Yaie University Library

39002006876966

'D^^^H

YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

ST. PATRICK'S DAY:

ITS CELEBRATION IN NEW YORK
AND OTHER
AMERICAN PLACES, 1737-1845

HOW THE ANNIVERSARY WAS OBSERVED BY REPRESENTATIVE
IRISH ORGANIZATIONS, AND THE TOASTS PROPOSED.

By JOHN D. CRIMMINS

NEW YORK CITY
PUBLISHED BY THE AUTHOR
1903

Copyright, igo2, by
JOHN D. CRIMMINS

TO THE
FRIENDLY SONS OF ST. PATRICK
IN THE
CITY OF NEW YORK
AND TO
KINDRED SOCIETIES THROUGHOUT THE COUNTRY
THIS WORK IS
CORDIALLY DEDICATED
BY
THE AUTHOR

FOREWORD.
The story of the settlement of the children of Ireland in
America is at present receiving much and long-needed atten
tion. The present work on St. Patrick's Day celebrations
in American places will contribute something to that story.
While recalling many of the most notable gatherings in
honor of Ireland's patron saint, and giving something of the
spirit of the times in the toasts and sentiments that en
livened these occasions, it will be found to throw many inter
esting sidelights on the growth in numbers and standing of
Irishmen and the descendants of Irishmen in the centres of
American life and activity.
The period it seeks to cover extends from the year 1737
to the year 1845 — more than a century. The former date is
chosen because it is that of the earliest record yet found of
Irishmen meeting on American soil to honor St. Patrick. It
closes with 1845, because thereafter began the greater Irish
immigration — that of the " famine years " and years follow
ing — with so marked an increase in the volume, of the west
ward floating Celtic tide, as in efifect to make a new epoch.
Shortly thereafter, too, came the Young Irelanders of 1848,
a brilliant band giving new impulse to Irish sentiment.
From few and rare in the middle of the eighteenth century
the observances of St. Patrick's Day had become fixed insti
tutions in most American cities and towns by the middle
of the nineteenth century. From 1845 on to the present
day these festal functions have spread all over the United
States with the march of the Irish race. Every urban com
munity gives welcome and honor to the Irish anniversary,
often by imposing military and civic parades, by impressive
church services and eloquent pulpit utterances, by the dis-

6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
play of flags on public and private buildings, by great ban
quets attended by national, state and city officials.
When we look back for a moment to the year I737» the
period when our modest story begins, we see Ireland, almost]
half a century after the close of the Jacobite wars, lying ;
broken and helpless under the iron rule of the Ascendancy.
From the day that Sarsfield marched out of Limerick taking'
with him 10,000 Irish soldiers to enter the service of France, |
Spain or Austria — wherever in Europe a true man's sword
was needed — began a century of dull and leaden tyranny
that only awakened local and abortive resistance, and saw
horrors of repression that English historians blush for to-day.
Ireland was a good land to live out of then. Even the s
descendants of those who had been " planted " in Ireland,
displacing the Irish landowners, did not always find the island '
a desirable abode. For while the Catholics were given over
to the Protestants as something worse than slaves, to be
harried, robbed under law or outside of it, all impulse to
economic progress, even on the part of Protestants, was
destroyed. 1
The great landowners drew large revenues in rackrents|
and lived out of Ireland. The smaller landholders lived
precariously in constant conflict with their tenants and went
into debt. What peasant would toil and struggle for more
than would hold body and soul together if the surplus could
be taken from him almost at will? Nor did the Protestanti
who were permitted to trade in Ireland fare much better.
The greed of the merchants and manufacturers of Eng
land, operating through Parliament, so hampered and bur
dened Irish trade and manufacture as practically to annihilate
it. Ireland " alone of all the world " was forbidden as Hil
dreth, the American historian, says, to import direct from the
English colonies and could only export to them horses, ser
vants and provisions, and only in English vessels. This
greed it was that made Dean Swift give his famous advice to
Irishmen, "Burn everything English— but coal," anticipating
somewhat the doings at the Boston " tea party " sixty years

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 7
later where the destructive result was worked out in another
element. Emigration from Ireland was continuous. Protestant
Irishmen of family and education carried their talents to
London. In 1737, Edmund Burke, seven years old, was
going to school to O'Halloran of Castletown; Oliver Gold
smith, nine years old, was at the school of Thomas Byrne at
Lissoy, listening to that old soldier's stories of the Spanish
wars, between his lessons in Greek and Latin. To London
and fame they drifted in time with the common tide of Pro
testant Irishmen of talent and learning. Protestant traders
and farmers emigrated to the English colonies. New Hamp
shire, Massachusetts, New York, Pennsylvania and the Caro
linas received them by the thousand.
Ramsay in his history of South Carolina says : " But of all
other countries, hone has furnished the province with so
many inhabitants as Ireland. Scarce a ship sailed from any
of its ports for Charleston that was not crowded with men,
women and children. The bounty allowed to new settlers
induced numbers of these people to resort to Carolina. The
merchants finding this bounty equivalent to the "expenses of
the passage, persuaded the people to embark. Many causes
may be assigned for this spirit of emigration from Ireland,
but domestic oppression was the most powerful and prev
alent." Concerning Pennsylvania, the arrivals at the Port of
Philadelphia for the year ending December, 1729, are set
down as :
English and Welsh  267
Scotch  43
Palatines (Germans)  343
Irish  5,655
or a proportion of nine Irish immigrants to one from all
other nations in Europe. And this constant influx, though
not in so great disproportion to other arrivals, recurred
annually at the same port, till the close of the century.
The outflow of Catholic Irishmen, gentlemen and peas-

8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
ants, to take place in the armies of Europe, was only measured
by the opportunities to leave Ireland. Treason it was to
migrate with such an object, and those who succeeded were
smuggled out in native fishing craft or foreign luggers.
This migration of the Irish to foreign battlefields was known
for a hundred years in Ireland as "the flight of the wild
geese " — ^who fled in the night, and their accustomed places
knew them no more. Seldom, indeed, they returned.
During this protracted emigration of both Catholics and
Protestants, many Irishmen came to America whose names,
and the names of their descendants, were to figure conspic
uously among the patriots who fought and suffered and con
quered in the great struggle for freedom and national inde
pendence. Casually may be mentioned, George Clinton, the
first Governor of the State of New York, who served seven
terms in office, or twenty-one years in all, and had also the
honor of being Vice-President of the United States. In
Virginia, the Lewis family were distinguished patriots and
in Carolina, among a host of statesmen and soldiei:s of the
Revolution, stand the brothers John and Edward Rutledge.
John Rutledge was President and Commander-in-Chief of
the Colony and afterwards Chief Justice of the United States
Supreme Court. Edward Rutliedge and Thomas Lynch,
Junior, were signers of the Declaration of Independence for
South Carolina.
We get perhaps a little closer to Irish knowledge when
we recall that the year of the first celebration of St. Patrick's
Day in America, of which we have record, was but eight years
before the battle of Fontenoy, where the Irish Brigade saved
the fortunes of France.
If Ireland in 1737 was economically, nationally and politi
cally dead. Irishmen were in the front of the struggle of life
outside her boundaries. Swordplay there was in plenty on
the Continent of Europe. The wars of the Polish and Aus
trian successions involved most of the continental powers,
and there were Irishmen in every battle.
Nothing was heard then in Ireland, England, Europe or

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 9
America, of the distinction made by ill-instructed moderns
between the Irish and the " Scotch-Irish," the latter a racial
figment adopted since by shallow commentators of no
ethnological standing. Anglo-Irish who presently merged in
to the general population there were in plenty. Scotchmen
similarly " planted " in Ireland were few. Protestantism be
came no test of race. Many Catholic Celts " conformed."
Many Catholics of English descent refused to conform. In
the English colonies of America at that time, the anti-Catho
lic laws in force were as much an expression of the popular
religious sentiment, as in line with the policy of the British
Crown. Catholics were not welcome. Hence, voluntary
Irish emigrants to America were, in the large majority, Pro
testant. Protestant or not, they called themselves Irishmen.
The Irish gentlemen and merchants who met convivially
in Boston pn March 17, 1737, to honor St. Patrick, and
founded a benevolent society with quaint officials bearing
silver keys, described themselves as Irish or of Irish extrac
tion and of Protestant faith. While they toasted the Saint
and laughed and sang, the Colony of Massachusetts was in a
hot wordy struggle with the Mother country on the subject
of taxation and trade discrimination, a struggle that went
forty years later to blows and to the extinguishment of
EngHsh rule in America.
New York was iri much the same attitude, perpetually
quarrelling with its English Governors. The City of New
York had then less than 10,000 inhabitants. ' Down the
Atlantic coast as far as Georgia there were the same specks
of trouble between the colonies and the Mother country, and
at all points of contact with the French and Spanish there
was strain and often shock. America, in fine, was slowly
working towards claiming and taking the position of inde
pendence, first in local and later in national affairs.
As fixing the time in another sense, let us record that
George Berkeley of the diocese of Cloyne in Ireland, had
concluded his two years of residence at Newport, Rhode
Island, but seven years before, in 1730 to wit, and Bishop

JO EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Berkeley had sung in prophetic immortal verse, " Westward
the course of Empire takes its way."
Our Protestant Irishmen at Boston who were gayly cele
brating the day of the Saint as the Catholic Irish soldiers
in the armies of France and Spain were celebrating it in
theiV camps, were simply demonstrating the mental resili
ency of the Gael. He cannot remain crushed while life is
in him. No other human being has survived so much and
such long-continued disaster, without degeneration, as the
Irish Celt. His ability to find something to smile at while
suffering acutely is as characteristic of him to-day as it was
two hundred years ago. During the dark days of Elizabeth
his sense of humor did not forsake him — the times when the
poet Spenser describes the Irish as haggard and ragged and
living precariously on roots and herbs in a devastated land.
This saving humor survived the drastic days of Cromwell
and stood a friend during the grim, hopeless century be
tween the battle of the Boyne and the battle of Vinegar Hill.
The Irish nature was like the Irish climate, its smiles making
up for its tears. In such a nature there is no despair. Defeat
that leaves it life is a downfall, not a hopeless calamity. Often
it has been said that with more consistent grimness of char
acter the Irish would have achieved their aspirations ; equally
it may be said that with more grimness in them, they would
have been annihilated. Time and again through the great
crises of their history they struggled manfully up to a certain
point; beyond that they submitted to their fate, however
dreary, with a smiling philosophy that was the puzzle of
their conquerors. " They are downtrodden, but surely they
are contented, for they dance in the moonlight and sing by
the cradle, and laugh and are merry at wedding and christen
ing," said the rulers. But they were not contented. Their
imaginations clung to the memory of the olden times, and
they were ever ready for another effort when events seemed
to favor it. Their natures underwent no change. Their
songs and laughter were no "organized hypocrisy" but
simply the vent of ebullient, uncrushable souls.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY ii
And we have a thousand proofs that in the mingling of
Celtic and British blood, the vital resource of being always,
and often humorously, superior to fate, was sure of trans
mission to the new generation. It is the badge of our fight
ing race, and enters into the marrow of its traditional
bravery. It has defied ordinary analysis. To Mr. Rudyard
Kipling, who has fairly well described the externals of the
Irish soldier in British India, these Ughts and shades of char
acter are incomprehensible, and hence woefully miscon
strued. He has missed the ethnological elucidation, but the
great Voltaire had missed it, too, and at the very period of
which we are writing.
Loyalty to England throughout the American colonies
took on the step-daughter quality early in the eighteenth cen
tury. It was qualified by questions of " the narrow things
of the house " which bred and maintained unfilial feeling.
Every step toward self-government was resisted in England
as an " encroachment on the royal prerogative; " every fresh
attempt to fasten the bonds with the Crown was resented in
America as "an outrage on liberty." Yet the word Inde
pendence was all but unheard for quarter of a century after
the Charitable Irish Society of Boston first sat down together
in 1737. The most expressive acts of loyalty in America
during the first three-quarters of the eighteenth century,
were in the active support given to England in her wars with
France and Spain. But inasmuch as neighboring American
territory became the prize of victory in those wars, there
was another incentive beside devotion to a ruler beyond the
seas. George Washington was a British soldier in this
sense in the French war of 1755-60.
In 1757, as we turn over the pages, we hear of St. Patrick
being honored among Irish soldiers in the English Camp
at Fort William Henry on Lake George. In 1763 the Saint
was similarly honored at Fort Pitt, that is at Pittsburg, and
if on March i8th, " Croghan could not write by this express "
on account of the fetes of the day before, we may be sure that
the party was an exceedingly merry one. Once the War of

12 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
the Revolution had broken out, the Saint was found to be
stimulating Irishmen to social enjoyment on both sides of
the fighting line.
While a record exists of the Irishmen with Washington's
army at Valley Forge honoring the day in 1778, we find
Lord Rawdon's "Volunteers of Ireland," enlisted on the
royal side of the dispute, sitting down 400 strong on March
17, 1779, to a banquet in the Bowery where the King, no
doubt, was toasted while the " shamrock was drowned."
These Volunteers a year later were deserting to the patriots
in such numbers that Lord Rawdon was offering "10 guineas
for the head of any deserter." It shows that banquets, high .
pay and flattery did not avail to hold them on the wrong side
in such a contest, for they were deserting to an ill-fed, ill-clad
army of provincials fighting a powerful Empire for freedom.
Here, doubtless, a writer like Mr. Kipling would fail to
understand. Toasts to " Our Lord, the King " were, however, soon at
an end on St. Patrick's Day in America, and thenceforth the
Irish story is one of fervent devotion to the Union of the
States and its starry flag. What a curious running- com
mentary might be continued as year followed year at these
festivals in honor of Ireland and her patron saint, but we
must not be tempted from the fair limits of a prefatory word.
We see General Washington giving orders for the Day in
war-time (1780) at Morristown, N. J., in honor of the Saint
and noting the brave things doing in the Parliament of
Ireland — ^the Parliament of Flood and Grattan. We see him
dining with the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, later on. We
catch echoes of the rebellion of 1798. We note the coming
of the banished leaders of the United Irishmen, and the
honored name of Thomas Addis Emmet appears; also we
find the Macnevins, the Sampsons, the Wilsons, the Cham
bers', the Traynors, the Caldwells, the Constables, the Max
wells, the Lynches — all these settled in New York. Phila
delphia, Baltimore, and other large cities could supply a list
of statesmen, soldiers and patriots as well known as these.
" The Memory of Orr " becomes a toast.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY

13

The national poetry of Thomas Moore begins to sparkle at
the festive board. The genius of Curran is honored. The
War of 181 2, Catholic Emancipation in the British Isles, the
" Reform " wave of 1832, Daniel O'Connell and his struggle
for " Repeal of the Union " all are subjects of luminous
speech at the gatherings. And at everyone of them the
genius of America, her freedom, ,her powerful example of a
triumphant Democracy, her Presidents, her army, her navy,
her heroes and her martyrs are honored with grateful heart.
Future researches may bring to light earlier celebrations
of St. Patrick's Day in America than any herein found. No
doubt the Irish immigrants of decades earlier than 1737 did
meet to honor the national anniversary that they had honored
at home, but the records are not at present attainable. A
great deal of the matter in the book has been gleaned, as will
be seen, by a careful examination of the newspapers of the
times covered. They were not then the eager reporters
of events they have since become, but such as they were
they found room for many a record of St. Patrick celebra
tions. While careful in this task, the author has not attempted
to note every observance of the Day that took place, only
the more prominent, notable and curious, not to say enter
taining. In published transactions of various organizations,
in diaries, histories and other publications the material has
been sought and culled. In this way have been gathered
records, that appear in this work, of celebrations by the fol
lowing organizations :
Charitable Irish Society, Boston, Mass.
Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, New York City.
Volunteers of Ireland (Lord Rawdon's).
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York City.
The Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, Pa.
New York Hibernian Volunteers, New York City.
Hibernian Friendly Knot, New York City.
Irish Volunteers, Charleston, S. C.

14 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, Charleston, S. C.
St. Patrick's Club, or Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick,
Charleston, S. C.
The Hibernian Society, Charleston, S. C.
Druid's Grand Lodge, New York City.'
Hibernian Provident Society, New York City.
The St. Patrick's Society, Albany, N. Y.
Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York City.
The Republican Greens (Riflemen), New York City.
St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, Philadelphia, Pa.
The Hibernian Society, Baltimore, Md.
The Hibernian Society, Savannah, Ga.
The Sons of Erin, Washington, D. C.
Hibernian Benevolent Society, Fredericksburg, Va.
The Sons of Erin, Albany, N. Y.
Montgomery Hibernia Greens, Philadelphia, Pa.
Erin Benevolent Society, Philadelphia, Pa.
Shamrock Friendly Association, New York City.
Erin Fraternal Association, Brooklyn, N. Y.
Friendly Sons of Erin, New York City.
St. Patrick's Benevolent Society, Providence, R. I.
Friends of Ireland, New York City.
The Sons of Erin, Boston, Mass.
Young C. F. Society, Boston, Mass.
Hibernian Provident Society, Albany, N. Y.
Friends of Ireland, Salem, Mass.
Hibernian Orphan Society, Providence, R. I.
Young Friends of Ireland, Boston, Mass.
Hibernian Provident Society, New Haven, Conn.
The St. Patrick's Society, Hartford, Conn.
Some of the foregoing organizations have long since
passed out of existence; others survive, reflecting honor on
the Irjsh name. In addition to observances by the bodies
above named, some accounts will be found of other celebra
tions, such as exercises at military posts, religious functions,
anniversary orations, balls, theatrical performances and vari
ous other ways of honoring the Saint and his Day.

CHAPTER I.
St. Patrick's Day observed in Boston, 1737, by the Founding of the
Charitable Irish Society — Celebration of the Day at Fort William Henry
in 1757 — The Anniversary observed at Fort Pitt in 1763 — A Tribute to
St. Patrick at Boston in 1768 — Gen. Washington Designates " St. Patrick "
as the Countersign in 1776 — Additional Observances of the D'ay during
the Revolution — Masonic Lodges bearing the Name St. Patrick.
The earliest American celebration of St. Patrick's Day,
of which record has been found, took place in 1737. On
March 17, that year, the Charitable Irish Society * was or
ganized in Boston, Mass., by a number of leading Irish Pro
testants. The Society is still in existence, though there is no
longer any religious qualification for membership. The pre
amble adopted by the founders! reads as follows :
" Whereas; Several Gentlemen, Merchants and Others,
of the Irish Nation residing in Boston in New England, from
an Affectionate and Compassionate concern for their coun
trymen in these Parts, who may be reduced by Sickness,
Shipwrack, Old age and other Infirmities and unforeseen
Accidents, Have thought fitt to form themselves into a Chari
table Society, for the relief of such of their poor and indigent
Countrymen, without any Design of not contributing to
wards the Provision of the Town Poor in general as usual.
And the said Society being now in its Minority, it is to be
hoped and expected, that all Gentlemen, Merch'% and others
of the Irish Nation, or Extraction, residing in, or trading to
these Parts, who are lovers of Charity and their Countrymen,
will readily come into and give their Assistance to so laudable
an undertaking; and for the due Regulation and Manage
ment of said intended Charity, the Society, on the 17th day
* In its early days it was commonly known as " The Irish Society."
t See published records of the Society, Boston, 1876.

1 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
of March, in the year 1737, agreed on the following Rules
and orders."
Then follow the " Rules and orders " in detail, comprising
thirteen sections besides the By-Laws. Section VIII declared
that "The Managers of this Society shall be a President,, a
Vice President, a Treasurer, three Assistants, and Three Key-
keepers, with a Servitor to attend the Society's service, the
Managers to be natives of Ireland, or Natives of any other
Part of the British Dominions of Irish Extraction, being
Protestants, and inhabitants of Boston."
Section XIII provided that " The Key-keepers are to
attend Gentlemen and others, Natives of Ireland, or of Irish
Extraction, residing in these Parts, or Transients, to acquaint
them with the Charitable Design, and Nature of this Society,
and to invite them to contribute by the Formality of deliver
ing them a Silver-Key, with the Arms of Ireland thereon;
and if any Persons do refuse the same, they are to return
their Names to some subsequent Quarterly Meeting."
The twenty-six original members of the Society were:
Robert Duncan, Andrew Knox, Nathaniel Walsh, Joseph St.
Lawrence,* Daniel McFfall, Edward Allen, William Drum
mond, William Freeland, Daniel Gibbs,t John Noble, Adam
Boyd, William Stewart, Daniel Neal, James Mayes, Samuel
Moore, Philip Mortimer, James Egart, George Glen, Peter
Pelham, J John Little, Archibald Thomas, Edward Alder-
*This was probably the person of whom the following mention ap
pears in the Boston Selectmen's record, 1737:
" Mr. Joseph St. Lawrence from Ireland, Merchant, having imported
upwards of Fifty Pounds Sterling, Prays he may be Allow'd to carry
on his Business in this Town."
t Probably Capt. Daniel Gibbs of the " Sagamore " who brought over
many Irish passengers to Boston, about 1737.
% Peter Pelham; termed the "father of fine arts in New Eng'Iand."
In 1737 he applied to the Boston selectmen for " Liberty to Open a School
in this Town for the Education of children in Reading, Writing, Needle
work, Dancing, and the Art of Painting upon Glass, &c." His applica
tion was granted. His son Henry, among other works, executed a mezzo
tint of the Countess of Desmond, and is said to have taken great interest
in Kerry antiquities. Peter Pelham's second wife was the widow of
Richard Copley, and mother of John Singleton Copley.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 17
church, James Clark, John Clark, Thomas Bennett and Pat
rick Walker.
These men were proud of their Irish blood and emphasized
this pride by selecting St. Patrick's Day as the occasion on
which to organize their Irish society. It is believed that
the religious clause was early repealed or permitted to be
come a dead letter. It is thought that Roman Catholics were
admitted to membership as far back as 1742. It is known
that Catholics were members of the Society in 1770. To
day, the greater part of the members are Catholics, but mem
bers are admitted and officers chosen irrespective of church
affiliations.* Many of the members served in the patriot
ranks during the Revolution, some of them bearing com
missions on land or sea. Henry Knox was admitted to the
Society in 1772. We shall have occasion to again refer to
this Society, later.
On March 17, 1757, a celebration of St. Patrick's Day took
place at Fort Willkm Henry " at that time the most north
erly outpost of Great Britain in America." It was located at
the head of Lake George and had been built by Sir William
Johnson, an Irishman by birth.f At the time of which we
write the garrison was largely Irish and included a battalion
of Provincial Rangers under John Stark. Forty miles away
was the French stronghold of Ticonderoga. On the evening
of March 16, 1757, an extra ration of grog was distributed

* President James Boyd, a Protestant, in his address to the Society
at its Centennial anniversary, St. Patrick's Day, 1837, said: " In the per
sons who have had the honor to preside over you during the last twenty-
five years, ten have been Protestants and five have been Catholics. The
ten Protestants filled the chair twenty years, and the five Catholics five
years. Yet, during all this time, it is believed that a majority at all meet
ings have been of the Catholic persuasion."
f He was a native of the County Meath; born, 1715; died in the vicinity
of Jdhnstown, N. Y., July 11, 1774; was a nephew of Admiral Sir Peter
Warren, who was also an Irishman. Johnson, at the outbreak of the
French and Indian war, was appointed sole superintendent of the Six
Nations. He was very popular among those Indians; was adopted into
the Mohawk tribe and created a sachem. The English king gave him a
grant of 100,000 acres, to the north of the Mohawk river.
2

1 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
to the Irish troops in Fort William Henry, in which to
" drown the shamrock."
Stark fearing the effect on his Provincial Rangers issued
orders that no grog was to be given his command, on March
17th, except on a written order from himself. He then, it
is said, had it noised around that he could not fill out any
orders as his right hand was lame so that he was unable to
write. In the meantime, the French had made a forced
march from Ticonderoga to attack Fort William Henry.
On St. Patrick's night they fell upon the latter, perhaps
thinking they would have an easy time of it. They were '
repulsed, however, Stark and his Provincials taking a leading
part in repelHng the assault. Hon. John C. Linehan* de
clares that " The truth of the matter is, that with an Irish
commander. Sir William Johnson, an Irish regiment in the
fort, and a possibility of there being a part of the old Irish
brigade in the French stronghold, St. Patrick had an all-
round celebration and the attack was undoubtedly planned
by the Irish exiles in the French service, who knew what the
custom was on March 1 7, and thought to catch their Anglo-
Irish opponents unawares."
In 1763 a celebration of the day took place at Fort Pitt
(Pittsburgh). Capt. S. Ecuyer, in command at the Fort,
wrote to Col. Boquet and in the course of his communica
tion said : " We had St. Patrick's fetes in every manner so
that Croghanf could not write by this express." %
In 1766 St. Patrick's lodge of Masons was instituted at
Johnstown, N. Y., being the first lodge organized, in that
province, west of the Hudson river. It was still in existence
at a recent period. The lodge was warranted under the ad-
* Treasurer-General, American-Irish Historical Society; State Insur
ance Commissioner of New Hampshire.
t This was probably George Croghan, an Irishman and famous Indian
agent. He was a captain in Braddock's expedition, 1755, and in the fol
lowing year was assigned to the defence of Pennsylvania's western fron
tier. In May, 1776, he founded a settleraent a few miles above Fort Pitt,
Pa. X Fort Pitt, or Letters from the Frontier, p. 118.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 19
ministration of George Harison, provincial grand master of
the Province of New York. Sir William Johnson, who was
a native of the County Meath, Ireland, was the first master
of the lodge. In 1770, Col. Guy Johnson,* a native of Ire
land, was elected master of St. Patrick's lodge, and Michael
Byrne, junior warden.
A tribute to St. Patrick's memory was paid at a meeting in
Boston, Mass., March 18, 1768, The Boston Gazette of
March 21, that year, thus refers to the event: " Friday, the
i8th inst.," the anniversary of the repeal of the Stamp act,t
" a select company of truly respectable Gentlemen, upwards
of Fifty in number, assembled at the British Coffee House,
and devoted the happy Day to Mirth and Festivity." One of
the toasts was to " St. Patrick," and " The preceding day
being St. Patrick's, and a Number of Irish Gentlemen pres
ent, this Toast was cheerfully drank." Another toast on this
occasion was " May the Sons of America and Ireland never
be involv'd in Slavery."
St. Patrick's Day was enthusiastically observed in the
American army during the Revolution. The British evacu
ated Boston on St. Patrick's Day, 1776, and the Americans
marched in and took possession. Washington in the camp
at Cambridge authorized as the parole for the day "Boston" ;
and the countersign, " St. Patrick."| Gen. John Sullivan
was brigadier of the day. An historical writer § declares that
as the British departed from Boston they " left sentries stand-
* Married a daughter of Sir William Johnson, and succeeded the latter
as Indian agent; fled to Canada at the outbreak of the American Revolu
tion, but came back to New York with the British troops; became
manager of a theatre in that city; joined Brant, the Mohawk chief, and
took part in deeds of blood in the Mohawk valley. With the Indians,
in 1779, he battled against Gen. John Sullivan. Guy's estates were con
fiscated by the American government.
t Repealed as the result of a bill introduced in the British Parliament,
by William Pitt, in 1766. As an expression of gratitude for the repeal
of the act, a statue to the king was set up in Bowling Green, New York
City, and one to Pitt at the intersection of William and Wall Streets. The
repeal of the Stamp Act, however, was not pleasing to the king.
X American Archives, Fourth Series, Vol. V, p. 421.
§ Gordon.

20 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
ing in effigy with their muskets shouldered and bearing the
usual appearance of being on duty."*
In Philadelphia on St. Patrick's Day, 1778, there was a
celebration by men in the British service. Elizabeth Drinker
states that " A crowd of Irish soldiers went by this after
noon, with one on horseback representing St. Patrick."
There was also an observance of the day in 1778 by Wash
ington's army at Valley Forge. The event was marked by
an exciting incident or two. Some trouble-makers in the
army, it appears, sought to have a little fun at the expense
of the Irish by indulging in antics of a " stuffed Paddy "
nature. This led to " great indignation among the Irish in
the camp"t and a row ensued. Washington appeared on
the scene and "kindly and feelingly argued with them,"
promising to punish the parties who had given offence if the
latter were shown to him. It was on this occasion that
Washington is stated to have said " I, too, am a lover of St.
Patrick's day." Then there was an extra issue of " grog "
to the army " and thus all made merry and were good
friends." We learn that on St. Patrick's Day, 1779, a lot of " bigots
congregated" in St. Mary's churchyard, Philadelphia,
drinking and singing, and that some Irishmen and French
men in the American army " decided to teach the desecra-
tors a lesson." They accordingly fired on the offenders and
wounded a number of them. The next day Baron Steuben
ordered " those engaged in the affair to ' step to the front,'
when forty-nine did so." Forthwith, the cause being ascer
tained, " they were discharged from arrest."
In the St. Louis " Republican," October, 1887, appears
the following : —
" Quite an interesting and curious old manuscript relating
to the time of the American Revolution has been discov-
* It has been suggested that these efKgies may have been " stuffed
Paddies," a form of alleged humor somewhat prevalent in those days.
I " Collections of Historical Society," Pa., Vol. I, p. 141,— quoted by
Martin I. J. Griffin.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 21
ered by one of our reporters. It is in possession of a resident
of St. Louis. It is no less than the original " military orders
of the day " issued to the " Main Guard and Morristown
Picket " from February 15 to April 7, 1780, while the Ameri
can army, under Gen. Washington, was stationed at Morris
town, N. J.
" Though musty with age, and on that account in some
places almost illegible, the manuscript as a whole is as clear as
on the day it was written, and presents a photograph of the
interior workings of that famous little American army, its
morale, its soldierly discipline, the character of the common
soldiers, the manner in which they were provided for, the
kind of arms with which they were equipped, and of other
incidents, as even the very pastimes and amusements allowed
the soldiers — such as perhaps no historian of that period
has ever presented to the world. At present only two ex
tracts from the manuscript are given, and they are selected
for the purpose of showing how this nation, in the throes of
its birth, as heartily as it does now in the plenitude of its
might and power, sympathized with the Irish people : — "
Headquarters, March 16, 1780.
Officers for duty to-morrow: Brig-Gen. Clinton, Maj.
Edwards, Brig. -Maj. Brice. The General congratulates the
army on the very interesting proceedings of the parliament
of Ireland and of the inhabitants of the country, which have
been lately communicated. Not only do they appear calcu
lated to remove the heavy and tyrannical oppressions on their
trade, but to restore to a brave and generous people their
ancient rights and privileges, and in their operation to pro
mote the cause of America. Desirous of impressing on the
mind of the army transactions so important in their nature,
the General directs that all fatigue and working parties cease
for to-morrow, the 17th [a] day held in particular regard
by the people of that nation. At the same time that he orders
this as a mark of pleasure he feels in the situation, he per
suades himself that the celebration of the day will not be
attended by the least rioting or disorder. The officers to be
at their quarters in camp, and the troops of each State are to
be in their own encampment.

22 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Division orders : Captain of the day to-morrow, brigadier-
major from the Second Pennsylvania brigade.
Brigade orders: Captain of the day [name illegible J.
Adjutant of the day to-morrow, Herbert  .
Different versions of the foregoing general order have
been published from time to time. They all agree in essen
tials, and differ only in some minor points of phraseology.
The following, however, is an exact copy of the order in the
form in which it appears on the records of the War Depart
ment at Washington, D. C. The writer is indebted for this
copy to Col. F. C. Ainsworth, chief of the Record and Pen
sion office of the Department :
Head Quarters Morris Town, i6th March, 1780. ,
The Genl. congratulates the Army on the very interesting
Proceeding of the Parliament of Ireland, and the Inhabitants
of that Country, which have been lately communicated, not
only as they appear calculated to remove those heavy and
tyrannical oppressions on their Trade, but to restore to a
brave and generous People their ancient Rights & Freedom,
and by their operation to promote the Cause of America, —
desirous of impressing on the Minds of the Army Trans
actions so important in their Nature, the Genl. directs that all
Fatigue and Working Parties cease for tomorrow, the 17th
a day held in particular Regard by the People of that Nation. .
At the same time he orders, that as a mark of the Pleasure
he feels on the occasion, he persuades himself that the Cele
bration of the Day will not be attended with the least Rioting
or Disorder — The Offs. to be at their Quarters in Camp,
and the Troops of each State Line, are to be kept within their
own encampments.
The following order was also issued at the same time,
though it does not clearly appear by whom. Some accounts
attribute it to Col. Francis Johnson, a Pennsylvania officer (
" The commanding officer desires that the celebration of
the day should not pass by without having a little rum issued
to the troops, and has thought proper to direct the commis
sary to send for the hogshead which the colonel has pur
chased already in the vicinity of the camp. While the troops

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 23
are celebrating* the bravery of St. Patrick in innocent mirth
and pastime, he hopes they will not forget their worthy
friends in the kingdom of Ireland, who, with the greatest
unanimity, have stepped forward in opposition to the tyrant
Great Britain, and who, like us, are determined to die or be
free. The troops will conduct themselves with the greatest
sobriety and good order."
The camp parole on this occasion was " Saint," and the
countersign, " Patrick " and " Shelah." It is stated f that
, " The day was ushered in with music and hoisting of colors,
exhibiting the thirteen stripes, the favorite harp and an in
scription, ' The Independence of Ireland.' "
Col. Israel Angeli, of the Second Rhode Island % regiment
in the Continental Line, left a diary § in which, under date of
" 17 March 1781," he states that there was " A great parade
this day with the Irish," it being St. Patrick's. He adds : " I
spent the day on the Point and tarried with the officers."
The army was then encamped at West Point, which is the
locality referred to by Col. Angeli.
Reference has already been made to a St. Patrick's Lodge
of Masons instituted at Johnstown, N. Y., in 1766. Another
lodge bearing the name was located at Portsmouth, N. H.,
and was chartered March 17, 1780. Early that month, a
number of residents of Portsmouth and vicinity petitioned
the Masonic grand lodge of Massachusetts for a charter,
their new lodge to bear the name St. Patrick. The grand
* " The Hon. Edmund D. Halsey, of New Jersey, who was a careful
collector of historical matter pertaining to the days of the Revolution, said
in his address before the Washington Asociation, February 22, 1889,
referring to March 17, 1780, that St. Patrick's Day was a day of general
festivity in the American Army." — Extract from address of President
James S. Coleman to the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York City,
March 17, 1896.
\ Griffin.
+ There were many Irish Rhode Islanders in the patriot army. An
interesting article on the subject, from the pen of Thomas Hamilton
Murray, appears in the " American Historical Register," May and June,
1896. § This diary has recently been reproduced in printed form by Edward
Field, Secretary of the Providence, R. I., Record Commission.

24 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
lodge met in Boston on St. Patrick's night, 1780, and granted
the petition.
Referring to this St. Patrick's lodge, Macoy's General
History of Freemasonry, under the heading of New Hamp
shire, says that "A charter was granted to a number of -
brethren in Portsmouth by the Massachusetts Grand Lodge,
under the name of 'St. Patrick's Lodge,' bearing date Boston,
March 17, 1780. This lodge continued its meetings until the
latter end of 1790, when they ceased working. This Lodge
had never acknowledged the jurisdiction of the Grand Lodge
of New Hampshire, and the Massachusetts Grand Lodge,
by the charter of St. Patrick's Lodge, claimed jurisdiction no
longer than till a Grand Lodge should be formed in New
Hampshire; therefore, St. Patrick's Lodge was not, at the
time of its dissolution, under the jurisdiction of any Grand
Lodge." A History of Freemasonry in New Hampshire, by Lyman
Spalding, M.D., Grand Secretary, published in Preston's
Illustrations of Masonry, as Appendix No. Ill, edition of
1804, has the following : " A petition was presented to the
Massachusetts Grand Lodge, March 7th, A. L. 5780, from
several brethren of Portsmouth, New Hampshire, praying
that a lodge might be established there, by the name and des
ignation of ' St. Patrick's, No-. 14,' which was accordingly
granted. The charter bears date, Boston, 17th of March,
A. L. 5780. The petitioners met for the first time under the
charter, March 24th, organized themselves, and chose Oliver
Whipple, Esq. to be their first Master.
" This lodge continued its meetings till the latter end of
the year 1790, when they ceased working; most of its mem
bers having joined St. John's Lodge, which was revived about
that time. The funds and regalia of this lodge were en
tirely lost, being kept by the members, in whose hands they
were lodged at that time. The loss of the regalia may in part
be attributed to the want of a Grand Lodge to claim them.-^
St. Patrick's Lodge had never acknowledged the jurisdiction
of the Grand Lodge of New Hampshire, * * * "

CHAPTER II.
Celebration of St. Patrick's Day in New York City before and during
the Revolution — Irish Residents Meet and Pleasantly Observe the Anni
versary as Early as 1762 — In 1766 the Day was Ushered in " with Drums
and Fifes " — The Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick Honor His Memory,
under British Auspices — Mention of " The Sixteenth Regiment of Foot."
St. Patrick's Day was celebrated in New York City as
early as 1762. Of this fact we have a record. But the anni
versary was, doubtless, observed here even at a much earlier
period, if not by organizations, then by groups of congenial
friends. We have seen that Irish residents of Boston cele
brated St. Patrick's Day as far back as 1737, and, we have no
doubt, the anniversary was as early recognized in New York.
Thomas Dongan, an Irish Roman Catholic, was made
governor of the Province of New York in 1683 and held the
office until 1688. There is little doubt that during this period
the anniversary of St. Patrick was, in some manner, observed
by the Governor and his friends and countrymen in these
parts. It would be strange if this were not so, and we shall
not be surprised if, one of these days, evidence, confirmatory
of this, comes to light.
As a matter of established fact, however, we for the present
date St. Patrick's Day celebrations in New York City from
1762. In the New York " Mercury," under date of March
15, 1762, we find the following notice: "The Anniversary
Feast of St. Patrick is to be celebrated on Wednesday the
17th Instant, at the house of Mr. John Marshall, at Mount
Pleasant, near the College; Gentlemen that please to attend
will meet with the best Usage." We find no further mention
of the event but the same was, undoubtedly, a complete
success. A notable celebration took place in New York City in

26 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
1766. Some of the toasts offered on that occasion appear very
strange in these days. It should be remembered, however,
that British influences dominated the gathering and that if
any of the assembled company disagreed with " The glorious ;\|
Memory of King William," for instance, they very wisely
kept their opinions to themselves. Some of the toasts, how
ever, appear to have been quite commendable. The New
York " Gazette," March 20, 1766, and the New York " Mer
cury," March 24, 1766, have the following account of the
celebration :
Monday last being the Day of St. Patrick, tutelar Saint of
Ireland, was ushered in at the Dawn, with Fifes and Drums,
which produced a very agreeable Harmony before the Doors
of many Gentlemen of that Nation, and others.
Many of them assembled, and spent a joyous tho' orderly
Evening, at the House of Mr. Bardin in this City, where the
following Healths were drank, Viz.
I. The King and Royal House of Hanover.
2. The Governor and Council of the Province.
3. The glorious memory of King William, &c.
4. The Memory of the late Duke of Cumberland.
5. The Day; and Prosperity to Ireland.
6. Success to the Sons of Liberty in America, may they
never want Money, Interest, nor Courage to Maintain their
Just Rights.
7. Mr. Pitt.
8. General Conway.
9. May the Enemies of America be branded with Infamy
and Disdain.
10. May the honest Heart never know Distress.
II. The Protestant Interest.
12. May all Acts of Parliament, Contrary to the American
Interest be laid aside.
13. Success to American Manufacturers.
14. May the true Sons of Liberty never want Roast Beef
nor Claret.
15. More Friends and less need.
16. Conquest to the Lover and Honour to the Brave;
17. May we never want Courage when we come to the
Trial. 18. The Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 27
19. May the Enemies of Ireland never eat the Bread nor
drink the Whisky of it, but be tormented with Itching with
out the benefit of Scratching.
20. Our Nohle Selves.
The next celebration of which we find mention took place
in 1768, concerning which the New York " Gazette," March
14, that year, had the following:*

The Gentlemen of Ireland
Who intend dining together on St. Patrick's Day, are de
sired to send their Names to Bolton and Sigell's that Dinner
may be prepared accordingly.

In the same issue of the " Gazette " we also find a state
ment to the effect that " The Members of the most ancient
and truly benevolent Order of St. Patrick intend to celebrate
the Anniversary of that Saint, at the House of John Marshall,
at the ancient Mason's Arms, near the Hon. William Wal
ton's, Esq.; on Thursday the 17th Instant, for which Pur
pose Tickets are now delivered at the said John Marshall's."
Now comes into view an organization known as the
" Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick." It appears to have been
divided into " knots " and to have been largely, or entirely,
composed of men in the British service. In the New York
" Gazette " of March 13, 1769, a notice appears, stating that:
The principal Knot of the Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick,
in the XVIth Regiment of Foot, will meet at Messieurs Bol
ton and Sigel's, on Friday the 17th Inst, being the Patron
Day of the Order, at 2 o'Clock, to dine and transact Business.
Such Gentlemen in this City as are of the Order, are desired
to attend.
Signed by Order, W. F. M. P. S.
In the New York "Journal," March 30, 1769, is a notice
reading as follows : " The Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick,
and several Gentlemen of this City intend dining together at

28 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Bolton and Sigel's Next Monday, and from thence to go to
the Play in the Evening; such Gentlemen as propose to join
them will be pleased to send in their Names to the Bar of
said Tavern two Days before.
" New York, March 28, 1769."
If this latter event was intended as a celebration of St.
Patrick's Day it is strange that it was held at so late a date
after the anniversary. However, there may have been a
special reason for this. It is possible, too, that it was a union
celebration by the Friendly Brothers instead of by a single
" knot " of the organization as was that held on the 17th of
the month.
In 1770, members of " the i6th Regiment of Foot " again
paid honor to the memory of St. Patrick as the following
notice in the New York " Gazette," of March 12th, that year
indicated they would:
The Principal Knot of the Friendly Brothers of St. Pat
rick, in the i6th Regiment of Foot, will meet at Bolton's on
Saturday the 17th Instant, being the Patron Day of the
Order, at 9 o'Clock in the Forenoon to breakfast, transact
Business and dine. Such Gentlemen in this City as are of the
Order, are desired to attend. Signed by Order,
J. F. J. P. S.
We again find mention of the Friendly Brothers in the
N. Y. " Gazette," of 'March 25, 1771, it being there stated
that "at the usual celebration of the repeal of the Stamp
Act on 18 March, the assemblage on 18 March 1771,
drank the usual toast ' Prosperity to Ireland and the worthy
Sons and Daughters of St. Patrick.' Messages of civil Com
pliments were exchanged by those Gentlemen and the
Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick, who dined at the Queen's-
Head Tavern; as also with a Number of other Gentlemen
who dined at Protestant Hall, at Mr. Samuel Waldron's, on
Long Island."
In Rivington's * N. Y. " Gazette," March 10, 1774, we
* Rivington, James; born in London, in 1761 opened a book store near
foot of Wall Street, New York; established a weekly newspaper, in 1773,

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY

29

find a notice to the effect that " The Friendly Brothers are
desired to meet at Hull's Tavern, on Thursday the 17th
instant. Dinner to be on table precisely at three o'clock. —
F. T. M."
The same paper under date of March 17, 1774, say that,
" This morning the Gentlemen who compose the most
benevolent society of the Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick
will give a very elegant breakfast, at Hull's to the principal
Ladies and Gentlemen of this city, in commemoration of the
tutelar Saint of Ireland, it being their Patron Day," and the
same issue of the " Gazette " announces that " The Concert
which was to have been performed at the Assembly Room, as
usual this Evening, is deferred until next Monday Evening,
on Account of a public Breakfast, given by the Gentlemen,
who compose the Society of The Friendly Brothers."
On March 16, 1775, Rivington's N. Y. " Gazette " an
nounced that " To-morrow being the anniversary of St. Pat
rick, Tutelar Saint of Ireland, will be observed with the usual
respect and attention, by his generous sons and their de
scendants." In Rivington's " Royal Gazette," March 14,
1778, was published this notice:

The Friendly Brothers
Are requested to meet the Fraternity the 17th instant, at
Hick's — Dinner to be on Table at 3 o'clock.
Wm. F. Bruce, in the Chair.

devoted to the royal cause. The plant was destroyed by the Sons of
Liberty in 1775, whereupon Rivington went to England. He came back
to New York late in 1776 and started his paper anew. Although loudly
declaiming against the " rebels," he is now believed to have acted in the
capacity of a spy for Gen. Washington.

CHAPTER III.
Lord Rawdon's "Volunteers of Ireland" Observe St. Patrick's Day
in 1779— The Corps Parades and Marches into New York City from
Jamaica, L. I.— A Dinner of Five Hundred Covers partaken of in the
Bowery — The OflScers Dine with his Lordship— The Volunteers again
Figure in an Observance of the Day in 1780 — Barney Thomson, Piper
to the Regiment, Composes a Song.
We now make the acquaintance of Lord Rawdon and his
" Volunteers of Ireland," This soldier, Francis Rawdon,' was
born at Moira, Ireland, Dec. 9, 1754, and died Nov. 28, 1826.
He was a son of the Earl of Moira. After the battle of Bunker-
Hill, in which he participart:ed, he became an aide to Sir Henry
Clinton and in 1776 took part in various operations near
New York. In 1778 he became Clinton's adjutant-general
and raised the " Volunteers of Ireland " above mentioned.
He participated in the battle of Monmouth and other im
portant engagements of the war. Subsequent to the battle
of Hobkirk's Hill, in 1781, he retreated owing to his dangef-
ous position in the face of Gen. Greene's meditated advance.
Rawdon was created a baron in 1783. In 1793 he succeeded
to the title of Earl of Moira. He was later governor-general
of India and at a still later period, governor and commander-'
in-chief of Malta.
On St. Patrick's Day, 1779, the following appeared in
Rivington's " Royal Gazette," sohciting recruits for the
" Volunteers of Ireland." This corps was then quartered at
Jamaica, Long Island, N. Y. :

All Gentlemen Natives of Ireland, are invited to join the
Volunteers of Ireland, commanded by their Countryman
Lord Rawdon.
A Corps in which ev^ry Recruit is sure of finding Towns
men or Relations. The terms of enlistment are for Three

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 31
Years, or during the war. Every Recruit shall on his enlist
ment receive 30s. sterling, andbe equipped in the most, com
plete manner. Those who wish to distinguish their attach
ment to their country by entering in this corps, are desired to
apply at the quarters of the regiment in the Bowery Lane,
New York, or at Lieut. Col. Doyle's quarters No. 10 Wall-
Street. On the same day, March 17, 1779, the " Volunteers " were
paraded in honor of St. Patrick. The event is thus described
in Rivington's " Royal Gazette " of March 20, and in the
New York " Gazette " of March 22 :
" Last Wednesday, the Anniversary of Saint Patrick, the
Tutelar Saint of Ireland, was celebrated by the Natives of
that Kingdom with their accustomed Hilarity. The Volun
teers of Ireland, preceded by their Band of Music, marched
into the City, and formed before the House of their Colonel,
Lord Rawdon, who put himself at their Head, and after pay
ing his Compliments to his Excellency, General Knyphau
sen,* and to General Jones, accompanied them to the Bow
ery, where a Dinner was provided, consisting of five hundred
Covers; after the Men were seated, and had proceeded to the
Enjoyment of a noble Banquet, the Officers returned to
Town, and dined with his Lordship — The soldierly Appear
ance of the men, their Order of March, Hand in Hand, being
all Natives of Ireland, had a striking Effect; and many of
their Countrymen have since joined them.
" This single Battalion, though only formed a few Months
ago, marched four hundred strapping Fellows, neither in
fluenced by Yankee or Ague — ^A Number perhaps equal to
all the Recruits forced into the Rebel Army in the same
Space of Time; which shews how easily Troops may be
formed on this Continent, from the People who have been
seduced into America, and spurn at the Treason and Tyranny
of the Congress; providing proper Measures are followed,
and they are headed by Men of their Choice : And also, that
* A Hessian officer in command of the city of New York in the absence
of Sir Henry Clinton.

,2 ¦ EARLY CELEBRATIONS
such Men, however long they may have remained in the
Haunts bf Hypocrasy, Cunning and Disaffection, being nat
urally gallant and loyal, crowd with Ardour to stand forth
in the Cause of their King, of their Country, and of real,
honest general Liberty, whenever an Opportunity offers."
Notwithstanding the flattery thus meted out, these " Vol
unteers of Ireland " do not appear to have been as much in
love with the Crown or " the cause of their king " as Lord
Rawdon and his government hoped. Many of them left the
British ranks and took refuge among the patriots. To such
an extent did this happen that Rawdon seems to have lost
his temper. In an order issued by him to Major Rugely, by
order of Cornwallis, Rawdon thus writes:
Headquarters, Camden, ist July, 1780.
Sir : So many deserters from this army have passed with
impunity through the districts which are under your direc
tion that I must necessarily suspect the inhabitants to have
connived at if not facilitated their escape. If attachment to
their sovereign will not move the country people to check
a crime so detrimental to his service it must be my care to
urge them to their duty, as good subjects by using invariable
severity toward every one who shall show so criminal a neg
lect to the public interest.
* * * I will give the inhabitants 10 guineas for the
head of any deserter belonging to the Volunteers of Ireland ;
and five guineas only if they bring him in alive. They shall
likewise be rewarded though not to that amount for such
deserters as they may secure belonging to any other regi
ment. I am confident you will encourage the country people to
be more active in this respect. I am. Sir, with much esteem,
Rawdon.*
In its issue of March 18, 1780, Rivington's " Gazette " has
the following interesting report :
The Anniversary of St. Patrick was yesterday celebrated
with the wonted Conviviality. In the Morning a most ele-
* The whole of this order will be found in Hartley's " Life of General
Marion," p. 130. Edition of 1866.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY

33

gant Breakfast and Ball were given at Mr. Hicks by the
Members of the Amiable Society of Friendly Brothers of St.
Patrick, to all the Officers of the Army and Navy, and the
Gentlemen of the City. In the Afternoon many Entertain
ments were likewise given, and the Night closed with all the
real Jocundity which ever distinguished that brave and gener
ous Nation, Great-Britain's beloved Sister.
Yesterday, (in Honour of the Anniversary of St. Patrick,
tutelar Saint of that Kingdom) the Regiment of Volunteers
of Ireland, quartered in Jamaica, (Long Island) were muni
ficently entertained by their Colonel, the Right Honourable
Lord Rawdon. A Song
Sung Yesterday at Jamaica before the Volunteers of Ireland,
it being St. Patrick's Day.
By Barney Thomson,
Piper to that Regiment.
Time — " Langolee."
Success to the shamrogue, and all those who wear it.
Be honour their portion wherever they go.
May riches attend them, and store of good claret.
For how to employ them sure none better know ;
Every foe surveys them with terror.
But every silk petticoat wishes them nearer.
So Yankee keep off, or you'll soon learn your error
For Paddy shall prostrate lay ev'ry foe.*
This day, , (but the year I can't rightly determine)
St. Patrick the vipers did chase from this land,t
Let's see if like him we can't sweep off the vermin
Who dare 'gainst the sons of the shamrogue to stand ;
Hand in hand ! let's carrol this chorus,
" As long as the blessings of Ireland hang o'er us,
" The crest of rebellion shall trouble before us,
" Like brothers while thus we march hand in hand ! "
* Barney Thomson, the composer of this song, was too sanguine. If
his corps ever came in contact with some of the Irish troops in Washing
ton's army, it is safe to say they did not " prostrate lay every foe."
t Meaning Ireland.
3

,. EARLY CELEBRATIONS
St. George & St. Patrick, St. Andrew, St. David,
Together may laugh at all Europe in arms,
Fair conquest her standard has o'er their heads waved,
And glory has on thpm conferr'd all her charms.
War's alarms ! to us are a pleasure.
Since honour our danger repays in full measure.
And all those who join us shall find we have leisure,
To think of our sport ev'n in war's alarms.

On March 17, 1781, Rivington's " Gazette " announced
that " This being the Anniversary of St. Patrick's Day, tute
lar Saint of Ireland, it will be celebrated with the accustomed :
respect and conviviality by all the natives of our brave Sister
Kingdom, and their genuine Descendants," and the N. Y.
" Gazette " of March 19, the same year, stated that " Satur
day last being the Anniversary of St. Patrick's Day, tutelar
Saint of Ireland, it was celebrated here with the accustomed
respect and conviviality."
In 1782, we once more find mention of the Friendly
Brothers of St. Patrick. It appears in the following notice
inserted in Rivington's " Gazette," March 16, that year:

Saint Patrick.
The principal Knot of the Friendly Brothers (of St.
Patrick) of the XVI Regiment of Foot, are requested to
meet at Roubalet's Tavern, in New York, on Monday the
1 8th inst. at two o'clock to dine, and transact business. All
Brothers of that most antient & benevolent Order are re
quested to attend and celebrate the Anniversary of their
Tutelar Saint. Those who wish to meet, are desired to send
in their names to Roubalet, on or before 2 o'clock this day
that Dinner may be prepared accordingly,
By order of the President, Fitz M. Friendly Connor.
Acting Secretary.
New- York, March 16, 1782.

The British evacuated New York city Nov. 25, 1783.
Thenceforth, the St. Patrick's Day celebrations there took

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 35
place under the inspiring presence of the star spangled
banner. The evacuation of New York by the enemy was attended
by many interesting features. Preceding it, a conference
took place at Dobb's Ferry between Washington, Gov. Clin
ton and Sir Guy Carleton.* At this conference, it was ar
ranged that the British were to get out of New York on the
date above mentioned. On the morning of Nov. 25, Gen.
Knox marched his men in from Harlem as far as " Bowery
Lane." There he halted, at what is now the junction of
Third Ave., and the Bowery. The Americans remained here
until about i P.M., as the enemy had claimed the right of
possession until noon. Before 3 P.M., Knox had taken con
trol of the city and of Fort George, amid the acclamations of
a great concourse. Washington located at Fraunce's Tavern,
where during the afternoon a public dinner to the officers
of the army was given by Gov. Clinton. In the evening, the
city was illuminated by rockets, bonfires and other evidences
of rejoicing. The British flag at Fort George had been nailed
to the staff and the latter was then made as slippery as pos
sible. The emblem of tyranny was soon removed, however,
and the American flag hoisted in its place.
? Carleton was born in Strabane, Ireland, 1722; was with Amherst at
the siege of Louisburg, 1758; in 1774, became governor-general of the
Province of Quebec; in command of the city of Quebec, I77S, when the
latter was besieged by Montgomery; was superseded in 1777 by Burgoyne;
was made commander-in-chief of the British forces in America, 1781.
He is believed to have sailed for England immediately upon the surrender
of New York. He died in 1808.

CHAPTER IV.

The Abbe La Poterie of Boston Announces a High Mass for St
Patrick's Day, 1789 — Celebrations by the Boston Charitable Irish Society
after the Revolution — President Mackay's Address to the Organization
in 1784 — Anniversary Meetings in 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797, and Other Years
— ^The Society Waits upon President Andrew Jackson, Who Replies to
in Address.
A religious service in honor of St. Patrick took place in
Boston in 1789. It was held by Abbe de la Poterie,* who
is considered to have been the first resident Catholic clergy
man of that place. He announced that " On the 17th of
March, next, [1789], there will be sung at 11 o'clock A.M.,
a high mass in musick to honor St. Patrick, apostle of Ire
land. All persons, particularly the Catholics, are desired to
attend and join to our prayers for the propagation of the
faith." On St. Patrick's Day, 1800, ground was broken in
Boston for the new church of the Holy Cross. It is stated
that the work was done " in the evening. When a number of
Catholics began to excavate the grounds preparatory to the
erection of a church."
Recurring to the Charitable Irish Society of Boston, we
find its meetings suspended during the Revolution. A meet
ing was held Feb. 21, 1775, and the next entry we find is Oct.
26, 1784. At this latter meeting President William Mackay f
* " Claudius Florent Bouchard de la Poterie, doctor of divinity, Pro
thonotary of the Holy Church and of the Holy See of Rome, Apostolic
Vice-Prefect and Missionary, curate of the Catholic Church of the Holy
Cross at Boston in North America "—thus the Abbe announced himself
on his arrival in Boston.
t Described in the Boston Directory, 1789, as a " gentleman." In 1772
he was appointed on a committee to draw up a statement of the rights
and grievances of the colony. In 1776, he was made a member of the
committee of correspondence, safety and inspection.

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 37
made the following address, as recorded in the proceeding?
of the organization :
" Gent", Members of the Charitable Irish Society, I con
gratulate you on this Joyful Occasion, that we are as
sembled again after Ten years absence occasioned by a
Dreadful and Ruinous war of near Eight years; also that
we have Conquered One of the greatest and most potent
Nations on the Globe so far as to have peace and Inde
pendency. May our friends. Countrymen in Ireland, Behave
like the Brave Americans till they recover their Liberties."
The following extracts refer to subsequent meetings of
the Society on St. Patrick's Day :
1794, March 17th Voted, That this be the annual meeting
for the present year & that the annual meeting in future be
on the 17th day of March instead of the second Tuesday in
April, and the other meetings as usual.
Upon motion of Mr. Gardiner, — ^Voted that a Sum not
exceeding three pounds be appropriated to purchase School
Books for poor Children of Irish Extraction, & that the
President, Vice President & Secretary be a committee for
that purpose.
i795» Ja^n- 13th. At a Meeting, at the Shakespeare
Hotel : Voted, That the same Committee in the Name of the
Society Invite the Rev*- Belknap * to Dine with Dr. Jeremy
them on the day of our Annual Feast, and that the same
Committee in the Name of the Society have Liberty to In
vite one other Gentleman of the Clergy of this Town also to
Dine with them at the same time.
Voted, That the above Committee be empowered to in
vite Twelve other Gentlemen, not members of the Society,
to Dine at our Table at our Annual Feast they being account
able for the expense.
1795, March 17th. At a Meeting at the Long Room-
Theatre: The Committee appointed to Invite two Gentle-
* Pastor of the Federal Street Church, Boston; a patriot of the Revo
lution; founder of the Massachusetts Historical Society; an overseer of
Harvard University.

38

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

men of the Clergy of Boston to dine with the Society on this
day. Introduced the Rev" Doc* Belknap & Rev" Doc'
Howard. 1796, March 17th. According to the records, the meeting
on St. Patrick's Day, this year, was held at " Mr. Mahoney's,
Federal street."
1797, Jan. 10. At a meeting held this date it was voted to
have " A Dinner on St. Patrick's day & the following gent"
to provide it — ^viz' — Simon Elliot, Esqr., Capt. Danl.
McNeill, Mr. Thomas English. Voted The above committee
prepare such Toasts as the occasion may Require. Voted
That the above committee be authorized to admit such
Gent" as may appear proper subjects for the Celebration,
they paying their own Club.
1799, Jan. 8. " Voted, that the Secretary shall be directed
to offer a Subscription paper to the members of the Society
for the Celebration of St. Patrick, and if a sufficient number
be obtained in the opinion of a Committee that shall be ap
pointed, to Order a Dinner, Monday the i8th of March next
at James Vila's, — And to meet at 12 o'clock, to Transact the
Annual Business, & to Dine at half -past Two, P.M. Voted
that a Committee be appointed to nominate the Gen" who
shall be invited to the Celebration of St. Patrick." In accord
ance with this latter vote, the follow'"* were named as the
committee: Simon EUiot, Robert Gardner,* W° Mackay,
Jr., and Thomas Neil.
The Society has continued to annually observe the anni
versary to the present day. In 1802, the organization dined
" at James Vila's "; and in 1803, " at Robert McCormick's."
At a meeting on March 13, 1806, it was voted that " The
Secretary send invitations to the Rev'd Clergymen, viz't
Doct. Francis A. Matignon, John Cheverus & John Murray.
Voted, The Secretary insert the time of Dinner on the Noti
fications, half-past 2 o'clock P. M."
On March 17, 181 5, the meeting was held at the Exchange
* He fumished the town of Boston a ship on which " to send home ''
a " true account " of the Boston massacre, of November s, 1770.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY

39

Coffee House. A committee, consisting of Thomas O. Self
ridge, Shubael Bell and Capt. James Magee, was appointed
to inform Gen. Simon EUiot of his election to the presidency
of the Society.
The committee to arrange for the Charitable Irish So
ciety's celebration in 1816 consisted of Abraham Strong,
Walter Welsh, WiUiam Lennon and John Beane. The com
mittee was empowered to invite " John Cheverus, D.D.,
Bishop; F. A. Matignon, D.D.; Rev'd Asa Eaton; EngHsh,
French & Spanish Consuls."
At a meeting Dec. 15, 1816, it was " Voted, the foUowing
members be a Committee, to Request the Right Rev'd
Bishop Cheverus to address the Society on the anniversary
of the Holy St. Patrick, 181 7, and that there be a CoUection
made for the Relief of the Poor." The committee was thus
made up: Shubael Bell, Capt. James Magee, Gen. Simon
Elliot and Thomas English. The event thus provided for
was happily carried out and Bishop Cheverus was requested
" the favour of his giving the Society a copy of the discourse
he delivered on the 17th day of March, 1817."
On March 17, 1822, Rev. William Taylor * preached " in
the Catholic Church." The collection realized $43, which
amount was presented the Society to be devoted to its chari
table work. The Society met as usual that year and duly cele
brated the anniversary.
In 1825, the Society met at the Exchange Coffee House
and adopted a vote of thanks to " the Rev. William Taylor,
Rector of the Catholic Church in Boston, for the sum of
Thirty Dollars and sixty Cents presented to the Society by
him, which was collected in the CathoUc Church," that day.
Speaking of the Society's celebration on St. Patrick's Day,
1832, the U. S. " Catholic Intelligencer," Boston, says under
date of March 23, that year : " A solemn High Mass was
sung in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross by the Very Rev.
* Educated at Trinity College, Dublin; became a Catholic; studied at
Maynooth, and was ordained to the priesthood in the Cathedral, New
York; was appointed vicar-general by Bishop Cheverus of Boston.

EARLY CELEBRATIONS
40 Dr. O'Flaherty,* and a very appropriate discourse delivered
by the Rev. Mr. Healy. The amount of the coUection taken
up on the occasion ($58) was generously handed over by the
Right Rev. Bishop Fenwick in aid of the funds of the Irish
Charitable Society, who assembled at the Exchange Coffee
House to transact their annual business, when the following
gentlemen were appointed to fill the different offices of the
Society for the ensuing year : — President, Andrew Dunlap.f
Esq., U. S. Attorney; Vice president, Mr. John M'Namara;
Treasurer, Mr. W" Gleeson; Keeper of the Silver Key, Dr.
S. H. Smith ; Secretary, Mr. James Reily. At 5 o'clock the
Members and Guests sat down to dinner prepared in Mr.
Davenport's best style — ^the Hall was elegantly decorated.'?
" The Jesuit," Boston, March, 1833, states that on St. Pat^
rick's day that year. High Mass was celebrated at the Cathe
dral in Boston by " Rev. Mr. Tyler " and that " Rev. Mr.
Drummond " delivered an excellent panegyric in honor of the
Saint. " The Jesuit," just quoted, in its issue of March 22, 1834,
states that " The Charitable Irish Society celebrated their
anniversary at the Howard Street House, on Monday, the
17th inst. The following gentlemen were chosen officers
for the ensuing year: President, Richard W. Roche; Vice
president, Dennis W. O'Brien; Treasurer, Rev. P. Byrne;
Keeper of the Silver Key, Daniel O'CaUaghan; Secretary,
John Mackey. The Society sat down to dinner at four
o'clock." Andrew Jackson, then president of the United States,
visited Boston in June, 1833, and located at the Tremont
House. On the 22d of the month, the Charitable Irish So
ciety proceeded to that hotel and was cordially received by
* Thomas J. O'Flaherty,— a native of Kerry, Ireland; became a physi
cian; ordained to the Catholic priesthood, in 1829, by Bishop Fenwick,
of Boston, Mass.; was editor of " The Jesuit," a Boston journal; published
a translation of Joseph de Maistre's " Spanish Inquisition." '
t Andrew Dunlap was the son of John DHmlap an " Irish merchant of
Salem," Mass. Andrew was born in 1794, and removed to Boston in
1820. From 1829 to 1835 he was U. S. District Attorney.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 41
him. The event took place at 9:30 in the evening. The
members were collectively and individuaUy introduced to
President Jackson, by Col. Prescott, and President James
Boyd * of the Society then delivered an address of respect
and congratulation, to which President Jackson feelingly re
plied. Mr. Boyd in his address to President Jackson said : f
" Sir : — ^The Members of the Charitable Irish Society of
this City, have with much anxiety sought this interview and
now feel very proud in having an opportunity afforded of
paying their respects to you personally. Your name, Sir, has
so long been familiar to them, a subject of the highest admira
tion to many, and of kind respect to aU, that they thought
they would be guilty of inhospitality, (a crime which Irishmen
do not wish to be chargeable with,) did they allow this occa
sion to pass without visiting you in a body. This Society, Sir,
is comprised exclusively of Irishmen and their direct de
scendants, a class of citizens in this community, not opulent,
but I may be allowed to say industrious. We are all. Sir,
working bees in the hive. We fill the place now, that was
once occupied by men who have done the State some service
in times of peril and danger, men who did not withdraw
themselves from the ranks fighting the battles of Liberty, nor
ever withhold the most zealous support of the Constitution
and Laws and Magistrates of this our adopted Country.
" We hope. Sir, the present generation has not fallen off
from the standing maintained by their fathers, and that if oc
casion required, the motto % on our Banner would be a prom
ise which would be willingly performed at any time. As I
have already remarked. Irishmen have never been backward
in giving support to the institutions of this Country, nor in
* James Boyd was born in Ireland, 1793. He died in Boston, 1855;
brought up a Presbyterian, he passed away a Unitarian. In 1821, he
obtained a patent on fire hose, and subsequently became an extensive
manufacturer of that class of goods. The firm became James Boyd &
Sons and engaged extensively in the making of fire department supplies.
They also made military equipments under contract with the national
government. t From the published records of the society.
X " Fostered under thy wings, we will die in thy defence."

42 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
showing due respect to the Chief Magistrate thereof, but
when the highest Office is held by the son of an Irishman,
we must be allowed to indulge in some feelings of pride as
well as patriotism. As this is your first visit to the Northern
portion of the Union, permit us to hope. Sir, that you may
find much here to please you, that you will return with a
knowledge that this community is an industrious, a prosper
ous and a happy one, and as we hope the welfare of Irishmen ,
is a subject not uninteresting to you, we may be allowed to
say that here we are generally contented. We do' our part
towards the support of all public institutions and receive a full
share of their benefits.
" Allow me, Sir, to hope that you may have a safe and
pleasant journey till you again reach the centre of the Nation,
and that the remainder of your life may be as long and happy,
as the past has been briUiant and successful."
President Jackson replied to the foregoing as follows : " I
feel much gratified, Sir, at this testimony of respect shown me
by the Charitable Irish Society of this City. It is with great
pleasure that I see so many of the Countrymen of my Father
assembled on this occasion. I have always been proud * of
my ancestry and of being descended from that noble race,
and rejoice that I am so nearly allied to a country which has
so much to recommend it to the good wishes of the world;
would to God, Sir, that Irishmen on the other side of the
great water, enjoyed the comforts, happiness, contentment
* Jackson was a member of the Hibernian Society, of Philadelphia.
His certificate read:
" These are to Certify that M. G. Adw. Jackson has been admitted
a Member of the Hibernian Society, for the relief of Emigrants from Ire
land, established in the city of Philadelphia and incorporated agreeably
to law; and he having paid the sums required by the Rules and Regula
tions of the said Society is entitled to Membership during his Life.
" Witness the hand of the President the twenty-third D!ay of March,
1819. "J. Tagert, President.
"Attest: James Rogers, Secretary."
This certificate was recently, and probably still is, possessed by the
Ladies' Hermitage Association, Nashville, Tenn.~

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 43
and liberty, that they enjoy here. I am well aware. Sir, that
Irishmen have never been backward in giving their support
to the cause of liberty. They have fought. Sir, for this Coun
try valiantly, and I have no doubt would fight again were it
necessary, but I hope it will be long before the institutions of
our Country need support of that kind; accept my best wishes
for the happiness of you all."
As the Society was preparing to retire. President Jackson
took Mr. Boyd's hand and said : " I am somewhat fatigued,
Sir, as you may notice, but I cannot allow you to part with
me till I again shake hands with you, which I do for yourself
and the whole Society. I assure you, Sir, there are few cir
cumstances that have given me more heartfelt satisfaction
than this visit. I shall remember it with pleasure, and I hope
you. Sir, and all your Society will long enjoy health and
happiness." On St. Patrick's Day, 1835, the Charitable Irish Society
dined at the Howard Street House, Boston, " where the Ub
eral host, Mr. Ryan, supplied a profuse dinner, in which were
comprised all the delicacies and substantial peculiar to Irish
hospitality." Letters were received from Commodore
Downes, Hon. Edward Kavanagh,* Rt. Rev. Bishop Fen
wick, Hon. Thomas Kinnicutt, Robert Winthrop,! Esq., and
other prominent gentlemen.
On St. Patrick's Day, 1837, one hundred years after its
organization, the Charitable Irish Society observed its cen
tennial anniversary, but that is spoken of hereafter in another
chapter. *This was probably Hon. Edward Kavanagh of Maine who was a
member of Congress, 1831 to 1835 ; chargt d'affaires in Portugal until 1842,
and acting-governor of Maine, 1842-43. His father was a native of the
County Wexford, Ireland, and in 1780 immigrated to Boston.
t Doubtless, Hon. Robert C. Winthrop, the statesman and orator.

CHAPTER 'V.
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York— The
Society Instituted on March 17, 1784— Daniel McCormick the Founder
of the Organization — Many People of Prominence Members of the Society
—Fidelity to the Memory of St. Patrick a Leading Trait— Many Note
worthy Celebrations Held.
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Paitrick in the City
of New York dates from 1784. In that year it was insti
tuted by Daniel McCormick, a prominent New York mer
chant. In a brief review * of the Society published in 1896,
it is stated of the organization that tradition connects its
origin with Irish officers of the American Revolutionary
Army, and that the Society's " first dinner was given on the
St. Patrick's Day following the evacuation of New York, by
the British, in 1783."
" Its charter," the account continues, " was granted by the
Legislature on February 13, 1827. It is a benevolent and
patriotic society of Irishmen and their descendants of every
shade of political and religious belief. It was founded to
assist unfortunate and distressed natives of Ireland in the
city of New York. Out of it grew the Irish Emigrant
Society and the Emigrant Industrial Sayings Bank. Uniting
to the charitable and humane the friendly and social feelings,
it seeks to keep ever vigorous the love of Ireland and of the
Irish character. It celebrates the festival of Saint Patrick
as a national and immemorial custom, to commemorate the
glory of Ireland, to drop a tear upon her sorrows and to
express a hope for her regeneration.
" It has entertained the most illustrious and distinguished
* In an account of the " One Hundred and Twelfth Anniversary Dinner
of the Friendly Sons of Saint Patrick in the City of New York," 1896.
See also the Manual of the Friendly Sons for 1899.

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 45
guests at its banquets. Among its members have been repre
sentatives of the great merchants, business and professional
men of the city, and of the bench and bar. To pass over the
living, on its rolls appear the names of Alexander Macomb,
Hugh Gaine, William Constable, Dominick Lynch, Thomas
Addis Emmet, Robert J. DiUon, Joseph Stuart, Richard Bell,
William Kelly, David J. Graham,* Charles O'Conor, James T.
Brady, John R. Brady, Dr. Robert Hogan, Dr. William Mac-
neven. Very Rev. Dr. John Power, Thomas W. Clerke,
Daniel Devlin, Henry L. Hoguet, Eugene Kelly and Richard
O'Gorman, to mention but a few of the many distinguished
citizens of New York who are there enrolled." Now in its
second century of existence, the society " still flourishes and
serves the traditions of Irish charity and hospitality."
The first banquet under the auspices of the organization, is
stated * to have taken place at " Cape's Tavern " March 1 7,
1784. The tavern just mentioned was located at what is now
115 Broadway. Speaking of this banquet, the N. Y. " Packet
and Advertiser " of March 18, 1784, says: " Yesterday, being
the anniversary of St. Patrick, his patriotic sons met at Cape's
Tavern, where they gave an elegant entertainment to his
Excellency the Governor, Lieut.-Governor, Chancellor and a
number of other respectable gentlemen of this State. The
day and evening were spent in festivity and mirth, and a num
ber of suitable toasts were drank upon this joyful occasion.
The greatest unanimity and conviviality pervaded this numer
ous and jovial company, and perhaps this great Saint was
never honoured with a concourse of more generous and truly
patriotic sons than this assembly afforded."
In 1785, the Friendly Sons observed St. Patrick's Day by
dining at " The Coffee House," conducted by Mr. Bradford,
in Water street, near Wall street. They dined there again
in 1786, the N. Y. " Daily Advertiser " stating that " Yester
day the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in the
State of New York, held their anniversary meeting at the
Coffee-House, where an elegant dinner was provided by Mr.
* See Manual of the Society, 1899, pp. 5, 6, 49.

-6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Bradford — The company were numerous and respectable;
and the day spent with that decorum and hilarity, so truly
characteristic of this friendly society."
Speaking of this observance, the " Independent Journal,"
March i8, and the N. Y. " Packet," March 20, 1786, inform
their readers that " The anniversary of Saint Patrick, patron
of the Irish nation, was on Friday celebrated with great festiv
ity by our worthy friends of that kingdom : A very elegant
entertainment was provided at Mr. Bradford's Coffee-House,
at which were present His Excellency the Governor, the
Lieutenant Governor, the Chancellor, Chief Justice, Judge
Hobart, the Mayor, Recorder, and many other persons of
distinction. — The day and evening passed with that convivial
spirit which ever distinguished the true Milesian."
In 1788, the Friendly Sons, it is stated,* dined at the Mer
chants' Coffee House, at the Southeast corner of Wall and
Water streets. The N. Y. " Journal & Patriotic Register,"
March 18, that year notes two celebrations, the first of which
is believed to refer to the Friendly Sons. The " Register's "
mention thus reads :

St. Patrick.

Yesterday, being the anniversary of the Tutelar Saint of
Ireland, a number of gentlemen of that nation, assembled at
the Merchants' Coffee-House, in this city, where they par
took of an elegant entertainment, drank a number of toasts,
and " liberally good cheer did bestow."
A company also met at Corre's.

The N. Y. " Packet," speaking of the observance in 1788,
states that a large company assembled " at the Coffee house "
but does not mention " Merchants'." The reference appears
in the " Packet," of March 18, that year, and states that
" Yesterday being the anniversary of St. Patrick, the Tutelar
Saint of Ireland, a large company of gentlemen, natives of
* Manual of the Friendly Sons, 1899.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY

47

that country, assembled at the Coffee-House ; where a genteel
entertainment was provided, and which was well conducted.
True festive mirth and hilarity were displayed at this con
vivial board."
Then, for a number of years, — 1789 to 1794 — the Friendly
Sons dined on each St. Patrick's Day at the City Tavern.
The N. Y. " Daily Gazette," March 18, 1789, observes that
" Yesterday, being the Anniversary of St. Patrick, the tutelar
Saint of Ireland, was observed with the usual festivity and
good-humour at the City-Tavern.* Many of those present
doubtless experienced those sensations, which piety towards
their former country must have excited; but all must have
acknowledged the liberality of that land, which is willing to
receive, and to convert into free Americans the worthy na
tives of every region. Their regard to their former country,
by evincing their sensibility, affords a proof of attachment to
the State of New York, who, in being a benefactress, lays
claim, and is entitled, to their respect and veneration."
The " Gazette " then gives the following explanation of the
shamrock as an Irish emblem :
" Why the Shamrock is worn in honour of St. Patrick's
memory is a circumstance not generally known by the people
of this country, and perhaps, indeed, by but a very few. When
instructing one of the Princes of Ireland and his famfly in the
principles of the Christian Faith, the doctrine of the Trinity
seemed so incomprehensible to the Irish Chief, that he was
going to give up aU further thoughts of becoming a convert
— ^when our patron Saint, plucking a Shamrock, demon
strated to him, from three leaves proceeding from one stalk
or stem, that the Three Persons in the Godhead were the
emanations, and proceeding from one grand fountain or
principle; upon which he immediately ordered himself and
family to be baptized."
The N. Y. "Daily Advertiser," March 18, 1791, says:
" Yesterday, being the 17th of March, the Festival of St. Pat-
*This event is believed to have been under the auspices of the
Friendly Sons.

48

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

rick was celebrated in this city, by a numerous assemblage of
the true and respectable sons of that honest patron of Hiber-
nia's Isle. The utmost harmony, decent mirth, social glee,
and jovial good humour were as usual observed on this oc
casion ; and the company broke up in due season, after enjoy
ing with great and general satisfaction
"  The friendly bowl.
The feast of reason, and the flow of soul."
The N. Y. "Journal & Patriotic Register," March i8, 1796,
informs its readers that " The general Festival of St. Patrick
was celebrated yesterday, by the Sons of Hibernia in this city,
with the usual hilarity & social glee. We have not been
favored with the toasts which were drank on the occasion."
In the " Daily Advertiser," March 16, 1798, this notice
appears : St. Patrick's Society.
The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick will please to take notice, that their Anniversary
Dinner will be held at the Tontine Coffee House on Satur
day 17th inst.
Dinner on the table at 4 o'clock. Robert R. WaddeU.

In the " Daily Advertiser," March 16, 1799, appears this
notice :

St. Patrick's Society.

The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick will please to take notice that their Anniversary
Dinner will be held at the Tontine Coffee House on Monday
the I Sth of March, at 4 o'clock. Robert R. WaddeU, Sec'ry.

From 179s to 1803, the Friendly Sons observed the Anni
versary by a dinner each year at the Tontine Coffee House,
northwest corner of Wall and Water streets. On St. Pat-

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 49
rick's Day, 1804, the Sons dined at " the Old Coffee House,"
Water street near Wall, while in 1805, they feasted at the
" Tontine Coffee House." In 1806, they also dined at the
Tontine, while in 1807, they held their anniversary dinner at
the Phoenix Coffee House, Wall street. In 1808, they
changed to Mechanics' Hall, northwest corner of Broadway
and Park Place. In 1809, and from then to 181 5, inclusive,
the anniversary dinners of the Friendly Sons took place at
the Tontine again.
In 1 810, Secretary Waddell said that " The members of
the Society of the friendly sons of St. Patrick, will please to
take notice, that their Anniversary Dinner will be held at
the Tontine Coffee House, on Saturday the 17th inst. Din
ner on the table at 4 o'clock."
Among the guests of the Society at this dinner in 1810 was
Francis James Jackson, whose presence seems to have evoked
considerable adverse criticism. Mr. Jackson was minister
from England in 1809, but was recalled at the request of the
U. S. government, his successor arriving here Aug. 31, 1810.
Jackson having been identified with the bombardment of
Copenhagen was alluded to by his American opponents as
" Copenhagen " Jackson. The N. Y. " Columbian," March
17, 1810, calls attention to the fact that he is to be a guest of
the Society and works itself up into quite a display of im
potent wrath. Thus it declares :
" News — and no news ! Mr. Copenhagen Jackson dines
with the loyal society of St. Patrick at the Tontine to-day,
after all. It must be expressly understood that the Hibernian
Provident Society have not disgraced themselves, and insulted
the country of their choice, by admitting a single thought
of licking the feet of this disgraced minister. Let the odium
rest where it belongs. Irish royalists! Orangemen! Excel
lent citizens of the United States, and supporters of a repub
lican government."
Some unknown gentleman hiding himself under the nom-
de-plume of "A Paddy And No More," also became violently
afflicted and dashed off a vitrioHc article which he pubHshed

eo EARLY CELEBRATIONS
in " The Columbian," of March 20, 1810. In this article he
draws heavily upon the English language's supply of strong
expressions. He very plainly is of opinion that there is but
one side to the question and that he is in possession of that
side. Those who desire to read his production in detail wiU
find it in " The Columbian " of the date mentioned.
Either this same gentleman or another favors " The Public
Advertiser " of the same date with another communication
on the subject. The writer becomes facetious, alludes to the
organization as the " Harp and Crown Society " and indulges
in other supposedly humorous remarks. In his communica
tion to the " Advertiser " he says : " It appears that at the
dinner given by the, Harp and Crown society, in honor of Mr.
Jackson, the festivity was interrupted by a lack of wine ! The
quantum alloted to each having been expended by a succes
sion of loyal and royal toasts. Some of the genteel men not
being satisfied with this, repaired to the Union Hotel, where
the sons of Erin had assembled in honor of their Saint, and
notwithstanding the insult which the Jacksonites had just
been offering to their country, their situation was commiser
ated and they were treated with that hospitality which char
acterizes the Irish Nation."
A third communication on the subject also saw the light.
" The Columbian," March 22, 1810, was the medium, the
communication being headed " St. Patrick and Mr. Cheet
ham." Fame has not handed down the author's name.
Among other things, he remarks : " We have some difficulty
in believing a report we have heard, that the committee who
invited Copenhagen Jackson to a dinner at the Tontine
coffee house, on the 17th inst., had also requested the pres
ence of Mr. Cheetham. * * * We maintain that Mr.
Cheetham is as great as Mr. Jackson, and as much entitled
to the compliments and respect of every mean retainer of his
Britannic majesty. If Mr. Jackson is insolent, so is Mr.
Cheetham; and who can venture to decide between them?"
The unknown further continues by speaking of the " society
misnaming itself of St. Patrick, but to which we ofifer gratis

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 51
this more appropriate appellation of West Britainers." At
last there came a time when these fervid communications
seem to have ended.
"The Evening Post" (N. Y.), March 16, 1812, announces
that " The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will
celebrate their Anniversary at the Washington Hotel, Broad'-
street. Dinner 4 o'clock."
The " Post," Feb. 27, 1813, states that " The Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick are requested to meet at the Tontine Coffe6
House, on Monday next, ist March at 12 o'clock to elect
officers and transact other business." In the same paper,
March 13, 1813, appears the following:

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
The members are informed that their Anniversary Dinner
will be on Wednesday the 17th inst. at the Tontine Coffee
House. Dinner at 4 o'clock. N. M'Vicker, Secretary.
In "The Evening Post," of March 3, 1815, this is pub
lished : Thfe Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
The Members will please to take notice that the Annual
Meeting of the Society will be held at the Tontine Coffee
House, on Monday the 6th March, at 12 o'clock.*
N. M'Vickar, Sec'ry.

A notice in the N. Y. " Gazette," March i, 1816, states that
" The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, are re
quested to attend the Annual Meeting, on Monday the 4th
March, at the Tontine Coffee House at 12 o'clock."
The Society dined, on St. Patrick's Day, that year, at
Washington Hall, now 280 Broadway. In 181 7 the annual
* On some occasions this name is spelled McVicker and again,
McVickar.

52 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
meeting was held March 3, " at the Tontine Coffee House "
andthe anniversary dinner , March 17, at the same place, the
notice being signed by " J. Montgomery, sec'ry."
In 1819, as stated in " The Columbian," March 19: " The
Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick had their Anni
versary Dinner on Wednesday, at the Bank Coffee House,
which was furnished in Mr. Niblo's most splendid style, to a
very numerous company; and to which were invited his
honor the Mayor, the principal officers of the army and navy
in this port, Commodores Chauncey, and Perry, &c. —
Mer. Adv."
In " The Columbian," March 4, 1820, appeared this notice:

The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick
Are to meet at the Bank Coffee House, on Monday Even
ing, the 6th inst., at 7 o'clock, to choose officers for the en
suing year, and transact other business. Punctual attendance
of all resident members is particularly requested.
J. Montgomery, Sec'y.

In 1820, the Anniversary dinner again took place at the
Bank Coffee House, southeast corner of Pine and WiUiam
streets. On March 3, 1821, "The Columbian" says that
" The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick are to meet at the Bank
Coffee-House on Monday Evening, the 5th inst. at 7 o'clock,
to choose Officers for the ensuing year, and transact other
business," and in " The- Advertiser," March 17, 1 821, we find
the following :

Notice.

The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick wUl dine
this day at the Bank Coffee-House, at 4 o'clock precisely.
Harris Blood,
Secretary.

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y

S3

In 1822 and 1823, Secretary Blood issued a similar notice
for the anniversary dinner, the latter taking place at the Bank
Coffee House in each case.
The dinner in 1824, was thus announced in " The Gazette,"
of March 16 : 
Festival of St. Patrick.
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will hold
their Anniversary Meeting at the Bank Coffee-House, on
Wednesday next, 17th inst. Dinner on the table at 4 o'clock
precisely. The members will please to apply for Tickets to
the following Stewards :
David Andrews John Caldwell
John Nicholson John Charters
The Members of the Society are requested to attend an
Adjourned Meeting on Tuesday Evening, the i6th inst. at
7 o'clock, at the Bank Coffee-House. Harris Blood, Secretary.

In " The Gazette," March 5, 1825, the quarterly meeting
of the Society is thus announced :

Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
The quarterly meeting of this Society will be held on Mon
day evening next, the 7th inst. at the Bank Coffee House, at
7 o'clock precisely. Punctual attendance is requested, as the
election for Officers for the ensuing year, and other business
of importance, will be brought before the meeting. By
order : Harris Blood, Secretary.

" The Gazette " has the following notice in March, 1825 :

Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
St. Patrick's Day
Will be celebrated on Thursday, 17th inst. at the Bank
Coffee House. The members will please apply for Dinner
Tickets to either of the Stewards : Mess. Kernochan, Cald
well, Laverty, Moorehead, or Kyle.

54

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY

In March, 1826, the following appeared in the " Commer
cial Advertiser " (N. Y.) :

St. Patrick's Day.
The Society of the Friendly Soris of St. Patrick, will dine
at the Bank Coffee House the 17th inst. Dinner on the table
at half past 4 o'clock.
Members will please apply for tickets to either
David Andrews
Joseph Kernochan
Wm. Kyle
Andrew Gray
John Charters Stewards. '

In the " Cotnmercial Advertiser " (N. Y.), March 16, and
the "New York Advertiser," March 17, 1827, is the .fol
lowing :

St. Patrick's Day. — The Society of the " Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick " will dine at the Bank Coffee House on the 17th
inst. — Dinner on the table at half past four o'clock. — Mem
bers will please apply for their Tickets to either

Thos. Suffern
M. Muldon
Wm. Kyle
David Andrews
S. M. Charters

*¦ Stewards.

CHAPTER VI.
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Continued)
— A Notable Celebration on March 17, 1828 — The Decorations described
in Detail — Commodore Chauncey among the Guests at the Celebration
in 1829 — Deputation received from the Association for Civil and Religious
Liberty — A Toast to the Venerable Daniel McCormick.
On Friday, Feb. 29, 1828, Joseph Alexander, then secre
tary of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, an
nounced through the " Evening Post " that " The annual
meeting for the election of officers of the Society for the en
suing year will be held at the Bank Coffee House on Monday
evening next at 7 o'clock."
On March 1 5, that year, he announced that " The Society
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will celebrate their Anni
versary on Monday, the 17th of March instant, at the Bank
Coffee House. Dinner at 4 o'clock."
The celebration took place as planned, the " Evening
Post," March 18, 1828, containing this report concerning
the same, viz. :
" St. Patrick's Society. — ^Yesterday the St. Patrick's So
ciety celebrated the anniversary of their titular saint at the
Bank Coffee House. The long room, in which the society
dined, was tastefully decorated with transparencies and other
designs, emblematic of the occasion, prepared by Mr. Child,
and executed by Messrs. Snook and Young, and put up un
der their direction. At the head of the room, in the centre,
was a transparency, representing St. Patrick in Bishop's cos
tume. On each side were arranged the flags of Ireland and
of the United States, with the banners of St. George and of
St. Andrew, interspersed by sundry insignia from Brian Bo-
roihme. At the other end of the room was erected an arch
supported by a column at each extremity.

5 6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
" This arch and the columns were decorated with various
flags. A broad ribband passed in a spiral manner around the
columns and arch, bearing on the parts seen, the following
names : — Sterne, Swift, Burke, Sheridan, Montgomery, Grat
tan, Moore, Curran, Parnell, Farquhar. Over these were
suspended two banners in mourning, bearing the name of
Clinton on the right, and that of Emmet on the left; the
whole surmounted by an eagle, with extended wings, uniting
and protecting the Irish harp and the shield of the United
States. In his claws were the olive branch and a bunch of
arrows, and in his mouth a garland of shamrock. The ceil
ing and sides of the room were tastefully hung with festoons
of green, blue, red, and white bunting. Over the head of
St. Patrick, on a green ground, was inscribed Erin go Bragh.
The dinner table was handsomely arranged in Mr. Niblo's
very best style, and was loaded with good substantial roast
beef, &c., and every delicacy that the season affords. The
society sat down to dine about 5 o'clock, and in the course of
the evening a number of excellent toasts, regular and volun
teers, were given from the chair, interspersed with patriotic
songs." On March 19, 1828, the " Evening Post " continues its
report and says :

St. Patrick's Society
We had not time yesterday to give the toasts drank at the
St. Patrick Society Anniversary. About 70 gentlemen sat
down to a most sumptuous dinner. Among the respected
guests were Thomas Dixon and Robt. Halliday, Esqrs.,
Presidents of St. George and St. Andrew's Societies, James
Buchanan, Esq., British Consul, the highly talented Mr.
Galt, the Scottish novelist. Rev. Mr. Levins, and N. Deve
reux, Esq., President of the Utica Hibernian Society.
John Chambers, Esq. President.
Joseph Kernochan, ist Vice President.
Joseph Caldwell, 2d Vice President.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 57
Joseph Alexander, Secretary.
J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer.
Thomas Cleary, "^
R. A. Fitzgerald, ! Acting Stewards.
Jas. Buchanan, jr.,
Charles Ingham, J
John Wilson, David Andrews, Wm. James, Michael Mul-
den, Thos. Suffern, and John W. Wright, Committee of
Charity. Toasts From The Chair.
I— The Day.
2 — The memory of the Saint who planted the Shamrock,
Who instructed your forefathers how to improve
Each feeling connected with friendship and love.
3 — The President of the United States.
4 — The King of Great Britain and Ireland.
5 — The memory of the Ulustrious DeWitt Clinton — Nearly
forty years a member of our Society.
" Molaidisa hoihreachac "
The 2d Vice President being called upon for a translation
of these words, gave in pure English,
His works speak his fame,
And poetically
From Tara's Halls far fam'd in story.
Where Erin's bards sung Erin's glory,
To Hudson's banks and Erie's shore.
Where cataracts unceasing roar,
The deeds he wrought, the works he plann'd,
The love he bore his native land
Shall through the world extend his fame.
And ever honor Clinton's name.
6 — The Societies of the Rose, the Thistle and the Sham
rock — May a brotherhood of feeling, of object and regard,
ever unite them.

58 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
7— -The memory of Thomas Addis Emmet— A briUiant
star which, rising in the East, and setting in the Western
Hemisphere, assisted by its brightness in dispelling the mists
of prejudice, that had too generally prevailed against the
Irish character.
8 — Education — may its blessings untrammelled be ex
tended through our Native Land, and the enthusiasm of the
best hearts in the world be tempered by the Ught of science.
9 — The Land we left and the. Land we live in, each con
secrated to our feelings and dear to our hearts.
IO — Literary Institutions — May our present and future
statesmen emulate the example of our late lamented Gov
ernor, by promoting and fostering them.
1 1 — Greece — Her cause is the cause of religion, of freedom
and of humanity. May her supplicating hands not be ex
tended to us in vain.
12 — Our absent members — If from necessity — ^we sym
pathize; if from choice — ^we wish them reformation.
13 — The Fair of our Native and Adopted Country —
Their smiles and their blessings ever impart
Delight to the mind and peace to the heart.
Volwnteers
By the President. Our respectable guests — and may they
long continue tb enjoy the pleasures of convivial society.
Mr. Dixon and Mr. Halliday respectively returned thanks.
By the ist Vice President. Our distinguished fellow citi
zen. General Andrew Jackson. {President's March.)
By the 2d Vice President. The Canada Land Company,
and its able and talented representative, Mr. Galt, our wel
come guest.
Mr. Galt returned thanks in very appropriate and hand
some terms. (Song.)
By Mr. Dixon. This Society and its objects — the kind
motives and brotherly feelings in which it originated, and by
which it continues to be cherished.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 59
By Mr. Halliday. The Harp of Erin — By the magic hand
of Moore it thrills through every heart. (Song.)
By Mr. Ingham. Francis Johnston, President of the Royal
Hibernian Academy, whose unparalleled liberality, in giving
a splendid public building to his brother artists, shows a
beautiful specimen of Irish generosity, influenced by classic
taste. By Mr. Fitzgerald. Daniel McCormick, Esq., formerly
President of this Society for thirty years — He has now retired
from a station long filled with honor, venerated by all who
knew him. (Song.)
By the Rev. Mr. Levins. The heart-pulse of Religion —
the golden link in the chain binding the " Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick "—Charity. (Song.)
By Mr. Cleary. Irish feeling — Irish friendship — Irish
hospitality — May they, when transplanted to a foreign soil,
preserve unimpaired that bloom and vigor so characteristic
of their native growth.
You may break, you may shatter the vase, if you will,
But the scent of the roses will hang round it still.
(Song.)
By Dr. Cummings. Ireland as she ought to be, not as she
is — May no amalgamation of parties impede her march to
civil, political, and religious liberty. (Song.)
By Mr. Sandford. The emblem over our festive board
— the Eagle of Columbia hovering over the Harp of Erin —
Her broad wings sweep its strings, and its notes are harmony
and amity. Its songs were made for the pure and free^
They shall never sound in slavery. (Song.)
By the Secretary. Ireland and the United States of
America — While we cherish, with the holiest emotions, a
fond recoUection of our native isle, we respect and venerate
the institutions of the country of our adoption. (Song.)
By Mr. Mulden. Education, the light of the mind — May
it soon be the light of the world.
By Mr. Andrews. The London Hibernian Society — They

6o

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

have given us a noble example, which we shall ever endeavor
to follow.
By Dr. Hogan. Erin go Bragh ! — May the memory of her
ancient renown thrill through the souls of her children, and
impel them to renewed exertions for the redress of their
country's wrongs. (Song.)
By Mr. Dixon. The memory of George Canning, the
champion of civil and reUgious liberty.
By Mr. Devereux. The memory of Gen. Washington,
the father of our adopted country.
By Mr. M. Cochran. Andrew Jackson the son of an Irish
man — He is a brilliant luminary in the constellation of his
country, and the sons of his father's land hail him with
triumph. (Three times three — enthusiastic applause.)
By Mr. Wm. Kyle. The Hon. John Randolph, of Roanoke
— ^The man who has declared before the American people,
that he had never seen an Irish tory, or any man that had
seen one. (Song.)
By Mr. Fitzgerald. The Marquis and Marchioness of
Wellesley — May this splendid union of Irish and American
produce a closer tie of affection between the two countries.
By Mr. John Caldwell. The memory of John Oliver,
whose munificent bequest is an etemal lesson to his country
men, not to confound the abstract doctrines of theology or
politics with the extension of charity and benevolence.
" There were numerous toasts, imbued with that native wit
and taste so general among the sons of Erin. The company
separated about 12 o'clock."

Secretary Alexander had the following in the " Evening
Post," of March 2, 1829:

Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — ^A regular
Quarterly Meeting of the Society will be held this Evening
at the Bank Coffee House, at 7 o'clock, on which occasion
the annual election of officers of the Society for the ensuing

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 6l
year wiU take place. Members are requested to be prompt
in their attendance. By order Joseph Alexander, Secretary.

The Anniversary dinner March 17, 1829, was on a fine
scale, the " Evening Post," March 19, saying of it :

St. Patrick's Society. — On the 17th inst. a numerous com
pany sat down to dinner at the Bank Coffee House, where
Mr. Doran had prepared a sumptuous repast — among the
respected guests were the Rev. Mr. Levins, Thomas Dixon
and John Graham, Esqrs., Presidents of the St. George's and
St. Andrew's, James Buchanan, Esq., British Consul, Com
modore Chauncey, Col. Wilson, of the Colombian Army,
the gallant son of the patriotic Sir Robert Wilson.
John Chambers, Esq., President.
Joseph Kernochan, ist Vice President.
John Caldwell, 2d Vice President.
Thomas Cleary, Secretary.
J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer.
Toasts From The Chair
I. The Day.
2 . The memory of our patron Saint — And may the virtues
of his children be ever an honor to his name.
3. The land we left, and the land we live in — May a senti
ment of mutual respect and affection ever unite them.
4. The President of the United States.
5. The King of Great Britain and Ireland.
6. May a communion of rights and an oblivion of the past
restore peace and harmony to the land of our fathers.
7. The societies of St. George, St. Andrew, the German,
and St. Patrick — May a brotherhood of objects and of respect
ever unite them.
8. The youth of Ireland — ^Their country's hope.

62 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
9. May the restoration of liberty to Greece be the revival
of her ancient glory in arts and science.
10. The memory of John Oliver — And may the example
of his distinguished benevolence be a permanent incitement
to his countrymen.
II. The Friends of Civil and Religious Liberty all over the
world. 12. The Societies throughout the United States who meet
this day to commemorate the virtues of our patron Saint.
13. The Fair — Our solace in the hour of affliction, and the
partners of our purest joys.
There were numerous Volunteer Toasts, among which we
recollect the following:
By the President — Our respected guests, and may they
long enjoy the delights of social intercourse. •
By the 2d Vice President — The memory of our lamented
friend and member, Michael Mulden.
By the Secretary — The fair daughters of Erin
Whenever the vices the virtues assail,
May the conflict be short and the virtues prevail.
. By the Treasurer — May honest distress never knock in
vain at the door of our treasury.
By Thomas Dixon, Esq., President of St. George's — ^The
memory of the Rt. Hon. George Canning, the firm friend and
advocate of civil and religious liberty.
By John Graham, Esq., President of St. Andrew's — Ire
land as she ought to be; with equal rights, reUgious, civil
and political.
By Mr. Charters —
Hospitality to the stranger,
Forgiveness to our enemies.
But to our tried friend
Cead Mile Failte.
By Mr. Andrews — ^The people of Ireland, may their suffer
ings never sleep until they stand on the same ground which
we do — Equal rights and equal privileges.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 63
By Dr. Cuming * — May the example of the Marquis of
Anglesea, Charles Brownlow, and Mr. Dawson, of Derry,
converts to UberaUty, be followed by all the Brunswickers of
England and Ireland.
By Mr. Cassedy — May sectarian distinctions be laid on the
altar of civU and religious liberty, and consumed by the fire
of brotherly love.
By Mr. Carter — ^The patriots of Ireland wherever dis
persed, may her sons never rest satisfied until they fulfil the
obligation of their fathers by procuring an adequate and just
representation of all the people of Ireland.
The Chair was addressed by each of the guests in the most
appropriate manner, accompained by suitable toasts. To the
address, however, of the Rev. Mr. Levins we despair of doing
that justice which its brilliancy merits — ^he concluded it by
giving as a toast —
The master spirit binding man to man and earth to
heaven — the spirit of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick —
Charity. In the course of the evening, deputations were received
from and sent to the " Association for Civil and Religious
Liberty " (Wm. Jas. Macneven, M.D., President) then cele
brating the anniversary of their formation at Tammany Hall.
* This is probably the name that elsewhere appears as Dr. Cummings.

CHAPTER VII.
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Continued)
—They Celebrate the Anniversary in 1830 at the Bank Coffee House-
Twenty Trout among the Viands specially provided for the Occasion-
Interesting Description of the Anniversary Exercises in 1831— A Tribute
to Famous Irish Clans.
In 1830, the Friendly Sons held another great celebration
in honor of St. Patrick. Here is a copy of the notice, there
for, as it appeared in the N. Y. " Evening Post," March 16,
that year : 
St. Patrick's Day.
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, will cele
brate the National Anniversary, on the 17th inst. at the Bank
Coffee House, Pine st. Dinner to be on the table at half
past 4 o'clock. Tickets, four dollars each.
The members wiU please apply for tickets to any of the
following gentlemen
John Chambers, President.
John CaldweU, ist Vice-Pres.
Alexr. Charters, 2d do.

Jos. Kernockan,*
WUliam Kyle,
Harris Blood,
Dr. Trenor,
Jacob Harvey,

- Stewards.

Supplementary to the foregoing notice, the " Post " states
of this observance in 1830 :
* Correctly, Kernochan. In these extracts from old New York papers,
our rule has been to reproduce the same, verbatim. In a few cases,
however, the printers or proofreaders on the said papers allowed errors
of spelling and punctuation to creep in. In the hurry of publication, this
is not to be wondered at. Where such errors are glaring we have exer
cised the prerogative of an editor and corrected the same.

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 65
" St. Patrick's Day. — The anniversary of the patron Saint
of Ireland will be celebrated this day, by a dinner at the Bank
Coffee House, got up in the usual sumptuous style of that
establishment. Among the delicacies of the season, with
which the tables will be loaded, Mr. Doran has procured
twenty trout, from Fire Place, L. I., weighing upwards of
two pounds each. The room is tastefully decorated with
evergreens, banners, and appropriate mottos. Among the
number in large letters, in a circle over the middle of the
table, are " Sweet Home " — " The Land we live in." A ball
also to be given in the evening, in honor of the occasion, at
the Bowery Theatre."
In its issue of March 18, 1830, the " Post " gives this de
tailed report of the occasion :

" St. Patrick's Day. — ^The anniversary celebration of the
birth-day of the patron saint of Ireland was celebrated yester
day, at the Bank Coffee House, by the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, with unusual festivity. At five o'clock, about eighty
gentlemen, consisting of members of the association and in
vited guests, sat down to a table loaded with the choicest and
rarest deUcacies of the season, and arranged and decorated
in the most tasteful style. The room was also adorned with
appropriate ornaments, among which was a full length like
ness, in transparency, of the titular saint, in honor of whom
the festival was given. In the midst of the wreaths and fes
toons with which the walls were hung, the names of many
of the illustrious worthies of Great Britain and America were
inscribed, and most prominent among these were Washing
ton, Jackson, Canning, Wellington, O'Connell and Shiel.
Among the persons present by invitation, were His Honor
the Mayor, the President of St. George's Society, the Presi
dent of St. Andrew's, Mr. Buchanan, the British Consul, and
the Rev. Mr. Levins, who each addressed the meeting in a
few pertinent and compUmentary remarks. John Chambers,
Esq., President of the Society, presided on the occasion, as-

gg EARLY CELEBRATIONS
sisted by John CaldweU and Alexander Charters, Esqrs., ist
and 2d Vice Presidents."
The following were the regular toasts :
I. The Day we celebrate — May it always strengthen our
love of country. " St. Patrick's Day."
2. Saint Patrick — Emulation of his virtues is the best
test of respect to his memory. " Garryowen."
3. The land we left and the land we live in — May a senti
ment of mutual respect and affection ever unite them.
" Erin go Bragh."
4. The President of the United States. "President's
March." 5. The King of Great Britain and Ireland. " God sav6
the King."
6. May^ a community of rights and an oblivion of the past
restore peace and harmony to the land of our fathers.
" Cushlamacree." 7. Our sister societies — May a unity of feeling and of
object perpetuate their esteem for each other. "Thro'
Erin's Isle."
8. The memory of DeWitt Clinton. " Roslin Castle."
9. The memory of Thomas A. Emmet. " Oh ! breathe
not his name."
10. America, united in peace and fearless in war. " Hail
Columbia." II. May our social intercourse be ever intermixed with
sentiments of benevolence and brotherly love. " Sprig of
Shillalah." 12. The friends of civil and religious liberty, and the vener
able Bishop of Norwich. " Hail Liberty ! "
13. The Fair — our solace in misfortune, and the partners
of our purest joys. " Dear Uttle creatures, we cannot do
without you."
The following are a few of the volunteer toasts :
By the ist Vice President. — Daniel McCormick, our late
venerable President and founder of this Society^ — may his
latter days be attended with that peace and those blessings

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 67
which it has ever been his aim to diffuse among all classes of
his countrymen.
By Mr. William Kyle. — Our native Shamrock, the long
drooping and neglected companion of the Rose and the
Thistle — May its reviving vigor soon prove it as equal to
either, as its triple leaves are equal to each other.
By Mr. Fitz Gerald. — Andrew *Jacksoh — The man whose
sound sense has called from the organ of the British Govern
ment, the highest eulogium ever paid to an American Presi
dent. By His Honor the Mayor. — The gaUant Sons of Green
Erin — Their prompt, dauntless, and faithful services in the
war of Independence have immortalized their, names in the
annals of our country.
By Mr. J. Wilson. — ^Washington, Wellington and Jackson
—Striking examples that such great minds are not confined
to military talents alone.
By the President of St. George's. — The Earl of Mount-
cashel and Church reform in Ireland.
By the President of St. Andrew's. — ^The memory of the
Right Hon. Edmund Burke.
By the Rev. C. Levins. — ^The land of our fathers — Its al
tars are free; may its homes soon be happy !
By the ist Vice-President. — Doctor Doyle, Bishop of Kil
dare — The enlightened scholar, and the eloquent preacher of
peace and good will to the Catholic and Protestant.
By the 2d Vice-President. — May we ever hail this day de
voted to friendly intercourse, early recollections and benevo
lent purposes.
By Mr. E. Sparhawk. — ^The Shamrock and Shillelah —
Both emblems of Erin. With the one we crown our mirth ;
with the other we drub our enemies.
By Mr. Grinnel. — Memory of Gen. Hamilton.
The " Post " then adds : " The above are but few of the vol
unteer toasts drank on the occasion, but all that our limits
will permit us to insert. The company was regaled, at
proper intervals, with excellent music, and in the course of

6g EARLY CELEBRATIONS
the evening a great number of songs, some of them written
for the occasion, were sung, and a great number of witty
anecdotes and stories related."

We find a card, March i, 183 1, in which the Friendly Sons
are notified " that the election night for new officers will take
place on Thursday the 3d inst. at the Bank Coffee House,
at 7 o'clock." The notice appears in the " Evening Post "
and is signed by " R. A. Fitz Gerald, secretary." He re
quests a " punctual attendance." The same paper an
nounces on March 16, 1831 : " St. Patrick's Day. — ^The Asso
ciation of the Friends of Ireland and of the Friends of Liberty
of all nations, have made arrangements for dining at St.
John's Hall to-morrow, which is the anniversary of the patron
saint of Ireland. The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick dine at
the Bank Coffee House." In the same issue of the " Post,"
appears the following :

St. Patrick's Day.
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick wiU cele
brate the national anniversary by a dinner, at the Bank
Coffee House, on the 17th inst. Dinner to be on the table
at half past 4 o'clock. Gentlemen will please apply for tickets
to any of the following officers of the Society :
John Chambers, President.
John Caldwell, ist Vice Pres.
Wheaton Bradish, 2d Vice Pres.
Thomas Suffern,
Harris Blood,
William James, Jr., \. Stewards.
Alex'r Charters,
Jacob Harvey,
Dudley Persse, Secretary.

The celebration was all that could be desired. The " Even
ing Post," March 18, 183 1, quoting from the "Mercantile
Advertiser," gives this report of the proceedings :
" St. Patrick's Society— Yesterday was the anniversary of

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 69
Ireland's tutelar Saint. The Society of St. Patrick was insti
tuted in 1784, the first and leading object of which was, and is,
to administer charity to the poor and worthy. This Society,
from the time of its first President, D. M'Cormick, Esq.,
has regularly celebrated its anniversary, and among its mem
bers has ranked the names of the brightest and best of Irish
men and their descendants who have made this country their
home. The late lamented DeWitt Clinton was a member
for upwards of thirty years.
" Yesterday the Society dined at the Bank Coffee-House,
where Mr. James Doran, ' the host,' had spread a table,
laden with the richest and rarest of the season, and beautifully
ornamented with appropriate devices. The room was hung
round, in a tasteful manner, with flags and festoons ; a trans
parency of St. Patrick was ranged at the head of the room,
and at tasteful distances the names of Ireland's glorious sOns,
were placed in large characters. Take it all in all, we have
seldom seen a dining room decorated with so much beauty
and taste.
" At 5 o'clock upwards of 100 members sat down to dinner,
with several guests of distinction, among whom were John
Graham, Esq., President of the St. Andrew's Society, Joseph
Fowler, Esq., Vice President of the St. George's Society,
PhiUp Hone, Esq., President of the German Society, the
British Consul, Senor Mosquera, His Honor the Mayor, and
our worthy Collector.
" At a preparatory meeting the foUowing gentlemen were
elected officers for the ensuing year : —
" John Chambers, President.
" John CaldweU, ist Vice President.
" Wheaton Bradish, 2d Vice President.
" Thomas Suffern
" Harris Blood
" William James Jr. )- Stewards
" Alex'r Charters
" Jacob Harvey
. " Dudley Persse, Secretary.

-Q EARLY CELEBRATIONS
" When we think of this day, we cannot abstain from allud
ing to the virtues and noble character of St. Patrick, the
Saint of ' The Green Isle ' whose numerous deeds of good
ness and greatness have stamped his memory indelibly on the
hearts of Irishmen — to his influence and example Ireland
owes much — he introduced religion and learning and ad
vanced civilization in their land ; the joy and enthusiasm with
which every loyal son of Erin hails the return of this day,
bespeaks the warmth and gratitude of his heart.
" Ireland is indeed a glorious land, her people are honest,
generous and sincere. They prize their country with a de
votion unsurpassed by any nation in Christendom, and well
may they be proud of their birth-place^-it is a luxuriant and
fruitful soil. They cherish the renown of their ancestry, and
well may they be proud of the daring deeds of the O'Briens,
O'Connors, O'Mores, O'Neils and 0'Morvens[?]. They
cherish the heroism of their forefathers, and well may they
exult when they point to the imperishable glory achieved on
the fields of Clontarf and Ossory. They love the fair daugh
ters of their land, and well they may — the Irish females are
famed for purity of mind and loveliness of form and feature.
" When we turn to modern times, and speak of her ora
tors, Ireland points with pride to her Burke, Curran, Grat
tan and Canning: to poets she has her More [Moore], Ma-
turin, Wolfe and Dermody. To heroes from Brian Boruhma
to WeUington, she can point to imperishable names — in a
word, if we speak of science or song, Ireland can name nu
merous sons, whose genius has spread an imperishable glory
upon her own green land."
The Regular Toasts on this occasion were :
1st. The Day we celebrate — our love of Country increases
with each returning Anniversary. Music—" Sprig of ShUlelah."
2d. The memory of St. Patrick— the Benefactor and Pa
tron of Erin's Green Isle. Music—" St. Patrick's Day."
3d. The President of the United States—" Length of Days

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 7 1
be in his right hand, and in his left hand riches and honour —
may his ways be ways of pleasantness, and all his paths be
peace." Music — " Jackson's March."
4th. The King of Great Britain and Ireland.
Music—" God Save the King."
5th. The Army and Navy of the United States.
Music — " Star Spangled Banner."
6th. The Governor and Lieut. Governor of the State of
New York. Music — " Governor's March."
7th. The Effects of Civil and Religious Liberty through
out the World — ^the grave of Despots — the death of Tyrants
—the march of intellect, and the prosperity of our fellow
men. Music — " Marseillaise Hymn."
8th. Our Benovelent Contemporaries — the St. George's,
St. Andrew's and German Societies. We are their rivals with
out jealousy — the bonds of Christian charity unite us as
brethren. Music — " Reel of TuUochgorum."
9th. The Spirit of the Nineteenth Century — France, Po
land and Belgium have acknowledged its inspirations — it
proclaims " Liberty to the oppressed."
Music — " Tyrolese Song of Liberty."
loth. Our Native Land — may a union of all true Patriots
secure peace and prosperity to her children.
Music — " Erin go Bragh."
nth. Our adopted Country — the grain and mustard seed
has become a great Tree, under whose branches the op
pressed of all nations find shelter. Music — " HaU Columbia."
I2th. May Charity always have a fuU Treasury, and Benev
olence hold the purse-strings. Music— " Mary's Tear."
13th. The Fair — ^with all our love of Liberty, we cheerfully
submit to their despotism.

72 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
Music — "Dear little Creatures, we Can't do Without
Them." Volunteer Toasts
By Mr. John Chambers, President. Poland — May her
struggles be crowned with victory — and her example fly
from pole to pole.
By John Graham, Esq., President of St. Andrew's Society.
The Emerald Isle — Rich in physical and intellectual produc
tions — may it be rich in the blessings of harmony and peace !
By Joseph Fowler, Esq., Vice-President of St. George's
Society. May the Union now so happily subsisting between
the Societies of St. Patrick and St. George never be repealed.
By Philip Hone, Esq., President of the German Society.
St. Patrick — May his speed be equally effectual now in pre
serving his country from tyrants on one hand, and disorgan
izers on the other, as it was in old times in exterminating aU
other noxious animals.

The account thus concludes : " Mirth and hilarity shone on
every face and dwelt in every heart throughout the evening
— ' the feast of reason and the flow of soul ' reigned ascend
ants and at a seasonable hour, the company retired, highly
delighted with the pleasure of the time."

CHAPTER VIII.
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Continued)
— A Joumal Makes a Mistake regarding the Place of the Anniversary
Dinner in 1832, but promptly Rectifies It — ^A Picturesque Incident during
the Banquet that Year — ^Toast to President John Chambers of the Society,
then in His Seventy-ninth Year.
In a notice published in the " Evening Post," (N. Y.)
March 12, 1832, Dudley Persse, then secretary of the
Friendly Sons, announces :

Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
At a regular quarterly meeting held at the Bank Coffee
House, on Thursday, the ist inst. the following gentlemen
were elected officers for the ensuing year: —
John Chambers, Esq., President; John Caldwell, ist Vice;
Dennis McCarty, 2d Vice; John Moorhead, Treasurer;
Dudley Persse, Secretary.
Stewards. — ^Joseph Kernochan, John T. Dolan, Alexander
Charters, Edward Eccleston, Doctor Trenor.
The Society will celebrate their anniversary at Niblo's
Saloon, Broadway, on Saturday, the 17th inst., at half past 4
o'clock. Members are requested to meet for the transaction
of business at half past 3. Tickets for the dinner can be had
by applying to any of the stewards. Dudley Persse, Secretary.
"St. Patrick's Day" is a heading in the "Commercial
Advertiser," (N.Y.) March 16, 1832, following which head
ing is the statement that " The merry Sons of St. Patrick
are preparing to celebrate the anniversary of their tutelar
Saint, to-morrow. The Dinner is to be given at the Bank
Coffee House. Among the luxuries which Mr. Doran is
gathering in for the occasion, we notice in his larder a dozen
fine looking shad, which he has caught this morning."

.. EARLY CELEBRATIONS
The " Commercial Advertiser," however, in announcing
the place for this dinner as at " the Bank Coffee House "
was in error. It frankly acknowledges this in the following
which appeared in its issue of March 17 :
" St. Patrick's Day. — ^We were in error last evening, in
mentioning that the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick were to dine this evening at the Bank Coffee House. —
The dinner of the Society is to be given at Niblo's Saloon.
A dinner by the ' Friends of Ireland,' wUl be partaken at
Mr. Doran's Bank Coffee House. It is cold and wet without ;
but we have no doubt that at both places it will be aU warmth
and sunshine within."
A detailed report of this celebration was published in the
" Commercial Advertiser," March 19, and in the " Evening
Post," March 20, 1832. The same is here reproduced:

St. Patrick's Society
The anniversary of Ireland's Tutelar Saint, was celebrated
on Saturday, with becoming joy and festivity.
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick was
founded in the year 1784, by the venerable Daniel M'Cor
mick, Esq. who was for many years its President — he stiU
lives in the enjoyment of health.
At a preparatory meeting, the following gentlemen were
elected officers of the society for the ensuing year, namely : —
John Chambers, Esq. President.
John Caldwell, Esq. ist Vice President.
Denis M'Carthy, Esq., 2d Vice President.
John Moorhead, Esq. Treasurer.
Dudley Persse, Esq. Secretary.
Joseph Kernochan ^ ~
Edward Eccleston Ci. j
Al J <-!- . r Stewards
Alexander Charters
Dr. Trenor
On Saturday about sixty members and several guests,
sate down to a sumptuous dinner prepared by Mr. Niblo,
and served up in his spacious saloon, Broadway; the table

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 75
was bountifully laden and decorated with appropriate de
vices. When the cloth was removed, the following toasts were
given : Regular Toasts
1st. The day we celebrate, may it ever be a day of con
cord, festivity, and happiness. Music — " St. Patrick's Day."
2d. St. Patrick — To emulate his virtues, should be ever
amongst our first duties. Music — " Sprig of ShUlalah."
3d. Ireland and America — May the Sons of the Green Isle
continue to enjoy, (under the wings of the Eagle,) protec
tion from oppression, and reward for merit. Music — " Hail
Columbia." When this toast was repeated by the first Vice President,
a curtain feU from the wall of the saloon, and to the eyes of
all, was exhibited a very brilliant and tasteful transparency;
it represented a flag-pole in a horizontal position, from which
gracefully undulated the American Banner, and on which
was perched the Bald Eagle, our country's emblem, and
underneath was printed the following motto :
" Protection to the Sons of the Emerald Isle."
It was a happy device, and was received with applause.
4th. America — In liberty, unalterable; in prosperity, uni
versal; in union, eternal. Music — "Yankee Doodle."
5th. The President of the United States — As Irishmen
we feel proud of the people's choice. (9 cheers) Music —
" President's March."
6th. The patriot King — WiUiam the 4th (9 cheers).
Music — " God Save the King."
7th. The Army and Navy of the United States. Music —
" Star Spangled Banner."
8th. The Governor and State of New York. Music —
" Buy a Broom."
9th. Our Sister Societies — In the laudable strife of char
ity, we may emulate each other without envy, and endeavor
to excel without vanity. Music — " Auld Lang Syne."

76

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

When the preceding toast was drunk, Thomas Dixon,
Esq., President of St. George's Society, rose and said :
" Mr. President — ^To meet thus in friendly celebration of
the anniversaries of our respective charitable societies, is
at all times a source of no ordinary gratification, but in
times like the present, when the elements of discord and
commotion are at work among the nations of continental
Europe, it is doubly gratifying on such occasion, to meet
in grateful union, with men of various political creeds and
religious persuasions, to commemorate those acts of charity
and benevolence, which the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick have
ever displayed to their suffering countrymen.
" It is true, the advantages our country enjoys in many
respects, are not unaccompanied by evils, but if peculiar
wrongs there be in one part of the Empire, who shall say
that equally peculiar ones do not exist in the other — together
we endure them, and together we may hope to free ourselves
from them, and
" ' Yet the Harp of Innisfail
May strike full high to notes of gladness.'
" Rejoicing therefore in our bonds of fellowship, I beg
leave in returning thanks for the good wishes expressed in
your toast to your sister societies, one of which I represent,
to propose as a toast :
" The triple union —
May each in eternal union dear
The Rose, the Shamrock, and the Thistle twine.' "
Mr. Hone, President of the German Society, being absent,
the following letter was read :
" Mr. P. Hone regrets that his intended absence from
the city will deprive him of the pleasure of accepting the
pohte invitation with which he has been honored, as Presi
dent of the German Society, to unite with the Society of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in the celebration of the ap
proaching anniversary.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY -j-j
" Mr. Hone begs to propose the following toast on the
occasion :
" Ireland — May her share of British Reform consist in a
full participation of the blessings of civil liberty and religious
toleration." This letter being read, and the toast drunk, the President
proposed the health of Philip Hone, President of the German
Society, which was received with hearty good feeling.
John Johnston, Esq., the President of St. Andrew's So
ciety, being prevented from attending by indisposition, the
following toast was given and drunk —
John Johnston, Esq. — ^We esteem him not only as Presi
dent of our sister Society of St. Andrew, but as a gentleman.
loth. The land we left, and the land we live in — May their
respect be mutual, and continue forever. Music — " Erin go
Bragh." nth. Reform — May an equality of rights soon silence the
voice of discord in the land of our forefathers. Music —
" Marseillaise Hymn."
i2th. Civil and Religious Liberty — ^The first (as we enjoy
it) without licentiousness, and the last without sectarian
ascendency. Music — " Tyrol Song of Liberty."
13th. Woman — ^The solace of man in adversity — his pride
and comfort in the day of prosperity. Music — " The Girls
We Left Behind Us." Volunteers.
By the ist Vice President. — The city of New York — May
her prosperity of forty years to come be equal to that of the
forty years that have passed.
By the 2d Vice President. — National prosperity — the best
test of good government.
By Dudley Persse (Secretary). — Charity in its most com
prehensive sense — relief to the distressed, and its mantle
thrown over the faults of others, whilst we resolve to amend
our own.

-3 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
By a Member. — The health of Daniel McCormick, the
founder, and for many years President of this Society.
By the Rev. Mr. Levins. — The memory of Michael
Mulden. By the British Consul. — ^The health of Master Burke.
By J. C. Buchanan. — ^John Hagan, of New Orleans, the
friend of young Irishmen.
By a Member. — The town of Ballimony — distinguished
for its attachment to liberal principles — ^the mantle of its
patriotism has fallen upon the shoulders of our worthy ist'
Vice President.
Thomas Dixon being requested by the President to give a
toast, rose and said, " that he did not anticipate being thus
called upon, and was therefore somewhat unprepared; but,"
added Mr. Dixon, " Solomon says there is nothing new under
the sun, but Solomon was never in Swate Ireland, or he
would be after thinking there was something new under the
sun, when he saw the wine that's made there. I give you,
gentlemen, what many of you, it may be, like Solomon, nevet
heard of before : The Vintage of Ireland —
Old Sherri — old Curran — ^t, and a Little More stiU.
(Sheridan) (Curran) (Moore, still alive)
By Joseph Wilson. — The majority in the Commons —
the minority in the Lords — success attend their efforts in the
cause of Reform.
By Mr. Alexander. — Kingcraft — ^A bad trade at present
— many of the craft unemployed, and more soon expected
to be discharged. May the whole fraternity soon be obliged
to take to some more honest calling.
By J. C. Holland. — Archibald Hamilton Rowan — ^the
ardent patriot and chivalrous gentleman.
By a Member.— The Ladies — in their holy alliance, may
be despotic, without caUing for assistance.
By Mr. Murphy. — ^The memory of the Ulustrious men who

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 79
have suffered death and persecution in supporting their coun
try's rights.
By Capt. Boyd. — ^The memory of Washington.
By James Magee. — ^The memory of David Andrews.
By Samuel Osborn. — Charles Carroll, of CarroUton.
By Dr. Trenor. — ^The memory of DeWitt Clinton; the
descendant of an Irishman, and for many years a member of
this Society.
By John Moorhead. — ^The memory of Thomas Jefferson.
By E. Stinson. — ^The health of the brave Lafayette, the
uniform friend of liberty.
When the President retired, the Chair was taken by John
Caldwell, Esq., ist Vice President, whereupon he said: —
" Gentlemen — ^Your President has just retired, is in the
79th year of his age. At a comparatively early period of
his life, he was a member of the corporation of Dublin —
but for what he judged the welfare of his country, he sacri
ficed his hopes and prospects, yea all other considerations-^
he has been a firm and consistent friend of liberty during the
whole course of his long life. You all know him. I will
give you a toast :
" The health of John Chambers, Esq., our worthy Presi
dent." This was received with much feeling and satisfaction.

CHAPTER IX.
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Continued)
— An Imposing Celebration in 1833 at the City Hotel — ^John Chambers
Presides over the Festivities — ^Another Splendid Celebration takes place
in 1834 at the same Place — Details of the Observance Held by the Organi
zation in 1835.
A quarterly meeting of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick
was held March 7, 1833, " at the City Hotel," New York.
An election of officers for the ensuing year took place, the
result being announced as follows in the " Gazette," March
16, that year:
Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — At a regu
lar quarterly meeting held at the City Hotel on Thursday
evening, the 7th, the following gentlemen were elected offi
cers for the ensuing year : —
John Chambers, Esq., President.
John Caldwell, Esq., ist Vice President.
Denis McCarthy, 2d Vice President.
George S. Corbitt, Esq., Treasurer.
Dudley Persse, Esq., Secretary.
Stewards — Thomas Suffern, Esq., John Wilson, Esq., John
Fleming, Esq., George Bushe, M.D., John T. Dolan, Esq.
Almoner — Samuel Osborn.
Committee of Charity — Cornelius Heeney, John T. Dolan,
Christr. Cassidy, Edward Eccleston, Robert Donaldson.
The Society will celebrate their National Anniversary at
the City Hotel on Monday, the i8th, at 5 o'clock. Members
are requested to meet for the transaction of business, at half
past 3 o'clock. Tickets for the dinner can be had by apply
ing to any of the Stewards. Dudley Persse, Secretary.
How this anniversary celebration in 1833 was carried out
is well told in the following account from the columns of
" The Gazette," March 20, 1833 :

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 8l
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
The members of this ancient and highly respectable So
ciety, celebrated the Anniversary of their Patron Saint, at
the City Hotel, on Monday last, on which occasion, they
partook of a sumptuous dinner prepared in the usual style
of elegance and profusion that characterizes the entertain
ments furnished by Mr. Jennings. The members and their
guests sat down to the table about half-past 5 ; the venerable
President John Chambers, Esq., in the Chair, assisted by
John Caldwell, Esq., and Denis McCarthy, as Vice Presi
dents. Among the guests were, Joseph Fowler, Esq., Act
ing President of St. George's Society; David Hadden, Esq.,
President of St. Andrew's; Philip Hone, Esq., President of
the German Society; Gideon Lee, Esq., Mayor of the City;
James Buchanan, Esq., British Consul ; Rev. Mr. Levins, and
several others. The Hon. James M. Wayne, and the Hon.
John Forsyth, of Georgia, were invited, but they were unable
to attend owing to previous engagements. The throne of
grace was addressed in an impressive manner by the Rev.
Mr. Levins, when the enjoyment of the repast commenced.
After the cloth was removed, the following regular toasts
were announced from the chair :
I. The day we celebrate — May it ever be a day of concord,
festivity and happiness. " Patrick's Day."
2. St. Patrick — To emulate his virtues should be our high
est aim. " CooUn."
3. The land we left, and the land we live in. " Erin go
Bragh." 4. The President of the United States. "President's
March." 5. The King of Great Britain and Ireland — May he use
the power granted him by the people, to redress their griev
ances, and do justice to the suffering sons of Erin. " God
Save the King."
6. The Army and Navy of the United States. " Star
Spangled Banner."

32 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
7. The Mayor and City of New York. " Governor's
March." 8. Education — The pillar on which Liberty rests — ^the
foundation of human happiness and national prosperity.
" The Harp that Once Through Tara's Halls."
9. Our Sister Societies — All emulous in doing good, and
diffusing the balm of charity. " Carolin."
10. Civil and ReUgious Liberty — ^The first (as we enjoy
it) without licentiousness, and the last without sectarian
ascendency. " Hail Glorious Liberty."
II. The Freedom of the Press — Rather suffer from its
license, than restrain its liberty. " Ye Sons of Freedom ! "
12. Lafayette — ^The patriot of three revolutions, unawed
by the frowns of power, and uninfluenced by the smiles of
royalty. " A Man's a Man for a' That."
13. Woman — Given to man to divide his cares, and par
ticipate in the enjoyment of prosperity.
After the regular toasts had all been gone through with
the following volunteers were given, interspersed with music,
songs, recitations, &c. Among the songs was one sung by
Mr. HiU, written for the occasion by our fellow citizen, S.
Woodworth, Esq., which should have been published in con
nection with these proceedings, had it not been for the late
hour at which we were furnished with the materials to draw
up an account. Many of the toasts were introduced with
appropriate remarks, which are also excluded for the reason
mentioned above. Volunteers
John Caldwell, ist Vice President. The Princes' Street
Orphan Asylum, and may the blessing of Heaven reward its
benefactors. This toast was accompanied with a few highly appropriate
remarks, and was replied to in an equally happy vein by the
Rev. Mr. Levins, who gave as a sentiment :
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and the heart that friend
ship wears at feasts.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 83
Dennis McCarthy,* 2d Vice President. Charity, that
bright feature of our society which cheers the widow's heart,
and relieves the orphan's sufferings.
The Mayor. The union of all honest hearts — ^the union of
all industrious hands, of whatever clime or state — ^in the erec
tion and the prosperity of the great and prosperous city of
New York.
President of St. George's. The progress of that great
science — the science of humanity.
President of St. Andrew's. The Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick — may the only strife between them and the other Char
itable Societies be — ^who shall most effectually relieve the
distressed. President of the German Society. Thomas Moore — ^the
experience of 52 has corrected the errors of 24 — Americans
are proud to do him honor as a bright star of Erin, and the
greatest lyric poet of the present age.
Robert White. Our late President, Daniel M'Cormick —
health and happiness to him.
Campbell P. White. The memory of Charles Carroll, of
Carrollton. Dr. Rice. " Reform " and " Oppression " — ^the trumpet
which sounds the " advance " of the one, proclaims the " re
treat " of the other.
Dr. Burke. May the Irish increase and multiply, and emi
gration from Ireland continue. They have division at home
— ^let them practice multiplication here, and all other — ations
except nullification.
James M'Bride. The memory of a man of few words but
good deeds — ^John Flack.
John Morehead. The health of the Hon. Judge Wayne,
of Georgia.
Dudley Persse, Secretary. The Fair — ^they alarm, arm,
and disarm ; and are in favor of the Union to a — man.
Charles Lambert. The triumph of social feeling as dis
played at this Festival.
* Mr. McCarthy's name appears variously as Dennis and Denis.

g. EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Robert Donaldson. Ireland — to her a speedy abolition of
tithes. ,1: * * * * *
Mr. Dolan. The memory of Sir Walter Scott.
C. Cassidy. To your faith add hope, and to your virtue
knowledge — But the greatest of all is Charity.
A Member. May the Parliamentary Reform of our coun
try be the harbinger of brighter and better days.
John Doyle. The future Federal connexion of Great
Britain and Ireland. — If the partnership be " fair " and
" equal," may it last forever.
Robert White. The memory of the lamented John Oliver,
who was the founder of the Hibernian Free School, in Balti
more, for the education of the descendants of the children
of the Irish of all religious denominations.
, A Member. The health of our absent member James
Magee. E. Grattan. Ireland — may she yet obtain a nationality.
A Member. George Washington — the father of this
country, the eternal guide of liberty.
G. H. Hill. The true sons of Erin — tb [from] them a
Yankee's hand will never be withheld.
J. G. Meen, of Virginia. Ireland, though burthened not
disheartened. Mr. Dolan. The memory of Thomas Addis Emmet — the
patriot and statesman.
Joseph Wilson. The Star Spangled Banner — may a flag
with the same liberty soon wave over the green island of Erin.
John Caldwell. The United States of America and its Star
Spangled Banner — E Pluribus Unum.
[After the above toast was read, Mr. CaldweU gave a
sentiment in Irish, as also the EngUsh poetic version which
follows :] ****** The Patriots of the land
Made a glorious stand
And pledg'd their lives, their fortunes and their honor

¦ OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 85
To support the constitution
With firmest resolution
And rally round the star spangled banner.
The noble deed was done
The battle fought and won
And prosperity and peace bless the banner
And in spite of factious tools.
Led on by knaves and fools,
We'll preserve it from stain, and from dishonor.

At the quarterly meeting of the Friendly Sons at the City
Hotel, March 6, 1834, " for the election of officers, and pre
paratory to the anniversary festival," these gentlemen were
chosen to office for the ensuing year :
James McBride, Esq., President.
Dennis McCarthy, Esq., ist Vice President.
Edward Eccleston, Esq., 2d do.
George S. Corbett, Esq., Treasurer.
Dudley Persse, Secretary.
Saml. Osborn, Almoner. Committee of Charity:
J. C. Buchanan and John Moorhead, Cornelius Heeney,
Christopher Cassedy, and Robert Donaldson.
Stewards :
Joseph Kernochan, Thomas Suffern, John Wilson,
Alexander Charters, John T. Dolan.
It was decided to have the anniversary dinner at the City
Hotel " on Monday, the 17th inst., at 5 o'clock." The mem
bers were requested to meet " at half-past 3 o'clock for the
transaction of business."
The quarterly meeting, March 5, 1835, was also held at
the City Hotel, the officers elected for the ensuing year being
given as foUows in the " Commercial Advertiser " (N. Y.),
March 16:

86

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.— At a regular
quarterly meeting of this Society, held at the City Hotel, on
Thursday evening, the Sth, the following gentlemen were
elected Officers for the ensuing year : —
Campbell P. White, Esq., President.
John Wilson, Esq., ist Vice.
Edward Eccleston, 2d Vice.
Samuel Osborn, Treasurer.
Dudley Persse, Secretary.
John Tarte, junr.. Almoner.
Committee of Charity
Corns. Heeney, John C. Buchanan,
John Moorhead, John T. Dolan,
Christopher Cassidy.
Stewards
Jacob Harvey, Thomas Suffern,
John Caldwell, Robert Emmet,
Alexander Charters.
The Society will celebrate their National Anniversary, by
Dinner, at the City Hotel, on Tuesday, 17th instant, at 5
o'clock. The members are requested to meet at half-past
3 o'clock, for the transaction of the usual previous business.
Tickets may be obtained on application to any of the
Stewards, who invite their countrymen to unite with them
on this occasion. Dudley Persse,
 Secretary.
In connection with the anniversary dinner in 1835, Secre
tary Dudley Persse issued the following notice :

St. Patrick's Day.
The Society of the " Friendly Sons of St. Patrick " will
celebrate their National Anniversary on Tuesday, the 17th
inst. at the City Hotel.
The members of the Society, and Irish gentlemen who may
be in this city on a visit, are invited to join in the festivity.

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 87
Tickets wiU be furnished by any of the following gentle
men: —
Jacob Harvey
John Caldwell
Robert Emmet
Thomas Suffern
Alex. Charters
Dinner will be served at 5 o'clock.
Members are requested to meet at half-past 3, for the
transaction of the usual previous business.
Dudley Persse, Secretary.

In its issue of March 20, 1835, the " Commercial Adver
tiser " thus speaks of the dinner to which the foregoing
notice refers: Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
On Tuesday, the 17th, being the anniversary of St. Pat
rick, the Society dined at the City Hotel, as customary, in
honor of the occasion. The dinner and wines were credit
able to the worthy host, and the utmost satisfaction attd hi
larity prevailed.
In the course of the evening, deputations were received
from various charitable institutions, with their congratula
tion on the return of the day. The Presidents of the St.
George, St. Nicholas, St. Andrew, and the German Benevo
lent Societies, and the British Consul were present, together
with a number of invited guests. Sheridan Knowles was
compelled to leave for Philadelphia, and sent his toast and
apology. The Rev. Mr. Leavins addressed the Throne of Grace ; and
after the cloth was removed, the following regular toasts
were drank: —
I. The day we celebrate, and all who honor it. Tune —
" St. Patrick's Day."
2. The memory of St. Patrick. " Erin go Bragh."

88

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

3. The land we Uve in. " HaU Columbia."
4. The President of the United States. " HaU to the
Chief." 5. The King of Great Britain and Ireland. " God Save
the King."
6. The Army and Navy of the United States. " Star
Spangled Banner."
7. Our native land. " Savourneen Deelish."
8. The city of New York and our worthy Chief Magis
trate. " Yankee Doodle."
9. Our sister Societies — Emulation without strife in the
cause of charity. " The Bond of Union."
10. Civil and Religious liberty throughout the world.
" Marseillaise Hymn."
II. The Governor of the State of New York. " Gover
nor's March."
12. The freedom of the Press. " Ode to Franklin."
13. The Fair — No happiness complete without the smUe
of woman.
After which the following volunteers : —
By Campbell P. White, Esq., President of the Society.
James McBride, Esq., — Our late valued, esteemed, and re
spected President.
By J. Wilson, Esq., ist Vice-President. Great Britain and
America — On sea or land — May the Sailor-King and the
Soldier-President, ever maintain their present good under
standing. By Dudley Persse, Secretary. Our distinguished coun
tryman, James Sheridan Knowles — An author, scholar, and
a gentleman. " The genius that irradiates his mind.
Caught all its hue and purity from heaven."
By Samuel Osborn, Treasurer. John Chambers, Esq., our
former President — His services to the society wiU be long
remembered with gratitude.

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 89
By J. McBride. Andrew Jackson —
" Such men are raised to station and command.
When Providence means mercy to a land —
To manage with address — to seize with power.
The crisis of a dark decisive hour."
By John Moorhead. The State of Georgia— As steadfast
in democratic principles, as the rock in the midst of the ocean,
against which the waves have, since the creation, beat in vain.
By T. Suffern. Our distinguished guest, the Hon. Mr.
Beardsley. By Mr. Beardsley.. The genuine Irishman — Brave, gen
erous, and hospitable: ever ready to give a warm reception
to foes as weU as to friends.
By Henry C. Bowden. The memory of Archibald Hamil
ton Rowan, and of that illustrious Irishman, with him identi
fied in history — ^Curran.
By Joseph Fowler, President of the St. George's Society.
May English cordiality keep pace with Irish hospitality.
By P. G. Stuyvesant, Esq. Ireland — Renowned for valor
and hospitality. May her fertile land, possessing the germ
of prosperity, be blessed with the smiles of Heaven.
By J. S. Knowles. America — The land toward which old
Ireland looks with tearful gratitude, as the ready, welcoming
and fostering home of her exile.
By Wm. Miles. Rev. Thos. C. Levins, the enlightened
and Uberal chaplain of the " Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,"
and enthusiastic advocate of his country's rights.
By Rev. Mr. Levins. Love of our country, and the love
which binds man to man.
By J. Blackstock. The memory of Henry Grattan, the
fearless advocate of his country's freedom.
By C. Lambert. CorneUus Heeney, Esq., — Deprived from
being with us by illness — may his health be soon restored.
By James Wright, M.D. The honor of the nation must
be preserved — its interests must not be sacrificed.
By Edwin Robinson, of Virginia. St. Patrick's legacy to

EARLY CELEBRATIONS
his votaries— universal benevolence— its lavish expenditure
hitherto justified the belief that it is boundless.
By William Boyd. The Senate of the United States.
By John McGloin. An American citizen — To the phil
anthropist, a recommendation preferable to the most ex
alted title conferred by despots.
By J. Wright. The memory of John Flack, Esq. — ^Whose
probity, integrity and honor, added an additional lustre to
the Irish character. [The account then goes on to say that]
" The delegation of the H. B. Provident Society, tenders
their compliments to the Friendly Sons of St, Patrick, and
offers the foUowing sentiment in behalf of the Society, which
we have the honor of representing :
" Ireland — ^As it ought to be, free from the transactions of
a Rathcormac mob — May she never witness the same perse
cutions. " Wm. H. Wislow, Chairman,
" Henry McCadden,
"James Talbot,
" Delegation from the H. B. Provident Society."
By the Hibernian ReUef Society. The Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick — Language cannot be arranged to convey a bet
ter idea of their principles to the mind of a genuine Irish
man, than the mere mention of their title — ^The Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick.
The evening was passed in the greatest harmony, socia
bility and good feeling. The song, the story, and the jest
went round the table, and the company broke up at a reason
able hour, highly gratified with the entertainment.

In connection with this celebration, the following interest
ing letter was received : Debtors' Jail, March 17th, 1835.
Sir : The persons confined in the Debtors' Jail most grate
fully acknowledge the receipt of thirty-seven dollars from the

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAi 91
" Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick," through the
hands of their Secretary, Dudley Persse, Esq. In acknowl
edging this donation, the Sons of Erin at present confined
cannot fully express their gratitude to their countrymen for
their kindness in thus giving them the means of celebrating
the anniversary of their Patron Saint. Although fortune has
at present frowned on them, these frowns of fortune have,
however, on this day been dispelled. You have this day
shown that your feelings for suffering men are not confined
to those who may have been in any one clime, but are ex
tended to those of every nation. You have relieved the dis
tressed, cheered the afflicted and visited the imprisoned, for
which we sincerely thank you.
We remain, sir. Your obedient servants.
The Imprisoned Debtors.
To Dudley Persse, Esq.
Secretary Society of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick.

CHAPTER X.
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in the City of New York (Concluded)
—Death of Daniel McCormick in 1834— Was President of the Society
nearly Forty Years — ^The Anniversary Dinner in 1845 — List of Officers
of the Society, 1784-1845— Some Members of the Organization previous
to and including 1833— The Charter of the Society.
Daniel McCormick, the founder of the Friendly Sons,
and who had served for nearly forty years as president,
died on Jan. 31, 1834. "We have the painful task," says
the " New York Gazette," of Feb. i, that year, " of an
nouncing the death of the venerable Daniel McCormick,
Esq., at his residence in WaU street, yesterday afternoon.
This amiable old gentleman always stood high in the esti
mation of all who knew him. He was a true friend to the
poor, and out of th6 abundance of his wealth, his gifts were
bestowed liberally, and in the most graceful manner. The
poor widow and the orphan, were among his earnest cares,
and by them, and the community, his loss will long be de
plored. Mr. McCormick was a native of Ireland,* and one
of Erin's brightest sons. May his example, in all good
works, be followed by those of his countrymen in proportion
to their means."
In the " Gazette," of Feb. 3, 1834, we also find the follow
ing notices:

" Died on Friday afternoon, Jan. 31, 1834, Daniel Mc
Cormick, in the 91st year of his age. The friends of the de
ceased are respectfully invited to attend his funeral from his
late residence. No. 57 WaU street, this afternoon, at half past
four o'clock, without further invitation."
* For additional details regarding Daniel McCormick, see biographical
sketch in latter part of this work.

EARL Y CELEBRA TIONS OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 93
" The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick are re
quested to attend the funeral of their late respected member,
Daniel McCormick, Esq., this afternoon at half past three
o'clock precisely."

On St. Patrick's Day, 1845, the Friendly Sons dined at
the City Hotel, the occasion being of customary interest.
James Reyburn, then president of the Society, was absent,
owing to ill health, and his place was filled by Vice President
Robert J. Dillon. On the latter's right sat the presidents of
the New England and St. Andrew's societies, while on his
left were the mayor, and the president of the St. Nicholas
Society. James T. Brady acted as vice-president. He had
on his right Judge Daly and Henry B. Cowles, and on his
left James Maurice and Mr. Jarvis.
The following is a list * of the presidents, treasurers, and
secretaries of the Friendly Sons, from 1784 to 1845, inclusive :
1 784- 1 788.
Daniel McCormick, President.
Hugh Gaine, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1 789- 1 790.
William Constable, President.
Hugh Gaine, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1 791.
Alexander Macomb, President.
Hugh Gaine, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1792.
Thomas Roach, President.
Hugh Gaine, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
*From the Society's Manual, 1899.

94

EARLY CELEBRATIONS
1793-1794-
Daniel McCormick, President.
Hugh Gaine, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1795-
William Constable, President.
Hugh Gaine, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1796.
George Pollock, President.
Hugh Gaine, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1 797- 1 804.
Daniel McCormick, President.
William Hill, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1805.
Daniel McCormick, President.
John Caldwell, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1806.
Daniel McCormick, President.
John Caldwell, Treasurer.
Christopher Prince, Secretary.
1807-1808.
Daniel McCormick, President.
John Caldwell, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1809-1810.
Daniel McCormick, President.
William Bryar, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 95
181I.
Daniel McCormick, President.
John Chambers, Treasurer.
R. R. Waddell, Secretary.
1812-1814.
Daniel McCormick, President.
John Chambers, Treasurer.
Nathan McVickar, Secretary.
1815-1816.
Daniel McCormick, President.
John Woodward, Treasurer.
Nathan McVickar, Secretarv.
1817-1820.
Daniel McCormick, President.
James Magee, Treasurer.
J. Montgomery, Secretary.
1821-1824.
Daniel McCormick, President.
Michael Muldon,* Treasurer.
Harris Blood, Secretary.
1825.
Daniel McCormick, President.
Michael Muldon, Treasurer.
A. Charters, Secretary.
1826.
Daniel McCormick, President.
J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer.
A. Charters, Secretary.
1827.
Daniel McCormick, President.
J. B, Montgomery, Treasurer.
Joseph Alexander, Secretary.
? This was'probably the gentleman'whose name elsewhere appears as Michael
Mulden. We also find the name Michael Muldoon.

96

EARLY CELEBRATIONS 1828.
John Chambers, President.
J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer.
J. Alexander, Secretary.
1829.
John Chamber.s, President.
J. B. Montgomery, Treasurer.
Thomas Cleary, Secretary.
1830.
John Chambers, President.
John Wilson, Treasurer.
R. A. Fitz Gerald, Secretary.
1831.
John Chambers, President.
John Wilson, Treasurer.
Dudley Persse, Secretary.
1832.
John Chambers, President.
John Moorhead, Treasurer.
Dudley Persse, Secretary.
1833.
John Chambers, President.
John Moorhead, Treasurer.
George S. Corbitt, Secretary.
1834.
James McBride, President.
George S. Corbitt, Treasurer.
Dudley Persse, Secretary.
1835-1836.
Campbell P. White, President.
Samuel Osborne, Treasurer.
Dudley Persse, Secretary.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 97
1837-
Campbell P. White, President.
Samuel Osborne, Treasurer.
Robert J. Dillon, Secretary.
1838.
Campbell P. White, President.
Arthur Stewart, Treasurer.
Dudley Persse, Secretary.
1 839- 1 840.
Dr. Robert Hogan, President.
Arthur Stewart, Treasurer.
William Arnold, Secretary.
1841.
Dr. Robert Hogan, President.
Arthur Stewart, Treasurer.
M. O. Barry, Secretary.
1842.
Dr. Robert Hogan, President.
Charles M. Nanry, Treasurer.
M. O. Barry, Secretary.
1843-1844.
James Reyburn, President.
Charles M. Nanry, Treasurer.
Charles H. Birney, Secretary.
1845-1848.
James Reyburn, President.
Charles M. Nanry, Treasurer.
WiUiam G. Fitzgerald, Secretary.
The New York City Directory for 1790 gives the mem
bers of the councU of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, as John Shaw, William Edgar, John McVicker, Daniel
McCormick, Carlisle PoUock, Samson Fleming, Thomas
Roach and Thomas Bibby.

98

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

In the Directory for 1791 it is stated that the council then
comprised John Shaw, John McVicker, William Edgar,
Daniel McCormick, Carlisle Pollock, Thomas Bibby, Michael
Price, and Henry Saidler.
In 1792 it stood: John Shaw, John McVicker, Daniel Mc
Cormick, Cariisle Pollock, Henry Saidler, John Charlton,
James Constable and WilHam HiU.
In 1794 it numbered: Michael Price, John Charlton, Alex
ander Stewart, John McVicker, Henry Sadler,* John Shaw,
Carlisle Pollock and Dominick Lynch.
In 1795, 1796, and 1797 the council was: John Shaw, John
McVicar,t John Charleton,| Carlisle Pollock, Dominick
Lynch, John Kelly, Alexander Stewart and William Hill.
In the New York City Directory, 1812, John Craig and
Wm. Stirling are mentioned as the " Charitable Committee "
of the Friendly Sons.
The following additional references to the Friendly Sons
are found in New York papers :
" The Daily Advertiser," Wednesday, 1 1 March, 1801 :
St. Patrick's Society.
The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, will please to take notice that their Anniversary
Dinner, will be held at the Tontine Coffee House on Tuesday
the 17th of March at ^ o'clock. Robert R. Waddell, Secretary. '"J
"The Daily Advertiser, Saturday, 17 March, 1804:
St. Patrick's Society.
The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, will please to take notice, that their Anniversary
Dinner will be held at the Old-Coffee-House, This Day, 17th
March, at 4 o'clock. Robert R. Waddell, Secretary.
* This name appears both as Sadler and Saidler.
fSAppears as McVickar and McVicker.
X Appears both as Charleton and Charlton.

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 99
" The Evening Post," Saturday, 16 March, 1805 :
St. Patrick's Society.
The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, will please to take notice, that their Anniversary
Dinner will be at the Tontine Coffee House, on Monday, the
I Sth of March, at 4 o'clock. Robert R. Waddell, Secretary.
" The Evening Post," Saturday, 15 March, 1806:
St. Patrick's Society.
The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, will please to take notice that their Anniversary
Dinner will be held at the Tontine Coffee-House, on Monday
the 17th of March, at 4 o'clock. Robert R. Waddell, Sec'ry.
" The Evening Post," Monday, 16 March, 1807, and " The
New York Gazette," Tuesday, 17 March, 1807:
St. Patrick's Society.
The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick wUl please to take notice that their Anniversary
Dinner will be held at the Phoenix Coffee House, on Tuesday
the 17th of March, at 4 o'clock. Robert R. Waddell, Sec'ry.
" The Evening Post," Wednesday, 16 March, 1808:
St. Patrick's Society.
The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick will please to take notice that their Anniversary Din
ner wUl be held at the Mechanic-HaU, on Thursday the 17th
of March at 4 o'clock. Robert R. WaddeU, Sec'ry.

joo EARLY CELEBRATIONS
" The Evening Post," Saturday, 27 Feb., 1813 :
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick
Are requested to meet at the Tontine Coffee House, on
Monday next, ist March at 12 o'clock to elect officers and
transact other business.
" The Evening Post," Saturday, 16 March, 1816:
The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick wiU please to take notice, that their Anniversary
Dinner will be on Monday, the i8th inst. at 4 o'clock, at
Washington Hall.
" The New York Gazette," Monday, 3 March, 1817:
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, are to
meet at the Tontine Coffee-House This Day, 3 March, at 12
o'clock, to elect Oflicers for the ensuing year, and transact
other business. N. M'Vickar, Sec'ry.
"The N. Y. Gazette," Saturday, 28 February, 1818:
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, are to meet at the Ton
tine Coffee-House, on Monday the 2d day of March next, at
12 o'clock, to choose Officers for the ensuing year, and trans
act other business. J. Montgomery, Sec'ry.
"The N. Y. Gazette," Wednesday, 17 March, 1819:
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — ^The
Anniversary of this Society will be celebrated This Day at
the Bank Coffee House. Dinner will be on the table pre
cisely at half past 4 o'clock.
" The Gazette," Saturday, 2 March, 1822 :
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick are to meet at the Bank
Coffeehouse, on Monday evening next, at 7 o'clock, to
choose officers for the ensuing year, and transact other busi
ness. By order, Harris Blood, Sec'ry.
"The Gazette," Monday, 18 March, 1822:
The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will hold their Anniver
sary Dinner at the Bank Coffee House, This Day, at four
ness. By order, Harris Blood, Secry.
Several other references to the day are found, viz. :

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY lOl
"The Gazette," Monday, 17 March, 1823:
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
The Anniversary Dinner of this Society wiU be held at the
Bank Coffee-House at 4 o'clock this day. By order,
Harris Blood, Sec'ry.
" The Gazette," Monday, 3 March, 1823 :
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
The members of this Society are requested to meet at the
Bank Coffee House, This evening, at 7 o'clock precisely.
By order, Harris Blood, Sec'y.
"The Commercial Advertiser," Monday, 6 March, 1826:
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
The Quarterly Meeting of this Society will be held at the
Bank Coffee House, This Evening, at 7 o'clock precisely.
Punctual attendance is requested, as the Annual Election of
Officers for the ensuing year vrill then take place. By order
Harris Blood, Sec'ry.
" The Evening Post," Friday, 29 February, 1828:
Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — The Annual
Meeting for the election of officers of this Society for the en
suing year will be held at the Bank Coffee House on Monday
Evening next at 7 o'clock. By order. Joseph Alexander,
Sec'ry. "The Evening Post," Saturday, 15 March, 1828, and
"The Commercial Advertiser," Saturday, 15 March, 1828:
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick will cele
brate their Anniversary on Monday, the 17th of March in-

J02 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
stant, at the Bank Coffee House. — Dinner at 4 o'clock. For
tickets apply to either of the stewards :
Gen. Lynch,
David Andrews,
Wm. Kyle,
Michael Muldoon,
or to Joseph Alexander, Sec'y.
From " The Evening Post," Tuesday, i March, 183 1 :
St. Patrick's Society. — The members of the Society of
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, are notified that the election
night for new officers will take place on Thursday the 3d
inst. at the Bank Coffee House, at 7 o'clock. A punctual
attendance is requested. R. A. Fitz Gerald, Secretary.
From "The Gazette" (N. Y.), Thursday, 6 March, 1834:
Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. — The regular
quarterly meeting of the Society for the election of officers,
and preparatory to the Anniversary Festival, will be held
this evening at the City Hotel, at 7 o'clock.
Dudley Persse, Secretary.
The following is a list * of gentlemen who were early
members of the Friendly Sons. The year following each
name indicates that the bearer was a member as early as
that: McCormick, Daniel .... 1784 Shaw, John  1784
Gaine, Hugh  1784 PoUock, CarUsle  1784
Waddell, R. R  1784 Bibby, Thomas  1784
Constable, William .... 1784 Flemming, Sampson. . . 1784
Macomb, Alexander . . . 1784 Templeton, Oliver  1784
Roach, Thomas  1784 Bradford, M  1787
Pollock, George  1784 Gibson, Dr  1787
HiU, William  1784 Smith, H  1787
* From the Societ/s Manual, 1899.

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y

103

Colles, Christopher  1788
Thomson, Charles  1788
Maunsell, Gen. John. . .1789
Clinton, DeWitt  1790
Edgar, William  1790
McVickar, John  1790
Price, Michael  1790
Saidler, Henry  1790
Charleton, John  1790
Constable, James  1 790
Stewart, Alexander. . . . 1793
Wade, William  1793
Barnewell, George .... 1793
Glover, John  1 793
Lynch, Dominick  1 793
Kelly, John  1795
Wallace, WiUiam  1804
Caldwell, John  1804
Heeney, Cornelius  1804
Parks, John  1804
Hogan, M  1805
Searight, J  1805
Boyle, M  1805
Carbis, J  1805
Reid, D  1805
Blake, Valentine  1805
Rutledge, WUUam  1805
Craig, W  1805
Sullivan, J  1805
BaiHe, William  1805
Bryar, William  1805
Suffern, Thomas  1805
Shaw, W  1805
McCarty, Charles  1805
Dickey, R  1805
Cranston, Alex  1805
Roth, M  1805

Craig, S  1805
McComb, J. W.  1805
McConnell, James  1805
Murray, J  1805
Phelan, John  1805
Morris, Andrew  1805
Macomb, John N  1805
Phister, Alexander .... 1805
McEvers, GuHan  1805
Watson, James  1805
Kemp, Dr  1805
Jephson, William H...1805
Chambers, James  1805
O'Connor, Capt  1805
Keith, John  1805
BaUey, William  1812
Carberry, Thomas  1812
Chambers, John  1812
Craig, John  1812
Sterling, Wm  1812
Macneven, Wm. Jas. . .1815
Emmet, Thos. Addis.. 18 15
McCarthy, Dennis  181 5
Christian, Charles  18 15
Montgomery, J  1817
Blood, Harris  182 1
Andrews, David  1821
Nicholson, John  1821
Charters, John  1821
Kernochan, Jos. P. . . . 1825
Laverty, Henry  1825
Moorehead, John  1825
Kyle, Wm  1825
Gray, Andrew  1825
Muldon, Michael  1825
Charters, S. M  1825
Alexander, Joseph  1825

104

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

Lynch, General  1825
Montgomery, J. B  1828
Cleary, Thomas  1828
Fitz Gerald, R.A  1828
Buchanan, James, Jr . . . 1828
Ingham, Charles  1828
WUson, John  1828
James, Wm  1828
Wright, John W  1828
Hogan, Dr. Robert  1828
Cuming, Dr  1828
Cassidy, Christopher. . . 1828
Trenor, Dr  1830
Harvey, Jacob  1830
Bradish, Wheaton  1831
Persse, Dudley  1831
Sampson, William  1831
Dolan, John T  1832
Eccleston, Edward .... 1832
Osborne, Samuel  1832
Magee, James  1832
Boyd, Capt. Wm  1832
Corbitt, George S  1833
Fleming, John  1833
Bush, Dr. George  1833
Donaldson, Robert. . . . 1833
White, Robert  1833
White, Campbell P  1833
Rice, Dr. G. C  1833
Burke, Dr  1833
McBride, James  1833
Lambert, Charles  1833
Doyle, John  1833
Tait, John, Jr  1833
Emmet, Robert  1833
Brown, James C  1835
Arnold, Dr. Wm  1835

Dillon, Robert J  1835
O'Neil, Capt. Felix  1835
Usher, Luke  1835
Usher, Robert  1835
Warren, J  1835
Montgomery, J. B., Jr.. 1835
Redmond, Wm  1835
Brown, Stewart  181(5
MiUer, James  1835
Foote, John  1835
Charters, Samuel  1835
Cummin, Thomas A. . .1835
Wright, Dr  1835
Charters, Alexander. . . 1835
Millar, Jesse  1835
MaxweU, Matthew. ... 1835
Power, Rev. John  1835
McAUister, Samuel  1835
Harden, Geo  1835
Kane, Wm  1835
AUey, Saul  1835
Adams, John  1835
Brown, James  1835
GiUelan, E. H  1835
Gibson, John  1835
Ingoldsby, Felix  1835
Niblo, John  '. 1835
Niblo, W  1835
Nicholson, John  1835
Nichols, Samuel  1835
Dore, John  1835
Buchanan, James C. . . . 1835
Buchanan, Robert L. . . 1835
Graham, Bernard  1835
Matthews, James  1835
McGloin, Edward  1835
Bushe, George  1835

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY

105

Bryar, James  1835
Burke, Michael  1835
Burke, Myles  1835
CuUen, Edward F  1835
Cruise, Patrick R  1835
Connolly, E  1835
Cluff, John  1835
Denniston, James  1835
Dunn, Bernard  1835
Daily, Patrick  1835
Doyle, Dennis H  1835
Fox, John  1835
Graham, David, Jr. . . . 1835
Gray, Andrew  1835
Grattan, E  1835
Hill, John  1835
Haggerty, John  1835
Haggerty, Ogden  1835
Jackson, Daniel  1835
Jackson, George  1835
Jackson, Thomas  1835
Kyle, Jeremiah  1835
Kyle, Joseph  1835

Kelly, Robert  1835
Morrison, John  1835
Murray, Ham  ,. . 1835
McLaughlin, Peter  1835
Murphy, Thomas  1835
.Mullen, John  1835
McKibben, Dr  1835
McGrath, Daniel  1835
O'Brien, WilUam  1835
O'Brien, Francis  1835
Park, David   1835
Patterson, Robert S...1835
PoweU, James W  1835
Quinn, John  1835
Rutherford, Robert. ... 1835
Stinson, Edey  1835
Shaw, James  1835
Shaw, WiUiam  1835
Thompson, Alex  1835
Thompson, Alex., Jr.. 1835
Wilson, Joseph  1835
Ennis, Thomas  1835
Kelly, William  1835

The incorporation of the Friendly Sons took place in 1827.
The charter reads as follows :
An Act to Incorporate the Society of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick in the City of New York. Passed February
Thirteenth, One Thousand Eight Hundred and Twenty
Seven. Whereas, the members of a Society instituted for the reUef
of indigent natives of Ireland, and their descendants, have
petitioned the Legislature for an act of incorporation, the
better to enable them to obtain the objects of their associa
tion; therefore
Be it enacted by the People of the State of New York,
represented in Senate and Assembly, that John Chambers,

jo5 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
James McBride, James Magee, Alexander Charters, John
B. Montgomery, John Caldwell, and Daniel McCormick, and
such other persons as now are, or hereafter shall, become
members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick
in the City of New York, are hereby constituted and de
clared a body politic and corporate, in fact and in name, by
the name of " The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick in the City of New York," and by that name they and
their successors during the existence of the said incorpora
tion, shall and may have perpetual succession and shall in law
be capable of suing and being sued, pleading and being im
pleaded, answering and being answered unto, defending and
being defended, in all courts and places whatsoever ; and that
they and their successors may have and use a common seal,
and may change and alter the same from time to time at
their pleasure : and also by their corporate name and in their
corporate capacity, they and their successors may purchase,
take, hold, use, and enjoy, sell, lease and convey any estate,
real or personal, for the use and benefit of said corporation ;
provided, that the annual income of such real and personal
estate shall not at any time exceed Five Thousand Dollars.
2. And be it further enacted, that the said corporation shall
have power to make such constitutions, by-laws and regu
lations as they shall judge proper for the appointment of ,
officers, for the admission of new members, for the govern
ment of the officers and members thereof, for collecting an
nual contributions from the members towards the funds
thereof, for regulating the times and places of meeting of the
said Society, for suspending or expeUing such members as
shall neglect or refuse to comply with the by-laws or regula
tions, and for the managing and directing the property, affairs
and concerns of said Society; provided, that such constitution,
by-laws and regulations be not inconsistent with the Laws
or Constitution of this State, or of the United States : pro
vided further, that the said corporation shall not engage in
any banking business, nor dispose of any of its funds for any
other purpose than the relief of such members of the said

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 107
Society, natives of Ireland, and children and grand-children
of natives of Ireland, or of a member of said Society, who
may become indigent and poor.
3. And be it further enacted, that the present officers of
said Society shall hold their respective offices until others
shall be chosen in their places.
4. And be it further enacted, that this Act be, and hereby
is declared to be a pubUc act, and that the same shall be con
strued in all courts and places, benignly and favorably for
every beneficial purpose therein intended, and that no mis
nomer of the said corporation in any deed, gift, grant, de
vise or other instrument of contract or conveyance, shall
vitiate or defeat the same; provided, the Corporation shall
be sufficiently disinterested to ascertain the intention of the
parties. 5. And be it further enacted, that the Legislature may at
any time hereafter amend, alter, modify or repeal this act.

It may be stated, as a matter of interest, that early in 1901,
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick here mentioned had a mem
bership of 500 — the limit — and had a waiting list of forty
names. The assets of the Society at existing market values
exceeded $53,000, against which there were no liabilities.

CHAPTER XI.
The Hibernian Provident Society of New York — It has an Observance
of St. Patrick's Day as far back as 1801 — Many Celebrations of the Anni
versary held by it in Subsequent Years — Toasts Proposed in 1807 by
George Clinton, Jr., and Pierre C. Van Wyck — The Society Prominent for
Many Years.
The Hibernian Provident Society of New York met " at
Mr. Adams' hotel," * that city, March 17, 1801, for the pur
pose of " adopting a constitution for their government, and
for pointing out the mode of assisting unfortunate members
of the society, and giving aid to such distressed Irish emi
grants as may be required. The business being finished; they
retired and partook of a repast provided for the occasion."
The Society unanimously adopted a Constitution, f a copy
of which we present in another chapter. The organization
continued in existence for many years. Numerous promi
nent people were included in its membership, and the So
ciety was a participant in many notable events. It did
much good work of a charitable and benevolent nature, and
for years was one of the representative Irish societies of
New York City.
After its business session, March 17, 1801, it " partook of
a repast,", as already stated, and then enjoyed the following
toasts :
I. Ireland — May we ere the close of the year 1801, haU
her an independent nation, and her sons and daughters free
and happy.
2. The memory of those brave and patriotic Irishmen
whose lives have been nobly, though unsuccessfully, sacri-
*"The American Citizen" (N. Y.), March 20, 1801.
t Either at this or a subsequent meeting. The copy in the possession
of the New York Historical Society states that the Constitution was
adopted in 1802. Perhaps preliminary steps were taken at the meeting
in 1801.

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 109
ficed, either on the scaffold or in the field, in attempting the
emancipation of their country from British tyranny.
3. (Left out or toasts misnumbered.)
4. Henry Jackson, and the exiled patriots of Ireland — May
they be speedily recalled to enjoy the sweets of Uberty in
their native land.
5. The people of America, the freest and consequently the
happiest on earth — May they duly appreciate and never sur
render their religious and political rights.
6. The President of the United States — May his admin
istration prove him worthy that confidence which placed him
in the most honorable official situation in the world, the first
servant of the American people.
.7. The memories of Washington, Franklin, and the de
parted worthies of America.
8. William Penn, and the first Europeans who settled in
North America — Ever honored be that noble spirit which
preferred liberty in a wilderness, to slavery in their native
land. 9. Equal representation and the liberty of the press, the
only sure guarantee of liberty.
10. The Alien and Sedition laws, the late shields of mis
rule, peculation, and treason — May all future attempts to re
vive them, be considered by the Americans, as signals that
liberty is in danger.
II. " Serious Consideration " — May the people always re
ceive with due abhorrence, every impious attempt to make
reUgion the instrument wherewith to enslave a whole nation,
to entail misery and wretchedness on thousands of miUions
yet unborn.
12. The Fair of Columbia and Hibernia — May they ever
favour the generous youths who nobly assert and defend the
rights of them and their posterity.
Volunteers.
May Irishmen (if ever necessary) continue to be found in
the advance guard of American Independence.

JJO EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Universal suffrage, trial by jury, and the liberty of the
press — the political trinity of freemen.
The starving human property of George the 3d on the
Island of Britain — May hunger (if nothing else can) make
them partake of the spirit of their ancestors of the 17th cen
tury, and prompt them to avenge the injuries of mankind, by
breaking their chains on the guilty heads of their blood
stained tyrants.
The " American Citizen " (N. Y.), March 17, 1802, con
tained this notice: Hibernian Provident Society.
The Annual Meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society
wiU be held at Adams' Hotel, WUliam-street, at 6 o'clock on
Wednesday Evening the 17th inst. for the purposes of elect
ing officers and for transacting other business of the Society.
The members are requested to attend promptly at the above
hour. March 19, 1802, the " Citizen," just mentioned, reported
that:

The Hibernian Provident Society met at Adams' Hotel,
William-street, on the 17th inst. being the anniversary of
their institution, when the following persons were elected
officers for the ensuing year.
Robert Swanton, President,
Andrew Morton, M.D., Vice President.
John Riddle, M.D., Second Vice President.
David Bryson, Secretary.
After the business of the day was over, they, with other
republicans, retired to partake of a collation provided for
the occasion by Mr. Adams, and the following toasts were
drank :
I. The afflicted sons and weeping daughters of that blood
besprinkled and tear bedewed land, Erin.
2. The memories of Orr, Harvey, and Bond, and their
brave and virtuous co-patriots who fell in the field and bled

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY ill
on the scaffold in the late noble, though unsuccessful attempt
to emancipate their country from British tyranny and do
mestic treason.
3. O'Connor, Russel, and Emmet, and their incarcerated
countrymen in Fort George and the other Bastiles of Great
Britain and Ireland — May some fortunate event speedily en
able them to enjoy with us the sweets of liberty.
4. The inglorious memory of that corrupt, venal, debased,
and contemptible assembly of traitors, the late Parliament
of Ireland — May the recollection of their repeated treasons
serve to convince republicans of the danger of tolerating in
legislative bodies the assumption of undelegated powers.
5. May the Republican Irish, resident in the United States,
ever gratefully acknowledge that they are indebted to the
American people for an asylum from oppression, and be ever
found among the foremost (whether citizens or soldiers)
in advancing the happiness and honour of their adopted
country. 6. The American people politically omnipotent — May
they, by a wise and virtuous exercise of sovereignty, ever
save themselves from their worst enemies.
7. The Federal and State constitutions — May they ever, as
hitherto, withstand the attacks of designing aristocrats,
avowed royalists, and proscribed traitors, whether in or out
of office.
8. The national legislature, beneficially employed in cor
recting past errors and diminishing public burdens.
9. The State of New York — Prosperous and democratic.
10. The memory of Washington, Franklin, Montgomery,
and the other departed worthies who contributed in freeing
their country from the shackles of British domination.
II. The President of the United States, who exhibits to an
approving world, the too novel but admonitory example of
an executive voluntarily sacrificing its patronage on the altar
of public good.
12. The Vice President of the United States — May the
odium of aristocratic praise never diminish his popularity.

IJ2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
13. The Governor of the State, of New York — May merit
like his ever meet its reward, the approbation of an enlight
ened people.
14. The Mayor of New York — The genuine republican,
enlightened statesman, and upright magistrate.
15. The Republican Youth of France who drubbed into
compliance the crowned despots of Europe, with their nu
merous hordes of titled and untitled slaves.
16. The American Fair — May none but republicans be
favoured with their smiles. Volunteers.
By the Chairman — The three leaved Shamrock of Ireland
-r-May it ever remind republicans of the three theological
virtues. Faith, Hope, and Charity, imperative of their duty
to relieve a republican in distress, and ameliorate his situa
tion. Peace — May it effect what war has faUed to do; the de
struction of British despotism.
Gerald's Sentiment — Poor Ireland, for which God has done
so much, and Man so little !
May Irish Democrats who, forgetting their dignity,
stooped so low as to associate with royalists under a roof
surmounted by a crown, sensibly feel the degradation to
which they submitted.

In " The American Citizen," March 16, 1803, we find this
notice : Hibernian
Provident Society of New York.
The Annual Meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society
of New York will be held at Adams' Hotel, 68 WiUiam-street,
on Thursday the 17th instant, at 6 P.M. The members are
requested to be punctual in attending at that hour, and to
come prepared to discharge their arrears. David Bryson, Sec'ry.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 113
N.B. The names of such members as wiU be found more
than twelve months in arrear, and who reside in this city,
will be struck off the roll of the society.
Speaking of the meeting and its attendant exercises, " The
Citizen," March 22, 1803, says :

The Hibernian Provident Society of New York met on
the evening of the 17th inst. at Adams' Hotel, to celebrate
the anniversary of their institution, and to elect officers for
the ensuing year. The members after partaking of a repast
prepared for the occasion, drank the following Toasts, ac
companied with appropriate patriotic Songs.
I. Erin, alas; subjugated Erin — May the oppression and
consequent wretchedness of her inhabitancy be a warning to
Americans, carefully to preserve the source of their happi
ness, self government.
2. The memory of the Irish Heroes who fell in the late
virtuous attempt to wrest their country from British Do
minion. 3. The patriots lately liberated from Fort George, and
the other Bastiles of Great Britain and Ireland — may they
be as successful in their future pursuits, as they have been
firm during a long and severe persecution.
4. Our Sovereign, the American people.
5. The republic of America — may her adopted sons be
found amongst the foremost to oppose domestic intrigues,
and to repel foreign aggression.
6. The state and federal constitutions, the shields of
. American liberty — may they ever withstand the attacks of
royalists and aristocrats, whether openly avowed, or masked
under the guise of false federalism.
7. The free navigation of the Mississippi, the outlet of our
western produce — should negotiation fail to establish our
natural rights, American Bayonets, wielded by republican
youth, will not.
8. The memory of Washington, Franklin, Montgomery,

IJ4 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
and the other departed worthies whose virtuous labors
effected the emancipation of their country.
9. Thomas Jefferson — the faithful servant of a free people.
10. Our Governor, George Clinton, the firm and undevi
ating republican.
II. The Mayor and Recorder of New York — may none
but republicans ever fill the magistracy of our city.
12. Citizen Monroe — may the result of his mission prove
the wisdom of trying negotiation before war be resorted to.
13. Samuel Adams — the virtuous and venerable patriot.
14. Thomas Paine — the vigilant centinel of liberty.
15. Political liberty, and its never failing attendant — hap
piness to all mankind.
16. A free Press — the terror of Tyrants.
17. Federal malignity and calumny — monuments of safety,
with which, error of opinion may be tolerated where reason
is left free to combat it.
Volunteers — The American Fair — may they always re
ceive with indignant frowns, the advances of those who would
enslave their descendants.
The state of Ohio — may she prove a second Kentucky.
The Harp, as it ought to be, uncrowned.

In the " American Citizen," March 16, 1804, and the N. Y.
" Evening Post," March 17, the same, year, this notice
appears : Hibernian Provident Society.
The members wiU meet at the Union Hotel, No 68
William-street, on Saturday Evening, March 17, at 6 o'clock,
to celebrate the Anniversary of the Society, — Supper will
be on the table at half past 7 precisely. — Tickets to be had
at the Bar or from the Members of the Committee of Ar
rangements. — Each Member is at liberty to introduce one
or more republican Friends. David Bryson, Secretary.
The " Citizen," March 22, 1804, thus describes the pro
ceedings :

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 115
The Hibernian Provident Society
of New York
Met according to annual custom at the Union Hotel, on the
17th instant, to celebrate the Anniversary of their Institu
tion. After the business of the Society was finished, about
100 of the members retired to partake of a supper provided
for the occasion by Citizen Cuthbert, and to spend the even
ing in festive conviviality. The cloth being removed, the
following Toasts were drank, accompanied with appropriate
songs. I. The day and all good men who honor it; may the re
volving festival joyfully announce the freedom and inde
pendence of the Sons of St. Patrick.
2. Erin, the land of our nativity; while we enjoy the
blessings of political Uberty, we regret the sufferings of her
enslaved inhabitants.
3. America : where Liberty dwells, there is our country.
4. The memory of the Patriots who bled on the scaffold,
or fell in the field, in attempting to effect the independence
of Ireland.
5. The memory of the departed Heroes and Statesmen,
whose patriotic exertions effected American Indpendence.
6. The Fair Patriots of Ireland, now languishing in cells,
at the instance of the British Government — May their sighs
inspire with additional firmness the Sons of their subjugated
f^ountry. 7. Our Sovereign — The American People. (3 times 3
cheers.) 8. Thomas Jefferson — May Political Integrity like his,
ever meet the Patriot's best and dearest reward — ^the ap
probation of a free and enlightened People — (3 times 3
cheers). 9. George Clinton, our Governor — The strenuous sup
porter of honest men and their Republican measures — May
his successors regulate their conduct by his example.
(3 times 3 cheers.)

Ij6 early CELEBRATIONS
IO. The Genius of Ireland. — May her high toned harp,
soon play the funeral dirge of British Domination.
II. The world Republican, and God the only King.
12. The Men who dared to be honest in the worst of times.
13. Louisiana — The bloodless acquisition of a wise ad
ministration. 14. The Harp, as it ought to be, uncrown'd (3 times 3
cheers). 15. The Press — Free and unshackled.
16. The Fair Daughters of Columbia — May Erin's Sons
deserve their smiles.
17. The Distressed.
By the Mayor (who favored the Society with his company)
— The Hibernian Provident Society of New York ; may they
enjoy the blessings of prosperity in their adopted country.
After the Mayor retired — The Mayor of New York.
Volunteers.
Thomas Paine, and the Rights of Man.
St. Tammany; may Tammany and Patrick ever agree.
" The evening was spent in the greatest harmony, and joy
appeared depicted in every countenance."
On Monday, March 18, 1805, we find this notice in the
" Citizen " : Hibernian Provident Society.
The annual meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society of
New York, will be held at the Union Hotel, No. 68 William-
street, at 7 o'clock This Evening, for the purpose of celebrat
ing the Anniversary of their institution. — Punctual attend
ance is requested.
Speaking of this celebration, the "American Citizen,"
March 20, 1805, publishes the foUowing report:

On Monday, the i8th inst. the Hibernian Provident So-

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 117
ciety supped at the Union Hotel, WiUiam-street, when the
foUowing Toasts were drank.
1st. The day, and all good men who honor it.
2d. Ireland as she ought to be, free and independent.
3d. America as she is. Republican and happy.
4th. The memory of the Irish heroes, who bled on the
scaffold or fell on the field, in endeavoring (tho' alas unsuc
cessfully) to emancipate their country.
5th. The memory of the sages and heroes, whose patriotic
exertions effected American Independence.
6th. The American People — may they never surrender
their sovereignty.
7th. Thomas Jefferson, tried and found faithful.
8th. George CUnton, the undeviating Patriot.
9th. The Governor of the State of New York — may he
ever recollect that a steady adherence to principle will alone
command the support of Freemen.
I oth. John Broome, our Lieutenant Governor, the upright
and honest man.
nth. The citizen soldiers of America, the guardians of her
freedom — may the principles which actuate them, be dissem
inated among the armies of tyrants, and the mercenary
soldier converted into the industrious citizen.
1 2th. Man wherever found — may he feel his dignity and
assert his independence.
13th. May negro slavery, that degrading remnant of co
lonial dependence, be speedily abolished.
14th. The Irish Shamrock — may it no longer be over
shadowed by the London Pride.
15th. The press free, but not licentious.
i6th. Integrity and Truth — may private interest never
preponderate when political rights are in the opposite scale.
17th. The American Fair — may they always instil the love
of freedom into the youthful minds of their beloved offspring.
i8th. The Objects of our Institution — Our hearts are
open to relieve the distressed, and our arms are always ready
to defend our rights.

jj8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Volunteers. /
I. The Mayor and Corporation of New York.
2. The Scotch and English Patriots who sympathised with
Ireland in her sufferings, and were wilUng to make common
cause in struggling for liberty.
3. Our adopted country — May it speedily cease to be pol
luted with the presence of Irish Tories and Irish poUtical
trimmers. 4. Freedom of opinion, that etherialized principle which
eludes the grasp of tyranny, and acquires elasticity by com
pression. 5. The citizens of the United States who have become so
from principle — ^may their conduct ever prove their fidelity
to their adopted country.

The following song, rendered at this celebration, was pub
Hshed, " by desire," in the " American Citizen," March 22,
1805: [Song sung at the Hibernian Provident Society's Anni
versary Celebration of St. Patrick's Day.]
A person representing the spirit of Erin, makes the fol
lowing exclamation :
" O my sons, may thy noble efforts in the cause of suffering
virtue, be crowned with immortal happiness ! "
Song.
Hark ! 'tis Erin's voice I hear, caUing to her chUdren dear,
Who in merry roundelay, welcome in this glorious day;
While the genius of her Isle, heav'd a sigh and then a smUe,
At oppression's heavy hand, that forced them from their na
tive land. (This line repeated.)
Now from persecution free they hail this land of liberty.
(This line repeated three times.)

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 1 19
By the Shannon's beauteous side, whose stream in gentle
murmurs glide.
And by Liffey's beds of green, martyr'd heroes oft I've seen.
Men by nature formed to be, their country's lights to liberty.
(This line repeated.)
May Erin's offspring one day be, the guardians of her liberty.
(This line repeated three times.)
Come my friend let no dark tale, o'er thy senses now prevail;
This night we meet for social glee, our principal is charity,
This Heaven's first born and may it be, the type of our
society. (Repeated, this line.)
Our bond of union may it be, the good of our Society.
(This line repeated three times.)
Those patriot sons whom round I see, children of St.
Tammany
Whose holy zeal in freedom's cause, has filled the world with
their applause.
Charge your goblets, fill them high, the theme deserves to
reach the sky.
Let Jefferson and Clinton be the guardians of your liberty.
(This line repeated five times.)
In the " Citizen/' March 15, 1806, a notice is pubUshed to
the effect that the " Hibernian Provident Society wiU cele
brate their anniversary on Monday Evening, the 17th inst.
(at their usual place.) — Supper precisely at 8 o'clock — Each
member may invite one or more republican friends. By
order — Walter Morton, Sec'y."
March 20, 1806, the " Citizen " states that " The following
communication from the Patriotic Hibernian Provident
Society, was received on Tuesday aftemoon, and the Editor
would have been happy had it been in his power to give
it publicity in the ' Citizen ' of yesterday, but its unusual
length rendered its insertion impracticable. The effusions

J20 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
of the high minded and gallant sons of Erin are always
acceptable to him." Here follows the contribution, viz. :

The Hibernian Provident Society commemorated their
Anniversary on the 17th inst. in the Union Hotel, William
street, with their usual festivity, accompanied with that
convivial harmony, and generous flow of soul which are the
marked characteristic of Irish Democratic Republicans.
The following toasts will best make known the prevailing
sentiments of the meeting.
I. The Day — ^And the patriotic sons of St. Patrick,
wherever found.
2. Ireland — May she speedily cease to be a land of slaves.
3. The United States of America — ^The only land of Free
men; long, long may she continue an asylum for the per
secuted patriot.
4. The memory of those brave men who fell for Ireland,
preferring the sacrifice of life to the endurance of despotism.
5. The memory of the Heroes who bled in the cause of
American liberty and independence.
6. The American People — May they never lose sight of
the principles of seventy-six.
7. The President of the United States — Ever vigilant and
faithful. 8. The Vice-President of the United States — Brave in the
field, firm in the cabinet, and honest in both.
9. Democratic Republicanism — Manifested by an adher
ence to principle, not men — May its just indignation be felt
by those who would insolently attempt to lead or mislead us
therefrom. 10. The Republican citizens of New York — Ever ready to
assert their rights.
II. EquaUty — ^May merit be the only foundation of civil
distinctions, and public utility the end.
12. The Press — Uninfluenced by individuals, unawed by
power. • ' •'

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 121
13. The Militia — The safest guardians of our country's
rights. 14. The American Flag — May our citizens never suffer
ic to be insulted with impunity.
15. The Harp of Erin — Decorated with the Shamrock,
and the Cap of Liberty substituted for the British Crown.
16. The Tammany Society, and our RepubUcan brethren
throughout the Union.
17. Speedy liberation to our imprisoned brethren in Ire
land, and an Austerlitz to their enemies.
18. The American Fair.
19. The Girls we left behind us.
Volunteers.
Patriotism, Benevolence and Philanthropy — The funda
mental prin^ples of our Institution — we will steadfastly ad
here to them, undaunted by the invidious calumnies of aristo
cracy, and the insolent impertinence of pride and folly.
By the Vice-President.
The man who dared to be honest in the worst of times.
By the Grand Sachem of the Tammany Society.
The Hibernian Provident Society of the city of New- York
— May the lights of philanthropy, urbanity and generosity,
(characteristic of the institution) illumine with increasing re
fulgence the sphere in which they move.
By a member of Tammany.
That little Island in the Western Ocean, called Erin, or
Patrick's Potatoe Garden — Patrick expelled the four-legged
venomous repetiles which infected it at that day — May his
sons soon extinguish the swarm of two-legged ones, which
are preying on its vitals, from a neighboring island.
By Doctor Mac Neven.
General Gates — The able commander, the humane con
queror, and undeviating Republican.

J22 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
The Society had a card in "The RepubUcan Watch
Tower," March 17, 1807, which read as follows:
Hibernian Provident Society.
The Members are hereby informed, that the Anniversary
Meeting will be held at the Union Hotel, 68 William street,
on Tuesday Evening the 17th instant, at half past 6 o'clock.
Tickets for the members and other Republican friends, to
be had at the bar of the Hotel, or from the Committee of
Arrangement. Supper on the table at 8 o'clock. James MuUany, Sec'y.
In the " Morning Chronicle " of the next day, and also in
the " Watch Tower " of March 20, we are told that :

On the 17th instant the Hibernian Provident Society met
at the Union Hotel, and celebrated the anniversary of their
institution with their usual festivity — ^when the following
toasts were drank.
I. The memory of St. Patrick — ^May his virtues — his
patriotism — his benevolence — ^his worth^-ever be held in
sacred estimation.
2. The land of our nativity —
There may domestic strife,
And foreign thraldom cease,
Ahd liberty the zest of life.
Give comfort, joy and peace.
3. The land of our adoption —
Where the Genius of Liberty dwells.
And the spirit of freedom holds sway.
Where the radiance of reason dispels
The mists that obscure her bright day.
4. The American People — Brave in adversity — in pros
perity the admiration of the world.
5. The memory of the virtuous patriots who fell for Ire
land, preferring the sacrifice of life to the endurance of
despotism.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 1 23
6. The memory of the iUustrious " rebels " who estab
lished America's liberty and independence.
When the mem'ry of high titled ruffians shall cease
Or meet their desert — execration —
Your deeds and your virtues shall still hold their place.
In the hearts of a free — grateful nation.
7. Thomas Jefferson — The friend of mankind — the un
shaken patriot, and uniform republican.
8. George CUnton — Firm amidst the storms of faction and
conflicts of party.
9. Daniel D. Tompkins — His virtue, talents and integrity
claim our confidence, and entitle him to our support.
10. John Broome — ^Tried and found faithful.
II. Thomas Farmar.
12. The Press — Dreaded by knaves — unfeared by upright
men — the friend of truth and the guardian of liberty.
13. Those who hate liberty in America and those who
sigh for it in Europe — May they soon meet half seas over.
14. The Militia — ^That cheap and best defense of the
nation. 15. Representative Government — May slavish tories and
apostate whigs who complain of imported republicans have
more cause of grief from the zealous support given it by
adopted citizens.
16. The Harp of Erin, decorated with the Shamrock, and
the cap of liberty substituted for the crown.
17. Shelah.
18. The American Fair — May they never receive into their
arms those who do not duly appreciate public rights and
domestic duties.
Among many excellent volunteer toasts we notice the
following :
By the Grand Sachem of the Tammany Society.
The Hibernian Provident Society of the City of New York
— May their distinguished characteristics, benevolence, phil-

124 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
anthropy, and patriotism be ever revered by the sons of
Columbia. By Doctor MitcheU.
The Hibernian Provident Society — Long may it continue
to teach the stranger how to be at home, and to gladden the
heart of the afflicted. By George Clinton, jun. Esq.
The Republican Irish who have sought an asylum in this
country from persecution — We hail them as brothers — No
alien law. By Pierre C. Van Wyck, Esq.
The Irish Nation — Brave in war — generous in peace, and
great in nobility of the heart.
By the President.
The Tammany Society — As' it has commenced, so may it
progress in the support of genuine republicanism — and the
only strife between it and our society be which will be the
most aiding in that honorable pursuit.
By a Member.
A PoUsh dance to the United Irishmen, and a Jena rout
to their enemies.

CHAPTER XII.
The Hibernian Provident Society (Continued)— Pecuniary Aid ex
tended Members in Need of Such— St. Patrick's Day Celebrations by the
Society in 1808, 1809, and 1810— A Toast to " The Heroes of '76 "—Fes
tivities Held at the Union Hotel in New York City— Some Details of the
Observances. Continuing to note the career of the Hibernian Provident
Society, we find in the " Public Advertiser " (N.Y.), March,
1808, this notice, which is self-explanatory:
" In pursuance of a resolution of the Hibernian Provident
Society, the standing committee thereof will attend at Robert
Swanton's Office, 44 Cherry-street, from 7 to 8 o'clock,
on the evenings of Monday and Thursday next, and on the
evening of each succeeding Monday, until the 1 7th of March,
for the purpose of receiving applications from such of the
Members as are in need of pecuniary aid, in consequence
of sickness or of being out of employ.
" Note — Mr. Thomas Foote, No. 219 Greenwich-street,
and Mr. Alexander M'Beth, No. 18 Orchard-street, wUl re
ceive applications every day."
The New York City Directory, 1808, gives the officers
of the Society as Robert Swanton, president; John McKinley
first vice president; Alexander M'Beth, second vice presi
dent; James Hayes, treasurer; Ignatius Redmond, secretary;
Henry Eagle, assistant; Robert Moore, Dennis H. Doyle,
Cornelius Heeny, Thomas Foote, Doctor Morton, George
White, and John Craig, standing committee.
In the "Public Advertiser" (N. Y.), March i, 1808
appeared this card:

J 26 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Hibernian Provident Society.
A regular meeting of the H. P. S. will be held on Thurs
day evening next, at the Union Hotel, No. 68 William
Street. The members are requested to attend early for the
purpose of electing officers for the ensuing year, and other
business of importance. Ign. Redmond.
In its issue of March i8, 1808, the "Advertiser" makes
this report of ,the celebration:
Hibernian Provident Society.
Yesterday the Hibernian Provident Society met at Mar
tin's Union Hotel, according to the annual custom, and
after partaking of a plenteous feast, with liberal libations,
they drank the following Toasts, interspersed with some
excellent and original Songs, and the united harmony of
congenial minds:
I. The Day — ^^May the virtues of Saint Patrick ever regu
late our mirth and govern our conduct.
2. Ireland — A recollection of her past and a knowl
edge of her present sufferings will operate on us as a lasting
memento of the blessed effects of British amity — " Erin go
Bragh." 3. The United States — Enabled by her internal resources
to maintain her independence, and rank as a nation, with
out the European resort of fraud — ^bloodshed — tyranny,
and floating engines of destruction and death — " Hail
Columbia." 4. The memory of aU who have devoted their talents or
sacrificed their lives in the cause of liberty — "Wallace."
5. The American People — Firm amidst the injustice of
foreign aggression, the infamous designs of domestic traitors,
the croakings of unprincipled speculators, and the howHngs
of intriguing tories.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 127
6. Democratic Representative Government — Founded in
right, supported by justice and truth, its adherents will stand
steadfast and immovable in the principles that uphold it,
looking to measures without being led or misled by men —
" Huzza brave Americans."
7. Thomas Jefferson — High in the confidence of his coun
try, and deservedly beloved by his fellow-citizens — his volun
tary retirement from public life (although a loss) will be an
illustrious example to posterity.
8. George Clinton — ^The upright and enlightened states
man — the brave soldier — and the faithful and virtuous citizen
— " Jefferson and Clinton."
9. Union — The rock of republican safety.
10. The Congress of the United States — Embargo and
non-iritercourse with the nations who are insensible to the
advantages of our commerce, if they do not already feel it,
their wants will soon pinch them to a sense of justice. —
" Liberty Tree."
II. Daniel D. Tompkins, Governor of the State of New
York — May he ever continue to deserve the support of his
fellow-citizens — " Shanboy."
12. John Broome, Lieutenant Governor — ^We know his
virtues and appreciate them.
13. Adopted Citizens — ^With native hearts, attached to the
principles upon which our political institutions are founded,
and those natives with foreign predilections who are opposed
to them — may both be where they ought to be — " A man's
a man for a' that."
14. The Ocean — Free to all nations, a speedy and uni
versal exclusion from the land to the piratical tyrants of the
seas. 15. Domestic Manufacturers — May the example of Mary
land stimulate every State in the Union, and convince the
Europeans we can supply ourselves — " America, Commerce
and Freedom."
16. The Tammany Society of New York — Persevering in
republicanism, the unburied bones of the victims of British

128 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
tyranny will bear an honorable and lasting testimony of their
undeviating patriotism — " Patrick and Tammany."
17. The Fair of Columbia — Their patriotism will enforce
an everlasting embargo, and perpetual non-intercourse with
the enemies of their country. Volunteers.
By the Recorder: The Hibernian Provident Society —
May heaven smile propitious on the exertions of those whose
attachment for each other was awakened by an enthusiasm
for liberty, and cemented by the sympathy of suffering; and
may they present in this their adopted country, an eternal
barrier to the advances of tyranny and oppression.
By the Attorney General: Your adopted Country — In
peace may she protect the oppressed; in war may her stand
ard be to the brave who fight under it a certificate of natura
lization.

On St. Patrick's Day, 1809, the Hibernian Provident
Society " met as usual " to celebrate the anniversary. ' After
a business session the members " sat down to a supper pro
vided for the occasion." Later toasts were drank " inter
spersed with patriotic, social and sentimental songs." The
" Public Advertiser," March 18, that year, had this account
of the event:

St. Patrick's Day.

The Hibernian Provident Society having met as usual
to celebrate their anniversary, after performing the necessary
business of the society, sat down to a supper provided for the
occasion by Mr. S. Martin. After the cloth was removed,
the following toasts were drank, interspersed with patriotic,
social and sentimental songs:
I. The day we celebrate — On its next return may all the
children of St. Patrick be as free and as happy as we are. —
" Patrick's Day."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 129
2. The land we live in — The injustice of foreign powers
tho' aided by internal traitors, cannot divert genuine republi
cans from the preservation of its integrity, independence and
liberties — " Hail Columbia."
3. The land we left — It has been long in bondage, the day
of retribution will come — " Erin Go Bragh."
4. Thomas Jefferson — Although he is no longer at the
head, he will be forever in the hearts of the American people.
— 17 cheers — " Jefferson and Liberty."
5. James Madison, President of the United States — An
experienced pilot, appointed to the helm in a stormy season,
he deserves, and will receive the support of all hands — 9
cheers. 6. George Clinton, Vice President of the United States —
The veteran in war and poUtics, he has long and faithfully
served his country, and enjoys the highest reward to a
patriot's mind, the esteem and confidence of his fellow
citizens. — 9 cheers.
7. Daniel D. Tompkins, Governor of the State of New
York — : Faithful in the discharge of his duty — 6 cheers.
Song, " Long Life and Success to the Farmer."
8. John Broome, Lieutenant Governor — Hoary in the
service of his country, and firm in the path of political
rectitude — 6 cheers. — Song, " A man's a man for a' that."
9. Levi Lincoln and the republicans of the eastern States —
Their honest exertions to defeat the attempts of tories and
British hirelings to sever the union, assure to them the ap
probation and support of their country. 17 cheers — song,
" Yankee Doodle."
10. Self government — ^The pride and glory of civilized
man, may every exertion for its attainment or preservation,
be crowned with success. 9 cheers.
II. The State of New York, strong in repubUcan vigor
and correct principle — May its voice be distinctly heard, and
sUence the din of faction — 6 cheers. Song, " The Din of
Fools Can ne'er Distract us."
12. The Heroes of '76 — May those who enjoy the bless-

J30 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
ings they bled for, have courage to preserve them or die in
their defence. Song, " The War Worn Soldier."
13. The Militia of the United States — ^The constitutional
bulwark of a free country — 9 cheers. Song, " My Country
Calls." 14. The freedom of the Seas — The common right of all
nations, daringly and unjustly violated by belligerent aggres
sions— 9 cheers. Song, "No Tribute We'll Pay."
15. Agriculture and Manufactures, and Commerce their
handmaid — 9 cheers. Song, " America, Commerce and
Freedom." 16. The friends of freedom, in every country and every
clime — 3 cheers. Song, " Hail ye Friends of Liberty ! "
17. The Fair, man's best friend, his most pleasing com
panion, his cushla-ugh-chree. Song, " Cushla machree."
Volunteers.
By the Rev. Mr. Birch — The friends of liberty, concentra
ted in America, have convulsed the thrones of despotism —
May their bright example banish superstitition and religious
tyranny out of the world, and perfect a general reformation.
By R. Riker, Esq. — The sons of Erin, steadfast to Am
erica, in the hour of danger — May they be affectionately re
membered in the day of prosperity.
By a member — The straight line of political conduct —
The true road to lasting reputation, best preserved by keep
ing impostors and apostates at a proper distance.
By a member. — Correct principle — may it never be super
ceded by expediency.
By a member. — Political integrity, with which the glory
and independence — the degradation and slavery of nations
are inseparably connected.
By a member. — The memory of the Irish heroes whose
lives were sacrificed on the altar of British tyranny in the
glorious, though unsuccessful attempt to free their country.
That we wiU cherish their memory, in hopes their spirits,
exalted by their virtues to a seat of bliss, wiU yet with com-

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 131
placency view their country enjoying that liberty for which
they became martyrs.
In the "Public Advertiser," March 16, 1810, is found this
notice : Hibernian Provident Society.
Will celebrate the anniversary of their institution, on the
17th inst., at the Union Hotel, No. 68 William street, each
member is at liberty to invite one or more republican friends.
Supper on the table precisely at 8 o'clock, P. M. By order of
the committee of arrangement :
N.B. Tickets to be had at the bar.
***The members of the Society will meet at 6 o'clock, in
order to perform the ordinary business, as also to adopt the
constitution as revised. Punctual attendance is requested.
By order of the President,
G. Charles Herford, Sec'ry.
In its issue of March 20, 1810, the "PubUc Advertiser,"
speaking of this celebration says that "St. Patrick's Day was
celebrated by the Hibernian Provident Society with that sin
cerity and liberality which almost proverbially distinguish
the Irishman. The sentiments expressed in their toasts are
truly congenial with those of the American people. What a
contrast does such a meeting present, when compared with
that at the Tontine Coffee House, where Jackson was in
vited, and where the British crown on their flag was waving
the whole day, an object of worship with them, but of
execration to true Americans and their adopted brothers."
In the same issue of the "Advertiser," March 20, is a com
munication giving, in detail, an account of the observance.
It reads as follows : Communication.
Hibernian Provident
Society.
Having met as usual to celebrate the anniversary of their
institution, after performing the ordinary business of the

EARLY CELEBRATIONS
society, sat down (with a number of their republican fellow
citizens, who came to enjoy that convivial hospitality which
their festive board ever evinces) to an excellent supper pre
pared for the occasion; to which the cheerful countenance
and philanthropy of every individual, gave additional zest.
The cloth being removed, the following toasts were drank,
accompanied with appropriate songs.
ist. " The Saint of Shillelah "—We regret that the social
festivity of his day is abused by the orgies of tories, and
that any sons of St. Patrick disgrace his memory and insult
the American people by the insolent display of a British
Crown (3 cheers) — Song, " Patrick's Day."
2d. Ireland — A perusal of her martyrology, the best evi
dence of British tyranny. Song, " Erin Go Bragh."
3d. The United States — A country dear to freedom, to
freemen dear, possessing inexhaustible resources in the in
dustry and patriotism of her citizens, she will neither submit
to the cupidity of British orders, nor the despotism of French
decrees (9 cheers) — Song, " Hail America ! "
4. The People of the United States — Great in the morn of
political existence their increased and increasing energies
will surmount every difficulty — and finally consummate their
glorious destiny. (17 cheers) — Song, " Far from a World of
Tyrants." 5. The memory of the martyrs for Irish freedom —
" Heroes fired with the soul of Erin — ^Alas ! closed are their
eyes in the narrow house, careless of the beams of the morn
ing, their deeds are untold, for silent are the bards, and the
high sounding harp of their fathers is mute. Sons of the
bards awake — raise the echoing song, strike ten thousand
strings, if there is aught of music in the harp pour it on the
memory of the brave."
6. The memory of the heroes who fell in the establish
ment of American independence, engraven on the hearts of
republicans it will descend through future ages — and their
fame be lasting as the republic. Song, " Death of Warren."
7. Thomas Jefferson — A luminary which rose and shone

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 1 33
in his own political hemisphere by the effulgence of intrinsic
virtue. (17 cheers) — Song, "An Honest Man is Chief o'
Men." 8. The President and Vice-President of the United States.
(9 cheers) — Song, "Give us the Men whose Dauntless Souls."
9. The State of New York — Disgraced by faction, dis
tracted by ambitious intriguers and their satellites — ^principle
vrill yet prevail and restore the state to its former standing.
(9 cheers) — " No Placeman I Am."
10. Harmony — Resulting from principle and upright in
tention — best preserved by keeping apostasy and intriguers
at a distance. (3 cheers) — Song, " Unite and be Free."
II. The Governor of the State of New York — His reply
to the assembly assures him the suffrage of every elector who
feels as an American. (6 cheers) — Song, " Long Life and
Success to the Farmer."
12. The Lieutenant-Governor of the State of New York —
Uncontaminated by faction. (6 cheers) — Song, " O'er Fac
tion's Rude Billows Triumphant we'U Ride."
13. Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce. (9 cheers)
14. British partizans and apologists, and those unprinci
pled federalists and factionists, joined in accord and concord
with them — ^We care not by what cord traitors hang to
gether provided it is strong enough. Song, " The Sheep
Stealers." 15. The Harp of Erin — ^Tuned to freedom, it will cease to
be played on by a British band. (9 cheers) — Song, " Dear
Erin how sweetly Thy Green Bosom Rises."
16. Rogues of all parties — Whose professions of patriot
ism are only for office. The ins out, and the outs kept out.
Song, " Vicar of Bray."
17. The Fair — " What signifies the life o' man, an' 'twere
na for the lasses o." Song, " Green Grow the Rushes O."
Volunteers. *
By the President — Our republican fellow citizens who
have been misled. May their ears be closed against the

134 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
specious pretexts and addresses of all unprincipled and
designing men.
By the Vice President — ^A union of sentiment among re
pubhcans — May they rally round the standard of their coun
try, and treat the time-serving sycophants who would
attempt to distract or divide them, with that contempt which
they merit.
By Mr. Braxton — Ireland, the right arm of Britain —
May it always have nerve to resist oppression, and may it
always be lifted in the cause of emancipation and self-govern
ment. By Captain Suett — The Harp of Ireland. It may be un
tuned by the hand of oppression but may it never cease to
play the song of liberty and independence.
The Sons of Erin — May the liberality of their hearts never
be dampt by the poverty of their pockets.
The United States of America — May they never be Co-
penhagened. The Army of the United States — Possessing the spirit and
fortitude of patriotism and independence, they will ever
maintain the rights of their country.
The Irish Harp — Mournful are its sounds among the hills.
It groans under the weight of a foreign crown. Soon may
it be reUeved from its oppressive burthen; soon may Ireland
" take her place among the nations of the earth."

CHAPTER XIII.
The Hibernian Provident Society (Continued) — Observances by the
Organization in 1811, 1812, 1813, and other Years — Sentiments by Major
McClure, Capt. M'Keon, Capt. Ogilvie, and a Number of Others — A Toast
to " the Twelfth Congress of the United States " and one to " American
Tars " — Other Patriotic Sentiments.
Under the head of " Hibernian Provident Society," the
"Public Advertiser" of March 20, 181 1, has the following
detailed report of the event that year :
" The anniversary of this Patriotic and Benevolent Institu
tion, was celebrated on the i8th inst. at the Union Hotel.
After transacting the ordinary business of the evening, the
Members, with a number of Republican friends, sat down
to an excellent supper prepared for the occasion. The fol
lowing toasts, interspersed with sentimental and patriotic
songs, added a high zest to the conviviality of the even-
ing." Then follow the toasts, viz :
I. The day we celebrate — May every returning Anniver
sary, find us united in friendship, and firm in political
integrity. 2. The Land we left — Suffering under the scourge of Tyr
anny — A practical comment on the pernicious effect of a
Minority ruling the Majority.
3. The Land we live in — The land of liberty, where the
public will must become the public law.
4. The People of the United States — Their rights well
understood, will preserve them from every species of aris
tocracy — ^And their energies properly directed, secure them
)from foreign aggression.

136

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

5. Public Confidence — Extended to all who really deserve
it — withheld from those who do not.
6.' Principle — Founded on Right — Supported by Truth,
and guided by Reason — Evinced by Practice, which outlives
the clamours of Faction, and stands the test of Time.
7. The memory of the brave and generous men, who sac
rificed their lives in the late noble, but alas! unsuccessful
attempt to emancipate Ireland.
8. The memory of Washington, and the other departed
sages and heroes of the Revolution.
9. Thomas Jefferson — ^A rare example to his contempo
raries and to posterity — A public character who continued
the same, in and out of office.
10. The President, Vice-President, and constituted au
thorities of the Union.
II. The 1 2th Congress of the United-States — More de
cision, and less procrastination than the loth and nth.
12. The independent members of both houses of Con
gress, who put down that Hydra of Toryism, the Anglo-
United-States-Bank — They all deserve well of the Republic
especially the venerable Patriot and Veteran who, when it
hung in awful suspense, gave the finishing blow which con
signed the monster to oblivion.
13. The State of New York — May the proposed Conven
tion extirpate the remains of aristocracy, undue influence,
and colonial degradation, which still disgrace its political
code — correct all defects — reform every abuse, and insure
lasting harmony to the people.
14. The Republicans of the City and County of New
York — Samsons yet unshorn, who so effectually aided the
overthrow of British influence and federal delusion in 1800,
and have since been the first to resist every faction which
dared to raise its head — Animated by the same spirit and
principle, their importance ought to be duly appreciated by
their brethren of the state and of the union.
15. Integrity and Intelligence — Pillars of public virtue —
Antidotes to political imposture and intrigue.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 137
16. Office-Hunters and Office-Holders who only profess
Republicanism for selfish ends, and growl when disappointed
— ^A speedy translation of them to the federal ranks.
17. Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce — If Euro
pean injustice and rapacity have diminished the one, Amer*
ican patriotism and industry have increased the others.
18. The Fair who adorn the Land — " Sweet as the breath
of mom — Soft as Summer showers — ^As Autumn mild —
Soothing and solacing man through life's revolving seasons."
Volunteers.
By Major M'Clure.
Independent Legislators — May our next Representatives
legislate for the people — not negotiate for themselves.
By Mr. Fellows.
Joel Barlow — Our minister to France.
By Mr. A. M'Bath.
Henry Rutgers — The true Patriot — The Widow and Or
phan's friend. By a Visitor.
May no power exist unless derived from the people, and
exercised for their benefit. By Mr. Morton.
Public opinion — It may be led but cannot be driven —
May it always command respect and obedience.
By a Member.
" Political Leaders " — ^May that Anti-Republican phrase
be forever expunged from the vocabulary of freemen.
Many excellent Volunteers are omitted owing to the gen
tlemen who gave them, not having committed them to paper.

The toasts at the banquet of the Hibernian Society, in
honor of St. Patrick's Day, 1812, included *
The Day. While it awakens recollections dear to our na- ,
* From " The Shamrock," April, 1812.

138

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

tive land, it should excite to the paramount duties we owe
to the country of our choice.
The People of the United States. One voice in councU,
one arm to strike.
Ireland. A total separation from Britain, the sure mode
of emancipation; repeal of partial grievances only retards
her independence.
PubUc Spirit — Steeled with firmness, tempered with jus
tice, loving peace without fearing war.
The lamp of patriotism — Extinguished only with the lamp
of life.
Education — Parent of Virtue, Nurse of Science, and Germ
of Patriotism, the sentinel, benefactor and guardian of the
republic. Principle — A speedy arrival to the day when it will not be
bartered for office.
The " Western Star and Harp of Erin," March 20, 1813,
contains a detailed account of a celebration that year and
gives a Ust of the toasts presented. The paper mentioned
tells us that the

New York
Hibernian Provident Society
Celebrated the anniversary (as usual) on the 17th inst.,
at the Union Hotel, when the following toasts were
drank :
I. The Day — devoted to sympathetic recollections, and
patriotic feelings.
2. The United States of America — great, enlightened and
free — possessing energy and resources adequate in every
crisis. 3. The People of the United States — though agitated by
internaj fires — ^like ^tna — they will hurl destmction on
every external foe.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 139
4. War, vigorous War! — till the Nation's Wrongs are
avenged, the Country's Rights secured — Then, three cheers
for peace.
5. Ireland — ill-fated Country — doomed to fight the bat
tles of her own oppressors.
6. James Madison, re-elected President — the undivided
choice of the Republicans of the Union.
7. Elbridge Gerry, Vice-President — a steady luminary in
a cloudy atmosphere.
8. The Public Mind — invigorated by information — ani
mated by the consciousness of what is due to itself.
9. Thomas Jefferson — a guide and example for the real
Patriot and faithful Citizen.
10. True Ambition — that of serving the RepubUc — op
posed to the ambition of individuals.
II. Principle, and her uniform Adherents — by whom de
ceitful leaders — and their pliant tools — are detested.
12. Daniel D. Tompkins — Governor of the State of New
York — his exertions in aid of the General Government merit
the confidence of his country, and our united support.
13. Our Army — " The presaging flashes of heroic enter
prize already displayed, ensure its future triumphs " — and
ultimate renown.
14. American Tars — Sons of Neptune, armed with the
thunder of Jove.
15. The Rights of the Nation — better understood — the
Duties of the Citizen better practised.
16. The RepubUcans of the State of New York — discern
ment to distinguish Patriotism from Selfishness — the interest
of the Public from the designs of Faction.
17. Tories — Old and New — Native or Exotic — Marshal's
passports — time, three seconds ; destination, " the fast-
anchored isle."
18. Licensed Trade with the Enemy — " the friends of
Great Britain in America," and the friends of America in
Great Britain — exchanged at par.
19. The Fair — In war, our comfort — in peace, our joy.

j^o EARLY CELEBRATIONS

Volunteers.

By the President — The Tammany Society of New York —
opposing the seductive arts of Faction, and supporting the
great chain of National Union.
By the Vice-President — The Republicans of South Am
erica, speedily emancipated from European domination.
By Mr. Wheaton — " Erin, — sweetest isle of the Ocean ! "
— May she soon be free from the fast-anchor'd Isle.
By Mr. Broome — Retaliation ! — May its law be the ^gis
which shall protect all who fight under our banners.
By Capt. Ogilvie — May the avenging sword of Justice
remain unsheathed, until our just rights are duly ac
knowledged. By Capt. M'Keon — Sackett's Harbour— a harbour for
British prisoners.

In "The Columbian," March i6, 1815, it was announced
that " The Hibernian Provident Society will celebrate the
anniversary of the institution as usual, at Mr. Sagar's, corner
of Nassau and Little George streets, Friday evening, 17th
inst. Supper on the table at 8 o'clock. The members will
introduce their RepubUcan friends. Tickets at the bar. By
order of the Committee of Arrangements. David Bryson, Sec'ry."
In the same paper, on March 16, 1816, appeared this an
nouncement :

Hibernian Provident Society.
The Hibernian Provident Society will celebrate the ensu
ing anniversary of St. Patrick on Monday evening, the i8th
inst., at Connolly's Hotel, corner of Nassau and George
streets. The members are at liberty to invite their Republi
can friends. By order of the Committee.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 141
N.B. In consequence of the Ward Meetings being held
on Monday Evening, the Society will not meet until half-
past 8 o'clock.
In its report of this celebration, " The Columbian," March
21, 181 6, informs us that:

The Hibernian Provident Society
Celebrated their anniversary, as usual, on the i8th inst.
when the following toasts were drunk :
The Day — One to St. Patrick — three-hundred and sixty-
five for our country.
Self-government — The magna charta of freemen.
Our Country — The rights of man the element of her ex
istence — his happiness her glory.
The People — Great without ostentation — noble without
nobility. Union of the States — A gordian knot, which treason failed
to cut, and faction to untie.
The Republican Phalanx — Vulnerable only by disunion.
The President of the United States.
The Army — Their laurels cherished — their services, re
warded. Our Seamen — ^The theatre of their glory is boundless as
the ocean.
Thomas Jeflferson — ^A name, embodied with our national
existence — lasting as its duration.
Science — The partizan of no country — the beneficent pa
troness of all.
The Hartford Convention — " The mountain in labor, that
brought forth a mouse."
The Patriots of South America — When freed from pre
judice tyranny expires.
The Liberty of Europe — " A cant phrase, invented by
knaves, and made current among fools."
Industry — " Put thy shoulder to the wheel, then call upon
Hercules."

142 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Hospitality — Open doors and open hearts to every child
of misfortune.
Ireland — The genius which should have elevated her des
tiny has rivetted her chains — Silent be the harp, till better
men and better times awake its strings to freedom.
Ups and downs of life — The honest down up, the roguish
up down.
The Fair — " Diffusing smiles that soften every thought,
and tune to sighs of love each passing gale."

The following statement which appears in " The Colum
bian," March 19, 1817, possesses some measure of interest
as a curiosity of the time. It seems to indicate a slight rip
ple on the surface, — a political ripple:
Manoeuvring; or " Much •a.Ao about Nothing."
The public and usual notice of the annual celebration and
transactions, was not given to the Hibernian P. Society on
the last anniversary : but private circulars were sent round —
to how many we do not know. When convened, the follow
ing resolve was somehow or other palmed on a pliant
meeting :
" Hibernian Provident Society. At the annual meeting
of the society, on the 17th instant, the following resolution
was adopted unanimously, and ordered for publication in
the ' National Advocate,' the ' MercantUe Advertiser,' and
the ' Columbian.'
An unauthorized statement of the last election for officers
of this society, having appeared in the ' Columbian ' of the
7th instant, accompanied by some unfounded, and illiberal in
sinuations against the character of Mr. Cornelius Heeney,
a worthy and respectable member of this society — Therefore
Resolved, That we retain undiminished confidence in the
political integrity and private worth of Mr. Heeney — and
that his zeal and fideUty in representing the sentiments — the
wishes — and the interests of his constituents in the legisla
ture — ^justly merit, and receive, the cordial approbation of
this society. By order of the society.
David Bryson ) r. ^ • „
Wm. Cox \ Secretaries.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 143
To this, "The Columbian," presumably by its editor,
thus made reply:
Remarks on these False and FooUsh Resolutions.
When the Secretary called at this office yesterday, I turned
to the files of the " Columbian " and read the statement of
the election, which they admitted to be correct. What then
is the object of the resolution? To make a false impression
on the public. Why did they not point out " unfounded and
illiberal insinuation ? " Because they could not find them.
The " private worth " of Cornelius Heaney was never ques
tioned : but his political integrity or wisdom is quite another
thing. His vote on the election law is at variance with the
judgment of every sane man in New York. The only excuse
we can find for that vote is that he saw the constitution,
under the influence of terror; — that he dreaded the denunci
ation of the junta who disgrace this city, and looked at ob
jects through the medium of fear.
This manoeuvre was intended to gain a little of what was
lost at the 4th ward meeting; and may be regarded as a
species of smuggUng. It is really " much ado about
nothing ;" because our brief statement and remarks are true.
Capt. M'Keon, a Clintonian, was elected — Mr. Heaney an
anti-Clintonian, was rejected.
But D. Bryson, &c. retain their confidence in Mr. H's
political integrity! — That may be; though the RepubUcans
of New York think very differently.
Finally, nobody denies Mr. Heeney's " private worth "
and generosity; but every body will ask, why the cunning
Mr. Bryson & Co. pretend to defend what was never im
peached ?
The political ripple seems to have continued to disturb the
surface for some time, for in " The Columbian," of March 21,
1 81 7, we find this statement:
More of the Hibernian Provident Society.
It has been usual for the members of this society to dine
together on St. Patrick's Day, in order to celebrate the anni
versary of their institution. This practice, we believe, had
never been deviated from till after Capt. McKeon's election
to the presidency on the first Thursday of the present month.

144 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
when some of the gentlemen who had managed the affairs
of that society for some years back, in consequence of the
secession of several others who retired in disgust, now find
ing, contrary to their expectation, that the sceptre had de
parted from the legitimate junta, and that their occupation
was gone, immediately on the result of the election being
announced, retreated from the room in high dudgeon; and
one of the officers would not even condescend to give a civil
answer to a proposition of the president-elect to make pre
parations for the celebration of the ensuing anniversary.
We have shown that the resolution has no foundation in
fact or truth, and dismiss it to the shades of contempt, with
other ephemeral pieces of artifice.

On Thursday evening, March 2, 1820, the Hibernian
Provident Society elected these officers : —
William Cox, President.
WilUam Donovan, ist Vice-President.
James J. M'Donnell, 2d Vice-President.
Garit Byrne, Treasurer.
David Bryson, Thomas S. Brady, Secretaries.
Dr. Cuming, Robert Swanton, Stephen White, Andrew
Dooley, Standing Committee.
James Hays, Walter Morton, Dr. Getty, John Morrison,
Corresponding Committee.
The organization celebrated St. Patrick's Day, in 1820,
at St. John's HaU, Frankfort-street, New York, the notice
therefor reading as follows :
Hibernian Provident Society.
The Society will celebrate the Anniversary of their Insti
tution at St. John's Hall, Frankfort-street, on Friday next,
the 17th inst. The members are at liberty to introduce their
RepubUcan friends. Supper on the table at 7 o'clock P.M.
Tickets at the bar.
By order of the Committee of Arrangements. David Bryson, Sec'ry.

CHAPTER XIV.
Constitution of the Hibernian Provident Society, of New York, as
Adopted on St. Patrick's Day, 1802 — Reproduction of an Interesting Old
Pamphlet comprising same — " Persons of whatever Country " Eligible
to Membership in the Organization — Allegiance to the National and State
Constitutions explicitly required of all Members.
Just 100 years have passed since the Hibernian Prov
ident Society, of New York, adopted a constitution for the
government of the organization. This was done on St.
Patrick's Day, 1802. Robert Swanton was then president of
the Society, and David Bryson, secretary. A pamphlet com
prising this constitution is now in the possession of the New
York Historical Society. From that source the instrument
is here reproduced.

Constitution of the
Hibernian Provident Society
of
New York.
Whereas many Irishmen are forced by persecution, and
the oppression of a tyrannic government to seek an asylum
in the United States, and whereas emigrants on their ar
rival in this country, are in many instances, subjected to
inconveniences, and compelled to contend with difficulties,
which information with respect to the pursuits most likely
to afford success, would frequently prevent. Therefore
we whose names are written in the roU or book hereunto

146

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

annexed, in order in some degree to obviate inconveniences
occasioned by want of such information, and for the purpose
of affording reUef to such emigrants; but more especially to
such members of this institution, and their families, as may
by sickness, be reduced to indigence, have associated our
selves by the style and title of The Hibernian Provident So
ciety of New York, and have agreed to and adopted the fol
lowing Rules for our government: Article L
Persons of whatever Country, being Democratic Repub
licans, and of good moral characters, may be admitted mem
bers of this institution : Provided, however, that no Irishman,
who has willingly aided in continuing the dominion of Great-
Britain over Ireland, shall be admitted. And if, at any tirae,
it shall be discovered, that a member, being an Irishman,
aided in continuing such dominion, he shall be forthwith
expelled. Article H.
A Candidate in order to obtain admission into this society,
shall be proposed by a member, and seconded by another,
both of whom shall declare, that they know the candidate,
and that his character, in every respect, comports with the
requisites made necessary by the preceding article. A
committee shaU then be named by the presiding member, for
the purpose of enquiring into the character of such candi
date, who, or a majority of whom, shaU report the result of
their enquiries at some subsequent meeting; if their report
be favorable, the society may proceed to ballot; and if it
appear as the result thereof, that seven eighths of the mem
bers present be in favor of admission, the President shall
declare him duly admitted on making the foUowing declar
ation, viz. I  do solemnly declare that I do approve
of the political principles on which the Federal Compact
or Constitution of the United States, and that of the State
of New York are founded, and that I wiU to the utmost of

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y T47
my power support the same; and (if an Irishman) that I
never wilUngly aided in continuing the dominion of Great-
Britain over Ireland. Article HL
Annual meetings of this society shall be held on the 17th
of March in each year during its continuance, for the pur
pose of electing a President, first and second Vice-Presidents,
Secretary, Assistant Secretary, and Treasurer, who shall hold
their offices for one year; and whose respective duties are
hereinafter mentioned; other meetings of this society shall
be held on the first Thursday of every month, for the purpose
of transacting the business thereof, and collecting the
monthly contributions of the members.
Article IV.
This society at its annual and monthly meetings, shaU
have power, subject to the restrictions hereinafter provided,
to alter and amend this constitution, to make bye-laws, or
temporary regulations, to appropriate and dispose of its
funds, to hear and examine all charges of irregular or im
proper conduct, which may be exhibited against officers or
other members thereof, and on conviction, to reprove,
censure or expel the persons charged; to elect committees,
except in cases where their election is otherwise provided
for; and in case of the death, resignation, or removal from
office of any of the officers before mentioned, except the
President, they shall have the power at their monthly meet
ings to elect a successor or successors, who shall continue
in office during the residue of the time for which the person
or persons whom they are to succeed were chosen.
Article V.
Should the society for the purpose of more convenient
accommodation, deem it expedient to divide themselves
into sections, they may at any time (seven eighths of the

148

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

members present concurring) by a resolve to be made at a
regular meeting, and entered on the minutes of their pro
ceedings, direct as many sections to be formed as they shall
think proper, to meet at such times and places, and subject
to such regulations, as shall, by such resolve be directed
Article VI.
No motion shall be received for altering or amending
this constitution, or for dividing the society into sections,
in pursuance of the preceding articles, unless the member
intending to make such motion, shall have given notice
thereof, at an annual or monthly meeting, two months at
least previous to the time of submitting the same to the so
ciety, which shall be entered on the minutes of the proceed
ings, with the particular meeting at which the said motion
shall be intended to be made, and when the question thereon
shall be put, it shall not be considered or carried, unless
seven-eighths of the members present vote in the affirmative.
Article VII.
A majority of four fifths of the members present shall be
necessary to carry all questions not requiring particular ma
jorities, except that in all cases of election, and on questions
of adjournment, a simple majority shall be sufiicient. Pro
vided, however, that no member being in arrear shall be en
titled to exercise the right of suffrage.
Article VIII.
A committee shall be appointed to consist of seven mem
bers, to be called a committee of enquiry and distribution,
whose duties shall be to receive applications for relief from
members of this society and their families; to enquire into
the situation of the persons making such applications; and,
if it shall appear to the satisfaction of the said committee or
[Blank] of them, that the persons making applications as
aforesaid, stand in need of relief, they may order it after the

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DAY 149
rate, and agreeably to the provisions hereinafter mentioned.
It shall also be their duty to enquire into the character of
Irish emigrants arriving in this country; to receive applica
tions for relief from such of them as may be in distress, and
if (diligent enquiry being made) it shall appear that emi
grants so applying are really distressed, and that they are of
the description mentioned in the preamble, the said com
mittee, or a [Blank] of them, may order suitable relief — due
respect in all instances of granting relief being had to the
state of the fund and revenue of the society.
Article IX.
The President of this society shall, beside the usual and
ordinary duties of his office, superintend the of&cial conduct
of the other officers and committees of the same, and enforce
a regular discharge of their respective duties.
Article X.
In case of the President's absence, the first Vice-President,
and in case of his absence, the second Vice-President shall
preside; and in case of the death, resignation, or removal
of the President, his office, together with all its duties, shall
devolve on the first Vice-President, and be exercised by him
until the annual meeting of the Society next ensuing such
death, resignation, or removal; and whenever the President
shall be absent from the City of New York, all the duties of
his office shall be discharged by the said first Vice-President
until his return. Article XI.
The Secretary, or in his absence, the Assistant-Secretary
shall make fair and correct minutes of the proceedings of
this society at their several meetings; shall keep an account
of the monies [moneys] paid by the members; the disburse
ments of the society (as reported by the Treasurer) and the
amount of its fund.

igo EARLY CELEBRATIONS

Article XII.
The Treasurer shaU hold the fund of this society, and keep
an exact account of all monies belonging thereto, and which
shall be paid to and advanced by him ; he shall advance no
monies but in pursuance of appropriations made either by
the society at a regular meeting, or by the committee of
enquiry and distribution, in the manner hereinafter men
tioned. ' He shall at least once in three months report to the
society, at an annual or monthly meeting, the state of their
fund, and the monies advanced by him since the time of
making his last report. He shall, as frequently as required,
submit his accounts respecting the receipts and disburse
ments of this society, to a committee to be composed of the
President, Vice-Presidents, and three members to be chosen
for that purpose, or to a majority of them; and he shall also
on entering into office, or as soon after as required thereto,
enter into a bond with one or more sureties, to be approved
of by at least two thirds of a committee, to be composed of
the President, Vice-Presidents, and seven Members, to be
elected for that purpose, and in such sum as two thirds of
the said committee shall think proper to require, conditioned
for a faithful performance of the trust reposed in him by this
society. Article XIII.
The officers of this society shall, on retiring from office,
hand over the books and other property belonging thereto,
which may at such time, be in their hands, to such persons
as the said society shall appoint to receive the same; and in
case of the death of one or more of the said officers, such
books and other property shall be demanded of his or their
representatives, as soon thereafter as shall be deemed con
venient. Article XIV.
In order to create a fund to answer the purposes for which
this institution is formed, each candidate shall, at the time

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 151
of being admitted, pay [Blank] dollar and [Blank] cents to
the fund of this society; and contribute after the rate of I2j/^
cents per month, so long as he shall continue a member
thereof. Article XV.
Each member of this society shall, in case of sickness and
inability to support himself, be entitled to receive from the
fund thereof, a weekly allowance of i dollar and 50 cents;
and a further allowance of 25 cents for each child, (not ex
ceeding two) that such member may have incapable of pro
viding for itself. — Provided, however, that no member shall
be entitled to pecuniary aid or relief from the fund of this
institution, until the expiration of six months after his ad
mission; or whose contribution, (if a resident in the city of
New York) shall have been more than three months in
arrear at any time within one month next before the time of
making application therefor. — And provided further, that the
committee of enquiry and distribution, or [Blank] of them,
may encrease [increase] or reduce the said allowance accord
ing to the circumstances of the applicant, and the state and
amount of the fund and revenue of this society.
Article XVI.
The names of members resident in the city of New- York,
whose contribution shall at any time be twelve months in
arrear, or who while in arrear shall leave the said city with in
tent to reside elsewhere, may be struck off the roll, and such
persons shall be no longer considered as members of this
institution. Unanimously adopted the 17th day of March, 1802.
Signed by order and on behalf of the Society,
Robert Swanton, President.
David Bryson, Secretary.

CHAPTER XV.
The Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York— They Observe the Day in 1807;
1808 and 1809— Toasts in Honor of Washington, Jeflferson, Madison and
other Eminent People— Pleasant Tribute to "The Spinning Wheel and
the Loom" and to "The Harp Freed from the Crown." Mention of other
Sentiments Expressed.
The Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York city, observed St.
Patrick's Day as early as 1807. Whether these Sons were
at first a regularly organized body, or only an informal
gathering of friends, does not appear. The fact, however,
that they annually observed the day for a number of years
would seem to indicate that at some period they had duly
organized. In the " Morning Chronicle," March 18, and the
" Republican Watch Tower," March 20, 1807, appears the
following :
Messrs. Editors:
Your giving the inclosed a corner in your most esteemed
publication will confer a particular favor on a number of
your Subscribers.
In Honore De Padrig.
Tuesday the anniversary of the festival of St. Patrick was
celebrated by a few of the juvenile sons of Erin, at a private
house in James street. The following toasts are selected
from those drank on the occasion :
I. St. Patrick's Day — May each return of this day find
our native and adopted country happy.
2. Ireland — May peace and plenty smile on our native
land — may the clouds of bigotry and superstition be expelled
therefrom, and may the harp never be attuned to the vile
sounds of discord and dissension.
3. The United States of America — The asylum of the

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 153
distressed and persecuted stranger. May its inhabitants
never feel the effects of a bad government in being forced
to emigrate from their native country.
4. Irishmen — May they who emigrate to America behave
with propriety and honor, and never be the means of bring
ing disgrace on the country which gave them birth.
5. Liberty — May the ample earth become her area, and
the arch of heaven her dome.
6. Swift and Curran — May Erin never want such men
who endeavor by their writing and speaking to gain for
oppressed humanity, freedom and happiness.
7. New York — May it take the lead of all the other states,
in literature as in commerce — may the clouds of ignorance
be expelled its horizon; and may the authors of Salmagundi
still continue to lash folly and vice naked through the land.
8. Hospitality — May the hospitable never know the want
ofit. 9. The Irish bar — ^Although it has lost the first advocate
of the age for a paltry office of £5,000 a year, may it still con
tinue to preserve the true principles of Greek and Roman
language. 10. Mr. Carr. — May other travellers emulate his liber
ality in laying down national prejudices and substituting
deserved encomiums in their stead. — And may our Denizens
and Aliens in America, ever hold in grateful remembrance
those persons who vindicate the character and genius of the
Irish nation, against narrow prejudice and foul aspersions.
II. "When my country takes her place among the na
tions of the earth, then, and not till then, let my epitaph be
written " — May the awful fiat of Heaven sanctify and grant
this last expiring wish of a noble murdered patriot.
The following are the productions of a young lady.
12. May the rising generation pay more attention to the
adornment of their minds than their persons.
13. A speedy and entire reform in the dress of our females,
may it be more conducive to the purposes of comfort, and
less to those of vanity.

jg. EARLY CELEBRATIONS
" The song and toast with appropriate music (the bagpipe,
which was played on remarkably weU by a gentleman of the
company, in two parts without the drone) went round, and
it was not till after 12 o'clock that the juvenile sons of Erin,
terminated the celebration of the pious orgies of St. Patrick
their tutelar Saint."
[In a descriptive note referring to the bagpipes, the papers
recording this celebration said:]
Although the bagpipe is not an instrument indigenius
to Ireland, it holds an high antiquity in the country. It was
the music of the kerns in the reign of Edward the Third,
(see Smith's History of Cork, page 43). It is still the favorite
accompaniment of those mirthful exertions with which la
borious poverty crowns the temporary cessation of its weekly
toil, and the cares and solicitudes of the Irish peasant ever
dissipate to the spell which breaths in the humorous drones
of the Irish pipes. To Scotland we are indebted for this
ancient instrument who received it from the Romans [but
to] the native musical genius of Ireland are we indebted
for its present form and improved state. " That at present
in use in Ireland," says Dr. Burney in a letter to J. C. Walker,
Esq., " is an improved bagpipe, on which the natives play
very well, in two parts without the drone, which I believe is
never attempted in Scotland. The tone of the lower notes
resemble that of the hautboy and clarinet, and the high note
that of the German flute, and the whole scale of one I lately
heard, was very well in time, which has never been the case
of any Scottish bagpipe that I ever heard."
Quite a detailed account of the observance in 1808 appears
in the " American Citizen," and in the " PubUc Advertiser,"
of March 19, the same year. It was communicated and
opens with these lines :
Still Erin attracted wherever we roam.
Our hearts shall with Paddy be yearly at home.
The account then states that " Thursday being the Anni
versary of the Festival of St. Patrick, the same was cele
brated according to custom by the Juvenile Sons of Erin,
at a private house in Liberty street — Partaking of a plen
teous feast, which consisted of every delicacy which the

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 155
varied art of cookery could produce; drinking the foUowing
Toasts interspersed with original songs, bag-pipe and other
music, kept the company together until they hailed the
morning of Shelah's day."
Then follows this list of toasts :
I. The Day — May we on the next return of it find that
avenging Providence has granted the martyred Emmet's
emphatical wish to be literally fulfilled. Music — " St.
Patrick's Day."
2. Ireland — The best blood of this land has been shed
by the most iniquitous government that ever insulted
Heaven and oppressed mankind, but may she like the
' shivering tenants of the frigid zone,' enjoy a day propor
tioned to the dreary darkness of her long and gloomy night.
Song, " The Last Irish Harper."
3. America — The resting place of Liberty, the asylum
of persecuted humanity — may she ever keep clear of such
miserable systems as have prevailed in the old world under
the name of government — her people so far have been an
example to the admiring world, that they are capable of self
government — " Hail Columbia," full band.
4. Irish Heroes and Patriots — Montgomery, Lord Ed
ward Fitzgerald, Russel, Emmet, and the thousand others
whom " memory cannot count nor choice elect," may every
son of Erin emulate their shining virtues and devotion to
liberty. Carolan's " Farewell to Music."
5. Washington and Jefferson — The hero and statesman,
animated by their bright example, may their children imitate
their shining virtues. " The Wreath You Wove."
6. The memory of Walter Blake Kerwan — " This bright
est gem in pulpit eloquence." " To feed the lamp of charity,
he exhausted the lamp of life." " Carolan's Devotion."
7. Burke and Macrary — Our poets in Petersburgh; may
they receive the smiling approbation of their countrymen for
their laudable endeavors to redeem our national airs from
oblivion. " Coolin."

156

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

8. Our Bards — Ossian the first and greatest; Carolan the
last though not least — may their memories be the pride of
Irishmen whilst poetry and melody exist. " How sleep the
Brave." 9. Plowden — An independent, liberal Englishman, may
the perusal of his history of Ireland, wake the compassion
of some of his countrymen to the miseries of a people who
deserve a better fate. — "There's Nae Luck about the
House." 10. War! — If peace cannot be maintained with national
honor — then let us have war — Paddy is always ready and
willing to lend Jonathan a hand to give the enemies of his
country a sound drubbing. " Yankee Doodle."
II. Irish Slavery — may the chains of coercion, the cords
of enslavement which are already stretched to their utmost
extent, be by the energetic efforts of our countrymen rent
asunder like cobwebs — and may they enjoy their portion of
liberty and happiness after such a long, long absence.
" Her Emmet's no More."
12. Tammany and Hibernian Provident Societies — may
the only difference between those distinguished bodies be,
which shall do most to the support of genuine republican
ism; and may all such patriotic and charitable associations
never want the means to reUeve the distressed. " Jefferson's
March." 13. " Shall oppressed humanity find no asylum on this
globe ? " — may every emigrant remember the author of this
humane query — ^and may he long enjoy the reward of his
excellence in the respect and admiration of all who see him,
the esteem and affection of all who know him. " Roslin
Castle." 14. Miss Owenson — ^May her laudable example in raising
her country to a respectable rank in the scale of nations by
her ingenious researches into its records, be emulated by
those who possess simflar talents — "Mortimer and Glor-
vina " (an original song).
15. Shelah— Song, " Loony M'TouUer."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 157
16. The American Fair — May beauty adorn and happiness
attend them forever; and may they (conform to the wish of
the ingenious editors of Salmagundi) pay more attention to
" the conversation of the enlightened than to the frivolity of
the coxcomb," or " flourish of the fiddle sticks." " How
sweet the love that meets return."
17. RepubUcan Editors — May our countrymen ever hold
your well doings in grateful remembrance : but for ourselves
we tender you our grateful thanks for your exertions to pro
tect our national character against the unjust and illib
eral prejudice of your federal opponents. " Let the toast
pass." From the numerous Volunteer Toasts, the following are
selected. The American Soil — May it never bear another Burr, to
disturb the peace of its society; or its atmosphere be con
taminated with the poisonous effluvia of aristocracy. " Giles
Scroggins Ghost."
Odd Fellows — May every odd fellow be a good fellow
. . . " I'll follow my own vagary."
Richard and Maria Edgeworth — ^whose genius and indus
try has rescued old Erin's children from the undeserved
imputation of being the only blunderers and bull makers —
" Tid-re-I." " Disguise thyself as thou wilt, stiU slavery, still thou art
a bitter draught." May the spirit of freedom move over the
whole globe, that all mankind may partake of its sweets.
" Its Uberty, sweet liberty."
The Harp freed from the Crown — May it ere long be the
standard to wave over the green fields of Erin. " Hibernia,
rouse from your trance."
National Prejudice — May it no longer be used as a
hammer to knock down republican principles. " Paddy
O'Rafferty." The spinning wheel and the loom — ^May their use become
more general, as it wiU be the means of insuring indepen
dence to the states. " Somehow my spindle I mislaid."

J. 8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
The sons of Tammany — May they succeed in raising and
beautifying the monument sacred to the martyrs of freedom
who perished on board the Jersey Prison Ship — and may the
calumny of tory editors be the only obstacle in their way —
" Dead march in Saul."
The American Eagle — fostered under thy wings, we will
die in thy defence — " All the way to Galloway."
The oppressed sons of Erin — May they ever find an asy
lum in the only free country on earth, Columbia. " HaU
Liberty." Standing Toasts, the first of an absentee.
Liberty — May the ample earth become her area and the
arch of Heaven her dome. " Lexington march."
" When my country takes her place among the nations of
the earth, then and not 'tUl then, let my epitaph be written."
May the awful fiat of Heaven sanctify and grant this last
expiring wish of a noble murdered patriot. " Delighted
fancy hails the hour."
" The succeeding entertainments consisted of three appro
priate recitations, two of them original, composed and re
cited by one of the party, after which our piper gave us very
humorously the favourite air of " Paddy Whack." Then we
had four songs of Miss Owenson's, as sung by Mr. Webster,
and the new words of our poets in Petersburgh, to the old
airs, Robin Adair, Humours of Glen, and Cathron Oghee;
also Carolan's Receipt (the Irish Orpheus) which for spright
Uness of sentiments and harmony of numbers, stands un
rivalled in the best of modern drinking songs. Milton
says " Song charms the scene — eloquence the soul."
" The truth of which was fully proved on this occasion,
for the utmost harmony prevailed, pleasure was manifest in
each countenance; wit, humour and Irish wine went round,
which was felt with undiminished zest 'till the busy and
unwished-for hour of day clapt its seal on the uninterrupted
round of tasteful pleasure."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 159
We find the Juvenile Sons, in 1809, again honoring Ire
land's patron saint. The event seems to have been observed
with the customary eclat and enthusiasm so characteristic of
such occasions by this organization. We get a good idea of
the occasion from this notice in the " PubUc Advertiser,"
March 20, 1809: In Honor of St. Patrick.
" Let the bards of old be near : let them draw near with
their songs and their half viewless harps."
The juvenile sons of Erin celebrated their festival on
Friday according to the annual custom ; and after partaking
of a " snug little supper and plenty of booze," they drank
the following toasts, interspersed with music and many orig
inal songs.
I. The day we celebrate — " consecrated to generous
recollections " — may it ever be dear to freedom and Am
erica. Music, " St. Patrick's Day." — Song, " When Rome
was dividing."
2. Ireland — our feelings and our wishes are still for the
welfare of our kindred and our native country — may the con
dition of its poor be ameliorated — may foul misrepresenta
tion and aspersion cease. Recitation, " When Erin first rose
from the dark swelling flood."
3. America — The only country in which the virtuous liv
ing can find a refuge, or truth be conveyed to posterity
through a free press. Song, " America thou lovely nation."
4. Thomas Jefferson — ^The friend and benefactor of the
human race — may his evening sun, like his noon of life, shed
a lustre on his native land. — " Thou Chief rever'd while slan
der pours."
5. James Madison — ^The president of a nation of free rnen
— the friend of Jefferson — his principles and patriotism en
title him to our esteem — " Brave sons of Columbia your
triumph behold."
6. The Vice President of the United States — The intrepid

jgp EARLY CELEBRATIONS
soldier and able statesman— " My bards wait him with
songs." 7. The memory of the immortal Washington — " Sons of
Alpin strike the strings, is there aught of joy in the harp?
pour it on the soul of Washington."
8. Erin's virtuous exiles — Emmet, M'Neven, Sampson,
Trenor and Jackson — Their virtues and patriotism, a legacy
for us all — " Raise the song of joy, ye bards of Morvan that
our souls may forget the past."
9. The Ocean — " Which, like the air, is the common birth
right of mankind," its surface for those who deem it free,
its bottom for those who wish to usurp it, (Drank standing
hand in hand) — " Yankee Doodle " — full band.
10. Independence or War! — The determined sentiment
of every American — In such a cause Paddy is always ready
and willing to lend his friend Jonathan a hand. The charge
— " When the blasts of war blows in our ears, then imitate
the actions of the tiger."
II. Sons of Erin — May you always turn a deaf ear to the
rude insults of an uninformed rabble — and may the exertions
of your true friends never be forgotten as long as grateful
memory holds her seat in the breast of an Irishman. — " How
sweet on the mountains."
12. Domestic Manufactories — Sure fortifications — May
they ever receive that attention and encouragement they so
richly deserve — " Hope told me flattering tales."
13. Col. Henry Rutgers — An undeviating republican,
one who justly merits and receives the confidence of his fel
low citizens — " Thou God of Liberty! "
14. Tammany, Whig and Hibernian Societies — Under
every vicissitude of party, through all changes of men
and fluctuations of power, in adversity and in prosper
ity may you still preserve a love for your country, her
rights, her liberties and her honor — ".Patrick and Tam
many." 15. Republican Greens — ^^May they always stand forth the
firm supporters of American rights: and whenever assaUed

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY l6i
may the foe feel the avenging blow of our brave volunteers —
" Some talk of Roman Glory."
1 6. The Fair Temple of Liberty — Confined to Columbia's
shores alone, may her sons appreciate the heavenly boon
and be willing to die in its defence — " Hail Columbia."
17. The Fair — "Ah me! how sweet is love itself possest,
when but love's shadows are so rich in joy " — " How sweet
is love when virtue guides."
The song and toast went round with great spirit, the boys
appeared to have Goldsmith's lines in their mind's eye:
When you with your bagpipes are ready to play.
My voice shall be ready to carol away.

From the volunteer toasts we select the following: —
Sons of Columbia — May your motto still be, divided you
perish, united you're free ! — " Ye tories give ear to my
groans." Our Harp — The armorial bearing of Ireland, which per
petuates our former musical celebrity beyond the power of
time or prejudice to destroy — " She waked her own sad tale
from every trembUng string."
Hugh Macawlay Boyd — The supposed author of Junius'
Letters — ^We knew the man and never think of him, but as
every one who knew him did, with affection while he was
living, with sorrow now that he is dead. — Recitation, Camp
bell's poem to the ancierit Irish of " Erin Go Bragh."
Universal Emancipation — May despotism and oppression
forever cease — May the poor enslaved Africans be reinstated
to their former joys, and may aU, aU find protection under
the fostering wing of liberty. — " What pleasing scenes before
me ran."
The Emerald Isle — Her shamrock top'd hiUs, and daisy
deck'd valleys, may their green be ever green — " Oh ! when I
breath'd a last adieu."

l62

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

The Embargo — By it we imitate the wisdom of the snake,
who recoils within himself before he springs upon his enemy.
— " When first the sun o'er the ocean glow'd."
The memory of John D. Burk and Lucas George.
" 'Till mould' ring worlds and trembling systems burst !
When the last trump shall venerate their dust !
Still by the mandate of eternal truth,
Their souls will flourish in immortal youth."
The heroes of the American revolution — " The song
comes with its music to melt and please the soul."
Education — One of Uberty's life strings; may it hereafter
meet with ten-fold encouragement. — " Dear Erin, how
sweetly thy green bosom rises."
The Tammany Monument — Sacred to the martyrs of the
prison ships — ^joint emblems of the sufferings it celebrates,
and the eternal honor of its erectors. — " Wallabout Grand
March." May we always meet upon a level and part upon the
square. — " Thou fairest type of excellence divine."
Standing toast — " When my country takes her place
among the nations of the earth, then, and not tiU then, let
my epitaph be written." — May the awful fiat of heaven sanc
tify and grant this last expiring wish of a noble murdered
patriot. — " Mournful are the mountains of Erin, for the
Chief of the people is low."

In the same issue of the " Public Advertiser " that the fore
going appears is the following scintillation from the editor's
pen: " On Shelah's morning Bacchus, attended by Wit and
Humour, paid us a visit, & after the necessary salutations
and hearing Carolan's receipt for drinking Irish wine, from
our piper ; he gave us a short lecture on sobriety — ' Three
cups of wine (said he) a prudent man may take, and then he
ought to be after taking himself off ' — this hint was quite

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 1 63
sufficient, for immediately the happy festive circle began to
separate, every soul acknowledging that parting was the
only unpleasing moment of the night :
" Loud rang the roof with festive sound,
With joy and revelry;
The sparkling glass went gaily round
The jocund guest with ivy crown'd
Wore Bacchus' livery."

CHAPTER XVI.
The Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York (Concluded) — Evidence of
Mourning in 1810— Celebrations of St. Patrick's Day by the Organization
in 181 1 and 1812 — Toast to the "Memory of Washington," and to Jeflfer
son, Madison and other Patriots — Many Impressive Sentiments uttered
at the Exercises.
The following was published in " The N. Y. Columbian,"
March 17, 1810: Communication.
Anniversary of the Festival of St. Patrick.
" Whilst pensive he leaned on a cloud."
The Juvenile Sons of Erin have hung their harps on the
willow. Mournful are those former sons of gayness, for two
of our chiefs are laid low. See that passing cloud of death :
it hovers over the plains of Columbia. The sons of green
Erin have fallen. Brothers send your souls back to the days
of other months. Think of your companions that are gone.
The bards sit wrapt in silence and grief. Not a string of the
harp is now stirred. Round their grass-tufted hillocks we
lingering stay. Son of Ossian, of songs, our souls are
mournfully sad. Their green tombs are to be seen by the
traveller in the bosom of hills. Here midst the waving
of oaks are the dwellings of the renowned men of old. Their
bright eyes are closed in death. Let the anniversary of our
saint pass away in silent sorrowing. Let nought but the harp
of your bards, untouched, sound mournfully over the hiUs.
New- York, March 17, 1810.

In " The Columbian," March 20, and the " Public Adver
tiser," March 21, 181 1, was this " communicated " report of

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 165
the celebration that year : " The anniversary of St. Patrick
falling on Sunday, the same was celebrated by the Juvenile
Sons of Erin, at the Albany Coffee-House, on Monday the
1 8th inst. After partaking of a truly appropriate supper,
the following toasts were drank, interspersed with recitations
and many original songs." The correspondent then gives
the list of toasts proposed on the occasion. They were as
follows :
I. St. Patrick's Day — On the next return of it may our
Shamrock flourish fair, the monumental marble record Fitz
gerald's virtues, and the epitaph of Emmet be inscribed by
a freeman's hand. Song, " Ah ! low lies the harp, thou green
isle of the ocean ? "
2. Ireland — " Green gem of the ocean's ring." May your
regenerated harps once more be struck to the sound of joy,
and your hills and vales echo with the shouts of emancipated
man. " Ah ! pooh ! botheration, dear Ireland's the nation."
3. America — Land of peace and plenty — May the inhab
itants continue to emulate the example of their fathers, and
may the hand of despoiling tyranny never disturb their hap
piness. " Hail Columbia."
4. The memory of Ireland's virtuous patriots — Who pre
ferred death to the endurance of despotism — " Behold where
the Heroes of Erin repose."
5. Washington — He fought for independence; Jefferson
— -Writer of the Declaration of Independence; Madison —
The man of the people's choice — He wiU support Independ
ence. Then let every man whose heart ever formed an in
dependent wish drink Washington, Jefferson and Madison
compared with whom the kings and emperors of the earth
are no more than glow-worms to the sunbeams. " Go
where glory waits thee."
6. The memory of Orr^ — 'Tis sufficient that we name him.
Who whiter strives to paint the new-fallen snow, )>
Or add vermilion to the pink or rose?
7. The Vice-President of the United States and the Am-

i66

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

erican members of both houses of Congress. Their motto.
Union of the States, no foreign alUance, and an orderly ob
servance of the laws. — " WhUe Europe's mad powers o'er
creation are raging."
8. The memory of Carolan — One of Ireland's numerous
bards. — "in Gratitude's tear shall his name be enshrin'd
And the long silent harp shaU re-echo his name."
9. The Shamrock — May its columns never be polluted by
calumniating the soil that gave it birth, or its growth be
impeded by a chilling eastern blast; but may its young and
tender fibres continue to vegetate until the luxuriance of
its little leaves become ornamental to Columbia — " There's
a dear little plant that grows in our isle."
10. The memory of our late Vice-President and Treas
urer. — " Soft sigh the winds of heaven o'er their tombs."
II. John M'Creery — ^May his persevering exertions to
secure from oblivion the relics of our national music con
tinue to procure him that applause he justly merits. " The
Bard's Legacy."
12. E. Bunting and S. Holden — ^Who have nearly com
pleted in Ireland what Burke and M'Creery planned in Am
erica; the collecting and adopting new words to Irish music.
May their exertions be crowned with complete success. — ¦¦
" Last minstrel of Erin how sweetly thy fingers."
13. Liberty of the Press and toleration of Religion — Sure
pledges of an enlightened, free and virtuous people. " What
angel form is that descends ? "
14. Miss Balfour — Erin's patriotic child — May her harp
still continue its pleasing vibrations; and when she takes her
last slumber, may the green turf over her breast vegetate
the shamrock and white daisy; the one emblematic of her
country, the other resembling her own pure soul. — " When
in death I shall calmly recline."
15. The Belfast and Dublin Harp Societies — Revivers of
the song of other times — May the spirit of the ancient bards

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 167
hover over their proceedings; and inspire them to complete
this patriotic undertaking — " O ! had I lived when Ossian
sung." 16. The Fair Sex. "I love thee, I have spoke it." —
" None can love Uke an Irishman."
17. Our countrymen in all parts of the world, who this
day celebrate the anniversary of our titular Saint. — " Let
the toast pass." Volunteers.
The Torpedo — ^A scientific child of an American artist.
May it receive the fostering care of the nation, until its
parent completes his handiwork — " Hope told a flattering
tale." General Valency — The Irish linguist and antiquarian.
Moore and Stevenson — The poet and musician. — The
song comes with its music to melt and please the soul.
The People of England, we distinguish between them and
the government of England.
The memory of Miss Brooks — ^The elegant translator of
ancient Irish poetry. Recitation — " Harp of Erin, wake to
glory." Scotia Minor — descended from the same stock; may her
hardy sons unite with those of Scotia Major.
Our Native Country — ever dear ! but liberty still dearer.
Theobald Wolfe Tone— Alpha.
Robert Emmet — Omega.
Our countrymen in Petersburg, Va. who are this moment
(12 o'clock) toasting our party. May they never want a
potatoe to share with a friend.
The memory of Brian Boruhma, who finally expelled the
Danes from Ireland. — " Strike the harp ! raise the voice !
sing the song of great Brian ! "
The memory of Laurence Sterne, author of " Tristram
Shandy," &c.
Favor'd pupil of Nature and Fancy, of yore.
Whom from Humor's embrace sweet philosophy bore.

i68

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

While the Graces and Loves scatter flowers on thy urn,
And Wit weeps the blossom too hastily torn.

On Feb. 28, 181 2, "The Columbian" published this:
" O Erin ! whilst Ufe in this bosom is swelling.
Shall I neglect thee the land of my birth ?
On thy mountains I'll hold with sweet friendship my
dwelling.
And hymn forth thy praises, thou favorite earth."
" Those gentlemen who wish to join the Juvenile Sons of
Erin, in celebrating the Anniversary of St. Patrick, will
please to leave their addresses as early as convenient, with
Mr. Samuel Martin, at the Commercial BuUdings. The
committee of arrangement intend regulating every thing for
this merry me.eting early in March."
On March 21, 1812, " The Columbian " has the following
report of this observance :
Anniversary of St. Patrick.
On Tuesday last, the 17th inst., the Juvenile Sons of Erin
met according to previous arrangement, at the Commercial
Building, where they partook of an elegant supper, appro
priately served up by Mr. Samuel Martin.
The cloth being removed, they were agreeably entertained
by an enthusiastic display of Mr. Moffat's abiUties; who in
troduced a highly finished solo on the clarinet, in which were
included the following Irish airs : " St. Patrick's Day,"
" CooHn," " Cean dubh DeUsh," " Edmund of the HiUs,"
" Ellen a Roon," " TeU me dear Eveline."
Mr. Garden played several planxties on the Pipes, and
many Irish jigs, very humorously on the flute, in imitation
of the pipes.
" The soul of song " was awakened and scarce one of the
company failed to contribute to the general hilarity.
On no occasion in this city have the Sons of Erin so gen-

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 169
eraily manifested a disposition to celebrate in characteristic
style the anniversary of that day on which Irishmen soothe
their cares, and drown their shamrocks.
I. The 17th March — The 1318th anniversary — No human
institution has ever been so often or so generally celebrated
— May the present day form some part of the last year of
Irish thraldom. Original song, tune " Patrick's Day."
2. The Fair Sex — May their influence be always directed
rightly, and may no advocate of oppression have the load of
his conscience lightened by their love. Song, " O love is
the soul of a neat Irishman."
3. The land of our nativity
" Farewell to the land where in childhood I wander'd
In vain is she mighty, in vain is she brave :
Noblest is the blood that for tyrants is squander'd
And fame has no wreath for the brow of the slave."
4. The land we live in — Her children " willed it " and
are free — May they never experience ingratitude from those
Irishmen whom they have liberally invited to share their
blessing. 5. The Press — free as the air — may its rays illumine the
mind and disseminate the principles of truth and universal
emancipation. Song, " In concert join each soul that loves."
6. Emmet, Tone, Fitzgerald and Russel; why grieve for
their fate? Their deaths are the best commentary on their
lives — may we emulate their example if the good of our
country renders it necessary. " Tears are wintry streams
that waste the soul."
7. The memory of Washington — " Sons of Alpine, bring
the harp! give" Washington's "praise to the wind; raise
high his praise in my haU " Music, " Hail Columbia."
8. Jefferson — The friend of the emigrant — " and shall we
refuse the unhappy fugitives from distress, that hospitality
which the savages of the wilderness extended to our fathers
arriving in this land? Shall oppressed humanity find no

j-0 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
asylum on this globe ? " Song, " Greien were the fields
where my forefathers dwelt, oh ! "
9. Miss Brooks, Walker, Bunting, and Valancey — ^Anti
quarians and scholars, who seeking the history of our coun
try among the ruins of her records, would yet teach us what
she was. Song, " My thoughts delight to wander."
10. The President, Vice-President and other constituted
authorities of the U. S. — Deriving their power from the true
" fountain of honor," the people — they will successfully
direct the energies of the nation against the slaves of a steeled
monarchy. Song, " When freedom first shone o'er Colum
bia's rich shores."
II. John Murphy, (of Belfast) — We have received your
" Song " and your " Shamrock " — ^thanks to the donor —
" Son of song," alas ! the Shamrock thrives only as an exotic.
Song, " Erin farewell ! o'er the wild ocean roaming."
12. Commodore Rodgers — Hospitable as he is brave, he
flew to the relief of Irishmen, when in distress, and thrown
by adverse winds as strangers in a strange land — he chas
tised the pirate who offered in sight of a free soil to close the
entrance to our persecuted countrymen. Song, " When war
was heard and Erin's call."
13. Montgomery — " Illustrious chieftain, Erin claims
thee as her own " — May thine, " the only public monument
in New- York," remind Irishmen of their duty. Music,
" Irish volunteers."
14. The memory of Carolan — " Sit thou on the heath, O
bard ! and let us hear thy voice, it is pleasant as the gale of
spring that sighs on the hunter's ear, when he wakes from
dreams of joy."
15. The records of Ireland — Could the murdered bards
but arise to sing their country's history, who would stop to
listen? Not the destroyers of Ireland lest the earth should
open and do them justice. Who would listen with former
glee, and hear the praises of their fathers? Not even her
best children— the past contrasted with the present would
harrow the soul of the patriotic Irishman. " O that I had

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 171
faUen in the strife of shields, ere I had known the breakers
of my harp."
16. M'Creary — His national airs and songs remind us of
the bardic ages — his patriotism animates our enthusiasm in
the cause of injured Ireland. Song, " Dear Erin, how
sweetly thy green bosom rises."
17. Grattan, Ponsonby, Moira, Sheridan, and the other
distinguished advocates of oppressed Ireland — Of what avail
is eloquence when the advocates lose sight of this simple
axiom " all our evils spring from having no national govern
ment." Song, " Come strike the bold anthem, the war-dogs
are howling."
18. Major Sirr, Castlereagh, Beresford, Verner, & Co.
Oh ! what noble brothers ! Whether did the men make the
system, or did the system make the monsters? Song, " Ye
winds and ye waves, bear my sorrows away."
From the numerous volunteer toasts, the following are
selected :
His excellency Daniel D. Tompkins — Govemor of the
State — ^The friend of freedom, and patriotic supporter of our
constitutional rights.
Dewitt Clinton — ^The enlightened patriot and statesman;
the friend of the persecuted foreigner, and the able advocate
of his country's rights. Song, " Of a noble race was
Shynkin." The social and invincible spirit that equally distinguishes
Irishmen in every clime.
The Sons of Erin, of Caledonia — May the blood of Fitz
gerald and Emmet, and of Muir and Palmer, cement a per
petual union between them in the glorious cause for which
these martyrs fell.
Dr. Bryson, of Belfast — An Irish scholar — His literary re
searches can only be equalled by his attachment to his
country. Mary — Scarce yet in her teens, she feels and sings her
country's wrongs with a spirit and a melody rising far above

j»2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
her years, and reaching the acme of true patriotism. Song,
" Oh ! touch, dear maid, the trembling string."
La Fayette, Rochambeau, De Grasse, and the other brave
men of the French army and navy, who eminently contrib
uted to the attainment of American independence.
Internal manufactures — The pride, the boast, and the
riches of England — "the ruin and the folly of America!"
Think not, John Bull, to gull us by such nonsense.
Robert Emmet — Honored be his memory! unfaded may
the laurel and cypress intermingle at his tomb. " Often
shall the last sigh of evening die away on the strings of my
harp, as I sit by thy narrow house, complaining to the com
ing night."
Finerty and Cox — Oh! England, where is thy boasted
liberty — let the word be blotted from your vocabulary; or
buried with the victims of your policy in the dungeons of
Lincoln and Newgate. Song, " You never did hear of an
Irishman's fear, in love or in battle."
The Catholics of Ireland — Their cause is a good one : May
their spirited exertions and manly perseverance, be crowned
with the rich reward of " emancipation."
May no collusion of Kings at the court of St. James be
ever able to prevent the emigration of our persecuted coun
trymen to the land of Columbia.
The memory of Orr — An intimidated jury said ," guilty "
— a sanguinary government sealed the verdict.
Union, the word — freedom, the aim of every son of Erin.
Plowden and Parish — Proofs that no exertions of tyranny
can ecUpse a bright star, nor any ray of liberty, however
strong, warm the soul of a contracted bigot. Song, " Assist
mt ye lads, who have hearts void of guUe."
FrankUn — " Eripuit coelo fulmen, sceptrumque tyrannis."
He snatched the thunder from heaven and the sceptre from
tyrants. The British army in Portugal — Take away the Irish,
(Faugh-a-Ballaugh) and " Hey for the Polish Lancers, O ! "
Music, " Marshal Soult's Charge."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 173
Our Countrymen — may they soon have an opportunity
of practicaUy convincing their tyrants that the loss of Ireland
will reduce England to her rank among nations; thus demon
strating, that to the misapplied valor of Irishmen is owing
the unnatural preponderancy of Britain.
New York, March 18, 1812.

CHAPTER XVII.
The Shamrock Friendly Association of New York — Its Celebration of
the Day in 1817 and other Years— Remarks by Garret Gilbert, Dr. Mac
neven, Stephen P. Lemoine, George A. O'Keefe and others of that Period
— Observances at Union Hotel and Washington Hall — Byrnei's Fly-
Market Hotel also the Scene of Festivities.
Among the old-time, honored organizations of New York
should be mentioned the Shamrock Friendly Association.
The learned Dr. Macneven was at one time president of this
society and many other eminent gentlemen were found in its
ranks. The Association celebrated St. Patrick's Day as
early as 181 7, and may have done so at even an earlier period.
In "The Columbian" of March 15, 1817, is found the fol
lowing : Shamrock Friendly Association
The Society wiU celebrate the 17th of March, (St. Pat
rick's Day), at their Hall.
Tickets for the Supper, may be had of the subscribers.
Previous to which an address will be delivered by one of the
members, at seven o'clock, P.M.
B. Irvine, ) Committee
G. Dillon, y of Arrange-
J. M'Keon. ) ment.
In 1818, the Association again celebrated the anniversary,
the accompanying notice appearing in " The Columbian " of
March 12, that year: St. Patrick's Day.
Arrangements for the celebration of the anniversary of
St. Patrick's Day, by the Shamrock Friendly Association.
The society will meet at its room, 70 WiUiam-street, on

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 175
the 17th of March at 11 o'clock, A.M., for the purpose of
transacting business.
The society will repair at 12 o'clock (noon) to the long
room. Union Hotel, where an oration will be delivered by
Mr. Garrit Gilbert. Members may invite their friends to
hear the oration, seats will be reserved for ladies.
Dinner will be on the table, at Mr. Coghlan's, at 5 o'clock
P.M. Members who wish to dine and unite in drowning the
Shamrock, may have tickets for themselves and friends, by
applying at Mr. Coghlan's. — It is wished that applications
for tickets may be made before Sunday next.
In reporting the event, " The Columbian," under date of
March 18, 1818, published this extended article:
Shamrock Friendly Association.
"Yesterday the Shamrock Friendly Association celebrated
the anniversary of St. Patrick at the house of Mr. Coghlan,
in WiUiam-street, and an Oration was deUvered on the occa
sion by Garret Gilbert, Esq. It was the language of feeling
and patriotism, and merited, as it received, the plaudits of
a large assembly. It recalled to minds the wrongs of a
brave and humane people in their native land — and dwelt
with enthusiasm on their devotion to the cause of enlightened
liberty in the land of their adoption. — " If, (said the orator)
you have any national prejudices — (and I believe, I know
you have none) — relinquish them. Preserve all the attach
ments to your native land that are not incompatible with
the interests of that community which has adopted you. I
beg pardon — I should have said preserve them all; for I
know of no Irish attachments that can possibly injure the
United States of America."
Doctor Macneven presided at the festive board, supported
by Mr. Fox the vice president, and the following sentiments
were given, accompanied by songs, national and senti
mental. Toasts of the Shamrock Friendly Association, 17th March
1818: I. The day: before another return of the anniversary of

1^6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Erin's festival, may Erin's harp resound on Erin's plains,
to the tune of " Erin go bragh."
2. The people of Ireland : exiles abroad or slaves at home,
at great sacrifice they avoid, or under great afflictions they
endure, the baleful connexion of Britain. " He came to the
beach." 3. The stranger's asylum: in the day of peace the Irish
man's gratitude will suppport the laws, in the day of battle
it will support the country. " Hail Columbia."
4. The New- York and other Irish Emigrant Associations :
they labored for the good of America, and for the benefit of
Irishmen; they could not command success, but they de
served it. " Green were the fields."
5. The friendly Emigrant, and the Emigrant's friend.
" Love for love."
6. The people of the United States : a great family of free
men, worthy the boon for which they twice victoriously
contended. 7. The President of the United States: may he keep a
steady eye on the principles of '76.
8. De Witt Clinton, Governor of the State of New York :
The will of the people is great, and it will prevail.
9. The Patriots of Mexico and South America : union to
their councils, victory to their arms, and confusion to the
[un]holy aUiance of Despots.
10. The haUowed memory of the deceased heroes, martyrs
and statesmen of Ireland : no honest Irishman can recollect
his country, and forget her Tones, her Emmets and her
Fitzgeralds. II. AgricuUure, manufactures and commerce: the first is
necessary to our existence, the second to our independence,
the third to our rank as a nation. The entire must be main
tained at whatever price we would pay for Uberty.
12. The Grand Canal: alias cheap exchanges, easy inter
course, and a new cement of the Union.
13. Hospitality, an Irish characteristic not to be forgotten
on Patrick's day. " O'Rourke's noble feast."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 177
14. CivU and reUgious Liberty: the world for their do
main, the human race for their votaries.
15. The regular army and militia of the United States: the
former never so large as to endanger liberty, the latter never
so small as to be unequal to its defence.
16. The Navy of the United States: it was justly reserved
for freemen to chastise the tyrant of the deep.
17. The Press: the hope of freemen, the terror of tyrants;
with it no people can be enslaved, without it none can be free.
18. The United States of America: untouched in their own
soil, be they unstained by the spoU of their neighbors.
19. Ireland as she ought to be: free, sovereign, and inde
pendent. Volunteers.
By Major Noon — ^The Vice-President of the United
States; his patriotism and services during the late war, will
ever be remembered with feelings of gratitude by every
friend of his country.
By Capt. M'Keon. — ^The memory of Montgomery; his
ashes vrill speedily repose in the urn . . . erected to his
memory, by that Congress which declared America free,
sovereign and independent.
By Mr. Irvine — The doctrine of Transmigration exempli
fied; Liberty extinct in Europe, is animating South America.
By Mr. Dillon — Thomas Addis Emmet, Esq. our late
worthy President; the ornament of his native country, the
friend to that of his adoption.
The President having retired, the Vice-President took the
chair — while the following toast was given :
Our worthy President — ^The patriot, the politician, the
man of science.
The land that gave us birth, and the land we live in. May
the soris and daughters of the natives of Europe who emi
grate, never be deceived by the hopes held out to them by
foreign powers.

1^8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
The Vice-President having retired, Capt. M'Keon, the
2d Vice-President, took the chair, when the foUowirig toast
was given :
Robert Fox, our worthy Vice President — His uniform,
independent, and patriotic conduct, has endeared him to all
who have the pleasure of his acquaintance.
By Mr. Murney — May the enemies of this country here,
and the oppressed of the old, meet each other half seas over.
By Mr. Pigott — The Irishman as he is, the statesman,
the general and the glory of his country — ^May those virtues
never be diminished, particularly in the land of freedom.
The 2d Vice-President having retired, the foUowing toast
was given :
Our worthy 2d Vice-President, Captain James M'Keon —
May he have an opportunity of exerting as much bravery in
the defence of his native soil, as he has done in the protection
of his adopted country.
May Irishmen flourish in every cUmate, and always sub
stantiate the character they profess : — " a . Uon in battle, a
saint in love, and a brother in charity."
May the friends of liberty in Europe who have volunteered
their services in South America, meet the reward they
deserve. Provisions to the unprovided.
The sons of Irishmen, who fell in vindication of their coun
try's rights— May the earth rest lightly on them, and the
shamrock bloom green o'er their graves, till in future days
their epitaphs shall be engraved by the hands of freemen.
On motion of Dr. Macneven, seconded by the whole com
pany, the thanks of the company were given to Garrit Gil
bert, Esq. for his eloquent and patriotic Oration, delivered
this day before the Society.

^^ Under date of March i6, 1819, The " Evening Post " and
" The Columbian " both contained the following:

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 179
Shamrock Friendly Association
Anniversary of the Shamrock Friendly Association will
be celebrated on the 17th March inst. at Washington Hall,
at half past 12 o'clock, P.M.
1st. Music.
2d. The address of Stephen P^ Lemoine, Esq.
3d. Music.
Members of the society and strangers who wish to partake
of the anniversary dinner, can procure tickets at the bar of
Washington Hall, or of the members of the coinmittee. The
dinner wiU be on the table at 5 o'clock, P.M. at Mr. M.
Byrne's Hotel, Fly Market. Charles Mahon, Secretary,
86 Maiden Lane.
The celebration was a glorious success, " The Columbian "
of March 20, 1819, saying of it:

Shamrock Friendly Association
This Association celebrated their anniversary on the 17th
inst. — ^An Oration was delivered at Washington Hall by
Stephen P. Lemoine, Esq., in which the history of Ireland,
and its early claim to civilization and literature, were briefly
and eloquently portrayed, in a manner to call forth the
warm applause of an intelligent audience.
The Society partook of an excellent entertainment at
Byrne's Fly-Market Hotel, after which the foUowing toasts
were drank :
I. The Fair Sex —
Ye are stars of the night — ^ye are gems of the morn —
Ye are dew-drops whose lustre iUumines the thorn;
And adorn'd by the bays, or enwreath'd by the willow.
Your smile is our mead, your bosom our pillow.
2. The pious and immortal memory of St. Patrick.
3. The Day — the Irishman's jubilee. — " St. Patrick's
Day."

j8q early CELEBRATIONS
4. The land we inhabit — The memory of Columbus, who
discovered it; honor to the heroes who bled for it; dignities
to the patriots who have preserved it: — the bulwark of lib
erty; the school of self-government; the envy of royal power;
the asylum of persecuted worth. — " Hail Columbia."
5. Erin — Land of our Fathers — May she rise in her great
ness; the progress of the human mind will then be no longer
retarded by the pressure of despotism. — " Exile of Erin."
6. The President of the United States — Deriving his au
thority from the sole legitimate source, the will of the people
— the first among his equals. — " Rights of Man."
7. The Vice-President of the United States — " Tomp
kins' March."
8. DeWitt Clinton — The Governor of the Great and Pa
triotic State of New York; calumniated by a few partisans
who are unwilling to acknowledge its [his?] merits, and af
fect to support principles, while their only object is place. —
" Grand Canal."
9. The Emigrants from Europe — Every republican will
hail them as friends — every philanthropist will welcome them
as strangers — " Hail to the Chief."
10. Gratitude, more conspicuous in actions than in words.
He whose brows are entwined with the Shamrock may for
get his enemies — his friends never. — " Blow, blow, ye winds."
II. The newly acquired territory of Florida — Its wilder
ness will soon fall before the industry and skill of Freemen. —
" HaU Liberty."
12. The truly great of every country, who espoused or
have fallen in order to estabUsh National Independence.
" Glory of Brian."
13. Our brethren in South America — ^Their firmness wiU
soon teach their haughty foe, that timely retreat only can
prevent total destruction. — " Stay at home, ye rogues."
14. The Grand Canal — ^The key-stone of the Union.
" Clinton's March."
15. General Jackson — A foe to savages in every cfime.— '
" Jackson's morning brush."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY l8l
1 6. The heroes of the revolution and late war — The for
mer proved themselves apt scholars — the latter, able mas
ters. — " Brown's March."
17. The memory of Washington. — [Silent.]
18. Thomas Jefferson, the stranger's friend. — " Yankee
Doodle." 19. The memory of General Richard Montgomery.
[Silent.] 20. The Ocean, the highway of nations — The surface for
freemen, the bottom for tyrants. — " Liberty, Commerce,
and Freedom."
21. The Press — ^The palladium of Liberty.
22. A National Debt, for which every man in England
pays twenty dollars a year: — Republicans, less ambitious,
remain less blessed. Volunteers.
By the President. — Stephen P. Lemoine, Esq., the Orator
of the Day — ^The Phillips of America. — (9 cheers).
By the First Vice-President — ^The Grand Canal. — Our
farmers have grubbed the Roots that impeded the progress
of the Big Ditch — (6 cheers).
By the Second Vice-President, pro tem. — Counsellor Phil
lips — May his transcendent talents be employed in the eman
cipation of his country. — (9 cheers).
By Stephen P. Lemoine. — The 17th of March — May the
recollections of this day remain as fresh on your memories
as your own emblem — the evergreen Shamrock. — (9 cheers).
By A. T. Spring. — The immortal memory of Robert Em
met. — [Drank standing.]
By Col. Pell. — ^Talents, integrity, and patriotism — the only
distinctions of citizenship worthy a nation of freemen.
By Dr. Arden. — Major General Brown, the hero of the
North — His great achievements will ever be held in grateful
remembrance by his fellow citizens. — (9 cheers).
By George A. O'Keeffe, Esq. — The historian and the war-

i82 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
rior, the patriot and the philanthropist. Sir Robert Wilson —
the deliverer of Lavalette — (9 cheers).
By Noah Bartlett, Esq. — ^A speedy release to the insolvent
debtor. — (6 cheers).
By George B. Barry, Esq. — ^The literary Shamrock of Ire
land — May its verdure never be blighted by the press of tyr
anny — Moore, Maturin, and PhUlips.
By Lieut. M'Keon. — His honor James M. Wayne, Mayor
of the City of Savannah — the Stranger's Protector.— (6
cheers). After the President had retired —
By George Mills — Our worthy President — His valor had
been proved in the defence of his adopted country. — (9
cheers). By Mr. Burke. — May our Shamrock never be withered by
the blightening spirit of party.
By Mr. M. H. Bowyer — Our brother in South America,
Baptis Irvine — We regret his absence, but are consoled by
the prospects of his mission being accomplished.

CHAPTER XVIII.
The Shamrock Friendly Association of New York (Concluded) — A
Splendid Celebration in 1820 at Washington Hall — The Declaration of
Independence Read by Jonas Humbert, Jr. — ^An Oration by George
Alexander O'Keefe — Another Notable Celebration Held by the Society
in 1822 — Capt. James McKeon, President.
In March, 1820, the leading New York papers contained
this notice, viz :
Shamrock Friendly Association.
The Society will celebrate the next anniversary of St.
Patrick, on Friday next, the 17th instant, at Washington
Hall. The officers elect will be installed at 2 o'clock, P.M.
At half past 2 the following exercises will commence, with
music at intervals, to which the public is respectfully invited
to attend : —
I. A Prayer.
2. An Oration, by George A. O'Keefe, Esq.
3. Declaration of Independence, by J. Humbert, Jun. Esq.
4. The Society will dine at 4 o'clock precisely. Gentle
men desirous of joining in the celebration of the Festival,
can be furnished with tickets at the bar of the Hall.
Jno. Bohan, Sec'ry.
" The Columbian," March 22, 1820, has the following de
tailed report of the event :

The Anniversary of the patron saint of Ireland was cele
brated at Washington Hall, at 2 o'clock P.M. on Friday last,
by the Shamrock Friendly Association.
After the prayer, Capt. M'Keon proceeded to the initiation
of counsellor Lemoine, the president elect, and the other
officers.

jg. EARLY CELEBRATIONS
The Declaration of Independence was read by Mr. Jonas
Humbert, Jun.
George Alexander O'Keefe, Esq. gave the oration in the
true spirit of a son of the Green Isle. The orator, amidst
repeated applause, spread before Irishmen, as an example
worthy their imitation, the virtues and patriotism of their
forefathers; their unshaken constancy to their God and their
Country, notwithstanding the unceasing virulence of seven
centuries of British persecution. He remarked on the happy
amalgamation in the society of the native with the adopted
citizen, and drew from it the most happy presages of future
usefulness. At 4 o'clock the company partook of an elegant dinner
prepared by Mr. M'Intire, in his usual style ; after dinner the
following toasts were drank : —
1st. The day we celebrate — If it must not form a part of
the first year of Irish liberty, may it at least belong to the last
year of Irish slavery (3 cheers). Tune — " Tho' dark are our
sorrows." 2d. Ireland — Separated from the rest of the world by na
ture and an encircling ocean, sufficiently extensive and popu
lous for the purpose of independence, may its only political
relationship with other nations be " Enemies in war, in peace
friends." (6 cheers.) Tune—" Patrick's Day."
3d. The United States of America — The land of the free,
the asylum of the persecuted, the resting place of the exile,
the home of the emigrant. (6 cheers.) Tune — " Hail Col
umbia." 4. The President of the United States. (3 cheers.)
5. The Vice President of the United States. (3 cheers.)
6. The Governor of the State of New York. (6 cheers.)
7. The memory of Robert Emmet, WiUiam Orr, and other
Irish patriots who resolve to live free or die. (SUence.)
8. The memory of George Washington — His name is his
best eulogy. (Silence.) Tune—" Washington's March."
9. The Army and Navy of the United States — Tune—
" Yankee Doodle."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 185
10. Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce — The bases
of independence, industry and wealth. (6 cheers.) Tune —
" America, Commerce and Freedom."
II. The patriots of South America — May the last battle
be theirs. (6 cheers.) Tune—" Hail Liberty."
12. The friend of the emigrant and stranger — He cannot
be a true repubUcan who could be their enemy. (12 cheers.)
Tune—" The ExUe of Erin."
13. The Fair Daughters of every nation.
Volunteers.
By J. Meyher. Our ex-president, Capt. M'Keon — His
exertions in private have been commensurate with his public
zeal for the interest of the society.
By Capt. M'Keon, ex-president— George A. O'Keefe, Esq.
the cwator of the day — The emigrant with genuine Irish feel
ing blended with attachment to the institutions of this
country. By the President. The Shamrock, the emblem of our So
ciety — May its verdure never be blighted by the Demon
Spirit of Party.
By Capt. Davy, first vice-president. The memory of Pat
rick Sarsfield, the invincible hero — He procured the treaty
of Limerick — British perfidy broke it.
By Jonas Humbert, Jun. 2d vice-president. The patriot
and philanthropist of all nations — May their united endeav
ors produce a derangement of the plans of tyranny, and show
deluded man his true friend.
By T. Madden. The Rev. Dr. Taylor — The accomplished
scholar and philanthropist.
By J. Bohan. The Rev. Dr. Power — His virtues and tal
ents command and receive our esteem.
By Geo. A. O'Keefe. The memory of Commodore Perry,*
the Hero of Lake Erie — He well merited the national tribute
conveyed in the message of the president.
* Perry's mother, Sarah Wallace Alexander, was a native of Ireland.

i86

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

By J. M. Espada. The South American patriots — May
another Washington arise to lead them through their glori
ous struggle to independence.
By D. M. Byrne. The immortal memory of an Irish pa
triot — ^Wm. Michael Byrne.
By J. S. Arden. A speedy emancipation to the sons of
Erin — ^May they be hail'd as a sister requblic, as also the op
pressed of all nations.
The President having retired — By Capt. North. Our
President, S. P. Lemoine, Esq. — ^The friend of the Alien—
the friend of the Irish Emigrant.

In 1822, the Association once more honored the memory
of St. Patrick. The following account of the celebration ap
pears in " The Evening Post," of March 22, that year :

The Shamrock Friendly Association met on Monday, the
1 8th instant at 5 o'clock, P.M. when the following officers
were installed :
Capt. Jas. M'Keon, President.
Mr. NaphaU Judah, ist Vice President.
Wm. M'Cluskey, 2d Vice President.
John W. Wright, Treasurer.
James Foley, Corresponding Sec'ry.
Thomas O'Connor, Recording Sec'ry.
Lieut. P. M'Keon, \
Mr. Owen M'Cartin, > Com. of Accounts.
Mr. Francis O'NeU, j
At 7 o'clock, the members of the Society, with their
friends, partook of an excellent supper prepared by Mr.
M'Cluskey; plenty and variety covered the board.
The foUowing toasts were drank, and the evening cheered
with excellent songs, during the prevalence of great harmony
and good humour :

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 187
The day we celebrate, like the religion of its iUustrious
saint, haUowed throughout the universe. — " St. Patrick's
Day." The land of our nativity, Erin is rising in her greatness,
the progress of the human mind cannot be retarded by the
puny efforts of the petty tyrants of a day. — " Erin go Bragh."
The land we inhabit. Incense to the memory of Columbus
who discovered it; honors to the heroes who bled for it; digf-
nities to the patriots who preserve it; the Bulwark of Liberty;
the school for self-government ; the envy Of regal power, the
Asylum of persecuted worth.
Gratitude more conspicuous in actions than in words. He
whose brows are entwined with the Shamrock may forget
his enemies, but his friends never. " Blow, blow, thou bitter
wind." The men of Ireland, before the die is cast, and the day of
retribution is arrived, may they become in reality what they
are in name — Irishmen. — " Mary Le More."
The truly great in every country, who espoused, or have
fallen in order to establish, or perpetuate, national independ
ence, history will do them justice. — " Remember the glories
of Brian the brave."
The President of the United States and the heads of de
partments, wisdom in council, intrepidity in danger, and
honour throughout.
Generals Jackson and Bolivar, the heroes of the North
and of the South; on ground destined for the residence of
freemen, the minions of England and Spain fell conquered
and lie forgotten.
Our brethren in the South, may those of them who yet
struggle, meet the success of the victorious.
The memory of Washington — Csesar and Alexander will
be forgotten, but the hero of America will live for ever.
The memory of Montgomery and Emmet — they died en
deavoring to give Liberty to the two hemispheres.
Benevolent institutions all over the world, may they col
lectively and individually exercise charity without ostenta-

jgg EARLY CELEBRATIONS
tion, religion without bigotry, philosophy without infidelity,
arts and science without pedantry, and render impartial jus
tice to all mankind, without reference to geographical dis
tinctions, cUmate, colour or language.—" The Poor Negro."
Woman, lovely Woman, without thee creation were a
blank — with thee the cup of human happiness is brim full.
" Cushla Ma-cree." Volunteers.
By the President. — The rights of man erected over the
ruins of despotism.
By the ist V. Prest. — Irishmen, they never turn their back
to a friend or an enemy.
By the 2d V. President. — Brethren of all nations, may
prosperity and happiness attend their views and undertak
ings for the progress and happiness of the human family. —
" Liberty, Commerce and Freedom."
By the late President. — Don Juan O'Donohu, the friend
of Old and New Spain.
By the Corresp. Sec'ry. — The patriotic and friendly sons
of St. Patrick, all over the world.
By the Recording Secretary. — Americans, may it be their
boast that they are, like Jefferson, the stranger's friend.
By Mr. Charles O'Connor. — Our President, Captain
James M'Keon, who in whatever station he has been placed,
has always acted with honour to himself, and usefulness to
the cause of liberty, and suffering humanity, when defending
the country of his adoption on the banks of the Niagara, or
at the head of a philanthropic society, extending comfort and
consolation to the exiled sons of his own native land.
By Lieut. M'Keon.— The Hon. J. C. Calhoun, the stran
ger's friend, out of office, as weU as in office.
By Mr. John D. Walsh.— Prosperity to the " Shamrock,"
and every other free and independent press; may they be
ever guarded with the jealous vigilance, and meet with ade
quate encouragement from a liberal public.
By Mr. Toohey.— Mr. Lawless, the editor of the " Belfast

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 189
Irishman," a true patriot, whose bright talents, and un
doubted patriotism, gave him a high rank among those wor
thies, who, ever and anon, during the long night of Ireland's
bondage, have burst forth from the dark cloud of ignorance
with which Britain would fain obscure their unhappy coun
try, and showed to the world, that oppression, however it
may enchain the body, can never conquer the mind.
By one of the company — Our highly talented countryman
Danl. O'Connell, Esq., Barrister at Law; the inflexible patriot
3nd undeviating friend of civil and religious liberty — he is an
ornament to his country and profession.
By Edward C. Quin — ^^Mr. Shays of N. Jersey, the son of
an Irishman, the sublime and patriotic bard, the effusions of
whose pen are so uniformly warm and devoted to the cause
of liberty and the interest of Ireland.

CHAPTER XIX.
The Memory of St. Patrick Honored by other New York Organiza
tions—The Hibernian Volunteers Dine at Byrne's Hotel in 1796— The
Hibernian Friendly Knot have an Observance at the same Place in 1797
—The Druid's Grand Lodge Celebrates the Day in 1799— Other Celebra
tions Noted.
We find special mention of two St. Patrick's Day celebra
tions in New York city in 1785. One of them was at the
" Coffee House " and the other at " Capes Tavern." One of
these observances is beUeved to have been under the auspices
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, but it does not apper
under whose auspices the other was held. The two observ
ances are thus referred to in the " New York Packet," March
21,1785: Anniversary of St. Patrick.
Thursday being the anniversary of St. Patrick, tutelar saint
of Ireland, the same was celebrated at the Coffee-House,
by a number of respectable gentlemen of that ancient nation,
with that festivity and good humour for which the brave
sons of Hibernia, have ever been remarkable. His Excel
lency the Governor, his Honor the Chancellor, Hon. John
Jay, Hon. Judge Hobart, the Attorney General, and several
members of the legislature, honoured this social knot with
their company at dinner.
The same anniversary was also celebrated on the 17th inst.
at Capes Tavern, by a numerous and respectable company of
the liberal sons of Ireland. Mirth, harmony and good hu
mour was the characteristic of this happy set. Their bump
ers were filled to loyalty and universal benevolence. The
dinner was remarkably exceUent, and the wines deUcious.
A resident named Morgan was engaged in the tavern
business in New York as early as 1786. Under date of

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 191
March 15, that year, he had a notice in "The Independent
J ournal," reading as follows :
St. Patrick
The festival of that ancient, noble and weU-beloved Patron
of Ireland, will be celebrated on Friday next, at Morgan's
New Tavern, the Sign of the Grand Mason's Arms, on the
Dock near the Ferry-Staii-s, Water Street, where the Com
pany of all the well-wishers of that Titular Saint will be ex
pected; more especially as Mr. Morgan has much exerted
himself to have his House in order for the reception of his
Countrymen, and other well-wishers on that Day, being the
first of opening.
New York, March 15, 1786.
Mr. Morgan's desire to please, was no doubt, appreciated
by those who assembled on that occasion. Quite an am
bitious celebration of the day took place in 1796 under the
auspices of the New York Hibernian Volunteers. The
"American Minerva," New York, March 18, thus tells about
the event: St. Patrick's Day.
Yesterday being the Anniversary of the Tutelar Saint of
Ireland, a number of young Irishmen who have formed them
selves into a military corps caUed The New York Hibernian
Volunteers met to celebrate the Day, at Byrne's Hotel, where
they drank the following toasts, expressive of their senti
ments :
I. The Day and all who honour it. — 3 Cheers.
2. The Isle of Saints.
3. Our adopted Country.
4. George Washington. The Soldier in War, the Patriot
in Peace, the Father of his Country and the Friend of Man
kind. — 9 Cheers.
5. The Governor and State of New York. — 3 Cheers.
6. The MiUtary of the United States. — 3 cheers.
7. The French Republic, our magnanimous allies. May
they soon enjoy in peace that liberty which they have so long

J 02 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
embraced with enthusiasm, and of which they have been the
invincible defenders, and all the happiness which liberty can
bestow. — 9 Cheers.
8. Rational Liberty — May its mild and beneficent influ
ence dispel the mists with which despotism and superstition
have clouded the genius of our native country.
9. May the Hibernian volunteers maintain in the New
World, the honour they have acquired in the Old — 3
Cheers. 10. May the inherent courage, hospitality and generosity
of an Irishman, never be impaired by change of climate. —
3 Cheers. II. The patriots of our adopted country — As soldiers may
we emulate their courage, and as citizens their virtues. — 6
Cheers. 12. May the American Eagle ever expand its wings to
protect the Irish Harp, and the Harp ever be a worthy sup
porter of the American Eagle.
13. May the conduct of the Sons of Hibernia ever entitle
them to the esteem and confidence of those of Columbia.
14. The Sovereign People — May every Citizen be a Sol
dier and every Soldier a Citizen.
15. The Fair Daughters of Columbia — ^May the Sons of
Hibernia ever merit and enjoy their smiles.
Volunteers from the Chair.
The St. Patrick Society.
The Corps of New York Rangers.
After spending the day in harmony and conviviality the
company dispersed at an Early Hour.

The following notice was published March 16, 1797:
The Hibernian Friendly Knot.
The members of the Hibernian Friendly Knot, are re
quested to attend their Prelate at Byrne's Tavern,' No. 126

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 193
Fly-market, on Friday, March 17, to transact business of
importance, and celebrate the Festival.
Dinner on the table at 5 o'clock
Signed by order L. C, Sec'ry.
" Greenleafs Daily Argus " of March 18, 1797, pleasantly
announces that " St. Patrick's Day in the morning, was cele
brated very quietly last night."
In 1799, mention is found of a celebration by an organiz
ation known as the Druid's Grand Lodge, though whether
they claimed anything in common with the Irish druids of
old, the record does not state. As they met on this occa
sion at the " Druid's Head Tavern," it may be that they took
their name from that hostelry. The notice for the meeting
here follows : Druid's Grand Lodge.
New York.
The Brethren resident in New York, are informed that
the Grand Lodge will celebrate the 17th of March on Mon
day, the 1 8th inst., when the Members will dine at the Druid's
Head Tavern, James street.
Mistleto on the table at 4, Dinner on the Table at 5 o'clock
— Oration at half past 6.
Signed by order
Durock G. A. V. A. T. B.
A communication in " The Morning Chronicle," March
21, 1805, contains the curious information that " Monday
being set apart for the celebration of St. Patrick's Day, a few
sons of the Saint, boarding at the Sheriff's Hotel, met on
the occasion, at No. 4, on the middle hall, and at 3 o'clock,
sat down to a handsome dinner, prepared on the occasion,
when the day was spent in the greatest harmony and conviv
iahty — Among the numerous toasts and sentiments, the fol
lowing were given by the president and vice president. * * *
" Our Creditors — May they never forget the 31st verse
of the 6th chapter of St. Luke.
" 14. Our Landlord — May the iron rod of oppression be
13

J -4 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
ever softened by his humanity and attention towards his
boarders. * * *
" 17. Judge Livingston — A friend to the distressed pris
oners. " 18. The Recorder — A speedy arrival to him from Al
bany." Among the New York observances in 181 7 we learn* that
" a very numerous and highly respectable company cele
brated the anniversary of St. Patrick, at the Shamrock-Hall,
where they partook of an elegant and sumptuous supper; Mr.
Dennis M'Carty, President, assisted by Mr. J. Humbert, as
vice-president. Good humour, wit and harmony prevailed
throughout. The pleasure of the occasion was enhanced by
the company of several intelligent gentlemen recently arrived
in New-York from Europe, as well as by that of a deputation
from the Hibernian Provident Society, for a part of the
evening. " After the 2d toast, an appropriate discourse was pro
nounced by Mr. Pyke, the Secretary. It was at once rhet
orical and argumentative, and received with universal
applause. " The following are the toasts — the gentlemen giving vol
unteers, only partially distinguishable; many being written
with pencils : "
I. The Day — Sacred to social intercourse and friendly
recollections — A health to all who honour it. " Patrick's
day in the morning."
2. The Hibernian Provident Society — And all other asso
ciations- promotive of social good — concert with them and
feUcity to them. Song, " Fill the bumper fair."
3. The land we live in — " The asylum of oppressed human
ity " — May the union of the States last as long as their lib
erty, and both be eternal. " HaU Columbia."
4. James Monroe — President of the United States. In
France, the friend of the emigrant; every where the friend of
freedom. " The Eagle of Freedom and Shamrock my boys."
* " The Columbian," March 18, 1817.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 1 95
5. The army of the United States — The advanced guard of
freedom, a good specimen of the nation. " The Star-
spangled Banner."
6. The Navy — ^Whose impressive moral lessons have re
formed the pirates of England and Algiers. Song —
" Ye gentlemen of England, reclining at your ease,
" How little do you know of the dangers of the seas."
7. The Militia — ^An armed nation — " Conscript fathers "
and conscript sons^-every citizen a soldier — every soldier
a citizen. " Jackson's Morning Brush."
8. American Manufactures — Let us show the world that
the nation which could repel the arms of England will not be
conquered by her arts. , " America, Commerce and Free
dom." 9. Ireland as she ought to be — Free, sovereign and inde
pendent. " Oh ! had we some bright little isle of our own."
10. The superabundant population of Ireland — Settlers for
the superabundant soil of the United States. " When Adam
at first was created."
II. France — ^An asylum of persecuted emigrants — France,
by whose aid American independence was achieved — ^who
neglected the independence of Ireland, and thereby lost her
own — May that centre of civilization soon become the abode
of freedom by exchanging the King of France for a French
government. " Marseillaise Hymn."
12. The Exiles of France in America — ^They who cultiv
ated the laurel on the Rhine, the Po and the Danube, may
successfully cultivate the olive and vine on the Mississippi.
" The Soldier tired of war's alarms."
13. Cause and Effect — ^The first emigrants to the Ameri
can wilderness, and their independent posterity — " If the one
had not been the other would not be." " Says Plato why
should man be vain."
14. Franklin — The favourite of philosophy, the benefactor
of the human race — Eripuit coelo fulmen sceptrumque
tyrannis.

196

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

15. General Washington — The great man who com
manded an army composed of all nations, was above national
prejudices. "Tho' the last glimpse of Erin with sorrow I
see." 16. George Clinton — Distinguished in the council and in
the field — his fame is as imperishable as the scenes of his
actions. " Come on ye hearts of temper'd steel."
17. Thomas Jefferson — The apostle of liberty, who ex
tended to the exiles of Europe that hospitality which the Am
erican savages had not denied to the victims of EngUsh
oppression. 18. The American Fair — The exile stays his pilgrim step
to offer homage at the shrine of beauty and virtue.
" The world was sad, the garden was wild.
And man the hermit sigh'd till woman smil'd.
Volunteers.
T. A. Emmet and Dr. MacNeven, our worthy president
and 1st vice president — Men who dared be honest in the
worst of times.
Robert Fox, our 2d vice president — Regret for his ab
sence, respect for his worth.
Robert Emmet — ^A man in councU, though a youth in
years — ^a precious offering but a bloody sacrifice — May his
epitaph be speedily written.
Thomas Russel, and the glorious army of Martyrs who
bled at the altar of British despotism — Immortality to
their names — resurrection to the independence of their
country. (By Capt. M'Keon)— DeWitt Clinton— above prejudice,
above calumny — a man without guile, a politician without
reproach — 9 cheers.
After Mr. M'Carty retired, Mr. Humbert was caUed to
the chair, and gave.
The President of the Day — An honest man, an unassuming I
citizen, and decided repubUcan. " |

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 197
The Tammany Society of New- York — Who would divide
fellow citizens into castes, by excluding the countrymen of
Montgomery, of Gates, of Steuben, and of La Fayette, from
fellowship — Let white Indians have as much liberaUty as red
ones, and employ the calumet as well as the scalping-knife.
Song — " When Rome by dividing had conquer'd the
worid," &c.
(By Mr. Humbert) — ^The Grand Republican Convention
of this state, may they echo the wishes of the people — 3
cheers. (By Mr. Dillon) — Daniel D. Tompkins, our late Governor,
his patriotic services during the late war have been honour
ably appreciated by the people.
Thomas Paine, the herald of civil liberty, the terror of
kings, the champion of the people — religious opinions aside,
we cannot forget his political merits — 3 cheers.
" He left America his debtor ;
" I wish she e'er may find a better."
He :{: 3): He ^ :{:
(By Mr. Charles Mahon) — ^The Emerald Isle — Before the
next anniversary of our patron saint, may we have the fe
licity of celebrating its independence in common with our
transatlantic brethren — 6 cheers,
(By Mr. Smith) — The memory of Lord Edward Fitzgerald
and other patriots who died in defence of their country's
rights. Counsellor Sampson — His indefatigable exertions in be
half of the manufactures of this country shall in future
ages be reiterated by the noise of the shuttle.
(By Mr. Wall) — General Montgomery — may the next war
afford an opportunity of writing his epitaph in Quebec.
(By Mr. Burns) — May the foot of a British tyrant never
trample on the grave of Lawrence.
(By Mr. Costigan) — Ireland, a monster — ^five miUions of
heads and one heart.
The company separated at a very early hour, * * *

J -8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
From "The Gazette," (N. Y.), of March 20, 1821, we
learn that :

A select party of the Friendly Sons of Erin, celebrated
the Anniversary of their Tutelar Saint at the Commercial
Coffee-House, Fly-market, on the 17th inst. An excellent
Dinner was served up at 5 o'clock, in Dillon's best style. The
following Toasts were drank, and several Patriotic Songs
were sung; after which the company retired, much pleased
with their entertainment, and liberality of the evening.
I. The pious and immortal memory of St. Patrick — May
the anniversary of the day dedicated to his honor be ever
kept as a jubUee among Irishmen.
2. Our Native Land, the gem of the Ocean — May we soon
have the pleasure of hearing that she has taken the rank
due to her among civiUzed nations; to be free and inde
pendent. 3. The United States of America — The asylum of the per
secuted, and home of the industrious; may they long flourish,
free and happy.
4. The President of the United States — His patriotism,
virtues and talents have so endeared him to a virtuous people,
that he has been again called upon to fill the executive chair
of the most free and happy nation on earth; we wish him
the blessings of health and happiness.
5. The Vice-President of the United States — His patriotic
and pubUc services will always be held in grateful remem
brance by an enlightened nation.
6. The Navy and Army of the United States. — ^The former
the gallant supporters of their country's liberty on the seas ;
the latter's motto " pro aris et focis " on land; they have
always done it honor.
7. DeWitt Clinton, Governor of the State of New- York —
The profound scholar and accomplished gentleman; his ex
ertions to render his native state, in the opinion of the world,
the first for agriculture, manufactures and commerce, must

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 199
be always viewed as proofs of his good understanding and
sincere love for the people.
8. The memory of the immortal Washington — The great
est hero and best man the world ever produced; others have
conquered to aggrandize themselves and enslave their re
spective countries; he to free even the slave, and make all
independent. 9. Gen. Andrew Jackson, the hero of New-Orleans — He
has been always attached to the country which gave his and
our fathers birth, and evinced in this the land of his nativity,
that "what's bred in the bone cannot be got out of the flesh";
he hates oppression, and punished a tyrant's vassals, when
the opportunity offered.
10. The memory of Gen. Montgomery — He gave us an
example worthy of imitation, by sacrificing his life for the
freedom and honor of his adopted country.
II. Our Countrymen throughout the United States, who
having drank deeply of the bitter cup of persecution in their
native land, at length dashed it from their lips, and retired
hither to enjoy the sweets of tranquility — May they never
prove forgetful of the kindness and philanthropy with which
they were received.
12. Our Brethren of the lately acquired Territory of the
Floridas — May they become useful and faithful citizens, and
ever hail with joy the anniversary of the day on which they
were made freemen.
13. The Republic of Colombia, our legitimate twin sister
— ^We hope her example will be followed from the Isthmus
of Darien to Cape Horn.
14. The immortal memory of our dear countryman
Emmet — He loved liberty, and gloriously died for having
endeavored to make his native land free; a second Washing
ton as a patriot, but unhappily not so successful.
15. The Queen of Great Britain — The conduct of her hus
band and his ministers towards her is sufficient to convince
the world that he is another Henry the Worst ; they, his obse
quious minions; and clearly shows what the integrity or

200 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
honor of that government is in the administration of Irish
affairs. 1 6. The memory of Theobald Wolfe Tone, the Sheares,
and others of our beloved countrymen, who were immolated
at the shrine of despotism, by the ruthless and exterminating
hand of tyranny.
17. Lovely Women — The last, the fairest, and the best of
creation; may they never take to their arms any but those
who are willing to cherish and protect them.
In " The Evening Post " of March 21, 1823, it is stated
that " The Friendly Sons of Erin celebrated the anniversary
of their tutelar Saint, at the Commercial Coffee House, on
the 17th inst. Mr. Dillon furnished a superb dinner, served
in handsome style. A variety of toasts and songs closed the
evening's amusement, and the company retired much
pleased." i

CHAPTER XX.
An Oration in New York City, in 1824, by William Bayley, Esq. — It
was Announced to be Delivered in "Military Hall, 11 Spruce St." — An
Irish Dtama Presented at the Chatham Theatre on St. Patrick's Anni
versary, 1827 — ^William McDonnell Gives a Public Dinner, in 1829, " at
the Bowery Long Room " — A " Shamrock Ball " takes place in 1830.
Under the head of " Irishmen — St. Patrick's Day," a
notice appears in the " Advertiser," (N. Y.), March 17, 1824,
stating that " Wm. Bayley Esq. will deliver an appropriate
Oration this day at i o'clock, at the Military Hall, No. 11
Spruce St."
The N. Y. " Commercial Advertiser," March 17, 1827,
announces that " The warm-hearted sons of Erin celebrate
the anniversary of their tutelar saint this day. Mr. Niblo
provides for the wants of the body, and among other delica
cies his larder presents the rarity, so early in the season, of
half a dozen fine shad." The following also appeared in the
" Advertiser " of this date :
Chatham Theatre.
This Evening the Hibernian Drama of " Brian Boroih-
me": Brian, Mr. Scott; O'Donohue, Stevenson; Terence,
Anderson; Minstrel, Howard; Tormagnus, Durang; Volti-
mar, Ma3rwood; Erina, Mrs. WaUack; Emma, Mrs. Lacomb;
Elgitha, Mrs. Entwistle. For Scenery, &c. see bills.
Comic Song, by Mr. Simpson. And the farce entitled
" Botheration." Thady O'Blarney, Mr. Anderson.
Performance to begin at ^ before 7 o'clock.
William McDonnell gave a " public dinner " on St.
Patrick's Day, 1829. It was announced in "The Evening
Post " of the day before, the announcement thus reading :
Public Dinner — In commemoration of the patron saint

202 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
of Ireland, St. Patrick, William McDonnell, at the request
of many of his friends, proposes to give a Public Dinner on
the 17th inst. at the Bowery Long Room, No 58 Bowery.
Tickets to be had at Mr. James Sweeney's, Chatham Row;
Mr. Joseph Hunt's, do; Mr. Patrick Mangin's, do; Mr. Wil
liam C. Sloan's, No. 338 Broadway; Mr. James Harrison's
Northern Hotel, Cortiandt st; Mr. John Fegan's, No. 126
Chatham st. ; Mr. Thomas Plunket, Willett and Stanton sts;
Mr. Edward Flannagan's, Rivington and Goerick sts; Mr.
P. Duffy, 290 Grand st; Mr. WilUam Friel's, Water street;
Mr. John McQuade's, Cherry st; Mr. Arthur Ray's, Murray
st, and at the bar of the Bowery Theatre Hotel. Dinner on
the table at half past 4 o'clock, precisely. Tickets $1.50.
N.B. The Long Room will be brilliantly illuminated,
and a full length likeness of the patron Saint will be exhib
ited in the hall. An excellent band of music is engaged and
will attend on the occasion. Wm. McDonnell.
In 1830, New York had a " Shamrock Ball " in honor of
the day. " The Gazette " of March 17, had this mention of
the event :
" Shamrock Ball — ^An amusement of this description is
announced for this evening at the Bowery Theatre. It is
a pleasant mode of closing the festivities of a day, venerated
by all ' The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick ' among whom
" Worth, prosperity, conviviaUty,
Open sincerity and good humor dwell."
Another notice of this baU was pubUshed the same day in
" The Evening Post " as follows :
"Bowery Theatre. — On St. Patrick's Day, March 17th
a splendid Ball will be given at this Theatre. The Miss
Parkers will dance their much admired Irish Hilt to the
favorite airs of St. Patrick's Day and Katy Lynch. During
the evening the Irish piper O'Donoghue wiU perform
on the wind pipes. Tickets admitting one Gentleman and
two Ladies $2. Gentleman alone $1 ; to be had at the Box
Office of the Park and Bowery Theatres."
On March 17, 183 1, the " Friendly Sons of Ireland " dined

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DAY 203
at St. John's Hall. The following report " From the Eve
ning Journal," was published in the " Evening Post," March
22, concerning the event :

St. Patrick's Day.

Thursday, being St. Patrick's Day, was celebrated by the
" Friendly Sons of Ireland " in this city in a becoming man
ner, and at evening a large number of gentlemen sat down
to dinner at St. John's Hall and concluded the festivities of
the day so dear to Irishmen. Dr. Macneven presided,
assisted by Thomas A. Emmet and Eber Wheaton, Esquires,
vice presidents. Among the guests on this joyous occasion
were the Hon. G. C. Verplanck, the Very Rev. Dr. Power,
Alderman Seaman, and a number of other gentlemen who
were invited to partake of the hospitality of the Association.
The Dinner was excellent and was highly creditable to Mr.
Andrews the worthy landlord of St. John's. After the re
moval of the cloth the regular toasts were announced by the
president, and were received with cheering and echoed by
bursts of appropriate music from an excellent band.
Regular Toasts
I. The day and all who honor it at the feast of reason in
the flow of soul. Air—" St. Patrick's Day."
2. Ireland — Delightful as thou art, yet any change from
what thou art would make thee more delightful still. Air —
" Exile of Erin."
3. The auspicious union of Green and Orange, effacing
forever the dissensions that make of a noble nation a
wretched province. Air — " Shamrock."
4. The federal union of Ireland to Britain with a common
executive, and distinct Legislatures, in place of the Legisla
tive Union that enslaves, impoverishes and provokes to
separation. A National Air.
5. The United States of America, the birthplace of those

204 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
liberal principles that are now abroad on the tour of Europe.
Air—" HaU Columbia."
6. England, reformed and wise enough to prefer free asso
ciates to discontented subjects. National Air.
7. France — In the van of freedom may she succor as well
as lead the nations that aspire to it. " MarseiUaise Hymn."
8. The Belgians — Conspicuous among the Revolutionary
nations, they continue to deserve Csesar's eulogy, " Horum
omnium fortissimi sunt Belgae." Air — " Hail Liberty."
9. Poland — May her " Manifesto " produce fruits as glo
rious as its immortal prototype the Declaration of American
Independence. " Washington's March."
10. Daniel O'Connell — Ireland's incorruptible champion.
He preserves her peace — may he establish her liberty. Air
— " See the conquering hero comes." 9 cheers.
II. The President of the United States — An American
scion of an Irish stock. " President's March."
12. Lafayette, the uncompromising advocate of civil Ub
erty — May his principles predominate in the councils of re
generated France. French National Air.
13. Woman. — The only ruler who governs by right divine.
Six cheers. Air — " O Love is the Soul of a neat Irishman."
Several apologies for absence were read by the President,
and among others was one from his honor the Mayor, and
another from the Vice President, who was prevented by ill
ness from appearing.
The following note from WiUiam Sampson, Esq., directed
to Dr. Macneven, was listened to with evident satisfaction.
It plainly indicated that although that gentleman was absent
in body, he was present in spirit.
" Dear Doctor — I regret that from the yet unconfirmed
state, I cannot take upon me the duties of a Vice President
at the approaching commemoration of our tutelar Saint. I
am past service for a dinner party, but I will volunteer to do
garrison duty as an invalid ; and whilst you and your good
company, with wine cup in hand, make all crack and shiver,
from the foundation to the roof, by force of agitation, I will

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 205
get up an under-plot of a conspiracy to avoid proclamations,
at my own fireside, composed of two or more persons be
sides our household gods; and we will say and do whatever
may be said or moved upon the strength of hot coffee, or
by virtue of young hyson, to promote the great cause, by
abstaining from riot, and keeping the peace..
" In the mean time, express for me, and in your best man
ner, my regret that I cannot be with you, and my thanks
for this and every other mark of kind regard, to the com
mittee of the Society. I have not dined from home but once
since the last anniversary, and then it was with my brethren,
the Friends of Ireland and of Civil and Religious Liberty, on
the 25th November, and it was not with impunity. We
shall, however, drink to your happy meeting, and to the
health and honest intentions of you all, with three times three
" Yours, as ever, truly " WiUiam Sampson
" Of the order of pacificators.
" Lispenard-st., Monday, March 14, 1831."
After the reading of the letter, Dr. Macneven proposed
" Absent Friends " — and in conjunction with this toast, the
name of " William Sampson " was repeated, and received
with " three times three."
Mr. Verplanck being called upon for a sentiment, rose and
addressed the Chairman in a pertinent speech in which he
paid a just tribute to the splendid talents of the great men
who have figured in Irish history, and pronounced a severe
stricture upon the policy of the English government in re
paying the Irish, who had nobly and devotedly defended the
cross of St. George against its enemies, by neglect and con
tumely, and with wrong and injury. Mr. Verplanck con
cluded his remarks by offering the following toast, which was
received by long and continued cheering : —
Ireland — She has for years lent the genius and valor of
her sons to the service of a government which has repaid
her only with wrong — she now claims that genius and valor

^gg EARLY CELEBRATIONS
for herself; may they be henceforward devoted to Ireland's
liberty, happiness and glory.
The Very Reverend Dr. Power was invited by the Presi
dent to propose a sentiment. This gentleman was listened
to with the profoundest attention, and we find ourselves at
a loss to do justice to the beautiful and classical remarks
which fell from the reverend gentleman on the occasion. He
commenced by observing to the President, that it would
perhaps be matter of surprise when he should say, that until
now, the return of the anniversary of Ireland's patron Saint,
had invariably filled his heart with sorrow and depressed his
feelings with sadness. But how could he feel otherwise, when
he saw the liberties of his native country swallowed up in
tyranny, and the strong arm of power exerted to crush his
beloved countrymen to the earth. It was true, he observed,
semblances of freedom were held out to Ireland, but they
were mere shadows — deceptive practices to amuse, and not
intended to convey benefit to the people. He could not com
pare them better than to liken them to the toys which are
placed before children to tickle the fancy — they were unreal,
and did not better the condition of mankind. But a new
era dawns upon Ireland, and she may now look forward to
more cheering times. She calls for freedom, and none will
deny that she has reason for her appeal. The learned gen
tleman closed his remarks by an apt reference to the pro
phetic words of Curran, and sat down amidst warm applause
which resulted from the deep emotion created by his brief
address. The reverend gentleman proposed :
The immortal memory of Curran, who told England " not
to imagine that a nation containing at least two thirds of the
military population of the empire, would remain on her
knees, in hope of the interval, when cruelty and folly may
work themselves to rest, and humanity and justice awake."
Mr. C. C. Rice, being called on for a sentiment, prefaced it
with the following remarks : —
" Mr. Chairman — If, on common-place occasions, when
convened round the festive board of private friendship, we

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 207
feel an expansion of social philanthropy and a buoyancy of
spirit — how much more, then, on the present occasion
should we feel our united influence gushing pure and fervid
from the sacred tide of that " Amor Patriae " which is a com
ponent part of the Irish existence, breathed by nature and
nature's God into him with that very breath which vivified
him in embryo.
" Yes. Sir, if there is anything can add an additional
impetus to our feelings, it is the occasion on which we are
assembled ! — to pour a festive libation on the day of Ireland's
National Festival — a day made sacred by religion, memor
able by glorious events, and hallowed by a mighty people's
fond remembrance! The present crisis of things portends
much for Ireland — ^we see she has once again taken up the
gauntlet and entered the lists of the fight. We see her
boldly standing forth and before Heaven and earth demand
ing a full reinstation of those rights which are her own, her le
gitimate, her unalienable rights, which a demoralizing policy
basely wrested from her — she at length sees that she too long
calmly succumbed to the encrimsoned hand of British an
archy — she feels the mournful lesson it has taught her — she
sees that no one who feels her wrongs dares to right them;
and no one who knows her motives dares to vindicate them.
" Ireland knows the importance of her assuming a formal
and decisive stand — she is now united ! — the barrier of reli
gious dissensions is burst, and Irishmen of every creed and
every sect rally round their common country's cause, and
call aloud for legislative reform — ' A repeal of the Union.'
The eyes of enlightened Europe are awake, and anxiously
watch her energies; their sympathies are aroused at the jus
tice of her cause — and if she but receive the timely, the co
operating hand of the friends of Ireland, the friends of liberty,
and the friends of man, she will, she shall, ere our next anni
versary, have wrenched from the iron hand of her oppressors,
the ' magna charta ' of her legal rights — a resident Parlia
ment. " Ireland expects the friends of civil and reUgious liberty

2og EARLY CELEBRATIONS
to aid her in her mighty work. She looks, sir, to her Amer
ican friends. She leans pensively on some cliff overhanging
the Atlantic's surge, and sees with fancy's eye on the distant
horizon a golden sunbeam as herald of American co-opera
tion. And shall we then coldly blast her hopes, and refuse
her silent, yet no less forcible appeal? No — no! It shall
never be said that the kindly eye of American philanthropy
wants the tear of sympathy for a nation that struggles for
her native freedom. She has warmly shared it with the na
tive land of Bozzaris, and she will not refuse it to the land of
Montgomery. Yes, sir, to that land whose sons stood firm
and unshaken by her side in the hour that ' tried men's
souls ! ' Irishmen in Ireland can no longer assemble to speak
the wrongs of their country. Then let that be the duty of
Irishmen in America. Let us often assemble, agitate, and
make public through the press the wrongs of Ireland; and
anticipating much good from such a course, permit me, sir,
to give as my toast:
" America and Ireland ! — May the Genius of Liberty which
blesses the land of Washington, soon be seen unfurling her
' Sun Burst ' of victory over the tomb of Emmet."
Mr. Mason being called for a song, gave the " Sprig of
Shillalegh," with the following additional verses written fbr
the occasion :
" May heaven bless the land that gave Paddy his birth.
Burst the soul-piercing bonds of that green spot of earth.
Where grows the shillalegh and shamrock so green
When her sons nobly rous'd, shall by unity's charm.
Her oppressors repel, her dissensions disarm
And Erin triumphant, at Freedom's pure shrine.
Shall victory's laurel in glory entwine
Round a sprig of shiUalegh, and shamrock so green."
Mr. Brady of one of the Deputations, after returning
thanks for the handsome reception he met at St. John's, pro
posed —

OF ST. PATRICK' 6 DAY 209
Success to every struggle for civil and reiligious liberty
throughout the world.
By the Deputation from the Cottage House. — ^The Union
of Irishmen — may it soon repeal the British Union.
By G. C. Rice. — The Liberty of Poland — long looked for;
coming at last; bloody or bloodless, as the case may be —
the sooner the better.
" Where's the slave so lowly
Condemn'd to chains unholy,
Who, could he burst his bonds at first.
Would pine beneath them slowly."
Several Deputations from other assemblies of the warm
hearted sons of Ireland and their friends were received dur
ing the evening, and other addresses, which did credit to the
heads and hearts of the speakers, were made by Major M.
Moses, Mr. McKeon and other gentlemen, and the evening
was spent with much good feeling. An ode from the pen
of Mr. Shays was sung with great effect, and we regret that
our limits do not permit us to publish it to-day or give the
substance of the eloquent remarks of the speakers referred
to. We conclude by appending several volunteer toasts.
Dr. Macneven having retired from the chair, the Vice-Presi
dent proposed :
Dr. Wm. Macneven, a patriot of '98 — Still clinging to the
destinies of his country. — Universally respected for his tal
ents; universally admired for his fidelity to the cause of
liberty. By Mr. McKeon. — The Youth of Ireland, may each one
become a Hercules in crushing the serpent of oppression.

On St. Patrick's night, 1832, an " Erin ball " took place
in New York, the " Gazette " stating the day before that
" The young sons and grand-sons of Erin, young men of the
first respectabiUty, give their first BaU this evening at Ma
sonic HaU. On this occasion fashion and beauty, with char-
14

2IO EARLY CELEBRATIONS
acteristic glow of feeUng, will be exhibited in the best style.
We intend to accept an invitation to attend this Ball."
The N.Y. "Evening Post" of March 9, 1832, announces a
Grand Hibernian Ball
On St. Patrick's Eve, Friday, the i6th, at Concert HaU,
Broadway.
E. H. Conway has the pleasure of informing his patrons
that the Grand Hibernian Ball will take place on Friday
evening, the i6th at Concert Hall. A brilliant band is em
gaged, leader Mr. Brown. Mr. Kendall will play on the
harp several national airs during the evening. The com
mittee will be appointed on Saturday evening next, and fur
ther particulars made known in a future advertisement.
Mr. C. solicits a general attendance of his patrons at the
ball as the proceeds are to be given to the Orphan Asylum
in Prince st.
Tickets $1 to admit one gentleman and two ladies.
We ilearn from the K Y. " Evening Post," that the
" Friends of Ireland " again celebrated the day in 1832 by
a dinner, this time at the Bank Coffee House. Speaking of
this event, " The Post " has the following detailed report :

Celebration of St. Patrick's Day.
By the " Friends of Ireland," at the Bank Coffee House,
17th March, 1832.
In obedience to those feelings which the true sons of Saint
Patrick have ever cherished at the retum of their exhilarat
ing anniversary, a large and respectable company, composed
of Irishmen, and those who approve the principles for which
the patriots of Ireland have struggled, sat down to an un
usually sumptuous and elegant dinner, prepared by their
worthy host Mr. James Doran, Jr. proprietor of the old
established Bank Coffee House.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 211
James B. Sheys, Esq. was elected President.
Captain John Bant, ist Vice President.
Edward Maginness, 2d Vice President.
Lawrence Langton, "|
Daniel Kearney, I
Patrick McCafferty, f
John Rusk, j

Regular Toasts.
I. The day we celebrate — Though it dawns and closes
upon us as exiles, yet we gather the memorial shamrock by
¦ its light and rejoice.
Original song — " While round our board the wine is
bright."
2. Ireland — ^The gloom of despotism has failed to obscure
the genius; the chains of slavery have not destroyed the
energies of her sons.
Air — " Remember the glories of Brian the Brave."
3. The United States of America — The best model of a
perfect government ; securing the rights and increasing the
happiness of the people. Song — " The Wanderer's Home."
4. Poland — Her cities have bowed to the despot, but her
name cannot perish while patriotism is revered or freedom
worshiped. Air — " The MarseUlaise Hymn."
5. The President of the United States — Raised to the
proudest distinction of earth by the will of a free people — he
sustains in the cabinet the glory acquired in the field.
Original-song — " An Irishman's son our President is."
6. Daniel O'Connell — The timid may hesitate; the sus
picious may accuse; but the patriot stands undaunted — a
beacon to his countrymen; a rock to their foes.
Air—" Erin go Bragh."

2J2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
7. Civil and Religious Liberty — The birth-right of man!
endangered by demagogues; denied by bigots; opposed by
tyrants. Air — " A man's a man for a' that."
8. The Governor of the State of New York — Honored by
his station and honoring his station.
Air — " Clinton's Grand March."
9. Charles Carroll of Carrollton — The last actor in the
most sublime scene of the world's drama — Ireland's inesti
mable contribution to the greatness of America.
Air — " The Star-spangled Banner."
10. The United Irishmen and their Principles, Religious
Liberty and Self Government — The one is gained, the other
is in progress. Air — " Cushla ma cree."
II. The memory of Thomas Addis Emmet — He loved his
impoverished country better than her rich oppressors — he
won the hatred of traitors and the applause of freemen.
Air — " The harp that once through Tara's Halls."
12. The EngUsh Reform Bill — Ireland, indignant at the
disenfranchisement of her forty shilling freeholders, and dis
trusting the efficacy of reform, insists upon repeal.
Air—" Garry Owen."
13. The Fair — The only power from which all Irishmen
do not ask a " repeal of the Union."
Air — " To Ladies eyes around Boys."
Volunteer Toasts.
By James B. Sheys, Esq., President.— The Patriots of '98
— Political Elijahs ! they depart, but the mantles remain with
their children.
By Capt. John Bant, ist Vice President.— St. Patrick's day
— May its remembrance be eternal as the wishes of every
patriot.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 213
By Mr. Edw. Maginnis, 2d Vice President. — May England
do justice to Ireland, and if she don't 
By Mr. John Rusk. — Montgomery — with the character
istic enthusiasm of his native country, he grappled with the
enemies of liberty in their citadel, and expired in the heroic
attempt to restore millions to the most sacred gift of heaven.
Irishmen are proud of his glory. Americans are grateful
for his co-operation, and Freedom has recorded him as one
of the noblest of martyrs in her cause.
By Mr. John M'Kinley — Charles Carroll of Carrollton —
The last of that devoted phalanx who lifted upon the storm
the banner of American independence. In the evening of
his existence, the glory of his exertions, like the departed
sun, is not the less brilliant because they have passed from
amongst us.
By Mr. James Doran Jr. — Erin! our native Erin — May
we live to see her achieve what her patriotic countrymen are
now struggling to obtain — her freedom and independence.
By Mr. John Twomey — Literature — One of the grand
repositories of the human intellect; to which, the sons of
Ireland have made ample and splendid contribution.
By Captain Denman — ^America! — May her independence
be a perpetual refutation of monarchical theories, and her
principles so diffuse themselves as to spring up in every soil
and invigorate every people.
Dr. Rice rose and said he was fully aware that he had al
ready occupied a considerable portion of their valuable time,
nor did he rise to make a second trial of their unmerited
and evident partiality, for which he felt duly grateful. But
yet he congratulated himself on the toast he was about to
propose, which he was convinced would be received with
a cheer and a bumper. It was the health of
Dr. Wm. Jas. Macneven, and Councillor Wm. Sampson.
The exiled patriots of their native Isle — two nations feel
proud of their existence — and Irishmen on this day tender
them the tribute of grateful remembrance.
Music — " Here's a health to them that's awa."

214 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
" The Literary and Catholic Sentinel " of Boston, Mass.,
under date of March 14, 1835, announces that " The Young
Friends of Ireland wiU celebrate, [in Boston], the Anniver
sary of the Paitron Saint of Ireland, at the Franklin HaU (in
the same building with the Mechanics Exchange) on Tuesday
next, the 17th inst. Those gentlemen who have handed in
their names (none others) are informed that they can obtain
tickets at No. 18 School street; over P. Mooney's Book
store, on Saturday evening or at this office." The foregoing
was signed by the " Committee of arrangement," viz : E. C.
White, Wm. Daily, Patrick Flynn, Patrick O'Neil and Pat
rick Donahoe.
The same paper in reporting this celebration states that
among those who responded to toasts, etc., on the occasion
were the Rev. Mr. Polin, J. B. CUnton, M. A. Neif, John
Kelly, Edward C. White, Patrick Donahoe, C. J. Howland,
James D. Fitzgerald, Laurence Connell, T. Mooney, S. J.
Rogers, and Michael Hamilton.
Another Boston celebration in 1835 was that under the
auspices of the Sons of Erin, which took place beneath " the
hospitable roof of Major Coburn, of the Merrimac House."
N. W. Ryan is believed to have been president of the organi
zation at this period. Rev. P. Connolly was one of the guests
on the occasion. Toasts were offered, or addresses made,
by Michael Burrows, Thomas Read, James Smith, Lawrence
HiU, Thomas Hyde, Owen M'Cosker, Ambrose Keating,
Thos. H. Fales and Richard Savage, the latter of Salem, Mass.
On St. Patrick's Day, 1835, a celebration also took place
at Salem, Mass., one of the centres of the old witch craze.
The celebration was by the Friends of Ireland, dinner being
served at the Mansion House. Rev. Mr. Brady presided,
" and was ably assisted by the vice-president, Mr. Dalrymple,
an ancient resident of Salem." Among the " invited guests
was Mr. Palfray, the talented editor of the ' Commercial Ad
vertiser,' and a true friend of democracy and of Irishmen,
Mr. Pike, too, a spirited citizen of Salem, added the pleasure
of his presence to our festivities."

CHAPTER XXI.
Celebrations by the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa. —
Stephen Moylan, First President of the Organization — Many Dis
tinguished Men of the Revolution Members of the Society — ^Washington
is " Adopted " into Membership — Wayne, Knox, Barry, Hand, Irvine and
other Notable People on the Rolls — ^Twenty-seven Members Subscribe
£103,500 in Aid of the Patriot Army.
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, Pa., was instituted on March 17, 1771. We may
be sure that upon that occasion the memory of the Saint was
duly honored. Indeed, the date selected for organizing the
Society, together with the name chosen, indicates the fealty
of the founders to the great apostle of Ireland.
At the start, the Friendly Sons numbered 30 members,
of whom six were classed as honorary. No creed lines
were drawn, and in the Society " Catholics, Presbyterians,
Quakers and Episcopalians were united like a band of
brothers." The requisite for active membership was that
"' the applicant must either have been a native of Ireland
himself, or one of his parents must have been so, or he must
have been a descendant of a member." This requisite did
not apply to honorary members of whom ten were eligible.
Stephen Moylan was the first to fill the office of president,
and with him were elected John M. Nesbitt as vice-president,
and William Mitchell as secretary and treasurer. The other
original active members were: Thomas Barclay,* John
Boyle, Andrew Caldwell, Samuel Caldwell, George Campbell,
George Davis, Thomas FitzSimons, Tench Francis, Col.. Tur-
butt Francis, Benajmin Fuller, George FuUerton, Ulysses
Lynch, George Meade, James Mease, John Mease, Matthew
Mease, John Mitchell, Randle Mitchell, John Nixon, John
Shee and William West.
* John, James and WilHam Barclay also became members of the Society.

2i6 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
The first honorary members were John Dickinson, William
Hamilton, WiUiam Hicks, Henry Hill, Robert Morris and
James Searle.
The founders of the Society were nearly aU prominent
in business life and men of property and high social position.
Some of them had extensive shipping interests and were en
gaged in commerce with Europe, India and other parts.
Several of the founders later attained distinction as patriots
of the Revolution. Moylan, for instance, the first president
of the Society, became a renowned military officer, served
on the staff of Washington as Quartermaster-General, and
later recruited the Fourth Pennsylvania Light Dragoons
and commanded the same. As a cavalry leader, he has been
termed the Phil Sheridan of the Revolution.
George Meade, another of the founders of the Friendly
Sons, subscribed £5000 to furnish provisions to the army.
A total of £103,500 was subscribed by twenty-seven members.
Matthew Mease was an officer of the " Bonhomme Richard "
and served under Paul Jones in the desperate engagement
with the British 44-gun ship " Serapis," in which engage
ment Mease was wounded.
John Mease was a brother of Matthew and was among the
force that crossed the Delaware with Gen. Washington on
the night of Dec. 25, 1776, and surprised the Hessians. He
was also a member of the detail told off to maintain the fires
along the front of the American encampment, to outwit the
foe, while the patriots secretly moved in another direction
to fall upon the rear guard of the British at Princeton.
Later, he subscribed £4000 for the patriot cause. In his old
age he was affectionately spoken of as " the last of the cocked
hats," owing to his continuing to wear the three-cornered
hat of the Revolution.
John Mitchell, another of the founders, was a wealthy
merchant. He became Muster-Master-General of the Penn
sylvania navy in which position he is recorded as " serving
without pay." He was captain of the " Ranger," 1776.
Thomas Barclay was president of the Friendly Sons from

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 217
June 17, 1779, to June 17, 178 1. In 1780 he subscribed
£5000 in aid of the army. He is spoken of as "a man of
elegant manners." Tench Francis was for a long period
agent for the Penn family in Pennsylvania. He became
cashier of the Bank of North America, being the first to hold
that position. He was a son of an Attorney-General of the
Province of Pennsylvania, and subscribed £5,500 in 1780 for
the patriot army.
John Shee was appointed, by Congress, to command the
Third Pennsylvania regiment. He served in the campaign
of 1776, and was taken prisoner after the battle of Long
Island. In 1777 he was made a member of the State Board
of War. He subscribed £1000 in aid of the patriot forces.
He is described as " a man of excellent manners and good
acquirements." He became a General of Pennsylvania state
troops after the war and was appointed collector of the port
of Philadelphia by President Thomas Jefferson. He was also
city treasurer of Philadelphia.
John Nixon was " an ardent, active and most efficient
friend of America in the Revolutionary struggle." He it
was who, on July 12, 1776, in Philadelphia, read the Declara
tion of Independence to the people it being the first time
that immortal document was so read in pubUc. He was
commissioned Colonel, and gallantly led his regiment at the
battle on Long Island, vrintering with the army at Valley
Forge. He became president of the Bank of North Amer
ica, was a trustee of the University of Pennsylvania and held
other positions of honor and responsibUity. The foregoing
brief mention of a few of the founders will serve to illustrate
what manner of men were they who instituted the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia.
The famous " Light Horse of the City of PhUadelphia,"
subsequently known as the " First Troop of Philadelphia
Cavalry," was organized in 1774 and numbered among its
original members ten or a dozen of the Friendly Sons. Of
the 88 names on the roUs of the Troop during the period of
the Revolution, not less than 30 were those of members of

2j8 early celebrations
this patriotic Irish society. Over a dozen of the Friendly
Sons became members of the Society of the Cincinnati at
the organization of the latter and are numbered among the
original members thereof.
The Friendly Sons observed St. Patrick's Day in 1772 at
" MuUan's Tavern," Philadelphia. The company included
16 active members, three honorary, and ten " visitors "
among whom was " His Honour, the Governour." Of the
members absent, James Mease, William Mitchell and Ulysses
Lynch were reported as " beyond sea." The honorary
members present were John Dickinson, Robert Morris and
Henry HiU.
At a meeting held June 17, 1772, it was voted that "All
the Stock that may be in the Treasurer's hands on the 17th
March next to be apply'd towards that day's Expence."
Early in its career, the Society adopted a gold medal,, of
special design, as a badge of membership. These medals
were each " of the value of three guineas." Every member
was required to supply himself with one and to wear the
same at meetings of the organization. Failure to do so on
St. Patrick's Day, subjected the neglectful member to a fine
of 7s 6d. Omission to wear the medal on days of the quar
terly meetings carried with it a fine of 5s, unless for some
legitimate reason the same were remitted.
St. Patrick's Day, 1774, was observed by the Friendly Sons
by a meeting at " Smith's Tavern," at which were present
22 " ordinary " members, 7 honorary, and a number of
guests. Among the. latter were " His Honour, the Gover
nor," John Penn.
At a meeting of the Society's councU, March 6, 1775,
James Mease, Thomas Barclay and John M. Nesbitt were
ordered " to wait on Mr. Smith and agree with him for a
Dinner for thirty persons at 3s 9d per head and make choice
of the wines and other liquors for the occasion." It was
also decided " that the anniversary meeting on the 17th
inst. be at the City Tavern, & dinner on Table at 3 o'clock,"
and " that the Governor, and all strange gentlemen that may

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 219
be in Town at that time, have an invitation card sent them
by the Secretary." The event thus arranged was held at
the time and place fixed and proved a very enjoyable occa
sion. Among the members present were Anthony Wayne,
Thomas FitzSimons, John Nixon, Thomas Barclay, John M.
Nesbitt, James Mease, John Cadwalader, Lambert Cad
walader, John Dickinson, Samliel Meredith, Henry Hill and
Richard Bache. Stephetn Moylan was absent as were- also
Tench Francis, Col. Turbutt Francis, John Shee and a num
ber of others.
The councU of the Society held a meeting at J. M. Nes-
bitt's March 11, 1776, and made arrangements for the ob
servance of St. Patrick's Day, the same to take place March
1 8th. At this council meeting it was " Ordered, That Mr.
Nesbitt and Mr. Mease speak for dinner at Mr. Smith's
Tavern, for thirty gentlemen, to be on table at four o'clock,
on Monday, the i8th inst., and that they shaU choose the
wines and other liquors for the occasion." The observance
took place as mapped out. Gathered around the hospitable
board were Anthony Wayne, Samuel Meredith, Andrew
Caldwell, William West and a large number of other con
genial gentlemen. Stephen Moylan wsls absent and was
fined 7s 6d. A significant proceeding at this meeting was
the expulsion of Thomas Batt from the Society " for taking
an active part against the Liberty of America."
The Friendly Sons held a quarterly meeting June 17, 1776.
Then occurs a lapse in the records which is explained in the
following minute :
" The State of Pennsylvania having been invaded & the
City of Philadelphia taken by the British Army under the
command of General Sir William Howe in September, 1777,
the Society had no meeting until September, 1778. The
minutes of the meetings in September and December, 1776,
& in March & June, 1777, are unfortunately lost."
" Though the minutes are silent," says John H. Campbell
in his splendid history of the Society, " the members were
not. The history of Philadelphia in the Revolution and of

220 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
the Revolution itself is incomplete without a record of the
patriotic services of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
Whether in the field or upon the sea, or in giving freely of
their goods, money and time to the Revolutionary cause,
we find their names ever prominent."
The first recorded meeting of the Friendly Sons, after the
British evacuation of Philadelphia, took place at the City
Tavern, Sept. 17, 1778. Only nine members attended,
several of the others being absent in the army, the navy, or
in other branches of the public service. Those who were
present at the meeting were President Benjamin FuUer,
Sharp Delany, James Mease, John Boyle, John Mease, Blair
M'Clenachan, John Mitchell, Samuel CaldweU and Henry
Hill. Among the new members admitted was Gen. William
Thompson. It is probable that St. Patrick's day was observed by the
Society in 1779, but the records cannot be found. At a
meeting on June 17, 1779, Col. Walter Stewart, Col. John
Patton, Capt. John Barry, John Dunlap and James Crawford
were admitted to membership in the Society.
The meeting on St. Patrick's Day, 1780, was attended by,
among others. Col. John Nixon, Col. John Shee and Col.
Walter Stewart. At a meeting on June 17, 1780, two new
members were admitted, — William Erskine and Col. Ephraim
Blaine. On St. Patrick's Day, 1 781, an unusually interesting meet
ing was held, the attendance being large and the enthusiasm
over the approaching close of the war being very marked.
Among the "visitors" who enjoyed the hospitality of the
organization on this occasion were: President Reed of
Pennsylvania, Chevalier Paul Jones, Speaker Muhlenberg,
Governor Hawley, Col. Richard Butler, Col. Ternent, Dr.
Burke, Capt. Nicholson, Don F. Rendon and others. At
this meeting, Gen. William Irvine and Col. Richard Butler
were elected to membership. Other members admitted
during the year included Col. Charles Stewart, Dr. John
Cochran, who was Director of the Hospitals of the Conti-

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 221
nental Army; Capt. Isaac All and WiUiam Constable. In
1782 were elected to membership, — Gen. Henry Knox, Gen.
Edward Hand, Capt. Thomas Reed, and other distinguished
men. On Dec. 18, 1781, the Friendly Sons " unanimously
adopted " Washington " as a member of the Society." This
meeting was held at " George Evans' " and was well at
tended. The guests included Gen. Howe, Maj. M'Pherson
and John Lardner. An address was ordered presented
Washington notifying him of his " adoption," and James
Mease surrendered his own medal to be given " His Excel
lency." Subsequently, the President and the Secretary of
the Society waited upon Washington and presented him the
following :
May it please your Excellency,
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick in this
City, ambitious to testify, with all possible respect, the high
sense they entertain of your Excellency's public & private
Virtues, have taken the liberty to adopt your Excellency a
member. Although they have not the cloathing of an Civil estab
lishment, nor the splendor of Temporal power to dignify
their election. Yet they flatter themselves, as it is the genuine
offspring of hearts fiU'd with the warmest attachments, that
this mark of their esteem and regard will not be wholly un
acceptable to your Excellency.
Impress'd with these pleasing hopes, they have directed
me to present your Excellency with a gold medal, the ensign
of this fraternal Society, which that you may be pleased to
accept, and long live to wear, is the earnest wish of
Your Excellency's
Most Humble and Respectful Servant,
By order & in behalf of the Society,
Geo. Campbell, President.
To His Excellency, General Washington,
Commander-in-chief of the Allied Army.
To the foregoing, Washington gave this answer:
Sir: — I accept with singular pleasure, the Ensign of so
worthy a Fraternity as that of the Sons of St. Patrick in

222 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
this city — a society distinguished for the firm Adherence of
its Members to the glorious cause in which we are embarked.
Give me leave to assure you, Sir, that I shall never cast
my eyes upon the badge with Which I am honoured, but with
a grateful remembrance of the polite and affectionate man
ner in which it was presented.
I am with Respect and Esteem,
Sir, your mo. ob. servant,
George Washington.
To George Campbell, Esq., President of the Society of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in the city of Philadelphia.
Washington was a guest of the Society " at the City
Tavern," Jan. i, 1782, the dinner being given especially in
his honor. Gen. Steuben, Gen. Howe, Gen. Moultrie, Gen.
Knox, Gen. Hand, Gen. Mcintosh, Mr. Luzerne, Maj. Wash
ington, Count Dillon, Count De La, Touche and several
others attended.
At the St. Patrick's Day celebration by the Friendly Sons,
in 1782, Washington was again present, this time as a mem
ber. The event took place at " George Evans'," on Monday,
March 18. George Campbell presided and the occasion was
a brilliant one, the guests including Gen. Lincoln, Gen. Dick
inson, Gen. Moultrie, Baron Steuben, Col. Tilghman, Col.
Humphreys, Maj. Moore, Maj. Walker, Maj. McPherson,
Capt. Colfax, Capt. Truxton and other officers. Anthony
Wayne, Richard Butler and other members were unable to
attend, being " at camp," while Capt. John Barry was re
ported as " beyond sea."
Another splendid celebration of St. Patrick's Day was
that under the auspices of the Friendly Sons, March 17,
1 783. The guests included the President of Congress, Hon.
Elias Boudinot ; Chief Justice Thomas McKean, Gen. Baron
Steuben, Gen. McDougaU, Gen. Lincoln, and Col. Mercer.
Of the members there were present, among others : John
M. Nesbitt, Gen. John Shee, Gen. John Cadwalader, Col. John
Nixon, Col. Ephraim Blaine, Col. Thomas Robinson, Col.
Charles Stewart, Col. John Patton, Col. Lambert Cadwala
der, Capt. Thomas Read, George Meade, Blair McClenachan,

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 223
Thomas FitzSimons, Sharp Delany, Samuel Meredith, Henry
Hill, Tench Francis, Archibald Gamble and Richard Bache.
Gen. Moylan, Gen. Wayne, Gen. Hand and Gen. Shee
were among the members present at the banquet on St.
Patrick's Day, 1784, while at the celebration on March 17,
1785, Gen. Armstrong, Chief Justice McKean, Judge Hop
kinson, Capt. Clark and Capt. Cain were noted among the
guests. A meeting of the Society's Council was held March 10,
1786, at which it was " Ordered that the Secret'y be directed
to Issue the notices to all the members to meet on Friday,
the 17th Inst, at Edward Moyston's at J^ past 4 o'clock, 20
dinners to be bespoke, Gen'l Moylan to speak for the Dinners
and examine the liquors." The event took place in due
form. The company included Moylan, Wayne, Barry,
Nixon, FitzSimons and other members, while Gen. Mifflin,
Gen. Armstrong, Col. Howard, Judge McKean and Judge
Hopkinson were, present as guests.
Twenty-one of the Friendly Sons, and several guests, ob
served the anniversary of St. Patrick in 1788. From this
date until Sept. 17, 1792, the records of the Society are
meagre, though St. Patrick's Day was doubtless faithfully
observed each year. St. Patrick's memory was duly honored
by the Friendly Sons, March 18, 1793. The guests included
Hon. Thomas Jefferson, secretary of state; Hon. Alexander
Hamilton, secretary of the treasury; Gen. Henry Knox,
secretary of war ; Associate Justice James Wilson of the U. S.
Supreme Court ; Gov. Thomas Mifflin and a number of other
distinguished men.
On March 17, 1794, the organization dined at " Mostan's
Tavern " and the year following, at the same place. In
1796, the anniversary was observed " at the house of Samuel
Richardt." This is the last entry in the records. The
organization had been decUning for some time, and though
it is believed to have been in existence as late as 1803, but
little is known of that part of its career.
John H. Campbell in his History of the Society states that

224 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
at that date (2 September, 1803), it " was probably but a
shadow of its former self, kept alive, no doubt, by General
Moylan and a few of his old companions for association sake.
We can fancy them seated at dinner on St. Patrick's Day,
talking over the golden days of the Society — how General
Washington was made an Irishman by adoption, and how
he signed the constitution — how Mad Anthony Wayne cap
tured Stony Point — how Thomas Jefferson, Alexander Ham
ilton, Paul Jones and other distinguished men honored the
Patron Saint of Ireland — how John Nixon, Thomas Fitz-
simons and others were fined for not wearing their Society
medals at dinner — how glorious and patriotic a part the
members took in achieving American Independence."

CHAPTER XXII.
Other Celebrations of the Day in >Philadelphia — Observances by the
Hibernian Society of that City — Hon. Thomas McKean, LL.D., Presi
dent of the Organization; Gen. Walter Stewart, Vice-President, and
Mathew Carey, Secretary — Commodore John Barry, Gen. Edward Hand,
Col. Charles Stewart, Col. Francis Nichols and other Prominent Men
among the Members.
On March 3, 1790, the Hibernian Society for the Relief of
Emigrants from Ireland was instituted at Philadelphia. The
Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city, was
still in existence, and several members of the latter also
joined the new organization.
Campbell says : " The old Society was in its decline, and
the members doubtless felt that a new organization was
needed with a broader scope than the other." A notice
appeared in the " Pennsylvania Packet," March 4, 1790,
stating that " At a select meeting of Irishmen, summoned
to take into consideration the formation of a Society for
the protection and relief of Irish Emigrants, there were
present — ^John Maxwell Nesbitt, chairman ; James Crawford,
Patrick Moore, William Finlay, Thomas Lea, John Brown,
Hugh Holmes, Thomas Proctor, Matthew Irwin, William
Nichols, John Taylor, Matthew Carey." *
According to the subscription paper, the Society's mem
bership was to be confined to " natives of Ireland, or descend
ants of Irishmen," but later this restriction was removed.
The Hibernian Society, by which name it was popularly
known, completed its organization April 5, 1790, and elected
Hon. Thomas McKean, LL.D., president; Gen. Walter
Stewart, vice-president; Mathew Carey, secretary; John
Taylor, treasurer, and a number of other officers, including
Charles Heatly and Jasper Moylan, counsellors, and Blair
* Carey himself spelled his first name — Mathew, that is, with one " t.''
15

226

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

McClenachan, a member of the " Committee of Corre
spondence." The Society was incorporated Aug. 4, 1792, among the
incorporators being " the Honorable Thomas McKean,
LL.D., Chief Justice of the Commonwealth aforesaid,
Brigadier-General Walter Stewart," and a large number of
others. These included Edward Carrell, Patrick Ferrall,
Paul Cox, James McCrea, James Barclay, Mathew Carey,
Joseph Brown, Henry Toland, John Leamy, Archibald
Bingham, John McLaughlin, James Alder, George Baker,
Alexander Henry, Patrick Moore, John McClelland, Andrew
Porter, Samuel Bayard, Sharp Delany, M. M. O'Brien,
Oliver Pollock, Jasper Moylan, George Meade, Samuel
Kingsley, James McClure, Robert Rainey, Hugh Holmes
and David McCormick.
March 7, 1793, the secretary, Edward Fox, issued the
following notice : " The Hibernian Society for the relief of
emigrants from Ireland will dine together at Mr. Patrick
Byrne's in Front street on Monday, the i8th instant. Such
members of the Society as mean to attend will please leave
their names with the Secretary, or with Mr. Byrne, on or
before Thursday next that dinner may be provided accord
ingly. Dinner to be on the table precisely at half past 3
o'clock. The members are desired to take notice that the
Society will meet at Mr. Byrne's at one o'Clock on the same
day to transact business, and that such members who have
commuted, or intend to commute, their early dues will re
ceive certificates therefor by applying to the treasurer."
The event was carried out in due form as arranged. " The
Federal Gazette," March 22, 1793, says of it:

On Monday last the Hibernian Society for the reUef of
emigrants from Ireland held a meeting at Mr. Byrne's in
Front street, and. proceeded to the choice of their officers
for the ensuing year. * * * After finishing their busi-

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 827
ness, the Society sat down to an elegant entertainment pro
vided by Mr. Byrne. The following toasts were drank :
I. The immortal memory of St. Patrick.
2. The President and Congress of the United States.
3. The Governor and State of Pennsylvania.
4. The St. Andrew's Society.
5. The St. George's Society.
6. The German Society.
7. The French Benevolent Society.
8. Every prejudice which tends to promote charity and
benevolence. 9. Emigration from the Old World. May the love of
Uberty always surmount the attachment which men feel for
the place of their nativity.
10. The Republic of France.
II. The volunteers of Ireland, and all who arm in the
cause of the rights of man.
12. Henry Grattan, of the Kingdom of Ireland.
13. Political and Religious Freedom to all the nations of
the earth.
14. The memory of the Patriots who have fallen in the
cause of Freedom.
15. May the blessings of the present American govern
ment be transmitted to our latest posterity.
16. May the Universe be formed into an Republican So
ciety, and every honest man enjoy the blessings thereof.

St. Patrick's Day, 1796, was observed by the Society in
accordance with the following notice issued March 14 :
" HIBERNIAN SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF EMIGRANTS
FROM IRELAND.
" The members of this corporation are hereby notified that
a stated meeting of their Society will be held on Thursday
next, 17th instant, at two o'clock in the afternoon, at the
Harp and Crown Tavern in Third Street, and that the said

228 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Society will hold their anniversary feast at the same place
on that day ; such members as mean to attend the feast wUl
be pleased to leave their names at the Bar of the Tavern on
or before Tuesday evening, that dinner may be provided
accordingly. " E. Fox, Secretary.
" Dinner to be on the table at 3 o'clock precisely."
On St. Patrick's Day, 1797, the Hibernian Society met at
" Mr. McShane's tavern " and " sat down to an elegant
dinner, in company with some of the officers of the other
charitable societies, and other gentlemen invited on the occa
sion. The evening was spent in that social conviviality where
' wit, song, and sentiment ' add a zest to the pleasures of the
festive board, and reluctantly admit the painful idea of a mid
night separation."
In 1799, the Society again observed the anniversary at
McShane's tavern. The " Philadelphia Gazette " says of
the event that after an election of officers, the members " in
company with the officers of the other charitable societies
of this city, * * * g^t down to an elegant dinner, and
spent the day in the utmost degree of perfect harmony."
The following were the toasts on this occasion :
I. The glorious and immortal memory of St. Patrick.
2. The President of the United States.
3. Lieutenant-General Washington.
4. The Governor and State of Pennsylvania.
5. Commodore Barry and the navy of the United States.
6. The army of the United States.
7. The memory of the heroes who fell in establishing the
Independence of America.
8. Captain Truxtun, his officers and gallant crew.
9. The German Society.
10. The St. George's Society.
II. The St. Andrew's Society.
12. The Welsh Society.
13. May information, submission to the laws, and good
order, ever be characteristic of the citizens of Pennsylvania.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 229
14. Peace with dignity, or war with energy.
15. Old Ireland, peace and prosperity to her.
16. The American Fair.
On St. Patrick's Day, 1802, the Society again dined at
" McShane's." On March 16, 1803, a meeting was held at
" Mr. Kitchen's Coffee House," while in 1804, St. Patrick's
memory was honored at " Mr. Hardy's Inn." The anni
versary dinner in 1806 was at " Vogde's Hotel."
On March 17, 1807, the Society dined at the " Mansion
House Hotel " and there " partook of an excellent dinner
prepared by Mr. Renshaw, and served up in excellent style.
Benevolent and patriotic toasts, interspersed with wit, senti
ment and song, kept them together until they hailed the
morning of Shelah's day."
In 1808, the Society honored St. Patrick by another meet
ing at the Mansion House and " Dinner removed, the ex
hilarating juice was kept in free circulation, whilst with
toast, song and conversation, emanating from hearts filled
with benevolence, patriotism, and respect for the Fair, due
honor was done to the memory of St. Patrick."
The following notice was issued for the celebration held
March 17, 1809: " The members will please take notice that
the anniversary dinner will be at the Mansion House and
served up precisely at half-past 3 o'clock; and that it would
greatly assist the arrangements now making for that occa
sion, if those members who intend to celebrate the feast of
St. Patrick would take the trouble of leaving their names
with the Secretary (No. 217 High street) on or before
Wednesday the 15th inst. The anniversary of this year will
be particularly interesting, as the members will have the
pleasure of hearing that the funds of their benevolent insti
tution will be greatly enlarged by a very liberal donation
from the trustees of the estate of the late Mr. John Keble."
This notice was signed by Robert Taylor, the secretary.
The anniversary was observed, the list of toasts being as
follows :
I. The immortal memory of St. Patrick. In the celebra-

230 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
tion of this day, may we resolve, that " where liberty dwells
there shaU be our country."
2. The land we live in. May the Union of these States
be dear to every one of their adopted sons.
3. The land we left. May the hospitality of America be
known as a refuge for the oppressed, a relief to the indigent,
and a reward to the industrious.
4. The memory of George Washington. May the sons
of Hibernia truly appreciate the worth of those heroes and
patriots who have secured the American asylum for the op
pressed of every nation.
5. The President of the United States. May all political
controversies be reduced to one head, " how best to promote
the interests of our common country."
6. The Governor and the Commonwealth of Pennsyl
vania. May her canals be sunk, her furnaces be blasted, and
her manufactures consumed.
7. The Press. May its freedom be encouraged, its licen
tiousness punished.
8. The union of the confederated states of America. May
it be perpetuated.
9. The MiUtia, the Army and Navy of the United States.
May the memory of those who have fallen in defense of civil
liberty be gratefully cherished, and the services of those who
survive ensure the esteem of their country.
10. The Agriculture, Manufactures and Commerce of the
United States. As their true interests are inseparable, may
they mutually support each Other.
II. The Education of Youth. May our legislature be
persuaded that the public purse can never be so well applied
as in the Education of Youth, it being the best security for
good morals, good laws and the preservation of our rights
and liberties.
12. The People and the Laws. May the people respect
the laws, and the laws protect the people.
13. Republican Governments. May we never lose sight
of our rights or the practice of our duties.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 2$X
14. The memory of Mr. John Keble.
15. The St. Andrew's, the St. George's, the German, the
Welch, and all other benevolent societies.
16. The great family of mankind. May the whole human
race be united by charity as a common tie, and enjoy liberty
as a common inheritance.
17. The Fair Sex.
March 17, 1810, the Society met at the " Mansion House
Hotel," and on March 17, 1812, at the City Hotel, South
Second street.
Campbell in his History of the Society recaUs that the
latter has numbered among its members such eriiinent
people as Commodore John Barry, Gen. Edward Hand, Col.
Francis Nichols, Col. Charles Stewart, Col. Thomas Proctor,
Col. Christopher Stuart, Lieut. Col. George Latimer, George
Bryan, who had been vice-president of Pennsylvania;
Thomas FitzSimons, a signer of the Federal Constitution;
Samuel Caldwell, clerk of the U. S. District Court; John
Donnaldson, Auditor-General of Pennsylvania ; John Nichol
son, ComptroUer-General, and many others. In 1819, Gen.
Andrew Jackson became a member of the Society.
St. Patrick's Day, 1813, was celebrated by the Hibernian
Society with great enthusiasm. The war with England was
then in progress, and among the toasts was this : " A Speedy
Peace, upon such terms as the United States ought to grant
and the Enemy ought to accept." Among the other toasts
were ones to " The Memory of George Washington," " The
MiUtia, Army and Navy of the United States," " The Presi
dent and constituted authorities of the Union " and others
of a patriotic nature.
During this war, many members of the Society actively
participated in the military operations. Several became
commissioned officers. Of the four aides to Gov. Snyder at
one period, during the war, three were members of the Hi
bernian Society. The " Volunteer Greens " was the name
of a military company organized in Philadelphia during that
Struggle.

g,2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
On March 17, 1814, the Society held its anniversary din
ner, among the guests being " the Right Reverend Bishop
White, the Reverend Doctor BlackweU, the Reverend Doc
tor Abercrombie " and representatives of various charitable
organizations. St. Patrick's Day, 1815, was Ukewise appropriately ob
served. Major-General Scott was one of the guests, the
others including Bishop White and the Rev. Doctors Black
weU and Abercrombie. The toasts were of particular in
terest. A few of them are here given :
The Militia of the Union. Prompt to repel invasion, and
ready to support the Laws and put down insurrection.
The Army of the United States. They have, agreeably
to our former wish, " fought themselves into pubUc favor,"
and have continued to deserve it.
The Navy of the United States. PubUc confidence fiUs
every saU; public expectation fulfilled by every officer and
by every sailor.
The volunteers who assembled for the Defense of this
District. May their patriotic exertions be a theme for future
emulation. The brave Scott, Brown, Jackson, McComb and the long
list of citizen soldiers who have shown that America only
wants an occasion to exhibit her heroes.
Commodores Porter and Decatur. Triumphant in de
feat; may they receive, as they richly deserve, the universal
applause of their country.
The heroes of the Lakes, Perry and Macdonough, names
rendered immortal in the page of American History.
Peace. Thrice welcome to our shores. May she long
continue to bless us with her presence and banish all conten
tions which might disturb her repose.
At the celebration of St. Patrick's Day in 18 16, among the
toasts were : " Our Sister Societies. The St. Patrick's and
Hibernian of New York ; the Erin and St. Patrick's Benevo
lent Societies of Philadelphia." Another toast was "The
Ocean. Free for every Flag, not the property of any." A

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 233
third was : " Our fellow-citizens, prisoners in Carthagena.
A speedy relief to them — ^peaceably, if we can; forcibly, if
we must."
Successive St. Patrick's days were similarly observed by
this sturdy organization, a celebration being held each year.
On March 17, 1838, the " Society sat down to dinner in the
United States Hotel at ^ past 4 o'clock to the number of
sixty and were honored with the company of the Presidents
of the Welsh Society, the French Society, the Mayor of
the City, and other distinguished guests." It is stated that
" Deputations were received from the ' Montgomery Hibernia
Greens,' dining at the ' Star Hotel,' Harmony Court, and
from associations of Gentlemen celebrating the day at
' Hogan's ' and at ' Pagan's,' which were reciprocated by
the Society ; and ' after spending the evening with the highest
degree of social enjoyment, the company retired at a late
hour.' "
St. Patrick's Day, 1842, was observed, by the Hibernian
Society, at the Union Hotel. Among the guests was Chas.
I. Du Pont, of the " Committee appointed by the State of
Delaware to superintend the removal of the remains of
' Haslet ' in July last." Among the toasts were :
The Emerald Isle. Renowned in song, in fable, in poetic
interest, in chivalry and in genius.
The United States of America. May they ever continue
free and united, unharmed by domestic anarchy or foreign
foe. The memory of Montgomery, Haslet, and the other noble
martyrs, who nourished with their blood the infant tree of
Liberty, under whose widespread branches we now repose.
The memory of our late distinguished and lamented vice-
president, Gen'l CaUender Irvine. " An honest man — the
noblest work of God."
The State of Delaware and the memory of her " Haslet."
She has still Irish hearts and hands able and ready to protect
and defend her, should necessity require it.
The military escort of the PhUad'a and Washington Greys

234 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
and their gentlemanly commander, who accompanied the
Com'ee of the Hibernian Soc'ty to Dover with the remains
of " Haslet " ; the Society appreciates their worth and
services. At the anniversary dinner in 1844, " 53 members and their
friends " participated. One of the most striking toasts was :
" The memory of our predecessors of the Revolutionary
time, — ' The Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,' a Society (in
the language of Washington) 'whose members were distin
guished for their firm adherence to the glorious cause of
American Liberty.' " Atthe dinner on March 17, 1845, o^i^
of the toasts was one to " Alexander Henry, the last survivor
of the gentlemen who founded (organized) the Hibernian So
ciety. May he live long to approve its usefulness, and iUus
trate bythe example of his benevolence its origin and design."
On Dec. 17, 1845, the Society had a permanent fund of
$16,850. In 1869, this had increased to $36,406,188. In
1877, it was $39,159.71. In 1886, the funds stood at
$61,581.79. On Dec. 17, 1892, the Society had 538 mem
bers and a fund of more than $65,000. Early in 1901, the
Society numbered over 600 members and had over $72,000
in the treasury. In December, 1897, the Hibernian Society
changed its name to the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, a title
that had been borne by its predecessor.
, At a banquet under the auspices of " St. Patrick's Benevo
lent Society," Philadelphia, March 17, 181 1,* the following
toasts, among others, were drank :
The Day. On its next return, may the resurrection of
Erin and its delivery from seven hundred years of British
Bondage, be celebrated with the heartfelt enthusiasm that
liberty creates.
The American Eagle. " Fostered under thy wing, we will
die in thy defense."
Erin — Gifted by nature with all that could make man
happy, but by foreign oppression rendered most miserable —
may the last yell of her cruel tyrants soon be heard.
* From the " Shamrock," March 23, 1811.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 235
The Sovereign People — May they teach their agents that
the blood and treasure of freemen were not expended, nor
the constitution of the union framed, for the purpose of creat
ing an undue treasury influence.
The memory of Genl. Montgomery, and the other Irish
men, who shed their blood in support of American Inde
pendence. May their glorious examples ever animate the
sons of Erin, who seek to enjoy in the land of their adoption,
the blessings denied them in the land of their forefathers.
The memory of Robert Emmet and other patriots of Ire
land, who suffered death by the torture, in attempting to
establish the freedom of their country — their epitaphs shall
yet be written on the tombs of their murderers.
The Sons of St. Tammany and St. Patrick — May they ever
be an united family, and bear in mind that division would
give a triumph to the foes of both — the enemies of freedom.

CHAPTER XXIH.
The Day in Baltimore, Md.— A Celebration there as early as 1795—
Mention of a Military Parade that Year by the First BattaUon of the
Twenty-seventh Regiment and the Independent Light Dragoons — Stewr
art's Irish Brigade, Keating's Irish Grenadiers and Weaver's Artillery
Participate in a Celebration in 1798— Interesting Anniversary Exercises in
other Years— The Hibernian Society of Baltimore.
We are indebted for this chapter on Baltimore celebra
tions to a paper on the subject by Mr. Charles W. Bumpo.
The paper was recently read before the Irish Historical So
ciety of Maryland and was subsequently pubUshed in con
densed form in "The Gael" of New York City. The
following is the substance of the production as it appeared
in "The Gael":
Irishmen were among the first settlers of Baltimore.
Fifty years before the American Revolution, Irish names are
found on every page of the annals of the future Southern
metropolis. But it was not until after Independence had
been achieved that the current of immigration from the
Green Isle set so strongly toward Baltimore as to lead to
special Hibernian observances and reunions in that city.
* * * In 1 79 1 the Irish Catholics were there in numbers
large enough to cause the founding of St. Patrick's church,
the second Catholic congregation in Baltimore.
Nurtured by Archbishop John Carroll, himself a Mary-
lander of Irish blood, this parish steadily grew and for more
than a century has been the chief centre of the religious
observance of the day of Ireland's saint. Archbishop Car
roU, untU his death, took part annually, and the preachers
and officiating clergymen included many who were, or later
became, distinguished prelates of the American CathoUc
hierarchy.

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 237
Of the social and festive side of these recurrences a cen
tury ago less has been preserved, but many paragraphs are
scattered through the files of old Baltimore newspapers.
Every reader who has delved into a newspaper set of more
than half a century ago must be painfully aware that more
local news is omitted than is given. Nevertheless, we have
gotten together a narrative which could easily be expanded
beyond the limits of available space.
There are several curious points common to these old
Irish banquets. Probably the most surprising thing when
comparing them to a modern banquet, is the large number
of sentiments for which the guests were expected to raise
their glasses; sometimes twenty, and often thirty. More
over, impromptu toasts were generally added.
Wheresoever men were fighting for independence — the
Greeks in the Orient, the Spanish colonists in South America,
the down-trodden masses of Europe — their deeds were not
too far away to be applauded in Baltimore on St. Patrick's
Day, at a time when the memory of Emmet and the chain
of Irish revolutionists were also honored. So, too, we find
them declaring year after year against that political faction
in America which favored closer bonds with Great Britain
and which developed almost treasonable schemes when the
war of 1812 came on.
Rather amusing to us is the time of day at which these
gatherings were held. UsuaUy, they were at 3 o'clock in
the afternoon. Only twice has mention been found of night
affairs. The first was in 181 1 when St. Patrick's Day feU
on a Sunday and Saturday night was chosen for the celebra
tion. The chronicler is careful to inform us that the crowd
broke up at 11 o'clock, precisely, that night. The night
affair was repeated two years later, but not again for many
years. With reference to the men participating in these reunions :
They were the leading merchants of Baltimore in their day.
The same sheets which mentioned their attendance at the
Hibernian banquet contained their latest importations from

238

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

Europe, Asia or the West Indies. They were the leaders of
Baltimore's trade, the founders of the city's commercial
greatness. It is impossible to pick out the first St. Patrick's Day
observance in Baltimore. The earliest of which mention
has thus far been found was in 1795. In the " Federal Intel
ligencer " for March 14th of that year appears the following :
ST. Patrick's ball.
The gentlemen who are desirous of subscribing to a ball
to be held at the New Assembly Room on Tuesday, the 17th
instant, are requested to apply to Mr. Grant's barkeeper.
Mr. Daniel Grant was the proprietor of Baltimore's lead^
ing hostelry, the famous Fountain Inn, the predecessor' of
the present Carrollton Hotel and the place where General
Washington and many noted men put up in those days. In
1790 Mr. Grant had buUt on the opposite corner the New
Assembly place for large entertainments and balls. This
Hibernian jollification of 1795 was one of the last of such
affairs there, for the following winter the building was sold
to the Methodists for a college.
There was to have been a parade on this same St. Patrick's
Day, 1795, but it was abandoned because of the unexpected
severity of the weather. Notices in the dailies announced
that the first battalion of the 27th regiment, Maj. WiUiam
Lowry, and the Independent Light Dragoons, Capt. John
Bowen, would parade. The writer knows but little of these
militia bodies except that the light dragoons were most prob-r
ably Irishmen, as they wore green uniforms. Of Captain
Bowen we have ascertained nothing, but Major Lowry subse
quently became Colonel of the 27th. He was a weU-known
merchant. There were balls again on St. Patrick's Day, 1797, but no
mention of militia turnouts. The Assembly Room having
been sold, the dances were held in the Fountain Inn, the
management of which had changed from Daniel Grant to

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 239
James Bryden. There is no subsequent newspaper account
of these affairs, our information being gleaned entirely from
prior advertised notices.
Concerning the celebration in 1798, we find the following
in the Baltimore " Telegraph " :
Saturday being St. Patrick's Day, a number of respectable
citizens composed principally of the sons of Hibernia, dined
together at different places of entertainment for the purpose
of celebrating the same; where good humor and harmony
prevailed and many patriotic toasfs were drank. At eleven
o'clock Captain Stewart's Irish brigade and Keating's Irish
grenadiers, accompanied by a detachment of Captain Wea
ver's artillery, with two pieces of cannon, marched to Federal
Hill and fired three volleys in honor of the day. After
wards they partook of an elegant entertainment at Captain
Stewart's, where mirth and universal good humor prevaUed
at the festive board.
During the next five years, no mention has been found, in
the Baltimore papers, of St. Patrick's Day observances in
that city. In 1803, however, the following account appears
in the " American Patriot," March 19 :
The 17th inst. has been celebrated according to ancient
custom, with great festivity and merriment, by the sons of
St. Patrick in this city. Though the Irish harp has been for
some time unstrung, yet there was no lack of pipers, fiddlers
and flutes on Patrick's Day in the morning. A band of
patriotic and excellent musicians paraded the principal
streets, and complimented several gentlemen with airs most
grateful to those who are always alive to Eire go Brath.
In the evening there was a subscription ball given at the
Columbian Inn (West Baltimore Street), by some of the
most respectable Irish characters in the city, when the ladies
of Hibernia had an opportunity of displaying their agility
and native charms.
On this day we were happy in not witnessing any marks of
national prejudice or disrespect, so common but so disgrace
ful and illiberal in the other cities.
In the next issue we gain a glimpse of the existence of

240 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
that insulting custom of suspending a " stuffed Paddy." It
was a custom which in several subsequent years caused seri
ous trouble and which was practiced by rag-tags and bob
tails even within the recollection of middle-aged Balti
moreans. In 1 8 19 a " stuffed Paddy " on the mast-head of
a ship in the harbor ended in bruised heads. Says the editor
of the " American Patriot " in 1803 :
We flattered ourselves in our last that on St. Patrick's
Day no person had presumed to exhibit a Paddy effigy in
public in derision of the Irish. We are sorry, however, since
to learn that a Paddy had been dressed and sported on the
top of Peters' brewery in this city. As this, perhaps, was
an exception to the conduct of the entire city of Baltimore,
we are induced to inquire what could have been the motive
for the display of so much UliberaUty and prejudice; from a
quarter, too, that lives by the patronage and custom of the
pubUc, of whom the Irish people constitute no small portion.
And if the answer to this enquiry should not prove satis
factory, we are convinced the Irish have spirit and sense of
national honor more than sufficient to convince any indi
vidual in this city that their feelings and honest pride are not
to be wantonly sported with.
In this same year — 1803 — the Hibernian Society, which
still exists, was formed, and from that year on banquets were
held on St. Patrick's Day with almost unvarying regularity.
I shall introduce you to one or two of which occurred prior
to 181 5 — at which I have set my limit — ^but first let me give
you a bit of the earliest history of the Hibernian Society, as
it is by no means well known.
The society was organized in 1816, and its records, its
portraits of presiding officers and aU its reminders of the
past, except one old banner, date from that later period.
Prior to 181 6, the society was known as the Hibernian
Benevolent Society of Baltimore. The caU for its forma
tion I quote from the " Federal Gazette " of Monday,
August 15, 1803:
Emigrants are arriving from Ireland; many of them are
in a friendless and forlorn condition, deprived of health and

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 241
an asylum. They have a claim upon those that have pre
ceded them, to whom industry has proved propitious. There
are many, very many of our inhabitants who feel all the
influence of compassion, and who impatiently wait to be in
formed how they may make themselves useful to unprotected
adventurers. A meeting of those who are so disposed,
whether foreigners or native, is requested to-morrow even
ing at four o'clock at Mr. Bryden's tavern, Laight Street,
in order to devise a plan by which their benevolent design
may be carried into execution.
Four meetings were necessary for the society to be
launched with a complete scheme of organization and enough
subscribers to insure any progress. These occurred on the
evenings of August 16, September 13, October 4 and
October 8.
John Campbell White, the grandfather of a distinguished
Maryland lawyer, William Pinkney White, former Mayor,
Governor and United States Senator, must be regarded as
the founder of the Hibernian Society. His name is the only
one appearing in these preliminary notices and he was chosen
the first president and re-elected annually until his death,
ten years later. Mr. White started a distillery when he first
arrived in Baltimore from Ireland and made much wealth
out of it.
The first complete list of officers found is in connection
with the report of the 1805 banquet, which Uke aU subse
quent banquets until 181 1, was held at Fulton's tavern.
Thomas McElderry appears as the vice-president, George
Salmon as treasurer, Doctor John Crawford as secretary,
and the foUowing as an executive committee : David Stewart,
Stuart Brown, Luke Tiernan, James Ramsey, Robert Moore,
Thomas Dickson and John CampbeU. Many of these names
are familiar to Baltimoreans. McElderry had a soap and
candle factory and lived in Northwest Baltimore, where a
street preserves his memory. Salmon, Stewart, Tiernan and
Brown were merchants and importers. Salmon was also a
magistrate. Stewart was the ancestor of a family of promi
nent merchants and lawyers.
16

242 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Brown belonged to the famous family of bankers in Lon
don, Liverpool, New York, Philadelphia and Baltimore.
Tiernan was a really eminent merchant of Baltimore and was
president of the Hibernian Society when there were many
demands upon its benevolence. Crawford and Moore were
physicians and the latter also a coroner. Ramsey was a
ship chandler, Dickson a hardware dealer and Campbell a
grocer. WUUam Patterson had already made a fortune as an
importer and merchant. By Baltimore's citizens he was
honored, because he gave them a large park in the eastern
section of the city, but among a wider circle is known as
the father of a famous and beautiful daughter. She was
Elizabeth Patterson, who in 1803 married Jerome Bona
parte and gained the implacable hatred of the great Na-
polean. Captain John O'Donnell, who gained a fortune in tradg
with China, has many prominent descendants in Baltimore
and was also an ancestor of the Iselins of New York. John
Oliver subsequently endowed the Hibernian Society with a
school which has been in operation ever since his death
in 1823. John Kennedy was of that stock which bred John
Pendleton Kennedy — novelist, congressman and cabinet offi^
cer — and his brother, Anthony Kennedy, a United States
Senator from Maryland. Such were the prominent Balti
more Irishmen in 1805.
Let us now return to the Hibernian Society's banquet Of
1805 and give the list of toasts, the sentiments of which
may sometimes amuse. " After transacting their business,"
the " Federal Gazette " of March i8th tells us, " the company
dined together and spent the evening with much harmony
and conviviality. The president and vice-president presided
and the foUowing toasts were given:
I. The day we celebrate and many happy returns of it to
the sons and daughters of St. Patrick. '
2. Our native land — peace, liberty and independence to it.
3. Our adopted country — the United States of America —

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 243
the only abode of rational government, peace and inde
pendence. 4. The illustrious President of the United States ; may the
succeeding four years be not less prosperous than the past.
5. The vice-president of the United States.
6. The immortal memory of George Washington.
7. The memory of that eminent statesman and phil
osopher, Franklin.
8. The memory of Montgomery and all of those patriots
who so bravely fought and suffered in defense of the liberties
of this country.
9. The governor of the State of Maryland.
10. Prosperity to the city of Baltimore.
II. Commodore Preble and the United States Navy.
12. General Wilkinson and the Army of the Union.
13. May all governments be those of the law, and all laws
those of the people.
14. May the United States continue to be an asylum for
the persecuted and oppressed of all countries.
15. That safest and best defense of nations, an armed peo
ple; may our militia be numerous and well-appointed.
16. Agriculture; may it be pursued industriously and
scientifically. 1 7. Roads, bridges and canals ; may they be as numerous
as the necessities of the country require.
18. The sacred name of liberty; may its light illume the
entire world.
19. The press; open to everything but calumny and
scurrility. 20. Truth; may it universally prevail.
21. The memory of William Molyneux.
22. The memory of John Leeche.
23. The memory of Montesquieu.
24. Universal charity — the living principle of all our
social duties.
25. Unanimity and harmony to the people of America —
if opposition exists, may it be conducted with honor, truth,
and justice.
26. The F^ir of America.
27. Civil and religious liberty to all the human race.
28. May our Southern states be no longer disgraced by
the importation of slaves.
29. The exports of America.
30. The manufactupers of the United States.

244 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
We jump to the banquet of 1809. After the business was
transacted, we are told, the company sat down to an excel
lent dinner at Fulton's tavern " where they spent the day
with that lively conviviality and friendship for which Irishmen
are so justly distinguished." Twenty-two set toasts were
proposed by the chairman. Many of them are the same as
those in the list already quoted. But there are others whose
sentiments or expressions are interesting. The toast to
the Irish, for example, says:
" The people of Ireland — Freedom, prosperity and happi
ness to them; may they render themselves as conspicuous at
home as they have done in every foreign country."
The toast to Jefferson was :
" Thomas Jefferson, the late President — May the recollec
tions of a well-spent life make old age pleasant."
The tenth toast was " The Freedom of the Seas." This
was the paramount political idea of that year. England's
exercise of her claim to a right to search American vessels
brought on her second war with this country.
The next toast may have been aimed equally at England
and France. It reads : " Perish that nation which assumes
universal domain either by sea or land."
And the last toast shows that spirit of friendly feeling
toward the descendants of other peoples which prevails
to-day at every similar banquet : " To the Societies of St.
George, St. Andrew, St. Herman, and all other benevolent
societies in the United States."
The dinner next year — 1810 — ^was held at the Globe
Tavern, but the attendance was so light as to occasion com
ment in the newspaper account which appeared in the
" American," Tuesday, March 20. In all, twenty set toasts
were offered. Among them were the following :
"A speedy restoration of our trade and a good under
standing with all nations."
" Education, learning and morality, the only sure founda
tion of our virtues. May they be as much attended to as a
government by reason requires."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 245
" May the best heads and hearts always direct the affairs of
America." " May genuine patriotism keep in due bounds attachments
for foreign nations."
" May all nations possess and enjoy their rights, but have
no power to injure those of others."
" The fair daughters of Saint Tammany."
The banquet of 181 1 was the first of the two occasions in
the evening. As already noted, the 17th of March that
year fell on Sunday and the celebration took place the even
ing before. There were twenty-one toasts, among them
being :
" Freedom and prosperity to the people of Ireland."
" Emancipation to the Catholics of Ireland and may re
ligion be no bar to civil rights."
" A speedy destruction to all tyranny wherever it be, by
sea or land."
" More national spirit and less duelling ; more benevolence
and less calumny; more attachments to our country and less
to foreign nations."
St. Patrick's Day, 1812, occurred on the eve of war with
England and the papers were so crowded with national
affairs that the dinner of the Baltimore Hibernian Benevo
lent Society was not noticed until it had gone eleven days.
It took place at the Union Hotel, next door to the famous
old HoUiday Street Theatre, this time largely in the dayUght,
beginning at 2 o'clock in the afternoon, and spending the
evening with " hilarity and mirth " we are told. Among the
toasts were these :
" The Earl of Fingal and the Catholics of Ireland —
Emancipation to them and may religious persuasion never
be a bar to civil rights."
" Captain Timothy Gardner — Thanks to him for giving
a free passage from Lisbon to seven distressed Irishmen.'^
" Commodore Rodgers and his officers — Thanks to them
for their liberality to our distressed countrymen ; true cour
age is always accompanied with benevolence and humanity."

246

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

" Our adopted country — Peace if possible, but at aU events
happiness and prosperity to her."
" An armed people — the only safe defense of a free nation."
" May the American flag fly on every sea and in every
port." " Perpetuity to the union and harmony of our country."
" The cause and friends of liberty the world over."
The last toast was this clever tribute to the ladies : " Our
fair sisters of America — May the single be married and the
married be happy."
In 1813 an advertisement signed "J. Walsh, secretary,"
called on the members of the Hibernian Society to meet at
the Union Hotel " on Wednesday, the 17th inst., at 7 o'clock
in the evening." What occurred at that gathering does not
seem to have been preserved for us, but from the " Ameri
can " of March 20, we learn of a second St. Patrick's Day
banquet, of which the following entertaining account is
given :
A select company of the Sons of Erin assembled agreeably
to previous arrangements at Mr. Neale Nugent's Tavern on
the 17th inst., to celebrate, in rational convivial manner, the
festival of their beloved saint. After appointing John Boyle
president and Alexander Osborne vice president, the com
pany, with all the sociability and hilarity characteristic of
Irishmen, partook of a sumptuous dinner served up in a
style of elegance highly honorable to Mr. Nugent. Good
order and perfect harmony prevailed during the whole even
ing. The company retired at an early hour, after drinking
the following toasts, interspersed with a choice variety of
humorous, sentimental and patriotic songs.
Then follow the toasts, among which were the following:
" The friends of reform in Ireland — May success crown
their efforts — May the happiness of emancipated millions be
the result of their patriotic labors."
" The United States — ^The land of our adoption, the only
free country on the globe. While English drums rattle at
our doors, may every friend of freedom know his place."
"The constituted authorities of the Nation — May their

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 247
present struggle in the sacred cause of human rights be
nerved by the physical force of every son of Erin on the soU."
" The Union of the States — Confusion to those who ad
vise their dissolution. May the Atlantic and Pacific be their
boundary, eternity their duration."
" The Tars of Columbia — Hull, Decatur, Rodgers, Jones,
Bainbridge and our other gallant officers and seamen."
" The memory of General Montgomery — ^A generous son
of Erin who gloriously fell contending for the liberty of his
adopted country."
" The memory of the illustrious Washington — May every
heart be a mausoleum to perpetuate his fame; may he be
revered as our political saviour."
" Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin, friends of
man, the guardians of rights, civil and religious, and the firm
advocates of rational liberty."
" The Tongue, the Pen and the Sword — Perish the traitors
who would use either to destroy equal rights or the demo
cratical institutions of our country."
The blockade of Baltimore, the battle of North Point and
the fierce though unsuccessful attempt to capture the city
were events of moment which temporarily interrupted the
Hibernian Society's functions. In 181 6, however, the so
ciety started anew and from that time on there is not a break
in the annual jollifications and reunions. Many were held
at the Exchange Tavern of Mr. Patrick O'Reilly, an honor
ary member of the society, because of the aid he generously
rendered distressed Irish emigrants and a man who was in
many ways a type of the genial Irish host. At one of these
banquets occurred the coronation of an Irish poet, while at
others there were features which make pleasant reading and
which could be expanded indefinitely.

CHAPTER XXIV.
The Day in Charleston, S. C. — Mention of a Celebration as early as
1771 — In 1772 the Occasion was Ushered in by the " Ringing of Bells" — A
Celebration in 1773 by St. Patrick's Club, or the Friendly Brothers of St.
Patrick — Observances under the Auspices of the Hibernian Society of
Charleston— Oration in 1841 by Henry L. Pinckney, Jr. — Interesting Letter
from Hon. William A. Courtenay.
The earliest celebrations of the day in Charleston, S. C,
of which we have found mention, are thus set forth in the
South Carolina " Gazette and County Journal," Charleston,
March 19, 1771 : " Sunday being St. Patrick's Day, the
tutelar Saint of Ireland, the same was celebrated here yester
day by a number of Gentlemen who met on the occasion,
and after partaking of a sumptuous dinner, spent the even
ing with that mirth and jollity, ever conspicuous to the
natives of that Country."
From the same paper, March 17, 1772: "This being St.
Patrick's Day, the tutelar Saint of Ireland, the same was
ushered in by ringing of the Bells, etc."
From the same paper, March 23, 1773 : " Wednesday last
being St. Patrick's Day, the tutelar Saint of Ireland, ihe
members of St. Patrick's Club, or Friendly Brothers of St.
Patrick, celebrated their anniversary, when the following
Gentlemen were elected officers of the said Society, viz: —
Hon. Thomas Knox Gordon, Esq., President; James Par
sons, Esq., Vice President; Thomas Phepoe, Treasurer and
Secretary^; Edward Rutledge, Esq., and Mr. McCartan
Campbell, Stewards."
Can there, any further, be doubt of a St. Patrick's Society
having existed in Charleston, S. C. in 1773, and perhaps
previous to that year? We think not. Edward Rutledge
was the brother of Governor John Rutledge, the dictator
and military governor of South Carolina, both Irishmen.

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 249
Edward Rutledge was a signer of the Declaration of Inde
pendence. The oldest existing Irish organization in the South, prob
ably, is the Hibernian Society of Charleston, S. C, which is
believed to have been founded in 1799. It is still enjoying
a prosperous career. Hon. M. P. O'Connor, on assuming
the presidency of the organization years ago, stated that
" Its first president was the serene and scholarly Rev. Father
Gallagher, who was worthily followed by O'Brien Smith,
Simon Magwood, Samuel Patterson, William A. Caldwell,
Thomas Stephens, Henry W. Conner, the father of Gen.
James Conner ; James E. Robinson, WiUiam GillUand, Judge
Burke, Governor A. G. Magrath, Bernard O'NeiU and M. P.
O'Connor. These men give dignity and character and pur
pose to the organization.
" Its founders were Thomas A. Malcolm, Edward Courte
nay, William and James Hunter, Joseph Crombie, John S.
Adams and a few others. They professed as the primary
object of their union, aid and relief to the distressed emi
grant. But there was latent in their bosoms an object
beyond and higher. It was to preserve the traditions of
their downtrodden race; to embody and cluster around a
common centre, in a genial and hospitable clime, the virtues
of their ancestors, and to reflect in all their splendor under
the bright blaze of a CaroUna sun the united rays of true
Irish manhood and Irish intelUgence. * * * At the base
of our organization is one grand permeating idea, to give
character and worth and potency to the Irishmen in America.
It was this society which built the first Irish-American haU
in the United States."
In answer to an inquiry about the early history of this
Hibernian Society, Hon. William A. Courtenay of " Innis-
fallen," Newry, S. C, thus writes under date of Dec. 19,
1900 : " * * * As far as I know, there was no organized
society among our Irish citizens [in South Carolina] until
near the close of the XVIIIth century. John and Edward
Courtenay came from Newry, Ireland, to Charleston in 1791.

2^0 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
John settled in Savannah where his descendants in the 4th
and 5th generations still reside. My grandfather, Edward,
remained in Charleston. They were both merchants. My
grandmother survived until 1852. I have hea'rd her say that
a club of Irish gentlemen met at each others houses twice a
month for social purposes, and that soon after her marriage
she entertained them. So that surely as early as 1794 the
beginning of the Hibernian Society was made. The troubles
in Ireland, culminating in 1798, brought quite a number of
Irishmen to Charleston, and on the 17th of March, 1799, the
Hibernian Society was founded. * * * The Society
was incorporated in 1805. I enclose a printed memo, of
Edward Courtenay's family — which may interest you. I do
not know of the seven other gentlemen who founded the
Hibernian Society. Mrs. Blake L. White is a descendant
of one of the Hunter Bros. That is the extent of my knowl
edge. I am very proud of my Irish lineage and, as you see,
have named my present country home ' Innisfallen,' for a
memorial." The printed memo., to which Mr. Courtenay alludes in the
foregoing letter is a four-page leaflet. On the first page is
this inscription : " The Courtenay Family Monument in
MagnoUa Cemetery, Charleston, S. C. Erected 1891."
Then follow copies of the inscriptions on the monument, as
follows :
(north panel in bronze.)
THIS TABLET
IS INSCRIBED IN PIOUS MEMORY OF
EDWARD COURTENAY
BORN IN NEWRY IRELAND 9th SEPT 1771 CAME
TO CHARLESTON WITH HIS BROTHER JOHN 1791
DIED IN SAVANNAH GA WHILE ON A VISIT TO
HIS BROTHER 4TH AUGT 1807 AND LIES THERE
IN THE CEMETERY OF THE PROT. EPISC. CHURCH.
AND
LYDIA HIS WIFE BORN 14TH AUGT 1769
MARRIED UTH MAY 1794 DIED i6th MAY 1852
DAUGHTER OF SAML. SMITH ESQR OF NEWBURY
PORT MASS A RESIDENT OF THIS CITY 1778-1828.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 251
AND ALSO OF THEIR ELDEST CHILD AND SON
EDWARD SMITH COURTENAY
BORN ixth JULY 1795 ADMITTED TO THE BAR 1823
IN THE NULLIFICATION CONTEST 1830-32 AN ACTIVE
SUPPORTER OF THE CAUSE OF THE UNION
AN INSTRUCTOR OF YOUTH FOR MANY YEARS
GRATEFULLY ESTEEMED AND REMEMBERED
DIED STH OCTOBER 1857.
AND
ELIZABETH STORER WADE HIS WIFE
BORN IN NEW YORK 2Sth AUGUST 1805
MARRIED 2STH OCTOBER 1821 DIED 19TH SEPT. 1886
WHO WITH HER HUSBAND LIES HERE.
A CENTENARY RECORD BY DESCENDANTS
OF THE THIRD FOURTH AND FIFTH GENERATIONS.
ERECTED 1891.
(south panel in bronze.) TO THE MEMORY OF
ALEXANDER BLACK COURTENAY
BORN 4TH MARCH 1833 SETTLED IN KANSAS 1856
VOLUNTEERED IN THE CIVIL WAR
LOST HIS LIFE IN BATTLE AT SPRINGFIELD MO
lOTH AUGT 1861 AND WAS BURIED ON THAT FIELD.
AND OF
EDWARD COURTENAY BULLOCK
BORN 7TH DECR 1822 GRADUATED AT HARVARD-
COLLEGE 1842 SETTLED IN EUFAULA ALA 1843
ADMITTED TO THE BAR 1845 SERVED IN THE
CIVIL WAR AS COLONEL OF THE iSth REGT ALA INFTY
DIED 24TH DECR OF DISEASE CONTRACTED IN
CAMP AND BURIED AT EUFAULA CHRISTMAS DAY 1861.
. CALLED TO MANY HIGH STATIONS EQUAL TO ALL
TO PERPETUATE HIS MEMORY THE STATE OF ALA
BY ACT OF HER LEGISLATURE IN 1866
GAVE HIS NAME TO ONE OF HER COUNTIES.
AND OF
CHARLES COURTENAY TEW
BORN I7TH OCT 1827 GRADUATED WITH FIRST HONORS
AT THE SO CA MILITARY ACADEMY. 1846
PROFESSOR IN HIS ALMA MATER 11 YEARS
FOUNDED IN 1858 THE HILLSBORO N C MIL ACADEMY
SERVED IN THE CIVIL WAR AS COLONEL OF
THE 2D REGT N C STATE TROOPS LOST HIS LIFE
AT SHARPSBURG 17TH SEPT 1862 WHILE COMD'G
ANDERSON'S BRIGADE AND WAS BURIED ON THAT FIELD.
GRANDSONS OF EDWARD COURTENAY NATIVES OF
CHARLESTON THEY MADE THE LAST SACRIFICE THEY
DIED FOR THE SOUTHERN CONFEDERACY.
ERECTED 1891.

252 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
In Grace Church, Charleston, S. C, is a bronze tablet to
the memory of another member of the Courtenay family. It
is on the South wall, to the right of the main entrance, and
reads as follows : Ingenio stat sine morte decus
In Memory of
PROF. JAMES C. COURTENAY
A native and resident
of
CHARLESTON SOUTH CAROLINA
Born 14th January 1803 Died 3d February 183S
Although his life was short
In its achievements it was long
Self-taught
Without school or college advantages
He early became
A successful votary of the exact sciences
One of the earliest
If not the first public appeal from a private citizen
Advocating the founding of
A NATIONAL ASTRONOMICAL OBSERVATORY
Was written and published by him
When only twenty-four years of age and is preserved
In the historical archives of the country.
An eminent instructor
An attractive member of society
The delight and pride of numerous friends
THIS MEMORIAL
Will preserve his name and achievements
Whitsuntide 1899
Returning to the Hibernian Society of Charleston, we
know that the organization has held many notable celebra
tions of St. Patrick's Day. Daniel M. O'DriscoU of Charles
ton writes, under date of Jan. 9, 1901 : " The bills of the
Hibernian Society for 1799 had been placed in the hands of
Major A. T. Smythe for official purposes, and his absence
from the City has delayed my report. I succeeded in mak
ing copies of the bills yesterday, and submit them as proof of
the existence of the Hibernian Society in 1799, and these
are the earliest recorded proof of the existence of the Society.
There are no existing books or papers previous to these
bills, and the first records made, and now in the archives of
the Society are dated 1801. On March 17, 1801, the Rev.
Father Simon pelix GaUagher was elected President; John
S. Adams, Vice President; Thomas Malcolm, Treasurer, and

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 253
Charles M. Kenna, Secretary. The Society was Chartered
December 19th, 1805. I have seen and examined the books
commencing with the records of 1801. They contain a Ust
of members, object of organization, etc., and are, indeed,
curious records. In looking over the account of Cornelius
O'DriscoU, an 1801 member, I saw a statement: "balance
from old Ledger folio," which proves that the Society had
an existence before 1801. The old Ledger is unfortunately
missing. I have no doubt that Capt. Wm. A. Courtenay's
statement covers the ground of the social existence of the
Society previous to 1799. * * *
" I earnestly hope this wiU be in time to suit your purpose.
Capt. Wm. A. Courtenay was Mayor of Charleston for two
consecutive terms — from 1879 to 1887, and soon after re
moved to Newry, Oconee Co., S. C, where he assisted in
establishing a large cotton mill of which he is president.
Newry, as you see, is named for the family home in Ireland.
Capt. Courtenay, although not a college graduate, has had
the degree of LL.D. conferred upon him by two different
Colleges. The St. Patrick's Benevolent Society was founded
in 1817 by William Magrath who resigned from the Hi
bernian Society in order to establish the St. Patrick's. Wm.
Magrath was the father of the late ex-Governor and ex-
Judge A. G. Magrath of South Carolina."

In 1813, at a St. Patrick's Day celebration in Charleston
by the Hibernian Society, the following were some of the
toasts :
The Day. Sacred to St. Patrick. Let the bards of old be
near, let them draw near with their song and their half view
less harps.
The memory of Emmet and other martyrs.
" Thus shall memory often in dreams sublime.
Catch a glimpse of the days that are over;
Thus sighing look thro' the waves of time.
For the long faded glories they cover."

254 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
The Catholic Committee of Ireland. Before such a host
of virtue, eloquence and patriotism, soon must intolerance
and persecution hide their Hydra heads.
The Blue Eyed 'Daughters of the Emerald Isle and their
fair sisters of Columbia — They are to us the beams of the
East rising in a land unknown.
Swift. Who first taught Ireland that she might become
a nation, and England, that she might cease to be a despot —
guiding a Senate, or heading an Army he had been more than
Cromwell, and Ireland not less than England; as it was, he
improved his country by his authority, adorned her by his
talents and exalted her by his fame.

The St. Patrick's Society, just mentioned, and the Irish
Volunteers, of Charleston, enjoyed a rare treat, March 17,
1 841, it being an oration by Henry L. Pinckney, Jr. The
event took place in St. Finbar's Cathedral, Charleston. The
address of Mr. Pinckney was subsequently published in
pamphlet form. The Irish Volunteers, just mentioned, were
organized in Charleston, S. C, in 1801. They saw service
in the war of 1812, in the Florida war and at other periods,
and have a record of which they are justly proud.
With regard to early celebrations of St. Patrick's Day in
Kentucky, Edward Fitzpatrick of the staff of the " Louisville
Times " thus writes : " In reply to your inquiry, in re the
first celebration of St. Patrick's Day in Kentucky, the best
information obtainable places it about 1788. The Rev.
Michael Whelen, an Irish Franciscan, was the first mission
ary priest sent to Kentucky, coming in 1787, with the Balti
more settlers, including Most Rev. M. J. Spalding's ances
tors. He came directly from Ireland. He remained for
three years about Pottinger's Creek, and also af Bards
town and other places in Nelson county. It is but fair
to presume that he celebrated St. Patrick's Day whenever
it came around as many of his flock were of Irish birth
or ancestry. Dr. George Hart, born in Ireland, was the

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 255
first physician who settled in Kentucky, and he flourished
about the time of Father Whelen. The Mahoneys, Byrnes,
Hagans and other Irish also appear at the time. There,
of course, was no procession with a brass band, as these
settlers had enough to do to dodge Indians, but it is but
fair to believe that when the day came they observed it in a
religious way at least. Kentucky was not admitted to the
Union until 1792. In 1801 and afterward the day was ob
served at Bardstown and its neighborhood, and is yet."

CHAPTER XXV.
The Hibernian Society of Savannah, Ga. — Organized on St. Patrick's
Day, 1812 — Incorporated the same Year by the Legislature of Georgia —
John Cumming the First President of the Society — Rt. Rev. John England,
D.D., among the Anniversary Orators — Names of early Ofificers of the
Organization. St. Patrick's Day, 1812, was marked in Savannah, Ga.,
by the institution of the Hibernian Society of that city. The
first president of the organization was John Cumming. The
society fixed St. Patrick's Day as the occasion of its an
niversary meeting and has ever faithfully observed the
event with appropriate exercises. Possibly, during the Civil
War, the celebration may, of necessity, have sometimes been
omitted, but before the war and since the close thereof, the
day has been duly observed. The preamble to the Society's
constitution reads as follows :
" Irishmen, inclined, as they are by nature, to good-fellow
ship and charity, should not forget, in a foreign land, the
duties they owe to themselves, their national character, and
their distressed countrymen. These obligations are the
more important to Irishmen because, during the long period
of their oppression. Irishmen have been useful to themselves,
their country, and their brethren, only in proportion to their
exercise of those generous, charitable, and sterling traits with
which it has pleased God to distinguish them among the
people of the earth. Every motive, too, presses itself upon
the heart of each true Irishman to foster an affectionate at
tachment for his native land — a country the more particularly
unfortunate because her destiny has been unmerited, and
therefore the more entitled to the tender consideration of her
own sons, and of the good, the generous, and the enlightened
of other nationalities.

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 257
" Driven from unhappy Erin by unrelenting tyranny,
affiicted and persecuted Irishmen seek an asylum in this
favored republic, endeavoring to find, under the auspices of
its liberal institutions, the only consolations that can remain
to exiles thrust out of a beloved home by want and oppres
sion. To these it becomes the duty of their more fortunate
brethren settled in this free country, and enjoying the bene
fits of its hospitality, to reach out the hand of friendship, to
tender the aid of a delicate charity, and to offer any other
assistance which fraternal, manly, and kindly feelings may
inspire. " Impressed with these sentiments, the subscribers have
agreed to associate themselves under the title of " The Hi
bernian Society of the City of Savannah," and adopt the
following constitution."
Section i. Article i, of the constitution declares that " The
Hibernian Society has, for its objects, the social harmony
of its members ; the maintenance of a filial attachment for the
Mother Country; the aid of distressed Irishmen and their
descendants; the relief of indigent widows and orphans of
Irishmen and their descendants; the cultivation of good-
fellowship, and the practice of charity."
The constitution also declares that " The Society is open
for the admission of gentlemen of Irish birth, or, wholly or
partly, of Irish descent, provided they have attained the age
of twenty-one years," and that " No member shall be eligible
to the office of President except an Irishman, or the son or
grandson of a native of Ireland."
It also provides that it " shall be the duty of the Com
mittee of Stewards to make all necessary preparations for
the Anniversary Celebration, in arranging for which the
committee shall have full powers. For such celebration the
committee shall not incur an expense exceeding one-half of
the estimated amount of annual dues for the ensuing year,
unless the Society expressly votes an extra appropriation,
(in no case to be more than seventy-five dollars), for the
entertainment of guests at the Anniversary dinner."
17

258 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
" * * * If the date appointed for any regular meet
ing, except the Anniversary Meeting, shall faU on Saturday
or Sunday, or if St. Patrick's Day shall fall on Sunday, the
meeting shaU be held on the following Monday ; and the hour
for holding each regular meeting shall be fixed by the Presi
dent and Secretary."
The Society was incorporated by the legislature of Georgia
late in 1812, the following being a copy of the act:
AN ACT
To Incorporate The Hibernian Society of the City
of Savannah.
Whereas, A voluntary association of persons hath been
formed in the City of Savannah, under the name and style
of " The Hibernian Society of the City of Savannah," the
objects and purposes of which association are stated to be
the relief of indigent and exiled Irishmen, and to promote
social and friendly harmony among the members of said
association. And Whereas, The said persons so associated
under the name and style aforesaid are desirous of being
incorporated. Section i. Be it therefore enacted by the Senate and
Howse of Representatives of the State of (jeorgia, in General
Assembly met, and it is hereby enacted by the authority
aforesaid: That the several persons and members of said
charitable association, and others who shall hereafter become
members of the said association, respectively, and the succes
sors, officers, and members of the same, shall be, and they
are hereby declared to be a body corporate in deed and in
name, by the name and style of " The President and Vice-
President of the Hibernian Society of the City of Savannah,"
and by the said name shall have perpetual succession of offi
cers and members, and a common seal to use, with power to
make, alter, change and amend such by-laws and regulations
as may be agreed on by the officers and members of said
Society, provided such laws be not repugnant to the laws and
constitution of this State; and that they have privUege to
sue for and recover all moneys that now are, or that may be
due to the said Hibernian Society, by any name, or in any
manner whatsoever, and the rights and privileges of the
said Society in any court to defend, and to receive, take, and

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 2S9
apply all or any donation for the uses intended by the said
Society, and also to purchase and dispose of any property,
real and personal, for the use and benefits of said Society;
and shall and hereby are declared to be vested with all the
privileges, powers, and advantages, rights, and immunities,
of a society of people incorporated for the purposes intended
by their association and institi;tion.
Sec. 2. And be it further enacted: That this Act shaU be
deemed and taken as a public Act, to all intents and pur
poses whatsoever. Benj. Whitaker,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
William Rabun,
President of the Senate.
Executive Department, Georgia:
Assented to loth December, 1812.
D. B. Mitchell, Governor.
Moses Cleland was elected president of the Society in
1815, James Hunter in 1816, and George B. Cumming in
1833- The following gentlemen have served as vice presidents of
the Society up to and including 1837: Zachariah MiUer,
1812; Thomas U. P. Charlton, 1812; Thomas Bourke, 1815;
George. B. Cumming, 182 1; Richard W. Habersham, 1832;
Matthew Hopkins, 1835; Michael O. Dillon, 1836; Matthew
Hopkins, 1837.
Among the treasurers of the Society have been : Zachariah
Miller, 1812; James Hunter, 1813; John Nevitt, 1816; Oliver
L. Dobson, 18 17; Samuel Wright, 1820; Robert CampbeU,
1826; Matthew Hopkins, 1829; Michael O. DUlon, 1835;
Michael DUlon, 1836.
The secretaries have included: Thomas Bourke, 1812;
Oliver L. Dobson, 1813; Thomas N. Morel, 1814; Alexander
Hunter, i8r6; Wimberly J. Hunter, 1827; Thomas M. Dris
coU, 1 831; Robert M. Charlton, 1833; Edward Quigley,
1836; John Hunter, 1840; Thomas D. Rice, 1843; Charles
B. Cluskey, 1844.
The following is a list of gentlemen who have appeared

26o EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
before the Society as Anniversary (St. Patrick's Day) orators :
Thomas U. P. Charlton, 1813; Rt. Rev. John England, D.D.,
1824; Richard W. Habersham, 1825; Rev. Francis Boland,
1826; Rt. Rev. John England, D.D., 1827; Rev. Joseph
Stokes, 1828; James CulUnan, M.D., 1829; Rev. A. Byrne,
183 1 ; Rt. Rev. John England, D.D., 1832; Robert M. Charl
ton, 1833; Rev. Jeremiah F. O'NeUl, 1834; Matthew HaU
McAllister, 1835 ; Rev. Jeremiah F. O'Neill, 1836; Nicholas
Marlow, 1837; William P. White, 1838; Robert M. Charlton,
1839; John E. Ward, 1840; Thomas D. Rice, 1841; John
McLaughlin, 1842; Henry R. Jackson, 1843; Alexander R.
Lawton, 1844; Rev. Williarii Burke, 1845.

CHAPTER XXVI.
St. Patrick's Day Celebrated in Albany, N. Y., probably as early as
1796 — Special Mention of an Observance there, in 1810, by the St. Patrick's
Society — Celebrations in Washington, D. C. ; Fredericksburg, Va. ; Boston,
Mass.; Providence, R. I., and in other Places — American Immortals and
Irish Heroes Duly Honored.
In 1796, the Irish were sufficiently numerous in Albany,
N. Y., to incorporate a church. St. Patrick's Day observ
ances, in that place, may, therefore, be dated from about that
time. In 1807, the legislature of the State of New York
incorporated the " St. Patrick's Society of the City of Al
bany," and in 1833 the " Hibernian Provident Society " of
Albany was similarly recognized. Each of these organiza
tions, no doubt, frequently observed St. Patrick's Day.
In 1810, St. Patrick's Society, just mentioned, had a cele
bration of the day, and another in 181 1. The latter observ
ance was " attended by the governor, mayor of New York,
Mr. Emmet and others," and the following were among the
toasts : *
The Day and all who honor it — How long, O Erin, op
pressed and degraded country, shall thy children bear the
yoke ? How long e'er their heartstrings vibrate to the music
of thy bards, assembled around the festive board, com
memorate the anniversary of our Apostle, unawed by ty
rants, spies, pr traitors?
The land we live in — Happy, happy land! here we can
enjoy social mirth, here the hardy sons of industry meet
their due reward ; here: no man is obliged to crouch to arro
gance, intolerance or bigotry; exempted from the potent
curse of tythe proctors, excisemen, reverend magistrates and
military executioners, " armed with a vigour beyond the
law," we sit under our own vines and fig trees and bless the
providence that led us to its peaceful shores.
* From the " Shamrock,'' March 23, 1811.

262 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
The Land of Potatoes — May the characteristics of our
country never be forgotten; earnest in love, war, hospitality
and friendship.
Thomas Addis Emmet, Wm. James McNeven and their
Compatriots — Who preferred incarceration to treachery, and
who by their exertions have contributed to rescue the char
acter of Irishmen from the calumny and obliquy of ignorance
and bigotry.
Toast drank standing. The Irish Patriot's last speech —
" When my country takes her rank among the nations of the
world, then, and not till then, let my epitaph be written."
The Fair Sex. Fair in face, fair in mind.
Full of grace and well inclined.
The Men who Fought, who Bled, who Died for the Coun
try we now live in — for the principles we now cherish, and
for the blessings we now enjoy.
The Sons of Erin, of Albany, N. Y., celebrated St. Pat
rick's Day, 1812, in an appropriate manner * and drank these
toasts among others :
The Memory of St. Patrick — May the divine precepts of
the Gospel taught by the Irish Apostle, lead us to the felicity
of a better world.
The State of New York — May its inhabitants enjoy all the
felicity which their industry, their local situation and their
patriotism deserve.
The American Flag — May its stars shed lustre on freemen,
and its stripes chastise their enemies.
Our adopted country — its constitution and laws — may the
wretch that would violate either meet his merited reward —
the contempt of every honest man.

"A number of natives of Ireland and their American
Friends," gathered around the festive board in Washington,
D. C, on St. Patrick's Day, 1812, and during the exercises
duly honored the following sentiments from the toastmaster :
* The " Shamrock," Apr. 4, 1812.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 263
Erin — Sweet and fertile isle ! Too long hath the divisions
fostered by your enemies among your sons kept you in pro
vincial thraldom.
Catholic Claims — The men who rise superior to religious
disqualifications will soon burst the fetters of national sub
jection. Our adopted Country — divided it would fall a prey to the
oppressors of our native land; united, it may bid defiance
to a world in arms.
The Memory of our gallant Montgomery — Should it be
necessary to march once more to Canada, his countrymen
in America will be emulous to imitate his glorious example.
The Memory of Brian Boru — Who from the sands of
Clonboy heroically drove the invading Danes into the ocean
— Ireland has long sighed for such another exportation.
The peasantry of Ireland — brave but suffering people!
Your wrongs will not always remain unredressed.
Robert Emmet — 111 fated in life but glorious in death;
more virtuous men and better times will do justice to his
character. Arts and Manufactures — May their progress in the United
States, while they increase the resources of our industry,
diminish those of our enemies.
The Harp of Erin — May its melodious strains have the
same effect on the Orangemen of Ireland as they had on
Thomas Moore, who from a Tory, has been transformed
into a patriot.
The Fair Daughters of Erin and Columbia, lovely, loving
and beloved.
Another celebration in Washington, D. C, 1812, was held
under the auspices of the Society of the Sons of Erin, that
city. Among the toasts were :
The Congress of '75 — ^its declaration to the people of Ire
land that America should ever be an asylum to them from
oppression, was worthy of the founders of Uberty.
Irish Melodies — may their revival be the precursor of lib
erty to the country of their birth.

264

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

The Irish Harp — thy soul inspiring harmony shall yet cele
brate the restoration of Irish freedom.
Irish Union — not that union which means subjection, but
that which is formed by an oblivion of prejudices, an equality
of rights and an amalgamation of interests.
American Manufactures — While their progress towards
perfection tends to diminish British monopoly, it offers the
best means of securing American independence.

The Hibernian Benevolent Society of Fredericksburg, Va.,
also celebrated St. Patrick's Day, 1812, in an appropriate
manner. Among the toasts on that occasion we find :
The Day we Celebrate — and many happy returns of it to
the sons and daughters of St. Patrick — may each return in
fuse new zeal for the benevolent cause that first made it a
festival. The Land we live in — perpetuity to its constitution and
government, and happiness to its people.
The Emigrant Sons of Erin — May they always be found
foremost in the ranks in support of the government of this
their adopted country.
The Fair — Nature's last, most perfect work.
The American Eagle — May her fostering wing be ever
expanded to receive the oppressed sons and daughters of
Erin, on their landing in this happy country.

On St. Patrick's Day, 1813, the Sons of Erin at Albany,
N. Y., drank the following toasts at their gathering:
The Day. On its next return may we find Ireland free —
perish the power of England over our country — a power ob
tained by evil means, retained similarly and administered as
badly as it was acquired.
The Land of our birth.
" Though sacred the tie, that our country entwineth
And dear to the heart her remembrance remains
Yet dark are the ties where no liberty shineth
And sad the remembrance, that slavery strains."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 265
The Land of our adoption — Her citizens have taken up
Arms in the sacred cause of liberty — May they retain them
till all wrongs are redressed, and rights secured on a sure and
lasting basis.
The Sons of Erin, Washington, D. C, Ukewise observed
St. Patrick's Day, in 1813, and applauded and drank
toasts to:
Our Countrymen of the Old Sod. May they extirpate the
spirit of animosity from among them and cultivate that love
of union which alone can effect their political salvation.
Columbia, the land of our choice, because it is the land of
Liberty — Dear to us is that freedom we participate in, and
for its preservation Irishmen will cheerfully risk their all.
Hospitality. May Irishmen in America, be ever willing to
impart its rights to the helpless stranger.
Our Countrymen throughout the United States — Experi
encing the blessings of Freedom, it would be unnatural to
find them among our enemies.

At a celebration by the St. Patrick's Society, of Albany,
N. Y., in 1817, Cornelius Heeney proposed the toast " Short
Shoes and long Corns to the Enemies of American liberty."
During the war of 1812-14, the Irishmen of Providence,
R. I., and their sons, offered their services, to the committee
of safety, for work on the fortifications then being con
structed along Providence river. The offer was accepted
and a day set apart as " Irish day " for the above mentioned
labor. This fact shows that the Irish element was then
numerous in Providence and, doubtless, St. Patrick's Day
was celebrated there at as early a period as that. This was
also probably true of Newport, R. I.
One of the early Irish organizations in Rhode Island was
St. Patrick's Benevolent Society of Providence. The organi
zation appropriately observed St. Patrick's Day, 1835, the
Rev. Father Lee being then president. On this occasion,
however, he was detained elsewhere and, in his absence, John

266 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
Devlin presided. The exercises took place in the hall of the
City Hotel, in Providence, and were of a most interesting
nature. The Hibernian Orphan Society was another important
organization in Providence. It was in existence in 1842,
and invited Rev. Father Wiley to deliver a lecture in honor of
St. Patrick's Day that year. The invitation was accepted
and " the reverend gentleman responded with an admirable
historical discourse, tracing Ireland's history for a period of
over 4000 years."
A notable celebration of St. Patrick's Day took place in
Providence, R. I., in 1843. An account was published at
the time over the signature " Hibernicus." It reads as
follows :
" The Hibernian Orphan Society, with appropriate badges,
assembled at the Washington Hall, at 5 P. M., where they
were formed into procession by the Chief Marshal of the day,
Mr. Patrick O'Connell, assisted by Mr. Joseph Loughlen.
They then took up their line of march to the cheering har
mony of appropriate music, and proceeded to St. Patrick's
church, where a very eloquent discourse was delivered by
the Rev. Mr. Fitzpatrick of Boston. * * * After leav
ing the church, the society proceeded on their route form
ing a most imposing procession at least one third of a
mile in length. They then returned to Washington Hall.
* * * They were then addressed by Mr. Andrew Walsh
in an appropriate manner, after which the president, Mr.
William Hughes, briefly returned thanks for their orderly
deportment during the day. After giving three cheers for
Old Ireland, O'Connell, and the United States, with one
cheer more for the Constitution, the members separated."
Two other societies * that doubtless observed St. Patrick's
Day previous to 1845, were the Hibernian Provident Society
of New Haven, Conn., and the St. Patrick's Society, of Hart
ford in the same state. The former was incorporated in
1841, and the latter in 1842.
* " History of the Diocese of Hartford." By Rev. James H. O'Donnell.

CHAPTER XXVII.
St. Patrick's Day in Boston, 1837 — Centennial of the Charitable Irish
Soeiety — Oration by President Boyd — Addresses by Governor Edward
Everett of Massachusetts, Mayor Samuel A. Eliot of Boston, Hon. Stephen
Fairbanks, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., Hon. John P. Bigelow and other
Gentlemen — List of Toasts Proposed on the Occasion.
In 1837, ^^ especially notable celebration of St. Patrick's
Day took place in Boston. It was under the auspices of
the Charitable Irish Society. The occasion was also the
centennial anniversary of the organization and thus possessed
double interest. An elaborate programme had been ar
ranged and was pleasantly carried out.
On the day mentioned, the Society met and elected the
following officers for the year ensuing: President, James
Boyd; vice president, Daniel O'Callahan; Treasurer, WiUiam
P. M'Kay; Secretary, William BeU. At i P.M., the organi
zation, together with the Young C. F. Society, and invited
guests, formed in line, with Ambrose FarreU as chief marshal
and marched to Masonic Temple where the literary exercises
were held. The guests present included " His Excellency
the Governor, Mayor, City Marshal, Hon. Stephen Fair
banks of the Senate of our State Legislature — Messrs. Kin
nicutt, Rantoul and Henchman of the House, and Hon. John
P. Bigelow, Secretary of State."
The order of exercises at the Temple comprised a volun
tary by the band, prayer by the Rev. Fr. Lynch, an original
ode by the Rev. Mr. Pierpont, an oration by President James
Boyd, a second original ode by Thomas Power, and a closing
prayer by the Rev. Mr. Pierpont. Upon the conclusion of
these exercies, the Society and its guests returned to Concert
Hall where a banquet was served.
The number of " members, guests, and friends " present

268 EARL Y CELEBRA TIONS
was 250. The post-prandial exercises comprised thirteen
regular toasts and a large number of volunteer ones. D. W.
O'Brien was the toastmaster. The regular toasts were as
follows :
I. The Day. — Being the Centennial Anniversary of the
Irish Charitable Society — (how honorable for us to reflect)
when Irishmen founded this Society, America was a colony
of subjects, now a powerful nation of freemen. Irishmen
nobly assisted in this glorious transmutation — may they ever
uphold its Constitution and Laws. — Music, " St. Patrick's
Day." 2. Ireland. — ^The land of our fathers; the morning star of
freedom already dawns on her long night of oppression, still
the dark clouds of tithes and absenteeism hang over her—
may they soon be dispeUed by the bright sun of Liberty and
Union. Music, " Shamrock."
3. United States. — The land of our adoption — we forget
we are Strangers when it is forgotten that we are AUens.
Music, " Hail Columbia."
4. The President of the United States. — Let us join in his
prayer uttered on the fourth day of this month — " May it
be among the dispensations of Providence to bless our be
loved country with length of days; may her ways be ways
of pleasantness, and all her paths peace." Music, " Presi
dent's March." .
5. The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and Her Excel
lent Governor. — Long may they remain wedded together,
living evidence that her institutions open to talent a free
field ; and that here, honest ambition knows no bound, except
that of equal laws. Music, " Yankee Doodle." (Response
by Governor Edward Everett.)
6. The City of Boston. — Its Trimount reminds us of our
own native Shamrock. May its wealth, prosperity and hap
piness increase with its years. Music, "Home, Sweet
Home." (Responded to by Mayor Samuel A. EUot.)
7. The Founders of This Society.— Charity was their ob
ject, twenty six were their members; were it possible for

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 269
them to foresee that this country would on this day consist
of twenty-six free and independent States, bound together
by the bonds of Liberty, Equality and Freedom, how glorious
to them would have been the vision. May many centuries
elapse ere their names are forgotten. Music, " Exile of
Erin." 8. Daniel O'ConneU. — ^Athens boasted of a Solon, an
Aristides, and a Demosthenes, but Ireland beholds all their
great qualities combined in her favorite Son. Music, " Sprig
ofShiUelah." 9. Justice to Ireland. — A domestic Legislature alone can
confer it; to expect it from a London Parliament is an idle
dream, and we Irishmen, on this side of the water, hope that
full restitution will be made for past injustice. Music,
" Garryowen." 10. Republicanism. — Based on the rights of man. May
its great moral power forever prevent the acts or influence
of any party to infringe on or fritter away the rights of free
men. Music.
II. The Army and Navy. — Their achievements in the last
war with Great Britain astonished the despots of the world.
May they ever uphold the honors they gained, and always be
able to make their enemies fear them. Music, " The Star
Spangled Banner."
12. The Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association. —
A concentration of mutual attainments, scientific and physi
cal skiUj unsurpassed an)rwhere. May their Fair prospects
brighten to an equal splendor. (Responded to by Hon.
Stephen Fairbanks, president of the Association.)
13. The Ladies. — ^With assiduity we. court their smUes;
with sorrow we receive their frowns; but smiling or frown
ing, we love them. Music, " Haste to the Wedding."
Governor Everett in responding to the Fifth toast con
cluded by proposing the foUowing : " Our Fellow Citizens of
Irish Birth and Parentage. — May the advantages they enjoy
in this country, soon be shared by their brethren beyond the
sea ; and the blessings of rational liberty be diffused through-

2^0 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
out Ireland, from the Giant's Causeway to Cape Clear, and
from the HiU of Howth to Connemara."
The volunteer toasts were over twenty-five in number. A
few are here given, though not in the original order :
By Hon. John P. Bigelow, secretary of state: — Ireland. —
St. Patrick destroyed its creeping things of other days — may
his disciples speedily exterminate the political reptiles of the
present age.
Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., called attention to the fact " that
Boston was evacuated by the British troops on the festival
of St. Patrick, a Saint celebrated for exterminating the
noxious animals of Ireland." Mr. Quincy then proposed : —
Americans and Irishmen. — They may differ as to whether
the patron Saint of the latter had any hand in driving out
the enemies of the former — but in this they will agree — to
stand together and fall together before a hostile foot shall
again be placed on the land of their birth or the land of their
adoption. Toast by Robert Rantoul, Jr. : — ^The Memory of Richard
Montgomery. — A martyr to the cause of American Liberty;
May his blood constitute an enduring cement between the
land of his birth and the land of his adoption.
By Dr. H. B. C. Greene: The Memory of Emmet, and the
Illustrious Galaxy of Heroes, who, under different reigns
of despotism, have perished in the cause of Irish Emancipa
tion. By Dr. Henchman: Irishmen. — The true friends and the
brave. By Daniel Parkman: The Memory of John Cheverus. —
Faithful as a priest,, beloved as a bishop, honored and ex
tended [exalted?] as a cardinal.
By James King: Andrew Jackson, ex-President of the
United States. — ^The son of Irish parents; in retiring from
office, we may justly say in the words of the poet: "An
honest man's the noblest work of God."
By Daniel O'Callahan: — The Young CathoUc's Friend
Society. — A flourishing scion from our ancient stock, their

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 271
meeting with us on this happy occasion at the festive board,
assures us that through them our Society will be preserved
unimpaired amidst the storms of another century, and its
fame still increase by deeds of active benevolence.
By Col. Smith : Ireland and America. — May the former
soon be as free as the latter, and may the latter never forget
that Irishmen were instrumental in securing the liberty they
now enjoy.
By James Keating : The Fair of Erin. — The fairest of the
fair — may their fare be our f^re, and our fare the best of fare.
By Walter Welch: The Descendants of Irishmen. — May
they never forget the respect which they owe to the land
which contains the ashes of their fathers.
President Boyd in the course of his centennial oration in
the afternoon, said:
" The world has long established the custom, and experi
ence has shown it to be a useful one, to mark, by certain
points or data, the progress of mankind through it. The
traveller, by noting the mile-stone, hastens or slackens his
pace, as his time may hurry or permit ; — the mariner, in tak
ing his daily meridian observation, shifts his helm so as to
counteract the wandering occasioned by a lee-way or under
current tendency ; — man, in noticing the change of the moon,
or the annual return of the sun to a new year's starting
point, indicates to aU that another portion of time has passed
our reach, and silently admonishes to a prudent use of that
which may yet remain with us.
" Celebrations of anniversaries are events of common oc
currence : we mingle in them frequently, and it is hoped and
believed that such observances are beneficial to the com
munity. This Society has, through a great portion of its
existence, set one day of the year apart, as a day to be kept
holy — a day consecrated to recollections of the land of the
birth of its members, and to free social intercourse with each
other. On every other day of the year we are, and ought
to be, citizens of our adopted country ; — on this day, we are.

2^2 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
and ought to be. Irishmen: and this we can be — this latter
character we can with great propriety resume — for one day
out of the three hundred and sixty five, without derogating
from our fideUty to the former. Nay, the doing so, makes
us more fit to sustain the character of freemen.
" Though the Seventeenth of March has long been ob
served, and kept as the Annual Festival of the Society, yet it
never before came to us under the same circumstances as at
the present time. The day which closes the first century and
commences the second of its existence, is one which has been
thought deserving of a little more than ordinary notice;
hence, we are met on this occasion, and the time we may now
spend in this place, will be occupied by noticing, and bring
ing before you, such subjects as are supposed to be inter
esting and appropriate. * * *
" The records of our institution show that its original
organization was in the year 1737; a number of Irishmen hav
ing then associated under the name The Irish Society, and
laid the foundation of the fraternal charity, the care of which
has descended into our hands. It is pleasant and gratifying
to see that the important designs of the founders are still
recognized by the practice of their successors of the present
dav. * ^ *
" The situation of a man quitting his native country and
assuming the obligations of a citizen in another, may not
inaptly be compared to that of one leaving the parental fire
side, and assuming the bonds and responsibilities of matri
mony. Though the latter must be the stronger, as well as
the more endearing tie; yet the claims of the former to our
love and gratitude are nothing diminished. They only
yield in importance, when compared with the latter. In
every other view, they remain unimpaired. So with Irish
men here; let them never forget the love due to their
parent land, but let that to the land of their choice stand
paramount. It is a goodly land, and its institutions are the
pole-star and the hope of repubhcans aU over the world.
Long may it deserve and eUcit such prayer and encomiums

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 273
as that contained in the journal of one of our talented coun
trymen, who exclaims : ' Honor to the country which offers
to the stranger, on equal terms, free participation in all she
holds dearest. Hallowed be the institutions that open to
talent a free field, and where honest ambition knows no
bound except that of equal laws.' "

At a meeting of the " Government " of the Society " at
the House of William P. M'Kay, Treasurer," March 8, 1838,
" the circumstance of a distinguished Irishman, the Earl of
Gosford, being now in this city " was noted and it was voted
" that a Delegation to consist of Three, be appointed to wait
on the Earl of Gosford, with a ticket of invitation to our
anniversary dinner."
Under date of March 17, 1845, the records of the Society
contain this entry : " Ninety gentlemen sat down to dinner
at the Perkins House, at 4 o'clock. Mr. Terence McHugh,
the President of the Society, presided on the occasion. The
following invited guests were present: Rev. Mr. O'Brien,
Pastor of St. Nicholas' (CathoUc) church. Rev. Mr. Barnard
of the Warren Street (Protestant) chapel, O. A. Brownson,
Esq., R. C. Waterston, Esq., President of the British Charit
able Society, A. J. Cameron, President of the Scots' Char
itable Society, Hon. Josiah Quincy, Jr., and Thomas Gill,
Esq. Interesting letters were received from the following
gentlemen, regretting their inability to attend: Rt. Rev.
J. B. Fitzpatrick, Rev. Mr. Hardy, Commodore Nicholson,
John W. James, Esq., Hon. Gov. Briggs, Hon. Thomas A.
Davis, Mayor of Boston, Hon. Sam'l A. Eliot. The com
pany enjoyed themselves finely. The Secretary has nothing
to say about the quality of the dinner."
Among the members of the Charitable Irish Society, previ
ous to the year 1800, were the following, the year accom
panying each name denoting the time of admission :
AUen, Edward  1737 Auchmuty, Robert . . . 1740
Alderchurch, Edward . 1737 AUen, David  1740
Austin, Joseph  1739 Arthur, George  1747
18

2^4 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Auchmuty, Robert, Jr. 1748 Connor, Charles  ^7 i
Anderson, Thomas . . • I7S6 CampbeU, James  i/oi
Ash, Capt. Thomas  1773 Clarehue, John  ?76i
Boyd, Adam  1737 CampbeU, Alexander . . 1762
Bennett, Thomas  1737 Colman, John  1765
Bourns, Michael  1738 Crawford, James  1765
Black, Samuel  1738 Cuthbertson, Samuel . . 1766
Boulton, George  1738 Cummings, James  1767
Breaden, PhUip  i739 Condon, Samuel  1768
Beath, John  I739 Carpenter, Richard ... 1769
Butler, John . . .'  1742 Caldwell, Robert  1770
BaU, John  *  1749 Conner, Patrick  1770
Black, Andrew  1756 CaUahan, Capt. John. . . 1771
Burk, WiUiam  I757 Calback, PhUip  1772
Bucey, George  1760 Connor, Edmund  1784
Burdick, Benjamin, Jr. 1765 Campbell, Andrew  1797
Bryant, John  1766 Cavenagh, James  1797
Blake, John  1769 CottriU, Matthew  1797
Brown, Dr. William ... 1769 Duncan, Robert  1737
Bangs, Samuel  1769 Drummond, WiUiam . . 1737
Butler, Nicholas  1769 Downing, James  1737
Beane, John  1772 Draper, George  1737
Beaty, WiUiam  1772 Douse, Samuel  1738
Black, Moses  1784 Dunning, WUUam  1739
Boies, John  1784 Dillon, Peter  1739
Burke, Andrew  1797 Dunworth, Henry .... 1739
Barrett, George  1797 Dougherty, Walter . . . i739
Clark, James  1737 Dorus, Hugh  1739
Clark, John  1737 Dalton, James,  1740
CaldweU, Alexander . . 1738 Davis, William  1740
Canworthy, Andrew. . . 1739 Derby, Michael  1740
Cumerford, Thomas. . . 1741 Duncan, George  1761
Connell, Patrick  ^743 Dougherty, James .... 1762
Coppinger, John  I757 Daily, Jeremiah  1765
Calderwood, Samuel. . . 1757 Doyle, Peter  1767
CarroU, Michael  1757 Dalton, Capt. John. . . . 1767
Cochran, Samuel  1760 Dunn, Capt. David. . . . 1772

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y

275

Dunlap, Andrew, Sr. . . 1797
Dunlap, Andrew, Jr... 1797
Dunlap, James  1799
Egart, James  1737
Edgar, WiUiam  1739
Ervhine, Robert  1743
Elliot, Simon  I757
Elder, Robert  1761
Elliot Simon  1761
ElUson Samuel  1761
EUiot, Gen. Simon, Jr. . 1791
English, Thomas  1791
Eaton, William B  1797
Freeland, WiUiam .... 1737
French, William  I739
Ferguson, George .... 1739
Fitzgibbon, Patrick ...1739
Fergus, Owen  ^739
Farrel, John  1740
FulUngton, John  1761
French, Nicholas  1763
Fitzgerald, Lewis  1766
Freeman, Robert  1766
Freeland, James  1770
Forrest, James  1772
Field, John  1772
Feran, Mark  1772
Foley, John  1792
Fletcher, Capt. P  1797
Gibbs, Daniel  1737
Glen, George  1737
Gardner, James  1737
Geoghegan, Michael ..1737
Griffin, John  1738
Gilmore, Joseph  1739
Gradon, John  1739
Glen, Robert  1741

Gormon, John  1 769
Gerry, John  1769
Gillespie, Archibald . . . 1770
Gardner, Robert  1772
Grant, Thomas  1785
Gardner, Robert  1791
Getty, Robert  1 793
HaU, William  1737
Hoog, John  1738
Hutchinson, John .... 1739
Holmes, Andrew  ^739
Harper, John  1739
Hamilton, Frederick . . 1740
Hughes, James  1740
Holmes, William  1 740
HUl, Robert  1743
Howard, Capt. Samuel . 1 769
Hutchins, Matthew . . . 1772
Hill, Charles  ^773
Hunter, Henry  1784
Johnson, William  1 765
Johnson, Thomas  1785
Knox, Andrew  ^737
Kennedy, David  ^737
Knox, Adam  1737
Knox, WiUiam  1756
Knox, Andrew  1756
Kelly, John  1759
Kennedy, Robert  1765
Knox, Robert  1769
Kelly, Timothy  1769
Knox, Henry  '^77'2,
Kennedy, John  1797
Little, John  i737
Lewis, Joseph  1738
Lawler, Thomas  1 739
Lee, Stephen  1761

276

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

Ladley, John  1762
Logan, Patrick  1762
Leahy, Henry  1762
Little, Alexander  1765
Linn, James  1771
LesUe, Capt. Samuel. . .1772
Leslie, Peter  1772
Lee, Michael  1773
McFfall, Daniel  1737
Mayes, James  1737
Moore, Samuel  1737
Mortimer, Philip  1737
Motley, Patrick  1737
Molony, Thomas  1737
Moore, David  1738
Macmurphy, John .... 1738
McNeil, Adam  1738
McCrillis, James  1738
McDaniel, Thomas  1738
McFaden, James  1738
McGowing, Lodowic . . 1789
Malcolm, Michael .... 1739
McCleary, John  1739
Moony, John  1739
Moorhead, Rev. John. .1739
McDaniel, Hugh  1739
MiUer, David  1739
MiUer, Samuel  1740
McHord, James  1740
McClennehan, Rev. W.1741
McNeil, Archibald .... 1743
Moore, William  ^743
Mclntire, NeiU  1743
Mackey, John  1 745
Mortimer, James  I747
Miller, William  1749
McCarroU, Murtough . . 1 756

Malcon, John  175^
McNeill, John  1757
Mclntyre, Andrew  I7S9
Mayers, Alexander. . . ¦ 1760
Morton, William  1761
Morton, Thomas  1761
Murray, Matthew  1762
Mackay, WiUiam  1766
Malcolm, Capt. Daniel. 1766
Moorhead, Alexander. . 1768
McLane, John  1768
Maroney, WUUam .... 1768
McClure, Capt. Wm. . . 1768
McCordey, Capt. Robt. 1769
McNeiU, Daniel  1769
Magner, John  1 770
MoUoney, John  1770
McPhilliney, Hugh. . . . 1770
McNeiU, William  1772
Mansfield, John  1772
McNeil, Capt. John... 1772
Mclntire, WiUiam  1773
McNeU, Robert  1784
Mackay, William, Jr. . .1791
M'Donogh, Thomas. . . 1791
Magee, Capt. James. . .1791
Montgomery, John. ... 179 1
Mackay, Capt. John. . . 1791
Murray, Rev. John. . . . 1797
Menchin, Edward  1797
McMann,   1797
McGee, Capt. Bernard. 1798
McNeil, Archibald .... 1797
Neal, Daniel  1737
Nelson, James  1738
Noble, Arthur  1 740
Nugent, John  1757

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y

277

Nash, James  1772
Noonan, James  1773
Neil, Thomas  1793
Orr, Isaac  1737
Pelham, Peter  1737
Poyntz, John  1737
Powers, John  ^739
Patton, WiUiam  1739
Powers, Edmund  1747
Pihoe, John  1759
Pelham, Henry  1774
Quig, John  1738
Quailes, Charles  1769
Richey, Francis  ^737
Ryan, Kennedy  1739
Richardson, Joseph. . . . 1746
Raney, John  1757
Reid, Andrew  1765
Rotch, Moses  1765
Roach, Moses  1767
Rowe, Matthew  1768
Ross, James.  1769
Rear don, Patrick  1786
St. Lawrence, Joseph.. 173 7
Stewart, WiUiam  1737
Sloane, Samuel  1738
Sloane, Robert  1738
Sherrard, William  1739
Stet, James  1739
Savage, Isaac  1739
Stanley, David  1741
ShUera, James  1743
Savage, Robert  1746
Smith, James  1748
Shortwell, Valentine. . .1761
Smith, Joseph  1761

Smith, Peter  1762
Sloane, Robert  1762
Stone, Edward  1767
Scott, Matthew  1767
Sloane, Samuel  1 769
Sherlock, William . .'. . 1770
Sullivan, Bartholomew. 1772
Scott, John  1773
Stinson, John  1784
Smith, Capt. James. . . . 1795
Thomas, Archibald. . . . 1737
Tracy, Patrick  1737
Toler, WiUiam  1738-
Tabb, James  1739
Temple, Robert  1740
Thompson, John  1740
Tanner, John  1741
Thompson, John  1745
Tabb, Nicholas  1756
Thompson, Benjamin. . 1757
Thompson, John  ^757
Tufts, John  1773
Vincent, WiUiam  1744
Walsh, Nathaniel  1737
Walker, Patrick  1737
Whitley, John  1738
WiUiams, Peter  1738
Wood, Roger  1742
Willis, Charles  1760
Wier, Robert  1766
Wier, David  1767
WUson, Capt. Alexander 1768
Wright, Francis  1784
Wier, Robert, Jr  1792
Woods, William  1794
Whitman, B . .  1797

CHAPTER XXVIII.
Poetical Contributions to Celebrations of the Day — Original Odes and
other Productions Written for the Festival — ^Verses Sent to Leading News
papers for Publication in Connection with the Anniversary — Songs Dedi
cated to Various Organizations that took Part in Observing the Feast of
St. Patrick.

The celebration of St. Patrick's Day in New York and
other cities has also been characterized by the production
of songs and poems, many of them of a high order of merit.
All breathe a spirit of affection and patriotism. A few of
these productions are here appended.
In the N. Y. " Daily Advertiser," March 17, 1786, we find
this contribution :
For the " Daily Advertiser "
Verses
For St. Patrick's Day
Addressed to every Real Irishman

Let others St. George and St. Andrew proclaim,
Saint Patrick be mine while I sing of his fame;
The truths of Religion he painted of old,
And he practic'd the precepts as strict as he told.
II
His piety rivall'd the conclaves at Rome,
And he sanctified all his adherents at home.
E'en miracles too he display'd o'er the land.
For each venomous creature he killed with his wand.

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 279
III
Tho' far from the shores where true fellowship reigos,
Hibernia's remembrance awakens the strains
And fancy inspires while I think on the hours
When I kindly have shared Hospitality's powers.
IV
Be the day called St. Patrick's respected and dear.
Let each honest Irishman honor it here ;
May his heart by the love of his country be fir'd.
And his hopes by humanity only inspired.
V
Be banish'd afar ev'ry thought that is mean,
May nothing but candour embellish the scene ;
Let th' social endearments of pleasure portray
The sacred remembrance that springs from the day.
VI
Let the Shamrock aloft be distinct to the view.
To show you an Irishman honest and true ;
While you sit round the bottle give three hearty cheers.
And a bumper sincerely to True Volunteers.
VII
Charge your glasses to Freedom, and tip off the toast ;
Let an Irishman smile while the despot dare boast ;
May the banners of Liberty wave in each clime,
And friendship unbounded cease only with time.
VIII
To Congress supreme, and Washington too,
A bumper of Burgundy justly is due ;
May we live long in peace, may they govern with skill.
Then each Freeman may just be as great as he will.
Hibernicus.
New York, March 16, 1786.

28o EARLY CELEBRATIONS
The following production appears in the N. Y. " Journal
& Patriotic Register," March 17, 1788:
For the " Daily Patriotic Register."
Mr. Greenleaf:
If you think the following trifle likely to promote the
festivity of the anniversary of the tutelar saint of Ireland,
your inserting it on Monday next will probably prove pleas
ing to such (at least) of your readers, as are descended from,
or are themselves Irishmen.
New York, March 14. Song
On the Anniversary of
St. Patrick, 1788.
Respectfully dedicated to aU genuine Milesians through
out the world, particularly those in America, by their de
voted countryman Mathew Carey.
I
Ye sons of St. Patrick, come jovially near :
To the banners of Bacchus resort.
On this solemn feast — to Irishmen dear
To mirth consecrated and sport.
II
Far hence be all strife, contention and noise —
Let harmony 'mongst us prevail :
Push the bottle about — of wine taste the joys —
True Milesians in toping ne'er fail.
Ill
Rever'd be St. Patrick, who in our blest isle.
Spread the lustre of science around —
On his natal day, our cares let's beguile
While our foreheads with shamrocks are bound.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 281
IV
HospitaUty's praise — a virtue too rare —
Was never to Ireland denied —
Ev'n Twiss — the vile reptile — ^was forced to declare
That just was the national pride.
V
Regard ev'ry rank — from the high titled peer
To the cotter, though abject and low.
Each man to his friend gives a welcome sincere ;
And freely good cheer doth bestow.
VI
In warlike achievements, few nations can gain
So unsuUy'd and signal a fame :
Search the records of France — of Germany — Spain,
You'll find how well founded their claim.
VII
Cremona's defence — and Fontenoy's field —
In deathless memorials display
The national valour — to friends a strong shield —
To opposers, confusion — dismay.
VIII
From northern Quebec, where Montgom'ry feU
To Georgia's most southerly scene.
Each state has beheld — each commander can tell
How brave have our countrymen been.
IX
To such fav'rites of Mars — pray who could expect,
Venus gives not of blessings a share ? —
No Irishman ever can fail to protect.
To comfort, and cherish the fair.

282 EARLY CELEBRATIONS X
A glass, jolly souls — a bumper pray fill —
'Tis a toast that philanthropy prizes :
Health, happiness, honour, attend the man still.
Who reflections on nations despises.

The N. Y. " Packet," March 17, 1789, has the following:
Song
For St. Patrick's Day, 1789.
Addressed to the St. Patrick's Society of New- York.
To Columbia's bright shores from Hibernia's blest regions.
The vot'ries of honor, we ventured to steer;
To Freedom and Claret, we pay our allegiance ;
Detesting vUe heel-taps and slavery.
Both love and friendship's claims fulfilling.
Still in true honor we persevere,
A generous friend Sir,
On us may depend Sir ;
We ever are willing
To share the last shiUing;
At worth in misfortune, disdaining to sneer;
For none we maintain Sir,
In want should remain Sir,
Possess'd of true honor and bravery.
Whatever the land, which we happen to live in.
Each Son of Hibernia will make it his own ;
Now kindness imparting, now kindness receiving ;
His bosom with love overflowing.
By narrow views ne'er prepossess'd Sir,
He to be lov'd, needs but to be known.
His heart and his hand Sir,
The good may command Sir ;
His generous breast Sir,
Feels for the oppress'd Sir,

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 283
By nature and choice to benevolence prone;
Wherever he goes Sir,
On friends and foes Sir,
Humanity's blessings bestowing.

We also find this Song
Addressed to the gentlemen of the St. Patrick's Society in
New York.
All ye Paddys of York, or from Dublin or Cork,
Good fellows of every nation.
Who for country or friends, the last drop would now spend —
I honor you all in your station.
Let us sing a song round, that our joys may abound,
We abhor all contention and party;
Come fill up your glasses and drink to the lasses.
And strive to be jovial and hearty.
He that thinks the attack of an Irishman slack,
God help him how little he knows us :
The fair and the foe, Oh ! we lay their heads low.
If in love or in fight they oppose us :
For in all kinds of wars, or of Cupid or Mars,
Our courage and weapons are ready;
True to the back bone, we give them their own.
Our motto is, willing and steady.
To Washington next ('tis a toast worth a text,)
And preaching, o'er wine we despise Sir;
A bumper ! — ^here goes, to slavery's foes —
It is good to be merry and wise Sir.
To Franklin and Jay, due respect let us pay ;
To Hamilton, Adams and Clinton;
May they go hand in hand for the good of the land;
So while we stay here — let us drink on.

284

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

In the "American Citizen" (N. Y.), March 17, 1801, is
this production : For the American Citizen,
St. Patrick in America.
A Song, for St. Patrick's Day.
Last Patrick's Day, 'twas as dark as the night.
For the Sun never shin'd on Hibernia's tod;
Brother John grin'd a smile to behold the sad sight.
When Erin go Bragh went in mourning.
The Harp, the Shamrock, and the ShiUaly
Were stolen away — with the Wreath & the Roll.
Poor Shelah kept tugging
Whilst John Bull kept hugging
For her butter and beef, like a coward and thief.
With his blood-hounds of war, the outcasts from God,
Who hang, burn and destroy
Man, woman and boy —
On St. Patrick's Day in the Morning.
Oh! St. Patrick, where were you on that great occasion?
— You that us'd to drive Reptiles away from the land;
Arrah why did you suffer the British invasion?
Why were they not drown'd in returning? —
Was it they that broke your Pastoral Crook,
And snatch'd all the power from your Holy Wand?
Or have you been banish'd.
Since Ireland has vanish'd? —
In America list, then, and give us your fist,
For this is the country for which we will stand;
And fiercely oppose
Either traitors or foes.
Every Patrick's Day in the Morning.
And now my dear friends, since our Saint has come over,
To see how we look round our jolly full bowls :
Let us welcome him here, where we all live in Clover,
The maUce of Kings ever scorning.

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 285
With peace and health still smiling around us,
And plenty to cherish our generous souls —
Now we all plainly see
That America's free —
Republicans true Sir,
As ever you knew. Sir,
From Ohio's Banks to where old Ocean rolls :
Then to Jefferson still
Our glasses we'll fiU,
Every Patrick's Day, Night and Morning.

March 19, 1810, we find the following in " The
Columbian " : ,
For the " Columbian."
The Irish Bard.
" Friendless exile ! old and hoary.
Banish sorrow and complaint
Wake thy harp to Erin's glory.
Sing the lay of Erin's saint."
'Twas Saint Patrick's festal morning
When I met the man of grief.
On his cheek the tear was burning
Withered was the shamrock's leaf.
" No," exclaim'd the aged stranger,
" Erin's glory is no more.
Hordes of bloody tyrants range her
Freedom flies Hibernia's shore.
" Shackled with the yoke of Britain,
Doomed to vassalage and chains.
Be her name nor sung nor written
Till oppression fly her plains.
" Bright she shines in ancient legends,
When her sons awoke the lay.
Ere her peaceful verdant regions
Groan'd beneath ambition's sway.

286 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
" Ask me not to sing of glory.
For, by all the griefs I bear.
By these scatter'd locks so hoary
By our holy saint, I swear :
" Erin's harp shall ever slumber,
Never whisper through the vale
Never breathe a tuneful number
Pregnant with dishonor's tale.
" Fallen are the chiefs of Erin,
Fallen in their country's cause.
Green their tombs are now appearing.
There her weeping daughters pause.
" When the night-blast scours the mountains.
When it murmurs through the groves.
Mournful by the dusky fountains,
Emmet's shade in sadness moves.
" See it points to curst oppression !
Hark ! its shrieks arrest the gale !
Hurl your thunders on aggression.
Bid your warriors fill the vale.
" Veterens rouse ! and save ' your nation !
Hark ! the trumpet calls to arms 1 "
" Stranger ! calm this perturbation.
Here no martial trump alarms."
In his eyes where fire was beaming.
Now appeared the tear of grief,
" No," he sighed, " I was but dreaming,
Erin groans without relief.
" But I'll feed the fond reflection.
Days of other months review
Call again to recollection.
Dear companions that I knew.

t OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 287
" Now opprest by power and vi'lence.
Not a harpstring breathes a tone,
Wrapt in sorrow, thought, and silence,
Erin's hapless minstrel's moan.
"Sing of Erin's glory? madness!
Would our Saint accept the lay ?
No — devote to sUent sadness
This our patron's festive day." SeUm.

The foUowing contribution was published in " The Colum
bian '; (N. Y.), March 17, 1814:
For the " Columbian."
Hibernia, Her Station.
Tune, " St Patrick's Day in the Morning."
[If it wiU go to it.]
When Teague and his comrade were banished from Erin,
With heart-rending sighs, and melting in tears.
They mourn'd the sad lot of their ill-fated nation —
The seat, once, of learning, for thousands of years;
For the day-star of liberty, then in its bloom,
Show'd a track to the footstep of tyranny's tomb,
And reform shone a light to the will of the nation —
Whilst hope, smiling hope ! gave old Ireland her station,
On Patrick's day, &c.
Hail, Hail ! ye blest lands of Columbia and Erin !
The Eagle and Shamrock shall have the applause ;
Fair freedom we cherish, her sons we will nourish.
Protected by truth, equal rights, equal laws :
May the power who'd oppress, or would tear us asunder,
Be blotted forever from glory's bright name;
For on St. Patrick's day, Yankee Doodle we'U play.
With hearts all rejoicing that freedom bears sway.
On Patrick's day, &c.

288 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Come rouse, you brave sons of Hibernia's green isle,
Where mirth and good humor the dull hours beguile,
St. Patrick let's toast, in a full flowing bowl.
That true social Saint, that gave joy to the soul:
May the children of Grana, in what clime they be,
Like us, still be happy, united and free,
With the harp playing sweetly, melodious to hear.
To welcome with joy, the next coming year.
On Patrick's day, &c.

On March 6, 1818, " The Columbian " (N. Y.), had this:
For the " Columbian."
For the 17th of March.
Motto — " You are all my own Children," says Granu Wale.
Tune — " Patrick's Day in the Morning."
Ye sons of Saint Patrick we are now met together.
Contented, united, quite happy and free.
Our friends in Hibernia will always remember
This day with devotion, with hearts full of glee.
Tho' banish'd and exil'd from dear native Erin,
The harp sounds its dirge on American soil,
And touches the heart and the song full with measure,
That links and that joins hearts and hands together.
On Patrick's Day in the Morning.
Old Granu was wise when she gave us a lesson.
Of which all Good Irishmen ought to avail,
The truth it is simple, not touching a dimple.
You are all my own Children says Granu Wale.
Then fill up your glasses, the time quickly passes.
Let the Shamrock be drown'd with mirth and delight.
With the Green Flag its Standard, we'll Nobly Extend It,
By the Shamrock and Eagle it shaU be defended.
On Patrick's Day in the Morning.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 289
Hibernia, old Erin, we have not yet forgot you.
Our dear native country, our dear native shore,
May Freedom and Friendship and Conviviality
Bless the Green Island with whiskey galore.
Let the hand that would touch the three leaves of the Sham
rock,
Or entwine her sweet daisies 'gainst Liberty's shrine,
Soon meet with a halter, his tongue to make falter.
Till St. Patrick himself shall cause things to alter —
Then Paddy's resource shall have its free course
On Patrick's Day in the Morning.

In the " Evening Post " (N. Y.), March 21, 1828, we find
another contribution, viz. :
For the " Evening Post."
Song for St. Patrick's Day— 1828.
Tune—" Auld Lang Syne."
Come — fill to Erin and her fame !
Tho' far from her green fields.
Our hearts — our swelling hearts may claim
The pride her glory yields,
Tho' dark roll Ocean's thousand waves
Upon her distant shore.
The land that holds our fathers' graves
Shall memory still restore.
The friends we left — the scenes we lov'd
In early freshness rise;
And like warm tears, when souls are moved.
They dim yet bless our eyes.
Again we hail the morning smoke
Of home's dear hallowed hearth;
We hear the lark's blithe strain that woke
To life^ — to love — to mirth!
19

290

EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Oh! fair and far the vision glows;
Home's greeting throng appears :
Once more we pluck the sweet wild rose.
We pluck'd in other years !
Its balmy dew is on our cheeks.
Pure, trembling, glist'ning, clear.
Ah ! no — ^too plain the moisture speaks
'Tis still the Exile's tear !
Yet fill — ^fiU high — ^while memory's light
That tribute tear illumes
'Twill lead her wand' rer, e'en at night.
Where Erin's shamrock blooms.
Still fadeless wreaths shall learning 'twine
From bowers of her green Isle;
Like day's broad light, her fame shall shine, —
One universal smile! S  An Irishman's Son.

Song
Sung for the Hibernian Society in New- York,
March 17, 1804.
Tune — " Let the toast pass."
Here's to the Land where our forefathers dwelt.
Dear Erin's the spot that I mean, sirs;
Here's to the Heroes whose blood has been shed
By endeavouring its rights to maintain, sirs.
May Ireland be free and as happy as we.
May her Sons and her Daughters enjoy Liberty.
Here's to the Fair that adom that Isle,
May their Virtue protect them from danger;
In Freedom's great cause they've embarked with a smUe,
May no ruffianly Soldiers assail them.
May Ireland be free and as happy as we,
May her Sons and her Daughters enjoy Liberty.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 291
Here's to this Land where for shelter we've fled,
Where an asylum found among strangers.
May its Children find shelter in every shed,
America's the country I mean, sirs.
May Ireland be free and as happy as she,
May her Sons and her Daughters enjoy Liberty.
Here's to those Friends now assembled around.
And here's to this great Institution.
May it long prove a blessing to Erin's poor Sons
That have suffered from foul persecution.
May Ireland be free and as happy as we.
And may Patrick and Tammany ne'er disagree.

At the celebration by the Hibernian Provident Society,
New York, in 1806, " Mr. Swiney favored the company "
with a song " composed for the day by Doctor MacNeven."
The "Columbian" (N. Y.), in the issue March, 11, 1812,
has the following: From the " Shamrock."
The following song, to the tune of " The Sprig of Shillelah
and Shamrock so Green," is the production of Mr. M'Farland,
and inscribed by permission to the " Juvenile Sons of Erin."
You may talk of your dons, or your Briton's proud birth.
We boast of old Ireland, the land of true mirth.
With the dance, and the song, and the shamrock so green;
Whose generous welcome to strangers so free.
Whose candor and friendship gives zest, fun and glee;
With hearts gay expanded, without any guile.
At the shamrock's appearance each face gives a smile.
At the dance, and the song, and the shamrock so green.
We bless the great land of our green emerald isle.
Where mirth and good humor the dull hours beguile.
With the dance, and the song, and the shamrock so green.
Where the harp plays so sweetly, enraptur'd each lay
Its melody swells on St. Patrick's day;

202 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Whose sons in the field, at the dance or the song.
Excel the old Spartans, when joined in a throng.
At the dance, and the song, with the shamrock so green.
Hail, hail happy friends of Columbia's free-land.
Where freedom's brave sons unite heart and hand,
At the dance, and the song, with the shamrock so green;
Then let us be cheerful, and always agree
This land to keep happy, united and free;
May mankind be blest, and enjoy equal laws.
And always triumphant in liberty's cause
With the dance, and the song, and the shamrock so green.

The Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York, listened to the
foUowing song at their observance in 1812:
Original Song.
Tune — " Hermit of Killarney."
When roUing orbs from chaos sprung,
A guide for the oppress'd;
One sparkling star kind nature flung
And fix'd it in the west;
Admiring miUions view its flight.
And hail it from afar;
Enraptur'd, bless its cheering flight.
They call it Freedom's Star.
Beneath its influence, deserts wild
Are deck'd in Eden's bloom.
It makes the wintry tempest mild,
Deep forests cease to gloom;
And man erect, with eye of fire,
Th' oppressor's threats can dare.
May to man's dignity aspire,
And bless his Freedom's Star.

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 293
It can a brighter mantling glow
O'er blushing beauty shed,
A smile of heavenly radiance throw
A halo round her head;
The warrior rouse thro' tented field
To drive the rapid car.
Whilst tyrants pale and trembling yield
To Freedom's Blazing Star.
Then sweep, ye Bards, the sounding lyre,
In animating strain;
Sages consume with pens of fire
The fell oppressor's chain;
Then to the field ye brave and free.
Nor dread the storm of war ;
Your guide to victory shall be
Dear Freedom's Blazing Star.

The Juvenile Sons of Erin, just mentioned, were also
treated in 181 2 to this : Original Song.
Tune — " Carolan's Receipt."
On bleak Benhedden's frowning steep.
All clad in green a female form ,
Appeared, as waking from a sleep.
To raise her head amidst the storm;
Like one she seemed of hope bereav'd,
Loose waved her streaming cloudy hair,
Her snowy bosom deeply heaved.
Her features wore the gloom of care;
A half strung harp beside her lay.
Which to the gale responsive rung;
Bright flash'd her eye a fiery ray.
And thus green Erin's genius sung:

294

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

"Ah! who hath torn the blooming bays
Which wav'd so graceful on thy brow?
The harp sung deeds of other days,
111 fated Isle, where are they now?
From yonder hill the brave descend,
Barombe the daring phalanx guides
Loud cries of death the welkin rend.
As through the stately ranks he rides:
The sons of Scandinavia came.
Fierce as their stormy, wintry waves;
They came for plunder and for fame.
In yon fam'd field they found their graves."
Play'd o'er her face a smile of pride,
A brighter fire shot from her eye,
" Still hope, my sons," enwrapt she cried,
"For Erin's fame shall never die.
Behold ! and hail yon patriot band.
That firm the threats of tyrants brave ! !
Like Erin's rocks the heroes stand
Which dash to foam th' assaulting waves —
Let Union, Union, be the word.
Three on one stalk united strong.
Draw, for the harp, the flaming sword
And dare the world to do you wrong."
Speaking of the two foregoing songs a note says : " The
foregoing songs are the production of our countryman Mr.
M'Creery, of Petersburgh, Va. The first was sung by Mr.
Riley, in a superior manner, and the second was intended to
be introduced by the same gentleman with piano accompani
ments; but unfortunately the instrument got so injured in
removing to the rooms, that it could not be used. Mr.
Moffat, in his usual style, suppUed the deficiency with bis
clarinet, amidst the enthusiastic plaudits of the company."

The two following odes were composed for the centennial
anniversary of the Boston Charitable Irish Society, 1837.

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 295
They were sung, at the exercises on that occasion, by a select
choir, accompanied by a band.
ORIGINAL ODE.
By Rev. Mr. Pierpont.
Air " Paddy's Land."
To the Emerald Isle, where our kindred are dwelUng,
And where the remains of our forefathers sleep.
Our eyes turn to-day with the tears in them swelling ; —
But -why are we sad, who this festival keep ?
We weep not for ourselves ; — for our fathers, our mothers,
Whom we ne'er shall see more; for our sisters, our brothers.
Whom we hope to see yet ; O, yes, and for others
We may not name aloud, — 'tis for these that we weep.
Poor Ireland ! how long shall thy hardly earn'd treasures
Be wrung from thy hand, that a priesthood may gorge.
Who, year after year, are abroad on their pleasures.
Or swelling the train of a William or George !
'Tis not so with thy sons on this side of the Ocean;
Here we open our hands from the grateful emotion
We feel to our priests, for their zeal and devotion,
In removing our sins and the fetters they forge.
At evening the blue eyes of many a maiden
In Erin are lifted to look at the star.
That is hung in the west ; and the night wind is laden
With sighs for the loved one beneath it afar.
Girls of the green isle, O do not deplore us !
In our visions ye're swimming, like angels, before us.
And the Being whose shield of protection is o'er us,
Hath not made the deep an impassable bar.
Though absent, the fount of our faith is not frozen.
While we live, of its upwelling waters we'll draw.
For the maids that we love, for the land that we've chosen,
Where freedom is nursed at the bosom of law.

296

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

"Land of the free! for the shelter thou'st given
To those whom the storm of oppression has driven
From their homes, may a blessing be on thee from Heaven,"
Say the sons and the daughters of Erin go bragh.
ORIGINAL ODE.
By Thomas Power, Esq.
Air " Gramachree."
There rose a light in western sky
One hundred years ago;
It beamed from Pity's melting eye
To calm the sufferer's woe:
The exile from his native shore
Beheld the gentle light.
And dear the hope its promise bore
Upon the wanderer's sight.
From hearts that felt a brother's pain.
The holy bond was given.
To whisper soft compassion's strain.
As breathing airs of Heaven :
And then the tearful exile found,
While hope his bosom fills,
The harp that gives the sweetest sound.
Was tuned on Erin's hills.
When tired and faint the wanderer finds
The soul of pity here.
The wounded heart it gently binds,
And dries the trembling tear.
Be mercy's free and sacred boon
Upon our altars laid.
In fortune's bright, unclouded noon.
Or sorrow's deepening shade.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 297
The thoughts that spring from kindred hearts,
That own a common tie,
Shall live tUl life's best hope departs,
Or sorrow's tear be dry;
And memory stUl shall linger round
The thought that wildly thrills;
The harp that gives its sweetest sound,
Was tuned on Erin's hiUs.

CHAPTER XXIX.
Curious and Interesting Odds and Ends — ^An Ordinance Passed "To
Prevent Improper Conduct on Certain Days " in New York— A Copy
of the Ordinance — Petition from " Saint Patrick " for its Better Enforce
ment — Irish Naturalized Citizens Present an Address to De Witt Qinton
— Other Entertaining Incidents.
In 1803, an ordinance was passed in New York city spe
cially designed " to prevent improper conduct on certain
days," St. Patrick's Day being one of them. Indeed, this
day is specifically mentioned in the ordinance, a copy of
which is here given. It can be found in the N. Y. " Evening
Post," the " American Citizen " and other papers of March
16, 1803. It has been frequently republished, and reads as
follows :
An ordinance to prevent improper conduct on certain
days. I. Be it ordained by the Mayor, Aldermen, and Common
alty of the city of New- York in Common Council convened,
That if any person shall, on the Seventeenth day of March,
commonly called St. Patrick's Day, or any other day, carry
or drag through or along the street, alley or highway, within
this city, or shall exhibit to public view in any street, alley
or highway, or from any window, roof of any house, or other
building, or shall exhibit to public view in any place, or in
any manner within this city, an effigy of St. Patrick, or any
other titular saint, or of any person or persons whomsoever,
or any shew of a similar kind, whether the same is intended
as an effigy of St. Patrick or any other titular saint, or any
person or persons, or whether the same is disguised to ridi
cule such titular saint, or any person or persons whomsoever,
he or she shall forfeit and pay for each offence the penalty of
Ten Dollars, to be recovered with costs of suit.
2. And be it further ordained. That every person who shall

EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 299
be aiding, assisting, or countenancing any such transaction
as aforesaid, shall be deemed to have acted contrary to this
ordinance, and shall, for each offence, forfeit and pay the like
penalty, to be recovered as aforesaid.
3. And it is further ordered. That if any person who shall
contravene this ordinance shall be a minor, an apprentice, a
bound servant, or a slave, his or her parent or guardian,
master or owner, as the case may be, shall be deemed liable
to pay the penalty so incurred, and shall and may be prose
cuted for the same as aforesaid.
A true copy of its original T. Wortman, City Clerk.
With reference to the foregoing ordinance, this facetious
petition from " Saint Patrick " appears in the " Chronicle
Express," March 17, 1803: Wednesday, March 16.
To the Editor of the " Morning Chronicle,"
My dear Crature.
By just inserting the following little bit of petition,
you will confer a lasting obligation on An Afflicted Saint.
To the honorable the mayor, aldermen and commonalty of
the city of New- York, in common council convened.
The petition of Saint Patrick, of the kingdom of Ireland,
most respectfully sheweth:
That, whereas it has been a custom prevailing since time
immemorial, among the young, ragged, and sunburnt order
of citizens in this city, to testify their respect and veneration
of your petitioner, by forming, on the 17th day of March,
solemn and splendid processions, and (with shouts and other
vehement expressions of joy, highly pleasing and grateful
to the citizens,) " carrying or dragging through or along the
streets, alleys and highways within this city," various pretty
effigies of rags and straw, decorated with potatoes and cod
fish, whereby your petitioner was most honorably repre
sented.

200 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
And whereas, it has pleased your honourable body, in the
plenitude of your care and tenderness for the public wel
fare and tranquility, among other decrees of equal wisdom
and importance, to publish an ordinance, prohibiting under
penalty of ten dollars, all such magnificent testimonies of
public respect, (as they were calculated to instil into the
minds of the young and vulgar a taste for shew and parade,
highly dangerous to the prosperity of a republic.)
And whereas your said most gracious and laudable decree,
in the magnitude of its beneficial influence, doth not extend
to the abohshing of a custom also established, since time im
memorial, by the aforesaid young, ragged and sun burnt
gentry, of " carrying and dragging through or along the
streets, alleys and highways within the city," on the i8th
day of March, the effigy of your petitioner's beloved wife
Shelah ; your prohibition being against the carrying or drag
ging the effigy of St. Patrick, or any other titular saint, per
son or persons whomsoever — and Shelah (dear jewel) not
having the good fortune to be either saint or person at all,
at all.
And whereas your humble petitioner hath not enough of
the modern husband in his composition to be satisfied with
having his wife gallanted about the streets by any other
person but himself — especially without his being present :
Now therefore, your petitioner most humbly, respectfully,
and earnestly entreats and prays your honourable body, that
amidst the many important considerations with which your
honourable body is continually engaged, that it would please
your honourable body to listen to the private distresses of
your distressed petitioner; and insert a little bit of a clause in
your aforesaid highly important and valuable ordinance;
where is shall be decreed, that your petitioner's beloved wife
Shelah, aforesaid, shall not be allowed to appear in public on
the day aforesaid, but shall stay at home and console her con
fined husband; otherwise your petitioner much fears that ,she
will exhibit herself about the city, to the annoyance of your
most honourable body's most humble petitioner.

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 301
And your petitioner further prays, that it may be explained
by your honourable body, that any person who carries a
potatoe or cod-fish on the end of a stick, pole, or any other
thing, or in any other manner, on the day aforesaid, shall
come within the sense of your most gracious decree aforesaid.
And also, that if any bull shall be found running " through
or along the streets, alleys, or highways within this city," on
the day aforesaid, he shall be slain for the benefit of the poor
of this city.
And so bad luck to the man that eats bull beef on that day.
And your petitioner, as in duty bound, will forever pray.
Saint Patrick.
An anonymous individual, subscribing himself " An Irish
man and a Citizen," in " The Columbian " (N. Y.), April 6,
1 810, takes an excursion into the field of ethnological analy
sis. He finds, he says, " three very distinct classes of Irish "
in this country. His sentiments are here presented for what
they are worth. It will be noticed that some poUtical acri
mony enters into his expressed views. He says : —
" * * * It cannot escape an attentive observer that
there are three very distinct classes of Irish in this country.
Those who were here before the war, who remained in the
British lines, grew rich and now assume a sort of aristocratic
importance as advocates of the subordination and distinc
tions of the British system. These men are tories here,
and would be Orangemen at home; and though occasional
arrivals of these parricides add somewhat to a number never
very great, the whole tribe is sinking rapidly into insig
nificance. These are the men who entertained Mr. Jackson ;
who composed the union that extinguished the independence
of their native country, and who never can be devoted
friends to America in a competition with England.
" Next to them are the persons who emigrated from Ire
land previously to her noble struggle for the national eman
cipation. They are, for the most part, friends to liberty, but
do not possess the enthusiasm or the ardor of their revolu-

202 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
tionary compatriots. They have been long naturalized, and
very justly claim a participation in the privUeges and other
benefits of a condition, the duties of which they are bound
equally with any native citizen to perform. Aniong them
we may look for the same motives of conduct, and, at times,
the same tergiversation in the pursuit of interest that we see
so abundantly among Americans. In their class particularly
may be reckoned a couple of individuals who are supposed
to have been lately seduced from the republican party in this
city. As to one of them, however who neither holds nor
seeks an office, (the boast of the English partizans) Cheet
ham will probably be confounded on the day of election.
We cannot yet believe that Mr. M'Kay will be duped by the
specious but perfidious designs of an apostate and a traitor
to freedom ; yet if he should be tempted to act so inconsistent
a part, we predict to him that he will find it the grave of his
reputation. " The third, and by far the most important portion of the
Irish, consists of those who were driven from their native
soil in consequence of the unsuccessful efforts for the libera
tion of their country. These are, generally speaking, men
of bold and decided characters, lovers of liberty, not only
with the conviction of reason but the ardor of passion. A
handful of them is worth a legion of all the rest, for any pur
pose of enterprize or action. Let the agents of England by
what arts they may, nay, let them blend ever so much truth
with the artifices by which they endeavor to irritate and
lead astray, these men will be ever proof against the seduc
tion, and fiy from the touch of British machination as they
would from pestilence or dishonor. Like all men of strong
feelings they may be sometimes intemperate, but what they
never will be, is willfully and knowingly opposed to the prin
ciples or practice of representative government, as estab
lished in these United States. " An Irishman and a Citizen."
Retracing our steps from ethnology and poUtics back to

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 303
St. Patrick's Day, we find this advertisement in " Riving
ton's Royal Gazette," of March 20, 1779:

Taken down on Wednesday the 17th day of March, be
tween II and 12 o'clock from the house of William Dealling,
Hair Dresser, in Maiden Lane, by some mischievous person
or persons, a long Barber's Pole
With a yellow Nob at the end of it-^The Serpents who took
it down are supposed to have been drinking St. Patrick, for
they threatened to carry the Rascal to the Main-Guard,
meaning my Pole, and which is said to have been made use of
by a great fat Butcher, as a Walking Stick, but whoever has
got the Pole, and will bring the same Nob and all compleat
to the owner, shall be dry shaved, and put into queue for their
trouble. 
Whether the owner ever recovered the pole, history
doesn't state.
In the " Daily Advertiser " (N. Y.), March 16, 1797, we
find this : Take Notice
This Day the 16 Inst. wUl be Exposed for Sale
The Beef of a Heifer
known by the name of The Maid of the MiU — reared and
fatted by Mr. Messer of New-Jersey — pronounced by the
best judges to be the superior of anything of her kind ever
slaughtered in the State of New York.
The Sons of Hibernia and Citizens in general are invited
to call at the Stall, No 44 Fly-market, to gratify the sight if
not the palate. John Fink.
The New York "Daily Gazette," Thursday 18 March,
1790, states that " yesterday, being St. Patrick's day, the
same was celebrated by the St. Patrick's Society of this city,
at the City-Tavern. Several of the officers of the different

204 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
societies were invited, and a number of the most respectable
characters were present. The day was spent in conviviality
and closed with harmony."
The following card is found in the " DaUy Advertiser,"
March 14, 1800: St. Patrick's Society
The Members of the Society of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, will please to take notice, that their Anniversary
Dinner will be at the Tontine Coffee House on Monday
March the 17th, at 4 o'clock.
In " The Columbian," (N. Y.), March 30, 1810, is " An
extract from the Albany ' Register ' showing the proceed
ings of the St. Patrick's Society at Albany on March 17,"
that year.
In the New York "Gazette," Monday, 18 March, 181 1,
and "The Evening Post," Saturday, 16 March, 181 1, is the
accompanying card :
St. Patrick's Society
The Members of the Society of the friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, will please to take notice, that their Anniversary
Dinner will be held at the Tontine Coffee House, on Mon
day, the 1 8th inst.
Dinner will be on the table at 4 o'clock.
R. R. Waddell, Sec'ry.
" The Western Star and Harp of Erin," (N. Y.), Satur
day, 18 July, 1812, mentions the toasts of the Hiberniaij
Provident Society, at its dinner of 4 July, 1812.
Looking through the files of " The N. Y. Columbian,"
and also those of "The Commercial Advertiser," we find,
March 16, 181 5, the accompanying Notice
This Evening (i6th instant) at eight o'clock, a Meeting
will be held at the Mechanic Hall, of Irish Naturalized Citi-

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 305
zens, to take into consideration the most suitable mode of
testifying their obligations to the late mayor of the city,
Dewitt Clinton, Esq. Those who are friendly to this object
are respectfully invited to attend.
Speaking of this meeting. New York papers state that
" At the meeting of the naturalized Irishmen William James
MacNeven was chosen chairman, and Charles Christian
Secretary. An address to Dewitt Clinton was adopted, and
presented to him on March 18 by the following committee
appointed for that purpose — Thomas Addis Emmet, Dennis
M'Carthy, WiUiam James MacNeven and Charles Christian."
To these Clinton made an appreciative reply.
In the " Public Advertiser," (N. Y.), Wednesday, 4 AprU,
18 10, is an exhortation to Irishmen to support the Republi
can party.
In the " Columbian," (N. Y.) Tuesday, 10 April, 1810, is
a communication from " Common Sense " warning Irish
men that Cheetham of the " Citizen " is trying to influence
them to gain their votes.
"The PubUc Advertiser," (N. Y.) Thursday, 12 April,
1810, has a communication, in favor of Republicanism, from
" An Irishman of the Sixth Ward " to " Naturalized Irish
men." " The Columbian," Saturday, 14 April, 1810, publishes a
communication from " A Son of Erin " to the " Adopted
Citizens," advising them not to follow Cheetham and the
Federalists. "The Columbian," AprU 21, 1810, and from day to day
until the election (April 24-26) has been decided contains
appeals to Irishmen to vote the Republican ticket, and warns
them against the Federalists.
On Feb. 28, 1809, this notice appears in " The Public Ad
vertiser," (N. Y.) :
Hibernian Provident Society.
A regular meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society will
be held on Thursday Evening next, at 7 o'clock precisely, at

,q(5 early celebrations
the Union Hotel, 68 WUliam street. The election for offi
cers, and other business of importance takes place on that
evening — the members are therefore requested to be early
and punctual in their attendance. I. Redmond, Sec'ry.
In the " Public Advertiser," Thursday, 9 March, 1809, is
the following : Hibernian Provident Society
An extra meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society, wiU
be held This Evening, at the Union Hotel, 68 William street,
at 7 o'clock.
Punctual and early attendance is particularly requested.
By order I. Redmond, Sec'ry.
In the " Evening Post," (N. Y.), March 3, 1814, is this
notice :
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick
The members are requested to meet at the Tontine Coffee
House, on Monday the 7th March at 12 o'clock, for the
election of officers. N. M'Vickar, Sec'ry. i
In the same paper, March, 1814, this appears:
The Society of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
Dine at the Tontine Coffee House This Day the 17th
March. Dinner at Four o'clock. N. M'Vickar, Sec'ry.
On Feb. 28, 181 5, " The Columbian," (N. Y.), says that a
stated meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society " wiU
be held on Thursday Evening next, 2d March, when the
Election of Officers for the ensuing year (wUl take place).

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 307
A general and early attendance of the members is requested.
David Bryson, Sec'ry."
From the " Columbian," Thursday, 7 March, 1816:
Hibernian Provident Society
A meeting of the Hibernian Provident Society will be held
at the corner of Nassau and Little George sts. This evening,
at 7 o'clock. By order of the President. R. Swanton, Sec'ry.
N. B. The officers of the Society for the ensuing year will
be chosen at the next meeting. Punctual attendance is
therefore requested.
"The Columbian," Tuesday, 11 March, 181 7, announces
that The Shamrock Friendly Association is " requested to
meet This Evening at the usual time and place."
This notice is found in " The Columbian " of March 3,
1817: Shamrock Friendly Association.
The Society will meet on Tuesday Evening the 4th of
March, at the usual time and place. The punctual attend
ance of the Members is requested, as officers for the ensuing
year will be elected. By order, Alexander Pyke, Sec'ry.
March 7, 18 17, " The Columbian " has the following:^

Hibernian Provident Society
[By the following result of an election held last evening
for ofBcers for the ensuing year, it appears that Cornelius
Heaney, who now misrepresents the genuine republicans of

3o8 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
New- York, was rejected as a candidate against captain
M'Keon, by about 2 to i ! — Good ! and the harbinger of
better.] James IVt'Keon, President.
Robert Swanton, ist Vice President.
Dennis S. Kelly, 2d Vice President.
Thomas Foot, Treasurer.
David Bryson, ist Secretary.
William Cox, 2d Secretary.
Standing Committee.
Malachi M'Donough, Peter M'Gonigle, John Clancy, Wm.
Patterson. This result of president, &c. in a contested election, re-
fiects credit on the Society.

" The Columbian," Tuesday, 3 March, 1818, published this
notice : Shamrock Friendly Association.
A regular meeting of the Society wiU be held at the house
of Mr. Coghlan, No. 70 WiUiam-street, This Evening, at
7 o'clock, P.M. — at which time there will be an election of
officers for the ensuing year. By order. Alex. Pyke, Sec'ry.
"The Columbian," (N. Y.) Wednesday, 8 July, 1818,
shows that in the procession honoring the memory of Gen.
Mo'ntgomery, the Hibernian Provident Society w^as eighth,
and the Shamrock Society eleventh, in the line of march.
In the " Columbian," Saturday, 13 March, 1819, is a men- .
tion of a complimentary address to Gen. Andrew Jackson by
the Shamrock Friendly Association of New York, and the
reply of Jackson.

CHAPTER XXX.
William Murphy and his Address "To the People of the State of
New York" in 1809 — A Curious Old Pamphlet Reproduced — It Quaintly
Describes an Incident in the Career of the Hibernian Provident Society
— Showing that Political Issues were Sufficiently Potent to Cause more
or less Agitation at the Time.
In March, 1809, one WiUiam Murphy of New York city
brought out a pamphlet which he ambitiously addressed " To
The People of The State of New York." While it had no
connection whatever with the celebration of St. Patrick's
Day, it is here reproduced as a curiosity of the period. At
this distance of nearly a century, the subject matter of the
pamphlet looks trivial enough, but it was evidently consid
ered in a very serious light at the time when issued.
The pamphlet was probably widely distributed by the
author. The one before us is faded by age but is, otherwise,
in a good state of preservation. The following is a copy,
with a few typographical errors corrected :
To The
People of the State of New York.

The Hibernian Provident Society,
or
The Spanish Inquisition
Under Nine Directors.
SOME time in December, 1808, a private caucus was
held by the violent and turbulent members of said society,
to investigate J. O'Neale's political conduct in general, but
in particular the part he took at the last charter election in
the sixth ward. The caucus appointed a committee, viz. :

2IO EARLY CELEBRATIONS
Henry Eagles, (A.) George Cumming, commonly called
Dr. Cumming, and (B.) Thomas M'Kittrick.
The committee being composed of pretty good materials,
it was presumed would have done their duty; however, prior
to the first Thursday in January last, the regular monthly
meeting of said society, a friend of John O'Neale's informed
him of what was going on, and requested his, the said John
O'Neale's punctual attendance on said night. On the 5th
day of January, 1809, the first Thursday in the month, the
society met. — Swanton in the chair — ^J. M'Kinley, vice presi
dent — Ignatius Redmond, secretary — and continued in their
stations during the whole of the trial; their several conduct
and behaviour pending the same, shall be particularized in
the sequel.
The society having gone through the common routine of
business of the night, the caucus committee was requested
to give in their report. George Cumming, commonly called
Dr. Cumming, stood up and said that they had Aot sufficient
time to make the necessary enquiries, or to obtain sufficient
proof: it was then moved that two more be added to said
committee, when (C.) Mr. D. H. Doyle, of Front-street,
and Walter Morton, secretary of the Phoenix company,
were added to the committee. It was presumed by many
present, that the unexpected appearance of John O'Neale
that night, frustrated the plans of his accusers, for it ap
peared pretty evident that the accusers meant to try, convict,
hang, and decapitate the said O'Neale, at one time, and in
his absence; after going through the customary business of
the night, the society adjourned — so ended the first night of
the inquisition. Mr. Dennis H. Doyle, Mr. Matthew Byrne
and John O'Neale, went up WiUiam-street: Alexander
M'Beath, Archibald Ball, and I. Grey, went in company
part of the way.
Thursday Evening, February 2, 1809, the society met
agreeably to adjournment, when, after going through the
regular routine of business the charges against John O'Neale
were demanded, when Walter Morton, Phoenix Fire Com
pany secretary, brought forward the following charges.
" First. Aiding and assisting the election of one or more of
I' the federal candidates, at the late charter election in the
"^ sixth ward, and inducing republican electors, by misrep-
" resentations, to support the same."
"Second. Injuring the success of one or more of the re-

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 311
" pubUcan candidates at said election, by your general
" conduct, in keeping yourself, and notoriously endeavor-
" ing to keep others, separate from and hostile to their
" repubUcan feUow citizens."
" Third. Declaring and avowing your intention to vote, and
" actually voting for one or more of the federal candidates
" at said election. " By order of the committee,
" I. REDMOND, Secretary."
The charges being read, the above Fire Secretary, Wal
ter Morton, read a report, which for baseness of expression
and scurrility of language, must have convinced every one
present (the inquisitors only excepted) that it proceeded
from a character that would disgrace the most infernal ac
cusers of a Palmer, a Muir, or a Margarot, and that a char
acter that is capable of bringing forward such reports and
charges, &c. against a citizen of the United States, should
be held in the utmost horror and contempt by every citizen
who loves his country, and wishes to support the unbiassed
freedom of suffrage, and the welfare and prosperity of the
United States. Some time after, a man who goes by the
name of Dr. Cumming, stood up and said that it had been
reported that he was the person who had brought forward
the accusation or prosecution, at the instigation of a Clark
son Crolius, but denied the assertion. John O'Neale then
stood up and demanded the author of the prosecution, when
lo! Master David Bryson, currier, from the swamp, stood
up & informed the society that he had instituted the inquiry,
or rather inquisition, from reports and rumours he had heard
abroad. The same Master Bryson, Judas Uke, would wish
to hide behind the curtain, as long as common shame would
permit: however, the low, mean, dirty cunning he pursued
throug'h the whole of the proceedings, must convince every
worthy citizen that he is rotten at heart, and dangerous in a
society composed of independent citizens; his character re
minds the writer of Milton's poetic expression of — " that he
would sooner be first man in hell, than the second in
heaven." John O'Neale then demanded that the witnesses
against him be produced.
Mr. Alexander M'Beath — first witness produced — deposed
— That after the first meeting had broken up (say the 5th
of January) that he was going the same way, or in company
with John O'Neale, that he had heard him say that he had

212 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
voted for the federal assistant only, and that he, the said
John O'Neale, had said that he would not give that society,
or any other society, or any person, the satisfaction to know
how he had voted, that he was a freeman, esteemed the
elective franchise, and despised the society or person that
should question it — or words to that purport.
Second witness was Mr. Archibald Ball (who was likewise
in company) — deposed — That he had not heard John O'Neale
say, that he had voted for the federal assistant only, or words
to that purport, but that the said John O'Neale had said
that he had voted as he thought proper, nor would he give
any one the satisfaction to tell how he had voted, that he
loved the eledtive franchise too much to see its rights debased
by such villanous conduct.
Mr. J. Craige was the third witness called, whose testi
mony corroborated Mr. A. Ball's evidence. John O'Neale
was then called for his defence — who seemed to smile at
their proceedings — ^^but as Mr. Matthew Byrne was in the
room, and was in his company the whole of the time, called
on him.
Matthew Byrne — first witness on the part of the defend
ant — who declared that he had not heard John O'Neale say
a word about the federal assistant, but corroborated Mr. A.
Ball's evidence. Mr. D. H. Doyle, who likewise went
home in company with said O'Neale, will corroborate Mr.
Matthew Byrne's evidence.
Note. John O'Neale beUeves Mr. Alexander M'Beath
understood him so, he is in his opinion an honest, upright,
good citizen, that he acted from principle and belief (not
like some of his accusers) from vindictive motives and pri
vate quarrels on the presidential question, too cowardly to
attack him in the day, but not too base to assasinate him at
midnight's hour and that any difference in opinion, respect
ing the expression, was from a misconception of the words,
but not from the wickedness of the heart. Well would it be,
were all men governed by such principles.
Mr. Thomas Foot, builder — fourth witness — deposed —
That he did not live in the sixth ward, but that it was no
toriously known, that the said John O'Neale was guilty of
having voted for the federalists, and that such was the gen
eral opinion of his friends in that ward. John O'Neale an
swered and said that he presumed that he, the said Thomas
Foot, was notoriously known to be an honest man, and that
he, the said John O'Neale, was notoriously known to be a

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 313
great rogue. In justice to Mr. Thomas Foot it must be
mentioned, that he observed shortly after to the said John
O'Neale, that he had meant no such aUusion, and that he al
ways esteemed him to be a man of an upright and good
character, and hoped that the said O'Neale would take it as
such. Fifth witness — for the prosecution — a person commonly
called General Boyd, who began by telling a round-about
long-about, in-and-out tuff yarn, without either beginning
or end, top or bottom, but that he had heard such a thing
here, there, elsewhere, and no where. — All soap suds —
as the old General had a personal altercation with the
said John O'Neale at Martling's, respecting the presidential
question, &c. where O'Neale told him, the said General Boyd,
that the late Governor Clinton, now Vice President of the
United States was able, and did with' honor to himself and
country, command the army of the State of New York, when
the said General Boyd was not capable to drive a wagon, or
the said John O'Neale scarcely able to shoulder a musket.
(D) So much for the fifth witness — the Inquisitors, disap
pointed in all their plans, formed a new committee of accusa
tion, to consist of five. The committee to consist of, ist.
Walter Morton, secretary, fireman; 2d. Morrison, of the
house of Morrison & Nixon, William Street, who does not
love fire, tho' his eyes, through disappointment in many
instances, evinced it, while the body and Umbs trembled,
it is presumed, through disappointment (E). 3d. Major
M'Clure, who was, it is understood, affronted for meddling
and interfering at the sixth ward poll. The green major had
been painted on a ticket — device, " a constable's berth too
good for a green major." 4th. A Mr. John J. M'Donnell,
whose actions proved the citizen and gentleman. 5th. (F)
One Ignatius Redmond, clerk to the house of Stewart & Co.,
near the Coffee House. His conduct, during the trial, corre
sponded with that of a secretary to a persecuting inquisition.
We shall take more notice of this young man hereafter — The
committee being appointed, and the ordinary business gone
through, the society adjourned to meet the first Thursday
in March.
Thursday, March 2. — The Society met agreeable to ad
journment. The ordinary business being gone through, the
committee resumed the prosecution. Walter Morton, New-
York Phoenix Company's secretary, foreman, brought for
ward another report, signed by the committee of five, that

214 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
would disgrace the secretary Of a Nero, or the clerk of a
Marat; he read it fluently; he seemed to have studied it
well. He frequently expressed himself with that degree of
acrimony, virulence, and thirst of blood, that every citizen
in the room, (the persecutors only excepted,) must look
with horror at his pale, trembUng, shaking and treacherous
countenance during the proceeding. The ghastly picture
of Marat holding the bloody dagger in his hand, while Ro
bespierre was declaring that a third of the French nation
should be destroyed, to satiate the ambition and tyranny of
the other two-thirds, coiild not be better represented. —
Further, that the said Walter Morton, to fill up the cup of
folly and iniquity, did wantonly, maliciously, and treacher
ously accuse the adopted citizens of the sixth ward (the
Irish) of being a set of shufflers, political jugglers, and
base intriguers, &c. &c. John O'Neale, feeling indignant
at the villain's assertion, told him he was a d  d Scotch
scoundrel, (alluding to his base national reflection of the
sixth ward,) told him that he ought to be kicked out of the
room — nothing but the society being on particular business
at the time prevented it; he must remember that he has in
sulted the adopted citizens of the sixth ward. The charges,
reports, and minutes being read, John O'Neale observed, that
Master Secretary Ignatius Redmond had permitted a pal
pable error to creep into his minutes, either through igno
rance or design — to wit, that Alex. M'Beath, Mr. Arch. Ball,
Mr. J. Gregg, and Mr. Mathew Byrne's evidences were
nearly the same, whereas Mr. Alex. M'Beath asserted, as
fact, that J. O'Neale had said that he voted for the federal
assistant alderman only and the only one that was asserted;
Mr. Archibald Ball, Mr. J. Gregg, Mr. Mathew Byrne had
not heard him mention the word federal assistant in any
manner; however the young man's passion must have over
ruled his head or his pen — he had to alter the minutes before
the society. The trial resumed.
First Witness— Mr. Jacob Peterson, the present collector
of the sixth ward, and who was John O'Neale's opponent at
the late charter election, who deposed, that he had frequently
and currently heard it reported that the said John O'Neale
had supported the federal candidates at the late charter elec
tion; and further, that he had heard him say that he had and
did support the same, and that he would sooner vote for the
Devil than Clarkson CroUus. It is to be presumed that the
said Jacob must have been in one of his pensive meditating

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 315
moods at the time. It was not likely that John O'Neale
would disclose his sentiments (were they even such) to his
political opponent, or to a man with whom he had a personal
dispute at said election, respecting Alderman Janeway being
in the chair.(G)
Second Witness — Leonard Warner, partner of Mr.
Roome, the inspector of city repaii's, who deposed, that it
was generally understood by his friends, that John O'Neale
had supported the federal candidate or candidates at the late
charter election — ^that he the said Warner had frequently ob
served O'Neale's and Douglass' name on the same tickets —
that he the said Warner had observed that the .y in Douglass
was not well made, but was answered by some federal gentle
man that there was no danger, for that O'Neale knew how
to spell the name of Douglass too well to be mistaken ; fur
ther, that some of the federal gentlemen had made their
brags to him, that J. O'Neale was supporting them, but that
the federalists were deceiving him.
Third Witness was a Patt. M'Carty, who lives at the cor
ner of Bayard and Elizabeth-streets, who said that he had
heard a great deal of talk about the Madistonians and such
other queer names, but that it was reported, and he believed,
John O'Neale supported the people called Federalists. The
simple man, had he not laid bets and lost money about the
Madistonians, Federolians, and such other queer names, his
" perecranium " might have been less troubled. The five
witnesses produced on the 2d February were separately re
examined and corroborated their former testimony. The
evidence closed after a great deal of confusion, and pulling
from one side of the room to the other, when Boss or John
M'Kinley,(H) alias the Cowskin President took a very con
spicuous part. The Society divided on the question, whether
the next meeting should be on the first Thursday in April,
or the 9th of March :
March 9th  20 votes
April  19 votes
The Society adjourned to meet the 9th of March.
Thursday Evening, the 9th of March, an extra meeting of
the society was held agreeable to adjournment, when after
the President and Vice President had taken their seats, and
silence restored. Secretary Redmond having read the minutes
of the last meeting, John O'Neale demanded that the charge

,jg EARLY CELEBRATIONS
and the two reports of the celebrated committee, be likewise
read, which motion, though strongly supported by John
O'Neale's friends, much time and altercation took place be
fore the chairman could be prevaUed to put the question;
however, at length through fear or shame, he had to put the
question; the charges and both reports being read, John
O'Neale then demanded, which was likewise seconded, a copy
of both said reports, which, though frequently demanded,
and strenuously urged for. President Swanton (I) always
found means to waive the question, so partial was President
Swanton's conduct on the occasion — from such judges good
Lord deliver every free and independent citizen of the United
States. Mr. Morrison stood up three or four times to sup
port the charges of his famous colleagues, but was always
answered by some of John O'Neale's friends, though not
with the same liberty from the chair. Master Bryson and
Master Ignatius Redmond threw out all the low, mean, and
scurrilous insinuations they were C3.pable of doing. Master
Bryson in particular supported the infamous doctrine, that
the society must support the whole proceeding of the com
mittee of five, through thick and thin, otherwise the society
must fall; in which he was ably supported by the president,
aUas counsel for the prosecution, and vice president M'Kin
ley, aUas president Cowskin elect.
The worthy members of the society whom O'Neale is happy
to perceive were the most numerous and the most respect
able, feeling indignant at such unconstitutional and disgrace
ful conduct, demanded that the president should put the
question (with an intent to close the infamous inquisition
or persecution) that said John O'Neale should be immedi
ately expelled or considered a member (but though fre
quently put, was as frequently evaded by the chair;) the
prosecutors then moved that John O'Neale have leave to
withdraw, and be repaid what money he had paid, which
question was immediately put by the chairman, and carried;
however, the friends of O'Neale insisted and asserted that
he was a man of too much honor to receive it, nor would he
leave the society, and that he had instructed them [O'Neale,
on leaving the room, had instructed Mr. L. Powers, Mr. D.
H. Doyle, Mr. J. Lyons, Mr. Mathew Byrne, and others,
to move his expulsion from the said society, for he would not
gratify them, and disdained the wretch that would wish to
insinuate so base an action as for him to withdraw on such

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 317
a question] that as soon as he, the said O'Neale had left the
room, Mr. D. H. Doyle made the motion, that John O'Neale
be either expeUed the said society, or considered a member
as usual : but alas ! though supported by numbers, and num
bers calling for the question, the great counsellor could not
be prevailed to put the question — confusion, uproar and dis
grace were the order of the night — the inquisitors finding
that their infamous, diabolical and unconstitutional plans
would not be swallowed by the good and respectable part of
the society — grinned, trembled, and grew pale — one of them
however, had the courage to move for an adjournment — so
ended the inquisitorial proceedings of the supreme commit
tee, on the unjustness of the right of suffrage.
To the People of the United States, and the State of New
York in particular.
The writer of these remarks is certain that —
JOHN O'NEALE knows and believes it is a duty he owes
himself and his country (for he loves his rights, but still
more his country's rights) to expose to public view, the
wretch or wretches who would wish, from low, base, and
cowardly subterfuge, to destroy the independent liberty and
free suffrage of the good citizens of the United States of
America, and has, therefore, in behalf of an injured person,
undertaken to expose such base and ungenerous conduct.
If a stop is not put to the proceedings of such characters,
the liberty you now enjoy, the liberty that your forefathers
and some of you fought and bled for, would soon vanish:
yes, citizens, that such characters should have an asylum
in the bosom of our country, and turn traitors to its laws and
rights, is to be regretted: but, citizens, it is your duty to
mark them well, they have showed themselves enemies to
your independence, by their proving themselves enemies
to the freedom of elective franchise.
Under are the names of the persecutors, of course enemies
of the elective franchise.

George Cumming,

Persecut- f °f ^? ^^y^°^' ^
1-. I Charles Harford,
ing Com- -{ Major M'Clure,
Ignatius Redmond.

mittee.

Walter Morton,
Robert Swanton,
John Morrison,
John M'Kinley,
AS a member of the Hibernian Provident Society, and
one who has espoused the cause of John O'Neale, through

g EARLY CELEBRATIONS
the whole of his trial, to which I have paid the strictest at
tention, I thought it a duty I owed the public, the great body
of the society, and myself, to lay the particulars before the
community, in order to convince my fellow citizens, how
far the friends of O'Neale were justifiable in endeavouring
to espouse his injured character.
WILLIAM MURPHY.
New- York, March 29, 1809.
Notes. (A.)
Nr.* Cumming (if he may be so called) should not so soon
forget how he obtained his certificate as a practitioner of
physic, and what Mr. Nelson told him on the passage (aUud
ing to the names of the several drugs) — his ghastly looks
would have frightened a fool. (B.)
In justice to Mr. M'Kittrick — he took no part in the in
famous proceedings — it is said he despised the conduct of
the inquisition. (C.)
D. H. Doyle never acted with the said committee.
(D.)
It was shrewdly observed that had General Boyd been
appointed port surveyor, he would not have troubled himself
about John O'Neale. (E.)
Major M'Clure must recollect, that if he attempts again to
play the rogue's march at a citizen's door, that he must ex--
pect different treatment from the last. The major has since
been appointed an auctioneer for the city.
(F.)
Ignatius Redmond, who has a brother or some near rela
tion in the Nuisance office, acted with that degree of passion,
low malice and spite, in endeavoring to support the supreme
and uncontrolled power of the persecuting committee, that
must forever disgrace him in the eyes of every good citizen.
Such characters disgrace a free country. Further, John
* This was probably intended for " Dr."

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 319
O'Neale called on Ignatius Redmond for a copy of the
famous reports of Walter Morton ; at first Mr. Ignatius Red
mond promised to give them, when in presence of James
Lyons, said O'Neale called the next day, he was told that
Mr. Swanton thought it not proper to furnish them — so
much for rights. (G.)
Jacob Peterson has since declared, that though he opposed
John O'Neale at the late election, O'Neale had a right to
do as he thought proper, but that his accusers in the society
were a set of great tyrants, and should be very sorry to have
any thing to do with them. (H.)
J. M'Kinley it is presumed is termed boss, from the French
word bossu, alluding to an ignorant man carrying a load
on his back, and from want of judgment, not knowing how
to fix it, so as to prevent it from injuring the back, or rais
ing a white swelling. The Dutch expla.nation must be more
agreeable to his vanity than the French. Some people may
be surprised that the Society's business should be mentioned :
but the society, at the request of their officers, &c. permitted
persons, not members, to come and give evidence against
a member. To see boss M'Kinley, then vice president,
squaring his mallet at James Lyons, must have astonished
the strangers as much as Punch in the puppet-show would
amuse a set of children.
Robert Swanton's conduct on this night, and during the
whole of the trial, appeared so partial that Mr. James Lyons,
one of John O'Neale's friends, asked him whether he was
counsel for the prosecution, or president of the society.
John O'Neale observed to the said Swanton, perceiving him
to take great strides in his official capacity, occasioned either
through anger or disappointment — that he should take care,
for that he was breaking through the society's charter — ^but
was answered, Bashaw like, that he, the said Swanton, did
not care about the charter, or how soon it was broke. — Mush
rooms and great men start up very quick sometimes.
The President further observed that they had a case some
what simUar to this, some years ago, but not quite so flagrant.
Dr. R. who then belonged to the society, was charged with
similar errors, though not quite so heinous (they had the im-

320 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
pudence and ignorance to put the question for his expulsion,
but it was not carried :) the president further observed, that
the said Dr. R. gave the society no further trouble by his
presence; but the president was answered by O'Neale, who
said that what Dr. R. or Dr. W. did, was no criterion for
him to go by, that he was a soldier, and a man that would
assert his rights, that he was a citizen of the United States,
and would make them know how they interfered or arrogated
to themselves, any power over him.
Additional Notes.
A Charles Harford, a stripling lately from Washington,
seemed to snap & bite at the word federalist : he only showed
his teeth, but could not bite : poor young noodle, it would be
more becoming him to mind his employer's accounts (it is
understood he is a clerk in some office) than endeavour to
destroy an old republican of his right of suffrage. Puppies
must be chastised.
As to Morton, O'Neale had a personal altercation with
him at Martlings, on the general committee and on the presi
dential question; it is presumed, from the reception he re
ceived from O'Neale on said occasion, that it was expected
he would be fully gratified in the society — so much for
honour.

CHAPTER XXXI.
The Second War with England — Fifteen Hundred Irish Residents of
New York City Volunteer for Work on the Defences — A Day Specially
Assigned Them — They Form in Two Divisions and Embark for Brooklyn
— An Inspiring Scene at Fort Greene — Fourth of July Observances by New
York Irish Societies.
We have seen, in a previous chapter, how the Irish resi
dents of Providence, R. I., during the war of 1812-14, volun
teered to assist in the work of fortifying. A like move
ment took place in New York. We learn from " The
Shamrock " of Aug. 20, 1814, that

" The ofifers of personal services continue, with unabated
patriotism, to be tendered towards completing the works
for defence in this city. If the example of unanimity, evinced
by the citizens of New- York, will become general through
out the United States, we wUl have peace, an honourable
peace, and that, soon. It is the division of the citizens that
the enemy calculates on for success ; against a united people,
he knows he cannot prevail : a strong pull, a long pull, and a
pull altogether. Be this the maxim; peace, honour, and
liberty, the reward.
" This day being assigned for receiving the services of
"The Patriotic Sons Of Erin,
And their numbers being reported at about 1500, the whole
ground was assigned to them. At 5 o'clock this morning;
the whole body marched by wards, under their respective
officers, to the park, from whence, being formed into com
panies of 50 each, they marched in two great divisions. One

222 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
embarked at Beekman slip; the other at Catherine slip and
united at Brooklyn. They then proceeded to Fort Green,
where their posts were assigned them by the chief engineer
in compUance vrith a letter addressed to him by the commit
tee of defence, which we regret the unoccupied portion of our
paper will not permit us to copy at present.
" Their appearance was animated and orderly. Two
bands enUvened the scene, one of which was sent by Col.
Deniston who with several of his officers, joined in the ranks
of their countrymen.
" A great display of colours enUvened the scene : amongst
the moving standards, that of Erin poor Erin, was not forgot.
In the front of the procession waved a motto :
" ' We sought a country, we found one, we will defend it.'
" In the centre, surrounded by a group of American
colours was the Harp; at the close, a large silken standard
bearing a portrait of the late George Clinton, the trusty
soldier of America, the cordial friend of Irishmen. Each
grand division of about lOO men had a standard two of which
bore the names of Washington and Montgomery. The sons
of Erin [were] cheered by the citizens as they passed through
the streets of New York and Brooklyn. The Rev. Mr. Cook,
chaplain in the navy, accompanied the procession, carrying
a flag, with the motto, ' For God and our Country.' "
In " The Shamrock," Sept. 3, 1814, the following interest
ing item appears:
The Daughters of Erin Emulating Her Sons.
During the time, whUe 1500 of the sons of Erin were lately,
working at the forts erecting for the defence of this city,
some women were observed busily employed in laying sods
and driving pickets. One of them being asked, "What
brought you here?" she replied: "to assist in serving our
country. I am the wife of Bernard Kennedy. I glory and
boast of my employment." We are happy to be thus able
to designate one of these patriotic females; believing, as we

OF ST. PA TRICK'S DA Y 323
do, that the flame which warms her breast, burns also in that
of a great majority of her country-women.

A Fourth of July celebration in New York, in 1801, is thus
referred to by the " Daily Gazette," July 7 : " At a very
numerous and respectable Assemblage of impartial Patriots,
who, on Saturday last, celebrated the anniversary of Ameri
can Independence, at Esquire Hardenbrook's, the following
spirited sentiments were given, echoed and re-echoed with
thundering applause ! ! ! " Then follows the list of toasts,
the seventh being : " The Sons of St. Patrick — May no
future emigration of these generous patriots, be sacrificed
to the cruelty of a Captain, or the avarice of a merchant —
[Music—' Paddy Whack.'] "
Various Irish societies in New York city observed the
Fourth of July, at an early period, by participating in pa
rades and other celebrations. In the parade on July 4, 1804,
the Hibernian Provident Society was third in the line and
doubtless presented a fine appearance. On July 4, 1806, the
Society was seventh in line. In the Fourth of July parade,
1808, the Hibernian Society was sixth in line. In the
parade, July 4, 1810, the same organization was fourth in
line. Among the ceremonies after the parade was an ora
tion by Dr. Cumming of the Society.
After the parade, in 1810, the Hibernian Provident So
ciety dined at the Union Hotel, 68 WiUiam street. New
York. We find the following account of the event in the
" Public Advertiser," July 7, 1810:
" Having joined their fellow citizens of the different so
cieties in the Park, one of the most brilliant and numerous
processions ever witnessed in this city was formed, and hav
ing performed the duties of the day, agreeable to arrange
ment, the society returned to the Union Hotel, where an
excellent dinner was prepared for the occasion and altho' it
might be expected that men who suffered in the struggle
(tho' unsuccessful) to emancipate the country of their
birth, from the same ferocious tyrant from which this has

224 EARLY CELEBRATIONS
been freed, might sigh in secret for its failure, and their
brethren and friends still obliged to submit to the galling
yoke of slavery, yet all these feelings seemed to be lost in the
pleasing return of the happy day which gave birth to our
country, and to Liberty a resting place far from the tumults
of war and carnage. The cloth being removed, the * * *
toasts were drank, interspersed with original and patriotic
songs, during which were received and reciprocated depu
tations from the Tammany and Columbian societies."
The " Republican Greens " was a prominent military
corps in New York. The " Public Advertiser " has this
notice concerning it, under date of July 5, 1808:
National Independence
Yesterday being the anniversary of American independ
ence, " The first battalion of Republican Green riflemen,"
commanded by Major M'Clure, after performing their mili
tary duties, dined at the Union Hotel, and spent the day
with that mirth and good humour which should ever be the
characteristic of republican soldiers. The following toasts
were drank on this occasion, interspersed with appropriate
songs and martial music by their excellent volunteer band.
(Here follow 17 regular toasts together with volunteers.)
The " Greens " had a similar celebration the next year, as
thus told in the "Public Advertiser" July 6, 1809:*
Republican Greens
Tuesday being the anniversary of American Independence,
" The First Battalion of Republican Green Riflemen " com
manded by Maj. M'Clure, after performing their military
duties, dined at the Union Hotel, and spent the day with that
mirth and good humour which should ever be the character
istic of republican soldiers. The following toasts were drank
on the occasion with appropriate songs and martial music by
their admirable volunteer band." [Then follow the toasts.]
* The wording of the report, it will be seen, is nearly the same as that for
1808.

I^OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 325
In the Fourth of July parade, 181 2, the Hibernian Provi
dent Society was the third organization in Une. The same
day the Society held a grand dinner in honor of the Anni
versary. At the Fourth of July celebration in 1813, the
Hibernian Society was again third in the procession. In the
parade July 4, 18 14, the Society was second, the Tammany
Society being first.
At a celebration by the Tammany Society, July 4, 1809,
among the volunteer toasts was the following by the Grand
Sachem :
" Hibernian Provident Society. — A rock which waves of
faction can never shake; pure in its principles, patriotic in
its design, and benevolent in its operations — we tender to
them the right hand of brotherhood." — (3 cheers. Music.)
From " The PubUc Advertiser," (N. Y.), Saturday, i July,
1809: Hibernian Provident Society.
The Hibernian Provident Society will dine at the Union
Hotel, No. 68 William st. on the Fourth [of] July next.
Each member will be at liberty to introduce one or two re
publican friends on the occasion. Tickets to be had at the
bar, or at Mr. John Morrison's, No. 162 Pearl street.
An extra meeting of the Society wUl be held on Monday
evening next, at 8 o'clock precisely, for the purpose of com
pleting the arrangements for the celebration of the 4th July.
By order of the President.
G. Charles Herford, Secretary.
From " The PubUc Advertiser," Saturday, 8 July, 1809:
Celebration of the Fourth of July.
Hibernian Provident Society
After performing the duties of the day, returned to the
Union Hotel, No. 68 William Street, where an excellent din
ner was prepared by citizen James M'Keon. When the cloth
was removed, the following toasts were drank interspersed

326

EARLY CELEBRATIONS

vrith social and patriotic songs. (Here foUow 17 regular
toasts together with volunteers.) .
On July 6, 181 1, a communication in the " PubUc Adver
tiser " states that " The thirty-fifth anniversary of the inde
pendence of our country, was celebrated yesterday with an
encreased spirit of enthusiasm. On this occasion the Re
publican Greens, under the command of Major M'Clure, bore
a conspicuous part. After performing their military duties,
they partook of a dinner, and drank the following toasts,
accompanied by music, and some exceUent songs." (Then
foUow the toasts.)
From " The Public Advertiser," Monday, i July, 181 1 :
Hibernian Provident
Society.
An extra meeting of the Society will be held at the Union
Hotel (68 William street) at half past 7 o'clock this evening
for the purpose of making arrangements preparatory to the
celebration of the 4th. of July Inst, and to hear the report
of their committee. Punctual attendance is requested.
From " The Columbian," Saturday, 2 July, 1814:
Hibernian Provident Society.
The members wiU meet at half past eight, on Monday
morning, at Sagar's, corner of Nassau and George streets,
to join the patriotic citizens who venerate the day. " Amer
ica, sole exception in the Christian world," — possessing and
preserving independence — " 'tis therefore that We rejoice."
By order. David Bryson, Secretary.
In the New York parade, July 4, 1815, the Hibernian So
ciety was again second in the line. A notice in " The Colum
bian" (N. Y.), July I, 1816, reads as foUows:

OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY 327
Hibernian Provident Society.
An Extra Meeting will be held on Tuesday Evening, 2d
July, to complete their arrangements for Celebrating the
approaching National Anniversary.
The Society will again meet on Thursday morning, 4th
July at 10 o'clock. The members wiU then introduce their
republican friends, particularly those who have recently ar
rived, and who wish to join in celebrating the day.
David Bryson, Sec'ry.
The Hibernian Society, just mentioned, also took part in
the Fourth of July parades in 1817, 1818, 1819, 1820, and
in other years. Indeed, it seems to have been an annual
event for the organization to turn out on this occasion. In
the procession July 4, 1820, the Shamrock Friendly Associa
tion is also mentioned as being in line.
In 1818, the remains of Gen. Richard Montgomery were
removed from Quebec to New York and reinterred in the
latter city. The event was the occasion of a great proces
sion in New York, the Hibernian and Shamrock organiza
tions both taking part. Mention of the Hibernian Society
is also found in connection with the Fourth of July parades
in 1823, 1824, 1825, 1826 and 1827. For several years it was
second in line, the Tammany Society being first. In the
procession, July 4, 1825, however, the Hibernian Society was
the first in line. It was likewise first on July 4, 1827.
The following notice, concerning the Shamrock Friendly
Association, appears in "The Columbian" (N. Y.), July i,
1820: " A Meeting of the Shamrock Friendly Association will be
held at Mr. James Connolly's tavern, corner of Nassau and
Beekman-sts. This Evening, at 8 o'clock, to receive the re
port of the commitee of arrangement for the Celebration of
the Anniversary of Independence, and to transact other busi
ness. Tickets of admission to hear the oration, &c. on the
4th inst. will be delivered to such members as will attend the
meeting."

328 EARLY CELEBRATIONS OF ST. PATRICK'S DAY
From the New York " Gazette," July 4, 1831, we learn
that " In the parade of July 4, 183 1, the Erin Fraternal Asso
ciation of Brooklyn marched sixth and the Hibernian
Universal Benevolent Society seventh. After the parade,
during the services held by the paraders at the Paraclete
Church, Dr. P. Shannon of the Hibernian Society delivered
an oration." It is quite probable that the Erin Fraternal
Association had an annual celebration of St. Patrick's Day.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE.
SKETCHES OF MORE THAN 550 PEOPLE, OF WHOM
MENTION IS MADE IN THIS WORK.
The following biographical sketches relate to persons men
tioned in these pages. Some of these names were borne by
members of the societies herein referred to ; others, were those
of guests, while still others were mentioned in toasts at cele-
. brations under the auspices of the various organizations. In
preparing these sketches, no attempt has been made at minute
detail. A few salient points only are given, but they are
deemed sufficient for the purpose. A great majority of the
people. here mentioned were of Irish birth or extraction. Some
few, however, were not.
Adams, John, an Irishman who became prominent as a dry-
goods merchant in New York; was president of the Fulton
bank ; married a daughter of John Glover, of New York. In
1845-6 Adams was estimated to be worth $300,000. In 1835
John Adams, doubtless the one here described, was a mem
ber of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
Adams, John S., a member of the Hibernian Society, Charles
ton, S. C, 1799; vice-president of the same.
Adams, Samuel (Toast to) ; patriot of the American Revolu
tion; born in Boston, Mass., 1722; died there, 1803; opposed
the Stamp Act; matured a plan for a Continental Congress,
and was an active member of that congress; signer of the
Declaration of Independence; governor of Massachusetts,
1794-97. Adrain, Robert, an Irishman who became distinguished as a
scientist and educator. He was born at Carrickfergus, 1775.

230 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
He became a member of the Society of United Irishmen and
participated in the revolt of 1798. During this patriotic out
break he commanded a company in the Irish forces and was
wounded. The British government offered a reward for his
capture. He escaped, however, and made his way to the
United States. He reached New York during the yellow fever
epidemic. Later, he taught in an academy at Princeton, N. J. ;
became principal of York County Academy, Pa. ; had charge
of an academy in Reading, Pa. ; was professor of mathematics
and natural philosophy in Rutgers College ; became professor
of the same branches in Columbia College, New York, and
was, at one period, Vice-Provost of the University of Penn
sylvania. His son, Garnett R., was elected to Congress from
New Jersey in 1856 and reelected in 1858.
Alderchurch, Edward, a founder, 1737, of the Charitable Irish
Society, Boston, Mass.
Alexander, Joseph, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1827. J. Alexander, the secretary in 1828,
was probably the same individual.
All, Isaac, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia ;
captain of a merchantman which belonged to Mease & Cald
well. He became a member of the Friendly Sons, just men
tioned, in 1781.
Allen, Edward, one of the founders of the Charitable Irish
Society, Boston, Mass., March 17, 1737.
Alley, Saul, was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, as early as 1835. In 1845-6, he was estimated to be
worth $250,000. When a boy he was apprenticed to a coach-
maker and, later, became a "journeyman mechanic." He
came to New York city and engaged in the commission busi
ness, handling cotton and domestic goods. He had influential
friends in Charleston, S. C, who gave him credit and patron
ized his business. Among these was Mordecai Cohen, a
wealthy Jewish gentleman. Alley is. described, in 1845-6, as
having "retired several years ago."

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 331
AngeU, Israel (Mention of) ; a gallant soldier of the Revo
lution; born, 1741; died at Smithfield, R. I., 1832. He was
major in Hitchcock's regiment at the siege of Boston; was
promoted to colonel, Jan. 18, 1777; commanded the First
Rhode Island regiment (Continentals) during the rest of the
war. In his diary, " 17 March 1781," he says — writing of
West Point: "A great parade this day with the Irish," it
being St. Patrick's, " I spent the day on the Point and tarried
with the officers."
Armstrong, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1786. This was possibly Gen. John Arm
strong, Who was born at Carlisle, Pa., 1758, and died at Red
Hook, N. Y., 1843. He was an aide-de-camp to Mercer and
was later on the staff of Gates ; wrote the Newburgh Addresses
of Which so much has been said. He became secretary of State
of Pennsylvania and likewise Adjutant-General of the State;
wedded a sister of Chancellor Livingston, and removed to
New York; U. S. Senator 1801 to 1804; U. S. Minister to
France; was made Brigadier-General in 1812; became Secre
tary of War in 1813. Gen. John Armstrong had a brother,
Gen. James Armstrong, who may possibly have been the
" Gen. Armstrong " who was a guest in 1786. Gen. James
Armstrong was born about 1740 and took part in the Indian
wars on the Pennsylvania border. He was a patriot of the
Revolution and became a brigadier-general; was elected to
Congress ; died at Carlisle, Pa., 1795-
Arnold, Dr. William, a member, in 1835, of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York. He is mentioned as a dentist
at 24 Vesey St., that city.
Arnold, William, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1839-1840. He was probably the Dr. Wil
liam Arnold just mentioned.
Auchmuty, Robert, president of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, Mass., 1767, 1768 and 1769. Numerous sketches of
Auchmuty, published from time to time, describe him as
" Scotch." On one side, at least, he must have been of Irish

222 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
extraction, in order to have been elected president of the or
ganization mentioned. His son, Robert, was also a member
of the Charitable Irish Society. Both father and son were
able lawyers.
Austin, Joseph, admitted to membership in the Boston
Charitable Irish Society, 1739.
Bache, Richard, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; was also a member of the Hi
bernian Society, that city; born in England, 1737; died in 1811 ;
at one period was in partnership with John Shee, of Phila
delphia ; member of the Pennsylvania board of war ; inspector
of flour and meat for the patriot army; postmaster-general
of the United States.
Bailie, William, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, as early as 1805, and perhaps earlier. There was
a merchant of the name at 81 Water st.. New York.
Balfour, Miss, referred to as " Erin's patriotic child." A
toast in her honor was offered in New York city, March 18,
181 1, at a banquet of the Juvenile Sons of Erin, in which toast
was expressed the hope that : " May her harp still continue
its pleasing vibrations ; and when she takes her last slumber,
may the green turf over her breast vegetate the shamrock and
white daisy; the one emblematic of her country, the other re
sembling her own pure soul."
Ball, John, became a member of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, in 1749; was secretary of the same for a period of
seventeen years or over.
Barclay, John, an early member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa., and of the Hibernian Society of that
city; he was also a member of the Hibernia Fire Company,
born in Ballyshannon, County Donegal, Ireland; came to
America a short time prior to 1779; was a shipping merchant,
and became president of the Bank of Pennsylvania ; Mayor of
Philadelphia, 1791 ; member of the State Senate, 1810-14. He
died, 1816.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 333
Barclay, Thomas, born in Ireland ; became " a man of great
influence and respectability"; was president of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa., 1779-81 ; was appointed
U. S. Consul to the Barbary powers.
Barclay, WUliam, of the Friendly Sons of St Patrick, Phila
delphia, Pa.; a brother of Thomas Barclay, who was also a
member of the organization; William was born in Ireland;
became a merchant in Philadelphia; sailed for France on the
" Shillelah," 1782, and was lost at sea.
Barlow, Joel (Toast to) ; a native of Reading, Ct. ; born, 1775 ;
died near Cracow, Poland, 1812; Congregational minister;
chaplain in the patriot army, 1778 to 1783; wrote patriotic
songs for the soldiers. After the war he settled at Hartford,
Ct., studied law and Was admitted to the bar ; became a citizen
of France ; was U. S. Consul at Algiers, 1795-7. He came back
to the United States in 1805 and erected a residence near
Washington, D. C. ; was appointed minister plenipotentiary
to France by President Madison. While on his way to take
part in a conference with Napoleon Bonaparte, at Wilna, he
died. Barnewell, George, this name may possibly have been
Barnewall. George was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, in 1793. In a New York directory for 1801 a
George Barnewall is mentioned as a merchant at 21 Wall st.
Barry, John, a distinguished naval officer ; born in the County
Wexford, Ireland, 1745; died in Philadelphia, Pa., 1803; was a
member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city, of the
Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, and of the Society of the Cin
cinnati. In 1776, Congress appointed him to the command of
the cruiser " Lexington " with which he captured the British
armed vessel " Edward," after a spirited action. The " Ed
ward " was the first vessel of war to be taken by a commissioned
officer of the American navy. In 1778 he was assigned to com
mand the frigate " Effingham," and subsequently commanded
the frigate " Raleigh," 32 guns. In 1781, he was given com
mand of the " Alliance," of 36 guns, and on May 29, that year.

224 BIOGRAPHICAL KEIERENCE
after a battle lasting almost an entire day, he captured two
British vessels, — the " Atalanta " and the " Trepassy." He also
participated in many other stirring events, and in 1794 was
designated as senior captain of the U. S. Navy. He had charge
of the construction of the frigate " United States " and was
assigned to command her. It is stated that while Barry was
in command of the " Effingham," Lord Howe tried to bribe
him to deliver the ship to the British, but the offer was rejected
with scorn.
Barry, M. O., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, 1841, 1842.
Bayard, Samuel, a member of the Hibernian Society, Phila
delphia; born in that city, 1761; died there, 1832; a son of Col.
John Bayard of the Revolution; was a merchant and importer;
president of the Commercial Bank, Philadelphia.
Bayley, William, was announced to deliver an oration at
Military Hall, 11 Spruce st.. New York, on March 17, 1824.
A William Bailie was a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, in 1805, and a WilHam BaUey in 1812. See
Bailie. Beane, John, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish So
ciety in 1772; was secretary of the same from 1796 to 182 1.
Belknap, Jeremy, clergyman and historian. He is men
tioned herein in connection With a St. Patrick's Day observance
by the Boston Charitable Irish Society in 1795, on which occa
sion he was a guest of the Society. He was born in Boston,
1744, and died there in 1798; graduated at Harvard in 1762;
was pastor of the Federal street church, Boston, at the time
of his death; founded the Massachusetts Historical Society;
an overseer of Harvard University; patriot of the Revolution;
opponent of slavery.
Bell, Shubael, a prominent member of the Charitable Irish
Society, Boston, Mass. He was corresponding secretary in
1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808 and 1809. He appears as treas-

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 335
urer of the Society in 1813, 1814 and 1815. He was president
of the organization in 1816, 1817 and 1819.
Bibby, Thomas, a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, as early as 1784; was a councillor of the
Society in 1790 and 1791.
Bigelow, John P., secretary of state of Massachusetts ; was
a guest of the Charitable Irish Society, Boston, at its centennial
celebration, March 17, 1837.
Birney, Charles H., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1843-1844, 1849-1850, 1851-1852, 1853.
Black, Moses, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish So
ciety in 1784; was president of the same, 1791, 1792, 1793, 1794,
1795. 1796, 1797, 1798, 1799 and 1800. Was treasurer of the
organization in 1801.
Blaine, Col. Ephraim, a son of Irish parents ; one of a family
of nine children. Ephraim was sheriff of Cumberland Co., Pa.,
1771-4; was a sincere patriot; assisted in raising a regiment of
Associators, and was made Lieutenant-Colonel; became Com
missary-General of Purchases early in 1778, and held the posi
tion for three years, during which time millions of dollars were
handled by him with strict probity; joined the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, in 1780. President Washington
was a guest at his house in 1794. Mr. Blaine was twice mar
ried. The late Hon. James G. Blaine, of Maine, was a des
cendant of his by the first marriage.
Blake, Valentine, as early as 1805 he was of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York. "V. Blake, merchant, 75
Broad st.," is heard from in New York in 1801.
Blood, Harris, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, 1821-1824.
Bohan, John, secretary of the Shamrock Friendly Associa
tion, New York, 1820.

33^

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

Bolivar (Toast to). Simon Bolivar was a Venezuelan
general and statesman ; born, 1783 ; died, 1830 ; participated in
extensive military operations ; was styled " Liberator " ; at
one period was Dictator of Peru.
Bond, Oliver (Toast to) ; an Irish patriot ; was arrested
March 12, 1798, at the instigation of the British government.
On the same day were arrested Thomas Addis Emmet, Dr.
Macneven and other prominent members of the Society of
United Irishmen.
Boudinot, Elias, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1783. He was of Huguenot extraction; born
in Philadelphia, 1740; died at Burlington, N. J., 1821; lawyer;
was made Commissary-General of Prisoners, by Congress, in
1777; elected to Congress the same year. In 1782, he became
President of Congress; superintendent of the U. S. mint;
trustee of Princeton College.
Boulton, George, admitted to membership in the Boston
Charitable Irish Society, 1738.
Bourke, Thomas, first secretary of the Hibernian Society,
Savannah, Ga., being elected to the position May 11, 1812.
He was chosen vice-president of the Society March 17, 1815.
Bowen, John, a resident of Baltimore, Md., 1795. He is
mentioned in connection with a St. Patrick's Day celebration
there that year, he being captain of the Independent Light
Dragoons. Boyd, Adam, one of the founders of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society, 1737.
Boyd, Hugh MacAuley (Toast to); born in Ireland, 1746;
died in Madras, 1791; was educated at Trinity College, Dublin;
became a political writer of note, and by some is said to have
been the author of the famous Junius letters. His real sur
name is stated to have been MacAuley.
Boyd, James, president of the Boston Charitable Irish So
ciety, 1833, 1836 and 1837. See page 17.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 337
Boyle, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, and of the Hibernia Fire Company; born in Ireland;
engaged in PhUadelphia in the linen trade; served with the
First City Troop, 1776-77.
Boyle, John, presided at a banquet in Baltimore, Md., March
17, 1813, at " Mr. Neale Nugent's Tavern."
Bozzaris, (Markos), Toast to; born about 1788; died, 1823;
a famous Greek patriot; became a member of the Hetseria,
1813; assisted Ali Pasha against the Porte, 1820; was made
a General in the army of Western Hellis, 1823 ; gallantly de
fended Missolonghi, 1822-23; was killed in a successful night
attack on a Turkish force.
Bradford, Cornelius; in the records of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, New York, we find that in 1785 the Sons dined
at " The Coffee House " conducted by Mr. Bradford in Water
St., near Wall. This was Cornelius Bradford who died Nov.
9, 1786. An obituary notice at the time read : " Died yester
day, much regretted, aged 57 years, of a bilious complaint,
Mr. Cornelius Bradford, a very worthy and respectable citi
zen. During the late struggle for American Liberty, Mr.
Bradford evinced his attachment to his country. His Coffee
House, in this city, under his management, was kept with
great dignity, both before and since the War. He has left a
disconsolate widow and several children to lament their loss."
Bradford, M., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, as early as 1787.
Bradish, Wheaton, a vice-president of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, New York, 1831. Longworth's " N. Y. Direc
tory," etc., 1832-3, mentions Wheaton Bradish as a merchant
at 43 Fulton st.
Brady, James T., a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York; born in that city, 181 5; died there, 1869;
an eminent lawyer; was appointed district-attorney of New
York in 1843, during temporary absence of M. C. Patterson,

338

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

and later became corporation attorney of New York; was
earnestly devoted to his profession; never married. In the
days of the old " Knickerbocker Magazine," contributions from
his pen frequently appeared in its pages.
Brian Boromhej also written Brian Borumha, and Brian
Boroimhe [Brian Boru], (Toasts to); king of Munster and,
later, monarch of Ireland; one of the most remarkable rulers
in history. In 1014, after defeating the Danes in several en
gagements elsewhere, he advanced against Dublin, and on
Good Friday, that year, engaged them in a great battle at
Clontarf. The forces are estimated to have numbered 20,000
on each side., After a desperate conflict, the Danish host was
utterly defeated and left many thousands dead on the field.
The Danes in Ireland never recovered from this final blow.
The battle of Clontarf, just mentioned, began about 8 a.m.,
and lasted until 5 p.m. Among the slain were twO' sons of
the King of Denmark, and many others of high rank. Many
gallant Irish officers were also killed. After the battle, the
brave old Irish monarch, then 88 years of age, was slain in his
tent by Admiral Brodar of the Danish fleet, at the head of a
fugitive band of Danes, all of whom were immediately cut
down. Brian Boru may justly be regarded as one of the
greatest soldiers of his age. And not only did he excel in
the arts of war, but in those of peace as well. Crowned
monarch on the Hill of Tara, he gave a great impetus to edu
cation, enacted wise and beneficent laws, encouraged science
and art, authorized great public works, had new highways
constructed, bridges built, universities reestablished and in
many other ways contributed to the welfare of the people.
Briggs, George N., governor of Massachusetts, 1844 to
1851; born at Adams, Mass., 1796; died at Pittsfield, Mass.,
185 1. His father served under Stark, at Bennington. Gov
ernor Briggs was immediately preceded in the gubernatorial
chair of the Bay State by Marcus Morton (1843 to 1844), and
was succeeded by George S. Boutwell (1851 to 1853). Col.
Henry Shaw Briggs, a son of the Governor, commanded the
Tenth Massachusetts Volunteers, in the Civil War, and was,
in 1862, made a brigadier-general.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 339
Brooks, Miss, referred to as " the elegant translator of an
cient Irish poetry." At a banquet in New York city, March
18, 181 1, by the Juvenile Sons of Erin, a toast to her memory
was offered.
Broome, John, lieut.-governor of the State of New York;
born, 1738; died, 1810; member of the New York state consti
tutional convention of 1777; became lieut.-governor in 1804;
was for many years very prominent in charitable and com
mercial circles. He was toasted at celebrations by the Hiber
nian Provident Society, New York city, in 1808, 1809 and
other years.
Brown, Gen. Jacob (Toast to) ; prominent in the War of
1812-15; born in Bucks County, Pa., 1775; died in Washing
ton, D. C, 1828; opened a private school in New York city,
1798; studied law; became secretary to Gen. Alexander Hamil
ton; later proceeded to northern New York, purchased a tract
of land on the Black River, and founded Brownsville; in 1813
he was made a brigadier-general in the U. S. Army, having
previously served in the miHtia; was placed in command of
the army of the Niagara, with the rank of Major general,
1814; defeated Gen. Riall at Chippewa July 5, and Drum
mond at Lundy's Lane, July 25, and at Fort Erie, Sept. 17,
1814; became General-in-Chief of the U. S. Army, 1821.
Brown, Dr. William, joined the Boston Charitable Irish So
ciety, in 1769; became "Keeper of the Silver Key."
Brown, James, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, 1835. This may have been James Brown, " from Ire
land," of Brown & Co., Baltimore, Md., and Brown Bros, of
New York. He was stated, in 1845-6, to be worth $500,000.
A James C. Brown is also mentioned as of the Friendly Sons,
in 1835.
Brownson, O. A. (A guest of the Boston Charitable Irish
Society, 1845); born at Stockbridge, Vt., 1803; died in 1876.
He was a preacher, lecturer, writer and editor, a man of great
erudition. He had been a Protestant, but became a Roman
Catholie in 1844.

,.„ BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
34° Bruce, Wm. F., a member of the Friendly Brothers of St.
Patrick, New York, 1778. His name appears signed to a
notice for a celebration to be held March 17, that year.
Bryan, George, of the Hibernian Society, Philadelphia; a
native of Dublin, Ireland; born, 1731; settled in Philadelphia;
delegate, in 1765, to the Stamp-Act Congress; member of the
legislature of Pennsylvania; judge of the Supreme Court of
the State; died, 1791.
Bryar, William, he was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, as early as 1805; treasurer in 1809-1810. There
was a William Bryar, about that time, in the tobacco business
at 104 Water st.. New York. James Bryar was of the Friendly
Sons, New York, in 1835.
Bryden, James, succeeded Daniel Grant in the managemerit
of the Fountain Inn, Baltimore, Md., about 1797. St. Patrick's
Day events were held there.
Bryson, David, secretary of the Hibernian Provident Society,
New York, 1802, 1803, 1804, 1814, 1815, 1816, and in other
years. Bryson participated in the uprising of 1798 in Ireland,
his father and brother also taking part in that movement.
The brother was captured, tried, and sentenced to death.
This sentence was, however, commuted to 20 years' service in
the British army. David fled to this country, and later went
to Antigua where the regiment of his brother was located,
released the brother and brought him to this country where
he, like David, made a large fortune. David is described as
" an honest, upright Irishman, one of the tanners and curriers
of the ' Swamp,' with the Bloodgoods." He was at one period
an alderman of New York. He was one of the founders of the
Phoenix Bank that city, and a director of the same for about
40 years and until his death. His son David M. Bryson, be
came cashier of the bank.
Bullock, Edward Courtenay, commanded i8th Alabama
Infantry in Civil War. See page 251.
Bunting, E. (Toast to) ; Edward Bunting was a musician
and antiquary; born in Armagh, Ireland, 1773; was described

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 341
as "both clever and handsome"; became interested in old
Irish music, and traveUed through Ulster, Munster, and Con
naught, making a collection of material for a work on the
same. In 1796, he published the result of his labors in this re
spect, and subsequently brought out other works in the same
line. He died in Dublin, Ireland, 1843.
Burke, Andrew, a member of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, Mass., as early as 1797; a William Burk was a member
as early as 1757.
Burke, Edmund (Toasts to) ; an Irish orator and statesman ;
born in Dublin, 1730; died in England, 1797; entered parliament,
1766; was appointed agent for the colony of New York, 1771 ;
a warm friend and advocate of the rights of the American
colonists, and of the rights of the people of Ireland. In 1782,
he was a member of the privy council. Was identified with the
prosecution of Warren Hastings.
. Burke, Myles, his name was on the roll of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, New York, in 1835. Miles Burke, M.D., was
located at 37 Bleecker st.. New York, in 1832. They may
have been identical.
Bush, Dr. George, a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, in 1833; was elected a steward of the
Society that year, together with Thomas Suffern, John Wil
son, John Fleming and John T. Dolan. The name is also
spelled Bushe. In Longworth's " N. Y. Directory," etc.,
1832-3, is mentioned : " Bushe, George, M.D., 60 White " st.
Butler, Richard, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia; born in Dublin, Ireland, 1743; killed by an Indian in
battle on Nov. 4, 1791. Butler's ability was early recog
nized by Congress and, in 1776, he was appointed major; be
came Heutenant-colonel. In 1777, he was commissioned Colonel
of the Fifth Pennsylvania; as an officer of Morgan's Rifle
Corps, he took part in the battles of Bemis' Heights and Still
water; was made Colonel of the Ninth Pennsylvania; com-

242 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
manded the Americans at the storming of Stony Point; partici
pated in the siege and capture, of Yorktown. He attained the
rank of Major-General and was second in command of St.
Clair's army organized for operations against the Western
Indians. Byrne, Rev. Patrick, a Roman Catholic clergyman of Boston,
Mass.; became a member of the Charitable Irish Society, that
city; was treasurer of the organization in 1834, 1835 and 1836;
a native of Kilkenny; ordained to the priesthood by Bishop
Cheverus, of Boston ; was for many years pastor of St. Mary's
Church, Charlestown, Mass.; was occupying that position,
when a Know-Nothing mob destroyed the Ursuline convent.
Cadwalader, Gen. John, an honorary member of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; a native of Philadelphia;
born, 1742; died in Maryland, 1786. He was an importer of
dry goods with his brother, Lambert Cadwalader, 1772; com
manded the " Greens," a military corps of Pennsylvania, 1774 ;
served as a volunteer on Gen. John Sullivan's staff in the battle
of Long Island; was made brigadier-general of Pennsylvania
mUitia; took part in the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandy
wine, Germantown, Monmouth and other engagements; a
valued adviser of Washington ; trustee of the University of Penn
sylvania; member of the legislature of Maryland.
Cadwalader, Lambert, an honorary member of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; was born at Trenton, N. J.,
1742 ; died, 1823. The family removed to Philadelphia. He be
came Colonel of a Pennsylvania corps; was captured at Fort
Washington by the British, and was released on parole; was
sent to the Continental Congress, 1785, and was also a member
of Congress for several terms subsequently ; returned to Tren
ton, in 1779, and died there.
Calderwood, Samuel, became a member of the Charitable
Irish Society, Boston, Mass., in 1757.
Caldwell, Alexander, became a member of the Boston Chari
table Irish Society, in 1738.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 343
CaldweU, Andrew, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, and of the First City Troop; born in Ireland; became
a prominent merchant of PhUadelphia; patriot of the Revolu
tion; member of the CouncU of Safety, 1776; member of the
Navy Board; a port warden of Philadelphia; a director of the
Bank of North America.
Caldwell, John, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, 1805, 1806 and 1807-1808; was a member of the
Society as early as 1804. He was probably John Caldwell of
the firm John & Richard Caldwell, merchants, 91-93 Water st.
Caldwell, Robert, became a member of the Boston Chari
table Irish Society in 1770.
Caldwell, Samuel, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, pf the Hibernian Society and of the Hibernia Fire
Company; was secretary and treasurer of the Friendly Sons
from 177s to 1792; born in Londonderry, Ireland; a Philadel
phia shipping merchant; patriot of the Kevolution; member of
the First City Troop took an active part in the campaign of
1776-77; subscribed ii,ooo to assist in supplying the army with
provisions; died, 1798.
Calhoun, John C. (Toasts to) ; born in South Carolina, 1782;
died in Washington, D. C, 1850; vice president of the United
States. His father, Patrick Calhoun, was a native of Ireland,
and his mother was of Irish descent. John C, the subject of
this sketch, in 1802 entered Yale College and later graduated
therefrom.- He then studied law, was admitted to the bar and
rose to distinction; became a member of the South Carolina
legislature; was a member of Congress from 1811 to 1817; took
an active part in inducing President Madison to declare war
against England in 1812; was made Secretary of War by Presi
dent Monroe; was elected vice president of the United States
and reelected for a second term. He was afterward United
States Senator, Secretary of State for South Carolina, and again
a United States Senator.
Campbell, Andrew, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish
Society, in 1797. A person of the name, probably the same.

244 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
was a schoolmaster in Leverett's lane, and later on Common
St. Campbell, George, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, and of the First City Troop; born in County Tyrone,
Ireland; became a lawyer in that country; came to Philadelphia,
Pa., about 1765; practiced law; member of the legislature of
Pennsylvania; register of wills, Philadelphia, and held the latter
position eighteen years. He died in 1810.
Carberry, Thomas, a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, as far back as 1812. This may have been
Thomas Carberry, shipmaster, 79 Greenwich st., that city.
Carey, Mathew, a founder of the Hibernian Society, Phila
delphia; first secretary of the same; born in Dublin, Ireland,
1760; died in Philadelphia, 1839. He became a printer and
bookseller in Ireland. When about 17 years of age, he wrote
a pamphlet, advocating the rights of the Roman Catholics of
Ireland and urging the abolition of the penal code. This pro
duction greatly offended the supporters of the government, and
Carey had to escape to Paris. While in France he was given
employment in a printing office at Passy by the American
minister. Dr. Franklin. Returning to Dublin, he was connected
with a paper named the " Freeman's Journal," but later estab
lished the " Volunteers' Journal." His utterances, being sturd
ily patriotic, again displeased the government and he was
arrested and committed to jail, in Dublin. He arrived in Phila
delphia, Pa., in 1784; established the "Pennsylvania Herald";
reported the proceedings of Congress. In 1791, he married,
and embarked in the book trade; published a number of essays
and pamphlets. His work " Vindicise Hibernicse " was pub
lished in 1819. He was a man of great public spirit and took a
prominent part in matters pertaining to the welfare of the
people. Carleton, Guy, a British soldier; born at Strabane, Ireland,
1724; died, 1808. See mention elsewhere.
Carolan, The Irish Bard (Toasts to) ; (see O'Carolan, Tur
lough). . j^

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 345
Ceirroll, Charles, of CaroUton (Toasts to) ; a signer of the
Declaration of Independence; was born at AnnapoUs, Md., Sept.
20, 1737; died in Baltimore, Md., Dec, 1815; belonged to a
wealthy Roman Catholic family. He was educated at St.
Omer, Rheims and Paris, in France; studied law in that coun
try and in England; came back to America in 1764; wrote
stirring articles under the nom-de-plume of " First Citizen " up
holding the rights of the people; was appointed by Congress
early in 1776, to visit Canada with John Carroll, Samuel Chase
and Dr. Franklin; served in the Assembly of Maryland; was a
member of the Continental Congress and of the board of war.
In 1788, he became a United States Senator and was reelected
in 1791, remaining a senator until 1801. He was the last sur
vivor of the signers of the Declaration of Independence.
Carroll, John, Roman CathoHc priest, bishop, archbishop;
patriot of the Revolution; born at Upper Marlborough, Md.,
1735; died at Georgetown, D. C, 1817; was "pious, learned
and patriotic " ; appointed by Congress, in 1776, together with
his cousin, Charles Carroll of Carrollton, Samuel Chase and
Benjamin Franklin, to proceed to Canada and enlist sympathy
there in behalf of the Revolution. He was unanimously
selected by Congress to deliver the panegyric on Washington,
February, 1800.
Carroll, Michael, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, Mass., in 1757.
Cassidy, Christopher, a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, as early as 1828. In 1832, a Christopher
Cassidy, tailor, was located at 204 Broadway.
Castlereagh (Mention of). Robert Stewart, second mar
quis of Londonderry, was known till his father's death in
April, 1821, by the " courtesy title " of Viscount Castlereagh.
He was born in the Irish province of Ulster, 1769 ; committed
suicide while in a fit of insanity, in England, 1822; became
acting secretary for Ireland in 1797, and secretary in 1798. It
was largely owing to his efforts that the Legislative Act unit
ing Ireland and England was passed in 1800. He was Secre-

346 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
tary of the Board of Control in 1802; Secretary for War
1805-6 and 1807-9, and held other offices.
Chambers, John, president of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1828, 1829, 1830, 1831, 1832, 1833. At the
St. Patrick's Day celebration of the Friendly Sons,' in 1832,
Vice President John Caldwell remarked concerning Mr. Cham
bers that " at a comparatively early period of his life, he was a
member of the corporation of Dublin, — but for what he judged
the welfare of his country, he sacrificed his hopes and prospects,
yea, all other considerations. He has been a firm and con
sistent friend of liberty during the whole course of his long life.
You all know him. I will give you a toast : ' The health of
John Chambers, Esq., our worthy president!'" Chambers,
previous to his arrival in this country, had been arrested, to
gether with other Irish patriots, by the British government,
and confined at Fort George, Scotland. At the funeral, in
New York, of Thomas Addis Emmet he was one of the pall
bearers. Among the others were De Witt Clinton, Chancellor
Kent, Judge Betts, Judge Thompson, Hon. Martin Van Buren,
Dr. Wm. J. Macneven, Wiliam Sampson, Robert Swanton
and David B. Ogden.
Charlemont, Earl of, — James Caulfield — (Toasts to) ; born
fn Dublin, 1728; a leader in the Irish Volunteer movement; a
friend of Grattan and other patriotic advocates ; a man of great
culture and fine intellect; became commander of the Irish
Volunteers which at one time numbered 80,000 men; was a
founder of the Royal Irish Academy. He died, 1799.
Charleton, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York; a member as early as 1790; became a councUlor of the
Society; was a physician located at no Broadway as early as
1786. This name likewise appears as Charlton.
Charters, Alexander, a linen merchant at 64 Pine St., New
York, in 1832; member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
that city. He was probably the A. Charters who was secretary
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1825, 1826; and
who became vice-president of the same.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 347
Charters, John, as early as 1824 he was a member of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. He was a steward
of the society, in the year mentioned.
Cheverus, John Louis de, bishop of Boston. He is men
tioned in this work in connection with St. Patrick Day ob
servances in that city. He was born at Mayenne, France, 1768;
died in France, 1836. He arrived in Boston in 1796, where he
was received by his old friend Abbe Matignon. Cheverus was
consecrated bishop of Boston, 1810, by Archbishop CarroU;
returned to France in 1823, and later became Cardinal Arch
bishop of Bordeaux.
Christian, Charles, secretary of a meeting of " naturalized
Irishmen" held in New York City, March 16, 1815, "to take
into consideration the most suitable mode of testifying their
obligations to De Witt Clinton, Esq." Christian was a mem
ber of the committee appointed by this meeting to wait upon
Clinton and present him an address.
Clancy, John, a member, in 1817, of the Hibernian Provi
dent Society, New York ; one of the Standing Committee that
year. Clark, James, a founder of the Boston Charitable Irish So
ciety, 1737.
Clark, John, a founder, in 1737, of the Charitable Irish So
ciety, Boston, Mass.
Cleary, Thomas, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1829.
Cleland, Moses, elected president of the Hibernian Society,
Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1815.
Clinton, De Witt, born, 1769; died, 1828; a member of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1790;
nephew of Gov. George Clinton of New York, graduate of
Columbia CoUege; Democratic leader in the State Senate, from
1798 to 1802; Mayor of New York City, 1803-7, 1809-10,
1811-14; an earnest friend of the American Academy of Fine

348

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

Arts and of the New York Historical Society; Peace candidate
in 1812 for president of the United States, being defeated by
James Madison; was first president of the New York Literary
and Philosophical Society; was an influential advocate of the
construction of the Erie canal ; governor of New York in 1817-
22, and in 1824-27. His grandfather, Charles Clinton, was a
native of County Longford, Ireland, 1690. At a dinner of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, in New York City in 1828,
De Witt Clinton was mentioned as having been a member of
the Society " nearly forty years."
Clinton, George, first governor of the State of New York,
being elected in 1777, and holding the office, by successive elec
tions, for a period of eighteen years. He was a son of an
Irishman, Charles Clinton, and uncle of De Witt Clinton who
also became governor of the Empire State. Gov. George Clin
ton, the subject of this sketch, had been a member of the Con
tinental Congress and voted for the Declaration of Independ
ence. He was made a brigadier-general and rendered splendid
service. In 1804 he was elected vice-president of the United
States and was reelected in 180^. He was born in 1739;
died, 1812.
Clinton James, born, 1736; died, 1812; a son of Charles
Clinton, the Irishman, and brother of Vice-President George
Clinton; was made Colonel of the Third New York regiment,
June 30, 1775; went with Montgomery to Quebec; was com
missioned brigadier-general, August, 1776; saw much active
service; was present at the surrender of Lord Cornwallis; a
member, successively, of both branches of the legislature of the
State of New York.
Clinton, Sir Henry (Mention of); a British soldier; born,
1738; died, 1795; a Major-General in 1775; came to America
with Howe and Burgoyne; took part in the battle of Bunker
HUl; succeeded Lord Howe, in 1778, as British commander-in-
chief in America; returned to England in 1782.
Cochran, Dr. John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, Pa.; born in Chester County, Pa., 1730; a son of Irish

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 349
parents ; studied medicine, and was surgeon's mate during the
French and Indian war; married, in 1760, Mrs. Gertrude Schuy
ler; removed to New Jersey and was a founder of the New
Jersey Historical Society; was Physician and Surgeon-General
of the army for a period of about four years during the Revo
lution. In 1781, Congress made him Director-General of Hos
pitals; was one of the earliest members of the Society of the
Cincinnati; removed to New York state. President Washing
ton, in 1790, made him Commissioner of Loans for that state.
Dr. Cochran died in 1807. Gen. John Cochrane of New York
was his grandson.
Coghlan, Mr., a resident of New York, 1818. His house
was "at No. 70 William street." The Shamrock Friendly
Association held meetings there.
Coleman, Janies S. (Mention of) ; a prominent resident of
New York city; member of the firm, Coleman, Breuchaud &
Coleman; has held various positions of trust and honor; was
president of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1895-
1896; is a member of the American-Irish Historical Historical
Society. Colles, Christopher, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York; was a member as early as 1788. This was doubtless
Christopher Colles, a famous engineer, who was born in Ire
land about 'i^tff. He came to this country and lectured in
Philadelphia and New York on pneumatics, water supply
for cities, inland navigation, etc., in 1772-74. In 1775 he be
came an instructor in gunnery and was employed as such in
the American Continental Army until 1777. In 1784, he
memorialized the New York state legislature in favor of a
canal from the Hudson river to Lake Ontario. In 1812 he
constructed and operated a telegraph at Fort Clinton, and
claimed to have constructed the first steam engine built in
America. He died in New York city, s8«*. /f/U
Condon, Samuel, joined the Boston Charitable Irish So
ciety, 1768; became sei . etary of the same.

250 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Connor, Fitz M. Friendly, of the Friendly Brothers of St.
Patrick, New York, 1782. His name was signed as " Acting
Secretary " to a notice for a meeting and dinner at Roubalet's
Tavern, New York, the said event to be held Monday, March
18, 1782.
Constable, James, a member of the Friendly Soiis of St.
Patrick, New York, as early as 1790; vice president of the So
ciety in 1795, 1796, 1797, 1798 and perhaps in other years. He
was probably a brother of WiUiam Constable, a sketch of whom
here follows.
Constable, William, President of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York City, 1789-1790, and in 1795. He was for
merly a resident of PhUadelphia, Pa., where he became a mem
ber of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, of the latter city. Mr.
Constable was born in Dublin, Ireland, Jan. i, 1752, and was
educated at Trinity College, that city. He espoused the side
of the patriots in the American Revolution and became an aide
to Lafayette. Later, he founded a commercial house in Phila
delphia, Pa., and a branch of the same at Charleston, S. C.
Associated with him in this enterprise was James Seagrove.
They engaged largely in the West India trade. Mr. Constable
wedded, in 1782, Ann Townsend, who had been a schoolmate
of Gen. Washington's wife. Removing to New York city in
1784, he established the firm of Constable, Rucker & Co., which
was succeeded by Constable & Co. In this latter firm he had
as partners, Gouverneur Morris and Robert Morris. The two
latter each contributed £50,000 to the capital of the firm. They
engaged in the neutral carrying trade, had relations with India,
China and other countries and also did an extensive financial
business. At one period William Constable's brother, James,
was associated with him in business. William erected and, for
a number of years conducted, a flouring mill at Yonkers, N. Y.,
subsequently disposing of the same for $65,000. Mr. Constable
at one time resided on Great Dock street. New York, again
on WaU street and later on the site of the Astor House. He
had a homestead at Bloomingdale, N. Y. He engaged in sev
eral huge land speculations. On one occasion, he and his
friend Alexander Macomb bought 640,000 acres, the "Ten

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 351
Townships," on the St. Lawrence river. New York state. He
was associated with Daniel McCormick and Alexander Macomb
in the purchase of a tract which comprised the " whole of the
present counties of Lewis, Jefferson, St. Lawrence and Frank
lin, with parts of Oswego and Herkimer." The tract consisted
of over 3,600,000 acres or in the neighborhood of a tenth part
of the entire state. The price paid was " eight pence an acre."
Mr. Constable while a resident of Philadelphia had been not
only a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick there but
also of the famous Hibernia Fire Company. He was a mem
ber of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as
1784. When the Duke of Orleans was a fugitive in this coun
try, about 1797, Mr. Constable loaned him $1,000, the same
being repaid by Louis Philippe. Mr. Constable passed away
May 22, 1803, and was interred in St. Paul's churchyard. New
York city. He left a widow and seven children.
Conway, E. H., under his management, a " Grand Hibernian
Ball " was given at Concert Hall, New York, " on St. Patrick's
Eve," March 16, 1832. The proceeds, it was announced, to
be devoted " to the Orphan Asylum in Prince st."
Copley, John Singleton (Mention of) ; born in Boston, Mass,.
1737, of Irish parents; famous portrait painter; became a mem
ber of the Royal Academy, 1783; father of Baron Lyndhurst,
who became lord chancellor of England. Copley's step-father
was Peter Pelham, a founder of the Boston Charitable Irish
Society. Coppinger, John, of the Boston Charitable Irish Society;
admitted, 1757.
Corbitt, George S., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1833; treasurer, 1834. The name is also
spelled Corbett. There was a George S. Corbitt at 7 Exchange
St., in 1832. He was a merchant.
Corre, Joseph; mention is made in these pages of a St.
Patrick's dinner " at Corre's," New York city. A notice pub
lished in April, 1786, states that " Joseph Corre has removed
to the City Tavern in Broadway (late Capes) where he hopes

252 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
to give satisfaction to the traveller; he has good beds, the
best of liquors, dinners and supplies wUl be provided at the
shortest notice. Any person wishing to have their servants
taught the art of cooking may apply to him for terms." The
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick had their anniversary dinner at
the City Tavern for several years. Its location is stated to
have been at 115 Broadway.
Courtenay, Alexander Black. See page 251.
Courtenay, Edward, a founder of the Hibernian Society,
of Charleston, S. C; was a native of Newry, Ireland; born,
1771; came to the United States, in 1791, with his brother John;
died in Savannah, Ga., 1807. His wife, Lydia, was a daughter of
Samuel Smith of Newburyport, Mass. She was born in 1769 and
died in 1852. Edward Smith Courtenay was the eldest child of
Edward and Lydia.
Courtenay, Edward Smith. See page 251.
Courtenay, James C, native and resident of Charleston,
S. C. See page 252.
Courtenay, John. See pages 249, 250, 251.
Courtenay, Hon. William A., of " Innisfallen," Newry, S. C.
See pages 249, 250.
Cox, William, president of the Hibernian Provident Society,
New York, 1820.
Craig, John, of the Hibernian Provident Society, New York
city, in 1808, and member of the Standing Committee of the
organization. A John Craig was a member of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, that city, in 1812.
Craig, S., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, as far back as 1805; in all probabiUty, he was of the
firm, William & Samuel Craig, merchants of New York.
Craig, W., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, as early as 1805. He Was doubtless a member of the
firm William & Samuel Craig, New York merchants.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 353
Cranston, Alexander, a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, as early as 1805. Doubtless he was the
Alexander Cranston of "Alex. Cranston & Co.," prominent
merchants of New York.
Crawford, James, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, of the Hibernian Society, the Hibernia Fire Company
and the First City Troop; born in Ireland; a PhUadelphia ship
ping merchant ; died, 1810.
Croghan, George, for sketch see footnote, page 18.
Crombie, Joseph, a founder of the Hibernian Society,
Charleston, S. C, about 1799-
Cullen, Edward P., a bootmaker at 70 William St., New
York, in 1832. He was probably the person of the name who,
in 183s, was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city.
Cumming, Dr. George, a member of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1828. The name also ap
pears as Cuming and Cummings.
Cumming, George B., became president of the Hibernian
Society, Savannah, Ga., March 18, 1833.
Cumming, John, first president of the Hibernian Society,
Savannah, Ga. ; elected to the position on March 17, 1812 ; he
was again elected in 1832, but on the latter occason declined
the office.
Curran, John Philpot (Toasts to) ; distinguished Irish ora
tor and patriot; born in Newmarket, County Cork, Ireland,
1750; died in 1817. He was admitted to the bar in 1774; entered
the Irish parliament in 1783; defended Archibald Hamilton
Rowan when the latter was charged by the government with
" seditious libel." In 1797 Curran resigned from the Irish
parliament; he had been an earnest advocate of Catholic eman
cipation and the extension of the suffrage. When the Whigs
came into power, about 1806, Curran, who had in the meantime
identified himself with that party, was appointed master of the
23

354 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
rolls. He was a great lawyer, a great orator, a great wit, and
eloquent tributes have been paid him by Byron, Madame de
Stael and a host of other noted people. Robert Emmet, the
Irish patriot, was betrothed to Curran's daughter.
Cuthbertson, Samuel, became a member of the Boston Chari
table Irish Society in 1766; was chosen a " Key-Keeper " of the
Society the same year.
Dalton, James, became a member of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society in 1740; was vice-president of the same in 1766.
Daly, Judge, mentioned as with the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, at a celebration in 1845. This is believed
to have been Hon. Charles P. Daly, who was born in New
York city, 1816; admitted to the bar, 1839; elected fio the
Legislature, 1843 ; became justice of the Court of Common
Pleas, 1844; chief justice, 1871 to 1886. He received the
degree of LL.D., from Columbia, i860; was president for
many years of the American Geographical Society ; the author
of many able papers.
Davis, George, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia; born in Ireland; removed from Philadelphia, about
1777, to Trenton, N. J., and died in the latter place.
Davis, William, joined the Boston Charitable Irish Society,
in 1740.
Davy, Capt., of the Shamrock Friendly Association, New
York. In 1820, he was a vice president of the same.
Decatur, Stephen (Toasts to) ; distinguished American
naval officer; born in Maryland, 1777; died near Washington,
D. C, 1820. He was of Irish extraction on his mother's side.
He entered the navy in 1798 ; was a captain in 1804 ; partici
pated in the Tripolitan war; for an exploit in that war he
received the thanks of Congress, a sword, and was pro
moted; captured the British frigate " Macedonian," 1812; mor-
taUy wounded in a duel with Commodore James Barron
U. S. N., in 1820.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 355
Delany, Sharp, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and the
Hibernian Society, Philadelphia, Pa.; born in County Mona
ghan, Ireland; established himself in Philadelphia, as a drug
gist about the year 1764, in partnership with William Delany,
his brother; took the side of the colonists against the Crown;
was a deputy to the Provincial Convention, Jan., 1775, and to
the Provincial Conference in June of that year. In 1777 he
was a commissioner " to seize the personal effects of traitors,"
and in 1778 was an agent to look after " forfeited estates." He
was Colonel of the Second Pennsylvania in 1779; subscribed
£1,000, in 1780, in aid of the army; was collector of the Port of
Philadelphia; a member of the Cincinnati, and occupied other
honorable spheres in life.
Denniston, James, in 1835, and probably earlier, a member
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. He is be
lieved to have been of the firm James Denniston & Co., mer
chants, doing business, in 1832, at 136 Pearl st.. New York.
Dickinson, John, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; born in Maryland, 1732; died at
Wilmington, Del., 1808. He was chosen to the Continental
Congress in 1774; was also a member of Congress at other
periods; president of Delaware; president of the Supreme Ex
ecutive Council of Pennsylvania.
Dillon, Count (Toast to) ; Count Arthur Dillon was of a
high-born Irish-French family, and was an officer in our French
allies who came to America during the Revolution here. He
was Colonel of the Regiment of Dillon and with him was his
kinsman, Lieut. Col. Barthelemy Dillon. They and their com
mand rendered valiant service to the cause of liberty.
Dillon, G., of the Shamrock Friendly Association, New
York, 1817; a member, March 17, that year of the " Com'mit-
tee of Arrangement."
Dillon, Robert J., an attorney at 4 Broad st.. New York city,
in 1832. The name also appears on the roll of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, in 1835. Robert J. Dillon was
secretary of the Friendly Sons in 1837.

256 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Dobson, Oliver L., was elected treasurer of the Hibernian
Society, Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1817.
Dolan, John T., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, 1832. He was probably the John T. Dolan, who was en
gaged in the hardware trade, at 282 Pearl st.
Donahoe, Patrick, founder of the Boston " Pilot " ; born in-
Kilmore, County Cavan, Ireland, March 17, 1814; came to Bos^-
ton, Mass., in 1825; settled in that city. He and Mr. Deve-
reaux, some years subsequently, secured control ofi "The
Jesuit," a Boston Catholic paper, and changed the name to the
" Literary and Catholic Sentinel." A few years later, Messrs.
Donahoe and Devereaux commenced the publication of " The
Pilot," which is still enjoying a prosperous career. Mr. Dona
hoe assisted in the formation of two Irish regiments from
Massachusetts during the Civil War — the Ninth and Twenty-
Eighth — and his paper ably supported the cause of the Union.
He was always a warm friend of the Irish immigrant, and a
generous contributor to Catholic undertakings. He served as
a director of Public Institutions, Boston, for nine years; was
president of the Emigrant Savings Bank, that city, and presi
dent of the Home for Destitute Catholic Children. Mr. Dona
hoe was President of the Boston Charitable Irish Society in
185 1 and 1854. He died recently.
Donaldson, Robert, member of the New York Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1833. A gentleman of the
name came to New York city from North Carolina about
1829. He was a man of means, and owned a hotel at Raleigh. •
He settled in New York and in 1845-6 had a " magnificent
place on the North river." His wife was a daughter of Chief
Justice Gaston of North Carolina. Mr. Donaldson was stated,
about 1845, to be worth $200,000. In Longworth's "N.Y.
Directory " for 1832 is mentioned a Robert Donaldson, paper
warerooms, 45 John st. Another Robert Donaldson was at
15 State St., New York.
Dongan, Thomas, born in Ireland, 1634; became a colonel,
and saw service under the King of France; was made lieutenant-

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 357
¦governor of Tangier, Africa, in 1678, and was recalled in 1680.
In 1683 the English Duke of York (later, James IL), appointed
ihim governor of New York, to which province Dongan gave
a wise and just administration. Gov. Dongan retained the
office until the spring of 1688, when he was succeeded by
Andros who also had a commission to govern New England.
Dongan subsequently experienced harsh treatment and was
obliged to leave the province owing to the bitter persecution
set on foot by his poUtical enemies. He became Earl of
Limerick; died, 1715.
Donncddson, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, and
the Hibernian Society, Philadelphia; son of Hugh Donnaldson
of Dungannon, Ireland. John, the son, was a Philadelphia
shipping merchant; member of the First City Troop; partici
pated in the battles of Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, Ger
mantown and other actions of the war; subscribed £2,000, in
1780, in aid of the army; register-general of Pennsylvania;
comptroller-general of the State. He died in Philadelphia,
1831. Doran, James, described as " the host " at a celebration at
the Bank Coffee House, New York, by the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, 1831.
Dore, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York,
1835. A merchant of the name was, in 1832, in business at
128 Pearl st., that city.
Downing, Thomas, became a member of the Boston Chari
table Irish Society, 1737. He was, doubtless, the Thomas
Downing who kept a lodging house. In 1740, an Irish woman
Abigail Richardson, sick and destitute, stopped at his house.
Doyle, Bishop (Toasts to) ; of Kildare and Leighlin, Ire
land; born in 1786 at New Ross, Wexford, Ireland; educated in
Portugal; served in the Portuguese army, against the French,
as a volunteer; professor in Carlow College, Ireland; was made
a bishop about 1819; a fearless advocate of the rights of his
co-religionists and countrymen. He died in 1834.

358

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

Doyle, Dennis H., of the Friendly Sons of St, Patrick, New
York, 1835. He was a director of the Franklin Bank which
was established there in 1818. He is also mentioned as a
member of the Hibernian Provident Society, New York.
Doyle, John, of the Friendly Sons of "St. Patrick, New York,
1833. Three persons of the name are mentioned as located
in New York about that time. One was a bookseller at
12 Liberty st. ; another, a tailor at 123 Orange st., while the
third was at 286 Mulberry st.
Dunlap, Andrew, president of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, Mass., 1826.
Dunlap, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia; a native of Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland; born,
1747; came to this country when a boy and learned the print
ing business under William Dunlap, his uncle. In 1767, he
took charge of his uncle's business, and the next year issued
the Pennsylvania "Packet or General Advertiser"; became
printer to congress, 1778, and to the state of Pennsylvania;
also issued publications in German. He and D. C. Claypool,
in 1784, made the " Packet " a daily paper. Dunlap was one of
the earliest members of the First City Troop, of Philadelphia,
and served with it in the Revolution. In 1775, he was Cornet
of the Troop ; in 1781, First Lieutenant, and in 1794 became its
commander. He commanded the cavalry during the Whiskey
Insurrection campaign. He subscribed £4,000 in aid of the
army during the Revolution; at one time was the owner of
98,000 acres of land in the South, in addition to much real
estate elsewhere; died, 1812.
Dunn, Bernard, a merchant in 1832 at loi Maiden Lane,
New York, his residence being at 32 Water st. He was
doubtless the Bernard Dunn whose name appears in 1835 on
the roll of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
Eagle, Henry, member of the Hibernian Provident Society,
New York, 1808 ; " an Irishman and former dry goods dealer,"
Chatham st.. New York ; was stated, in 1845-6,. to be worth
$200,000.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 359
Eaton, WUliam B., admitted to the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, 1797; conducted "a wine and porter cellar," that
city ; resided at 69 Ann st.
Eccleston, Edward, as early as 1832 he was a member of
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. Longworth's
"N. Y. Directory," 1832-3, mentions Edward Eccleston, linen
importer, 5 Cedar st.
Edgar, WUliam, a member of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, Mass.; admitted in 1739.
Edgar, William, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, as early as 1790; a councillor of the Society in
that year, also in 1791; his "white marble palace" was at 7
Greenwich street. In 1797 his residence was at 7 Wall st.; a
merchant; became a director of the Mutual Insurance Co.,
1793 ; a director of the bank of New York. An H. L. Edgar,
believed to be a brother of this William, is described as the
" son of an Irishman," and was, in 1845-6, estimated to be
worth $150,000.
Edgeworth, Maria (Toast to) ; a famous Irish novelist ; born
in England, 1767; died, 1849. Her father passed the greater
part of his life in County Longford, Ireland, where the Edge-
worth family had been settled for over a century and a half.
Maria was twelve years of age before she saw Ireland, but
thenceforth her pen contributed to the latter's literary fame.
Her writings were greatly admired by Sir Walter Scott, Byron,
Macaulay and a host of other people.
Edgeworth, Richard L. (Toast to) ; father of Maria, just
mentioned. He was born in 1744; died, 1817; attended school
in Drogheda, Ireland, and also in Longford; entered Trinity
College, Dublin, 1761, and subsequently attended Oxford.
He was a founder of the Royal Irish Academy, and wrote
much; was a member of the Irish parUament.
Eliot, Samuel A., mayor of Boston, 1837-9; born there,
1796; died in Cambridge, Mass., 1862; state senator; member
of Congress ; father of President Eliot of Harvard College.

26o BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Elliot, Simon, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, in 1757. He was doubtless a snuff manufacturer of
the name whose place of business was at 51 State st., that city.
Simon Elliot, Jr., was in 1789 a merchant on State st.
Emmet Robert (Toasts to) ;an Irish patriot, leader and mar
tyr; born, March 4, 1778; executed, Sept. 20, 1803. He was a
fellow student at Trinity College, Dublin, with Thomas Moore,
the poet ; both were advocates of the rights of the Irish people.
Emmet early became connected with the United Irishmen, of
which patriotic organization many of his fellow students were
also members. He planned an Irish revolution, and on July 23,
1803, gallantly attempted to seize Dublin castle. Not being
well supported by his associates and followers the attempt
failed. Emmet took refuge in the Wicklow mountains, but
was later arrested and convicted of high treason to British law.
He was executed in Dublin, but his memory will ever be kept
in benediction by the friends of Irish freedom. Sarah Curran,
Emmet's betrothed, was a daughter of Curran, the distinguished
orator and advocate.
Emmet, Robert, eldest son of Thomas Addis Emmet, next
mentioned. Robert was born in Dublin, Ireland, 1792, and
came to New York city in 1804; graduated at Columbia Col
lege, 1810; studied law and was admitted to the bar; became
captain of a company in his father's regiment during the war
of 1812-1815; married, in 1817, Rosina Hubley, of Lancaster,
Pa., daughter of Col. Adam Hubley who was an officer in the
Revolutionary war. Emmet was a member of the legislature
of the State of New York, in 1828; corporation counsel of
New York, 1831 ; register of the Court of Chancery, for a long
period ; and judge of the Superior Court of New York, No
vember, 1852 to December, 1854. After the death of Dr.
William James Macneven, he was generally recognized as
leader of the Irish element in New York ; was a member of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city. He died Feb. 15,
1873- Emmet, Thomas Addis, born in Cork City, Ireland, 1764;
died in New York, 1827; graduate of .Trinity College, Dublin;
studied medicine at the University of Glasgow, and graduated

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 361
there ; then took up the study of law and was admitted to the bar
in 1 791; became prominent in the Society of United Irishmen;
was arrested and imprisoned therefor, in 1798, together with
many of his associates. He was a brother of the immortal
Robert Emmet who was executed by the British government
in 1803. Upon being liberated, Thomas went to France, being
threatened with severe penalties should he return to British
territory. He sailed for the United States in 1804; located in
New York city, where he attained great eminence in the legal
profession; became attorney-general of the state of New York
in 1812. In the war of 1812, he was colonel of a New York
regiment. He was buried in Chancellor Jones' vault, St.
Mark's church. New York. On the monument erected to his
memory, in St. Paul's churchyard. New York, were placed
inscriptions in English, Latin and Irish. That in English was
written by Gulian C. Verplanck; that in Latin, by John Duer;
while the Irish inscription was penned by Rt. Rev. John Eng
land, D.D., of Charleston, S. C. An exhaustive history of the
Emmet family has recently been brought out by Thomas Addis
Emmet, M.D., LL.D., of New York City.
England, Rt. Rev. John (D.D.), (anniversary orator for the
Hibernian Society, Savannah, Ga.) ; bishop of Charleston, S. C. ;
born at Cork, Ireland, 1786; studied law for two years, but
decided to embrace an ecclesiastical life; studied theology in
Carlow College, Ireland; was made president of the' Diocesan
Seminary, Cork, by Bishop Moylan; was ordained to the
priesthood in 1808; became editor and proprietor of the Cork
" Chronicle " ; was appointed parish priest of Bandon, Ireland,
in 1817; was consecrated in Ireland, 1820, bishop of Charleston,
S. C; arrived in Charleston in December of that year. His
diocese comprised the states of North Carolina, South Carolina
and Georgia. He founded the " United States Catholic Mis
ceUany," in 1822, and made that pubhcation a power for good;
founded the Anti-DueUing Association, and was a member of
the Charleston PhUosophical Literary Association. He died
April II, 1842.
English, Thomas, became a member of the Boston Chari
table Irish Society, 1791; was president of the Society, 1810,
,1811, 1812 and 1813.

362 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Erskine, William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia; was born in Ireland, and became a merchant in
Philadelphia. He was lost at sea toward the close of 1781.
Everett, Edward, a guest of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, Mass., at the latter's centennial celebration, March 17,
1837. He was then governor of Massachusetts; born at Dor
chester, Mass., 1794; died in Boston, 1865; was graduated at
Harvard in 181 1; became a Unitarian pastor in Boston; profes
sor of Greek at Harvard; member of Congress, 1825 to 1835;
governor of Massachusetts, 1836 to 1840; U. S. Minister to
England, 1841 to, 1845; president of Harvard, 1846 to 1849; in
1852, succeeded Daniel Webster as Secretary of State; U. S.
Senator, 1853-4.
Farquhar (Toast to) ; it is assumed that this was George
Farquhar, an Irish actor and dramatist; born in Londonderry,
Ireland, 1678; died, 1707.
Fenwick, Benedict Joseph, second Roman Catholic bishop of
Boston; mentioned herein in connection with a St. Patrick's
Day observance in Boston, 1832; born in Maryland, 1782; be
came a Jesuit priest; administrator of the diocese of New York;
president of Georgetown College; was consecrated bishop of
Boston, 1825.
Fitzgerald, Lord Edward (Toasts to) ; a distinguished Irish
patriot, and a leader of the United Irishmen; born near Dublin,
1763; died a prisoner, 1798. He was a son of the first Duke
of Leinster, and was educated for the army. He joined the
British army and came to America with his regiment in 1781;
was appointed aide-de-camp on the staff of Lord Rawdon; was
wounded at the battle of Eutaw Springs, and after the capitula
tion of Yorktown became a member of Gen. O'Hara's staff,
at St. Lucia. In 1783, Fitzgerald returned to Ireland and was
elected to the Irish parliament from Athy. The penal laws in
force against the Irish Roman Catholics grieved him sorely.
He again visited America, and on his return to Ireland, resumed
his place in the parliament of that country. While on a visit
to Paris he renounced his title of nobility and publicly toasted

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 263
the French Revolution. For this, he was dismissed from the
British army. In 1796, he became a member of the Society of
United Irishmen and was sent by it to France for the purpose
of negotiating a treaty for a French invasion of Ireland. The
British government discovered the movement and arrested a
number of the leaders. Fitzgerald secreted himself in Dublin,
but continued in charge of the (conspiracy. The British govern
ment placed-a price on his head, and he was captured May 19,
1798, and imprisoned. He died on June 4, ensuing, of wounds
received at the time of his capture. The government passed a
bill of attainder and his property was confiscated.
Fitzgerald, WUliam G., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1845-1848.
Fitz Gerald, R. A., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1830.
Fitzpatrick, John Bernard, Roman Catholic bishop of Bos
ton, Mass.; born in Boston, 1812; died, 1866; a man of
scholarly attainments; succeeded Rt. Rev. Dr. Fenwick as
bishop of Boston, in 1846.
FitzSimons, Thomas (sometimes written Thomas Fitz-
simmons), one of the original members of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa.; was also a member of the
Hibernian Society, that city; born in Dublin, Ireland, 1741 ;
died in 1811; at the outbreak of. the American Revolution he
ranged himself on the side of the patriots. He organized a
company of Associators, attached to Col. John Nixon's battal
ion, and participated in the operations in New Jersey. He was
a member of the firm of George Meade & Co., which firm sub
scribed £2,000 to furnish the army with necessities. In 1782,
he was elected to the Continental Congress; was a member of
the Convention that framed the national constitution. He was
a member of the first national House of Representatives, under
the new Constitution and was repeatedly reelected; was presi
dent of the PhUadelphia Chamber of Commerce, one of the
founders of the Bank of North America, president of the Insur
ance Company of North America and trustee of the University
of Pennsylvania. He married a sister of George Meade.

.,64 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Fleming, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, 1833. In 1832 a John Fleming was cashier of the
Mechanics Bank, 15 Wall St., that city.
Flemming, Sampson, a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, as early as 1784. The name is also spelled
Fleming. Foley, James, corresponding secretary of the Shamrock
Friendly Association, New York, in 1822.
Foot, Thomas, treasurer of the Hibernian Provident So
ciety, New York, 1817; member of the standing committee of
the Society in 1808. He is mentioned as of "219 Greenwich
street." His name is also spelled Foote.
Francis, Tench, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, of the Hibernia Fire Company, and of the Gloucester
Fox Hunting Club; was also captain of the Quaker Blues;
born in Maryland, 1732; died in Philadelphia, 1800. His father
was a native of Ireland, and became Attorney-General of the
province of Pennsylvania. Tench Francis, the subject of this
sketch, was a Philadelphia merchant; subscribed £5,500 in aid
of the American patriot army.
Francis, Turbutt, brother of Tench, just mentioned ; born in
1740; died, 1777; member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia; served in the French and Indian war; lieutenant
in the Forty-Fourth regiment of Foot, 1758; commanded a
Pennsylvania battalion, 1764. One of his descendants is G. H.
MifHin of the Boston pubHshers, Houghton, Miffiin & Co.
Franklin, Benjamm (Toasts to); born in Boston, Mass.,
1706; died in PhUadelphia, Pa., 1790; became a printer, and
started the " Pennsylvania Gazette " ; leading founder of the
Philadelphia Library; experimented with lightning and dem
onstrated its identity with electricity ; founder of the Univer
sity of Pennsylvania; delegate, in 1754, to the Colonial Con
gress at Albany; drew up a plan for the union of the colonies:;
a signer of the Declaration of Independence; ambassador to

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 365
France as colleague of Arthur Lee and Silas Deane; took a
prominent part in negotiating the treaty of alliance with that
country; was elected governor of Pennsylvania, 1786.
Freeland, James, admitted to membership in the Boston
Charitable Irish Society, 1770; became " Keeper of the Silver
Key." Freeland, William a founder of the Boston Charitable Irish
Society, 1737.
Fuller, Benjamin, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia; secretary and treasurer of the same; born in Ireland;
died in 1799; a leading ship-broker and merchant of Philadel
phia ; subscribed £2,000 in aid of the patriot army.
Fullerton, George, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia; bom in Ireland; member of the First City Troop,
Philadelphia. He was a merchant. At a military review, in
1776, near Trenton, he was fatally wounded by the accidental
discharge of a pistol. His will mentions John Fullerton, an
uncle in Ireland. .
Gaine, Hugh, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, 1784-1788, 1789-1790, 1791, 1792, 1793-1794, 1795
and 1796. He was a native of Ireland and served an apprentice
ship as printer with James Macgee of Belfast. Gaine came to
New York and worked as a journeyman for James Parker. In
1752 he began business on his own account. He established
the " Mercury," which continued until the close of the
Revolution. When the British took possession of New York,
Gaine retired to Newark. Despairing, however, of the success
of the patriots, he returned to New York and published a loyal
ist newspaper. At the close of the war he petitioned the legis
lature to be allowed to remain and his petition was granted.
He is mentioned as a bookseUer and stationer, about 1787, at
25 Hanover Square. He died in 1809.
Gallagher, Rev. Simon Felix, mentioned as first president of
the Hibernian Society, Charleston, S. C.

256 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Gamble, Archibald, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia; was professor in the University of Pennsylvania.
His son, Thomas Gamble, became U. S. Consul at St. Thomas,
West Indies.
Gardner, Robert, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish
Society, 1772; was secretary of the same, 1794 and 1795; treas
urer, i8io, 181 1 and 1812. Occasionally the name is spelled
Gardiner. ,.////,
Gates, Gen. Horatio (Toast to) ; born in England, 1728 ;
died in New York, 1806; became a major in the British army
and came to America; was wounded, in 1755, at Braddock's
defeat; later, settled on an estate in Virginia; espoused the
cause of the patriots; was made Adjutant-General of the Con
tinental army by Congress, 1775; commanded the Northern
Army, 1776-77; was made commander of the Southern Depart
ment, 1780. He removed to New York city in 1790, and was
chosen to the legislature of the state. He declined to serve,
however. Gerry Elbridge (Toast to) ; a signer of the Declaration of
Independence; vice president of the United States. He was
born at Marblehead, Mass., 1744; died in Washington, D. C,
1814; graduated at Harvard, 1762; member of the Provincial
Congress of Massachusetts; entered the Continental Congress
early in 1776; in 1780, was president of the Treasury Board;
member of Congress, 1789 to 1793; in 1797, was sent to France
as a special envoy; elected governor of Massachusetts, 1810;
chosen vice-president of the United States, 1812. His wife was
a daughter of Charles Thomson, secretary of Congress, and
native of Ireland.
GUbert, Garrit, delivered the St. Patrick's Day oration before
the Shamrock Friendly Association, New York, in 1818. Dr.
Macneven presided.
Gleeson, WiUiam, treasurer of the Boston Charitable Irish
Society ; was among the officers elected in 1832.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 367
Glover, John, a native of Ireland ; member of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1793; began life
in this country as a peddler; with about $100 he bought a
large lot of land on Laurens st.. New York, the value of
which, in 1845, was said to be nearer $1,000,000 than $100.
One of Glover's daughters became a Mrs. Fisher. Another
married John Adams, an Irishman and dry goods merchant,
in New York, and president of the Fulton bank. John
Glover's son Edward married a poor milliner and his mother
bought a farm of 600 acres in New York State for him. On
his death, his mother confirmed this property to Edward's
widow. In 1845 John Glover, the subject of this sketch, was
estimated to be worth $300,000.
Goldsmith, Oliver, an Irish poet, novelist and dramatist;
born in Pallas, County Longford, 1728; died in London, Eng
land, 1774; educated at Trinity College, in the Irish capital,
where he received the degree B.A., in 1749; studied medicine
at Edinburgh, Scotland, 1752; author of " The Vicar of Wake
field," "The Deserted Village," "She Stoops to Conquer,"
and many other productions of merit.
Gordon, Thomas Knox, was in 1773 elected president of the
St. Patrick's Club, or Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick,
Charleston, S. C, James Parsons being elected vice-president.
Graham, David, in 1832 there was a counsellor of the name
at 18 Beekman St., New York. In 1835, a David Graham was
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city. David Graham,
Jr., was also a counsellor at 18 Beekman st.
Grant, Daniel, proprietor of Baltimore's leading hostelry,
the famous Fountain Inn, where Washington and many other
noted men stopped in those days. In 1790, Grant erected on the
opposite corner the " New Assembly Rooms."
Grasse, Count de (Toast to) ; arrived with a French fleet
on the American coast, 1781. His force included 24 ships-of-
the-line and a magnificent array of sailors and marines; block
aded the James and York rivers to intercept the retreat of Lord

268 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Cornwallis, and rendered other valuable service. His family
was financially ruined during the French Revolution, and four
of his daughters, in dire poverty, came to the United States. In
1795, Congress voted each of them $1,000.
Grattan, E., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York,
1835, and probably earlier. In 1832, there was a stationer in
New York city named Edward Grattan. His place of busi
ness was at 8 Rector st., and his residence at 91 Greenwich st.
Grattan, Henry (Toasts to) ; born in the Irish capital, 1746;
died in London, 1820; a distinguished Irish statesman, patriot
and orator; entered the Irish parliament, in 1775, and imme
diately became a sturdy champion of his native land; intro
duced, in 1780, the declaration of Irish Rights, denying the
right of the British parliament to enact legislation for Ireland.
He applauded the stand taken by the American patriots, con
demned the tyranny that would crush the latter, and denounced
the British government's proposition to take 4,000 of its troops
out of Ireland and send them to fight the Americans. As a
result of Grattan's zeal the Irish Volunteers were organized
and in a short time numbered 80,000 men. Their object was
the legislative independence of Ireland. In 1782, he again
brought forward his Irish Rights resolution, and the British
government finally but reluctantly acquiesced in Grattan's de
mands. Grattan, although a Protestant, was an earnest ad
vocate of Catholic emancipation. His vigorous opposition to
the act of union between England and Ireland is a matter of
history. Few St. Patrick's Day celebrations in this generation
have gone by without the name of Henry Grattan being duly
honored. Gray, Andrew, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, as early as 1826 ; a steward of the society that
year. Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, a distinguished soldier of the Revo
lution; born at Warwick, R. I., 1742; died, 1786; was of
Quaker stock. He was made a brigadier-general of the Con
tinental Army in June, 1775, and a major-general, in August,

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 369
1776; commanded the left wing at the battle of Trenton, seized
the British artillery and cut off the enemy's retreat to Prince
ton; also participated in the battles of Brandywine, German-
town, Monmouth, and many other engagements ; sat as presi
dent of the court of inquiry on the British spy Major Andre.
Gen. Greene inflicted such a heavy loss on the British at the
battle of Eutaw Springs as to prostrate the enemy's power in
South Carolina. For his services in the war. Congress voted
Greene a captured British standard, two pieces of ordnance
taken from the enemy, and a gold medal. The state of Geor
gia presented him a fine plantation, while the state of South
Carolina also gave him a large tract of land.
Griffin, Martin I. J., an historical writer, Philadelphia, Pa. ;
born in that city, Oct. 23, 1842; a founder of the American
Catholic Historical Society, Philadelphia; editor and pub
lisher of the "American Catholic Historical Researches";
author of a " Life of Commodore John Barry," etc.
Habersham, Richard W., anniversary orator for the Hiber
nian Society, Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1825; born in Savan
nah, 1786; died at Clarkesville, Ga., 1842; graduate of
Princeton ; lawyer ; member of Congress, 1839 until his death.
His son, Alexander W., was an officer in the navy; resigned
from the service. May 30, i860, and became a merchant in
Japan. He subsequently engaged in business in Balti
more, Md.
Hagan, John (Toast to) ; an eminent merchant of New
Orleans, La. He engaged largely in the cotton trade. In a
toast he is referred to as " the friend of young Irishmen."
In 1832 there was a John Hagan, merchant, at 3 Exchange
St., New York.
Haggerty, John, was estimated in 1845-6 to be a millionaire.
He began business in New York city as a jobber; later, he
was the richest auctioneer in the city, with David Austen, the
firm being Haggerty & Austen. The latter retired and the
firm then became Haggerty & Sons. It continued to be the
largest house of the kind in the city until 1844, when Mr. Hag-
24

2-0 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
gerty, Sr., retired, owing to advanced age. Two of his sons,
John A., and William, also retired, and the firm dissolved.
Mr. Haggerty was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York.
Haggerty, Ogden, son of John Haggerty the above-men
tioned millionaire. Ogden was also a member of the New
York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. After the dissolution of
the old firm, Haggerty & Sons, auctioneers, Ogden entered a
new firm — Haggerty, Draper & Jones, auctioneers, corner of
Pine and William sts.. New York. In 1845-6, he was esti
mated to be worth $150,000. His brother, John A., was said
to be worth $200,000, and his other brother, William, $200,000.
In one work, Ogden Haggerty is mentioned as J. Ogden
Haggerty. A brother, Clement, is also mentioned.
Hall, William, president of the Boston Charitable Irish So
ciety, 1776. He was probably the William Hall who, with James
Carr and Capt. James Finney, " executed a bond of the penalty
of sixty pounds to indemnify the town on account of one
hundred and sixty-two passengers imported by the said
Finney in the Snow, Charming Molly."
Hamilton, Alexander, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, Philadelphia, in 1793; born at Nevis, W. I., 1757; fatally
wounded in a duel with Aaron Burr, 1804; patriot of the Revo
lution; captain of artillery and was at White Plains, Trenton,
Princeton and other engagements; secretary and aide-de-camp
to Washington; colonel in command of New York troops;
captured a redoubt at Yorktown; member of Congress; Secre
tary of the Treasury under President Washington; commander-
in-chief, on the death of Washington, of the Provisional Army
raised in anticipation of war with France.
Hand, Gen. Edward, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society; one of the original
members of the Society of the Cincinnati; born in Kings County,
Ireland, about 1744; studied medicine in his native land; became
surgeon's mate in the i8th Royal Irish Regiment of Foot and
came to America with it in 1767; he was commissioned Ensign

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 271
in 1772, but resigned in 1774. He identified himseU with the
cause of Liberty, and in 1775 was made Ueutenant-colonel of a
Pennsylvania corps. From then to the close of the Revolution
he rendered valiant service in behalf of the young republic.
He became Colonel, March 7, 1776; and Brigadier-General,
AprU I, 1777. He was highly esteemed by Washington. Hand
checked Lord Cornwallis at Flatbush, and held Frog's Neck
bridge against Lord Howe until reinforcements were brought
up. He cut off the retreat of the Hessians at Trenton and after
the fall of their commander, Rahl, forced them to surrender.
He was a Major-General of Pennsylvania state troops in 1794,
and in 1798 held the rank of Major-General in the Provisional
Army of the United States. He died in 1802.
Harden, George, a merchant in 1832 at 18 Cedar St., New
York city. The name appears on the roll of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, in 1835.
Harper, John, a member of the Boston Charitable Irish So
ciety, in 1739. The Society was founded in 1737. He was,
therefore, an early member of it.
Hart, Dr. George, an Irish physician who settled in Ken
tucky about 1787.
Harvey, Jacob, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, as early as 1830. In 1835, he was one of the
stewards of the Society, being elected wth John Caldwell,
Thomas Suffern, Robert Emmet and Alexander Charters.
Haslett, John (Toasts to) ; a patriot of the American Re
volution. He was born in Ireland, and coming to this coun
try, became a resident of Delaware ; for several terms a mem
ber of the State Assembly; participated in the battles of
Long Island and White Plains. On one occasion he sur
prised a British picket, took 36 prisoners, 60 muskets and
two pairs of colors; became colonel of a Delaware regi
ment, and was killed at the battle of Princeton in 1777.
His son, Joseph, was governor of Delaware in 181 1, 1814 and
1823. The name is also found spelled " Haslet."

2-2 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Hays, James, treasurer of the Hibernian Provident Society,
New York, 1808.
Heatly, Charles, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society, that city; a
lawyer in Ireland; came to Philadelphia, Pa., where he con
tinued to practice his profession; took the test oath in 1782.
His wUl was probated in 1814.
Heeney, Cornelius, a well-known resident of New York city
many years ago ; a fur merchant in 1801 at 79 and 82 Water st.
He was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, as early as 1804. In 1808 he was a member of the Stand
ing Committee of the Hibernian Provident Society, New
York. The name is sometimes spelled Heaney. Cornelius
represented his district in the State Legislature about 1817.
In 1833 and 1835 the name Cornelius Heeney appears borne
by a member of the Committee of Charity of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York.
Henry, Alexander, treasurer of the Hibernian Society, Phila
delphia; born in Ireland, 1763; came to America in 1783; a dry
goods merchant in Philadelphia; died, 1847.
Herford, G. Charles, secretary of the Hibernian Provident
Society, New York, 1809, 1810.
. Hicks, William, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, PhUadelphia; born in New York, 1735; died in
Philadelphia, 1772. He became a lawyer; recorder of deeds
for Bucks County, Pa.; appointed by Richard Penn, in 1771,
to the Provincial Council.
Hill, Henry, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, Philadelphia; born in Maryland, 1732; died, 1798;
became a merchant in Philadelphia; patriot of the Revolution;
subscribed £5,000 to aid in supplying the army with provisions;
member of the Pennsylvania Assembly; justice of the Orphans'
Court. At one time he was a member of the Hibernia Fire
Company of Philadelphia.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 373
Hill, William, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, 1797-1804. He was a member of the Society as
early as 1784. He may have been the William Hill of
" William Hill & Co.," merchants in Maiden Lane, that city.
Hobart, Judge, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, at a celebration in 1786. This was doubtless the
Hon. John S. Hobart, who was born in Fairfield, Conn., 1738,
and died in 1805. He graduated from Yale, in 1757; practiced
law in New York state; became judge of the New York Dis
trict Court, 1777. After the Revolution, he was one of the
three judges of the Supreme Court; was elected U. S. Senator
in January, 1798, but resigned in May to become judge of the
U. S. District Court, of New York.
Hogan, Dr. Robert, president of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1839-1840, 1841 and 1842.
Hogan, Michael, a prominent merchant and resident of New
York city. He was doubtless the " M. Hogan " mentioned
in the records of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York,
in 1805; a native of County Clare, Ireland, born in 1766. Be
coming a sea captain, he sailed to all quarters of the globe;
married an East India lady of great wealth and brought her
with him to New York in 1804. He is also said to have
" brought with him in solid gold sovereigns £400,000, equal to
$2,000,000." Whatever the sum, it is agreed to have been a
very large one. He embarked in the dry goods trade at 225
Broadway, on the present site of the Astor House. Later, he
engaged in a general commission and shipping business. He
became owner of the whole tract of land from 121st to 127th
street and west of Bloomingdale Road. The southern part
of this property he styled " Monte Alta," and the northern
portion " Claremont," the latter name probably being intended
to commemorate his native county — Clare — in Ireland. He is
recorded as giving " the grandest dinners that ever were given
in this city," entertaining thereat many distinguished people.
In Barrett's " Old Merchants of New York City," Mr. Hogan
is described as " the perfect Irish host and gentleman." He
had one son and three daughters. The son became a member

274 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
of Congress. Michael, the father, was appointed U. S. Consul
to Valparaiso. He died at Washington, D. C, in 1833. A
tablet to his memory may be seen in Grace church. New York
City. A grand-daughter of Michael Hogan wedded Effingham
N. Lawrence.
Holmes, Hugh, a founder and president of the Hibernian
Society of Philadelphia, and member of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, that city. In 1786, he was a dealer in cotton goods;
linens, etc. ; was later, of the firm Holmes & Rainey.
Hone, Philip, a prominent New York merchant; died in
1851, in his 71st year. He was a man of great public spirit
and closely identified with the mercantile and general progress
of the city; became mayor of New York.
Hopkinson, Judge, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, PhUadelphia, in 1784 and 1788. This was probably Francis
Hopkinson, a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He
was born in PhUadelphia, 1738, and died there in 1791; was
Judge of Admiralty, 1779 to 1789.
Howe, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1781 and 1782. This was, no doubt. Gen. Robert
Howe, a native of Brunswick, N. C, who early took the field
in the Revolutionary war. Congress made him a brigadier-
general in 1776.
Humbert, Jonas, Jr., a vice-president of the Shamrock
Friendly Association, New York, 1820; mentioned in Long-
worth's " N. Y. Directory," 1832-3, as an electrician at 16
Roosevelt st. Jonas Humbert, Sen., is set down as a baker at
23 James st.
Humphreys, Col., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, Philadelphia, in 1782. This was probably Col. David
Humphreys, who was born at Derby, Ct., in 1752, and died at
New Haven, Ct., 1818; entered the army as captain early in
the Revolution; was major of a brigade in 1777 ;an aide to Gen.
Putnam, 1778, and was made aide to Washington in 1780. He

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 375
rendered distinguished service at Yorktown, and was appointed
to convey the captured British colors to Congress; went to
France, in 1784, as secretary of legation, and was accompanied
by the gallant Kosciuszko; went to Portugal, in 1790, as U. S.
Minister; was appointed Minister to Spain in 1797; assumed
command of the Connecticut militia, 1812.
Hunter, James, a founder of the Hibernian Society, Charles
ton, S. C, about 1799.
Hunter, James, was elected president of the Hibernian So
ciety, Savannah, Ga., March 18, 1816; was the third to hold
the office. He was again elected in 1832.
Hunter, William, a founder of the Hibernian. Society,
Charleston, S. C, about 1799.
Ingham, Charles, as early as 1828 he was of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York. A portrait painter of the
name was, in 1832, located at 67 Franklin st.
Ingoldsby, Felix, a hardware dealer at 281 Pearl St., New
York ; member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city,
Irvine, B., a member of the Shamrock Friendly Associa
tion, New York, in 1817. He was one of the " Committee of
Arangement " for the St. Patrick's Day observance by the
Association that year.
Irvine, Gen. Callender, vice president, 1829-1841, of the Hi
bernian Society, Philadelphia; was made Commissary-General
of Purchases, U. S. A., 1812. His father. Gen. WiUiam Irvine,
was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia.
Gen. Callender Irvine died in 1841.
Irvine, Gen. William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia; a native of Enniskillen, Ireland; born, 1741;
joined the British army, but soon resigned; then studied medi
cine and surgery; came to this country about 1764, settling at
Carlisle, Pa., and practiced medicine there. In 1776, Congress

376

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

appointed him to the command of the Sixth Pennsylvania regi
ment. He was with Wayne and Thompson in the invasion of
Canada; commanded a brigade at the battle of Monmouth, N. J.;
was commissioned brigadier-general in May, 1779; was a mem
ber of the Continental Congress, 1786-88, and also of the State
Constitutional Convention, 1790; member of Congress, 1793-95 ;
became a major-general of Pennsylvania troops; was a presi
dential elector, 1797; and also held many other positions of
honor; died, 1804.
Jackson, Andrew, president of the United States; distin
guished general and statesman; a man of sterling worth. His
father was a native of Carrickfergus, County Antrim, Ireland,
and died soon after coming to this country. The family had,
therefore, to depend on the widowed mother who is described
as a woman of great sense and splendid benevolence. Andrew
was born in North Carolina, March 15, 1767. When but a boy
he entered the army and with his brother was captured and
consigned to a British prison ship in the harbor of Charleston,
S. C. Two of his brothers were killed during the war. After
the Revolution, Andrew practiced law, removed to NashvUle,
was a member of the convention that drafted, in 1796, the state
constitution of Tennessee; member, in 1797, of the United
States senate; judge of the Supreme Court of. Tennessee, 1798
to 1804; major-general of the militia of Tennessee, 1798 to 1814;
conductd a successful campaign against the Creek Indians. In
January, 1815, he defeated the British at the battle of New
Orleans, La. The enemy on this occasion was commanded by
Lord Pakenham, who was mortally wounded in the conflict.
In the British ranks that day were many veterans who had
fought under Wellington on the Spanish Peninsula. Paken
ham was termed the " hero of Salamanca." For this great
victory, Jackson received the thanks of Congress, and a gold
medal was awarded him. In 1817, he carried on a campaign
against the Seminole Indians which he prosecuted very suc-
cesfully. In 1821-22 he was governor of Florida, and was
again a senator of the United States in 1823-4. In 1828, he
was elected president of the United States, and was reelected
in 1832. He was made a member of the Hibernian Society of
Philadelphia, Pa., in 1819.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 377
Jackson, Daniel, member in 1835 of the New York Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick. A merchant of the name was, in 1832, in
business at 78 Pearl st., that city.
James, WUliam, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, 1828. William and John James are mentioned as mer
chants at 18 South St., New York.
James, William, Jr., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York ; a steward of the society in 1830.
Jay, John, born in New York, 1745 ; died, 1829 ; grandson of
Pierre Jay, a Frenchman of Rochelle who fled to England
upon the revocation of the Edict of Nantes. John Jay, in 1774,
married Sarah Livingston. He was a patriot of the Revolu-
lution; chief justice of New York; president of Congress;
minister plenipotentiary to Spain; a commissioner to negoti
ate peace with Great Britain; as such, signed the Definitive
Treaty at Paris, 1783; governor of New York; minister
plenipotentiary to Great Britain.
Jefferson, Thomas (Toasts to) ; third president of the United
States; born in Virginia, 1743; died there, 1826; educated at
the College of WiUiam and Mary; admitted to the bar, 1767;
member of the Virginia House of Burgesses, 1769 to 1775; a
patriot ofthe Revolution; member of the Continental Congress;
wrote the Declaration of Independence; introduced therein a
clause condemning slavery, which was stricken out; was instru
mental in having the law of primogeniture abolished in Vir
ginia; governor of Virginia, 1779 to 1781; in Congress again,
1783; succeeded Franklin as U. S. minister to France; returned
and sat in Washington's cabinet as secretary of state; was
elected president of the United States in 1800 and served two
terms. Johnson, Col. Guy (for sketch, see page 19).
Johnson, Sir William (for sketch, see page 17).
Jones, John Paul, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1781 and 1783; born in Scotland, 1747; died in

-g BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Paris, France, 1799; came to Virginia in 1773, having inherited
the estate of his brother; espoused the cause of Liberty; in
1775, Congress made him a lieutenant in the navy. It was
about this time that he added Jones to his original name of
John Paul; was made captain in the navy, 1776, and became a
terror to the enemy; descended upon the coast of England and
landed an American force at Whitehaven, overlooking the Irish
Sea, and spiked 38 British cannon there. In his flagship the
" Bonhomme Richard," and a squadron, he met and defeated
the British 44-gun ship " Serapis." For this exploit he re
ceived the thanks of Congress, and a gold medal. After the
close of the American Revolution, he entered the Russian ser
vice, became a vice-admiral, and was knighted.
Judah, Naphali, a vice-president of the Shamrock Friendly
Association, New York, 1822.
Kalb, Baron de (Toast to) ; born in France, 1721 ; became
a Brigadier-General in the French service, 1747; came to Amer
ica, in 1777, with Lafayette; was commissioned a Major-Gen
eral by Congress the same year; rendered gallant service; was
killed in battle near Camden, S. C, 1780, receiving eleven
wounds. Kavanagh, Edward, acting governor of Maine, 1842-3 ; born
at Newcastle, Me., 1795 ; died there, 1844; educated at George
town College, D. C, and Montreal Seminary, Canada; lawyer;
member of the Maine legislature, 1826-8 and 1842-3; secre
tary of the State Senate, 1830; member of Congress, 1831 to
1835; member of the commission to settle the northeastern
boundary of Maine. Governor John Fairfield having been
elected to the United States Senate, Kavanagh succeeded him
as governor of Maine.
Kearney, Daniel, member of the Friends of Ireland, New
York, in 1832 ; was one of the society's stewards that year.
Kelly, Dennis S., a vice-president of the Hibernian Provi
dent Society, New York, in 1817.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 379
Kemp, Dr., mentioned in 1805 as a member of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York. Longworth's " N. Y. Direc
tory " for 1801 mentions a James Kemp, LL.D., as " in the
college." Kennedy, Bernard, a resident of New York city, or vicinity,
during the war of 1812-15. He was probably among the
Irishmen who volunteered for work on the defences. His
wife is thus mentioned in "The Shamrock" (N. Y.), Sept.
3, 1814, the extract also being given in another part of this
work : " During the time, while 1,500 of the sons of Erin were
lately working at the forts erecting for the defence of this city,
sOme women were observed busily employed in laying sods
and driving pickets. One of them being asked, ' What
brought you here ? ' she replied, ' To assist in serving our
country, I am the .wife of Bernard Kennedy, I glory and
boast of my employment.' We are happy to be thus able
to designate one of these patriotic. females; believing, as we
do, that the flame which warms her breast burns also in that
of a great majority of her country-women."
Kennedy, John Pendleton (Toast to) ; author and lawyer ;
born in Baltimore, Md., 1795; died in Newport, R. I., 1870; a
member of the Maryland House of Delegates, 1820-3,' 1846;
elected to Congress in 1838 and reelected in 1841 and 1843.
In 1852, President Fillmore made him secretary of the navy;
became provost of the University of Maryland.
Kernochan, Joseph, a vice-president of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, New York, 1829. In 1845, he was estimated to
be worth $450,000. He made his money in the Southem trade,
and was of the firm Kernochan, Parish & Co., 126 Water st..
New York.
Kirwan, Walter Blake (Mention of) ; clergyman ; born in
County Galway, Ireland, 1754; died in Dublin, 1805.
Knowles, James Sheridan (Toast to), an Irish dramatist;
born at Cork, 1784; died at Torquay, 1862; studied medicine,
but abandoned it for the stage; wrote "Leo," which was pre-

38o

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

sented by Edmund Kean at Waterford. Knowles' play " Brian
Boroihme " was written for a Belfast theatre and made a great
hit; his "Caius Gracchus" was also a noted dramatic success
and was produced at Belfast in 1815. He wrote "Virginius"
for Edmund Kean, and among Knowles' other plays were
" William Tell," " The Hunchback," and " The Wife." Subse
quently, he retired from the stage and became a Baptist
preacher. Knox, Andrew, a founder of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, Mass., 1737. Adam Knox was admitted to the Society
the same year. A second Andrew Knox became a member in
1756, as did also William Knox. Robert Knox was admitted
to the society as a member in 1769. One of these is believed to
have been the father of Gen. Henry Knox of the Revolution,
who joined the Society in 1772. A Henry J. Knox became a
member in 1814.
Knox, Gen. Henry, of the Charitable Irish Society, Boston,
Mass., and of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia,
Pa.; after the battle of Lexington, he left Boston in disguise
and joined the patriot army; was commissioned in November,
1775) by Congress, a colonel of artillery; was made a brigadier-
general in 1776; participated in the siege of Boston; was in the
battles of Brandywine, Germantown and Monmouth; a member
of the board of officers that tried Major Andre, the British spy;
rendered valuable service at Yorktown; promoted to the rank
of Major-General; had charge of the disbandment of the army;
later, retired to private life. In 1785 he was made Secretary
of War by Congress and ih 1789 Washington continued him in
the office. Knox was one of the founders of the Society of the
Cincinnati. He died, 1806.
Kyle, Jeremiah, was a member in 1835 of the New York
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. In 1832, the firm Jeremiah
Kyle & Co., merchants, was in business at 145 Pearl st., that
city. Lafayette, Marquis de (Toasts to); born in France, 1757;
died there, 1834; married a granddaughter of the Duke de

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 381
Noailles; entered the French army as captain in a dragoon
corps. Upon the outbreak of the American Revolution, he
determined to aid the patriots ; came to this country with about
a dozen officers, including Baron de Kalb; offered his services
to Congress and was commissioned a Major-General in 1777;
a trusted friend of Gen. Washington. At the close of the
American struggle he went back to France and was made a
Major-General in the army of that country. He visited the
United States in 1784, and again in 1824.
Lambert, Charles, mentioned as a member, in 1833, of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York. There was a
Charles Lambert in business at 82 William st., that city, who
resided at 16 Cortiandt st.
Langton, Lawrence, a member of the Friends of Ireland,
New York. In 1832, he was one of the stewards of the
organization. Latimer, George, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society, that city. His
father and grandfather both came from Ireland, in 1736, and
located in Lancaster County, Pa. George was born at New
port, Del., 1750; became a lieutenant-colonel during the Revo
lution; speaker of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives,
1794; collector of the port of Philadelphia.
Laverty, Henry, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, 1825, and perhaps earlier. This was probably the
Henry Laverty who made a fortune in the dry goods business
in New York. He r',tired, and was, in 1845-6, estimated to be
worth $150,000. He is spoken of as " a very polished man."
Lawrence, Capt. (Toasts to) ; American naval officer ; Capt.
James Lawrence was born at Burlington, N. J., 1781 ; died at
sea, 1813 ; while in command of the U. S. S. " Hornet," Feb
ruary, 1813, he captured the British ship " Peacock." On
June 1, 1813, while in command of the U. S. S. " Chesapeake "
he engaged the British ship " Shannon," but after a gallant
fight was defeated, and mortally wounded.

,82 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Lee, Gideon (Mention of) ; mayor of New York city,
1833-4; born at Amherst, Mass., 1785; came to New York
city, 1807, and worked a year selling leather for a tanner of
Northampton, Mass. In 1808, Mr. Lee went into business
for himself in the famous "Swamp" district of New York;
called his place of business " Fort Lee," and it was the largest
in the " Swamp " at the time. He lived at 2,7 Frankfort st.
In 1817, he organized the New York Tannery Co., the capital
being $60,000. The members of the company were Gideon
Lee, Cunningham & McCormick, WilHam Bayard and Her-
many Le Roy, of New York, and Joseph Xifre, of Cuba.
Each of the members held $10,000 worth of the stock. They
bought 1,200 acres in Hunter, Greene co., N. Y., and estab
lished a tannery there. Lee was a member of Assembly in
1822; also an alderman and, later, mayor of the city of New
York. He became president of the Shoe and Leather Manu
facturers bank; was elected to Congress; became a presi
dential elector and voted for William Henry Harrison. Lee
died in 1841.
Leech, John (Toast to) ; a humorous draftsman and noted
artist; born in London, Eng., 1817; son of an Irishman; school
fellow of Thackeray; contributed illustrations to many notable
publications. Lemoine, Stephen P., delivered an oration before the Sham
rock Friendly Association, New York, at the St. Patrick's Day
celebration in 1819; was elected president of the organization
in 1820.
Levins, Rev. Thomas C, a Roman Catholic priest; arrived
from Europe, 1822, to take charge of the chairs of mathematics
and natural philosophy at Georgetown College; was received
into the diocese of New York a short time before the death of
Bishop Connolly; noted for his scientific acquirements; was
twice appointed a member of the Board of Examiners for
the U. S. Military Academy at West Point ; at one time edited
" The Green Banner." He is frequently mentioned as present
at gatherings of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York.
At a dinner in New York, in 1835, he is mentioned as the chap
lain of the Friendly Sons.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 383
Levris Family of Virginia, The. Writing on this subject re
cently, the Hon. Joseph T. Lawless, lately secretary of state
of Virginia, said : " Perhaps the most distinguished man of
Irish birth who identified himself completely with Virginia
was Gen. Andrew Lewis, who was born in Ireland about 1720,
and came to Virginia with his parents in 1732. John Lewis,
the father, was the first white man who fixed his home in the
mountains of West Augusta. Andrew Lewis served as a
major in the regiment commanded by Washington in the
Ohio campaign of 1754 and 1755. He served with valor in the
French and Indian wars, and was highly regarded by Wash
ington, at whose suggestion he was appointed a brigadier-
general in the Continental army. Four of his brothers served
in the Revolutionary war, one of them. Col. Charles Lewis,
being killed at Point Pleasant. No better evidence of the
value which Virginia placed on the services of this Irishman
could be wished than the fact that she deemed his effigy
worthy to stand for all time beside the immortal group of
Henry, Mason, Marshall, Nelson and Jefferson, which sur
rounds the heroic equestrian statue of Washington in the
Capitol Square at Richmond. Descendants of John Lewis,
the father of Gen. Andrew Lewis, are numerous in the State
at this day. Some of them have been very distinguished men.
John F. Lewis, who died recently, was Lieutenant Governor
of Virginia and a Senator of the United States. Lunsford
L. Lewis, his half-brother, was president of the Supreme
Court of Appeals of Virginia for 12 years, retiring from that
office a few years ago."
Lincoln, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1782 and 1783. This was doubtless Gen. Benja
min Lincoln; native of Hingham, Mass.; born in 1733; died in
Hingham, 1810; patriot of the Revolution;' was appointed
Major-General in the Continental Army, 1777; received the
sword of Cornwallis at the surrender of Yorktown; became
Secretary of War; Heutenant-governor of Massachusetts; col
lector of the port of Boston.
Linehan, John C, state insurance commissioner of New
Hampshire; treasurer-general, American-Irish Historical So-

384

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

ciety; a native of Macroom, County Cork, Ireland; born,
1840; came to the United States in October, 1849; served
in the Third New Hampshire Infantry during the Civil War ;
member of the city government. Concord, N. H., 1872-3,
1877-8; member of the council of the Governor of New Hamp
shire, 1887-8; prominent in G. A. R. circles; for two years
commander of the Department of NeW Hampshire ; president
of the New Hampshire Veterans' Association, two years;
junior vice commander-in-chief; member of pension commit
tee of the National Encampment; director of the Gettysburg
Battlefield Association for ten years ; and a working member '
of the National Encampment for eighteen years or more. He
was recently New Hampshire's candidate for national com
mander-in-chief of the G. A. R. ; many years president board
of trustees, N. H. State Industrial School ; has written numer
ous articles relating to early Irish settlers in this country.
Livingston, Henry Brockholst, born in New York city,
1757; died in Washington, D. C, 1823; patriot of the Revolu
tion; Captain, Major, Lieut.-Colonel; aide to Gen. Philip
Schuyler and to Gen. Arthur St. Clair; was with Benedict
Arnold at the surrender of the British Gen. Burgoyne; went
to Spain with his brother-in-law, John Jay, as secretary. Re
turning in 1782, he was captured by a British warship and
held as a prisoner. After the British had evacuated New
York, he established himself in that city, and, it is said, dis
pensed with his first name ; was made a puisne judge, in 1802,
of the Supreme Court of the State; became an associate jus
tice of the U. S. Supreme Court.
Lowry, William, in 1795 he was major of the first battalion
of the 27th regiment, Baltimore, Md. His command was
announced to parade on St. Patrick's Day that year. He
subsequently became colonel of the regiment.
Luzerne, Anne Caesar De La, a guest of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, PhUadelphia, 1782; born in Paris, 1741; died in
England, 1791; colonel in the French army; was French minis
ter to the United States, remaining here four years; retumed
to France in 1783.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 385
Lynch, Dominick, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, as early as 1786; a prominent merchant; was
of the firm Lynch & Stoughton, New York. A biographical
sketch of Mr. Lynch was published some years ago in the
" American Catholic Historical Researches." It was written
by Richard H. Clarke, LL.D., and treated the subject at great
length. According to Dr. Clarke, Mr. Lynch was born in
Galway, Ireland, in 1754. He was a descendant of the eighty-
four mayors of Galway who bore the distinguished name of
Lynch. He married his cousin, Jane Lynch, a native of
Dublin. Shortly after, Dominick and his wife went to reside
at Bruges, in Flanders, where he established a commercial
house, a branch of his father's in Galway. He amassed a
handsome fortune in Bruges and three of his children were
born there. While engaged in business in Bruges he became
acquainted with Don Thomas Stoughton, a merchant having
commercial relations With France and Spain. Eventually,
Lynch and Stoughton formed a co-partnership for the pur
pose of conducting business in America. The articles of co
partnership were dated March 10, 1783; the capital agreed
upon was £7,500, of which amount Lynch furnished £5,000
and Stoughton, £2,500. Stoughton, in pursuance of the agree
ment, came to New York city and opened the business house
of Lynch & Stoughton. Lynch visited London and Galway,
and in 1785 sailed for America, reaching New York June 20,
of that year. Stoughton was a bachelor, and Mr. and Mrs.
Lynch, their three children and a number of servants, went
to reside with him. Later, Stoughton was made Spanish
consul at New York. Eventually, differences broke out be
tween the partners, the firm was dissolved and each member
sued the other. These two suits in chancery, Stoughton vs.
Lynch and Lynch vs. Stoughton, were tried before Chancel
lor Kent and after pending for over twenty years, were finally
decided adverse to Lynch. The latter had to pay Stoughton,
besides fines and costs, $25,076. After the dissolution of the
firm. Lynch retired in affluent circumstances largely on ac
count of the wealth he had amassed in Bruges. It was said
of him in New York that " he dispensed a bountiful and re
fined hospitality." He was an earnest Catholic, gave liberally
of his means to forward church work and was one of the rep-
25

386

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

resentative men who signed the " Catholic Address " to
George Washington. It is said of Lynch that upon arriving
in New York, in 1785, he brought a large amount of specie
with him and the advent of a man with such extensive finan
cial resources created quite a stir. He was at one time
offered, for what would to-day be considered a ridiculously
small sum, a farm of twenty acres near City Hall, New York.
He declined to buy the property, but with the same amount
of money purchased 697 acres near Fort Stanwix on the Mo
hawk river. Before the year 1800 he had increased his hold
ings there to about 2,000 acres. As' early as 1796, he laid
this property out in village lots, and called the place Lyncb-
ville. Later, he changed the name to Rome, perhaps in honor
of the Eternal City. Between the years 1800 and 1820, he
built a woolen mill, a cotton factory and a saw-mlU at Rome,
which place he had founded. It is said that the southeast
corner of Fort Stanwix was levelled to make room for a man
sion erected by him. In 1797, Dominick purchased an estate
in West Chester county, N. Y., bordering Long Island
Sound. Here he built a magnificent stone residence after
the style of chateaus he had seen in Flanders. This was his
home for the remainder of his life. He continued to dispense
"munificent hospitality, took a leading part in the social
events of the metropolis, and manifested to the end a zeal
ous and active zeal in the growth of the Catholic church in
New York." He died in 1825 and his widow, in 1849. -^t
his death, his children were thirteen in number, i.e.-^James,
Anastasia, Anthony, Dominick, Alexander, Margaret, Jasper,
Jane, Henry, Harriet, Louisa, Edward and William. By the
marriage of these children, the family has become allied with
many of the old families of New York and Pennsylvania, in
cluding the Tillotsons, Shippens, Leas, Laurences, Nortons,
Luquers, Pringles, Maitlands, Harveys, Ridgways, etc.
James Lynch, the oldest of Dominick's thirteen children, re
sided in Rome, N. Y., represented Oneida county in the state
legislature for several years, and was later a judge of the
Court of Sessions, and of the Marine, now City, Court, of New
York. Dominick Lynch, 2d, at the time of, and after, his
father's death became a prominent merchant in New York
City. This second Dominick was spoken of as " the most

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 387
fashionable man in New York." He made quite a reputation
as proprietor of Lynch's Chateau Margeaux, Lynch's Sauterne
and Lynch's Lucca Oil. It is said of him that he " coined
money and spent it with the freedom of a prince," and that
he " went into the best society." He resided on Greenwich
street " opposite the Battery." He died in 1844. , He " was
a Roman Catholic as his father had been." Dominick Lynch,
3d, grandson of the first Dominick, was a man of great pub
lic spirit, an elegant conversationalist and the possessor of
musical talents. He became a naval officer, served under
Perry in the Mexican war, and was also in the Civil War. He
died in 1884. Dominick Lynch, 4th, was a lieutenant in the
Fourth U. S. Cavalry and died some years ago. Speaking of
the Lynches and others, Barrett's " Old Merchants of New
York City " says : " These Irish families are the cream of the
cream of the old families here."
Lynch, Thomas, Jr., a signer of the Declaration of Inde
pendence ; bom in St. George's parish, S. C, 1749 ; died at sea,
1779. After completing his education, he located on a planta
tion on the Santee river. Near the close of 1775, he was
elected to succeed his sick father in Congress. He himself
was obliged to leave Congress in the fall of 1776, owing to ill-
health. Late in 1779, he sailed for Europe, via St. Eustatius.
The vessel and all on board are believed to have been lost as
nothing was ever again heard of them.
L3mch, Ulysses, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, 1771; was from the neighborhood of Newry, Ireland,
and was related to George Maxwell Nesbitt.
Macdonough, Thomas (Toasts to) ; distinguished American
naval ofiicer; born at Newcastle, Del., 1783; died at sea, 1825.
His father, an Irishman, served as an officer in the patriot ranks
during the Revolution. Thomas, the subject of this sketch,
became a midshipman, 1800; lieutenant, 1807; commander, 1813;
defeated the British on Lake Champlain, 1814; was promoted
to captain for this victory and given the thanks of Congress.
Mackay, Capt. William, president of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society, 1770, 1771. ^772, i773. i774. and in 1784, 1785,
1786.

388

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

Macmurphy, John, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, in 1738. He is mentioned in the records as a " Donor."
Macneven, WiUiam James, born in County Galway, Ire
land, 1763; died in New York, 1841; was educated at Prague
and Vienna; graduated in medicine, 1784; returned to Ireland
and joined the patriotic movement; was arrested, in conse
quence, and imprisoned for four years; on his release, he pro
ceeded to France and became an officer in an Irish corps in
that country; came to the United States, in 1804, with Thomas
Addis Emmet; attained great distinction in New York in the
profession of medicine; in 1808 was made professor of obstet
rics in the College of Physicians and Surgeons, and later filled
the chair of chemistry and materia medica; was the author of
several valuable works; associate editor for three years of the
" Medical and Philosophical Journal " ; president of the Friends
of Ireland and a recognized leader, generally, of the Irish people
in New York.
Macomb, Alexander, president of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1791. He is believed to have been the
Alexander Macomb (father of Gen. Alexander Macomb), who
with William Constable and Daniel McCormick made extensive
purchases of land in the state of New York about 1787-1791.
Mr. Macomb was born at Belfast, Ireland, in 1748; died at
Georgetown, D. C, 1832. He came to this country in his youth,
subsequently engaged in the fur business at Detroit and was
associated with John Jacob Astor, Elias Kane and various other
people. Removing to New York city, he went into the ship
ping business, and land speculation; purchased great tracts of
land in North Carolina, Georgia, Kentucky and New York.
One of these was known as " Macomb's Purchase " and com
prised 3,670,715 acres in northern New York. This purchase
was made in 1791, and both Daniel McCormick and WiUiam
Constable are believed to have been associated with him in the
transaction. Gen. Alexander Macomb, his son herein men
tioned, entered the army in 1799 as a cavalry cornet, and at
the outbreak of the War of 1812 was a lieutenant colonel of
engineers and adjutant-general of the army. He became a
brigadier-general, commanded the military post on Lake Cham-

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 389
plain, defeated the British at Plattsburg, Sept. 14, 1814, was
made a major-general for the exploit, and was thanked by Con
gress and awarded a gold medal. In 1835 he became general-
in-chief of the armies of the United States. Gen. Macomb's son,
William H., entered the navy in 1834, and in 1862 attained the
rank of commodore. He was lighthouse inspector in 1871.
Macomb, John N., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, as far back as 1805. In Longworth's "Ameri
can Almanac, New York Register and City Directory," for
1801, a John N. Macomb is mentioned as a " merchant," 9
Duane st.. New York.
Madison, Janies (Toast to) ; fourth president of the United
States; bom in Virginia, 1751; died there, 1836. His mother
was Eleanor Conway. Her family is stated to have been
Irish settlers in Prince Orange County, Va.; James was gradu
ated from the College of New Jersey, and studied law; was
elected to the Virginia Assembly in 1776; became a member
of Congress in 1779, and was also in Congress, 1789 to 1797;
was appointed Secretary of State, in 1801, by President Jeffer
son; was elected president of the United States. In 1812, he
declared war against Great Britain; proclaimed a treaty of peace
in February, 1815.
Magee, Capt. James, a member of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society as early as 1791. This was probably Capt.
James Magee, a patriot of the Revolution and an intrepid naval
commander. Magee, Janies, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, 1817-1820. A James Magee was a well-known
New York merchant about that time ; one of the incorporators
of the Society, 1827.
Maginness, Edward, a vice president, 1832, of the Friends
of Ireland, New York.
Magner, John, treasurer of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, 1804, 1805, 1806, 1807, 1808 and 1809.

3po BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Magrath, WiUiam, founder, in 1817, of St. Patrick's Benevo
lent Society, Charleston, S. C. He had previously been a
member of the Hibernian Society of that city. He was the
father of the Hon. A. G. Magrath, Governor of South Carolina.
Magwood, Simon, president of the Hibernian- Society,
Charleston, S. C, 1806 to his death in 1836 or 1837. He be
queathed the Society $1,000, the income to be used for char
itable purposes. He was born in the County Monaghan, Ire
land, in 1763, and arrived in Charleston, S. C, Aug. i, 1785;
he was vice president of the Hibernian Society, 1803 to 1805,
and president as above stated.
Mahon, Charles, of the Shamrock Friendly Association,
New York. In 1819, he was secretary of the society. His
address was given as " 86 Maiden Lane."
Malcolm, Capt. Daniel, admitted to the Boston Charitable
Irish Society in 1766; a prominent business man; was " a true
friend to Liberty, a friend to the Publick, an enemy to oppres
sion and one of the foremost in opposing the Revenue acts on
America." In 1766, he was placed on a committee With Otis,
Hancock, Adams and seventeen other leading men, to wait
upon the British governor to seek relief from certain griev
ances. He died in 1769.
Malcolm, Thomas A., a founder of the Hibernian Society,
Charleston, S. C.
Marion, Gen. Francis, born in South Carolina, 1732; died,
1793; a patriot of the Revolution; served in the defence of
Fort Sullivan, 1776; at Savannah, 1779, and at the siege of
Charleston; in 1780 was made a brigadier-general by Gover
nor Rutledge of South Carolina. He was a bold and valiant
leader. Cornwallis, the British general, wrote that Marion
"so wrought on the minds of the people that there was
scarcely an inhabitant between the Santee and the Peedee that
was not in arms against us."
Marshall, John, a resident of New York, 1762. His house
was " at Mount Pleasant, near the college." A St. Patrick's
Day celebration took place at his house that year.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 391
Matignon, Francis A., Roman Catholic priest at Boston;
was a French exile, forced from home by the Revolution in
that country. He arrived in Boston, from Baltimore, Md., in
1792, and at once began active work as a priest; a man of talent,
devotion and kindliness. He is mentioned herein in connection
with St. Patrick's Day celebrations in Boston; died, 1818.
Maturin (Toast to) ; there were two Maturins, father and
son, both natives of Ireland and both of great literary abUity.
The father. Rev. Charles R. Maturin, was born about 1782 and
was the author of a number of novels and other works. The
son, Edward Maturin, was born about 1812; came to the United
States about 1832, with letters of introduction from Richard
Lalor SheU, Thomas Moore and other noted people; studied
law under Charles O'Conor of New York; was admitted to the
bar; professor of Greek in a South CaroHna College; returned
to New York and was for many years a professor of Greek,
Latin, BeUes Lettres, etc.; was an author of note; died, 1881.
Maunsell, Gen. John, was a member of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, New York, in 1789. He is described as a " Major
General in his Britannic Majesty's service." Later he is referred
to as " now in New York City." He may have retired from
the British service at the close of the Revolution and decided
to become a permanent resident of the new republic. A
codicil to his last will, August 2, 1790, gives to his wife Eliza
beth certain real estate in Harlem. The witnesses were Hugh
Gaine, Philip Ten Eyck and Charles Watkins. Gaine was, for
several years, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York. Gen Maunsell's wife is, in, 1793, spoken of as
widow. This would indicate that the General had died during,
or before, that year.
McAllister, Matthew Hall, anniversary orator of the Hi
bernian Society, Savannah, Ga., March 17, 1835; born in
Savannah, 1800; died in San Francisco, Cal., 1865; lawyer;
practiced in his native city. In 1827, was made U. S. Dis
trict Attorney, (which office had also been held by his father
under President Washington) ; member of the state legis
lature; mayor of Savannah; removed to California; in 1855,

202 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
was appointed U. S. Circuit judge there; degree of LL.D.,
from Columbia, i860.
M'Beth, Alexander, a vice president of the Hibernian Pro
vident Society, New York, 1808 and possibly in other years.
At one time he resided at " No. 18 Orchard st."
McBride, James, president of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1834. He came from Armagh, Ireland; com
menced business in New York city as far back as 1795; promi
nent as an importer of Irish Hnens. As early as 1805, he was
a ship owner; proprietor of a wharf at the foot of Cortiandt
street, his business office being at 2 Dey street. He is spoken of
as " a splendid-looking man." It is said of him that he " was
a director in banks, insurance companies, and in fact all
moneyed corporations, where he would consent to have his
name used." He loaned the United States government $10,000
during the war of 1812. Died, 1858. In 1845, McBride was
estimated to be worth $700,000.
McCafferty, Patrick, a steward of the Friends of Ireland,
New York, in 1832.
McCartin, Owen, member of the Committee of Accounts of
the Shamrock Friendly Association, New York, 1822.
McCarty, Charles, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, about 1805. There was a grocer of the name at 47
Cherry st.. New York.
McCarthy, Denis, a vice-president of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, New York, 1832, 1833, 1834 and probably in other
years. His first name is also found spelled Dennis, and the
iast name, McCarty.
McClenachan, Blair, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, Pa.; a native of Ireland; became a prominent mer
chant in Philadelphia; one of the founders of the famous First
Troop of that city; was a member of the Hibernia Fire Co., of
the Gloucester Fox Hunting Club, and of the Hibernian So-

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 393
ciety, Philadelphia; an ardent participant in the cause of Ameri
can liberty; in 1780, he subscribed £10,000 in aid 6f the patriot
army; became an extensive ship owner; fitted out privateers
during the Revolution; a member of the Pennsylvania As
sembly, 1790-95; member of the National House of Represen
tatives, 1797-99; was appointed commissioner of loans by
President Jefferson; died, 1812.
McClure, Francis, commander of the Republican Greens,
(rifiemen). New York City. This organization was in exist
ence as early as 1808. Their uniform is described as consist
ing of a light green coat, white pantaloons and a black helmet
of leather. The command was also known in New York as
the " Irish Greens." Early in the War of 1812, the " Greens "
were consolidated with Capt. Stryker's riflemen, by the
Govemor, and designated as the First regiment of New York
riflemen. McClure was appointed to the command of the regi
ment. Stryker's men also wore green coats. Speaking of
McClure's regiment, R. S. Guernsey, in his work on " New
York and Vicinity During the War of 1812-15," says: "That
part of it formerly called the ' Republican Greens ' having ex
pressed a desire to aid in the conquest of Canada, they were
excepted from the command of Lieut. Col. Van Buren, sta
tioned on Long Island, and on the 23d of September they
embarked from New York on board sloops to Albany as volun
teers for a six months' service on the Niagara frontier. There
were five companies under Captains Tate, Powers, H. Walker,
Dillon, and A. Walker." McClure commanded the regiment.
Upon arriving at the Niagara frontier, companies from Albany
and Baltimore were added, thus bringing the regiment up to
eleven companies. McClure was then in command of the regi
ment as Lieut.-Colonel. He served under Gen. Alex. Smyth in
upper Canada in November, 1812, and was at the head of his
regiment at the capture of York (Toronto) in April, 1813, and
at the capture of Fort George, May 27, 1813. McClure com
manded the Republican Greens in the Fourth of July parades.
New York, in 1808, 1809, 181 1 and probably in other years.
He offered a toast at the St. Patrick's Day observance by the
Hibernian Provident Society, New York, in 1814. There was
also a John McClure of New York, who, during the war of

294 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
i8i2 was assigned to command the second battalion of the
97th regiment.
McCluskey, William, a vice-president of the Shamrock
Friendly Association, New York, 1822.
McConnell, James, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, 1805, and probably earlier. As far back as 1801, there
was a merchant of the name at 4 Depeyster St., New York.
McCormick, Daniel, founder and for many years president
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York; born in Ireland;
came to this country poor, prior to the Revolution, but amassed
a large fortune; was a member of the New York firm, Moore,
Lynsen & Co., auctioneers. At a subsequent period, conducted
the same business by himself. He had a vendue store on Wall
street; was a member of the First Presbyterian church. Wall
street. In 1789 and 1790, he was an alderman, representing
the East Ward; was one of the first directors of the Bank of
New York and continued a member of the board for two de
cades; was as'sociated with William Constable and Alexander
Macomb in extensive land speculations. Mr. McCormick was
a bachelor, but was noted for his hospitality and " strict re
ligious principles." As early as 1786, he is mentioned as Grand
Treasurer of the Grand Lodge of Free and Accepted Masons of
New York; was a director in the United Insurance Co. Bar
rett's " Old Merchants of New York City " states that " Mr.
McCormick was a glorious example of the old New Yorker "
and " stuck to short breeches and white stockings and buckles
to the last." He was a great entertainer, " gave good dinner
parties and had choice old wines upon the table." He is also
mentioned as " one of the most polished gentlemen of the city."
He died in New York, Jan. 31, 1834, and " was the last occu
pant of a first-class dwelHng on Wall street, since whoUy de
voted to business." For further mention of Mr. McCormick
see Chapter X.
McCormick, David, treasurer of the Hibernian Society,
Philadelphia, 1796-1797; a merchant in that city; a member of
the Volunteer Greens, a Philadelphia Troop, in 1794.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 395
McCormick, Robert, a resident of Boston in 1803. The
Charitable Irish Society dined that year, as we learn from
its records, " at Robert McCormick's."
McDonnell, WUliam, a resident of New York. He gave a
" Public Dinner " in that city on St. Patrick's Day, 1829. The
event took place " at the Bowery Long Room, 58 Bowery."
McDonough, Malachi, of the Hibernian Provident Society,
New York, in 1817; was a member of the Standing Committee
that year.
McDougall, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1783. This was doubtless Gen. Alexander Mc
Dougall, a native of Scotland; born, 1731; died in New York
city, 1786; was identified with the Sons of Liberty; colonel of
the First New York regiment. He was made a brigadier-
general in 1776; took part in the battles of Long Island, White
Plains and other actions; became a Major-general in the Con
tinental Army and participated in the battle of Germantown;
member of Congress.
McEvers, Gulian, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, 1805. Possibly he was related to James and Charles
McEvers, New York merchants. James was an importer of
European and Indian goods, at Hanover Square. On the pas
sage of the Stamp Act, he was appointed stamp distributor
in New York, but later resigned the office. He died Sept. 8,
1768. Charles McEvers was his brother, and died Sept. 4,
1808. Charles had a place of business near the Meal Market
where he sold dry goods, teas and Irish goods, as early as
1759, and was later on Dock st. He was a member, in 1774,
of the Committee of Correspondence. He succeeded his
brother in business on the death of the latter.
McGonigle, Peter, a member, in 1817, of the Standing Com
mittee of the New York Hibernian Provident Society.
McGrath, Daniel, of the New York Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick. He was probably the coachmaker of the name whose
place of business was, in 1832, on Elm St., that city, and his
residence at 348 Broadway.

396

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

Mclntire, NeiU, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, Mass., in 1743; president of the same.
Mcintosh, Gen. (Toast to). This was probably Gen. Lach
lan Mcintosh, a patriot of the American Revolution. The lat
ter was born in Scotland, 1725; died at Savannah, Ga., 1806.
His father arrived, in 1736, with Oglethorpe and settled in
Georgia. Lachlan, the subject of this sketch, became a
Brigadier-General in the Revolution; took part in the siege of
Savannah, 1779; was captured by the British, 1780; was a mem
ber of Congress in 1784.
McKean, Thomas, first president of the Hibernian Society,
Philadelphia; born in Chester County, Pa., 1734; died in Phila
delphia, 1817; a signer of the Declaration of Independence;
member of the Continental Congress, 1774 to 1783; president
of the state of Delaware 1777 to 1779; Chief- Justice of Penn
sylvania; governor of Pennsylvania.
McKeon, Capt. James, a prominent resident of New York
City many years ago. He was president of the Hibernian
Provident Society there as far back as 1817, and he also appears
as president of the Shamrock Friendly Association, New York,
about 1819-20 and in 1822. He was a captain in the Third
U. S. Artillery and participated in the conflict of 1812. In
a toast at a banquet of the Shamrock Friendly Association,
in 1822, he is thus mentioned : " Our President, Captain
James McKeon, who in whatever station he has been placed,
has always acted with honour to himself, and usefulness to
the cause of liberty, and suffering humanity, whether defend
ing the country of his adoption on the banks of the Niagara,
or at the head of a philanthropic society * * *; " father of
Hon. John McKeon.
M'Keon, Lieut. P., a member of the Shamrock Friendly So
ciety, New York. In 1822 he was elected a member of the
committee of accounts, of the organization. He was probably
the Lieut. M'Keon who held a commission in the U. S. army
during our second war with England.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 397
McKinley, John, a vice president of the Hibernian Provident
Society, New York, 1808, and possibly in other years.
McLane, John, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, 1768. This was probably the John McLane who was
a slater, and who, in 1766, presented a bill for £82 to the town
for repairs done by him on Fajieuil Hall.
McLaughlin, Peter, in 1835 his name appears on the roll
of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New Yorki In 1832,
there were two of the name in that city. Both of them were
grocers, one being located at 409 Greenwich st., and the other
on Elm St., near Franklin.
McNeU, Robert, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, in 1784. In the Boston directory for 1789 is men
tioned " Robert McNeil, merchant, 29 Long Wharf."
McNeU, WUliam, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish
Society in 1772. He was probably of the firm William
McNeil & Son, " rope-makers," who, in 1789, were at " Fort
Hill, Cow Lane," Boston.
McNeUl, Archibald, admitted to the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, in 1743. He was designated by the Society, in 1770,
to wait upon Robert Auchmuty with reference to a certain
bond of the organization.
McNeill, Capt. Daniel, member of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society. In 1797, he was on a committee of that organi
zation to arrange for an observance of St. Patrick's Day.
McVickar, John (also written, McVicker) ; a member of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1790; born
in Ireland; arrived in New York when about 17 years of age;
became a successful merchant; sent to Ireland for his brother
Nathan. The firm became John & Nathan McVickar, and later
John McVickar & Co. John became a director of the Bar.':
of New York in 1793 and continued as such until 1810. He was
also a director of the United Insurance Co., and a vestryman

2gg BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
of Trinity Church. He had a country seat at Bloomingdale,
and was " one of the most sterling men in the city." John Mc
Vickar & Co., " were the heaviest importers of Irish linens into
the New York market." A son of John became a professor in
Columbia College.
McVickar, Nathan (also written, McVicker) ; secretary of
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1812-1814, 1815-
1816; probably the brother of John McVickar.
Meade, George, a native of Philadelphia, Pa., born, 1741;
died, 1808; son of Robert Meade " a native of County Limerick,
Ireland " ; George in partnership with his brother, Garrett, was
engaged in the importation of European and East India goods
as early as 1763; in 1765 he and his brother signed the Non-
Importation agreement. George joined the Third Battalion of
Associators in 1775; served on several public committees. Left
Philadelphia with his family on the advance of the British; re
turned after the evacuation by the latter and began business
again; in 1780 his firm — George Meade & Co., subscribed £2000
to the bank that had been organized to supply provisions to the
army; long prominent in Philadelphia mercantile circles; held
various offices of trust and honor; married Henrietta Con
stantia, who was a daughter of Rfchard Worsam, of Barbadoes ;
Mr. and Mrs. Meade had ten chUdren. Mr. Meade was one of
the original members of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia. Mease, James, a native of Strabane, County Tyrone, Ireland ;
brother of John and Matthew Mease; one of the original mem
bers of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa.;
shipping merchant in Philadelphia; member of the Committee
of Correspondence, 1774; of the Committee of Safety, 1775;
was made paymaster and treasurer of the Continental Army,
Nov. 10, 1775; was appointed Clothier-General of the army, in
1777, by Washington; subscribed £5000 to the bank instituted
to furnish the army with provisions ; died, 1785.
Mease, John, a patriot of the Revolution, native of Strabane,
County Tyrone, Ireland; brother of James and Matthew

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 399
Mease; became a shipping merchant in PhUadelphia; was a
member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city, of the
Hibernia Fire Company and of the Gloucester Fox Hunting
Club. Mease, Matthew, brother of James and John ; born in Stra
bane, County Tyrone, Ireland; came to this country early in
life and located in Philadelphia. An uncle, John Mease, was
a prominent merchant in that city; Matthew enlisted in the
navy and was made purser of the " Bonhomme Richard." He
died in Philadelphia, 1787; was an original member of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, of Pljiladelphia.
Meredith, Samuel, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; born in Philadelphia, 1740; died
in Luzerne County, Pa., 1817; patriot of the Revolution; con
tributed £10,000 to assist the patriots; member of the Con
tinental Congress; treasurer of the United States; advanced
$140,000 of his own money to the government and was, it is
asserted, never reimbursed.
Miffin, Gen., he was a guest of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, Philadelphia, in 1786 and 1793, and of the Hibernian
Society in 1791. This was, no doubt, Gen. Thomas MifHin;
born in Philadelphia, 1744; died at Lancaster, Pa., 1800; mem
ber of the first Continental Congress, 1774; was with Gen.
Washington, at Cambridge, Mass., as aide-de-camp; attaiiied
the rank of major-General, 1777; president of Congress; gov
ernor of Pennsylvania.
Miller, Zachariah, first treasurer of the Hibernian Society,
Savannah, Ga. ; was elected to the position May 11, 1812.
Mitchell, D. B., governor of Georgia; officially assented to
the Act of Incorporation of the Hibernian Society, of Savan
nah, Dec. 10, 1812.
Mitchell, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia; vice president of the same; born in Ireland; a mer
chant ; was Muster Master-General of the Pennsylvania State

400 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Navy, 1775-76; Acting Commissary, i77(>-^777\ lieutenant on the
"Chatham", 1775; captain of the "Ranger", 1776; was a
merchant in France after the American Revolution; was later
U. S. Consul at Santiago de Cuba; admiralty surveyor of Phila
delphia. Mitchell, Randle, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila-r
delphia, and of the Hibernia Fire Company; born in Ireland;
a brother of John Mitchell, just mentioned. About 1773,
Randle moved from Philadelphia to New Jersey.
Mitchell, William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia ; first secretary and treasurer of the same ; member of
the Philadelphia mercantile firm of Carsan, Barclay & Mitchell,
and later of the firm Barclay & Mitchell.
Monroe, James (Toasts to) ; fifth president of the United
States ; author of the Monroe Doctrine. He was born in Vir
ginia, 1759; died in New York city, 183 1 ; a graduate of the
College of William and Mary ; patriot of the Revolution ; par
ticipated in the battles of Harlem Plains, White Plains, and
Trenton; wounded in the latter action, and was promoted to
a captaincy ; also took part in the battles of Brandywine, Ger
mantown and Monmouth ; studied law ; member of the Virginia
Assembly, delegate to Congress, United States Senator, min
ister to France, governor of Virginia, envoy to France, U. S.
Minister to the court of St. James; secretary of State under
President Madison; Was Secretary of War, 1814-15. He was
elected President of the United States in 1816, and was reelected.
Montesquieu, Charles de Secondat, a French philosopher;
born near Bordeaux, 1689; died in Paris, 1755; became president
a mortier of the parliament of Bordeaux; member of the French
Academy; author of " De I'esprit des lois," etc.
Montgomery, Gen. Richard (Toasts to) ; a native of Ireland,
born near Raphoe, 1736; kiUed in the attack on Quebec, 1775;
was educated at Trinity College, in the Irish capital; entered
the British army and was with Wolfe at the siege of Louisburg
in 1756; was also with Amherst in the latter's operations against
the French forts on Lake Champlain, 1759; became a captain

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 401
and was in the campaign against Havana. He sold out his
commission, purchased an estate at Rhinebeck on the Hudson
river and wedded a daughter of R. R. Livingston. At the out
break of the Revolution, he sided with the patriots, was made
a brigadier-general by Congress and without loss of time began
active operations. He invaded Canada, captured St. John, on
the Sorel river; took Montreal soon afterwards and with great
energy pushed on and laid siege to Quebec. On Dec. 9, 1775,
Congress commissioned him a major-general. He invested
Quebec and on Dec. 31, 1775, bravely attempted to carry the
city by a direct assault. In the conflict he was slain and the
success of the Americans was thus prevented. He was buried
at Quebec, but in 1818 his remains were conveyed to New York
and interred at St. Paul's church in that city. On this occa
sion there was a great parade, in which the leading Irish so
cieties of New York participated.
Montgomery, John, admitted in 1791 to the Charitable
Irish Society, Boston. The Boston directory for 1789 men
tions "John Montgomery, merchant. Woodward's Wharf."
Montgomery, J. B., treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1826, 1827, 1828, 1829. J. Montgomery,
secretary in 1817-1820 may have been the same individual.
Moore, Thomas (Toasts to) ; talented and famous Irish poet ;
born at Dublin, 1779; died, 1852. Among the productions on
which much of his fame rests may be mentioned: " Odes of
Anacreon," " Odes and Epistles," " Irish Melodies," " LaUa
Rookh," and " The Epicurean." He also wrote a " History of
Ireland." He visited the United States and traveUed here,
1803-4. Moorhead, John, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1832, 1833. We also find this name spelled
Moorehead. Moorhead, John, a member of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, as early as 1739. He was born in the vicinity of Bel
fast, Ireland, 1703; first pastor of the Presbyterian church in
26

-02 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Boston, which was inaugurated in 1727. Several members of
the Charitable Irish Society were members of this church.
Morris, Andrew, he is mentioned in 1805 as of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York, and may have been the An
drew Morris who had a store at 22 Water st., that city.
Morris, Robert, an honorary member of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; a signer of the Declaration of Inde
pendence. He was born in England about 1734; died in Phila
delphia, Pa., 1806. He landed in America when but thirteen
years of age, and became a wealthy merchant; has been styled
"the financier of the Revolution"; subscribed £10,000 to the
bank that had been established to supply the patriot army
with provisions, and otherwise greatly assisted the government
with his money and credit. In February, 1781, he was ap
pointed, by the government. Superintendent of Finance and
occupied the position untU his resignation in November, 1781 ;
became U. S. Senator from Pennsylvania; retired from the
Senate in 1795. Owing to the dishonesty of a man associated
with him in land speculation, Morris was financially ruined,
and was incarcerated in a debtors' prison from Feb. 16, 1798,
to Aug. 26, 1801.
Morrison, John, a resident of New York as early as 1808-9;
is described as " of the house of Morrison & Nixon, William
street." Morton, Dr. Andrew, vice president of the Hibernian Pro
vident Society, New York, 1802. An Andrew Morton, prob
ably the same, is mentioned as of " the Phcenix Fire Com
pany," in 1808-9.
Moultrie, Gen., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1782. He was doubtless Gen. WUliam Moul
trie; born in South Carolina, 1731; died in that state, 1805; a
distinguished patriot and soldier; was made a prisoner by the
British at Charleston, S. C, in 1780, but was exchanged for
Burgoyne; attained the rank of Major-General; was governor
of South Carolina, 1785-6 and 1794 to 1796.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 403
Moylan, Stephen, first president of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa.; born in Ireland, 1734; was a brother
of the Roman Catholic Bishop of Cork. Stephen came to
America before the Revolution, and attained notable success
as a merchant in Philadelphia; enlisted in the patriot army and
was with the American forces before Boston, 1775; was ap
pointed quartermaster-general by Congress, 1776, and placed
on Washington's staff; later, he resigned this position and re
cruited a regiment of horse — the Fourth Pennsylvania Light
Dragoons; became greatly distinguished as a cavalry leader.
After the war, Moylan was recorder and register of Chester
county, Pa., and held other positions of trust and honor. He
married a daughter of Philip Van Horne, colonial governor of
New Jersey. Moylan's half brothers, John and Jasper, were
also members of the Philadelphia Friendly Sons of St. Patrick.
Gen. Moylan died in Philadelphia, 181 1.
Muhlenberg, Speaker, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, Philadelphia, in 1781 and 1782. This was probably
Frederick Augustus Muhlenberg who was speaker of the First
and Second Congresses. He was bom at La Trappe, Pa., 1750,
and died at Lancaster, Pa., 1801. Another prominent man of
the name was John P. G. Muhlenberg, also a native of La
Trappe, Pa., who rendered valiant service during the Revolu
tion and became a Major-General. He became vice-president
of Pennsylvania, and U. S. Senator.
Muir, (Toast to). John Muir was born at Glasgow, Scot
land, 1765; died at Chantilly, France, 1798. He was a lawyer;
elder of the church at Cadder, Lanarkshire, and a man of in
fluence. He was identified with the movement for parlia
mentary reform and attended meetings in its interest at Kirk
intilloch and elsewhere. He took part in the movement's con
vention at Edinburgh and there read an address from the
United Irishmen, which had been transmitted by Archibald
Hamilton Rowan. In this address pleasure was expressed
that " the spirit of freedom moves on the face of Scotland, and
that the light seems to break from the chaos of her internal
government." In 1793, Muir was arrested on a charge of
sedition, liberated on bail and subsequently rearrested, tried.

404 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
convicted, and sentenced to 14 years transportation. He was
taken to Botany Bay, with T. F. Palmer and others; Sym
pathizers in the United States fitted out a vessel, the " Otter,"
and rescued him from his imprisonment. While on a Spanish
frigate, the latter was attacked by two English ships, Muir
was wounded and eventually died of his injuries.
Muldon, Michael, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1821-1824, 1825.
MuUany, James, secretary of the Hibernian Provident So
ciety, New York, 1807.
Murphy, William, a resident of New York city in 1809;
issued a pamphlet " To the People of the State of New York,"
relative to a political incident that year. He was a member
of the Hibernian Provident Society.
Murray, Ham, a member in 1835 of the New York Friendly
Sons of St, Patrick. This was probably HamUton Murray,
a merchant at 72 South st.. New York. He resided at
39 Fourth St., that city.
Murray, Rev. John, admitted to membership in the Boston
Charitable Irish Society, 1797. There were two Rev. John
Murrays in Boston or vicinity during the Revolution. One
of them was an Irishman and the other, of English birth.
The former was a Presbyterian and was born in Ireland in
1742. He died at Newburyport, Mass., in 1793. He came to
America in 1763 and was first located as pastor in Philadel
phia, Pa. From 1767 to 1779 he was in Boothbay, Me., and
from June, 1781, until his death, in Newburyport, Mass. He
was very active as a patriot, and so great was his eloquence
that a full company was raised for the Revolutionary army
in two hours after his address for that purpose. Rev. Mn
Murray had married a daughter of Col. Lithgow of Boothbay;
Me. Murray was a member of the Provincial Congress held
in 1775 at Watertown, Mass. He acted at one time as Secre
tary of that body and for a short time was president pro tem.
He was Chairman of the Committee for reporting rules and

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

405

orders for Congress and the reports bear evidence of his hav
ing studied the rules and orders of the British House of
Commons. These rules and orders vary but little from those
now observed by the Legislature of Massachusetts. He was
a strong Whig and— among the Revolutionary patriots — as an
orator he had no superior, " in person dignified, and manners
commanding." Prof. John Smith of Dartmouth College con
sidered Murray the best Oriental Scholar that he had ever
met. At the peace in 1783 he published a statistical sermon
detailing the expenses of the war to Great Britain. This was
considered a most wonderful performance, for at that time few
statesmen had the means of getting at this information."
The other Rev. John Murray was the founder of Universalism
in this country. He was born in England, 1741, and died in
Boston, Mass., 1815. In 1752, his parents removed with him to
Cork, Ireland. Early in life he was a Methodist, but later
embraced Universalism. He came to America in 1770, and
preached in New York, New Jersey, Newport, Boston, and
other places. In the spring of 1775, he was chaplain in the
Rhode Island brigade of the American besieging army before
Boston. It was probably this second Rev. John Murray who
was elected to the Charitable Irish Society. Though born in
England, he may have been of Irish extraction on one or both
sides of the house.
Murray, Thomas Hamilton, Secretary-General, American-
Irish Historical Society ; editor and historical writer ; bom in
Brookline, Mass., May 25, 1857; son of Robert and Margaret
(McGinnis) Murray; actively engaged in journalism for past
20 years; has occupied editorial positions in Boston and
Lawrence, Mass. ; Providence, R. I. ; Bridgeport, Meriden and
New London, Conn., and other places. He has written many
articles on the early Irish in this country and has contributed
numerous papers, to leading publications, on genealogical and
educational subjects. On April 13, 1885, he wedded Miss
Mary H. Sullivan, of Boston. They reside in that city.
Nanry, Charles M., treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1842, 1843-1844, 1845-1848, 1849-1850,
1851-1852, 1853.

4o6 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Nesbitt, John Maxwell, one of the founders of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, Pa.; also a founder of the
Hibernian Society, that city; born in Ireland; became a mem
ber of the PhUadelphia firm Conyngham & Nesbitt, later known
as Conyngham, Nesbitt & Co., and J. M. Nesbitt & Co.; in
1780, the firm subscribed £5000 in aid of the patriot army. Mr.
Nesbitt was active in the cause of Liberty; he was a member
of the Committe of Correspondence, 1774; paymaster of the
State Navy, 1775; treasurer of the State Navy Board, 1777;
treasurer of the State Board of War for the land service, 1777;
one of the first inspectors of the Bank of Pennsylvania; a
director of the Bank of North America; president of the
Insurance Company of North America. He died, 1802.
Niblo, W., of the New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
1835. This is beHeved to have been William Niblo, a well-
known resident of New York, who was described as " the
matchless and incomparable Niblo, proprietor of the Niblo
Gardens, director of operas, vaudevilles, &c. &c., ad inftniium."
John Niblo was also a member of the Friendly Sons in 1835.
Nichols, Samuel, in 1832 there was a tin and coppersmith
of the name at 256 Water st.. New York. In 1835, the name
Samuel Nichols is found among the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, that city.
Nixon, John, born in Philadelphia, Pa., 1733 ; a son of Richard
Nixon who was " a native of the County Wexford, Ireland."
John succeeded his father as a shipping merchant in Philadel
phia, and took a leading part in public affairs; was a port
warden of Philadelphia; manager of the Pennsylvania Hospital;
a founder of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; an
active patriot; colonel of Associators; member of the Penn
sylvania Committee of Safety, and of the Council of Safety;
was selected to read and proclaim the Declaration of Inde
pendence, to the people, which he did at the State House,
PhUadelphia, July 8, 1776; was appointed by Congress to be a
member of the Continental Navy Board; subscribed £5000 in
aid of the army; president of the Bank of North America;
trustee of the University of Pennsylvania. He died in 1808.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 407
O'Brien, M. M., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
PhUadelphia, Pa., and of the Hibernian Society, that city; was
" a native of Ireland, a merchant and bon vivant " ; was ap
pointed U. S. Consul at Algiers; died in France, 1804. His
wUl mentions his " two grand-nieces, Mary Sexton and Honora
O'Brien, of the city of Limerick, Ireland " ; among his " par
ticular friends " he mentions Gen. Stephen Moylan. He be
queathed his books to Bishop CarroU of Bahimore, Md.
O'Carolan, Turlough (Toasts to) ; frequently styled " Caro
lan, the last of the Irish bards " ; born in the County Meath,
Ireland, 1670; became blind in infancy as the result of small
pox ; his musical genius was encouraged and cultivated and he
became a harper; upon marrying, he settled in the County
Leitrim, Ireland, but later became an itinerant musician on the
harp; he had much taste and feeling and " composed many
beautiful airs." He did not learn English, it is said, until late
in life and never spoke it fluently. He died in 1738 and was
buried at Kilronan, County Fermanagh. In 1747 an edition
of his music was published, and another in 1780. A tablet to
his memory was placed in St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin.
O'ConneU, Daniel (Toasts to) ; styled " the Irish liberator "
for his services in behalf of Catholic emancipation; born,
Aug. 6, 1775, near Cahirciveen, County Kerry, Ireland; died at
Genoa, Italy, May 15, 1847. A portion of his early education
was received in Cork. He was afterwards at leading univer
sities in France; studied law in London and was admitted to
the bar in 1798. With Grattan and other brilliant men, O'Con
nell opposed the projected legislative union of Ireland and
England. About 1809, he formally inaugurated the agitation
for Catholic emancipation, organized the " Catholic Board " to
direct the movement but this board was later suppressed by
the British government. In 1823, O'Connell started the Catho
lic Association and organized the Catholic Rent. Elected to
the British parliament, he appeared in that body, in May, 1829,
but refusing to take the anti-Catholic oath was refused his
seat. He was reelected and this time permitted to take his
seat, the objectionable oath having in the meantime been abol
ished and Catholic emancipation proclaimed. O'Connell then

4o8 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Started a movement for the repeal of the Union, and manfully
fought for the cause. As an orator, he has seldom been
surpassed. O'Connor, Thomas, recording secretary of the Shamrock
Friendly Association, New York, in 1822.
O'Conor, Charles, an eminent lawyer and jurist; born in
New York City, 1804; son of Irish parents; admitted to the
bar, 1825; U. S. district-attorney of New York under the ad
ministration of President Pierce; was tendered the position of
Attorney-General of the United States, but would not accept
the office ; acted as counsel for Jefferson Davis ; and in the
Hayes-Tilden presidential contest he was present in the inter
ests of the latter. He was one of the ablest lawyers that the
nineteenth century produced. In 1868, Mr. O'Conor was a
candidate for the presidency of the United States.
O'Donnell, Capt. John, of Baltimore, Md. ; made a fortune
in trade with China; many of his descendants have become
prominent in Baltimore and New York.
O'Donnell, Rev. James H., a Roman Catholic priest of the
diocese of Hartford, Conn. ; rector of St. Mary's church, Nor
walk, Conn.; member o the Executive Council, American-
Irish Historical Society. His researches have brought to
light many prominent facts regarding early Irish settlers in
Connecticut. Father O'Donnell is a true historian, possessing
the depth and breadth, the insight and discrimination, the
judgment and impartiality so necessary to correct historical
research. He is constantly sending forth to the world valu
able data relating to the Irish pioneers of Connecticut and
thus contributing to our knowledge of this important subject.
Father O'Donnell recently wrote a history of the Diocese of
Hartford. He is a frequent contributor of historical material
to the " Catholic Transcript," of Hartford, to " The Recorder,"
of Boston, Mass., and to other publications. His articles are
based mainly on original research.
O'Donoju, Don Juan (Toast to) ; born in Spain, about 1755;
died in Mexico, 1821 ; last Spanish ruler of New Spain, or

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 409
Mexico; Lieutenant-General in the Spanish service. In 1821,
was appointed Captain-General or Viceroy of New Spain.
Signed a treaty with Iturbide for the surrender of Mexico.
O'DriscoU, Cornelius, a member, in 1801, of the Hibernian
Society, Charleston, S. C.
O'DriscoU, Daniel M., now manager of the Western Union
Telegraph Co.'s office, Charleston, S. C. ; at the breaking out
of the Civil War, he was a telegraph operator in Petersburg,
Va. ; enlisted in the Union Army and was detailed to military
telegraph duty; at the close of the war settled in Charleston;
recently president of St. • Patrick's Benevolent Society, of
that city.
O'Flaherty, Thomas J., a Roman Catholic priest; ordained
at Boston, 1829. See mention elsewhere.
O'Keefe, George Alexander, delivered the oration at a St.
Patrick's Day celebration by the Shamrock Friendly Associa
tion, New York City, 1820.
O'Neale, John, a member of the Hibernian Provident So
ciety, New York, as early as 1808. In that year he was a
resident of the Sixth ward.
O'NeU, Francis, of the Shamrock Friendly Association,
New York. He was a member of the society's Committee of
Accounts, in 1822.
Oliver, John (Toasts to) ; founded a Hibernian Free school
in Baltimore, Md.
Orr, WiUiam (Toasts to) ; a martyr to the cause of Irish
liberty; born, 1766, the son of a farmer and bleacher of County
Antrim, in the north of Ireland; joined the United Irishmen;
was arrested at the instigation of the British government, and
found guilty, by a packed jury, of the charge of administering
the oath of the United Irishmen, it being a " felony " to do so.
He was sentenced to death on the gallows.

4IO BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Osborne, Alexander, mentioned as vice-president of a
gathering in Baltimore, Md., March 17, 1813.
Osborne, Samuel, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1835-1836, 1837. This name is also mentioned
as Osborn. He was probably the physician of the name at 120
Fulton St.
Ossian, also written Oisin, etc., a semi-historical Gaelic
bard, accredited to about the third century of the Christian
era ; is reputed to have met St. Patrick ; a son of Finn Mac-
Cumhail. The Ossianic poems, as they are termed, are very
voluminous and are estimated to aggregate 80,000 or 100,000
lines. They deal largely with events of the Fenian Cycle and
have long been popular in Ireland and the Scottish Highlands.
Owenson Miss (Toast to) ; daughter of Robert Owenson,
an Irish actor; she is said to have been born in Dublin, Ire
land, about 1783-5; attended school in or near Dublin; noted
for her wit, talents and vivacity ; possessed a good voice, and
could play on the harp ; published her first volume in 1801 ;
wrote verse; took tO' fiction and became an author of note;
wrote "St. Clair, or the Heiress of Desmond" (1804); the
"Novice of St. Dominick," (1805); "The Wild Irish Giri"
(1806). This latter work made her famous, and among her
Dublin friends, she was afterward called by the name of
the heroine of the book. Miss Owenson wrote an opera
which was brought out at the Theatre Royal, Dublin, in 1807.
She also wrote two volumes of " Patriotic Sketches," and like
wise brought out " The Lay of an Irish Harp " ; " Woman, or
Ida of Athens " ; " Luxima, the Prophetess," etc. She be
came the second wife of Thomas Charles Morgan, in 1812,
and was thereafter known as Lady Morgan. She continued
her literary work after her marriage and was the author of a
number of other books.
Paine, Thomas (mention of) ; a native of England, born,
1737; died in New York, 1809. We deal solely with his public
services. He was for a period on the staff of Gen. Greene in
the Revolution; was secretary to the Committee on Foreign

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 411
Affairs; clerk of the Pennsylvania Assembly; contributed $500
to reheve existing distress in the patriot army; assisted Col.
Laurens in obtaining a loan of $6,000,000 from France. The
state of New York gave him a farm of 300 acres at New
Rochelle, and Congress granted him $3,000 for his services
during the Revolution.
Palfray, Warvrick, a native of Salem, Mass.; born, 1787;
died in Salem, 1838; for over 30 years editor of the "Essex
Register"; member of the City Council of Salem; also held
other positions of trust and honor. His son, of the same
name, succeeded him in business. At a dinner in Salem,
Mass., on St. Patrick's Day, 1835, by the Friends of Ireland,
" among the invited guests was Mr. Palfray, the talented
editor of the ' Commercial Advertiser,' and a true friend of
democracy and Irishmen." This " Mr. Palfray " was either
the father or son above mentioned.
Palmer, (Toast to) ; Thomas F. Palmer was a Unitarian
minister; born in England, 1747; died, 1802. He became
pastor in Dundee, and also preached at other places in Scot
land. In 1793, he attended a meeting of the " Friends of Lib
erty," in the cause of parliamentary reform; was subse
quently arrested, on the charge of sedition, and given a seven
years sentence. He was taken to Botany Bay with John
Muir and others. Dying in 1802, he was buried near the sea
shore. Later, his remains were exhumed by an American cap
tain and taken to Boston, Mass., where they were reinterred.
Pamell (Toast to) ; it is assumed that this was Thomas
Parnell, an Irish poet; born in Dublin, 1679; died at Chester,
Eng., 1717; was educated at Trinity College in the Irish capi
tal ; married Miss Ann Minchin, 1705.
Patrick, Saint, son of Calpurnius. The latter was a deacon,
and also a judge or magistrate of a Roman colony. It
seems to be generally admitted that St. Patrick was born
either in Scotland or Armoric Gaul. As in the case of many
other famous men, various points regarding his early career
have been, and still are, subjects for controversial discussion.

.j2 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
We have no desire to explicitly enter such a discussion, but to
briefly set forth a few salient points in Patrick's history, such
as receive general acceptance. Whether there were two or
more great missionaries bearing the name of Patrick, we shall
not attempt to decide, preferring to leave that point to the
antiquarians and hagiologists, past, present and to come.
According to the generally received narrative, St. Patrick
when a boy of i6 years of age, was taken captive with a
number of others, about a.d 403, and conveyed to Ireland
where he was sold as a slave to Milcho. He tended the lat
ter's sheep in Antrim, learned the customs and language of
the people, and finally escaped and returned to his native land.
Desiring to convert the Irish people to Christianity, he de
cided to fit himself to undertake that great work. He at
first studied under St. Martin of Tours and later under St.
Germain of Auxerre. When properly qualified, he proceeded
to Rome bearing a letter from St. Germain to Pope Celestine
in which letter he was recommended to the latter. Celestine
empowered him to proceed to the Irish people and Patrick
is believed to have reached Ireland about the year a.d. 432.
It appears to be a well-established fact that Christianity had
been preached in Ireland before the advent of St. Patrick, one
of the missionaries so preaching it being named Palladius.
What progress had been made, however, can only be con
jectured. When Patrick arrived, Druidism was the prevail
ing religion and was strongly entrenched. It is stated that
on his way to Ireland, Patrick was informed of the death of
Palladius and this made him more desirous than ever to
quickly reach the chosen field of labor. His first landing
place was near the present town of Wicklow, but he was not
received in a friendly manner, so he sailed along the coast
northward toward Dublin. He rested for a brief interval on
a small island near Dublin, and made a final landing at Lecale,
in Down. Sixtus III. was then Pope, Celestine having died
soon after Patrick left Rome, and Theodosius was emperor.
On his arrival in Ireland, Patrick is said to have been 45
years of age. The narrative of his proceeding to Slane, about
nine miles from Tara, his lighting the Paschal fire, the inter
view with the Irish monarch and his court on the Royal Hill
of Tara, is so well known that a detailed recital is not

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 413
necessary. Patrick labored in Ireland many years, founded
numerous churches which he placed in charge of disciples,
and practically converted the entire people to Christianity.
He died March 17, about a.d. 465, though authorities differ
as to the year. It is stated that sometime after his arrival
in Ireland on missionary work, he endeavored to see his old
master, Milcho, but that the latter declined to meet him. It
is quite a remarkable fact that though over fourteen cen
turies have passed since St. Patrick departed this life, his
memory is still affectionately cherished by the Irish race.
Patterson, Samuel, of the Hibernian Society, Charleston,
S. C. ; vice-president of the same, 1831 to 1837; president, 1837
to 1839.
Patterson, WUliam, in 1817 he was a member of the Stand
ing Committee of the New York Hibernian Provident Society.
Patton, John, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, of the Hibernian Society and of the First City Troop ;
a native of Sligo, Ireland; born, 1745; died, 1804. Coming to
this country in 1761, he located in Philadelphia, and became a
merchant there; identified himself with the patriots; was com
missioned major in 1776; Colonel of the Sixteenth Pennsyl
vania regiment, 1777, and rendered gallant service during the
war; subscribed £1000, in 1780, for the army; after the Revolu
tion he was an iron manufacturer; at the time of his death he
held the rank of Major-General of Pennsylvania state troops.
.Pelham, Henry, became a member of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society in 1774.
Pelham, Peter, one of the founders of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society, 1737. See page 16.
Penn, John (a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia); a native of that city; died in 1795; governor of
Pennsylvania until the Revolution; remained true to the British
crown; was imprisoned by the patriots, because of his refusal
to sign a parole, and his estate confiscated; was a brother of
Richard Penn.

. J . BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Penn, Richard, honorary member of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, PhUadelphia; born in 1734; died in England, 181 1;
a grandson of William Penn, of Pennsylvania; was of a
very " amiable disposition " and very popular; Was lieutenant-
governor of Pennsylvania from October, 1771, to September,
1773. He departed for England at the outbreak of the Ameri
can Revolution. A short time before leaving Philadelphia, he
attended a meeting of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city.
The members were being advised to " hang together " in the
cause of liberty, whereupon Penn is said to have humorously re
marked : " Unless you hang together, you will very likely hang
separately." Peim, WiUiam (Toast to) ; the founder of Pennsylvania ;
born in 1644; died in 1718; a prominent Quaker; son of Admiral
Sir William Penn, and of Margaret Jasper, his wife, who was a
Dutch woman. The subject of this sketch was sent, in 1666,
to Ireland to manage his father's property in Cork, the title to
which seems to have been in dispute. The son also appears
later at Kinsale, Ireland, as " clerk of the cheque " at fort and
castle. Penn attended Quaker meetings in Cork and later be
came a minister of that creed. Having retumed to England,
he again went to Ireland on matters of business and was a
regular attendant at Quaker meetings there. He arrived in
America in 1682.
Perry, Oliver Hazard (Toast to) ; the hero of Lake Erie ;
born at South Kingstown, R. I., 1785; died in Trinidad, W. I.,
1819; son of an Irish mother and a Rhode Island father. Oliver
received part of his early education from " Old Master " Kelly,
an Irish pedagogue, at Tower Hill, R. I.; entered the U. S.
navy„ 1799, as a midshipman; participated in the Tripolitan
War; in the war of 1812, had charge of a gunboat flotilla in New
York harbor; appointed, in 1813, to command a fleet on Lake
Erie. On Sept. 10, 181 3, he completely defeated the British
in a naval battle on the Lake. The British force was com
manded by Commodore R. H. Barclay who had served under
Nelson at Trafalgar. The conflict on Lake Erie resulted in the
capture of the entire British fleet. The victory rendered Perry's
name immortal.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 415
Persse, Dudley, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1831, 1832, 1834, 1835-1836, 1838. Mr. Persse
came to this country from Ireland in boyhood. For many
years he was in the commission business, in New York city,
with John Campbell. In 1839, he entered into business with
Horace Brooks " an enterprising and worthy son of New
England." The firm was known as Persse & Brooks, and had
a commission paper warehouse in Nassau St., New York.
They also owned one of the largest and best paper mills in the
country, situated at Windsor, Conn. In 1845, the firm was
estimated to be worth $150,000.
Peterson, Jacob, a resident of New York in 1808-9. In the
latter year he was described as " the present collector of the
Sixth ward."
Phelan, John, an early member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York. His name appears on the roll in 1805
aiid perhaps earlier. There was a firm of D. & John Phelan,
grocers, 89 Front St., New York, about that time.
Pitt, WUliam (Mention of) ; styled the " Great Com
moner" of England; born, 1708; died, 1778; entered the
British parliament, 1735, where he was an opponent of Robert
Walpole. In 1744, the famous Duchess of Marlborough be
queathed Pitt a sum equal to $50,000 " for having defended
the laws of his country and endeavoring to save it from
ruin"; later Sir William Pynsent bequeathed him his entire
fortune. Pitt was vice-treasurer for Ireland, 1741, and sub
sequently paymaster of the army and member of the Privy
Council. In 1757, he was made Secretary of State. Subse
quently he was made Earl of Chatham. He opposed the
movement for American Independence, but favored a con
ciliatory policy toward the patriots.
Plowden, Francis P. (Toast to); was born in England,
1749; died in France, 1829; educated by the English Jesuits
at St. Omer ; published " Jura Anglorum " for which, in 1793,
Oxford bestowed upon him the degree D.C.L.; was the au
thor of several pamphlets against Pitt; wrote " Historical Re-

4i6 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
view of the State of Ireland," a " History of Ireland from its
Union with Great Britain in January 1801 to October 1810,"
and other works ; settled in Paris ; became a professor there.
Pollock, Carlisle, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, as early as 1784; was probably a brother of
George PoUock, who was president of the Society in 1796. A
Carlisle Pollock, doubtless the same, is mentioned in the New
York City Directory, 1795, as a merchant, at 11 Whitehall
street. In the Directory for 1806 he appears as a " merchant,
No. 54 Greenwich street." He seems to have owned a large
amount of real estate at Bloomingdale, overlooking the Hud
son river. Valentine's Manual for 1855, indicates Carlisle as
having been one of New York's wealthiest residents about 1795,
sixty years previously. Carlisle Pollock had a sister, Mrs.
Betsy Hartigan. Gilbert Stuart painted her portrait, and the
latter is, or was recently, in the Metropolitan Museum of Art,
New York. Mrs. Hartigan is said to have been a famous belle
in the Irish capital, during the latter part of the eighteenth cen
tury. Dr. Hartigan, whom she married, occupied a prominent
position in Trinity College, Dublin. Carlisle Pollock was a
member of the council of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, in 1791, 1792, 1794, 1795, 1796, 1797 and likewise,
probably, in other years.
Pollock, George, president of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1796. This was probably the George Pollock
who, according to the records of Trinity church. New York,
wedded Catherine Yates, March 17, 1787. It is stated in the
New York City Directory, 1795, that George Pollock was a
" merchant. No. 91 Water street." In the same Directory, for
1801, occurs this reference to George Pollock: "house. No. 26
WhitehaU street; store. No. 95 Front street." The New York
Directory for 1795 also contains the entry: " George and Hugh
Pollock, merchants, Gouverneur's lane. Water street." In
January, 1800, George Pollock conveyed a parcel of land at
Bloomingdale to Cornelia Verplanck, who was the widow of
Gulian Verplanck, the site being now included in Riverside
Park. George Pollock is believed to have been a brother of
Carlisle Pollock, already mentioned. An advertisement ap-

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 417
pears, in 1786, stating that " George Pollock has received by
the last ships a complete assortment of Irish linens, for sale at
his store 193 Water street."
Pollock, Oliver, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, and of the Hibernian Society, that city; a native of
Ireland, born about 1737; arrived in America about 1760, set
tling in Carlisle, Pa.; removed to Havana, Cuba, 1762-3; be
came an intimate friend of the Governor-General of Cuba, Don
Alexander O'Reily; removed to NeW Orleans prior to 1768;
traded with Spain, France and other countries; espoused the
patriot cause in the American Revolution ; rendered vast ser
vice to the cause of Liberty, and suffered much for his devo
tion ; retumed to Pennsylvania.
Ponsonby, George (Toast to) ; a native of Ireland, born
in 1755; educated at Trinity College, Dublin; became a distin
guished lawyer, member of the Irish parliament, and vigorously
opposed the Act of Union. When the British government pro
posed taking troops from Ireland and sending them to fight the
Americans, Ponsonby with other Irish patriots strongly op
posed the measure and said: " If troops are sent abroad with
out our consent we are not made parties to the quarrel. If we
give consent we take part against America, but to do this would
be unjust." In 1806, he became Lord High Chancellor of Ire
land; died, 1817.
Power, V. Rev. John, a prominent Roman Catholic clergyman
of New York; native of Ireland.; born, 1792; educated at
Maynooth; professor in the seminary of the Diocese of Cork
and, subsequently, curate at Youghal; came to New York in
1819. By the death of Bishop Connolly, the temporary ad
ministration of the diocese devolved upon him. He had been
pastor of St. Peter's church, and was a man of great abUity ; en
couraged the establishment of a paper, " The Truth Teller," which
appeared in April, 1825, and was managed by George Pardow
and William Denman.
Preble, Edward (Toast to) ; distinguished naval officer ; born
at Portland, Me., AprU 15, 1761; died there, Aug. 25, 1807;
27

41 8 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
served on an American privateer in the Revolution; at i8 years
of age he was a midshipman on the "Protector"; was taken
prisoner by the British and was, for a time, confined in the
"Jersey" prison ship. In 1798, he was commissioned lieu
tenant; in 1799, captain. In 1803, he commanded the frigate
" Constitution," and had charge of the squadron sent against
Tripoli. Price, Michael, a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, as early as 1790. His name appears as one of the
CounciUors of the Society in 1791.
Prince, Christopher, secretary of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1807-1808.
Pyke, Alexander, secretary of the Shamrock Friendly Asso
ciation, New York, 1817, 1818.
Quincy, Josiah, Jr., born in Boston, 1802 ; became president
of the Massachusetts Senate, 1842; mayor of Boston, 1845.
During his incumbency as mayor, that great public measure —
the introduction of Cochituate water to the city — ^took place.
He was treasurer of the Boston Athenaeum, held many other
positions of trust and honor, and was an eminent citizen
generally. Rabun, William, president of the Senate of the State of
Georgia, 1812; signed the Act of Incorporation of the Hiber
nian Society, of Savannah, that year.
Rainey, Robert, born in Ireland ; settled in Philadelphia, and
in 1791 was engaged with Hugh Holmes, in the Irish linen
trade; a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city,
of the Hibernian Society, the First City Troop and the Hi
bernia Fire Company; died in 1801.
Ramsay, Dr. David, a native of Lancaster, Pa.; born, 1749;
died at Charleston, S. C, 181 5. In 1773, at Charleston, he
began the practice of medicine; espoused the patriotic cause
and became a surgeon in the service; was taken prisoner by

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 419
the British in 1780 and closely confined; was a member of
Congress, 1782 to 1786; president of the same for a year;
wrote a " History of the Revolution in South Carolina " (pub
lished, 1785), and a "History of the American Revolution"
(published, 1789). These were translated into French and edi
tions brought out in France. Dr. Ramsay published, in 1801,
a " Life of Washington," and in 1809, a " History of the.
United States " to the close of the colonial epoch. He was
likewise the author of other works.
Randolph, John (Toast to) ; born in Virginia in 1773 ; a part
of his education he obtained at Columbia College, New York ;
was for many years a member of Congress, serving, succes
sively, in the House and Senate; supported Andrew Jackson for
the presidency; was appointed American minister to Russia;
died, 1833.
Rantoul, Robert, Jr., lawyer; born in Beverly, Mass., 1805;
died at Washington, D. C, 1852; member of the state legis
lature, from Gloucester, Mass., 1833-37; collector of the port
of Boston, 1843-45 ; U. S. District Attorney for Massachusetts,
1845 ; U. S. Senator, 1851. He " sympathized with the masses,
with whom he was exceedingly popular."
Rawdon, Francis, commander of the "Volunteers of Ire
land " (for sketch, see page 30.)
Read, Thomas, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia; born in Delaware, 1740; died in New Jersey, 1788; son
of an Irishman and brother of George Read, a signer of the
Declaration of Independence. Thomas entered the navy and
^n October, 1775, was made a commander; defended the Dela
ware river, in 1776, against the British; was commissioned Cap
tain in June of that year and given command of the frigate
" George Washington," of 32 guns, which was then building.
While awaiting her completion, he joined the army under Wash
ington, and assisted in the crossing of the Delaware; com
manded a battery at the battle of Trenton, his brother, James
Read, also participating in that engagement; afterwards
rendered valuable sea service.

420 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Redmond, Ignatius, secretary of the Hibernian Provident
Society, New York, 1808, 1809. He is mentioned as " clerk to
the house of Stewart & Co., near the Coffee House."
Redmond, William, in 1835 of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York ; was a merchant, located, in 1832, at 29 Pine
St., that city.
Reed, Joseph, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
PhUadelphia, in 1781; born at Trenton, N. J., 1741; died in
Philadelphia, 1785; prominent lawyer; became Secretary of the
Province of New Jersey, 1767; removed to Philadelphia; secre
tary and aide-de-camp to Washington and accompanied him to
Cambridge, Mass., in 1775; adjutant-general during campaign
of 1776. In 1777 he was appointed Chief Justice of Pennsyl
vania but declined the position, as he did, also, that of brigadier-
general; served as a volunteer at the battles of Brandywine,
Germantown and Monmouth ; was president of Pennsylvania,
1778 to 1781; assisted in founding the University of Penn
sylvania. Reyburn, Janies, president of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1843-1844, 1845-1848, 1849-1850.
Rice, Dr. G. C, was a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York city, in 1833 ; a " C. C. Rice " is mentioned
at a celebration in New York city in 1831.
Riddle, Dr. John, was elected second vice president of the
Hibernian Provident Society, New York, March 17, 1802.
Rivington, James, see pages 28, 29 (footnote).
Roach, Thomas, member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, as early as 1784; a counciUor of the Society in
1790 and perhaps earHer; president of the Society, 1792.
Robinson, Thomas, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, and of the Society of the Cincinnati; was of Irish
extraction; born in Delaware, 175 1; died in 1819; Ueutenant-
colonel in the Revolution, and later judge, in Delaware, of the
Court of Common Pleas.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 421
Rochambeau, Count de (Toast to) ; born in France, 1725 ;
became a distinguished soldier in the French service; was made
a Lieutenant-General and placed in command of the French
military force sent to America to aid the patriots; arrived at
Newport, R. I., 1780; later joined the American army, with his
command, on the Hudson; rendered brilliant service; was at the
siege and capture of Yorktown where the Americans and their
French allies gained such a splendid victory; became a marshal
of France; died, 1807.
Rodgers, Commodore John (Toast to) ; distinguished naval
officer; born in Maryland, 1771; died in Philadelphia, Pa., 1838;
entered the navy in 1798; was executive officer of the " Constel
lation " in the engagement with and capture of, " L'Insurgente,"
1799; commanded the " President," in 1812, and engaged the
British ship " Little Belt," which finally withdrew from the con
flict. On his " long cruise " in 1813, Rodgers captured many
British merchantmen, and also took the British armed vessel
" Highflyer." He caused much excitement by appearing with
the " President " in British waters ; made a complete circuit of
Ireland with her. Later, he broke through a British blockad
ing squadron off Sandy Hook, and dropped anchor in New
York harbor.
Ross, Janies, a member as far back as 1769 of the Charitable
Irish Society, Boston, Mass. He was probably admitted that
year. Rowan, Archibald Hamilton, of the Society of United Irish
men. He was born in London, Eng., 1751; died in 1834.
Educated at Queen's College, Cambridge, Eng., he came to
America and, for a time, was secretary to Lord Charles Mon
tague, governor of one of the Carolinas. He returned to Eng
land, and later married Sarah A. Dawson, daughter of Walter
Dawson, of the County Monaghan, Ireland. The newly
wedded couple lived in Paris, France, 1781 to 1784, when they
removed to Ireland and settled in Kildare. Rowan was a
member of the Volunteer convention that met in the Irish
capital in 1784. In 1792, he was arrested on the charge of
distributing a seditious paper. He was eloquently defended

.22 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
by Curran, but was declared guilty and sentenced to pay a
fine of £500, suffer two years imprisonment, in addition to
other requirements. It is said that the government fully
determined to execute him, but he escaped from prison,
reached France, and eventually came to America, arriving at
Philadelphia, Pa., in July, 1795. He settled at Wilmington,
Del.; was subsequently pardoned by the British king; re
turned to Ireland, and was an earnest advocate of Catholic
emancipation. Rusk, John, a steward of the Friends of Ireland, New York,
in 1832.
Russell, sometimes spelled Russel (Toasts to). Thomas
Russell, of the United Irishmen, was born in the County Cork,
1767; became a soldier and went to India; after five years
service, left India disgusted, it is said, with the rapacity
and cruelty of English officials there. In 1789, he became
acquainted with Theobald Wolfe Tone and later with Robert
Emmet and other Irish leaders. Russell actively engaged in
advancing the Society of United Irishmen. In 1796, he was
arrested at the instigation of the British government, together
with Neilson and other patriots ; confined at Newgate ; trans
ferred to Fort George, Scotland, and subsequently liberated.
Later, he entered with enthusiasm into Robert Emmet's plans,
was given the rank of General and assigned to Ulster.
Tracked by a spy in Dublin, he was arrested by Major Sirr,
and was executed — another victim of British tyranny in Ire
land. He Was buried in Downpatrick churchyard and over
his grave was placed a stone slab with the inscription " The
Grave of Russell."
Rutgers, Col. Henry (Toast to) ; a patriot of the Revolution;
born about 1745; died in 1830; a prominent citizen of New
York ; engaged in " abundant charities."
Rutherford, Robert, a member in 1835 of the New York
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. In 1832, a Robert Rutherford
was in the dry goods business at 83 Pine st., that city.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 423
Rutledge, Edward, governor of South Carolina; of Irish
parentage; born at Charleston, S. C, 1749; died, 1800; mem
ber of the first Continental Congress ; a signer of the Declara
tion of Independence ; member of the first board of War.
Rutledge, John, brother of Edward, just mentioned; John
was born at Charleston, S. C, 1739, and died there in 1800;
an eminent lawyer; member of the Stamp Act Congress that
assembled in New York city ; member of the first Continental
Congress; chairman of the convention that fraimed the state
constitution of South Carolina; was elected president of the
state; was chosen governor of South CaroHna in 1779; was
elected Chief- Justice of South Carolina in 1791 ; was appointed
Chief Justice of the United States.
Rutledge, WUliam, his name is found on the roll of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1805.
There was a builder of the same name at 185 Water, and 13
Gold St., New York, in 1801.
Sampson, WiUiam, a member of the United Irishmen ; born,
1764; died, 1836; was the son of a Presbyterian clergyman;
when but 18 years of age he received a commission in the Irish
Volunteers, in Ireland; studied law, and served many of the
patriots as counsel; the British government decided on his
arrest, 1798; he escaped to England, but was there seized and
taken back to Dublin. In 1806, he came to the United States,
and attained prominence here as a lawyer. He was an author
of works of interest. A daughter married the Irish patriot
Theobald Wolfe Tone.
Sarsfield, Patrick (Toast to) ; Earl of Lucan ; an illustrious
Irish soldier; espoused the cause of James II. and fought in
his behalf at the battle of the Boyne and elsewhere; was in
strumental in forcing the British to sign the Treaty of Limerick,
which was soon basely violated by them. Sarsfield entered the
service of France with many other gallant Irish officers and
attained distinction in that country. He was mortally wounded at
the battle of Landen.

424 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Scott, Gen., a guest of the Hibernian Society, Philadelphia,
in 1815. This was doubtless Gen. Winfield Scott, who was born
in Petersburg, Va., 1786, and died at West Point, N. Y., 1866;
Ueutenant-colonel of artiUery, 1812; adjutant-general with rank
of colonel, 1813; brigadier-general, 1814; defeated the British
at the battle of Chippewa, and at the battle of Lundy's Lane;
promoted to Major-General; General-in-Chief of the army; con
queror of Mexico.
Scott, Sir Walter, the great Scottish novelist and poet ; born
in Edinburgh, 1771 ; died at Abbotsford, 1832.
Searle, Jsunes, honorary member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, PhUadelphia, Pa.; born in New York City about 1730;
became a leading wine merchant in Philadelphia, his firm, John
Searle & Co., also having a branch house in the island of Ma
deira. They were proprietors of " Searle's Maderia," a famous
brand in those days. James is described as " one of the great
est wits of his time, a high-bred gentleman, and very convivial."
He passed away about 1799.
Selfridge, Thomas O., admitted to membership in the Boston
Charitable Irish Society, 1802; became vice-president of the
organization. Shaw, John, was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, in 1784; one of the Society's councillors in
1790, 1791, 1792 and in other years. A John Shaw was, in
1786, a merchant at 213 Water st.
Sheares Brothers, The, John and Henry (Toast to). They
were members of the Society of United Irishmen and died for
their love of country. They were born in Cork, John in 1766
and Henry in 1753. Although younger than Henry, John
appears to have been the master mind. John inherited £3,000
from his father; was educated at Trinity College, Dublin,
and graduated in 1787. He was called to the Irish bar; went
to France and was present at the execution of Louis XVI.
Henry was also educated at Trinity College, entered the
army, but in a few years retired and took up the study of

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 425
law. Arrested for complicity in the movement of the United
Irishmen, the brothers were tried, declared guilty, and sen
tenced to death. They were publicly executed and their
heads cut off. Curran, the great advocate, who was of their
counsel, had requested before sentence was passed that the
trial might be temporarily adjourned, but his request was
brutally refused.
Shee, Gen. John, a native of County Westmeath, Ireland;
came to America between 1742 and 1745, and located in Phila
delphia, Pa.
Sheridan (Toast to) ; this was probably Richard Brinsley
Sheridan, the famous dramatist and orator. He was bom
in Dublin, Ireland, 1751 ; died in England, 1816. He settled
in London, 1773; entered Parliament; became Under Secre
tary for Foreign Affairs, 1782 ; Secretary of the treasury, 1783 ;
treasurer of the navy, 1806; was a favorite companion of
the English prince regent — George IV. Sheridan's father,
Thomas Sheridan, was an Irish actor, elocutionist and author ;
born near Dublin, 1721 ; died in England, 1788. Richard
Brinsley, Sheridan's grandfather, also named Thomas Sheri
dan, was born about 1684 and died in 1738. He was an Irish
clergyman, and was a favorite of Dean Swift in Ireland.
Sheys, James B., president of the Friends of Ireland, New
York, 1832. The name sometimes appears as Shays.
Sirr, Major (Mention of) ; Henry C. Sirr was born in Dub
lin, Ireland, 1756 ; entered the British army, but later left the
service and became a wine merchant in Dublin. In 1796, he
was made acting town-major of Dublin which was the same
as head-of-police. From that time on, he was agent of the
Castle authorities. In 1798, he became town-major (not
merely " acting ") , and took an active part against the Irish
patriots. He participated in the capture of Lord Edward
Fitzgerald and was also instrumental in the capture of Robert
Emmet. Sloan, William C, a resident of New York city in 1829. He
is mentioned as of " No. 338 Broadway." It was stated that

426 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
tickets could be procured at the latter address for William
McDonnell's " public dinner " on St. Patrick's Day, that year.
Sloane, Samuel, became a member of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society in 1769. Robert Sloane was admitted to the
Society in 1738, the year following its organization. A Robert
Sloane is also mentioned as having been admitted in 1762,
twenty-four years later.
Smith, Dr. S. H., of the Boston Charitable Irish Society ; in
1832, was elected Keeper of the Silver Key.
Spalding, Most Rev. Martin J., Roman Catholic archbishop ;
born in Kentucky, 1810; died in Baltimore, Md., 1872; or
dained to the priesthood, 1834; was made co-adjutor bishop of
Louisville, 1848; made bishop of Lengone in partibus, the same
year. On the death of Archbishop Kendrick, he was trans
ferred to Baltimore, and installed as archbishop.
Stark, Gen. John (Mention of) ; a patriot of the Revolution ;
born at Londonderry, N. H., 1728; died at Manchester, N. H.,
1822; took part in the battle of Bunker Hill; was in command
of the American vanguard at the battle of Trenton; defeated
the British at the battle of Hoosick, 1777; cut off Burgoyne's
retreat from Saratoga; also served in Rhode Island, New Jersey
and elsewhere; was a member of the court that condemned the
British spy. Major Andre.
Sterling, William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, 1812. In 1809 a William Sterling is mentioned as of
60 Cortiandt st.. New York. There was a firm, James &
WilHam Sterling, at 43 South st.
Steuben, Baron (a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, Philadelphia, Pa.); born in Prussia, 1730; died at Steuben-
viUe, N. Y., 1794. When but 14 years of age he participated in
the siege of Prague; in 1758 he was made adjutant-general, and
in 1762 was appointed on the staff of Frederick the Great of
Prussia. Steuben came to America in 1777, and joined the
American patriot army at Valley Forge; in 1778, was appointed

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 427
inspector-general, with the rank of major-general; fought in
the battle of Monmouth as a volunteer; rendered distinguished
services at Yorktown. At the close of the war the state of
New Jersey gave him a farm, the state of New York, 16,000
acres in Oneida county, and the national government presented
him an annuity of $2500. A mural monument was erected to
him at the German Reformed church, Nassau street. New York
City. Stevenson (Toast to). John Andrew Stevenson, a noted
musical composer, was born in Dublin, Ireland, about 1760.
He wrote much for the Irish stage, producing among other
work the operas : " The Contract," " Love in a Blaze," " The
Patriot," " The Burning of Moscow," etc.
Stewart, Alexander, member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, as far back as 1793. In Longworth's
" American Almanac, New York Register and City Direc
tory," for 1801, an Alexander Stewart is mentioned as a mer
chant at II Duke St., New York. There was a John Stewart,
the same year, at 4 Duke st. Alexander was a member of the
council of the Society in 1795, 1796, 1797.
Stewart, Arthur, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1838, 1839-1840, 1841.
Stewart, Captain, a resident of Baltimore, Md., 1798 ; men
tioned in connection with " Captain Stewart's Irish brigade,"
which took part in a celebration of St. Patrick's Day that year.
Stewart, Col. Charles, born in County Donegal, Ireland,
1729; died in Flemington, N. J., 1800; came to America, 1750;
deputy Surveyor-General of Pennsylvania; patriot of the Revo
lution; colonel of a regiment of New Jersey Minute Men;
colonel of a New Jersey regiment of the Line ; served on Wash
ington's staff; member of the Continental Congress, 1784-5.
Col. Stewart was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society.
Stewart, Gen. Walter, born in Ireland, about 1756; settled
in PhUadelphia before the Revolution; espoused the cause of

428

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

the patriots; recruited a company for the Third Pennsylvania
Battalion and, in 1776, was commissioned Captain; was made
aide-de-camp to Gen. Gates, the same year; commissioned
colonel of the Pennsylvania State Regiment of Foot, in 1777;
participated with his regiment in the battles of Brandywine and
Germantown; retired in 1786 with the rank of Brevet-Brigadier-
General. In 1794, he was Major-General of Pennsylvania state
troops. Gen. Washington was god-father to his eldest son.
Gen. Stewart's wife was a daughter of Blair McClenachan.
Stewart was a member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society, that city. He died,
1796. Stinson, Edey, his name appears in 1835 on the roll of the
New York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. In 1832, there was
an Eady Stinson at 26 Cedar st., New York.
St. Lawrence, Joseph, one of the founders of the Boston
Charitable Irish Society, 1737. For additional detaUs see page
16. St. Patrick. (See Patrick, Saint.)
Stuart, Christopher, a native of Ireland, born in 1748 ; came
to this country about 1770; settled in Montgomery County,
Pa.; patriot of the Revolution; an officer in the Pennsylvania
Line ; successively captain, major, and lieutenant-colonel ; par
ticipated in the battle of Long Island, the storming of Stony
Point and in other engagements; died, 1799. He was a mem
ber of the Hibernian Society, Philadelphia.
Stuyvesant, P. G., attended the dinner of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, New York, 1835. Peter G. Stuyvesant, who
was doubtless the gentleman here referred to, was a descend
ant of Peter Stuyvesant, one of the Dutch governors of New
York, who was born in Holland, 1592, and died in New York,
1682. Peter G., the subject of this sketch, was a native of
New York city, born 1778; died at Niagara Falls, N. Y., 1847;
graduated from Columbia College, 1794; a founder of the
New York Historical Society ; president of the same, 1836 to
1840. His residence " Petersfield " and that of his brother

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 429
Nicholas, " Bowery House," were built before the Revolution
and were located on their father's " Bouerie farm."
Suffern, Thomas, "a respectable Irish gentleman — nephew
of the venerable Judge Suffern of Rockland County, N. Y.,
deceased." In 1845-6, Thomas was estimated to be worth
$300,000. The name Thomas Suffern appears on the roll of
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, as early as 1805.
Sullivan, Gen. John, a distinguished soldier of the Revolu
tion ; bom at Somersworth, N. H., 1740 ; a son of Irish parents ;
member of the Continental Congress; was made a brigadier-
general, and participated in the siege of Boston; became a
major-general; took part in the battles of Long Island, Tren
ton, and Princeton; commanded tbe American right wing at
the battle of Brandywine; rendered valiant service at the
battle of Germantown; repulsed the British at the battle of
Rhode Island ; attorney-general of New Hampshire ; president
of the Commonwealth ; appointed U. S. Judge of New Hamp
shire by Washington ; died in 1795. His brother, James Sul
livan, became govemor of Massachusetts and was reelected to
the office.
Swanton, Robert, president of the Hibernian Provident So
ciety, New York, 1802, 1808. In the latter year he is men
tioned as of "44 Cherry st."
Sweeney, James, a resident of New York city in 1829. He
was located on " Chatham Row."
Swift, Dean (Toast to) ; born in Dublin, Ireland, 1667 ; died,
1745. His full name was Jonathan Swift, he being styled Dean
Swift, from the fact that he was Dean of St. Patrick's cathedral,
Dublin. He became especially famous as a wit and satirist;
attended school at Kilkenny; entered Trinity College, Dublin,
in 1682; was the author of several published works, and did
considerable writing of a political nature.
Tabb, Nicholas, became a member of the Charitable Irish
Society, Boston, in 1756; was treasurer of the same, 1766 to
1771.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
Tait, John, Jr., member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, 1833. The name was bom by a saddler at 169
Water st.
Temple, Capt. Robert, admitted to the Boston Charitable
Irish Society, 1740. He came from Ireland in 1717, and settled
on Noddle's Island, now East Boston, Mass.; commanded a
company in a campaign against the Indians. On Noddle's
Island he occupied a mansion of which it was said that it
" contained elegant rooms suitable for the reception of per
sons of the first condition."
Templeton, Oliver, a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, in 1784; of Templeton & Stewart, vendue
masters or auctioneers. The partnership was dissolved in
1783. Templeton is described as " an old merchant of New
York." His advertisements are found as early as 1764. In
the N. Y. "Gazette," June 13, 1774, it is stated that "last
week Mr. Oliver Templeton was married by the Rev. Dr.
Cooper, President of King's College, to Miss Betty Brown-
john, daughter of Mr. William Brownjohn, an eminent drug
gist in this city." Templeton died in 1792.
Tew, Charles Courtenay, was colonel of the 2d Regiment
N. C. State troops in the Civil war. See page 251.
Thompson, Alexander, a member in 1835 of the New York
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. There was an inspector, of the
name, with the New York Insurance Co., in 1832.
Thompson, Gen. William, of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, Philadelphia; a native of Ireland; came to this country
before the war of the Revolution; was a surveyor; rendered
valiant service during the French and Indian war; he became
captain of a troop of Light Horse; was a sturdy patriot of the
Revolution; led a regiment, in 1775, to the American camp at
Cambridge, Mass., and participated in the siege of Boston; had
many sharpshooters in his cammand ; was made brigadier-general
in 1776; relieved Gen. Lee in command of the American forces
at New York; commanded eight or ten regiments, in 1776, in
operations against Canada; was later taken prisoner, but was
released on parole. He died in 1781.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 431
Thomson, Charles, a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, as early as 1788. This may have been
Charles Thomson who was for many years secretary of Con
gress. The latter was a native of Ireland, and was born Nov.
29, 1729; died at Lower Merion, Pa., Aug. 16, 1824. He
landed in this country at New Castle, Del., in 1741 ; received
a large part of his education from the Rev. Dr. Allison, an
Irishman. Later, Thomson became a teacher himself; was
well-learned in the Greek and Latin languages ; took a warm
interest in the welfare of the Indians'. The Delawares hon
ored him by " adoption " and termed him a " man of truth."
He was a thorough patriot and served as secretary of Con
gress nearly fifteen years, including the period it held its ses
sions in New York city. Samuel Adams referred to him as
" the soul of the cause of liberty." On April 6, 1789, Thom
son was appointed by Congress to proceed to Mount Vernon
and notify Washington of his "election as president of the
United States. He did so, and returned with Washington
to New York where the latter was inaugurated. Thomson
at the age of 45, had married Hannah Harrison, aunt of the
first President Harrison.
Tieman, Luke, a founder of the Hibernian Society, Balti
more, Md. ; long president of the same; a prominent citizen,
and leading merchant. He was born in County Meath, Ire
land, 1757; died in Baltimore, Md., 1839. Coming to the
United States in 1787, he first settled at Hagerstown, Md.,
but soon after removed to Baltimore. He engaged exten
sively in the shipping business, and Was the first to engage
in direct trade between Baltimore and Liverpool. In politics,
he Was a Whig and a great friend of Henry Clay. Mr. Tier
nan was a presidential elector and voted, in 1824, for John
Quincy Adams. He was a member of a delegation to urge
the Maryland legislature to incorporate the Baltimore & Ohio
Railroad Co.
Tilghman, CoL, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1782. This was doubtless Col. Tench Tilgh
man. Born in Baltimore, Md., 1744; died there, 1786; was a
captain in Mercer's Flying Camp; became aide and private

422 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
secretary to Washington in 1776. He was in many engage
ments, and was selected by Washington to carry to Phila
delphia, the news of CornwaUis' surrender.
Tompkins, Daniel D. (Toasts to) ; governor of New York,
and vice-president of the United States; born in Westchester
County, N. Y., 1774; died on Staten Island, that state, 1825;
a graduate of Columbia College; lawyer; elected to Congress
in 1804, but did not take his seat, resigning to accept a position
on the bench of the New York Supreme Court; resigned from
the bench in 1807 to be a candidate for governor of the
state; was elected by 4000 majority; supported President Jeffer
son's foreign policy; was reelected governor in 1809, 181 1, 1813
and 181 5. He was very active in the war of 1812, and im
mensely popular with the masses. In a short time he had
40,000 state troops raised and equipped ready for the field;
displayed tremendous energy throughout. President Madison
offered him a seat in the cabinet, but the offer was declined;
in 181 6 was nominated for vice president of the United States,
and was elected; was reelected in 1820.
Tone, Theobald Wolfe (Toasts to) ; an Irish patriot ; bom
in 1763; became a member of the Irish parliament; joined the
Society of United Irishmen; was obliged to flee from Ireland;
went to France; negotiated with the Directory of that country
and succeeded in getting it to organize an expedition for the
invasion of Ireland. The command of this expedition was given
to Hoche. A great storm interfered with its success, however,
and little was accomplished. Tone accompanied the expedition
as adjutant-general, holding a French commission. He was
captured by the British and, despite the fact of his being a
French officer, was condemned to death. The government
never had the satisfaction of executing him, however, as he
took his own life by opening a vein, as a result of which he bled
to death. Tone was " generous, chivalrous, brave and talented
in the highest degree," is a tribute paid him.
Tracy, Patrick, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish
Society, 1737. He is stated to have been Patrick Tracy,
a resident of Newburyport, Mass. The latter was an Irish-

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 433
man who came to this country young, poor and friendless,
but who became an opulent merchant of Newburyport. He
was a large shipowner, and during the Revolution fitted out
many privateers. He oWned so much real estate that it was
said he could travel from Newburyport to Washington and
sleep every night, en route, in his own house. When
Arnold's expedition against Canada, in 1775, was quartered
in Newbury, the ofiicers were entertained at dinner by Na
thaniel Tracy, Patrick's son. In some of the records the
name is spelled Tracey. Patrick's daughter wedded a Mr.
Jackson, who was later a member of Congress. Their son,
Patrick Tracy Jackson, became a manufacturer, and was one
of the founders of Lowell, Mass. The house erected by
Patrick for Nathaniel, in 1771, is now used for the public
library of Newburyport. It is of brick, with wide halls and
stairways. Visitors are shown a portrait of Patrick Tracy
in his dress of the olden time. Down stairs are also shown
the room where Washington was received by the Tracys in
1789, also the room where Lafayette was entertained in 1824.
Trenor, Dr., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York,
1830. Longworth's " N. Y. Directory " for 1832, mentions
James Trenor, M.D., and dentist, 20 Grove st. John Trenor,
M.D., and dentist, was located at 4 College Place.
Truxton, Capt., a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1782. This was probably Capt. Thomas Trux
ton of the navy, who was born at Jamaice, L. I., 1755, and died
at Philadelphia, 1822. He was lieutenant of the privateer
" Congress," 1776; commanded the " Independence," 1777, and
captured several prizes, from the enemy, off the Azores. He
was made captain of the frigate " Constellation " in 1794. In
1798-99 he defeated two French men of war, " L'Insurgente "
and " La Vengeance."
Tufts, John, became a member of the Boston Charitablq
Irish Society in 1773; was "keeper of the Silver Key" of the
Society about 1774.
Usher, Luke, mentioned in 1832 as a dealer in mineral
waters at 224 Fourth St., 12 Wall St., and 251 Broadway, New
2$

434 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
York. He was of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, that city,
in 183S and probably earlier.
Vallancey, Gen., also rendered Valiancy, Valency, and
Valencey, (Toasts to). Charles Vallancey was born at
Windsor, Eng., in 1721 ; died at Dublin, Ireland, in 1812. He
joined the engineers ; in 1762, became " engineer in ordinary "
in Ireland; became lieut.-general in 1798. While engaged in
a military survey in Ireland, he became greatly interested in
Irish history, antiquities and language. In 1772, he pub
lished an " Essay on the Celtic Language," accompanied by
a grammar of the Irish tongue. An improved edition of the
grammar was brought out in 1778. It was called " A Gram
mar of the Iberno-Celtic or Irish Language." His last work
was entitled : " Prospectus of a Dictionary of the Language
of the Aire-Coti or Ancient Irish." It appeared in 1802.
Vallancey was secretary to the Society of Antiquaries of Ire
land in 1773.
Verplanck, Gulian C, guest at St. Patrick's Day celebra
tions in New York; a native of New York city; born, 1786;
died, 1870; was graduated from Columbia College in 1801; be
came a leading lawyer; member of the New York legislature,
1820; member of Congress, 1825 to 1833; State Senate, 1838-41;
was for many years president of the board of emigration com
missioners at New York; vestryman of Trinity church, that
city; a governor of the city hospital for many years; vice chan
cellor of the state university. His father, Daniel C. Verplanck,
born 1761, had also been a member of Congress and served
from Oct. 17, 1803, to March 3, 1809.
Vila, James, a resident of Boston, 1799. The Charitable
Irish Society purposed observing St. Patrick's Day, that year
by a dinner " at James Vila's," on Monday, March 18.
WaddeU, Robert R., secretary of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1784-1788, 1789-1790, 1791, 1792, 1793-
1794, 179s, 1796, 1797-1804, 1805, 1807-1808, 1809-1810, 181 1,
This may have been Robert Ross Waddell, who had been a
member of the important house of Greg, Cunningham & Co.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 435
Later, in 1778, he was in the grocery trade on King street, and
in 1790, was located at 61 that street.
Wallace, William, as early as 1804 a member of the New
York Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. He was probably William:
Wallace of William Wallace & Co., prominent merchants, 208
Pearl st., that city.
Warren, J., of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York,
in 1835. Five Warrens Whose first name began with " J "
were located in New York city in 1832. They were: James
Warren, grocer, 60 Front st. ; John Warren, broker, 46 Wall
St.; John G. Warren, broker, 46 Wall st. ; Joseph Warren,
carpenter, 207 Grand st., and Joshua Warren, ship carpenter,
243 Delancey st.
Warren, Sir Peter, an Irishman, bom, 1702; died in his
native country, 1752; entered the British navy, 1727; in 1745
comfmanded the expedition against Louisburg, being assisted
by a land force under Gen. Pepperell. Warren was then a
commodore. He became a rear-admiral. In 1747, he gave
battle to the French off Cape Finisterre and inflicted a severe
defeat upon them. He wedded the eldest daughter of Stephen
De Lancey, of New York, and became the possessor of much
land in the Mohawk region. Warren was an uncle of Sir
William Johnson. The town of Warren, R. I., was named in
his honor.
Washington, George, first president of the United States;
bom in Westmoreland County, Va., Feb. 22 (O. S., 11), 1732;
died at Mount Vernon, Dec. 14, 1799. He was made an
" adopted " member of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, Pa., December, 1781. Washington dined with the
Friendly Sons, just mentioned, on at least three occasions, viz:
Jan. I, 1782; March 18, 1782, and June 18, 1787.
Washington, Major, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, PhUadelphia, in 1783. This was doubtless WiUiam Augus
tine Washington, a kinsman of Gen. George Washington. Wil
liam was born in Virginia, 1752, and died in Charleston, S. C,

426 BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE
1810; was a cavalry officer in the Revolution; served under
Mercer as a captain in the Virginia Line; took part in the
battles of Long Island, Trenton and Princeton ; became a lieu
tenant-colonel ; active in the South; displayed great valor at
the Cowpens; participated in the battles of Hobkirk's Hill
and Eutaw Springs.
Watson, James, in 1805 a member of the New York
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick. There was a merchant of the
name, about that time, at 6 State st.. New York. James Wat-
Son, Jr., was a merchant at 44 Broad st.
Wayne, Gen. Anthony, a member of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society. His
father was a native of Ireland. Anthony was born in Chester
CO., Pa., about 1745-6, organized a volunteer corps at the out
break of the Revolution; in 1776 was appointed by Congress
to the command of a regiment; took part in the operations
in Canada; was in command of the army at Ticonderoga;
commissioned a Brigadier-General by Congress; commanded
a division at the battle of Germantown, and greatly distin
guished himself at the battle of Monmouth. In 1779, by a
brUliant assault, he recaptured Stony Point from the British,
being wounded in the attack. For this exploit, he received the
thanks of Congress, and a gold medal. He was again wounded
in the Yorktown campaign. After the war, he returned to
Philadelphia, became a member of the Council of Censors, and
of the Pennsylvania Constitutional Convention. Later, Wash
ington gave him command of the Army of the West, in the
operations against the Indians; was a member of the Society of
the Cincinnati; died, 1796.
Wa3me, Hon. James M., Was invited to attend the banquet of
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New York, 1833. He was
born in Savannah, Ga., 1790; died at Washington, D. C, 1863;
was graduated from Princeton, 1808; became a lawyer; mem
ber of the state legislature of Georgia; mayor of Savannah;
judge of the Superior Court; member of Congress. Andrew
Jackson appointed him, in 1835, associate justice of the U. S.
Supreme court.

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE 437
Weaver, Captain, a resident of Baltimore, Md., 1798. In
connection With a celebration of St. Patrick's Day in Balti
more that year, it is noted that "at eleven o'clock Captain
Stewart's Irish brigade and Keating's Irish grenadiers, ac
companied by a detachment of Captain Weaver's artillery,
with two pieces of cannon, marched to Federal Hill and fired
three volleys in honor of the day."
West, WiUiam, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, PhUa
delphia; vice-president and president of the same; born in Sligo,
Ireland, and settled in Philadelphia, Pa., prior to the Revolu
tion; dry-goods merchant; a friend of Benjamin Franklin.
Wheaton, Eber, of New York city. At a St. Patrick's Day
banquet there, in 1831, under the auspices of the " Friendly
Sons of Ireland," [correctly, perhaps, the Friends of Ireland],
he and Thomas Addis Emmet were vice-presidents, and Dr.
William J. Macneven was president.
Whelen, Rev. Michael, an Irish Franciscan priest who was
sent to Kentucky as a missionary, arriving there in 1787.
Whitaker, Benj., speaker of the Georgia House of Repre
sentatives, 1812; signed the Act of Incorporation of the Hi
bernian Society, of Savannah, that year.
White, Campbell P., president of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, 1835-1836, 1837 and 1838; a member of the
Society as early as 1833.
White, John CampbeU, a founder of the Hibernian Benevo
lent Society, Baltimore, Md., 1803. He was grandfather of
the Hon. William P. White of Maryland.
White, Robert, of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, 1833. He may have been the Robert White who, about
that time, was cashier of the Manhattan bank, 145 Chambers
St. Robert White, Jr., was a merchant at 273 Pearl st.
Wier, Robert, Jr., admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish
Society in 1792. Robert Wier & Sons were merchants at 39
Long Wharf, Boston.

438

BIOGRAPHICAL REFERENCE

WUkinson, Gen. James (Toasts to) ; bom in Maryland, 1757;
died in Mexico, Dec. 28, 1825; was made a captain in Reed's
New Hampshire regiment at Cambridge, Mass., in the spring
of 1776; participated in the battles of Trenton and Princeton j
served under Gates as Adjutant-General and carried to Con
gress an account of the capture of Lord Burgoyne; was brev
etted brigadier-general and made secretary of the board of war.
In July, 1779, he became clothier-general to the army. From
1796 to 1798 he was General-in-Chief of the army, and Ukewise
from 1800 to 1812. He was governor of Louisiana Territory
from 1805 to 1807; took part in our second war against Eng
land and succeeded Gen. Dearborn in command of the northern
frontier. Wilson, Capt. Alexander, became a member of the Chari
table Irish Society, Boston, Mass., in 1768; in 1779 was on a
committee of Boston merchants to fix the prices of certain
commodities. Wilson, James, a guest of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, in 1793; born in Scotland, about 1742; died in
North Carolina, 1798; a signer of the Declaration of Independ
ence; a justice of the Supreme Court of the United States; pro
fessor of law in the University of Pennsylvania.
WUson, John, was a member of the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, New York, in 1828; treasurer of the Society in 1830
and 1831.
WUson, Sir Robert T. (Toast to) ; a British general and
author; born in London, 1777; died there, 1849; in the Penin
sular War commanded the Lusitanian Legion and a Spanish
brigade; member, of Parliament; governor of Gibraltar.
Woodward, John, treasurer of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York, 1815-1816.
Wright, Francis, admitted to the Boston Charitable Irish
Society, in 1784; was vice-president of the same, 1791, 1792 and
1793- Wright, John W., treasurer of the Shamrock Friendly Asso
ciation, New York, 1822.

ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
Alexander, Sarah W., a native of Newry, Ireland; born,
1768 ; wedded Christopher R. Perry, of Rhode Island, and be
came the mother of Oliver Hazard Perry, the American naval
commander who defeated the British on Lake Erie. Speak
ing of Sarah (Alexander) Perry, A. S. Mackenzie, in his life
of Commodore O. H. Perry, says that her friends in Ireland
" had been involved in the Irish rebellion. She herself, had
felt a lively interest in the cause of liberty and had listened
with deep interest to every account she had heard [in Ireland]
of battles and skirmishes in the neighborhood. She took a
pleasure in recounting * * * the achievements of her
countrymen and always insisted that they were the bravest
people in the world. These narratives fired the mind of Oliver
[one of her sons] and created a desire in him to pursue the pro
fession of arms." She " to great strength of character, added
high intellectual power and rare social grace, training her
children with extraordinary care to high ideals of life and
duty." It is said of her that she fitted Oliver " to command
others by teaching him early to obey." Oliver received much
of his early education from Old Master Kelly, an Irish school
teacher at Tower HiU, South Kingstown, R. I. This vener
able instructor had taught the youth of that neighborhood for
a long period. During Oliver's term at the school. Master
Kelly was compelled to retire owing to old age.
Andre, John, a British soldier born in London, 1751; was
executed as a spy at Tappan, N. Y., 1780. In the autumn of
1775, he was taken prisoner by Gen. Montgomery. Subse
quently, he served on the staff of Gen. Gray and later on that
of Sir Henry Clinton, by whom, in 1779, he was made adjutant-
general of the British army in America. Under the name
" John Anderson," Andre engaged in secret negotiations with
Gen. Benedict Arnold for the surrender of West Point to the
(439)

440 ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
British. On his way back to New York city, in Sept. 1780,
after an interview with Arnold, he was intercepted by three
young patriots— John Paulding, David Williams and Isaac
Van Wart. They searched him and in his stockings found
treasonable documents given him by Arnold. Andre was
arraigned as a spy before an American military court con
sisting of six major-generals and eight brigadiers. He was
found guilty, sentenced to be hanged and the sentence was
carried out. He was buried where executed. In 1821, his
remains were exhumed, taken to England and reinterred in
Westminster Abbey.
Amold, Gen. Benedict, born in Norwich, Conn., 1741 ; died
in London, Eng., 1801 ; early in the Revolution, he rendered
valiant service in the cause of Liberty, but later became a
traitor and planned to surrender West Point to the British.
Upon the exposure of his plot, he fled to New York city, where
he took refuge with the enemy. He had been a brigadier-
general in the Patriot army and received a like commission
from the British. He took up arms against his countrymen
and fought in favor of the Crown. He later went to England,
was received by the king, and finally settled in London.
Barnwell, John, a native of Ireland ; born about 1671 ; died
about June, 1724, at Beaufort, S. C. ; a soldier; was sent by
Gov. Craven of South Carolina with a force of 600 men to pun
ish the Tuscarora Indians who had formed a conspiracyin 1712.
He accomplished the object of his expedition. He was sent
to England in 1722 as agent of South Carolina. His grandson,
Robert, was a patriot of the Revolution.
Barry, Patrick, born in Ireland, 1816; became a prominent
horticulturist ; arrived in America in 1836 ; entered the employ
of Prince & Co., nurserymen. Flushing, L. I., N. Y. In 1840,
he formed a partnership with George EUwanger, at Rochester,
N. Y. This firm eventually owned the largest nurseries in the
country. Mr. Barry edited the " Genesee Farmer," from 1844
to 1852 and the " Horticulturist " from 1852 to 1854. He pub
lished a " Treatise on the Fruit Garden," and prepared the
valuable " Catalogue of the American Pomological Society."

ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 441
Bell, John, a native of Ireland, born, 1796; died, 1872; came
to the United States, 1810; graduated at the University of
Pennsylvania, 1817; was for years a lecturer on the institutes
of medicine, in Philadelphia; professor in a medical college
in Ohio.
Berkeley, George, a native of the County Kilkenny, Ireland ;
born, 1684; died, 1753; has been styled "the Kilkenny
scholar"; became Dean of Derry (Anglican), in 1724. He
had a project to establish a missionary college in Bermuda for
the purpose of converting the American Indians to Chris
tianity, and came to Newport, R. I., in 1729, to further his
plans Emd await promised financial aid from abroad. Hei
purchased a farm near Newport, called his residence theron
Whitehall, and quickly became the intellectual leader of the
Rhode Island colony. The promised funds for his projected
college not arriving, he relinquished his idea, returned to the
Old World in Sept., 1731, and three years later was made
Bishop of Cloyne, in Cork, declining, many years after, to be
translated to the see of Clogher. He was the author of " Al-
ciphron, or the Minute Philosopher," and of various other
works. The poem " Westward, the Course of Empire takes
its way " was written, by him.
Blaine, Janies Gillespie, an American statesman of Irish
descent; born in Washington, Pa., 1830; died, some years ago;
removed to Maine, early in life, and became editor of the Port
land " Advertiser " ; elected to Congress in 1862, and five times
re-elected ; was chosen speaker of the National House of Rep
resentatives in 1869, and again in 1871 and 1873; was appointed
United States Senator, in 1876, and later; was Secretary of
State in the cabinet of President Garfield. In 1884 Mr. Blaine
was nominated for president of the United States, but was de
feated. He again entered the cabinet as secretary of State,
this time under President Benjamin Harrison.
Blakeley, Johnston, distinguished American naval officer;
a native of Ireland; born, 1781; lost at sea, 1814. He was
brought, when but two years of age, to this country by his

442 ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
father, John Blakeley, who settled in Wilmington, N. C. In
1790, Johnston was sent to New York city, where he spent
five years in study. In 1796, he matriculated at the University
of North Carolina; entered the navy as a midshipman, 1800;
became lieutenant, 1807 ; commanded the " Enterprise," 1813.
July 24, 1813, was appointed to command the "Wasp," and
sailed on a cruise in her from Portsmouth, N. H., May i, 1814.
On June 28, he captured the British ship " Reindeer " after a
spirited action of nineteen minutes. Sept. i, he met the
British brig " Avon," and forced her to surrender. Sept. 21,
he captured the brig "Atalanta." He was made a captain,
Nov. 24. On Oct. 4, the " Wasp " was spoken by a Swedish
ship, and that was the last ever heard of her. She is supposed
to have, foundered.
Broderick, David C, born in Washington, D. C, 1820; died
near Lake Merced, Cal., 1859. His father weis from Ireland
and was at one time employed on the stone work for the
National Capitol. The family removed to New York in 1823,
where in time David C, the subject of this sketch, became
connected with the volunteer fire department, and attained
political influence. In 1846, he was a Democratic candidate
for Congress, from New York, but was not elected. He went
to California in 1849, was a member there of the Constitutional
convention ; was elected to the State Senate in 1850 and 1851 ;
became president of that body. In 1856, he was elected U. S.
Senator from California ; was mortally wounded in a duel with
David S. Terry, chief justice of the Supreme Court of Cali
fornia. Buchanan, James, president of the United States; born near
Mercersburg, Pa., 1791 ; died at Lancaster, Pa., 1868; son of an
Irishman; graduated at Dickinson College, 1809; began the
practice of law, 1812; elected to the Pennsylvania House of
Representatives, 1814; re-elected, 1815; elected to Congress,
1820; Was appointed by President Andrew Jackson as U. S.
Minister to Russia, about 183 1-2; was elected a United States
Senator from Pennsylvania, 1834; secretary of state in the
cabinet of President James K. Polk; was inaugurated president
of the United States, March 4, 1857.

ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 443
Calhoun, John C, son of Patrick and Martha (Caldwell)
Calhoun. The father was a native of Ireland and the mother
a native of Virginia, her father being of Irish birth. John C.
became a distinguished lawyer ; was elected to Congress ; be
came secretary of war under President James Monroe ; in 1824,
Calhoun was elected vice-president of the United States. In
1844, be became secretary of state. He was born in the Abbe
ville District, S. C, 1782; died, in Washington, D. C, 1850.
Casserly, Eugene, born in Ireland, 1822; died in San Fran
cisco, Cal., 1883. When but two years of age, he was brought
to New York by his parents; the father was a teacher and
young Casserly received an excellent training; graduated at
Georgetovm College, D. C. ; became a lawyer in New York;
was corporation attorney, 1846-7; removed to San Francisco,
Cal., where he continued the practice of his profession, and for
a time edited a paper. He Was elected United States Senator
from California in 1869.
Cassidy, WUliam, born in Albany, N. Y., 1815; died there,
1873 ; a prominent journalist. His father, John Cassidy, came
from Ireland and settled in Albany about 1780. WilHam, the
son, became a lawyer; was State librarian, 1840-2; became
part owner and sole editor of the Albany " Atlas," 1843. In
1856, the "Atlas" and the "Argus" were united with Mr.
Cassidy as editor. He changed the name back to the " Argus,"
in 1865, and formed a stock company; he was elected to the
Constitutional Convention.
Clinton, Charles, a native of the County Longford, Ireland ;
born, 1690; died in what is now Orange county, N. Y., 1773;
sailed from Ireland for Philadelphia, Pa., May 20, 1729, he
and a party of relatives and friends having chartered a ship
for that purpose. The voyage was a long one, many deaths
occurred en route, a son and a daughter of Clinton being
among those who perished. Either through accident or de
sign, the captain, instead of taking them direct to Philadelphia,
landed them on Cape Cod, Mass. It is stated that during the
voyage, the captain's conduct became so unsatisfactory that
a plan was entertained to deprive him of the command. This,

444 ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
however, was not carried out. In the spring of 1731, the sur
vivors of the party settled in Ulster County, N. Y., sixty miles
north of New York city and six miles west of the Hudson
river. Clinton there engaged in farming and land survey
ing. He became a county judge, was lieutenant-colonel in
Oliver De Lancey's regiment, March, 1758, and served under
Col. Bradstreet at the siege and capture of Fort Frontenac.
Of Charles Clinton's sons, Alexander graduated at Princeton,
in 1750, and became a physician ; Charles, another son, was a
surgeon in the army that took Havana, 1762; James and
George are spoken of on page 348 of this volume.
Conness, John, a native of Ireland, born in 1821 ; came to the
United States at thirteen years of age; worked in New York
city as a pianoforte maker ; went to California in 1849, engaged
in mining and became a merchant; elected to the California
l^slature; elected to the U. S. Senate and was a member
thereof from March 4, 1863 to March 4, 1869. Later, he
removed to Massachusetts.
Connor, Patrick E., born in Ireland, 1820 ; educated in New
York city; participated as a soldier in the Florida war; later
engaged in mercantile business in New York ; settled in Texas,
1846; at the breaking out of the war with Mexico, he was
made a captain of Texas volunteers ; took part in the battle of
Palo Alto, Resaca de la Palma, and Buena Vista ; was severely
wounded in the latter engagement ; after the war, he removed
to California; in 1861, raised a regiment there and proceeded
to Utah to prevent a threatened Mormon revolt and to chastise
plundering Indians on the overland routes. In 1863, he was
commissioned brigadier-general ; later, he received the brevet
rank of major-general ; was mustered out in 1866, and engaged
in mining interests.
Conway, Eleanor, married James Madison and became the
mother of James Madison, president of the United States.
The latter was born at Port Conway, Va., March 16, 1751.
His mother was also spoken of before her marriage as Nelly
Conway. She is stated to have been of a family of Irish
settlers who located in that part of the country.

ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 445
Duane, James, first mayor of New York City after its evac
uation by the British. His father was an Irishman. James
was born in New York city, 1733; died at Duanesburg, N. Y.,
1797. He had inherited a tract of land at Duanesburg and
established a settlement thereon in 1765. He became a law
yer, and married a dj^ughter of Col. Robert Livingston ; was a
member of the Continental Congress during its entire period
of existence. He returned to New York, after the British had
departed, and served as mayor from 1784 to 1789. He was
also elected to the State Senate and held other positions of
prominence. He was a man of great ability and was highly
esteemed. McKeon, John, born in Albany, N. Y., 1808; died in New
York city, 1883; graduated at Columbia, 1825; became a prom
inent lawyer; member of the State Legislature, 1832-34; mem
ber of Congress, Dec. 7, 1835, to March 3, 1837, and from May
31, 1841, to March 3, 1843 ; district attorney of the County of
New York; U. S. district attorney for the Southern district
of New York.
O'Conor, John Michael, a native of New York; lieutenant in
the Third U. S. Artillery, 1812; later, regimental quarter
master ; was made captain in the Spring of 1813 ; June 20, 1814,
he was appointed assistant adjutant-general under Gardner,
on Gen. Brown's staff, and held the rank at the time of the
battle of Chippewa, in which he participated. He left the
army in 1821. He translated, in 1824, for the U. S. Military
Academy at West Point, Guy de Vernon's " Science of War
and Fortifications."
O'Conor, Thomas (also written O'Connor) ; born in Dublin,
Ireland, 1770; died in New York city, 1855; came to the
United States in 1801 ; was associated With William Keman
and others in establishing a settlement in Steuben County,
N. Y., on a tract of 40,000 acres; eventually abandoned the
project, and located permanently in New York city; devoted
himself largely to literary and journalistic pursuits; estab
lished, in 1812, the " Military Monitor " ; also established the
" Shamrock," and the " Globe." He was the father of Charles
O'Conor, the great jurist.

446 ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES
O'Rielly, Henry, born in Carrickmacross, Ireland, 1806; ap
prenticed to the publisher of the New York " Columbian,"
where he learned the art of printing. The " Columbian " was
a political supporter of De Witt Clinton and a strong advocate
of the Erie canal. O'Rielly, when but 17 years of age, be
came assistant editor of the New York " Patriot." In 1826,
he was made editor of the Rochester, N. Y., " Daily Adver
tiser." In 1834, he became chairman of the Executive Com
mittee of Rochester on Canal Affairs, and at that and other
times, greatly interested himself in the Erie canal. In 1838,
he was appointed postmaster of Rochester. He originated
a project for establishing a telegraph system, to be 8,000 miles
in length and to connect leading sections of the country east
of the Mississippi. He was an active patriot throughout the
Civil War and took a vigorous part in behalf of the preserva
tion of the Union. He had also been greatly interested in rail
road matters. About 1838, he brought out a work entitled:
" Sketches of Rochester, with Incidental Notices of Western
New York." A member of the New York Historical Society
for many years, and presented the latter many works of
interest. Patterson, Elizabeth, born in Baltimore, Md., 1785; died
there, 1879. William Patterson, her father, came from the Irish
province of Ulster when a boy, and became one of the wealth
iest citizens of Maryland. Elizabeth, the daughter, wedded
Jerome Bonaparte, the ceremony being solemnized by Arch
bishop Carroll.
Paulding, John, one of the captors of Major Andre; born
in 1758; died at Staatsburg, N. Y., 1818; was made a prisoner
by the British three times during the Revolution and had
escaped, the second time, but a few days before he participated
in the seizure of Andre. The corporation of New York city,
in 1827, erected a marble monument near PeekskiU, N. Y., to
his memory.
Polk, James K., president of the United States; born in
Mecklenburg, N. C, 1795 ; died at Nashville, Tenn., 1849. He
was of Irish descent, the name originally having been Pollock.

ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES 447
The surname Pollock appears on the rolls of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, New York, the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, and of the Hibernian Society of the latter city.
James K. Polk, the subject of this sketch, was graduated at the
University of North Carolina, 1818. He became a member of
the legislature of Tennessee; was sent in 1825 as a delegate
to Congress ; was speaker of the national House of Representa
tives, 1835 to 1837, and in 1839, ^is total service in Congress
comprising a period of fourteen years; strongly favored the
annexation of Texas; was nominated in 1844 by the Demo
cratic National Convention for president of the United States
and was elected to that position.
Seagrove, James, a merchant ; at one time a member of the
New York Chamber of Commerce. In 1775, he was Captain-
Lieutenant in an Independent Company of Foot, called the
Royal Artillery ; was one of the addressers of Gen. Lord Howe
in Oct. 1776 ; was later spoken of as "disaffected " to the
Crown; went southward.
Sloan, Samuel, became a member of the New York Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick in 1843; was president of the Society in
1857-8; attended the banquet of the Friendly Sons in March,
1902, and was the recipient of cordial greetings, he being the
oldest living president of the organization. Mr. Sloan has
been president of the Delaware, Lackawanna & Western R.R.
Co., and also of the New York, Lackawanna & Western.
Van Buren, Martin, president of the United States ; born at
Kinderhook, N. Y., 1782; died there, 1862; became a lawyer;
elected to the State Senateof New York, 1812 ; attorney-general
of New York, 1815 to 1819; leader of the "Albany Regency,"
a political body, which held control of the State for nearly
two decades; elected to the United States Senate, 182 1 ; mem
ber of the State Constitutional Convention ; again U. S. Sen
ator in 1827; governor of New York, 1828; became Secretary
of State in President Andrew Jackson's cabinet, 1829; was
elected President of the United States in 1836 and inaugurated
in 1837.

448 ADDITIONAL BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES ,
Wallace, Alexander, a native of Ireland; came to America
and became prominent as a merchant; was of the firm Hugh &
Alexander Wallace, New York, extensively engaged in the
Irish trade; a member of the New York Chamber of Commerce;
was loyal to the Crown; his property was confiscated. He
had a son Hugh.
Wallace, Hugh, second president of the New York Chamber
of Commerce; a native of Ireland; came to New York, and at
tained great prominence as a merchant. The New York " Mer
cury," Oct. 23, 1753, has an advertisement which reads : " Just
Imported, a large Assortment of Irish Linnens, and to be sold
cheap by Hugh Wallace, at his Store in New — Dutch — Church
Street." On July 31, 1758, he advertises: "To be sold at
Private Sale, by Hugh Wallace, The Snow La Faveur, lately
a French Privateer, with or without her Guns and Warlike
Stores as the Purchaser pleases. If said Vessel is not sold
before she wUl be sold at Publick Vendue at the Coffee House
on Tuesday, the 8th of August, next. Said Wallace has a large
Parcel of Fyall Wines to dispose of which he will sell reason
ably." The same year, Wallace applies for commissions for
captains of the ship " Terrible," 10 guns, and the snow " Mon-
tresor," also of 10 guns. In 1760, he married Miss Sally Low,
daughter of ComeUus Low of Raritan, N. J. He became a
member of the King's Council, of New York, and remained in
the office until the downfall of British power in New York.
Alexander Wallace was his brother.

A GENERAL INDEX.

Abbe de la Poterie, of Boston, 36.
Abercrombie, Rev. Dr., 232.
Academy of Fine Arts, The Amer
ican, 347-348.
Academy, The French, 400.
Academy, The Royal Irish, 346,359.
" A Century of Dull and Leaden
Tyranny" in Ireland, 6.
" A club of Irish gentlemen met
at each other's houses," 250.
" A crowd of Irish soldiers went
by this afternoon, with one on
horseback representing St. Fat-
rick," 20.
" Act of Union " between Eng
land and Ireland, 345, 368, 417.
Act to Incorporate the Hibernian
¦of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat-
Society of Savannah, Ga., 258, 259.
Adams, John, an Irishman who be
came prominent as a dry goods
merchant in New York, 329, 367.
Adams, Samuel, patriot of the
American Revolution, 114, 329,
431-
" A day of general festivity in the
American army" (St. Patrick's),
23-
Address by G. C. Verplanck, 205.
Address by Governor Edward Ev
erett, of Massachusetts, to the
Boston Charitable Irish Society,
267, 268, 269.
Address by Secretary Pyke, 194.
Address by the Very Rev. Dr.
Power, 206.
Address of William Murphy, in
1809, "To the People of the
State of New York," 309, 310,
311, 312, 313, 314, 31S, 316, 317,
318.
Address presented by " Naturalized
Irishmen " of New York to De
Witt Clinton, 347.
Address to Andrew Jackson, Pres
ident of the United States, by the
Charitable Irish Society, 36, 40,
41, 42, 43; by the Shamrock
Friendly Association, 308.
Address to Washington on behalf
29

rick, Philadelphia, 221; address
on behalf of the Catholics of the
United States, 386.
" A dinner of five hundred covers
partaken of by the Volunteers of
Ireland " (in New York), 30, 31.
" A distinguished Irishman," the
Earl of Gosford, a visitor in Bos
ton (in 1838), 273.
" Adopted Citizens " addressed by
" A Son of Erin " (in 1810), 305.
Advertisement in 1753 by Hugh
Wallace of New York, 448.
" A famous belle in the Irish capi
tal," 416.
" A free press, the terror of ty
rants," 114.
A Gramtnar of ihe Iberno-Celtic or
Irish Language, 434.
" A great parade this day with the
Irish" (March 17, 1781), 23.
Agriculture of the United States,
230.
Ainsworth, Col. F. C, Washing
ton, D. C, 22.
Albany Atlas and Argus, 443.
Albany, N. Y., Celebration by the
St. Patrick's Society of, 304.
Albany, N. Y., Celebrations in,
261, 262, 265.
Albany N. Y., Register, 304.
Albany, N. Y., St. Patrick's So
ciety of, 261, 262, 265, 304.
Albany, N. Y., The Hibernian
Provident Society of, 261.
Albany, N. Y., the Irish in, 261.
Albany, N. Y., The Sons of Erin
of, 262, 264, 265.
"Albany Regency," The, 447-
Akiphron, or the Minute Philosopher,
441.
Alexander, Sarah Wallace, mother
of Commodore Perry, 185.
" Alex. Cranston & Co.," promi
nent merchants of New York,
3.63-
" Alien and Sedition Laws," The,
109.
Alley, Saul, a New York mer
chant, 330.

4SO

A GENERAL INDEX

A " Uttle rum ' to he issued to the
American troops, 22.
Alliance, The frigate, 333.
All Impulse to Economic Progress
in Ireland Destroyed, 6.
" All made merry and were good
friends," 20.
" All the delicacies and substan-
tials peculiar to Irish hosijital-
ity," 43-
" A man of excellent manners and
good acquirements," 217.
America, Merchants persuade peo
ple to embark for, 7.
America, The departed worthies
of, 109.
American Academy of Fine Arts,
347-348.
American Archives, 19.
American army, officers of the, en
tertained in New York by Gov.
Clinton, 35.
American Army, St. Patrick's Day
one of general festivity in the,
23-
" American bayonets, wielded by
Republican youth," 113.
American besieging army before
Boston, 405.
American Camp at Cambridge,
Mass., 430.
American Catholic Hierarchy, 236.
American Catholic Historical Re
searches, 369, 385.
American Catholic Historical So
ciety, 369.
American Colonists, Rights of the,
341.
" Araerica, Commerce and Free
dom," 130.
American Continental Army, 366,
368, 383, 393-
American Flag, The, 121.
American force landed at White
haven, England, 378.
" American Forces at New York,"
The, 430.
American Forces before Boston,
403-
Amencan Geographical Society,
354-
American Historical Register, 23.
"American Immortals and Irish
Heroes Duly Honored," 261.
American Independence, The
memory of the heroes who fell
in the establishment of, 132.
American-Irish Historical Society,
18, 349, 383, 384, 40s, 408.
American military court, consist

ing of six major-generals and
eight brigadiers, tries and con
victs John Andre, 440.
American Minerva, The, 191.
American Patriot, The, 239, 240.
American patriot army at Valley
Forge, 426.
American Patriots, Henry Grat
tan applauds the stand taken by
the, 368.
American People, The, ill, 113,
IIS, 117, 120, 126.
American Pomological Society,
440.
American Revolution, Heroes of
the, 162.
American ship President, The, 421.
Americans surprise the Hessians,
216.
Americans take possession of New
York City, 35.
" American Tars," a Toast to, 135,
139-
American troops, A " little rum "
to be issued to, 22.
American victory in a naval action
lasting nineteen minutes, 442.
American troops encamped at West
Point, 23.
Amherst, Lord, 400.
" Amiable Society of Friendly
Brothers of St. Patrick," The,
• 33.
An Albany, N. Y., celebration "at
tended by the Governor, Mayor
of New York, Mr. Emmet and
others," 261.
" An ancient resident of Salem,
Mass.," 214.
Ancient Irish Poetry, 167, 339.
" And by Liffey's beds of green,"
119.
Anderson's Brigade, 251.
Andre, Major, the British spy,
369, 380, 439, 440.
Andrew Jackson a member of the
Hibernian Society of Philadel-
-hia. Pa., 42, 231. Copy of his
membership certificate, 42.
An " Erin Ball " in 1832, 209.
" An excellent panegyric in honor
of the Saint," 40.
An extra issue of grog to the
American army at Valley Forge,
on St. Patrick's Day (1778), 20.
Angeli, Col. Israel, of Rhode Is
land, 23, 331.
Anglesea, Marquis of, 63.
" Anglo-United States Bank," The,
136.

A GENERAL INDEX

45 1

" An Irishman and a Citizen,"
Communication from, 301, 302.
" An Irishman of the Sixth Ward "
(New York), addresses " Nat
uralized Irishmen " (in 1810),
305-
Annexation of Texas, 447.
Anniversary Orators of the Hiber
nian Society, Savannah, Ga., 260.
An ordinance passed " To prevent
improper conduct on certain
days," 298; copy of the ordi
nance, 298, 299; petition from
"Saint Patrick" for its better
enforcement, 299, 300, 301.
Anti-Catholic laws in England's
American colonies, 9.
Antics of a " Stuflfed Paddy " na
ture, 20.
Anti-Duelling Association, 361.
Antrim, Ireland, 376, 409.
" A number of natives of Ireland
and their American friends,"
dine in Washington, D. C, in
1812, 262, 263.
" A Paddy and No More," 49.
A political ripple in New York,
143-
Appeals to New York Irishmen,
in i8io, to vote the Republican
ticket, 305.
Archives of the Hibernian Society,
Charleston, S. C, 252.
Armagh, Ireland, 340, 392.
Arms of Ireland, 'The, 16.
Army of the Niagara, 339.
Army of the United States, 134,
177, 184, 195, 198, 230, 231, 232,
243, 269, 339.
Arnold's expedition against Can
ada, 433.
Arnold plots to surrender West
Point to the British, 439, 440.
Articles on the early Irish in this
country, 384, 405.
" A Silver key, with the arms of
Ireland thereon," 16.
" A Son of Erin," New York, ad
dresses the " Adopted Citizens "
(in 1810), 305.
Association for Civil and Religious
Liberty, 55, 63.
Association of the Friends of Ire
land and of the Friends of Lib
erty of all Nations, 68.
Associators, Ephraim Blaine assists
in raising a regiment of, 335.
Associators, Third battalion of,
398.
Astor, John Jacob, associated in

business with Alexander Ma
comb, 388.
A "Stuflfed Paddy" displayed in
Baltimore, 240.
" At camp," Anthony Wayne and
Richard Butler are so reported,
222.
Athenaeum, The Boston, 418.
" At Esquire Hardenbrook's," New
York, 323.
" At Mount Pleasant, near the col
lege " (New York), 390.
"^ At the Sheriflf's Hotel," 193,
" A true friend of democracy and
Irishmen," 214, 411.
A type of the genial Irish host,
"A very elegant breakfast at
Hull's," New York, 29.
Bagpipe, Essay on the, 154.
Balfour, Miss, " Erin's patriotic
child," 332.
Ball at the Bowery Theatre, 202.
Ballyshannon, 332.
Baltimore: A " St. Patrick's Ball "
in 1795, 238.
Baltimore, A "Stuflfed Paddy"
displayed in, 240.
Baltimore, Blockade of, 247.
Baltimore, " Captain Stewart's
Irish Brigade " of, 427. 437.
Baltimore, Captain Weaver's Ar
tillery of, 437.
Baltimore, Celebration of St. Pat
rick's Day by Weaver's Artillery,
236, 239.
Baltimore, Celebration in 1803,
239-
Baltimore, Celebration by Keat
ing's Irish Grenadiers, 236, 239.
Baltimore, Celebration there in
1795, 326.
Baltimore, Celebrations in 1797,
238.
Baltimore, First Battalion of the
Twenty-seventh regiment, 236,
384.
Baltimore, Irishmen among the
first settlers of, 236.
Baltimore Irishmen in 1805, Prom
inent, 242.
Baltimore, Keating's Irish Grena"
diers of, 437.
Baltimore, Leading merchants of,
participate in St. Patrick's Day
events, 237.
Baltimore, " Mr. Neale Nugent's
Tavern," 337.
Baltimore, Stewart's Irish Bri
gade observes the Day, 236, 239.

452

A GENERAL INDEX

Baltimore, Subscription ball in, 239.
Baltimore Telegraph, 238.
Baltimore, The Fountain Inn, 340.
Baltimore, The Hibernian Benev
olent Society of, founded in 1803,
240.
Baltimore: The Independent Light
Dragoons, 236, 336.
" Baltimore's, Leading Hostelry,
the famous Fountain Inn," 367.
Bank Coflfee House, New York,
52, S3, 54, .=;';, 60, 61, 64, 65, 68,
69, 73, 74, 100, IOI, 102, 210.
Bank of New York, Daniel Mc
Cormick a director of the, 394,
397-
Bank of North America, 217, 343,
363, 406.
Bank of Pennsylvania, 332, 406.
Banquet in the Bowery, New York
City (1779), 12.
Barclay, William, sails for France
on the Shillelah, 333.
Bardin, Mr., Celebration at house
of, 26.
Barnard, Rev. Mr., " of the War
ren Street Chapel," 273.
Bardstown, Ky., 254, 255.
" Barney Thomson, piper " to the
regiment, 30, 33.
Baron Steuben investigates a dis
turbance in Philadelphia, 20.
Barrett's Old Merchants of New
York City, 373, 387, 394-
Barry, Capt. John, is reported as
"beyond sea," 222.
Barry, John, captures the British
armed vessel Edivard, 333; cap
tures two other British vessels,
334-
Barry, John, 222, 225, 228, 231, 333,
334, 369.
Batt, Thomas, expelled from the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, " for taking an ac
tive part against the liberty of
America," 219.
Battle of Bemis' Heights, 341.
Battle of Brandywine, 342, 357, 369,
380, 400, 420, 428, 429.
Battle of Buena Vista, 444.
Battle of Bunker Hill, 30, 348, 426.
Battle of Chippewa, 339, 424, 445.
Battle of Clontarf, 338.
Battle of Eutaw Springs, 362, 369,
436.
Battle of Fontenoy, 8.
Battle of Germantown, 342, 357.
369, 380, 384, 395, 400, 420, 428,
429, 436.

Battle of Harlem Plains, 400.
Battle of Hobkirk's Hill, 30.
Battle of Hoosick, 426.
Battle of Lake Champlain, 387.
Battle of Lake Erie, 414, 439.
Battle of Landen, 423.
Battle of Lexington, 380.
Battle of Long Island, 217, 371,
395, 428, 429. 436.
Battle of Lundy's Lane, 389, 424.
Battle of Monmouth, 30, 342, 369,
376, 380, 400, 420, 427, 436.
Battle of New Orleans, 376, 199.
Battle of North Point, 247.
Battle of Palo Alto, 444.
Battle of Point Pleasant, 383.
Battle of Princeton, 216, 342, 357,
370, 371, 436, 438.
Battle of Resaca de la Palma, 444.
Battle of Rhode Island, 429.
Battle of Sharpsburg, 251,
Battle of Springfield, Mo., 251.
Battle of Stillwater, 341.
Battle of the Boyne, 10, 423.
Battle of the Cowpens, 436.
Battle of Trenton, 342, 357, 369, 370,
419, 426, 429, 436, 438.
Battle of Vinegar Hill, 10.
Battle of White Plains, 370, 371,
395, 400.
Bayley, William, oration by, 201.
Belfast, Ireland, 166, 167, 170. 171,
188, 189, 365, 380, 388, 401, 402.
Belfast and Dublin Harp Societies,
166, 167.
Belfast Irishman, The, 188, 189.
Belknap, Rev. Dr. Jeremy, 37, 38,
334
Bemis' Heights, Battle of, 341.
Berkeley, George, 9, 441.
" Beneath the hospitable roof of
Major Coburn," 214,
" Between the Santee and the Pee
dee," 390.
" Beyond sea," Capt. John Barry is
so reported, 222.
Bigelow, Hon. John P., Secretary
of State (Massachusetts), a guest
in 1837 of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society, 267, 270.
Biographical Reference, 329.
" Bishop of Cloyne, in Cork," 441.
Blaine, Col. Ephriam, 220, 222, 335.
Blaine, James G., 335.
Blakeley, Johnston, captures a
British vessel in an action last
ing nineteen minutes, 442.
Blockade of Baltimore, 247.
Blockade of the James and York
rivers, 367.

A GENERAL INDEX

453

Board of War, Pennsylvania, 332.
Bolton and SigeWs, New York City,
27, 28.
Bonaparte, Jerome, 242.
Bonhomme Richard, The, 216, 378,
399-
Boston, Cathedral of the Holy
Cross, 39, 40.
Boston, Mass., Celebrations in,
261.
Boston Evacuated by British
Troops on St. Patrick's Day,
270.
Boston, Ground broken for a Cath
olic Church there on March 17,
1800, 36.
Boston, Hitchcock's regiment at
the siege of, 331.
Boston Massacre, The, 38.
Boston Selectmen's records, 16.
Boston, Siege of, 380, 405, 429, 430.
Boston, St. Patrick's Day there in
1837, 267.
Boston "Tea Party" Recalled, 6,
7-
Boston, The British evacuate the
place in 1776 on St. Patrick's
Day, 19.
Boston, The Federal Street Church,
334-
Boston, The Merrimac House, 214.
Boston, The Recorder, 408.
Boston, The Sons of Erin of, 214.
Boston, The Charitable Irish So
ciety, the twenty-six original
members of, 16, 17.
Boston, Tribute there in 1768 to St.
Patrick, 15.
Boston, Young Friends of Ire
land of, 214.
Boudinot, Hon. Elias, a guest of
the Philadelphia Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, 222.
" Bouerie Farm," New York, be
longing to the Stuyvesants, 428.
Bounty Allowed to New Settlers
in the South, 7.
Bowery, a banquet in the, 12.
" Bowery House"; Residence of
Nicholas Stuyvesant, in New
York, vras so called, 428.
Bowery Lane, Gen. Knox marches
his troops in from Harlem as far
as, 35-
Bowery Long Room, 202.
Bowery Theatre, New York, a ball
given in, 65.
Bowery Theatre Hotel, 202.
Bowery, The (New York), 12, 31,
35, 65, 202, 428.

Bowling Green, New York City,
19-
Boyd, James, Boston (Address to
President Andrew Jackson), 36,
40, 41, 42, 43.
Boyne, Battle of the, 10, 423.
Braddock's Defeat, 366.
Braddock's Expedition, 18.
Bradford's Coffee House, New
York, 337.
Brandywine, Battle of, 342, 357, 380,
400, 420, 428, 429.
Brant, the Mohawk Chief, 19.
" Brave Sons of Hibernia," igo.
" Breakfast and Ball at Mr. Hicks,"
33-
British Army, Rearguard of, at
Princeton, 216.
British Army, The, under Gen. Sir
William Howe, 219.
Brian Boru, one of the most re
markable rulers in history, 338;
King of Munster and monarch
of Ireland, 338; defeats the
Danes at the battle of Clontarf,
338.
British are defeated at Plattsburg,
388.
British are defeated on Lake
Champlain, 387.
British are defeated on Lake Erie,
414
British armed vessel Ediaard cap
tured by John Barry, 333.
British armed vessel Highflyer, 421.
British blockading squadron off
Sandy Hook, 421.
British cannon spiked in England
'by John Paul Jones, 378.
British Coffee House, Boston, 19.
British Evacuate Boston on St.
Patrick's Day, 1776, 19.
British Evacuate New York, 34, 35.
British Evacuate Philadelphia, 220.
British Flag Hauled Down at
Fort George, 35.
British Forces in North America,
The, 35.
British Government confiscates
Lord Edward Fitzgerald's prop
erty, 363.
British Government executes Rob
ert Emmet, 360.
British 44-gun ship Serapis, 216, 378.
" British Government's proposi
tion to take 4,000 of its troops
out of Ireland and send them to
fight the Americans," 368.
British India, The Irish Soldier in,

454

A GENERAL INDEX

British Isles, Catholic Emancipa
tion in the, I3-
British King, Statue to, set up in
New York City, 19.
British Parliament, The, 19, 368,
407, 415-
British persecution, seven centuries
of, 184.
British power prostrated in South
Carolina, 369.
British service, Men in the, observe
St. Patrick's Day (1778), in Phil
adelphia, 20.
British ship Little Belt, The, 421.
British ship Peacock captured by
Capt. Lawrence, 381.
British ship Shannon, 381.
British spy. Major Andre the, 369.
British tyranny in Ireland, 422.
British tyranny, Unburied bones of
the victims of, 127, 128.
Bronze tablet at Charleston, S. C,
to Prof. James C. Courtenay,
252.
Brooks, Horace, " an enterprising
and worthy son of New Eng
land," a partner of Dudley Persse
(New York), 415.
Brooks, Miss, " the elegant trans
lator of ancient Irish poetry,"
167, 170, 339.
" Brunswickers of England and
Ireland," The, 63.
Bryan, George, vice-president of
Pennsylvania, 231.
Bryden's Tavern, Baltimore, 241.
Bryson, David, a tanner and cur
rier of New York's " Swamp "
district (Sketch oQ, 340.
Bryson, Dr., " of Belfast," 171.
Bullock, Edward Courtenay, colo
nel of the Eighteenth Alabama
Infantry, 251.
Buchanan, James (Sketch of), 442.
Buena Vista, Battle of, 444.
Bunker Hill, Battle of, 30, 348, 426.
Burgoyne, Gen., 35, 348, 384, 426,
438.
Burgoyne, Surrender of, 384.
Burgoyne's retreat cut off by Gen.
John Stark, 426.
Burke, Edmund, 7, 56, 67, 70, 341.
Burke, Edmund, a student of
. O'Halloran of Castletown, 7.
Burke, Edmund, is appointed agent
for the colony of New York, 341.
Burke, Judge, of South Carolina,
249.
Butler, Richard, is reported " at
camp," 222.

Byrne's Fly-Market Hotel, New
York, 174, 179-
Byrne, Thomas, a teacher of Oliver
Goldsmith, 7.
" By the Shannon's beauteous
side," 119.
" Caesar and Alexander," 187.
Caldwell, John, 53, 60, 61, 64, 66,
68, 69, 73, 79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 86,
87, 94. 103, 107, 343, 346, 371-
Calhoun, Hon. J. C, 188, 343.
Calhoun, Patrick, 343.
California, Legislature of, 444.
Camp at Cambridge, The Ameri
can, 19.
Campaign against Havana, 401.
Campaign against the Creek In
dians, 376.
Campaign against the Seminole In
dians, 376.
Campaign of 1776, 217.
Campbell, George, president of
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, presents an address
to Gen. Washington, 221; Wash
ington's repy, 221, 222.
Canada, Arnold's expedition
against, 433.
Canada, Conquest of, 393.
Canada, Operations against, 430.
Canada, Sir Guy Johnson flees to,
19; he returns to New York, 19;
becomes manager of a theatre in
that city, 19; joins Brant, the
Mohawk chief, 19; his estates
confiscated, 19.
Canada, The invasion of, 376.
" Captain of the Quaker Blues,"
364-
Captain of the Ranger, 216.
" Captain Stewart's Irish Brigade,"
427, 437-
Capture of Fort George (Can.),
393-
Capture of the British brigs Avon
and Atalanta, 442.
Capture of York (Toronto), 393.
Capitulation of Yorktown, 362.
Carey, Mathew, 225, 226, 280, 344.
Carleton, Sir Guy, 35.
Cariow College, 357, 361.
Carlow, Ireland, 357, 361.
" Carolan, the last of the Irish
bards," 155, 156, 158, 162, 166,
170, 344, 407-
Carolinas, The, 7.
Carolina sun, "under the bright
blaze of" a, 249.
Carrickfergus, 329, 376.

A GENERAL INDEX

455

Carroll, Charles, of Carrollton, the
last survivor of the signers of the
Declaration of Independence,
79,2X2, 213, 345.
Carroll, John, 236, 345, 347, 407.
Carroll, John, selected by Congress
to deliver the panegyric on
Washington, 345.
Carrollton Hotel, Baltimore, 238.
Cathedral of the Holy Cross, Bos
ton, 39, 40.
" Catholic Address " to George
Washington, 386.
" Catholic Church of the Holy
Cross at Boston in North Amer
ica," 36.
Catholic Committee of Ireland,
254.
Catholic Emancipation, 13, 353,
368, 407, 422.
Catholics of Ireland, The, 172, 245.
" Catholics, Presbyterians, Quak
ers and Episcopalians were united
like a band of brothers," 215.
Catholic Transcript, The (Hartford),
408.
Cavan, Ireland, 356.
Celebration of St. Patrick's Day
at Fort Pitt, 11, 15, 18.
Celebration at Fort William Henry,
II, 15, 17, 18.
Celebration at Salem, Mass., 214.
Celebration at Shamrock Hall (N.
Y.), 194, 195, 196, 197.
Celebrations at the Fountain Inn,
Baltimore, Md., 340.
Celebration at " the Sheriff's Ho
tel," 193, 194.
Celebration at Valley Forge, 12.
Celebration at West Point (in 1781),
23, 331-
Celebrations by the Charitalble
Irish Society, Boston, g, 10, 11,
15, 17, 36, 37, 38, 39. 40, 43, 267,
268, 269, 270.
Celebrations by the Druid's Grand
Lodge (New York), 193.
Celebration by the Friends of Ire
land, 210, 211, 212, 213.
Celebration by the Friendly Sons
of Erin, 198, 199, 200.
Celebration by the " Friendly Sons
of Ireland," 203, 204, 205, 206,
207, 208, 2og.
Celebrations by the Friendly
Brothers of St. Patrick, New
York, 25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34-
Celebrations by the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, New York, 44, 45,
46, 47. 48, 49. 50, 51. 52, 53, 54,

55, 56, 57, S8, 59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64,
6s, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71. 72, 73,
74. 75. 76, 77, 78, 79. 80, 81, 82,
83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92,
93. 94, 95. 96, 97. 98. 99. 100, loi,
102, 190.
Celebrations by the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia, 218,
219, 220, 221, 222, 223, 224.
Celebration by the Hibernian Ben
evolent Society, Fredericksburg,
Va., 264.
Celebration by the Hibernian
Friendly Knot (New York), 192,
193. ^
Celebration by the Hibernian Or
phan Society, Providence, R. 1.,
266.
Celebrations by the Hibernian
Provident Society, New York,
108, 109, no. III, 112, 113, 114,
115, 116, 117, 118, 119, 120, 121,
122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128,
129, 130, 131, 132, 133, 134, 135,
136, 137. 138, 139, 140, 141, 142,
144, 291, 304-
Celebrations by the Hibernian So
ciety, of Baltimore, 240, 241, 242,
243, 244, 24s, 246, 247.
Celebrations by the Hibernian So
ciety, of Charleston, S. C, 248,
253.
Celebrations by the Hibernian So
ciety, of Philadelphia, 225, 226,
227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233,
234
Celebrations by the Hibernian So
ciety, of Savannah, Ga., 256, 260.
Celebration by the Irish Volun
teers, of Charleston, S. C, 254.
Celebration by Keating's Irish
Grenadiers, Baltimore, 236, 239.
Celebrations by the Juvenile Sons
of Erin, New York, 152, 153,
IS4 155. 156, 157 158, 159, i6o.
161, 162, 163, 164, i6s, 166, 167,
168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 291,
292, 293, 332, 339.
Celebration by Lord Rawdon's
Volunteers, of Ireland, 30, 31.
Celebration by the Mo'ntgomery
Hibernia Greens, Philadelphia,
233-
Celebrations by the New York Hi
bernian Volunteers, 190, 191, 192.
Celebrations by the Shamrock
Friendly Association, New York,
174. 175, 176, 177. 178, 179. 180,
181, 182, 183, 184, l8s, 186, 187,
188, 189.

456

A GENERAL INDEX

Celebration by the Sons of Erin,
Albany, N. Y., 262, 264, 265.
Celebration by the Sons of Erin,
Boston, 214.
Celebration by the Sons of Erin,
Washington, D. C, 263, 264, 265.
Celebration by Stewart's Irish Bri
gade, Baltimore, 236, 239, 427,
437-
Celebration by the St. Patrick's
Benevolent Society, Charleston,
S. C, 254.
Celebration by St. Patrick's Ben
evolent Society, Philadelphia,
234. ass-
Celebration by St. Patrick's Ben
evolent Society, Providence, R.
I., 26s.
Celebration by St. Patrick's So
ciety, of Albany, N. Y., 261, 262,
265, 304.
Celebration by Weaver's Artillery,
Baltimore, 236, 239.
Celebration by the Young Friends
of Ireland, Boston, 214.
Celebrations in Albany, N. Y., 261,
262, 265.
Celebration in Baltimore in 1795,
236.
Celebrations in Baltimore in 1797,
238.
Celebration in Baltimore in 1798,
239-
Celebration in 1803, in Baltimore,
2,'50.
Celebrations in Boston, Mass., 261.
Celebration in Charleston, S. C.,
by the St. Patrick's Club, or
Friendly Brothers of St. Pat
rick, 248.
Celebration in 1757 at Fort Wil
liam Henry, 11.
Celebration in 1763 at Fort Pitt, 11,
15, 18.
Celebration in 1778 at Valley
Forge, 12.
Celebration in 1781 at West Point,
23. 331-
Celebrations in Fredericksburg, Va.,
261, 264.
Celebration in 1795, in Baltimore,
Md, 336.
Celebration in New York City
(1762), 25.
Celebration in Philadelphia "by
men in the British service," 20.'
Celebrations in Providence, R. I.,
261, 265.
Celebrations in Washington, D. C,
261, 262, 263, 264. ¦

Celestine, Pope, empowers St.
Patrick to proceed to the Irish
people, 412.
Celtic and British blood, the ming
ling of, II.
Celtic Language, Essay on the, 434.
Celtic Tide, The Westward Float
ing, 5- . , ^
Censors, The Council of, 436.
Centennial of the Charitable Irish
Society, Boston, 17, 267, 268, 269,
270.
Chambers, John, a, member of the
Corporation of Dublin, 346; a
pall-bearer in New York at the
funeral of Thomas Addis Em
met, 346.
Champlain, French forts on Lake,
400.
Chancellor Jones, 361.
Chancellor Kent, 346.
Chancellor Livingston, 331.
Chancery, Two suits in (New
York), 385.
Charitable Irish Society, Boston,
Mass.; Some members of, pre
vious to the year 1800, 16, 17, 273,
274, 275, 276, 277.
Charitable Irish Society, The
twenty-six original members of,
16, 17.
Charitable Irish Society addressed
by Governor Edward Everett, of
Massachusetts, 267, 268, 269.
Charitable Irish Society, Celebra
tions by the, 9, 10, 11, 13, 15, 16,
17. 36, 37. 38, 39, 40, 41. 42, 43.
267.
Charitable Irish Society 267; Cen
tennial of the society, 267, 268,
269, 270; oration by ¦ President
Boyd, 267, 271, 272, 273.
Charitable Irish Society, D. W.
O'Brien serves as toastmaster at
the Centennial Anniversary, 268.
Charitable Irish Society, invites
the Earl of Gosford, in 1838, to
be its guest, 273.
Charitable Irish Society, Two orig-
nal odes written for, 294, 295,
296, 297.
Charitable Irish Society visits An
drew Jackson, president of the
United States, 36, 40, 41, 42. An
address delivered, to which Pres
ident Jackson replies, 36, 40, 41,
^42, 43-
Charlemont, Earl of, 346.
Charleston, S. C, a celebration
there in 1771, 248.

A GENERAL INDEX

457

Charleston, S. C, an oration by
Henry L. Pinckney, Jr., of, 254.
Charleston, S. C, Cornelius
O'DriscoU of, 253.
Charleston, S. C, Daniel M.
O'DriscoU of, 252.
Charleston, S. C, bronze tablet
to Prof. James C. Courtenay in,
252.
Charleston, S. C, Early history of
the Hibernian Society of, 249,
250.
Charleston, S. C, Grace church,
252.
Charleston, S. C, Irish arrivals at,
7-
Charleston Philosophical Literary
Association, 361.
Charleston, S. C, Siege of, 390.
Charleston, S. C, St. Finbar's Ca
thedral, 254.
Charleston, S. C, St. Patrick's
Benevolent Society of, 253, 254.
Charleston, S. C, St Patrick's
Day in, 248.
Charleston, S. C, The Courtenay
family monument, 250, 251.
Charleston, S. C, The Hibernian
Society of, 248, 249, 250, 252.
Charleston, S. C, The Irish Vol
unteers of, 254.
Chatham, Earl of, 415.
Chatham, John Mitchell, lieutenant
on the, 400.
Chatham Theatre (N. Y.), 201.
" Cheetham and the Federalists,"
305-
Chesapeake, The U. S. S., 381.
Cheverus, John Louis de, 38, 39,
270, 342. 347-
Chronicle Express, The, 299.
Chippewa, Battle of, 339, 424. 445-
Cincinnati, Society of the, 218, 333,
349, 355, 370. 380.
Citizen Cuthbert, 115.
Citizen James McKeon, 325.
Citizen Monroe, 114.
" City Hotel, South Second street,"
Philadelphia, 231.
City Hotel, New York, 80, 81, 85,
86, 87, 93, 102.
City of Philadelphia taken by the
British, 219.
City Tavern, The, New York (The
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick dine
there, on their anniversary, for
many years), 47, 35i, 352.
City Tavern, Philadelphia, 218.
City Treasurer of Philadelphia, 217.

Civil and Religious Liberty, As
sociation for, 55, 63.
Civil War, The, 256, 338.
Clare, Ireland, 373.
" Claudius Florent Bouchard de
la Poterie, doctor of divinity,
Prothonotary of the Holy
Church and of the Holy See of
Rome, Apostolic Vice-Prefect
and Missionary, curate of the
Catholic Church of the Holy
Cross at Boston in North Amer
ica," 36.
Cleland, Moses, president of the
Hibernian Society of Savannah,
Ga., 259.
" Clerk of the cheque " at fort
and castle, William Penn serves
as, 414.
" Clerk to the house of Stewart &
Co.," 311.
Clinton, Charles, a native of Coun
ty Longford, Ireland, 348, 443,
444-
Clinton, De Witt, a member of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, for " nearly forty
years," 348.
Clinton, De Witt, Irish naturalized
citizens present an address to,
298, 304, 305-
Clinton, George, governor of the
State of New York; vice-presi
dent of the United States, 348.
Clinton, Gov., entertains the oflS
cers of the American army at
dinner in New York City, upon
the evacuation of the place by
the British, 35.
Clinton, James, went with Mont
gomery to Quebec; became a
brigadier-general, 348.
Qinton, Sir Henry, 30, 31, 348.
" Col. Doyle's quarters. No. 10,
Wall Street," 31-
" Qontarf and Ossory," 70.
Clontarf, Battle of, 338.
Qoyne, Diocese of, 9, 441.
" Col. John Nixon's battalion,"
363-
Coleman, James S., New York
City, 23, 349.
Colles, Christopher, an Irish en
gineer who became instructor in
gunnery in the American army,
349-
College of New Jersey, 389.
College of William and Mary, 377,
400.
Colombia, The republic of, 199.

458

A GENERAL INDEX

Colonial Congress at Albany, 364.
Colony of New York, The, 341.
Columbia and Hibernia, The fair
of, 109.
Columbia College, New York, 330,
347. 354. 360, 39'2, 398, 428, 432,
434.
Columbia, The Tars of, 247.
Columbian Inn, Baltimore, 239.
Columbian, The N. Y., 50, 164, 168,
174, 175, 178, 179, 183, 194, 285,
287, 288, 291, 301, 304, 305, 306,
326.
Columbus (Christopher), 180, 187.
Commerce of the United States,
230.
Commercial Advertiser (N. Y.), 73,
74, 8s, IOI, 201, 304.
Commercial Coffee House (N. Y.),
198, 200.
" Committee of Correspondence,
Safety and Inspection," 36.
Committee of Safety, Pennsylvania,
406.
" Common Sense," of New York,
issues a " Warning " to Irishmen
(in 1810), 305.
Commonwealth of Pennsylvania,
226, 230.
Communication signed: "A Pad
dy and No More," 49.
Complete circuit of Ireland made
by Commodore Rodgers, U. S.
N., in the President, 421.
Complimentary address to Andrew
Jackson by the ¦ Shamrock
Friendly Association, of New
York, 308.
" Concert Hall, Broadway," New
York, 210, 351.
Conference at Dobb's Ferry, 35.
Congress of 1775, The, 263.
Congress (1776), 341.
Congress (i777). 336.
Congress (1781), 349.
Congress, The privateer, 433.
Congress, The Stamp-Act, 340, 423.
Connaug^ht, Ireland, 340.
Connecticut, Early Irish settlers in,
408.
Connecticut, Irish pioneers of, 408.
Connecticut Militia, The, 375.
Connolly, Bishop, of New York,
382, 417.
Connolly's Hotel, corner of Nas
sau and George streets," New
York, 140.
Conquest of Canada, 393.
Corps of New York Rangers, The,
192.

Constable & Co., of New York
City, 350.
Constable, James, 98, 103, 350.
Constable, Rucker & Co., of New
York City, 3S0.
Constable, William, 45, 93, 94, 102,
221, 350, 388, 394
Constable, William, engages in
huge land speculations, 350.
Constellation, The frigate, 433.
Constitutional Convention, New
York State, 339.
Constitution of Tennessee, 376.
Constitution, The American frigate,
418.
Constitution of the Hibernian
Provident Society, New York,
145, 146. 147. 148, 149, ISO, ISI-
Constitution of the State of New
York, 146.
Constitution of the United States,
146, 266.
Constitution, The Federal, in, 113,
231.
Continental Army, The American,
366, 368, 383, 393-
Continental Army, Hospitals of
the, 220, 221.
Oontinental Congress, The Amer
ican, 329, 333, 342, 345, 348, 3SS,
363. 366, 376, 377, 396, 39g, 423,
427, 429. 445-
Continental Line, Second Rhode
Island regiment in the, 23.
Continental Navy board, 406.
Conway, Eleanor, becomes mother
of a President of the United
States, 444.
Conway, Port, Va., 444.
Copenhagen, Bombardment of, 49.
" Copenhagen " Jackson, 49, 50,
131-
Cork, Diocese of, 417.
Cork, Ireland, 154, 353, 360, 361,
379, 384. 403. 405, 407. 414. 417,
422, 424, 441.
Cork, Smith's History of, 154.
Cornwallis' testimony to Gen.
Francis Marion's influence, 390,
Cornwallis, The surrender of, 348,
432-
Coronation of an Irish poet, 247.
Corporation of Dublin, 79, 346.
Council of Censors, The, 436.
Countess of Desmond, The, 16.
Court of St. James, 172.
Courtenay, Edward, a founder of
the Hibernian Society, of Charles
ton, S. C, 249, 250, 251, 352.

A GENERAL INDEX

459

Courtenay family monument in
Magnolia cemetery, Charleston,
S. C, 250, 251.
Courtenay, Hon. William A., of
Newry, S. C, 249, 250, 253, 352.
Courtenay, John, 249, 250, 352.
Cowpens, Battle of the, 436.
" Cream of the cream of the old
families here" (in New York)
387.
Greek Indians, Campaign against,
, 376-
' Croghan could not write by this
express," 11, 18.
Croghan, George, an Irishman
and famous Indian agent, 11, 18,
353-
Cromwell in Ireland, The drastic
days of, 10.
" Crossed the Delaware with Gen.
Washington," 216.
" Crossing of the Delaware," 216,
419-
Cruiser Lexington, The, 333.
Cruise of the U. S. S. Wasp, 442.
Cumming, John, first president of
the Hibernian Society of Savan
nah, Ga., 256.
Curran, John Philpot, sketch of,
353-
Curran, Sarah, 360.
Curran, The genius of, 13.
Curious and interesting odds and
ends, 298.
Cuthbert, Qtizen, 115.
Daly, Hon. Charles P., receives
the degree of LL.D. from Co
lumbia College, 354.
Danes expelled from Ireland, 167.
Dark days of Elizabeth, 10.
Dartmouth College, 405.
Davis, Jefferson, 408.
Dealling, William; " Hair Dresser
in Maiden Lane " ; he advertises
to recover a barber's pole, stolen
from his premises, 303.
Dearborn, Gen., 438.
Death of Daniel McCormick,
founder of the Friendly Sons of
St. Patrick, New York, 92, 93.
Debtors' Jail, New York, Com
munication from the, 90, 91.
Decatur, Stephen, maternally of
Irish extraction, 354; captures
the British frigate Macedonian,
354
" Deceptive practices to amuse,
and not intended to convey ben
efit to the people," 206.

" Decided to teach the desecrators
a lesson," 20.
Declaration of Independence, The,
8, 165, 183, 184, 204, 217, 249,
329, 345. 348, 364. 366, 368, 374,
377. 396, 406, 423. 438.
Declaration of Irish rights, 368.
Defence of Fort Sullivan, 390.
De Kalb, Baron, commissioned a
major-general by Congress, 378.
De Lancey, Stephen, 435.
Delany, Sharp, of Philadelphia, a
commissioner " to seize the per
sonal effects of traitors," 355.
Delaware Indians, The, 431.
Delaware, The crossing of the, 419.
Delaware, The State of, 233.
" Departed worthies of America,"
The, 109.
Derry, Ireland, 366.
Desmond, The Countess of, 16.
Devereux, N., " president of the
Utica Hibernian Society," 56.
Devlin, John, presides at an ob
servance in Providence, R. I.,
. 265, 266.
Dillon, Count Arthur, of the Regi
ment of Dillon, 222, 355.
Dillon, Lieut. Col. Barthelemy, of
the Regiment of Dillon, 355.
Dinner at Protestant Hall, at Mr,
Samuel Waldron's, on Long Is
land, 28.
Diocese of Cloyne in Ireland, 9.
Diocese of Cork, 417.
Diocese of Hartford, Conn., His
tory of the, 408.
Discourse in 1843 at St. Patrick's
Church, Providence, R. I., by
"the Rev. Mr. Fitzpatrick, of
Boston," 266.
Dobb's Ferry, Conference at, 35.
Domestic oppression, the most
Powerful Cause for Emigration
from Ireland, 7.
Donahoe, Patrick, of the Boston
Pilot, Sketch of, 356.
Donation from estate of John
Keble, 229.
Donegal, Ireland, 332, 427.
Dongan, Thomas, governor of the
province of New York, 25, 356,
357-
Donnaldson, John, auditor-general
of Pennsylvania, 231, 357.
Doran, James, Jr., " proprietor of
the old established Bank Coffee
House," 61, 74, 210, 213.
Down, Ireland, 412.

46o

A GENERAL INDEX

" Down the Atlantic coast as far
as Georgia," g.
Doyle, Bishop, of Kildare, 67.
Doyle, Dennis H., a director of
the Franklin Bank, New York,
3S8- . ^ ,
Doyle, Lieut. Col., 31.
Drastic days of Cromwell in Ire
land, 10.
Drogheda, Ireland, 359.
Druid's Grand Lodge, New York,
14, 190, 193-
Druid's Head Tavern, New York,
193-
Duane, James, mayor of New
York, 445-
Dublin Castle, Emmet's attempt
to seize, 360.
Dublin, Ireland, 39, 79, 166, 167,
341, 344, 346. 350. 359. 360, 362,
363, 38s. 401. 407, 410, 411, 412,
416, 417, 422, 424, 425, 429, 434-
Dublin, St. Patrick's Cathedral,
429.
Dublin, Theatre Royal, 410.
Dublin, The corporation of, 79.
Duke of Orleans is financially as
sisted by William Constable of
New York, 351.
Dungannon, Ireland, 357.
Dungeons of Lincoln and New
gate, 172.
Dunlap, John, an Irishman, at one
time owned 98,000 acres in the
South, 358.
Du Pont, Charles I., appointed by
the State of Delaware to super
intend the removal of the re
mains of Haslett, 233.
" Durock G. A. V. A. T. B.," 193.
Dutch governors of New York,
One of the, 428.
Earliest known celebration of St.
Patrick's Day on American soil,
5-
Earliest members of the Boston
Charitable Irish Society, 16, 17,
273, 274, 275, 276, 274.
Early Members of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, New York,
102, 103, 104, 105.
Earl of, Charlemont, 346.
Earl of Chatham, 415.
Earl of Fingal, 245.
Earl of Gosford, "a distinguished
Irishman," visits Boston, 273.
Earl of Limerick, 357.
Earl of Lucan, 423.
Earl of Mountcashel, 67.
Earl of Moira, 30.

Early history of the Hibernian So
ciety, of Charleston, S. C, 249,
250.
Ebullient, uncrushable souls, to.
Edivard, the British armed vessel,
333.
Edward the Third, iS4-
EfUngham, The frigate, 333, 334.
Eighteenth Royal Irish Regiment
of Foot, 370.
Eliot, Mayor Samuel A., Boston,
a guest of the Charitable Irish
Society, 267, 268, 273.
Elizabeth, The dark days of, 10.
" Emmet, M'Neven, Sampson,
Trenor and Jackson," 160.
Emmet, Robert, 86, 87, 104, 153,
155, 167. 169, 171. 172. 181, 184,
187, 196, 203, 208, 23s, 237, 253,
263, 354, 360, 361, 422, 425.
Emmet, Robert (New York), 371.
Emmet's attempt to seize Dublin
Castle, 360.
Emmet, The Epitaph of, 153, 165,
162.
Emmet, Thomas Addis, 12, 45, 58,
66, 84, 103, 160, 177, 196, 212, 262,
30s. 336, 346. 360, 361, 388, 421,
437-
Emmet, Thomas Addis (M.D.),
361.
Emmet, Thomas Addis, Monu
ment to, in St. Paul's church
yard. New York, 361.
England, Greed of the merchants
and manufacturers of, 6.
England, Rt. Rev. John, 256, 260,
361.
England's American Colonies, An
ti-Catholic laws in, 9.
England's wars with France and
Spain, II.
English Colonies, The, 6, 7, 9.
" English, French & Spanish Con
suls," 39.
English government, " Severe
stricture upon the policy of the,"
205.
" English Jesuits at St. Omer,"
The, 415-
English rule. Extinguishment of,
9-
Emigrant Industrial Savings Bank,
44-
Emigration from Ireland contin
uous, 7.
English of^cials, "Rapacity and
cruelty of," 422.
Enterprise, The U. S. S., 442.
Erie Canal, The, 348, 44(5.

A GENERAL INDEX

461

Erin Ball, An, 209, 210.
Erin Benevolent Society, Philadel
phia, Pa., 14.
Erin Fraternal Association, Brook
lyn, N. Y., 14.
Erin, Juvenile Sons of. New York,
152. 153, 154. I5S, 156, 157. 158,
159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 164, 165,
166, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172, 173,
291, 292, 293, 332, 339.
Erin Society of Philadelphia, The,
232.
" Erin's Patriotic Child," Miss Bal
four, 332.
Erin, The Daughters of, 322.
Erin, The Patriotic Sons of, 321.
Erin, The emigrant sons of, 264.
Erin, The sons of, 246.
Erin, " The warm-hearted sons
of," 201.
Essay on the bagpipe, 154.
Essay on ihe Celtic Langtiage, 434.
Essex Register, The (Mass.), 411.
Eutaw Springs, Battle of, 362, 369,
436.
Evacuation of New York, 34, 35.
Evening lournal (N. Y.), 203.
Evening Post (N. Y.), 186, 200, 201,
202, 203, 210, 298, 304, 306.
Everett, Governor Edward, of
Massachusetts, 267, 268, 269, 362.
Exchange Coffee House, Boston,
38, 39, 40.
" Exchange Tavern of Mr. Pat
rick O'Reilly," Baltimore, 247.
" Exiles of France in America,"
195-
Extinguishment of English Rule,
9-
Expedition against Louisburg, 435.
Fairbanks, Hon. Stephen, a guest
in 1837 of the Boston Charitable
Iris'h Society, 267, 269.
" Father' of fine arts in New Eng
land," The, 16.
Federal Street Church, Boston, 37,
334
Federal Constitution, The, in, 113,
231.
Federal Gazette, The, 225, 240, 242.
Federal Intelligencer, The, 238.
Federalists, New York Irishmen
warned in 1810 against the, 305.
Fenian Cycle, The, 410.
Fenwick, Bishop, 40, 43, 362, 363.
¦ Fermanagh, Ireland, 407.
Fifteen hundred Irish residents of
New York City volunteer in the
War of 1812-15, for work on the
defences, 321, 322, 323.

Fifth Pennsylvania regiment, 341.
Fillmore, President, 379.
" Financier of the Revolution,"
Robert Morris the, 402.
Fingal, Earl of, 245.
Finisterre, The French defeated
off Cape, 435.
Fink, John, of New York, issues
a novel invitation 303.
First battalion of the Twenty-
seventh regiment, Baltimore, 236.
" First Citizen," Letters written by,
345-
First City Troop, of Philadelphia,
217, 337, 343, 344, 353. 357. 358,
365. 418-
" First Irish-American ball in the
United States," The, 249.
First New York regiment, 395.
Fitzgerald, Lord Edward, sketch
of, 362, 363.
Fitzpatrick, Edward, of the Louis
ville Times, 254.
FitzSimons, Thomas, 363.
" Flight of the Wild Geese," 8.
Flood and Grattan, Parliament of,
12.
Florida, " The Newly Acquired
Territory of," 180.
Florida War, The, 254, 444.
Flying Camp, Mercer's, 431.
Fly Market, New York, 174,' 179,
193, 198.
Fontenoy, The battle of, 8.
Foreword, 5.
" Fort George and the other bas
tiles of Great Britain and Ire
land," III, 113.
Fort George, Scotland, 346, 422.
Fort Pitt, Celebration at, 11, 15, 18.
Fort Stanwix, Part of, said to
have been levelled to make room
for a mansion for Dominick
Lynch, 386.
Fort Sullivan, Defence of, 390.
Fort William Henry, Celebration
at, II, IS, 17, 18.
" For the relief of indigent natives
of Ireland," 105.
" Forty-fourth regiment of Foot "
(in 1758), 364-
Fountain Inn, Baltimore, 238.
Fourth of July observances by
Irish societies in New York, 321,
323, 324, 325, 326, 327.
Fourth Pennsylvania Light Dra
goons, 216, 403.
Fox Hunting Qub, The Glouces
ter, 364.

462

A GENERAL INDEX

France and Spain, England's wars
with, II. ^ . , , ,.
France and Spain, Irish soldiers in
the armies of, 10.
France, Exiles of, in Amenca, 195.
France, Irish brigade saves the
fortunes of, 8.
France loans $6,000,000 to the
United States, 411.
France, The Republican youth of,
112.
France, The Republic of, 227.
Franklin, Benjamin, 172, 195, 243,
247, 344, 345, 364, 377. 437- ,,
France, Sarsfield and other gallant
oflficers enter the service of, 423.
Franklin Hall, Boston, celebration
at, 214.
Fraunce's Tavern, Washington lo
cates at, 35.
Fredericksburg, Va., Celebrations
in, 261, 264.
Fredericksburg, Va., The Hiber
nian Benevolent Society of, 264.
Frederick the Great, of Prussia,
426.
" Freedom of the Seas," The, 244.
Freeman's lournal. The, 344.
" Free navigation of the Mississip
pi," 113-
French Academy, The, 400.
French allies of the Americans, 421.
French and Indian War, The, 17,
349, 430.
French army and navy, 172.
French Directory, Irish Negotia
tions with the, 432.
French expedition for the invasion
of Ireland, 432.
French force sent to aid the Amer
icans, 421.
French forts on Lake Champlain,
400.
French invasion of Ireland, Pro
posed, 363.
French man-of-war La Vengeance,
The, 433-
French man-of-war L'Insurgente,
The, 433-
French republic. The, 191.
French Revolution, "The, 363, 368.
391-
French stronghold of Ticonderoga,
17, 18.
French war of 1755-60, 11.
Friends of Ireland and of Civil
and Religious Liberty, 205.
Friends of Ireland, 210, 211, 212,
213.

Friendly Brothers of St. Patrick,
New York, Celebrations by the,
25, 27, 28, 29, 33, 34-
Friendly Sons of Erin, Celebration
by, 198. 199, 200.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, instituted on March 17,
1784, 44.
" Friendly Sons of Ireland," 200,
202, 203, 204, 206, 207.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, a copy of the Act of In
corporation, 105, 106, 107.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, a list of early members,
102, 103, 104, 105.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, councilors of the Society
in certain years, 97, 98.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, One Hundred and Twelfth
Anniversary Dinner, 44.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, Presidents, Treasurers,
and Secretaries of, from 1784 to
184s, inclusive, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, Some brief notices issued
to the members of, 98, 99, 100,
IOI, 102.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, New
York, Some Celebrations by the,
44, 45, 46. 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52,
53, 54 55. S6, 57. S8, 59, 60, 61, 62,
63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72,
73, 74, 75. 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81,
82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91,
92, 93. 94. 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100,
IOI, 102, 190.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phil
adelphia, Celebrations by, 215,
216, 217, 218, 219, 220, 221, 222,
223, 224.
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, Phila
delphia, adopt Gen. Washing
ton as a member, 221, 222, 224. •
Frigate Alliance, The, 333.
Frigate Constellation, The, 433.
Frigate Constitution, The, 418.
Frigate Effingham, The, 333, 334.
Frigate George Washington, 419.
Frigate Macedonian, The British,
354-
Frigate Raleigh, The, 333.
Frigate United States, The, 334.
" From the Giant's Causeway to
Cape Clear, and from the Hill
of Howth to Connemara," 270.
" From the Isthmus bf Darien to
Cape Horn," 199.

A GENERAL INDEX

463

" From the shackles of British
domination," in.
Frontenac, Siege and capture of
Fort, 444.
Gael, Mental Resiliency of the, 10.
Gael, The, " He cannot remain
crushed while life is in him," 10.
Gael, The, New York City, 236.
Gaine, Hugh, for many years treas
urer of the New York Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Sketch of,
365-
Gaston, Chief Justice, 356.
Galway, Ireland, 379, 385, 388.
Gates, Gen. Horatio, Sketch of,
366.
Genial Irish host, A type of the,
247-
Genius of Curran is honored. The,
13-
Georgia, Governor Mitchell of,
259, 399-
Georgia, House of Representatives
of, 258, 259.
Georgia, Legislature of, 256, 257,
258, 436.
Georgia, Senate of, 258, 259, 418.
Georgetown College, 362, 378, 382.
George Washington, The frigate,
419-
Germantown, Battle of, 342, 357,
369, 380, 384, 395, 400, 420, 428,.
429, 436-
Gettysburg Battlefield Associa
tion, 384.
Giant's Causeway, The, 270.
Gibbs, Capt. Daniel, of the Saga
more, brings m.any Irish passen
gers to Boston about 1737, 16,
275-
Glasgow, University of, 360.
Globe Tavern, Philadelphia, 244.
Gloucester Fox Hunting Club,
364, 392, 399.
Glover, John, 103, 329, 367.
Goldsmith, Oliver, attends the
school of Thomas Byrne, 7.
Gosford, Earl of, " a distinguished
Irishman," visits Boston, 273.
Grand Canal, The, 176, 180, 181.
" Grand Hibernian Ball " in New
York (in 1832), 351.
Grand Sachem of the Tammany
Society, 123, 125, 325.
Grant, Daniel, " proprietor of Bal
timore's leading hostelry," 238,
340, 367.
Grant of 100,000 acres to Sir Wil
liam Johnson, 17.

Grattan, Henry, applauds the stand
taken by the American patriots,
368.
" Grattan, Ponsonby, Moira, Sher
idan," 171.
" Great Britain's Beloved Sister,"
33-
Great Britain, The Queen of, 199.
" Great Commoner," William Pitt,
The, 19, 415.
"Great Dock street," New York,
" Great indignation among the
Irish in the camp," 20.
" Great men who have figured in
Irish history," 205.
Greece, Toasts to, 58, 62.
" Greed of the Merchants and
Manufacturers of England," 6.
Green and Orange, The auspicious
union of, 203.
Green Banner, The, 382.
Green Isle, Immigration from the,
236.
Greenleafs Daily Argus, 193.
Greene, Gen. Nathaniel, com
mands the American left wing
at the battle of Trenton, seizes
the British artillery and cuts off
the enemy's retreat to Prince
ton, 369.
Greens, The Republican, New
York, 14, 160, 324, 326, 393.
Greens, The Volunteer, of Phila
delphia, 394.
Grog, An extra issue of, to the
American army at Valley Forge
(1778), 20.
Ground broken for a Catholic
church in Boston, March 17,
1800, 36.
Gunboat flotilla in New York har
bor, 414.
Hagan, John, " an eminent mer
chant of New Orleans, 78, 369.
Haggerty, John, of New York,
" the richest auctioneer in the
city," 105, 369, 37a
Haggerty, Ogden, of Haggerty &
Sons and Haggerty, Draper &
Jones, 105, 370.
Halsey, Hon. Edm.und D., of New
Jersey, 23.
Hamilton, Hon. Alexander, a
guest of the Philadelphia Friend
ly Sons of St. Patrick, 223.
Hand, Gen. Edward, checks Corn
wallis at Flatbush; holds a
bridge against Lord Howe; cuts

464

A GENERAL INDEX

off the retreat of the Hessians at
Trenton and forces them to sur
render, 371.
Harlem, Gen. Knox marches his
men in from, 35.
Harlem Plains, Battle of, 400.
" Harp and Crown Society," 50.
" Harp and Crown Tavern," 227.
Hart, Dr. George, "the first phys
ician who settled in Kentucky,"
254. 371-
Hartford, Conn., History of the
diocese of, 408.
Hartford, Conn., The Catholic
Transcript of, 408.
Hartford Convention, The, 140.
Hartford, Conn., The St. Patrick's
Society of, 266.
Hartigan, Dr., of Trinity College,
Dublin, 416.
Hartigan, Mrs. Betsy, a sister of
Cariisle Pollock (New York),
416.
Hartley's Lift, of General Marion,
32-
Harvard College, 37, 359, 362.
Haslett, patriot of the Revolution,
233. 234; surprises a British
picket, 371.
Heeney, Cornelius, Sketch of, 80,
8s, 86, 125, 372.
Henry, Alexander, the last survi
vor of the gentlemen who organ
ized the Philadelphia Hibernian
Society, 226, 234, 372.
" Henry Jackson, and the exiled
patriots of Ireland," 109.
" Hero of Salamanca," The, 376.
Heroes of '76, The, 129.
Heroes of the American Revolu
tion, 162.
" He whose brows are entwined
with the Shamrock, may forget
his enemies; his friends, never,"
180.
Hessians, Americans surprise the,
216.
Hibernia, " Brave sons of," 190.
Hibernia Fire Company, of Phila
delphia, 332, 337, 343, 351, 353,
364. 372, 392, 399, 400, 418.
Hibernia, Sons of, 190, 192, 230,
239-
Hibernian Academy, The Royal,
59-
Hibernian Benevolent Society,
Baltimore, founded in 1803; 240.
Hibernian Benevolent Society,
Fredericksburg, Va., 14, 264.

" Hibernian Free School," Balti
more, Md., 62, 84, 409.
Hibernian Friendly Knot, The,
New York City, 13, 192, 193.
Hibernian Orphan Society, The,
Providence, R. I., 14, 266.
Hibernian Provident Society, Al
bany, N. Y., 261.
Hibernian Provident Society, New
York, adopts a resolution in de
fence of Cornelius Heeney, 142.
Hibernian Provident Society, New
York, An incident in the career
of, 309, 310, 311, 312, 313, 314, 315,
317, 318, 319, 320.
Hibernian Provident Society, New
York, Celebrations by, 108, 109,
no. III, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116,
117. 118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123,
124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130,
131. 132, 133, 134. 135. 136, 137,
138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 144-
Hibernian Provident of New York.
Constitution of the, 145, 146, 147,
148, 149. ISO, 151-
Hibernian Provident Society, New
York, participates in the parade,
in 1818, on the occasion of the
reinterment of the remains of
Gen. Montgomery, 308, 327.
Hibernian Provident Society, New
York, Result of an election in
the, 1817, 307, 308.
Hibernian Provident Society, oi
New York, The, meets and dines
in 1801, 108.
Hibernian Society, Charleston, S.
C, Celebrations by, 248, 253.
Hibernian Society, Philadelphia,
Andrew Jackson a member of,
42; a copy of his membership
certificate, 42.
Hibernian Society, of Philadelphia,
Celebrations by, 225, 226, 227,
228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233, 234.
Hibernian Society, Philadelphia,
changes its name (in 1897), to
the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
234; Financial standing of, in
various years, 234.
Hibernian Society, Savannah, Ga.,
Anniversary orators, 260.
Hibernian Society, Savannah, Ga.,
Extracts from the constitution
of, 257.
Hibernian Society, The London,
59, 60.
Hibernian Volunteers, The, New
York, 190, 191, 192.

A GENERAL INDEX

46s

" Hibernicus," Account by, of a
celebration in Providence, R. I.,
266.
" Hibernicus '' writes a song in
1786 for St. Patrick's Day, 279.
Highflyer, The British armed ves
sel, 421.
High Mass held in Boston on St.
Patrick's Day, 1789, 36.
Hill of Howth, The, 270.
Hillsboro, N. C, Military Acad
emy, 251.
Hildreth, the American historian.
Testimony of, 6.
" His Honour, the Governour,"
218.
History of the Diocese of Hartford,
266.
History of the Revolution in South
Carolina, 419.
Historical Review of the State of
Ireland, 416.
Hobart, Judge, 190, 373.
Hobkirk's Hill, Battle of, 30, 436.
Hogan, Michael, of New York,
" the perfect Irish host and gen
tleman," 373, 374.
Hone, Philip, " president of the
German Society," New York, 69,
72, 76, 77, 81.
Hoosick, Battle of, 426.
Hornet, The U. S. S., 381.
" Hospitality, an Iris'h characteris
tic," 176.
Hospitals of the Continental army,
220, 221.
Howard Street House, Boston,
Banquet at the, 40.
Howe, Gen., 221, 222, 374.
Howth, The Hill of, 270.
Hubley, Col. Adam, an officer in
the Revolutionary War, 360.
Independent Light Dragoons, of
Baltimore, Md., 236.
Indians, The Delaware, 431.
Indian Wars on the Pennsylvania
Border, 331.
India, The Irish soldier in British,
II.
" In Mr. Niblo's most splendid
style," 52.
"Innisfallen," Hon. William A.
Courtenay's home in Newry, S.
C, 249.
" In opposition to the tyrant Great
Britain," 23.
" Interesting and Curious Old
Manuscript" relating to the
Revolution, 20, 21, 22.
30

" In the Bowery Lane, New York,"
31-
Invasion of Canada, 376.
Invasion of Ireland, Hoche com
mands a French expedition for
the, 432.
" I too, am a lover of St. Patrick's
Day " (words attributed to
Washington), 20.
Ireland, A complete circuit of,
made by Commodore Rodgers,
U. S. N., in the President, 421.
Ireland, All Impulse to Economic
Progress in, destroyed, 6.
Ireland and the Scottish High
lands, 410.
Ireland, Another victim of British
tyranny in, 422.
Ireland, Cromwell in, 10.
Ireland, Domestic oppression the
most powerful cause for emigra
tion from, 7.
Ireland, Emigration from, continu
ous, 7.
Ireland Forbidden to Import Di
rect from the English Colonies,
6.
Ireland: " Great Britain's beloved
sister," 33.
Ireland " leans pensively on some
cliff overhanging the Atlantic's
surge, and sees with fancy's eye,
on the distant horizon, a golden
sunbeam as herald of American
co-operation," 208.
Ireland in 1737, 6.
Ireland : " Peace and prosperity to
her," 229.
Ireland, Proposed French invasion
of, 363-
Ireland, Rights of the people of,
341-
Ireland, Rights of the Roman Cath
olics of, 344.
Ireland's bondage. The long night
of, 189.
Ireland, Scotch and English patri
ots who sympathized with, 118.
Ireland, The arms of, 16.
Ireland, The Catholic Committee
of, 254.
Ireland, The Catholics of, 172, 245,
344-
Ireland, The Diocese of Cloyne,
9-
Ireland, The drastic days of Crom
well in, 10.
Ireland, The Independence of, 23.
Ireland, the Kingdom of, 227.

466

A GENERAL INDEX

Ireland, The legislative indepen
dence of, 368.
Ireland, The Pariiament of, 12, 21,
22.
Ireland, The Peasantry of, 263.
Ireland, The records of, 170.
Ireland, The youth of, 61.
" Ireland was a good land to live
out of," 6.
Irish Academy, The Royal, 346,
359-
Irish Arrivals at Charleston, S. C,
¦ 7-
Irish arrivals at the port of Phila
delphia, 7.
Irish brigade, Capt. Stewart's, of
Baltimore, 427, 437.
Irish brigade saves the fortunes of
France, 8.
Irish capital, A famous belle in the,
416.
Irish Catholics and Protestants,
Protracted emigration of, 8.
Irish charity and hospitality, 45.
Irish Celt, The, has survived long-
continued disaster, without de
generation, 10.
Irish could only export to English
colonies in English vessels, 6.
Ireland, Danes expelled from, 167.
" Irish Day," during war of 1812-
15, for work on fortifications
along Providence river, R. I.,
265.
Irish drama, An, at the Chatham
Theatre (N. Y.), 201.
Irish Druids, The, 193.
Irish element numerous in Provi
dence, R. I. (during war of 1812-
15), 265.
Irish emblem. The shamrock as an,
47-
Irish Emigrant Society, 44.
Irish Emigrants, Protection and
relief for, 225, 226.
Irish engineer, Christopher Colles,
a famous, 349.
Irish Exiles in the French Ser
vice, 18.
Irish extraction, poor children of.
Money voted to buy school-
books for, 37.
"Irish feeling— Irish friendship-
Irish hospitality," 59.
Irish Famine Years, The, 5.
Irish gentlemen, A club of, met at
each others' houses, 250.
Irish gentlemen and peasants.
Outflow of, 7, 8.

"Irish Greens," The, New York,
393-
Irish grenadiers, Keating's, of Bal
timore, 437.
Irish harp. The, 56.
Irish harper. The Last, 155.
" Irish Heroes and Patriots," 155.
Irish Historical Society, of Mary
land, 236.
Irish history, " Great men who
have figured in," 205.
Irish host, A type of the genial,
247.
Irish in Albany, N. Y., The, 261.
Irish in Boston, Mass., organize a
society on St. Patrick's Day,
(1737), 9, 15. 16. 17-
" Irish in the camp. Great indigna
tion among the," 20.
Irish language. The, 434.
Irish linens. Mention of dealers in,
302, 398, 417. John McVickar
& Co., are described as " the
heaviest importers of Irish lin
ens into the New York market,"
398.
Irishmen, A meeting in New York
(1815) of Naturalized, 347.
Irishmen and their descendants
figure conspicuously ih the
struggle for American indepen
dence, 8.
Irishmen, A select meeting of, 225.
Irishmen of New York warned
against the Federalists, 305.
Irishmen, New York, appealed to,
in 1810, to vote the Republican
ticket, 305.
Irishmen, Prominent Baltimore,
in 1805, 242.
Irishmen of Providence, R. I., of
fer their services to the Com
mittee of Safety, during War of
1812-15, for work on the forti
fications, 265; the offer accepted,
26s, 321.
Irishmen, Three, purchase nearly
a tenth part of the entire State
of New York, 351, 388, 394.
Irish Merchant of Salem, Mass.,"
An, 40.
Irish migration to foreign battle
fields, 8.
Irish Nation, The, 16, 50.
Irish Music, Old, 341.
Irish Nation, That hospitality
which characterizes the, 50.
Irish naturalized citizens meet in
New York, 304, 305.

A GENERAL INDEX

467

Irish naturalized citizens present
an address to De Witt Clinton,
298, 304, 305.
Irish nature Uke the Irish climate,
" its smile making up for its
tears," 10.
Irish negotiations with the French
Directory, 432.
Irish officers enter the service of
France, 423.
Irish: Over 5,600 arrive at the
port of Philadelphia in 1729, 7.
" Irish oflficers of the American
Revolutionary Army," 44.
Irish Parliament, The, 12, 21, 22,
171. 353, 359, 362, 368, 417, 432.
Irish patriots confined at Fort
George, Scotland, 346.
Irish patriots oppose sending
troops from Ireland to fight the
Americans 417.
Irish people, St. Patrick empow
ered to proceed to the, 412.
Irish people. The rights of the,
360.
" Irish piper O'Donoghue," The,
202.
Irish pioneers of Connecticut, 408.
Irish poet. Coronation of an, 247.
Irish poety, Ancierit, 167.
Irishmen prominent in Baltimore
fifty years before the Revolution,
236.
Irish Province of Ulster, 345, 446.
Irish Rebellion of 1798, Echoes of
the, 12.
Irish Regiment of Foot, The
Eighteenth Royal, 370.
Irish Regiments, Two, from Mas
sachusetts during the Civil War,
356.
Irish residents of New York City;
Fifteen Hundred volunteer, in
War of 1812-15, for work on
the defences, 321, 322.
Irish Revolt of 1798, 330, 340.
Irish Revolution planned. An,
360.
Irish revolutionists. The chain of,
237-
Irish Rhode Islanders in the Rev
olution, 23.
Irish rights. Declaration of, 368.
Irish Roman Catholics, Penal laws
against, 362.
" Irish or of Irish Extraction and
of Protestant Faith," g.
Irish Sea, The, 378.
Irish settlers. Early, in Connecti
cut, 408.

Irish settlers in Prince Orange
county, Va., 389.
Irish settlers in this country. Early,
384-
Irish settlers in Virginia, 444.
Irish Societies, Fourth of July ob
servances in New York by, 321,
323, 324, 32s, 326, 327-
Irish Society, The (Boston Chari
table organization stated to have
been first so named), 15, 272.
Irish Soldiers at Fort William
Henry, n, 15, 17, 18.
Irish Soldiers Enter the Service
of France, Spain, Austria, 6.
Irish Soldier in British India, The,
II-
Irish Soldiers in the Armies of
France and Spain, 10.
Irish suflficiently numerous in Al
bany, N. Y., in 1796, to incor
porate a church, 261.
Irish, " Three very distinct classes
of." 301, 302.
Irish tongue, Grammar of the, 434.
Irish trade and manufactures prac
tically annihilated, 6.
" Irish troops in Washington's
Army," 33.
Irish Volunteers, The, of Charles
ton, S. C, 254.
Irish Volunteers, The (Ireland),
" in a short time numbered
80,000 men," 368.
" Iron Rule of the Ascendancy,"
6.
Irvine, Gen. Callender, Commis
sary-General of Purchases, U. S.
A., 233, 375.
Irvine, Gen. William, a native of
Enniskillen, Ireland, 375.
Iselins of New York, The, 242.
Iturbide signs a treaty with Don
Juan O'Donoju regarding Mex
ico, 409.
" I will give the inhabitants 10
guineas for the head of any de
serter belonging to the Volun
teers of Ireland; and five guin
eas only if they bring him in
alive." (Lord Rawdon's offer),
32.
Jackson, Andrew, becomes a mem
ber of the Hibernian Society,
Philadelphia, 231.
Jackson, Andrew, defeats the Brit
ish at the battle of New Orleans;
becomes President of the United
States, 376.

i68

A GENERAL INDEX

Jackson, Andrew, receives an ad
dress from the Boston Charita
ble Irish Society, 36, 40. 41, 42,
43-
Jackson, Andrew, receives and re
plies to an address from the
Shamrock Friendly Association
of New York, 308.
Jackson, Francis James, a guest
of the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, New York City, in 1810;
his presence evokes outside crit
icism, 49, 50, 131.
Jackson, Patrick Tracy, 433-
Jacobite Wars, The, 6.
Jamaica, L. I., 30, 33.
James and York rivers. Blockade
of the, 367.
"James Boyd & Sons,'' 42.
James, IL, King, 423.
" James Connolly's tavern, corner
of Nassau and Beekman sts."
(New York), 327.
James Sheridan Knowles sends a
toast to a banquet of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
New York, 87, 89.
Janeway, Alderman, of New York,
315.
Jay, John, 190, 377, 384.
Jay, Pierre, 377.
Jefferson, Hon. Thomas, a guest
of the Philadelphia Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, 223.
Jefferson, Thomas, 79, 114, 115, 117,
119, 123. 127, 129, 132, 136, 139,
141. 152, ISS, 159, 164, 165, 169,
181, 196, 217, 223, 224, 244, 247,
285, 377, 383, 389, 393, 432,
Jersey Prison ship, The, 158, 418.
Johnson, Col. Francis, a Pennsyl
vania oflficer, 22.
Johnson, Sir Guy, flees to Cana
da; returns to New York; man
ages a theatre in that city; joins
Brant, the Mohawk chief; es
tates confiscated, ig.
Johnson, Sir William, " an Irish
man by birth," 17, 18, ig, 375,
377, 435-
Johnston, John, " the president of
St. Andrew's Society," 77.
Jones, Gen., 31.
Jones, John Paul, descends upon
the coast of England and lands
an American force at White
haven, 378.
Journal and Patriotic Register, 280.
Junius Letters, The, 336.

Juvenile Sons of Erin, New York,
Celebrations by, 152, 153, I54,
ISS, 156, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161,
162, 163, 164, 165, 166, 167, 168,
169, 170, 171, 172, 173, 291, 292,
293, 332, 339.
Kavanagh, Edward, governor of
Maine, 43, 378.
Keating's Irish grenadiers, of Bal
timore, 437.
Kelly, " Old Master,'' an Irish ped
agogue at Tower Hill, R. I., 414.
Kennedy, Anthony, a United States
senator, 242.
Kennedy, Bernard; his wife assists
on the fortifications at Brooklyn,
N. Y., in the War of 1812-15,
322, 379.
Kennedy, John Pendleton, " nov
elist congressman and cabinet
oflficer," 242, 379.
Kent, Chancellor, 346.
Kentucky, Dr. George Hart of, 254.
Kentucky, Edward Fitzpatrick of
Louisville, 254.
Kentucky, Rev. Michael Whelen
of, 254.
Kentucky, St. Patrick's Day in, 254.
Kentucky, The Mahoneys of, 254.
Kernochan, Joseph, New York,
Sketch of, 379.
Kernochan, Parish & Co., of New
York, 379.
Kerry, Ireland, 16, 40, 467.
" Kildare and Leighlin," 357.
Kildare, Ireland, 67, 357, 421.
Kilkenny, Ireland, 342.
" Kilkenny Scholar," George Ber
keley the, 441.
King George IV., 425.
King James II. , 423.
King Louis XVI., 424.
King's College, 430.
King William, "The glorious
memory of," 26.
Knickerbocker Magazine, The old,
338.
Knowles, James Sheridan, in New
York and Philadelphia, 87.
Knox, Gen. Henry Knox, Sketch
of, 380.
Knox, Gen., " marched his men
in from Harlem, as far as ' Bow
ery Lane,' " 35.
Knyphausen, Gen., 31.
Ladies' Hermitage Association,
Nashville, Tenn., 42.
" La Fayette, Rochambeau, De
Grasse," 172.
Lafayette, Sketch of, 380, 381.

A GENERAL INDEX

469

Lake Champlain, Battle of, 387.
Lake Erie, Battle of, 414. 439-
Landen, Battle of, 423.
Land purchase in New York
State; A huge one by William
Constable, Daniel McCormick
and Alexander Macomb; they
buy a tract of over 3,600,000
acres, 351.
" Large revenues in rackrents," 6.
"Last of the cocked hats," The,
216.
Latimer, Lieut. Col. George, 231,
381.
La Vengeance, The French man-of-
war, 433.
Laverty, Henry, of New York, " a
very polished man," 103, 381.
Lawrence, Capt., captures the Brit
ish ship Peacock, 381.
Lee, Rev. Father, President of St.
Patrick's Benevolent Society,
Providence, R. I., 265.
Legislative Act uniting England
and Ireland, 345, 368.
Legislature of California, 444.
Legislature of Georgia, 256, 257,
258, 259, 436.
Legrjslature of Maine, 378.
Legislature of Maryland, 342.
Legislature of Massachusetts, 405.
Legislature of Pennsylvania, 340,
344-
Legislature of South Carolina, 343.
Legislature of Tennessee, 447.
Legislature of the State of New
York, 261, 348, 360, 366, 372. 445-
Leitrim, Ireland, 407.
Leinster, Duke of, 362.
Lemoine, Stephen P., president of
the Shamrock Friendly Associa
tion, of New York, 174, 179, 181,
183, 186, 382.
" Let us often assemble, agitate,
and make public through the
press the wrongs of Ireland,"
208.
Lewis, Andrew, served in 1754-55
as major in a regiment com
manded by Washington; became
brigadier general in the Conti
nental army, 383.
Lewis, Col. Charles, killed at
Point Pleasant, 383.
Lewis family of Virginia, 8, 383.
Lewis, Gen. Andrew, of Virginia,
383.
Lewis, John F., governor of Vir
ginia, 383. , , „
Lexington, Battle of, 380.

Lexington, The cruiser, 333.
Life of Commodore fohn Barry, 369.
Light Horse of the City of Phila
delphia, 217.
Limerick, Earl of, 357.
Limerick, Ireland, 6, 185, 357, 398,
407. 423-
Limerick, Treaty of, 185, 423.
L'Insurgente, The French man-of-
war, 421, 433.
Lincoln, Gen., a guest of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, 222; Sketch of,
.383-
Linehan, John C, state insurance
commissioner of New Hamp
shire, 18, 383, 384.
" Lispenard St., Monday, March,
14, 1831," 205.
Literary and Catholic Sentinel, 214.
Little Belt, The British ship, 421.
Livingston, Chancellor, 331.
Lucan, Earl of, 423.
Loan of $6,000,000 by France to
the United States, 411.
Londonderry, Ireland, 343, 345,
362.
Londonderry, The second Marquis
of, 345-
London, Hibernian Society, The,
59. 60.
Longford, Ireland, 348, 359.
Long night of Ireland's bondage,
189.
Long Island, Battle of, 217, 371,
395, 428, 429, 436.
Lord Rawdon offers a reward for
the capture of deserters, 12, 32.
Lord Rawdon's " Volunteers of
Ireland," 12, 13, 30, 31, 32, 33.
Louisburg, Expedition against,
435-
Louisburg, Siege of, 35, 400.
" Louisiana — The bloodless acquis
ition of a wise administration,"
116.
Louisville Tiines, 254.
Louis XVL, King, 4^4.
Lowry, Major William, of Balti
more, 238, 384.
Lundy's Lane, Battle of, 389, 424.
Lyndhurst, Baron, 351.
Lynch, Dominick, a prominent
merchant of New York; part
ner of Don Thomas Stoughton,
45, 98, 103, 385, 386, 387.
Lynch, Dominick (2d), a New
York merchant; spoken of as
"the most fashionable man in
New York," 386, 387.

470

A GENERAL INDEX

Lynch, Dominick (3d), "an ele
gant conversationalist and the
possessor of musical talents";
became a naval oflficer, 387.
Lynch, Dominick (4th), an oflficer
in the Fourth U. S. Cavalry, 387.
Lynch family of New York, The,
386, 387-
Lynch, Thomas, Jr., a signer of the
Declaration of Independence,
8, 387-
Lynch vs. Stoughton, and Stough
ton vs. Lynch (suits in chancery.
New York), 385.
Lynchville, now Rome, N. Y.;
founded by Dominick Lynch,
386.
Macdonough, Thomas, defeats the
British on Lake Champlain, 387.
Macedonian, The British frigate,
354
Mackay, President, of the Boston
Charitable Irish Society, delivers
an address (in 1784), 36, 37.
Macmurphy, John, a " donor " of
the Boston Charitable Irish So
ciety, 276, 388.
Macneven, Dr. William J., 4S, (>3,
103, 121, 160, 174, 175, 178, 196,
203, 204, 205, 209, 213, 262, 291,
305, 336, 346, 360, 366, 388, 437.
Macneven, Dr. William J., presides
at a meeting, in New York, of
naturalized Irishmen, 305.
Macomb, Alexander, president in
1791 of the New York Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick; 388, Sketch
of, 388.
Macomb, Gen. Alexandet, defeats
the British at Plattsburg, 38g.
" Macomb's purchase," in north
ern New York, 388.
Macomb, William H., attains the
rank of Commodore in the U. S.
navy, 38g.
Madison, James, I2g, 152, isg, 164,
165, 333, 444-
Magee, Capt. James, a patriot of
the Revolution, 389.
Magnolia Cemetery, Charleston,
S.X., 250.
Magrath, Governor A. G., of South
Carolina, 249, 253 390.
Magrath, William, founder of St.
Patrick's Benevolent Society,
Charleston, S. C, 253, 390.
Mahoneys, 'Th.e, of Kentucky, 254.
Maine, Commission to settle the
northeastern boundary of, 378.
Maine Legislature, The, 378.

" Main Guard and Morristown
Picket," 21.
Malcolm, Daniel, of Boston, "a
true friend to Liberty, a friend
to the Publick, an enemy to op
pression," 276, 390.
Manhattan Bank, The, New York,
437-
" Mansion House Hotel," Philadel
phia, 229, 231.
Mansion House, Salem, Mass.,
Observance at, 214.
Manufactures of the United States,
230, 243.
Many of the " Volunteers of Ire
land " leave the British ranks
and take refuge among the pa
triots, 32.
"Marched to Federal Hilf and
fired three volleys in honor of the
day," 239.
Marlborough, Duchess of, 415.
Marion, Gen. Francis, a patriot of
the Revolution, Sketch of, 3go.
Marquis of Londonderry, The sec
ond, 345.
Marshall, John, " at Mount Pleas
ant," 25, 27.
" Martin's Union Hotel," New
York, 126.
Martyrs of the Prison ships, 162.
Maryland House of Delegates, 37g.
Maryland, Legislature of, 342.
Maryland, State Assembly of, 345.
Maryland, The Example of, 127.
Maryland, The Irish Historical So
ciety of, 236.
Maryland, University of, 379.
Massachusetts Colony, Rights and
grievances of the, 36.
Massachusetts Historical Society;
37, 334-
Massachusetts, Legislature of, 405.
Massachusetts, Provincial Con
gress of, 366.
Massachusetts regiments, The
Ninth and Twenty-eighth, 356.
Masssachusetts Senate, The, 418.
Massachusetts Volunteers, The
Tenth, 338.
Matignon, Rev. Francis A., 38, 39,
347. 391-
Maunsell, Gen. John, of the New
York Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, Sketch of, 391.
Maynoooth, Ireland, 39.
" Mayor, Aldermen, and Com
monalty of the City of New
York," 298.

A GENERAL INDEX

471

McBride, James (New York),
" prominent as an importer of
Irish linens," 392.
McClenachan, Blair, a prominent
merchant of Philadelphia; sub
scribes iio,ooo in aid of the pa
triots, 392, 393.
McClure, Francis, of New York,
commander of the Republican
Greens; appointed to command
the First Regiment of New York
riflemen (War of 1812); takes
part in the invasion of Canada,
393-
McCormick, Daniel, founder of
New York Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, 44, 55, 59, 66, 6g, 74. 78,
83, 92, 93, 94. 95. 96, 97, 98, 102,
351, 388, 394.
M'Creery, Mr., of Petersburgh,
Va., 2g4.
McKean, Thomas, a signer of the
Declaration of Independence,
3g6; president of the Hibernian
Society, Philadelphia, 222, 225,
226, 396.
McVickar, John, New York, of
John & Nathan McVickar . and
John McVickar & Co., 97, 98,
103, 397, 398.
Meade, George, of George Meade
& Co., Philadelphia, 215, 216, 222,
226, 363; Sketch of, 3g8.
Mease, James, paymaster and treas
urer of the Continental Army;
clothier-general of the army, 398.
Mechanics' Hall, corner of Broad
way and Park Place, New York
City, 49-
Medical and Philosophical Journal
The, 388.
Men in the British service observe
St. Patrick's Day, in Philadel
phia (1778), 20.
Mental Resiliency of the Gael, 10.
Mercer's Flying Camp, 431. .
Merchants' Coffee House, New
York City, 46.
Merchants Persuade People to
Embark for America, 7.
Merrimac House, Boston, observ
ance at, 214.
Messages of Civil Compliments
exchanged, 28.
Metropolitan Museum of Fine
Arts, New York, 416.
Mexico, Gen. Scott, the conqueror
of, 424- . ,
Mexico, The, surrender of, 409.

Miflflin, Gen., a guest of the Phila
delphia Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, 223.
Milesian, " That convivial spirit
which ever distinguished the
true," 46.
" Military Hall, n Spruce St.," 201.
Militia of the United States, 177,
230, 231, 232.
Mitchell, D. B., Governor, of
Georgia, 259, 39g.
Mohawk, Brant the, 19.
Mohawk region. The, 435.
Mohawk river, "The, 17.
Mohawk Tribe, The, 17.
Mohawk valley. The, 19.
Monaghan, 355, 390, 421.
Monmouth, Battle of, 30, 342, 369,
376, 380, 400, 420, 427, 436.
Monroe, Citizen, 114.
Monroe Doctrine, The, 400.
Monroe, President James, Sketch
of, 4CX).
Montgomery, Gen. Richard, in
vades Canada, captures St. John,
on the Sorel river, takes Mon
treal, lays siege to Quebec; killed
in the assault, buried at Quebec;
his remains conveyed in 1818 to
New York, 401.
Montgomery Hibernia Greens,
Philadelphia, Pa., 14, 233.
Montgomery's remains brought
back, in 1818, to New York, 308,
327-
Moore, Lynsen & Co. (New
York), 394-
Moore, Thomas, the Irish poet,
401.
Morgan, Lady (nee Owenson), an
Irish novelist, 410.
Morgan's Rifle Corps, 341.
Morning Chronicle, The, 122, 193.
Mostan's Tavern, Dinner at, 223.
Morris, Robert, " the financier of
the Revolution," 215, 218, 350,
402.
Morrison, John, " of the house of
Morrison & Nixon, WiUiam
street," New York, 402.
Moultrie, Gen., a guest of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, 222.
Moultrie, Gen., taken prisoner by
the British, but exchanged for
Burgoyne, 402.
Mountcashel, The Earl of, 67.
Mount Vernon, 431, 435.
Moylan, Bishop, 361, 403.

472

A GENERAL INDEX

Moylan, Gen. Stephen, a brother
of the Roman Catholic bishop
of Cork, Sketch of, 403- , ^
" Mr Andrews, the worthy land
lord of St. John's," 203.
"Mr. Arthur Ray's, Murray St.,
202.
" Mr. Dalrymple, an ancient resi
dent of Salem," 214.
" Mr. Hardy's Inn," 229.
" Mr. James Harrison's Northern
Hotel, Cortiandt st.," 292.
" Mr. Kitchen's Coffee House,"
229.
" Mr. James Sweeney's, Chatham
Row," 202.
"Mr. McShane's Tavern," 228,
22g.
" Mr. Neale Nugent's Tavern,"
Baltimore, Md., 337-
" Mr. Sagar's, corner of Nassau
and Little George streets," New
York, 140.
" Mr. William C. Sloan's, No. 338
Broadway," 202.
MuUan's Tavern, Philadelphia, 218.
Munster, Ireland, 338, 341.
Munster, King of, 338.
Murphy, John, " of Belfast," 170.
Murphy, William; His address, in
1809, " To the people of the State
of New York," 309, 310, 311,
312, 313, 314, 315. 316, 317, 318,
319, 320, 404- , . ,
Murray, Rev. John, chaplain in the
Rhode Island brigade besieging
Boston, 404, 405.
Murray, Rev. John (Newburyport,
Mass.), a patriot of the Revolu
tion, 404, 405.
Muster-Master-General of the
Pennsylvania Navy, 2l6.
Napoleon Bonaparte, 333.
" Natives of Ireland, or of Irish
Extraction," 16.
" Natives of Ireland, or descend
ants of Irishmen," 225.
" Naturalized Irishmen," addressed
by " An Irishman of the Sixth
Ward" (New York), in 1810,
SOS-
Navy of the United States, 177, 184,
igs, ig8, 228, 230, 231, 232, 243,
269.
" Near Fort Stanwix on the Mo
hawk river," 386.
" Near the foot of Wall Street,
New York," 28.
" Neilson and other patriots," 422.
New England Society, The, g3.

New Hampshire Infantry, The
Third, 384-
New Hampshire Regiment, Reed's,
438- , .
New Hampshire Veterans Asso
ciation, 384.
New Haven, Conn,, The Hiber
nian Provident Society of, 266.
New Jersey Minute Men, A regi
ment of, 427.
New Jersey Regiment of the Line,
A, 427-
Nesbitt, John Maxwell, one of the
founders of the Friendly Sons
of St. Patrick, Philadelphia; ac
tive in the cause of liberty, 215,
218, 2ig, 222, 225, 406.
New Jersey Historical Society, 349.
New Orleans, Battle of, igg, 376.
Newry, S. C, " Innisfallen," 24g,
250.
New Settlers, Bounty allowed to, 7.
New York, A ball given in the
Bowery "Theatre, 65.
New York, Adams Hotel, William
St., no, 112, 113.
New York, A dinner of 500 covers
partaken of there by Lord Raw
don's Volunteers of Ireland, 30,
31-
New York, Alex. Cranston & Co.,
prominent merchants of, 353.
New York, A meeting in 1815 of
"' naturalized Irishmen," 347.
New York and other Irish Emi
grant Associations, 176.
Neiv York and Vicinity Ditring the
War of 1812-1S, Guernsey's, 3g3.
New York, Anniversary event at
the Union Hotel, 50.
New York, A Shamrock ball in,
201, 202.
New York, A St. Patrick dinner,
" at Corre's," 351.
New York, " At the Bowery Long
Room, 58 Bowery," 3g5.
New York, " Bolton and Sigell's,"
27, 28.
New York, Bowling Green, ig.
New York, Bowery Theatre Ho
tel, 202.
New York, Bradford's Coffee
House, 45, 46.
New York, Byrne's Fly Market
Hotel, 174.
New York Chamber of Commerce,
447, 448.
New York, ChanceUor Jones'
vault, St. Mark's church, 361.

A GENERAL INDEX

473

New York, " ConnoUy's Hotel,
corner of Nassau and George
streets," 140.
New York: " Cream of the cream
of the old families here " (re
ferring to cerain Irish families
in that city), 387.
New York, Constable & Co., of,
350.
New York, Constable, Rucker &
Co., of, 350.
New York, Cunningham & McCor
mick of, 382.
New York, David Bryson, " one of
the tanners and curriers of the
' swamp,' " 340.
New York, Dennis H. Doyle, a
director of the Franklin Bank,
358.
New York District Court, 373.
New York, Dudley Persse, of
Persse & Brooks, 415.
New York, Early members of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick of,
102, 103, 104, 105.
New York, Edmund Burke is ap
pointed agent for the colony of
New York, 341.
New York, Fifteen hundred Irish
residents of, volunteer during the
War of 1812-IS for work on the
defences, 321. They form in two
divisions and embark for Brook
lyn, 321, 322, 323.
New York, Fourth of July ob
servances by Irish societies in,
321, 323, 324, 325, 326, 327, 393-
New York, Gen. John Cochrane of,
349-
New York, " George and Hugh
Pollock, merchants," 416.
New York. Governor Clinton en
tertains oflficers of the American
army, 35.
New York, Grand Sachem of the
Tammany Society, 121, 123.
New York harbor, A gunboat flo
tilla in, 414.
New York Historical Society, 108,
145. 348, 428, 446.
New York, " Hugh & Alexander
WaUace," of, 448.
New York, " Intersection of Wil
liam and Wall streets," 19.
New York, " In the Bowery Lane,"
31-
New York, Irish drama at the
Chatham Theatre, 201.
New York Irishmen appealed to.

in 1810, to vote the Republican
ticket, 305-
New York Irishmen warned, in
1810, against the Federalists, 305.
New York Irish societies take part
in the procession in that city, in
1818, on the reinterment of the
remains of Gen. Richard Mont
gomery, 401.
New York, John Haggerty, " the
richest auctioneer in the city,"
3^; Haggerty & Austen, 369;
Haggerty & Sons, 369, 370; Hag
gerty, Draper & Jones, 370.
New York, John Marshall's house
" at Mount Pleasant, near the
coUege," 390.
New York, Legislature of the State
of, 261, 348, 360, 366, 372.
New York Literary and Philosoph
ical Society, 348.
New York, " Macomb's purchase
in the northern part of the State
of," 388.
New York, " Mayor, Aldermen,
and Commonalty of the city of,"
298.
New York, Mechanics' Hall, cor
ner of Broadway and Park Place,
49-
New York, Meeting of naturalized
Irishmen, 305.
New York, Memorial tablet to
Michael Hogan in Grace church,
374-
New York, Merchants' Coffee
House, 46.
New York, Metropolitan Museum
of Fine Arts, 416.
New York, "MUitary Hall, 1 1
Spruce street," 201.
New York, " Mr. James Harrison's
Northern Hotel, Cortiandt
street," 202.
New York: Observance at the
City Tavern in 1790, 303, 304.
New York, Observance in 1801 by
the Hibernian Provident Society
of, 108.
New York: " Mr. Sagar's, corner
of Nassau and Little George
streets," 140.
New York, " Near the foot of Wall
Street," 28.
New York, " Near the Meal Mar
ket," 3g5.
New York perpetuaUy quarrelling
with its English governors, 9.
New York, Phoenix Fire Com
pany of, 310, 313.

474

A GENERAL INDEX

New York province, Governor
Thomas Dongan of, 25, 356, 357.
New York, One of the Dutch
Governors of, 428.
New York,. Queen's Head Tavern,
28.
New York Rangers, The Corps of,
192.
New York: Reinterment of the re
mains of Gen. Montgomery, 308.
327-
New York, Rejoicing on the entry
to the city of the patriot army,
35. .
New York: Robert Donaldsons
" magnificent place on the North
river," 356.
New York State Constitutional
Convention, 339.
New York: Shamrock Friendly
Association takes part, in 1818,
in the procession at the re-inter
ment of the remains of Gen.
Montgomery, 327.
New York, Statue to the British
king set up in, 19.
New York, Statue to William Pitt
erected in, ig.
New York, " Stewart & Co., near
the Coffee House," 420.
New York, St. John's Hall, Frank
fort street, 144.
New York, St. Paul's church
yard, 351, 361, 401, 417, 432.
New York, St. Peter's church, 417.
New York suits in chancery. Two,
38s.
New York, Supreme Court of, 384,
432.
New York, " Tanners and curriers
of the ' Swamp,' " 340.
New York, The Americans take
possesion of, 35.
New York, The Bank Coffee
House, 52, 53, 54, 55, 60, 61, 64,
65, 68, 6g, 73, 74, 100, IOI, 102,
210, 357-
New York, "The Bowery Long
Room," 202.
New York, The British evacuate,
34
New York, The City Hotel, 80, 81,
85, 86, 87, 93.
New York, The City Tavern;
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick's
dine there on St. Patrick's An
niversary for many years, 47.
New York, "The Coffee House,"
conducted by Mr. Bradford in
Water street, near Wall," 337.

New, York, The Commercial Cof
fee House, 198, 260.
New York, "The Druid's Grand
Lodge, igo, ig3.
New York, The Druid's Head
Tavern, 193.
New York, The firm D. & John
Phelan of, 415.
New York, The firm of Lynch &
Stoughton, 385.
New York, The firm " Moore,
Lynsen & Co., auctioneers," 394.
New York, The First regiment of,
395-
New York, The Friendly Brothers
of St. Patrick, 13, 23, 25.
New York, The Fulton bank of,
329.
New York, " The grandest din
ners that ever were given in this
city," 373-
New York, The Hibernian
Friendly Knot, 13, 192, 193,
New York, The Hibernian Vol- '
unteers, 190, 191, 192.
New York, "The house of Greg,
Cunningham & Co., 434.
New York, The " Irish Greens " of,
393- .
New York, The King's Council
of, 448-
New York, The Lynch family of,
38s, 386, 387.
New York, The Manhattan bank,
437-
New York, Thomas Addis Emmet
becomes Attorney-General of the
State of, 361.
New York, The Niblo Gardens,
406.
New York, "The Old Coffee
House," 49, 98.
New York, The Phcenix Coffee
House," 49, 98.
New York, The Republican
Greens, 160, 324, 326, 393.
New York, The Stuyvesant " Bou
erie farm," 428.
New York, The "Swamp" dis
trict, 340, 382.
New York, The Tontine Coffee
House, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 98, 99,
100.
New York, The Washington Ho
tel, 51.
New York: The yellow fever epi
demic, 330.
New York: Three Irishmen pur
chase nearly a tenth part of the
entire State, 351, 388, 394.

A GENERAL INDEX

475

New York, Trinity church, 416,
434.
New York, Two Celebrations of
St. Patrick's Day mentioned as
taking place in 1788, 46.
New York, Union Hotel, WiUiam
St., 306.
New York, "V. Blake, merchant,
75 Broad St.," 335.
New York, William Wallace &
Co., 435.
Niagara, Army of the, 339.
Niagara, Banks of the, 188.
Niagara frontier. The, 393.
.Niblo Gardens, The, New York,
406.
Niblo, William, of New York,
spoken of as " the matchless
and incomparable Niblo," 406.
Nicholson, John, Comptroller- Gen
eral of Pennsylvania, 231.
" Nine Irish Immigrants to one
from all other nations in Eu
rope," 7.
Ninth and Twenty-eighth Massa
chusetts regiments, 356.
Ninth Regiment of Pennsylvania,
341-
Nixon, John, reads and proclaims
the Declaration of Independence
to the people at Philadelphia, 406.
"No. 44 Fly-market," New Yo"rk,
303-
Non-Importation agreement, 398.
North Carolina, Hillsboro Military
Academy, 251.
North Carolina State troops. Sec
ond regiment of, 430.
"Northern Hotel, Cortiandt St.,"
202.
North Point, Battle of, 247.
Nullification Contest, 251.
O'Brien, D. W., toastmaster at the
Centennial Anniversary of the
Boston Charitable Irish Society,
268.
O'Brien, M. M., of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia,
407.
O'Brien, Rev. Mr., " pastor of St.
Nicholas' Church," 273.
Observance of St. Patrick's Day at
Concert Hall, Boston (1837),
267, 268.
Observance at " Edward Moy
ston's," 223.
Observances at Fulton's Tavern,
Baltimore, 241.
Observance at " George Evans',"
222.

Observance at " Mr. Kitchen's Cof
fee House," 229.
Observances at " Mr. McShane's
Tavern," 228, 229.
Observance " At Mr. Patrick
Byrne's in Front street," 226.
Observance at " Mr. Neale Nu
gent's Tavern," 246.
Observances at the City Hotel,
Philadelphia, 231.
Observance at the City Hotel,
Providence, R. I., 266.
Observance at the Columbian Inn,
Baltimore, 239.
Observance at the Gltfbe Tavern,
Philadelphia, 244.
Observance at the Harp and
Crown Tavern, 227, 228.
Observance " at the house of Sam
uel Richardt," 223.
Observance at the Star Hotel,
Philadelphia, 233.
Observance at the Union Hotel,
Philadelphia, 233.
Observance at Vodge's Hotel, 22g.
Observance at Washington Hall,
Providence, R. I., 266.
Observance by the Irish Volun
teers, Charleston, S. C, 254.
Observance in 1801, by the Hiber
nian Provident Society of New
York, 108.
Observance by St. Patrick's Ben
evolent Society, Charleston, S.
C, 253, 254-
Observance of St. Patrick's Day,
1778, in Philadelphia, by men in
the British service, 20.
O'Connell, Daniel, Sketch of, 407.
O'ConneU Patrick, " chief marshal
of the day," in 1843, at Provi
dence, R. I., 266.
O'Conor, Charles, the eminent
lawyer, 408, 445.
" O'Connor, Russell and Emmet,"-
III.
Odes for the Centennial anniver
sary of the Boston Charitable
Irish Society, 2g4, 2g5, 2g6, 2g7.
Odds and ends, Curious and inter
esting, 2g8.
O'Donnell, Capt. John, a promi
nent resident of Baltimore, Md.,
408.
O'DonneU, Rev. James H., of the
diocese of Hartford, Conn., 266,
408.
O'Donoju, Don Juan, lieutenant-
general in the Spanish service;

476

A GENERAL INDEX

viceroy of New Spain; signs a
treaty with Iturbide, 408, 409-
O'DriscoU, Daniel M., of Charles
ton, S. C, 252, 4og-
Oglethorpe, 396.
O'Halloran, of Castletown, a
teacher of Edmund Burke, 7.
O'Hara, Gen., 362.
Old and New Spain, 188.
" Old Master " Kelly, an Irish ped
agogue in Rhode Island, 414.
Old Merchants of New York City,
Barrett's, 373, 387, 394-
" Olive and vine on the Mississip
pi," 195-
Oliver, John, founder of the Hi
bernian Free School, Baltimore,
Md., 62, 84, 242, 409.
O'Neale, John, of the Hibernian
Provident Society, New York,
309. 310, 311, 312, 313. 314, 315,
316, 317, 318, 3ig, 320, 4og.
" On the banks of the Niagara,"
188.
" On the Dock near the Ferry
stairs. Water street," igi.
One Hundred and Twelfth Anni
versary Dinner of ihe Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick in the City of
New York, 44.
Operations against Canada, 430.
" Oppression, however it may en
chain the body, can never con
quer the mind," i8g.
Oration at MiUtary HaU, New
York, on St. Patrick's Day, 334.
Oration by Garrit Gilbert, 175, 178.
Oration by George A. O'Keefe,
^183,184.
Oration by Henry L. Pinckney, Jr.,
of Charleston, S. C, 254.
Oration by President Boyd, of the
Boston Charitable Irish Society,
267, 271, 272, 273.
Oration by Stephen P. Lemoine,
179-
Oration by William Bayley, at
MUitary HaU, n Spruce St., N.
Y., 334
" Order of Pacificators," 205.
O'Reily, Don Alexander, gover
nor-general of Cuba, 417.
Original ode in 1837 by Rev. Mr.
Pierpont, 267.
" Orr, Harvey and Bond," no.
Orr, William, a martyr in the
cause of Irish liberty, 4og.
" Ossian and Carolan," 156.
Ossian, semi-historical Gaelic
bard, 410.

Ossianic poems, The, estimated to
aggregate 80,000 or 100,000 lines,
410.
" Our brethren of the lately ac
quired Territory of the Flor
idas," igg.
" Our Lord, the King," Toasts to,
12.
" Over P. Mooney's bookstore,"
214.
Owenson, Miss, an Irish novelist,
later and perhaps better known
as I^ady Morgan. 410.
Owenson, Robert, an Irish actor,
410.
Pakenham, Lord, mortally wound
ed at the battle of New Orleans,
376.
Palladius, A Christian missionary
in Ireland before St. Patrick,
412.
Palmer, Thomas F., transported to
Botany Bay, 411.
Panegyric on Washington, 345.
Parliament of Bordeaux, 400.
Parliament of Ireland, 12, 21, 22,
171, 353, 359, 362, 368, 417. 432-
Parliament. The British, ig, 368,
407. 415-
Parnell, Thomas, an Irish poet, 411.
Patrick, Saint, Sketch of the life
of, 411, 412, 413-
Patriot army, Irish Rhode Island
ers in the, 23.
Patriots of Mexico and South
America, The, 176.
Patterson, Elizabeth, who married
Jerome Bonaparte, 242.
Patton, John, a native of Sligo,
Ireland; becomes a major-gen
eral in Pennsylvania, 413.
Peacock, The British ship, 381.
Peasantry of Ireland, The, 263.
Pelham, Peter, " the father of fine
arts in New England," 16, 413.
Penal laws against Irish Roman
Catholics, 362.
Penn, Admiral Sir William, 414.
Penn, John, governor of Penn
sylvania, 218, 413.
Penn, Richard, a grandson of Wil
liam Penn of Pennsylvania, 414.
Penn, WiUiam, the founder of
Pennsylvania, log, 414.
Pennsylvania, Bank of, 332.
Pennsylvania board of war, 332.
Pennsylvania Border, Indian wars
on the, 331.
Pennsylvania, Commonwealth of,
226, 230.

A GENERAL INDEX

477

Pennsylvania Committee of Safety,
406.
Pennsylvania Constitutional Con
vention, 436.
Pennsylvania, Fifth regiment of,
341-
Pennsylvania, Fourth Light Dra
goons of, 216, 403.
Pennsylvania Gazette, The, 364.
Pennsylvania Herald, The, 344.
Pennsylvania Navy, The, 216.
Pennsylvania, Ninth regiment of,
341-
Pennsylvania, President Reed of,
220.
Pennsylvania, Provincial Council
of, 372.
Pennsylvama, Sixteenth regiment
of, 413-
Pensylvania State navy, sgg, 400.
Pennsylvania State Regiment of
Foot, 428.
Pennsylvania State troops, 217,
371-
Pennsylvania, Supreme Executive
Council of, 355.
Pennsylvania, The legislature of,
340, 344-
Pennsylvania, The Province of, 217.
Pennsylvania, The Second regi
ment of, 355.
Pennsylvania, The Sixth regiment
of, 376.
Pennsylvania, Third battalion of,
428.
Pennsylvania, University of, 217,
342, 363, 364, 406, 420, 438, 441-
Pennsylvania's western frontier, 18.
Persse, Dudley, of Persse &
Brooks, New York, Sketch of,
415-
Perry and Macdonough, " the he
roes of the Lakes," 232.
Perry, Oliver Hazard, the victor
in the battle of Lake Erie; his
mother a native of Ireland, 414.
Peter Pelham, the " father of fine
arts in New England," 16.
" Petersfield," residence of Peter
G. Stuyvesant, in New York, was
so called, 428.
Phoenix Fire Company, New York,
310, 313-
PhUadelphia, British evacuation of,
220.
Philadelphia, Celebrations by the
Hibernian Society of, 225, 226,
227, 228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 233,
234

Philadelphia Chamber of Com
merce, 363.
Philadelphia, City of, taken by the
British, 2ig.
Philadelphia, City Tavern, 218.
Philadelphia, First City Troop of,
217, 337, 343. 344, 353, 357, 358.
365.
Philadelphia, Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick of, 215, 216, 217, 218, 219,
220, 221, 222, 223, 224.
Philadelphia, (Jeorge Meade & Co.,
of, 363, 398.
Philadelphia in the Revolution,
219.
Philadelphia, Light Horse of, 217.
Philadelphia, MuUan's Tavern, 218.
Philadelphia, Observance at the
Star Hotel, 233.
Philadelphia, Port of, 217.
Philadelphia, Smith's Tavern, 218.
Philadelphia, St. Patrick's Benev
olent Society of, 232, 234.
Philadelphia, The Erin Society of,
232.
Philadelphia, The Commercial
Bank of, 334.
Philadelphia, The firm John Searle
& Co., 424.
Philadelphia, The Hibernia Fire
Company of, 332, 343, 351, 353,
364-
Philadelphia, The Montgomery
Hibernia Greens celebrate, 233.
Philadelphia, The Volunteer
Greens of, 394.
Philadelphia, "Toast to the Friend
ly Sons of St. Patrick of, 234.
Pierce, President, Sketch of, 408.
Pierpont, Rev. Mr., contributes an
original ode for the Centennial
anniversary of the Boston Chari
table Irish Society, 295, 296, 2g7.
Pike, Mr., " a spirited citizen of
Salem," Mass., 214.
Pilot, The Boston, 356.
" Pirates of England and Algiers,"
195-
Plattsburg, the British are de
feated at, 388.
Plowden, Francis P., author of an
Historical Review of the State of
Ireland, etc., 156, 416.
Poem by " Selim," 285, 286, 287.
Poetical Contributions for St. Pat
rick's Day, 278.
Point Pleasant, Battle of, 383-
Pollock, Carlisle, a prominent New
York merchant, 416.

478

A GENERAL INDEX

Pollock, George, a merchant in
1795 at 91 Water St., New York,
416, 417.
Pollock, Oliver, of the Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, Philadelphia,
417.
Ponsonby, George, a member of
the Irish ParUament, 171, 417.
" Poor Ireland, for which God has
done so much, and man so lit
tle!" 112.
Port of Philadelphia, 217.
Poterie, Abbe de la, 36.
Power, Thomas, contributes an or
iginal ode to anniversary exer
cises, in 1837, of the Boston
Charitable Irish Society, 296,
297.
Power, Very Rev. Dr. John, a Ro
man Catholic clergyman of New
York, Sketch of, 417.
Practical annihilation of Irish
trade and manufacture, 6.
President, The American ship, 421.
Presidential Contest, The Hayes-
Tilden, 408.
Primogeniture abolished in Vir
ginia, 377.
Princes of Ireland, 47.
Princeton, Battle of, 216, 342, 357,
370, 371, 436, 438.
Princeton College, 336.
Princeton, Rear guard of the Brit
ish at, 216.
Prison ships. Martyrs of the, 162.
Prison ship Jersey, The, 418.
Privateer Congress, The, 433.
Privateers fitted out during the
Revolution, Many, by Patrick
Tracy, of Newburyport, Mass.,
433-
Procession at the reinterment of
Gen. Montgomery's remains in
New York, 308, 327.
Project to establish a settlement
on a tract of 40,000 acres in
Steuben County, N. Y., 445.
Prominent Baltimore Irishmen in
180S, 242.
Protestant HaU, Long Island, 28.
Protestant Irishmen of faniily and
education go to London, 7.
Protestantism no test of race, g'
Protracted emigration of both
Irish Catholics and Protestants,
8.
Prospectus of a Dictionary of the
Language of the Aire-Coti or An
cient Irish, 434.

Providence, R. I., account by
" Hibernicus " of a celebration
there, 266.
Providence, R. I., St. Patrick's
Day celebrations in, 261, 265,
266.
Providence, R. I., Celebration, in
1843, by the Hibernian Orphan
Society of, 266.
Providence, R. I., John Devlin
presides at an observance in, 265,
266.
Providence, R. I.: Patrick O'Con
nell, chief marshal of the day in
1843, 266.
Providence, R. I., Record Com
mission of, 23.
Providence, R. I., Rev. Father
Wiley lectures in, 266.
Providence, R. I., St. Patrick's
Benevolent Society of, 265.
Providence, R. I., The Hibernian
Orphan Society of, 14.
Providence, R. I., Washington
HaU, 266.
Providence river, R. I., Irishmen
work on fortifications along the,
265, 321.
Provincial Congress of Massachu
setts, 366.
Provincial Council of Pennsylvan
ia, 372.
Provincial Rangers under John
Stark, 17, 18.
Provisional army of the United
States, 370, 371.
Public dinner by William Mc
Donnell, 201, 202.
Quaker Blues, The, 364.
Quebec, Siege of, by Gen. Mont
gomery, 401.
Quincy, Josiah, Jr., mayor of Bos
ton (1845), 267, 270, 273, 418.
Queen's Head Tavern, New York,
28.
Rabun, William, of the Georgia
Senate, 418.
Raleigh, The frigate, 333.
Ramsay, Dr. David, a patriot of
the Revolution; historian of
South Carolina, 418, 4ig.
Ramsay on Irish Arrivals in South
Carolina, 7.
Randolph, John, of Roanoke,
Sketch of, 4ig.
Ranger, John Mitchell, captain of,
. the, 400.
Rapacity and cruelty of English
ofificials in India, 422.

A GENERAL INDEX

479

Rawdon, Lord; he offers reward
for capture of deserters from the
Volunteers of Ireland, 32.
Read, George, a signer of the Dec
laration of Independence, 4ig. *
Read, Thomas, son of an Irishman*
and brother of George Read,
who was a signer of the Declar
ation of Independence, 419.
Record Commission, Providence,
R. I., 23.
Recorder, The, of Boston, 408.
Records of the United States War
Department, 22.
Recruits solicited for the " Volun
teers of Ireland," 31, 32.
Reed, Joseph, aide-de-camp to
Washington; Chief Justice of
Pennsylvania, 420.
Reed's New Hampshire regiment,
438.
Reed, President of Pennsylvania,
220.
Regiment of Dillon, The, 355.
Regiment of Foot, Pennsylvania
State, 428.
Regiment of New Jersey Minute
Men, 427.
Regiment of the Line, A New Jer
sey, 427-
Reinterment, at New York, of the
remains of Gen. Montgomery,
308, 327.
Renshaw, Mr., " An excellent din
ner prepared by," 22g.
Repeal of the Union, 13.
Reproduction of an interesting
old pamphlet, 145, 146, 147.
Republican Greens (Riflemen),
The New York, 14, 160, 324, 326,
393-
" Republican Irish, resident in the
United States," in.
" Republican Youth of France,"
The, 112.
Resolution by the Hibernian Provi
dent Society of New York, in
defence of Cornelius Heeney,
142.
Result of an election, in 1817, by
the Hibernian Provident So
ciety, New York, 308.
Revolution, The French, 391.
Revolution, The Phil Sheridan of
the American, 216.
Revolution, Sages and Heroes of
the, 136.
Rhode Island, Battle of, 429,
Rhode Island brigade besieging
Boston, 405.

Rhode Island, Col. Israel AngeU
of, 23.
Rhode Island Regiment, The First,
331-
Rhode Island, Second regiment of,
in the Continental Line, 23.
Rhode Islanders, Irish, in the pa
triot army, 23.
Riall, Gen., 339.
Richardson, Abigail, " An Irish
woman " at Boston, 357.
Riflemen, Capt. Stryker's, 3g3.
Rights and Grievances of the Mas
sachusetts Colony, 36.
" Right Honourable Lord Raw
don," The, 33.
Rivington, James, believed to have
acted as a spy for Washington,
28, 29.
Roanoke, John Randolph of, 60.
Robinson, Edward, of Virginia, 89.
Rochambeau, Count de, in com
mand of the French military
force sent to aid the Americans,
421.
" Rockets, bonfires and other evi
dences of rejoicing," 35.
Rodgers, Commodore John, cap
tures many British vessels, 421.
Roman Catholics of Ireland, Rights
of the, 344.
Rome, Holy Church and Holy See
of, 36.
Rome, N. Y. (formerly Lynch
ville), founded by Dominick
Lynch, 386.
Rowan, Archibald Hamilton,
Sketch of, 421, 422.
Royal Hibernian Academy, The,
59-
Royal Irish Academy, The, 346,
359- ^ .^
Royal Irish Regiment of Fgot,
The Eighteenth, 370.
Rutgers, Col. Henry, 160.
Rutgers College, 330.
" Ruthless and exterminating hand
of tyranny," 200.
Rutledge, Edward, a signer of the
Declaration of Independence,
Sketch of, 423.
Rutledge, John, of South Carolina,
Sketch of, 423.
Sackett's Harbor, 140.
" Sagar's, corner of Nassau and
George streets," New York, 326.
" Sages and Heroes of the Revolu
tion," 136.
Saint Patrick, Sketch of the life of,
411, 412, 413-

48o

A GENERAL INDEX

Salem, Mass., "An ancient resi
dent of," 214.
Salem, Mass., An observance at
the Mansion House, 214.
Salem, Mass., Friends of Ireland
of, 214.
Salem, Mass., Mr. Pike, " a spirited
resident of," 214.
Salem, Mass., " one of the centres
of the old witch craze," 214.
Sandy Hook, a British blockading
squadron off, 421.
Sampson, William, Sketch of, 423.
" S  , An Irishman's Son," con
tributes a song, in 1828, for St.
Patrick's Day, 28g, 2go.
Sarsfield and Limerick, 6.
Santee and the Pedee, 3go.
Sarsfield, Patrick, an illustrious
Irish soldier. Sketch of, 423.
Savannah, Ga., Act to incorporate
the Hibernian Society of, 258,
259-
Savannah, Ga., Anniversary ora
tors of the Hibernian Society of,
260.
Savannah, Ga., John Courtenay
settles in, 250.
Savannah, Siege of, 396.
School books for poor children of
Irish extraction, Money voted in
Boston for, 37.
" Scotch and English patriots who
sympathized with Ireland," 118.
" Scotch-Irish," a distinction made
by ill-instructed moderns, and
adopted by shallow commenta
tors, 9.
Scotia, Major, 167.
Scotia Minor, 167.
Scott, Gen., defeats the British at
the battles of Chippewa and
Lundy's Lane; conqueror of
Mexico, 424; a guest of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
Philadelphia, 232.
Scottish Highlands, The, 410.
Searle, James, of Philadelphia,
" one of the greatest wits of his
time, a high-^bred gentleman,"
424
Second Pennsylvania brigade, 22.
Second Pennsylvania regiment.
The, 355.
Second regiment of North Carolina
State troops in the Civil War,
430.
Second Rhode Island regiment in
the Continental Line, 23.

Second war with England, 321, 322,
323-
" Select meeting of Irishmen," 225.
" Selim " contributes a poem, 285,
286, 287.
Seminole Indians, Campaign
against, 376.
Senate of the State of Georgia, 418.
Serapis, The British 44-gun ship,
216, 378.
" Seven centuries of British per
secution," 184.
" Severe stricture upon the policy
of the English government," 205.
Shamrock ball. A, in New York,
201, 202.
Shamrock Friendly Association,
New York, Celebrations by, 174,
175, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181,
182, 183, 184, l8s, 186, 187, 188,
189.
Shamrock Friendly Association of
New York presents an address
to Andrew Jackson, 308.
Shamrock Friendly Association,
New York, takes part in the pro
cession, in 1818, at the reinter
ment of Montgomery's remains,
327-
Shamrock Hall, 194.
Shamrock, Rose, and Thistle, 67.
Shamrock, The, as an Irish em
blem, 47.
Shamrock, The (publication), 188,
234, 261, 262, 2gi, 321, 322, 379,
445-
Shannon, The, British ship, 381.
Sharpsburg, Battle of, 1251.
Shillelah, "The ship, 333.
Siege and capture of Yorktown,
342-
Siege of Boston, 331, 380, 405, 429,
430.
Siege of Charleston, S. C, 390.
Siege of Louisburg, 35, 400.
Siege of Quebec by Gen. Mont
gomery, 401.
Siege of Savannah, 396.
Siege of Yorktown, 421.
Sir William Johnson, " an Irish
man by birth," 17, 18, 19.
Sirr, Major, agent of the Dublin
castle authorities, 422, 425.
Six Nations, The, 17.
Sixteenth Pennsylvania regiment,
413.
"Sixteenth Regiment of Foot,"
The, 25, 27, 28, 34.
Sixth Pennsylvania regiment, 376.

A GENERAL INDEX

481

Sloan, Samuel, oldest living presi
dent of the New York Friendly
Sons of St. Patrick, 448.
Smith's History of Cork, 154.
Smith's Tavern, Philadelphia, 218,
219.
Smythe, Major A. T., of Charies-
ton, S. C, 252.
Society of the Cincinnati, 218, 333,
34;9, 355, 370, 380.
Society of the United Irishmen,
124, 212, 330, 336, 360, 361, 362,
363. 403, 409. 421. 422, 423, 424,
42s. 432.
Song contributed in 1828, by
" S  , an Irishman's Son," 289,
290.
Song for St. Patrick's Day, 1789,
addressed " to the St. Patrick's
Society of New York," 282.
Song for St. Patrick's Day, by
Mathew Carey, 280.
Song written in 1786, for St. Pat
rick's Day, by " Hibernicus," 279.
Sons of Erin of Albany, N. Y.,
14, 262, 264, 265.
Sons of Erin, Boston, Celebration
by, 14, 214.
Sons of Erin, of Washington, D.
C, Celebration by the, 14, 263,
264, 265.
Sons of Hibernia, 192.
" Sons of Hibernia and citizens in
general," invited to call and view
some beef at 44 Fly Market,
New York, 303.
Sons of Liberty destroy Riving
ton's printing plant, 29.
South Carolina, British power
prostrated in, 36g.
South Carolina Gazette and County
Journal, 248.
South Carolina, Governor A. G.
McGrath of, 3go.
South Carolina, Legislature of, 343.
South Carolina Military Academy,
251-
Southern Confederacy, 251.
South, The, Bounty allowed to new
settlers in, 7.
Spain, Old and New, 188.
Spain surrenders Mexico, 409.
Spanish colonists in South Amer
ica, The, 237.
Springfield, Mo., Battle of, 251.
Stael, Madame de, 354.
Stamp-Act Congress, The, 340, 423.
Stamp Act, Repeal of the, 19, 28.
Star Hotel, Harmony Court, Phil
adelphia, 233.
31

Stark, John, Provincial Rangers
under, 17, 18; Sketch of, 426.
State Assembly of Maryland, 345.
State of Pennsylvania invaded by
the British army, 219.
Statue to the British King set up
in New York City, ig; also one
to William Pitt, ig.
" Sterne, Swift, Burke, Sheridan,
Montgomery, Grattan, Moore,
Curran, Parnell, Farquhar," 56.
Steuben, Gen. Baron, a guest of
the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, Philadelphia, 222.
Stewart, Alexander, of the New
York Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, 427.
" Stewart & Co., near the Coffee
House," 420.
Stewart, Col. Charles, a native of
County Donegal, Ireland; mem
ber of the American Continental
Congress; Sketch of, 427.
Stewart, Gen. Walter, vice-presi
dent of the Hibernian Society,
Philadelphia; Sketch of, 427, 428.
Stillwater, Battle of, 341.
Stony Point recaptured from the
British, 436.
Stony Point, Storming of, 342, 428.
" Stories of the Spanish Wars,"
7-
Stoughton, Don Thomas, a promi
nent New York merchant; part
ner of Dominick Lynch, 385.
Stoughton vs. Lynch, and Lynch
vs. Stoughton, Two suits in
chancery (New York), 385.
St. Finbar's Cathedral, Charles
ton, S. C, 254.
" St. George & St. Patrick, St. An
drew, St. David," 34.
St. George's Society, New York,
61, 67, 6g, 71, 72 76, 81, 83, 87, 8g.
" St. George, St. Andrew, St. Her
man," 244.
St. Germain of Auxerre, 412.
St. James, Court of, 172.
St. John's hall. New York, 68, 144,
203.
St. Lawrence, Joseph, " from Ire
land, merchant," petition to be al
lowed to carry on business in
Boston, 16.
St. Martin of Tours, 412.
St. Mary's Churchyard, Philadel
phia, 20.
St. Nicholas Society, New York,
87, 93.

482

A GENERAL INDEX .

St. Patrick, A sketch of, 4". 412.
413-
" St. Patrick's Ball," held in Balti
more (179s). 238. .
St. Patrick's Benevolent Society,
Charleston, S. C, 253, 254.
St. Patrick's Benevolent Society,
New York, 14.
St. Patrick's Benevolent Society,
PhUadelphia, 232, 234.
St. Patrick's Benevolent Society,
Providence, R. I., 265.
St. Patrick's Cathedral, Dublin,
429.
St. Patrick's Club, or Friendly
Brothers of St. Patrick, Charles
ton, S. C, 14.
St. Patrick's Day Celebration at
Valley Forge, in 1778, 12.
St. Patrick's Day: Earliest known
celebration on American soil, 5.
St. Patrick's Day (1737), Irish in
Boston organize a society on. 9,
IS, 16, 17.
St. Patrick's Day (1780), Gen.
Washington congratulates the
army in an order for, 21.
St. Patrick's Day, 1812, in Balti
more, 245.
St. Patrick's Day in Charleston,
S. C, 248.
St. Patrick's Day in Kentucky, 254.
St. Patrick's Day, " one of general
"festivity in the American army,"
23-
St. Patrick's Day (1776), The Brit
ish evacuate Boston on, 19.
St. Patrick's Day Ushered In
" With Fifes and Drums," 25, 26.
" St. Patrick " designated as a
countersign, by Washington,
in 1776, IS.
St. Patrick, Friendly Brothers of,
27, 28, 29, 33, 34.
St. Patrick Honored in 1757 at
Fort William Henry, ii; at
Fort Pitt in 1763, 11.
St. Patrick's Lodge of Masons at
Johnstown, N. Y.; 18, 19, 23;
lodge at Portsmouth, N. H., 23,
24.
St. Patrick's Society, Hartford,
Conn., 266.
St. Patrick's Society, of Albany,
N. Y., 261, 265.
St. Paul's Churchyard, New York
City, 351, 361, 401.
St. Peter's church. New York, 417.
St. Tammany and St. Patrick,
" The Sons of," 235.

Stuart, Gilbert, 416.
Stuyvesant, Peter G., a founder
of the New York Historical So
ciety, 428.
Subscription ball in Baltimore, 23g.
Suffern, Thomas, 54, 57, 68, 6g, 80,
85, 86, 87, 8g, 103, 42g.
Sullivan, James, governor of Mas
sachusetts, 42g.
Sullivan, Gen. John, Sketch of,
429.
Supreme Court of New York, 384.
Supreme Court of Tennessee, 376.
Supreme Court of the United
States, 384.
Surrender of Cornwallis, 348, 432.
Surrender of Mexico by Spain,
409.
Surrender of the British general
Burgoyne, 384.
Surrender of Yorktown, 383.
Swanton, Robert, president in 1802-
1808 of fhe New York Hibernian
Provident Society, Sketch of,
429.
" Swift and Curran," 152.
Swift's Famous Advice to Irish
men, 6.
Swift, Jonathan, dean of St. Pat
rick's Cathedral, Dublin, Sketch
of, 429.
" Swordplay there was in plenty,"
8.
Tammany and Columbian So
cieties, 324.
Tammany Hall, 63.
Tammany Monument, The, 162.
Tammany Society, Grand Sachem
of the, 121, 123.
Tammany Society, The, 124, 127,
140, 156, 160, ig7, 325, 327.
Tammany, The Sons of, 158.
Tara, The Hill of, 338.
"Tars of Columbia," The, 247.
Taylor, John, treasurer of the Hi
bernian Society, Philadelphia,
225.
Taylor, Robert, secretary of the
Hibernian Society, Philadelphia,
229. ¦
Temple, Capt. Robert, came from
Ireland in 1717 and settled at
Boston, 430.
Templeton, Oliver, of the New
York Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, 430.
Ten Eyck, Philip, 391.
"Ten guineas for the head of any
deserter from the Volunteers of
Ireland," 32.

A GENERAL INDEX

483

Tennessee Militia, The, 376.
Tennessee, State Constitution of,
376.
Tennessee, Supreme Court of, 376.
Tenth Massachusetts Volunteers,
338.
" Ten Townships," The, on the St.
Lawrence river, 351.
Tew, Charles Courtenay, colonel of
the Second Regiment, North
Carolina State troops, 251.
"That convivial spirit which ever
distinguished the true Milesian,"
46.
" That hospitality which character-
terizes the Irish nation," so.
" That political faction in America
which favored closer bonds with
Great Britain," 237.
" The banners of St. George and
of St. Andrew," 55.
"The Coffee House," conducted
by Mr. Bradford, New York
City, 45, 46.
"The Congress of '75," 263.
" The emblem of tyranny was soon
removed," 35.
" The Fair of Columbia and Hi
bernia," 109.
" The friends of Ireland, the friends
of liberty, and the friends of
man," 207.
The Gael, New York City, 236.
" The glorious memory of King
William," Toast to, 26.
The Governor, Lieut. Governor
and other oflficials attend St. Pat
rick's Day events in New York
City, 45.
' The harp, as it ought to be, un
crowned," 114, 116.
" The Harp freed from the Crown,"
152, 157-
The health of John Chambers,
Esq., our worthy president,"
346.
" The highest oflfice is held by the
son of an Irishman," 42.
" The Honorable Thomas McKean,
LL.D., Chief Justice of the Com
monwealth aforesaid " (Pennsyl
vania), 226.
"The Independence of Ireland,"
23-
"The Irish Bar," 152.
"The Irish Society," Boston; the
present Charitable Irish So
ciety, stated to have been at
first so known, 15, 272.
"The Gtave of Russell," 422.

" Their worthy friends in the king
dom of Ireland," 23.
"The last Irish harper," 15.
" The last of that devoted phalanx
who lifted upon the storm the
banner of American indepen
dence," 213.
"The memory of Orr," Toast to,
12.
"The late Pariiament of Ireland,"
III.
" The name of Clinton on the
right, and that of Emmet on the
left," 56.
Theobald Wolfe Tone— Alpha;
Robert Emmet — Omega, 167.
"The Old Coffee House," Water
St., near Wall, 49.
The newly acquired Territory of
Florida, 180.
" The outflow of Catholic Irish
men, gentlemen and peasants,"
7. 8.
" The Phil Sheridan of the Revo
lution," 216.
"The Principal Knot of the
Friendly Brothers of St. Pat
rick," 27, 28.
These (New York) Irish families
are " the cream of the cream of
the old families here," 387.
" The Rhine, the Po, and the Dan
ube," 195.
" The Spinning Wheel and the
Loom," 152, 157.
"The State of Ohio- May she
prove a second Kentucky," 114.
" "The traditions of Irish charity
and hospitality," 45.
The twenty-six original members
of the Charitable Irish Society,
Boston, Mass., 16, 17.
"The Venerable Bishop of Nor
wich," 67.
" The vent of ebullient, uncrusha-.
ble souls," 10.
"The Westward Floating Celtic
Tide," S-
" The World Republican, and God
the only King," 116.
" The wrongs of a brave and hu
mane people in their native
land," 175.
" The youth of Ireland," 61.
" Third Ave. and the Bowery," 35.
Third Battalion of Associators,
398.
Third New Hampshire Infantry,
384.

484

A GENERAL INDEX

Third New York regiment in the
Revolution, 348.
Third Pennsylvania battalion, 428.
Third Pennsylvania regiment, 217.
Third U. S. Artillery, 396.
Thomson, Charles, many years sec
retary of Congress; "the soul
of the cause of Liberty," 431.
Thompson, Gen. William, a dis
tinguished soldier of the Revo
lution, 430.
Ticonderoga, The French strong
hold of, 17, 18.
Tiernan, Luke, an eminent mer
chant of Baltimore, 241, 431.
Tilghman, Col. Tench, selected by
Washington to carry to Phila
delphia the news of CornwaUis'
surrender, 432.
" To assist unfortunate and dis
tressed natives of Ireland," 44.
Toasts to " Our Lord the King,"
12.
" To fall upon the rear guard of
the British," 216.
" To intercept the retreat of Lord
Cornwallis," 368.
" To keep ever vigorous the love
of Ireland and of the Irish char
acter," 44.
" To London and fame they drift
ed," 7.
Tompkins, Daniel D., governor of
New York; vice-president of
the United States, 123, 127, I2g,
139, 171, 197, 432-
Tone, Theobald, Wolfe, of the
United Irishmen, 167, l6g, 176,
422, 423, 432.
Tontine Coffee House, New York
City, 48, 49, so, 51, 52, g8, gg,
100, 304, 306.
Tracy, Daniel, of Newburyport,
Mass., entertains the oflficers of
Arnold's expedition against Can
ada, 433.
Tracy, Patrick, a prominent and
influential citizen of Newbury
port, Mass., 432, 433.
Treaty of Limerick, 185, 423.
Trenton, Battle of, 342, 357, 36g,
370, 419. 426, 42g, 436, 438.
Tribute to St. Patrick, at Boston
(in 1768), 15, ig.
Trinity church. New York, The
records of, 416.
Trinity College, Dublin, 39, 350,
359, 360, 400, 416, 417, 424, 429.
Tripolitan War, The, 354.

Twelfth Congress of the United
States, 135, 136.
Twenty-seventh regiment. First
battalion of the (Baltimore),
384.
" Twenty trout among the viands
specially provided," 64.
Two Celebrations of St. Patrick's
Day, mentioned as taking place
in New York City, in 1788, 46.
Ulster Ireland, 341, 345, 422, 446.
" Unburied bones of the victims
of British tyranny," 127, 128.
United Irishmen, Coming of the
banished leaders of the, 12.
United Irishmen, The, 12, 124, 212,
330, 336, 360, 361, 362, 363, 403,
409, 421, 422, 423, 424, 42s, 432.
United Irishmen, The, send an ad
dress to Scotland, 403.
" United rays of true Irish man
hood and Irish intelligence,"
The, 249.
United States, Agriculture of the,
230.
United States, Army of the, 134,
177, 184. igS. 230, 231, 232, 26g,
339-
United States Catholic Miscellany,
361.
United States, Commerce of the,
230.
United States Government, 49.
United States, Manufactures of the,
230.
United States, Military of the, igi.
United States, Militia of the, 177,
230, 231, 232.
United States Mint, 336.
United States, Navy of the, 177,
184, igs, 228, 230, 231, 232, 243,
26g.
United States, Provisional army
of the, 370, 371.
U.S.S. Chesapeake, 381.
U.S.S. Hornet, 381.
United States, The frigate, 334.
United States, The Manufacturers
of the, 243.
United States, The Senate of the,
go.
United States Supreme Court, 223,
384-
United States, The Twelfth Con
gress of the, 135, 136.
United States War Department,
Records of the, 22.
" Uniting and protecting the Irish
harp and the shield of the United
States," 56.

A GENERAL INDEX

485

University of Glasgow, 360.
University of Pennsylvania, 217,
330, 342, 363, 364, 406, 420, 438.
Ursuline Convent in Charlestown,
Mass., Destruction of, 342.
Utica Hibernian Society, 56.
Valentine's Manual, 416.
Valiancy, Gen., Sketch of, 434.
Valley Forge, American patriot
army at, 12, 20, 426.
Valley Forge, Celebration at (in
1778), 12.
Valley Forge, Disturbance at, 20.
Van Buren, Martin, 346.
Van Wyck, Pierre C, New York,
108, 124.
Verplanck, Cornelia, New York,
416.
Verplanck, Daniel C, New York,
434
Verplanck. Hon. Gulian C, New
York, Sketch of, 434.
Virginia Assembly, "The, 38g, 400.
Virginia House of Burgeses, 377.
Virginia, Irish settlers in Prince
Orange County, 38g.
Virgina Line, The, 436.
Virginia, Primogeniture abolished
in, 377-
Virginia Supreme Court of Ap
peals, 383.
Virginia, The Lewis family of, 383.
Vogde's Hotel, Philadelphia, 229.
Volunteer Convention, "The Irish,
421.
Volunteer Greens, The, of Phila
delphia, 394.
Volunteer's Journal, The, 344.
"Volunteers of Ireland," Lord
Rawdon's, 12, 13, 30, 31, 32, 33.
"Volunteers of Ireland," Many
leave the British ranks and take
refuge among the patriots, 32.
Walsh, Andrew, addresses the Hi
bernian Orphan Society, Provi
dence, R. I. (in 1843), 266.
War of 1812, 13, 237, 254, 265, 343,
37g, 388, 389, 392, 393, 394, 396,
421. 432. 438.
Warren, Admiral Sir Peter, an
Irishman, 17.
Warren, R. I., The town of, named
, in honor of an Irishman, 435.
Warren, Sir Peter, an Irishman, de
feats the French off Cape Finis
terre, 435.
" Wars of the Polish and Austrian
Successions," 8.
Washington adopted as a member

by the Friendly Sons of St. Pat
rick, Philadelphia, 221, 222, 224.
Washington, a guest of the Friend
ly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadel
phia, 222.
Washington Association, The, 23.
Washington, Catholic address to,
386.
Washington congratulates the
army in an order for St. Pat
rick's Day (1780), 21.
Washington, D. C, Celebrations in,
261, 262, 263.
Washington, D. C, The Sons of
Erin of, 263, 264, 265.
Washington designates " St. Pat
rick " as the countersign, in 1776,
15-
Washington dines with the Friend
ly Sons of St. Patrick, Philadel
phia, 12, 435.
Washington entertained by the
Tracys, of Newburyport, Mass.,
433-
Washington, Fort, 342.
Washington (George), n, 12, 15,
19, 20, 21, 35, 65, 67, 79, log, in,
113, 136, 155, 160, 164, 165, 169,
181, 184, 187, 191, 196, igg, 208,
216, 221, 222, 224, 228, 230, 234,
247, 322, 335. 342, 343, 345, 3S0,
367, 370, 371. 374, 377. 380, 381,
386, 391. 398, 399, 403. 419, 420,
428, 429, 432, 433, 435.
Washington Hall, New York, 174,
179. 183-
Washington Hotel, The, New
York, 51.
Washington issues orders for the
observance of St. Patrick's Day,
1780, 12.
Washington: James Mease surren
ders his own medal to be given
him, 221.
Washington locates at Fraunce's
Tavern, 35.
Washington, Major, a guest of the
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick,
PhUadelphia, 222, 435.
Washington, Panegyric on, 345.
Washington's reply to an address
from the Friendly Sons of St.
Patrick, Philadelphia, 221 222.
Washington, William Augustus,
435, 436.
Wasp, The U. S. S., 442-
Waterford, Ireland, 380, 408.
Wayne, Gen. Anthony, a distin
guished soldier of the Revolu
tion, Sketch of, 436.

486

A GENERAL INDEX

Weaver's Artillery, Baltimore, fires
a salute in honor of St. Patrick's
Day, 437-
Wellesley, Marquis and Marchion
ess of, 60.
"We had St. Patrick's fetes in
every manner," 18.
West Point: " A great parade this
day with the Irish" (in 1781),
331-
West Point, Americans encamped
at, 23, 331.
West Point, Celebration of the day,
at, 33, 331.
West Point, U. S. Military Acad
emy, 382.
Western Star and Harp of Erin, 138,
304-
Westward floating Celtic tide. The,
5-
Wexford, Ireland, 43, 333, 357, 406,
412.
Whelen, Rev. Michael, an Irish
Franciscan, 254.
" Wheresoever men were fighting
for independence," 237.
"Where the liberal host, Mr.
Ryan," 43-
" Wherever in Europe a true man's
sword was needed," 6.
Whitaker, Benjamin, speaker of
the Georgia House of Represen
tatives, 259.
Whitehaven, Eng., An American
force landed at, 378.
White, John Campbell, grand
father of a distinguished Mary
land lawyer, 241.

" White marble palace," The, of
William Edgar, New York, 359.
White Plains, Battle of, 370, 400.
White, Rt. Rev. Bishop, a guest of
the Hibernian Society, Philadel
phia, 232.
Wicklow, Ireland, 360, 412.
Wicklow mountains, "The, 360.
" Wild Geese," Flight of the, 8.
Wiley, Rev. Father, lectures in
1842 for the Hibernian Orphan
Society, Providence, R. I., 266.
Wilson, James, Associate Justice
of the U. S. Supreme Court, a
guest of the Philadelphia
Friendly Sons of St. Patrick, 223.
Witch Craze, The old, 214.
" With more consistent grimness of
character the Irish would have
achieved their aspirations; equal
ly it may be said that with more
grimness in them, they would
have been annihilated," 10.
" With quaint oflficials bearing sil
ver keys," 9, 16.
Woodworth, S., writes a song for
a St. Patrick's Day event, 82.
Xifre, Joseph, of Cuba; associated
with Gideon Lee and other New
York people in a business enter
prise, 382.
Yale College, 343, 373.
Yellow fever epidemic. New York,
330.
Youghal, Ireland, 417.
Young Friends of Ireland, Boston,
Mass., 14, 214.
Young Irelanders of 1848, The, 5.

AN INDEX OF NAMES

Abercrombie, Rev. Dr., 232.
Adams, John, 104, 329, 367, 390.
Adams, John Quincy, 431.
Adams, John S., 249, 252, 253, 329.
Adams, Samuel, 114, 329, 431.
Adrain, Robert, 329, 330.
Ainsworth, F. C., 22.
Alder, James, 226.
Alderchurch, Edward, 16, 17, 273,
330.
Alexander, Joseph, 55, 57, 60, 61,
95, 96, 102, 103, i8s, 330.
Alexander, Sarah W., 185, 439.
All, Capt. Isaac, 221, 330.
AUen, David, 273.
Allen, Edward, 16, 273, 330.
Alley, Saul, 104, 330.
Andrews, Mr. 203.
Anderson, Thomas, 274.
Angeli, Israel, 23, 331.
Andre, Major, 369, 380, 426, 439,
440, 446.
Andrews, David, 53, 54, 57, 79, 102,
103, 203, 357.
Andros, Gov., 357.
Arden, Dr., i8i.
Arden, J. S., 186.
Armstrong, Gen., 223, 331.
Arnold, Benedict, 433, 439, 440.
Arnold, Dr. Wm., 104.
Arnold, William, 97, 104, 331.
Arthur, George, 273.
Ash, Capt. Thomas, 274.
Astor, John Jacob, 388.
Auchmuty, Robert, 2,73, 331, .332.
Auchmuty, Robert, Jr., 274, 332.
Austen, David, 369.
Austin, Joseph, 273, 332.
Bache, Richard, 219, 223, 332.
Bailey, William, 103, 334.
Bailie, WUliam, 103, 332, 334.
Bainbridge, 247.
Baker, George, 226.
Balfour, Miss, 166, 332.
Ball, Archibald, 310, 312.
BaU, John, 274, 332.
Bangs, Samuel, 274.
Bant, Capt. John, 211, 212.
Barclay, James, 215, 226.
Barclay, John, 215, 332.

Barclay, Thomas, 215, 216, 218, 2ig,
333-
Barclay, WiUiam, 215, 333.
Bardin, 26.
Barlow, Joel, 333.
Barnard, Rev. Mr., 273.
Barnewall, George, 333.
Barnewell, George, 103, 333.
Barnewell, John, 440.
Barrett, 274, 373, 387, 394.
Barrett, George, 274.
Barron, James, 354.
Barry, George E., 182.
Barry, John, 220, 222, 223, 225, 228,
231, 333, 334, 369.
Barry, M. O., 97 334.
Barry, Patrick, 440.
Batt, Thomas, 219.
Bayard, John, 334.
Bayard, Samuel, 334.
Bayley, WiUiam, 201, 334, 382.
Beane, John, 274, 334.
Beath, John, 274.
Beaty, William, 274.
Belknap, Jeremy, 334.
Bell, John, 441.
BeU, Richard, 45.
Bell, Shubael, 39, 334, 335.
Bell, WUliam, 267.
Bennett, Thomas, 17, 274.
Berkeley, George, g, 441.
Betts, Judge, 346.
Bibby, Thomas, 97, g8, 102, 335.
Bigelow, Hon. John P., 267, 270,
335-
Bingham, Archibald, 226.
Birch, Rev. Mr., 130.
Birney, Charles H., g7, 335.
Black, Andrew, 274.
Black, Moses, 274, 335.
Black, Samuel, 274.
Blackstock, J., 8g.
BlackweU, Rev. Dr., 232.
Blaine, Ephraim, 220, 222, 235.
Blaine, James G., 335, 441.
Blake, John, 274.
Blake, Valentine, 103, 335.
Blakeley, John, 442. I'
Blakeley, Johnston, 441, 442.
Bloodgood, 340.

488

AN INDEX OF NAMES

Blood, Harris, 52, S3, 64, 68, 69,
95, 100, 103, 335.
Bohan, John, 183, 185, 335.
Boies, John, 274.
Boland, Rev. Francis, 260.
Bolivar, Gen., 187, 336.
Bolton, 27, 28.
Bonaparte, Jerome, 446.
Bond, Oliver, 336.
Boulton, George, 274, 336.
Boquet, Col., 18.
Boudinot, Elias, 222, 336.
Bourke, "Thomas, 259, 336.
Bourns, Michael, 274.
Boutwell, George S., 338.
Bowden, Henry C, 89.
Bowen, John, 336.
Bowyer, M. H., 182.
Boyd, Adam, 16, 274, 336.
Boyd, General, 313, 318.
Boyd, Hugh MacAuley, 336.
Boyd, Hugh Macawlay, 161.
Boyd, James, 11, 17, 41, 42, 43,
267, 271, 272, 273, 336.
Boyd, William, go, 104.
Boyle, John, 215, 220, 246, 337.
Boyle, M., 103.
Bozzaris, 208, 337.
Braddock, 18, 366.
Bradford, Cornelius, 337.
Bradford, M., 45, 46, 102, 337.
Bradish, Wheaton, 68, 6g, 104, 337.
Bradstreet, Col., 444.
Brady, James T., 45, g3, 337, 338.
Brady, John R., 45.
Brady, Rev. Mr., 214.
Brady, Thomas S., 144.
Brant, ig.
Braxton, Mr., 134.
Breaden, Philip, 274.
Breuchard, 34g.
Brian (Boru), 70, 263, 338.
Brice, Brig.-Maj., 21.
Briggs, George N., 338.
Briggs, Henry S., 338.
Brodar, 338.
Broderick, David C, 442.
Brooks, Horace, 415.
Brooks, Miss, 167, 170, 33g.
Broome, John, 117, 123, 127, i2g,
140, 339-
Brown, Jacob, 339.
Brown, James, 104, 339.
Brown, James C, 104, 339.
Brown, John, 225.
Brown, Joseph, 226.
Brown, Maj.-Gen., 181, 445.
Brown, Stewart, 104.
Brown, Stuart, 241.
Brown, William, 274, 339.

Brownjohn, Betty, 430.
Brownson, O. A., 273, 339.
Bruce, Wm. F., 29, 340.
Bryan, George, 231, 340.
Bryant, John, 274.
Bryar, James, 104, 340.
Bryar, Willialm, 94, 103, 340.
Bryden, James, 23g, 340.
Bryson, David, no, 112, 114, 140,
142, 143. 144, 14s, 151, 307, 308,
311, 317, 327, 340.
Bryson, Dr., 171.
Bucey, George, 274.
Buchanan, James, 56, 61, 81, 442.
Buchanan, James C., 104.
Buchanan, Jas., Jr., 57, 104.
Buchanan, J. C, 78, 85.
Buchanan, John C, 86.
Buchanan, Robert L., 104.
Bullock, Edward C, 251, 340.
Bunting, E., 166, 340, 341.
Burdick, Benjamin, Jr., 274.
Burgoyne, 35, 348, 384, 402, 426,
438.
Burk, John D., 162.
Burke, Andrew, 274, 341.
Burke, Edmund, 7, 56, 67, 70, 341.
Burke, Judge, 249.
Burke, Michael, 105.
Burke, Miles, 341.
Burke, Myles, 105, 341.
Burke, William, 260, 274, 341.
Burns, Mr., ig7.
Burr, Aaron, 370.
Burrowes, Michael, 214.
Bush, George, 104, 341.
Bushe, George, 80, 104, 341.
Butler, John, 274.
Butler, Nicholas, 274.
Butler, Richard, 220, 222, 341, 342.
Byrne, 7, ig, 40, 144, 174, i7g, 226,
310, 312, 342.
Byrne D. M., 186.
Byrne, Garrit, 144.
Byrne, M., i7g.
Byrne, Matthew, 310, 312.
Byrne, Michael, 19.
Byrne, Patrick, 226, 342.
Byrne, Rev. P., 40.
Byrne, Thomas, 7.
Byron, 354, 35g.
Cadwalader, John, 222, 342.
Cadwalader, Lambert, 2ig, 222
342.
Cain, Capt., 223.
Calback, Philip, 274.
Calderwood, Samuel, 274, 342.
Caldwell, Alexander, 274, 342.
Caldwell, Andrew, 215, 2ig, 343.

AN INDEX OF NAMES

489

Caldwell, John, 53, 60, 61, 64, 66.
68, 6g, 73, 7g, 80, 8i, 82, 84, 86,
^87, 94, 103, 107, 343, 346, 371.
Caldwell, Joseph, 56, 74.
Caldwell, Martha, 443.
Caldwell, Richard, 343.
Caldwell, Robert, 274, 343.
Caldwell, Samuel, 215, 220, 343.
CaldweU, William A., 24g.
Calhoun, J. C, 188, 343, 443.
Calhoun, Martha (Caldwell), 443.
Calhoun, Patrick, 443.
Callahan, John, 274.
Cameron, A. J., 273.
Campbell, Alexander, 274.
Campbell, Andrew, 274, 343, 344.
CampbeU, George, 215, 221, 222,
344-
Campbell, James, 274.
Campbell, John, 415.
Campbell, John H., 2ig, 223, 225.
Campbell, McCartan, 248.
Campibell, Robert, 25g.
Canning, George, 60.
Canworthy, Andrew, 274.
Carberry, James, 103.
Carberry, Thomas, 344.
Carbis, J., 103.
Carden, Mr., 167.
Carieton, Guy, 35, 344.
Carolan, 155, 156, 158, 162, 166.
Carpenter, Richard, 274.
Carr, James, 370.
Carrell, Edward, 226.
Carroll, Charles, 79, 212, 213, 345.
CarroU, John, 236, 345, 347, 407.
Carroll, Michael, 274, 345.
Carsan, 400.
Casserly, Eugene, 443.
Cassidy, Christopher, 80, 84, 86,
104.
Cassidy, William, 443.
Caulfield, James, 346.
Cavenagh, James, 274.
Chambers, John, 56, 61, 64, 69, 80,
88, 95, 96, 103, 105, 346.
Charleton, John, 346.
Charlton, John, 98, 346.
Charlton, Robert M., 259, 260.
Charlton, Thomas U. P., 259, 260.
Charters, Alexander, 85, 86, 95, 106,
346, 371-
Charters, John, 53, 54, 103, 347-
Charters, Samuel, 104.
Charters, S. M., 54, 103.
Chase, Samuel, 345.
Chauncey, 52, 55.
Cheetham, 50, 305.
Cheverus, John Louis de, 38, 39,
270, 342, 347-

Christian, Charles, 103, 305, 347.
Clancy, John, 308, 347.
Clarehue, John, 274.
Clark, Capt., 223.
Clark, James, 17, 274, 347.
Clark, John, 17, 274. 347-
Clarke, Richard H., 385.
Clay, Henry, 431.
Claypool, D. C, 358.
Cleary, Thomas, 57, 61, 96, 104, 347.
Cleland, Moses, 259, 347.
Clerke, Thomas W., 45.
Clinton, Alexander, 444.
Clinton, Charles, 348, 443, 444.
Clinton, De Witt, 57, 66, 69, 79,
103, 171, 176, 180, 196, 198, 298,
304. 305, 347, 348, 446.
Clinton, George, 8, 35, 114, 115,
117, ng, 123, 127, i2g, ig6, 322,
347, 348-
Clinton George, Jr., 124.
Clinton, James, 348, 444.
Clinton, J. B., 214.
Qinton, Sir Henry, 348, 43g.
Cluff, John, 105.
Cluskey, Charles B., 259.
Coburn, Major, 214.
Cochran, Dr. John, 220.
Cochran, Samuel, 274.
Cochrane, John, 349.
Coghlan, Mr., 175, 308, 349.
Cohen, Mordecai, 330.
Coleman, James S., 23, 349.
Colfax, Capt., 222.
Colles, Christopher, 349.
Columbus, Christopher, 180, 187.
Colman, John, 274.
Condon, Samuel, 274, 34g.
Connell, Laurence, 214.
ConneU, Patrick, 274.
Conner, Henry W., 249.
Conner, James, 249.
Conner, Patrick, 274.
Conness, John, 444.
Connor, Patrick E., 444.
Connolly, 105, 140, 214, 327, 382,
417-
ConnoUy, Bishop, 382, 417.
ConnoUy, E., 105.
Connolly, James, 327.
Connolly, Rev. P., 214.
Connor, Charles, 274.
Connor, Edmund, 274.
Connor, Fitz M. Friendly, 34, 350.
Constable, James, 98, 103, 350.
Constable, William, 45, 93, 94, 102,
221, 350, 388, 394.
Conway, Eleanor, 389, 444.
Conway, E. H., 210, 351.
Conway, Nelly, 444.

490

AN INDEX OF NAMES

Cook, Rev. Mr., 322.
Cooper, Rev. Dr., 430.
Copley, John Singleton, 16, 351.
Copley, Richard, 16.
Coppinger, John, 274, 351.
Corbitt, George S., 80, 85, g6, 104,
351.
Cornwallis, 32, 348, 368, 383, 390,
432.
Corre, Joseph, 351, 352.
Costigan, Mr., 197.
CottriU, Matthew, 274.
Courtenay, Alexander B., 352.
Courtenay, Edward, 249, 250, 251,
352.
Courtenay, James C, 352.
Courtenay, John, 249, 250, 352.
Courtenay, Lydia, 250.
Courtenay, William A., 249, 250,
253, 352.
Cowles, Henry B., 93.
Cox, Paul, 226.
Cox, Wm., 142, 144, 308, 352.
Craig, John, g8, 103, 125, 352.
Craig, S., 103.
Craig, Samuel, '352.
Craig, W-, 103.
Craig, WiUiam, 352.
Craige, J., 312.
Cranston, Alexander, 103, 353.
Craven, Gov., 440.
Crawford, James, 220, 225, 274, 353.
Crawford, John, 241.
Croghan, George, 11, 18, 353.
Crolius, Clarkson, 311, 314.
Crombie, Joseph, 24g, 353.
Cruise, Patrick R., 105.
Cromwell, 10.
Cullen, Edward, 105.
Cullen, Edward F., 353.
CuUinan, James (M.D.), 260.
Cumerford, Thomas, 274.
Cummin, "Thomas A., 104.
Cuming, Dr., 63, 144, 323.
Cumming, George, 2sg, 310, 311,
317, 318, 353-
Cumming, John, 256.
Cummings, Dr., sg, 63.
Cummings, James, 274.
Cunningham, 382, 434.
Curran, John P., 13, 56, 70, 8g, 152,
153. 206, 353, 354, 422, 425.
Curran, Sarah, 360.
Cuthbert, 115.
Cuthbertson, Samuel, 274, 354.
Daily Jeremiah, 274.
Daily, Patrick, 105.
Daily, Wm., 214.
Dalrymple, Mr., 214.
Dalton, James, 274, 354.

Dalton, John, 274.
Daly, Charles P., 354
Daly, Judge, g3.
Davenport, Mr., 40.
Davis, George, 215, 354.
Davis, Jefferson, 408.
Davis, Thomas A., 273.
Davis, William, 274, 354.
Davy, Capt., 185, 354
Dawson, Sarah A., 421.
Dawson, Walter, 421.
Dealling, William, 303.
Deane, Silas, 365.
Dearborn, Gen., 438.
Decatur, Stephen, 247, 354.
De Lancey, Oliver, 444.
De Lancey, Stephen, 435.
Delany, Sharp, 220, 223, 355.
Delany, WUUam, 355.
De Maistre, Joseph, 40.
Denman, Capt, 213.
Denman, William, 417.
Denniston, James, 105.
Derby, Michael, 274.
Devereaux, Mr., 56, 356.
Devlin, Daniel, 45.
Devlin, John, 265, 266.
Dickinson, John, 215, 218, 2ig, 355.
Dillon, Arthur, 222, 355.
DiUon, Barthelemy, 355.
Dillon, Count, 222, 355.
Dillon, G, 174. 355-
DUlon, Michael, 2Sg.
Dillon, Michael O., 2sg.
Dillon, Peter, 274.
Dillon, Robert J., 45, g3, g7, 104,
Dixon, Thomas, 56, 62, 76, 78.
355.
Dobson, Oliver L., 259, 356.
Dolan, John T., 73, 80, 85, 86, 104,
341, 3S6.
Dongan, Thomas, 25, 356, 357.
Donahoe, Patrick, 214, 356.
Donaldson, Robert, 80, 84, 85, 356.
Donnaldson, Hugh, 357.
Donnaldson, John, 231, 357.
Donovan, William, 144.
Dooley, Andrew, 144.
Doran, James, 6g, 357.
Doran, James, Jr., 61, 74, 210, 213.
Doran, Mr., 61, 74.
Dore, John, 104, 357.
Dorus, Hugh, 274.
Dougherty, James, 274.
Dougherty, Walter, 274.
Downes, Commodore, 43.
Downing, James, 274.
Dowse, Samuel, 274.
Downing, Thomas, 357.
Doyle, Bishop, 67, 357.

AN INDEX OF NAMES

491

Doyle, Col., 31.
Doyle, Dennis H., 104, 105, 125,
310, 312, 317, 318, 358.
Doyle, John, 104, 358.
Doyle, Peter, 274.
Driscoll, Thomas M., 25g.
Drummond, WiUiam, 16, 274.
Drummond, Rev. Mr., 40.
Duane, James, 445.
Duer, John, 361.
Duncan, George, 274.
Duncan, Robert, 16, 274.
Dunn, Bernard, 105, 358.
Dunn, David, 274.
Dunlap, Andrew, 40, 275, 358.
Dunlap, Andrew, Jr., 275.
Dunlap, James, 275.
Dunlap, John, 40, 220, 358.
Dunlap, WUUam, 358.
Dunning, William, 274.
Dunworth, Henry, 274.
Du Pont, Charles I., 233.
Eagle, Henry, 125, 358.
Eaton, William B., 275, 35g.
Eccleston, Edward, 73, 74, 80, 85,
86, 104, 3sg.
Ecuyer, Capt. S., 18.
Edgar, H. L., 3Sg.
Edgar, WiUiam, g7, 98, 102, 103,
275. 359-
Edgeworth, Maria, 157, 359.
Edgeworth, Richard L., 359.
Edwards, Maj., 21.
Egart, James, 16, 275.
Elder, Robert, 275.
Eliot, Samuel A., 267, 268, 273, 359.
EUiot, Simon, 38, 39, 275, 360.
Elliot, Simon, Jr., 275, 360.
Ellison, Samuel, 275.
EUwanger, George, 440.
Emmet, Robert, 104, 153, 160, 162,
165, 167, 169, 171, 172, 181, 184.
187. 196. 203, 208, 235, 237. 253,
263, 354, 360, 361, 371, 422, 425-
Emmet, Thomas Addis, 12, 45, 58,
^, 84, 103, 160, 177, 196, 212, 262,
305, 336, 346, 360, 361, 388, 421,
437-
England, John, 256, 260, 361.
English, Thomas, 38, 39, 275, 361.
Ennis, Thomas, 105.
Erskine, WUliam, 220, 362.
Ervhine, Robert, 275.
Espada, J. M., 186.
Evans, George, 222.
Everett, Edward, 267, 268, 269, 362.
Fairfield, John, 378.
Fairbanks, Stephen, 267, 26g.
Fales, Thomas H., 214.

Farquhar, George, 362.
Farmar, "Thomas, 123.
Farrel, John, 275.
FarreU, Ambrose, 267.
Fellows, Mr., 137.
Fenwick, Benedict Joseph, 40, 43,
362, 363-
Feran, Mark, 275.
Fergus, Owen, 275.
Ferguson, George, 275.
Ferrall, Patrick, 226
Field, Edward, 23.
Field, John, 275.
Fillmore, 37g.
Fink, John, 303.
Finlay, William, 225.
Finney, James, 370.
Fisher, Mrs., 367.
Fitzgerald, Edward, 155, 165, 171,
176, 197, 362, 363, 425.
Fitzgerald, James, D., 214.
Fitzgerald, Lewis, 275.
Fitzgerald, William, 363.
Fitzgerald, William G., 97.
FitzGerald, R. A., 68, 96, 102, 104,
363-
Fitzgibbon, Patrick, 275.
Fitzpatrick, Edward, 254.
Fitzpatrick, Rev. Mr., 266.
Fitzpatrick, Rt. Rev. J. B., 273.
Fitzsimmons, Thomas, 363.
FitzSimons, Thomas, 215, 223, 224,
231. 363-
Flack, John, 83, 89.
Fleming, John) 80, 104, 341, 364.
Fleming, Samson, 97.
Flemming, Sampson, 102, 364.
Fletcher, Capt. P., 275.
Flynn, Patrick, 214.
Foley, James, 186, 364.
Foley, John, 275.
Foot, John, 104.
Foot, Thomas, 308, 312, 313, 364.
Foote, Thomas, 125, 364.
Forrest, James, 275.
Forsyth, John, 81.
Fowler, Joseph, 6g, 72, 81, 8g.
Fox, Edward, 226, 228.
Fox, John, 105.
Fox, Robert, 178, 196.
Francis, Tench, 215, 219, 223, 364.
Francis, Turbutt, 215, 219, 364.
FrankUn, 109, in, 113, 283, 364.
Freeland, James, 275, 365.
Freeland, William, 16, 275, 365.
Freeman, Robert, 275.
French, Nicholas, 275.
French, William, 275.
Fuller, Benjamin, 215, 220, 365.
Fullerton, George, 215, 365.

492

AN INDEX OF NAMES

FuUington, John, 275, 365-
Fulton, 241, 244.
Gaine, Hugh, 45, 365, 39i-
Gallagher, Simon F., 249, 252, 365.
Galt, 56.
Gamble, Archibald, 223, 366.
Gamble, Thomas, 366.
Gardiner, 37, 366.
Gardner, James, 275.
Gardner, Robert, 38, 275, 366.
Gardner, Capt. "Timothy, 245.
Garfield, President, 441.
Gaston, 356.
Gates, Gen., 121, 366, 428.
Gates, Horatio, 366.
Geoghegan, Michael, 275.
Gerry, Elbridge, 139, 366.
Gerry, John, 275.
Getty, Dr., 144.
Getty, Robert, 275.
Gibbs, Daniel, 16, 275.
Gibson, Dr., 102.
Gibson, John, 104.
Gilbert, Garrit, 175, 178, 366.
GiU, Thomas, 273.
GiUelan, E. H., 104.
Gillespie, Archibald, 275.
Gilliland, WiUiam, 249.
Gilmore, Joseph, 275.
Gleeson, William, 40, 366.
Glen, George, 16, 275.
Glen, Robert, 275.
Glover, Edward, 367.
Glover, John, 103, 329, 367.
Goldsmith, Oliver, 7, 160, 367.
Gordon, Thomas Knox, 248, 367.
Gormon, John, 275.
Gradon, John, 275.
Graham, Bernard, 104.
Graham, David, 367.
Graham, David, Jr., 105, 367.
Graham, John, 61, 62, 69, 72.
Grant, Daniel, 238, 340, 367.
Grant, Thomas, 275.
Grasse, Count de, 172, 367.
Grattan, E., 84, 105, 368.
Grattan, Henry, 56, 70, 89, 171, 227,
346, 368, 407.
Gray, Andrew, 54, 103, 105, 368.
Gray, Gen., 439.
Greene, H. B. C, 270.
Greene, Nathaniel, 30, 368, 369, 410.
Greenleaf, Mr., 280.
Greg, 434
Grey, I., 310.
Griffin, John, 275.
Griffin, Martin I. J., 20, 369.
Grinnel, 67.
Guernsey, R. S., 393.
Habersham, Alexander W., 369.

Habersham, Richard W., 259, 260,
369.
Hadden, David, 81.
Hagan, John, 78, 369.
Haggerty, Clement, 370.
Haggerty, John, 105, 369, 370. .
Haggerty, John A., 370.
Haggerty, Ogden, 105, 370.
Haggerty, J. Ogden, 370.
Haggerty, William, 370.
HaU, William, 275.
Halliday, Robt., 56.
Halsey, Edmund D., 23.
Hamilton, Alexander, 223, 339, 370.
Hamilton, Frederick, 275.
Hamilton, Michael, 214.
Hamilton, William, 215.
Hancock, 390.
Hand, Edward, 221, 223, 225, 231,
370, 371-
Harden, Geo., 104, 371.
Hardenbrook, 323.
Harford, Charles, 317.
Hardy, 229, 273.
Harper, John, 275, 371.
Harison, George, ig.
Harrison, Benjamin, 441.
Harrison, Hannah, 431.
Harrison, James, 202.
Harrison, President (ist), 431.
Hart, George, 254, 371.
Hartigan, Betsy, 416.
Hartigan, Dr., 416.
Hartley, 32.
Harvey, Jacob, 64, 68, 6g, 86, 87,
371-
Haslet, 233, 234, 371.
Haslett, John, 371.
Haslett, Joseph, 371.
Hawley, Gov., 220.
Hays, James, 144, 372.
Hayes, James, 125.
Healy, Rev. Mr., 40.
Heaney, 372.
Heatly, Charles, 225, 372.
Heeney, Cornelius, 80, 85, 86, 125,
372.
Henchman, Dr., 270.
Henry, Alexander, 226, 234, 372.
Herford, C. Charles, 130, 325, 372.
Hicks, 33, 215, 372.
¦ Hicks, WiUiam, 215, 372.
Hildreth, 6.
Hill, Charles, 275.
Hill, Henry, 215, 218, 2ig, 220, 223,
372.
Hill, John, 105.
Hill, Lawrence, 214.
HiU, Robert, 275.
Hill, William, 94, 98, 102, 373.

AN INDEX OF NAMES

493

Hobart, John S., 373.
Hobart, Judge, 190, 373.
Hoche, 432.
Hogan, M., 103, 373, 374.
Hogan, Michael, 373, 374.
Hogan, Robert, 45, 97, 104, 373.
Hoguet, Henry L., 45.
Holden, S., 166.
HoUand, J. C, 78.
Holmes, Andrew, 275.
Holmes, Hugh, 225, 226, 374, 418.
Holmes, William, 275.
Hone, PhUip, 69, 72, 76, 77, 81, 374.
Hoog, John, 275.
Hopkins, Matthew, 259.
Hopkinson, Francis, 374.
Hopkinson, Judge, 222, 374.
Houghton, 364,
Howard, Col., 223.
Howard, Rev. Dr., 38.
Howard, Samuel, 275.
Howe, 2ig, 221, 222, 334, 348, 37i,
374. 447-
Howland, C. J., 214.
Hubley, Adam, 360.
Hubley, Rosina, 360.
Hughes, James, 275.
Hughes, WiUiam, 266.
Hull, 2g.
Humbert, Jonas, 374.
Humbert, Jonas, Jr., 183, 184, 185,
374.
Humphreys, Col., 222.
Humphreys, David, 374. 375-
Hunter, Alexander, 25g.
Hunter, Henry, 275.
Hunter, James, 24g, 2Sg, 375.
Hunter, John, 2Sg, 275.
Hunter, WUUam, 24g, 375.
Hunter, Wimberly J., 25g.
Hutchins, Matthew, 275.
Hyde, Thomas, 214.
Ingham, Charles, 57, 104, 375.
Ingoldsby, Felix, 104, 375.
Irvine, B., 174, 182, 375.
Irvine, Callender, 233, 375.
Irvine, William, 220, 375.
Irwin, Matthew, 225.
Iselin, 242.
Iturbide, 409.
Jackson, Andrew, 36, 40, 41, 42, 43,
58, 60, 65, 67, 8g, 160, 187, 199,
231, 232, 270, 308, 376, 419, 433,
436, 442, 447.
Jackson, Daniel, 105, 377.
Jackson, Francis J., 49, So, 131-
Jackson, George, 105.
Jackson, Henry, 109.
Jackson, Henry R., 260.
Jackson, Patrick Tracy, 433-

Jackson, Thomas, 105.
James, John, 377.
James, John W., 273.
James, William, 57, 104, 377.
James, William, Jr., 68, 69, 377.
Janeway, 315.
Jarvis, Mr., 93.
Jasper, Margaret, 414.
Jay, John, 377, 384-
Jay, Pierre, 377.
Jefferson, Thomas, 79, 114, 115,
117, ng, 123, 127, i2g, 132, 136,
139. 141. 152. 155, 159, 164. i6s.
i6g, 181, 188, 196 217, 223, 224,
244. 247, 28s, 377, 383, 389, 393,
432.
Jennings, Mr., 81.
Jephson, William H., 103.
Johnson, Francis, 22.
Johnson, Guy, ig, 377.
Johnson, Thomas, 275.
Johnson, WiUiam, 17, 18, ig, 275,
377, 435-
Johnston, Francis, sg.
Johnston, John, 77.
Jones, chancellor, 361.
Jones, Gen., 31.
Jones, John Paul, 216, 377, 378.
Judah, Naphali, 186, 378.
Kalb, Baron de, 378, 381.
Kane, Elias, 388.
Kane, William, 104.
Kavanagh, Edward, 43, 378.
Kean, Edmund, 380.
Kearney, Daniel, 211, 378.
Keating, Ambrose, 214.
Keating, James, 270.
Keble, John, 22g, 231.
Keith, John, 103.
Kelly, Dennis S., 308, 378.
Kelly, Eugene, 45.
Kelly, John, 98, 103, 214, 275.
Kelly, " Old Master," 414, 43g.
Kelly, Robert, 105.
Kelly, Timothy, 275.
Kelly, William, 45, 105.
Kemp, Dr., 103.
Kemp, James, 379.
Kendrick, 426.
Kenna, Charles M., 253.
Kennedy, Anthony, 242.
Kennedy, Bernard, 322, 379.
Kennedy, David, 275.
Kennedy, John, 242, 275.
Kennedy, John Pendleton, 242,
379-
Kennedy, Robert, 275.
Kent, Chancellor, 346.
Kernan, William, 445.
Kernochan, Joseph, 379.

494

AN INDEX OF NAMES

Kingsley, Samuel, 226.
Kinnicutt, Thomas, 43-
Kirwan, Walter Blake, ISS. 379-
Kitchen, Mr., 22g.
Knowles, James Sheridan, 87, 8g,
379, 380.
Knox, Adam, 275, 380.
Knox, Andrew, 16, 275, 380.
Knox, Henry, 17, 35, 275, 380.
Knox, Henry J., 380.
Knox, Robert, 275, 380.
Knox, William, 275, 380.
Knyphausen, Gen., 31.
Kosciuszko, 375.
Kyle, Jeremiah, 105, 380.
Kyle, Joseph, 105.
Kyle, WiUiam, 54, 60, 64, 67, 102,
103.
Ladley, John, 276.
Lafayette, 7g, 82, 172, 197, 204, 350,
433-
Lambert, Charles, 83, 104, 381.
Langton, Laurence, 211.
Langton, Lawrence, 381.
Lardner, John, 221.
Latimer, George, 231, 381.
Laurence, 386.
Laverty, Hemy, 103, 381.
Lawler, Thomas, 275.
Lawless, Mr., 188.
Lawton, Alexander R., 260.
Lawrence, Eflfingham N., 374.
Lawrence, James, 381.
Lea, Thomas, 225.
Leahy, Henry, 276.
Leamy, John, 226.
Lee, Arthur, 365.
Lee, Gen., 430.
Lee, Gideon, 81, 382.
Lee, Michael, 276.
Lee, Rev. Fr., 265.
Lee, Stephen, 275.
Leech, John, 243, 382.
Lemoine, Stephen P., 174, 179, 181,
183, 186, 382.
Le Roy, Hermany, 382.
Leslie, Peter, 276.
Leslie, Samuel, 276.
Levins, 56, sg, 61, 63, 65, 67, 78, 81,
82, 87, 89, 382.
Lewis, Andrew, 383.
Lewis, Charles, 383.
Lewis, John, 383.
Lewis, John F., 383.
Lewis, Joseph, 27.=;.
Lewis, Lunsford L., 383.
Lincoln, Benjamin, 383.
Lincoln, Gen., 222, 383.
Lincoln, Levi, 129.
Linehan, John C, 383, 384.

Linn, James, 276.
Lithgow, Col., 404.
Little, Alexander, 276.
Little, John, 16, 275.
Livingston, Henry B., 384.
Livingston, Judge, 194, 384.
Livingston, Robert, 445.
Livingston, R. R., 401.
Livingston, Sarah, 377.
Logan, Patrick, 276.
Longworth, 341, 365, 359. 374. 379.
389. 427-
Loughlen, Joseph, 266.
Low, Cornelius, 448.
Low, Sally, 448.
Lowry, William, 238, 384.
Luquer, 386.
Luzerne, 222, 384.
Lynch, Dominick, 45, 98, 103, 385,
386, .387.
Lynch, Gen., 102, 104.
Lynch, James, 386.
Lynch, Jane, 385.
Lynch, Rev. Fr., 267.
Lynch, Thomas, Jr., 8, 387.
Lynch, Ulysses, 215, 218, 387.
Lynsen, 394.
Lyons, James, 3ig.
MacAuley, 336.
Macaulay, 359.
Macdonough, 232, 387.
Mackenzie, A. S., 439.
Mackay, William, 36, 276, 387.
Mackay, William, Jr., 38, 276.
Mackey, John, 40, 276.
Macmurphy, John, 276, 388.
Macneven, WUliam J., 45, 63, 103,
121, 160, 174, 17s, 178, ig6, 203,
204, 205, 2og, 213, 262, 291, 305,
336, 346, 360, 366, 388, 437-
Macomb, Alexander, 93, 102, 350,
351. 388.
Macomb, John N., 103, 389.
Macomb, WiUiam H., 389.
Macrary, 155.
Madden, T., 185.
Madison, James, I3g, 343, 348, 38g,
400, 432, 444.
Magee, James, 39, 79, 84, gs, 104,
106, 276, 365, 38g.
Maginness, Edward, 211, 212, 38g.
Magner, John, 276, 38g.
Magrath, William, 253, 3go.
Magwood, Simon, 249, 3go.
Mahon, Charles, I7g, 197, 3go.
Mahoney, Mr., 38.
Maitland, 386.
Malcolm, Daniel, 276, 3go.
Malcolm, Michael, 276.

AN INDEX OF NAMES

495

Malcolm, Thomas, 253, 390.
Malcom, Thomas A., 249.
Mansfield, John, 276.
Marion, Francis, 32. 390.
Marlow, Nicholas, 260.
Maroney, William, 276.
MarshaU, 25, 27, 383, 390.
Martin, Samuel, 128, 167.
Mason, 383.
Matignon, Abbe, 38, 3g, 347, 3gi.
Matignon, Francis A., 38, 3g.
Matthews, James, 104.
Maturin, Charles R., 391.
Maturin, Edward, 3gi.
Maunsell, Elizabeth, 391.
Maunsell, John, 391.
Maxwell, Matthew, 104.
Mayers, Alexander, 276.
Mayes, James, 16, 276.
M'Beath, Alexander, 310, 311, 312.
M'Beth, Alexander, 125, 392.
M'Cartin, Owen, 186.
M'Clenachan, Blair, 220, 222, 225,
M'Clure, Major, 135, 137, 313, 317,
M'Cluskey, William, 186, 394.
M'Cosker, Owen, 214.
M'Creary, 171.
M'Creery, 294.
M'DonneU, James J., 144.
M'Donnell, John J., 313.
M'Donough, Peter, 308.
M'Donogh, Thomas, 276.
M'Gonigle, Peter, 308.
M'Kay, WUliam P., 267, 273.
M'Keon, James, 174, 308.
M'Keon, Lieut., 182, 186, 188.
M'Keon, P., 396.
M'Kinley, John, 310, 315, 317, 319.
M'Kittrick, Thomas, 310, 318.
M'Namara, John, 40.
M'Pherson, Major, 221, 222.
McAllister, Matthew Hall, 260,
391. 392-
McAUister, Samuel, 104.
McBath, A., 137.
McBride, James, 83, 85, 88, 104,
106, 392.
McCadden, Henry, go.
McCafferty, Patrick, 21X, 3g2.
McCarroU, 276.
McCarthy, Denis, 74, 80, 81, 85,
103, 305, 392-
McCartin, Owen, 186, 3g2.
McCarty, Charles, 103, 392-
McCarty, Dennis, 73, 194-
McCleary, John, 276.
McClelland, John, 226.
226, 392, 393, 428.
McClennehan, Rev. W., 276.

McClure, Francis, 393.
McClure, James, 226.
McClure, John, 393, 394.
318, 324, 326.
McClure, William, 276, 394.
McComb, J. W., 103.
McConnell, James, 103, 394.
McCordey, Robt., 276.
McCormick, Daniel, 44, 55, 59, 66,
69, 74, 78, 83, 92, g3, g4, 95, 96, 97,
t, g8, 102, 351, 388 394
McCormick David, 226, 394.
McCormick, Robert, 38, 395.
McCrea, James, 226.
McCreery, John, 166.
McCrillis, James, 276.
McDaniel, Hugh, 276.
McDaniel, Thomas, 276.
McDonald, WiUiam, 201, 202.
McDonneU, WiUiam, 201, 202, 349,
426.
McDonough, Malachi, 395.
McDougaU, Alexander, 395.
McDougall, Gen., 222.
McElderry, Thomas, 241.
McEvers, Charles, 395.
McEvers, Gulian, 103, 395.
McEvers, James, 395.
McFaden, James, 276.
McFall, Daniel, 16.
McFfall, Daniel, 276.
McGee, Bernard, 276.
McGinnis, Margaret, 405.
McGloin, Edward, 104.
McGloin, John, 90.
McGonigle, Peter, 395.
McGowing, Lodowic, 276.
McGrath, Daniel, 105, 395.
McHord, James, 276.
McHugli, Terence, 273.
Mclntire, NeiU, 276, 3g6.
Mclntire, WiUiam, 276.
Mcintosh, Gen., 222.
Mcintosh, Lachlan, 396.
Mclntyre, Andrew, 276.
McKean, Thomas, 222, 225, 226,
396.
McKeon, Capt, 135, 140, 143, 177,
178, 183, 185, 186, 188, ig6, 325,
396-
McKeon, James, 325, 3g6.
McKeon, John, 396, 445.
McKibben, Dr., 105.
McKinley, John, 125, 213, 397.
McLane, John, 276, 397.
McLaughlin, John, 226, 260.
McLaughlin, Peter, 105, 397.
McMann, 276.
McNeil, Adam, 276.
McNeil, Archibald, 276, 397.

496

AN INDEX OF NAMES

McNeill, Daniel, 38, 276, 397-
McNeil, Robert, 276, 397-
McNeill, John, 276.
McNeill, William, 276, 397.
McPhiUiney, Hugh, 276.
McShane, 228, 22g.
McVickar, John, g7, g8, 103, 3g7,
398-
McVickar, Nathan, 51, 95, 100, 306,
397, 398-
Meade, Garrett, 3g8.
Meade, George, 215, 216, 222, 226,
363, 398.
Meade, Robert, 398.
Mease, James, 215, 218, 219, 220,
221, 398.
Mease, John, 215, 216, 220, 398.
Mease, Matthew, 215, 216, 398, 39g.
Meen, J. G, 84.
Menchin, Edward, 276.
Mercer, 222, 431, 436.
Meredith, Samuel, 2ig, 223, 3gg.
Messer, Mr., 303.
Miflflin, G. H., 364.
Miflfiin, Thomas, 223, 3gg.
Miles, William, 8g.
Millar, Jesse, 104.
MUler, David, 276.
Miller, James, 104.
Miller, Samuel, 276.
Miller, William, 276.
MUler, Zachariah H., 25g, 3gg.
Mills, George, 182.
Milton, 158.
Minchin, Ann, 411.
Mitchell, D. B., 25g, 3gg.
Mitchell, Doctor, 124.
Mitchell, John, 215, 216, 220, 3gg,
400.
Mitchell, Randle, 215, 400.
Mitchell, WiUiam, 215, 218, 400.
Moffat, Mr., 167, 2g4.
Molony, Thomas, 276.
Molyneux, William, 243.
MoUoney, John, 276.
Monroe, James, ig4, 343, 400, 443.
Montesquieu, 243, 400.
Montgomery, J., 52, gs, 100, 103,
401.
Montgomery, J. B., 57, 61, gs, 96,
104, 106, 401.
Montgomery, John, 276, 401.
Montgomery, John B., 106.
Montgomery Richard, 35, 56, in,
113. ISS, 170, 177. 181, 187, ig7,
199, 208, 213, 233, 235, 243, 247,
270, 281, 308, 322, 327, 348, 400,
401, 439-
Mooney, P., 214.
Moony, John, 276.

Moor, Samuel, 16.
Moore, David, 276.
Moore, Major, 222.
Moore, Patrick, 225, 226.
Moore, Robert, 125, 241.
Moore, Samuel, 276.
Moore, Thomas, 13, 56, 70, 83, 167,
182, 263, 360, 391, 401.
Moore, WiUiam, 276.
Moorehead, John, 103, 401.
Moorhead, Alexander, 276.
Moorhead, John, 73, 74. 79. 83, 85.
89, 96, 276, 401.
Morel, "Thomas N., 259.
Morgan, 191, 341, 410.
Morgan, Lady, 410.
Morgan, Thomas C, 410.
Morris, Andrew, 103, 402.
Morris, Gouverneur, 350.
Morris, Robert, 215, 218, 350, 402.
Morrison, John, 105, 317, 325, 402.
Mortimer, James, 276.
Mortimer, Philip, 16, 276.
Morton, Andrew, no, 402.
Morton, Doctor, 125.
Morton, Marcus, 338.
Morton, "Thomas, 276.
Morton, Walter, ng, 144, 310, 311,
313. 314 317, 320.
Morton, Wiliam, 276.
Moses, M., 2og.
Mostan, 223.
Mosquera, 6g.
Motley, Patrick, 276.
Moultrie, Gen., 222, 402.
Moultrie, William, 402.
Moylan, Bishop, 361, 403.
Moylan, Jasper, 225, 226, 403.
Moylan, John, 403.
Moylan, Stephen, 215, 216, 2ig,
223, 224, 403, 407.
Moyston, Edward, 223.
Muhlenberg, Frederick A., 403.
Muhlenberg, John P. G, 403.
Muir, John, 311, 403, 404.
Mulden, Michael, 57, 62, 78.
Muldon, Michael, gs, 102, 103, 404.
Muldoon, Michael, 102.
MuUan, 218.
MuUany, James, 122, 404.
Mullen, John, 105.
Murphy, John, 170.
Murphy, Thomas, 105.
Murphy, William, 3og, 310, 311,
312, 313, 314. 315. 316, 317. 318,
3ig. 320, 404.
Murray, Ham, 105, 404.
Murray, Hamilton, 404.
Murray, J., 103,

AN INDEX OF NAMES

497

Murray, John, 38, 276, 401, 404,
405-
Murray, Margaret (McGinnis), 405.
Murray, Matthew, 276.
Murray, Robert, 405.
Murray, Thomas Hamilton, 23,
405-
Nanry, Charles M., 97, 405.
Nash, John, 277.
Neal, Daniel, 16, 276.
Neif, M. A., 214.
Neil, Thomas, 38, 276.
NeUson, 422.
Nelson, 276, 383.
Nelson, James, 276.
Nesbitt, John Maxwell, 215, 218,
2ig, 222, 225, 406.
Nevitt, John, 2Sg.
Niblo, John, 104, 406.
Niblo, W., 52, 406.
Nichols, Col. Francis, 231.
Nichols, Samuel, 104, 406.
Nicholson, Capt., 220.
Nicholson, Commodore, 273.
Nicholson, John, 53, 103, 104, 231.
Nixon, John, 217, 363, 406.
Nixon, Richard, 408.
Noble, Arthur, 276.
Noble, John, 16.
Noon, Major, 177.
Noonan, James, 276.
North, Capt., 186.
Norton, 386.
Nugent, John, 276.
Nugent, Neale, 246, 337.
O'Brien, Dennis W., 40, 268.
O'Brien, Francis, 105.
O'Brien, Honora, 407.
O'Brien, M. M., 226, 407.
O'Brien, Rev. Mr., 273.
O'Brien, WiUiam, 105.
O' CaUahan, Daniel, 267, 270.
O'Carolan, Turlough, 344, 407-
O'Connell, Daniel, 13, 65, 189, 204,
211, 266, 26g, 407, 408.
O'ConneU, Patrick, 266.
O'Connor, Capt, 103.
O'Connor, John M., 445-
O'Connor, M. P., 24g.
O'Connor, Thomas, 186, 408.
O'Conor, Charles, 391. 4o8, 445-
O'Conor, Thomas, 445-
O'Donnell, Rev. Jaraes H., 266,
408.
O'Donnell, Capt. John, 242, 408.
O'Donohu, Don Juan, 188, 408,
4og.
O'Donoghue, 202.
O'DriscoU, Cornelius, 253, 4og-
O'DriscoU, Daniel M., 252, 4og-
32

O'Flaherty, 3g, 40. 409-
O'Gorman, Richard, 45.
O'Halloran, 7-
O'Hara, Gen., 362.
O'Keefe, George A., 174, 181, 183,
184, 185, 409.
O'Neale, John, 309, 310, 311, 312,
313, 314 315, 316, 317, 318, 3ig,
320 4og.
O'Neil, Felix, 104.
O'Neil, Francis, 186, 4og.
O'Neil, Patrick, 214.
O'Neill, Bernard, 24g.
O'NeUl, Jeremiah F., 260.
O'Reilly, Patrick, 247.
O'Reily, Alexander, 417.
O'Rielly, Henry, 446.
Ogden, David B., 346.
Ogilvie, Capt, 135, 140.
Oliver, John, 62, 84, 242, 409.
Osborn, Samuel, 79, 80, 85, 86, 88.
Osborne, Alexander, 246, 410.
Osborne, Samuel, 96, 97, 104, 410.
Orr, Isaac, 276.
Orr, William, 12, no, 165, 172, 184,
4og.
Ossian, 156, 410.
Otis, 3go.
Owenson, Miss, 156, 410.
Owenson, Robert, 410.
Paine, Thomas, ig7, 410, 411.
Pakenham, Lord, 376.
Palfray, Warwick, 214, 411.
Palmer, T. F., 311, 404, 4ii-
Parish, 172.
Park, David, 105.
Parker, James, 365.
Parkman, Daniel, 270.
Parks, John, 103.
Parnell, Thomas, 411,
Parsons, James, 248, 367.
Patterson, Elizabeth, 242, 446.
Patterson, M. C, 337-
Patterson, Robert S., 105.
Patterson, Samuel, 249, 413.
Patterson, William, 242, 308, 413,
446.
Patton, John, 220, 222, 413.
Patton, William, 277.
Paulding, John, 440, 446.
Pelham, Henry, 277, 413.
Pelham, Peter, 16, 277, 3S1, 4I3-
Pell, Col., 181.
Penn, John, 413.
Penn, Richard, 372, 413.
Penn, WiUiam, 414.
Pepperc' , Gen., 435.
Perry, 52. 185, 232, 414, 439-
Perry, Christopher, 439.
Perry, Oliver Hazard, 439, ¦, ,

498

AN INDEX OF NAMES

Perry, Sarah (Alexander), 43g.
Persse, Dudley, 68, 69, 73, 74, 77,
80, 83, 85, 86, 87. 88, 91, 96, 97,
104, 415-
Peterson, Jacob, 319, 4i5-
Phelan, D., 415-
Phelan, John, 103, 415.
Phepoe, Thomas, 248.
Phillips, 182.
Phister, Alexander, 103.
Pierpont, Rev. Mr., 267.
Pihoe, John, 277.
Pike, Mr., 214.
Pinckney, Henry L., Jr., 254.
Pitt, William, 19, 415.
Plowden, 156, 172, 415, 416.
Polin, Rev. Mr., 214.
Polk, James K., 442, 446, 447.
Pollock, Carlisle, 416.
Pollock, George, g4, 102, 416.
Pollock, Hug'h, 416.
Pollock, Oliver, 226, 417.
Ponsonby, George, 171, 417.
Porter, Andrew, 226.
Porter, Commodore, 232.
Powel], James W., 105.
Power, John, 45, 104, 203, 206, 207,
417-
Power, Thomas, 2g6, 2g7.
Powers, Edmund, 277.
Poyntz, John, 277.
Preble, Edward, 243, 417, 418.
Prescott, Col., 41.
Price, Michael, g8, 103, 418.
Prince, Christopher, g4, 418.
Pringle, 386.
Proctor, Thomas, 225.
Putnam, Gen., 374.
Pyke, Alexander, 308, 418.
Pynsent, William, 415.
Quailes, Charles, 277.
Quig, John, 277.
Quigley, Edward, 2Sg.
Quin, Edward C, i8g.
Quincy, Josiah, Jr., 267, 270, 273,
418.
Quinn, John, 105.
Rabun, WiUiam, 2Sg.
Rahl, 371.
Rainey, Robert, 226, 418.
Ramsay, 7, 418, 4ig.
Ramsey, James, 241.
Randolph, John, 60, 4ig.
Raney, John, 277.
Rantoul, Robert, Jr., 270, 4ig.
Ray, Arthur, 202.
Rawdon, 12, 13, 30, 31, 32, 33, 419.
Read, George, 419.
Read, James, 419.
Read, Thomas, 214, 419.

Reardon, Patrick, 277.
Redmond, Ignatius, 125, 126, 310,
311, 313, 317. 318. 319. 420.
Redmond, WiUiam, 104, 420.
Reed, 220, 221, 222, 419, 420, 438.
Reed, Joseph, 420.
Reed, Thomas, 419.
Reid, Andrew, 277.
Reid, D., 103.
Reily, James, 40.
Rendon, Don F., 220.
Renshaw, Mr., 229.
Reyburn, James, 97, 420.
Rice, C. C, 420.
Rice, G. C, 104, 420.
Rice, Thomas D., 259, 260.
Richardson, AbigaU, 357.
Richardson, Joseph, 277.
Richardt, Samuel, 223.
Richey, Francis, 277.
Riddle, John, no, 420.
Ridgway, 386.
Riker, E., 130.
Riley, Mr., 294.
Rivington, James, 28, 29, 420.
Roach, Moses, 277.
Roach, Thomas, 93, 97, 102, 420.
Robinson, Edward, 89.
Robinson, James E., 249.
Robinson, Thomas, 222, 420.
Rochambeau, Count de, 172, 421.
Roche, Richard W., 40.
Rodgers, 170, 245, 247, 421.
Rogers, S. J., 214.
Roome, Mr., 315.
Ross, James, 277, 421.
Rotch, Moses, 277.
Roubalet, 34, 350.
Rowan, Archibald Hamilton, 78,
8g, 403, 421. 422.
Rowe, Matthew, 277.
Rugely, Major, 32.
Rusk, John, 211, 213, 422.
Russel, III, 155, ig6, 422.
RusseU, Thomas, 422.
Rutgers, Henry, 160, 422.
Rutledge, Edward, 8, 248, 24g, 423.
Rutledge, John, 8, 248, 423.
Rutledge, WiUiam, 103, 423.
Rutherford, Robert, 105, 422.
Ryan, Kennedy, 277.
Ryan, N. W., 214.
Sagar, 140, 326.
Saidlei;, Henry, 98, 103.
Salmon, George, 241.
Sampson, William, 104, 160, ig7,
204, 205, 213, 346, 423.
Sarsfield, Patrick, 6, 185. 423.
Savage, Isaac, 277.
Savage, Richard, 214.

AN INDEX OF NAMES

499

Savage, Robert, 277.
Schuyler, Gertrude, 349.
Schuyler, Philip, 384.
Scott, Gen., 232, 424.
Scott, John, 277.
Scott, Matthew, 277.
Scott, Walter, 359, 424.
Seagrove, James, 350, 447.
Searight, J., 103.
Searle, James 215, 350, 424.
Searle, John, 424.
Selfridge, Thomas O., 3g, 424.
Sexton, Mary, 407.
Shaw, James, 105.
Shaw, John, 97, g8, 424.
Shaw, WiUiam, 105.
Shays, Mr., 189, 2og.
Sheares, Henry, 424, 425.
Sheares, John, 424, 425.
Shee, John, 215, 217, 2ig, 222, 223,
425.
Shell, Richard Lalor, 3gi.
Sheridan, Phil, 216.
Sheridan, Richard Brinsley, 425.
Sheridan, Thomas, 425.
Sherlock, William, 277.
Sherrard, William, 277.
Sheys, James B., 211, 212, 425.
ShUera, James 277.
Shippen, 386.
Shortwell, Valentine, 277.
Sigell, 27, 28.
Sirr, Henry C, 422, 425.
Sloan, Samuel, 447.
Sloan, WiUiam C., 202, 425.
Sloane, Rtabert, 277, 426.
Sloane, Samuel, 277, 426.
Smith, Col., 270.
Smith, H., 102.
Smith, James, 214, 277.
Smith, John, 405.
Smith, Joseph, 277.
Smith, Peter, 277.
Smith, Samuel, 250.
Smith, S. H., 40, 426.
Smyth, Alex., 3g3.
Smythe, A. T., 252.
Spalding, Martin J., 254, 426.
Sparhawk, E., 67.
Spenser, 10.
Spring, A. T., 181.
Stanley, David, 277.
Stark, John, 17, 18, 338, 426.
St. Clair, Arthur, 342, 384-
Stephens, Thomas, 24g.
Sterne, Laurence, 56, 167.
Sterling, James, 426.
Sterling, William, 426.
Stet, James, 277.
Steuben, 20, ig7, 222, 426, 427.

Stevenson, 167, 427.
Stewart, 16, 97, 98, 103, 220, 222,
225, 231, 236, 23g, 241, 277, 311,
345, 346, 420, 427, 428, 437-
Stewart, Alexander, g8, 103, 427.
Stewart, Arthur, g7.
Stewart, Col. Charles, 220, 222, 225,
231, 427.
Stewart, David, 241.
Stewart, Robert, 345, 346.
Stewart, Walter, 220, 225, 427, 428.
Stewart, William, 16, 277.
Stimson, E., 79,
Stinson, Eady, 428.
Stinson, Edey, 105, 428.
Stinson, John, 277.
Stirling, Wm., g8, 103.
St Lawrence, Joseph, 277, 428.
Stokes, Rev. Joseph, 260.
Stone, Edward, 277.
Stoughton, Thomas, 385.
Stryker, Capt., 3g3.
Stuart, Christopher, 231, 428.
Stuart, Robert, 45.
Stuyvesant, Nicholas, 428.
Stuyvesant, P. G, 8g, 428.
Suffern, Judge, 42g.
Suffern, Thomas, 341, 42g.
Sullivan, Bartholomew, 277.
Sullivan, James, 42g.
SuUivan, J., 103.
Sullivan, John, 342, 42g.
SuUivan, Mary H., 405.
Swanton, Roibert, no, 125, 144,
14s. 151. 308, 310, 317, 319, 346,
429.
Sweeney, James, 202, 429.
Swift, Dean, 6, 56, 152, 153, 254,
291, 42s, 429.
Tabb, James, 277.
Tabb, Nicholas, 277, 429.
Tagert, J., 42.
Tait, John, Jr., 104, 430.
Talbot, James, 90.
Tanner, John, 277.
Tarte, John, Jr., 86.
Tate, Capt., 393.
Taylor, John, 225.
Taylor, Rev. Dr., 185.
Taylor, William, 3g.
Temple, Robert, 277, 430.
Templeton, Oliver, 102, 430.
Ten Eyck, Philip, 3gi.
Ternent, Col., 220.
Terry, David S., 442.
Tew, Charles C, 251.
Thackeray, 382.
Thomas, Archibald, 16, 277.
Thompson, Alexander, 105, 430.
Thompson, Alex., Jr., 105.

500

AN INDEX OF NAMES

Thompson, Benjamin, 277.
Thompson, John, 2,77.
Thompson, Judge, 346.
Thompson, Gen. William, 220, 430.
Thomson, Barney, 30, 33.
Thomson, Charles, 103, 366, 431.
Tilghman, Col., 222, 431, 432.
Tiernan, Luke, 241, 431.
Tilden, 408.
Tillotson, 386.
Toland, Henry, 226.
Toler, William, 277.
Tompkins, Daniel D., 123, 127, I2g,
171, 197, 432.
Tone, Theobald Wolfe, 167, 169,
200, 422, 423, 432.
Toohey, Mr., 188.
Touche, Count De La, 222.
Townsend, Ann, 350.
Tracy, Nathaniel, 433.
Tracy, Patrick, 277, 432, 433.
Trenor, Dr., 64, 73, 74, 79, 104.
Trenor, James, 433.
Trenor, John, 433.
Truxton, Capt., 222, 228, 433.
Tufts, John, 277, 433.
Twomey, John, 213.
Tyler, Rev. Mr., 40.
Usher, Luke, 104, 433.
Usher, Robert, 104.
Valency, 167, 169, 434.
Valencey, 434.
Vallancey, Charles, 434.
Valentine, 416.
Van Buren, Lieut,-Col., 393.
Van Buren, Martin, 346, 447.
Van Horne, Philip, 403.
Van Wart, Isaac, 440.
Vernon, Guy de, 445.
Verplanck, 205, 361, 416, 434.
Vila, James, 38, 434.
Vincent, WiUiam, 277.
Vogde, 229.
Waddell, R. R., 48, 49, 93, 94. 95.
g8, gg, 102, 103, 304, 434, 435.
Wade, Elizabeth Storer, 251.
Wade, William, 103.
Waldron, Samuel, 28.
Walker, Major, 222.
Walker, Patrick, 17, 277.
Wall, Mr., ig7.
Wallace, Alexander, 448.
Wallace, Hugh, 448.
Wallace, William, 103, 435.
Walpole, Robert, 415.
Walsh, J., 246.
Walsh, John D., 188.
Walsh, Nathaniel, 16, 277.
Walton, Hon. WilUam, 27.
Ward, John E., 260.

Warner, Leonard, 315.
Warren, J., 1.04, 435-
Warren, James, 435.
Warren, John, 435.
Warren, John G., 435.
Warren, Joseph, 435.
Warren, Joshua, 435.
Warren, Peter, 17, 435.
Washington (George), see General
Index.
Washington, Major, 222, 435.
Washington, William Augustine,
435-
Waterston, R. C, 273.
Watkins, Charles, 391.
Watson, James, 103, 436.
Watson, James, Jr., 436.
Wayne, Anthony, 219, 222, 224,
436.
Wayne, James M., 182, 436.
Wayne, Judge, 83, 436.
Weaver, Captain, 236, 23g, 434.
Webster, Daniel, 362.
Webster, Mr., 158.
Welch, Walter, 270.
Wellington, 65, 67, 70, 376.
West, WUliam, 215, 216, 2ig, 437.
Wheaton, Eber, 203, 437.
Wheaton, Mr., 140.
Whelen, Michael, 254, 437.
Whitaker, Benj., 25g, 437.
White, Bishop, 232.
White, Campbell P., 83, 86, 88, g6,
97. 104 437-
White, Daniel, 83.
White, Edward C, 214.
White, George, 125.
White, John Campbell, 241, 437.
White, Mrs. Blake L., 250.
White, Robert, 83, 104, 437.
White, Stephen, 144.
White, William P., 241, 260, 437.
Whitley, John, 277.
Whitman, B., 277.
Wier, David, 277.
Wier, Robert, 277, 437.
Wier, Robert, Jr., 277, 437.
Wilkinson, James, 243, 438.
Williams, David, 440.
Williams, Peter, 277.
Willis, Charles, 277.
Wilson, Alexander, 277, 438.
WUson, Col., 61.
Wilson, James, 223, 438.
Wilson, John, 57, 80, 85, 86, 96, 104,
341. 438.
Wilson, Joseph, 78, 84, 105.
Wilson, Sir Robert, 61, 182, 438.
Winthrop, Robert, 43.
Wolfe, 400.

AN INDEX OF NAMES 501
Wood, Roger, 277. Wright, Francis, 277, 438.
Woods, William, 277. Wriiht, James, 89.
Woodward John 95, 438. Wright, John W., 57, 104, 186, 438.
Woodworth, S., 82. Wriiht; Samuel, 259
Worsam, Richard, 398. Xifre, Joseph, 382.
Wortmaiij^T., 29g. Yates, Catherine, 416.
Wright, Dr., 104.

INDEX OF IRISH^ PLACES

Antrim, 376, 409, 412.
Armagh, 340, 392.
Athy, 362.
Ballyshannon, 332.
Bandon, 361.
Belfast, 166, 167, 170, 171, 365, 380,
401, 402.
Boyne, The, 10, 423, 436.
Cahirciveen, 407.
Cape Clear, 270.
Carlow, 357, 361.
Carrickfergus, 329, 376.
Carrickmacross, 446.
Castlereagh, 345.
Castletown, 7.
Cavan, 356.
Clare, 373.
Clogher, 441.
Clontarf, 10, 338.
Qoyne, g, 441.
Connaught, 340.
Connemara, 270.
Cork, 154, 353, 360, 361, 37g, 384,
403, 405. 407. 414 417. 422, 424-
Derry, 366, 441.
Desmond, 16, 410.
Donegal, 332, 427.
Down, 412.
Downpatrick, 422.
Drogheda, 35g.
Dublin, 39. 79. 166, 336, 338, 340,
341, 344, 346, 350, 359, 360, 363,
385, 401, 407, 410, 411, 412, 416,
417, 422, 423, 424, 425, 429, 434-
Dungannon, 357.
Enniskillen, 375.
Fermanagh, 407.
Galway, 37g, 385, 388.
Giant's Causeway, 270.
Howth, 270.

Kerry, 407.
KUdare, 67, 357, 421.
Kilkenny, 342, 441.
Kilmore, 356.
Kilronan, 407.
Kings, 370.
Kinsale, 414.
Lecale, 412.
Leighlin, 357.
Leinster, 362.
Leitrim, 407.
Limerick, 6, 185, 357, 398. 407. 423-
Londonderry, 343, 345, 362.
Longford, 348, 359. 3(^7, 443-
Lucan, 423.
Macroom, 384.
Maynooth, 39.
Meath, 17, ig, 407, 431.
Moira, 30, 171.
Monaghan, 355, 3go, 421.
Mountcashel, 67.
Munster, 341.
Newmarket, 353.
New Ross, 357.
Newry, 352, 387, 43g.
Ossory, 70.
Pallas, 367.
Raphoe, 400.
Slane, 412.
Sligo, 413, 437-
Strabane, 35, 344 358, 398, 399-
Tara, 338, 412.
Tyrone, 344, 358, 398, 399-
Ulster, 341, 345, 422, 446.
Waterford, 380, 408.
Westmeath, 425.
Wexford, 43, 333, 357, 406, 412.
Wicklow, 360, 412.
Youghal, 417.

6966