YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY BOUGHT WITH THE INCOME OF THE MATTHEW C. D. BORDEN FUND Cjrcerpta 2|i0torua, OR, ILLUSTRATIONS OF ENGLISH HISTORY. c ^,v.,VJJ? ^^-^^ JUVAT IHTEGROS ACCEHERE FONTES. LONDON PRINTED BV AND FOR SAMUEL BENTLEY, DORSET STREET. M.DCCC.XXXI. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE HENRY BARON BROUGHAM AND VAUX, LORD HIGH CHANCELLOR OF GREAT BRITAIN, THIS WORK, UNDERTAKEN WITH A VIEW TO ILLUSTRATE ENGLISH HISTORY, IS RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED BY HIS LORDSHIP'S MOST OBEDIENT SERVANT, SAMUEL BENTLEY. SUBSCRIBERS. Allen, Mr. Thomas. Baker, Rev. Henry De Foe, Greetham. Banks, Rev. S. Horatio, Trinity Hall, Cambridge. Beltz, Geo. Frederick, Esq. Lancaster Herald, F.S.A. Benham, Daniel, Esq. Best, Richard, junior, Esq. Betham, Sir William, Ulster King of Arms, F.S.A. Bond, Thomas, Esq. Botfield, Beriah, Esq. Bray, William, Esq. F.S.A. Bright, Benjamin Heywood, Esq. Bruce, Charles, Esq. Brydges, Sir Egerton, Bart. Burn, John Southerden, Esq. Cartwright, Rev. Edmund, M. A., F.SA. Church, William Henry, Esq. City of London Library. Clarkson, Christopher, Richmond. Collier, John Payne, Esq. F.S.A. Cox, S. P. Esq. Dallaway, Rev. James, E.M. Sec. F.SA. Danvers, Frederick, Esq. Davidson, James, Esq. Dawes, Matthew, Esq. Dryden, Rev. Sir Henry, Bart. Edmunds, William, Esq. Margate. Falconer, Thomas, Esq. Ferguson, Mr. Dublin. Frampton, James, Esq. of Morton. Frost, Charles, Esq. F.S.A. Gage, John, Esq. F.R.S. Director S. A. Galway, Lord Viscount. Gerard, Mrs. W., of Detton Grove, Lancashire. Gilbert, Davies, Esq. M.P. F.R.S. S.A. Godfrey, John, Esq. Greene, Thomas, Esq. M. P. Grimaldi, Stacey, Esq. F.S.A. Gurney, Daniel, Esq. Runcton. Gwilt, George, Esq. F.S.A. Gwilt, Joseph, Esq. F.S.A. Hale, Rev. William H. Hall, John Hancock, Esq. Hamper, William, Esq. F.S.A. Hannay, Robert, Esq. Hanrott, Philip Augustus, Esq. F.S.A. Hargrave, Francis, Esq. Harrison, George, Esq. F.S.A. bZ SUBSCRIBERS. Hoare, Sir Richard Colt, Bart. F.S.A. Holbrooke, Frederick, Esq. F.S.A. Huntley, Rev. Richard Webster. Ilchester, Right Hon. the Earl of. Iveson, James, Esq. Hedon. Jeremy, Henry, Esq. Johnstone, P. Esq. Jones, Michael, Esq. F. S.A. Knowles, John, Esq . Larking, Rev. Lambert, Ryarsh. Laurie, Robert, Esq. Rouge Croix. Lawson, Sir Henry, Bart. Leathes, Philip Hammersley, Esq. F.S.A. Lemon, Sir Charles, Bart, of Carclew. Lodge, Edmund, Esq. Norroy, F.S.A. Lynch, William, Esq. Dublin. Lysley, W. J. Esq. Miland, Mr. John. Montague, C. F. Esq. Guestling Hall. Moule, Mr. Thomas. Mullins, John, Esq. Murray, Thomas Lamie, Esq. Newcastle, His Grace the Duke of, K.G. Nicholson, Alexander, Esq. F. S. A. Charlton Regis. Ouseley, Right Hon. Sir Gore, Bart. F.R.S. SA. Parkes, Joseph, Esq. Birmingham. Perkins, Frederick, Esq. Perkins, Henry, Esq. Phillipps, Sir Thomas, Bart. F.R.S F.S.A. Pocock, Charles Innes, Esq. Bristol. Pocock, George, Esq. Pulman, James, Esq. Portcullis, F.S.A. Rackett, Rev. Thomas, F. R., A., and L.SS. Raine, Rev. James, M.A., F.S.A. Rich, Mr. O. Robertson, Mr. Robertson, Henry, Esq. Rowland, Daniel, Esq. F.S.A., Frant. Salvin, Anthony, Esq. F.S.A. Sidney, Sir Philip, K.C.H. Stapleton, Thomas, Esq. Strangford, Right Hon. Viscount, G.C.B. G.C.H. Streatfield, Rev. Thomas, F. S. A. Chart's Edge. Surtees, Robert, Esq. F.S.A., Mains- forth. Taylor, John, Esq. Thomson, Thomas, Esq., V.P. of the Society of Antiquaries, Edinburgh. Tyrconnel, Right Hon. Earl of, G.C.H. Utterson, Edward Vernon, Esq. F.S.A. Vines, William, Esq. Vivian, George, Esq. Williment, Mr. Wilson, Rev. Dr. H. B. F.SA. Wright, William, Esq. Richmond. Young, Charles George, Esq. York Herald, F.S.A. Young, J. Forbes, M.D. ADVERTISEMENT. Some misconception having prevailed respecting the origin and the mode of conducting this work, a few words may be necessary upon both points. The plan of the " Excerpta Historica,1' which originated with myself, was first communicated to Thomas D. Hardy, Esq. of the Record Office in the Tower, who promised to aid the design by every means in his power, — a promise which he has most liberally fulfilled. I afterwards solicited the assistance of Mr. Harris Nicolas, who relinquished the intention which he had formed of publishing a work of a similar nature, readily offered his gratuitous co-operation, and has supplied the work with its' most important features: — assistance so valuable and so efficient, it would have been vain to have sought elsewhere. Other gentlemen, whom it might appear ostentatious to mention, came forward with the same liberal views, and gave me confi dence by the interest they took in the design. Every contributor was to have the entire control of his own communication ; but notwithstanding the faithful observance of this condition, and the absence of all personal allusions, the " Excerpta Historica" has met with opposition where encourage ment might have been expected, and where even the value of the publication was admitted. The natural consequence has in some degree ensued : the present List of Subscribers contains too few names to justify the continuance of the work. Vlii ADVERTISEMENT. Having made this explanation, I may now be permitted to acquit myself of my obligations to those who have assisted me, as far as a public acknowledgment can do so. To Mr. Nicolas I have already alluded, and must refrain from attempting farther to express the sense I entertain of my obhgations to him — " Manet alta. mente repostum." With similar feelings I must allude to C. Q. Young, Esq. York Herald, to whom my best thanks are due for several valuable papers, and for the warm and active interest he has uniformly taken in promoting the success of the work. To Mr. Hardy I owe the gratuitous communication of all the documents derived from the establishment of which he is a member ; and the free use of his antiquarian collections. Mr. W. H. Black, in whom the enthusiasm of old Hearne seems to be revived, has furnished me with the series of articles in illustration of the reign of Edward the Fourth, commencing with the narrative of the Tournament. To other gentlemen, who have rendered considerable as sistance, I beg to offer my sincere acknowledgments. I have only to add, that should a sufficient number of Sub scribers come forward to defray its expenses, the work shall be carried on with every exertion to render it worthy of their patronage. But unless a large addition be made to the list, the farther prosecution of this undertaking must be abandoned, which has hitherto been attended with considerable loss, and which under the most favourable circumstances would require a great sacrifice of time and labour. The present Volume will, however, be a sufficient record of a disinterested, if even it should prove an unsuccessful attempt to advance the cause. of Historical Literature, at a period when publications of infinitely less importance are received with liberal support and encourage ment. Samuel Bentlky. PREFACE. It has been justly remarked that England, though abound ing in talent, and excelling in various branches of literature, is so far from possessing a complete National History, that many of the most important events in her annals are still enveloped in mystery. The principal cause of this fact is, that the mate rials from which alone a more perfect History can be formed, are so extensive, so dispersed in different repositories, and fre quently so difficult to decypher, that no individual can possibly devote sufficient time and labour to their examination. Our historians, therefore, availing themselves only of such documents as have been printed, have generally proceeded in one beaten track, copying each other's errors, and perpetuating each other's misrepresentations. Since the publication of the " Fcedera," no effort has been made to form a collection of early muniments in illustration of British History. It is perhaps to be lamented that Rymer's work is confined to public instruments alone ; since, as might be expected, the omission of articles, which, for the sake of distinction, may be termed " private and domestic,'" has had a sensible effect on subsequent historians, who, with few excep tions, have superciliously neglected Antiquarian information. An intimate acquaintance with the manners and customs, the literature, the arts, and, in a word, with the moral condition of society, is however indispensably necessary to an historian ; for it is his peculiar province to probe the motives of human actions: and unless he is capable of judging of men by the standard of contemporary opinion, of appreciating the agency by which events have been produced, and of viewing the times X PREFACE. of which he writes as they were seen by those who lived in them, his opinions will be often erroneous, and his conclu sions false. The knowledge requisite for writing History must therefore be gained from contemporary records ; and a perfect History of England never can be written until a very extensive series of miscellaneous documents shall have been collected, illustrated, and printed. For this purpose no collection can be too diver sified, since every article may, besides information on the sub ject to which it peculiarly refers, yield facts in corroboration, or contradiction, of some other point of history ; and it often happens that an entry in a book of expenditure overthrows the hypothesis from which important conclusions have been drawn ; and that a single letter establishes beyond controversy how mis taken the world has been in its estimate of the character of some eminent personage, or in the cause to which some great event has been assigned. Under these impressions the Excerpta Historica was undertaken. Its plan was to elucidate public events domestic and foreign, our ancient relations with France, Spain, and other nations, the laws and constitution of England, the state of the Navy and Army, the economy of the Royal Household, the splendour, magnificence, and personal character of our Monarchs, the history of Monastic Establishments, the lives of distin guished men, the costume, modes of living, manners and cus toms of our ancestors, the moral and pohtical condition of society, the state of language and literature, the introduction and progress of the Arts, Heraldry, Courts of Chivalry, and Genealogy : in short, to collect whatever might present vividly to the mind the characteristic features of former ages. Such was the promise held out in the prospectus circulated at the commencement of this undertaking ; and it is hoped that, without claiming for the work a degree of credit to which it is not entitled, as much has been done towards the fulfilment of the plan prescribed, as in the compass of a single volume could have been expected. EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATED WORDS* a a an, am; as tade tandem; hae habere. fe B ber, as delifiatum deliberatum : sometimes bar. C C variously, in an abbreviated word, as SCS sanctus, dcs dictus .- alone it stands for cum. 66 do, as accone or accoe accione (for actione.) *? er, as den?S deners, f \8it fuerit. C cer, as intfi8e interficere. u u der; also for any case preceded by d, as Memu qa Memorandum- quod : uns dominus, dni domini : mana mandamus ; it stands alone for denarius (a penny). e em, en : alone it means est. g any case of a noun whose last syllable begins with g, may be so repre sented : as reg, regis, regi, regem, etc.; silig (p. 21) siliginis. g ger, as gens gerens. h fi har, her; as fines hernesia; it is used to denote a final e in some Eng lish words, as right righle : and for the first syllable of habeo in every part of that verb, as fieo, Here, fiendum : ftmoi, hujus- 1 1 im, in : dina dwina ; 10 ideo. i il, el, ut; alone vel; it occurs in abbreviated long words, and may stand for any case of a noun whose last syllable begins with /, as Simil similis, &c. tt at the end of a word lie, as shatt. m mm or men; at the end ofa name mme, as Peckham. iii men, as cumandiirt {commandment) ; me, as ma mea, com come. qm guoniam. rfl mer, as came camera:. n n ne or nne, at the end of a name or an English word, as son sone : also any case of a noun whose last syllable begins with n, as un ran, expri eccpensis : nr noster, nri nostri, etc. It is also vari ously used in an abbreviated word; as«qn quando, an ante: in inde : un unde : sn sine. O O om, on ; as onis or 01S omnis. p p pe at the end of an English word : ipe ipse : pris patris. P per: par, as gte parte: also por, as temge tempore. B pro, in and out of composition : ,pp propter. p jw-e (Sot prce), as ptlca predicta. In the smaller type an apostrophe is used after the p. q que (for quce) alone or in composition. q, que the postpositive conjunction ; sometimes quare : q^a quam. '* Communicated by Mr. W. H. Black. xii EXPLANATION OF ABBREVIATED WORDS. q qui. T re- as ouf pure : also any case of a noun whose last syllable ends with r, as auf auro .- f r /rater. | ser, as f vaunt servaunt : alone it means sire : |r seigneur. s for any case of a noun whose last syllable begins with this letter : alone it represents solidus (a shilling). § ser; as Svice, service. tt in the middle of an abbreviated word, or instead ofthe full termination of a case ; as testm testamentum. £ ter, as ?ra terra; aft after: tn tamen. \i ii urn, urn ; as sut, sunt : huis habueris : au autem. V v vr westo, vri aasfrz, &c. f1 ver; as fsus versus; eft over. X o'er, #or; as duxit dutxerit, uxem ztrorem : Spianos (or xpia- nos) Christianas. y this vowel was antiently pointed so. y yn for in. This letter occurs at page 285. 3 us after b; as trib3 tribus ; h% as a word (p. 21) is put for bussel- lorum. At the end of a verb it means et, thus hab3 habet; after / alone it means licet; in composition Me£, as quirj quilibet. J> erle of Salesbury & he lor3 Latymer on J?e oth? partie/ Of the which1 diverse eithr ayeinst othr by manere of werre and insurreccon have late assembled grete rowtes & compaignies upon he felde and doon firt/more othr grete and horrible offenses aswele in slaugn? and distruccon of oure peuple/ as ob'wise the which thing is gretly ayeins oure estat & he wele of paix of this oure Royme/ & also ex- pressely ayens oure lawes/ whereof also he subversion of polli- tike goufnance and ob1 grete inconvenient^ & mischiefs be like to folowe/ which God forbede & defende in oure dayes/ on lasse banne by oure auctorite hit be he rather appaised & redressed/ AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 3 Wherfore we wol & charge yow, bl ye doo oure writtf severally to be made & directed unto be said Erles/ lord Latymer & knightf / yeving theym & everich of theym straitly in comande- ment upon their ligeance to appere before us in thaire personnes ]>e morowe upon saint Hillary day next comyng wheresoever we shal be within this oure Royme/ to answere in ye said maters as lawe and reson wol require/ And firl/more b' ye yeve theym straitly in comandement by the same to absteyne & surcesse from hensforth/ from al such misgouvWnces as is abovensaid/ & to kepe & doo oure paix to be kept booth by theym & theyr fvantff & adherent^ upon be gil b' wol falle b'upon Yeven/ under oure signet at oure Castel of Kenelworth the xxviij day of Decern br. To be worshipful fader in God/ Oure right trusty and welbeloved he bisshop of Bath oure Chauncefir of Englande II. GRANT OF THE WARDSHIP OF MARGARET, DAUGHTER AND HEIRESS OF JOHN BEAUFORT, DUKE OF SOMERSET, TO WILLIAM DE LA POLE, EARL OF SUFFOLK, IN THE 22"<» HEN. VI. 1443. Until the reign of Charles the Second, the custody of the lands of minors formed a profitable branch of the royal prerogative, their wardship being either sold by the Crown, or conferred on some faithful servant or needy favourite. The death of John de Beaufort, Duke of Somerset, grandson of John of Gaunt, in 1443, leaving by Margaret, daughter of Sir John Beauchamp of Bletsho, a daughter Margaret, only three years of age, his heir, afforded the King an op portunity of rewarding, in a substantial manner, Michael de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, who was the next year created Marquess, and soon afterwards Duke, of Suffolk ; but who, after attaining the highest honours, having been Lord Chan cellor, and Lord High Admiral, was beheaded in a cock-boat near Dover in 1450. The young heiress became one of the most distinguished women of her age : the foundress of a college, the patroness of literature, the mother of a sove reign, and progenitrix of every subsequent monarch of England. When very young, she married Edmond Tudor, Earl of Richmond, by whom, at the age of fifteen, she was mother of King Henry VII. The Earl died in 1456, and she married, secondly, Sir Henry Stafford, a younger son of Humphrey, Duke of Buckingham ; and thirdly, Thomas, Lord Stanley, first Earl of Derby. This illustrious lady lived just long enough to see her grandson on the Throne,. and dying on the 29th of June, 1 Hen. VIIL 1509, aged about sixty-nine, -was interred in the south aisle of Henry the Seventh's Chapel at Westminster. . '. B 2 4 STATE PAPERS By the King. Right Reverend fader in God Right trusty and Right wel- beloved we grete you wel/ And for asmoche as oure Cousin the Due of Somerset is nowe late passed to Goddf mercy/ the whiche hath a doughter and heir to succede after hym/ of ful tender age called Margarete/. We considering the notable ser vices that oure Cousin therl of Suffolk hath doon unto us/ and tendering hym therfore the more spially as reson wol/ have of oure grace and espialle propre mocion and mere deliberacion graunted unto hym to have the warde and mariage of the said Margarete/ withouten eny thing/ therfore unto us or oure heires yelding/ Wherfore we wol and charge you that unto oure said Cousin of Suffolk ye do make upon this oure graunte oure tres patent^ souffisant in lawe and in deue forme/ And that ye faille not hereof/ As we spially truste you/ and as ye desire to do unto us singuleir plesir/ And that ye sende unto us oure said tres patent^ seeled by the berer of thees/ Lating you wite that ye shal hereafter at suche tyme as ye come unto oure presence have suche warrant for youre discharge in this behalve/ As shal be souffisant unto you and as the cas requireth/ Yeven under oure signet at oure Castel of Berkhampstede the laste day of May. To the Right Reverend fader in God oure Right trusty and Right welbeloved tharche- bisshop of Caunterbury oure Chanceltr of Englande. III. ORDINANCE MADE BY KING HENRY THE SIXTH IN 1446, RELATIVE TO GRAMMAR SCHOOLS IN LONDON. The changes which time has produced in the state of society in England is perhaps no where more strongly marked than in the freedom now enjoyed from the interference of the Crown in affairs over which it once exercised almost despotic power. Amongst the various objects which at early periods attracted the attention of Government, Education was one. It was deemed as legitimate a branch of the prerogative to prevent persons from exercising the profession of a schoolmaster if they were considered ill qualified, or were otherwise obnoxious, as to put down a treasonable conspiracy ; and the follow ing document affords a remarkable example of the fact. AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 5 This reformation of the grammar-schools in London arose, it is said, from many ignorant persons having presumed to teach grammar to the injury both " of their scholars and their friends ;" and the number of such schools was limited to five, that being deemed fully sufficient for the metropolis. With the Cardinal John Stafford, the Archbishop of Canterbury, and Robert Gilbert, the Bishop of London, this regulation originated ; and though in the present age an attempt of the kind would properly excite the utmost jealousy and suspicion, it is not too much to conclude, from Henry's love of learning and sincere piety, that this arrangement was produced by worthy motives. Henri by the grace of God King of Englandc and of Fraunce and Lorde of Irlande To oure Chanceller of Enge- lande greting For asmoche as the right reverent fader in God Therchebisshop of Canterbury and the reverent fader in God the bisshop of London considering the greet abusions that have ben of long tyme wlnne oure citee of London that many and divers persones not sufficiently instruct in gramer presumynge to holde comune gramer scoles in greet deceipte aswel unto theire scolers as unto the frendes that fynde theim to scole have of theire greet wysdome sette and ordeigned .v. scoles of gramer and no moo withinne oure said citee. Oon withinne the chirche yerde of Saint Paule/ an other withinne be collegiate churche of Saint Martin/ the thridde in Bowe chirche/ the iiijthe in the chirche of Saint Dunstaii in the Est/ the .v. in oure hospital of Saint Anthony withinne oure said citee. the whiche thei have openly declared suffisantz. as by theire tres patentes their upon maad it appereth more at large We in consideracon of the premisses have therunto graunted oure royal wille and assent Wherfore we wol and charge you that here upon ye doo make oure tres patentes under oure greet seel in due fourme declaring in the same oure said wille and assent yevyng furthermore in comaun- dement by the same oure tres unto alle oure subgittf of oure said citee that thei nor noon of thaim trouble nor empeche the maistres of the said scoles in any wyse in this partie. but rather helpe and assiste thaim in asmoche as in thaim is Yeven under oure privie seel at Guildeforde the iijde day of May The yere of oure regne .xxiiij. Langeport. Med qd" sexto die Maij anno vicesimo quarto subscr istud bre libatum fuit Cancellario Angt exequend 6 STATE PAPERS IV. COPY OF THE COMMANDS ISSUED TO THE DUKE OF YORK BY KING HENRY THE SIXTH FOR THE EXPULSION OF SIR EDWARD NEVILLE, KNIGHT, FROM THE CASTLE OF ABER GAVENNY, ABOUT 1447. It is difficult to illustrate this document in a satisfactory manner without considerable labour and research, as it would be necessary to investigate the merits of Sir Edward Neville's claim to the property from which he was ordered to be forcibly ejected ; but sufficient may be said in a few words to explain the grounds on which he considered himself entitled to it. The Castle of Abergavenny was possessed by the House of Hastings Earls of Pembroke for upwards of a century, and on the demise of the last Earl without issue in 1439, it passed to Sir William Beauchamp, fourth son of Thomas Earl of Warwick, but in what manner he obtained it, whether by entail or by purchase, has never been clearly ascertained. He was summoned to Parliament by the title of" William de Beauchamp de Bergavenny," and died seized ofthe Castle in May 12 Hen. IV. 1411, leaving Richard his son and heir, then fourteen years of age. It would appeal- from the reference to the inquisition on the death of Joan widow of William Beauchamp Lord Abergavenny, in the Printed Calendar, in the 14 Hen. VI. 1435-6, that she then held the Castle, probably in dower. Her son Richard Beauchamp was created Earl of Worcester, and died in 1431, leav ing Elizabeth his daughter, his heir, who married Sir Edward Neville, younger son of Ralph first Earl of Westmoreland, by Joan daughter of John of Gaunt Duke of Lancaster. In the reign of Richard the Second, an entail was made by William Beauchamp Lord Abergavenny, by which, in the event of failure of issue male of his body, the Castle was settled on his brother, Thomas Earl of Warwick and the heirs male of his body. As Richard Earl of Worcester died before his mother, he never possessed the Castle, and on her death it devolved, agreeably to the entail, on Richard Earl of Warwick, as son and heir of Thomas Earl of Warwick, above mentioned. The said Richard Earl of Warwick died seized of it in 1439, and it devolved on his son and heir Henry, afterwards Duke of Warwick, who died in 1445, leaving Anne his daughter and heiress six years of age. The Crown consequently became interested in her lands, but about that time Sir Edward Neville deeming himself entitled to the Castle of Abergavenny in right of his wife, took possession of it ; and the King therefore commanded the Duke of York to levy forces to dispossess him. In the 29th Hen. VI. Sir Edward Neville was summoned to Parliament as Lord Abergavenny ; and Collins states l that in the 27th Hen. VI. he obtained livery of the Castle ; but in the proceedings relative to that Barony in the reign of Eliza beth and James the First, it was offered to be proved that neither he, nor his son, or grandson, were ever seized of the Castle/ which is corroborated, with respect to ILdward Neville, by its not being named among the lands in the inquisition held on his decease, and by the fact, that Richard Neville Earl of . ' Peerage, ed. 1779, vol. vi. p. 288. « Collins' Precedents, p. 91. AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 7 Warwick, who married Ann sister and heiress of Henry Duke of Warwick, styled himself " Lord Abergavenny" in the 4th Edw. IV. 1465. The descent of the Castle of Abergavenny is of importance, from its having been contended that the tenure of it constitutes its possessor a Baron of the Realm, — a question which has been fully discussed, and the opinion proved erroneous, in the Reports of the Lords Committees on the Dignity of a Peer of the Realm. By the King. Right reverend fader in God right trusty and right wel- beloved/ We grete you wel/ And for asmoche as Edward Neville knight hath undeuly entred upon us in the place and Castel of Bergevenny/ wherof the heir is our warde/ We therfore wol and charge you that ye do make oute a comission under our grete seel in the moost ample wise to our Cousin the Due of York/ charging hym by the same to drawe hym to the said place in his personne if nede bee/ and yeve in comandement to al theym that kepe the said place ayeins us and that wer doers of thentree made by the said Neville/ in the straitest wise upon their ligeance/ and to be reputed as our Rebelles/ that they make plain delifance of the said place and Castel/ and the said deliv'ance hadde/ that our said Cousin putte and comitte to the keping therof such personnes as hym shal seme souffisant to the gouv'nance of the same/ for the wele of us and of the said heir/ and as we or such as have interesse for the said heir may be answered of the said place at al tymes/ And in cas they within the place refuse to make the said deliv'ance/ or make eny resistence ayeinst our said Cousin/ that thanne he do al diligence possible be it by powair force or otherwise/ as hym shal seme moost expedient/ to procede plainly to the recov'ee and reduc- cion of the said place and castel/ and that upon the mysdoers and such as have offended herein/ he do such punicion as shal appteyn the qualite of their demerites/ And that ye faille not hereof/ As we truste you/ Yeven under our at ouf Castel of Wyndesore the xv day of Octobf/ To the right reverend fader in God oure right trusty and right welbeloved tharchebisshop of Caunterbury our Chauncellr of Englande 8 STATE PAPERS V. LETTER FROM EDWARD, EARL OF MARCH, AFTERWARDS KING EDWARD THE FOURTH, AND HIS BROTHER EDMOND, EARL OF RUTLAND, TO THEIR FATHER THE DUKE OF YORK, IN JUNE 1454. This interesting letter was written on the 3rd of June 1454, by the two sons of Richard, Duke of York, in reply to one dated at York, on the 29th of May, apparently acquainting them that he had triumphed over the Duke of Suffolk, and been appointed Protector and Defender of the Realm. This conclusion is formed, for the year is not mentioned, from the fact which is established by a letter in the Paston collection,3 dated on the 8th of June 1454, stating that the Duke of York " abideth about York till Corpus Cristi day, [20th June] be passed, and with grete worship is there resseyved ;" from his sons styling him " Protector and Defender of England," to which office he was first appointed on the 3rd of April 1454 ; and from there being proof that he was not at York subsequent to any fortunate event in his life, after he bore those titles. At that time, Edward was about thirteen, and his brother six, years of age ; and they had then, it would seem, but lately arrived at Ludlow Castle. Young Rutland fell a victim to party rage in his twelfth year, having been assassinated by Lord Clifford after the battle of Wakefield, on the 30th of December 1460. His father, the Duke of York, was beheaded on the same day, and his eldest son, Edward, became King of England in the following year. Another letter from the young princes to their father, written at Ludlow Castle, " on Saturday in Easter week," which occurs in the same MS. is printed in the first series of Ellis' Original Letters, and is very similar in style to the present one. In that letter they pray their father to give them his blessing, " thrugh whiehe we trust muche the rather to encrees and growe to vertu, and to spede the better in all matiers and thinges that we shall use, occupie, and exercise :" they assure him of their gratitude to Providence for having granted him " honourable conduite and good spede in all your matiers and besynesse, and of your gracious prevaile ayenst thentent and malice of your evilwillers," which had been communicated to them by Sir Walter Devereux and John Milewatier, Esq. who is mentioned in their second letter ; they thank him for having sent them their green gowns ; they beg him to remember their " porteux,"4 and that "we might have summe fyne bonetts sende un to us by the next sure messenger ;'' and they then state that the bearer of that letter was charged to acquaint him with " the odieux rale and demenyng of Richard Crofte, and of his brother." The signatures alone are in the hand-writing of the young Princes, and the address differs both from the body of the letter, and from the subscription. Rygfrt hiegh and myghty Prince our most worschipfult and gretely redoubted Lorde and Fader in as lowely wyse as any sonnes can or may we recomaunde us un to your good Lordschip And plaese hit your hieghnesse to witte that we have receyved Vol. i. p. 76. ¦* Breviary, a compendious missal. AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 9 your worschipfult tres yesturday by your Sv^t Willam Cleton beryng date at Yorke" the xxix day of May by the whiche Willam & by the relacion of John Milewatier we conceyve your worschipful & victorious spede ageniest your enemyse to ther grete shame and to us the most comfortable tydinges that we desired to here. Where of we thanke almyghty God of his yestf^ Besechyng hym hertely to geve yowe that gace & cotidian for tune here aftur to knowe your enemyse & to have the victory of them. And yef hit plaese your hieghnesse to knowe of our wilfare at the makyng of this tre We were in good helth of bodis thonked be God/ Besechyng your good & gaciouse fader- hode of your daily blessing. And where ye comaunde us by your said tres to attende specially to our lernyng in our yong age that schulde cause us to growe to honor & worschip in our olde age/ Plaese hit you hieghnesse to witte that we have attended our lernyng sith we come heder And schall hereaftur by the whiche we trust to God your graciouse Lordeschip and good fadurhode schall be plaesid Also we beseche your good Lordeschip that hit may plaese yowe to sende us Harry Love- deyne grome of your kechyfi whos §vice is to us ryght agreable And we will sende yowe John Boyes to wayte on your good Lordeschip. Ryght hiegh and myghty Prince our most wor- schipfull and gretely redouted Lorde and Fader we beseche Almyghty God geve yowe as good lyfe and long as your owne Princely hert con best desire. Writen at your Castill of Lodelowe the iij day of Jun. sens non sum9 sufficient .pvisi de gunnis gonne powdre & aliis habi- limentis guerre dilcusq, "sViens nr Johes Judde de London mer- cator ad iiram complacenciam ut dicit &

missa qam bonu & fidele §viciii quod dcus JoKes noh p antea impendidit & adhuc de die in diem impendit ac spaliE £ magnis inspeccoe et pvidencia quas ipe het in avisacoe ordinacionu & habilimentoif gurre de gra nfa spali concessimus eidem Johi officium Magri ordinacionu iirai} hend & occupand dcm officium p Emino vite sue cum vadiis & feodis eidem officio ab antiquo debitis & consuetis In cujus &c. T. R. apud Westm xxj die Dec. g bre de privato sigillo & de dat p>dca auctoritate pliamenti. Pat. p. 1. 35 Hen. 6. m. 2. VII. A LETTER FROM LOWES LYNEHAM TO HIS MASTER JOHN FELDE, JUNE 1465. This is one of the few private letters of the fifteenth century which are extant, and is remarkable for the notice of the present of a " little quiver with shooting tackle for the King," even if the three barrels of March beer, and the pot of butter were not also intended for His Majesty. Of Lowes Lyneham, the writer, nothing is known : he was clearly the servant of a merchant of London, called John Felde, who, it may be presumed, was the John Felde, a member of the Fellowship ofthe Merchants ofthe Staple of Calais, who lent King Henry the Sixth £2000 in 1450, " for the payment of the wages of Henry Viscount Beaumont, Ralph Lord Sudley, and others who were then appointed to go to Calais for the safeguard thereof, the Castle of the same, and the Tower of Risebank."s Jfie M1- iiij. lxv. Ryghte reverente and Worschipfult master, I recomande me un to you and to my righte worschipfult masteres in my moste louly wyse And it schall please you to understonde that I have reseyvid a let? frome you the laste daye of Maye bering date of makyng at London the xv daye of Apryll And wher as ye 5 Rot. Pari. v. 208b. 12 STATE PAPERS wryte unto me in youre saide let? that ye have lokyd after me ev1 sythe Es? I ame sory that I have natte kepte my promyse I schalle declar you the causis at my comyng the weche schall natte be longe to w* Godis gee Further more it schall please you to understonde that I sende you in youre brother ys schippe iij barrell of Marche beir a potte w* buttr and a litell quiver w« scheting taclys for the king the weche I paye you maye be kepte to my comynge. Nothing eft but the blessid Trenite have you in his holy keping. I wretyn at Caleys the v. daye •of June. Be your pore servaunte & bedeman LOWYS LYNEHaM. To my righte worschipfult master John Felde be this delyv'ed at London. Ancient Charters in the British Museum, marked 43. B. 33. Original. VIIL TWO LETTERS FROM SIMON STALLWORTHE, ONE OF THE OFFICERS OF THE BISHOP OF LINCOLN, TO SIR WILLIAM STONOR, KNIGHT, GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF THE STATE OF LONDON, AND THE POLITICAL NEWS, SHORTLY BEFORE THE ACCESSION OF RICHARD THE THIRD. There is scarcely any part of English History, for which the assistance of private correspondence is more required to support the narratives of Sir Thomas More, of the Chronicler of Croyland, and other authorities, than between the death of King Edward the Fourth, on the 9th of April 1483, and the accession of Henry the Seventh in August 1485. The conduct of Richard the Third during the year immediately following his brother's decease has never been clearly elucidated; and the horrible crime imputed to him of murdering his young sove reign Edward the Fifth, and his other nephew the Duke of York, to pave his way to the throne, creates an interest in every thing relating to the time, proportionate to the important events which occurred. It is therefore needless to urge the claims which two letters written with the sole object of imparting intelligence, a few weeks only before Richard assumed the royal functions, possess to atten tion ; but some remarks are necessary to explain the points referred to, and to render them fully understood and appreciated. On the death of Edward the Fourth, the throne devolved on his son, then . a boy about thirteen years of age ; and it became a question between his mother, Elizabeth Wydevile, the Queen, supported by her son, Thomas Grey Marquess of Dorset, the Earl Rivers, and her other relations, and Richard Dulte of Glou cester, the young monarch's uncle, aided by Henry Stafford, 2nd Duke of Buckingham, who should govern the realm in his name ; a contention which naturally increased the ill-will Gloucester had always borne towards the Queen and her family. It was Elizabeth's first object to have her son crowned : for this purpose he set out from Ludlow towards the end of April, and haying AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 13 passed through Northampton, arrived at Stony Stratford on his way to London, on the 29th of that month. Gloucester, accompanied by the Duke of Bucking ham, came to Northampton immediately after the King's departure, and found there the Earl Rivers, whose intention of joining the King was frustrated by his being arrested by them. Gloucester and Buckingham then proceeded to Stratford, and met the King in that town on the next day, the 30th of April. After pro fessing the greatest loyalty to his person, they fixed a quarrel on Lord Richard Grey, the Queen's son, on the ground that he and his brother the Marquess of Dorset, and Lord Rivers, had plotted to rule the kingdom, to set variance " among the states, and to subdue and destroy the noble blood of the realm, in aid of which," they said, " Dorset had entered the Tower, and taken thence the royal treasure, and sent men to the sea." The King was brought back to Northamp ton; and Lord Richard Grey and Earl Rivers, with Sir Thomas Vaughan, were sent prisoners to Pomfret Castle, and there beheaded in June following. Gloucester having obtained possession of the King's person, conducted him to London, where he arrived on the 4th of May ; and the moment the news reached the Queen, she threw herself, with the Duke of York and her other children, into sanctuary at Westminster. At a Council which met on the 27th of that month, the Duke of Gloucester was declared Protector of the Realm, and the great seal being taken from the Archbishop of York, because he had espoused the cause of the Queen, it was entrusted to John Russell Bishop of Lincoln. The King's coronation was fixed for the 22nd of May ; and on the 13th Lord Hastings was suddenly arrested and beheaded, under circumstances which Shakespeare has rendered familiar to every person. On Monday the 16th, Richard succeeded, through the eloquence of Cardinal Bourchier Archbishop of Canterbury, in inducing the Queen to put the Duke of York into his hands. The Archbishop of York, the Bishop of Ely, and some others, were committed to the Tower; and it is considered that Gloucester, about this time, resolved on grasping the crown. On the 22nd, Dr. Shaw preached his infamous sermon at Paul's Cross, impeaching the legitimacy of the issue of Edward the Fourth, and thus insinuating the Protector's claim. On the 25th, Parliament, or rather a Council, acknowledged Richard's pretensions ; and on the 27th he became King of England.6 The following letters from Simon Stallworthe, who is presumed, from the allusion to the manor of Thame in Oxfordshire, which belonged to the See of Lincoln, to have been one of the officers of Russell Bishop of Lincoln, then Chancellor, to Sir William Stonor, were written, the one on the 9th, the other on the 21st of June. . The first letter states that the Queen was still in Sanctuary at Westminster ; that my Lord of York, who was either Rotheram Archbishop of York, Chan cellor to Edward the Fourth, or more probably her son, the Duke of York, and Lionel Wydeville Bishop of Salisbury, her brother, were in the same place ; that the property of the Marquess of Dorset was seized, for receiving charge of part of which, the Abbot of Westminster had incurred displeasure ; that the Protector and the Duke of Buckingham, with other Lords, as well temporal as spiritual, had assembled in council on that day from ten until two, but no 6 More's Life of Richard the Third, Sharon Turner's History of England. 14 STATE PAPERS communication was made to the Queen ; that great preparations were making for the coronation on that day fortnight, the 23rd,—the 22nd was, however, the time appointed ; that he hoped Stonor would come to town, as he would "know all the world,"— an allusion, probably, to the attendance of persons from all parts of England ;T that the King was then in the Tower; and that the Duchess of Gloucester, Richard's wife, namely, Anne daughter and coheiress of Richard Neville Earl of Warwick, arrived in London on the Thursday preceding, i. e. the 5th of June. The remainder of the letter relates to one Edward Johnson of Thame, who wished to be made a denizen to avoid paying the higher rate to which foreigners were liable, but as he would only be charged 6s. 8d. " my Lord," who is supposed to be the Bishop of Lincoln, the Chancellor, advised him to submit to it, as the expense of ob taining letters of denizenship would amount to the value of half his goods.8 In conclusion, Stallworthe expresses his lord's commands, that with respect to those persons at Thame who had occasioned Stonor trouble, he would take his advice when he came, as he thought they should be punished for an example to others. In the second Letter, written on the 21st of June, the day before Dr. Shaw publicly insinuated Richard's claim to the Throne, the state of the metropolis is described as being so alarming, that he congratulates Stonor on being absent, " for with us," he emphatically says, " is much trouble, and every man doubts the other." He then informs Stonor, that on " Friday last about noon," by which he probably meant the Friday-week, which was the 13th, as in the next line he mentions " Monday last," the Lord Chamberlain Hastings was beheaded ; that on the succeeding Monday, the 16th, there being then at Westminster a number of armed men, the Duke of York was placed in the hands of the Cardinal, the Lord Chancellor, and other peers ; that the Duke of Buckingham met the young prince in the middle of Westminster Hall, and that the Protector received him at the door ofthe Star Chamber with " many loving words," and in the company of the Cardinal took him to the Tower, where he remained on the 21st. He then says, that Lord Lisle,9 the uncle ofthe Marquess of Dorset, had joined the Protector's party ; that twenty thousand of Richard and Buck ingham's followers were expected in London in that week ; and the remark, that he was not aware of the object, unless it was for the preservation of the peace, 7 All persons having iOl. per annum in lands, not then Knights, were ordered to attend on the 18th June to receive the honour of Knighthood ; and forty- eight gentlemen were summoned to attend the coronation on the 22nd for the same purpose Fcedera, xii. pp. 181. 186. 8 It was enacted in the 22nd Edw. IV. 1482, that every artificer not born within the realm, nor made a Denizen, householding within the same, should be rated to the subsidy then granted at the sum of 6*. 8rf. — Rot. Pari. vi. p. 197.b 9 Sir Edward Grey, second son of Sir Edward Grey, Baron Ferrers of Groby, married Elizabeth eldest sister, and eventually sole heiress of John Talbot, Viscount and Baron de LTsle, and in 1475 was therefore created Baron de LTsle. On the 28th of June, seven days after the date of this letter, and the day after Richard's accession, he was raised to the Viscountcy of L'Isle, the cause of which is fully explained by Stallworthe's statement, that " the Lord L'Isle is come to my Lord Protector, and awaits upon him." AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 15 tends to show that the designs of the Protector were not then known even to a confidential servant of the Chancellor. He proceeds to state, that his lord was more engaged with business than was agreeable to him ; that the Archbishop of York, the Bishop of Ely, and Master Oliver King, were then prisoners in the Tower, and not likely to be soon released ; that their houses in town were in possession of the Protector's people, some of whom would, he expected, be sent to their places in the country ; that " Mastres Chore'' (apparently Jane Shore, the mistress of Edward the Fourth,) was in prison, and he is ignorant what was likely to happen to her ; and he alleges as an excuse for not writing more, that he is " so sick that he can hardly hold his pen." He adds, however, in a postscript, the intelligence that the followers of the late Lord Hastings had entered the ser vice ofthe Duke of Buckingham. It is evident that the value of these letters chiefly consists in confirming the statements of Historians ; and though they contain little new information, they present minute particulars of considerable interest ; and it is of no slight impor tance to history to have conflicting statements, as to dates,10 settled by the testi mony of such a witness as Stallworthe. The second letter is moreover extremely valuable from the description which it gives of the metropolis in the week before Richard usurped the throne ; the account ofthe manner in which the Duke of York was delivered into the Protector's hands ; and from the evidence it affords, that the plot to raise Richard to the throne was not divulged so late as the 21st of June. Stallworthe was probably the Simon Stalworth, Clerk, who in May 1503 paid some money to William Basset. " The Archbishop of York was never de prived of his dignity ; and though he and Morton, the Bishop of Ely, were sent to castles in Wales soon after Richard's usurpation, they recovered the possession of their Sees on the accession of Henry the Seventh. Morton was attainted in the 1st Ric. III. but restored in the 1st Hen. VII. and promoted to the Pri macy on the decease of Cardinal Bourchier in 1486. Master Oliver King, who had been Secretary to Edward IV. was made Bishop of Exeter in 1492, and was translated to Bath and Wells in 1495. Lionel Wydeville, Bishop of Salisbury, was attainted by Richard, and restored by Henry, but died in 1485. Sir William Stonor, who, it would appear from these letters, was Bailiff or Steward ofthe Manor of Thame, was connected with the rebellion ofthe Duke of Buckingham, for which he was attainted in 1483, but was fully restored by Henry the Seventh, and died in 1495. The originals of these letters are preserved in the Tower, and the first of them was intended by the late Mr. Lysons, by whom they were discovered, to have been published in a work entitled " Miscellaneous Collections from the Tower Records," but though a few pages were printed, the idea was abandoned. 10 See a note to Sharon Turner's History ofthe reign of Edward V. ed. 1825, 8vo. vol. iii. p. 452, where it is shown that Sir Thomas More makes the delivery of the Duke of York into the Protector's hands precede the death of Hastings. 11 Ancient Charter in the British Museum, marked 45 G. 32. B 7 16 STATE PAPERS Mas? Stoner a££ dew Recomendacons I recomend me to youe. As for tydyngs seyns I wrote to youe, we her nou new. ye Quene kepys stylle Westifi my lord of Yorke my lord of Salysbury w4 othyr mo wyche wyll nott departe as zytt. When so evyr kanne be founde any godys of my lorde Markues it is tayne ye P'ore of Westrfl wasse and zytt is in a gret trobyll for certeyne godys delyverd to hyme by my lord Markques. My lord Protec? my lord of Buckyngham w'. all othyr lordys as well temgale as sp'uale wer at West' in the councel chamfe fro x to ij butt yr wass none y*. spake w' ye Quene. yr is gret besyness ageyns ye coronacon wyche shal be y5. day fortnyght as we say. Wher I trust ye wil be at London & yr schall ye knoue all the world. ye Kyng1 is at ye toure. My lady of Glocestre come to London on thorsday last'. Also my lord comendys hyme to youe & gave me in comaundemet to wryte to y' & p'yes y' to be god Mas? to Edward Ihonson of Thame. He wass w' my Lord & sued to be mayde Denyson for fer of ye paymet of ys subsedy, & my Lord send to sever of ye clerk' of y" corone & sawe ye comis- sione & shewyde to hyme y'. he shold pay butt vjs. viijd for hys sef, And so wer he bet? to do ye to be mayde Denyson, wyche wold coste hym ye thyrd parte of his goods. & as for suche as hav' trobyld w' in ye lordchype of Thame my Lord wyl be advysyd by y' at yor- c5myng for y" reformacon yf ye take note or ye come. For he thynk' y'. yer shal be punyshed in examplee of othyr and Ihu p>fve youe. In hast' from Lon don by ye handys of your |vand ye .ix. day of June. Simon Stallworthe. To the rytht honorabille Sir Willzam Stoner Knyght. WorschipfuH Sir I c5mend me to you and for tydyngf I hold you happy that ye ar oute of the prese for w' huse is myche trobuft & ef y manne dowtes other, as on fryday last was the lord Chamhleyn hedded sone apone noon, on Monday last was at Westifi gret plenty of harnest men. ther was the dylyfaunce of the dewke of Yorke to my lord cardenale my lord chaunceler & other many lords tempale. and w* hym mettf my lord of Bukyngham in the myddes of the hall of Westifi. my lord .ptectour recevynge hyme att the starre AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 17 chamber dore with many lovynge wordys & so departed w' my lord cardenale to the toure. wher he is blessid be Ifiu mery. The lord Liele is come to my lord ptectour and awates apon hyme. yt is thought ther schalbe xx thousand of my lord .gtectour and my lord of Bukyngham men in London this weike to what intent I knowe note but to kep the peas. My lord haithe myche besynes and more then he is content w* all yf any other ways wold be tayn. the lord arsbyschop of Yorke the byshop of Ely ar zit in the toure w' master Olyver Kynge. I suppose they schall come oute nefyelesse/* y ar men in ther placese for sure kepynge and I suppose y* br shall be sente menne of my lord protectour to yeis lordys placz in ye countre. they ar not lyke to come oute off ward zytt As soe feste he is in hold and mene for hys lyffe Mastres Chore is in p'sone whatt schall bappyne hyr I knowe nott. I pay yu pdone me of mor wrytyng I ame so seke y* I may not wel hold my penne and IKu p'fve you fro London y' .xxj. day of June, by ye handys of your f vaund Simon Stallworthe. All y° lord Chamhleyne mene be come my lordys of Bokyng- hame mene. To the right worschipfull Ser Willam Stoner Knyht. IX. A LETTER FROM SIR MARMADUKE DARELL TO HIS COUSIN WILLIAM DARELL, ESQ. GIVING AN ACCOUNT OF THE DEATH OF MARY QUEEN OF SCOTS, OF WHICH HE WAS AN EYE-WITNESS. The fate of Mary Queen of Scots imparts an almost romantic effect to every thing relating to her ; for such is the lively interest which is felt, that a letter on the subject need only to be brought forward for the first time, to be read with the greatest attention, and it is a sufficient claim to notice, that it corrobo rates our previous impressions. No document, however, approaches in value to those which relate to the last scene ofher existence ; 'and a relation of what occurred, by one who witnessed her execution, is always read with mixed feel ings of pity for the sufferer, and indignation at the author of her misfortunes. The following letter from Marmaduke Darell, who was afterwards knighted by James the First, to which monarch, and to Charles the First, he held the office of Cofferer, to his distant kinsman, William Darell of Littlecote, Esq. was written a few hours after Mary's execution, of which he expressly says he was an " eye-witness." He bears testimony to the " courage and magnanimity" * In the original a line is drawn over " I suppose they shall come out nevertheless." 18 ORIGINAL LETTERS. with which she submitted to her fate; and the only thing she laments is, that which forms her principal merit, that she had not the weakness to yield to the cruel attempt to induce her to apostatize, at a moment when it is the duty of all who sympathize with a criminal, to strengthen his reliance on the faith, be it what it may, in which he was born. The warrants for Mary's execution, of which those addressed to the Earls of Kent and Shrewsbury are preserved, were dated on the 3rd of February; and many narratives of the circumstances attending it have been printed. This letter exists among the records in the Tower, having formed part of the papers of a member of the Darell family which were seized by the Crown. sr, The conveniencye of this messenger, w"1 the newes wch this place dothe presentlye yelde occasionethe me to trouble you wtt theis few lynesj 1 doubte not but wth you aswell as in the contries hereaboutes, there hath bene of late sondrye straunge rumors bruted concerninge the Sco: Queene prisoner here; wch all, as they have bene hitherto untrewe, so now yt is most true that she hathe endured that fatal! stroke this dale, that will excuse her from beinge accessarye to any like matters that may happen henceforthe. Betwene x and xj of the clocke this presente Thursdaie, she was beheaded in the hall of this castle, there be inge p~>sent at yt as Comissionls, onely the Earle of Shrewsburye and the Earle of Kent ; fower other Earles were joyned wtb them in the comission, but came not ; The sherive of this shere, Sr Rich. Knightlye, Sr Edwarde Mountague, wtt difs other gentlemen of good accompte were also here at the execucon. Touchinge the manner of yt, all due order was most carefully observed in yt ; she her selfe endured yt (as wee must all truely saie that were eye witnesses) wtb great courage, and shewe of magnanimitye, albeit in some other respectf she ended not so well as ys to be wished. The order for her funerall ys not yet determined uppon, but wilbe very shortlye, as also for her people who (wee thinke) shalbe safelye conducted to their native contries. Thus have you brieflie that wch wilbe no doubte very shortlie reported unto you more at large ; In the meane tyme I beseche you accepte in good pte this small shewe of my duetifull remembraunce of you And so wth my humble comendacons I leave yo" to the mercifull ptection of the Almightie. From Fotheringaie castle this viijth of Februarye 1586. Yor poore kinsman to comaunde Mar. Darell. To the right woorshipp" Mr Wiftm Darell Esquire at his house at Littlecott. 19 SINGULAR TENURES. The following notices have been selected from a collection made with the view of improving a new Edition of Blount's " Ancient Tenures," and some of them appear to be as deserving of attention as any that have hitherto been printed. The manor of Launceylon in South Wales was held in capite by homage and the service of half a knight's fee, that is, with an armed man and a horse without caparison, or with two men on foot according to the custom of those parts, for three days, at the party's own costs, on being summoned by the King's bailiffs of Kermerdyn, as often as it shall be necessary, to render suit at the county of Kermerdyn from month to month. And all the tenants on a like summons are at their own costs to come with their lord or his bailiff there, as often as it shall be necessary, in eocpedicionem of the lord of Ker merdyn for three days like their lord. The manor of Ruardin, in Gloucester shire, was held in capite by serjeanty and the annual payment of 11. 3s., and to attend the summons of the Constable of the Castle of St. Rriavel with a horse and a coat of mail, and to accompany him within the bounds of the forest at the tenant's own costs. The manor of Dunton and Kettleston, in Norfolk, was held in capite by the serjeanty of keeping one of the King's falcons. Land in the county of Southampton was held in capite by yielding to the King annually one hundred barbed arrows. Land in Hokenhale, in Notting hamshire, was held in capite by the service of carrying a gerfalcon from the feast of St. Michael to Lent at the King's expense. Buketune in Devonshire was held in capite by serjeanty upon condition of keeping the gaol at Exeter. Land in Middleton, in Wiltshire, was held by the service of keeping two wolf-dogs, for which A\d. was to be paid daily from the King's purse. The manor of Eddinges in Huntingdonshire was held in capite by the serjeanty of coursing the wolf, fox, and hare at the King's command. The manor of Ha- coneby in Lincolnshire was held in capite by the serjeanty of receiving at St. Both'm the gerfalcons sent to the King. Land in the manor of Apse in Surrey was held in capite in the 12th Edw. II. aud 37th Edw. III. by the service of rendering fifteen bushels of malt, oats, barley, and wheat to make ale, and two bushels and a half of wheat and barley to make bread, together with a hog, or 12d. to be distributed in alms annually on All Souls' day, in the manor of Apse, for the souls of all the Kings of England. A moiety of tbe manor of Coumbnevill was held of Robert de Nevill in socage, by rendering annually one hazel bow and five feathered arrows. Lands and tenements in Hame, in Surrey, were held of the men of Kingston, upon condition of rendering to the said men three clove gillyflowers at the King's coronation. A messuage and land in Miccham, in Surrey, was held in capite by the rent of 5s. a year and rendering suit at the hundred of Waleton from three weeks to three weeks, and receiving for one night and a day the distresses levied by the King's bailiff in Miccham, and keeping within the tenant's close there for one day and a night the thieves taken in the town. The manor of Wynfred Neuburgh, in Dorset shire, was held in capite by the service of holding the basin at the washing of the King's hands on the day of his coronation. c 2 20 SINGULAR TENURES. Suthwall'. Johes Laundrey tenuit man?iu de Launcey- lon de dno R. in capite g homagiu & serviciu dimid feodi militis vidett cii uno hoie armato et uno equo discoopto vel cu duob3 peditib3 scdm consuetudinem pciu illa^ trib3 dieb3 custubj ppriis ad sumonicoem ballivoi* dni R. de Kermerdyn quo- ciens necesse fiiiit faciendo sectam ad comitatu de Kermer dyn de mense in mensem. Et omes tenetes sui p consitem sumonicom debent sumptib3 suis ppriis quociens necce fu?it cu dno eoif vel baftio suo ibidem venire in expediconem dni de KerifMyn g tres dies sicut dns eoii. — Inq. 2 Edw. 2. n°- 4. Glouc'. Witts de Alba Mara tenuit mane? de Ruardin in capite de dno R. g §janc & p dco manerio reddidit R. xxiijs g annu. It dicut quod veniet ad summon Const Castri sciBria- velli cu equo et .j. loric et secu adire tenet' g totu infra metas foreste sug custii suu ppriu. — Inq. p. m. 40 Hen. 3. n°- 34. Norf'- Hen? de Hauvill tenuit mane? de Dunton et Ket- tleston de R. in capite g Sjaii custodiendi falcoem dni R. — Inq. p. m. 55 Hen. 3. n°- 14. & 40 Hen. 3. n°- 32. South't. Johes Baudett tenuit j hidam terre in com Southt de R. in capite reddend R. p. dca terra cent sagittas barbelatas g ami. — Inq. 41 H. 3. n°- 18. Nott'. Witts de Grey tenuit de R. in capite duas partes v bovat terr in Hokenhale g 's'vic portandi j gerfauc a fest sci Michis usqj quadragesimam suptibus Regis. — 13a pars Esc. temp. H.fil. R. J off is. Devon'. Reginaldus Le Arblaster tenuit de dno R. in capite Buketune g sjantiam ad custod Gayolam Exonie. — Inq. p. m. 1 Edw. 1. n°- 3. Wiltes'. Ricus Michell tenuit in Middleton in Wiltesr j cotsetle terf g servic custod ij canes lupiriscos & deberet recipe de bursa R. quatt die iiijd & ob. — 10a pars Esc. temp. H.fil. R. Joh'is. Hunt1- JoKes Vitall tenuit maner de Eddinges de R. in capite g Sjantiam currendi ad lupu vulpem & leporem ad man date R. — lla pars Esc. temp. H.fil. H. Jo/iis. LlNC'. Hen? de Hanill tenuit de R. in capite mane? de Haconeby g §jantiam recipiendi apud scm Bothm girefalcones missos Regi. — 55 Hen. 3. n°- 14. Surr. Hawys quae fuit ux Radi de Heuere fuit seita in dnico suo ut de feodo de maner de Apse juxta Kyngeston in com. Sur?. cum gtin. Et sunt in eodem marilio unu mesuagiu qd valet g annu ij'. & clvij ac? terre arabilis qua2i quelj acra SINGULAR TENURES. 21 valet p annu iiijd- De quibus p>doa Hawys tenuit in p\lco ma- n?io de dno Rege in capite xxiiij acras terre p Sviciu xv. buss. brasej aveh ordei & silig p Svisia inde faciend et ij. buss et di silig et ordei ad pane faciend & .j. porcu vl xijd ad quandam elemosynam singulis annis die Aiaij p aiabg oium Regu Angt in p>dco man?io de Apse distribuend. — Inq. p. m. 12 Ediu. 2. n. 17- Oliverus Brocas Chivaler tenuit unii mesuagiu et xxiiij ac? tre in Apse de dno Rege per Svici-ii xv. bg bras aveh ord & siligih p Svisia inde faciend et duoii busseft siligiii ad panem faciend et uni9 porci vel xiid. ad quamdam elemosinam singlis annis die Alat} ,p aiabg oihiu Reg Angt in mari?io de Apse semg distribuend p oi Svicio. — Inq. p. m. 37 Edw. 3. n°. 7. Surr. Alicia quae fuit ux Rici le Wayte fit Se una hered Wifti de Nevill defunct obiit seita (int. at) de medietate man?ii de Coumbnevift in dnico suo ut de feodo qam medietatem tenuit de Rohto filio & herede Hugonis de Nevitt in socag per Svic uni9 arcus de aubourii & quincy sagitta? infletchetar' p an num. — Inq. p. m. 13 Edw. 2. n. 13. («.) Johannes de Handloo tenuit quasdam terras & quedam ten in Hame in gochia de Kyngeston sug Thamis ad EminQ vitas sue &c. Et dca tehta tenentur de hoib3 ville de Kynges ton g Sviciu reddend eisdem h5ib3 ad coronationem dni Regis iij clav gariofit p omi Svicio. — Inq. p. m. 20 Edw. 3. n. 51. (1st nrs.) Juratores dicunt qd non est ad dampnii nee p~judiciu dni Reg nee alioii licet diis Rex concedat Thome de Sutton qd ipe de uno mesuagio decern & octo acris tre una acra prati & di mid &. duab3 solidatis Se sex denaratis redditus in Miccham que de ipo Rege tenenf in capite feoffare possit Thomam Godard hend Se tenend eidem Thom Goddard Se heredibg suis de dno Rege 8e heredib3 suis p Svicia inde debita Si consueta. Et dicunt qd pdcu messuag 8ec tenenf de dno Rege in capite Sr nullo alio g §viciu quinq, solidoij g annu et faciend sectam ad hundred de Waleton de trib3 septimanis in tres septimanas et receptand p unam noctem &, unii diem districcoes feas g baftm dni Regis in villa de Miccham Sr g 'sviciu Svandi infra clausii suti ibidem g unii diem & unam noctem latrones capt in eadem villa.— Inq. 6 Edw. 3. n°. 41. (2nd nrs.) DORS'. Thomas de Newburgh defunct et Hawisia ux ejus supstes tenuerunt mari?iu de Wynfred Neuburgh cu gtih de Rege in cap p Sviciu tenendi lavatoriu ad ablutionem manuu Regis in die Coronacois. Rot. Clans. 39 Edw. 3. m. 18. 22 MONTGOMERY CASTLE. INDENTURE BY WHICH THE CUSTODY OF MONTGOMERY CASTLE IN WALES WAS DELIVERED TO WILLIAM DE LEYBURN BY BOGO DE KNOVILLE, 23 Oct. 29 Edw. I. 1301. This document is interesting from the account which it gives of the weapons and armour in the Castle, at the time when the charge of it was entrusted to William de Leyburn. Bogo de Knoville was an eminent soldier, and served in most of the military expeditions during the reign of Edward the First, and was summoned to Par liament as a baron.' As early as the 3rd Edw. I. the castle and hundred of Montgomery were granted to him2: in the 15th Edw. I. he was constable of that castle,3 and he probably continued to fill the situation until the 29th year of that monarch's reign, during the greater part of which he was engaged in the affairs of Wales. In the 18th Edw. I. being then the king's bailiff, he complained that Edmund de Mortimer had tried several men, who fled from the liberties of Montgomery for having killed some persons belonging to the Bishop of Hereford, in his court of Wigmore, and executed them, instead of remanding them to the King's jurisdiction in Montgomery. For this offence Mortimer was fined one hundred marks, and ordered to deliver to Knoville effigies ofthe crimi nals in their names, which effigies the bailiff was directed to hang up as repre sentatives ofthe offenders.4 William de Leyburn was also a baron, and a distinguished soldier ; and in " Le Siege de Carlaverock" he is described as a " Vaillans homs sans mes et sans si," — a brave man without but and without if. The three Scotchmen in the castle were probably either prisoners or hostages. Ofthe armour mentioned, it is to be remarked that the galea or helmet is contra distinguished from the chapel de fer, which latter was a conical skull-cap, worn under the helmet to diminish the pressure on the head. Balistas lesas " cross bows with leashes ;" or rather perhaps, damaged cross-bows. The quarrel was the weapon in the shape of a short arrow with a pyramidal head that was ejected from the cross-bow. The vicea was an instrument used for bending the bow; and it is worthy of notice that these bows were of horn, whereas they were usually made of steel. The Prince was Edward Prince of Wales, after wards Edward the Second, who was then about eighteen, and to whom these smaller bows were presented. He probably visited Montgomery Castle when they were given to him by Knoville, and they were perhaps kept there for his use in case he returned. "Testeras ferri" were, it is presumed, Pavises. " Lo- ricas cum capite," were Hauberks with hoods attached, and " cathenas ad pontes. trahend' " were chains for drawbridges. f Parliamentary Writs, p. 539. , 5 Rot. Orig. 3 Edw I m 3 1 Pari. Writs, p. 539. *"•< Rot. Pari. i. 45. WILL OF ELIZABETH OF HAINAULT. 23 Tanscptii indenture in? dnm W. de Leyburn recip Sr dam Bogone de Knoville lihantem Castru Montis Gomeri. Med qd die Lune px post festum sci Luce Evangliste anno r. R. dni E. xxix0. Bogo de Knoville lihavit dno Witto de Leyburn castru de Monte Gomeri cu omib3 reb3 in eodm con tends vidett cii iij1?2 p'sonis de Scotia g dhm R. ibidm p'us missis . Li Davit etiam eidem xiij galeas pvi valo? xxviij capellos fer? pvi valoris xx balistas lesas 8t x milia quarelloif p balistis uni9 pedis et j miliare qarett p balist ijor' pedii iij bandrellos p balist ijor' pedu 8c ij viceas p balist extendend. Itm lib eidm iij balistas cornuas ad viceas integas & unam lesam Sr iij bat corn ad ij pedes & duas ad unii pedem de dono dni Bogo- nis ad op9 Princip. Itm xij targ Si iij scuta gvi valo? Sr unu incudem 8l j martellii 8t ij sufflettos gvi valo? Itm lih eidem iij pa? coopto? ferri & ij testeras ferri & v loricas cu capite Sr v sine capit de veEi oge cu plurib3 defectib3 Itm j mola ad manu sine hoper j ollam eneam & j craticlam xvj pa? firgeaij. & iij cathenas ad pontes tahend Itm de ornamtis capelle lih eidm unu par vestimentoij. integum cu corporali iij manuEgia debit Sr Ecia. gtem uni9 antiphonat Sr Eciam partem uni9 gradat & unu cofru pdcis ornamentis imponend & ij cruett Sr unam . pixidem Sr unam campanam pendentem in capella 8l iiij°r cistas cu coogtu? Sr iij sine coogtu? Sr Iij dolia vacua. Cott. MS. Brit. Mus. Vitellius C. x. fo. 154. ELIZABETH OF HAINAULT SISTER OF PHILIPPA QUEEN OF KING EDWARD III. The utility of Wills in illustrating the manners, the customs, the state of the arts, and the domestic establishments of our ancestors, and not unfrequently the characters of the testators, is generally admitted ; bjit it was scarcely to be expected that to a document of this nature we should be alone indebted for positive knowledge of the existence of a person so nearly allied to the King of England, and a resident in his dominions. Elizabeth, sister of Queen Philippa, must have been a daughter of William Count of Hainault, by Joan, daughter of Charles Count of Valois ; but Ander son, in his laborious work, takes no notice of her : nor is she mentioned in the Foedera, Rolls of Parliament, Calendar of the Patent Rolls, &c. L'Art de Verifier les Dates, under the Counts of Hainault,' states, however, that there i Tome iii. p. 33. 24 WILL OF ELIZABETH OF HAINAULT. was a daughter Elizabeth, who married Robert de Namur, though in the account of the Namur family no such match is mentioned : and in the notices of Robert de Namur in the Foedera, nothing is said to justify the idea that he was so nearly connected with the King ; and moreover, he was certainly living in July 1376,' nearly a year after Elizabeth of Hainault's death : hence it is presumed that she died unmarried. It appears that this personage was a nun at Stratford le Bow, and the only member of the royal family mentioned in her will was her nephew, Thomas of Woodstock, the King's youngest son, who was then about twenty years of age, to whom she bequeathed a gold ring, adorned with four pearls. Her property chiefly consisted of her wearing apparel and jewels, and to her companions1 in her seclusion the greater part of them was given. Sarah de Oxeforye, her ser vant, was not only particularly remembered, but was appointed one ofher exe cutors. The devotional books which she had used, together with her beads, were shared among her conventual friends, and the residue of her trifling goods were ordered to be expended in masses for her soul. Her will was proved on the 25th of September 1375, and is registered in the Commissary Court of the Bishop of London. - ' ' 'i In Dei noie Amen Ego. Elizabeth soror dne Regine. Phi lippe in bona memoria condo testm meu in die doicat ,px post fm sci Mathei apli et evangtie ano Dni m. ccc lxxvto In pmis lego aham mea Deo oipotenti & hte Ma? Sr omib3 Sanctis et corpus meu ad sepeliend in capella hte Ma? virginis infra claustru sancti Leonardi moniat apud St^orye atte Bowe Item lego capelle hte Ma? meliorem mantellu et sugtunic meliore mea de colore mantelli et melio? scle?3 Se filet cii pies Item lego sumo altari moniat scdm mantett fur? cu gris et sugtunic cii eodm colo? et sed scle? Item lego unii cifu q vocaE cokile ,p expens circa sepultram mea Item lego Sare faihle mee unu goune de virid et una tunicam de virid et unu trifHe S3elf3 egged Sr duos crinut Item lego dne Argentyn moiat unii peyre de lyntharb3 Item lego dno Galf? capett goch tres virgas dj de blanket Item lego Andree Tendale un unche de auro Item Johne Brerele unu goun de tawne et uh tunic de colore eodem It lego Rohto Aylmer tres redeft cii un sclar Si duas tapet et un goun de bluet et duas cell Item lego Roland Alis uh peyr de bed de auro Si uh broche de auro Item dne Ydonie moiat uh peyr de tabell de au? Item lego dne Marie prorisse un anulu de auro cu duab3 petris vidett uh rubi et un amerat Item dno Thome de Wodestok uh anulu de au? cum qatuor perles et unii amerat in medio Foedera, tome vii. p. 102. ' Sic. TOWN AND CASTLE OF CALAIS. 25 Item lego Marga? Marchel unii anulu de au? an ameled cii camb3 Item lego Johne uxi Johis Tailour uh tunic de bluet Item lego Sarr fainle mee cii oib3 reb3 infra jacentib3 pE unu fore de colo? virid Si illud lego ecctie. moniat ' Item lego dne Argentyn moniat unu psaltm Item lego Sarre famule mee unu pryme? rubeh Item residuu omi bono? meo? no legato? volo ut vrtanE domo moiat ad orand

ought necessary for the said werkf & an othr directed to John Beckeley mason yeving hym power by the same to take cariage & al othr thingf necessary for the same werkf Wherin ye shal do unto us good plesir Yeven under oure signet at oure manoir of Shene the vj. day of Juyn To the Reverend fader in God oure Right trusty and right welbeloved the Bisshop of Bathe oure Chauncellr of Englande II. By the King. Reverend fader in God Right trusty and Right welbeloved We wol and charge yow that undre oure grete seel ye doo make oure sefalx Ires of commission in deue fourme that oon unto John Smyth warden of masons & that othr unto Robert Wheteley warden of carpenters at Eton vevying thayme powair to take in what place so efe hit be almanere of werkmen laborers & cariage such as eythr of thayme shal seme neces- sarie or behoveful in thaire craftf to the edificac5n of oure collage of oure lady of Eton And that this be doon with al diligence as we trust yow Yeven undre oure signet at the manoir of Fulham the xiij. day of Juyl To the Reverend fader in God Right trusty & Right welbeloved the Bisshop of Bathe oure Chancellr of Englande III. p p>posito &. collegio R. regali he Marie de Eton juxta Wyndesoram. R. Omib^ ad quos &c. saltm Cum Celebris memorie p>carissimus & p>dilcus avunculus nf Hen? nug Cardinalis Ang- lie & Epus Wynton ex singularis fervore dileccois quo ad nil complacenciam semg ferebaf unu memoriale .& jocale nolo utiqj acceptissimii illam vidett tabulettam auream vocat1 le tablet de Burboyh nonnullis & diesis inestimabilis thesauri reliquiis insert1 in eadem & p>sertim p>ciosi sanguinis dni nri IKu Xpi in quo vite suffragium consequimr & salutis necnon cujus- dam particule salutiferi ligni dnice crucis in qua gatam nre THlJ COLLEGE OF ETON. 47 redempcois recensemus memoriam Aceciam gliose virginis geni- tricis sue Marie beatissimiq, confessoris sui Nichi & virginis KaEine & alioij Martii} confessoij & virginu in eadem content1 not> dum in reb3 agebat humanis gatan? dederit ad intencoem qd nos eandem tabulettam dilcis noh in Xpo pposito & collegio nro Regali he Marie de Eton juxta Windesoram quod inhonore Assumpcois dee hissime virginis Marie de nra fundacoe existit dare & concedere dignaremr ut ibidem j?dce |?ciose & venerande reliquie p gpetuo remansur ad Dei laudem & ipai} reliquiae magnificenciam immortalem a devotis xpi fidelib3 reverencie pocioris impendiis imgpm dece?o ut decet frequencius & festivius venkrenf Nos igif piu & salubrie j?dci avunculi nri desiderium quod ex suma devocoe & grandi sua erga nos affeccoe ortum huerat & radicem libenS exequi volentes ut tenemr de gra nra spali & ex 8ta sciencia & mero motu nris dedim9 & concessimus p~fatis p~>poito & collegio nfo Regali jocale sive tabulettam p>dcam & thecam eidem jocali sive tabulette gtinentem serico & auro decen? ornatam hend & tenend idem jocale sive tabulettam cum theca p>dca p>fat p>poito & collegio &. successorib3 suis imgpm in eodem collegio tanqam memoriale & jocale p>cipuu ad intencoem p'dcam gpetuis futuris temporib3 remansuram absq, reclamacoe exacoe seu vendicoe inde g nos heredes vel succes- sores aut executores nros aliqualiE faciend & absq, aliquo compoto responsione reddicoe seu restitucoe inde noh seu dcis heredib3 successorib3 aut executorib3 nfis aliquali? reddend seu faciend eo qd exp>ssa mencio de vero valore jocalis p>dci seu thece p'dce aut de aliis donis sive concession^ p nos pfatis j^posito & collegio & successorib3 suis seu aliquib3 p'decessorib3 suis & eoi{ suec ante hec tempora fcis in p>sentib3 fea non existit aut alia re causa vel ma?ia quacumq, non obstant In cujus &c. T. R. apud Westih .xiij. die Decembr. g ipm Regem & de data p>dca auctoritate parliamenti. Rot. Pat. 26 Hen. 6. p. 2. m. 35. Ql$ IV. Rex Omib3 ad quos &e. saltm. Sciatis qd cum gtia sit principum incognitas honorib3 clarificare gsonas dum quicquid g regiam munificenciam honorati pvocanf virtuosum gagere in singularem redundet principis laudem quanto p>stancius est gti- osum studencium cetum & divino cultui vigil? invigilancium prier- 48 THE COLLEGE OF ETON. tim cuin ex principis gra hberalissimis erogatis dotib3 gliose satis erigatr claris decorare nobilitatis insigniis qd regalib3 munerib3 invitatus ad alciora capessenda virtutum fastigia reddatr alaerior. Hinc est qd oculis gfe nre gratan? intuentes nre fundacois col legium ad honorem Omnipotentis Dei intemerate Virginis Marie & Matris Xpi in Etona juxta Windesoram solempniS inchoa- tum inq, gpetuu Divine laudis ornamentum quatenus cum Deo vota nfa convemant priores itidem nros vinSe qam illis pari- manuii nraij. opus fascib3 adornari non quominus ulflargi- hali copiosoq^ splen- lempne sugaddere- decoris & clare no- possent. Sane lraij in secula gmansuru pocius in beneficencia ficaricupientes ipmq, sug alia dignitatum fecim9 ipi noh satis coes regias quaif li- dore constat esse so- mus que non parum bilitatis titulos adiSe studia & divinoii ob- sequia clara mereri nobilitatis insignia non ambigimus Nam si inveterate & g genus ducte divide nobiles faciunt multo pstancior est & vere dicendus nobilis qui in scienciarum thesauris & prudencie locuples necnon in divinis obsequiis diligens in- venitur. Nos igitur volentes Collegium ipm nrm et in eo jpsentes & gpetuo futuros collegas quo fervencius ad scienciarum adipiscen- das divicias et laudes divinas multiplicend animentur in suarum crementa dignitatum generose claritatis titulis redimiri dictoq, collegio nostro cum personis inibi per secula lfai} studiis diligent vacaturis super honoribus privilegiis & dignitatibus gfam nram impartiri nobilitam9 nobileq, facimus & creamus. Assignamus itaq, pro armis & armoif insigniis in Campo nigro tres lilioif flores argenteos hentes in animo ut in secula duraturum jam fundatum Collegium cujus gpetuitatem stabilitate coloris nigri significari volumus flores lucidissimos in omni scienciaii genere redolentes gturiat ad honorem & devotissimu cultum Omnipotentis Dei intemerateq, Virginis & Matris gliose cui sicuti in aliis & in hac potissimu fundacione nra flagranti cum animo inEnam & admodu vehementissimam gerim9 devocoem quib3 item ut aliquid regie nobilitatis impartiremr qd vere regiu & celebre declararet opus parcellas armoi} que noh in regnis Anglie & Francie jure debentr regio in sumo scuti locari statuim9 partitu principale de azoreo cum Francoi} flore deq, rubeo cum peditante Leopardo aureo hec igitr armoij insignia p'sentib3 inserta tris cum libtatib3 THE COLLEGE OF ETON. 49 immunitatib3 privilegiis franchesiis jurib3 &, aliis quibuscumq, nobihtatis locis aut gsonis debitis & consuetis in signii nobili tatis ppetue eidem collegio nro p gpetuo damus & concedim9 g p>sentes. In cujus rei testimoniu &c. Teste me ipo apud Westm &c. Inrollment. — T. R. apud Westm primo die Januar. g ipm Regem & de dat p>dca auctoritate parliamenti . Memorand qd ista billa libat1 fuit dno Cancellar Angt apud Westih primo die Januarij anno xxvij0 ad exequend Ql$ Placeat suppmo Dno nro Regi de gra vfa spili graciose cocedere fidelib3 ligeis vris Rogero Keys ctico et Thome Keys fri suo vras litteras patentes tenorem subsequentem in debita forma cotinentes Rex et c Oihihj ad quos p'sentes tre gveiSint sattm Cum p'ncipis cujusciiq, intersit et deceat suos subditos p>cipue illos qui sibi fvicia impendunt honorib3 p'vilegiis et dignitatib3 |?miare et decorare ut ad hmoi fvicia impendend cicius animent" et fiant promciores hinc est q, nos cosideracoem hentes ad grata et laudabilia fvicia que dilectus cticus noster Rogerus Keys multiplied ac div'simode nobis- ta in ogacoib3 nris edificacois collegij nostri regalis hte Marie de Eton juxa Windesora qam alias impendit et impendet infutur volentesq, eidm Rogero ac Thome Keys fri suo et suis sug p^dictf hono- rib3 p'vilegiis et dignitatib3 gram nram impartire eosdm Roger & Thoma tanq,a bh merit" & nobis graf necno ab eodm Tlioma v. fol. 176 — 182.] Ky vodra de doel & de pite oier tesgaunt. De bon Willia Longespee ly hardy combatant. Ke fust oscis en Babilone a la qarame pnant. Ke od le Roi Louys alat oson host mut gaunt . A un chastel de Babilone Musoire e nomee. Ke touz jours en Peinime s'ra renomee. Pr ly Rois qe fust p's en cele chevachee. Et les alt's chivalers k' furent de sa meignee . Et ly Counte de Artoise s'e Roberd li fers . Ceo fu par son orguile tant fu surq'ders. 10 E meinz alt's esquiers & pruz chivalers. I perderunt la vie tant urunt desturbers. Et meint home vailant iavoit dunqe oscis. Et ly bon Willam Longespee li chivaler hardiz . A le qarame gnant del incarnacione. Mil & deus centz qarant noef aunz pnune. Qant le Count de Artoise dust passer le flume. Entere Egipte & Babiloine & od ly meint home. E ly Meistre du Temple od tot sun gaunt poars. Le vailant Count Willam & ses chivalers . 20 Assailerunt les herberges a Sarazins malurez . Ke de hors la Musorie furent herbergez . Meint iavoit Sarazin illoqe dunqe osciz. De tut pars les herbergez furent asailiz . Kar les Krestiens les unt ateinz & huniz . E de lur espees tenchant detranche touz vifs . De treis mil Sarazins & sinqe centz e plus a mun q'der. Ke furent illoqe a teinz ne pout nul eschaper. Fust monte ou a pee ne fust si fort e fer . Ke ne gdist la teste saunz plus losenger . 30 List ye with much grief and pity who desire to hear the story of the valiant warrior the good William Longespee, who was slain in Babylon at Shrovetide, who accompanied King Louis and his numerous host against a Castle of Babylon, called Massoura, which will ever be renowned in Paynim because the King was taken in that expedition with the other Knights of his retinue ; and the Count de Artois, Sir Robert the Arrogant, who by his pride and overween ing conduct was the cause of the disaster, and many other Esquires and valorous Knights, lost their lives there, so great was the slaughter; and many a valiant man was there slain, as well as the brave Knight the good William Longespee. At Shrovetide in the year ofthe Incarnation 1249, [i. e. 8th February, 1250.] when the Count de Artois with many men had passed over the river between Egypt and Babylon, and the Master of the Temple with all his great forces, the valiant Earl William and his Knights, they assailed the quarters of the wretched Saracens outside of Massoura. Many a Saracen was then slain there. Their camp was attacked on all sides. For the Christians came up with and con founded them, and with their trenchant swords cut them up alive. Of thirteen thousand five hundred Saracens and upwards, in my opinion, who were there attacked, not one could escape ; whether mounted or on foot, there was no one so brave and courageous who did not lose his head; excepting those who 70 THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. Fors de denz la Musoire qe dunqe aveint entre. Castel fort bien warni & tresben estore. De denz fust ly Soldan qe p Mahun out iore. Ke gaunt desturber freit eel joure a la Kristiente. Lost des Kristiens est remu arere. Ly Meistre du Temple chivalere a frer. E ly Count de Artoise despleie sa banere. Ilioqe vout demorer en mesme la manere. E ly Count Longespee hardy & pruz . E ly Qens de pvynce chivaler estuz. 40 E ly Count de Flaunders a pe & chival muz . Sunt illoq' demore a reposere touz . Delacerunt lur heaumes pr eaux aventeir. Atirer lur armes lur chivaux pvender Aeisunt lur mesmes mult aveint gaunt niester Tant aveint combatu nout talent juer. Conseillunt ensemble coment vodreint overer. Sil deveint alere avant ou illoq' demorer. En dementers ceaux qe vodreunt gayner. Turnerunt a les herberges & t°verunt gaunt aver. 50 Mult plus qe ma lange ne sache demustrer. De or & de argent fverunt gaunt plente. Plus qe pount porter qant fust assume. Une gent' conseilerunt tot pleinerement. Demorer jesqes a tanqe qil aveint plus de gent Kil pussent aler plus assurment. Le Musoire prendre & aver a talent. Qar mult aveint le jour ben espleite. Sarasinz osciz & de lur herberges chace . then entered within Massoura, a castle which was well furnished and stored. Therein was the Soldan, who swore by Mahomet that he would cause great mischief that day to Christianity. The host of the Christians was withdrawn to the rear. The knight brother the Master ofthe Temple, and the Count de Artois with his banner displayed, who determined to remain there in like manner, and the bold and valorous Earl Longespee, and the wily knight the Count de Province, and the Count de Flaundres, with foot and horse, all remained there for repose. They unfas tened their helms for air, put their arms in order, gave their horses provender, and laid themselves down to rest, of which they had great need ; for they had fought hard, and had no inclination for amusement. They consulted with each other upon their future operations, whether to advance, or remain where they were. In the mean while those who desired gain, returned to the camp and found great booty, more than my tongue knows how to relate ; of gold and silver they found great abundance, more than they could carry when heaped together. Some frankly proposed to remain till they should be reinforced, that they might advance with the greater certainty of success to take Massoura and plunder it at their pleasure ; for they had performed well that day : Saracens slain or driven from their quarters, horses and arms and gold and silver gained, Saracens THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. 71 Chevaux & armes or & argent waine. 60 Et Sarasinz oscis decope & detranche. Et si Dieu plest de gloire le matine ont pense . Le Musorie aler plus pres qant lur gent unt assemble. Dist li Count de Artoise de folie plez . Nus ne creum Sarazin de mere soit nez. No' prendroms le chastel tot a noz voluntez . U il s'unt oscis qe leinz s'unt t°vez. En eel man'e le poums tuz averez. Dist li Meister du Temple li bon chevaler. Mult serreit pfitable ici demorer. 70 No" mesmes reposer noz nafres mediciner. Et n'r s'e le Roi cutre conge passer. Et no9 entr li trestouz herberger. Et de touz partes le chastel de n'r ost asseger. En dementers les gines le Roi por urn9 adresser. Pr abat' meisons & murs aqasser. Et li Soldan prender od tot sun gant poar. Ja mur ne meison ne lur avera mester. Qil ne soint de manglez od espeiez de asser En eel manere les poum9 touz aver. 80 No9 eora' mester de repos no9 avom9 tavailez . Mer Dieu de glorie ben avom9 espleitez Honure soit le Roi Ih'u qi si bien no9 ad eadiez. Saunz li nussum9 ren conqis il en soit honurez . Dist li Count de Artoise avoi dan templer. Totes jours pele de low volez od no9 porter. killed, beheaded, and cut in pieces; and if it pleased God, they thought to approach Massoura with glory in the morning when their forces should be assembled . The Count de Artois said foolishly, " We do not believe the Saracen to be " of mother born. We will take the Castle entirely at our will, and they who " shall be found therein shall be slain, so that we shall have every thing in our " power." The good Knight the Master of the Temple said, " It will be more advan- " tageous to remain here, to rest ourselves, to heal our wounds, and to enable " our Lord the King to pass over,1 and all to take up our quarters around him, " and to besiege the Castle on all sides with our host. In the mean while " we shall be able to prepare the King's engines2 to demolish the houses and " break down the walls, and to take the Soldan with all his great power. " Neither wall nor house shall have a master who shall not be mangled " with swords of steel, and thus shall we possess ourselves of all. We have '' need of repose, we have fought hard. Mother of God ! we have performed " with great glory. Honoured be King Jesus who hath so well aided us : without " him we should have gained nothing. Honour be to him for it !" The Count de Artois said, " Ha ! Dan Templar, you always wish with us to 1 Louis with the main body was at that moment on the opposite side of the river. ! Joinville states that the care of the engines was entrusted to the Count de Artois. 90 100 72 THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. Vo" dussez p reson avant touz aler. Doner alters ensample de bene tavailer . Li Meister du Temple respount ctoisement. Pele de low ne portum9 nent ceo sevent bone gent Ja ne serrez si prest ore vo9 alez ent. No9 s'roms le primers sile verret coment. Dist le Count Longespee overom9 sagement. Sarazins sunt fel & frus & felouns gentz. Li Meister dist son avis & mult savement. Ke mult seet de guerre & bien no9 aprent. Dist li Count de Artoise qe mult fust surqiders. Ben poez estre Engleis itel conseilers. Ne lerrom" ja pr voz dicez ne pr voz deners. Qen irrom" qere Sarazins g tere & p mers. Dist le Count Longespee qe fu touz jours legers. Qant il oie le mot tot li changa le qores. Ore vo" tirez mainetenant qar jeo vois monters. Ja ne serrez si prest jeo serra li p'mers. De launce & despee en contere les ennemis fers. Lacerunt lur heaumes & lur chapeaus de fer. La Musoire voleant prendre & de Soldan aver. ¥ le conseil li Qens de Artoise qe fu surqider Le Meister du Temple brace le chivaux. Et le Count Longespee depli les sandaux. 110 Ils sunt les p'mers ils erunt mult vaillauns. Si enterunt la Muroise com lur ppre estals . Qant ils furent de denz ente sicom poent. Les Sarazins les portez touz les garderunt. " wear the skin of the wolf. You ought by right to advance before all, and set " an example to others of brave conduct." The Master of the Temple answered courteously, " We wear not the skin of " the wolf, as is well known to brave men. You shall not be so ready ; go you " before : we will be the first, if we see reason for advancing." The Earl Longespee said, " Let us act considerately. The Saracens are a " cruel, fierce, and perfidious race. The Master has given his opinion most " wisely. He understands much of war, and advises us well." The Count de Artois most overweeningly said, " Ye may well be English " who are such counsellors. We will not desist from our purpose for what you " assert or deny. Let us rush in pursuit of the Saracens by land and by sea." The Earl Longespee, always prompt, having changed his intention on hearing what was said, replied, " Lead on now, and I will surpass you. You " shall not be so speedy but I will be the first with lance and sword to attack " the fierce enemy." They laced their helms and their chapeaus-de-fer, intending to take Mas soura, and capture the Soldan. By the counsel of the overweening Count de Artois, the Master of the Temple harnessed the horses, and the Count Long espee displayed the cendals.3 They were the first, they were right valiant. They entered Massoura as if it were their own residence. When they got in as ' i.e. Banners which were made of cendal, a rich kind of stuff. THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. 73 Et touz en la Muroise estreitement gaiterunt. Pr oscir les Kristiens si fere le poent. Lesserunt chaier les portez qe fsbien fu garde. Si unt fstous les Kristiens de denz les murs ferme. Devant eaux fu le flum parfunde longe & lee. Derere la porte colice qe tesbien fu barre. 120 Dambepars les murs de haut pere taile. Sarazins de totes pars les unt environe . Des arcs Trcois reddes des dars envenome. Et despees longes de bone asoer furbe Et des gros peres qe urent assez plente. Dunqe les Sarazins a noz donerent gaunt cole. Et les vileins p sinqe ensemble a gros peres alerent Et des marteaux pesaunz les noz esqasserent. A noz firent gaunt damage & ren esparnierent. Pur les asauz des Kristiens qe les asailerent. 130 Les unt de denz asailli e lur gaunt poare. Si Dieu ne prenge cure ore unt gaunt mestere. Trestouz plenerement ne prrunt eschapere . Saunz eaide de Dieu qe tot poet governere. En mileu de Musorie hy ad vne chimine gaunt. De la porte jesqes a la flume tot avalant. La se combatent les chivalers vaillant. Meint teste de Sarazin le jour i sunt senglant. Li Count de Artoise sr son gaunt destrer. Leschel de sa launce perca le p'mer . ] 40 Navoit qore ne corage plus demorer . Tant fu fort asailli de fer & dasser. Le p'mer qil encontra a tere fist tumber . Puis sen trna vers le flume si sen voit naier. they could, the Saracens closed all the gates; and all in Massoura watched sharply to kill the Christians if they could. They lowered the gates, which were well guarded, so all the Christians were shut within the walls. Before them ran the river, deep, long, and wide; behind was the portcullis well barred; and on both sides were high stone walls. The Saracens surrounded them on all sides with strong Turkish bows and poisoned arrows, and with long swords of well-tempered steel, and with abundance of large stones. Then the Saracens made a fierce attack on us, and the villains in parties of five together threw great stones, and with heavy hammers crushed us, doing us great mischief, and spar ing nothing, because the Christians had attacked them and their great power within their walls. If God had not cared for us, they would have had the entire mastery ; and it was evident that not one could have escaped without the aid of God, who can govern all things. In the midst of Massoura there is a high road from the gate to the all- swallowing river. There the valiant knights fought, and many a Saracen's head was bleeding on that day. The Count de Artois, on his great charger, first broke through the rank of the enemy with his lance : he had neither heart nor courage to remain longer, so powerfully was he assailed with iron and steel. He overthrew the first whom he encountered, and then turned towards the river, to escape by swim- 74 THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. De ceo qe li Qens fist plus ne vo9 soi dire. Sa alme est en enfern en gaunt martire. Li Meister du Temple Willam fust nome. De launce se contint noblement & ben ferrist despee. De Trcois & des ameireux ferment fu naufre. Pr ceo ent' les Sarazins g'Hint crei est leve. 150 Ben qiderunt les Sarazins aver eibai . Mes mult fu pruz & vaillant & de qore hardi. Mist la maine a lespee qe tesbene fu furbi. De treis Trcois haute gentz abati le crie. Qe ent' les amireux bien furent oi. De lespee trenchaunt les fendi pmi. Un Sarazin vint curant qe leger fu apee. Porta un cutel en sa maine qe fu envenime. Hausa la cov'tfe de son chival arme. Si le dona gaunt coup a la destre coste 160 Li Meister senty mult ben qe malement fu naufre. Si voleit ferir un amirel qe mult fu renome. Soen chival li failli qar a la morte est livere. Le chival chet a tere li Meister remist a pee. Un frer vint curant qe ben fu munte. Bailla a Meister son chival qe tesbien fu arme . Li Meister munta vistement unqes ne fu si lee. Et prist sa launce en sun poin dasser bien ferre. Curt a un amerel sur un feraunt munte. Parmi le corps li feri ne pout aver dure. 170 Le corps chet a tere sa alme prist le maufe. De Dieu soit il beneit qe tiel coup ad done. Le chival recuili p la reine le frer apela. Qe oreinz qant il fu apee si bien li munta. ming. What more the Count did, cannot be told you. His soul is in Hell, in great torment. The Master of the Temple, who was called William, bore himself nobly with the lance, and wielded well his sword. He was cruelly wounded by the Turks and amirals, whereupon a great cry was raised among the Saracens, who fully expected to have dismayed him : but he was very brave, valiant, and courageous ; and taking his well-tempered sword in hand, silenced the cry of three haughty Turks, who were loudest among the amirals, by cleaving them asunder with his trenchant sword. A Saracen came running, light of foot, bearing in his hand a poisoned coustel, and, raising the caparison of his armed horse, gave him a heavy blow in the right side. The Master perceived clearly that his horse was severely wounded : he would have struck an amiral who was highly renowned, but his horse, being mortally wounded, failed him. The horse fell to the ground, and the Master was left on foot. A Brother, who was well mounted, came galloping up, and gave his well-armed horse to the Master, who, quickly mounting him, was never so happy, and grasping his good lance, ran towards an amiral on an African horse, and thrust him through the body, so that he could no longer sustain himself. The body fell to the ground, and the Devil took his soul. May he who gave the blow be blessed by God ! He caught the horse by the bridle, and called to the Brother who had THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. 75 Le frer mist pee en estru & munta le feraunt. Ceo vit un Pain felun si vint taversaunt. Parmy le corps de suz le bras li mist lespee trenchaunt. Lalme enport Seint Michel en pays chauntant. Ou serra en glorie od Ih'u tout pussant. Ly Meister brocha son chival qe fort est & leger 180 Curt a un amirel qe mult est fel efer. A la Kristiene gent out feet desturber. Et unqor fra si y poet mes navera ia poar . Et li Mester li feri de sa launce reddement. En fausa ses armes tot plenierement. Encont' le piz le saua tot dreitement. Freit morte li abati ceo virent plus de cent. Un Sarazin vint curant son ami trescher. Un amirel felun qe out anoun Beder . Od launce red son ami voleit venger. 190 Si voleit le Meister pmi le corps doner . Mes le Longespee ne vout plus demorer. Ly & sun g*nt chival fist a tere tumber . Curt a eel amirel un chimin tut pleiner Si coup la teste & si remeu le destrer . De li fu le Meister tresben aqite Avant curt sun chival joius & lee. Un Sarazin le sein od un dart envenome. Si fist le Meister un plaie qe fu large & lee . Le Meister senti mult bien qe ala morte fu naufre. 200 Curt a les herberges ou furent herberge . Confes & repentaunt & acumene. Morut tut enhaste nout plus demore. Sa alme fu richement a Dieu p'sente. so well mounted him when he was unhorsed. The Brother put his foot in the stirrup, and mounted the African horse. A perfidious Paynim saw this, and coming across him, plunged his trenchant sword into his body under the arm. Saint Michael bore his soul to Paradise chanting, where he will be in glory with Almighty Jesus. The Master spurred his horse, which was strong and active, and ran to a fell and fierce amiral, who had made great havock among the Christians, and would still have done so if he had been able, and, striking him firmly with his lance, pierced through his armour, straight against the breast: he was killed in presence of more than a hundred. A Saracen, who was his dear friend, a per fidious amiral named Beder, came galloping up, and, with his stiff lance, would have avenged his friend, and would have run the Master through the body; but Longespee would wait no longer, but overthrew him and his great horse, and running direct against the amiral, he cut off his head, and took away his charger. The Master was well freed from him, and urged his horse forward joyous and glad. A Saracen, with an envenomed arrow, gave the Master a large and wide wound in the breast; and the Master feeling assured that he was mortally wounded, ran to shelter, and confessing, repenting, and receiving the com munion, died immediately. His soul was richly presented to God. 76 THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. En cele eschele fu oscis S'e Roberd de Ver. Qe mult fu pruz & hardi & vaillant chiualer. Desuz ly fu oscis sun cheval leger. A pee remist a tere-li bon chivaler. I] estut pres un mur & cobati mult forte. Dizset Sarazins enf ly jurent mort. *W Et despee les oscist qe bon fu & trenchdnt Ben lur mustre le jour qe pruz fu & vaillant. Tant ad combatu apee qe ne pout avant. La murra son corps sa alme a Dieu chantant. Ore lerrums de touz ceaux si diroms avant. De le hardi chivaler le meilur combatant. Qe pr la Krestiente puis le temps Rolant. Ne combati en armes chivaler vaillant. Ceo fu le Count Longespee qe mult fort cobati. Avant ceo qil fu mort mult cher se vendi. 220 II passa une alter eschele & alter sinqe od lui. Avant qe vint le vespre martir se rendi. Un templer fu le primer S'e Wymound fu sun noun. O le Count Richard fu qant il ferrha Scalon. Illoqe fu resceu frer de ceo avoit il le noun. Sa pruesse se fist nomer Sir' Wymound de Scaloun. E Sir' Roberd de Widele ke mult vaillaunt fu E S'e Rauf de Henefeld p la gace Dieu. Qe maint Sarazin oscist despee mulu. Niout Sarazin ke si hardi fu. 230 Qe enchamp le entendit out de v'tu. In that division, Sir Robert de Vere was slain, a stout, brave, and most valor ous Knight. His swift horse was killed under him, and the good Knight, being left on foot, stood against a wall, and fought right bravely. Seventeen Saracens surrounding him, swore his death, but, with his good and slashing sword, he killed them all. That day well proved how courageous and valiant he was. He fought on foot, till he could fight no longer. There perished his body; his soul went rejoicing to God. But let us leave all these, and now speak of the bold Knight the best com batant, than whom a more valiant cavalier fought not in arms for Christianity since the time of Roland.-* This was the Earl Longespee, who fought most bravely, and right dearly sold his life. He, with five others, contended with rank after rank, till the evening, when he gave 'himself up a martyr. The first was a Templar named Sir Wymound, who was with Earl Richard 5 at the investi ture of Ascalon, where he became a Brother, and of him had his name, aud for his valour was named Sir Wymound de Ascalon; and the right valiant Sir Robert de Widele; and Sir Rauf de Henefeld, who, by the grace of God, •* Roland, or Orlando, was the hero of a French legend. 5 Richard Earl of Cornwall. Ascalon, near Jerusalem, was ceded to the Christians in 1243: the Turks besieged it in 1244 without success, but retook it in 1246. It would appear that this Templar assumed the baptismal name of the Earl on that occasion, and that he is the Knight afterwards spoken of as Richard de Ascalon. THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. 77 Mi s'e Alexander Giffard li pruz chivaler. Qe touz fu enarmes vistes & leger. - Ceo apparust a nn jour qant voleit pfiter . Prendre conge a Sarazins pr eaux encumbrer . Sir' Joh'ne de Bretain sun chivaler nori . Qe esteit de Boban e nent de Normandi. Qant sun seingnr dust eaider cii seingnr & doni. En le flum tant tost se mist nee se rendi. Avant chivacherunt mult tresdurement. 240 Avant qe furent mors oscierunt plus de cent. Des Sarazins firent mult martirement. Checun curt a un amirel de qor.hardiment Mort les abaterent ne vaut nul garnement. Pr la mort amireaux gant cri est leve . Les Sarazins solders la gent malure . Manacent ferement p Mahun vnt iure . James naverent repose jesqes soint ben venge . Sarazins y furent derer & devant. E doner ent gant coleies a la gent vaillant. 250 E il fererunt arer nemi com enfant. O espees de asser qe furent mult trenchant . Qar lur launces furent despesses en qarant . Ferm tenderent ensemble li bon chivaler . Checun pres alter solom lur poar . Qant qe poaint ateindre firent demorer. Mort ou de trenche saunz nul m'ci aver. Les Krestiens vount les Sarazins chasaunt Com leverers freint bestes vers le boiz fuant. slew many a Saracen with his murdering sword : there was no Saracen so bold, who did not in the field experience its power ; also the valorous knight Sir Alexander Giffard, who was always swift and active in arms : this appeared one day, when he wished to turn it to advantage, by retreating from before the Saracens, in order to embarrass them. Sir John de Bretain, his adopted knight, who was of Bourbon, and not of Normandy,6 when he should have aided his lord and benefactor, cast himself into the river, and was drowned. They advanced and fought most obstinately, and before they fell, killed, upwards of an hundred, making great slaughter among the Saracens. Each with a bold heart rushed up to an amiral, and struck him dead : no defence could avail. A great cry was raised upon the death of the amirals : the Saracen soldiers, wretched race, menaced them fiercely, and swore by Mahomet they would take no rest till they had amply avenged them. The Saracens were on all sides and gave their valiant enemy furious blows, and struck them behind, not children's blows,7 with their right trenchant swords of steel, for their lances were shivered in pieces. The good Knights kept firmly together, each as near the other as he could. They killed and wounded without mercy all whom they could come up with. The Christians chased the Saracens, ° This distinction appears to have been made to prove he was a Frenchman. 7 " I wot yt was no chylder game whan thay togedyr met." Turnament of Tottenham. 280 78 THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. Entour ces sinqe chivalers sunt environez. 260 Un g^t ost des Sarazins de gent eschumengez Des chivaux & des armes ben sunt estorez . Qant veint les chivalers mult sunt esmaez . Sir' Alexander Giffard dit a son seingnr. Sire qest tun conseil pr le Dieu amr. De cele ost des Sarazins qe no9 veint entf - Dewom cy demorer ou fuer de poour. Ly Count respoundi dunqes de mon8 hardi qor. Issi deist jescun de no9 sa pruesse mustrer. Ja com les chenes les irrum encontrer . 270 Pur lamr Ih'u Krist ci volum9 devier. Pur lamr Ih'u Krist venims en cest' tere. Nost'e heritage p pruesse conqere. Cele joie celestiene pr nul alt' affere. Ci ne venims detenir ost ne nule guere. Mes S'e Alexander Giffard si vo9poez eschaper. Vo9 qe gardez mes bienes & estes mun chivaler. Enter mes gentz si deptez mun aver. Qe ma alme soit resceu en joie tot p'mer. Donez apovers religious pr moi chaunterunt. E a povers engleis qen le ost combaterunt. E a povers malades qe g"nt mestier enunt. E a mesalux & orphanyns qe pr ma alme p'erent . Donez pr ma alme mon or & mun argent. Mon tresoper & mes armes donez a bon gent . Et trestut mes alters bienes donez si sagement. Qe od moi eiez la joie od Dieu onipotent. as greyhounds would pursue beasts flying to the woods. Around these five Knights gathered a great host of the unbelieving race of Saracens, well equipped with horses and arms, who, when they saw the Knights, were much amazed. Sir Alexander Giffard said to his lord, " Sir, for the love of God, what do " you advise? Ought we to remain here, or flee for fear from the host of Sara- " cens who surround us?" The Earl answered with a bold heart, " Here " ought each of us to show his prowess. Let us rush on to encounter them " like dogs. For the love of Jesus Christ here we desire to die : for the love " of Jesus Christ we came into this land, to obtain our inheritance by valour " — the joy celestial — for no other object came we hither to maintain host " or war. But, Sir Alexander Giffard, if you can escape, you who take care " of my property, and are my Knight, distribute my goods in this manner " among my people. That my soul may forthwith be received in bliss, " give to the poor religious, that they may sing for me ; and to the poor Eng- " lish who shall have fought in the host, and to the poor sick who are in " great need, and to the lepers and the orphans, that they may pray for my " soul. Give for my soul my gold and my silver ; give my valuables and my " arms to brave persons, and bestow all my other goods so wisely, that you " may with me be in joy with God Omnipotent." 8 Sic in the MS. query " son." THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. 79 Un chivaler de Normudie qe fu en la meingne Li bon Count Willam de Longespee . E aqi mons'e Willam avoit mult fie . 290 Enhaut cria sidist S'e p charite. Sir' ce dist il fuums utre ce flum si lee . Tant y vient des Sarazins ne proms aver dore. Ne fuerai se dist le Count Willam Longespee . Ja a chivaler Engleis ne serra reprove . Qe pr poour me fui de Sarazin malure Jeo vinqe cy pr Dieu servire sili plest agre. Pur ly voil mort suffrir qe pr moi fu pene. Mes avant qe soi mort me vendrai chere marche. Si vo9 ne voilez aler ce dist le chivaler . 300 Jeo me vois enhaste ne voile plus demorer . Vaten si dist le Count qe avez enpenser. Vo9 mesmes metter ahunt ni ad qe sojorner. . II curt a son bon chival qe tresbien fu arme . Si se mest en le flum lewe ad enporte. Li & sun chival nea de son bon gre. Lalme fu tantost au Deble comande. Et meint alter Fraunceis se nea le jour. De la vie perdre tant enaveint poour. Sils se fussent combatu pr le Dieu amr. 310 Lur almes fussent en joie od lur Creaf". Le Count manda a frer Richard si sen vout aler. Et a S'e Rauf de Flaundres qe mult lama cher. Et a Sir' Roberd de Widele le hardi bacheler . Et a S'e Richard de Guise qe porta son baner . Volevo9 aler ent & lesser moi demorer. A Knight of Normandy, who was in the retinue ofthe good Earl William de Longespee, and in whom Monsieur William had much confidence, cried aloud to his lord. " For pity's sake, Sir," said he, " let us flee beyond this wide river, for so many Saracens are approaching, that we shall not be able to hold out longer." " I will not flee," said the Earl William Longespee : ¦ " Never shall an English " knight be reproached with my having fled from the wretched Saracens " for fear. I came here to serve God, if it be his will : for him will I " suffer death, who gave himself up for me. But before I die, I will sell my " life dearly." — "If you will not go," said the Knight, "I will go instantly; " I will stay no longer." — " Go, then," said the Earl ; " you who have resolved " to dishonour yourself, have no reason for staying here." He fled on his good horse, which was well armed, and cast himself into the river : the water carried him away, and, being at its mercy, he and his horse were drowned. His soul was presently with the Devil. And many another Frenchman was drowned that day, they had such fear of losing their lives [by the hands of the Saracens] If they had fought for the love of God, their souls would have been in bliss with their Creator. The Earl demanded of Brother Richard, if he wished to go : and of Sir Rauf " de Flaundres, who loved him dearly, and of the brave bachelor Sir Robert " de Widele, and of Sir Richard de Guise, who bore his banner, " Will you " depart and leave me remaining ? for, before I go, I will suffer my head to be 80 THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. Avant qe men alase lerrai la teste coper . Trestouz responderent en ire tresgaunt. Qe se ne feissent mi pr home qest vivant. Dieu no9 seit enaie & Seint Jorge le vaillant 320 Dist chescun pr sei a Dieu me comand. Dist le Count dunqes li bon Longespee. Tenoms ferm ensemble si averoms tut waine. Tant com prroms endurer ne serroms dampne. Si no' serrom9 oscis no9 serroms touz save. Les Sarazins vnt enyirone les chivalers vaillant . Ben arme & ben monte od les espees tranchant. A pee & a chival derer & devant. Li noumbre ne savoit dire nul home vivant . Mons'e Richard de Guise qe porta le baner. 330 Et le bon Longespee li hardi chivaler . Entre le gaunt prese com il se dust fner. La senestre maine lui fu cope dount porta le baner . De ces moyngnus le rescust & se teint le baner . Cum hardi & vaillaunt & vigruz bachiler. Et S'e Rauf de Henfeld le hardi combatant. Pur lamr Ih'u Crist mult vendi cher sun sanqe Et S'e Roberd de Wadele le prus chivaler. Qe vnqes ala enost son seingnr eaider. Et frer Richad de Ascalon li noble guerrer. 340 Mult des'vi ben ce jour la joie du cele aver. Lur chivaux furent oscis si esturent apee Reddement se combaterent pr lamr De. Sire Alexander Giffard est ben eschape. Lor & largent qe a lui fu baile. A qilli ensemble les chivaux & les ad charge. Sise prent le chimin v's Damout la cite. " cut off?" — They all indignantly answered, that " they would not do so for " any man living. God be our helper and St. George the valiant ! — I com- " mend me to God," said each to himself. Then said the good Earl Longespee, " Let us keep firm together, so shall we possess every advantage : as long as " we can hold out, we shall suffer no loss ; and if we be slain, we shall all obtain " salvation." The Saracens surrounded the valiant knights, well armed and well mounted, with trenchant swords, on foot and on horse, behind and before : no living man could tell their number. Monsieur Richard de Guise, who bore the banner of the bold Knight the good Longespee, as he was turning round in the crowd, had his left hand, which supported the banner, cut off: but with his stump he recovered and held it, like a brave, valiant, and vigorous bachelor. And the bold combatant Sir Rauf de Henfeld, for the love of Jesus Christ sold his blood right dearly ; and the valorous knight Sir Robert de Wadele, who always went in the host to aid his lord. And the noble warrior Brother Richard de Ascalon fought well that day, to obtain the joys of Heaven. As their horses were slain, they remained on foot, and fought stoutly for the love of God. Sir Alexander Giffard escaped with the gold and silver which was delivered to him. He got the horses together and loaded them, and took the road towards' THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. 81 II saut en le flum qest longe & lee . Ari^er vout a Diote com est encomence. A son seingnr fien le bon Longespee . 350 Pur deptir sun aver com lout comande. Si tost com il furent en le flum entre. Les Sarazins felons les unt ben esgarde. Le fu Gregeis qe fust chaut sr eaux unt gete. Ciles unt ars en poudre ne remist un pee. Mult fortment fust le Count des Sarazins mene. Oscir ne poant son chival si ben fust arme. Ne a tere trer le poant li vaillant dure Mes del estru senestre fu le pee cope. Mult g'hint doel fu de ce corps qe issi fu mangle. 369 Qant senti le Count qe sun pee fu pdu. De son bon chival a tere est descendu. Frer Richard apel de Aschalons ou est tu . Aiez ore frer no9 avoms ore pdu. Le frer fust mult vaillant ne se retraist arere . En conforta le Count ben en sa manere. Ne vo9 esmaiez s'e Dieu ora ta p'ere Et sa douce Mere qe li ad tant'chere. Frer Richard de Ascalon son chival out pdu. Meint pleie en le mond dieu avoit il rescu. 370 the city of Damout. He leaped into the long and wide river ; he wished to arrive at Diote, as he had promised his liege lord the good Longespee, for the purpose of distributing his property according to his commands. As soon as they entered the river, the perfidious Saracens observed them, and cast the Greek fire,9 which was intensely hot, upon them ; but they would have been burnt to dust rather than have moved back a foot. The Earl was beset by the Saracens very stoutly : they could not kill his horse, so well was he armed, nor could they drag down the valiant hero to the ground, but they cut off his left foot with the stirrup. Right grievous was it to see his body so mangled. When the Earl felt that he had lost his foot, he alighted from his good horse, and called to Brother Richard, " Where art thou, De Ascalon ? Assist us, Brother, for now are we lost." The Brother was right valiant, and retreated not. He comforted the Earl after his man ner : "Be not dismayed, Sir; God will hear thy prayer and his sweet Mo- " ther, who is so dear to Him." Brother Richard de Ascalon lost his horse : himself God rescued from many a wound in the world. > And Sir Robert de 9 The chief ingredient of the Greek fire was naphtha — a light, tenacious, in flammable oil, which springs from the earth and catches fire as soon as it comes in contact with the air : this naphtha, combined with sulphur and pitch, caused a loud explosion, attended with a thick smoke and a fierce and obstinate flame, which was quickened by water, and could only be damped by sand or vinegar. The secret of compounding and directing this artificial flame was imparted to the Romans of the East by Callinicus, a native of Heliopolis in Syria. It was pretended that the mystery of the Greek fire was revealed to Constantine the Great by an angel, with a sacred injunction, that it should never be communi cated to any foreign nation. It was thus confined to the Romans of the East above 400 years, when it was stolen by the Mahomedans, who, in the Holy Wars of Syria and Egypt, retorted an invention which had been employed with such eminent success against themselves by the Christians. G 380 82 THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. Et S'e Roberd de Wadele se combati tant. Plus ne pout endurer a Dieu sen va od tant Et S'e Rauf de Henfeld sun compaingnon vaillant Mult bele compaingnie teint entut son vivant A Sarazins firent ils maux e les demanglerent. Et asez se vendirent cher eynz qe morerent. Sur les espaules le frer se poa le Longespee . Lespee trenchant en sa maien ne out qe un pee Touz ceaux qe pout ateinder la teste ad cope. Ne esparnia haut ne has .si ben fust arme. Un soldan dit a Count rende vo9 hastiment. Ne poez aver dure en conter tant de gent. Rende vo9 enhast si vo9 dirra coment. Voster corps saverai & savera de torment. A ceo respound le Count & haut voiz escrie . Ja ne place Dieu le fiiz seint Marie. Qe jammes entre Crestiens a nul jour soit oie. Qe jeo me renqe a Sarazins tanqe com ai la vie. Sil ne soit a lur testes coper od ma espee forbie . Dunqe dist le soldan ke out anoun Mescadel. 390 Si ceo ne facez de Sarazins cruel. Vo9 frai tot de trancher com char pr mett'e en eel. Ja ne vo9 saverai tun seingnr qest si lei. En haut cria le Count & dist hautment . Ore vo'1 savez si vo9 poez vilen pudlent. James a vo9 ne alt' pr manance ne pr turment. Ne refuserai Ih'u Crist un Dieu omnipotent. Dunqe fust le Count mult forment asailli . Sil refert arer od espee furbi Wadele fought so hard that he could no longer hold out — to God he departed together with his valiant companion Sir Rauf de Henfeld, who associated all his life long with the bravest. They inflicted great evils on the Saracens, and cut them to pieces, and sold their lives very dearly. Longespee supported himself on the shoulders of the Brother, his slashing sword in his hand, and with only one foot. He cut off the head of every one he could reach, and spared neither high nor low, however well armed. A Soldan said to the Earl, " Surrender immediately, you cannot hold out longer " against so many ; surrender instantly : if you will say so, I will defend " your person, and protect you from torment." To this the Earl answering cried with a loud voice, " May it please God the Son of the blessed Mary, " that never among Christians it may be heard that I yielded aught to the Sara- " cens so long as I had life, except it were to cut off their heads with my " bright sword." Then said the Soldan, whose name was Mescadel, " If you " will not do this, you shall be cut up by cruel Saracens like meat to put in " salt. Nor shall your Lord, in whom you confide, save you." The Earl replied proudly, and with a loud voice, "Save yourself if you can, base vil- " lain ! Never to you or to any other will I, by menace, or from the fear of " torment, renounce Jesus Christ, God omnipotent." Then was the Earl most sharply assailed. So he again struck behind with his bright sword, and cut THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. 83 De trenche les Sarazins qe sunt ent' lui. 400 Et totes hures en haut voiz p1' Dieu m'ci. Dunqe dist le Count a son ch' compaingnon. Qe hardi fust & vaillant frer Richard Descalon . Tenoms ferm ensemble tant com no1' vivom . Si vendums cher n're vie einz qe no9 mrroum. Volunters dist li frer p Ih'u le fiiz Marie. James vo9 defaudra tanqe com ai la vie. Amdeux le bones vaillanz ferm ensemble se tindrent. Pr bien ferir lur enemys nule rene se feindrent. Li vaillant Count de Salesburi fust dunqe irrez. 410 Eaux dieux furent asailli de Sarazins malurez Trestouz les voleint trancher de lur bones espees Mes eaux arer ferent cii vaillanz esprovez Li vaillant Count hardi saut a un amirel Au fii de Roi Egipte si out anoun Abrael. De sun espee trenchant li donne coupe novel. La teste li fendi en dieux le corps chet en le gravel . Mult t'sben le seingna sachez saunz faile. Ben aparust qe sun espee fust de bon taile. La teste le fist trehaut voler demeintenant. 420 Le corps chet a son pee le soldan veant. Sa alme enporta Ruflini en enfern chantant Ceo vit frer Richard li hardi e alose Qel coup le Count donat al amirel deue. Tantost se mist avant en mesmes le chivache. Et sinqe Sarazins felouns il ad amort livere . Un Sarazin felon vint sr chival crrant. Un espee en sa maine red fust tranchant. A vaillant Count dona vn coup t"pesant. La maine destre li copa dont tint lespee avant. 430 down the Saracens who were around him, who all cried loudly, " Mercy, for God's sake !" Then said the Earl to his dear companion the brave and valiant Brother Richard de Ascalon, " Let us keep firm together as long as we live, so shall we sell our lives dearly." " Willingly," said the Brother ; " By Jesus the son of Mary, never will I fail you so long as I have life." Both the heroes kept firm together, and did their utmost to strike their enemies with effect. The valiant Earl of Salisbury then became infuriate. They were both assailed by the wretched Saracens, who all wished to cut tnem down with their good swords; but they struck the Saracens behind like experienced war riors. The valiant and brave Earl rushed on an amiral, the son of the King of Egypt, whose name was Abrael, and with his trenchant blade gave him a new blow : he cut his head in two, and the body fell to the earth, copiously bleeding, be assured. It well appeared of what good temper his sword was. He caused the head to fly upwards presently ; the body fell at his feet in sight of the Soldan. His soul Ruflini carried away chanting to Hell. When the brave and renowned Brother Richard saw what a blow the Earl had given to the amiral, he advanced and put to death five perfidious Saracens. A perfidious Saracen came galloping up on horseback, grasping firmly a trenchant sword, and giving the Earl a very heavy blow cut off his right hand, in G 2 84 THE ASSAULT OF MASSOURA. Dunqe fust le gentil corps ferement demembre. Le pee senestre li fust tolet & la maine destre cope. Qmt avoit la main perdu dunqes ce treist arer. A Ih'u Crist omnipotent fist vne tiel priere. Qe si ceo fust a soun pleisir pr lamour sa Mere Vengem't li donast de ceste gent amere. Le hardi corps & vaillaunt sur 15 pee saut avaunt. A un Turcois feloun qi out a noun Espiraunt. En la maine senestr' prist lespee tr'nchaunt . E le vis ou le mencoun li mist ayalaunt. 440 Un alt' coup li dona, tut en qermisaunt. La main sinestr' dout tint lespe li fist voler avant. Dunq' chet a t're le vaillaunt Longespee Q' ne pout esteer plus sur lun pee. Sarazins crrerut mult joiouse & lee Ce lour espees tr'nchaunz li ount tut mangle . Frer' Richard de Ascalon li hardi cobataunt Sur le Count chei naufre e senglaunt. Pur tote la t're de Fraunce neust ale avant. Quant vit mort le Count, mort se rend a tant. 450 Sir' Richard de Guise porta soun baner. Vit son seignur morir le bon Bacheler. A plus tost q' il pout saunz plus sojorner Chet sur seignr si li leste detrencher. Li Count & li Baneour & ses Bachelers. E Sir' Rauf de Henfeld hardi e fiers. & Sir' Robert Widele q' li ama mult chiers . Toutz cinqe sunt occis li bons Cheualers. Toutz cinqe ensemble furent ensi occis. Ih'u les Ahnes ad en Parais. 460 which he held his sword in advance. Then was the noble body cruelly dismem bered ; for the left foot and the right hand were cut off. When he had lost his hand, he drew back, and prayed to Jesus Christ Almighty, that, if it pleased Him, for the love of his Mother he would allow him vengeance on that bitter race. The bold and valiant body rushed forward on one foot towards a perfidious Turk, whose name was Espiraunt. In his left hand he grasped his slashing sword, and struck off the Turk's face with his chin, but while expiring the Turk gave him another blow, and caused the left hand holding the sword, to fly in front. Then the valiant Longespee fell to the ground, for he could no longer stand on one foot. The Saracens ran up right joyous and glad, and with their tren chant swords cut him to pieces. The brave warrior Brother Richard de Ascalon fell wounded and bleeding upon the Earl, nor for all the land of France would he have gone away; when he saw the Earl dead, he gave himself up to death also. Sir Richard de Guise, who carried his banner, when he saw his lord die, the good bachelor, as soon as he could, without more delay, fell upon his lord and suffered him self to be cut to pieces. The Earl and his Bannerer, and his Bachelors, and Sir Rauf de Henfeld the bold and brave, and Sir Robert Widele, who loved him right dearly, all five good Knights were slain — all five were thus slain together. Their souls are with Jesus in Paradise. 85 HENRY THE SEVENTH. EXTRACTS FROM THE PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF KING HENRY THE SEVENTH, FROM DECEMBER A° 7, 1491, TO MARCH A" 20, 1505. The importance of the " Privy Purse Expenses" of our monarchs, in eluci dation of the history, the manners, the customs, the prices of commodities, the state of literature, and more than all, of the personal character of the Sovereign to whom they relate, has at length been generally admitted ; and no future his torian of England will venture to neglect such unerring evidence of the dates of events, and not unfrequently of the real motives which led to them. Accounts of this nature are part of the most valuable materials for genuine history ; and whenever the attention of the Government may be directed to a more extensive publication of historical data, these records, of which a great number of all pe riods is preserved, will be printed by its authority. The truth of the above remarks on the value of Accounts of this description, is strongly confirmed by the following extracts from those of fourteen years of the reign of Henry the Seventh; and the best mode of proving their claims to attention, is by stating some of the many points on which light is thrown, con nected with the general history and state of society at the period. There is scarcely a political circumstance between the seventh and twentieth years of his reign to which some reference does not occur. For the expeditions into France, the costs ofthe necessary preparations in arms and shipping are men tioned ; the date ofthe proclamation ofthe peace in October 1492 is corrected; and proof occurs ofthe immense bribe which was given to Sir Robert Clifford for betraying his accomplices in the conspiracy in favour of Warbeck, in January 1495. Notices will be found of the arrival of, and rewards given to, various ambassadors ; of payments to numerous spies ; of the apprehension of criminals ; of money given to Sir Edward Stanley, the Lord Chamberlain, at his execution, the payments of his debts and of his funeral charges by the King, which tend to shew Henry's remorse at, or at least regret for, his death ; of the wages of the Army, and the expenses of the Navy ; of the hallowed sword and cap of main tenance presented to Henry by the Pope ; of the battle of Blackheath, and capture of Lord Audley ; of the discovery of Newfoundland, with ample evi dence of the encouragement which the King afforded to an intercourse with it, by lending and giving money to various persons for the equipment of ships for the purpose ; of the army sent into Devonshire against Perkin Warbeck in Sep tember 1497, the proceedings to subdue the rebellion in his favour, the King's journey to Taunton, and of Perkin's surrender, which occurred some days earlier, and at a different place from that stated by Bacon and other authorities ; of the horses and other articles procured for his wife, Lady Katheriue Huntley ; of the various expenses incurred by Perkin whilst in the King's hands ; of the presentation of his standard to Henry ; of his escape, and of the measures adopted to retake him in Junel498; and of areward to the heretick, whom Bacon says the King converted at Canterbury. The marriages and burials of several mem bers of the Royal Family are mentioned ; and presumptive proof occurs, that Henry really meant to assist the Knights of Rhodes in September 1500, and 86 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF consequently that Bacon's suspicion is unjust. Each of the places visited by the King during the whole of the fourteen years is named ; and in a word these Accounts corroborate and add to that which was previously known ; they bring many new facts, some of them of importance, and all of interest, to light ; and what is scarcely of less value, they fix the precise dates of most events of the time. Of Henry's personal character, many entries tend to create a highly favour able impression; and there is not a single one which justifies the generally received opinion, that lie was miserly or avaricious ; that he lived on terms of unkindness with his wife ; or' that he was a harsh and vindictive sovereign. On the contrary, many payments shew that he was merciful, considerate, and liberal. Much money was given in alms, both through the almoner, and for the gratification of sudden impulses of benevolence ; and compensation was made to numerous individuals who had been accidentally injured in their persons or property, or who had been wrongfully accused or arrested. Prisoners were often redeemed out of the Marshalsea, King's Bench, and Newgate. The debts of several criminals, together with the costs of their funerals, were paid by his command ; and to the widows of the Lord Fitz Walter, and of Perkin Warbeck, he granted an annuity. His schoolmaster and the son of his nurse partook of his bounty, whilst people of all classes who contributed to his amusement were well paid for their services. In contradiction to the idea that he lived on ill terms with the Queen, it appears that he fre quently presented her with money, jewels, frontlets, and other ornaments, and paid her debts ; whilst she is recorded to have garnished, it may be inferred with her own hands, his salad, a kind of helmet, when he was about to accom pany his army. Henry's taste for literature, and patronage of its professors, was displayed in numerous rewards bestowed on persons for writing and pre senting books to him, and more particularly on poets, who are said by Warton to have swarmed about his Court ; and one of whom appears to have been attached to most of the members of his family. Among those who are ex pressly named, the existence of some of whom is only known from these notices, are Bernard Andreas, his poet laureate ; Hampton of Worcester, a maker of ballads ; Peter, an Italian poet ; the Prince's poet ; his mother the Countess of Richmond's poet ; and the Welsh rhymer; to each of whom, and to a Scotch rhymer, who apparently was William Dunbar, as well as to the Italian poet, he was extremely generous. The King moreover supported several scholars at the University, and, as well as the Queen, maintained children, who had been given to them. The printers at Westminster, including, by name, Richard Pynson, are mentioned, as well as the purchase of several books for his library, the care of which was confided to a person called Quintin Paulet. Pictures were also objects of his attention ; and his predilection for architec ture would seem, from the large sums laid out on his palaces at Shene, Wode- stock, and Langley, on St. George's Chapel, and on his Chapel in Westminster Abbey, to have amounted almost to a passion. Gratuities were frequently given to astronomers and physicians, and musicians were paid for composing masses and carols. His desire for the acquirement of jewels scarcely knew any bounds ; and on them alone he spent upwards of 110,000/. which for the time was an enormous 1491. J HENRY THE SEVENTH. 87 sum. To judge from the long catalogue of musicians and musical instruments, flutes, records, trumpets, sackbuts, harps, shalmes, bagpipes, organs and round organs, clavycords, lutes, horns, pipers, fiddlers, singers, and dancers, Henry's love of music must have been great, which is farther established by the fact that in every town he entered, as well as on board the ship which conveyed him to Calais, he was attended by minstrels and waits. His other amusements con sisted of chess, cards, dice, tables or back-gammon, cleke, and tennis ; in wit nessing the feats of players, tumblers, swimmers, wrestlers, leapers, and maurice-dancers ; in listening to the witty sallies of the train of fools and joculars with which the Court was crowded ; in revels and disguisings ; and in the more manly exercises of jousts and shooting at the butts. Many of the sports of the age, — bull-baiting, throwing at cocks at Shrovetide, bonfires, the May games, &c. — are occasionally alluded to ; and perhaps there is no record extant, which is richer in those illustrations of early manners that form a delightful treat to the antiquary, or in those traits of character, and authe ntic references to public events, which are invaluable to the historian. These extracts have been selected from a manuscript compiled several years since by Craven Orde, Esq. one of the Secondaries of the office of the King's Remembrancer of the Court of Exchequer, and now among the Additional MSS. in the British Museum, No. 7099. The originals, doubtless, form part of the muniments of the King's Remembrancer's Office ; and though the great exertions which have been made to collate these extracts with them received every assistance from the King's Remembrancer, and the other officers, they failed because those MSS. are presumed to be in some of the numerous bags that are lying unarranged in Westminster Hall, — an examination of which could only be effected at a sacrifice of time and expense which no private individual can incur. The impossibility of seeing the originals is the more to be regretted, as a few words are, it is presumed, erroneously copied ; but the general accuracy is sufficient to justify the valuable historical, biographical, and antiquarian facts contained in these Accounts being thus brought into notice. The figures must, in the original, have been in the Roman character ; but as in Mr. Orde's copy they are placed in the common way, it was not thought advisable to differ from it, especially as the latter are much more readily understood. A" 7 H. VII. 1491. December 24. To Righton riding -with letters to Steven Bulle, John Castelleyn, and Rich. Berkeley, Tho. Oxenbrig, Sir John Guylford, the Captanes of the shippes of werr of Calaie, and to Jacques de la Chapell, 16s. Qd. For heling of a seke body this day, 6s. 8d. A donation to a person whom the King touched for the evil. Nu merous examples of people being " healed" occur in the Privy Purse Expenses of Henry VIIL between 1529 and 1532 : on every occasion they received 7s. 6d. whereas these were paid only 6s. Sd. To a fello with a berde a spye in rewarde, £1. To two monkes aspyes in rewarde, £2. Payments to spies are frequently mentioned. 88 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1492. To John Boone, herrald at armes, in rewarde, £3. 6s. 8d. To Ringley, lorde of mysrewle, upon a prest, £5. 26. To the Kinges Confessor, to offre at Canterbury 20s., for almosse by the wey 6s. 8d., and for his costs 20s., in all, £2. 6s. 8d. The King's confessor was often sent to offer at the shrine of Thomas a Becket. 27. To the Scolers of Oxonford for ther exebucon, and for mak ing of two Baculers of Arte, £11. 13s. 4d. A" 1492. Jan. 2. To Carter for writing of a boke, 7s. 4td. 5. To ij Sweches grete taberers, £2. Persons who played on the great tabor. 8. To the King to pley at car des, £5. 8. At Thiselworth [i. e. Isleworth]. To him that brought the pronosticacon, 6s. 8d. Probably a kind of barometer. On other occasions, a priest and an astronomer were rewarded for bringing " prognostications." Among the effects of Henry VIIL was a "Prognostication covered with green velvet."— Harleian MS. 1419. 15. Delivered by the Kinges comandement for diverse juels pledges oute of London for the household, £350. To one that had his hand smyten off, £1. 1 6. To one that brought the King a lyon in rewarde, £2. 13s. Ad. 18. At Windesor. 24. At Shene. For a bow bought for my Lorde Prince, 6s. 8d. Arthur Prince of Wales, who was then between five and six years of age. 29. To my Lady £of] York mynstrels in rewarde, £1. Cecily Duchess of York, widow of Richard Duke of York, mother of King Edward the Fourth, and grandmother of the Queen. This illus trious lady was the daughter of Ralph Neville Earl of Westmoreland, and died in the Castle of Berkhamsted, 31 May, 1495. An interesting account of her manner of living in the latter part of her life occurs in the " Collection of Ordinances of the Royal Household," 4to. 1790. Feb. 10. To a litell feloo of Shaftesbury, £1. 1 2. To Peche the fole in rewarde, 6s. 8d. i. e. Patch, a common appellation for fools, perhaps derived from their fantastic costume. 25. At the Tour. March 1. To the Walshmen on Saint David day, £2. To the Kinges norysshe sonne in rewarde, 13s. 4d. 4. To the childe that playeth on the records, £1. To my Lord of Suffolkes mynystrels in rewarde, 13s. 4d. Edmond de la Pole Duke of Suffolk, K.G. son of John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, by Elizabeth Plantageuet, sister of King Edward IV. He was beheaded in 1513. 1492.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 89 7- To one Smert for an Englisshe Boke, £1. To a Brutan Lodesman of the Regient, 13s. Ad. A Briton who was Lodesman, i. e. pilot, of the Regent, one of the King's largest ships. April 6. At Shene. To Guillim for flotes with a case, £3. 10s. Flutes. Thus Chaucer : " Singing he was, orfloyting alle the day." To Doctor Fitz James for preching, £1. Richard Fitz James, the descendant of an ancient family seated at Redlynch in Somersetshire; Bishop of Rochester in 1497; Chichester in 1504; and London in 1506. He died in January 1522. — Similar payments occur in March 1493 and in 1494. 14. To Master Lynche the Phisicon, £3. 6s. 8d. This person is mentioned in the Queen's " Privy Purse Expenses," as being sent for once from London to Greenwich in May 1502, and to Oxford in November following, pp. 14. 59. 15. At Windsor. To a woman of Windesor for surdeac, 5*. 19. At Shene. To a woman for the Kinges childe, 6s. 8d. For the expenses of a child which had been presented to the King. See a subsequent note on this subject. 22. To a woman for bringing aqua vite, 3s. Ad. May 7- At Shene. To the clerk of the werkes for making of the lystes at Shene, £24. 2s. lOci " In the month of May 1492, was holden a great and valiant justing, within the Kinges mannor of Shine, nowe called Richmond, the which endured by the space of a moneth, sometime within the saide place and sometime withoute uppon the greene without the gate of the said mannor. In the which space a combat was holden and done betwixt Sir James Parkar, knight, and Hugh Vaughan, gentleman usher, uppon controversie for the armes that Gartar gave to the sayde Hugh Vaughan; but hee was there allowed by the King to bare them, and Sir James Parkar was slaine at the first course. The cause of his death was thought to belong of a false helmet, which by force of the cronacle fayled, and so he was striken into the mouthe, that his tongue was borne into the hinder part of the head, and so he died incontinently." — Stow's Annals, p. 475- For speres, sperehedes, and vamplates, £12. 5s. 6d. Weapons for the King's expedition into France to assist Maximilian King of the Romans, against Charles the Eighth. Other notices of preparations for this war occur in subsequent entries. 8. For making a case for the Kinges suerde, and a case for James Hides harp, £1. Os. 8d. 13. To the Quenes grace for golde wyer, £2. 6s. 8d. 20. For offring at Master Scrops mariage, 6s. 8d. It may be inferred that the King honoured the nuptial ceremony with his presence whenever he is mentioned as having offered at it. 90 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1492. 21. To Assheby for writing ofa boke, 4s. Ad. This and similar entries are most likely of payments for copying books. 27- Delivered by the Kinges comandement for diverse peces of cloth of gold, and for certain and many precyouse stones and riche perlis bought of Lambardes for the garnyshing of salades, shapnes, and helemytes agenst the King's noble voyage, £3800. Between this date and the 22nd Hen. VII. above 110,000/. were spent in jewels and precious stones. June 2. For offring at Sir Charles Sommerset mariage, 6s. 8d. Sir Charles Somerset, K.G. Captain of the King's Guards, natural son of Henry Beaufort Duke of Somerset. He married, and it appears from these Accounts about the commencement of June 1492, Elizabeth daughter and sole heiress of William Herbert second Earl of Pembroke. In 1506 he was created Baron Herbert of Raglaud; and in 1514 Earl of Worcester. He was the ancestor of the Duke of Beaufort. 4. To Dr. Holand the Phisican, £2. To bere drunken at a fermors house, Is. To Sir Edw. Borough whiche the King lost at Buttes with his crossebow, 13s. Ad. 9. To one that brought the King a box with pomand, 10s. Pomander, a sweet or perfumed ball or powder ; from Pomme d'ambre. 10. To a Spaynarde that pleyed the fole, £2. 17- To Master Guylford for speres, sperehedes, and vamplates for the justes, £9. 6s. 8d. 18. To the folysshe Duke of Lancastre, 3s. Ad. It is very remarkable, considering that it was Henry's object to raise the House of Lancaster in the public estimation, that he should have allowed this name to have been given to one of his fools. 21. Delivered by the Kinges comandement for certayn white harnesses for his wyeage bought, £675. 29. To the Sweches for a slyng in rewarde, 13s. Ad. To be in prest for a clok, £2. July 1 . To the King which he lost at cardes, £4. To Maw Pye riding with a proclamacon for the mynes of Gold, Silver, and other metalls to War', Hunt' Stamford, and other places, £2. 6s. 8d. 7- To one that was hurt with a gunne, 6s. 8d. To my Lorde Marquis for a ring of gold, £100. The Marquess of Dorset, who is again mentioned. 8. To the maydens of Lambeth for a May, 10s. 15. To a man of Suthwark wrongfully arrestede, £1. 19. At Windesor. To Sir John Hudelston servant, that brought tidings of Hopers takyng, in rewarde, 5s. To Sir John Hudelston for one that toke Hoper, 20s., and for hym that aspied Hoper in a tree, 40s., — £3. 1492.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 91 To three yomen of the grome for conveyng of Hoper from Windesor to the Toure for ther costs, 3s. In all probability one of the adherents of Perkin Warbeck; but his name is not mentioned by any writer of the time. To Kigheley for riding to the Shrif of Devon for the sure kepyng of one Damport, 13s. Ad. 22. At Grenewich.— 28. At Knoll. On the road to Canterbury, probably for the purpose of visiting the shrine of Thomas a Becket. His Majesty arrived there on the 1st of August, and returned to Greenwich on the 17th. It seems that he was accompanied by one of his fools. 30. At St. Mary Cray. — At Maidstone. 31 . At Sittingborne. To the foolyshe due of Lancastre, 6s. 8d. To the offring at the Rode of grace, 4s. To the shamews of Madeston in rewarde, 6s. 8d. It appears that wherever the King went he was received by the minstrels, waits, shalmews, and other musicians of the place. To two repeyeres at two feldes in rewarde, 2s. This donation to two reapers was probably in consequence of the King having entered the fields in which they were at work. For an horse and sadell bridell and spoures bought for Dego the Spanish fole, 18s. 6d. Aug. 1. At Canterbury. To the children for singing in the gardyn, 3s. Ad. 10. To a woman for a neste of leveretes, 3s. 4c?. To Frenshe riding to Winchelse for the oversight of a priste taken upon the se, 13s. 4c?. 13. At Sittingborne. — 15. At Maidston. 16. At Dertforde. — 17- At Grenewich. 26. To Sir Peter for gilting and lymnyng of a boke, £1. 15s. To the Quenes grace for a corporas, £1 . 3s. 4c?. The communion cloth. Aug. 27. At Windesor.— Sept. 4. At Dertford.— 7. At Maid stone. — 9. At Sittingborne. — 10. At Canterbury. — 24. At Sand wich. — To the mynstrels of Sandwych in rewarde, 10s. 2nd Oct. At Calaie by 11 o'clock. Dartford was the first stage on his Majesty's journey to Sandwich, where he embarked for Calais with his retinue against Charles the Eighth. Stow says, Henry left Greenwich on the 9th of September, took shipping at Sandwich on the 6th of October, and landed at Calais on the same day, but it appears from these accounts that he arrived in that town early on the 2nd of October. The King's proceedings in France are fully described by Hall aud Stow, and the following extracts from the latter writer are a sufficient illustration of the entries between the 4th October and 7th January. "The 15th [14th] October, he departed towards Bo- logne : the first night he lay at Sandingfield ; the next night at Mor- gison, where he met with the Earl of . Oxford, chief captain of the 92 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1492. foreward then come from the beating down of the town of Arde. With the Earl of Oxford came the Earls of Shrewsbury," &c. — " These lay that night at Morgison : the next night both the wards lay at Wimell, and the next night they came before Bologne, and there lay at siege till the 8th of November, at the which time the Lord Cordos, chief captain under the French King, in his master's name required peace, which Henry granted upon conditions." — " The King returned to Calais, and arrived at Dover on the 17th December, from whence he rode to Westminster, where he kept his Christmas with great solem nity." p. 477. The principal error in these statements is, that the peace was proclaimed four days earlier than Stow says it was " sought for," and the King returned to Calais on the 7th of November. Oct. 2. To the shipp botes that brought the Kinges grace to and fro the ship the Swan, £2. To the maryners of the same Swan, £6. 13s. 4c?. To the mynystrels that pleyed in the Swan, 13s. 4c? To Dego the Spanishe fole in rewarde, 6s. 8c?. 4. Delivered by the King's comandement to diverse creditours for as much money of them before tyme borrowed, £2646. 6s. 10c?. 14. Saundeford. — 15. M'gesen. — 17. Brytenvyle.— 18. At a vil lage, Wikersdenne, half a mile from Boillongue. 8. For hiring of bedds at Sandewich, 2s. 8c?. This, and the four next entries relate to expenses incurred on the King's journey from Windsor to Sandwich some weeks before, but they were probably not paid by the Keeper of the Privy Purse until after his Majesty's arrival at Calais. 18. To the waytes of Canterbury, 10s. To the waytes of Dover, 6s. 8c?. To the fery bote of Rochester in rewarde, £2. 24. To the torches brened at Rochester, £1. Is. To Ringeley, abbot of mysreule, £5. Nov. 4. Sunday the Peax cried. 7- Calais.— 10. Genes.— 11. Calais. Dec. 18. For hiring the Chapel stuff at Calaie, 10s. To one that had corn trodden down, 6s. 8d. A" 1493. Jan. 1. To the queresters at Paules and Saint Steven, 13s. 4c?. To Sir Edward Burgh for spices presented the King at West minster by a Spanyard, £2. 6. To Newark for making ofa song, £1. William Newark, a composer, and probably 'attached to the King's Chapel.— Wood's Fasti Oxonienses by Bliss, vol. i. p. 34. 7- To my Lorde of Northumblande pleyers in rewarde, £1. 21. To a preste that kepeth King Harry, 3s. 4c?. Query, a gift to the priest who " kept" the obit of Henry the Sixth. 26. To one that gave the King a Touche, 4s. 1493.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 93 Feb. 14. At Lambeth. To a woman that was with childe, 10s. Mar. 2. To Mast. Bray for rewardes to them that brought cokkes at Shrovetide at Westm", £1. Sir Reginald Bray, K.G. and a Knight Banneret, Treasurer of the King's Wars, a distinguished favourite of Henry VII. Bray's Chapel at Windsor is a monument of his taste and liberality. A memoir of him will be found in Kippis' Biographia Britannica. A. To a Scottish knight of the Rodes in rewarde, £10. 6. To his servant that come with hym in rewarde, £3. 6s. 10. To Dr. Hausie for preching this day, £1. To Harry the King's godson in rewarde, £1. Harry Pinago. Of this person nothing more has been ascertained. To Sir Charles Somerset for a present, 10s. For a par of tables and dise bought, Is. 4c?. To Nicoll Colles for writing of a matrimony, £2. Query, for drawing up a marriage settlement. 11. To Thomas Cornew for burying of Mast. Hasset, £2. 12s. lc?. 11. Delivered by the King's comandement to diverse creditours for as moche money of them borowed for the Kinges voyage over the see, £4644. 3s. To one that brought the King a fresh stirgeon, 13s. 4d. 22. To Lorde Bothwell for a Scott, £1. 6s. 8d. An account of this person, and two letters from him to Henry VII. to whom he sent secret information, will be found in Ellis' Original Letters, first series, vol. i. p. 22. Having incurred the displeasure of his sovereign, JamesilV. of Scotland, his estates were forfeited : he took refuge in England, and exerted himself against James. By in denture, dated in April 1491, he agreed that the Earl of Buchan and Sir Thomas Todd should deliver James, and his brother the Duke of Ross, into Henry's hands, for which service Henry advanced £266 . 1 3s. 4d. — Foedera, xii. 440. 25. To one that brought the King a masse of the Passyon of our Lady in rewarde, 6s. 8c?. To Harry Pynago, the King's godson, 16s. 8c?. To Robert Nicolls riding with a blaunche letter, 13s. 4c?. Apr. 6. To the olde Lady Berkeley, £2. Query, if Anne, daughter of John Fiennes Lord Dacre, widow and third wife of William Marquess Berkeley, who remarried Sir Thomas Brandon, Knight, and died 10th September, 1497 ? It was then, as now, a common practice to call women by the titles of their former husbands, if they were of higher rank than their second. Ano ther entry is of 40s. paid to her " in almasse." 10. To Griffith Aprice, a man with a berde, 6s. 8c?. 13. To six new chariet horses, £10. Delivered by the King's comandement for a Jewell bought ofa Lumbard, £100. 94 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1493. 15. At Windesor.— 21. At Rich. Lees.— 22. At Bucks. 23. For mending of the highway, 6s. 8c?. 25. At Banbury.— At Warwic. The King made a progress into Warwickshire in April in this year, and the names of the places he visited are here mentioned. 26. To a chariet man and six horses for the space of fourteen days, this day composed, £1. 5s. 8c?. Composed, i. e. reckoned. To yomen riding in the countre for to serche for the sekenes, for there costs, 13s. 4c?. Persons sent to ascertain whether there was any infectious disease in the places to which the King purposed going. 30. To the waytes of Coventre in reward, 10s. May 3. To a pursevant of the King of Romaynes in rewarde, £2. 13. To the waytes of Northampton in rewarde, 13s. 4c?. 16. To Pudesey piper on the bagepipe, 6s. 8c?. June 5. At Coventre. 14. To a servant of my Lorde Princes for two bremes, 10s. To John Smethe of Barnestale that was wrongfully peched and brought up, 6s. 8c?. 16. To one that brought fifty- three countrefete countres, 10s. Counters were pieces resembling money, formerly used in calcu lations. Palsgrave, in his Esclarcissement de la langue Francoyse, trans lates " Counters to caste a count with, by " ject." The word is thus used in the Wardrobe Accounts of Edward the Fourth in 1480. "For parchemyn, papir, ink, rede wexe, threde, nedels, counters, bagges of leder," &c. Those mentioned in the text were false counters, and were consequently seized. 23. To the making of the bonefuyr on Middesomer eve, 10s. 30. For making of the conyngerthe pale, £2. 19s. 8c?. A rabbit-warren. 30. To a woman that presented the King with cheryse and strawburyers in rewarde, Is. 8c?. July 1. To Enylden and Fulbroke riding for money makers to Abingdon for their costs, £1. Query, persons sent to apprehend coiners at Abingdon. This entry may perhaps be connected with the counterfeit counters before noticed. See also a subsequent entry. 23. To Harry Wyot for a white hoby, 16s. 28. To a woman that gave the King pooses, 3s. Ad. Aug. 23. To Dr. Maye for thexebucon of Thomas Phepo, £2. 5. To the young damoysell that daunceth, £30. Sept. 9. To Cobbe of the stable for a grey hounde, 14s. 4c?. 24. To hym that had his bull bayted in rewarde, 10s. For glaysing the Kinges chambre, 5s. 4c?. 1493. J HENRY THE SEVENTH. 95 Oct. 2. At Colyweston. 16. For carying of the Kinges harness from Colyweston unto Stony Streytford, 5s. 8c?. 17. At Morehende.— 20. At Ric. Lees — 22. At Windesor. 25. For burying of young Peroy at Stony Stretford, £1. 27. To Breust for finding of six horses and a man by a moneth, with sho and naile, and other reparacon, £3. 28. For carrying the Kinges harness from Stony Stretford to Windesor, and so to London, 8s. 8c?. Nov. 3. To John Flee for Dikks the foules rayment, £1. Is. 4. To my Lady the Kinges moder Chapleyn for certain masses said in halve a yere, £27- 19s. 2c?. Margaret Countess of Richmond. J* 5. To Garter herrald at armes in rewarde, £6. 13s. 4c?. 8. To one that was hurt with a chariet, 6s. 8c?. 12. To one Cornysshe for a prophecy in rewarde, 13s. 4c?. Probably the William Cornish jun. a composer, who is mentioned in Burney's " History of Music," and who, it seems from another entry, belonged to the King's Chapel. He was paid 13s. id. on Christmas Day 1502, for setting a carol. — The Queen's Privy Purse Expences, p. 83. 16. To a Scot that come with Edward Coke, £9. To Edwarde Coke for a rewarde, £2. 13s. 4c?. To Edwarde Coke presenting purses to the Quene, £1. To Walter Alwyn for the revells at Estermes, £13. 6s. 8d. 30. Delivered to Master Chaderton by thands of William Hungate for to pay the Quenes detts, £1314. lis. 6c?. Delivered to a merchaunt for a par of organnes, £30. Dec. 1. To Basset riding for thorgan pleyer of Lichefelde, 13s. 4c?. 6. Delivered by the Kings comandement for asmuch money borowed for the Kings voyage over see, £4870. 6. To Nicoll Hosear for a jerfaucon in rewarde, £1. To the King of Fraunce fole in rewarde, £4. 25. Delivered to the cofferer of household, £1444. 19s. 9c?. A° 1494. Jan. 1. To four pleyers of Essex in rewarde, £1. To the pleyers of Wymborne Mynystre, £1. To one that brought wyne from the Rodes, £2. For hoses bought for my Lorde Harry, 14s. Henry, the King's second son, afterwards Henry the Eighth; then about three years old. 2. For playing of the Mourice daunce, £2. For a dagger bought for the Kinges grace, £1. 6. For an estrych skynne for a stomacher, £1. 4s. " The placard, or stomacher, for the terms are synonymous, was used with the gown, as well as with the coat or jacket, and was sometimes 96 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1494. laced over it, so as to resemble the front of a woman's stays. They were generally made of cloth of gold, or other such materials, and were often adorned with jewels." — Strutt. This, it is believed, is the only ex ample of "An ostrich's skin" being used for the purpose. For clothing mad for Dick the fole, £1. 15s. 7c?. To the Frenche pleyers for a rewarde, £1. To the Kinges pleyers for a rewarde, £2. 13s. 4c?. 7. At Windesor.— 12. Wicombe. — 15. At Fowlers. The King arrived at Minster Lovell in Oxfordshire on the 18th of January, and returned to Windsor on the 25th. 17. At Wodestok.— -18. At Mynster Lovell. 15. To Sir Peter for a new albe bought, 6s. 8c?. To my Lord of Bedfordes tumbler in rewarde, 13s. 4c?. Jasper Tudor Duke of Bedford, the King's uncle. Died 1495, s. r. To mount Orgyll pursevant of Gurnesey, £2. 19. To the Scolers of Oxon for ther exebucon by one halve yere ended at Estermes last, £5. To Hanufe faucon for six pair of bells, 4s. 22. At Wodestok. — 23. At Fowlers — 24. At Wicombe.— 25. At Windesor. 22. To George Gaynesford for beelding at Wodestok wherof £9. is for the carpenter for making of the Halle rooffe, £49. The sum laid out at Woodstock was altogether about £.845. Gaynes ford is elsewhere called " Master George Gaynesford." To a pore man that suyth for his house, 3s. 4c?. To the King for his losse at cards, £2. 26. At Thistelworth. For the costs of the Frenshe Embassador, £3. 6s. 8d. 31. At Westminster. To the conestables that [toke] a naket man that said he was crosset, 6s. 8c?. Feb. 2. To an old man dwelling with my Lord Prince, £1. 3. To the Quenes grace for frontelets, £3. 13s. 4c?. 8. To litell Fraunces for three bokes, 12s. To Master Lewes the Quenes Phisicon, £2. 15. To Walter Alwyn in full payment for the disguysing made at Christenmes, £14. 13s. 4c?. 18. To Hugh Denes for colers and tables, 5s. To my Lady Margaret mynstrels, 10s. The King's mother. To Mastres Ehzabeth Portingales, £3. 6s. 8c?. 23. At Shene. 24. To Savage for setting over the King at Lambeth with the bote, 4s. Robert Savage was Master of the King's barge. Rot. Pari. vi. 377. 1494.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 97 For offring at Syon at the pardon, 13s. 4c?. The certificate of indulgence from the observances of certain religious duties. March 2. Delivered by the Kinges comandement for asmoche money before tyme borowed of diverse merchantes, £1 747- 6. To the Walshemen towards ther feste, £2. Given on the 1st ofthe month, St. David's day. 8. To Gregory for rowing thembassadour of Naples four tymes betwixt London and Westminster, 17s. 4c?. The earliest notice of these Neapolitan ambassadors in the Foedera is on the 27th August in this year, when the King granted them per mission to import a hundred casks of " gualdia," or woad, a kind of die. 12. To the Priour of Shene for beelding there, £200. The sum paid for building at Shene between this date and the 8th of January 1496, was £3729.: the last payment of £137. 2s. lid. to the Prior of Shene, was said to be in full payment of £4803. 16s. 3d. for building. The Palace at Shene was burnt down on the 21st of De cember 1497, and the expenses of rebuilding it will be hereafter noticed. 13. At Woxbrige. DeUvered by the Kinges comandement for sertayn peces of plate bought for the Kinges household ageynst Ester, £133. 6s. 8c?. The whole sum spent in money for plate for the household up to the 21 Hen. VII. was about £4000. To Mutisse the Frenshe secretary, £3. 6s. 8c?. John Meautis, the King's Secretary for the French language. — Foedera, xii. 566. 22. To a Dutch woman that sueth Harry Scott, £1. 25. To thirty-eight poer men in almes, £6. 0s. 4c?. For thirty-eight smale purses, Is. 8c?. On the King's Maunday : one being given to each of the thirty-eight poor men then relieved, a number corresponding with the King's age. To Dr. Mydelton for writings, 17s. A Robert Middleton, LL.D. was Rector of Dionis Backchurch, 1488. To thenxmen for ther rights, £1. Gratuities to the henchmen to reimburse them for their payment as offerings on taking the sacrament. To my Lady Berkeley in almosse, £2. April 2. At Grenewich. To the King's piper for a rewarde, 6s. 8c?. Lent to the Quenes grace at Shene, £100. 5. At Derteford. From the 5th to the 30th April the King was on a progress to Can terbury and Sandwich, and on the latter day returned to Greenwich. 5. To the waytes of the toun in rewarde, 3s. 4c?. 8. At Rochester. — 9. At Canterbury. H 98 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1494 To the fery bote of Rochester in rewarde, £2. 13. To the wifes of Canterbury for ther light, 3s. 4c?. 15. At Sandewich. To John Clerk in rewarde yeven to the maryners, that brought the King to Sandewich, £10. At Dover, 19.— At Derteford, 26. 26. To one that brought greate carpes, Is. 8c?. 30. At Grenewich. May 9. For halvepenes and ferthings, £2. 10s. For offering at our Lady of the pewe, £2. 16. To John Wallshe to bye 200 sakks of wull, £1333. 6s. 8c?. To Robert Wright for a ringe with a diamond, £20. 26. For offring at the four mariages, £1. 6s. 8c?. Lent to the coferer of the houshold opon and billes assigned opon the Duchie of Lancestre, £2303. 14s. 5c?. Delivered to Laurence Bonewise for to employ for the King, which must be repayed, £2068. 4s. lie?. 29. To one that tumbled before the King. June 1. At Shene. For a hatt for my Lorde Harry bought, 5s. To Peche for the disguising, in rewarde, £26. 14s. To a woman for a boke of hir bought, £2. Delivered to Laurence Bonewise for to bye wulles for the King's use, £1340. lis. lc?. 10. To one that joculed before the King, 10s. A person who played some part, or perhaps tricks, before the King. 13. To a Spaynyard the tenes pleyer, £4. To Savage wiffe for a partrich neste, 6s. 8c?. 19. To Hugh Denes for chesill hedes, 4s. 21. To Nicolas Smyth of Berwik for a ship, £20. and in rewarde, 40s., in all £22. 24. Delivered by the Kinges commandment for an ouche sett with perle and stone, £100. 30. Delivered to the Kinges grace in newe crounes that come from Calaie, £13,153. July 6. To Hugh Denes for balls at the paume play, Is. Tennis. To Wm. Tayllor, one of the King's Scolers, £2. 10s. Aug. 2. At Shene. To the repers in the wey, in rewarde, 2c?. 12. To two botes at pardon tyme at Sion, Is. 4c?. Boat-hire for crossing to Sion when Indulgences were granted. 14. At Windesor. To a man of Coventre that brought up two money makers, in rewarde, £1. See a former entiy. To Sir Charles Somerset for the Kinges losse at tenes, to Sir Robert Curson, with the balls, £1. 7*. 8c?. 1494.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 99 To my Lady the Kinges moder for the wages of Sir John Bracy, singing before our Lady of the pewe for a quarter wages, £2. To the bell ringers of Windesor College, £3. 6s. 8c?. The King again went into Oxfordshire about the middle of August. 19. At Reading. — 20. At Newelme. To the King for pleying at the cards, £3. 23. At Abingdon. To a Frensheman for a gosehauk, £4. Sept. 1. At Wodestok.— 4. At Langley. 8. To William Este fremason, the first payments for making of Wodestok Hall, £11. 14. For offring this holy rode day, 6s. 8c?. 22. To my Lady Pole in corons, £20. Apparently Margaret Plantagenet, daughter of George Duke of Cla rence, and wife of Sir Richard Pole, K. G. She was created Countess of Salisbury in 1513; attainted in 1539 ; and beheaded in 1541. Oct. 1. To the crowtaker, and for saying of two masses, 2s. 15. To the Kinges promoter of causes for his wages, £2. 10s. Elsewhere called " Robert Saunson, clerk, promoter of causes" : his wages were 10?. per annum. 23. To Thomas Digby and four yomen riding to feche Long Roger, three days, £1. 10s. Persons sent by Sir John Digby, the Lieutenant of the Tower, to apprehend a criminal called " Long Roger." This person was one of the servants of Sir John Digby, to whose custody Perkin Warbeck was entrusted in 1500, and whom he contrived to corrupt. — Stow's Annals, p. 482. 31. To Sir Peter, clerk of the closet, opon a bille for masses and prestes wags, £26. 15s. 10c?. To the Challengers at the Justes, £66. 13s. 4c?. To the Defenders at the Joustes, £66. 13s. 4c?. Of the jousts held in this year, neither Bacon, Hall, Holinshed, nor Stow, take any notice. To the Erll of Northumberland for his robes, £2. 6s. 8c?. Henry Algernon Percy, fifth Earl of Northumberland. On the eve of the 1st of November, 1494, the King created Prince Henry a Knight ofthe Bath, and afterwards Duke of York ; and the Earl of Northumber land, who was created a Knight of the Bath in 1488, assisted on the occasion. Anstis' Historical Essay on the Order of the Bath, p. 41-43; from the Cotton MS. Julius B. xn. The robes granted to the Earl were doubtless for this ceremony, and the fees and fines to the Heralds arose from the same circumstance. Nov. 7- To therralds at Armes for larges, £5. To the same Harralds for a fyne, £13. 6s. 8c?. To a woman for two glasses of water, 5s. To an Heremyt for a chalesse, 3s. 4c?. H 2 100 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1494. 14. To John Shaa for three rings of golde, £8. To a Spaynyard that tumbled, £2. For ray ment of the Dane by bille, £4. Is. Id. 29. To one that brought the King a whit greyhound from Brutan, £1. To Jakes Haute for the disguysing, £20. To Burton for making a masse, £1. To my Lorde Prince Luter in rewarde, £1. To Bartilmew Rede for a dyamond, £100. Dec. 5. For three trussing coffres new bought, £1. 8. To Richard Bedon for writing of bokes, 10s. 19. Delivered and sent by the King's comandements into Ireland for the wages of the souldeours, £4266. 13s. 4c?. To a currer that brought the tidings, £3. There can be little doubt that these tidings related to Perkin Warbeck. 23. At Grenewich. To William Taillor the King's scoler at Oxon, for his exebucon unto Estermes, £2. 10s. Unless he was the William Taylour, a Canon regular of the Pramon- stratensian Order, who was admitted a Bachelor of the Canon Law on the 3rd February, 1510, he is not mentioned by Wood in the Athena Oxon. 31. To three pleyers of Wycombe in rewarde, 13s. 4c?. A" 1495. Jan. 1. To Scot the fole for a rewarde, 6s. 8c?. To Richemond riding to Rome, for his costs for three monethes after 5s. by day, £22. 10s. Richmond Herald. 4. Delivered in newyeryests by the King's comandement, £120. To therle of Northumberland for a quarter wags ended at Estermes last passed, £2. 16s. 8c?. 4. To the Frenshe pleyers in rewarde, £2. 15. To Frances Mareyn, diverse bokes by bill, £3. 5s. To Pratt for thirteen elles and three-quarters of fyne lynnen cloth, price the elle 6s. 8d.— £4. lis. 8c?. 9. To therle of Surrey's servant for bringing up of Richard Clifford, for a rewarde, £6. 13s. 4c?. Query Robert Clifford. See the next and following entry. 20. Delivered to Sir Robert Clifford by thand of Master Bray, £500. Sir Robert Clifford had espoused the cause of Warbeck ; and, accord ing to Stow, certain persons were in this year sent to Calais, to entice him over, " promising him and William Barley pardon of all their offences, and high rewards. They that were sent, did so earnestly apply their business, that they brought to pass all things at their own desires ; for they learned who were the chief conspirators, and persuaded Sir Robert Clifford to give over the enterprise." " At the coming of Sir 1495.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 101 Robert to the King's presence, he besought of him pardon, and ob tained it, and therewith opened the manner of the conspiracy, and who were the aiders, fautors, and chief beginners of it." These accounts bring to light the immense bribe which Clifford received for his treachery. To William Hoton and Harry Wodeford for bringing of Sir Robert Clifford in rewarde, £26. 13s. 4c?. This payment was a reward given to the persons who had so success fully negociatedwith Sir Robert Clifford. To my Lorde of Oxon servants for bringing up of my Lorde Fitzwater, £10. John Ratcliffe, Lord Fitz Walter, the chief person who supported Warbeck's pretensions. He was soon afterwards sent to Calais, and there beheaded. 31. At Grenewich. Feb. 4. For offring at my Lady Anne mariage, 6s. 8c?. The Queen's sister. She married Thomas Lord Howard, son and heir apparent of Thomas, Earl of Surrey (afterwards second Duke of Norfolk), by whom she had two sons, who died infants. This entry fixes the date of her nuptials. For making the King's Scoler of Oxon to be Master of Arte, £4. 13. Jaks Haute in full payment of his bille for his disguysings, £13. 10s. 6d. To hym that pleyeth upon the bagpipe, 10s. 20. To a Walsheman for making a ryme, 10s. 20. To the Queen of France ministrels, £30. To Sir William Stanley at his execution, £10. 27. To his servaunts for ther houshold wages and ther horse mete, £31. 0s. lc?. 27. To the master of the Heremitage, £3. 4s. For Sir William Stanley buryall at Syon, £15. 19s. Sir William Stanley, of Holt, K.G. the King's Chamberlain, whose ser vices at Bosworth Field ought to have protected him from suspicion, was one of those accused by Sir Robert Clifford of being engaged in favour of Warbeck ; but the utmost proved against him was his having said that, " if the young man was the undoubted son of Edward the Fourth, he would never bear arms against him." He was, howeve^ tried, condemned, and executed on Tower Hill, on the 16th of February; and it appears from these accounts was buried at the King's charge at Sion. The money given to him at his execution was probably a guerdon to the executioner. To Sir Robert Curson in rewarde, £20. March 2. At Shene. To tharmerer in full payment for the vitailing, waging, and rigging forthe of five the Kinges shippes, £476. 5s. 4c?. 8. To Hugh Denes for the Kinges losse at tenes, 14s. and for a silke girdle, 6s. 8c?.— £] . 0s. 8c?. 13. To the gardiner of Shene for sedes, 6s. 8c?. 102 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1495. 19. To Hugh Denes for pynne cases, 8s. 20. To Pympe that come oute of Ireland from Sir Edward Ponyngs, £10. Sir Edward Poynyngs, K.G. was appointed Deputy of Ireland on the 3rd of September, 1494 ; Prince Henry, the King's second son, being then constituted Lieutenant of Ireland. — Fcedera, xii. p. 560. Loste at the buttes to my Lorde Marques, £1. Probably Thomas Grey, Marquess of Dorset, K.G. 25. To my Lady Bray for an ymage, £1. 6s. 8c?. One ofthe Queen's gentlewomen. See a note about her in Her Ma jesty's Privy Purse Expences, p. 179. 29. For the Kinges losse at the paune pley, 7s. 8c?. April 1. For rowing of thenbassadours of Denmark from London to Shene, 17s. 4c?. The only notice of the Danish Ambassadors in the Foedera is a writ to the Keeper of the Privy Seal, dated at Shene, 1st March, 8 Hen. VII. 1493, stating that they had taken their leave of the King, who granted to them certain sums of money ; viz. to the Chancellor 100/. ; to the Doctor 40/. ; to the Chancellor's brother 20/. ; and to the Herald 10/. This and the following entries must refer to a subsequent mission from that country. 7. To Simon Digby in full payment for the buriall of Sir Wil liam Stanley, £2. 12. To the chieff Enbassadour of Fraunce, £50. To an other that come with hym, £20. 16. To thenbassadour of Denmarke in rewarde, £66. 13s. 4c?. 26. To a Frensheman that come with a Knight of the Rodes, in rewarde, £2. For a case made for a layer of gold, os. To an Englishman of the Frenshe Kinges garde, forty corones in rewarde, £8. May 3. In money lent to the Kinges Confessor, £133. 6s. 8d. To nine trumpetts for ther wages, £18. To four shakbusshes for ther wags, £7- To three string mynstrels for their wags, £5. To Harry Wiet riding into Ireland, £26. 13s. Ad. To Pympe riding into Ireland, £20. He arrived from Ireland on the 20th March, and now returned, being probably the bearer of letters. To tharmerer riding into Ireland, £20. To two men that come from Ireland, £4. 7. At Eltham. 10. To the women of Grenewich in rewarde, Is. 8c?. 15. At Shene. For the Kinges hatt bande of silke, 4s. To Rede for a colte that was slayn with the Kings grey hounds, 4s. 1495.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 103 Delivered by the Kinges comandemant for diverse sommes of money borowed, £500. 18. To Sir Charles Somerset for offringes and expences of my Lorde the Due of York at Windesor, at his installacon, £13. 6s. 8c?. Prince Henry, afterwards Henry the Eighth. He was installed a Knight of the Garter on Sunday 19th May, 1495, being then little more than four years old. — Anstis' Register ofthe Garter, vol. i. p. 41. 27. For burying of a man that was slayn in my Lady Grey chamber, 6s. 8c?. June 1. Delivered to Bartilmew Rede in grotes, which is to be repayed in gold, £500. 12. Delivered by the Kinges comandement for diverse juels bought of the Lumbards, £2560. For bringing of Raynesford to Bedlam, Is. 8c?. An allowance to this person because he was mad, afterwards occurs. 14. To Mathew Cardiff open his bille for the Kinges hosen, £2. 8s. To Master Peter for sertain bokes opon a bille, £11. 3s. 4c?. Afterwards called the Italian Poet. Delivered to Master Geffrey Elice for waging of men unto Irelande, £200. 21. At Wicombe.— 22. At Notley.— 25. At Wodestok. The King was on a progress to the North from June, to the middle of October 1495; and these accounts mention the places which he visited. Stow thus notices this circumstance : " King Henry, being now on some better surety of his estate, took his progress into Lancashire about the 25th of June, there to be merry with his mother, the Countess of Derby, which then lay at Latham," p. 479. 28. For making the King's bonefuyr, 10s. July 1. At Cheping-norton. 2. At Evesham. — 3. At Tukesbury. — 4. At Wours'. 5. To Brom riding to Northamptonshire and Ruteland with five lettres, 10s. 9. To a preste that was the King's scolemaster, £2. Andreas Scot of Oxford is said, on the authority of Bernard Andreas, to have been Henry's tutor. To a tumbler opon the rope in rewarde, 3s. 4c?. 10. At Biewdeley. — 12. At Ludlow. — 15. At Shrewesbury. 16. At Cumbremere Abbey.. To an archer of th'archeduc in rewarde, £4. 17. At Holte. — 18. At Chester. To Topliffthe Juge of Ireland, £2. 23. To John Reding for vitailling waging of four shipps at Fowey and Plymouth with 470 [men] for six weks to be opon the see, £350. 2s. 9c?. For his costs riding theder with the money, £6- 13s. 4c?. 104 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1495. To Sir Geffrey for vitailling, hiring of shippes, hiring of horses, for his olde costs, and for his costs now, in grosse, £42. 17s. 4c?. To the Pycard of Chester hired for a moneth to carry men into Ireland, £4. 13s. 2d. To a Spanyard for carrying seventy men over into Irelande at one tyme, £10. To William Damport for four tun of bere with the carriage and empty pipes, £4. lis. 2c?. 27. At Vaile Roiall Abbey. To one that leped at Chestre, 6s. 8c?. For the wags of eleven pety captanes for fourteen days, every of them 9c?. by day, £5. 15s. 6d. For their conduyt money, £1. 9s. 3c?. For the wags of 149 fotemen for fourteen days, every of them 6c?. by day, £101. 10s. 6d. For their condyt money, £26. 6s. 8c?. For 142 jackets, at Is. 6d. the pece, £13. lis. To fifty-five crosset men, every of them Is. — £2. 15s. July 28. At Wonwhik — 30. At Latham. 30. To Sir Richard Pole for 200 jacquetts, price of every pece Is. 6d.— £15. Husband of Margaret Plantagenet, daughter of George Duke of Clarence, and afterwards Countess of Salisbury. For the wages of 100 horsemen for fourteen days, every of them- 9c?. by day, £52. 10s. For their conduyt for 3 days,, every of them 9d. by day, £11. 5s. For the wages of 100 fotemen for fourteen days, every of them 6d. by day, £35. For their conduyt for four days, every of them 6d. by day, £10. For shipping, vitailling, and setting over the see the foresaid 200 men with an 100 horses, £13. 6s. 8c?. To the Shirif awayting opon Sr Sampson for the safe conduyt of the forsaid souldeours, £2. Elsewhere called Sir Sampson Norton. Aug. 2. To Picard a herrald of Fraunce in rewarde, £6. 13s. 4c?. To the women that songe before the King and the Quene, in rewarde, 6s. 8c?. 3. At Knowlesley. — 4. At Warington. — 5. At Manchestre. — 6. At Maxfeld.— 8. At Newcastell.— 10. At Strafford.— 11. At Lychefeld. —12. At Burton.— 13. At Derby.— 28. AtLughburgh 29. AtLeye. 31. To thenbassador of Scotland, £40. For charging and discharging waching and attending opon the Kinges juels from Shene to Notingham, £20. Sept. 1. At Wulsted. To the Erie of Kildare in rewarde, £6. 13s. 4c?. For the costs and charges of the Enbassadors horses at Noting ham and Leye, £8. 19s. lc?. 1495.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 105 4. At Colyweston. — 11. At Rekyng. 11. To James Keyley for King Richard tombe, £10. Is. This entry is deserving of attention, as it proves the statement of some writers, that Henry the Seventh caused a tomb to be erected to Richard the Third's memory. That prince " was meanly buried in the Grey Friars' Church of Leicester, where afterwards King Henry caused a monument to be erected for him with his picture in alabaster, where it remained until the dissolution under Henry the Eighth, when it was pulled down and utterly defaced." — Sandford. The cost, it seems, was only 10/. 12. At Northampton. To David Malpas for the reparacone done and made at Rokyng- ham Castell, £6. 19s. 9c?. 16. At Banbury— 19. At Wodestok. 19. For gloves and Lantony chese, 4s. 25. To the Juge of Ireland in rewarde, £3. 6s. 8c?. Probably Topcliffe, who is before mentioned. 27. For five paire of gloves by Hugh Denes, Is. 8c?. 29. At Newelme. To Dr. Maye for finding of John Pheps at Oxen, £2. 30. At Birsham. — Oct. 1. At Windesor. To the children for the Kings spoures, 4s. A similar entry occurs thrice in the Privy Purse Expenses of Henry the Eighth in 1530. It was to redeem the King's spurs, which had become the fee of the Choristers at Windsor either at Installations or at the feasts on St. George's day. Oct. 3. At Shene. — 16. At Westminster. 23. To two freers of Inde in rewarde, £2. Query India. — In 1510, Robert Clark ordered by his will to be buried in the church of Calfield, in Norfolk, " and a table of St. Thomas of Ynde which I have caused to be made I woll have it stand in Calfield Church."— Blomefield's Norfolk. 27. For diverse yerds of silke bought for my Lorde of York and my Lady Margarete, £7- 10s. The King's children. Lady Margaret became afterwards Queen of Scotland. 30. To Sir Charles Somerset for a preste of Inde in almes, 10s. Nov. 2. Delivered by the Kinges comandement for sertayn money sent into Ireland beyond see, £2466. 13s. 4d. To a woman that singeth with a fidell, 2s. For a boke bought for my Lorde of York, £1. 13. Delivered to the Kinges Coferer asmoche money to hym lent for thexpenses of the Kinges Household which is to be repayed in four yere, that is every yere £1000 — £4000. To Hugh Denes for printed bokes, 13s. 4d. 15. To a preste that appeched sertayn men in Kent in re warde, £2. 106 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1495. To Savage for rowing the King opon Monday to the Sergeants feste, 18s. Bacon states that " on the 16th November was holden the Sergeants' feast at Ely Place, there being nine Sergeants of that call. The King, to honour the feast, was present with his Queen at the dinner." 27- Delivered to John DaWtrye for to bye tynne with opon a bille of his hand which is to be ansuered with thencreasse, £308. 17s. 8d. To Hampton of Wourecestre for making of balades, in re warde, £1. This entry is the only notice which has been discovered of Hampton of Worcester. It was seen by Steevens, who alludes to it in his Shake speare, ii. 157; and it has caused Ritson to introduce him among the poets ofthe fifteenth century in his Bibliographia Poetica. 30. To Sir Charles Somerset opon a rekenging, £100. Dec. 1. Delivered and sent into Ireland by the Kinges com andement, £2600. For Master Richard Hatton for his costes going into Ireland, £20. 15. To my Lady Anne Nevill opon a bille, £4. Probably the Lady who is elsewhere mentioned as the sister of the Earl of Westmoreland, who was then Ralph Neville, the third Earl ; but Dugdale does not mention any sister. He had a daughter called Anne, who married Sir William Conyers. 17- To John Flee for browdryng of two chambres with a bedd at Shene, £158, 6s. 8d. To the Quenes grace for asmoch gold delivered unto the Kinges grace, £66. 13s. 4d. 21. To Richard Emson in rewarde, £13. 6s. 8d. The celebrated instrument of Henry's extortions, a name too well known in history to require any account of him. To the Quenes grace in full receipt of £457. lis. 3d. ofthe halve reveneus ofthe late Duchesse of Yorks lands, £53. 14s. 5d. 23. To Thomas Brandon for diverse castes of haukes opon a bille, £31. 6s. 8d. * To Jakes Haute for the disguysing, £10. 17- To Dix the foles master for his moneths wages, 10s. 28. To Raynesford that is madd, 6s. 8d. To two pleyes in the Hall, £1. 6s. 8c?. A0. 1496. Jan. 8. For offring on Twelft day, £1. 13s. 4c?. 10. To Ryngeley, lorde of mysrule, in rewarde, £2. To a wyfe of Thistelwourth for keping of my Lady Jane Bonghan childe unto Ester next, £2. See a Note relative to this person and her child in the Privy Purse Expences of the Queen, p. 175. 22. To a barbor that did shave the King, 4s. v .24' T° rna]$%S ¥'mte in M1 Payment for the disguysing to Estermes, £6. 17s. 6c?. & J To the Juewes towards hir marriage, £2. 1496.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 107 Feb. 1. To the Quenes grace, £27. 7- To my Lorde Suffolk, my Lorde Essex, my Lorde William, and other for the disguising, £2. Edmond de la Pole Duke of Suffolk ; Henry Bourchier, second Earl of Essex, who died in 1539. 12. To a Portingale for oringes, 6s. 8c?. A Portuguese. For new furnishing casting and reparing of the round organes, £7- 14. Delivered unto the Clerk of the Kechin for thexpens of thenbassadours, £200. To Tentiwild servant for pictures, £1. To my Lady Bray for stoles and skrenes, £1. 2s. 21. To Doctour Chapman for preching, £1. To a Knight of Seint Johnes for sacres, £10. To Harman Ring for seven tymbre of sables, after £22. 10s. the tymbre, £53. 6s. 8d. A timbre of sables contained forty skins. Delivered and sent unto Ireland, £2947- 25. To the precident of Flanders, £60. — To Monsieur Renny of Flanders, £60— To MonsieurTentevill of Flaundes, £60.— To Mon sieur Courtevill of Flanders, £60. — To Thomas Portonatory of Flaunds, £20.— To Maistre Copaigny of Flaund, £33. 6s. 8c?. On the 24th of February in this year a treaty of peace was made with the Duke of Burgundy, whose ambassadors were Paul de Baeust Lord of Formezeele, President of Flanders, Robert de Melun Lord qf Rouny, John de Cortevile, Thomas Fortimari, counsellors. Their other col leagues were Philip of Burgundy, Daniel de Praet Lord of Merwede, chamberlain, and Florence Hanwel. Neither Tentevill nor Copaigny are mentioned in the treaty. — Foedera, xii. 578 — 591., 26. At Shene.— To Monsieur Busy of Fraunce, £66. 13s. 4c?. To an other that come with hym, £33. 6s. 8c?. March 1. For tablemen and the case, 8s. 8c?. Backgammon men. 3. To the gardyner for grasses, £2. 13s. 4c?. 13. Delivered to Sir Christ. Ursewik, £143. 6s. 8c?. Christopher Urswick, Dean of York, the Kinsfs Almoner, whom Henry employed in embassies. To the clerks of the shipps for conveying of the Soverayn to Hampton, £100. 16. To a boke bynder for bokes, 6s. 8c?. 30. Delivered to Quintyn for books, £20. April 10. To the constables of Shoredich for bringing up of an espie, £1. • For botehire for the Maundy and the Kinges robes payed by John Flee, 4s. At the performance of the ceremony of the Maundy a particular mourning robe was worn. — Northumberland Household Book, p. 355. 108 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1496. To the Freers of Ware for masses, after 3c?. the masse, 12s. 6d. IA. At Windesor.— 16. At Shene. To Master Rauffe Sentcler a phisician, £1. 25. To Hugh Denes for a lute, 13s. 4c?. May 1. For diverse necc'iers and habiliaments of werr bought for Henry the Scott, £19. Is. 9c?. 9. To an Italian, a poete, £20. This sum was a munificent reward for the times, and evinces more liberality and a greater taste for letters than is usually ascribed to the King. It is to be lamented, that the name of the individual is not mentioned. 12. At Shene.— 15. At London.— 17- At Shene. 19. Delivered to John Shaa towards the beleding of Seint George Chapell, £333. 6s. 8c?. 24. To the Kinges grace to play at the cardes, in gold, £20., in grotts, 100s. in grotts, £19., and in grotes, 60s. To the Lorde Bothewell, £10. To a man for a present of pescodds, 3s. 4c?. 26. Delivered by the King comandement for asmoche money sent into Ireland, aswell for the wages ofthe souldeours, as for other nec'crys ther to be done, £3000. June 12. At Shene. 23. At M'tyn Abbey. The King commenced his progress into the West of England, and did not return until the beginning of September. 25. At Churtesey.— 26. At Guylford. For making of the bonefuyre, 10s. To a Frensheman pleyer of the organes, 6s. 8c?. July 2. At Fanenham. — 3. At Alfford— 5. At Waltham. 5. To the new pleyer at tenes, £4. 9. To the masters of the Kings shippes in rewarde for their botes, £5. 10. At Porchester. — 14. At Hampton. 15. Delivered to John Walshe for all maner costes and charges borne and done aboute 250 sakks of wull unto this day remanying at Suthampton, £112. 4s. 10c?. 20. At Biewleys. To the Bushop of Dublen, and to Sir James Ormond, in rewarde, £13. 6s. 8c?. William Fitz Simons was Bishop of Dublin from 1484 to 1511 : he was then in this country, being probably sent over with the Earl of Kildare, Sir James Ormond, and others, by Sir Edward Poynings, the Lord Deputy, in consequence of the disturbed state of that country. 21. At Wight.— 23. At Biewley.— 25. At Cristchurch. 26. At Pole— 27. At Corf. Aug. 2. To John Ogan for bringing up of knowlege money from Haverford west, £1. 6s. 8c?. 1496.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 109 5. At Salesbury. Delivered to therle of Kildare, £66. 13s. 4c?. Gerald, eighth Earl of Kildare. The Earl was attainted in the preceding year for opposing Sir Edward Poynyngs, the Lord Deputy ; but being sent to England to answer for his conduct, he was admitted to the King's presence, and gained his favour by the honest frankness of his manners ; and instead of disgrace, he was appointed Lord Deputy on the 6th of August 1496. A payment of 400/. to him on the 13th of that month, besides a reward to him on the 10th of £66- 13s. 4c?. might have been as a compensation for his losses, or as an advance connected with his new office. — See Collins's Peerage, ed. 1779, vol. vi. p. 144. The expense of curing one of his sons was afterwards paid by the King. 10. At Haytesbury— 11. At Broke.— 12. At Bathe. To the boyes at the Bathe, 6s. 8c?. 13. At Bristoll. 19. At Acton. — 21. At Malmesbury. — 25. At Ceceter. 25. To a preste that wi^stelled at Cecet', 6s. 8c?. 30. At Wodestock. To Wadham going into Ireland, £6. 13s. 4c?. To thenbassadour of Denmark, £66. 13s. 4c?. 31. To another enbassadour of the same, £40. — To therrald of Denmark, £5. — To Wulf of Denmark in rewarde, £6. 13s. 4c?. — To Nicolas of Denmark in rewarde, £6. 13s. 4c?. For brede, ale, and bere, and horsemete expended and taken by the said enbassadours at Wodestok, £2. Is. 10c?. Sept. 9. At Wicombe. — 10. At Windesor. To Glawde the cuteler for a swerde, £2. 20. To the Blynde Poete in rewarde, £3. 6s. 8c?. Bernard Andreas, Poet Laureat to Henry VII. and VIIL He was a native of Thoulouse and an Augustine monk, and was Prince Arthur's tutor in grammar. — Warton's History of English Poetry. His Life of Henry VII. in the Cottonian MS. Domitian xvm. is frequently cited by Dr. Lingard and Mr. Sharon Turner. In November 2 Henry VII. 1486, the King granted him, by the title of Poet Laureat, an annuity of ten marks. — Fcedera, xii. 317; and by a writ to the Trea surers of the Exchequer, tested at Shene, 10th October, anno 12, 1496, stating that he had granted " unto Bernard Andree the blind poet an annuity of ten marks a year," they were commanded to pay him " in hand at this time in redy money ten marcs for the hole yere, to be ended at Ester next comyng." — Ibid. p. 643. Besides this salary, he appears from these accounts to have received several sums in reward. The last payment mentioned in them was in February 1500. 28. To the Bushop thenbassadour of Fraunce, £66. 15s. To an other that come with hym, £50. To Mauncy the carpenter for the new ehambres at Westminster, and more for the taking dou' of Baynard Castell roffe, and more for tymbre for the same castell twenty marcs, £26. 13s. 4c?. I 110 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1496. Oct. 1. Sum' totalis of all payments contenyng in this boke from the furst day of Oct. A° 11 unto the furst day of Oct. A" 12, £25,707. lis. 8c?. 8. Delivered by the King's comandment for to be sent into Ire land, £600. 13. To Master Peter the Poete for a currer of Florence in rewarde, £1. Query if the Italian poet before-mentioned ? Nov. 1. To thenbassadour of Rome in rewarde, £33. 6s. 8c?. 7. To Clement Clerk for writing of thamytie of Flanders, £2. The treaty with Flanders. About this time John Meautis, the King's French Secretary, was sent to Philip Archduke of Austria, and Duke of Burgundy, Flanders, &c, with copies of the alliance which had been lately made. — Foedera, xii. 648. To Mons. Philippus in rewarde, £13. 6s. 8c?. ' 18. To a preste for making a pronosticacon, £1. 25. Delivered to the Tellers at the Kinges receipt as lone money £5000. 29. To Mutis for a glistning stone, 13s. 4c?. Dec. 5. Delivered by the Kinges comandment, and sent unto the North for the wages of the Kinges armye ther, £3000. The army with which Henry purposed chastising James the Fourth of Scotland for having countenanced Perkin Warbeck. 11. Delivered by the Kinges comandment for rigging fourth of the Kings navy, £4575. 5s. To my Lorde of Seint Asshe for a boke, £2. Michael Dyacon, Bishop of St. Asaph, who was consecrated in Jan uary 1496, and died in 1500. To William Smythe for Wodecoks buryell, £2. lis. 2c?. Delivered to the Kinges army by the see in preste, £233. 3s. 4c?. 18. To Quintyn for bokes, £4. To my Lady Anne Neville, 6s. 8c?. A" 1497- Jan. 2. For cristennyng of Wynslow childe, £3. 6s. 8c?. See a note on the practice of presenting children to the King and Queen, in the Privy Purse Expenses of her Majesty, p. 186. To Hugh Denes for a musk ball, 6s. 8c?. 6. To Hugh Vaughan for two harpers, 13s. 4c?. Gentleman usher. His fatal rencontre with Sir James Parker is mentioned in a former note. To Graunt Pier the founder in rewarde, £1. To Courtevild thenbassadour of Flanders, £33. 6s. 8d. Johan de Courteville, Esquier Trenchant, and Mareschal des Logiz to Philip, Archduke of Austria. He was sent to deliver the counterpart of the treaty, of which one part was taken to that Prince by Meutis, and to treat on other affairs, as the Archduke's Ambassador to Henry. His appointment is dated 26 February, 1.496-7.— Foedera, xii. 648. 1497.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. Ill 7- For two new greate gestes, £1. 13s. 4c?. To a litelle mayden that daunceth, £12. To a Walshe man that maketh rymes, 6s. 8c?. 20. To John Flee for a case for the capp and swerde of mayn- tenance, £1. 2s. Bacon states that in the 12th Hen. VII., Pope Alexander sent Henry by his nuncio, an hallowed sword and cap of maintenance, as a remune ration for entering into the league in defence of Italy, which gifts were received with great ceremony. February 1. Delivered to the Quenes grace for to pay hir detts, which is to be repayed, £2000. Delivered to the Sergeant of the Pultry to mete tharcheduc suster, £40. It appears from this entry, that the sister of the Archduke Philip of Austria was expected in this country, but our historians do not notice the circumstance. To Sir Thomas Lovell for cost made aboute the Lorde Fitz- water, £5. 5s. 8c?. Lord Fitzwalter was executed in the preceding year. 17- Delivered to William Fysher, tresorer, for my Lorde of York expenses, £166. 8s. To the Quenes fideler in rewarde, £1. 6s. 8c?. To the gardener at Shene for graftes, £2. 19. To the grete Walshe childe, 6s. 8c?. March 17. At Shene. To Bayly for waching the crowes, 13s. 4c?. Delivered to my Lady Fitzwater, £33. 6s. 6c?. The widow of the nobleman mentioned in a former note. His estates were forfeited, and this gift probably arose from charitable motives. Delivered and sent by the Kinges comandment to York, Durham, and Newcastel, £4000. To pay the soldiers engaged in the war with Scotland. An entry of 6300/. for that purpose occurs in May following. 31. Delivered to the Greke in rewarde, £4. To the freer that preched in Frensh, £2. April 3. To a Walshe rymer in rewarde, 13s. A(L. 17- At London. — 21 . At Grenewich. To Dr. Mydelton going enbassadour, £2. To Dr. Ruthall going with hym, £23. 6s. 8c?. May 1. Forredemyng of prisoners oute of the Kinees Benche, £7. 14s. 8c?. 13. Delivered and sent by the Kinges comandment to Berwik towards the werrs, £6300. 24. For redemying of sertain persons oute of the Marchalsie by bille, £3. 17s. 4c?. Delivered to the Coferer for asmoch money payed by Master Hugh Oldeham, for 100 peces of Cornyshe tynne, £250. I 2 112 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1497. 31. Delivered to the Quenes grace for juels, £31. 10s. To a woman for aqua vite, 5s. June 5. Delivered to thenbassadour of Naples, £66. 13s. 4c?. To Sir John Cheyne by M. Esterfeld, £100. 9. At Alesbury.— 11. At Bucks. — 12. At Banbury. 12. Payde for a pair of kerving knyves, £1. 6s. 8c?. 13. At Wodestok. — 14. At Abingdon. — 15. At Walingford— 16. At Reding and Windsor. — 17. At Kingeston.— 18. At Seint Georgefeld— 19. At Blakeheth. The King went to Blackheath to oppose the rebels under Lord Audley, who were defeated at that place. 23. At the Towre. To Burley for keping of S. Th. Turnebull, £4. 4s. 9c?. Paide opon a bille for the werrs, £40. 13s. 4c?. To one that toke the Lorde Audeley, £1. James Tuchet, seventh Lord Audley. This nobleman joined Fla- mank and the other Cornish rebels, and became their leader, but they were defeated at Blackheath, on the 22nd of June, 1497. This entry is ofa reward to the person who took Audley prisoner, and who, it seems, was a servant of Lord Dacre's. Lord Audley was beheaded on Tower Hill. 23. To my Lorde Dacres servant that toke the Lorde Audeley, for his costs, £1. 6s. 8d. 24. Midsomer Day. For making of the bone fuyr, 10s. 30. To two Ambassadours of Fraunce, £40. To three other Frenshmen in rewarde, £10. To one that toke the Lorde Audeley, £2. Query if this entry is repeated by mistake, or were two persons rewarded for taking Lord Audley ? To the Priour of the Charterhouse servant for a table of ymagery, 6s. 8c?. y * ' To the Quenes grace for garnishing of a salett, £10. It may be conjectured that the Queen had adorned the King's salad for the expedition then meditated into Scotland, and that this payment was to remunerate her for the cost which she incurred in doing so. July 1. At Shene. Delivered and sent by the Kinges comandment northward for the Kinges werrs, £12,000. For paling of Eltham parke, £1. 21. To my Lorde of Dudley bastard broder, £66. 8s. Edward Sutton was then Lord Dudley. 26. To Quintyn Paulet for a boke, £23. 29. At Netley — 30. At Wodestok. For sixteen pair of gloves, 5s. Ad. Aug. 9. To John Vandelf for garnyshing of a salett, £38. Is. Ad. Vandelf was a jeweller. 1497.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 113 For twenty jacquetts ofthe best sorte, £19. 6s. 4c?. For browdering ofthe same jacquetts, £18. For garnyshing of the Kinges swerde, £6. 10s. 7c?. 10. To hym that founde the new Isle, £10. Newfoundland was discovered in this year by John Cabot or Gabot, a Venetian, to whom, and his two sons, Henry granted letters patent, dated 5th of March, A0 11, 1495-6, authorizing them to sail under his banners with five ships to all parts of the world for the discoveiy of new countries, and to plant the said banners on, and to take possession of, whatever lands they might discover. — Fcedera, xii. 1472. This entry justifies the idea, that news of the discovery of Newfoundland reached England in August 1497. Many other notices of it afterwards occur. 19. At Cornebury.— 21. At Mynst. Lovell.— 22. At Wodestok. 22. To two freers of Inde in rewarde, 3s. 4c?. 30. Delivered to Robert Courte for to be delivered to the Kinges comissioners in the weste partyes, £333. 6s. 8c?. To Jakes Haute for the tenes playe, £10. For making of the Kinges standing in the parke opon a bille, £1. 17s. 6c?. ' Sept. 1. To Piers Lloid for convening of Seint mary men to the Tour of London, 13s. 4c?. The cost of bringing some criminals to the Tower. 10. To John Myklow for thenbassadoures expenses at Oxford, upon a bille, £2. lis. 2c?. Delivered to Richard Emson for to cary to Exeter for the busyness ther, £666. 13s. 4c?. 20. Delivered for the retynue of Sir John Cheyne, £500. To Robert Whitlok, Thomas Bromfeld, John Sharp, Richard Pitt, lying as posts, £2. Persons placed in different parts for the conveyance of intelligence. In another entry they are said to be " lying as posts towards my Lorde Chamberlayne for nine days," in transmitting intelligence from Devonshire relative to Perkin Warbeck. 22. Delivered to Doctour Mydelton, to convey to my Lord Chamberlayn, £666. 13s. 4c?. To four cartes for carage of money three days from London to Wodestok, £4. 25. To a man that come from Perkyn, £1. A person who brought news of Perkin Warbeck. 27. At Cistiter— 28. At Malmesbury.— 29. At Bathe.— 30. At Wells. Perkin Warbeck landed in Cornwall on tlie 7th September, and Henry now commenced his journey to head his forces against him. See a subsequent note. 27- To cary to my Lorde Chamberlayn at Excester, £500. 30. Payd and delivered to diverse Capitaines for their wages with ther retynue, £4000. 114 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1497. Oct. 1. At Welles. For a Guyde to Bathe in rewarde, Is. 8c?. This entry proves the wretched state of travelling when a guide was necessary to shew the way from Wells to Bath. 2. At Glastonbury. — 3. At Brigewater. — 4. At Tawnton. For the Kinges losse at cardes at Tawnton, £9. 5. This day came Perkin Werbek. — 6. At Tiverton.— -7- At Excester. Perkin's proceedings from the time of his landing in Cornwall, until he reached Taunton, are minutely related by Stow ; who says, that when he heard of the King's being close to Taunton, he fled to a sanctuary at Bewdley, near Southampton ; that his Majesty then went to Exeter, where he executed many of Warbeck's adherents, and ordered the place in which he had taken refuge, to be surrounded, when, upon promise of pardon, he surrendered. In Ellis' Original Letters, First Series, vol. i. are several interesting letters relative to Perkin on this occasion, of which the following abstract is a useful illustration of the subject. On the 12th of September, the King wrote to Sir Gilbert Talbot from Woodstock, informing him that Perkin had landed in Cornwall with two small ships and a Breton pinnace ; that he had sent Lord Daubeney by land, and Lord Broke by sea, to prevent his escape; and that, in case it was necessary, he should, in his own person, proceed against him without delay ; and he commanded Talbot to meet him at Woodstock on the 24th with sixty horsemen properly equipped. On the 20th, being still at Woodstock, the King wrote to the Bishop of Bath, acquainting him that Perkin had besieged Exeter on the 17th and 18th, explaining what forces were in arms against the rebels, adding that " we with our host royal shall not be far, with the mercy of our Lord, for the final conclusion of the matter ;" and that a reward of one thousand marks would be given to any one that brought him alive. The Earl of Devonshire's report of the unsuccessful attempt against Exeter, is dated on Monday, the 18th of September. On the 25th of September, Henry wrote from Knaresborough, stating, that on Thursday [the 21st of September], about midnight, Perkin " fled from his company at Taunton, and took no leave nor licence of them : good number of well horsed men bene after him in every quarter." The entries in these accounts show, that Henry com menced his journey to the West on the 26th or 27th of September, and reached Taunton on the 4th of October; and that on the 5th, Warbeck was brought to him at that place. On the 6th, he went to Tiverton ; and arrived at Exeter on the 7th of October, where he remained some weeks. Lord Bacon says Perkin was not taken until after the King's arrival at Exeter. 15. To Garter for two cote armours bought for the Lord Aude ley, 13s. 4c?. " Lord Audley was drawn from Newgate to the Tower Hill in a coat qf his own arms, painted upon paper reversed, and all to tome." —Stow. It was perhaps for these that Garter was paid 13s. id. John Writh appointed Garter 1478, died 1504. 1497.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 115 To Robert Suthewell for horses, sadells, and other necessarys bought for the conveying of my Lady Kateryn Huntleye, £7- 13s. 4c?. Lady Katheriue Gordon, daughter of Alexander, Earl of Huntley, and a near relation of the King of Scotland, was the wife of Perkin Warbeck. When he was pursued, soldiers were sent to St. Michael's Mount, who there took this Lady, and brought her to Henry, " at whose beauty and amiable countenance the King much marvelled, and sent her to London to the Quene." — Stow. Various payments were afterwards made to her : she received a pension from Henry VII. and Henry VIIL, married secondly Sir Matthew Cradock, and was buried with him in the church of Swansea. The name of the " White Rose," which had been bestowed on Perkin from his pretensions, was transferred to her for her beauty. See Walpole's Historic Doubts. Nov. 3. At Otery. — 4. At Newnham. — 10. At Bridport. — 11. At Dorchester. — 12. At Blanford. — 13. At Salesbury. — 14. At Andover.— 15. At Frefold. — 18. At Basingstok. — 19. At Estham- sted. — 20. At Windesor. — 21. At Shene. — 27- At Westminster. Dec. 1. To my Lady Kateryn Huntleye, £2. 3. To my Lady the Kinges moder poete, £3. 6s. 8c?. 8. To a surgeon that heled my Lorde Kildare sone, in rewarde, £2. 10. To Piers Barbor for spices for ypocras, 6s. 8c?. To Hugh Denes for the Kinges pley at dice upon Friday last passed, £7. 15s. To Courtevild enbassador of Flanders, £20. 18. Delivered by the Kinges comandment in repayment of di verse lones, £3364. To blynde Cunnyngham, 13s. 4c?. To thenbassadour of Spain in rewarde, £66. 15s. To Hugh Denes for Perkyns costs, £2. Expences incurred for Perkin Warbeck. 24. To my Lorde of Landaff for belding at Shene, over and besides £40 to hym delivered in prest, £101. 4s. 2c?. John Ingleby, Bishop of Landaff, and Prior of Shene. He received £300. more for the same purpose in June 1498. A- 1498. Jan. 1. To Sir Charles Somerset for a rewarde yeven at West- minstre for medlers and wardones, 3s. 4c?. For rewards yeven to them that founde the Kings iuels at Shene, £20. " On the 21st December, at nine of the clock at night, suddenly began a great fire within the King's lodging, then being at his manor of Shene, which fire continued till midnight, by violence whereof much and a great part of the old building of the place was burnt, with hangings, beds, apparell, plate, and many Jewells." — Stow's Annals, p. 481. It appears from this entry that some of the jewels were recovered. 116 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1498. 14. To one that come from the Rodes, £10. To Richard Dekone for a popyngchey, £6. 13s. 4c?. 26. To the gardyner for sope hashes, 10s. For two pair of bellows, 10c?. Feb. 4. To my Lorde Prince poete in rewarde, £3. 6s. 8c?. For the wages of the Kinges scoler, John Taillor, at Oxeriford, £2. 10s. 17. To Robert Jones opon a bille for Perkyns horsemete unto the first day of February, £1. 8s. 6c?. For bringing up of Henry the Kings godson from Coventre, £1. Henry Pynago. See before. March 4. To a Preste that come from Antony Spynell in rewarde, £4. To John Atkynson for a paper boke, 3s. 4c?. 10. Delivered by the Kinges comandment for asmoche money borowed of diverse persons, £2004. To Story the Carpenter for making a galery at Grenewich, £2. To one that tumblet at Eltham, £1. To the Secretary of Venes in rewarde, £20. To James Braybrok for Perkyn, £2. 22. To Doctour Trappes my Lord Cardinall Chapleyn going to Rome, in rewarde, £6. 13s. Ad. To Whale the maryner in rewarde, £2. To Lanslot Thirkill of London upon a prest for his shipp going towards the new Ilande, £20. Newfoundland, the communication with which Henry is thus proved to have encouraged. See other payments to Thirkeld and another person for the same purpose. To my Lorde Cardynall Register for writing of diverse bokes, To the Popes Collr in rewarde, £2. Delivered to WiUiam Bonde for thexpens' of the Countes of Spayne, £26. 3s. 4c?. Delivered to Launcelot Thirkill going towards the new He in prest, £20. Delivered and payd by the Kinges comandement over and above all these forsaid somes of payments to diverse persones for asmoche money of them herebefor tymes borowed aboutes the Kinges nede- full busoignes, the some of £30,000. April 1. To Thomes Bradley and Launcelot Thirkill going to the new Isle, £30. ' To the bokebynder for five bokes, £2. 13s. 4c?. To Arnolde pleyer at recorders, £1. To the Priour of Westminster for fynding of thre prisoners there twelve weks, £2. To John Flee for a tipett of sarcenet for my Lorde of Yorke, 4s. 4c?. 1498.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 117 To William de la Rivers for Alen the litell Scottisman in rewarde, 13s. 4c?. To John Carter going to the newe He in rewarde, £2. To Sir Pieter for a masse boke, 8s. 18. To the Quenes grace, £6. 13s. 4c?. To Robert Jones for Perkyns horsemete from the first day of February unto the last day of April accompted eighty-nine dayes at 5c?. by day, £1. 17s. lc?. To one that bloweth on a home, 8s. 4c?. For offring at Maideston and the Rode of grace, £1 . The King then began his progress to Canterbury, at which place a person brought him Perkin Warbeck's standard, probably the one used on landing in Kent in July 1496. At Pechis. — 19. At Madeston. — 20. At Faversham. 20. At Canterbury. To John Bowes of Hyth for bringing of Perkin standard, in rewarde, £1. To the herytik at Canterbury, 6s. 8c?. Bacon says, " The King had, though he were no good scoleman, the honour to convert a heretick by dispute at Canterbury." It was perhaps on this occasion. 26. At Sittingborn.— 27. At Rochester.— 28. At Dertforde. To Garter for sixty scutchons of the armes of Fraunce, £2. To the maryners of the Sovereigne, £1. May 4. To one that wrote a copye of a rolle of diverse Kings, 3s. 4c?. 8. At the Tour. — To Peter Vekyn for 175 elles of verdour, at 4s. 4c?. thelle, £29. 3s. 4c?. To Master Griffyn, the swymmer, 6s. 8c?. To a Preste that made powder, 13s. 4d. Query, gunpowder. 15. At Master Lovells— 23. At Hertford. 23. To Robert Johns for Perkyn, 13s. 4c?. Johns was one of the Grooms of the King's Chamber. — Rot. Pari. vi. 357.471. For Perkyns riding goun, lis. 25. For a rewarde yeven at the paper mylne, 16s. 8c?. It is a common idea that the first Paper Mill in England was erected in the reign of Elizabeth : this entry proves that they were known at least half a century before. 27- To Robert Taillor the Quenes surgeon, £3. 6s. 8c?. To James Braybrok for a cupborde and a portall, £2. Dehvered to Master Shaa towards Master Bray belding at Heggecote, £100. Baker, in his History of Northamptonshire, says, " The manor and advowson of ' Ochecote,' alias ' Eggecote,' were sold to Sir Reginald 118 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1498. Bray in the 6 Henry VII. 1490-1, by Margaret, daughter and heiress of Richard Whittingham, and her second husband, Thomas Haselwode, Esq. for 800/." and that " the old Manor-house was taken down about the middle of the last century. When first erected, does not appear. Additions were made to it temp. Henry VIIL by Sir Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, who purchased the manor in 1535." pp. 492, 495. This entry shews that it was built by Sir Reginald Bray in 1498, and that the King gave him 100/. towards the expense of building it. June 1. To Sir John Baptista maker of fumacacone, £5. 9. To Steven Bull and Barnesfeld seking for Perkyn, for there costs, £1. 6s. 8c?. Perkin, having deceived his keepers, fled to the sea-coast ; and this and the two following entries refer to measures taken to re-capture him. He was, as is well known, soon obliged to take refuge in the Priory of Shene, the Prior of which begged the King to spare his life. Henry ordered him to be placed in the stocks, and, some days afterwards, he was compelled to read his confession on a scaffold in various parts of London, and was then committed to the Tower. His career after this time was of short duration. Having attempted to corrupt the servants of Sir John Digby, the Lieutenant of the Tower, and involved the young Earl of Warwick in the plot, — " this winding ivy of a Plantagenet," says Bacon, " was ordained to kill the true tree itself." The conspiracy was revealed, and Perkin was tried for high treason, and executed at Tyburn. 10. To Bradsha riding for Perkyn, 13s. 4c?. To four yomen waching one night with four botes one night, 6s. 8c?. 14. Dehvered and sent over the see for sertayn iuels of gold, £2000. ' J S 16. Dehvered by the Kinges comandment for to repay the lone money, £10,000. 18. At Shene. 19. For a cote and a payr of hooses bought and made for the Kinges fole, 15s. 2c?. To Trephry for cariage of carpetts, 9s. 6c?. To Sir Charles going into France, £56. 13s. 4c?. To Dr. Ruthall going with hym, £33. 6s. 8c?. Sir Charles Somerset and Dr. Ruthall were ambassadors to conclude a peace with France. — Foedera, xii. 685. 30. To making of the bonefuyr, £2. To my Lorde Strange in rewarde, £40. To Sir Edward Stanley in rewarde, £26. 13s. 4c?. July 1. To my Lady the Kinges moder for cessione' money payed for Brekenok, £40. For making of a bonefyr, 10s. 5. To the binding ofthe Kepars doughter of Westminster to prentassode, £4. To James Dundasse, a Scott, 10s. 1498.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 119 12. To a Knight of Spayn in rewarde, £20. To the doctour that come with hym, £13. 5s. To my lord of London scribe in rewarde, £1. 20. Dehvered to the King's Coferer opon iij tailes of Hampton, £2320. 13s. 4c?. To the Mayr of Rochester toward the brige there, £5. The historians of Rochester do not notice any reparations ofthe bridge in 1498, but they state that " in 1489, the Bridge being much broken and out of repair, John Morton, Archbishop of Canterbury, published a remission from Purgatory for forty days of all manner of sins to all such persons as would give any thing towards its repairs." To Arnold Jeffrey, orgon pleyer, for a quarter wages unto Mid- somer last, 10s. 25. To Master Conyngesby servaunt and Master Frowick ser vaunt for writing of sertayn bokes for the King, £3. 6s. 8c?. Both Coningsby and Frowick were Sergeants at Law. 30. At Stratford. Delivered by the Kinges comandment for sertayn juels bought in France, £2648. 9s. To Master Braret for writing of transumpts, £50. To Owen Tudder in rewarde, £2. The King's uncle, be being the third son of Katherine, widow of Henry V. by Owen Tudor. He was a monk at Westminster, and in the 16 Hen. VII. is a payment for burying him. In the Churchwardens' ac counts of St. Margaret's, Westminster, 1501, 6d. are mentioned as paid for " the knell of Owen Tudor with the bell." 31. To Benson wiff for stuff bought for my lorde of York and for my lady Margaret, £6. 16s. 4c?. Aug. 1. Haveryng.— 2. Sith Tyrell. — 3. Bordefeld. — 4. At Montgomery. For the Bushipps of Flaunders rewarde, £100. For the Doctour that come with hym, £33. 6s. 8c?. For Courtevile in rewarde, £26. 13s. 4c?. To Vincent Wolff the phisician, £2. 6. At my Lorde Oxon. It was probably on this visit when the well-sknown fact occurred of the King's thanking the Earl of Oxford for his hospitality, but telling him that his attorney must speak with him for having disobeyed the statute forbidding a great number of retainers to be kept. 1 1 . To my Lorde of Oxon Joculer, 6s. 8c?. To the yoman of my Lorde Oxon horses, 13s. 4c?. To my lorde of Oxon berewarde, 4s. To one that founde a Stok dove, Is. 13. At Lanam.— 14. At Bury. — 18. At Thetford. — 20. At Mr. Knyvetts.— At Norwich the 21st.— At Mr. Boleings 22nd 23. At Walsingham. — 24 and 25. At Lynne. To a fole at Master Knyvett's, 3s. 4c?. 120 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1498. Sept. 5. At Pet: Heronghs.— 7- At Coly Weston. 8. To Master Coferer for a rewarde yoeven to my Lorde Car- dynall servants for a porpas had to thenbassadors, 21s. To a piper at Huntington, 2s. Dehvered to Ormeston upon a bille for a Knt. of the Rodes, £15. 6s. 9c?. 11. At Lorde Wilt'. 12. At Vaux.— 13. At Northampton.— 16. At Hegecot — 19. At Banbury.— 20. At Wodestok. 23. To Sir Edward Wingfield for finding ij hares aboutes Master Vaux place, 6s. 8c?. To the Kinges losse at cardes at Hegecote, 3s. 4c?. To Lion herrald of Scotland, £10. Sum' totalis of all paymentes made and contained in this boke from the 1st day of Octobre, A°. 13, unto the 1st day of Octobre, A". 14, that is, for the hole yere, £72,309. 7s. 8c?. Oct. 4. At Langley. — 6. At Wodestok. Nov. 6. To my Lorde Prince organ pleyers for a quarter wages endid at Michellmas, 10s. Delivered by lone unto Eny Portman and Lewes de la Fava, Florentynes, £666. 13s. 4c?. 22. To a Lumbard for muske and awmber, £17- 5s. Dec. 6. Delivered to John Preston by thands of Charles Rippon in full payment for the manour of Remmans, £60. 28. To a tumbler at my Lorde Bathes, £1. To therle of Westmerland Suster, 6s. 8c?. A° 1499. Jan. 2. To Jn. Vandelf for a glasse, £1. 10s. 13. At my Lorde Bathe. — 19. Grenawich. Payde to S. Jn. Shaa in full payment of all his rekenyings to this day, aswell for newyeresgifts and making of diverse juels and setting and polishing of stones, as for money delivered by hym to Master Seymour for the werkes at Windesour, £667. 2s. 1 lc?. To Portecules riding to Normandy for a freer to preche thise Lent tyme, £3. 6s. 8c?. 20. To Thomas Hough and his felowes for bringing up of a yong gentilwoman, £10. To Wyley riding with diverse lettres and privy sealls for the same gentilwoman, £1. 10s. To Jn. Davy riding to Canterbury for the fonte, 6s. 8c?. This font was sent for, for the christening of the King's third son Edmund, who was baptized in the Friers Church, Greenwich, Feb. 24. To the Priour of Crichurch servant of Canterbury in rewarde for the fonte, £2. To a straunger of Purpynyan that shewed quintasencia, in re warde, £2. Some preparation for converting the baser metals into gold. 1499.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 121 Feb. 2. At Shene. — 6. At Grenewich. 8. To Olyver Tonor for relikes, in rewarde, £2. 13s. 4c?. To a mayden for presenting floures, Is. 22. To Antony Corsse for a clothe of an estate conteyning 47 J yerds, £11. the yerd, £522. 10s. To Master Frowik sergant at the lawe for S. Rauff Hastings lande at Wansted, £360. To Wulf the physician at ij tymes, £8. 6s. 8c?. 28. To Jasper, late Perkyn taillor, £2. To Marques Lang, the King of Romans servant, £6. 13s. 4c?. To the Master of the Rolls, £20. March 3. Delivered to the Sergeunt of the Poultry for the expenes of the Lorde of Rome, £16. 13s. 4c?. To Jacques Haulte in full payment for the disguysing at Christenmas, £32. 18s. 6\d. To Jacques Haulte for the conduyt at Wodestok, £20. 6. To M'gar Sharp for S. William Stanley debtes, £1. To Thom Englishe for thexpens of the Romayn towards Dover, £10. To Mathew Johns for a childe that was yeven the King upon newyeresday, Is. 8c?. To Vincent tharmorer in party of payment for 5 justing har- nesse, £5. To Master William Paronus, an astronymyre, £1. For redemyng of 13 persons out of the Marchalsey, £3. lis. 6c?. April 12. To a Grey Freer for a pardon, £5. For redemyng of persons oute of the Kinges Benche, £19. 8s. 8c?. To thenbassadour of Fraunce, £49. 10s. To Mathew Baker going with him, £20. 19. To John Atkynson for diverse books, 13s. 6c?. To Thorns Englisshe in full payment of £15. 10s. for thexpens of the Lorde of Italye, £5. 10s. To a Doucheman for a cage. May 4. At Wansted.— 7. At the Toure. To Quintyn for ij Saulter Bokes, 8s. 8. To one that went to the Holy lande, £1. 10. To Ruge Dragon riding to the King of Fraunce, £3. 6s. 8c?. 24. To the Master of the Rolls going over the See, £40. To Doctour Midelton in likewise, £40. To Blumantle in likewise, £3. 6s. 8c?. 31. To my Lorde Prince servant for a money maker, £1. 6s. 8c?. For a stone of wulle to trusse the juels with, 4s. 4c?. June 6. Delivered and payd by the Kinges comandement opon a bille signed, £4820. 122 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1499. To a multiplier in the Tour of London, £33. 6s. 8c?. To multiply is used by Chaucer to convert base metals into gold. See the Chanones Yemannes Tale, verses 16303, 16317. — This person, pro bably, was an alchymist. To the Maygame at Grenewich, 4s. For the Kinges losse at tenes, 8s. To the pleyers with marvels, £4. Persons who acted miracles. To the Printers at Westmr, £1. The press of Richard Py nson, who is mentioned in a subsequent entry. 8. To therle Boughan bastard son in rewarde, £10. James Stewart, Earl of Buchan, uterine brother of James the Second of Scotland. The bastard here noticed was probably James Stewart, who obtained letters of legitimation on the 20th of February, 1489 Wood's Douglas's Peerage of Scotland, vol. i. p. 262, 263. But it is singular he should be styled a bastard ten years afterwards. 15. To Mastress Stafford for fronteletts, £2. For haukes cappes, 2s. 22. To a woman for a rede rosse, 2s. Delivered to the Coferer as of lone which is to be repayed at Michelmas A° 16th in redy money by indentr', £3000. Delivered to the same Coferer upon iiij tailes of Hampton which is to be repayed by Jn. Dawtry, £2320. 13s. 4c?. 25. At Langley. To Roger Barne for making ofthe Kinges sete at the Butt, 6s. 8d. 26 and 27- At Abendon — 29. At Donyngton.— 30. At Andover. Delivered to the Kinges grace in farthings of gold, £1. To the Kinges piper in rewarde, 10s. For a horse bridle and sadell for young Nevill, lis. 8c?. 31. At Winchester. — Aug. 2. At Hampton. Aug. For a Kendall cote for litell Nevil, 3s. 4c?. To Whiting for breking down of walls and making of dores at Andover, 8s. To Norrey herrald at armes riding to Berwik to mete thenbas- sardour of Scotlande, £5. 3. At Biewley. To the Pope's collect' servant for hauks, 10s. To a servant ofthe Popes sonnes, £6. 13s. 4c?. Lent to Master Bray for the reparing of the Soveraign, £200. 9. At the Wight. 17. To Roger Barker riding to tharchbishop of York for a be nefice, £1. 23. At Quarr — 24. At Porchester. Sept. 2. At Waltham — 3. At Winchester. To thenbassadour of Fraunce, £60. 1499] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 123 To his 5 Henchmen, £10. For ij Bonetts for therle of Desmond, 10s. To the Bay lif of Winchester for taken of prophecyers, 13s. 4c?. 20. To Master Comptroller going to Flanders, £33. 6s. 8c?. — To Dr. Hatton going with hym, £20. To thenbassadour of Portingale, £60. 13s. 4c?. — To the Doctour of Portingale, £50. — To the pere' ent of Portingale, £5. To thenbassadour of Spayn in rewarde, £66. 15s. To a Frensheman for sertain bokes, £56. 4s. To the Protonother of Scotland, £60. To an Herrald of Scotland, £6. 13s. 4c?. For ther horsmete in the inne, £7- 1 7s. 7^?- 23. At Frefold. — 26. At Basingtok. Oct. 9. At Windsor. 26. To ij men of Lynne and ij men of Cambrige that brought proves for diverse of the Kinges matters, £1. 6s. 8c?. 29. At Westminster. Nov. 8. Delivered by the Kinges comandment for his werks in sondry and diverse placs, £7640. Dec. 8. At Wansted — 14. At Master Lovells. To Weston for a pott of tyme, 5s. To Master Frowik and Connyngs by Sergeants, £14. 6s. 8c?. — To their clerks in rewarde, £2. — To iij other Sergeants at the Lawe, £6. To Quintyn for iij bokes, £1. Payd to the Coferer for the manour of Plumsted, £418. Payd for the buriell of therle of Warwic by iiij bills, £12. 18s. 2c?. The Earl of Warwick having assented to Perkin Warbeck's enterprise, advantage was gladly taken of the circumstance to destroy the last male Plantagenet, he being the only son of George Duke of Cla rence. The young prince was beheaded in the 24th year of his age, in November 1499. To Henry the Kinges godson in rewarde, 10s. A0 1500. Jan. 1. To the trumpettes that blowe when the King come1 over the water, 3s. 4c?. 13. At Shene. To 5 newe gestes, price the pece £1. 6s. 8c?. 24. To one that brought the King date treesse, 6s. 8c?. Feb. 1. To an astronomyer for a prognosticacon, £3. 6s. 8c?. To Mastres Brente for a forke of silver, pois iij oz. 12s. For a boke to Mastres Brent, 5s. 14. For hauks bells yeven at Hatfeld to my Lorde the Due of York, 8s. 124 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1500. 28. At London. Delivered to Master Comptroller and Master Lovell for thalmess- house at Westmynster, £200. To Master Bernerd the blynde poet, £6. 13s. 4c?. March 13. To Doctor Ednam for a portacre, £3. 6s. 8c?. April 15. To Jousselin for bringing up of 2 ofthe doughters of Teyndrings, £2. To one that gaff the King cutt papires, 10s. May. Paid for the buryall of my Lorde Edmund over and be- sydes thabbot and convent of Westmynster unrewarded, as apperith by a boke of parsellis particulerly, £242. lis. 8c?. Edmund, the King's third son, died an infant at Bishops Hatfield in Hertfordshire, and was buried at Westminster. Paymentes made in the Kinges journey frome Grenewiche to Calais, and frome Calais to Grenewiche agen, by the space of 9 weeks, £1589. 12s. 10c?. " Whether to avoid the danger of the sickness then reigning, or to take occasion to commune with the Duke of Burgundy, the King, with Queen Elizabeth his wife, sailed over and landed at Calais on the 8th of May, and returned in the month of June. — Stow, p. 482. July. Delivered the Quenes grace for a goun, £20. Delivered the Kinges grace for play on Sonday at night, £1. 13s. 4c?. 5. To one that appeched Ilger, £1. 25. To the hervest-folk beside Burneham Abbey, Is. For a weder that was slayn with the Kinges spaynyells, Is. 8c?. Sept. 11. To Sir Wm. Tyler for burying of Sir Gilbert Deben- ham, £1. Sum' totalis of all payments conteyned in this boke from the furst day of October A" loth, unto the furst day of October A0 16, amount unto £46,183. 12s. 5c?. Oct. 9. At Redes Place. — At Wodestok. 23. Payd by Thomas Lovell at Hampton to Jacun a counte, in partye of payment of 312 butts of Malmesyes, £300. Dec. 1. To a felow for eting of coles, 6s. 8c?. Delivered to John Myklow for thexpens of thambassadour of Flanders to London, £6. 3s. 3c?. To Thomas Blakall the Kinges foule, 6s. 8c?. A° 1501. Jan. 1. To the Walshe harper in rewarde, 6s. 8c?. The Kinges journey towards Warr' and agayn. To Doctor Hatton going into Scotland of embasset for his costs, £14. 6s. 8c?. March 25. To a berward in reward, 6s. 8c?. To Quintyn for claspes and garnyshing of the Kinges boke, £10. 1501.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 125 Delivered and payd by the Kinges comandment for diverse and many juells brought oute of Fraunce agenst the marage of my Lorde Prince, £14,000. To a stranger of Constantynnoble, £6. 3s. 4c?. May 21. For a lute for my Lady Margaret, 13s. 4c?. The King's eldest daughter, then about twelve years old, afterwards Queen of Scots. 28. To John Dawtrey for repar' don apon the dungeon at Por- chester Castell, £1. 15s. 5c?. To Poule Giglys for the costs of the transumpts of the Kinges bulls, £39. 3s. June 25. For a George of dyamonds, £18. The George of the Order of the Garter. To a Spanyarde that pleyed on the corde, £10. 30. To Massy for shaving the King from the 25 day of March unto the 25 day of Juyn, £2. 12s. July 16. Delivered to John Atkynson for silks to be bought for the disguysing, £10. 23. To Master Esterfelde for the Kinges toumbe, £10. Henry the Seventh's tomb at Windsor. For this tomb, which it was originally intended should be placed at Windsor, but which was re moved to the King's new Chapel in Westminster Abbey, in January 1503, Mr. Esterfeld received at various times, 68/. 3*. 2d. Agnes Adames for keping and beryng of Henr. Bonghan the Kinges godson, £1. 6s. 8c?. To John Atkynson in full payment of his rekenyngs for the dis- guy sings, £34. 17s. 4c?. 31. To Thomas Lucas the Kinges solicitour, £3. 6s. 8c?. To Robert Vertu in parte of payment of £100 for belding of a toure in the Toure of London, £40. Two other payments of £20 each were made to him on the same account, Oct. 15, and Nov. 20. To the pleyers at Myles ende, 3s. 4c?. Aug. 23. At Martyn Abbey. Sept. 30. Sir Charles Somerset going apon the Kinges embasset' for his costs, £120. To the Emperor Maximilian, with whom he concluded two treaties in June 1502. — Foedera, xiii. p. 9, 10. To the Master of the Rolls going with hym for his costs, £66. 13s. 4c?. Dr. William Warham, Bishop of London elect.— Ibid- Sum. totalis of all payments from the 1 day of Oct. A0 16, unto the 1 day of Oct. A° 17, £47,934. 19s. 7c?. Sum. totalis of all payments conteyned in this boke from the furst daye of Oct. A0 15, unto the furst daye of Oct. A0 17, £99,118. 12s. lc?. K 126 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1502. To theym that daunced to mer' daunce, £1. 6s. 8c?. Oct. 29. To one that appeched Sir John Savell, 13s. 4c?. Nov. 6. In almes to Chertessey bruge, 6s. 8c?. To a Greke with a berde, in rewarde, £1. 12. Ista die venit Domina Ispan. London. The Princess Katharine landed at Plymouth on the 2nd of October, arrived at Lambeth Palace on the 9th of November, and on the Friday following, 12th November, about two in the afternoon, " came riding from Lambeth into Southwark, and so to London Bridge." — Stow's Annals, p. 483. She was married on the 14th ; and the festivities on the occasion are minutely described by Hall, Stow, and other Chroniclers, Leland's Collectanea, v. p. 352 ; and also in a MS. printed in the Antiqua rian Repertory. 18. Arthur Prince ad Dna: Katha: Princ: Hispane at Poules. For carage of the payment of Spain from Poules to the water, Is. 20. To Whiting for the Kinges standing in the Chepeside, £6. 13s. 4c?. To witness the pageant on the arrival ofthe Princess. Dec. 4. To the Princesse stryngmynstrels at Westm. £2. To Gonsalvo Vasons of Hispan. £60. To the Countesse of Spayn son, £6. 13s. 4c?. One ofthe suite ofthe Princess Katharine. 31. To the Rymer of Scotland in rewarde, £6. 13s. 4c?. In all probability William Dunbar the Scotch poet, who visited Eng land in this year, perhaps in consequence of the marriage of James IV. and the Princess Margaret, whose nuptials he celebrated in his " Thris- sil and the Rois." A" 1502. Jan. 7- To one that sett the Kinges cleyvecords, 13s. 4c?. A kind of spinnet, or rather a small harpsichord. Skelton says, " The Clavichord hath a tunely kind, As the wyre is wrested high and low.'' To John English the pleyer, 10s. To my Lorde of York to pley at dice, £3. 6s. 8c?. For the Kinges losse at chesse, 13s. 4c?. To men of Bristoll that founde Thisle, £5. Persons probably who accompanied Cabot when he discovered New foundland. Stow says, " In this year three men were brought from thence, clothed in beasts' skins, and eat raw flesh, but spake such a language as no man could understand them." — Annals, p. 485. For 2 new bokes bought of Ursyn, £2. To a Rymer of Scotland, £6. 13s. 4c?. Query, Dunbar ? See above. 1502.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 127 31. To William Paune for thexpense of the Scotts, £100. The embassy sent to negociate James IV.'s marriage. It consisted ofthe Archbishop of Glasgow, Patrick Earl of Bothwell, Andrew For- man, Prior of Mayo, with a retinue of one hundred persons. Their passport was dated 28th October 1501. — Foedera, xii. 780. Feb. 4. For the Quene of Scotts offring, 12s. 6c?. To the grete woman of Flaunders, £2. She is called in the Queen's Privy Purse Expenses, " Anne the great Fleming,'' p. 69 ; and elsewhere in these accounts, " The long Fleming ;" perhaps a sort of giantess, and therefore kept as a curiosity among the jesters and other extraordinary persons who contributed to the amusement of the Court. To one Lewes for a mores daunce, £1. 13s. 4c?. 18. To Weston for the Kinges losse at disse opon Shrove Mon day, £1. 13s. 4c?. To John Vandelf for a color of gold for the King, £30. Splendid chains and collars were a luxury in which persons of rank indulged to excess. Stow says, " At the marriage of the Princess, Sir Thomas Brandon, the Master of the Horse, wore a chain worth £1400, and Sir Nicholas Vaux wore a collar of S. S. which weighed 800 pounds of nobles." 18. To the Dean of Warwik for the buryall of Thomas Brerton, £4. 5s. 7c?. To John Wint for carriage of the Princesse stuff from Plymouth to Ludlow, 10s. The Castle of Ludlow was assigned for the residence of Prince Arthur and his bride. 26. To a man that brought 33 crusades, for his rewarde, 4 cru sades, wherof young Ambres stale 2. March 11. To Bowman for making of ymages, £3. Is. lOi. To Thomas Paynter for paynting, £4. 19. To Master Esterfeld for the Kinges tombe at Windesor, £10. To Quintyn for bynding of 7 bokes and carriage of the same, 7s. 8c?. 31. To William Paune in full payment of thexpens of thenbas sadours of Scotland at their last being here, £328. 13s. 2c?. Apr. 29. To the Quenes grace in lone opon sertan plate, £500. May 13. For my Lorde Prince pardon, 6s. 8d. A certificate of indulgence from his confessor. To John Ketylby for thexpens of my Lady Princes at two tymes, ot/-xU. 30. To Robert Sill in parte of payment for making of two taber nacles, £5. June 10. For two portaces and two masse bokes, £1. 7s. Ad. To one that brought Chetewyn from Coventrye, £1. K 2 128 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1502. 18. Payd to the Under Treasurer, the rest of his boke made for the buriall of my Lorde Prince, £566. 16s. The Under-Treasurer for the burial of Prince Arthur, who died 2nd April 1502. To Morgan Kidwelly for burying of Owen Tudder, £3. Is. 2c?. Kidwelly was Attorney-General to Richard III. whom he deserted. He was a Knight, and one of the Commissioners for levying an aid in the county of Dorset in 1503. Notices of this person will be found in Sharon Turner's History of England ; the Queen's Privy Purse Expenses, p. 205 ; and on the Rolls of Parliament, vol. vi. pp. 321 , 535. To Antony Verard for two bokes called the Gardyn of Helth, £6. Sep. 16. Delivered to Gaspar Pon the Pope's oratour by the Kinges comaundment for and unto the Pope's use, £4000. The year 1500 was a year of jubilee, when the Holy See granted ex traordinary indulgences in return for certain gratuities ; but to save the trouble of sending the money to Rome, his Holiness sent his Orator or Commissioner, Gaspar Pons, a Spaniard, to this country to receive it. Bacon says he fulfilled his mission very successfully, and levied great sums to the Pope's use, with little or no scandal. Henry was suspected of sharing the money, but unjustly ; and to prove to the common people that this was consecrated money, Pons brought from the Pope a brief, in which Henry was exhorted and summoned to appear in person against the Turks, he having meditated a crusade against the infidels, in which England was to unite with Venice and the Holy See in subduing Con stantinople. Henry's plausible answer is given by Bacon, who considers that he never meant to join the plan, though the Knights of Rhodes elected him Protector of their Order, and wliich accounts for many pay ments to Knights of Rhodes. — Ed. 1825, p. 372. Subsequent historians have scarcely noticed this circumstance, perhaps from thinking with Lord Verulam, that it was little more than a concerted ruse between Henry and the Holy See, to prevent suspicion in his subjects; for pos terity has been too ready to ascribe a want of faith to Henry in all finan cial concerns. This entry is however strong proof that the King was sincere in his desire to aid the Pope's design, as he sent him the large sum, for the period, of £4000, which does not seem to have formed any part of the jubilee money. Pons, it appears, was rewarded with £200 ; and the official of Sarum, who brought the jubilee money, with £3. To the said Gaspar Pon in rewarde, £200. To the prothonithor of Spain in rewarde, £200. To Sir William Tyler for the parish churche of Richemont, £13. 6s. 8d. To the said Sir William for one Sills that maketh tabernacles ther, £5. Sep. 23. To a mariner that brought an eagle, 6s. 8c?. To thofliciall of Sarum that com with the money of the ju- biley, £3. 0s. 2c?. J Sep. 24. At Wodestock— 28. At Langley. 1503.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 129 30. To the merchants of Bristoll that have bene in the Newe- founde Launde, £20. Oct. 1. Delivered and payd by the Kinges comaundnient to Harman Rung for and to thuse and behove of the King of the Ro mans, in silver, £10,000. Delivered to thabbot of Westminster for the beleding of the Kinges new Chapell, £40. Between October 1502, and June 1505, the Abbot of Westminster received 9650/. 17s. id. for the King's Chapel in Westminster Abbey. To Sir Thomas Brandon going in an embassade to the King of Romaines, £66. 13s. 4c?. — To Doctour West going with him, £60. To Sir Thomas Darcy going into Scotland in embassade, £20. — To Doctor Babington going with him, £16. To thabbot of Westminster opon a bille for making of the herse, £58. 16s. 7c?. To Halybrand for thexpens of my Lady Princess household for the moneth of November, £83. 6s. 8c?. Nov. 11. To the smyth of Richemount for a litell clock, £3. 6s. 8c?. 19. To Weston for a new cote for the Kinges Confessour, 13s. Ad. To Garter for the statutes of the Garter sent to the King of Ro- mayns, £2. The Order of the Garter was about this time conferred on Maxi milian, King of the Romans, afterwards Emperor of Germany. 26. To a prest that appeched Master Grantham of Lincoln, in rewarde, £3. 6s. Dec. 2. To the Quenes grace for the disguysing, 10s. 16. To my Lady Egremont in rewarde, £10. Delivered and payd by the Kinges comandment for purchasing of lands for the Kinges Chapell at Westminster, £30,000. To the Quenes grace for furres bought, £20. 31. To the children ofthe Kinges Chapell for singing of Gloria in excelsis, £2. To the pleyers of St. Albones, 10s. A" 1503. Jan. 2. To one that brought the King a leopard, £13. 6s. 8c?. To thabbot of mysrule in rewarde, £6. 13s. 4c?. To the pleyers of Essex in rewarde, £1. 13. To Sir William Colson that was in the Toure, £1. To Master Estfeld for conveying of the Kinges toumbe from Windesor to Westminster, £10. To Laurence, master of the tumblers, £5. To Piers Barbor for one that makes the King a rolle of his armes, 8s. 27. For a tabernacle of gold, £22. 31. To Quintyn for writing of 2 rolls of the fundacon of the Kinges almose houses at Westminster, £1. 6s. 8c?. 130 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1503. To John Atkyngson for 2 bokes of the warderob. of the Kinges robes, 2s. Feb. 2. For offring at our Lady Berking, 6s. 8c?. For making of the Kinges weyes betwixt London and Stratford, Is. 8c?. Mar. 10. To the Walshemen for Saint David, £2. 16. Delivered to Sir Robert Hatton in prest at two tymes for the buryall of the Quenes grace, £433. 6s. 8c?. 31. To John See for bringing up one Jn. Talbot, in rewarde, 10s. April 8. For making of an arber at Baynardes Castell, 5s. To thenbassador of Spayne, £20. For the King of the Romaunes fyne at Windesor, £20. On being installed by proxy as a Knight of the Garter. 12. To Lewes Adam that made disguysings, £10. 13. To Master John Plyne for the wages of the Quenes ladeys and gentilwomen, £68. For the wages of the Quenes servants of hir staple, £47- 12s. Ad. To thenxmen to take their rights, £1. 14. To Thorns Sterr in full payment of his indentur for painting of two tabernacles, £6. To Robert P^ylle for making of the same, £8. For making of a birdes cage, £2. 4s. 6c?. May 6. To a preste that brought tresor trouve, £1. To John Flee for brouderers and other werkemen werking for the Quene of Scotts, £13. 6s. 8c?. To the Admiral of France's servant, £6. 13s. 4c?. 26. To Steven Jenyns of London for plegging of sertain of the Quenes juells, £100. 31. To Montjoy herrault of Fraunce, £13. 6s. 8c?. Delivered to thundertreasurer in full payment of £2832. 7«- 3c?. for thentirment of the Quenes grace, £2389. 0s. 7d. To the Quenes dry norysse in rewarde, £3. 6s. 8c?. Ju'ie 2. To Kigheley riding with a lettre to my Lorde Dacre, and with eleven privy sealls into Suffolk and Kent for wullstelers, £13. 4s. 7- To John Clerk for diverse cables, ropes, and other tackling delivered to Robert Brigandin for the Soveraign, £166. 10s. 23. To Master Shaa for a George of diamants, £4. 4s. Delivered by the Kinges comaundment for sertain juells, plate, and other stuff bought aswell for the Quene of Scotts as for the Kinges owen use, £16,000. Sept. 1. At Tudebury. To Philip riding to the ladyes that come oute of Scotland, 6s. U- Delivered by the Kinges comaundement to William Coope co ferer for the furst payment to be delivered to the King of Scotts for the mariage ofthe Quene of Scotts, over and besydes 5000 crounes oi'soleills, for the full payment of 5000 marcs, the sum of £2333. 6s. 8c?. 1504.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 131 Sept 4. At Asheby.— 6. At Meryvall Abbey.— 7. At Asteley. 15. To Weston for the King to pley at cleke at Burton-opon- Trent, £2. 23. At Spene Place. — At Banbury. — At Horns. — At Langley. To the hardewareman for certain ymages, £2. 8s. Sum. totalis of all payments conteyned in this boke, from the furst day off October A" 18, unto the furst day of Oct. A0 i9, amount unto £90,327- 8s. 9c?. Oct. 2. At Mynstr Lovell. — At Abendon. Nov. 1. To a pilgrym of High Ducselande, £2. 5s. To Richard Pynson the prynter, in rewarde, £1. 17. To Doctor Fisher of Cambrige, £3. 6s. 8c?. To one that brought haukes from the Newfounded Island, £1. 24. For 3 quay re papir, 6c?. For prynting of new Colletts, £1. 13s. 4c?. Dec. 8. To David Phelip opon his billes for finding and rayment of Margaret Pole, £52. 6s. 8c?. To Robert Brigandyn for rigging of the Soveraign, £20. 22. To Robert Brigandyn towards the new preparing of the Soveraign lying at Erith, £20. To Thomas Esington in full payment of £34. of lande yerely amortesed at Westminster, £504. 13s. 4c?. To Thomas Kenedy for paynting of the Freers Churche, Rosse, £4. A° 1504. Jan. 1. To litell Mayden the tumbler, £1 . To Vonecorps the tumbler in rewarde, £1. Feb. 23. To Sir Gilbert Talbot going on embassade to Rome for his costs, £5. Clement for a nightingale, £1. To therralds at armes for their larges at the creacon of my Lorde Prince, £5. March 1. To Ric. Nevill for 4 Frenshe boks, 12s. For 10 painted clothes, 2s. 3c?. For 12 ymages, 6s. 8c?. 6. For a pair of clavycords, 10s. To John Sudborough for a songe, £1. To Ruge Dragon for crabbes and creves, 13s. 4c?. To the Master of the Kinges barge for new dressing of the balyncher, £2. Delivered and payd by the Kinges comaundement for diverse precious stones and other iuells that com from beyonde the see, £30,000. April 8. To a preste that goeth to the new Ilande, £2. For finding of Thomas Trowe prisoner at the Gatehouse at Westminster, £3. May 3. To the mylner at the rape mylle, 6s. 8c?. 132 PRIVY PURSE EXPENSES OF [1505. May 31. To James Jentill for the Quenes debte, £30. June 30. To Luke his man for keping of the clok at Richemont, 3 qrs. passed, £1. 10s. To the pages ofthe hall for the making ofthe bonefyr, in rewarde, 10s. July 12. To Ric. Pynson opon a prest for massebokes to be printed, £10. For making and paynting of knotts, £66. 13s. 4c?. Sep. 13. To Mourice Saint John one spere for the wags of hym his custrell and his page at 18c?. by day, and two archers either at 8c?. by day for 6 wekes, £5. 19s. 28. At Alleford.— Oct. 1. At. Farneham. Oct. 4. To Watt the luter that pleyed the fole, 13s. 4c?. ( 11. At Richemont. Nov. 1. To the parishe preste at Richemont for the buylding of their new churche, £10. 15. To my Lorde Herbert in lone by his bille for buryng of Sir Richard Pole, £40. 29. To the Bishop of Winchester for the Kinges almosshouses at Westminster by a boke, £11. 14s. 2c?. A" 1505. Jan. 12. At Wansted. To Master Coferer opon a bille for Margaret de la Pole clothing and Mastres Anne hir wags at Ester last passed by a bille of parcells, „£12. 0s. 6c?. 31. To the parishe preste of Richemont for and towards the beleding of ther churche, £10. To the library for boks, 6s. 8c?. Feb. 14. To John Cheseman for clenshing off Lewesham ryver, £3. 6s. 8c?. Mar. 15. To Maynard the Kinges payntour for pictors, £1. To a Frensheman for printed bokes, £10. 15s. 19. To John Heth of Draytworth for the title of Richard Beau champ Erie of Warr. £1. Apr. 4. To Nicholas Mattok for newe takelyng of the Sovu- ragn befor hir goyng, £48. 17s. lc?. 12. At Churtessay.— 14. At Okyng.— 20. At Churtessay.— 21. At Richemont. 25. Delivered by the Kinges comandment to thenbassadors of Flaunders as money lent to tharcheduc for his next voyage unto Spayne, upon sertain writings made betwen the Kinges grace and hym, the some of £108,000. May 2. To Will. Halybrand for plegyng oute of sertan plate of the Quenes, £120. 9. To Lendesay for the wyffs at Grenewiche upon Hockmonday, 3s. 4c?. To 4 men that brought a coyner out of Hertfordshir for their costs, £1. 20. To hym that waches the crowes, 3s. 4c?. 1505.] HENRY THE SEVENTH. 133 To the Scottish boy with the beard, 10s. Ult". To the players of Kingeston towards the bilding of the churche stiple in almasse, 3s. 4c?. June 14. To Henry Jacobe for certen boks delivered to the freres at Richemount by a letter signed, £46. 10s. To Thomas Dale for his costs into Flandres caryng of horse to the King of Romaignes by the space of 21 dayes, at 12c?. the day, £1. Is. To Gartier for his costs to the King of Romans with certayn greyhonds and horsse by the space of 21 days, at 7s. a day, £7- 7 s. 21. To Wyndesor for his costs for convaying of the Franche Enbassators to Dover, 13s. 4c?. To Thomas Bynks in full payment of his indentor for the ga- lorye and thorcherd at Richemont, £8. 6s. 8c?. Delivered to Henry Smyth for fynissyng of the newe towre at Richemount and paving both galoryes and ledyng of the said towre and paying for bryke and stone and other diverse werkes, as appereth by a bille signed, £133. 6s. 8c?. 28. For making of the Kinges bonefyer, 10s. For helyng of 4 seke men, £1. 6s. 8c?. July 5. To the Bushop of Murre the Scotisshe Enbassator, £60. 22. Delivered to the Coferer for to cary to the King of Scotts for the third payment, £3333. 6s. 8c?. 25. To 3 men of Lychefeld for a vowching of the mater of the trial of one Harper, in rewarde, £2. To Sir Bartelmew Rede for 4 oz. of gold made in ryngs for the justs at Richmounte, £8. To the gentylmen of the Kinges Chapell for to drinke with a bucke, £2. Aug. 1. For a lute for my Lady Mary, 13s. 4c?. To Wyndesore Harrold at armes going into Fraunce with the Lorde Herbert, £100. To the Lorde Herbert for a rewarde towarde his costs goyng into Fraunce, =£40. Lent to the said Lord Herbert upon his oblig' whiche is to be repayd, £160. 8. To a pore man that had his corne ettyn with the Kinges deyr besyds Oking, 3s. 4c?. To a woman that clarified derys sewett for the King in re warde, 3s. 4c?. 25. To Clays goying to Richemount with wylde catts and popyngays of the Newfound Island for his costs, 13s. 4c?. To Portyngales that brought popyngais and catts of the moun- taigne with other stuf to the Kinges grace, £5. Sept. 27. Delivered and sent by the Kinges comaundment unto Flaunders to tharcheduc, as money lent unto hym for his voiage unto Spayn and for other his causes, opon certain writings made betwixt the Kinges grace and hym, the some of £30,000. 134 WILL OF SIR WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. A. D. 1385. This curious document, hitherto unpublished , affords much interesting in formation relative to Sir William de Walworth, one of the most renowned of the chief magistrates of the metropolis, as well as of the age in which he lived. His parentage is unknown. He was an apprentice of John Lovekyn, stock- fishmonger, a man of wealth and distinction in the annals of London ;* and it may be concluded that he owed his success in life to the liberality of his master, from the gratitude which he evinced towards his memory, both in his will and in the foundation of his College in the Church of St. Michael's, Crooked Lane. Walworth was Sheriff of London in 1371-2, and Lord Mayor in 1374-5, and ao-ain in 1380-1. It is unnecessary to dilate on the memorable act which has transmitted his name to posterity, and which mainly contributed to the sup pression of a rebellion that threatened the extirpation of the King and Govern ment.-)- In approbation of his conduct on that occasion, the King is stated to have immediately knighted him, and to have given him for his arms, Gules, a bend ragule Argent between two garbs, the one Or, the other Argent. These charges occur on his seal, of which a drawing may be seen in the Cottonian MS. Julius C. vii. He had moreover a grant of 100?. per annum in land. Three Aldermen were also knighted, and had 40/. per annum in land. Walworth was at that time lessee of the Stews in Southwark, under the Bishop of Winchester, which had been plundered by Wat Tyler during the insurrection, probably in revenge for the City gates having been shut against him. It would be invi dious to imagine that Walworth's sword was lifted rather in revenge for private injury than in support of public justice ; but the force with which it was used might have been increased by the remembrance of the devastation which had been committed on his property. Walworth obtained licence from the King, by letters patent dated 10th March, 4 Ric. II. 1381, to found a College for a Master and nine Chaplains * Lovekin was buried in the Church of St. Michael's, Crooked Lane; and his epitaph in Weever's Funeral Monuments comprises nearly all the informa tion now to be recovered respecting him : " Worthy John Lovekin, stock fishmonger of London, here is leyd, Four times Lord Maior hee was, if truth be seyed, Twice he was by election of Citizens then being, And twise by the commandment of his good lord the King. Chief founder of this Church in his lifetime was he, Such lovers of the common-welth too few ther be. Of August the fourth, thirteene hundryth sixty and eyght, His flesh to erth, his soul to God went streyght." Lovekin was Sheriff of London in 1343-4, and Lord Mayor in 1348-9, 1358-9, 1365-6, 1366-7. In 1366 he rebuilt the Church of St. Michael's, on a more enlarged scale than the former building, having obtained for that purpose a grant of some ground contiguous to the old site. f The Chronicle of London, published in 1827, 4to. gives a very interesting account of Wat Tyler's rebellion, differing in many particulars from other no tices of it. WILL OF SIR WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. 135 to celebrate divine service in the Church of St. Michael, Crooked Lane, in which parish he resided, and to the Church of which he had previously added a new choir and side chapels.* The patent recites the several chantriesf exist ing in that Church, and thus proceeds. "The said William "de Walworth hath urgently supplicated us, that, as the tenements and rents aforesaid are not sufficient in these days, on account of the difference of time, for the support of the Chantries aud Chaplains, in consequence of which, Divine worship may probably be diminished, to the annulling of the wills ofthe respective founders; and as the same William de Walworth intends to join together and unite the said Chantries, to the honour of God and the increase of Divine worship, and out of the said Chantries and the tenements and rents so bequeathed, to found, make, and ordain a College of one Master and nine Chaplains, to celebrate Divine ser vice in future in the said Church of St. Michael, for our healthful estate, and that of the said William and Margaret his wife, whilst we shall live, and for our souls when we shall have been withdrawn from this life, for the souls of the said founders, and of John Lovekyn formerly his master, and the souls of all his benefactors and of all the faithful defunct, according to the ordination and disposition of the said William thenceforth to be made ; and to augment the sup port of the said Master and Chaplains out of his own proper possessions — that We would happily impart our royal licence for this purpose; and further grant to the same William power to give and assign to the aforesaid Master and Chap lains and their successors a tenement with the appurtenances in the said parish of St. Michael near the Church, newly built by the same William, for the habi tation ofthe Master and Chaplains for ever : We, considering the pious inten tion of the said William, and also for the special affection which we bear and have to the person of the said William on account qf the laudable service which he has manifoldly rendered to us, have granted" — the prayer of his petition.| Walworth died in 1383, and was entombed in the Church of St. Michael, in a chapel of his own foundation. His monument was shamefully defaced in the reign of Edward VI. but was afterwards restored by the -Fishmongers' Company.|| His epitaph may be seen in Weever. From his will, it appears that he had a brother, Master Thomas Walworth, and two sisters — Cecilia, who died before him, leaving five daughters ; and Agnes, the wife of William Atte Lee, by whom she had two sons, William and Thomas, and two daughters, Matilda and Juliana. He makes bequests to his kinsman Peter Salford, and to Katherine mother of the said Peter, Johanna and Margery her daughters, and her son Nigel. Also to Johanna, the * Newcourt, i. 484. f Viz. A chantry founded by Pentecosten Russell, supported by a quit rent out of a tenement in the parish, in which tenement Walworth resided ; another chantry founded by Matill' Sterre and Roger her son; three others by John Havewe, John Abell, and Henry Gubbe ; and four perpetual chaplaincies founded respectively by William Burgh, William Jordan, Walter de Mordon, and Thomas Atte Leye. See Dugd. Mon. Ang. vol. iii. Part 2. p. 104. | " Nos ad piam intentionem ipsius W. de W. oculos nostras mentis di- rigentes ; necnon ob specialem affectionem quam ad personam ipsius W. pro laudabili servicio nobis per ipsum multipliciter impenso gerimus & habemus, de gratia nostra, &c. concessimus, &c." II Weever's Funeral Monuments. 136 WILL OF SIR WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. sister of Margaret his wife,* who was married to John Oliver -to William their son, and Alice their daughter, which Alice resided with Walworth. Like many great and noble characters in the early ages, he appears to have become a member of a religious fraternity. His enlargement of his parish church, his foundation of a college of priests therein, and his numerous bequests to the church and to ecclesiastics, show how much his mind was influenced by devotional feelings. The books also which he bequeathed to the Carthusians, the Augustine Friars, and the Bishop of Winchester's College, are entirely theo logical. The bequest of law books to his brother is highly interesting: his possession of so complete and valuable a collection implies amore than ordinary degree of proficiency in that branch of study, while the value affixed to them affords a curious illustration of the high price of MSS. at that time, and the consequent difficulties incident to the prosecution of the study of the law. His bequests in money to the church and to ecclesiastics amounted to about 390/. —a sum exceeding by 120/. that left to his family and kindred. To the poor he left in money about 65?. For his funeral expenses, 40/. To his apprentices, servants, and friends, about 162?. He directed his body to be buried in the chapel of the blessed Virgin Mary in the church of St. Michael, Crooked Lane, at the horn of the altar before the north gate leading to the cemetery. He bequeathed to the Prior and Convent of the Carthusian Order near Smithfield, for his soul, the soul of John Lovekyn formerly his master, the souls of his parents and all the faithful defunct, 100/. in money ; a great book called Vitas Patrum; a Psalter with a gloss or comment; his Hugutio, then in the custody of the Prior ; and a book called Veritas Theologie. To the Prior and Convent of Augustine Friars, London, a book called Lira, in two volumes. To the Bishop of Winchester for his trouble in the execution of his will, 40/. ; and to the Master and Scholars of the Bishop's College at Oxford a Bible, a book called Rationale Divinorum, with a Legenda Sanctorum, and a copy of St. Paul's Epistles with a copious gloss. To the Rector of St. Michael's, for tithes forgotten or unpaid, 10/. To buy necessaries for the use of the chaplains of his college, 60*. To each of the chap lains, and other priests in the church, various sums. To the repair (open) of the church, 100s. To the support of the light of St. Katherine and St. Nicholas, 100s. To the Vicar of St. Giles's, Camberwell, for tithes forgotten, 20s. ; and various sums to that church, and to the churches and incumbents of Lambeth, Newington, and Fulham. To each of the four orders of Friars Mendicant in London, to pray for his soul and the souls aforesaid, 100s.; and to the building of the Crutched Friars for the like purpose, 20s. To every anchoret in London and its vicinity, 12d. To every hospital in London, to be distributed among the poor and sick, 20s. To the prisoners in Newgate and the Marshalsea, 60s. To every chaplain of the fraternity of Chaplains in London " of which I am a brother, that they may have my soul remembered in their masses and prayers, * 28 Edw. III. 1.354. Augustin Waleis, in right of Maud his wife, died seised of a messuage and land in Walworth, held ofthe prior of Christ Church, Canterbury. He left Margery, wife of John Walwayn, set. 32, and Margaret, at. 30, wife of William Carlton, his daughters and heirs. Esch. 28 Edw. III. Nos. 55 and 56. This Margaret might have survived Carlton, and married Sir William Walworth. — In the Bishop of Winchester's Register, in 1396, Mar garet Walworth is mentioned as Lady of the Manor of Walworth. — In an in quisition taken 13 Edward IV. 1474, on the death of Sir George Walworth, it was found that he died seised of it. These were probably of the family of Sir William. — Bray's Surrey, vol. iii. p. 450. WILL OF SIR WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. 187 and that they may come to my exequies at my burial, 2s." 20/. to celebrate, within three days after his decease, as many masses as can conveniently be done for his soul, the soul of John Lovekyn, and the souls aforesaid. To be distributed among the poor on the day of his burial and his commemoration- day at the end of the first month after his death, 20l. To brothers Thomas Asschebourne, Robert Whithemede, Peter Wykes, and John Parys, various sums to pray for his soul. To glaze a window in the church of the Carmelite Friars, 10 marcs. To the church of St. Paul, 60s. ; and to the ministers and servants ofthe choir, 40s. for a pittance. To the nuns of Kylborne, 100s.; of Clerkenwell, 60s. ; of Holywell, 60s. To the Prioress and Convent of Mi- noresses without Aldgate, 60s. To the Prior and Convent of the Hospital of St. Mary without Bishopsgate, 60s.; St. Mary Over' in Southwark, 10s.; Ber- mondsey, 40s.; St. Bartholomew in Smithfield, 60s.; Hexham, 10/. He re mitted to the prior and convent of Durham a bond for 100 marks, on condition that they as well as all others pray especially for his soul, the soul of John Lovekyn, and the souls aforesaid. 20/. to be laid out in cloth and shoes, and distributed among the poor and most needy, for his soul, the soul of John Lovekyn, and the souls aforesaid. 200 yards (vulnas) of Westfale, to make lintheanna (q. lin- theamia) for the needy and sick poor as well within the hospitals of London as without. To the poor of Housbond Uppelond directly after his decease, 20/. To repair the King's highway between Southwark Bar and Newington, 20/. To his funeral expenses, 40/. and more if necessary. To master Thomas Walworth his brother, 100 marks and all he owed him, so that he cause, according to his power, special prayer to be made for the testator's soul and the souls aforesaid. Also twelve dishes, twelve salt cellars, two chargers, and two basons (pelves) with a silver lavatory. Also six pieces of plate with two covers and twelve silver spoons. Also a book Decretorum, a book Decretalium, a book called Sewtus cum glo.ia, a rosary, a speculum judiciale, a book Hostiensis in Summam, two books Hostiensis in Lecturam, a small volume, a Digestum velus, a Digestum novum, a Codex, an Inforsialum, and a book called Compilacio super Codicem et lnstituta, upon condition that, after his brother's death, he should cause all the books aforesaid to be distributed in alms for the testator's soul and the souls aforesaid, or the value of them, viz. 100/. at least; or if any of their kindred should study the laws and want the books or part of them, then his brother should deliver them in such manner as he should think expedient for the testator's soul. To each of the five daughters of Cecilia his sister deceased, 20/. in aid of their marriage. To Agnes his other sister, wife of William Atte Lee, 10/. William their son, 10/. Matilda their daughter, 10 marks in aid of her mar riage. Juliana their daughter, 10 marks. Thomas their son, 100s. To Peter Salford his kinsman, 20 marks, and a good horse, and all he owed him. Kathe- rine, mother of the said Peter, 100s. Johanna her daughter, 5 marks ; Margery another daughter, in aid of her marriage, 10 marks; Nigel her son, 100s. To Johanna wife of John Oliver, sister of Margaret his wife, 100s. William their son, " my godson" (filiolo meo) 1 00s. Alice their daughter dwelling with Wal worth, in aid of her marriage, 20/. To William Askham and Robert Mersk, his apprentices,, 40/. each, and one tun visidis. Various sums to servants, two of whom were servants at Walworth. To Ivo de Fulham, 5 marks, and one of his robes with all its trimming (ap- paralu.J To John Whitheved, late his apprentice, and Matilda his wife, 100s. each. To John Sewale of Coggeshale, 20/. William Pech' of Cranebrok, 10/.' Richard de Wermyngton his chaplain, 10/. Robert de Sprotborgh, clerk, 100s. To Margaret his wife the terms of all his apprentices to dispose of as she pleases ; and to remunerate as well his apprentices as his other servants ac cording to their merits, 40?. beyond what is above bequeathed. To William Rikell for his trouble as an executor, 10/. To William his son " my godson," 100s. The residue of all his goods, after his debts " and the debts, if any, of the said John Lovekyn formerly my master, as well by his will as otherwise," 138 WILL OF SIR WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. should have been paid, and after the completion of his will, he bequeathed to Margaret his wife, to ordain and dispose of for his soul, the soul of the said John Lovekyn, and for her own soul when she should depart this life, as should best please and seem expedient to her. He appointed the Bishop of Winchester, his wife Margaret, William Rykell, and Richard Warmyngton, chaplain, executors of his will. Dated 20 Dec. 1385. After the date a bequest occurs to the Prior and Convent of Christ's Church, Canterbury, in compensation for rents unpaid, if there be any, 40/. A full-length effigy of Sir William de Walworth, holding a dagger, was preserved in the Hall of the Fishmongers' Company, lately taken down; and they are said to possess the very dagger with which Wat Tyler was slain. This effigy was carried in the procession on Lord-Mayor's day on the late Mr. Alder man Combe's accession to the civic chair ; which probably was only a revival of what had been in early times an annual custom. In Dei nomine Amen Anno ab incarnacione ejusdih Miihno cccmo lxxxvt0 et anno r. f . Rici scdi post conq Angt nono Ego Wittms de Walworth Miles & Civis London in bono statu & sana memoa condo testih meu sive ultima voluntate meam quoad mobilia mea in hunc modum In p'mis lego aiam meam Deo oipotenti & glose virgini hte Marie sco Mich et oihib3 sctis & corpus meum ad sepelliend in capella hte Marie virginis in ecclia sci MicKis in le Croked lane London ad cornu altar' ante hostiii boriale p quod itr in cimi?iu diet eccie Itm lego p'ori et coventui ordinis Cartus juxa Smythfeld London in auxiliu sus- tentacois eordih p aia mea aia Johis Lovekyn quondam magri mei aiab3 pris et inris mei & oim fideliu defunctor1 c. li. monete Itm lego eisdm unu magnu libru vocatu Vitas prm Itm j psalEiu glosatu Itm Hugucofh meam que est in custodia diet p'or Itm libru vocatu V?itas theologie Itm lego rectori dee ecclie sci MicKis p decimis meis oblit. vl no solut x.li. Itm lego ad ordinand et emend div1? neccaia p. coi utlitate capellhor' I novo collegio p me fundat comoranf lx.s. Itm lego cuilt capeftor' in diet colleg cdmorant' vjs et viijd Itm lego cuitt alior1 capel- lanor1 in diet ecclia a£inue celebant p quar?iu anni ante obitum meu quinqj s. Itm lego magro clico diet ecclie sci Micfiis vj s. viijd. Itm lego subclico diet ecclie xl.d Itm lego opi diet ecclie c. s. Itm lego ad sustentacoem luminis see KaPine & sci Nichi in diet ecclia p manus executor' meor' vl diet rector' c. s. Itm lego vie' sci Egidii de Caiflweft p decimis oblit xx.s. Itm lego clico diet ecclie xl.d. Itm lego opi diet ecclie xiij . s. iiij .&. Itm lego opi ecclie de Lambhithexx.s. Itm lego clico ecclie deNeutoii ij.s. Itm lego opi diet [ecclie] x.s. Itm lego rectori ecclie de Fulhamxx.s. et vie' ejusdih ecclie xx.s. Itm lego opi dee ecclie xl.s. Itm lego WILL OF SIR WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. 139 cuilt ordini quatuor ordinii Frm Medicant' in London ut orent p aia mea & aiab3 p'dict. as. Itm lego fab Ffib3 de Cruce Lon don simili modo xx.s. Itm lego cuilt anachorite London & juxa xij .3. Itm lego cuilt hospitli London ad dist'buend in? paupes et languent in eisdm p manus exec meor' xx.s. Itm lego ad dis t'buend p man9 exec meor' mi p'sonar' de Newgate & del Mareschall sexaginta s. Itm lego cuilt capello ejusdih frnitat1 capellor' in London de quor' fraEnitate egomet sum frater ut heant aiam meam in missis & oraconib3 suis recomendat & ut veniant ad exequias meas in sepulfa mea ij.s. Itm lego xx.li. ad faciend p exec meos infra iij dies post obitu meu celebrare tot missas p aia mea aia Johannis Lovekyn & aiabus p>dict quot comode fieri poPunt Itm lego ad distribuend pauperibus die sepulture mee & die memorie mee ad finem p'mi mens post obitum meum xx li Itm lego fratri Thome Asschebourne ad orandum p aia mea as. Itm lego priori & conventui Fratrum August London librum vocatum Lira in duobus volunib3 hnd eisdfh & successorib3 suis in coi libatura sua imppetuum Itm lego fratri Rohto Whithemede simili modo xl s. Itm lego fratri Petro Wykes eodm modo xx s. Itm lego fri Johanni Parys simili modo xl s. Itm lego ad vitrand unam fenestram in ecclia conventuali frm Carmelit' London x marc' Itm lego ecclie sancti Pauli London sexaginta solid & fhistris & 3vientib5 chori ejusd ecclie Deo ibm continue §vient

dict scdih posse suu Itm lego eidffi Thome xij disc', xij. salsar. duo charg'ia & duas pelves cii lavator argent Itm lego eidm Thome vj pec plat cu duob3 cooptor et xij coclear argent Itm lego eidfii fri meo unu libru De- cretor1 unu libru Decretaliu .j. libru vocatu Sextu cu glosa unu rosar unu speculu judiciale unu libru Hostiens in suma .ij. libr Hostiens in lectur unu pvu volume .j. Digestuvetus unu Digests novu. unu Codex .j. Inforsiatu et unu libru vocatu Compilaco sup codicem et institut sub ista condicoe qd post decessu suu omes libros p>dict faciat distribui in elemosinis p aia mea & aiabj supadict vl valore eordih vidett Centum libr ad min9 vl si con- tingat alique vl aliquos de consang'neis firis scolatizar in legib3 et indigeat vl indigeant de libr p>dict vl pceil eordih qd tunc idm fr me9 illos deliberet tli vl tlib3 de consang'neis hris secund qd s' videbitr expediens p_ aia mea Itm lego cuilt de quinq, filiabj Cecilie sororis mee defuncte in auxiliu maritagii sui xx. Ii. Itm lego Agnet alEi sorori mee uxi Wiiimi Atte Lee .x.li. Itm lego Wilimo filio eor'd Willi et Agnet x.li. Itm lego Matild filie eor'dm dece ihrc in auxiliu maritagii sui Itm lego Juliane filie eor'dfh x marc et Thoc filio eor'dm as. Itm lego Petro Salford consang'neo meo xx. marc & .j. bonu equu ac ec remitto sibi omia debita que michi debet aliquo modo Itm lego KaEine niri ejusdih Petri as. Itm Johane filie diet KaPine .v. marc Itm Margie alteri [filie] dee KaPine in auxiliu maritagii sui x marc Itm lego Nigillo filio ejusdih KaPine as. Itm lego Johne uxi JoKis Olif sorori Margar uxis mee as Itm lego Wilimo filio eor'dm filiolo meo as. Itm lego Alic filie eor'dm comoran mecu in auxi liu maritagii sui xx.li. Itm lego Wilimo Askham et Rohto Mersk app>ntic meis cuilt eordm xl.li. & .j. doleum visidis Itm lego Johanni Blakale Svient meo .v. marc et Thome Cook et Thome Bad cuilt eor xl.s. Itm lego Johanni Derbi garcoi meo de coquina xx.s. Itm lego Johane & Agnet Svient meis cuilt eor' as. Itm lego Ade Bailli Svienti meo xl.s. Itm lego Gilbto Atte Chapell et JoKi Wroth 'sVient meis apud Walworth cuilt eor' duas marc et cuilt alior1 §vient meor1 ibm exist tempe mort mee x.s. Itm lego Ivoni de Fulham quinq, marc & una robam mea WILL OF SIR WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. 141 cu toto apatu Itm lego Jofti Whitheved nup apptaticio meo & Matild uxi ejus cuilt eor1 as. Itm Joni Sewale deCoggeshale xx.li. Itm lego Wiilmo PecK de Cranebrok x.li. Itm lego Rico de Wermyngtoh capello meo x.li. Itm Robto de Sprotborgh clico as. Itm lego Margaf Pminos oim appnticior1 meor1 ad disponend scdih volun*5 sua. Itm lego ad remuritand tam apj?ntic meis qam aliis Svientib3 cuilt eor1 juxa sui deirtita scdih dispoem prilict Marg uxis mee ulta id quod supius legavi xl.li. Itm lego rev1 pri dno epo Wyntoh ut subeat onus execucois testi mei tam mobi- liu qam Tmobiliu xl.li. Itm lego magro et scolarib3 colleg dei epi ad Oxon et successorib3 suis una Bibliam .j. lib"1 vocatum Ronale divinor'cu .j. Legenda scoif et unu libru vocat1 Eple Pauli bene glosatu Itm lego Wilimo Rikell ut subeat id onus cu aliis exec meis x.li. Itm lego Wilimo filio ejusd filiolo meo as. Resi- duu fo oim bonor1 meor' mobliu tam debitor qam oim alior1 u'cuq, existeh post debit mea ac debit diet Joftis Lovekyn quondam magri mei si que fu?int tam p testm suu qam alio modo debit p'us solut et post huj9 testi mei complecoem lego prilict Marg uxi mee ut ipa ea ordinet et disponat p aia mea aia diet Johis Lovekyn ac p aia sua cu ab hac luce egressa fiiiit put sibi me lius placu?it et videbif expedir1 Huj9 aute testi mei meos ordino et constituo exec diet Epm Marg uxem meam Willm Rykeft et Ricm Warmyngton capellanu quib3 v°. exec et eor' cuilt do et concedo plena & geh?ale p'tate3 mea orhia debita boa & catall mea que michi tempe mortis mee videbunf petend levand & recipiend In cujus rei testiom huic testo meo sigillu apposui Dat xx° die Decern!) anno supadict Itm lego p'ori & coventui eccie Xp'i Cant in incopensacom reddituu meor1 no solut si qui sint xl.li. Tenor' phcium nos Thomas Baketoh &C1 notu facimus unifs qd xxiiij'0 die mens Decembr anno Dni Milhno cccm0 lxxxvt0 In p'ncipali cania Kitacois bo. me. dni Willmi Walworth milit1 du vix' in proch sci MicK in le Croked-lane Lond situat1 pfat1 rev1 pris jur'diccois immediat1 testih ipius dni Willmi Walworth milit' p>dict' defuncti nonulla bona tempe mortis sue in div*? dioc' Cant1 pvinc1 notof obtinent1 pntib3 annex ,p eo qd id de funct9 &c' gtiner1 pbavim9 et insinuavim9 &C1 Adihistracoem q, bonor1 dem testm conc^eh u'cuq, inf" dcam ^vinc' existenciu Margaf uxi ejusdih et Rico Wermyngtoh capeil exec' supius noiat1 comisim9 & comittim9 in fora jur1 pstito p'mit9 ab eisdih &c' ReSvat' diet1 rev' pri &C1 In cuj9 rei &c' L 142 STATE PAPERS AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. I. JAMES OF DOUGLAS, WARDEN OF THE MARCHES, TO KING RICHARD THE SECOND. A truce with Scotland was concluded on the 7th July 1384, which was ratified by Richard the Second at Westminster on the 26th of that month. It was to endure until the first of October following, and James Douglas Lord of Dalkeith, ancestor of the Earls of Morton, was one of the Commissioners by whom it was arranged.1 Notwithstanding that proceeding, it appears that the Scots entered and burnt the town of Berwick-on-Tweed, and Richard accord ingly complained to Douglas of the infraction of the treaty. The following letter contains his reply, which was dated at Edinburgh on the 26th July, the day the truce was ratified in England, in which he defends the act by saying that the English had previously commenced hostilities by destroying some Scottish ships, and committing other aggressions. He denies that he had broken his oath, and says it would have been fairer if his accuser had sent him the charge than to have made it to Richard in his absence ; adding, that it ill became so great a monarch to encourage " liars." He excellent and rycht mychty prynce likit to zour henes to wyte me half resavit zour honorabile Ires to me sende be a refend fadir be Abbot of Calkow contenand bat it is well knawin bat trewis war tane & sworne o late betwix he rewmys of Ingland & Scotlande & for b' yhu mervalis gretly b' my men be my wille & assent/ has byrnde be touii of Berwike & in oyi 8tayne places wythin be rewme of Inglande in brekyng fully fe saide trewis in my defaute & nathing in zhouf & als agay my oth made in streynthing of be same trewis of be qwhilke yhe desire rather bat amendf war made ban any mar harme war done barfor/ Requirande me to do yhou to wyte qwheyn I will gere refourme he sayde attemptatz/ or qwhat my full will be to do o fat maP/ Anente be qwhilkys hee and excellent prynce qwhar yhe say yhu iirvalys gretly b' my men be my will & assent/ has brenede be toun of Berwike be qwhilk is wythin Scotlande & oyi places in Inglande in brekyng fully of be sayde trewis. I midland b' giff yhour hee Excellenc war clerly enfourmyte of be brennyng slachter & takyng of p'soner & Scottf schippis f is done be yhour men to Scottys men wthin be saide trewis i difs places of Scotlande befor be brynnyng of Berwike/ }e qwhilk skathis our lege lorde he Kyng and his liegf has pacient- 1 Fcedera, vii. 434. ORIGINAL LETTERS. 143 lye tholyte in be kepyng of be saide trewis & chargit me til aske & ger be askyte be my deputz redress barof/ be qwhilk my deputf has askyte at dayis of marche & nane has gotyne/ me think o resonne yhe sulde erar put blame & punicoun to be doarys of be saide trespas done agay be trewis in swilke man? & callys bai rather brekarf of be trew1 ban me b* has tholyte sa mikylle injur so lang & nane amende gottyn/ bot it is like bat be gret attemptatz b* yhour men dois agay be trewis is well concelyte fra yhour audience/ for I suppos & yhe wist it/ yhe wold of zhour he worschipe ger it be refourmyte & redressit/ as he cause requiryt// for lang befor be brying of Berwike yhour men com wthin our lorde be Kyngf awin pper lande of Arane & He MalascK & til his castell of Brathwike & brynt his chapelle & o)>? difse placf of bat lande & toke & rawnsounde he capitain of be sayde castelle & slow his sone & heryde al b* bai mycht our take/ and alswa bai had takyne befor bat tym 8tayne Scottf schippis chargit wtb marchandf & be marchandf bar of in be contrer of be sayde trewis. of be qwhilk repacioun & redress has bene askyte before be brenyng of Berwike & nane gottyne// And qwbar zhe say b' Berwike b4 standf in Scot lande be qwhilke toun yhe call yhouris in yhour sayde Ires & Stayne landf of yhouris wythin Inglande was brende be my men be my will & my assent/ brekand be trewis in my defaute & nocht in yhouris & in be contrar of my athe/ barto I answer in bis man?, b' qwhat tyme it bike to our lege lorde be Kyng & to yhour hee Excellenc to ordane redress to be made be his Cofhissaris & yhouris of all attemptatz done of ayther syde/ I sail wth be help of Gode make it well kennyt b' I haff trewly kepit my athe & be trewis as afferys to me of resoun/ And qwha ef enfourmyt yhour Excellence b' I hade brokyn my athe it had bene fayrar for him to haffe sende me b' querell in to wyrt undir his selle & til haff tane answere greable as afferit to him und*? my seelle agayne/ ban sua untrewly in my absence till enfourme yhour Excellence, for I trayst he has saide mar in my absence ban he dar avow in my p^sens/ for nocht displece yhour honour/ learys sulde be lytille alowit wyth ony sic worschipfull Kyng as zhe ar And qwhar zhe say in yhour sayde Ires bat zhe desir rather amende of attemptatz done agay be trewis ban ony mar harme war done barfor/ to bl I answer in bis man? b4 qwhen yhour saide Ires come to me oure lorde be Kyng was passit in be northe ptis of Scotlande. & I with al gudly haste sende l i> 144 STATE PAPERS yhour Ires til him of f e qwhilke at f e makyng of yir letters I hade none answer Nef f e laft qwhen I hade unu"?standyne yhour Ires I gert cry in dif se placf f e trewis to be kepit/ traystand fat it suld be sua done on f e tof"? pte/ eftyr f e qwhilk crye yhour men of Inglande has rydyne in Scotlande wyth gret company like in fere of were & has heryde Lawadyrdalle Tevydalle & apart of Etryke forest/ f e qwhilke at f e makyng of yir letPis was tholyt & nocht don f arfor. And so giffe f e trewis sail stande it lyes to yhour heenes to se for chastying of trespas- souris & for amendf of attemptatz done &. fat be tym. and qwhat yhe vochesaff of zhour heenes to do twychand fe for- sayde maPis zhe wolde Stify me be zour letP wyth al gudly hast. Hee almychty prynce f e Haly Gast zow haff in his zheinsall ef mar Wyrtyn at Eddynburgft und? my seele f e xxvj day of Julij. Jamis of Douglas Wardane of f e Marche. To oure excellent & amychty Prynce Kyng of Ingland. [Cott. MS. Vespas. F. vn. fo. 17. b.J II. PETITION OF THOMAS HASELEY TO KING HENRY THE SIXTH. This article scarcely requires any illustration. It is a petition to King Henry the Sixth from Thomas Haseley, praying for a reward of services rendered to his Majesty's father in recapturing Thomas Payn, one of Sir John Oldcastle, Lord Cobham's principal confederates, and to the King himself, by seizing con traband goods and arresting suspected persons. The petition was probably pre sented in the 16 Hen. VI. in the Patent Roll of which year a grant occurs to Thomas Haseley of forty marks annually for his life from the duties on cloths at Bristol,* notwithstanding previous grants of £10. yearly from the Hanaper, and 6d. a-day from the proceeds of the counties of Oxford and Berkshire. The chief fact worthy of attention is that relating to the King of Scotland, then a prisoner at Windsor, whom, it appears, the Lollards intended to release and restore to his kingdom. * Rex omnibus ad quos &c. salutem. Sciatis quod nos considerantes diutina grata & laudabilia obsequia quae dilectus serviens noster Thomas Haseley unus Clericorum Coronae Cancellariae nostrae carissimis dominis Avo & Patri nostra regibus defunctis & nobis a diu est diversiraode & multipliciter impendit & nobis impendet infuturum, ac in satisfactionem quinquaginta librarum eidem Thorns per prsedictum Patrem nostrum coucessarum & omnium denariorum & expensarum quas idem Thomas ex causis pramissisdepraefatis Avo & Pane nostra ac nobis suis exigentibus meritis habere deberet, de gratia nostra speciali concessimus eidem Thomae quadraginta marcas percipiendas singulis annis du rante vita sua de subsidio & ulnagio pannorum venalium in villa de Bristoll & suburbiis ejusdem & de medietate forisfacturae eorundem pannorum venalium per manus firmariorum appruatomm receptomm vel occupatorum eorundem AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 145 Besecheth and ful humbly preieth youre pof re 'sViteur Thomas Haseley on of f e Clerkes of youre Corone, gaciously to considere howe he in the absence of that victorieux prince youre blessed fader, whom God assoile, hym beyng in his sharp werris and gacious conquest of Fraunce and Normandie, youre seide Svitour be the comaundemt of youre most gacieux uncle the due of Bedford, on whom God have iffcy, that tyme regent of f is youre noble Roialme, and advys of alle the grete counseill here, a coinission was assigned to take and areste Thomas Payn of Gla morganshire, Wallshman, that brak f e Tour of London, nowe beyng in Neugate, sutyme clerk' and chief conseillour to Sr John Oldecastell, traitour atteint to your seid gacious fader, the whiche Thomas Payn as traitour was in the feld armed ageins your seid fader with fe Lollardes beside Seint James next Charyng- crosse, and eschaped unhurt or taken til your seid besecher ac companied atte his cost and alle maner expenses [with] notable poiar be the space of v daies and vi nyghtes lay for hym in the most secrete wyse that f ei coude, and so with help and gace of Almyghty God youre seid Sviteur toke hym and arested hym atte mydnyght in a place beside your Castell of Wyndesore, where atte that tyme was fe Kyng of Scottes kept as prisoner to your seid fader, and that same nyght this seid traitour shulde have broken the seid castell be treson, and goen with f e seid Kyng toward Scotland, in proef whereof I founde in f e traitour's purs a cedule wreten of alle places of giftes and loggynges ap pointed for- hem fro Wyndesore unto Edynbourgh in Scotland, and so he confessed. The whiche traitour and cedule I delyf ed to f e bisshop of Duresme thanne chaunceller, and William Kyn- pro tempore existentium ad terminos Paschae & Sancti Michaelis per equales portiones : eo quod idem Thomas decern libras annuatim durante vita sua de exitibus Hanaperij Cancellariae nostra; & sex denarios per diem percipiendos pro termino vitae suae de exitibus comitatuum Oxon. & Berk, perceperit non obstante. In cujus &c. Teste Rege apud Westm. primo die Marcij. Per breve de private sigillo. Pat. 16 Hen. VI. p. 2. m. 12. The following memorandum and extract relate to the same individual. Thomas Haseley, the King's Clerk, to have a corrody in the Abbey of Abbingdon, 20th Feb. Claus. 2 Hen. VI. m. 10 dors. Rex omnibus ad quos &c. salutem. Sciatis quod constituimus Thomam Haseley Collectorem duorum denariorum de quolibet nobili posito in escam - bium per peregrinos & alios qui versus Curiam Romanam, Terram Sanctam, & alia loca sancta causa peregrinationis vel aliis de causis profecturi sunt, &, nobis de dictis denariis ad Scaccarium nostrum fideliter respondeat annuatim qnam- diu dictum officium occupaverit, percipiendum in officio illo prout inter The- saurarium Angliae et prafatum Thomam rationabiliter poterit concordari. In cujus, &c. Teste Rege apud Westm. xxv die Julij. Per billam Thesaurarii. Pat. 11 H. VI. p. 2. m. 17. 146 STATE PAPERS wolmerssh thanne tresorer of fis your seide noble roialme, and f e seid traitour yanne was her comytted to prison til f e comyng ageyn of your seid most gacious fader into fis roialme from your seid duchie of Normandie : and f anne in his nexte parlement here in f e counseil chambre of f e seid parlement afore your seid right wys fader and alle his lordes prient fere f e seid traitour was brought and f e cedule aforeseid, and your seid suppliant in that p>sence examined of alle matiers abovesaid and othre cir- cumstaunces and incident^, and f e maner of takyng of hym, atte whiche tyme your seide moste noble fader declared and seide afore all his lordes, that takyng plesid hym more fanne 1 hadde geten or gyven him x.ml1' for f e grete inconveniences that weren like to falle in his longe absence oute of fis roialme, and so cofnitted this traitour to f e Tour of London fere saufly to be kept, and fanne immediatly of his owne roiale largesse and bounteuous gace withouten axing of your seid suppliant or eny man for hym, gaunted to hym xl1' a yere to take Prme of his lif in what place in Inglond of hys that I wold, savyng his oune demesne landes and f e duchie of Lancastre, and comaunded fe seid Regent, Chaunceler and Tresorer gif your seid suppliant were, not sped afore his departyng oute of Inglond to spede hym in his absence in recompense of his costes, expenses, trewe diligentz, acquitaiil and labour aforeseid, afore whiche spede youre seide fader was dede and so his gaunt void. Itm to considere howe your seid suppliant be f e comaunde- ment and ordinance of your seid fader at his first parlement holden atte Leycestre was sent fore to Leycestre to appere afore your seid blessed fader, where he of his owne mocion appointed, assigned and ordeigned the seide suppliant scde clerk of his parlement with Sr John Frank 1 nowe clerk of youre rolles that tyme chosen chief clerk of f e parlement fat hadde and toke xl1' 1 The following documents afford some information about this person, and more will be found on the Rolls of Parliament. Rex omnibus ad quos &c. salutem. Sciatis quod nos de fidelitate & cir- cumspectione provida dilecti clerici nostri Johannis Frank' plenius confi- dentes constituimus ipsum Johannem Custodem Rotulorum Cancellariae nostra; cum omnibus ad officium illud spectantibus percipiendum in officio illofeoda& proficua consueta quamdiu nobis placuerit. In cujus &c. T. R. apud Westm. xxviij die Octobris. Per breve de privato sigillo. — Pat. 2 H. VI. p. 1. m. 34. Rex Thesaurario & Baronibus suis de Scaccario ac Camerariis suis salu tem. Cum vicesimo octavo die Octobris anno regni nostri secundo de fideli tate & circumspectione provida dilecti clerici nostri Johannis Frank plenius confidentes per literas nostras patentes constituerimus ipsum Johannem Custo dem Rotulorum Cancellariae nostra- & Domus Conversorum London, habendum cum vadiis & feodis ea de causa debitis & consuetis prout in Uteris predictis plenius continetur, vobis vos prafati Thesaurarie & Barones mandamus quod AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 147 yerely f*?fore while he occupied, and youre seide suppliant shuld hadde xu yerely as other men toke afore hym, the whiche office he occupied fro fat tyme into youre fredde parlament hens holden atte Westmynstre, at whiche he myght not be for grete sikenesse and so departed and nef e come in f e parlement sithe that tyme and nef e hadde peny of alle his tyme of f e seide x1' ne of f e seide xlh ne non othre regard in no mari?e wyse. Itm howe youre seide suppliant in the tenthe yeere of youre roialme aspied and toke in youre ryver of Thamise tweye shippes fretted with wolle cloth and othre iSchaundise to a nota ble value, and weren seiled and departed and no custume ne othre devoirs to you sov?ain lord f*?of due paied, Wherefore alle was forfarted, and be f e seid suppliant to his grete perell and labour taken, and to you answerid, as it appereth of record in youre Escheker, f e whiche coste the seide suppliant more thanne xx1'. Wherof he sholde have had half after the forme of statuyt, and hadde no thyng. Item howe youre seide suppliant this same yeer of youre regne hath taken and arested difse men empesched of high treson ymagined ageyns youre psone and mageste roiale and destruccion of youre land and lawes, the whiche he sent be youre roiale comandement to youre p>sence be your squyer Gilbert Parre, the whiche were taken alle atte his cost and many othre grete f inges doon to your highnesse and plesirs whiche were to longe to exprsse here and nowe is aboute moo. The whiche thynges be youre seid highnesse conteined plese it to youre most benigne and abondant gace to considere the longe and continuel 's'vice don be the seide suppliant to youre gaunde fader and fader kynges of Inglond, and to you sov?aign lord as it is afore expressed, and f e grete age of youre seid sup pliant, and in recompense of alle his costages expenses and labours and diligences aforesaid, of youre seid gace gaunten to cum prafato Custode sive ejus in hac parte attornato pro vadiis & feodis tam ipsius custodis quam duorum capellanorum & unius clerici dictae domui deser- viencium necnon pro vadiis Henrici Stratford Martini filii Henrici Wodestoke & Johannae conversae & Alicia; Alias ejusdem Johannae ac Johannis Durdraught conversorum domus praedictae proiit ante hec tempora computari solebat compu- tetis & eidem Custodi talia vadia & feoda pro ipso custode capellanis clerico & conversis praedictis qualia hujusmodi custodi pro tempore existenti pro vadiis &feodis hujusmodi ad Scaccarium praedictum ante haec tempora allocata fuerunt allocetis ac prafato Custodi id quod ei per hujusmodi compotum a vicesimo octavo die Octobris anno regni nostri nono eodem die computato usque vicesi- mum octavum diem Octobris ultimo praeteritum aretro fore inveneritis & deberi vos prasfati Thesaurarie & Camerarii de thesauro nostra solvatis. Teste prafato Custode [Humfrido duce Gloucestrie Custode Anglie] apud Westm. primo die Novembris. Claus. 10 Hen. VI. m. 21 . 148 STATE PAPERS youre seide suppliant an annuitee Pme of his lif in mariie and forme conteined in the cedule to fis bill annexed, and youre writtes liberate and allocate crrant and dormant for allowance of payement of the same withoute payement of eny fee for he seales of the same writtes. Ista billa concessa fuit g dhm Regem & tadita Cancellar ad exequend. [Cott- MS- cleoP- F- IV- fo> 109-J III. LIST OF THE NEW YEAR'S GIFTS PRESENTED BY KING HENRY THE SIXTH IN 1437. The custom of the Sovereign presenting and receiving New Year's gifts, is so well known, and so many lists are extant, that the only motive for printing another is to supply additional information about the jewellery and plate used in the middle of the fifteenth century. Besides articles of that description, a gipsier or purse is noticed, the use of which is thus described by Chaucer when speaking ofthe Frankelein : " An anelace and gipciere all of silk ' Hung at his girdel, white as morwe milk." The most curious fact mentioned in this article refers, however, to a very different subject. It appears, that at the feast of All-Hallows, the first of November 1436, Henry the Sixth changed the title of Anjou King of Arms to Lancaster, and presented to the said Herald, as well as to a person who was (hen created a Pursuivant of Arms by the title of" Collar," a silver bell each, but for what purpose it is difficult to imagine. Queen Katherine, mentioned as having received a New Year's gift at Ber- mondsey, was the widow of Henry the Fifth : she died three days afterwards. Queen Jane, who was then at Langley, was the widow of Henry the Fourth, and died in July in the same year. Like it to the Kynge oure souf ain lord to gaunte youre gra cious Ires under youre signet directe to the keper of youre p've seel chargyng hym to make a warrant under the prive seel di rect unto John Merston keper of youre jewelhf by the vertue of which tres your said suppliant may be dyscharged ayenst you, youre heres and executors as for ye deliveraunce of certeyn jewellf the which was appointed by youre gracious comaunde- mt to delif cteyn persones as folow for youre yiftes on newyeris day last passed the yer of youre regne xvt0 Fyrste, delivered by youre graciouse comaundefnt and ap- pointeiht to send to Quene KaPine for her yerisgifte on Newyeris day, she beyng at Bermondesey, j tabulett of golde with a cruci- fixe garnized with saph and pi weyng aboute xiiij une of gold, and was bought of John Patteslee goldesmy th for the some of xl1' Item, delifd by youre said comaundeiht to send to Quene AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 149 Jane for her yerisgyfte, she beyng at Langeley, on that same day, a tabulett of gold garnized with iiij bat viij pi and in ye myddes a gret saph of entaille weyng vj une j qrfn di, the which tabulett some tyme was yove the Kynge by my lady of Gloucestre. Item, delifd by youre said comaundemt to send to the Cardinall of Englonde for his yerisgyfte, that same day, he beyng at Essher in Surr shire, a tabulet of gold with an ymage of oure Lady on that on partye and garnized with iij rub and vj pi, and on that other partie a ymage the face of camew and the body of an emeraude weyng x une, the which tabulet some tyme was yove the Kynge by Quene KaPine. Item, delifd by youre said comaundemt to my lord of Glou cestre, that same day, he beyng at Grenewich, a tabulet of gold with an ymage of oure Lady hangyng by thre cheynes garnized with vj counPfaitz in mane1? of diamand vj saph clxiiij pi weyng xvj une j qrfn, the which tabulet some tyme was yove the Kynge by the erle of Warrewyke. Item, delifd by youre said comaundemt to send that same day to my lady of Gloucestre a nouche maad in mane? of a man garnized with a fayre gret bat v. gret pi j gret diamand pointed with thre hangers garnized with rub and pi, bought of Remonde goldesmyth for the some of xl'1. Item, delifd by youre said comaundemt to send to my lord of Warrewik that same day, he beyng in Wales, j saler of gold and of jaspis beyng upon a grene carage enameilled with egles and ij antilopes holding up the staffe of the said saler gar nized with vj rub vj emeraudes and xxxiij gret pi and a saph upon the topett' weyng vj une di qrfn and half a . . . of golde, the which was some tyme yove the Kynge by sire Robrt Rolleston youre warderober. Item, delif d by your said comaundemt to send to my lady of Stafford the moder, on that same day, a tabulet of gold maad with ij levys and with ynne an ymage of the Salutacon of oure Lady garnized with roses maad with rougeclere and with xl pi hangyng by a cheyne weyng vij une j qrfn, the which tabu let some tyme was yove the Kynge by the bysshop of Norwych. Item, delifd by your said comaundemt on that same day to the bysshop of Norwych, beyng with the Kynge at Estham, j rounde tabulet of gold garnized with xij garnades and xxiiij pi hangyng by a cheyne weyng v uric j qrfn, the which tabulet some tyme was yove the Kyng by the abbot of Westmynster. Item, delifd by your said comaundemt and appointeiht to 150 STATE PAPERS take to youre chamb'ileyn on that said day, j gipsier of velvet russet garnized with silver and gylt, that was bought of Re- monde goldesmyth for the some of a cs. Item, delifd by your said comaundemt to maister Richard Peaty dene of youre chapell, fat same day, a litell tabulet of gold maad in mahie of a boke and enameilled withynne on that oon side with an ymage of the Trinite and on that other side with an ymage of oure Lady and her Son garnized withoute with iiij garnades iiij saph and xxiiij pi weyng j une di qrfn, f e which tabulet was yove the Kynge by my lady Butiller. Item, delifd by youre said comaundemt to Robt Rolles- ton youre warderober, that same day, j peyre of bedys of calcidoyne garnized with golde, the which was some tyme yove the Kynge by my lord of Gloucestre, the which was toke from the kepyng of John Penycoke yoman of youre robes, the which conteyne xij gaudes and thre litell. Item, delifd by your saide comaundemt, the erles of Warrewyke and Stafford and your chambleyn beyng p>sent at that same tyme, that is to say on Allehalowenday laste, at Merton, whanne ye wer crouned,* ye yaf to an heraude kynge of armes afore that tyme called Aungoye and thanne at that fest his name chaunged by yow and called Lancastre, j belle of sylver weyng xvj une and an other belle of sylver at that tyme delif ed to oon that was made pursevant and thanne called Coler the which weyed viij une. W. Phelyp, Chaumblein. [Cott. MS. Cleop. F. iv. fo. 103. (Orig.)] IV. GRANT OF £20. FOUND IN A PARSONAGE, TO THE INCUMBENT, IN CONSIDERATION OF PART OF THE BUILDINGS HAVING BEEN BLOWN DOWN IN A STORM. The following article affords evidence that the right of the Crown to Treasure- trove was claimed with respect to so small a sum as 20/. even when accidentally found in a parsonage-house. The document by which it was granted to the incumbent shews how vigilantly the interests of the King were watched, and bow minutely the Crown was informed of the particulars attending tlie discovery. Henri by the grace of God kyng of Englande and of Fraunce and lorde of Irlande. to the worshipfull fadre in God the Bisshop of Bath oure chaunceller gretyng. It hath bene shewed unto us by supplicacon pnted unto us by Thomas Wassaill pson of Noenstoke in Hampshire, howe that aboute Michelmesse last passed hie fell grete multitude of rattes into a chambre within * i. c. wearing the crown. AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 151 his said psonage hie as his malt was housed in which chambre one of f e servantes of f e said Thomas in serching after f e said rattes fonde sodenly iiij nobles aboute Aft halowen day that last was and upo f e morowe fond more/ Whereupon his said servant serched f e hous and fond what in holes aud amongf the rafteres .xx.li. in light gold how and in what wyse it come f iere f e saide Thomas knoweth not as he saith. And for as muche as not longagoe by tempest of wynde.v. houses of fe said gsonage were casten downe unto his grete hurt and hinderyng as he saith. We f"?for' of oure grace espiale have yeven & granted unto f e said Thomas f e said xx.li. so founde/ as is abovesaide/ f e which by owre prerogative pteneth unto us. Wherefore we worl and charge you that hereupon ye do make oure Ires patentes undre oure grete seal in due forme. Yeven undre oure prive seal at Westifi f e xx. day of March, f e yere of oure regne xxe. Frank.1 Pro Thoma Wassaiil. R. omib3 ad quos &c saltm Sciatis qd cum nos p quan- dam supplicacoem Thome Wassaiil psone ecclie de Noenstoke in com! Sutfrt nob exhibit' intellexim9 qd qualiP cita festum Sci Micfiis ultimo p'Pitum qam magna congeries ratonu cuidam caifle in qua idem Thomas brasiu suu posifiat infra rectoria p>dcam accedissent & in qua unus Sviens p>dci Thome scrutando £) ratonibj p>dcis viginti & sex solidos & octo denarios cita fes tum Oim Scoif ,gx pPit subito inveniebat quappp idem §viens in crastino domu pdcam scrutabaf & inveniebat tam in fora- minib3 qam in aliis locis juxta trabes viginti libras de auro et qualiP & quo modo Mant ibi penitus ignorant ut dicit Ac p eo qct infra bfe spaciu jam p>Pitu quinq, domos rectorie p>dce nup p fortes & grandes ventoif rabies invalestantes pstrate fuerunt in ipius Thome magnu detriments & adnichilacoem manifestam Nos igif de gra nra spali dedim9 & concessira9 eidem Thome dcas viginti libras ibidem sic inventas ut supadcm est ex dono nro hend que nob rone p'rogative nre gtinerent In cujus &c T. R. apud Westifi xxij die Marcii. Per bre de privato sigillo & de dat &c Memorand qd istud bre libatu fuit dno Cancellar xxij die Marcij a" subscript exequend. 1 Thomas Frank, one of the Clerks of the Privy Council, to whom the King granted for life, 20 Feb. 1438, the Alien Priory of Begger in Yorkshire, of which his father William Frank of Richmond, and himself, had beeu lessees of Johanna late Queen of England, who held it for life as part of her dowry. Pat. p. 2.16 II. VI. m. 5. 152 ISSUE OF KATHERINE DE ROELT, WIFE OF SIR HUGH SWYNFORD, AND AFTERWARDS OF JOHN OF GAUNT DUKE OF LANCASTER. LETTERS PATENT OF KING HENRY THE FOURTH CERTIFY ING THE LEGITIMACY OF SIR THOMAS SWYNFORD; WITH NOTICES OF THE SWYNFORD FAMILY. Every one is aware that John of Gaunt, " time-honoured Lancaster," formed an illicit connection with Katherine, the widow of Sir Hugh Swynford, and daughter and coheiress of Sir Payne Roelt, Knight, a native of Hainault, and Guienne King of Arms, and that he subsequently married her. This lady had been governess of the Duke's daughters by his first wife, when his attachment to her, perhaps, commenced. In March 1 377, Lady Swyn ford obtained a confirmation from Edward the Third of a grant from the Duke of Lancaster, of the manors of Gryngelley and Wheteley for life.* On the 27th December, 3 Ric. II. 1379, the Duke granted her the wardship of the heir of Bertram de Sanneby, " pour le bone et greable service quelle nostre treschier et bien amee Dame Katherine Swynford, Maistresse de noz tresames filles Philipe et Elizabeth de Lancastre, ad fait a nos dittes filles;" and in Sep tember, 5 Ric. II. 1381, he gave her an annuity of two hundred marks, payable out of his honor of Tickhill.2 The Duke's second wife Constance, daughter and heiress of Peter, King of Castile and Leon, died in 1394 ; and two years afterwards, namely, on the 13th January 1396, being then about the age of fifty- four, he married Lady Swynford at Lincoln, to the great displeasure of the Duchess of Gloucester and other ladies of the blood royal.3 As Lady Swynford was then upwards of forty, aud had been the Duke's mistress above twenty years, it may be inferred, that gratitude and conscientious motives were his only inducements for making her his wife. The Duke of Lancaster had by her, be fore his marriage, four children, who were surnamed Beaufort, from being born in Beaufort Castle in France : namely, John, who became Earl and Mar quess of Somerset; Henry, Bishop of Winchester and Cardinal of England; Thomas, Duke of Exeter ;* and Joan, who married Ralph Neville, Earl of West moreland. All these children obtained letters of legitimation from Richard the Second, in February 1 397, which was preceded by a similar act by the Pope. The King's patent for the purpose was read in the Parliament then sitting at Westminster ; ' and the proceeding was ratified and confirmed by its authority. On the same occasion, Sir John Beaufort was created Earl of Somerset to hold to him and the heirs male of his body.6 The patent of legitimation of King Richard was exemplified and confirmed by Henry the Fourth, on the 10th February 1407, at the request of the Earl of Somerset, whom his Majesty styles in the instrument " our dear brother."7 1 Foedera, vii. 140. 2 Sandford's Genealogical History, ed. 1707, p. 253. 3 Ibid, and Dugdale's Baronage, ii. 119. * He was buried at Bury St. Edmund's, and on the 20th of February 1772, his corpse being accidentally discovered, the coffin was sold as old lead, and his remains shamefully exposed. ' Rot. Pari. iii. p. 343". 6 Rot. Pari. iii. p. 343. 7 Sandford's Genealogical History, p. 323. ISSUE OF KATHERINE SWYNFORD. 153 It has been generally considered that the instrument by which the Beauforts were legitimated contains a special exception with respect to the Royal dignity ; but a very remarkable fact has been recently discovered on the subject. The patent, as originally granted, contains no such reservation, nor was it introduced into the copy which was entered on the Rolls of Parliament when it received the sanction of the legislature ; but when Henry the Fourth exemplified and confirmed the grant of Richard to the Earl of Somerset in 1407, the words, " Excepta dignitate regali ," appear to have been added to the enrolment of the grant on the patent Rolls, for those words occur on it as an interlineation, and from the difference in the colour ofthe ink, are presumed to have been inserted at a subsequent period, though the hand is very nearly the same. In the exemplifi cation by Henry the Fourth in 1407, the words are inserted ; and the following explanation of the circumstance is probably not far from the truth. Henry the Fourth was the son of John of Gaunt, and finding that the grant to his father's children by Katherine Swynford might authorize them to assert a claim to the throne, on the failure of his own issue, as representatives of the line of Lan caster, probably thought it prudent to prevent such an occurrence by assuming a power which would now be held illegal, of adding a reservation to the grant of his predecessor, and obliging one of the grantees to receive a confirmation of that grant with the exception introduced into it, as if it had formed part of the original document. It escaped Henry, however, that the grant had become an act of Parliament, and that even if he had the right, of his own authority, to qualify a former grant, he could not interpolate a statute ; so that in a legal view the addition to the patent of the 20 Ric. II. on the patent Rolls is of no effect. From this singular fact it may be concluded, that as the issue of John of Gaunt were recognized by Parliament as being legitimate, and as being capable of possessing all honours, dignities, pre-eminences, &c. without any reservation whatever, Henry the Seventh was, as he described himself, the lineal heir of John of Gaunt, and the representative of the House of Lancaster. If however, as is not impossible, though tbe dates render it improbable, John Beaufort, the eldest son of John of Gaunt by Katherine Swynford, was born before Henry the Fourth, the King's motive for introducing this exception into the patent is still more obvious, because without such a reservation a question might have arisen whether Beaufort, as the eldest son, had not by that instru ment a prior right to the crown to Henry himself, supposing any legal claim to the throne could have been derived from John of Gaunt, whilst descendants of his elder brothers existed. The following is a translation of the patent by whieh the issue ' of John of Gaunt and Katherine Swynford were legitimated. " Be it remembered, that on Tuesday the fifteenth day of Parliament, the Chancellor, by the King's command, declared how our Holy Father the Pope had, in reverence of the most excellent person of the King, and of his honorable uncle the Duke of Guyenne and of Lancaster, and of his blood, enabled \habliez~\ and legitimatized Sir John de Beauford, his brothers and his sister, and that therefore our Lord the King as entire Sovereign \entier Emperor\ of his Realm of England, for the honour of his blood, wills, and hath of his full royal power enabled and of his own proper authority made the said John, his said brothers and sister, muliers,* and also pronounced and published the * A mau hath a son by a woman before marriage, which is a bastard and unlawful; and after he marries the mother of the bastard, and they have an- 154 ISSUE OF JOHN OF GAUNT ability \l'aUlile~\ and legitimatization according to the form of the King's charter thereof made The which charter was read in full Parliament and delivered to the said Duke, father of the said John, and his said brothers and sister, the tenor of which charter ensueth. Richard by the grace of God, King of Eng land and France, and Lord of Ireland, to our most dear cousins the noble men, John the Knight, Henry the Clerk, Thomas < Domicello, » and to our beloved the noble woman Joan Beauford ' Domicelle, i the most dear rela tives of our uncle the noble John Duke of Lancaster, born our lieges, greeting, and the favour of our royal majesty. Whilst internally considering how in cessantly and with what honours we are graced by the very useful and sincere affection of our aforesaid uncle, and by the wisdom of his counsel, we think it proper and fit that, for the sake of his merits, and in contemplation of his fa vors, we should enrich you (who are endowed by nature with great probity and honesty of life and behaviour, and are begotten of royal blood, and by the divine gift are adorned with many virtues,) with the strength of our royal pre rogative of favour and grace. Hence it is, that, yielding to the entreaties of our said uncle your father, we do, in the fullness of our royal power and by the assent of Parliament, by the tenor of these presents empower you, who as it is asserted suffer from the want of birthright, (notwithstanding such defect, which, and the qualities thereof, we take to be in these presents sufficiently ex pressed) to be raised, promoted, elected, assume, and be admitted to all honours, dignities, [except to the royal dignity] 2 pre-eminencies, estates, degrees and offices public and private whatsoever, as well perpetual as temporal, and feodal and noble, by whatsoever names they may be designated, whether they be Duchies, Principalities, Earldoms, Baronies or other fees, and whether they depend or are holden of us mediately or immediately, and to receive, retain, bear, and exercise the same as freely and lawfully as if ye were born in lawful matrimony, and you and every of you do restore and legitimatize : any sta tutes or customs of our realm of England to the contrary thereof made or ob served (which we consider to be herein fully expressed) in anywise notwith standing. Witnessed by the King at Westminster the 9th day of February." 3 John of Gaunt died in February 1399, and by his will gave to his " most dear wife Katherine" his two best nouches, excepting the one he had giveu to the King, his large gold cup which the Earl of Wilts gave the King, and which his Majesty bestowed on the Duke when he last went into Guienne, with all the buckles, rings, diamonds, rubies, and other things that would be found in a little box of cypress wood of which he himself carried the key, as well as whatever might be found in the purse which he wore himself; together with his vestment of cloth of gold, the bed and appurtenances, with all the copes, tapettes, cushions, ' closet oreillers,' &c. which he bought of the Duchess of Norfolk; his large bed of black velvet embroidered with a circle of fetterlocks and garters, all the other son, this second son is called mulier, and is lawful, and shall be heir to his father. You shall always find them with this addition when compared, ' Bastard eigne et Mulier puisne.' Blount's Glossary, Coke's Institutes, 243, &c. 1 See a long note in Blount's Glossary on these words as used in this charter. He denies the definition given of it by Coke, that it meant ' a young soldier not yet knighted, or nobly born,' 4 Inst. f. 37, and contends, that it is an obsolete Latin word anciently applied to the King of France's natural sons, and some times to the eldest sons of noblemen there. It would appear however to be the appellation of persons of birth who wure attached to the royal household or the establishments of individuals of high rank. "Domicelle" was constantly used to describe the ladies in waiting on the Queen or royal family. See the Ward-' robe Accounts of the 28th Edward Land various other records. 2 Interlined in the copy on the Patent Rolls, 20 Ric. II. p. 2. m. 6. 3 Rot. Pari. 20 Ric. II. No. 28. vol. iii. p. 343. The date in italics does not occur on the Rolls of Parliament. BY KATHERINE SWYNFORD. 155 beds made for his body, called in England ' trussing beds ;' " mon meillour cerf ov le bonne rubie, & mon meillour coler ovecq' touts les diamandes ensemble," and other articles, and all the goods and chattels which were hers before her mar riage with him, together witli all the jewels, &c. which he had given her since.1 The Duchess Katherine survived the Duke only four years, dying on the 10th of May 1403, and was buried in the Cathedral of Lincoln.2 Great labour has been bestowed on the history and descent of the children of Katherine Swynford by the Duke of Lancaster ; but of her issue by her first husband, or of his pedigree, nothing has been hitherto collected. The follow ing document and other notices will throw some light on the subject ; and as the Swynfords, besides being closely connected with the blood-royal, were, accord ing to the poet's biographers, though the fact is very questionable, nearly allied to Chaucer, this article may be deemed to possess more interest than is generally found in genealogical statements. Sir Payne Roelt, a Knight of Hainault, and Guienne King of Arms, had, it is said, two daughters and coheirs, Philippa and Katherine. No particu lars of his pedigree have been discovered : his arms, in allusion to his name, were Gules, three Katherine wheels Or. Philippa, his eldest daughter, is stated to have been the maid of honour to Philippa Queen of Edward the Third who by the name of " Philippa Pycard" obtained a grant of one hundred shillings per annum on the 20th January 1370, and married Geoffrey Chaucer, to whom, in consequence, it is supposed, of this connexion, the Duke of Lancaster granted the Castle of Dodington. Of John of Gaunt's connexion with Chaucer, however, no proof has been found ; and the circumstance of the lady assigned to him for his wife being styled " Philippa Pycard," instead of Roelt, renders the assertion, that she was the sister of the Duchess of Lancaster, extremely doubtful. Katherine, the second daughter, was born about the year 1350, and married Sir Hugh Swynford, Knight, in or shortly before 1367, by whom (who died abroad in the 46 Edw. III. 1372,) she had one son, Thomas Swynford, who was a child only four years old at his father's death.3 It is highly probable that she was then in Guienne with her husband ; and that she gladly accepted the offer of taking charge of the Duke of Lancaster's daughters, who were at that time under ten years of age. The precise period when the guilty connexion commenced between her and the Duke cannot be ascertained, because the ages of their children can only be inferred. As however John, their eldest son, was a Knight in 1391, and Henry, their second son, was made Bishop of Lin coln in 1397, the former must have been born at least as early as 1375, which proves that the connexion quickly followed, even if it did'" not precede, the 1 Royal Wills. 2 " The escotcheons of this Katherine and the Duke of Lancaster are inlaid in brass on her tomb in the Cathedral Church of Lincoln : that above her head, on the right side, being charged with the arms of England, with a label Ermine ; the other, on the left, contains the arms aforesaid impaling those of this Katherine, which were Gules, three Katherine wheels Or." — Sandford's Genealogical History. The inscription is — " Icy gist Dame Katerine Duchesse de Lancastre, jadys feme de la tres noble et tres gracious Prince John, Duk de Lancastre, fitz a tres noble Roy Edward le tierce, La quelle Katerine morust le x jour de May l'an du grace M. cccc. tierz, de quelle alme Dieu eyt merci et pite. Amen."— Dugd. Bar. ii. 119. 3 Esch. 46 E. III. No. 54. 156 FAMILY OF SWYNFORD. decease of her husband. If it could be established that the Earl of Somerset was not born until the year following the decease of his mother's first husband the reproach which Richard the Third used against his descendant the Earl of Richmond, afterwards Henry the Seventh, that the Earl of Somerset was " son unto Dame Kateryne Swynford, and of her in double advoutrow goten," i would be ill founded. The family of Swynford were ancient and respectable, and seem to have been originally seated in Huntingdonshire, in which county a William Swyn ford died seized ofthe manor of Stivekley in the 50 Hen. III. 1266.2 In the 30th, 33rd, and 34th Edw. I. a Sir John Swynford represented Hun tingdonshire in Parliament,3 and was probably the person who is included among the Knights Bannerets of that county in the Roll of Arms of the reign of Edward the Second, when he bore " Argent, three boars' heads Gules." The branch of the family from which Sir Hugh Swynford descended, was seated in Lincolnshire before the reign of Edward the Second ; though in the same Roll of Arms a Sir Thomas Swynford of Hunts is stated to have borne the arms of his branch, namely, "Argent, on a chevron Sable three boars' heads Or;'' a dis tinction perhaps from the other family of the same name, both coats being derived from their name Swynetord.. Although several persons, women as well as men, called Swyneford, died seized of lands in the counties of Hun tingdon, Lincoln, and Northampton, between 5 Edw. III. and 46 Edw. III. the pedigree of Sir Hugh cannot be connected with them,* and records only admit of its being commenced with 1 Ellis' Original Letters, Second Series, i. 164. and Paston Letters, vol. ii. p. 319. 2 Escheat 50 Hen. III. 3 Parliamentary Writs, vol. i. 855. * As so little is known ofthe Swynford family, it may be useful to insert such particulars, not introduced into the text, as have been brought to light on this occasion. Thomas Swynford died in the 5 Edw. II. seized of the manors of Knayth and Nocton in Lincolnshire, leaving by Margaret his wife, who died in the 15 Edw. III. John, his son and heir, who was thirty years old in 1341. — Escheats 5 Edw. II. No. 45, and 15 Edw. III. No. 38. John de Swynford, who died in 6 Edw. III. seized of Stivekle Magna and Broughton, co. Hunts, and some lands in Essex, leaving his son John, four years old, (Escheat 6 Edw. III. No. 23,) was, according to Morant's History of Essex, the son of a John de Swyneford, and held the manor of Little Chishale in Essex in the 12 Edw. II. John de Swynford died seized of Nocton and Donston, co. Lincoln, in the 17 Edw. III. leaving Margaret his daughter, at. 24.— Esch. 17 Edw. III. No. 11. Margaret de Swynford, wife of Thomas Fitz Eustace, died seized of Magna Stivekle and other lands, co. Hunts, in the 23 Edw. III. leaving her kinsman William Swynford her heir, who, by Eleanor his wife, had issue, Thomas, then set. 1, Isabel, and Elizabeth. — Esch. 23 Edw. III. No. 5. Sir John Swynford, Knight, died in the 44 Edw. III. seized of Sprotton Hal- denby and the Manor of Newbottlegrave, co. Northampton, leaving by Alice his wife, Elizabeth, his daughter and heir, ast. 1 3, and wife of Sir Thomas Broughton, Knt— Esch. 46 Edw. III. No. 57. By deed dated at London on Thursday next after the Feast of St Leonard, 31 Edw. III. John Warrender and Henry Calle citizens and clothiers of Lon don, executors of the will " Ric'i de Swynford dudum Civis et Lanarij" of the same city, late executor of the will of Edmund de Saunford citizen and clothier of London, sell to Walter de Kent Clerk and another, (by authority of FAMILY OF SWYNFORD. 157 Sir Thomas Swynford, Knight, who bore " Argent, on a chevron Sable three boars' heads Or," ' and who died seized of lands in Colbye and the manor of Ketelthorp in Lincolnshire in the 35 Edw. III. 1361, leaving his son2 and heir. Sir Hugh Swynford, twenty-one years of age. He received letters of protection, being in the retinue of John Duke of Lancaster in Gascony, on the 2nd February, 40 Edw. III. 1366 ;3 and died beyond the seas in the 46 Edw. III. 1372, being seized of the manors of Coleby and Ketelthorp, with other lands in Lincolnshire, leaving by Katherine Roelt, afterwards Duchess of Lancaster, his son and heir, Thomas de Swynford, then four years old.* He made proof of his age in the 18 Ric. II. 1394-5 ;s but if he was four years old in 1372, he must have attained his majority about 1389. There is reason to believe that he formed part of the suite of his father-in-law, the Duke of Lancaster, who styled him in his will, dated 3rd February 1397, " mon tres chere bacheliere," and bequeathed him one hundred marks. In 1404 he was employed on an embassy in France ; and several letters from him and his colleague, Nicholas de Rysshe- ton, to the French commissioners and to King Henry the Fourth, dated at Calais in September and October 1404, relative to the negotiation, are preserved. 6 By the death of his mother, some lands in Hainault devolved upon him ; but in consequence of doubts being entertained of his legitimacy, he found diffi culty in obtaining possession of them. To obviate this objection, Heury the Fourth, in October 1411, addressed a letter to his subjects to the following purport : — " The King to all and singular the faithful in Christ, to whom these present letters shall come, greeting, and to these presents be given un- the said Edward's will) certain houses in Powrtes lane in the Parish of St. Dun- stan near the Tower of London. Thomas Pauncefote, who was living towards the end of the reign of Edward the Fourth, married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Swynford. — Vincent's MS. in the College of Arms, No. 56. Sir John Swynford married Joan, daughter and heir of Sir Thomas Arden, and had by her a daughter, who married William Abberbury, early in the reign of Henrythe Sixth. — MS. marked F. 1. in the College of Arms; but in Baker's History of Northamptonshire Sir John Swynford of Spratton jure uocoris, who was Alice daughter and heir of Thomas Arden of Hanwell co. Oxon, and of Spratton, died in 46 Edward III. leaving Elizabeth his daughter and heir wife of William Alderbury, who was seized of Spratton in 48 Edward III. Sir William Tyrrell, in the reign of Edward the Third, married Joan, daughter [and coheir, Wotton's Baronetage, vol. ii. p. 453] of Sir William Swynford of Essex. Their grandson, Sir John Tyrrell, was Treasurer of the Household to Henry the Sixth. — Philpot's MS. marked A in the College of Arms. The arms there assigned to Swynford are those borne by Sir Norman de Swynford, namely, with the difference of a cinquefoil in the upper quarter. 1 Roll of Arms, temp. Edw. II. 2 It is very probable that he had a brother called Norman, for a Sir Norman Swynford, Knight, who bore the same arms differenced by a cinquefoil in the canton, and was in the retinue of the Prince of Wales in Gascony in Feb ruary, 30 Edw. III. 1356, died in the 42 Edw. III. seized of lands in Braunce- well, and ofthe manor of Lee in Lincolnshire, leaving by Margaret, sister and heir of John de Trehampton and widow of Sir John de Braose, a son, John Swynford, set. 23. — Roll of Arms, temp. Edw. III. Fcedera, v. 844; and Escheat 42 Edw. III. No. 50. 3 Fcedera, N. E. iii. 812. * Calend. Inquis. post Mortem. 5 Escheat 46 Edw. III. No. 54. 6 Cotton MS. Galba B. 1. Nos. 36, 37, 38, 39, 48, 52, 54. M 158 LEGITIMACY OF doubted faith. We believe it to be a pious deed and acceptable to God, and it is meet for the royal dignity, to cause to be enlightened by the testimony of truth those minds which are obscured by the darkness of doubt. Hence it is that divers inheritances in the country of Hainault having lately descended to our beloved and trusty Knight, Sir Thomas Swynford, from the most renowned lady Katherine de Roelt, deceased, late Duchess of Lan caster, his mother, certain persons of those parts doubting that the said Thomas, son and heir of the aforesaid Katherine, was begotten in lawful matrimony, have not, by reason of such doubt, permitted the same Thomas to possess the aforesaid inheritances, or to receive the farms, rents, or issues thereof. Where fore be it known unto you all, that the aforesaid Thomas is the son and heir of the aforesaid Katherine, begotten and bom of the same Katherine in lawful wedlock, and that a certain writing of the said Thomas to these our present letters annexed, sealed with the seal of arms of the said Thomas, is his deed, and that he and his father and all his paternal ancestors have in all times past borne the said arms and used the like seal. And this we do by these presents make known unto all whom it may concern. In witness of all and singular which premises, we have caused these our letters to be made patent. Given in our Palace of Westminster, under the testimony of our great seal, on the fifth day of October." The deed with the arms is not enrolled ; but in a miscellaneous collection of extracts from the Patent Rolls, made many years since, the following arms are sketched in the margin :• — " Argent, on a chevron Sable three boars' heads couped Or ;" which agree with the arms assigned to Sir Hugh Swynford, the father of Sir Thomas. The suspicion of his legitimacy may have arisen from his mother losing her reputation when she became the mistress of John of Gaunt, and from the idea that he was the Duke's child. Nothing more has been discovered of Sir Thomas Swynford, excepting that the Duke of Exeter, his half-brother, bequeathed him, by the appellation of " my brother," a silver-gilt cup, and that he died in the 11 Hen. VI. 1432-3,1 having alienated his lands in Lincolnshire, as the inquisition on his death finds that he held nothing in that county. He appears to have had issue two sons, Thomas and William. Of William, all that is known is, that his half- uncle, Cardinal Beaufort, by a codicil to his will, dated in 1447, in which he called him " William Swynford my nephew," left him 400/. with a certain quantity of silver vessels. Sir Thomas Swynford, the eldest son, was twenty-six years of age, and a knight at his father's decease.2 He seems to have been the Thomas Swynford who was one ofthe esquires to his uncle Thomas Duke of Exeter, to whom that nobleman by his will, dated in December 1426, bequeathed fifty marks, at which time he was just twenty years old. He died before the 5 Edw. IV. 1465, and was probably tbe father of Thomas Swynford, who in that year made proof of his age,3 and obtained livery of lands in Lincolnshire. Pro Thoma Swynford milite. R. unif sis & singulis Xpi fidelib3 ad quos psentes Ire pve- ri?int saltm. & fidem indubiam p>sentib3 adhibend. Pium cre- dimus & Deo fore gatum ac regie convenit dignitati mentes » Esch. 11 H.VI. No. 4. 2 Ibid. 3 Calend, Inquis. post Mortem, vol. i SIR THOMAS SWYNFORD. 159 dubii tenebris obscuratas veritatis testi monio fafie coruscare hinc est qd nup descensis div'sis hereditatib3 dilco & fideli militi nro Thome Swynford in partibus de Henaud ex parte inclitissime dne KaSine de Roelt nug Ducisse Lancastre matris -{Mei Thome defuncte quidam eaiidem parcium dubitantes p>dcm Thomam fil & heredem pfate Ka?ine in legitimo- matrimonio pcreatum fuisse eundem Thomam hereditates pPdcas occone hujusmodi dubii hucusqj here aut firmas redditus sive obven- ciones eaifdem gcige adiu non fuerunt pmissi. Quaprop? scire valeat unifsitas vra qd p>dcus Thomas fit & heres pfate Kaftne existit et de ipa Ka?ina in legitimo matrimonio pcreatus & natus fuit ac quoddam script um ipius Thome prientib3 Iris nris annexum sigillo armoif ipius Thome signatum est fem ej usdem Thome qdq^ ipe & pa? ejus et oihes antecessores sui ex parte dei pris sui arma p>dca totis temporib3 retroactis portaverunt et sigillo huj9 usi fuerunt. Et hoc oihib3 quo2f in?est innotesci- mus p p>sentes In quoi} oim & singuloif testimonium has Iras hras fieri fecim9 patentes Dat in palacio nro Westm sub magni sigilli nri testimonio quinto die Octobr. Per bre de privato sigillo. Rot. Pat. 13 H. 4. p. 1. m. 35. VERSES DESCRIBING THE STATE OF POLITICAL PARTIES IN ENGLAND ABOUT THE YEAR 1449. The ambition of William de la Pole, Earl, Marquess, and Duke of Suffolk, who for a few years possessed almost absolute power, produced the following verses, which are valuable from the allusions they contain to various persons of rank and influence, each of whom is described by his badge. It is manifest that they were written after April 1447, as Cardinal Beaufort, who died in that month, is spoken of as having " his velvet hat closed." Over the notice of each ofthe badges the name of the individual is added in a contemporary hand, so that there is no difficulty in ascertaining who is alluded to. The writer begins by noticing the deaths of the Dukes of Bedford, Gloucester, Exeter, and Somerset, and of Cardinal Beaufort, and dates the commencement of the troubles in England from the capture of Rouen in 1417. He then says that the Duke of Norfolk was " laid to sleep,'' probably meaning that he had been bribed by Suffolk, who, he adds, " envied" him, for in 1444 he obtained a confirmation of the title of Duke of Norfolk, and about the time when these verses were written, went on a pilgrimage to Rome. M 2 160 VERSES ON THE STATE OF The gallant Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, who, with reference to his name and badge, is called " our good dog," was perhaps " bounden" by the grant of the Earldom of Waterford and other honours, in July 1446. By Lord Fau- conberg having " lost his angle hook," his capture by the French when sent Ambassador to treat for peace, may be adverted to. Lord Willoughby de Eresby seems to be accused of indolence ; and by the bear being " bound that was so wild," because " he had lost his ragged staff," allusion was intended to Richard Nevill the King-maker, who was created Earl of Warwick in 1449, which creation may have been considered by the writer as satisfying his wishes ; and thus, to use his metaphor, the bear was deprived of his staff. The Duke of Buckingham's " wheel" became spokeless from his having taken offence at Suffolk's dismissal of his brothers the Chancellor and Treasurer, and from his having induced the King to receive the Duke of York with kindness* Thomas Daniel, John Norreys, and John Trevilian, though only Esquires of the King's body, are particularly mentioned, especially Trevilian, who is said '' often to have blinded the King;" and that they were of sufficient conse quence to account for the introduction of their names, may be inferred from Trevilian and Daniel being among the individuals whom the Commons in 1451 prayed to be removed from the King's presence for life, " for mysbehaving aboute your roiall persone."f The Earl of Arundel having, it is said, refused to support Suffolk's power, became popular in Sussex and Kent. Bourchier and another person, who is described as " the wine bottle," possibly the Earl of Oxford, one of whose badges was a long-necked silver bottle, with a blue lace or cord, and the Prior of St. John's, are represented as having united with the Bishop of Exeter. The Earl of Devonshire is stated to have retired into his own county, instead of assisting " with shield and spear," the attempt which was then meditated to overthrow the obnoxious minister ; whilst the Duke of York's anxiety and irresolution are admirably described as resembling his cognizance, a Falcon, flying about uncertain where to build her nest. Independent of the value of these verses in an historical point of view, they are deserving of attention from the notices they contain of the badges of various personages in the reign of Henry the Sixth ; and as in this and other instances,! individuals were described by their cognizances, such information is useful as well as interesting. The fate of the Duke of Suffolk was commemorated in a poem which is printed by Ritson, and more recently by Mr. Sharon Turner. Suffolk is there designated as Jac Napes, and his friends Daniel and Trevilian, who are men tioned in these verses, are thus alluded to : — " Who but Danyel, ' qui lasarum' shall syng For Jack Nape soul, ' placebo et dirige.' " " ' Libera me' syngeth Trevilian." * Sharon Turner's History of England, iii. p. 69. f Rot. Pari. v. 216. | See some curious sarcastic verses written by an adherent of the House of Lancaster, in 1399, printed in the Archceologia, vol. xxi. p. 89. POLITICAL PARTIES. 161 Bedford' Gloucett' The Rote is ded. * The Swanne is goon 2 Excett* The fiery Cressett hath lost his lyght 3 Therefore Inglond may make gret mone Were not the helpe of Godde Almyght Roon The Castell is wonne where care begown' 4 Som'set The Portecolys is leyde a down s Cardinall' I closid we have our' velvette Hatte ° That ker'yd us from mony stormys brewn' Northfolke The White Ron is leyde to slepe ' Southfolfc Thoroug the envy of the Ape clogge 8 And he is bownden that our dore shuld kepe That is Talbott our' good dogge. 9 Fawkenberg' The Fissher hath lost his Hangulhook' 10 Gete theym agayn' when it wool be Wylloby Our Myllesaylle will' not abowte u Hit hath so long goen' emptye Warwik' The Ber is bound that was so wild 12 For he hath lost his Ragged Staff 1 John Plantagenet, third son of Henry the Fourth. He was created Duke of Bedford in 1414, was Regent of France and Lord High Constable, and died in 1435. His badge was the Root of a Tree couped and eradicated Or. 5 Humphrey, youngest son of Henry the Fourth, Duke of Gloucester and Earl of Pembroke : he died in 1446. The badge of the Swan was derived from the Bohuns Earls of Hereford, of which family his mother was the daughter and coheiress. 3 John Holland, Duke of Exeter, and Lord High Admiral, who died in 1446. " A Cresset with burning fire," i. e. a fire beacon, is said to have been the badge of the Admiralty, Harleian MS. 304. cited in Willement's Regal Heraldry, p. 34. 4 Rouen was taken in 1417. 1 John Beaufort, Earl and Duke of Somerset, whose badge was a Portcullis, died in 1444. 6 Henry Beaufort, Bishop of Winchester, commonly called " Cardinal of England." He died in April 1447. 7 John Mowbray, third Duke of Norfolk, K.G. He succeeded in 1432, and died in 1461. A White Lion is one of the badges of the house of Mowbray. 8 William de la Pole, Earl and Marquess, and in 1448 Duke of Suffolk, Lord Chancellor, and Lord High Admiral. In Ashmole's MS. No. 1121, this badge is attributed to the Duke of Suffolk, the Clog Argent and the Chain Or. 9 John Lord Talbot and Furnival, created Earl of Shrewsbury in 1442. 10 William Nevill, Lord Fauconberg, jure uxoris. He was created Earl of Kent in 1461, and died in 1463. Among other notices of crests of Knights in the Lansdowne MS. 870, is " Wyllyam Taalconbrydge," probably a mistake for Fauconberg, " the fysshe boke." 11 Robert Lord Willoughby of Eresby, who succeeded to that barony in 1409, and died in 1452. His badge of " the Mill Sail," or rather mill rind, was derived from his ancestors the Beks of Eresby, whose arms were Gules, a mill rind Argent. i2 Richard Neville " the King-maker." Having married Ann the sister and heiress of Henry Beauchamp, Earl of War wick, he was created Earl of Warwick in 1449. 162 VERSES, &c. Bokyngh'm _ The Carte nave is spokeles 1J For the counseill' that he gaff. Danyell' The Lily is both fair' and grene « Norreys .. The Coundite rennyth not as I wene ,0 Tresilian .. The Cornysshe chawgh offt w* his trayne >" Rex Hath made our Egull blynde 17 The White hart is put oute of mynde la Be cause he wolf not to hem consent Therfor' the Com'yns saith is both trew and kynd Bothe in Southesex and in Kent. Bowser The Wat' Bouge and the Wyne botell' la Prior of Seint Joh'is With the Vetturlocks cheyne ben' fast Excettur The Whete yer' wolf theym susteyn w As long as he may endur and last Devynshir' The Boor is farr' into the west 21 That shold us helpe w' shild and sper' Yorke The Fawkon' fleyth and hath no rest 22 Tille he witte wher' to bigge his nest. From a long narrow parchment Roll marked in the Cata logue ofthe Cottonian Charters n. 23. written apparently about the middle of the fifteenth century. J3 Humphrey, Earl of Stafford, who was created Duke of Buckingham in September 1441, and died in 1459. A Cart-wheel is a well-known badge of Stafford, and is generally represented with flames issuant from the ends. In the stained glass of Nettleshed Church in Kent, it is surrounded by a cord folded in the form of Stafford knots Or. This badge was among those which were sculptured on the Castle of Maxstoke in Warwickshire, by order of Humphrey Stafford Duke of Buckingham. 11 Thomas Daniel, Esquire of the King's body. He appears to have been one of the adherents ofthe Duke of Suffolk; and many notices of him occur on the Rolls of Parliament. 15 Norreys. Probably the John Norreys, Esquire of the King's body, who is often mentioned as a feoffee of the King's lands on the Rolls of Parliament, in the reign of Henry the Sixth, and in that monarch's will. 16 " Tresilian," a mistake for Trevilian. The person alluded to was John Trevilian, Esquire. He was a member of the ancient family of that name in Cornwall, ancestors of the present Baronet, and appears to have used a Cornish Chough as his badge. M " Rex," King Henry the Sixth. 18 William Fitz-Alan, who succeeded to the Earldom of Arundel in 1437, and died in 1 487. The white hart was perhaps an error for the white horse,tle well-known badge of the Fitz Alans Earls of Arundel. ]9 Bowser. Henry Lord Bourchier, and Earl of Ewe in Normandy. He succeeded to that barony in 1435, was created Viscount Bourchier in 1446, and Earl of Essex in 1461. 20 Query Edmund Lacy, who was Bishop of Exeter from 1420 to 1455. 21 Thomas Courtenay, fifth Earl of Devonshire, who succeeded to that dignity in 1422, and died in 1458. 22 Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York, father of King Edward the Fourth. 163 STANDARDS. [Continued from page 63.] Lesle. Blue, A a hart lodged Argent, armed, ducally gorged and chained Or, within a circular wreath white and gold, set round with lilies, some full blown and others in the bud. In the dex ter chief and sinister base corners a lily slipped ; B two lilies slipped ; C four lilies slipped. Motto, En bon heure puisse. Arms — Quarterly, I. and IV. Or, on a chief Azure three lions rampant ofthe field; II. and III. Argent, a fess Sable between three ravens proper; over all an escocheon quarterly : 1. Sable, a lion rampant queue fourchee Or; 2. Or, on a chief [Azure] three lions rampant of the field ; 3. a fess between three ravens as before ; 4. Argent, a bend wavy plain cottised Gules. Maysteb Ichyngham. Gold, A on a wreath Argent and Azure, a demi-dragon Vert with three hawks' lures per fess Azure and Argent, the Azure fretty Argent, the string of the last ; B two, and C four hawks' lures. Arms. — Azure, fretty Argent. Rauff Chamberlain of Kyngston in Cambrigshe. Gold and purple, A an ass's head erased Argent, ducally gorged Or ; B and C nothing. Motto, En acraois sant vostre. Arms — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Or fretty Sable, on a chief of the second three plates; 2. Or, three chevrons Gules, each charged with five fleurs de lis Argent ; 3. Or, ten fleurs de lis Sable, four, three, and three. Geokge Habvy of Therley in Bedford. Gold and red, four stripes. A an ounce passant Sable, spotted, collared, chained, and holding in the fore-paw a trefoil slipped Or ; B and C nothing. Motto, Ne oblira james. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Gules, on a bend Argent, three trefoils slipped Vert; 2. and 3. Sable, a lion rampant Argent, within a bordure gobony Argent and Sable. The Lobh Chambeelayn. White, A a wyvern Vert, holding in the mouth a sinister hand couped Gules, and. three cubit arms habited bendy sinister wavy of five pieces Argent and Azure, and issuant out of a rose Gules, the hand proper grasping an arrow ; B and C one similar arm and hand. Motto, Faire le doy. 164 STANDARDS. The Loed Chamberlayn. White, A a Moorish female's head, three-quarter face, couped at the shoulders, hair dishevelled and ring through the ear, all proper, between, in the dexter chief and sinister base, a rose Gules, and issuant from the midst a cubit arm vested bendy sinister, Argent and Azure, hand Sable grasping an arrow ; B and C, in each the rose and arm as in A. Motto, Faire le doy. Maystee Appellyeed. White, A on a wreath a demi-ibex quarterly Azure and Gules, maned and tufted Or, in his mouth an apple Purpure slipped Vert, with three apples slipped as before ; B and C, in each two apples as the last. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Azure, a chevron Or, between three owls Argent ; 2. and 3. Argent, a lion rampant Azure debruised by two bendlets Gules, a chief Or. Sye John Semee, Knyght. Red, A on a wreath Or and Sable a peacock's head couped at the breast Azure, between two wings erect Or, with four leopards' heads Or ; in B two, and in C three leopards' heads, as in A. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. Gules, two wings conjoined in lure, points in base Or ; 2. Vaire ; 3. Argent, on a bend Gules three leopards' heads Or; 4. Argent, three demi-lions rampant Gules. Sye John Norton, Knyght. Red, A a greyhound's head erased in front of two wings erect, all Or. (Remainder unfinished.) Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Gules, a cross crosslet Ermine ; 2. and 3. Ermine, a cross engrailed Gules. Loed Husse. Gold and green, A a hind lodged and regardant Argent, collared and chained Or ; remainder unfinished. Arms.— Quarterly, 1. and 4. Or, a cross pierced Vert; 2. Ar gent, a bendlet wavy between two plain cottises Sable ; 3. Barry of six Ermine and Gules. (No name) Gules, A a dexter hand couped Argent, grasping a snake Or. Arms — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Argent, on a chief dancette Gules, three ducal coronets Or; 2. and 3. Argent, three castles Gules. STANDARDS. 165 Eyre of Hope in the Conte of Derby, Esquyre. Vert, A an armed leg erect couped at the thigh, per pale Argent and Gules, spur Or. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Argent, on a chevron Sable, three quaterfoils Or ; 2. and 3. Argent, three barnacles Sable. Mayster Gounston. Four stripes Gold and Blue, A on a wreath Or and Azure, a goat's head, ears pendent couped Ermine, cornued Argent. — (Remainder imperfect.) Motto, Auxilium meum a Domino. Arms. — Argent, three bars wavy Sable, each charged with as many plates ; on a chief Gules, an ancient culverine between two anchors Or. Sye Westyn Brown, Knyght. Red, A a lion's jamb erect and erased Argent, winged Sable. (Rest unfinished.) Arms. — Gules, a chevron between three hons jambs erased Argent; on a chief of the last, an eagle displayed Sable, du cally crowned Or. Sye Richaed Wallden de Erethe, Kent. Red, A on a wreath Argent and Azure, an eagle's head Or, holding a wing in the beak Azure^ and two smaller repetitions of the same crest ; B one, and C two similar crests. Motto, To holde I purpose. Arms. — Or, on a bend Gules, cottised Azure, three wings Argent. John Cooke of Gedehall, Essex. Four stripes Gold and Red, A on a wreath Argent and Gules, an unicorn's head Or, winged Azure, and three boars' heads look ing upwards, erased at the neck Sable, eared and tusked Or, also on wreaths Argent and Gules ; B and C one similar boar's head in each. Motto, Bee contented. Arms — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Or, a chevron counter compone Azure and Gules, between three cinquefoils of the second ; 2. and 3. Sable, a fess between three pheons Argent. Robeet Lee de Quarendon. Blue, A on a wreath Argent and Gules an eagle close Or, wings Gules, standing upon and pecking at a falcon's leg Azure, couped Gules ; B and C nothing. Motto, To bee occupied. Arms. — Argent, on a fess Azure between three unicorns' heads erased Sable, as many lilies Or. 166 STANDARDS. John Clarke de Quarendon. A on a wreath Argent and Azure, a bird, wings elevated and expanded Or, holding an ear of corn in the' beak ; B and C nothing. Motto, Bee advised. Arms. — Sable, on a bend Or between three plates, as many. swans Gules. Thomas Tyeell de Gyppyng in Suff. A on a wreath Argent and Gules, a boar's head couped and erect Argent, and issuing from the mouth a peacock's tail. The other charges consist of six repetitions of this charge. Motto, Tout pour le mieulx. Arms. — Argent, two chevrons Azure within a bordure engrail ed Gules ; a martlet Sable for difference. James Framlyngham de Debenh'm, Armyger, Suff. Red, A on a wreath Argent and Gules, a leopard's head gardant erased Or, semee on the neck of hurts, pomeis and tor teaux. (Rest imperfect.) Motto, Pour me aprendre. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and A. Argent, a fess Gules between three Cornish choughs proper ; 2. and 3. Sable, a chevron Ermine between three crescents Argent. Syr William Fynche de Ikylsham, Sussex. Red, A a finch Vert, wings elevated and expanded Or, stand ing on a thistle slipped proper. B and C nothing. Motto, Je responderay. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Argent, a chevron engrailed be tween three griffins passant Sable ; 2. Azure, on a bend cottised Argent, three eagles displayed of the field; 3. Sable, three sea- mews in pale Argent. Syr Res ap Thomas Fytz TJryan. White, A one large and three small representations of a raven Sable, standing on a turf Vert. Two similar ravens in B and C. No Motto. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Argent, a chevron Sable between three ravens proper ; 2. and 3. Argent, on a cross ^able five crescents of the field, in the dexter canton a spear-head Gules. STANDARDS. 167 Syr John Raynsforth. Four stripes Gold and Red, a greyhound of a russet colour current, plain collared Or, and five bucks' heads caboshed Azure. Motto, (written along the upper stripe, and not on the bends,) Passes avant. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Gules, a chevron engrailed between three fleurs de lis Argent ; 2. Gules, six eagles displayed Or, three, two and one ; 3. Or, on a fess Azure three plates. Mayster Frogmorton. Four stripes Red and White, A on a wreath Argent and Gules, an elephant's head couped Sable, ears and tusks Or, between four crescents Gold. B and C two similar crescents each. No Motto. Arms.— Quarterly, 1. Gules, on a chevron Argent three bars gemelles Sable ; 2. Argent, a fess embattled between six cross crosslets fitche Gules ; 3. Sable, a chevron Argent between three crescents Or ; 4. Gules, three birdbolts Argent. Syr Arther Planttagenet, Knyght. Four stripes Blue and Purple, A a lyon passant gardant, the tail passing between the legs and turned up erect Argent, charged on the breast with a bendlet sinister Gules, and three badges of the falcon within an open fetterlock, all Gold, each also surmount ed of a bendlet sinister. B and C, iii each one representation of the badge. Motto, Dieu la volu. Arms — Quarterly, 1. France and England quarterly ; 2. and 3. Or, a cross Gules ; 4. Barry of six, Or and Azure, an inescocheon Argent, on a chief of the first three pallets between two gyrons of the second ; over all a bendlet sinister of the last. Mayster Compton. Gold and Blue, A a dragon's head erased, fore-paws and wings erect Gules, encircled by a ducal coronet Or. No division by bends, and no Motto. Arms. — Sable, a lion passant gardant Or, between three hel mets Argent. M. Rauff Verney of Pendeley in Hertff. White, A a demi-phcenix in flames proper, in the sinister chief corner clouds, and issuant therefrom rays of the sun ; in the dexter chief and sinister base a mullet Or, fimbriated Gules. B two, and C four similar mullets. Motto, Ung tout seul. Arms.— Quarterly, 1. and 4. Azure, on a cross Argent five mul lets Gules, pierced Or ; 2. Azure, two chevrons Or, on a canton 168 STANDARDS. Argent an agnus Dei Gules; 3. Argent, a fess Vert; over all a lion rampant Gules. Syr Wyll'm Pierpoint. Four stripes Purple and White, A a lion passant Sable, grasp ing in the dexter paw a cinquefoil Or, with two wreaths in chief Argent and Gules, and on either a lion's jamb erased Or, grasp ing a cinquefoil as before ; and in B and C a lion's jamb on a wreath as in A. No Motto. Arms Quarterly, 1. and A. Argent, semee of cinquefoils Gules, a lion rampant Sable ; 2. Argent, six annulets Sable, two, two and two ; 3. Azure, three hedgehogs Or. Sant Legyre. Blue, A a griffin passant, wings elevated Or, head, neck, and wings fretty Azure, fore-legs and beak Gules, with three pair of barnacles of the first ; in B and C one pair of barnacles as before. Motto, (none.) Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Azure, a fret Argent and chief Or ; 2. and 3. Argent, two bendlets wavy Sable. Rychard Sacheveeell of Sadyngton in com. Leyc. Red and Gold, A on a wreath Argent and Gules, a goat statant Argent, charged with a crescent Gules, with four hawks' lures stringed Or, per fess Purpure and Azure, the Purpure fretty Or, the Blue charged with a water bouget, on each a hawk Ar gent, bells on his feet and one on the tail Or, one of the said charges resting on the back of the goat ; in B and C one of the said lures and hawks. Motto, Trowthe byndithe me. Arms. — Argent, on a saltire Azure five water bougets Or, a crescent Gules for difference. Humfkey Stafford of Coddrethe in Hartford. White, A issuant from a ducal coronet per pale Or and Gules, a boar's head Sable, armed Or. (Remainder imperfect.) Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Or, a chevron Gules, a canton Er mine ; 2. Azure, a chief Gules, over all a lion rampant Or ; 3. Ermine, a fess Sable between three beehives Or. John Nevyll de Chyte, in Com. Ebor. Red, A on a wreath Argent and Azure, a greyhound's head erased Or, charged with three pellets, gorged with a label of three points Vert ; B and C nothing. Motto, Preignes le et lavras. Arms. — Argent, a saltire Gules, charged with a mullet Or for difference ; over all a label of three points Vert. STANDARDS. 169 Thomas F. Phyllypp ap Blederyke, Wales. Gold, A a lion statant Sable, collared and chained Or, with three magpies proper. B and C, in each a magpie as before. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Or, a lion rampant Sable, armed, lan gued Gules, collared and chained Or ; 2. Azure, three bulls' heads in fess Argent, armed, collared, and chained Or ; 3. Azure, three hawks proper, each having a bell on the tail as well as on the legs Or. Wyll'm Smythe de Elford in Cheshyre. White, A on a wreath Or and Azure, between four griffins' heads Sable, erased Gules, beaked Or, collar Argent charged with four pellets, a demi animal, having the head of a boar with the claws of an eagle per pale Argent and Gules, scaly counter- changed ; B and C one griffin's head. Arms. — Argent, on a fess Vert, between three demi-griffins segreant Sable, beaked and clawed Azure, as many bezants. Robert Barley de Barley, Darbyshyre. Red, A on a wreath Argent and Gules, a demi-stag per pale Or and Argent, armed Gold, charged on the body with three ba- rulets wavy. (Remainder imperfect.) Motto, Tenes la plaine. Arms. — Argent, three bars wavy Sable, a chief per pale Er mine and Gules. Syr Wyll'm Paston de Paston, Norff. Red, A on a wreath Or and Azure, a griffin sejant, wings ele vated Or, in the beak a circular chain of the last, with three like chains ; B one ; C two chains as in A. Motto, (on the first bend only) Si je peuse. Arms. — Quarterly, I. and IV. Quarterly, 1. and 4. Argent, six fleurs de lis Azure, three, two and one, a chief Or ; 2. and 3. Or, on a chevron between three lions' heads erased Gules, as many plates ; II. Azure, a cross Or ; III. Quarterly, 1. Argent, a chevron Sable between three bears' heads couped Azure, muzzled Or ; 2. Er mine, on a chief three lozenges conjoined and fesswise (no colours) ; 3. Sable, a fess between two chevrons Or; 4. Argent, a fess between three crescents Gules. Syr Godefre Folejambe de Walton in com. Darby. Four stripes Red and White, A a catwolfe passant, quarterly, Or and Sable, armed Or, and three human legs couped at the thigh, vested per pale Or and Sable, spurred Or ; B and C, two similar legs in each. Motto, Demoures ferme. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Sable, a bend between six escal lops Or ; 2. Argent, on a bend Azure, four crosses pattee Or ; 3. Argent, a chevron between three escallops Gules. 170 STANDARDS. Rychard Beamont de Whytley incomys Ebor. Gold, A on a wreath Or and Azure, a bull's head erased quar terly Argent and Gules, armed per fess Or and Gules. Motto, Dessus eulx enreusement. Arms. — Gules, a lion rampant within an orle of crescents Argent. Sye Hugh Vaughan de Lytylton. Four stripes Gold and Green, A a griffin passant double-queued Gules fretty Or, and charged between the frets on the, neck, breast, and wings with plates, and holding in the dexter fore-claw a sword erect Argent, pomel and hilt Or ; with three fishes' heads erased and erect Or, each ingullant of a spear's head Argent; B and C, two similar fishes' heads in each. Motto, Couraige avance Thome. Arms. — Quarterly, 1. and 4. Azure, a fess Or between three horses' heads Argent, bridled Gules and erased Or, all within a bordure gobony Argent and Vert ; 2. and 3. Per pale Azure and Purpure, three fishes' heads erased Or, each ingullant of a spear head Argent. Thomas Swynarton de Swynarton in Com. Stafford. Four stripes Gold and Blue, A standing on a mount Vert, covered with daisies, a boar Argent, collar Azure, charged with five bezants, holding in his mouth a pomeis, snout, ears, and hoofs Gules, tusks and bristles Or, between four tufts of daisies Argent; in B two, and in C and D two tufts as before. Motto, Avanturey et marche savant. No Arms. Robert Johns, sone of Syr Hugh Johns ap Morythyg, Armiger pro corpore R. Four stripes Green and Red, A on a wreath Arg. and .... a child's head Argent, crined Or, vested paly indented of four pieces Or and Azure, and round the neck a snake twisted Argent. (Remainder imperfect.) _ Arms- ~ Quarterly, 1. and 4. Gules, a fess Argent charged with a mullet Sable for difference, between three children's heads couped at the shoulders proper, crined Or, and round the neck a snake, nowed Argent, all within a bordure engrailed Or; 2. Argent, on a fess Sable between three cocks Gules, as many lozenges of the first; 3. Azure, a chevron between three chess rooks Or. 171 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY, A.D. 1467. Tournaments are so intimately connected with the romantic asssociations of the days of chivalry, that a minute description of one of the most important that ever occurred, cannot fail to be read with interest. The combat fought in Smithfield between Anthony Rivers Lord Scales, and the Bastard of Burgundy, in the reign of Edward the Fourth, was so memorable, even in an age when meetings of that nature were not unusual, that it has been noticed by all con temporary as well as subsequent chroniclers. Their details are, however, not only meagre and erroneous, but some of them have even assigned a wrong date to the affair. Anthony Wydeville, the English champion on this occasion, was the eldest son of Lord Rivers, by Jaquetta Duchess of Bedford. When about seventeen years old he attended his father to Sandwich, whither he had been sent by Henry VI. (anno 38, 1459) to keep the haven and the great ships anchored there ; but they were surprised by the Earl of Warwick's party at night, taken out of their beds, and carried away prisoners, with their ships, to Calais.1 After returning to England, they appear to have attached themselves to the interests of Edward the Fourth ; and in 1462 Anthony married Elizabeth (widow of Henry Bourchier) only daughter and heiress of Thomas late Lord Scales and Nu- celles;2 and was consequently summoned to Parliament Dec. 22, 2 Edw. IV. as Lord Scales, in right of his wife. On the 27th of May preceding, Lord and Lady Scales had obtained a royal grant of the custody of the forfeited manor of Syche, in consideration of his services.3 Dugdale says that he was employed soon after in the wars in Northumberland, and was present at the siege of Alnwick castle.* Two years after his marriage, the King visited his father's manor of Grafton while hunting ; and privately married his sister, Elizabeth, widow of Sir John Grey/ on the 1st of May,1464 ;6 and she was crowned at Westminster on the 26th of May in the following year. Lord Rivers, having now become the King's father-in-law, was advanced to great honours, being soon after made a Knight of the Garter, appointed Treasurer of the Exchequer 4th of March, and created Earl Rivers on 24 May, 1466. Lord Scales was elected into the same order before the 27th of April, 6 Edw. IV. (1466),7 as he was recorded to be absent on that day. In the same year he obtained a grant, in special tail, of the Isle of Wight, with the castle and lordship of Carisbrooke.8 1 Stowe's Annals, p. 406; Dugdale's Baronage, ii. 231. Biogr. Brit, by Kippis, iii. 359. Will. Wyrcestre, Annales, p. 478. a He was found on the Thames and murdered in 1460 Stowe, p. 409; W. Wyrc. p. 482. 3 Patent cited by Dugdale. * See W. Wyrc. p. 493—5—7. 6 A sketch of the Queen's portrait is engraved in the fifth volume of the Paston Letters, (p. lxxv.) from a window in Thaxted Church, Essex. 6 Sandford, Fabian, Hall. r Dugdale says, in the 5th of Edw. IV. See Anstis's preface to the second volume of the Register of the Garter. The record of the Chapter in which he was elected is lost. He succeeded the Duke of Milan in the eighth stall on the sovereign's side.— Anstis, ii. 183. 8 Patent cited by Dugdale. 172 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES It was a short time before his sister's coronation that the singular adventure happened, with which the ancient narrative of this tournament begins. On Wednesday in Easter week, being the 17th of April 1465, in the fifth year of Edw. IV. Anthony Lord Scales was at high mass, probably in the chapel ofthe Palace at Richmond, then called Shene, on his return from which he was sur rounded by the ladies ofthe court, who placed a gold collar on his thigh, with a flower of souvenance, made of jewellery, which he immediately understood was to be the prize of some chivalrous exploit. He was then about twenty-four years of age, and in high esteem as a most accomplished nobleman. Delighted with the idea of this enterprise, on the next day he wrote a long letter from the palace to the Count de la Roche, commonly called the Bastard of Burgundy, chal lenging or requesting him to perform a feat of arms in October following. On Friday, in the presence-chamber, the King gave permission to Lord Scales to accomplish the enterprise, and to send Chester Herald with the message to the Bastard ; which was attested by the High Constable under his seal, at London, on the following Monday. Chester began his voyage without delay, and entered Brussels on the 30th of April, where he executed his com mission ; and after having been entertained in the most honourable manner, took his leave on the 10th of May, bearing with him a letter to Lord Scales. On Thursday, the 23rd day of the same month, he arrived at Greenwich, and made his report to the King in person. Thus far the preliminary events are related in the English MSS. A later MS. written in the time of Henry VIIL has not only preserved the above-named documents in the original French, but also two interesting letters of Lord Scales. One is an acknowledgement of the Bastard's letter, and is dated from London on the day on which Chester made his report, the 23rd of May : the other was written on the 13th of November, and in it Lord Scales complains that he had passed the appointed month of Oc tober in suspense and partial disappointment, yet that the renown of the Bastard's actions in the mean time, was a great comfort to him. The long interval between the return of Chester Herald and the Bastard's arrival in England, is unnoticed in the ancient narrative, though two years and six days intervened.! The person selected by Lord Scales to be his opponent in the tournament was conspicuous in the martial enterprises of Burgundy, and a constant atten dant on his warlike brother Charles. Though a bastard, he was honoured both in his own and in foreign countries; and it was so far from being considered disgraceful to be acknowledged as such, that on the most solemn and the most familiar occasions he is mentioned by this title in all ancient memoirs. " Messire Antoine Bastard de Bourgougne, Comte de la Roche en Ardenne," was chosen a knight of the Golden Fleece, at the Hague, on the 2nd of 1 Oldys, in the Biogr. Britan. (ii. 1230, or the edition by Kippis, iii. 359,) thought the date of the adventure of the flower of souvenance was wrongly given in the MS. as 1465 for 1467 or 1468; judging that the tourna ment was held in the same year; which, but for it being said that Lord Scales had tarried at Greenwich " long and many a day, abiding the coming of the Bastard," and the non-correspondence of the calendar-days with the week-days, was a reasonable conclusion. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 173 May 1456.1 On the 3rd of February 1462, he engaged, with Philip de Crevecuer and Peter Vasps, to fight in lists, as the champions of an oppressed lady ; which feat they performed at Brussels in November the same year. ~ In the following March, the Duke sent him and his bastard brother Bald win, to the Pope, with two thousand men at arms, to fight against the Turks ; but they returned about the end of February 1464, without performing any thing remarkable.3 He seems to have been a very adventurous knight; for it is certain that he had sent " lettres of requestez" to Lord Scales some time before the adventure of the flower of souvenance, from performing which Lord Scales was prevented by the wars and divisions of England. Soon after he had accepted the challenge of Lord Scales, while making preparations with Philip Bouton and Jehan de Chassa, two of his associates, a rebellion broke out at Dinant; to which town he immediately laid siege,* and he was fully occupied with this and other military transactions, for almost two years. This statement shows the error of all our historians, in asserting that the combat occurred in honour of the marriage of the King's sister Margaret, of which the first notice in the Foedera is a. commission to the Earl of Warwick to treat on the subject with the Count Charles, dated on the 22nd of March 1466 ;" whereas the challenge had been accepted by the Bastard almost a year before, and his brother's wife died on Sept. 26, 1465.° Nor was this marriage concluded until several months after the tournament. It has been represented by the chroniclers, that the Bastard had been sent over to negotiate this marriage, and that he fought during his stay here ; and Walpole? says, that Lord Scales was sent to Burgundy for the same purpose : but neither of these assertions can be true, for no record of either is existing; and the ancient narrative declares that Lord Scales and he never saw each other before they met in Fleet Street. Even the year in which the tournament was fought has been differently stated.8 1 ChifHet, Insignia gentilitia Equitum ord. Velleris Aurei. (Antv. 1632, 4°.) n° 54, p. 31. — Ceremonies de l'Ordre, MS. Arund. 21, f. 60. — Jacques du Clercq, (Memoires, Harleian MS. 4476, fo. 212,) says, that he and the Count Charoloys were made knights on the first of May, 1461, which is a mistake. The other authorities declare that Charles was elected in 1433. — The full title of the Bastard is thus given among the witnesses to a charter, in Oliv. Vredii Sigilla et Inscript. Com. Flaudrise, (Brugis, 1639, fol. p. 116.) " Heere Anthuenis Bastaert van Bourgoingnen ; Grave van Biche in Ardenne ; de Grave van Nassau, eerste Camerlinck ; de Heeren van Beveren, van Wal- hain, van Polhain, ende van Wolkestain." 2 This curious case and the articles are contained in the Lansd. MS. 285, fo. 48 — 56b. which have been abstracted in the description, of this MS. in the Catalogue. An account of the fight is given by Duclercq, fo. 241. 3 Duclercq says that they did nothing but go and come, fo. 261. See also Olivier de la Marche, Memoires, (Gant, 1566, 4°) p. 484. * 01.delaMarche,p. 486. " RymeriFcedera,xi.564. 6 Duclercq, fo. 303b- 7 Life of Anthony Earl Rivers, in Park's edition of Walpole's Royal and Noble Authors, i. 210. That article is full of errors. 8 The old English fragment, printed by Hearne at the end of Sprott's Chro nicle, page 295, in which the events of this reign are set down in a very confused manner, places it in the fifth year. Segar mentions it as having been fought in 1440 ; Honour Military and Civil, p. 191. The right year is given in the contemporary chronicles ; as in the Continua tion ofthe " Chronicle of London," printed in 1827 (quarto), from the Cotton. MS. Julius B. I. (7 Ed. IV.) " This yere the Lord Scalis,Sir Anthony Widvile, N 174 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES It is probable that Lord Scales did not obtain a safe-conduct for the Bastard to come into England in the same year as the challenge was accepted ; but he having promised to come " at the second term" (or one year after), if he could not come at the first, a safe-conduct was granted on the 29th of October 1466, for the space of eight months following All-Souls' day, (November 2,) permit ting the Bastard to bring a thousand persons, with shipping and baggage, all which the King would take under his protection.1 Notice being sent to Lord Scales, probably by the bearer of this patent, preparations were made in Eng land ; the splendour of which would perhaps appear in a more striking manner from the accounts of the King's Wardrobe, if extant and accessible, than from any description of the champion and his attendants on the day of battle. With respect to the Burgundians, we are assured by Olivier de la Marche, who has given a gorgeous description of the magnificence of his court and chivalry, that the Bastard kept as much stateliness and triumph as the eldest legitimate son of Burgundy could have done.8 That historian was in England at the time the Bastard arrived, and though he was going on urgent business into Bretagne, he stopped to see the com bat. The account he has left, is rich in interesting particulars, which will be found in the notes to the narrative. He says, the Duke sent Messire Simon de la Lain for his principal conduiseur, and Messire Claude de Toulon- geon, Signeur de la Bastie, Messire Philippe bastard de Braband, Messire Jehan de Montferrant, Gerard de Rossillon, le Seigneur de Tibauille, and many others. The other contemporary historian of Burgundy, Jacques du Clercq, wrote more as a politician and lawyer than as a courtier; and he would rather be silent on the matter, "par ce quil ny ot pas grandz faictes darmes, comme on disoit, car ce nestoient que armes a plaisance, et a la volunte du Roy." He has preserved, however, an account of the Bastard's voyage, which partly explains why he came so numerously attended. The sea was infested with pirates, (escuvieurs,) professedly Spaniards, but really French men, who roved about with intention to intercept the Bastard : but two of their ships, well manned and furnished, were taken, plundered, and sunk by his armament.3 This fact is also mentioned by Monstrelet, though the par ticulars of the tournament were not known to him ; but he seems to have heard a more favourable report than Duclercq, for he says that it was greatly to the Bastard's credit.* The sources from which the memorials of these transactions have been drawn will be now stated. The narrative in old English is transcribed from faught with the Bastard of Burgoyne in Smethfeld." p. 143. Monstrelet says that it was after Easter 1467, but his notice of it is short. The Annals printed by Hearne, under the name of William Wyrcestre, afford more authentic in formation on this transaction than any other English history. 1 " Cum nos nuper agreaverimusetlicentiaverimusquodcerta^rHioraHsyirta infra regnum nostrum Angliae inter dilectum et fidelem nostrum Antonium de Widevile dominum de Scales et de Nucelles, et Antonium Bastardum Burgun- diae Comitem de la Roche, fierent et perimplerentur," etc. — Rymeri Fcedera, xi. 573. 2 Memoires, page 489. 3 " Que on feyt de ceulx de dedens, Je ne scay."— Harl. MS. 4476, fo. 328b. * Monstrelet by Johnes, vol. iv. p. 213-4, (4to.) The editor has copied in a note, the accounts of our old chroniclers, after Dr. Henry. Dugdale did the same in his Baronage, ii. 231-2. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 175 the Lansdowne MS. 285, which was written for the celebrated Sir John Paston, within a very short time after the event; and in the reign of Henry VIIL it came into the possession of Sir Thomas Wriothesley, Garter King of Arms. In the time of its next possessor, Sir Gilbert Dethick, Garter, a great portion of the volume was transcribed into the MS. now marked " L. 5," in the library of the Heralds' College. It afterwards passed into the hands of Sir William Dethick, Garter; Sir Richard Saint-George, Clarenceux; Sir Joseph Jekyll, Master ofthe Rolls;1 and William Oldys, Norroy. The last- named possessor printed a copious analysis of the Narrative in an account of Lord Scales, illustrative of his life of Caxton in the Biographia Britannica. For a more complete account of the MS. the article in the Lansdowne Cata logue may be consulted.2 In the same volume is contained a collection of documents, partly dupli cates of those inserted in the narrative, to which they are also immediately prefixed in the Heralds' transcript.3 As they are contemporary translations from the French original, it has been thought that the juxta-position of these texts would considerably illustrate our language in the fifteenth century. A contemporary copy of the middle part of Lord Scales' letter was first found in French, in one of the Arundel MSS. in the Heralds' College;* and an equally ancient copy of the whole was discovered in the Harleian MS. 48, from which the French text has been taken ; and the letters lost from the worn margin of this copy, have been supplied partly from the Arundel MS. and partly from the Harleian MS. 4632, before mentioned. The writer of the narrative was, probably, Thomas Whiting, Esquire, Chester Herald, who was envoy to Burgundy on this occasion. None but he could have furnished the information which some parts of it contain ; and the presumption is favoured by the fact that he wrote or composed a French account of the funeral of Richard Duke of York, father of Edward the Fourth, with a short poem or epitaph at the end, subscribed " Chestre le H[.'' It is extant in the Harleian MS. 48, before mentioned, fo. 142l>. the whole of which volume is in the handwriting of Whiting. Noble says, on tbe authority of Anstis, that he had been " Nusills or Nusilis pursuivant;" it is therefore very probable that he was advanced from being Nucelles Pursuivant to Lord Scales and Nucelles, to be one ofthe King's heralds. It is recorded that " Nusselle le poursuivaunt" delivered the challenge of Louis de Brutalles to Sire Jehan de Chassa, at Brussels, on the 23rd of June 1466 ;' and as he wore the coat armour of Lord Scales when sent to the Bastard in the following April, his promotion must have taken place subsequent to that time. Little more is known about this person before the reign of Richard III. when the Heralds were incorporated. He bore the title of Chester, was variously employed in the following reign, and was living in 1495. 6 1 While in his possession, it was seen and quoted by Garter Anstis, in his Life of Garter Smert ; Register of the Garter, (1724,) vol. i. p. 460. s Pages 99—102. The narrative consists of Nos. 12 to 37, each chapter being there noticed as a separate article. It occupies ff. 29b — 43. 3 Heralds' MS. L. 5, ff. 87—91—102. In this copy even the verbal errors of the Lansdowne MS. are retained. * MS. 48, fo. 343, art. 90. See the Catalogue of that collection, (1829, 8vo. privately printed,) p. 89. s Lansd. MS. 285, fol. 24. 6 Noble's History ofthe College of Arms, pp. 67, 90. N 2 176 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES The Actes of the full' honorable & knyght'ly Armes doon betwene the right' noble lordes Sir Antony Wodevile, Lorde Scales & of Newselles, brothir to the moost high' & excellent Princesse the Qweene of Englonde & of Fraunce and Lady of Irlonde, Chalenger'; and Sir Anton. the Basterde of Bourg" Erie of Roche and Lorde of Bever & Beveresse, afore the moost Xp'en & victoriouse Prince Edwarde the iiijthe the Kyng of Englond & of Fraunce and Lorde of Irlond the .xj. & xij. daies of Juyne in the .vij. yeere of his reigne, Defender' ; the Erie of Worcestre,, then Grete Conestable of Englond ; in Smythfelde.* * The narrative opens with the challenge given by Lord Scales, omitting the1 introductory passage of his letter to the Bastard. The entire text of the letter is therefore given in French, from the Harleian MS. 4632, f. 88, with another con temporary translation from the Lansdowne MS. 285, f. 18. Censuyt la coppie des l'res de intreprise que monsieur de Scallys envoya au Bastart de Bourgoingne. Tresnoble valeureux et renomme ch'l'r et treshonnore s'r Je me recora- mande a v're noble et bonne souve nance . tant affectueusem't tant cor- dialement et par le plus grant devoir que chevalier puet a autre comme a cellui aqui Je me tieng obligie et estre tenu pour le grant honneur que aultreffoys mavez fait par voz hon- nourables et gracieuses l'res et re- questes monstmns desir et affection que nous deux nous puissons assem bler par armes et par lesprouve dont lessay croist lonneur des nobles et augmente la lenommee Laquelle chose na peu sortir effect jusques ap'nt a mon tresgrant des .... Et tout ce par les guerres et divisions de ce Royaume Dangleterre que de- puis ce temps ont dure et multiplie jusques a pies. Par lesquelles jay eu si legitisme excuse que vous ne per sonne du monde congnoissayi le cas ne men puet demander ou donner charge destre rompeur de celle v're noble emprinse mais men descharger et excuser. Car Dieu scet que le plus grant desire que jaye en ce monde est de me trouver en cel/e tres- This is the wrytyng and Articles sent by the Lorde Scales unto the Bastarde of Burgoyne. Ryght noble woorthy and famous knyght and ryght woorshupfull' lorde, I recommaunde me unto youre noble and gode remembraunce as effectuelly as h'tly and by the grettest devoir' that oon knyght may to a noothir, as to hym to whom I holde myself obliged and bounde for the grete woorshup' that heretofore ye have shewid unto me by your honourable l'res of requestez, shewyng desire and affeccion that wee two myght assem ble by armes and by the proef where of the assaie growith' and encreseth' the woorship' and fame of all' nobles. The which' thyng myght nat arreche to af- fecte unto nowe, to my right grete dis- pleasire ; and all' this by the werres and dyvisions of this Reame of Englonde, which' sithen hath' dured and mul tiplied hidirtoo : by the which' I have hadd' so lawfull' excuse, that tliere is noon p'sone in the worlde knowyng the caas, th' myght aske or yeve me charge thereof for to be breker of your noble entirprise, hut therein to discharge and excuse me. For God knowith' that the grettest de sire that I have in this worlde is to be AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 17^ The fortune of themprise of the saide full' noble & valeriouse knyght' Sir Antony Wodevile. The Wennesday nexte aftir' the solempne & devoute feste of the Resurrexion of oure blessid Savyoure & Redemptour* Jh'u Criste, for soome of my besyiiesse, at the deptyng from the highmasse, I drewe me to the Queene of Inglond and of Fraunce and Lady of honnourable et tant louee espreuve. Et principalement affin que par i cel lui moyen je puisse avoir lacointance et lamistie de vous. sur tous ceulx de ce monde pour les grans biens les ver- tuz et les prouesses que je scay en vous et dont v're renommee fait pub- lica . . 1 par la generalle xp'iente . et aussi esperant que par vous et v're alliance Je me puisse acointier et avoir conguoissance et communica- c'on . aia treslouee et triumphale maison de Bourgoingne dont Je me tiens treshumble serviteur et parent. et laquelle Je desire servir et honnorer autant que par honneur il me seroit possible. Ces choses considerees, treshonnore seigneur, vous devez sa- voir que mon plus grant desir et ma totale affect'on & voulente est sur toutes choses. de trouver le moien de venir es choses dess'd' et que Dieu me face tant dhonneur et de grace, que Je puisse avoir en vous la frater- nellete & lam our par armes. q' deux ch'l'rs peuent de lun a lautre acquerir et avoir. Et pour commencement et moyen de ceste noble euvre. Je vous escrips et advertiz dune gracieust? aventure qui nouvellem't mest ave nue, vous priant en toute affection pour lonneur de noblesse et de che- valerie que en ceste matiere vueilliez entendre et moy faire tant dhonneur que de moy desch'gier de mon oblige. Et en ce faisant et foumissant a tousjoiirs mais me tiendray et reppu- teray a v're attenu ch'l'r. Verite est que le mercredi prou- chain aprez le solemnel et devote jour de la Resurrection de n're benoit Sau- veur et Redempteur Jh'ucrist. pour aucunes mes2 affaires au parti r de la grant messe, je me tiray3 devers la in the same right honourable and so laudable prove : and principally to thentent that by the saide meane I may have the acquayntaunce and frendship' of you above all' oothir on erthe, for the grete goodenesse, vertues and prowesses that I knowe in you, and whereof the renowne and fame is publisshid aud spradde thorugh' all' Cristendome : and also trustyng that by you and your' alliaunce I may ac- quaynte me and have knowleche to the right' laudable and tryumphal hous of Burgoyne, whereof I repute iny self right' humble s'vant and kynnesman, and the which' I desire to s've and honour' as much' as by woorship' it shulde [be] to me pos sible to doo. These reasons consi- derd, right' woorshupfull' lorde, ye owe to knowe that my grettest desire and my totall' affeccyon and will' is, above all' thynges, to fynde the meane for to come to the thynges above re- hersed : and that wull' geve me so much' grace and worshup' th' I may have unto you the fraternaltee and love that two knyghtis may have eche to oothir by armes. And for begyn- nyng and meane of this noble werke, I write unto you of a godely Aventure late fallen and happid unto me; re- quyryng unto you in all' affection' for the woorship' of nobley [qu. nobless] and of knyghthode, ye wolle take hede in this matier, and to doo me so muche woorshup' as to discharge me of my bonde; and in so dooyng and fynyssh- yng I shall' repute my self evir more for your' beholden knyght &c'. Trouth it is that the Wenysday next afore the solempne and devoute day of the Resurreccion of oure blessid Saviour and Redemptour Jh'u Crist, for certayn my causes, at the depart- yng from the high' messe, I drewe me 1 The Harleian MS. 4632 has publiance : the proper reading is publication. 2 mes is wanting in the Arundel MS. 3 tourne, Arundel MS. 178 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES Irlond, my sov'aigne lady to which' I am right humble subjet. And as I spake to hir ladiship' on knee, the bonet from myne hede, as me aught (I wote not by what adventure nor hou it happennyd) till the ladies of hir compaigne ary vid aboute me ; and they of theire benyvolence, tied aboute my right thigh' a Coler of goolde gar- nysshid with' perre, and was made with' oon letter. And whan I had it, it was nerr' my hert then my knee. And to that Coler was tied a noble Floure of Souvenaunce, enamelid, and in maner of an emprise. And than oon of them saide to me full' demurely, that I shulde take not it a woorth', as at that tyme. And than they withdrewe them all' ychone in their places. And I abasshid of this aventure rose me up', and went to thank them all' of theire right grete honoure that they did that tyme : and as I tooke up' my bonet, that I had lete fall' nygh' to mee, I founde in hit a bille writyn in smale pchemyn' rollid & closid with' a litill' thred' of goolde & seallid. Than' thought I well' that therein was the coun- Royne Dangleterre et de France ma souveraine dame, et aqui je suis tres- humble subget [et frere ' ] Et comme je parlasse a sa seigneurie a genoulx le bonnet hors de la teste comme faire devoye . Je ne scay par quelle aven ture ne comment il advint. Mais toutes les dames de sa compaignie se advironnerent alentour de moy. et ne me donnay garde que elles de leur grace me eulrent atachie alentour de ma cuisse dextre ung colier dor gar- ny de pierrie2 et estoit fait dune l're qui aia verite quant lappercheuz me fut plus prez du cueur que du genoulx. et a icellui colier estoit atachie une [noble'] fleur de souvenance esmaillie, et en maniere demprise . et lors lune delles me dist moult doulcement q' je preinsse en gre pour celle fois, et adoncques se retrayrent toutes ch'une en leur3 place. Et comme je* tout esbahy de ceste aventure me levay pour les aler remercier de ler riche & honnourable p'nt. et comme je preinsse mon bonnet que javoye laissie cheoir auprez de moy je trouvay de- dens unes l'res esc'ptes en ung delie parchemin seellees et closes dun petit fil dor seulem't Si pensay bien q' cestoit le contenu de la voulente des dames par escript, et ce q' je devoye towarde the Quene of Englonde and of Fraunce, my soveraigne lady, and to whom I am right' humble s'viiunt and subject. And as I spake uuto hir Highnesse kneelyng, my cap' oute of my hede, as my dewte was, I wote not by what adventure ne hou it happyd, but all' the ladies of hir court came aboute mee; and I toke noon hede than that they of theire grace had tied aboute my thye a Coler of goolde gar- nysshid with precious stones, and was made ofa letter the which', for to say trougth', whan I p'ceyvid, was more nygh' my harte than my knee : and to the same Coler was attachid and tied a noble Floure of Souvenaunce en- nameled and in maner of emprise. At which' seison that oon of theym saide unto me full' curteisly, that I shulde take a woorth' for that tyme. And than they all' drewe eche of them in to their' place. And I, all' abasshed of this adventure, rose up' for to go thanke them of theire riche and ho nourable p'sent; and as I toke up' my cap' that I had lete falle beside me, I founde with' in a l're writen in a fyne p'chemyn, seald and enclosed with' a small' threde of golde oonly ; whereby I thought' wele that it was the contenue of the will' of the ladyes by wrytyng, and that that I shulde 1 Arundel MS. 3 sa, Arundel MS. 2 pierrerye, Arundel MS. * Etje comme, Arundel MS. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 179 tenaunce that by them was yoven' me. Than' 1 thankid right humbly the Quene that of hir gode grace hadd suffrid such' honor to be doon' to mee in so high' a presence ; and also the ladies all', of theire honor doon to me. That doon I went foorth' with' the Kyng my sovereigne lorde, to shewe unto his highnesse myne adventure and the emprise that was me chargid ; and humbly p'sentid unto his hignesse the seide bille so closid; roekely besech yng his gode grace that it pleasid hym to geve me that honoure & grace to agree & consent to the will' of the ladies in that ptie, and that he wolde geve me congie to accomplisshe the continue in the saide bill' to be delyv'd. The Kyng unclosid the seide bille, and comaundid the same openly to be redd in his high' presence; in which was conteynyd certeigne chapitres ; that so redd, the Kyng of his aboundant grace hcencid me to accomplisshe the contenue ofthe same. fe et acomplir por la l noble souven ance q' par elles2 mestoit donnee. Lors remerciay treshumblem't la Royne q' de sa grace avoit souffert que tant dhonneur me fust fite en 3 sa noble p'nce. et pareillem't aux dames, qui le* noble p'nt mavoient fait. Et men alay tout droit devant s le Roy Dangle- terre et de France mon souverain seigneur comme faire le devoye pour lui compter mon adventure et lui mon- strer lemprinse qui mestoit chargee. Et lui monstray et baillay la l're close.6 luy suppliant en toute humilite quil lui pleust me faire tant dhonneur et de grace que dagreer et 9sentir la voulente des dames, en ceste partie. et quil me donnast congie et licence dacomplir le contenu dicelles l'res a moy baillees por laventure de lad' souvenance mener a fin . Le Roy de sa grace rompi le fil dor et fist lirre lesd' l'res contenans c'tains chappit's lesquelz maccorda liberalem't et? dont la teneur sensuit . doo and accomplisshe for the Floure of Souvenaunce the which' by them was yoven me. And therefor at that tyme I did thank the Quene right humbly, that of hir grace shee hath suffrid that so muche worshup' shulde be doon unto me in hir noble p'sence; and in like wise to the ladies which' had made unto me the seid noble p'sent. And than I went foorth' byfore the Kyng of Englond and of Fraunce my soverayne lorde, as me ought to doo, for to tell' hym myne adventure, and to shewe hym the emprise which was charged me, and toke hym the seide l're so closed ; besechyng hym right' humbly that it myght please his hignesse to doon me so grete grace and woorship' for to agree & consent [to] the will' of the ladies in this p'tie, and that he wold yeve me leve and lycence to accomplissh the contenue in the seide l'res so to me delyverd, for the adventure of the seide floure of Souvenaunce, tq bring it to a con clusion'. The Kyng of his grace brake the threde of goolde, and did the seide l'res to be redde, contenyng certeyne Articl'es the which' he graun- tid me lib'ally : whereof the tenure folowith &c'. 1 devoye faire pour la, Arundel MS. 2 elle, Harleian MS. 48. 3 fait a, Arundel MS. * leur, Arundel MS. 5 devers, Arundel MS. 6 et lui baillay la l're toute close, Arundel MS. 7 liberalemeni et, and the following title, are wanting in the Arundel MS. 180 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES The prolog of the saide Lorde Scales aftir the redyng of the saide bill' before the Kyng, & of the chapitres conteynid in the same, for c'teyn Armes on horsbak and on foote. In the wurship' reverence and helpe of oure blessid Savioure Jh'u Criste, of the gloriouse Virgyne his modir, and Seint George v'ry Tuto' and patron and cry of Englisshemen' ; in augmentacion of knyghthode & recomendacion of nobley* ; also for the gloriouse scoole and study of Armes, and for the vailliance thereof to my power to meynteyne & folowe ; and for to voide slewthfulnes of tyme loste, and to obeye & please my feire lady : — I Antony Wode- vile knyght' lorde of Scales & of Nucelles, Englissheman .xvij. day of Aprill', yere of oure Lorde M1 cccclxv. have resceyvid by the ladies the gyft of a Riche Coler of golde^ and in that hangyng a noble Souvenauce; the which' of theire grace have takyn' and set it upon my right' thigh'. ' The which Souvenaunce by Goddes pleasire, congie and licence of the Kyng my soveraigne, I have takyn' the charge for emprise to fournysshe & accomplisshe, with' the helpe of God, the Armes that folowith. Cy sensuivent les Chappit's. En lonneur reverence et ayde de n're benoit Sauveur Jh'ucrist [et '] de sa glorieuse vierge 2 mere et de mons' Saint George vray tuteur patron et cry des Angloix a laugmentacion de che- valerie aia recommendac'on de no blesse et pour la glorieuse escole et estude darmes. et de vaillance a mon pouoir maintenir et ensieuvre pour obvier aloisivete du temps perdu et pour obeyr et complaire a ma belle dame. Je Anthoine de Videville ch'l'r seigneur3 de Scalles et de Nu celles Angloix* ay au jourduy xvije jour davril mil cccc soixaute &cinq- Receu par les dames le don dun riche colier dor, en en icellui pendoit une noble souvenance lequel de leur grace elles ont atachie et mis a ma cuisse dextre. la quelle souvenance par le bon plaisir congie5 et licence du Roy [Danglet're et de France6] mond' souverain seigneur. Jay chargie et prinse por ent'prise pour fournir et acomplir alayde de Dieu, les armes qui sensuivent. Qu. nobless. Here folowen the Articl'es. In the woorship', reverence and help' of oure blessid Saviour' Jh'u Crist, of his glorious virgyn and moodir' Seynt Marie, and of Seint George, verry Tutor, patrone, and crye of Englisshemen ; to the augmenta cion and encrece of knyghthode, to the recomendacioun of noblesse, and for the gloriouse scole and studie of Armes and worthynesse, to my power to mayntene and to folowe ; to eschewe the ydilnesse of tyme loste, and for to obey and please my feire ladye ; — I Antony Widevyle Knyght, Lorde of Scales and Nucelx, Eng- lisshman, have this day the xvij. day of Aprill', the yere of oure lord a M^cccclxv6. resceyvid by the seide ladies the gyfte of a riche Coler of golde, aud in the same hongyng a Floure of Souvenaunce, the which of theire grace theye have tied at my right' thye; which Souvenaunce, hy the gode pleasire, leve and licence of the Kyng my seide souveraigne lorde, I have chargid and taken for emprise, for to fournyssh' and p'fourme, with' Goddes grace, the Armes folowyng. i Arundel MS. 2 Vierge is wanting in the Arundel MS. 3 Wydeville seigneur, Arundel MS. * Anglois wanting in Arundel MS. s Congie wanting in Arundel MS. 6 Arundel MS.— D. cl deFr. wanting in the Harleian MS. 48. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 181 The Chapitres conteyned in the seide bill' for the Armes of horsbakke. First. I shall' be bounden by expresse comaundement to ap- pere at the noble citee of London, at the day and houre that me shalbe lymetid and ordeyned in the moneth of Octobre next com yng, before the Kyng my seide soveraigne lorde or his comissarie deputee, my Jugie in that ptie ; ayenst a noble man' of foure lynages, and withoute any reproche, at my choice, yif he will' pre- sente hym ayenste me. The Seconde Chapitre. The secunde chapitre is, that we shall' assemble on hors armed ych' at his pleasure, in sadill' of werre, withoute arrest avantaugeny* or malingyne. And we shall' ren withoute any toille with' ground- yn' spere hedis oon course, ych' with spere oonly. And than' we shall' sett the handes to the sharp swerdis, and shall' fight, be it with' the foyne or with' othir strokes, to the vauntage of ev'y pties, to the complisemet of xxxvij1' strokes be smytyn betwene us two. Premierem't. Je seray tenu par ex- prez commandement de comparoir en la noble cite de Londres au jour et heure qui me seront limitees et or- donnees1 au mois Doct' prouchainem't ven' devant le Roy mond' souverain seign'r ou son commis mon Juge en ceste partie alencontre dun noble homme de quatre lignes et sans vilain reproche a mon choix sil se p'nte alencontre de moy. Le ij me chappitre est tel que nous assamblerons ach'al arme ch'un a son plaisir en selles de guerre sans arrest avantaigeux ou mal engin et courrons sans toille a fers esmoluz une course de lance seulem't. Et puis mettrons la main aux espees trenchans et com- batrons, soit destoc ou de taille ala- vantaige de ch'un. Jusques a lacom- plissem't de xxxvij cops despee2 feruz par nous deux. Furst, I shall' be bounde by ex presse comaundement to appiere in thee noble cite of London, at the day and houre that shalbe lymyted and ordeynde, in the moneth' of Octobre next comyng, byfore the Kyng my seide soverayne lorde or his depute, my Juge in this p'tie ; ayenst a noble man' of foure kynredes, and withoute shamefuU' reproef, at my choyse, yif suche p'sent hym ayenst me. The seconde Article is suche: wee shall' assemble on horsbak, armyd eche of us aftir' his pleasire in sadles of wen-', withoute arreste avauntages or male engyne, and shall' renne with oute tele with sharp hedes oon cours of the spere oonly. And than shall' set the handes to the sharp' swerdes, and shall fight' togider, be it of the foyne or of the egge, eche of us to his avauntage, unto the accomplisshement of xxxvij" strokes of the swerde smyten by us boothe. * Qu. avantaugeuss. — There is evidently a mistake in the Lansdowne MS., as well as in the parallel English version, in this word, which may be corrected from the reading ofthe Arundel MS. avanlageuse. 1 sera lymyte et ordonne, Arundel MS. 2 trente sept coups despees, Arundel MS. 182 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES The Thrid Chapitre. The thrid chappitre. I shall' doo dely ver speres and swerdis, of the which' my felowe shall' have the chois. The Fourth' Chapitre. The fourth' chapitre. And yif it happenyd (that Godd defend) that oon of us two be borne to the erthe oute of the sadill', with oute fall' of the hors, & with stroke of the spere or of the swerde ; the Armes than' shalbe holden' to be accomplissid. The Fifte Chappitre. The fift chappitre ; that yif any of us two be hurte (that God' defende) asweele of the spere & the swerde to the noon power of hym that may not fournysshe, the Armes shalbe than' holden to be accomplisshid as above is saide. 11 This is touchyng the first Armes. The Chapitres for the Secunde Armes to be doon upon foote. Item I shalbe holden to p'sente me for the seconde tyme be fore the Kyng my seide souveraigne lorde or his deputee, my Juge in this ptie, at such' a day as shalbe to me assigned in the seide moneth' of Octobre, ayenst a noble man of conditions as is Le iijme chappitre. 1 Je feray livrer lances et espees dont mon compaignon aura le choix. Le iiije chapp'. Sil advient q' Dieu ne vueille que lun de nous deux soit porte par terre hors de la seelle sans choite du cheval, et du coup de la lance ou de lespee [seulement8] les armes seront tenues por acomplies. Le vme chappit' est se lun de nous deux estoit blechie q' Dieu ne vueille tant de la lance que3 de lespee. Jusques a non pouoir furnir les armes . seront tenues por acomplies comme dess'. Et cest quant aux p'mieres armes. Sensuivent les secondes armes. Item que je seray tenu de moy p'n- ter pour la seconde fois devant le Roy mondit souverain seigneur ou son commis mon Juge en ceste partie a tel jour que me sera assigne en icellui mois Doctobre. alencontre dun noble homme des condicions dess'd' sil se p'nte The thrid Article is, I shall' delyvir speres and sweerdis, whereof my fe- lawe shall' have the choys. The iiijth Article is, And yif it happe (that God ne will') that any of us shuld be caste downe on the grounde oute of his sadill' withoute falle of his hors ; be it of the stroke of the spere or of the swerde; the Armes shalbe holden for accomplisshid. The vtl> Article is, And yif it so be that oon of us be hurte (that God de fend) as wele of the spere as of the swerde, unto no power of fournysshe, the Armes shalbe holden for accom plisshid as above saide. And this is for the first Armes. Here folowen the Seconde Armes on foote. It'm, I shall' be bounde to p'sente me and appeere for the seconde tyme byfore the Kyng my seide sov'aigne lorde or his deputee, my Juge in this p'tye, at such day as shall' be assigned in the seide moneth of Octobre ; ayenst a noble man' of the condicions above- 1 Le tiers chapitre et que je, Arundel MS. and like variations in other places. 2 Arundel MS. 3 cmnme> Arundel MS- AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 183 aboveseide, yif that he p'sent hym ayenst me, to make fournysshe & complisshe the Armes that folowith. The Secunde Chapitre. The secunde chapitre is, that we shalbe armed a foote as to noble men in such a cas appteyneth', and may bere targez and pavissez to the pleasir of iche of us. And we shalbe wepenyd of speres, axes, and daggers. And we shall' caste ychone of us oonly oon spere; and than' we shall' feight with' othir wepyns, unto the tyme that oon of us be born' to the erthe, or els by all' poyntes be put from the wepons. The thrid Chapitre. The thrid chapitre ; that I shall' doo dely ver the seide wepons, of the which' my felowe shall' have the chois. And yif any question or debate were hadd or movid of theis p'sent chapitres to be evill' writen' or evill' undirstonde, be it sure that the Kyng shall' ordeyne for this cause noble men' that the differences shalbe light'ly apeasid in the honoure at the right' of all' parties. alencontre de moy pour faire fumir et acomplir les armes qui sensuivent. Le second chappitre est tel que nous serons armez apiet, comme1 a no bles hommes en tel cas appartient. et pourrons porter targes oupavoisines au plaisir de ch'un et serons embastonnez de lances de haches et de dagues. et ferons ung get de lance seulem't et puis combaterons des aut's bastons. Jusques ace q' lun de nous deux soit porte par terre ou de touz poins des- embastonne. Le iijme est que je feray delivrer lesd' bastons et dont mon compaignon aura le choix.Et ce [est2] quant aux secondes armes. Et saucune question ou debat sour- doit ou mouvoit de ces p'ns chappi- t's par estre mal couchiez mal escrips ou mal entenduz. on soit seur q' le Roy ordonnera pour ceste cause gens si notables que les differens3 en seront legierement a apaisier gardant lonneur et* droit de toutes les parties. saide, yif he p'sente hym ayenst me, for to fournysshe and accomplisshe the Armes that folowen'. The seconde Article is suche, that we shall' doo Armes on foote, armyd as it app'teyneth' to noble men, and shall' mowe bere a targe or a pavis, aftir the will' and pleasire of ev'ich of us, and shalbe wepened with speres, axes and daggars : and we shall' make but oonly oone caste of the spere, and than' we shall' fight' with' the oothir wepens, unto the tyme that oone of us two be borne down' or in all' poyntis un wepened. The thrid Article is this ; I shall' do delyvir the seide wepyns, and whereof my felowe shall' have the choys. And this is as to the Seconde Armes. And yif any question or debate shulde rise or mere of these p'sent Ar ticles, by lak of good settyng, evill' wrytyng, or mysundirstondyng ; no man put doute but that the Kyng shall' ordeyne for this cause the notable peple, th' the mysundirstonders shalbe thereof lightly appesed and satisfied, kepyng the woorshup' and right' of all' p'tiez. 1 ferons armes a pie, armez comme, Arundel MS. 3 les en seront leg. apaisiez, Arundel MS. 2 Arundel MS. * et le, Arundel MS. 184 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES The conclusion. And for conclusion finall' of thes p'sentes chapitres, I shalbe bounde on my costes to be hadd and opteyned of the Kyng my sou- veraygne lorde, a sure and sufficiant Saufconduyt to the noble inen that will' [doo] me that honoure to coome to me to feight accordyng to the content of my chapitres ; that they may come, abide, and re- torne surely, and withoute any malengyne, aswele in that Reame of Englonde as in oothir lordshippes apperteignyng to the Kyng my seide souveraigne lorde, such' tyme & t'me as that they will' aske, and to suche a noombre of men & hors as they will' requyre con veniently, and as in such' a cas apparteyneth'. The contenu of a lettre sent to the lorde Bastarde from the lorde Scales by Chester Harault with' the emprise, aftir the seide fortune & congie of the Kyng ; the seide lorde to touche the same. Right worshupfull' lorde, by theis presentes chappitres ye see and knowe the charge in the which' I am boundyn and holden un- dir the voloure of a lady, and that I am restreyned by comaunde ment & will', and I am namyd that I shall' doo theis armes in this citee of London & in this Reame of Englonde : the which' thyng Et pour conclusion final de ces p'ns chappitres. Je seray tenu a mes despens de faire avoir et obtenir du Roy mond' souverain seign'r seur leal et souffisant saufconduit aux nobles hommes qui tant me feront dhonneur que de moy venir combatre selon le contenu de mes chappitres de pouoir venir demourer et retourner sauvement & sans mal engin tant en ce royaume Dangleterre comme es autres seigneu- ries appartenans au Roy mond' souve rain s'r durant tel temps et tel terme quilz demanderont et atel nombre de gens et de cbevaulx quilz requerront convenablem't, et comme en tel cas app'tiendra.1 Treshonnore S' par ces p'ns chap pitres vous veez et congnoissez lo charge enquoy je suis oblige et tenu soubz vouloir de dame et que je suis restraint par commandement et vuelt en q' nommeem't. Je face ces armes in ceste cite de Londres et en ce roy aume Dangleterre. Et laquelle chose And afore conclusion' fynall' of these p'sent articles, I shalbe bounde at myne owne costes, to purchace and opteyne of the Kynge my seide sov'- aigne lorde, gode true and sufficient Saufconductes to these noble men' that shall' doo me so much worshup' as for to come to fight' with' me aftir the contenue of myne articles, aswele in this Reame of Englonde as in oothir lordshippes app'teynyng to the Kyng my seide sov'aigne lorde, for such' tyme as they shall' aske, and for suche nooumbre of people and horses as they shall' require covenably and in such' cas app'teynyng. Right woorshipfull' lorde, by these p'sent Articles ye may see & knowe the charge in the which I am obliged and bounde, undir the wille ofa lady, and that I am restreyned by comaund nient. And also it is so ordeyned th' I shall' expresly doo theise Armes in the Citee of London', and in this Reame of Englonde ; the which thyng apparlient, Arundel MS. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 185 I may not withoute disobeyyng eslarge por enfrange : therefor to fournysshe and accomplisshe [that] which is comaundid me and the contenue of theis p'sentes chappitres, for the discharge of myne hevy bourdon, to fulfill' my long desire, and to apeas myne harte of the same, and for grete and resonable causes thereof movyng me (as above) I have * sent unto you in all' affection and concordiall' requeste, Chestre, herauld and s'vant unto the Kyng of Englond and of Fraunce my soverayn' lorde, to p'sent you in my behalfe theis lett's, theis chapitres, with the right' noble Floure of Souve naunce that hath' ben takyn me and chargid for an emprise ; you besechyng and requiryng that it please you to shewe me so muche honoure and frendeship' for to touche the seide floure myne em prise, and to accomplisshe the Armes conteyned in theis p'sentz chapitres. The which floure I sent ovir the see unto you, as unto the moost renomed knyght, and unto the moost rediest and det'- mynd in such noble werkes to accomplisshe ; without eblasyng of any othir ; and that by counseil' nor by enquerry made, I knowe no je ne puis sans desobeyr eslongnier ne enfraindre. , Dont pour fourm'r et acomplir ce qui mest commande et le contenu de ces p'ns chappit . . . por la descharge de mon pesant faiz pour saouler ma longue desire race appaisier mon cueur de son desir et pour les grandes et raisonables causes ace moy mouvans comme jescrips cy dess'. Jenvoye devers vous en toute affec- tueuse et cordiale requeste Chestre He- rault et s'viteur du Roy Dangleterre & de France mon souverain seigneur. pour vous p'nter depar moy ces l'res et p'ns chappit's, ensemble la tres- noble fleur de souvenance qui ma este baillee et chargee pour emprinse. Vous suppliant et requerant quil vous plaise de moy monstrer tant dhonner. et damistie q' datouchier alad' fler de mon emprinse et da- complir les armes contenues en ces p'ns chappitres. Laquelle fleur jen voye dela la mer pardevers vous comme au plus renomme ch'l'r. et au plus prest et delibere de telles nobles em . . . 1 acomplir sans nulluy blas- mer que par conseil ne par enqueste I may not disobey, enlarge or breke : wherefor, for to fourenyssh' and ac- complissh' that, that is comaundid me to doo, and the contenue of theise p'sent articles, for the discharge of myne hevy burdone, for to satisfie my longe desire, to yeve reste and quyete to myne harte of his affec- cion', and for the grete and resonable causys nievyng me to that as I write here above : — I sende you nowe in all' effectuall' and cordiall' request, Ches tre, Heraulde and s'vant of the Kyng of Englond and Fraunce my sov'eigne lorde, for to p'sent you in my name theise letters and Articles, togider with the right noble Floure of Sou venaunce which' hath ben taken me and charged for emprise; besechyng and requyryng you that it may please you to shewe me so grete worshup' and frendship', fop to touche the seide floure myne emprise, and to accom plisshe the Armes conteyned in these articles. The which floure I sende you beyond the see, as to the moost re nomed knyght, and to the rediest and arredied to accomplissh' such noble woorkis (not blamyng oothir) that by counseil' or inquisicion' I have mowe * Alongpassagehadbeenaccidentallytransposedinthe MS. but it is restored to its proper place in the text. 1 armes for emprinses, Harl. 4632. 186 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES choise, nor knowe noon such in any region. And for evir I bynde me & myne in as much as God hath geve me of gode fortune, to be youre as long as the honoure, the lyfe, the goodis may bere. And when the seide herold officier of armes, berer of this emprise above seide, shall retorne unto me, and have made his reporte, and yolden the seide floure worshuppid & touchid with so digne & knyghtly hand as yours is ; than' shall' the seide floure [be] joyousely by me takyn ayen', and shall' make me redy, and bere it as my moost derrest thing, and the cause wherefor I truste to drawe moost frute of wor ship' in this world, and unto the tyme that I have fornysshid and accomplisshid theis p'sent Armes ayenst you. Right' worshupfull' lorde, for asmuch as I considre that to you, and to such, so high and so noble werkes may contenuelly [falle]* and muche besynes oft coomyng, and many brekynges to your high' emprise, aswell' for the werres publiques oft comyng in yor marches, accident of seke- nesse, or the void' of yor soveraigne, or the t of your ladye that is not for to be disobeide ; of the which such' pointes may jay peu choisir ne savoir en quelque region. Et a toujowrs joblege moy les miens et tant q' Dieu me donnera jamais de bonne fortune pour estre v're tant q' lonneur la vie et lavoir le pourront porter ne souffrir. Et quant led' Herault officier darmes porteur de ceste emprinse dess'd' sera retourne devers moy et maura rapportee et ren- due lad' fleur honnoree et touchte par si digne et chevalereuse main comme la v're Lors sera lad' fleur joyeuse- ment par moy reprinse et men pareray comme ma . . charte2 et la cause dont jespoire tirer plus de fruit et dhonnoar en ce monde. Et ce jusques au temps que jauray furnies et acomplies ces p'ns armes alencontre de vous. Tres- honnore s'r pour ce que je considere que a vous et a tel si hault et si noble personnaige peuent continuellement moult daffaires survenir et moult de romptures en voz haultes entreprinses. tant por guerres publiques survenans en vre marche. accident de maladie le vouloir de v're souverain ou le plaisir de v're dame qui nest pas a desobeyr, Dont ch'un diceulx poins chosen in any region'. And for evir I oblige and bynde me, myne, and all' that evir God shall' yeve me of gode of fortune, to be your as longe as the woorship' lyf & gode shall' mowe bere and suffice. And whan the heraulde officer of armes, berer of this seide em prise, shalbe retourned ayen to me, and shall' bryng and delyv' me tbe seide floure worshuppid and touchid by so woorthy and knyghtly hand as your' is; than' shall' be the seide floure by me joyfully retaken, and I it shall' woor- shup' and bere as my most cherisshid thyng (whereby I trust to arreche to most worship' and fruit in this worlde) and that unto the tyme that I have furnysshed and accomplisshid these p'sent Armes ayenst you, right wor shupfull' lorde. For by cause that I consider that to you and suche high and so noble p'sones may coutynually falle many dooynges and brekynges to your' high' emprise, aswele by comoun werres oft fallyng in your' marches, accident of sekenesse, that wille of your' sov'aigne & the pleasir' of youre lady, which is not to be disobeied; eche of these poyntes may suffice to all' noble men, and is laufull' and * In turning to a new page, (f. 33b.) this word seems to have been over looked : it is not in the Heralds' MS. | Sic. 5 pareray el pourteray, comme ma chiere, Harl. 4632. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 187 suffise to suche noble men, as is resonable and legytyme excuse to retarde you & othir of many highe and honourable emprises. This considerd, to shewe unto you the worship' the desire and affection that I bere unto you above all knyghtes, I have so muche required and opteyned, that yif it be thus, that by oon of this resons or oothir trewe essoyne, ye may not come abide and entende to thaccomplisshement of the seide emprise, nor furnysshe the Armes of the which I required you, in the place and moneth aboveseide ; I shall abide you, and supporte the burden of my charge, an hole yere, to take from the ende of the seide moneth' of Octobre unto the date of an hole yere expired : that is to say, at all' tymes duryng the saide tyme of a yere, I shalbe holden' within a moneth of the somonce afore the day of oure first bataill', that ye shall' late me have weetyng, for the armes to furnysshe accordyng to the contenu of my seide chapit's ; the which I promitte you (but resonable essoine ov'co'me me, and worthy to myne excuse) but I wille accomplisshe the contenue in the same. And that no man thenk that I doo it or puelt souflire a tous nobles hommes et est legitisme et raisonnable es- soune por retarder a vous & a au- tres moult de haultes & honnourables entreprirases. Ce considere pour mon- strer a vous lonneur le desir et laffec- tion que je vous porte sur tous ch'l'rs. jay tant requis et obtenu q' se ainsi est que par lune de ces raisons ou autre leal essoune, vous ne puissiez venir vacquer ou entendre alacomplissement de lad1 entreprinse ne fournir les armes dont je vous requiers, aux lieu et mois dess'd', je vous attenderay et supporte- ray le faiz de ma charge ung an entier, a prendre depuis la fin dud' mois Doc- tobre jusques aia date dun an expire. Cestassavoir que toutes les fois que pendant icellui temps dun an, que je seray tenu, dedens deux mois de semonce avant le jour de n're pre miere bataille que le me ferez savoir il vous sera livre jour place et juge convenable pour icelles armes fournir selon le contenu de mesd' chappitres. Dont je promez que se raisonnable essoune ne me survient digne destre mon excuse. Je feray et acompliray le contenu en iceulx. Et ne cuide nulz q' je face ou entreprende les choses dess'd' pour arrogance presump- resonable excuse for to retarde unto you, and to oothir many high' and woorshupfull' emprises. That con- sidred, for to shewe you the worship', desire, and affeccion that I bere unto you above all' oothir knyghtes, I have requirid and obteyned so much', that yif so bee that [by] any of theise resons or oothir lawfull lettyng, ye myght not come or attende to the accom- plisshment of the seide emprise, nor fournysshe tbe Armes whereof I require you, at the place and moneth above seide, I shall' abide you, and support the burdon' of my charge an hole yere, to begynne fro the last ende of the seide moneth of Octobre unto an hole yere expired : that is to wete, that at all' tymes duryng the tyme of oon yere, I shall' be bounde, within two monethes of wamyng before the day of oure first batell' ye shall' warne me thereof; a place, day, and juge conve nient for the seide armes fournyssh- yng, accordyng to the tenour' of my seide articles shalbe assigned for you ; p'myttyng feithfully (withoute it so bee that any resonable lettyng so- deynly coometh' unto mee, worthy and laufull' to be myne excuse) that I shall' doo and accomplisshe the contenue in the seide articles. And thynk no man' that I doo or wolde doo the thyng abovesaide, by arrogance, p'- 188 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES undirtake the thynges abovesaide by any arrogance, presumpsion, envye, or any outrage to be callid worthly : for uppon Gode and myne honor I doo it not but fortoo obeye my faire lady, and to have coyntaunce of you, and principally of a gode knyght, the which' ye be my choice. So be it that the creatour of hevyn & of erthe, to the which I pray that hee geve you joye of youre faire lady. Right worshipfull' lorde, and right noble and valereux and renomyd knyght, to that entent that ye be bett' ac'teyned that I will' witholde doo and accomplisshe the thynges above seide, I have sealde thes p'sentes chapitres with the seal of myne armes, and signed with myne hande, in the place and Manoir Roiall' of Sheene, the xviijteu day of the moneth of Aprill' the yere a M1 cccclxv. The Supplicacion of the seide Right noble Lorde to the Kyng aftir the p'sentacion of the saide emprise, the Kyng to co- maunde an harauld to receyve themprise & chappitres afore- saide, and to delyver the same to the right' noble Lorde the Bastarde of Burgon : the Kynges commaundemet to Chestre harauld thereupon. The maner of resceyvyng thereof by the harauld. And the Kinges Comandement to his Constable of Englonde. The saide emprise with the seide chappitres as is abovesaide, presentith to the Kynges highnesse, beeyng in his high' chambre of c'on envye ou oultrecuidance de valoir, sumpsion', envy, or outrequidaunce Car sur Dieu et sur mon Honneur. Je of manhode : for I take God to re- ne le faiz q' porobeyr a ma belledame et corde, and upon myne honoure, I doo avoir lacointance des bons. et princi- it nat but oonly for to obey my feire palem't dun bon ch'l'r dont vous estes lady, and to have the acqueyntaunce mon choix. Ce scet le Createur du ciel of gode knyghtes, and principally of et de la terre aqui je prie quil vous oon, whereof ye be my choise : that doint joye de v're dame. Treshonnore knowith the Maker of hevene and of s'r tresnoble valereux et renomme ch'l'r. erth ; to whom I pray to yeve you joy affin q'vous soyez mieulx ac'tene q' je of your' lady. Right' worshipfull' vueil entretenir faire & acomplir les lorde, right' noble worthy and re- choses dess'd' Jay seelle ces p'ns chap- nomed knyght ; to tlie entent that ye pit's du seel de mes armes et signez de be better acerteyned that I will' dpo ma main en la place et manoir Royal and accomplisshe the thynges above- de Shene,le xviijcjour dumois Davril, seide, I haue enseald these p'sent Ar ia mil cccc soixante & cincq. tides with' the seall' of myne armes, and signed with myne owne hande, in the place and manoir' roiall' of Shene, the xviij"1 day of Aprill', the yere of our Lorde M1'. cccclxv". To the right woorthy and fa mous Knyght and right wor shipfull' lorde the Bastarde of Burgoyne, Erie of the Roche and Lorde of Bevery and Beveryce. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 189 astate in his maner of Sheene, accompanyed with' many noble lordes, the saide right' noble & worshupfull' lorde Sir Antony Lorde Scales and of Nucelles &c. full' wele avisidly with dewe plesaunce before the Kynges gode grace in godely woordes besought' his high nesse on the most humble wise, to licence oon of his harauldes named Chestre, to resceyve the seide emprise, which he prposid to sende unto the right worshupfull' knyght' the Basterd of Bourgon, with the seide chapitres for Armes on horsbak & oon fote to be pfited. To the which the Kyng well' agreed. Then the seide Chestre in the cote-armoure of the seide noble & worshupfull' lorde, was comaundid by the same accordyng to his office of armes, to obeye & assithe his desire grauntid upon so high' & a worshipfull' a corage : the which doon' the seide Chestre receyvid the same emprise named the Floure of Souvenaunce, and it set upon a kerchewe of plesaunce, tooke the charge of the delyveryng thereof, & so de- partid. And immediatly than' the Kynges highnesse comaundid Therle of Worcestre grete Constable of Englond, there beeyng . p'sente, to enacte & remembr' that memorable acte and entre of the worshupfull' Armes, with' the mercy of oure Lorde, to the accom- plisshyng in his Roiall' p'sence, betwene hym & the seide noble knyght' the Bastarde of Burgon: accordyng to the which comaunde ment, the Constable seide his high' comaundement shuld be p'formed accordyng to the dewte of his office.* * The following document was passed under the seal of the High Con stable. Coppie de lectres certifficatoires The copy of the Certificac'on de monsr le Conte Worcestre made by the Erie of Woorcestre grant Connestable Dangleterre, High' Conestable of Englonde. touchant les choses dessusd'. (Lansd. MS. 285, f. 21.) (Harl. MS. 4632, f. 91.) A tous princes dues comptez ba- To all' Prynces Dukes Erles Ba rons chevalliers, et autres nobles ex- rouns Knyghtes and othir noble men' pers au noble faict darmes, Jehan lerned and experte in noble dedis of comte de Worcestre sr de Tipetot et de armes, Joh'n Erie of Worcestre Lorde Polueys, grant Connestable Dangle- Tiptoft and of Powis, High' Conestable terre, salut et accroyssement de toute of Englonde, gretyng, and encrece of vaillance. Comme acause dud' office a all' worthynesse. Where, by vertue nous commis ap'teigne non pas seule- of the seide offyce to us comyttid, hit ment faire mectre en escript toutes app'teyneth' nat oonly to do put in les notables faictz darmes qui en nos- wrytyng all' the noble notable dedes tre temps auroient este acomplis, affin of armes which' in oure tyme have ben quilz remaynet a memoire, mais aussi accomplisshid to thentent that they que les choses tresvaillaument com- shulde remayne & abide in remem- manceezsoyetpublicquementnotiffieez braunce, but also to the entent that es royaulmes et regions longtaines, et the thynges right' woorthyly begoonne que aultres vaillans hommes a leur ex- shulde openly be notified iu ferr' emple soyent encluis deulx applicquer roiames and regiouns, and that oothir woorthy men' to theire ensaumple shulde enclyne them to applye to 190 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES The p'sentacion of the Lorde Scales l're aforesaide and the saide emprise, by Chestre Harauld, to the Lorde Bastarde at Bru cells the laste day of Aprill', the yere abovesaide ; rev'ently doon in full' high' presence : And the touchyng of the same by the seide Lorde Bastarde, Hcencid so to doo by the Duke of Burgoigne, with reverent obeisaunce to the saide emprise. The which' last day of Aprill' the seide Chestre entrid the towne of Brucells, and sent a pursevant from his loggyng unto the Lorde Bastarde of Bourgne, shewyng hym that he was coome oute of Englond with a l're fro my seide Lorde Scales. My seide Lorde Bastarde of Bourgon sentj twoo harauldes and ij prsevauntes, and convey id hym before the Dukes logyng, where he was accompanyed with' dyvers estates. The seid harauld Chestre p'sentid his l're and charges unto hym as ensewith'. Right' high' and noble Counte: my right' honourable lorde Anton' Wodevile Lorde Scales and of Newcelles brothir unto the excellent & right' high' and myghty princes Queene of Englond and of Fraunce, with all' dewe reve rence recomendith hym unto you and sendith' you this l're; I mekely besechyng you that it may please yor lordship' to see this a telz et semblables faictz, et que par telz nobles exercices darmes lacro- yssement de vaillant chevallerie soit de plus en plus continuee : Scavoir fkisons par ces p'ntes que le xx1 jour davril Ian de grace mil quatrecens soixante et cinq, en la chambre destat au manoir royal de [She]ne [devers]1 excellence de treshault et trespuissant et treschr'en Roy prince Roy Edouard par la grace de Dieu Roy Dangleterre [et de France et sr] Dirlande, mon souverain sr, se soyt presente tres- vaillant. chivall'r Anthony de Wide- ville sr Descalles et de Nucelles frere de treshaulte et trespuissante prin cesse la Royue ma souveraine dame, pourtat une fleur de souvenance pour entreprinse darmes acheval et apie, qui luy estoit chargee de faire et acomplir. Lequel t'shumblem't agetioux sup pliant la mageste royal du Roy mond' souverain s' quil luy pleust [a com mander a Chestre le herault adonques present a resceyvoir] lad' fleur de sou- suche and semblable dedes, and that by suche noble ex'cises of armes tlie augmentacion' of woorthy knyghthode shulde bee the more & lenger conty- nued : — Wee lete you wit by theise p'sentes, that the xxix'2 day of the moneth' of Aprill', the yere of oure Lorde M'.cccc.lxve. in the chaumbre of estate, in the roiall' Maner of Shene, unto the excellence of the right' high' right' myghty and right' Cristen prynce Edwarde by the grace of God Kyng of Englonde and of Fraunce aud Lorde of Monde, my sov'aigne lorde, — a right woorthy knyghte, Sir Anthony Wyde- vyle Lorde of Scales and Nucelx, bro thir unto the right' high' and myghty pryncesse the Quene my soverayne lady, hym p'sented, beryng a floure of Souvenaunce for emprise of Armes an horsebak and on foote [which] was charged hym to doo and accomplisshe. The which' knelyng right mekely be sought the majeste royall' ofthe Kyng my seide sov'ayne lorde, that it myght please hym of his grace to comaunde unto Chestre the heraulde than beyng 1 The words inclosed in brackets are supplied from the translation. 2 Read xiv'- AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 191 wrytyng' and rede it, or doo to make it to be redd, that I may have such' an answere as my seide right' hono able lorde may be satis fied, and my pouer honeste savid. Then answeryng the seid noble lorde unto the seide harauld. It shalbe seen & redd, and yee in haste in such wise answerid as of right' ye shall' holde you content : and incontynent aftir the seide answere, the seide Lorde Basterde de- ptid w' all' the company of lordis, and went unto the presence of the Lorde Charelez, and shewid hym a l're and articl'es in such' wise as all' the lordes went unto the Dukes presence for the direction, the last day of Aprill' afore rehersid. And on the morn', the first day of May, ther was comaundid that all' the harauldes and p'sevauntes in the courte of Bourgon, shulde come to Chestre logyng, and so to bryng hym to the presence ofthe Duke on horsbak ; the seide Chestre procedyng unto the p'sence in this wise as folowith'. Right high' and myghty prynce. Right humbly I beseche you of yor highnes to licence me to shewe in yor presence my charges and erandis, the which' I have resceyvid in the high' presence of the Kyng of Englond and of Fraunce my soverayne lorde, by my right' honourable lorde Antony Wodevile Lorde of Scales and of Nucelles venance et icelle pourter p'della la-- mer a p'nt' pour et au nom dud' seig neur Descalles, a noble homme et re- nomme chivallier le Bastard de Bour- goingne. Laquelle chose le Roy oc- ¦ troya aud' sr Descalles moult benigne- met ; et commanda aud' herault ainsi le faire. Lequel herault revestu de la cotte darmes dud' sr Descalles, receut icelled' fleur avecques certains chap pitres par escript, signe de la main dud' seigneur de Scalles et seelees dud' sel de ses armes, contenant la maniere dicelle emprinse dicelle fleur. Lequel herault senva ap'nt par della la mer pour icelle cause. Lesquell' choses dessusd' ainsi faictes en nostre pre sence, le Roy mond' souverain sr nous [a] commande tesmoigner p' noz lectres certifficatoires soubz le seel de loffice dont usons. Ce que faict avons et fais's p' ces p'ntes Donnez a Londres soubz le seel de mond' office de con nestable, le vingt deuxieme jo1 de moys davril, Ian de grace dessusd' et Ian cinquiesme du regne de mond' souverain seigneur le Roy Edoward le quart de ce nom apres la conqueste Dangleterre. p'sent, to resceyve the seide floure of Souvenaunce, and the same to bere beyond the see, for to p'sent and de- lyver, for & in the name of the seide Lorde Scales, to the noble and rc- nomed knyghte the Bastard of Bur- goyne. The which thyng the Kyng gaunted right benignely, and comaun did to the heraultle so to do ; which resceyved the floure, clothed and re vested with the cote of armes of the seide lorde, and seald of his armes, conteynyng the maner of the emprise of the seide floure. The which he- ranlde goth nowe beyonde the see for the same cause. Theise thynges above seide so doon in oure p'sence, the Kyng my seide sov'aigne.lorde hath comaun did us to witnesse by oure l'res testi- monialx undir the seall' of the office that we use to seal with : which thyng we have doon', and doo by thfS p's- entes, yoven at London undir the seall'ofoure office of Conestable, the xxij day of the moneth' of Aprill', the yere of oure Lord' M'.cccc.lxvc-. and the vth yere of the reigne of the Kyng my seide soveraigne lorde Edward the iiij"' of this name sithen the Conquest of Englonde. 192 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES brothir unto [the] excellent and right high' and myghty prynces Queene of Englond and of Fraunce my soveraigne lady, touchyng the noble Lorde Bastard of Burgon, Erie of Roche and Lorde of Bev'e and Bev'esse. The Duke answeryng the seide harauld in this forme. Doo your' charge, we licence you. Than' the seide haraldes of the courte & purcevauntes went unto a nothir chambre beside the Dukes chambre, and i toke the Lorde Scales cote of armes upon his body, and the emprise borne on high' betwene his hondes in a kerchief of [plesaunce] honourably, the emprise beyng fastid unto the upp'moost border of the seide kerchief, and coverd with the lowist border of the kerchief, and thus2 bringyng hit honour ably, makyng iij. obesaunce in the approchyng of the presence, and aftir the third obesaunce lattyng fall' the lower bourder' ofthe kerchief which coverd themprise, and stode up upon the right honde of the prynce theire beyng in estate. And than the Duke yafe in co'maundement unto a lorde, a brothir of the Toison,3 to rede unto them on high my Lorde Scales l're and articles : and alle that tyme the Harald holdyng themprise on an heigh' in the seide p'sence ; and aftir the redyng, Therle Bastard of Burgon went unto the p'sence of the Duke, and askid license to touche them prise, and to accomplisshe the articles there red, signed and seald with the seale of armes of my seide Lorde Scales. And than the seide Lorde Bastarde came unto the emprise, seying unto the herauld Chestre, I pray you recomaunde right humbly unto my Lorde Scales my brothir as hartly as I can: I thank hym right highly of the honoure that he dooth to me by his wrytyng, to the edifying and encresyng of honoure ; and to the fulfillyng of his honorable request, 1 take upon me by licence of my prince to touch this emprise, and oblisshe me to accomplisshe thes his articles: and with that, touchyng; makyng a reverent obesaunce. And than' Bourgon toke the nethirmust egge of the kerchief of plesaunce in the which' themprise was borne, and Charols the oothir partie ; and so covird the seide emprise worthly, as it came unto the presence afore rehersid. And than' the seid Chestre knelyng unto the Duke, saying as ensuyth' : Right high' and my prudent prince, mekely I beseche you to pardone me of my sympilnesse and of my rude spekyng. The Duke answeryng, Chestre, ye ar righte welcome! 1 Sic. ' A passage, to the extent of a page and a half of the Lansdowne MS. (f. 33.) has been misplaced, which may be accounted for, by supposing that one leaf of the original draught had slipped out of order, or was wrongly folded, when the Lansdowne copy or its prototype was written. It has been restored to its proper place in the text. 3 A Knight of the Order ofthe Tuison d'Or, or Golden Fleece. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 193 There Chestre beryng the emprise so touchid in the presence and in the sight of alle people, and there placed it in a chambre aparte, as appteyneth'. And on the morn' next comyng, the seide Lorde Bastarde desirid Chestre to have patience : he durste nought' ne myght dely ver hym his answere, withoute coicacion with the Duke. And so the seide Chestre bode there dailly with a grete chere, as pteynd an harauld to have ; accompanied with auncien Kynges of armes and noble herauldes, ix. daies folowyng. And the xth day he was delyverd wl a l're unto the Lorde Scales with all' dewe re- comendacion : and as broth'ly he desirith my Lorde Scales to take hym in any thyng that is possible and honourable hym to doo, aswele afore his complisshyng of his acte, as aftir the seide acte. The seide Lorde Bastarde sent by Bourgon his harauld, a riche gowne furrid with sables, the which he were at the touchyng of [the] noble emprise afore rehersed ; and his doublet of blak velewet garnysshid with armyng pointes, and the slytes of the doublet sieves claspid with claspes of golde ; and xl. reynes gilderus, to the seide Chestre. Accordyng to the co'maundement and ordenaunce [he] resceyvid the seide yiftes, and than' araide hym in the same ; and came unto the courte, and reverently thonkid, and toke his leve and departid. And than the seide harauldes of the courte accompanyed the seide Chestre a liege oute of the towne of Brucelx. Here folowith' the names beyng present at the touchyng ofthe emprise. The right' high and myghty prynce the Duke of Bourgon, le Comte le Charles, Mons' Jaques de Burbon, Mons' Alof de Cleves, Mons' le Prynce Doringe, Mons' Jaques de Luconbourght, Mons' de Russy, Mons' Darque, Mons' le Marshall' de Bourgone, Mons' le Montagu, Mons' de Monell', Mons' de Viceaulx, Mons' de la Roche, Mons' Symo de Layne, Mons' Miralment, Mons' de Cry- ceaulx, Mons' Philip' de Crye, Mons' Phillip' de Burbon, Mons' de Contay, Mons' de Monsures, Mons' Anton' de Parteny, Mons' de Trevges, Mons' Antony de Salayg, Mons' Martyn de Grapezende, John' de Chassa, Ernault Bovton, Ph'e Bovton, Duns de Hunyeres, John' de Massy, Chareles de Haplayn-Courte Monferont. Bourgon' le Harauld, Chareles le Marshall' darmes de Brabant, Fuselles Pursevaunte darmes, Nulnesy frote Pursevaunt darmes.* * Some of these names being corruptly written in the text, another copy is here given with a translation of the letter brought back by the Herald, from the same Lansdowne MS. fol. 21b- : the original French of that letter, and copies of two others which have been noticed in the introductory remarks, are taken from (he Harl: MS. 4632, fol. 92b-93b< A French copy of the names is con tained in this MS. Thise 194 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES The Refne of Chestre harauld with' themp'se touchid by the Lorde Bastarde, and his relacion to the Kyng at Grenewiche: then p'sent the Duke of Gloucestre, the Duke of Buk', the Erie of Worcestre Constable of Englond, and therle of Shrewisbury ; the xxiij" day of May, the yeere abovesaide. Right' high' and excellent Prynce, moost Imperiall' Kyng. I have been accordyng to the high' charges the which' I resceyvid in Thise ben the names of the Lordes Knyghtes and Squyers, Gentilmen & Herauldes, that were p'sent whan the seide Floure of Souvenaunce was touched by the Bastard of Burgoyne. First, The Duke of Burgoyne The Erie Chareloys The Lorde Jacques of Burboon The Lorde Aldolf of Cleves The Prynce of Dorenge The Lord' Jacques of Lucenburgh' The Lorde Roussy The Lorde Dargue The Marshall' of Burgoyne The Lorde Montaigne The Lorde Moreul The Lorde of Vttiaux The Lorde of Roche Sir' Symon de la Lainge The Lorde of Miralmont The Lorde Crieucure Sir Phillip' of Burboon The Lorde of Countay The Lorde of Monsures Sir Antony de P'teney The Lorde of Tienges S' Anthony de la Laing S' Marty Garsy S' Marty de Trapezonde John' de Chassa Emart Bouton' Drues of Hunieres John' de Massy Charle de Hamplene Monferant Burgne j,e Heraude Charloys Marshall' of armes of Braban Fuzill' P0rs' of ar' Nul ne sy fret Pes' of armez. Lectres Responsives dosd' chappi- Here folowith the copy ofthe l're tres, envoyeez aud' S' Descalles sent by the Bastard of Bur- par led seigneur Bastard de goyne, answeryng the seide at Bou>'g°lnSne- T articl'es and wrytynges. Noble et honnoure sr. Je me recom- Noble and woorshupfull' Lorde, I mande av're bonne souvenance le plus recomaunde me unto youre remem- cordiallement et atant que mest possi- braunce as hartely and as certeynly as ble; en vous remerciant chierement is to me possible, and thank you as et par le plus expres devoir que Je le affectually and by the moost expresse scay, ne puis faire des tresjoueusses devoir that I can or may doo, of youre AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 195 your excellent p'sence in ye Manoir Roiall' of Sheene, the Wenes- day aftir the feest of Estur, by my Lorde Scales ; and by the licence ofthe right' high' and myghty prynce the Duke of Bourgon, there et desireez nouvelles que par cest herault maves escriptes et envoyeez, ensemble du treshonnourable et amoy agreable p'nt que par icelluy maves faict offrir et presenter p' solempnel honneur et magnificence. Cest assa- voir v're noble emprinse ensemble aulx chevalereulx chappitres adroys- sans amoy par moult honnourable moyen, dont de rechief tant et tant Je vous remercie, que Je ne le scay assez reciter, car par iceulx ensemble voz gracieuses lectres vous me faictes et portes tant dhonneur, de louenges, damytyes, non des'vies, que de ma vie Je ne le vous scauroye recom- pancer ne deservir. Or est il ainsi, noble et honnoure seigneur, que pour les grans biens et vertueuse renommee que on publie de vous et de v're chivalerie, et aqui par voz escriptz vous mesmes le recitez, Jay de pieca desire et contendu davoir espreuve et alliance, p' vous descharger de v're faix acomplir v're enprinse et com- plaire av're noble requeste. Jay au- jourduy p'mier jour de May, touche aladicte souvenance v're d' entreprinse et accepte le contenu de vosd' chap- 'res amoy p'ntes en intencion alaide Dieu de passer de vosd' chappitres 3 passer au royaulme Dangleterre temps et jour que par iceulx chap pitres est ordonne par noz armez fornir. Et ce par la continuance de la guerre ou Je suis p'ntement oc- cuppe ou par aultre loyaulle eys- soyenne que lescusoyt par honneur generallement comme Je puisse passer et entendre aia fortune de ceste en prinse aia premiere journee que voz chappitres vous nommes et ordonnes ace prochain moys doctobre, soyez seur que Je me disposeray par tous devoirs et moyens amoy possibles, de venir au second terme que de v're no blesse mavez octroye. Et se le vous signiffieray et ferays scavoir deux moys devant comme le me requerray; vous requirant que de v're part pa- reillement vous dispousez et ordonnez voz affaires, tellement que le desir de ch'un de nous deux puisse sortir vray effect. Et pour le p'nt, autre right' joyfull' and desired tydynges that by Chestre the her.nilde ye have wreeten and sent unto mee, with the right honourable and to me agreablrf p'sent, that by the sa-r.e ye have doon to offre & p'sent by solempnolP honour' and magnificence ; that is to sey, your' noble emprise togidre with tiie hii>b' and knygh'ly articles directid unto me by right honorable meane ; whereof eftsones so moche and so moche I thank you, that I in no wise coude wele recite. For by the same with your' gentyle l'res ye doo unto me so grete worship' and lovy nges and frende- shippes not des'vid, that I all' my lyf for noon thyng coude recommence nor' des've. Nowe it is so, noble and woor- shapfull' lorde, that for the grete good- nesse and vertues renomed aud pub- lissh' of you and of your' knyghthode, and as ye recite by youre wrytynges, I have heretofore desired and entendid to have p'fr' and alliaunce with you ; for to discharge you of your' bourdon', to accomplisshe your'emprise, to please and agree to yor honourable request ; I have this day the first day of May, touchid the riche Souvenaunce your' emprise, and have accepted be conte nue of the articles to me from you p'sentid, to thentent with Goddes helpe to passe into the reame of Englonde at the tyme & day [whicii] in the seide articles is ordeyned, for to accomplisshe oure Armez. And but yif it bee by the contenuaunce of the werre where I am nowe occupied, or by oothir so laufull' lettyng, that thexcuse by woors'mp' & reason' generally I myght' not passe nor entende to the fournysshyng of this emprise at the first journay that by your' articles ye name & ordeyne, at this next day of Octobre ; be ye sure that I shalle dispose me by all' the de- voire and meanes to .me possible, to come at the seconde terme b' yor no blesse hath grauntid me, and shall warne you and doo you to wit, two monethes before, like as ye desire me. Requyryng you that of yor parte in like wise ye will' so dispose and ordeyne your' doynges,that ye desire of us bolhe may come to verry effecte. And for 196 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES p'sentid my lordes Emprise undir this fourme as I have it here in your p'sence. Mekely I beseche you of your haboundant grace to be pleasid with my rude behavyng, and the requirer' of honoure high' p'sence resceyve this his emprise, touchid by the high' and chose ne vous escriptz, fors que Je this tyme I write noon othir thyng prie au Redempter de humain lignaige unto you, but I pray to the Redemp- Jh'ucrist, quil vous doinct donneur et tour' of mankynde Jh'u Crist, to yeve de biens lentier de voz soubzhaiz. you of woorshup' and of welthes your' Escript a Bruselles et signe de ma ample desires. Wreten at Bruxelles, main, ce quatriesme jour de May, an and signed with myne owne hande, the dessusdict. iiij"1 day of May. Yor behold' Burgoyne. To the noble and worshupfull' lorde and my desirid brothir the Lord Scales and of Nucelles. Lectre sur la presente envoyee par ledict sr Descalles audict sr Bastart de Bourgoingne. Treshonnoure et tresnoble sr. Je me recommande avous si acertes q' fera scay et puis Et vous plaise scavoir par cest herault voz gracieuses et trescon- fortables lectres ensembles les nouvelles tres agreables escriptes abruxelles le quatriesme jour de May, par lequel herauld et vosd' lectres signez de v're main, Jentends et apparcoy que le p'mier jour dud" moys de May, vous touchastes la noble fleur de souvenance e mon enprinse que envoye vous avoye par led' herault. Laquelle p' vous ainsi touchee Jay joyeusement receu, dont de lhonneur que en ce maves faicte si trescordiallement et affectueusement que en ce monde puis faire ne le pourroye vous remercier. Et aussi de la bonne chere et largesse que maves faict et aud' herault, parquoy me tient et tiendray tous temps le v're oblige. Et que ce mest par limpedimet de la guerre ou estes empeschie ou autre eyssoyenne digne dexcusacon raisonnable, vous viendres et passerez en cestuy royaulme pour me descharger de ma foy, dont de rechief moult humblemet vous remercie ; et que ce ne pouvez venir au moys doctobre prochainemet venant, que vous y viendres au segond terme contenu esd' chappitres que pource vous ay envoyez par led' herault, et le me fairez assavoir deux moys avant v're venue. Sy soyes certain que vous serez le tresbien venu. Et la ou me requerires p' icelles voz lectres que tellement vueille disposer mes affaires, que v're desir puisse sortir a effect, Je vous asseure certainemet par cestes, que en moy ny aura nulle faulte en quelque maniere, que ce soyt auplaisir de n're sr benoist Createur Au quel Je prie quil vous doinct saincte et bonne vie avecques joye de v're dame. Escript a Londres, le xxiij" jour du moys de May. Aultres lectres par le seigneur Descailles au Bastard de Bourgoingne. Noble et honnoure sr et mon desire frere, apres toutes cordialles rescriptions plaise vous scavoir pource que Jentends que tellement aves este enpeschie es guerres de par della, que naves peu venir en cestuy royaulme pour la forfacture de noz armez ace dernier moys Doctobre; Jay este tant triste et desplaisant que plus ne pourroye. Mais pour le grant renommee respandue de pardesca, que y aves acquise par vox haulx et chevalereulx faix, ce ma este ung tresgrand reconfort ; priant Dieu de ainsi disposer, que briefvemet puisse avoir de vous telles nouvelles que noz desirs puissent estre accomplitz, ce que Jentendz de jour en jour. Autre chose ne vous escriptz pour le p'nt, fors que Je vous prie chierement que par le pourteur de cestes Je puisse ouyr de v're bonne prospe- rite et plaisir sur ce. Et sil est chose pardesca a vous agreable, en la moy significant de tresbon cueur [here some words are wanting] qui vous ait en sa garde. Escript a Londres de la main le treziesme jour de Novembre. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 197 noble Lorde Anton Bastarde of Bourgon Counte de Roche et de Bevere et de Bev'esse, he oblisshyng hym to me your herault, to acomplissh' the articles and his noble voloure : and have yeve me charge to recomaunde hym as brothirly as he can. And than pro- cedyng, shewith themprise by the Kynges comaundement, unto my Lorde Scales, legg' rev'ently ; and there fostid it unto a Coler of golde upon the same. And than the seid Chestre approchid ageyn' unto the high' presence of the Kyng, saying this worde. Excel lent Kyng and my moost gode and graciouse sov'aigne lorde : Mekely I beseche you of yor haboundant grace, that it may please you to thanke my Lorde Scales, of the honoure that he. put me to occupie in so high' a mater. And also I beseche you to owe thanke unto my Lorde Bast'd, the which yafe me this same riche gowne and this doublet garnysshid in this fourme, the which he ware at the touchyng of the emprise, and xl. flouryns and my costes the tyme of my beeyng there. The coomyng of the Bastarde to Gravesende the xxix day of May, worshupfully accompanide ; where Garter mett hym, to the Kynges commaundement. The Friday xxix. day of May, the yere of our Lorde a M1. cccclxvij0 at the vijth yeere of the victoriouse renomyd Prince Kyng Edwarde the iiijth, the Bastard of Bourgon accompanyde with many noble lordes, knyghtes, squyers and oothir, aboute the noom- bre of cccc. with foure kervelles of forstage, richely apparailde and enforcid with' all' maner abilmentes of werre, penons, banners, gy- tons, stremers ; his gabon also hangid with arasse within and with oute richely beseen ; came before Gravesende aboute the houre of foure at aftir noone : where as was ordeyned by the Kinges co maundement, Garter Kyng of Armes,1 and had ley there the space of iij wekes before to meete with' hym at his landyng, where it evir had been, and to have conveide hym foorthe ; and also to certifie the Kynges highnesse of the same. The which' assone as he came in sight', the seide Garter tooke and appareilde a barge clenly be seen, met with' hym ij. myle of or he came there,- and welcomyd hym thidir ; and desirid hym yif he had lykyd, to come to London and to reste hym aftir his grete laboure : he answeryng, that he was not disposid to londe in any wise to tyme he came there where 1 This person was John Smert, who succeeded his father-in-law, William Bruges, first Garter King of Arms, in 1449, and died in 1478, 18th Edw. IV. See Anstis' Order of the Garter, vol. i. 347—355. After the account of Smart given in that work, it is surprising that Noble should have written such nonsense in his History of the College of Arms, where mention is made of him. 198 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES he shulde doo pforme his Acte ; but there he wold abide that nyght, and caste ankre before the towne. The metyng of the Bastarde at the Blak Wall' by the Constable worshupfully accompanyed &c' The xxx" day of May. On the morn' aftir Satirday xxxd day of May, he sett up saill' to London warde ; and the space of a myle or he came to Grene wiche, at the Blak Wall' came to resceyve and to mete with' hym Therle of Worcestre Constable of Englond, accompanyed with' many othir lordis, knyghtes, squyers, and many aldermen and riche comeners of the Citee of London', ordeyned in vij barges and a galy, and richely beseen and araide in coveryng with' clothis of golde and arasse, to the noombre of And there welcomyd hym and conveide hym foorth' to London. And when he had caste ankre a litill' benethe Seint Kat'yns, resceyvid hym & his feliship' of nobles and othir into theire barges, and londid at Byllynges Gate; where as were also to welcome hym many othir lordes, nobles, knyghtes, squyers, and noble comeners of the seid Citee. And from thens [Tie] was conveide on horsbake by the seide Conestable and lordis, thorugh' CornhiU' and Chepe, and by Seint Powlis of Lon don, unto the bisshoppes place of Salisbury, in Fletestrede ; the which' was ordeyned by the Kyng, and richely apparailde with' arasse and hongyd with' beddis of cloth' of golde, for his loggyng within the towne, w' all' maner othir stuff in and withoute the towne for his disporte : and to say ' his harnais secretely, was ordeyned the seide bisshopes place at Chelchieth', twoo myle the toon from the toothir ; he to take his barge or his bote at suche tyme as it likid hym to doo for his pleasure.2 The comyng of the Kyng to London aftir the comyng of the Bastarde, and the solempne meetyng of hym. The Tuysday next aftir, that is the seconde day of Juny, came rydyng fro Kyngeston upon Tempse thorugh' London, the Kyng ; which' was mett, or he came to towne two mile, with' many Princes, Dukes, Erles, Barons, Knyghtes, Esquyers, the Meire, Aldirmen, 1 Say his harness ; that is, to assay or try his arms, and exercise himself. 2 Septimana ante Pentecosten venit Dotninus Bastard' de Burgaine, Londo- niam, magna stipatus comitiva militum et armiuerorum patriae sua;, ad perfi- ciendumduellum cum Domino de Scalys ; hospitatusque est in hospicio Epis- copi Sarum in Flete-strete, ubi tenuit magna festa. Eodem mense venit Domi- nus Rex Londoniam, summo apparatu, per civitatem ad Westmonasterium ; conductusque est nobiliter Dominus de Skalys in Holburne, ad hospicium domini Episcopi Eliensis ; ubi magnum tenuit cum railitibus -et armigeris hospicium. — Will. Wyrcestre, Annales, p. 507, ed. Hearne. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 199 Shereffes and Comyners of the Citee, to the noombre of ; Kynges of Armes, also Herauldes and Pursevauntes, in cotes of armes, as wele of dyvers othir londes as of the same : As it belongyd to a Prynce Roiall', with the sowne of clarionse, troompes, shal- mose and othir. The Constable beryng his baston on the right hande, Therle Marshall' on like wise on the left hande, the Lorde Scales beryng the Kynges swerde in the myddis betwene bothe. The Kyng so roially conveide, as wele was mett with' procession of the iiij. orders with'oute the towne, as with' oothir religiouse psones, preestes and clerkes &c'. as at Saint Powlys with processyon solempne of bishoppes, many miterd, with ensence resceyvid hym into the chirch' with' pcession to the high' auter, where he offrid. And than tooke his hors, and rode thorugh' Fletestrete, where the Bas tard and his feliship' behelde the Kynges comyng. At the more was supposid by cause the Lorde Scales bare the swerde before the Kyng. And the Lorde Scales pceyvyng that, turnyd his hors sodeynely and beheelde hym ; the which' was the furst sight' and knowlege psonelly betwene them'. And so from thens to Westm' where the Kyng helde and began' his Parlement on the morowe aftir.1 The presentacion of the Bastarde too the Kyng aftir his comyng. The same day the Bastarde there presentid hym before the Kyng w1 dewe reverence, desired his day of bataile to be prefixid : the which' in like wise was desirid on the behalf of the Lorde Scales, by Therle Ryvers his fadre, als hastely as it myght please the Kynges highnesse. The Kyng callyng his counseil' to him, co maundid his Sherefs of London' to make the barrers to be made in Smy thefeld ; the which' by thavice of the Constable, callyng to hym the Kynges of Armes, the seide barrers were made in length' the conteyned of iiijxx and x yerdes, and in brede iiijxx yerdes of assise ; the feld made ferme, and stable assigned : the day to kepte between them, the Monday nexte ensuyng, on Thursday seint Barnabee day, the xj1'1 day of the moneth' of Juny. And prorogyd his seide plament therefor from the Wennesday before unto Moonday next aft'.2 1 m° die Junii inceptum est Parliamentum apud Westm. ubi convenerunt multi domini et magnates Angliae ; existente tunc in prresentia Regis, Bastard' Burgundiae, cum multis aliis extraneis. — Will. Wyrcestre, Annales, p. 507-8. 2 No notice of this prorogation occurs on the Rolls of Parliament. On Wed nesday, June 3, the first day of meeting, Earl Ryvers and Lord Scales were appointed Triers of Petitions from beyond sea ; and on the third day, when the Commons presented their Speaker, the Earl replied in the Chancellor's absence. — Rot. Pari. v. 571-2. 200 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES The comyng ofthe Lorde Scales to London nobly accompanyed, to doo his armes with the Bastarde. And on the Fryday came the seide Lorde Scales in a barge richely beseen, from Grenewiche foure myle oute of London, where he had taried long and many a day, abidyng the comyng of the seide Bastarde; with many nobles in his companye, ary vid at Seint Kateryns beside the Toure of London' ; where as resceyvid hym the Constable and Marshall', and the Tresourer' of Englond, with many othir noble lordes, knyghtes, squyers in grete noombre, [who] conveide hym thorugh' London' on horsbak in a long gowne of riche clothe of golde tissue; an harauld and a purse vaunte beryng his cotes of armes before hym unto the bisshoppes place of Ely in Holbo'ne. Where he kepte a solempne and a woorshup- fulT housolde, richely beseen' with riche arasse of silke and clothes of goolde. The Chappitre holden at Powlys by the saide Constable for de claration of douptes moved by hym uppon the Chappitres. The saide Constable, aswele the Counseil' of the Lorde Scales as of the Lorde Bastard' beyng present, movid and enquerid, first the councell' of the seide Lorde Scales, yif thir were any doute that they coude fynde in the chappit's of the Lorde Scales to hym sent. The counseil' of the seide Bastard saide that the chappit's were right' goode and honourable, so that thir may no grete difficulte be founde in them; and shewid a like acte of plesaunce doone late before theire sov'aigne lorde the Duke of Bourgone, betwene a knyght' of his and a squyer of Almayne, the which' came to do his armes on horsbak, the hors armed and enforcid with' .iij. long dag gers, oon before and two on the sides. The seide Duke seeyng this, callyng his councell', thought of reson for asmuche as it was but an acte of plesaunce to the augmentacion of the provise of knyght'hode, the which aught to be doon with' mannes hande; ordeyned the seide harneise to be avoidid. And yf any such like cas fell', they reporte them to the Kynges high'nesse and his conn- seill'. Also the seide Bastarde councell' demaundid a question uppon the secunde chappitre of the Armes afoote. Where as it is saide in the seid chapitre IT And we shall' fight with spere, axe, and daggers ; and we shall' caste ichon of us oonly a spere : and than we shall' fight' with' oothir wepyns unto tyme that oon of us be born' to the grounde. Whethir thentent was, that the hande, the knee, or the hole body, shulde be brought' unto the grounde, or oon of them ? It AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 201 was considird by councell' thereof: the Lorde Scales1 that the toon or the toothir shulde be brought to grounde. Also where it was doubted in the seide secunde chapitre upon thee castyng of the spere : It was agreed afore the Constable by the counseil' of bothe pties, that ev'ych' of them shuld cast his spere oonly, accordyng to the seide seconde chappitre, withoute makyng of any oothir defence with' the same. Also afterwarde it was moved by the Constable, by cause of c'tayne ambyguyte to his seemyng concernyng the seide chapt's, to bothe counseil' upon the secunde chapitre on horsbake. Where it is saide : We shall' assemble on hors armed, eche at his plea sure in sadill' of werre withoute arreste [avauntageous2] or malen gyne ; and we shull' ren' withoute any toille, with' grounden spere heedes, oon cours, ich' with' spere oonly. And than' we shull' sett the hondes to the sharpe swerdis, and shall' fight, be it with' the foyne or with' othir strokis, to the vauntage of ev'y pties, to the com- plisshement of xxxvij"- strokes be smyten betwene us two. That,3 yif the case felle that any of the hors were stryken' by any of the parties, that the hors myght not endure, the pfo'myng of the seide armes shuld be accomplisshid or no ? This was answerid by bothe counseil', that neithir the Lorde Scales ne Basterd entende not to hurte any othirs hors : and yif the case fell' so, that it shulde to chaunge and take anothir to accom plisshe the armes. Also in like wise at the pleasire of the Kyng, yif any of theire swerdes fell' from them in rennyng of the saide courses, by infor- tune before they stroke with' them, the seide swerdes to bee restored. Also it was concludid by bothe counseil', that every ch shulde have a man to helpe them to charge theire speres, yif they liked. Also uppon the thrid chapitre, where it is saide : I shall' doo delyv' speres and swerdes, of the which my felowe shall' have the chois : It was concludid by bothe counseil', that aftir the speris be delyverd, evych' to purvey his want plate at his pleasire. Also moved by the Constable of the Vth chappitre. And yif it happenyd (that God defende) that oon of us two be born' to the erthe oute of the sadhT, withoute fall' of the hors, and with' stroke of the spere or of the swerde ; the armes than' shalbe holden' to be accomplisshid. It was answerd by the Bastardes counseill' that it shulde be at the Kynges will'. Also movetU,by the counseil' of the Bastarde, yif any of them 1 Perhaps the true reading is, It was considird thereof, by counselle ofthe Lorde Scales. • A space is left for this word in the MS. 5 Read Whethir. 202 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES wolde charge with an hors the which were terrible to smyte or bite, thorugh' the which' the toon ptye myght prevaile ayens the toothir, and take avauntage by the hors : which' the seide Bast'd counsel! seide that he nevir entendid. Answerde by the Lorde Scales counseil' that he nevir entendid ne purposid to avauntage hym self by the mene of hors, but by his hondis and dewe meane of knyghthode. And yif he had any suche hors he entendid not ne wolde come on his bak, but uttirly refuse hym. Also it was movid by the counseil' [of the Bastarde] yif the cas fell' that any of them by way of fete be put from his swerde, whethir it be leefulF for hym to ley hande on his felowe by the nekke, or avauntage hym in any othir wise ? This was remitted in asmuch' as Marche ' the Kyng of Armes went unto the Lorde Scales and shewid the seide remission, the Lorde Scales sent the foresaide Kyng of Armes unto the Constable of Englond, and chargid hym to say that he wold not be agreable to the seide remission, but that ev'ych myght av^tage hym self with hande and swerde at his desire. And than' the Constable chargid the seide Kyng of Armes to shewe it to the Lorde Bastarde. The Lorde Scales Counseil'. The Erie Douglas, Sir Joh'n Asteley and S' Laurence Rayneforde. The Lorde Bastardes Counseil'. Sir Symon' de la Layn', Mons' G. Launde* de Tholongeon', Mons' Petre de Wassue, Mons' Philip' de Cohane, Mons' Philipp' Bas tard de Braban', Mons' Moferont, Mons' Forestres, Thomyson Dore.a The Kynges comaundement to the Constable to purvey a conve- nyent place for the feelde. Thereupon' the Kyng oure sov'aigne lorde comaundid his Con stable of his Reame of Englonde, to goo to his citee of London' and to take with' hym the Kynges of Armes and Harauldes to purvey a convenyent place for the Armes. And than' the Constable comaun- 1 Noble has said that this office was established by Edward IV. assigning for its province the principality of Wales, with the counties of Devon, Corn wall, and Cheshire : but in another place he has more correctly stated Henry V. to be its founder. He says that the first person who enjoyed it was John Ferraut, Esq. formerly Windsor herald. (History of the College of Arms, p. 64, 61, 64.) The only kings mentioned in Richard the Third's charter of incorporation, are Garter, Clarenseu, Norrey and Gloucestre : see the original, bound up in the Cottonian volume Faustina E. i. 2 Read Claude from Olivier de la Marche. '. A mistake for Thoyson d'Or ; the title of the officer of the Order of the Golden Fleece, principal King of Arms of Burgundy. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 203 did the Maire, and the Maire comaundid thee Sherefes of London, 1 to make the listes : which Sherefes by the comaundement of the Conestable, callyng to hym the Kynges and Herauldes of thoffice of Armes, ordeyned the feld to be made in length' .iiij.xx and x. yerdes, in brede .iiij.xx. The feeld envirounde wl 2 vij. foote and halfe above the grounde, and iij foote in the groude, picchid betwixt ev'y post iij. mortes. In ev'y morteynyng fro post to poste, barres .iij. ynche and half thyk .v. ynch' in brede. The feeld sufficiantly sandid as appteyneth'. The Kynges place judycialT .vj. spaces neerer the west ende than the este ende. The comyng of the Lorde Scales to Seint Barthilmewe joynyng to the Est partye of the feelde to doo his Armes. The x'-h day of Juyne at aftir noone he toke his hors, and w* grete tryumphe and roialtee was conveide with' many noble dukes, erles, barons, knyghtes, squyers, &c\ with mynstrelx, unto Seint Barthilmews joynyng to the Estparty of Smythfeld, where the barrers were made, and loggid there that nyght' to put hym in his devoir of his emprise. The Ordenance of kepyng of the Feelde. The Thursday the xj"' day of Juyn', the Kyng comaundid his Constable and Marchall' to ordeigne and pvide for the kepyng of the seid felde, to be kepte with s jeantes of armes armed : the barrers with' their' men'. The voidyng of the felde with' the Conestable & Marchall'. And aftir the Constable & M'chall' ordeynede the seide feeld to be sett at ev'y othir poste a man' of armes, and at ev'y corner a Kyng of Armes crownyd, and an Harauld or Pursevaunte within the seide feelde, for reporte makyng of actez doon within the same: Garter and othir Kynges of Armes3 and Harauldes to be 1 John Young was Lord Mayor, and John Brown and John Stokton were the Sheriffs. 2 In turning to begin a new line, the word posies seems to have been left out. Stowe's account of the field differs considerably from the statement in this narrative. He says, " the King causing lists to be prepared in West- Smithfield of London for these champions, the length of 120 tailers yards, and tenne foote ; and in breadth eighty yards and ten foote, double-barred, five foote betweene the barres, tbe timber and workmanship whereof cost two hundred marks, besides faire and costly galeries for the ladies and other." — Annates, Edit. 1631, p. 420. 3 From this passage it seems that there were present more than five Kings of Arms. Besides March (already mentioned) and Garter, notices in this reign occur ofthe titles Clarenceux, Norroy, and Ireland. The others were probably the heraldic attendants of the Bastard : Toison d'Or, King of Arms, has been already noticed. This part ofthe MS. was referred to by Anstis, in discussing the antient usage of Kings of Arms to wear their crowns on solemn occasions. (Order ofthe Garter, 1 . 460.) In the passage ofthe Floure and the Leaf referred toby him as containing an instance of this practice, Chaucer describes the Kings 204 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES sett in the scaffolde before the Kyng on the right' hande the staire of the Kynges place judiciall' to make reporte generall', and to marke all' that shuld be doon in the seide feelde. Also [they] ordeyned .iiij. men' of armes to be [ascotes l~] on hors bak, for the deptyng2 of them, when the cas shulde require; two knyghtes & ij. squyers. Thentryng into the felde the day of Bataill'. The saide xj'h day prefixid, the feelde so ordeyned & araide; the Kyng sittyng in his estate in his place judiciall' in the felde, with' many noble lordes aboute hym, grete noombre of noblesse and com- yners assemblid aboute the feelde : * the seide right' noble and wor shupfull' knyght and lorde, Sir Antony Wodevile the Lorde Scales and of Nucelles &c\ royally beseen' upon horsbak, clene armed, ix folowers folowyng hym richely trappid and beseene, came to the barres. Before hym borne two helmes : the toon bere the right' high' and myghty prince, the Duke of Clarence the Kynges eldest of Arms, Heralds, and Pursuivants, as wearing only " chapelets of giene on hire hedes ;" the crowns mentioned were borne on their scochones. 1 Scouts. A space for this word is left in the MS. 2 Separating. 3 The array of the spectators has been thus minutely described by Olivier de la Marche. "The King Edward of England had caused the lists to be prepared, great and pompous, and for his own person was made a lodge (maisonj very great and very spacious ; and this lodge was made in such a manner, that there was an ascent by steps to tbe upper part where the King was. He was clothed in purple, having the garter on his thigh, and a thick staff (gros baton) in his hand : and truly he seemed a person well worthy to be King, for he was a fine Prince, and great, and well behaved. An Earl held the sword before him, a little on one side : and around his seat were twenty or twenty-five Counsellors, all with white hair (tous Manes de cheveleures) ; and they resembled Senators set there together to counsel their master. The Earl of Worcester (Volsestre) held the place of Constable; and he was accompanied by the Marshal of England, and knew well how to perform his office. Coming down from the "hourd," there were three hourds on this side and on that side ofthe said steps. In the first were Knights ; in the second were Esquires ; and in the third were the Archers ofthe Crown, each with a pike (voulge) in his hand : and at the foot of the said steps there were two seats, one for the Constable, and the other for the Marshal. And on the opposite side of the lists, was a hourd, not so high as the King's lodge ; to lodge the Mayor of London, and the Alder men (Hondremans) serving for that year. Soon after the King was seated in his seat (chaize), which was made very fine to see, the Mayor of London, accompanied by the Aldermen and persons of the Law, entered into the lists, the sword before him, and proceeded towards (lira conlre) his hourd ; and in passing before the King there was no other difference, but that he who bore the sword before the Mayor, when the Mayor and all the others went on their knees, put the point downward in token of humility, and then raised himself quickly : and the Mayor of London went to put himself in the hourd ordained for him, and abode there to see the arms, having always the sword before him, And immediately the guards of the lists, to wit, eight men of arms, well mounted and well armed, made their entry in the said lists, by leave of the Constable, who ordered them what they should do." — Memoires, p. 489-90. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 205 brothir ; the toothir the right noble and worshipful! lorde, the Erie of Arundell' : Therle of Kent, the Lorde Herry of Bukyng ham, the Lorde Hereberd, and the Lorde Stafforde, ev'ych' of them [beryng] oon of the wepens ; that is to say the twoo speres, and the two swerdes. The Constable and Marchall' comyng to the barres, than by the Kynges comaundement askid the cause of his comyng. The Lorde Scales answered and seide, to accomplisshe and pforme the Actes comprisid in Articl'es by hym unto the Bas tarde of Bourgon sent. The Kyng certified of the same by the Constable and M'chall', comaundid hym to entre the feeld. The Kyng sittyng in his estate, the lordes aboute hym ; the seide Lorde Scales entrid the feeld with the seide ix. folowers so richely be seen; and came before the Kynges high'nes and did hym reverence as appteyned, and retrayed to his pavylon' in the southest corner of the felde before richely sett. l Here folow ith' the Ornaments of the Trapperes of the Lorde Scales in pfourmyng his Acte in Smythfeeld." The first hors. First. His owne hors, trappid in a di trappe of white cloth' of goolde, with' a crosse of Seint George of crymsyn velewet, bordird with' a frenge of golde half foote long. The secunde hors, in a juste cloos trappere of velewet tawny, accomplisshid with' many grete belles. The thrid hors trappid in russet damaske unto the foote, pow- dird with' two letters of his device cowchid with' goldsmythis warke, and poudird richely. The fourth hors trappid in a di trappre of pourpill' damaske, sumyd with' gentilwoomen gyrdilF enforcid with' goldesmythwerke, bordurid with' blewe cloth of goolde, and half foote brode and more. 1 " Soon after, Monsieur d'Escalles came to the entry of the lists, and the Constable went in front of him and asked what he sought ; and he answered that he came to present himself before the King of England, his sovereign lord to do and accomplish the arms which he had undertaken against the Bastard of Burgundy ; and hereupon opening was made to him. And Iruly he was richly armed and mounted, and had ten or twelve horses in trappings (chevaux de pa- reure) very richly covered : and after his presentation made before the King, he turned from his person into a little tent, which was set for him there." Olivier de la Marche, p. 490-1. 2 Next after hem [ther] came in armour bright, All, save hir hedes, semely knightes nine ; And every claspe and naile, as to my sight, Of hir harneis were of red golde fine; With cloth of gold, and furred with ermine, Were the trappoures of hir stedes strong, Wide and large, that to the ground did hong. Chaucer's Flouerand Leaf, 239 — 245. p 206 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES The v. hors trappid to the foote in blewe velewet, the which' was suttilly made with' plites of satyn crymsyn along the trappir, thorugh' chargid with goldsmythis werke, with' a bordure of vel ewet upon velewet grene prillid golde, half foote brode. The vj. hors trappid in a di trappir of clothe of golde crymsyn, furrid with fyne sables, and bordurid a foote and an half deepe of the same withoute. The vij. hors trappid with' grene damaske to the foote, sumyd with thatire of gentilwomen of Fraunce, chargid with goldsmythis warke, bordurid with' russet cloth' of golde of half foote brode. The viij. hors trappid in a demy trappir of tawny damaske. The ix. hors trappid in a long trappir of ermynes, bordurid w' crymesyn velewet, sumyd with' tasselles of golde. Also on ev'y hors a page of his, abilyde in mantelles of grene velewet embrow- dird with' gooldsmythis werke, richely made. And this for the first day. The descripcion of his Pavylon. Also the Pavylon' of double blewe saton, richely embrowdird with his letters ; the valence thereof embrowdird with' his woorde ' fixid on tymbir werke removable on ev'y quarter. A banner of dy v's his armes in the toppe. A banner fixid of his hole armes. The noombir of the banners on the pavylon .viij. And Seint Georges banner' fixid in the poste of the listes beside the Kynges tente on the right hande, with xv. banners rowes sett on ev'y othir poste of the seide felde, conc'nyng the armes of dyv's lordshippes accordyng to the lyneall' petigree of his discent, with' a bannere. The comyng in of the Bastarde. 2 In like wise came to the barrers the Basterde on horsbak, with vij. folowers richely beseene. The first his owne hors harneysid was with a riche goodly fassion of crymesyn', garnysshid with long swagid belles of silv', ev'ych' othir swagid gilte. The secunde hors was ledd in hande afore hym with' .iiij. knyghtes, covird with a trapper of his armes richely. 1 It has not been discovered what was the word or motto used by Lord Scales. 2 Ther mayst thou see devising of harneis So uncouth and so riche, and wrought so wele Of goldsmythry, of brouding, and of stele ; The sheldes brighte, testeres, and trappures, Gold-hewen helmes, hauberkes, cote-armures, Lordes in parementes on hir courseres, Knightes of retenue, and eke squieres. — Chaucer's Knightes Tale, C.T. 2498—2504. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 207 The thrid hors trappid next folowyng hym, in a trappir of ermynes unto the foote ; and the raynes of fyne sables. The iiij. hors, coovird with bardes of courbuly, l richely coo- vird with' cloth' of goolde. The v. hors, covird with a trappir of crymesyn velewet to the foote, sumyd with' devise of yes2 of goldsmythis werke full' of larmes. The vj. hors was coovird in cloth of silvyr, fyne pourpre, unto the foote. The vij. hors was trappid in grene velewet powdird with barba- cans richely made. The viij. hors was trappid in fyne sables to the foote ; and the reynes of army ns. Also his pages were araide in juste gownes of violet coloure, with ij. plites in white and on yelowe garnysshid with goolde- smythis werke. The seide Bastarde demaundid at the porters, by the Kynges licence entird the felde, before hym the Duke of Suthfolke beryng his helmet, with' many noble of his counseil', came before the Kyng sit- tyng in his estate, and said : — "Right high', right myghty, and right' exceUent prynce, I am come hidre afor' yor p'sence as my Juge in this ptie, to accomplisshe and fulfill' thactes of armes conteyned in certeigne chappitres to me sende by the Lorde Scales, undir the seal of his armes, that here is." The Kyng undirstondyng, yafe hym leve and licence to pforme it &c'. Than he deptid to the place where his pavylon' shuld have ben', and helmed hym opynly. In the mene while were the speres and swerdes brought' before the Kyng : both counseil' sent for, the seide speris and swerdis dely- verd to the Bastarde to have the chois1 of ev'ych'. 3 And so had, the 1 Chaucer says ofthe armour worn by Sire Thopas, " His jambeux were of cuirbouly." (C. T. 13804.) — Cuir bouilli was boiled leather. Tyrwhitt cites Froissart, saying, that the Saracens covered their shields with it, because, if well prepared, no steel could pierce it. — Bardes of Courbuly were barbes, or horse trappings, made of boiled leather. 2 Overlaid with a devise of eyes full of tears; wrought in'gold. 3 "Then soon after came the Bastard of Burgundy, who in like manner asked entry, which the ' Admiral' granted to him ; and he presented himself before the King, to furnish the arms. And you must know he was very pompously accoutred, aud had twelve horses covered [only nine are described in the text] some with cloth of gold, some with goldsmith's work, others with ' velours' charged with bells, and others covered with (murtres) which they call sables, as fine and as black as could be found : others were covered with ' brodures' very richly made. The pages were clothed in the same, as it belonged : and truly this was a rich 'suite,' and what the King gladly saw, (veil voulon- tiers.) His presentation being made, he retired into a little tent made for him ; and the wonted cries and prohibitions (deffences) were quickly made ; 208 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES proclamacion made at iiij. corners of the felde in fourme that folowith'. The Proclamacion. Sith it is so that the moost cristen and victorious prynce oure liege lorde Edwarde the iiij11' by the grace of God Kyng of Eng lond and of Fraunce and Lorde of Irlond, hath' licencid and admit- tid the right' noble and worshupfull' lordes and knyghtes, the Lorde Scales and of Nucelles brothir to the moost high' and excel lent pryncesse the Queene oure soveraigne lady, and the Basterd of Bourgon' Erie of Roche and Lorde of Bevere and Bev'esse, to furnysshe certeyne dedes of armes such as bee comprisid in cer- teigne articl'es delyverd unto his highnesse1 by the seide Bastarde, seald by the seide Lorde Scales with the seall' of his armes, for the augmentacion of marciall' disciplyne and knyghtly honoure, neces- sarye for the tuicion of the feith catholique ayenst heretikes and miscreantes,2 and to the defence of the right' of kynges and princes and theire estates publiques : — for so moche we charge and co- maunde you, on the behalfe of oure moost drad Soveraigne Lorde here presente, and on my Lordes the Constable and MarschalT, that no maner of man' of what estate degree or condicion he bee of, approche the listes, saufe such as be assigned, nor make any noise murmr or shoute, or any othir maner tokyn' or signe whereby the seide right' noble and worshupfull' lordes & knyghtes which' this day shall' doo their' armes within theise listes, or eithir of them, shall' move, be troublid or comfortid ; uppon payne of em- prisonement and fyne and raunson at the Kynges will'. The saide proclamacion made as is aforesaide, — The Constable comaundid an harauld to crye. Lessez aler'. And than' they ranne a cours coragiousely, seekyng the toon the toodir ; which' cope shuld have ben' as ferfoorth' as the Kynges judiciall' sete was; and failid bothe unhit. And than' the Lorde Scales voidid his spere, bavioure, and gardebrase, and the garde of his and there were carried before the King by two Earls, two lances, and two swords, of one fashion and of one greatness, (for the Lord Scales by the chapters was bound to deliver the weapons to the choice of his adversary,) and the King sent the said weapons to the Bastard of Burgundy to choose the better for himself. The Bastard of Burgundy chose quickly enough; and the two weapons which he chose were put into the hands of two Officers of Arms, who held them outside of the pavilion until he was ready to leap forth : and after the cries and ceremonies done, the champions laid hold of (furent saisis de) the lances and swords ordained for them." Olivier de la Marche, p. 491. 1 The King. 2 Migcreantes, male credentts, lT£po8o£oi. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 209 wambrase : l and the Bastarde voidid his also. Notwithstondyng the seide Lorde Scales was soonner redy : wherefor he sought the Bas- terd ferthiron the grounde, and assailid hym wl a foyne2 aboute the nekke. And the seide Basterde stroke an egge stroke uppon his helmet. And the Bastarde hors hede havyng upon hym a cham- fron,3 smote ayen the Lorde Scales sadill' ; and so with' these strokes the Bastarde with his hors went to the grounde. Then the Lorde Scales seeyng hym downe, turhyd aboute hym, holdyng up' his swerde : and then' seeyng that he coude not rise, rode streight' and hght' before the Kyng, and made take of his trapper, shewyng that his hors had no chamfron' nor peser' of Steele. And than' the Kyng comaundid to take up' the seide Bastarde : and then' he came before the Kyng. And where before the Constable at Poules it was agreed that yif any hors faillid it shulde bee leefull' to his maister to have anothir ; he was demaundid whethir he so wolde : his answere was, that it was no seasyn'. Then' the Kyng co maundid hym to go to theire loggyng." 1 Bavioare is the same as beaver. The Gardebrase was that part of the armour which covered the arm from the shoulder to the elbow ; as the wambrace or avant-bras, from the elbow to the wrist. 2 Foyne, a stroke or push with the point of the sword. 3 Chamfron is the armour for a horse's nose and cheeks. (Meyrick, Gloss. in v. Chamfrenum.) All our chroniclers have misrepresented the action de scribed iu the text : the following is the account given by Fabyan, who died in 1512, and was almost contemporary. " In the moneth of Juny folowynge were certayne actes and featys of warre doone in Smythfelde, atwene Sir Anthony Wydevyle called Lord Scalys, upon that one partye, and the Bastarde of Bur goyne chaleugour on that other partye ; of whiche the Lorde Scalys wanne the honour. For the seyde Bastarde was, at the firste course rennynge with sharpe sperys, overthrowen horse and man ; which was by the rage of the horse of the sayd Bastarde, and nat by vyolence of the stroke of his enemy, and by a pyke of iron standynge upon the fore parte of the sadyll ofthe lorde Scalys, wherwith the horse beynge blynde of the Bastarde, was stryken into the nose thrylles, and for payne therof mounted so hyghe upon the hinder feet, that he fyl back- warde.''— Chronicle, edited by Ellis, 1811, p. 655-6. 4 " So they put the lances into the arrests, and ran that course without reaching or overtaking one another: but in the return which they made, and when they had taken their swords in their hands, the horse of Monsieur the Bastard struck his head against the ' haue' ofthe saddle ofthe Lord Scales, and with this stroke the horse killed himself outright (se tua» lout roide); and Monsieur the Bastard fell under his horse, with his sword in his hand. And quickly the King of England made them raise him up ; and he showed himself much enraged against the said Lord Scales, for that he thought that he had committed falseness in the furniture of his horse : yet he had not, but this stroke and this fall happened by mischance, and as I have described. And the King granted them leave (leur donna) for this time ; and my said Lord the Bastard returned to his lodging, and said to me at going into his chamber, ' Doubt not : he has fought a beast to-day, and to-morrow he shall fight a man.' And at that hour came the Constable, from the King, to know if be were at all wounded : but Monsieur the Bastard answered that he thanked the King, and that he bad no wound, but was ready to do bis arms on foot on the morrow, praying that it might please the King to grant him so."— Olivier de la Marche, p. 491-2. 210 TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES The Armes doon of foote the s'c'de day. In the morough' next aftir, the xjth day of Juyn', before the Kyng in the same feelde ; the seide Lorde Scales armed all' save his basenet, his cote on his bak as he did fight upon horsbak, richely beseen', came unto the porte of the seide feelde ; his hors trappid to the foote in crymsyn velvet, with vij. targes embrowdird with dyvers his armes of his discent, and oon of all' the hole armes coupbled, fixid on the bak of the seide hors ; the seide trapper sumyd with garters richely made and bourdrid withe frenge of goolde. Also thir folowid hym viij. coursours ; and upon, viij. pages abiled richely in goldsmythis werke ; the seide hors ' har- neisid in harneis of oon sute. The Duke of Clarence beryng his basenet : Therle of Arundell', Therle of Kent, the Lorde Herry of Bokyngham, M' Bourghchier, the Lorde Herberd, the Lorde Staf ford ; ev'ych' of them' beryng oon of the wepyns : that is to say, two castyng speres, ij axes and ij daggers. The Constable as be fore demaundyng the cause of his comyng; he answeryng, to pfourme his Armes on foote in Articles sent to the Bastarde of Bourgon ; the Kyng certified thereof, Hcencid hym to coome into the felde. He there lightyng, came in before the Kyng accompa nyed with' many noble lordes ; dooyng his dewe reverence to his highnes, resortid to his Pavilon' richely beseene of velewet paly, blewe and tawny ; the valence of the seide tente crymesyn' cloth' of goolde; the seide pavylon' beryng in fassion .viij. squares, on ev'ych corner a banner ficchid of his armes ; upon the pomell' of the seide pavylon', a gryifyn' of golde holdyng a banner' of his hole armes : his banner holdyn' by Clarenceux Kyng of Armes before his tente. The Bastarde come ridyng to the barres, and there light', wor- shupfully accompanyed ; before hym the Duke of Suffolk, Therle of Shrewysbury, the Lorde Mountjoy, S' Thomas Mongomery, with many othir lordis : demaundid at the porte of the listes by the Con stable as byfore, by the Kynges licence entrid, and came before the Kyng syttyng in his magestee justifieng the feeld ; and there with dewe reverence shewid the cause of his comyng, to accomplisshe his seconde Armes as before ; and resortid to his pavylon' fixid in feld, in a long gowne of blewe veluet aboute hym, and legge harnesshid, his armes beyng afore in his pavilon', which was of white and pur- pill' damaske paly ; the pomell' 2 of the seide pavylone, gold ; the 1 Hurs, plural, for horses. * The pomelle means a round ball at the summit of the tent. Chaucer says that the horse of Arcita "pight him on the pomel of his hed ;" pitched him on his crown to the earth. AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. 211 valence ofthe seide tente, grene velvet, embrowdird with' his worde, that is to say, fjull' m t» inte. And in the meane tyme, the wepyns were p'sentid to the Kyng; the counseil' of bothe pties beyng p'sente. The Kyng beholdyng' the castyng speres right jepdous and right plious, saide, in as muche as it was but an acte of plesaunce, [he] wolde not have noon suche myschevous wepens usid before [hym] ; and comaundid the seide speres to be leide aparte, and ordeyned the toothir wepens, that is to sey, axes and daggers : the Bastarde to have the chois, accordyng to the Articl'es conteyned in the chapitre. And then incontinent aftir the pclamacion made as before, the Constable of Englond visitid first the Lorde Scales in his tente, and founde him redy : and than' went unto the Kyng, and shewid that he was redy. And then went the seide Lorde Constable to the Lorde Basterd in his tente. And whan he had so visitid bothe, and shewid them by ij. Kynges of Armes, the Constable then sit- tyng in the place hym assigned, the seide Kynges of Armes shew yng of them at oo tyme to oothir to p'sente theire charges unto the lordes pavylons waytyng up on the Jesses aler'- all' at oo tyme, the Kyng of Armes spake theis wordes the tyme of lesses aler'. nowe is comaundid to be cried. And then' at the seide Kyng of Armes comyng before the place judiciall', the Kyng comaundid the lesses aler'. And right as the Kyng of Armes made the crye, the Lorde Scales openyd his pavylon'; and at the s'c'de lesses aler' entrid into the felde oute of his tente, and gafe a tarying & bode ; and gafe contenaunce that he was redy with hande & fote & axe, in asmuche as he leide his axe upon his shuldre, and eftsones chaungid his axe from honde to hande. And then they avaunsed : and so right' afore the Kyng, either assaillid othir in suche wise, as the Lorde Scales at the recountre with' the poynte of his axe stroke thorugh' oon of the ribbes of the Bastardes plates ; as the seid Basterd shewid hym aftir the feeld. And so they fought togidre; the Lorde Scales with the hede of his axe afore, the toothir with' the small end ; and smote many grete combres and thik strokes ; till' at the laste that they fill' towardes a closse, at which' tyme the Lorde Scales stroke hym in the side of the visern' of his basenet. Then the Kyng pceyvyng the cruell' assaile, cast his staff, and with' high' voice, cried, Whoo ! Notwithstondyng' in the departyng there was yoven .ij. or .iij. grete strokes ; and oon of the ascotes stafes brake be twene them'. And they, so departid, were brought' afore the Kynges gode grace. The Lorde Scales fought' with his visern opyn ; which was thought jepdous : the Lorde Bastard fought closid, and there openyd it. And so they were brought up before 212 TOURNAMENT, &C. the Kyng. He commaundid them ych' to take othir by the handes, and to love toogedirs as brethirs in armes ; which they so did. And there they immediatly yafe yche to othir as courteis godely and frendely langage as coude be thought' ; and went to- gidre into the middes of the felde . And there departid iche man' to his loggyng. Finis &cV 1 " And on the morrow, at the hour appointed, appeared in the field Mons. the Bastard and Mons. d'Escalles; and my said Lord the Bastard was always accompanied with the Duke of Suffolk, who very heartily accompanied him; and after cries and ceremonies done, Mons. d'Escalles sent three kinds of wea pons to present to the King, to furnish and achieve these arms on foot : and of these weapons the Bastard was to have the choice. The two first were two lances to throw, and two Knights bore them : the second were two axes, and two Barons bore them : the third weapons were two ' dagues,' and two Earls bore them. And when these weapons were presented to the King, the King withheld in his hands the two casting-lances, and the four other wea pons he sent to Mons. the Bastard, to take his choice according to the contents of the chapters. Mons. the Bastard kept one axe and one dagger, and the rest were brought by the Constable to Mons. d'Escalles. And there came the foot- scouts (les e'coutes de pie), to wit, six men of arms on foot, in good array, each having a staff of wood in his hand. The Bastard of Burgundy was dressed with his coat of arms, of Burgundy, with a bar traverse, to show that he was a bastard ; and the Lord Scales had his coat of arms on his back, and bore his axe on his neck and in guize of an " espieu," and came crying ' Saint George !' three times. The champions set together fiercely, and assailed one another with great courage : and this battle was very fine ; I never saw fight with axes so fiercely : and surely Mons. the Bastard showed well that he was a true knight, experienced in arms and in craft. And they were both taken and parted one from the other, without much hurt : and thus were these arms done and accomplished. And in truth, I saw afterward the harness of Mons. d'Escalles, where Mons. the Bastard had made great gashes with the under-point of his axe, (de la dague de dessous de sa hache) : aud as to the daggers that were given to them, they did not use them in this battle. And so the champions took leave of the King, and went away both at one time from the lists, their axes on their necks, to show that they had not been unweaponed : and so each retired to his lodging." — Olivier de la Marche, p. 492-3. Fabyan's account of this celebrated tournament is remarkable for its brevity. "Upon the secund daye they mett there agayne upon fote, and fawgth wyth theyr axis a fewe strokis. But when the Kyng sawe that the Lord Scalys hadd avauntage of the Bastard, as the poynt of his axe in the vysour of his enemyes helmett, and by force thereof was lykly to have born hym ovyr ; the Kyng in hast cryed to such as hadd the rule of the fyeld, that they shuld departe theym. And for more spede of the same, cast doune a warderer which he then held in his hand. And soo were they departid to the honour of the Lord Scalys for both dayes ."— Fabyan, MS. Cotton. Nero c. xi. f. 416. Ellis' edition, p. 656. 213 CHALLENGES TO PERFORM FEATS OF ARMS AFTER THE TOURNAMENT BETWEEN LORD SCALES AND THE BASTARD OF BURGUNDY. The English Chronicles 1 give no particulaxs of the feats of arms performed on three successive days after the grand tournament between Lord Scales and the Bastard of Burgundy. Some information is however afforded by the Latin annals attributed to William of Wyrcestre ; 2 which, though slender, is satis factory, and agrees with an account preserved in the Memoires of Olivier de la Marche, in the passages immediately following those which have been given as illustrative notes to the narrative of the tournament. A translation of them, which will complete the account given by that eye-witness, will therefore serve as the most proper introduction to the documents relative to these actions, which are furnished by tbe Lansdowne MS. 285, wherein they follow the correspondence between Lord Scales and the Bastard. "As for the King of England and the Queen/' says the venerable Burgundian, " they had caused a supper to be prepared [on the second day of the tourna ment] in the Mercers' Hall 3 (en la Grange des Merciers) ; and thither came the ladies : and I assure you that I saw sixty or four-score ladies, of such noble houses that tbe least was the daughter of a Baron. And the supper was great and plen tiful; and Mons. the Bastard and his people feasted greatly and honourably. 1 Fabyan says — " Upon the morow foluyng, & other dayes, were certayn actes of warre doon atwene dyvers gentilmen of this land, and certayn of the said Bastardis servauntes ; of the which alsoo the Englysh men wan the ho nour." MS.fo.416b- 2 " Et die Junii, in prsesencia Domini Regis, in Smythfeld, infra liceas, Dominus de Scalys et Bastard' Burgundiae equites, volenter sed non valenter insimul lanceis cum gladiis insimul congressi sunt : equo Bastard veloci suo cursu contra sellam ferratam Domini de Scalys, capite offenso, subito sessorem et se dedit resupinum. Secundaque die in eodem campo, ut nobiles pugiles ambo pugnaverunt; accepitque Rex querelam in manibus suis, dans aequalem honorem ambobus. Et in0 die congressi sunt pedestres in campo, in prsesencia Regis, Lodowicus Bretailles cum Burgundiae ; deditque Rex honorem ambobus; attamen Bretailles habuitse melius in campo. Et alio die sequenti congressi sunt in campo ibidem, equites cum acutis lanceis Thomas de la Launde Gascon' contra Boton' Burgund. idemque Thomas de la Launde magis audacter et horribiliter se habuit. Et ecce subito venerunt nova Domino Regi, quod dictus Philippus Dux Burgundies, apud Briges die ejusdem mensis Junii obiit : unde dictus Bastardus cum extraneis, cito, accepta licencia a Rege, muneribusque datis, reversi sunt in Flandriam."— W. de Wyrc. Annales, p. 509. These extracts have been collated with the original MS. in the Heralds' College, Arundel 48. 3 Application having been made to the Court of the Mercers' Company for permission to examine their records for a notice of this entertainment, an an swer has been returned, that they have no records of so early a date, and they presume that they were destroyed in the Fire of London. Their hall was pro bably chosen for this auspicious feast, because the mercantile connexion of England with Burgundy chiefly consisted in the trade of the Mercers of Lon don. Their foreign agent at that time and for thirty years before was William Caxton ; who was employed on one occasion to negotiate a continuance of the truce on the part of the English government, in 1464 ; (Rymer, xi. 536.) 214 CHALLENGES TO PERFORM " On the morrow Messire Jehan de Chassa and a Gascon Esquire named Louis de Beetelles, servant of Mons. d'Escalles, did arms on foot: and they accomplished these arms without hurting one another much. And on the morrow they did arms on horseback ; wherein Messire Jehan de Chassa had great ho nour, and was held for a good runner at the lance. And on the morrow Messire Philippe Bouton did arms against an Esquire ofthe King. This Esquire was a Gascon, and was named Thomas de la Lande ; and this Thomas was a fine com panion [in arms], and a good man. And between them arose a question : for those who served Messire Philippe Bouton, said that the arrest of Thomas de la Lande was too advantageous. So he was viewed by the King's people ; and they found that it was true ; wherefore the King was not content. Nevertheless they went on to finish their arms, and each did the best that he could, as is usual in such case. And thus were the arms achieved, on one part and the other. And Mons. the Bastard prayed the ladies to dine on Sunday, and especially the Queen and her sisters : and he made a great rout (desroy) and a great prepara tion. And Thomas de Loreille baillif of Caen, and I, set off to go into Bre- taigne, to perform our embassy ; and we came to " Pleume" (Plymouth ?) wait ing for the wind, and for ships to pass us over into Bretaigne. And at this time came the news to Mons. the Bastard in England, that the Duke of Burgundy was dead : and you must know that the said Bastard when he heard of the death of his father, mourned greatly, and all the nobles that were with him. So their pleasures were changed into griefs and tears. — (Here follows a mile character of the Duke.) Thus did the Duke Philip of Burgundy two things to the extreme : for he died all liberal, and all rich ; and he passed from this world the 15th day of June, in the year 1467. And the Bastard of Bur gundy took leave of the King of England and of the Queen and of the ladies; very mournfully ; and his provisions were lost, and the purpose of the festivity was defeated : and so he returned to Bruges, where he found the Comte de Cha- rolois (whom we now call the Duke of Burgundy), who made him great cheer.''1 That these feats of arms did not arise out of the occasion, but were prede termined, appears from the correspondence following these remarks. The origi nator was one of those who fought on the first day, namely Louis de Bretaillez, one of the retinue of Lord Scales ; of whom nothing more was hitherto known, than that in 1473 he accompanied his master into Spain, and lent to him a book which his lordship afterwards (being then Earl Rivers) translated and published, under the title ofthe Dictes.and Sayings ofthe Philosophers.2 The following petition (from the original in the Tower,) granted by the King's sign manual on the 8th of April 1455, gives further particulars of him, twenty-two years before the actions at present under consideration. Med q'd ista bill' lib'at' fuit d'no Cane' Angl' apud Westm' viij die April' anno r. r' Henrici sexti tricesimo t'cio exequend'. _ To the Kyng' our' sov'ein lord. R. 11. Byseken mekely your' pou' obeissantz & subgetz Johan de Castendet esquier and Bernard' de la Borde Gaillardon de la Roque Pousset de Soulle gascoiis s'vantz to tbe Erie of Longuille and to his son the Erie of Kendale the whiche 1 Olivier de la Marche, Memoires, p. 493—4, 2 Biographia Britannica, by Kippis, iii. 360. FEATS OF ARMS. 215 bysekers have poursewet to youre hieghnesse and to your noble conseil for a p'soner yt was sent in to this reame by therle of Shrewesbury (whom God assoile) named S'r Oliver Coettein, the whiche prisoner Loys de Bretaillez esquier &, yor liegeman toke & seised at thentryng of the said Erie of Shrewesbury in to youre Citee of Bourdeux, and by cause the said Loys was sith' taken & yet lyse in p'son, your saide byseker Johan de Castendet broth'r of armez to the said Loys with l'res from the said Erie of Longuille certifying' to youre saide hiegh'nesse & conseil the treuth' of this mater poursewet that this said p'soner shuld have ben taken & put in to yor hande of justice til det'miacion' & jugem't of lawe of armes were passed ther on, but not withstandyng' thait said porsewte the Erie of Shrewesbury that now is has put the said p'sonier to (finance & raunson and de- livert hym out of this reame. That hit please youre Roialle Majeste to grant your said bysekers your licence & congie to passe out of this reame to go in to the reame of Arragon' to the said Erie of Longuille with' thair twoe s'vant & on page in thair ffeliship' with ij amblyng' hakeneys for the forsaid Erie of Longuille and thay shal pray God for yor ful noble & ful excellent estat. In the month of June 1466, while great expectations were entertained ofthe Bastard's coming in the following October, to announce which, Burgoyne the herald had been despatched hither, a conversation about the intended feats of arms arose in the King's house. It being mentioned that some of the Bastard's companions would wish to prove their prowess at the same time, a noble knight said that Sir John de Chassa, one of the Bastard's chief friends, would surely come and desire to do so. The commendations bestowed on him, were doubled by a certain lady, who said that she had seen him in England, and should be delighted with any gentleman that would engage with so brave a knight. Bre- taylles had been long a " prisoner" to this lady, and felt " his heart leap for joy" at hearing this. Having found the means of obtaining her favour, he determined to lose no time in securing it ; so he procured the King's licence to challenge Chassa, and instantly wrote a letter to him, on the 16th of June, submitting an abstract of the intended articles to the correction or approbation of his adver sary : the proposed prize was the gauntlet of the vanquished, who should be dis qualified to wear another during his lady's pleasure. Nucelles1 the pursuivant delivered the letter at Brussels seven days afterwards ; and Sir John wrote an answer on the 27th, in which, with many compliments, he declared his acceptance of the challenge, and the approbation of the Duke his master, by whose permis sion, and the consent of his lady, he had three years before undertaken an em prise to perform arms, but was prevented by the Crusade 2 and other military employments. He suggested an alteration in the proposed mode of combat; namely, that the French fashion of fighting on foot on the first day, and on horseback on the second, was preferable, because of the dangers and fatigue of the latter. When the Bastard was at length ready to come into England, and his brave companions had prepared for the voyage, Philip Bouton, first esquire to the Count de Charoloys, obtained his andthe Duke's licence to do arms, and attached to his right arm an emprise of a fleur de pense'e, which, when he should arrive in England, he would openly display, having got the King of England's permis sion thereunto. His " challenge," which is addressed to English gentlemen in 1 Lord Scales's pursuivant, probably Thomas Whiting. See before, p. 175. 2 Against the Turks. See before, p. 173 ; where both of the Burgundian champions on this occasion are mentioned as having been hindered by the wars from coming to Lord Scales. o 2 216 CHALLENGES TO PERFORM general, contains eight articles, for five courses at the lance, to be run within six days after the combat of the Bastard ; the prize for which should be a fair dagger to be presented to the lady of the victor. The document was signed and sealed on the 1st of May 1467, and was probably published when the company arrived in London on the 5th of June following. The justs were performed, by Bre- taylles and Chassa, on -Saturday and Sunday, June 13th and 14th; and by Bouton and Thomas de la Lande, on Monday, June 15th 1467. LE CHALLENGE LOYS DE BRUTALLIS. A treshonnoure Chevali'r messire Jehan de Chassa. Treshonnoure Ch'l'r je me recomande a vous tant et si aifectu- eusemet que faire le puis, pour ce que long tempz a mon coer a ' este oblige et prison'r a une noble dame de hault pris costraint come s'viter, suis forcie vous escripre et faire scavoir que a la venue de Bourgne le Herault en cest Royme moy estant en lostel de t'shault trespuissat et t'sexcellent prynce le Roy Dengleterre et de Fraunce mon souveraygne sr, entre plusours seignours et dames et autres nobles tfHint ch'l's quescuyers a graunde noumbre, entre autres leurs comunicatios comencieret a parlir de mon seignoure le Bastarde de Burg"e en louat grandement sez haulz et chevallereux faiz. Disans maintenat, verros no' en cest Royalme venir avecq grand noblesse monsr le Bastarde de Burg"e pur furnir et acomplir lez armez avec mon sr de Scalles, et determinoiet entre eulx qe puis que tant auroit s de noblez homez dung coste et dautr' quilz ne doubtoiet point quaucuns ne voulsessent esprouver et maintenir faiz de ch'l'rie. Or advint ainsi que ung ch'l'r de grand' noblesse prist lez parolles, et dist : 11 y a ung ch'l'r nome messire Jehan de Chassa, qui est solon ce q' lon dist, ung dez aymiz et principaux de mosr le Bastarde, et au quel il se fie moult ; et sil y a nul qui rien face, ce sera celui. Car il a este en plusours longtains roialmes pour ac- querir pris et honeur, et aussi a este en ce pais aultrefoiz, et sanz nulle faulte il ne demourra point quil ne veigne avecq mos' le Bastard'. Et adoncq celle dame a qui suis prisonier, prist a dire, etrespondit .- Vraiemet, dist celle, Jay veu celuy chevalier que vous veistes en cestui Royeme et oy dire de luy ce quen peult dire de noble chivalier; et je vouldroie que ascune gentil home luy requist aucunez armez de faire en cest Royme pour lez acomplir a la venue de mosr le Bastarde : et en verite sil y avoit aucun qui le feist, Je luy en scaurois tresbon gree ; car selon mon advis, le dit messire Jehan de Chassa est tel, par qui, tous chevallereux faiz doivent estre 1 The word a seems to be needless. 2 In the MS. the final letters, e, r, s, I, and z, are confounded ; here it is written auroir, and farther on doubtoier, and voulsesseur. Such mistakes are mostly corrected without notice. FEATS OF ARMS. 217 maintenus et acomplis. Lors quand je oys parler celle a laq'lle me suis du tout done, et est tout en esperans, et par laquelle Jen- tenx davoir tout mon bien et honeur, mon coeur tressaillit 1 de joie : et dis en moy mesmez, q' mainten'unt Javois attaint ce que grand' tempz a avoir pourchassie, cestascavoir, trouver moien de faire quelque chose plaisante a mad'c'e dame, pour acquerir sa grace : car elle est telle, et si plaine de to9 biens, que trop' chieremet sa grace ne porroit estre acquise. Sy pensay de faire le plaisir et comaundemet de elle le plus secretemet quil me seroit possible, doubtant que aulcun aultre ne se meist devat moye : car ne peult estre que plu sours ne desirent estre sez serviters. Et incontinet men allay2 en la presence du Roy mon souverayne seigno'e, et luy suppliay tres- humblemet quil luy pleust de sa bone grace (tant pour lez ser- vicez que luy avois faiz, come pour ceulx que Jentendois luy faire) moy ottroier et licencier que je vo9 evoissa certainz chappitres con- tenans certaines armes tant a cheval come a pied, por lez faire et acomplir encontre vous en cest Royme Dengleterre, a la venue de mosr le Bastard'. La quelle chose le Roy mond' souveraine seig- nour benignement mottroia, dout treshumblemet remerciay sa ma- jeste. [[De] la forrme dez quellez armes en substance, la tene' sensieut. Cestass'. de courir a cheval a toille xj. coursez de lances a fers esmolus, sans arrestz advantageuz, portant ch'un de no9 deux, tel fer' et grosseur de lances que bon no9 semblera, saulf q'lles seront dune mesure et longueur ; et cest quand aux armes a cheval. A pied nous assamblerons trois foiz, portant ch'un hache et dagur, tant seullement telles que nous plaira; et chascune desdeux pre- miereux foiz no9 combateros jusques au nobre de treize copz de hache, frappez par touz deux, a trois pas de retraite. Et a la tierce foiz no9 combatros jusques ad ce que lun de no9 deux touche de la main dextre a terre. Et celuy de no9 q' touchera a terre de lad'c'e main destre, sera tenu de doner a son compaignon le gantelet de sa d'c'e main dextre"; et celui qui laura perdu ne sera tenu de porter gantelet en sa d'c'e main dextre en nul fait darmez, jusques a tant quil aura demande congie a sa dame. Chascun de rfous arme come a noblez homez 3 apptient en tiel cas, et tout sans fraude barat ou malengin. Et pour ce q' a p'nt Je nay pas mis en fourme de Chap pitres lesdites armes, Je lay fait pour deux raisones. Lun, si est quau plaisire Dieu, a v're venue ils seront faiz en toute bone fourme, plaisante a touz deux. Lautre est, au fin q' sil vous plaist y ad- jouster et acroist' aucune chose, tant a celles a cheval come a celles a pied, que le puissiez faire a vostre bon pleasir et volente, et de 1 MS. tressailler. 2 MS. cellay. 3 MS. honeurx. 218 CHALLENGES TO PERFORM tresbone coeur Jen seray content. Or est vray treshonnoure ch'l'r, que come serviter craintif, seullemet por complaire a madicte dame, pour acquerir sa grace (pour laquelle avoir Jai tant travaillie et emploie de mon tempz) Je me suis submis ad ce; et ce a laffection et souhait delle (laquelle desirant v're honeur et lexaltacion de v're nom, vo9 a expressement nome) Jai fait 1 ce, quelle fust incertaine, et a present ignore ceste mon emprise, que pour a elle seullement com plaire, et aussi por lez biens quelle a lors en dist, et la renomee de v're vailance, ay entreprise. Sur et pour quoy, je vous revoie ex pressement cez presentes letters, resemble avecq's la substance dez Chappitres y contenuz. Sy vous prie et requiers tant chierement et de coeur come faire le puis, quil vo9 plaise moy faire tant de honeur, q' — por arno' de ladicte dame, a lacroissement de vostre hon neur, tant affectionee, ad fin q' en et par ce, Je puisse acquerir sa gace (laquelle chose je ne puis faire bonemet sanz v're moyen)— de recevoir et accepter lez armez contenuez en cestez mez l'rez, et par le 2 porteur, soubz le seal de v're armez, me adcertener de v're bon vouloir et plaisir sur ce ; et cest faisant en bone foy vo9 me ferez plus joieux que se Javoir3 gaigne la moitie dung Royme. avec ce et por ce, Je me reputteray tenu a vo9 touz lez tempz de ma vie, et me trouverez prest de vous faire service en tempz et en heu, tant q'a mon honeur sera possible. Ce scet le benoit filz de Dieu, au quel, treshonoure Ch'l'r, Je prie vous avoir en sainte garde, et doint vo' la joye de v're dame. Escript et signe de ma main soubz le seel de mez armez, a Londrez, le xvjme jour du moys de Juing, Ian .Ixvj. Autat v're come sien Loys he Brtjtallis. LE REPOUS SIR JEHAN DE CHASSA. A treshonoure escuier' Louys de Brutallis. Treshonneur' Escuier, Je me recomaunde a vous tant et de si bon cueur come Je puis. Voz tresgracieuses et treshonourablez letters p vous a moy envoiees Jay receu le xxiij. jour de Juing p Nusselle le pours'aut : q' jeo ne puis satisfaire au desire de mon cueur pour vous remercier le grant honeur q' p icelles me p'ntes, par quoy Je me tienz et sens oblige envers vous de corps et de biens toutz lez jours de ma vie, mon honeur sauleur.4 Treshonoure escuier, vous reciter le contenu de voz d'c'ez l'rez me sembleroit chose superflue; pour ce mesmement q' je tienz que vous estez bien recours de la teneur dicellez : et come desirant de acoplir v're tres- noble request, voz d'c'ez letters veuez, Jay delivere et conclude 1 MS.ja soit. 2 MS. la. ' Read »' J'aurois. * Read sauhL FEATS OF ARMS. 219 de vous a cohplir ' tout ce q' vous me requiers ; et pour myeux y pvenir, incontenant icellez veuez, Je vins pardevers treshault et tres- excellent prynce, mon tresredoubte et souverayn seignour mons' le Due de Bourg"e come tenu estois * et suis de le faire, luy monstraunt voz 3 d'e'es l'rez, en luy suppliant treshumblement que en recom- pansse dez s'vices q' je luy avois fais y cy avant, y luy pleust de sa grace me doner congier de vous ottroier tout le contenu en v're tres- honourable request: mon d'c'e sr (come celluy qui tousjours a ho- nouree et prisez lez faiz darmez) louant fort v're desire (qui ne doit en tel cas estre estordit 4) liberallement ma accorde le congie pour aler pardela en la compaignie de mons' le Bastarde de Bourgne et pour alors a mon pouoir satisfaire a v're desire. Treshonnoure escuier, il est verite quilia environt trois ans, au tempz q' mon dit sr le Bastarde de Bourg1* avoit entrepris de tenir le pas que avoit fait publier par toutz lez Royaulmes xp'iens, que je p le consentemet et license dune dame (q' est la chose de ceste vie a qui je desire plus complaire et faire service) et aussy p congir de mon dit sr et prince, avois pro pose et entrepris de pourter une enprise ou enseigne pour faire darmes : mais pour le voiage de la Croysee ou Jay este, et por lez guerres qui sen sourde 5 pardeca, mon desire ne cest peu acompli : toutefoiz pour avoir v're acqueyntance, et desirant de tout mon cueur q' par acomplir v're requeste, Je soie cause ou moien de vous faire pervenir a si graunt honneur et bien come vo9 mavez rescrit, Je suis ale devers ma d'c'e dame, et auxi luy ay monstre voz ditz l'res, en luy suppliant treshumblement quelle me vousist doner congier por aler en la d'c'e compaignie de mon sr le Bastard' de Bourgne a fin de acomplir et souler v're tresnoble desire ; non obstant q' je me tenois oblige par la prendre requeste q' je luy avois faite : mais elle de sa grace le ma benynement ottroie,6 come celluy qen touz cas desire et veult procurer touz bons loz et honorable renomee. Pour quoy treshonore escuier je me contraint de complaire a ma d'c'e dame, et a laccroissance 7 de mon honour tant q' poussible mest de ma parte, vous certifie et asseure q' qaiit mon dit sr le Bastarde passera au tresnoble roiaulme Dengleterre, Je yray en sa compaignie, et au pleisir de Dieu de n're dame et *de sain George, macquytray tiellement a lacomplissemet de voz armes et chappitres, q' vous et touz autres en seront" contenz; si n're S me garde de mort ou de tel encombrement, q' par icelluy je soye legitimement excuse. Et pour vous certifier du point qui dit en v're l're, q' je pouray joyndre aucune chose, sil me plait, a la substance dicelles ; 1 So for accomplir. - " MS. estoier. 3 MS. v're, and in several other places. * Read contredit. * MS. son souerse. e MS. ortroier. < MS. lorlroissanie. 8 MS. seroit : more properly serez. 220 CHALLENGES TO PERFORM t'shonoure escuier, Dieu ne veulle q' jaie volonte ou p'sumpcion dacroistre ne de diminuer sur le fait de v're emprise, ascune chose, puis quelle est faite et conclue de part vous et par la dame a qui tant desires s'vier et estre en sa grace : tout foiz pour ensuer lusaige Francoys et eviter lez dangierz L qui avienent souvant en faisant armes a cheval, Je voudrois * si v're voluntel estoit telle, q' le comece- ment de n're armes fust a pied, et la fin a cheval: quar maintefoiz aux armes a cheval sount telz encoumbrees, q' cellez de pie sount delassees. Et le tout faiz et entreprenz affin de macquiter, et aussy pur fair' le bone plaisir de v're tresgente et noble dame, a la quelle je remercie de tout mon pouoir lez hauxtez louenges et bone reno- mee quel 3 me done : laquelle chose luy meust plus par sez vertu- euses meurs q' de proesse qui soit en moy • et pleust a Dieu q' mes faits et merites feussent correspondens ou p droit compare a lestima- cion quelle a de moy. Et soiez seur q' moult joyeulx serois, si p mon moyen elle vous vouloit entretenir en sa grace ; priant n're sr q' vo9 y doing pvenir 4 au desire de v're cueur. Treshonoure escuier, affin q' myeulx et entiermet soiez asseure q' au plaisir de Dieu ja- compliray tout ce q' p voz Chappit's mavez requis, Jay mis en cez p'ntez mon saigne manuel, et icelles seelle de mon seel armoie de mez armes : escriptez en la ville de Bruxelles, le xxvij. jor du dite moys de Juing, Ian mil cccclxvj. Plus q' v're J. de Chassa. LE CHALLANGE PHILLIP DE BOUTON. En lonneur et en la reverence de mon Creature Jh'u Crist, et de la t'sgloriouse Vierge Marie sa mier', et madame sainte Anne, et 'de mon s' seint George, pur le temps huisens eschieuer et le tres noble mesne5 darmez maintenir et ensuyvre, etpour toutes bonnes et honourables oeuvres a mon pouoir mettre et tenir en excersice : Je Philipe Bouton, natif du pais de Bourgongne, premier escuier a treshault et 6 mon tresdoubte seignoure mons' le Coute de Charolles, Je, constraint de mon plain grey, au jourduy premier jour de May par le bon congie et licence de mon tresredoupte et souveraigne seignour le Due de Bourgoingne, et de mons' et maistir desuis nome ay chargie et esleue emprinse de une fleur de pensee,7 atacher a mon bras dextre, la quelle je porteray couverte8 jusques atant q' alaide de Dieu Je dessendrey8 en tres renome Royme de Engliterre, en lacom- paignie de mon treshonnoure sr mons' le Bastart de Bourgongne 1 MS. dangier. 2 MS. voudoie. 3 Rea(j quelle. * MS. purnir. 3 Perhaps for mestre. c MS. treuhaulte de. 1 MS. penser, in this place only. » MS. youverte. 9 MS. deffendrey. FEATS OF ARMS. * 221 Conte de la ' Roche. Et lors Je descouveray ma pensee, par le bone congie & licence de treshault et t'sexcellent et tresvictorieux prince le Roy Danglet're, qui de sa grace me en a donne le congie. La quelle emprinse Jay chargie et eslieu come dit est, a lentencion q' soubz umbre dicelle, Je puisse faire fournir et acomplir certainez Armes, selon le contenu en mes chapitres cy apres desclar' et dont le entendement et conduite sensuit. Le premier Chappitre est tel ; q' Jay chargie et esleue icelle pensee pour empris, a lintencion2 q' ung noble home dez condicions apparten' a icelles nobles oeuvres excerser, qui soit Engleis ou tenant leur 'party, le doive toucher seullement, et moy fournir et acomplir le contenu de mes chapitres. Le seconde Chapitre. Et celluy noble homme qui touchera a ma dite emprinse, s'a tenu de moy fournir et acomplir le contenu en mes chappitres, endedens six jours apres lacomplissement de armes, et de mon d'ce sr le Bastard. Le iijme Chappitre est, q' nous comparons ou lieu place heure et jour q' nous s'a bailie par les condicions qui dit est dessus, par le Roy ou son comis; ch'un de nous deux moines et armes come a nobles homes appartient en tel cas ; portant armer ou heaulmet ou choys et plaisir dunch'un 4 de nous, en selles 5 de guerre et sanz atache de lome a la seller ; et courions a la toille quinze courses de lances a fers esmoulus. Le iiije Chappitre. Et par expresse charge Je suis tenuz et obligies deliverer lez lances garayes 8 de fers et de fustz soullemet ; et dont mon compaignon aura le choys : des quelles lances on emportera deux a mond' compaignon, dont il choysira lune, et Je courray a lautre ; et courions si longhemet dezd' lancez q' lune ou les deux auront mestr' de renouveller. Cestass' par estre 7 rompues ou estre leser esgreve a la dyscrecion de n're Juge. Et se les arrestz dezd' lances estoient rompuz ou desclouez, on les po'ra resserrer a juste mese et saunz male engyn ; et a ch'un renouvellemet dezd' lancez mond' compaignon aura le choys come dessus, et se pourra fournir de rondelles mond' compaignon a son cho^s et plaisir de Couronelles " aussi. Le ve Chappitre. Et ne pourra nul porter arrestz advata- geux ne com' Acrest ne chose mal engyngneuse quelconqes, et quil ne soit ent' nobles homes licitez et raisonables de porter et davoir, sur paine destre punis ou bon plaisir du Roy ou de son comis. 1 MS. come aia. 2 MS. a Intencion. " MS. leue. 4 Read de chaqun. i MS. celles. ° Perhaps for garnies. 1 MS. eslie . ' MS. tourondelles. 222 CHALLENGES TO PERFORM FEATS OF ARMS. Le vj8 Chapitre. Et sil advient (q' Dieu ne vieulle) q' en fur- nissant lezd'cez armes q' lune de nous deux s'a porte par terre hors de sa selle1, de plaine attainte de la lance, et sans chute de son cheval ; en ce cas 1 les armes s'ount tenuz poure accomplies. Le vije Chappitre. Et sil advient (q' Dieu ne vieulle) q' lune de no9 deux en fais' lesd' armes, soit blechis, tellement quil ne puisse son emprise parfournir; en ceo cas les armes s'ont tenuz pour acompliez. Le viije et derrenier Chapitre. Et nozd' armes acompliz, inco- tinet et sur les rentz, celluy de nous deux q' le plus aura rompu de lances, aura de son compaignon une dague honneste pour donner a sa dame. Sy prye a tous lez nobles homes du tres renome Roy™ Dengl' q' ceste mon emprise ne prengnit ou entedent a presompcion ne oult'cuidance. Car p la foye q' Je doy a la chose du monde q' plus crains et ayme, Je ne le fais force en bone est2 franche intencion, et pour les rais' desuis dit. Et principallemaiit en esperance de gaigner et conquerir, en le fais', la gace de celle po' lamour aqui Je porte ma d'c'e emprise ; et pour acquerir la fraternelle acointance ppetuelle de cellui noble home qui cest honneur et plaisir me fera de mon emprise furnir, et qui me dischargera de ma charge, auquel Je s'oy a jamaiz s'viteur et frere. Et en signe de verite, et q' je veul lezd' armez fournir et acomplir en la man'e 3 dessusd' (si Dieu me garde dencombrier et denseigne) Jay signe ces p'ns chapitres de ma main et seale au seau de mez armez. Le premier jo' du mois de May, Ian mil cccc soixante sept. Ph'e Bouton. Of these chivalrous adventures the following short account, by a con temporary, is contained in the Arundel MS. 5, fo. 171. "Anno domini 1467, in ebdomada pentecostes venit in angliam bastardus ducis Burgudie, dimicaturus certamine singulari cum domino Antonio domino de Scales : fac- tisque in Smythfelde London barris & tentorijs, circiter in festo sancti Barnabe ingressi locum dictum, quasi ludentes congressi, cito cessaverunt. Et alij qui dam post eos inibi congressi, immunes a plaga recesserunt." 1 MS. leras. 2 Read forsque en bonne et. 3 MS. mani's, for maniere. 223 MARRIAGE OF THE PRINCESS MARGARET, SISTER OF EDWARD IV. A.D. 1468. The Princess Margaret, sister of Edward the Fourth, was the third daughter of Richard Duke of York, (grandson of Edward III.) by Cecily Neville, daughter of Ralph Earl of Westmoreland. After the death of her father, at the battle of Wakefield, 29 December 1460, she being of tender age was probably taken care of by her mother during the disturbances, while her brothers George and Richard, afterwards the Dukes of Clarence and Gloucester, were sent over to the care of Philip Duke of Burgundy. Not long after, her eldest brother, Edward, having after several conflicts gained the victory at St. Alban's, mount ed the throne, and secured her safety ; till at length a special provision was made for her clothing and other expenses, by a grant of four hundred marks yearly from the Exchequer, on the 30th of March 1465 ; which, on the 15th of No vember, being found not to have been paid, another patent was issued to the new officers of the Exchequer.1 After the death ofthe Countess of Charolois, 26 Sept. 1465, a new oppor tunity was afforded to Edward of procuring the long-desired union with Bur gundy, by offering his sister to the widowed heir-apparent of the Dukedom. Accordingly, on the 22nd of March 1466, three commissions2 were issued under the great seal, appointing Richard Earl of Warwick, Lord Hastings, and four others, ambassadors to treat with the Count Charles, first, for a lasting peace and commerce ; secondly, for a marriage between him and the King's sister; and, thirdly, for the marriage ofthe Count's only daughter, Mary, with George Duke of Clarence, the King's brother. The Count having been favourable to the Lancastrian party, these negotiations were long protracted, before they could be settled amicably.3 In the summer of the following year, a strenuous effort was made by the French court, with a view to dissuade Edward from allying himself to the ene mies of France; 4 but so fixed was the King's purpose, that they went away " sine conclusione." 5 This was soon after the grand justing in Smithfield ; and, in the end of September, another embassy was sent to Charles, who had lately succeeded to his father's honours, namely, Richard, Bishop of Salisbury, the Lord Scales, Lord Hastings, and six others, for procuring the intended marriage, with the addition of three other persons to treat about mercantile affairs.6 Their embassy 1 Rymer, xi. 540, 551 . 2 Rymer, xi. 563—5. 3 " Philip had always favoured the House of York, and was desirous to cul tivate a friendship, and make an alliance with King Edward ; but his son Charles Count of Charolois, espousing the cause of the House of Lancaster, appeared averse to the proposals, till after the battle of Montlehery, and the King of France's breach of the accommodation made at Conflans." Carte's General Hist, of England, ii. 773. * The safe conduct for the Archbishop of Narbon and others, is dated 5 June 1467. Rymer, xi. 580. 4 W. Wyrc. Annales, p. 509 — 10. 6 These commissions are dated 20 Sept. 1467. Rymer, xi. 590, 598. In a former page, it was doubted whether Lord Scales were an agent in this busi ness ; but it hence appears to have been transacted after the time then treated of. In the foregoing January, the Earl Ryvers had been sent to Burgundy. See Rymer, xi. 576. 224 MARRIAGE OF THE was successful; for on the first of October, at a great council of Lords, at Kings ton-on-Thames, the Princess openly gave her assent to the marriage, which was then determined on^ For completing the treaty about her dower, the time and place of marriage, and other particulars, early in the following year2 the Bishop of Salisbury, Secretary Hatclyffe, and two others, were sent over sea. They held repeated communications with the old Duchess, whom her son had before empowered (24 Oct. 1467) to treat on these matters ; but the precise terms agreed to, do not appear on record, nor the particulars exhibited in a council held at Coventry, in the month of January 1468.3 On the Rolls of Parliament a speech is recited which was made by the Lord Chancellor to both Houses of Parliament, (the King being present,) wherein he urged for a subsidy, for the protection of this realm against foreign and internal disturbances, and instanced the long, expensive, and successful attempts made by the King to secure the national safety, by alliances made with divers foreign powers. He particularly stated, that the King " had made an amyte and confederation with that high and myghty Prynce, the Duke of Burgoyn, which shuld wedde the Lady Margarete the Kynges suster, and also an amyte and confederacion with the Duke of Bretayne, which two Dukes been the myghtyest prynces that holden of the crowne of Fraunce :" — that to repel the French power the King was " dailly called uppon, and also writen and send unto by outward prynces, as the Duke of Burgoyn, which was oon of the moost myghtyest princez of the world that bereth no crowne ;" and that, " as a meane to his seid principall entent [of recovering the French provinces, he] had laboured a marriage to be had betwixt the seid Duke of Burgoyn and his suster, which mater amonges many of the Lordes spirituell and temporell, in his counseill late hold at Coventre, was shewed and declared." In consequence of this application, a subsidy of two fifteenths and two tenths was granted by the Commons.4 The preliminaries being thus settled, the Princess hastened to depart; and a month after, on Saturday, the 18th of June 1468, she rode from the King's Ward robe to St. Paul's, and was honoured by a procession of the citizens, who met her on her progress to Stratford Priory; where she passed the night, as did also the King and Queen. On the next day she went toward Canterbury, where she made another visit of devotion ; and she stayed there or at Margate until the end of the following week, setting sail from that port-5 on Friday the first of July, with a sufficient squadron of the royal navy to conduct her numerous train. On the next day she was honourably received in the harbour of Sluys, and on her landing, the town was yielded to her by the magistrates. Two days after she was visited by the Duke, to whom she was presented by her brother- in-law, Lord Scales, (whose lady was also present,) and was affianced by the Bishop of Salisbury, Richard Beauchamp, who had both been ambassadors to contract the marriage. The Duke made daily visits to her, until Saturday, 1 This was not a meeting of the Parliament : The Parliament had been ad journed from the first of July, at Westminster, to Nov. 6, at Reading. It was farther adjourned to May 5, 1468. Rot. Pari. vi. 618-9. 2 The commission is dated 5 January 1468, which may be seen, with a variety of documents relative to the negotiations, in Rymer, (xi. 601, etseq.); but some important ones are certainly wanting in his collection. 3 W. Wyrc, p. 112. * Rot. Pari. v. 622—3. ' Not from Dover, as Carte says. PR1NCKSS MARGARET. 225 July the 9th, when she went by water to Dam, a little town which lies between Sluys and Bruges. Very early in the next morning they were married in the church there, and then made a splendid entry into Bruges, which was at the distance of five miles. The festivities which followed this marriage were remarkable ; and curious as is the account in the following article, a more complete narrative has been preserved by Olivier de la Marche, who being one of the grand mas ters of the household,1 had the direction of them, and was best able to de scribe what he considered worthy of remembrance. While, however, his nar rative2 is referred to, it must be observed that this account was written by an eye-witness, and contains many observations and particulars not to be found there ; in reference to which an old chronicler says — " the great triumphs, feastings, shewes of pageant, with other strange devices, and justings, were such as I have not read the like, and would be over-long in this place to set downe."3 They lasted nine days; and in the midst of them, a young gentle man who was in the retinue of the Princess, wrote an interesting description of these splendid nuptials in a private letter, which is here inserted as a desirable accompaniment to the contemporary narrative. It was " wretyn at Bruggys, the Fryday next aftyr seynt Thomas," (July 15th,) by John Paston the younger, esquire, and directed " in hast," to his " ryght reverend and worchepfull modyr Margaret Paston, dwellyng at Caster."* " My Lady Margaret was maryd on Sonday last past, at a towne that is callyd the Dame, iij. myle owt of Brugys, at v. of the clok in the mornyng ; and sche was browt the same day to Bruggys to hyr dener, and ther sche was receyvyd as worchepfully as all the world cowd devyse ; as w* presession w' ladys and lordys, best beseyn of eny pepyll that ever I sye or herd of: many pagentys wer pleyed in hyr wey in Bryggys, to hyr welcomyng ; the best that ever I sye. And the same Sonday, my Lord the Bastard took upon hym to answere xxiiij knytes and gentylmen w' in viij dayes, at Jostys of Pese ; and when that they wer answeryd, they xxiiij and hym selve schold torney w' othyr xxv the next day aftyr, whyche is on Monday next comyng; and they that have jostyd wl hym into this day have ben as rychely beseyn, and hymselve also, as clothe of gold and sylk and sylvyr and goldsmyths werk myght mak hem : for of syche ger, and gold and perle and stanys, they of the Dwkys coort, neythyr gentyl men nor gentylwomen, they want non ; for w1 owt that they have it by wyshys, by my trowthe I herd nevyr of so gret plente as ther is. " Thys day my Lord Scalys justyd w' a Lord of thys contre, but not wt the Bastard, for they mad promyse at London that non of them»bothe shold never dele w( othyr in armys ; but the Bastard was one of the Lords that browt the Lord Scalys in to the feld; and of mysfortwne an horse strake my Lord Bastard on the lege and hathe hurt hym so sore, that I can thynk he shalbe of no power to 1 In the Cottonian MS. Otho B. xn. 8, were contained "Les Ordenaunces de l'hostel de Monsieur le Due de Burgoign en tou estas ; donne a Braxelles, 1 Januar. A. 1468." (Perhaps 1469 ?) Smithii Catalogus, p. 71. The MS. was lost in the fire of 1731. - Memoires, pp. 531—586 ; Gant, 1566, 4°. 3 Stowe's Annals, p. 421, ed. 1631. See also Holinshed, ii. 669—70, who has copied from Stowe. 4 The parts which do not relate to the marriage are omitted. It may be found entire at the beginning ofthe second volume ofthe Paston Letters, edited by Sir John Fenn. 226 MARRIAGE OF THE acomplyshe up hys armys ; and that is gret pete, for (by my trowthe) I trow God mad never a mor worchepfull knyt. And as for the Dwkys coort, as of lords, ladys, and gentylwomen, knytes, sqwyers, and gentylmen, I hert never of non lyek to it, save Kyng Artourys cort : and (by my trowthe) I have no wyt nor remembrans to wryte to yow half the worchep that is her; but that lakyth, as it comyth to mynd, I sholl tell yow when I come home, whyche I tryst to God shal not be long to; for we depart owt of Brygys homward on Twysday next comyng ; and all folk that com wl my Lady of Burgoyn owt of Inglond, except syche as shall abyd her styll w' hyr, whyche I wot well shall be but fewe. We depart the soner, for the Dwk hathe word that the Frenshe Kyng is purposyd to mak wer upon hym hastyly, and that he is w'in iiij or v dayis jorney of Brugys ; and the Dwk rydyth on Twysday next comyng forward, to met w' hym. God geve hym good sped, and all hys ; for (by my trowthe) they are the goodlyest falawshep the ever I cam among, and best can behave them and most lyek gen tylmen. Othyr tydynges have we non her, but that the Dwke of Somerset and all hys bands depertyd wel beseyn owt of Brugys a day befor that my Lady the Dwches cam thedyr; and they sey her, that he is to Qwen Margaret that was, and shal no mor come her ayen, nor be holpyn by the Dwk." As Duchess of Burgundy, she is well known in history. Of the political union thus formed with Burgundy, Carte says that " it was certainly in all respects the most convenient alliance on both sides, that either Edward or Charles could make :" and its importance was fully proved a little more than two years after, when Edward, being displaced from his throne by the Earl of Warwick, found a welcome retreat in Flanders, and was supplied by his brother- in-law with the military force by which he regained his kingdom. Charles was slain at Nancy, on the fifth of January 1477; and soon after the King of Scotland applied to Edward for a marriage between his sister and the Duke of Albany, brother of the Scottish King ; but this proposal was deferred, " forasmoch as aftre the old usaiges of this our Royaume [of England,] noon estat ne person honnorable communeth of mariage within the yere of their doole;"1 and it was never carried into effect. In 1481, the Duchess "came into England to see the Kyng hir brother, which shewid to hir great pleasure, and so she departid ageyne." J This fact is of considerable importance, as it completely destroys one of Horace Walpole's hypotheses in favour ofthe iden tity of Perkin Warbeck with the Duke of York.3 The Duchess was a constant enemy to the House of Lancaster, and espe cially to Henry VII., against whom she was the instigator of Warbeck and Sim- nel. In one of his letters, that King mentions " the grete malice that the Lady Margarete of Burgoigne bereth contynuelly against us."* She survived her husband twenty-six years, and died at Malines in 1503.5 1 See the King's instructions to Dr. Legh, printed in Ellis's first Series of Original Letters, i. 16, 17. s Chronicle of London (4°- 1827, from Julius b. i. p. 147.) In this work the only event noticed in 1468 is her marriage, as the Bastard's tournament is in the foregoing year. The preparations for her reception in London are detailed in the Wardrobe account for the 20 Edw. IV. in the Harleian MS. 4780, which has just been published with illustrative notes. There is a parlia mentary paper relating to her affairs about that time, in the Arundel MS. 48, art. 91. See the Catalogue, p. 90. » See " Historic Doubts," p. 82. * Ellis, First Series, i. 19. s Sandford's Geneal. Hist. p. 402. PRINCESS MARGARET. 227 The following article seems to have been written by one of the heralds who attended the Princess, and has been copied from the Cottonian MS. Nero, c. ix. (ff. 173b — 177b), which is written on parchment, and is almost contemporary. It has been collated with the " Additional" MS. 6113, in the British Museum, (ff. 92 — 100,) written by a herald in the time of Henry VIIL, which has afforded several corrections. A copy came into the hands of John Stowe, who pub lished an abstract of it in his Annals, which was copied by Holinshed. Stowe's own transcript is in the Harleian MS. 543, ff. 131 — 9. A transcript, modern ized and altered, by Ralph Starkey, in the Harl. MS. 169, has been quoted by Anstis, and will be noticed in the proper place. The Mariage of the Ryght high' and myghty Prince the Due of Burgoigne with' the Right high and excellent Princesse Margarett, Suster vnto the Right high' and myghti Prince and most Cristen' Kyng, Kyng Edward the iiij"1 aftr the Con- queste, Kynge of Englond and of Fraunce, and Lord of Ireland. The Friday 1 the xviij day of June the viij* yere of the Reygne of our' said' sov'ayne Lorde, the sayd Princesse went from a place in London callid the Kynges Wardrape, devoutely toward her ma riage, as ensuyth*. Furste unto the churche of Seynt Paule in London a bovesaid, and there made hur offring with' grett devocion: and aft" hur offring soo made, she toke hur hors and rode toward' the said' cite ; the Erie of Warrewyke riding before hur on hur hors,2 and with hur' other Erlez and Barons, grett numbre, the Duchez of Norfolcke and other ladyez and gentilwemefi of grett noumbre. And att hur' entre into the Chepe, the Maiore of London and his brethern the Aldermen p'sentid hur' a peyre of riche bassonis, and in the said' basynnys a c li. of golde. And the same nyght she loggid att the Abbay of Strattforth, where the Kyng and the Quene laye the same nyght. And from thens she toke hur' pilgremage unto saynte i The 18th of June 1468 was on Saturday, as the other MS. (N° 6113) states. Fabyan correctly says, that it was on the Saturday next after Corpus Christi. A contemporary annalist says, " Hoc anno circifer festum s'ci Jo hannis baptiste, transfretavit Margareta soror regis Edwardi, et uxor ducis Burgundie effecta est." MS. Arund. 5. f. 171. The Harleian MS. 169 begins — " One Satordaye :" its title is the following : " The Transportac'on of the Right highe & mighty Princes Margaret sister to the most Christiane Kinge, Kinge Edward the 4th of England & Lord of Ierland, to Sluse ; wtb hir Inter- tynement, the Triumphe and Mariadge w'h Charles Duke of Burgundye, as her after followethe." 3 The Earl of Warwick was greatly displeased with this marriage, fa vouring the French Government in preference to Burgundy. Carte has ex pressly noticed this curious circumstance, that, "whether he approved it or not, when she set out, she rode behind him on horseback through the streets of Lon don." ii. 774. — The other MS. omits the adjective pronoun, thus : " on horse." 228 MARRIAGE OF THE Thomas of Canturbury. And aft' hur deptyng toward' Canterbury, it pleasid' the Kyng to send aftr hur and to see hur shippyng. The Friday nexte aftr the Nativite of Seynt Joh'n Baptiste, she shippid at Margate ; and there she toke leve of the Kyng and de- ptid. There wente a yeyne with' the Kyng, the Due of Clarence, the Due of Gloucestr', the Erie of Warrewike, the Erie of Sherewys- bury, the Erie of North'humburland ; and there a bode w' my Lady attendyng hur' in hur' shipp', my Lorde Scalez hur p'senter, my Lorde Dacre hur chamberlayne, Sir Joh'n Widdevyle, Sir Joh'n Hay ward,1 w4 many other famose knytes and esquirez. And she was shippid in the new Elyfi of London, and in hur navy and compayne, the Joh'n of the New Castell', the Mary of Salesbury, and many other roiall' shippis : and on the morowe landed att Scluse in Flaun- drez. And as soon as her shipp' and compeny of shippis were en- trydde in to the haven, there receyvid hur theis astates ensueyng: Sir Simond de Laleyn and the wat' bailli, in div'ce vesselles, as botis and barkez, enprelde redy for hur landyng ; and also oder grett com- payny of botes for hur peple ; and landyd that same day in the towne of Scluse in Flaundres. And att hur landyng the furste astate that receyvid hur' was the Bisshopp of Uttrighte, welle accompanied with' noble people ; and the Countez of Sherne, basterd dought' to Due Philipp of Burgoigne, and wl hur mainy lordes and gentil- women : and soo procedyng in att the gate of the same towne, there they p'sentid hur the towne, and sheued hur there uppon the Dukes high' commaundement, that thei shuld p'sente to hur' the said towne, and hur' to take for ther sov'ayne Lady. And they gaff unto my Lady xij marke of gold, the which' ys in the value cc. li. of Eng- lysshe money. And soo my lady pcedyng through the towne, unto hur logynge, the people made firis in grett numbre of wax torchez and torchettes, oute of ev'y house pynaclez subtellie devisid in the towne and in the castell', with' fires branny g in the stretes grett num bre : also ev'y howseholder stondyng in tho strett w' oute ther dorez, ev'yche a torche in his hande brannvng. A yeven aposite2 my Ladys loggyng, there was a stage made of tymbr' warke, cov'de w' tappettes, and before subtelly corteynyd' ; with' oute those cortaynez a man gevyng attendance att soche tyme as my lady passid by, and drew the cortayne of the last pageaunte of the iij pageauntes afore reh'sid, and than secretely closed it a gayne, and shewde as lytill' sight as myght be sheued ; and soo sodenly from pageaunt to pageaunt. The furst pageaunt cast the curtaynez subtyly, that the people hadde therof a sufficiant sight': the pageauntes were soo 1 Hawarde in the other MS. and Howarde in Harl. 169. Sir John Howard was created a baron in 1470, and afterwards became Duke of Norfolk. 2 The other MS. reads " and even by." PRINCESS MARGARET. 229 obscure, that y fere me to wryte or speke of them, because all' was countenaunce and noo wordes. In my understondyng, the furste pa geaunt r_was3 l thorough wome Jasoii wafi the flees of golde : 2 the ijde was Quene A stor, that was laste wyfe unto Assuerus the kyng: and the iijde pageaunte was Vestie that was furst wife unto the Kyng Assu- reus. And on the morow the olde Duches of Burg"e come unto my said Lady, accompayned w1 many grett astates, as enseweth': my Lorde Ravisten, brother to the myghty prynce the Due of Cleve, the Lorde Feenes, the Lord Jakez of Seynt Poule, and many oth' knyghtes and esquyres, w' the olde Duchez, the Pryncez, the May- den of Burg"e, w' many ladiez and gentilwemefi. The metyng of the olde Duchez and the right high and ex cellent P'ncez byfore reh'sidd, was in this forme as ensuyth. The said Pryncez mette hur att the halle dore of hur logynge, ether of them knelyng a downe to other, enbrasyng ethir other in armys righ't amyable ; and stode stiUe in communicacion a tract of tyme : and than the olde Duchez a visid the visage of my Lady, and toke hur eft sonez in hur arms, and pferd hur the righ't hande ; and she wold nott. And the olde Duchez toke hur' very moderly with' 1 Omitted in both MSS. The word unstedfast is put before understondyng in the other MS. 2 Unquestionably the story of Jason was the origin of the Order of the Golden Fleece, though an opinion was afterwards held that Gideon was the intended hero. As the tapestry ornamented with the story of the latter will be mentioned hereafter, it may be desirable here to insert a passage from Cax- ton's prologue to his Life of Jason. " And in moche as the grettest fame & renomme standeth' & resteth' in the conquest ofthe flese of gold', where of is founded' an ordre of knightes. wherof oure sayd' soverayne lord' is one & hath' taken the profession therof, [Edward IV. was the first knight of this order under the new sovereign Charles.] howe well' some persones afferme and saye that the sayd' ordre hath' taken his orygy- nal of the flese of Gedeon . where in I will' not dispute. But well' wote I that the noble Due Philippe firste foundeur of this sayd' ordre, dyd' doo maken a chambre in the Castell of Hesdyn, where in was craftyly and' curiously de- peynted the conqueste of the golden flese by the sayd' Jason, in whiche chambre I have ben and seen the sayde historie so depeynljed . & in reme- braiice of medea & of her connyng & science . he had do make in the sayde chambre by subtil engyn that whan he wolde it shuld seme that it lightend & then thondre, snowe & rayne. And all' with'in the sayde chambre as ofte tymes & whan it shuld' please him. which' was al made for his singuler pleasir." — This work was translated by Caxton from the French of Raoul le Fevre, who had likewise written and dedicated to Duke Philip the " Recuyell' of the History es of Troye," the translation of which, completed by Caxton at tbe request of the young Duchess Margaret, had been finished in Cologne on the first of March 1468-9, and was printed on the 19th of Sept. 1470. Caxton therein calls himself " servant unto her sayd grace," and says that he was used to " resseive of her yerly fee and many goode and grete benefetes, and also hope many moo to resseyve." He confesses also that she found fault with and corrected his English. 230 MARRIAGE OF THE grett rev'ance, and ladde hur throw the abundaiice of the people of Englisshe and Burgoynnez, and soo to hur' chambo1', and there to gedrez dyned w* as grett joy as couthe be thought. And aftr dynar' to communicacion in a tresaunce betwyxt, where all' the [people] i of bothe the nacions myght se ther familiarite: and than the old' Duchez toke hur' leve and deptid, and wente to hur chare, and rode to Bruggez to enprelle for the solempnite, as ensuith. On the Monday next aft1 come the Duke of Burgoine to Scluce w' xx" psonez secretely to my Lady : and ther' was in the p'sence, my Lorde Bisshop of Salesbury, my Lord Scalez, my Lorde Da- crez chamberleyn unto my sayd Lady, the Duchez of Northfolke, the Lady Skalez, and all' the aboundaunce of knyghtes, esquiers, and gentilweme environ the chambr'. And than the Due and my Lady beyng in myddys of the chambr', rev'ent obeissance made ether to oth'. The Duke toke hur* in his armys and kys- sidd' hur, and than kyssidde all' the ladyez and gentilwemeii : and when he had soo don, loked and regarded to the beaute of hur, he rejoysed ; and in his rejoyse in soche case me thought as Troilus was inne,2 for he tarryd and avysed hur' a tracte of tyme ar he went to hur' a gayne, and than rev'enttely went to hur' and toke hur' by the ryght hand, and seet bothe hem downe, and axe her a question secretely, and than callid the Busshopp' of Salesbury and the Lord Scalez, and thafi axid the Bisshopp' the forme of the fiaunceynge, and than the Bisshopp' sheued hym and my Lady bothe the man', in high wordez pupplishe hilye fiaunced ayther other.3 The Lordes of Burgane and the Dukes concell' ther' beyng, callid' hur' Duchez of Burgane, and thafi aftr a while comenyd. And thafi the Due deptid to the castell', and thar loged. And on the morow the Bisshopp' of Salesbury and the Lord Skalez wente from my Ladyez logyng, whiche was in a marchauntes house in the markette place of Sluse, to the casteU' to the saide Due, and there hadd' coun cell' ; and then the Due toke his hors, and soo on horsebacke rode towardes Brygges. And whan he came before my Ladyez logyng, he lyght of his hors and kyssidde hur' and all' the ladys and gentilwe meii in hur compayne, and then eftsonys kyssid my Lady, and than deptid' to Brigges. And aftr his depting, my Lady the Dukys moder of Burgone come to hur the same Tewysday, and so dayly the tyme 1 Inserted from the other MS. 2 The writer refers to the Troilus and Cresseide of Chaucer : the passage al luded to seems to be in the third book, p. 301 of Urry's edition. " And (lorde !) so he gan godelie on her se, That nevir his loke ne blente from hir face ; And saied, O my dere hertf?, maie it be That it be sothe that ye ben in this place ?" etc. 3 The other MS. preserves the true reading of this clause ; And in high' fumn- ceinge wourdes openly fiaunced either other. PRINCESS MARGARET. 231 of hur beyng there. And oii the Wenysday, the Bisshopp' of Turney come to Scluse, and in his compayne the iiij estates of Flaun- drez, that is to say, them of Gaunt,1 and theym of Brygges, and Iprisse, and the comynys of the land : and the Bisshopp' sheuede hir pposcion a story2 of the Kyng of Orkenay, how he desirid grettely to be maryde to a wyfe that was bothe fayre and good : hit were to longe to reherse, wherefore I pass ov' and goo to my furst mat'. And on the Thursday att nyght, the Due of Burgone com' to Sclus ; and in his comyng before my Ladyes loggyng, a lyght of his hors, and my lady mette hym att the hall' dore, and he kyssid hur' in the opyfi sight of all' the people of bothe nacions, (in the which kyssyng the people of the lande grettely rejoysed:) and aftr that he hadde soo done, he kyssid all' the ladyez and gentilwemen that were Englysshe, and other' he wolde nott. And then he toke my Lady eftesonys and kyssid hur', and deptid to hors and rode to the castell' before reher- sid ; and on the Fryday next followyng, toke hors before my ladyez logyng, did right as he dide in his comyng to the said towne, (for that was his erant, to see hur' welfare and kysse hur') and soo rode to Brigges to his dynere. And oii the Satrday, my Lady by the Dukes appoynttement and all' his councell', remeved by water to the Dame, and there logged : and aftr hur' lodynge att the Dame, the town receyvidd' hur' w' pcession: the Borowe maistrez w* ther fellishipp' p'sentid hur' a riche copp'. And the olde Douchez of Burgoyne there mett hur' sofi aftr hur' landyng, w' iiij charez gar- nysshed w' clothe of gold crymsyfi, and viij horsez in a seute of the same clothe of golde. And on Sunday the Due came in the mornyng, betwixte .v. and .vj. on the clocke : they were weddid by the Bisshopp' of Salesbury and the Bisshopp' of Turney : there beyng att the for said' masse, the old' Duchez of Burgoyne, my Lord' Scalys, the Lord Dacrez, and the knyghtes and esquiers, ladyez and gentilwemen that come w' my lady oute of Englonde. And there was charged Therle of Sherne chamberlayne, and other lordez of the Dukes councell', knyghtes and esquiers, grett compaynyez on horsebacke yevynge entendance. And my Lady was sett in a littr, richely enpayled w' clothe of golde crymsyn, hur surcote and hur mantell* w' s clothe of 1 Chaucer has this phrase : Prol. to C. T. " Of cloth-making she hadde swich a haunt, She passed hem of Ypres and of Gaunt." 2 " Proposition or storye." Harl. 169. The story here mentioned is not known to be extant, unless, as Mr. Douce suggests, " it may be the subject of some northern saga." It may be, nevertheless, conjectured to relate to Mag nus, who was called King of the Orkneys. He married a young Scottish maiden, and lived a very virtuous life. After his death, in the year 1110, he was regarded and honoured as a saint. Vide Torfsei Orcades, lib. i. cap. 18. (Haunise, 1697, fol.) 3 The other MS. reads with whyte clothe of golde. R 2 232 MARRIAGE OF THE gold furyd w' ermyn and she hur selfe rychely coroned : nexte by fore hur'Kyngis of Armys and Heraldez of dyv'se realmez and na tions, noys of trumpettes of dyv'se realmez, grett compayny of lordes and knyghtes; and thefi folowyng hur aftr .viij. gentilwemefi in the same sute before reh'sid, and iiij charez of a sute. And a fore hur entre into the towne of Brigges, mette hur' the maist' of the Floren- tynys, and yaff hur iiij cowrsers trapped w' white damaske browdred w* blew, and worshipp' hur' w4 lt[ torches brannyng ; and they that bere the torchis were clothed in blew, and tho that were marchantes were clothed' in crymsyfi velvett, and tho that were servantes were clothid' in crymsyn clothe. And thefi mett hur' the Venysyans and Januays, w' dyv'ce othir' nacions, as Esterlynges, Espaynnardes, Lucans, and Scottes; and all' were ori horsebacke savyng the Scottes, which were all' on fote. And than the storme of the rayne come soo faste, I might nott wryght the certayne of the p'sentaciofis. And at the towne of Brigges, thastatis of the towne p'sentid hur the wyne and the wax in honour and soveraynte, and besought hur to be good and gracious Lady to the towne: and thay were clothid in blacke damaske, and of them' were grett noumb1". And att hur entre in att the gate whiche is callid the Crosse gate, all the towrys and carneaus of the gate enramplissh- ed w' melodius mynistralsy, and besene richely w' tappettes castyng oute of flourez reioysyng of the people. And then att the nexte turnyng in the strete, precession recevyd hur, Busshop- pis and Abbotes w* solempne procession and grett solempnyte, viij"" and vj crossettes : and than a pageaunt made by subtylle crafte, aft' the forme of a castell' gat. And in the substance the story in the pageaut was the creation of Adam and Eve and of their mariage ; and the before was written,1 D'n's Deus in paradiso voluptatis ad- duxit Evam et Adam ut uxor et conjux ipsius esset. Genesis, ydo. And Adam hilde a rolle in his hand, wherin was wrettyn, Hoc nunc os ex ossibus meis el caro de came mea. Genesis, if". And oure Lord God hild a rolle, in the whiche was written, Crescite et multipMcamini et replete terram. Genesis, jmu- I wold wryght ofthe coutennance, but it was soo marvelous welle dofi, for it was nott in imagery, it was in veeray levynge creaturys ; the countenaunce of hem so sapient vnto the people, was sheued and soubdanly closed w' cortaynis draw- ynge craftelye. And other pageauntes of dyv'ce y story es, aff the same forme, enduryng unto the Princes palice, as ensuith. The 1 The quotations from the Scriptures which formed the inscriptions of the pageants, are written with red in the Cottonian MS. Being often corruptly written, some letters are here restored, and the abbreviations are for the most part disregarded. PRINCESS MARGARET. 233 ijdc pageaunt was of Alixandre 1 the grett conqueror' ; how he con- querid Demetrius the kyng, and he maried the doughter of the King of Egipte : and there was writtyn, Rex Pheohmeus et Cleopa- tram ejusjiliam Alexandro Regi dedit uxor em, p" Macha. ca" iiij10; and there a pphete hilde a rolle, where in was writtyn, Gaudeamus et exullemus el demus gloriam Deo, quia venerunt nupcie agni, et uxor ejus preparavit [se]. Apocalips. xixao ca". The iijde pageaunt was of oure Lady and Josep', and evyn' by the same a pageaunt of a yonglyng lik to a bridcrome w' mony yonglynges ; and he hilde a rolle in his hand, wherein was writtyn, 0 tu pulcra es, arnica mea et sponsa mea. And there was a maid w' many other maydyns like to bryde, and she hilde a rowle in hur' hande, wher in was writtyn', Filie, annun ciate dilecto meo, quia amore langueo. The iiij"1 pageaunt of Arche- decline,2 there Jh'c of wat' made wyne ; and w' oute that was writ tyn, Nupcie facte sunt in Cana Galalee, et erat mater Jh'u ibi; vocatus est Jh's et discipuli ejus ad nupcias. Joh'es ij110 The £v] pageaunte was of Cantica canticor' and of the iij0 cap0, wherin was a bridde w' maidyns; and she hilde a rolle in hur' hande, wherein was writtyn, In- veni quern diligit anima mea :3 and a yonglyng as a bridgrome, w' many other yonglynges ; and he hilde a rolle in likewyse, wherein was writtyii, Tola pulcra es, arnica mea, suavis et decora. The vj. pa geaunt was of the crusifiyng of oure Lorde Jh'u Christe; and there was writtyfi, Civitas solis vocabitur una ; in die ilia erit altare d'ni in medio terre, et titulus d'ni juxta terminum ejus. Isaye xixa0. The vijth pageaunte4 how Moyses weddid Tharbis the Kynges doughf of Egiptte ; and with' oute that was writtyfi, Moyses postquam diucius obsedisset civitatem Tharbis filia regis Egipti in eum oculos injecit ; quam ipse Moyses postmodum duxit. Petrus Comestivus in Historia Scolasl. The viij. pageaunt was a maydyfi sittyng be twene a lyofi and a lupde,bering the armys of Burgoyne, the which' Archies5 con quered from the bestes ; and a bove the maidyns hedde there was a grett flourdelis, and with oute was writtyfi, Leo et pardus in gremio jtosculi se amplexi sunt sub lilio ; with' mo thynges in the same pa geaunt. The ixtt pageaunt was of the ix"1 chappit' of Thobie; and * 1 This Alexander was not the son of Philip, but Alexander Epiphanes, the son of Antiochus, whose victory and marriage are recorded in the tenth (not the fourth) chapter of the first book of the Maccabees. Perhaps tbe et before " Cleopatram " should be omitted. 2 Read Architricline. This word was used by Wiclif in his version from the Latin. 3 This passage is taken from the sixth chapter, (verse 3,) but the word lota is not in the Latin vulgate. Perhaps the words O tu in the first of these four quotations from the Epithalamium of Solomon, should be read lota, as it seems to refer to ch. iv. 7. None of these are in the direct words of the text. * The Cott. MS. reads chappitre. b Hercules in the other MSS. 234 MARRIAGE OF THE this was the texte as thei shewed by writyng ; Benediccio super uxorem tuam et super parentes tuos ; et videbitis jilios vestros et Jilios Jlliorum vestrorum, usque [in] terciam et quartam generacionem. Over the courte gate in the p!ncez entre, was a riche helme richeli tab'naculid of goold ; subtiley graven thinges in pinaclez ; to lyons holdyng the helme environed with armys of dyv'ce lordeshippis : that is to say Burgoigne, Lotrigh, Brabant, Lembroke et Lushambourk, qf the Marquis of the Holy Empire, Flaunders, Artoys, Burgoigne, Enaud, Holond, Zeland, Frisse, Salins et Malyns. And also uppon the same gatt with' oute the tab'nacull a fore rehersid, [on either syde] an Archer ; oon with a crosse bowe bende, with a materas, out of the whiche ranne redde wyne att my Ladies entre; and the Archer oii the lyfte side, with a longe bow drawyng a brode arrow, the whiche ranne white wyne : and in the courte a pon a tree, a pelli- cane of goold', from his hart rannyng ipocras.1 And the halle gar- nisshid as ensueth. The halle that my Ladi kepte in hur estate, was lxv. paas of lengethe, and xx .ija in brede. An high' table the furst day, 2 nat all' thyng contayning the brede of the hall' : and oii that table (conteyning the lengith' ofthe table and more) a clothe of goold' of tisshue right riche, and with' in that clothe a nother clothe of astate roiall' of riche clothe of gold of viij breedes, ofthe Dukys co lours of purplle and blake ; the valaunce of the said clothes richeli fryngid ofi bothe sidis. The halle tables ofi stages. The costers of the said hall' of riche arras ; marvelous in my mynd the curyous makyng that is in the forsaid arras, and is of auncien ystory of the Bible, of famous Gedeon, that by the angell' of God was commaundid the flees, and display hit in baner', and he aunsward the angell' and said, thou maiste be a spirite ofthe [[eyre]]3 and nott an angell; and maist cause me to offende God: yeve it be soo that thes fleez that thow haste takyn to me wolnott receyve water in tyme of rayne, I 1 " The Ressaite to make Ypocras " is given in that curious miscellany called Arnold's Chronicle, and is as follows : " For a galon aud a pynt of red wyn, take synamon iij uncis, gynger tryed an unce, greynes and longe peper di unce, cloves and masys a quarter of an unce, spignard a quartir of an unce, suger ij. 11." These were to be strained through a woolen bag. (Reprint, Lon don, 1811, 4to. p. 187.) 2 "conteyning almoste the." Other MS. 3 The space for this word is supplied from the other MS. A short view of the demonology of the middle ages is preserved in the legend of St. Michael (by Robert of Gloucester) in the Arundel MS. vm. f. 72, and the Harleian 2277, f. 124°. That poet makes the devils or spirits of the air to have been the tenth order of angels ; but Geoffrey of Monmouth, in his Life of Merlin, places them in the third ; thus, Vesp. E. iv. fo. 125b. At cacodsemonibus post lunam subtus habundat, Qui nos decipiunt et temptant, fallere docti ; Et sibi multociens ex aere corpore sumpto, Nobis apparent, et plurima ssepe sequuntur. PRINCESS MARGARET. 235 wol beleve that thow art an angell' of God. And it fortunyd in shorte tyme aff, there fele grett rayne, and the flessez receyvid no wat', butt in grett droughthis it was moyste : wherethrough' the said Gediofi trustid that it was the wille of God that he shuld rule the people ; as more opynly l ys shewed in the Bible. In the said hall' was hangyng ij candilstickes yevyng hght egaUy, unto me noo thyng soo obscur' as the crafte of the makyng of the rock the whiche a castell' stode uppon ev'yche of the said candilstickes the said rocke semyng to be a rocke of precious stonis mervelisly wrought, envy- roned a boute wl wallis of golde, and the nethermust parte of the said candilstickez in eche of hem. vij grett glassez curiously sett therin, and in soche wise as the aboundance of the people and counte nance appered in the said glasse ; and ofi ev'y of the said candil stickes viij lights, and on & that to encrece the lumer of the said hall' : on' ev'y side vij othir candilstickes on eche of them' iiij lightis. The rooff of the said hall' palye, white and blewe clothe ; and in the middis a copborde in triangle of ix stages, higly rychely inram- plisshid with coppes; ofi the lowest stage and oil the ijde stage coverde coppez, and so environyng the said cobbord in triangle, what in coppis flagons and pottes right riche to the ixth stage : and uppon the roundell' a copp' that contaynid the circuite of the triangle a bove ; and ofi the iij corners of the said triangle beneth (though it were nott above but aff the brede of the copp' before rehersid) were of a grett circuite ; ofi ev'y cornar an unicorns home, the poyntes gar- nysshid, and other iij in other placez accomplishyng the copborde. The Prynce2 aff wat' sett to mete : in the right hand the Duchez Auncien and ofi the secondehand the Damsell' of Burgoigne.3 And att the oon side table was Iij ladies and gentilwemen ; and att the tother, lordis and knyghtes of bothe nacions. Than the copborde standyng oii the right side of the halle. And aff that, the Due adressid hym to the Justis : and aff the Justes to the bankett : and att his entre in to the halle, the high table and the table ofi the left hand was egally accomplisshed with grett chargers of silv' fuUe of delicate meetes ; ev'y messe covered with disshis egallye. And ofi the Tewysday the Due dynid in his gretj chambre, and aff diner' toke my Lady and went to the Justes, in his abite ensewyng. A shorte gowne of goldesmythe werke, the base of that gowne mervel- usly riche 4 me to wryte of the diamantis perles and soo grett balas, mervelous to me soo grett richez in soo litiU a space. His haknay 1 More correctly indeed in the eighth chapter ofthe Book of Judges. 2 The other MS. reads Prynces; i.e. the Lady Margaret, who is here spoken of. 3 Mary, the only daughter of the Duke by his former (second) wife. * Some word (pexhapsfor) may be here wanting. 236 MARRIAGE OF THE which he rod ofi, the said Tewisday to the Justes, was harneysid as ensueth : the chaferounce paytrell' and crowper garnisshid w1 fyne golde enbrowdered w' grett perles ; the [endes]1 of the hangers en- ramplisshid w' grett balas ; the richez of the chafroune before reh'sid and of the harnez, in jugement the richest juellez that I have sayne. And aff the Justes, att his entre in to the hall', uppofi the high table vij chargerz w' mete, ev'y charger cov'ed w' a tente, and uppon ev'y tente to baners; and uppon the said table xvj dysshis, ev'y disshe pavylyoned, on ev'y pavyliofi a penofi of armys. And when the Due was sett, the tentis and the pavilions were taken from the messez among the comyn people, hoso wolde, the numbr' of the tentes and pavilions .xlvj. And in the myddeward of the hall' where the copborde stode, there was a curisli wrought castell', and in the castell' a warden', the which w' a high' voyce callid uppofi his meyny to take wache a boute tyme of the myddes of the bankett, and blew an home; and att the iiij windowes of the castell' apperid iiij grett Beerys : than the wardayne hadd his trumpettes blow fast, to recom- fort his my2 forttras, and thanne eche of the said Berez hadd a trum- pett w' a ban' of the Duckes armyz, and hilde hit w* his fore fote sub- tily, and blewe echone of them' stowtely well'. And aff that he hadd soo dofi, he callid his mynstralles to, make melodi ; and att the same windowez where the beerez were, apperid gett3 with' longe pipis,and pipid: and aff a grett plouge of hym' selfe in speking, callid againe uppofi people to wache his castell', and att ev'y wyndow there ap perid wulvez ; and aff that apperid att the same windowez, assez. [And] 1 the vtte tyme he callid ofi his people to sherche his place, that nothinge p'judice to that his place in any wyse myght ap- proche: and att ev'y wyndowe and dore, ysewd apez and serched the place ; and in the basse court thei found a chapmafi a slepe w' ware many sondry smale thynges, as br[oo]chez, pursez, lasez, beedis and glassez ; the whiche the said apez distribute a boute to the aboundance of the people : and att the wakynge of the chappemaii, soo distressid, he made a hevy countenaunce. And on the Thursday nexte folowyng, the Ducke kepte his astate, in a gowne richely besene of goldesmythez warke, and in his grett chambre, sittyng att ij tablez .lx. Barons and Baronettes, and on his hedde a blacke hatt, ofi that hat a balas in a panyerre called the Balas of Flaundrez, a m'vellous riche Jewell'.4 And att iiij of the clocke he come into the marte of the Justes, and aft' the Justes to the chambre, and sone aff into the grett halle : the Due and the Duchez wl all' the lordes and ladyez, the hall' att that tyme 1 The words in brackets have been inserted from the other MS. 2 The word my is properly left out in the other MS. 3 Goats. * This ruby is believed to belong still to the house of Austria. PRINCESS MARGARET. 237 accomplished wyth' the candilstickes a fore reh'sid, lx. tortettes, and all' the fore said tablez sett w1 div'se metes. Furst, a grett plat' sett w' dyv'se meetes af ' the man' of the countray : and ev'y messe an Olyfaunte beryng his castell' w[ a subtilite: a swanne rostid and silv'de marvelusly, standyng in a tarrage ; a pecocke in lyke forme, ev'y pecocke havyng a mantell' of armys of thorther l of the fleese, and a unicorne beryng trussinge cofers fulle of counfestes : an harte charged w' a basket fillid w' orengez and many other disshise of delicattes, mervelous to me. And so frome mese to messe, the high table a foresaide, egally throwe the hall' ; att ev'y other mese a tortez a broche the chaundelers of silvere. And att the saide bankett iiij ystoriez of Erculez, countenauncyng and noo speche : the ystory of the Duckes grett chambre was of the mariage of the doughf of Kyng Clotte of Fraunce, and the Kynge of Burgoyne, and what iseue that they hadde ; right riche arras : and aftr that other cham- brez hanged Qw'3 arras silke and tapstre, [to the noumbre of] xxxij chambre. And on the Sonday the viij day of the fest att bankettes was iiij stories of Arculez. The first was how he chastisede the thevez wl his owne handez : the ijdc was how he slew the bore : the iijde how he chastised the wyld men of the wildernez : the iiijlhe how he sett pillers in the see. The Bankett ofi Munday at nyght, the Due and the Duchez w4 astates of the Lordes and Ladyez, come into the halle ; the table accomplisshid as ensueth'. xxx" taragges, and ev'y taragge a tre of golde w' grene levez and blossomez of div'ce fruttes ripe, as orenges, applez, perez, rosez whyte and redd, pomgamadis, hawthornez blowyii, and div'ce othir thynges marvellously wrought. The tarage before rehersid watelid w' gold, w* in the watelyng a boute the sayd tre ; and ev'yche of hem' fillid w* meetes dyv'ce, grett ab undance; the whiche treez sinyfied2 xxx Abbayez und' the Duckis obeisaunce ; and uppofi ev'y tre a penofi of the Dukis armis, and the name of the Abbaye : betwyxte ev'y tree a bakemete kov'ed w' a vyne beryng grapez, tortettes a broch tortes standyng ofi a chaun- deler' of silv'. To ev'y tree throw the hall dyv'ce subtslitez, drawyng to the numbre of lx, as men and wemefi, som' two men beryng a barow betwene hem' lodyfi w' subtilteez ; and uppofi som' barow a baskett lood in like wise : £som lyke wyfes] as they come to the markett ward, w' a baskett oii hur hed and afi othir in hur hande ; and some as laborer beryng a grett baskett ofi his backe, wl bothe his handez ; and some as maydyns spynnyng ; and some as gentil- womefi beryng a gentille manys hatt in bothe the handes, lode in 1 Th'order has been farther corrupted in the other MS. to " the brother." 2 This word is over-written specified ; the other MS. reads signified. 238 MARRIAGE OF THE like forme ; some as gentilwemen beryng fannez, loode in like forme ; some as gentilwomefi in the Duche man', afore hur in hur kercheff of hur hedd ; subtilitez, and soche dyv'ce other, moo thafi I canne wryte of, the countinaunce of hem' was soo straunge, and the dyv'ce array. And uppon the hygh table afore the astate, was made a goodely towre w' iiij towrettis curysly wrought ; and on the myddys of the saide towre there was a grett glasse stondyng uppofi a shafte of goolde ; the glasse accompasshid w* baytayllyng of goolde and pynnaclez ; and ofi the roof ail ymage of a man beryng a penon of the Dukys armys of Burgoyne : and before the gatis of the said towre, an arbare walledd and craftely made w' flourys and herbez, and in the myddes of the arbare a fontayne made viij square, and over eche other quare a ban' of the Dukes armys, and ofi the roff a litille ymage of a profett holdyng upp' his hande, and oute of his forefyngre rynnyng a myghty streme of wat' of Damaske. To wryte of the Justes that dayly was, duryng the forsaid ix. dayez, in the markett place of Brigges, ys ov' longe a thyng to be writtyn in this Abbreviate : Gart' the Kyng of Armys hathe it in Frenche,1 and for that cause I leve to wryitt : but of the Turney and Justes of the last day of the fest, [it] was as ensuyth. The Due adressed hym horsid and armyd tryhumphosly, accompayned w' Lordez unto the felde, xij. coursours folowyng hym richely beseen in div'ce trappers, none lyke a nother.2 And there the said Due found in the felde, the Lorde that kepte the Pace, redy horsed and armyd ; and they ranne curagiously to gethrez. And the Due brake uppofi the said Lorde vj sperez ; and aff that he hadde soo dofi, went to his loggyng that was assigned by the Lorde of the Pace, and as a felow unto hem of them' of the said pace, as all' other that before hadd justid w' the said3 ofthe pace, dede soo in oii com payny adressed hem to the filde to the turney. The numbr' of hem of the party w' in, was xxvj'1, and thay aunsward xxvj" comers of the party w* oute : and all' thay of the pty w* in, hadd di trappers up- 1 Anstis, in bis Life of Smert, Garter King of Arms, (Register of the Order of the Garter, i. 353,) says, that he was at Bruges on this occasion, " and wrote an Account of the Justing at that time." His authority was the Harleian MS. 169, f. 41b. where the above passage is thus expressed : — "over longe a thinge to be written in this abridgemente, Gartere the Kinge of armes hathe pule it in frenche, and for that cause I leave to write it." As the word put is not found in any other copy, it is probably an interpolation, and the inference drawn by Anstis may be an error. The account of each day's justing, written by Ol. de la Marche, is probably the French referred to, as that part of his Memoires consists ofa copy of a letter to his colleague. There is a copy of a challenge and articles by a knight of the Tree of Gold (for such was the name of the " pas" or justing, on this occasion) dated on the third of July, in the Lansdowne MS. 285. 2 " None lyke ton to the other." Other MS. J The other MS. has " the lorde of tlie pace." PRINCESS MARGARET. 239 pon ther horsez, purpill' w' treez of gold enbraudred ; and so the[y] enranged them infeyre bayt.aile, and opositt the xxvjucommers, and by the Juges ther assigned by the compayne of the Lorde of the tree of golde, delyv'ed sperez egally, and swerdes, the poyntes of the egys rebatid. And whefi that thei were reddi, soo enranged before the Pryncez of the fest in the said markett, there was ordayngned that ev'y man had spere and swerd' at his avauntage ; and that w'out strake w' the sowne of a trumpe, shulde be ther chargyng to gedres. And evyn in mediately the trompe sownyng, sperez fast in reste, the speres broken, the temyng of sadelis, the hewyng ofi bassynettes wc blont swerdes, the strokes innumerable : for the Jugez that satte, nor the Prycesse of the feste w' dolorous countenauns wavyng hir ker- chef, tooke nott upp' the sportt, tille att the last it pleesid the Prynce that was thoo in the compayne that had yevefi many grett buffettes and myghtyly defendent, to com' to the Jugez, and thay in any wyse besoughte hym' that he wolde in noo wyse contenew the turnay, for w' oute that it lyked hym to be rehelmede, and so w' opyn face to charge hem to sease, it was lyke to grow to a grett inconvenyence. And then in my gugyment ev'y man had ynough', the pleye was so combors.1 And than the Due unhelmyd hym' and wl a grett staff, his psone charged peece in payne of dethe ; and soo w' grett labor he drove the ptyez a sundre. And then the certayn of the said ptiez founde them agr[e]ved, [and sayde,] O ray Lorde, twayne of hem sett uppofi me crewelly ; and som' on that other side, iij chargid ofi me un lawfullye. The Due charged that they shuld echmafi kepe his ranke till' he had spokefi w' the Jugez : and soo the Prynce and the Jugez joyned thre ayenst other three that were aggreved ; and to to ij, and contynewed the play til thei were satisfide. And in the tyme of ther turneyinge, com' in xij coursers ; yif it like yow to remembre, y spake of xij coursers, but I spake nott of thez xij. for theiz were of a sute in crymsyfi velvett enrarnplisshid w' grett cam- peynnes of fine golde ; and then adressed hem to the Bankett a fore reherssede, the last day of the fest. The pryce" ofthe Turney hadde Sir John' Wydvyle? brother lo the excellent Elsabeth by the grace of God Quene of all' Britons Yslys and Fraunce. Thepryce2 of the Justes had my LordDargewe, brother to the Prynce of Orange. Deo Gracias. 1 In the other MS. combrous. 2 This word is written prynce in the Cottonian, and price in the other MS. Chaucer wrote pris for the modern prize. 3 When only twenty years old, he was married to Katherine Duchess of Norfolk, in the early part of 1465 ; and shortly after was knighted on the Ascension day before his sister's coronation. He was beheaded with his father, August 12, 1469. 240 THE WILL OF ANTHONY EARL RYVERS, 1483. The introductory remarks to the preceding documents present an account of the life of Anthony Wydvile Lord Scales, to the time when he reached the summit of his reputation. His Will, which will be now inserted, requires a continuation of his history ; and the following particulars respecting him will show how highly he enjoyed his sovereign's confidence and tbe public esteem, until he fell a sacrifice to the tyranny of Richard the Third. On Friday, the sixth day of the marriage-feast already described, he entered the lists of the tree of gold. The Bastard of Burgundy, who was the knight defendant, " considering that they were freres dlarmes, and had fought in lists against each other before, would not run against him, but set Monsieur Adolf de Cleves in his place, to guard the pas for that time :" 1 yet he accompanied Lord Scales to the lists, with a great number of English and foreign knights and gen tlemen, and his relatives of the family of Saint-Pol. Lord Scales rode on a horse covered with cloth of gold, part crimson and part blue ; and his six pages were gorgeously arrayed. He fought half au hour, which (says Marche) " fut bien joustee et employee;" but he did not gain the rod of gold, as he broke only eleven lances, and his adversary seventeen. He returned from Bruges about the end of July 1468, and soon afterwards entered into a contract to serve the King with five knights, fifty-five men-at-arms, two thousand nine hundred and forty-five archers, twenty-four ship-masters, and one thousand and seventy-six mariners, for a quarter of a year.2 The command of an Armata was given to him on the 7th of October, and he prepared, in com pany with Lord Mountjoy, to assist the Duke of Bretagne against the French monarch. In the mean time, the Duke's ambassadors in England having ob tained private information that he had made a league with his enemy, they went away with the ships that lay at Portsmouth waiting to convey the expected forces, without taking leave of Edward. Whether that report were true or not, the French King certainly turned his army against the Duke of Burgundy, who came to terms with him at Rouen. The English armament was put in action in a few days, it being heard that Queen Margaret lay at Harfleur ready to invade England. Lord Scales was sent to sea with five thousand men, in two large ships and several galleys, on the 25th of October; and cruising up and down, kept the sea clear till the end of November, when the weather being very tempes tuous, they put in at the Isle of Wight, of which Lord Scales was governor.3 The jealousy which had been kindled in the minds of many towards the Earl Ryvers, broke out with deadly violence in the following year ; when being- seized by the Lancastrian rebels, encouraged by the Earl of Warwick his chief 1 Olivier De la Marche, p. 565. 2 Dugdale has not given the date of this indenture. — (Baronage, ii. 232.) 3 W. Wyrc. p. 518-9. The author of these annals being attached to the Lancastrian party, severely comments on this expedition as fruitless, though it cost 18,000/.; and says that the invasion which it was said to have prevented, was improbable. In like manner, a contemporary MS. (Arundel, 5, f. 171,) de clares, that " tempestatibus magnis turbati, nihil proficientes, in Angliam cum dedecore redierunt." The commission, however, only states the intent of the armament to have been " ad proficiscendum supra mare et alibi, in resistenliam inimicorum rebellium et adversarioi-um nostrorum." — Rymer, xi. 530. WILL OF ANTHONY EARL RYVERS, 1483. 241 enemy, he was beheaded at Northampton with his second son, Sir John Wid- vile,1 on the 12th of August 1469. Anthony, being heir, succeeded to his father's earldom, and became possessed of tbe office of Constable of England the reversion of which had been granted to him on the 24th of August 1467, when the office was bestowed on his father, it being resigned by the Earl of Worces ter : 2 but he waived his right in favour of the Duke of Gloucester.3 He was commanded on the 14th November 1469, in conjunction with the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk,* to hold the county of Norfolk in array against insurgents : and it was perhaps about the same time, that in the King's name he entered Cas- tre-Fastolf Castle, which had been besieged and taken by the Duke of Norfolk not long before ; and it was held by his servants about the space of half a year.5 In the midst of these disturbances, he went to Southampton, and defeated the Duke of Clarence and the Earl of Warwick, who had fled thither and attempted to carry off a great ship, and drove them into France ; 6 but the Earl returning with a strong force, and raising the country in favour of Henry VL, the King was forced to fly into Lincolnshire, and with difficulty escaped from Hull to Flanders, where he found a welcome reception at his sister's court ; and being supplied with forces, he returned early in the spring and landed at Ravenspur, having been constantly attended by Lord Scales.? His services were rewarded by being made Governor of Calais and the Marches for the term of seven years ; and he was made Captain-General of all the King's forces. In 1471, when the bastard Falconbridge went from London into Kent with his rebels, " Lorde Scales, with faire wordes, found meanes, with Nicholas Faunte, Mayre of Cantorbyri, that he causid Falconbridge to returne to Blake- heth yn Kent, where in the night he stale from the hoste with six hundred horsemen to Rochester, and so to Sandwich, where he abode the Kinges dim ming : the which was to the confusion of hym and his ; for not long after was Falconbridge behedid by the Duke of Glocestre yn Yorkshire, notwith standing that he had his pardon." e In these services he was attended by thirty of his own men of the county of Kent, wherein he held lands acquired of Tho mas Young, Esq. ; and in the same year he appointed Sir William Haute a Kentish gentleman who was related to him,9 his attorney to enter the same perhaps for the purpose of giving seisin to his brother Sir Richard Wydvile ; for no notice of them appears in his will, and a feoffment of these and other 1 Dugdale, ii. 231. — Every advancement of the Ryvers family gave offence to Warwick; and his reconciliation at Coventry in January 1467, must have been very slight and hypocritical. — See W. Wyrc. pp. 505 — 512. 2 Rymer, xi. 581-3. — Tiptoft was made Constable 7th February 1462 ; (Harl. 4410, f. 8.) He published ordinances relative to justing and feats of arms, on the 29th of May 1466, which have been printed in Harington's Nu^ee Antiquee by Park, and in Meyrick's Ancient Armour, ii. 179—186. On being made Deputy to the Duke of Clarence, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, (Dugdale) he sold all the offices and lands in England that he held of the King's gift. (W. Wyrc. p. 510.) On the 14th of March 1470, he was made Constable a second time, (Rymer, xi. 654.) The fate of this nobleman was much lamented by his printer Caxton: he was beheaded on the 18th of October following during the restoration of Henry VI. 3 The patent granted to Gloucester is in Julius, B. XII. f. 145 — 7; but being unfinished, the date does not appear. * Rymer, xi. 649. 5 W. Wyrcestre, Itinerarium, p. 323. 6 Leland, Collect, i. 719. 7 Dugdale, from Holinshed, p. 675. " Leland, Coll. i. 725. 9 See page 249. 242 WILL OF ANTHONY lands was made eight years after by the said Sir Richard, then Earl Ryvers. i As that document, dated on the 31st of May 1470, is signed with the Earl's own hand, a copy is here inserted, with a fac-simile of his autograph.5 " Nov'int univ'si p' p'sentes me Antoniu Comitem de Ryvers & D'n'm de Scales & de Newcelles fecisse constituisse & in loco meo posuisse dil'c'm michi in xp'o Will'm Haute Militem meum verum & legitimu attorn ad intrand' de & in om'bz ill' Man'ijs t'r' & ten cu om'ibz suis p'tin que nup' fuerunt Thome Yonge Armig'i in parochia de Mongeham sive alibi in com' Kane'. Rat' & gi-at' h'ent' & h'itur' totum & quicquid p'dict' Attorn meus noie meo fec'it in p'missis In cui' rei testimoniu p'sentibz sigillum meu apposui. Dat' penultimo die Maij anno regni Regis Edwardi quarti post conq'm Angl' undecimo." -Oovl^e^ In the following year, Earl Ryvers was appointed ambassador to the Duke of Bretagne to procure a truce, and had with him a thousand men-at-arms. When the King's son, Edward, was created Prince of Wales, he was appointed governor to his royal nephew; and the celebrated John Alcock,3 then Dean of St. Stephen's chapel, and afterwards successively Bishop of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely, was the Prince's instructor. He was at the same time made Chief Butler of England.4 In July 1473, he sailed from Southampton, to visit the shrine of St. James in Galicia, where a jubilee was about to be celebrated; and there it was that Louys de Bretaylles lent to him the book of " Les Dictes Moraux des Philosophes," to pass his time agreeably at sea; which he afterwards translated while attending on the Prince, and caused Caxton to print in 1477.4 From Spain he seems to have passed into Italy, where he visited Rome, and made many pilgrimages. Richard, the King's second son, was born and created Duke of York on the 28th of May 1474, when solemn justings were held. Among the challengers were Thomas Dorset, Richard Graye, Sir Edward Wydevill, J. Tyrrell, W. Ferris, J. Cheney. The Earl Ryvers bore a conspicuous part, as will appear from the following curious memorandum : — "The chalange of therll' of Ryveres. — At wyche Joustes there were certain gentilmen whych' shewyd the Kynge that the fees to hys sVntz was soo great 1 An indented letter of attorney to give possession to John Vavasour, Jus tice ofthe Common Pleas, and six others, dated 9th of December, 5 Hen. VII. is extant among the Cottonian charters, marked xxx. 34. 2 From the original in the Harleian collection of charters, 80, i. 59. The small red seal affixed is obliterated. Another autograph, as Lord "Scales," may be found in the second volume of the Paston Letters, Plate I. 3 Rossi Hist. p. 212. * Dugdale, ii. 232. 4 See Oldys' British Librarian, p. 65 ; and his Life of Caxton in Biog. Brit. (by Kippis) iii. 359—361. EARL RYVERS, 1483. 243 that yf they shuld entre the feeld to hys honnour and to thonnour of hys Realme the charges wold bee to moche for theym to bare, & besoughte the Kynge that they myghte be at sume Resonable fyn. Wherapon for that tyme yt was ordened by the Juges and composycion made in man' folowynge that is to saye and Erll' shuld paye for that tyme of hys Entre to thoffyce of armes x markes a baron iiij li. a knyght xl s. & a Esquier xxvj s. viij d. of whych' composicion thofficers of armes were but soo contented. & where as the noble lord Therll' of Ryvrs was taxed by the Juges at .x. markes he sent of hys benevolence to thof ficers of armes .xx. markes lyke a noble man & desyred theym to be contented for hym and hys hermytage to whom God sende good lyff and longe amen. and the trumpettes had for their dewte halff ofthe sume appointed for herauldes accordynge to ev'y estate and degree as before hys reherced."1 In the same year, (14 Edw. IV.) he again made a contract with the King to serve him in France with forty men-at-arms, and two hundred archers : and probably he was present at the interview between the Kings of England and France, on the bridge over the Somme. A full pardon was granted to him on the 29th of June 1475, for all feudal transgressions before the 25th of May last past : which probably referred to the estates of his mother, Jacquetta Dow ager Duchess of Bedford and Countess Ryvers,2 who dying on the 30th of May 1472, left him her heir, he being then above thirty years old.3 In the interval of comparative tranquillity which followed, Ryvers seems to have been a frequent attendant at court ; and from his official character he was concerned in state affairs. He was excused from attending the feast of St. George, in 1474 and 1475 ; but on the 10th of May 1477, he was present,* in which year he led the daughter of the Duke of Norfolk, when she was married to the infant Prince Richard.4 His absence from the ceremonies of the Order ofthe Garter was again excused on the 26th of August 1478, and on the 16th of May 1479.6 On New-year's day, 1479, he was present at Greenwich, when the style " Du Conte de River's, Sr de Scales et de Lisle du Wighte," was proclaim ed : 7 and on the 1 Oth of February, he named nine candidates at an election of Knights of the Garter, among whom his brother, " Dom. Ed. Woodvyle," does not appear, though he was proposed by the Duke of Suffolk. He was excused on the 23rd of May in 1480 ; and on the 26th of October, he performed the duty of installing the Duke of Ferrara, whom he had nominated, assisted by the Earl Douglas and Sir John Astley.8 1 This extract is from the Lansdowne MS. 285, f. 57, as a note in the list of contents (though the article was never written in the volume) under this title — " The Chalange of vj gentylmen at the creacion of Richard Due of York son of Kynge Edward' the iiijthe." Their names are given above, from a copy of tbe challenge in the Harleian MS. 69. f. 1. 8 Her autograph was in the Cotton. MS. Otho, D. II. which was burnt. Smith's Catal. p. 75. 3 Inquis. post mortem, cited by Sandford and Dugdale. From a similar pardon to that above quoted, bearing date the 20th of May, 3 Edw. IV. it would seem that he married the heiress of Lord Scales before the 4th of Novem ber 1461, if not before the accession of Edward. See Lansd. MS. 270, f. 158, where both are extracted from the Memoranda of the Exchequer. * Anstis, Order ofthe Garter, ii. 189, 200. 5 Sandford, p. 416. 0 Anstis, ii. 203, 204. T Additional MSS. in the Brit.Mus. 6113, f. 111. 8 Anstis, ii. 206, 209, 210. He was excused also, May 20, 1481. Several particulars relative to robes, etc. for him, may be found in the Wardrobe Book of the 20th of Edward IV. lately printed from the MS. Harl. 4780, f. 47-8 ; and about his brother Edward, f. 49b, 50. 8vo. 1830. 244 WILL OF, ANTHONY It is .not known when Lady Scales died ; but Dugdale mentions an em bassy into Scotland in the 22nd Edw. IV. (1482-3) to procure for him the marriage of Margaret, sister to King James III., the success of which does not appear. The negociation may be presumed to have been broken off, in conse quence of the death of Edward IV. on the 9th of April 1483, when the life of this illustrious nobleman began to draw to a close. The Duke of Gloucester, being Protector in the minority of Edward V. (then eleven years and a half old) immediately removed his faithful attendants, to make way for his own ambitious designs ; and Earl Ryvers, the governor of the young prince, was among the first to be removed. Coming with a great company to Stoney-Strat- ford, he discharged him and others from his person, arrested Earl Ryvers and his nephew Sir Richard Grey, on a charge of high treason, as having conspired against the Protector's life, and confined them in tbe castle of Sheriff-Hoton in Yorkshire. In apprehension that nothing but his destruction would satisfy the Protector, he made his last will during his confinement in that castle,1 on the 23rd of June 1483, the natural style of which renders it very probable that he wrote it himself. For the security of his testamentary provisions, he appointed, among his executors, the Bishop of Lincoln,2 who had been lately made Chan cellor in the stead of the Archbishop of York, and the Bishop of Worcester, one of his creditors : and he besought the Protector to look to the fulfil ment of his will. From Sheriff Hoton he was speedily removed to Pontefract Castle, where " sumwhat musyng and more mornyng," without any expecta tion of mercy, he soothed his misfortune by composing a little plaintive " balet" beginning with those words.3 He seems to have been resigned to his fate, and made an addition to his will, desiring to be buried in the church of Pontefract " with my Lord Richard," 4 thinking perhaps that his former direc tion, to be buried in the chapel of" Our Lady ofPewe," might not be complied with. To that chapel, which joined the royal chapel of St. Stephen's at Westminster, he had been a great benefactor, and bequeathed his heart to it. Although " the Dean and his brethern" did not oversee his funeral, as he at first wished, his name occurs in their Obituary-calendar4 on the 25th of June, wliich seems to have been recorded as the day on which he was beheaded ; but the interval of only one day from the date of his Will appears too short for his removal to Pontefract, and the subsequent proceedings until his execution. When he was beheaded, a hair shirt was found next to his skin, which he had worn for some time before his death ; and it was afterwards hung up before the 1 It is here printed from the register in the Prerogative Office of Canter bury, Milles, fo. 40 ; but there is not any entry of probate. The original will is not extant. An abstract has been given by Dugdale, ii. 233, whose account of the last days of the Earl is taken from Stowe : John Rous of Warwick has been principally followed in the text. 2 John Russell, formerly Keeper of the Privy Seal. Vide Joh. Rossi Hist. (Oxon. 1745, 8vo.) p. 213. 3 It has been preserved by Rous, except the latter part of the second, and former part of the third stanza, which were supplied by Ritson from the Fair fax MS. of music (MS. Sloane, 5465,) in his Antient Songs, p. 87-8. In the original MS. written by the hand of Rous himself, (Vespasian, A. xn. p. 266,) the ballad is written continuously ; and the stanzas are improperly represented in Heame's edition. * Perhaps Sir Richard Grey, his nephew, is meant, who was beheaded with him. 4 Cottonian MS. Faustina, B._vui. f. 4.b EARL RYVERS, 1483. 245 image of the Virgin Mary in the Carmelites' church at Doncaster, in remem brance of his devotion. Of the virtue and piety of this nobleman, considering the age in which he lived, there can be no doubt ; his contemporaries all contri buting tbe highest testimonials of approbation. That of Caxton, who knew him well, may be used with advantage in concluding this memoir : — it is at the end of the book entitled the Cordyal, translated by the Earl in 1477-8, and printed in 1479.1 " This book is thus translated out of Frenshe into our maternal tongue, by the noble and vertuouse Lord Anthoine Erie Ryviers, Lord Scales and of the Isle of Wight, Defenseur and Directeur of the causes apostolique for our holy fader the Pope in this Royaume of Englonde, Uncle and Governour to my lorde Prince of Wales, which' book was delivered to me William Caxton, by my saide noble Lorde Ryviers, on the day of purificacion of our blissid Lady, fall- yng the Tewsday the secunde daye of the moneth of Feverer, in the yeer of our Lord M.CCCC lxxviij. for to be enprinted, and so multiplied to goo abrood emong the peple, that thereby more surely myght be remembred The Four Last Thyngis undoubtably comyng. And it is to be noted that sythen the tyme of the grete tribulacion and adversite of my saide Lord, he hath been ful vertuously occupied, as in goyng of Pilgremagis to Seint James in Galice, to Rome, to Seint Bartylmew, to Seint Andrew, to Seint Mathew, in the Royalme of Naples; and to Seint Nicholas de Bar in Puyle, and other diverse holy places. Also [he] hath procured and goten of our holy fader the Pope, a greet and large indulgence and grace unto the chapel of Our Lady of the Piewe, by Seint Stephens at Westmestre, for the relief and helpe of Cristen sowles passed out of this transitorie world ; which grace is of like vertue to thin- dulgence of Scala Celi. And not withstanding the greet labours and charges that he hath had in the service of the Kyng and of my said Lord Prince, as wel in Wales as in Englonde, which' hath be to him no litle thought and besines bothe in spirite and in body, as the fruit therof experimently shew eth ; yet over that tenriche his vertuous disposicion, he hath put him in devoyr at all' tymes when he myght have a leyser, whiche was but stafttemele, to translate diverse bookes out of Frensh' into English'. Emong other passid thurgh myn honde, the booke of the Wise Sayinges or Dictes qf Philosophers, and the wise and holsom' Proverbis ofXpristine ofPyse, set in metre. Over that [he] hath made diverse Balades ayenst the seven dedely synnes. Furthermore it semeth that he conceiveth wel the mutabilite and the unstablenes of this pre sent lyf, and that he desireth with a greet zele and spirituell love, our goostlye help and perpetuel salvacion, and that we shal abhorre and utterely forsake thabhominable and dampnable synnes, which comunely be used now a dayes ; as pride, perjurye, terrible swering, thefte, murdre, and many otiier. Wherefore he took upon hym tbe translating of this present werke named Cordyale — whiche translating, in my jugement is a noble and a meritorious dede. Wherfor he is worthy to be greetly commended, and also singulerly remembered with our goode prayers." With these and other commendations, the father of English typography has immortalized the estimable character of Earl Ryvers ; of whom, as a public personage, Sir Thomas More declares, that he was " Vir, haud facile discernas, manuve aut consilio promptior." 1 Wednesday, 24 March, 19 Edw. IV. See Biog. Brit. iii. 361-2. The errors of the extracts in that work have been avoided by a collation with the original black letter. 246 WILL OF ANTHONY Testm dni Antonij nup dni de Ryvers. In the name of our Lord, Amen. I, Antony Widevile, &c. in hole mynd and fressh' memory, in the Castell of Shiryfhoton' the xxiij day of Juyn, and the vigill of Seint Joh'n Baptyst, the yere of our Lord M' cccclxxxiij, make my testament and last will in the fo'me folowyng. Furst I bequeith my soule unto the grete m'cy of Ih'u Crist, and to his dere moder our Lady Seint Mary, and to the glorious company of hevyn ; and my hert to be had to our' Lady of Pewe beside Seint Stephyns College at Westmynster, there to be buried by thadvyse of the Deane and his brethern' ; and if I dy be yend Trent, than to be bu ried be fore our' Lady of Pewe aforseid. Also I will that all such land as was my lord my faders, remayne holy to his right heyres ; w' my cupp of gold of columbyne, which was lefte me by bequest to that entent it shuld' remayne to the right heires of my seid lord my faders : and such londes as were the Lady Scalis my fyrst wyfe, be unto my brother Syr Edward and to his heyris male ; for faut of such heyres male, unto the right heyres of my seid lord my fadre. This is my will and entent therin, to take effecte as ferre as consciens and law will, and that to be sene and determyned by ij doctours of London and ij of Ox ford and of Cambrigge, or doctors at the lest, w* ij of the chefe Juges and ij of theldest s'jauntes of the lawe : and if they fynde that this myn entent may not with conscience and lawe, and any part therof, that it be guydid after their' demyng : and if they think that my seid brother may have it all, or for fawt of hym ony of my seid lord my fadre heires, he that shal have the lond to pay or he have possession v. c. marcas, that to be employed for the soules of my last wyfe Lady Scalys and Thomas hyr brother, and the soules of all the Scales blode, in helping and refresshing hospitalles and other dedes charitable : and if all the land may not be so had, than to pay but aft' the rate of such lond as I may bequeith. Also I will that all my goodes goo to the pay ing of my dettes. And all my fee simpill lond, that is to sey the maner of Tyrington hall in Middylton' with . the hundreth of Fre- brigge, the man' of Wolv'ton' w' thadvowson' in the counte of Nor- folke, the maner of Rokey in Barway in the counte of Hertford; to be sold to the same entent, and for to make an hospitall at Rowchestyr for xiij pou' folkes, and other dedes of charite, as to pay prisoners fees and small dettes, to visett the prisones of London', and help to bury the dede, w' other werkes of mercy. And as for my dettes I knowlege I owe to the bisshop of Worcester lx li. which I will he be truely paid. Also I knowlege that I owe , a somme of mony to Lomner mercer of London, as it wele apperith both by his billes and by my boke in my closett at London', which I wyll be content after consciens. Also I knowlege that I owe abowght xl li. to Ocles Mayce goldsmyth, as But- syde of London' and Griffith my servaunt can' tell, which Coles I wilbe truely content. Also I knowlege that I owe to the Mayor of Lynne, EARL RYVERS, 1483. 247 and to divers creditours in Norfolk, and to Abrey drap of Norwich, s'teyn' sommes of money, as apperith by warauntes signid by my hand to Fyncham myn' receyvor, which shuld pay theym of my lyvelode and fees in Norfolk and Suffolk growing from Mychelmas last passid ; which warantes I wilbe paid in any wyse. Also I remembre there was a preest claymid to be executor to a boucheer of London' callid Lamye, as Andrew Dymmok knowith, and that I shuld owe the same bocheer money, which I will in any wyse be paid ; and that therbe a preest founde a yere at our' Lady of Pewe, to pray for the sowle of the seid brocherer and all Cristen soules ; and an other for the sowles of Syr Henry Lowes ; and a preest to be fowde to syng at the Chapell of the Rodes in Grenewich, to pray for my soule and all Xp'en sowlys : and that my wyfe have all such plate as was the same Henry Lowes, and other of my plate to the valure of asmoche thing as I hadd of his ; also that- she have all such plate as was geven hyr at our' mariage, and the sparver of white sylke w' iiij peyre of shetes, ij payre of fus tians, a federbed, j chambring of gresylde ; and (except that stuffe) all other stuffe of howsehold in the Mote and at my place in the Vyntree, to be to my seid lord my faders heyres, advising theym on Goddes behalve that thabbot of Seint Jamys beside Northampton', and the Nonnes beside Caunturbury, be allwey dewley answerd of their' claymes, and Syr Joh'n Gilford to [be] contentet, as it apperith by the evidences that Richard Haute hath. Also I will that Seint Mary of York have my grete gilt basons, and such a somme of money as myn executours shall think goode, to pray for my soule. Also I owe to Syr Thomas Vaughan cc marc' wherof I have paid xx'' marc' here in the north, and he hath to plegge my balys in colombyne with v. perles. Also I will that all my household serv'ntes in the chekyr roll' have trewly ther wages for Mydsom' quarter, and every one a blak gowne. And as I remembyr I owe Will'm Butler xx.s' which I will he be paid. And as for myn evidences, Andrewe Dymmok knowyth them, and canne shewe how all my lond standith : and if Will'm Au brey, which was Coferer to the Kyng which now is whan he was Prince, Thomas Wytman, the seid Andrew Dymmok, Butsyde, and Joh'n Gryffyth, know any moo dettes that I shuld owe, I require them for to shew it : and I will myn executours in any wyse to pay to whom it be owyng ; and I desire on Goddes behalve that no man int'rupt my seid executours in fulfilling this my will', as they will answere at the dredefull day of dome: geving to my seid executours power by this my seid will, to take a rekenyng and levy all such sommes of money as is owyng me, of my lyvelod, fees, annuitees, or otherwyse ; and they to employe such goodes as shall come to their' handes, after this will and moost consciens, for the wele of my soule. And I will that all myn aray for my body and my horse harnes, be sold, and with the money therof be bought shyrtes and smokkes to pouer folkes : and my gowne of s2 248 WILL OF ANTHONY EARL RYVERS. tawney cloth of gold I geve to the Priour' of Royston', my trapper of blakk cloth of gold I geve to our' Lady of Walsingham. Also I desire and charge on Goddes behalve and upon' payne of damnation', that my feeffes make none astate nor relese, ne my tenauntes make no reto'ne but acording to theffect of this my last will. Also I will that all such lond as I purchasid by the meane of Syr Jamys Molaynes preest, remayn' still w' the man' of Grafton' toward the fynding ofthe preest of tharmitage : also the londes that I purchased beside the Mote, to remayne to my lord my faders heyres. Also I will that my Lady Willoughby, late the wyfe of Syr Gerveis Clyfton', be comond w1 all by myne executours, towching such stuffes as Syr Ewan;pson' of Wol- verton' and other my serVntes had awey from hyr place ; and she to be delt w' therin and answerid acording to goode right and conscience. And I will in no wyse that the Nonnes of Blakborough' be hurt in such londes of theires as lieth w'in the Roche Fenne of Myddylton', which I late closid. Also I will that Syr Jamys Molaynes, and Emson late Attorney of the Duchrie of Lancastre be comond w', and that it be sene if so be that I have occupied Bradon' w'out good right, that myn executours se the contentacion' and reformyng therof acording to right and conscience. And I will that thadvowson' of the parissh church of Bewdeley remayne the patronacion' therof to the right heires of my lord my fadre ; theym to present to the benefice, whan it shall fawle voyde, an able preest to pray for the sowles of my seid lord my fadre, my lady my modre, my brother S' Joh'n, me, and all Cristen sowles. Also I wull that Wyttyngton' College of London' have a somme of money to pray for my soule : and myn executours see that such tythes as I owt to have made, be answerid in the moost behofefull wyse for my sowle. Also I will that Tybold my barbo1 have v mark. And I will my s'vant Jamys have xl. s. Also 1 make myn execu tours, the Bisshop' of Lincoln' Chaunceler of Englond, the Bisshopp of Worcestyr, Husy the Chefe Juge of the Kinges Benche, Bryan the Chefe Juge of the Comyn Place, Will'm Tunstall, Robert Poynz, Ri chard Hawte, Will'm Catesby, Andrew Dymmok, and Thorn's Tho- rysby ; to which all, and at the lest to thre of them, I geve full aucto- rite and power, and prey them at the reverence of Ih'u, to see this my will may be fulfillid. Over this, I besech humbly my Lord of Glou- cestyr, in the worshipp of Cristes passhion' and for the meryte and wele of his sowle, to comfort help and assist, as supviso* (for very trust) of this testament, that myn executours may w' his pleasur' fulfill this my last will, which I have made the day aboveseid. In wittenes, Syr Thomas Gower knyght, Will'm Tunstall, Docto1 Lovell, Syr John' Esingwold vicar of Shyryfhoton', Syr Will'm Teysedale, Thomas Wawer, preestes, and Richard Lexton' gentylman'. My will is now to be buried before an Image of our' blissid Lady Mary, w* my Lord Rich ard, in Pomfrete ; and Ih'u have mercy of my soule,, Ike. 249 MARRIAGE SETTLEMENT OF WILLIAM HAUTE OF KENT, ESQ. WITH JOAN DAUGHTER OF RICHARD WYDEVILLE OF THE SAID COUNTY, ESQ. 18th JULY 1429. As an example of a marriage settlement of persons of the rank of Esquires, in the fifteenth century, the following document would be deserving of publica tion ; but its interest is increased by one of the contracting parties being nearly connected with the family, even if he was not the grandfather, of Queen Eliza beth Wydeville, consort of Edward the Fourth. Its chief value, however, is the illustration which it affords of the word " chamber," as applied to a bride. William Haute, the descendant of an ancient Kentish family, had, it seems, been previously married and had issue. It is a singular, as well as unjust sti pulation, after settling lands of the value of 1 00 marks as a jointure on his in tended wife, Joan Wydeville, with remainder to her heirs, that he should consent to defeat the settlement on his issue by his first wife in any manner that the counsel of his new father-in-law might devise ; and the only good feeling which Haute evinced on the subject was, by insisting that he should not be obliged to force his daughter into a convent; a reservation which proves that it was a com mon practice to provide in that way for portionless girls. The bride's dower was 40/. per annum, and her marriage portion 400 marks. The ceremony was to take place at Calais; all the expenses attending it were to be defrayed by the lady's fa ther; and Wydeville agreed to give to his son-in-law and daughter "her chamber,'' as a gentlewoman ought to have according to the situation in life of her father. " The chamber" was, properly speaking, the bride's personal ornaments, jewels, &c. though it sometimes meant the furniture of the apartment particu larly assigned to a wife, or even to a man ; but Roquefort defines it to be " ce qui est accords a la femme comme meubles apres la mort du mari." In the negociation for the marriage of King Henry the Sixth with the daughter of the Count of Armagnac, in 1442, the word is used in a manner which explains its import. Sir Robert Roos, one of the ambassadors, in a letter to the Count of Armagnac's minister pressed him to come to him and his colleagues to conclude the treaty, adding, " And to render the business more efficacious, you should be instructed with regard to the dower, and also of the paraphernalia, or female ornaments commonly called the chamber .•" and the same passage is re peated in a subsequent letter. In 1361, Humphry Earl of Hereford, by his will, gave his niece Katherine, the wife of Sir Thomas Engaine, 40/. for her chamber ; and Thomas Lord Burgh bequeathed his son in 1496, 40/. to his chamber, the one half in plate, the other in household stuff. The term " cham ber" seems, however, to have been sometimes used in a more enlarged sense, as Elizabeth, the consort of Henry the Seventh, was enabled by act of Parliament in 1487, to sell and grant leases independent ofthe King, in consideration " of the great expense which she must bear in her chamber and otherwise.1 As the marriage was to be solemnized at Calais, it might be inferred that Richard Wydeville was the person of those names who was lieutenant of that town 5th Hen. VI. were it not that Dugdale says that individual was knighted 4th Hen. VI. and that he was the father of Queen Elizabeth. The pedigree of the Wydeville family has never however- been accurately traced; and there are, it is presumed, many errors and omissions in Dugdale's account of it. 1 Rot. Pari. vi. p. 387. 250 MARRIAGE SETTLEMENT, 1429. This endenture maide betwene Richart Wydevift esquyere of he Counte of Kent one he tone pte and Will'm Haute esquyer of be said Counte oh be tob? pte berith wittenesse b* be said Richart and Willam bene accordet in be forme f fo- loweth b' is to saye bat be said WhTm shall have and with be grace of gode wedde to wyfFe Jahn Wydevift the dough- tre of be saide Richart in be forme and opon be covan'nttez b' folowen here aftre. First b' be foresaide Willam shaft make gyffeh in joyn- ture to hym and to be foresaide Jahn and to be heyrez of hym landez or rentez to b8 valewe of an C. markf yerly be whech he saith he haith in feesymple. Also as touchyng be landez b' bene entailet to be foresaid Will'm and to Mergrete his wyffe b' wasse and to be heyrez of her bodez lafully begoten and of any obf landez b' bene entailet to hym in any wyse he pmitteth and shaft discontinue or make discontinue and defeet or make defeet be warantie or warantise collaterale or in any obf wyse be foresaid taile or tailez as lafully and in als strangge wyse as be Councell of Y foresaid Richart and Willam can best devyse and gyff hym informacion except that he shaft not be desiret to make his doughtr a woman of Religion. Also be said Willam shall gyff or make gyffeh to be said Jahn in name of douere Sme of hir lyve landez or rentez to be valewe of xl11 yerly of be best and be suerest b' be said Willam haith to be choseyh by be devyse of be foresaid Richart Wyde vift and be his Councell. Wherefore be foresaid Richart Wydevift graunteth to J>e foresaid Willam Haute in maviage of be foresaid Jahn his dough tr iiij C. markf to be payet at be day of be said feofement af? he devyse and be councell of both he pties. Also Y foresaid Richart shaft make and paye all man? of costez of Y day of mariage between be said Willam and Jahn y doughtr of Y said Richart at Caleys. Also Y sa^ Richart shaft gyffen to b8 foresaid Willam and to Jahn his doughtr hir Chambre as a gentlewoman aught for to have and aftre be astaete of be foresaid Richart Wydevitt. And in wyttenesse of be whech thyngez be pties afore said to bese p^sent Indenturez have set to beyre seeles. Writen J>e xviij day of Y moneth of Juft be yere of kyng Henr be vj after j>" conquest of ynglond be vij. Harleian Charter, 80. I. 57, in the British Museum. 251 MONSTERS WHICH APPEARED IN THE TIME OF HENRY III. In the thirteenth century, a lusus naturce was regarded as an omen of evil import : in our own time it becomes a lucrative exhibition. The bi-corporal sheep and the female with two heads of the age of Henry the Third, may be contemplated by successive ages in juxtaposition with the Siamese twins and the lady with a beard, of the age of George IV. Both the following passages are extracted from a MS. entitled " Liber de Antiquis Legibus," and the engraving is an exact facsimile of the animal as there represented. De Agno monstruoso. Anno eode scilic3 in exitu anni M0- CC. septuagesimi mense March Qtigit in pago de Grenewyz juxta Lond qd queda ovis peperit qdda animal monst"osu habens duo corpora agnina & unicu solu capd. cui capiti ilia corpora p colla adhe- serut. qdlib3 v° corp9 habuit qatuor pedes & una caudam. capud v° fuit agninu habes duas auriculas. & nescitr si illud pdigiu ali- cuj9 infortuniu significaret. set notorium e qd dhs illi9 teneihti u' p>dca ovis pepit. sanus & incolumis & sufficient sobri9 & in potu & cibo modest9, eodem anno sbito & inopinate cecidfr in paralisim amittes usum loqhdi & officii! man9 sue dexte.* De q°dam Monstro. Erat olim in cofinio Britannie & Normannie quoddam mostru Kns duo capita feminina & brachia & oihia alia mbra geminansq, ad umbilicu. Inferi9 aut solumm0 duo crura duos pedes et ce?a sicut uni9 mulieris. qualibet ridebat comedebat loquebatr flebat esuriebat tacebat. ore gemino manduca^unt & biberunt. set uno meatu digerebaf. postremo aut una defucta est et sup- vixit alta et portavit fere t'ennio viva mortuam donee mole ponderis & fetore cadafis ipa quoq, defecit. * In his (Hen. III.) time a child was born in Kent, that at two years old cured all diseases. Also, in the fifty-sixth year of his reigu, a lamb was yeaned at Greenwich beside London, that had two perfect bodies and but one head. Baker's Chronicle. — There is a tradition that two females were born at Bidden- den in Kent in 1100, joined together- by the hips and shoulders, who lived in that state thirty-four years, one surviving the other six hours. — See Hasted, &c. Q/.-"? CONFLAGRATION OF NORWICH CATHEDRAL. RIOTS AT NORWICH, DURING WHICH THE CATHEDRAL WAS CONSUMED, (on 11th Aug. 1272. 56 HEN. III.) The conflagration of Norwich Cathedral has been considered by historians as an event arising from the political disturbances of the times ; but it should rather be viewed as the consequence of local riots confined to the City. There is much difference in the relations of chroniclers, by whom the citizens are gene rally stated to be the authors of the misfortune. Henry the Third proceeded to Norwich for the purpose of inquiring into these disturbances ; and Roger de Skerning, or Skerwing, Bishop of Norwich, held a Synod of his clergy at Eye, in Suffolk, on the 30th of August, and laid the City of Norwich under an interdict, at which the King expressed his surprise, and commanded it to be withdrawn : l it was accordingly suspended during his stay in the city, and also upon certain festi vals. The King ordered all knights or freeholders of £20. a-year to be summoned from Norfolk and Suffolk, and twenty-four knights or freeholders from Cambridge and Huntingdon, for inquests into the case, to be held before the King himself at Norwich, in eight days of the Nativity of the Virgin, 15 September.2 Laurence de Broc and Thomas Trivet (father of the historian) were appointed Justices for the trial of the malefactors. Thirty offenders were convicted and condemned to be executed ; and some ecclesiastics who were accused of being concerned in 1 Rex Rogero Norwicensis Episcopo . Salutem. Intelleximus quod vos nuper Civitatem Norwici ecclesiastico interdicto supposuistis et in omnes vic- tualiain praedictam Civitatem deferentes, excomunicationis sententiam promul- 7 Sep. gari mandastis, de quo quam plurimum admiramur ; unde ciim Nos et Pralati 1272 ac cseteri Magnates nostri venturi simus ad partes illas die Mercurii jam instanti, ut nostis, nee interdictum aut sententias hujusmodi in nostri et praedictorum Magnatum prsesencia tollerare possemus ; vobis Mandamus qubd statim inter dictum hujusmodi sub omni festinatione relaxari faciatis, et illud ex causa pre dicts relaxatum esse denuncietis, sentencias eciam excommunicationis occasione in deferentes victualium preedictorum quibus illuc accessuri nobiscum cariari 6 Sep. non possunt perlatas, revocari et relaxari similiter faciatis ad prassens. Teste 1 272. Rege apud Sanctum Edmundum sexto die Septembris. — Per consilium. (Rot. Claus. 56 Hen. III. m. 3. in dorso.) 2 Rex Willielmo Giffard Vicecomiti Norff' et Suff' salutem. Cum quidam blasphemise filii et propria; salutis inmemores nuper vi et armis insultum fece- runt in Monachos prioratus Norwici et in quosdam alios cum monachis ipsis in eodem prioratu existentes et quam plures ipsorum interfecerunt et ecclesiam et res sacras ac domos prioratus illius combusserint et alia sacrilegia ibidem animo irreverent! et infrimito multipliciter perpetraverint in offensam divini nominis ac subversionem ecclesiastical libertatis necnon et in nostri dedecus et perturbationem pacis nostra gravissimam qua? nobis angustiam et dolorem tanto vehemencius intulerunt quanto talia et tam detestabilia scelera numquam hac- tenus est auditum per aliquos perpetrata fuisse ; ac nos propter tantum et lam enorme facinus prout expositi rei qualitas puniendum ad partes Norwici acce- dere festinemus. Vobis mandamus in fide homagio et sub debito prastiti jura- menti quibus nobis estis astricti firmiter injungentes, quatinus omnes militeset llibere tenentes habentes viginti libratas terras vel ultra venire faciatis coram f nobis apud Norwycum. Ita quid sint ibi ad nos modis omnibus die Jovisiti 15 Sep. Octabis Nativilatisbeatce Marice proximo venture ad faciendum super hiis quod 19,72. de consilio nostro praecise duxerimus providendum, et hec sub pcenfi exhereda- tionis et periculo vitce et membrorum necnon amissioms omnium bonorum et CONFLAGRATION OF NORWICH CATHEDRAL. 253 the riot, were delivered over to the Bishop for trial. W. de Brunham the Prior was obliged to resign his dignity, in consequence of the popular clamour against him. The convent demanded 4000 marks as recompense, which in the third year ofthe reign of Edward I. 1275, was moderated by compromise3 to 3000 marks, and the city was charged with a pix for the host, of massive gold, equivalent to £100. in silver. The Bishop took off the interdict in 1275. The King restored the city liberties (which had been suspended), and a general absolution was obtained from the Pope in 1276. The account now first printed, is extracted from a MS. entitled " Liber de Antiquis Legibus,'' and will be found to differ materially in several respects from the accounts of the historians of that period. The blame of the transaction is here thrown upon the Prior. It recites, that by his consent the boys.and servants of the Monks very frequently entered the city, committing many assaults upon the men and women, both within and without their dwellings, and perpetrating many evils ; and that the Prior endeavoured to exercise an undue authority. It happened about the feast of the Trinity, that the servants of the monks beat, wounded, and killed certain citizens at their annual fair, and were in no wise willing to make recompense, but continued so persevering in their malice, that the citizens in self-defence congregated together, and prepared to resist force by force: which the Prior understanding, caused a vast multitude of catallorum qu» habeatis in regno nostro nullatenus omittatis. Et taliter et tam efficaciter in executione praesentis mandati nostri vos habeatis ne propter negligenciam omissionem vel defectum vestrum ultionem praedicti facinoris in personam vestram, quod absit, oporteat retorqueri, quod fieri faciemus si nego- cium istud per vos aliquatenus retardari contingat. Et habeatis ibi hoc breve. 5 Sep. In cujus, &c. Teste Rege apud Sanctum Edmundum quinto die Septembris. 1272. Item eodem modo mandatum est vicecomiti Cant' et Hunt', quod habeat ibi die praedicto de Comitatibus preedictis viginti et quatuor milites et libere tenentes habentes viginti libratas terrae et amplius. (Rot. Pat. 56 Hen. III. m. 4.) 3 Compromissum Episcopi Norwicensis, Prioris et Conventus ejusdem loci, et Civium Norwicensium. Cum super actionibus et quaerelis quas venerabilis pater R. Norwicensis Episcopus, Prior et Conventus ejusdem loci ex parte una et Communitas Civium Norwicensium ex altera asserebant ad invicem se habere, ratione combustionis Ecclesiae et Prioratus Norwicensis ac dampnorum datorum occasione combus tionis ipsius hinc inde et aliat ratione quacumque, mediantibus Decano Sarum et Thoma dc Clare tractatus pacis inter partes fuisset habitus; fuissentque per dictos Episcopum, Priorem et Conventum pro omnibus supradictis quatuor milia marcarum petita a Communitate predicts, ac ex parte Communitatis ejusdem duo milia marcarum oblata pro bono pacis. Tandem praedicti Epis copus et Prior pro se et Conventu suo, et Adam de Toftys, Willelmus de Rollesby, Henricus le Chaucer, et Rogerus de Tudenham, Cives Norwicenses pro dicta Communitate, super praedictis omnibus in dominum nostrum Regem tamquam in arbitrum, arbitratorem et ordinatorem alte et basse compromiserunt : ac volentes quod ipse inter dicta quatuor milia marcarum et duo milia scindere et ordinare, et terminos ad solvendum statuere, ac omnes actiones et quaerelas pradictas sopire valeat pro sua? libito voluntatis, promiserunt se quicquid idem Rex inter ipsas partes dicendum, arbitrandum, vel ordinandum duxerit pace vel judicio super pramissis inviolabiliter servaturas et facturas per dictum Conventum et dictam Communitatem in omnibus observari, ad quae compelli per potestatem regiam concesserunt. Dictum Regis super eodem compromisso. Unde nos Edwardus Dei gratia; Rex Angliae, Dominus Hiberniae, et Dux Aquitaniae, habito super praemissis prudentum virorum consilio, In nomine Patris et Filii et Spiritus Sancti dictum nostrum dicimus et propouimus in 254 CONFLAGRATION OF NORWICH CATHEDRAL. malevolents to come from Great Yarmouth, who in the disturbances of the kingdom had been thieves, robbers, and malefactors, and who all came by water to tbe monastery : these persons, ascending the belfry, and fortifying it as a castle, used bows and cross-bows, so that no one could pass through the villages or near to the monasteiy without being wounded. The citizens per ceiving this violence, adjudged the malefactors to be acting contrary to the King's peace, and endeavoured to apprehend and bring them to justice. They furnished themselves with arms, and approached the gate of the Court, which being shut, and powerfully defended, they set on fire. The fire gaining strength, the belfry, and all the dwellings of the Monks, and as some say, the Cathedral with all the relics of the Saints, books, and ornaments of the church, were consumed, and every thing combustible was reduced to ashes, excepting a Chapel, which remained unburnt.* The Monks, and all who were able fled, but some on both sides were killed. The King hearing these evil rumours, proceeded in vehement wrath to the city, and caused tbe suspected to be taken and imprisoned in his Castle; he caused also men without the city to be summoned, wishing to learn the truth of the affair by a jury : which being assembled before the justices ap pointed by the King, the Bishop of Norwich approached, and (according to our MS.) not inferior to the Prior in wickedness and cruelty, having no regard for the religion of his order or dignity, but lacking piety and mercy, and desiring to condemn all the citizens to death, excommunicated all who should take part with the citizens, lest judgment should be given in favour of them. In consequence of which excommunication the King was unwilling to grant any pardons, although requested by many religious, both within and without the city. Thus nothing was alleged on behalf of the citizens : neither that the Prior hunc modum. Inprimis dicimus et ordinavimus, quod omnes actiones et quaerelae quas habebant, vel habere poterant adinvicem usque hanc diem ratione vel occasione praedictis remittantur hinc inde. Et quod dicta Communitas reddat dictis Priori et Conventui ad reparandum seu reedificandum Ecclesiam et Prioratum praedictos, tria milia marcarum ad terminos. infra scriptos, videlicet quolibet anno quingentas marcas, medietatem scilicet ad quindenam Pentecos- tes, et aliam medietatem ad quindenam Sancti Martini, quousque dicta summa trium milium marcarum fuerit integre persoluta. Dicimus eciam et ordina vimus, quod dicta Communitas faciat fieri unum vas aureum ponderis decern librarum auri,praetii centum librarum argenti, ad tenendum corpus Christi super altare dicte Ecclesie. Dicimus insuper et ordinavimus, qu&d dicti Prior et Con ventus faciant ex quacunque parte voluerint portam et introitum dicti Prioratus, absque dampno vel prejudicio alieno. Adhuc dicimus et ordinavimus, qu&d praedicti Episcopus, Prior & Conventus bona fide in Curia Romana et alibi, sump- tibus Communitatis, exceptis expensis quas faciet nuncius praedictorum Episcopi, Prioris et Conventus, qui ibit ad Curiam Romanam ad impetrandum relaxa- cionem sententiarum latarum in dictam Communitatem et Civitatem Norwicen- sem, procurent, qu&d dicta Communitas et eorum Civitas a sentenciis excommu- nicationis et interdicti et aliis latis in ipsos racionibus et occasionibus supradictis absolvantur et dictae sentenciae totaliter relaxentur. Et si forte super praemissis vel eorum aliquo dubitationem aliquam oriri contigerit, nos declarandi et interpretandi dubitationem hujusmodi, retinemus nobis pienariam potestatem. f> Oct. Datum apud Westmonasterium v. die Octobris anno &c. tercio. (Rot. Claus. 1275. 3 Edw. I. m. 3.) — The documents 1, 2, 3, in the foregoing notes are now first printed. * John Causton, a Monk, saved the cellar of the infirmary and the vaults by quenching the fire with their contents. CONFLAGRATION OF NORWICH CATHEDRAL. 255 and his accomplices were the origin and cause of the misfortune ; nor that the citizens had suffered so many losses and evils through the Prior : inquisition only was made as to persons present in the conflict, and all these being in dicted were condemned to death. About thirty youths of the city were drawn and hanged, and after death their bodies burnt. A priest and two clerks were manifestly convicted of robbery in the church, and delivered over to the secular power for judgment. It was afterwards found by an inquisition of forty knights, that the Church was burnt by the Prior, and not by the fire of the citizens. Certain smiths had been secreted beneath the tower of the church, and employed by him to make weapons to be used against the city; who, when they saw the belfry alight, fled, and did not extinguish their fire, which caught to the tower and church. It was also found that the Prior had most maliciously proposed to burn the city, and had caused the same to be fired in three different places. Some of the citi zens attempting to vindicate his wickedness, implicated him the more, inasmuch as by the same fire they set the door of the priory alight. The Prior was convicted of homicide, robbery, and innumerable cruelties and iniquities per sonally committed by himself and his accomplices. The King, therefore, caused him to be taken and delivered to the Bishop, that he might be put into safe cus tody, and produced " coram Rege" at the King's command. The Prior, how ever, purged himself " more ecclesiastico," and thus passed unpunished ; but half a year afterwards, divine vengeance overtaking him, he died miserably. This narrative which was probably written immediately after the disaster, as it mentions the event only without its termination, exhibits the circum stances more favourably towards the citizens than the other accounts ; and the plain matter-of-fact manner in which the details are told, is indicative of greater authenticity than the laboured ex parte statements of most of tbe his torians, who being chiefly ecclesiastics, naturally, and without reservation, inclined to their " order." Godwin must be excepted from this observation : his statement exhibits no unfair bias, and a remarkable agreement with the document now published.4 The Prior is only incidentally mentioned by Mat- 4 Ad portam ccenobii Catbedralis nundinae sunt celebratae ; in quibus forte fortuna contentione inter'nescio quos exorta, a verbis ad verbera perventum, et a Monachorum famulis civium aliquot sunt interempti. Magistratus quem Coronatorem appellamus, (cujus est arbitris adhibitis, pronunciare de caede, utrum casu vel data opera perpetrata videatur) post rem cognitam, lictoribus mandat, ut homicidas, si forte prodire contingat comprehendant. Qua re nunciata Monachi in cives excommunicationis fulmen ejacularunt; et occlusis portis, non contenti vim prohibuisse, ultro intulerunt, crebrisTialistarum ictibus convulnerantes cives praetereuntes ; ac deinde portis effusi, plurimos obtrun- cantes, aedes quoque nonnullorum diripientes, ac per totam noctem circa vicos civitatis petulantissime debacchantes. Qua propter, urbano praetori consultum visum, populum ad arma convocare, qui tanto numero confluxere, ut exercitum justum confecerint. Neque contineri poterant, Ecclesiasticorum injuriis provo- cati, quin valvis ccenobii igne illato, vi irrumperent. Ingressi urbani numero potiores, Monachos locorum angustiis se tueri conantes, magna vi invadunt. In eo conflictu multi utrinque ferro absumpti. Sed cives tandem superiores evaserunt ; et injuriarum pridie illatarum memores, postquam caedibus vin- dictae cupiditatem explessent, ad ¦rapinas conversi; quicquid pecuniarum, argenti caelati aut supellectilis reperissent quod possent asportare, eripuerant ; ne a libris quidem aut ornamentis ecclesiasticis sacrilegas manus abstinentes. Flamma interea paulatim repens non tantum portas, sed hospitia pauperum, Monachorum cellas, Prioris stabulum ac pistrinum, deindfe etiam campanile 256 CONFLAGRATION OF NORWICH CATHEDRAL. thew Paris,4 who suppresses all that could tend to the scandal of the church. The event is but briefly recorded by Hemingford, Trivet, and Matthew of Westminster. An account furnished by Bartholomeus de Cotton, a Monk of Norwich, in the " Annales Norwicenses," is a curious specimen of ingenuity in making the best ofa lame story for bis own party. After relating the destruction ofthe church in a strained and apparently exaggerated manner, together with the measures adopted for the punishment of the offenders, (who, it is hardly neces sary to observe, were, according to the clerical historian, the Citizens,) he modestly undertakes the defence of the Prior at the expense of implicating every one else.6 Ecclesiae invasit, ac ipsam Ecclesiam turpissime deformavit. Verum r.'que hie finis extitit maloram. Placet Monachis bellum redintegrare ; et armatorum auxilia ex Yarmutha (oppido maritimo ad decimum inde lapidem) accersere. Hii infesto agmine urbem intrantes cuncta ferro atque flammis miscuere. Sic ultro citroque per aliquot dies cladibus illatis; hujusce tumultus Rex certior factus (Henricus tertius) quam potest celerrime accurrit. Quo conspecto, armati utrin- que protinus diffugiunt. Sacrilegii authores ab Episcopo Roffensi excommuni- cantur. Trivetus Justitiarius, causa cognita, multos civium ad mortem damnatos, suspendi jubet, et semivivos (proditorum usitato apud nos supplicio) dilani- andos. Mulier verb quae prima portis ccenobii ignem admoverat, ignibus absu- menda decernitur. Ad Monachos quod attinet; Romam provocantes, non solum judiciorum laqueis ipsi sunt elapsi ; sed primi totius mali authores, litem inde civibus intentarunt, quae diu agitata. Tandem re ad Edwardum per Pon- tificem delata, qui patre Rege nuper mortuo, ex Palestina reversus, Romam Pon- tificem salutatum pervenerat : illius judicio constitutum est, ut cives ad refici- endam Ecclesiam et ea restauranda quae vel flammae vis vel hominum furor devastasset, millia marcarum tria infra sex annos persolverent, videlicet quot annis quingentas. Deinde ut pixidem auream confestim fieri curarent, in quo panis Eucharisticus perpetub posset asservari. — Godwin de Praesulibus. 6 Hoc anno orta contentione inter Cives Nomuicensis et Monachos, insti- gante Diabolo tantum efferati sunt Cives et communitates villae, ut totam illam celebrem Ecclesiam cum aedificiis darent flammis excepta Capella Sancti Walteri secus infirmarium. Nee contenti tanto facinore, vasa, libros, et jocalia qua; flamma non tetigerat manibus sacrilegis asportarunt, cum cuppa aurea quae pendebat ad majus altare in quo corpus Dominicum ponebatur. Super quare indignatus admodum Rex Henricus, per pietatem, inquit, Domini, vadam et videbo personaliter scelus istud, et juxta sua demerita reddam illis. Misit igitur illuc ante faciem suam Justiciarium Militem quendam dictum Tryvet, quem et Justitiarium fecerat de corona. Urgente autem mandato Regio horroreque facinoris magna multitudo convicta de scelere, ad caudas equorum tracta, sus- pendio judicatur. Rex vero quam cito potuit, assumpto secum Episcopo Roffensi et Gilberto Comite Gloverniae, versus Noruuicum iter arripuit cum non modico apparatu. Cum vidisset Ecclesiam conflagratam & totam igne consumptam, vix potuit se a lachrymis continere. Episcopus autem Roffensis anathematizavit omnes, huic nequam facinori consentientes. Proximam Rex confestim con- demnavit villae communitatem in tribus millibus marcarum argenti, solvendis Ecclesiae laesae infra terminum ; ad reaedificandum dictam videlicet Ecclesiam condemnati sunt. Praeterea ad restaurandum cuppam auream de pondere decern librarum auri & valore centum librarum argenti. Dominus Willielmus de Brunham illius Ecclesiae tunc temporis erat Prior. — Mat. Paris. e Postea Justiciarii Domini Regis fecerunt quosdam ex delinquentibus equis trahi ad furcas, postea suspendi, demum corpora eorum comburi ; quod divites perpendentes, muneribus corruperunt justitiarios, liberos homines patria, consilium Domini' Regis, et etiam xlviii milites cinctos gladio juratos, ita quod tunc cessavit punitio : et per falsitatem et malitiam imposuerunt multa falsa CONFLAGRATION OF NORWICH CATHEDRAL. 257 Blomefield in his History of Norfolk examines the whole circumstances with much research and fairness; but he does not appear to have been aware ofthe existence of any historical relation of this event similar to the present. An old roll in the Book of Charters, fol. 127, is quoted by him as giving the following account of the origin of this quarrel. " At the fair then held on Trinity Sunday before the monastery gates, in a certain void place, late a church-yard, the same' day after dinner, came the young men of the town on horseback, as they used to do, and ran with their spears at the quintyne ; and there for the truncheons of the spears, arose a contention between the Prior's men. and the men of the town, so that many of the townsmen were killed in the fray ; wherefore the coroners ofthe city took an inquest, and found the Prior's men guilty, and made out a precept to take them, if they came within the liberty ofthe town; and not long after, two were taken in the city liberties, whereupon arose this great envy and discord between the Prior and townsmen. " For this inquest the Prior got the citizens excommunicated, pretending it a breach of his privileges, which increased the malice between them till August, so that the Prior's men shut up their gates, and hung out over them scutcheons, targets, bucklers, and cross-bows, with which they wounded many that went by : and on Sunday before St. Lawrence, the Prior's men came out by night armed, and robbed a merchant called Alfred Cutler, to £20. value and more, and then broke open Hugh Bromholm's tavern, and proceeded in the manner as is before related." 1272.] — Hoc anno (lvi° Hen. III.) mense Augusti apd Nore- wycii accidit qddam pessimu infortuniu & in? xpianos inauditu qd ecca Cathedalis in honore See T'nitatis ab antiq0 ibide fundata cobusta est p igne volutar impositu/ cu oibus domibj Monachoij. infra claustur dee ecce costuctis & hoc fuit p supbia illi9 qui tunc tepis fuit p^r illi9 cenobii sicut in subseqntib3 cognosci poSit. Nam p assensu &. cosensu illi9 p'oris garcoes & servientes Mona- choif sepissime intaverut Civitate verberantes & whftates hoies & Willielmo de Brunham tunc temporis Priori. Propter quae liberatus fuerat carceri Domini Episcopi, et omnia maneria spectantia ad Prioratum seisita fuerunt in manum Regis, scilicet ea quae inventa fuerunt in custodia sua. Tota etiam civitas et omnes libertates eidem civitati concessa; captae fuerunt in manu Domini Regis; et Rex assignavit custodes ad custodiendum civitatem nomine suo. Quampiures etiam de civitate, timentes adventum Regis, fuge- runt extra civitatem ; qui fere postquam Rex recesserat, omnes reversi sunt. Et erat dolendum, quod in praedicto facinore quampiures Sacerdotes et alii Clerici infra sacros et extra existentes, quampiures etiam forinseci de patria, fuerunt consentientes et agentes. Dolendum est insuper, quod xlviii milites decepti per aliquos de ipsis majores muneribus corrupti, dixerunt falso et malitiose, qubd ecclesia fuit combusta per ignem intus existentem male custo- ditum. Dicebant tamen, et hoc verum, qubd cives fecerunt insultum, et appo- suerunt ad portas et ad alia loca, &c Sub eodem tempore vi kal. Octobris recessit Rex ft Norwico ; et in crastino frater Willielmus de Brunham renunciavit Prioratum Norwici sponte, pure, et absolute in manibus Episcopi apud Thorp tunc infirmi. — Anglia Sacra. 258 CONFLAGRATION OF NORWICH CATHEDRAL. feminas inf" domos suas & ex3 & multa mala facientes. It ille p'or exaere a comuna Civitatis hoies de libtate nitebatr ut eent sub dominio suo sepatia comuna. It cu Cives freant singul annis una. feria. p antiqua cosuetudine r' cotigit hoc anno c'ca festu See T'nitatis venientibj Civibus cu ificimoniis suis ibidem & cii major pars eoif I fine nundinaf ref'si fu?nt ad .pp'a/ servientes Monachoi} illos qui remanserut neq"? insultantes fberaverunt vulntaverut & q°sda intfecerut & sup hoc nucqja nfta emendam fa8e curavert set semp in malicia & neq'cia sua psefantes •? versus Cives oia mala ppetavert. Cives aut tot mala & tantam violenciam ferre amplius no valentes -f cogregaverut se & ad arma j?para- verut ut vim vi repellerentj qd ille pessim9 Prior intelligens fecit venire de Gernemuta magnam multitudine malivoloif qui tepe turbacois regni extiEant fures raptores & malefactores qui oes venerut p aqas ad ittd cenobiu ascendetes sup berefridu ubi capane dependebant munietes illu cu armis veluti cast" & inde t^erut* ad cu arcubus & balistisr' Ita qd nullu9 p vicos vl venellas ;ppe cenobiu tansire poEat nisi fuisset vulri?at9. Hanc violencia Cives videntes arbitati sut illos malificos ee manifeste ga pace dni Regis qui fe8ut Castru ad ultimu in Civitate sua. Qui cogegati disponentes illos cophende 8t addu8e ad justicia Regis.-' armis se munierut qui appingqantes ad portam curie clausam n5 valen tes intare pp? municom hoinu armatoif igne imposito portam cudeliE succenderut q° igne invalescente berefdus succendit & oia domicilia Monachoif & eciam ut q'da, dicut Cathedalis ecca/ p dolor/ cu oib3 reliqiis scoif libris & ornamentis ecce. Ita qd q'cq'd coburi po?at deductu est in cineres excepta quada. Capella que incobusta remansit. Monachi vero & oes qui po?at ponentes se in fuga evaserut set tn quida, ex utaq, parte in?fecti sut. Domin9 aut Rex audies hos pessimos rumor valde codoluit q1 in furore & in ira vehementi jrfect9 est ad illam Civitate & veniens ibi fecit capi de Civib3 q°tq°t fuerut suspcti & incarSari in Castello suo & fecit sumoneri homines exta Civitate j?dcam manentes. Volens p eos juratos scire huj9 rei veritate/ quibj venientib3 cora Justiciar p dhm Rege ad hoc electisr' accessit Epc illi9 loci Rogus noie n5 degerSans a neq'cia & cMelitate p'oris sui nc cosidans ad religiom ordinis seu dignitatis sue set carens oi pietate & fhia cupiens p posse suo oes Cives morti * Sic in orig. CONFLAGRATION OF NORWICH CATHEDRAL. 259 dapnarer' Cora, oi populo excoicavit oes q1 favore nfcede pietate seu mia alicui de Civib3 part3 ne tansisset p judiciii. Ita qd p9 lata, sham dhs Rex nulli aliqua, gram voluit coferre licet fuisset req'situs p multos viros religiosos manentes infra Civitate & exa. Et tuc nichil allocatu fuit Civib3 qd p'or & coplices sui fuerut origo & causa toci9 illi9 infortunii nc dapna nc tot mala que Cives passi sut p p>dcm p'orem & suos/ set tmodo fea est. inquisico qui fuerut 1 illo coflictu, qui oes de hoc indictati p juratof morte dapnati & adjudicante Laureneo de Brok' qui est Justiciari9 apd Neugate ad gaola delibanda. qui tunc fuit ibide p>sens. fuerut juvenes de Civitat nunio e'rei? t'ginta crudelissima morte dapnati. Scilic3 detacti suspesi & corpa post morte igne cemata. Quida v° sa8dos & duo clerici manifeste sut covicti fecisse roberiain illaeccia qui taditi sut epo ad judicandu scdm cosuetudine See Ecce. Postea p verissima inq'sicom xl. milit' ppe Civitatem manensiu coptii est qd ilia ecca cobusta fuit per illu maledcm & no p ignem Civiu. Ille naq, occulte venire fe8at fabros sursu in TurrT ecce qui fecert ibi tela & pila ad tahed cu ift cu balistis in Civitate. Q' vero fabri cu vidissent berefridu coburi sicut presc'ptu est -f po- suerut se in fugam 8t no extixerut ignem suu/ quo igne invalescente accensa est fris &. ecca cobusta. Coptii est et1 qd ille ne~ quissim9 p'or ^posulat tota. Civitate coburere/ unde ipe p q°sda coplices suos fecit igne poni in t'b3 locis Civitatis. Quida v° de Civib3 volentes malu suu vindicare illd pessime augmenta- verut. Nam ipi illo eode igne succenderut porta de p>dco p'oratu de qa supi9 mencio fea est. fuit et1 ille nequa Prior covict9 de homicidio de robia & aliis innumerabilib3 cudelitatib3 & iniq'ta- tib3 & p eu psonalit? & p iniq°s coplices suos fcis. Et ideo dhs Rex fecit eu capi & tadidit illu Epo suo ut illu salvo custodiret in p'sona sua & ,pdu8et cora. Rege ad mandatu suu. Postea ille p'or coram epo suo q' nimis erat ei favorabilis prgavit se more eccastico & ita ille neq'ssim9 de c'mine ei impoito ^ dolor impu- nit remansit/ q1 p9ea infra dimid annu dcus Rex & prilcus Domin9 E. habuerut 7 Aug. in? se magnu &. longu colloq'u sup tansfretacoe dei E. & reb3 1269- aliis. Postea dcus Domin9 E. pfect9 est ^su9 Dofiam. Diet9 aut Rex die Jovis p°x' sequte venit Londoniis & Regina sua cu eo q"m nup desposafat in partib3 Alem't filia cuj9da nobil de t-ra ilia. Postea p°x' die ante vigil Assupcois be Mar' Virgi- 1 3 ¦AuS- nis Domin9 Eadward9 Domin9 Henr' de Alemannia. Domin9 Rog?us de Leyborne. Domin9 Rob't Walrand. Domin9 Gasto de Byerne & plures alii milites & servientes tansfretaverut. Postea diet9 Eadward9 in festo Nativitatis be Mar' p°x' seqiitis 8 Sep. applicuit apd Dofia rediens a p>dco parliamento ubi in? {Mem 1269- Rege Francie & ipm c5venerat sicut in hoc libro Gallicis verbis sub notaf. Guidone filio Simonis de Monteforti occiditur, in ultionem viriliter paternae mortis. 4 id. Martii, an. 1271. Mat. Paris. Hemingford. * See Rot. Claus. 54 Hen. III. and Rot. Pat. 54 Hen. III. passim. Pro servientibus Regis ad arma. Rex Thesaurario et Baronibus suis de Scaccario et Camerariis suis salutem. Ciim dilectis nobis Simoni de Andrewyk, Johanni de Berkham, Tassardo de Cluse, Johanni le Romeyn, Elye de Eshwell et Willielmo de Makecayn servien tibus nostris ad arma, quorum quilibet de nobis percipientes per diem duo- decim denarios pro vadiis suis, unde breve nostrum de liberate ad Scaccarium nostrum residet de recepta, de eisdem vadiis aretro sint sexies viginti libre ut aceepimus ; Nos pro eo quod prefati servientes nostri cum karissimo filio Ed- wardo primogenito nostra de licencia nostra profecturi sunt ad Terram Sanctam, in subsidium ejusdem de arreragiis predictis modis omnibus eis in brevi satis- fieri volentes ut tenemur : Vobis mandamus quod si dictis servientibus nostris in predictis sexies viginti libris de eisdem arreragiis teneamur, tunc eis aliqua clara debita sexies viginti librarum de debitis nostris assignari, et eadem debita sine dilatione levari, et prefatis servientibus nostris habere faciatis. Ita quod eas promptas habeant in Octab' Sancte Trinitatis proximo futur' ad ultimum. Et ita quod pro defectu ejusdem pecunie Iter servientium predictorum cum prefato filio nostro, cum dictus filius noster illud arripuerit, in dicti filii nostri et ipsorum dispendium et dedecus manifestum nullateuus retardetur. Teste .« apud Westm' xxviii die Maii. (Rot. Claus. 54 Hen. III. m. 7.) mo^' In a Letter Patent which recites that " Ed wardus primogenitus noster, negocio crucis quam humeris suis assumpsit, invadiare dimittere seu ad firmam tradere proponat custumas suas Burdegaliee tam majores quam minores," Henry fully confirms whatever may be done. (Rot. Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 6.) f Beatrix de Falquemort, niece to Conrad Archbishop of Cologne. 268 PRINCE EDWARD'S CRUSADE Lowys* par la gace de Deu Roys de France a tous ceus q' ceste lettre's verunt saluz. Nous ws fesums asaver ke entre nus & nostre trecher Cusin mun seinur Eadward aizne fiz du noble Roy de Engletere sunt fetes de comun acord sur sa voye dou pelerinage de outre Mer iceles cuvenaunces. Nus devums |?st' a devandit Edward seisaunte & dis Mile livere de Tmoys/ cuntees en ceste sume vint & cine Mile liveres de Trnoys/ les queles Gas- tons visconte de Byarne deveit aver de nus pr lui e pur son pas sage e pur sa genz ke il deveit mener en pelerinage de outre Mer oveke nus le quel le devandit Edward ad receu celi Gastons e sa genz en sa cumpaine e de ices seisante dis Mile livres deit estre baillez pur chevaus pr irandes pr nefs epr passage de celi Edward ce ke mes? luy sera e serra paye par nos genz ou par ceus que nus i meterons a ceus de qui les choses desus dites seront p'ses ou achatees pr icely Edward par la vewe de ces genz ke il avera a ce aturne. E si remenant ia il sera delivre a iceli Edward la ou nus serums oute Mer ajJs ce ke il sera venuz a n9. E les devandit dehJs iceli Edward est tenu a rendre a nus cest asaver chescu an dis Mile livres a deus ?mes desus escrites jekes a tant ke nus soyons enterignement payez de tuz les seisante dis Mile livres. E cumencera la p'mere paye cest a savoir de cine Mile livres en mi Mars Ian del incarnacion nos? seinur Mil deus cens e seisante treze. Et lautre paye des autres cine Mile livres a la Nativite Seint Johan Baptiste pchein suant. E issi de an en an a ices ?mes jekes atant ke nus serus par payez. E serut pay ez ces den?s chescun an a Paris au Temple dedeinz la q'nzeine ap>s les ?mes desus nomees du paage de Burdeaus par la mein du Cunestable de celi Edward ou par celi ke tendra sun leu ou de lur mandemet. E veut iceli Edward ke de eel paage a chescun ?me ne seit riens mis en autre usage jekes atant ke nus aiums eu enterignement la paye de chescun ?me le quel paage le devandit Edward nus ad assene en la devandite manere. E oblige e temoigne en sa let tre ke il nus ad bailie ke ce est par volunte nos? cher cusin le Roy de Engletere son pere pr la sume de deri?s devant dis. E veut ke nus enseyums payez chescun an des lors sicu il est desus dit sanz failir. E de cest assignement e obiigemet iceli Edward nus deit fere avoir les lettres noster cher cusin le Rey d'Engletere son pere devandit oveke les sues lettres.f * St. Louis or Louis IX. died at Tunis on the feast of the Invention of St. Stephen, 25 Aug. eet. 55, and was succeeded by Philip le Hardi, his son. (Histoire de la I ranee par P. G. Daniel. See also Joinville.) t Henry accordingly issued an obligation to the said effect, tested at Win- hester on Tuesday next before the feast of St. Michael 1269. (Fcedera, N. E. TO THE HOLY LAND. 269 E si il avenoit avant ke les den?s devandis fusent paye ke ce li Edward tenistplus de ?re ke il ne tient au tens de ore en Reaume de France iceli Edward veut ke ele seit ausi oblige pr la paye desusdite. E oveke tut ce il n9 oblige pr la paye devandite si defaute i avoit ces biens mubles e no mubles les queus porunt estre truvees en nostre Reaume. Apres il nus ad pmis ke il serra au plustart dedens lassupcon nos? dame prochein avenir au port d'Eque-Morte aparaile de passer se il ne avoit tele ensoine par quei nus la tenisums escuses. E ensi estoit ke il ne venist a nus pr le assoine devat dite dut Deus le defende/ il veut e otreye ke de ces choses les queles sa gent av"unt achatees de deiBs desus dis ke nus en reteignons e pregnons ce ke il nus plera par la pris ke il averunt este achatees e le remenant soit vendu par ces gens fnchement sanz encubrement de nuly e les deifls ke en isfnt serut renduz a nus ou a nostre cumandement en aquitance du p>st avandit. E ce ke demur ad a parfere du payement de la some devandite sera p's sus le assenement avandite sulu la resun des ?mes devandis. E ad pmis uncore iceli Edward ke il tavaliera en bone fei de passer e de venir au plus tost ke il pora la ou nus seroms. E autre si il ad pmis en bone fei ke nule greveances ne damages ne fra par luy ne par les soens en nostre ?re ne en la ?re de nos freres ke il unt en nostre Reaum ou de hors en alant en sun pelerinage e en demorant 8t en retornant. E tant cu il sera en sun pelerinage oveke nus il nus obeyera en bone fei ausi cu uns de nos baruns de nos? Reaume pr fere le service nos? seinur.- E totes ces choses devandites iceli Edward nus ad jurees par seintes Ewangelies a gard fermemet & a tenir liaument & a parfere en bone fei enterinemet e especiau- ment pr cest article cest asav* pr venir au port devandit & pr passer la ou n9 ferons sicu il est desus dit. Iceli Edward deit balier a Paris un de ces fiz en Ostage dedeinz la rjchein Chan- de-lur a nus ou a nos? cumademt/ le quel sun fiz sera tut q'tes & delivres de cest ostage si tost cii iceli Edward vendra la ou nus serus. E nus le ferums q'te deliverer a iceli Edward son pere. E si il aveneit ke li devandit Edward murust avant ke il venist a n9 ou autre assoine li avenist/ dunt Deus defende/ par quei nus le tenisoms assoine sicu il est desus dit li enfanz sera tot q'te delivres a luy ou a sa mere ou a sun cumandemet ou au Rei de Engleterre sun pere ou a la Reyne sa mere ou a lur vol. i. p. 481.) — A truce for five years was also concluded between Henry and Louis. (Foedera, N. E. vol. i. p. 482.) 270 PRINCE EDWARD'S CRUSADE mandemet si il avenoit issi ke la mere al enfant murust avant. E a ceste deliverance sumes nus tenuz & nos? heir. E en temoigne de ces choses iceli Edward mis a fet baillier ces lettres pendans selees de sun sel. E oveke tot ice nos? cher cusin Henri fiz ainzne le Rei de Alemaine. Gastons viscunte de Byarne. Thomas de Clare frere le Cunte de Gloucestre. Rog' de Ley- burn. Rob't Walerand chevalers ont jurees a Seintes Ewangelies a la requeste du devandit Edward ke il en bone fei fvalirut & mettrut liaument cunseil e peine ke li devant dit Edward garde acomplise les cuvenances devatdites. E unt ajointe as lettes de celi Edward lur seaus ovekes le seel iceli Edward en temoigne de tutes ces choses devandites. E nus en temoine des choses desusdites avons a ces p>sentes lettres fet mettre noster seel. Ce fu feet a Paris le Mercredi ap>s la feste Seint Barthelmeu lapostre 28 Aug. En Ian de nos? seinur. Mil & deu cens & soisante & noef.* 1269. In the new edition ofthe Foedera there are two documents containing lists ofthe persons who, having taken up the Cross, obtained the King's letters of protection during their absence from England with Edward. The following extracts, ofa similar nature, which include tbe most influential persons ofthe time, are wholly omitted in that publication. Appended are the above-men tioned letters of protection printed in the Foedera, whereby the series is rendered complete, and placed at one view before the reader. The importance of these documents is great, as showing those who were absent from England on the crusade ; and who were, consequently, disengaged from the commotions of the concluding part of the reign of Henry the Third. By reference to the chro nological abstract of the first volume of the Parliamentary writs, it will be seen that many returned and bore a prominent part in the affairs of the reign of Ed ward the First. * This covenant has been hitherto unpublished; and although its counter part is printed in the Fcedera, it was found necessary to print the whole, verba tim, in consequence of the minute differences, which are too numerous to admit of curtailment ; and which prove that each document was drawn up separately. The covenant on the part of Edward commences and concludes as follows :— A tous les ceaus a qi ces lettres vendront Edward fuis eisne a noble Roy d'Engleterre saluz en Dieu. Sachent tuit qe entre nostre chier Cousin Looys par la grace de Dieu noble Roy de France, e nous, sont fetes de comun acort sur nostre voiaie du pelerinage d'outre Mer iceles covenaunces. Li dit Roy de France doit prester a nous sexante et dis mile livres de Tornois &c. (ut supra, mutatis mutandis.) Done fu cest escrit e fet a Paris le Mardi prochein apres la feste Saint Berthelemi l'apostre, an de l'incarnation nostre Seignieur Mil deus cenz sessante nevyme. It will be seen that the covenant on the part of Edward is dated on the Tuesday after St. Bartholomew, whilst that of Louis is dated the day follow ing. It is possible that Edward first drew up the conditions of the covenant, which Louis agreed to, and confirmed by the above document. TO THE HOLY LAND. 271 [Rot. Patent. 54 Hen. III. m. 15. d.] Rex omnibus &c saltm. Cumdilectus et fidelis noster Robertus de Uffbrd crucesignatus nobiscum et cum Edwardo primogenito nostro profecturus sit ad partes transmarinas in subsidium Terras Sanctas, suscepimus in protectionem & defensionem nostram eun- dem Robertum, homines, terras, res, redditus et omnes posses- siones suas. Et ideo vobis mandamus, quod ipsum Robertum, homines, terras, res, redditus et omnes possessiones suas manu- teneatis, protegatis et defendatis, non inferentes eis vel inferri permittentes injuriam, molestiam, dampnum seu gravamen. Et si quid eis forisfactum fuerit, id eis, sine dilatione, faciatis emendari. In cujus rei testimonium, has litteras nostras eidem Roberto fieri fecimus patentes, a festo Pasche proximo praeterito per quadriennium proximo sequentes duraturas. Volumus eciam quod idem Robertus a tempore quo iter praedictum arripuerit, per tantum tempus, quod extunc superfuerit, ad perficiendum quadriennium praedictum sit quietus de omnibus placitis et quaerelis, exceptis placitis de dote unde nichil habet, assisa novas disseisinae et ultimas praesentationis, prassentibus minime vali- turis, si contingat ipsum iter prasdictum non arripere, nee post- quam citra praedictum quadriennium redierit de partibus supra- 12 M dictis. Teste Rege apud Westmonasterium xij die Maii. 1270. Similar letters of protection were issued on behalf of the following persons. Alyanora Consors Edwardi filii Regis. Edwardus Alius Regis primogenitus, Thomas Maudut. per quinquennium. Tested at 2^ May, 1270 Johannes Lovel. Westm' 23 May. Ricardus de Aston. Laurencius de Sancto Mauro. Tested 25 May, Thomas de Clare. at Westm' 25 May. 127°- Johannes le Parker. Willielmus Geneville. Ranulphus de Arderne. Johannes de Arden'. Ricardus de Brus. Robertus de Turberville. Walterus de Percy. Willielmus Leoyn de Brampton. Willielmus de Huntercumbe. Robertus le Keu. Elyas de Rolleston. Dated 10 May. Alanus de Castell, Civis London. Willielmus le Latymer. Hugo de Berewic. Johannes de Peyton. Ricardus le Eyr. Tested at Westm' 26 June, Galfridus de Geynvill'. 26 June. mo- Nicholaus de Sedgrave. Robertus de Marisco. Willielmus Peche. Willielmus le Mareschal. Hamundus de Gayton. Walterus de Biblesworthe. Rogerus de Leyburne. Thomas Tredegold. Willielmus Giffard. Galfridus Payne. 272 PRINCE EDWARDS CRUSADE Willielmus le Blont. : Petrus filius Roberti, Civis R.Lin coln. Willielmus de Gleseby, persona ec clesiae de Bassingham. Radulphus le Sauser. Robertus le Clerk, vadlettus A. Con- sortis Edwardi. Alexander Luterel. Nicholaus Crok. Johannes de Ingeldestborp. Robertus filius Simonis de Wy. Benedictus le Canun de Alfeniston. Radulphus Barry. Johannes de Vescy. Adam de Norh'pt', Burgensis Winto- niae. Henricus filius Galfridi de Horsede. Robertus de Crok. Henricus filius Henrici de Sconebrok'. Johannes de Ernefeud, parsona ec clesiae de Warblington. Thomas de Sandwyco. Johannes de Romundby. Odo de Polecote. Simon de Kel worth. Galfridus de Toucestre. Johannes de la Bere. Lucas de Thany. Philippus de Coleville. Rogerus de Trompyton. Robertus de Bodeham. Radulphus de Cotun. 10 July, Robertus de Haulton. Tested at 1270. Westm' 10 July. Johannes de Badebury, parsona ec clesiae de Rudmerton. Robertus de Bodeham. Nicholaus de Sifrewast. Robertus Coher. Johannes de Yaveneswych. Henricus Hay. Radulphus de Wodeburg. 7 May 1270. 28 April 1270. 20 April 1270. Galfridus Gacelyn,— tested at Wesra' 28 June, for four years, from St. John the Baptist. Gilbertus de Middelton. Willielmus de Wodeburg'. Sywardus de Mapeldurham. Willielmus Pavely. Alexander, persona ecclesiae de West- derlegh'. Nicholaus Peyssum. Johannes le Parker. Johannes le Espeynal. Petrus de Chaluns. Simon de Monte Alto. Willielmus de Yattinden, clericus Alyanorae Consortis Edwardi. Johannes Rok. Magister Johannes de Briddeport. Mag'r Robertus de Murisien. Rogerus de Porte. Walterus de Gayton. Ricardus de la More. Willielmus filius Willielmi de Coles- ton'. Willielmus de Mazun. Johannes de Sancto Johanne. Henricus Jordan. Radulphus de Gorges. Johannes de Gurnay. Willielmus de Ylleye. Reginaldus de Pavely. Robertus de Brus junior. Simon Peche. Johannes de Blankeneye. Jacobus de Aldithele. Willielmus Patrik. Willielmus de Wistenston. Johannes de Baskervill'. Galfridus de Scostinton. Willielmus de Norton. Jordanus de Pyvelesdon. ¦') \ Ricardus de la Garderobe, cissor Re- ginae Angliae. Rot. Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 15. d. 28 June 1270. Wil's de Geyton. Ric'us de Walescote. Ricardus de Styveton. David Comes de Asceles Ingramus de Fenes. p' quadnenniu'. f-p' quadrienniu'. 1 p' quadrienniu' Tested at Westm. 7 May. Tested at Westm. 28 April- Rot. Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 16. Tested at Westm. 20 April. Rot. Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 17. TO THE HOLY LAND. 273 Letters of protection for the following 20 February, per quadriennium. Henricus de AUemannia, nepos regis. Adam de Monte Alto. Walterus de Wygeton. Johannes de Monte Alto. Petrus de Chaumpayne. Elyas de Rabeyn. Simon de Monte Alto. Willielmus Belet. Eustachius de Balliolo. Bertramus de Draycot. Will's de Fenes, p' quinquennium persons were issued, tested at Westm. 20 Feb. 1270. Galfridus Gacelyn. Tested Westm. 3 March 3 March. 1270. Julius filius Walteri Hok. Hubertus de Roily. Ricardus de Salebyr'. Goduinus.Robertus de Mitteford. Brianus de Brampton. Rot. Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 21. Tested at Westm. 24 Jan. Rot.Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 24. 24 Jan. 1270. [Fcedera, N. E. vol. i. pp 482, 483.— Rot. Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 7.] Rex omnibus, &c. salutem. Cum Edmun'dus filius noster karissimus, cruce signatus, profecturus sit ad partes transmarinas in subsidium Terree Sanctae, suscepimus in protectionem et defensionem nostram praedictum Ed- mundum, homines, terras, res, redditus et omnes possessiones suas, &c. (ut 19 Oct. supra.) — Teste Rege apud Westmon' xix die Octobris. 1269. Similar letters of the same date were also issued on behalf of Hugo de Aungervill. Robertus de Brus. Robertus de Boyvill. Willielmus filius Warini. Johannes de Romundeby. Willielmus filius Radulphi. [Rot. Pat. 54 Hen. III. m. 11.] Rex omnibus, &c. salutem. Cum dilectus fidelis noster Johannes Tybetot, cruce signatus, nobiscum et cum Edwardo primogenito nostro profecturus sit, &c. (ut supra) a festo Paschae proximo praeterito per quadriennium duraturas, &c. Teste Rege apud Westmon. xiii die Julii. The following also obtained similar letters of protection. 13 July 1270. Robertus Tybetot. Hugo de Plugenet. Robertus la Warr. Johannes Tybetot. Willielmus Thurebert. Rogerus de Portes. Ricardus de Boys. Johannes de Gayton valettus Edwardi primogeniti Regis. Johannes filius Thomae de Wrastu- lingwrth. Johannes Ferre. Olyverus de Punchardun. Willielmus de Everle. Walterus filius Hildebrondi. Ricardus de la Rokele. Stephanus de Lond' persona ecclesiae de Lugwardin. Walterus de Camhou. Ricardus de Sauvage. Johannes de Weston. Gerardus de Fcnencurt. Laurentius de Luversal. Ricardus de Aston. Robertus de Marton. Henricus Waleys. Robertus de Neuton. Rogerus de Clyfford. Alexander Lutterell. Laurentius de Lovershale. Willielmus de Bevill. Johannes de Portes. Eudo filius Warini. Johannes de Verdun. Willielmus le Graunt. Johannes Peshun. Hugo filius Ottonis. Willielmus filius Roberti de Wilgheby. Ricardus de Saundon balistarius Ed wardi filius Regis. Rogerus atte Clyve. Ricardus de Aston. Galfridus de la Hyde. Thomas de Clare. Willielmus filius Laurentii de Naffre- ton. 274< ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF EDWARD I Johannes Luvel. Willielmus de Pageham. Bartholomeus de Briason. Stephanus de Sele. Willielmus Grauudyn. Thomas de Pyn. Stephanus de Houton. Eustachius de Balholo. Egidius de Feenes. Robertus de Burnell. Ricardus filius Henrici Malesours. Sywardus de Mapeldurham. Robertus de Cadamo. Ricardus Filiol. Henricus de Peremor. Adam de Gesemue. Antonius Bek. Rogerus de Reymes. Ricardus de Shafham. Ernulphus de Munceny. Johannes de Verdun. Henricus de Langedon. Johannes de Guer. Galfridus de la Hyde. Ranulphus de Auderne. Johannes Fancellun. Willielmus le Brun. Robertus de Munceny. Johannes de Obbeston. Hugo Sauvage, Cyrugicus. Walterus de Portes de Flemsted. Berengerus le Moyne. Nicholaus de Marton. Hervicus de Chauwyth. Johannes de la Grave. Paganus de Chawrth. Henricus de Burghull. Patricius de Chawrth. ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF EDWARD I. AT ACRE. There are but few memorable incidents of History, whether ancient or modern, in which Romance and Truth are not blended together so closely as to render the separation a difficult, and sometimes an impossible task. An event is recorded by one ; another following, on the same ground, adds to it what is possible ; and a third gives to the possibility of his predecessor, as much credence as to the original fact. The attempt to assassinate Edward the First in the Holy Land, with which so much romance is interwoven, is differently related by almost every historian who has touched upon the subject. The following document, extracted from a MS. of coeval date, gives a somewhat different version, although agreeing generally with the accounts of other early historians. It mentions nothing of Eleanor, neither does the chronicle of Matthew of Westminster.* Trivet slightly notices the occurrence without any allusion to the romantic heroism of Eleanor. Matthew Paris gives a much fuller notice of this event; but is equally silent as to Eleanor's sucking the poison from the wound of her husband, t He mingford, who relates the assassination at considerable length, attributes the conspiracy to Amirandus de Jaspes, or Amirandus Joppensis, " fingens in dolo se velle esse Christianum." He states that Eleanor was present after the event, * Edvvardus in civitate Aeon, a quodam assasino a Soldano Babiloniae in modum nuncii directo, cum cultello toxicato sauciatus est. Sed cultellum extrahens de manibus assasini, eundem protinus interfecit. Noluit benignitas Salvatoris suum militem perire. Processu namque temporis a lethalibus vul- neribus curabatur. — Matth. Westm. Flores Hist. f Hoc anno (mcclxxii) dum Eduuardus Regis Anglia? primogenitus apud An- con moram traheret, quidem Admiralius Joppensis natione Saracenus (quae digni- tas apud nos Consuiatus vocatur) fama probitatis ejus illectus est in amorem viri, cui frequenter epistolas et eulogias dirigebat per quendam Hassatutum vel Assasi- num nomine Anzazim. Hic educatus sub terra fuerat a pueritia, hac de causa, ut ATTEMPTED ASSASSINATION OF EDWARD I. 275 and was removed from the presence of her husband by the order of the physi cian. The Soldan, upon hearing of Edward's recovery, sent "tres principes magnos," excusing himself, and attesting before God " Quod per se vel ex ip sius scientia non est factum hoc." — Speed appears to be one of the earliest historians who mentions the devotion of the wife of Edward.* It is to be feared that the incident must be deprived of one of its most interesting features for this simple but conclusive reason, — the want of evidence. Quod dhs Edward9 fuit vulnerat9. Memorandum quod c'ca mensem Maii ,gx0 p>cedente cotigit in ?ra Sea apud Acoii scilicet quod quidam Saracen9 malefic9 proditor ¦f sciens loqui gallice -f accessit ad curiam dni Edwardi et fecit se ibidem domesticum velud esset de familia sua qui vero qadam die venit ad eu dices quod ipe vellet secreto de bono et promocone sua loqui cum eo. Domin9 aut E. nimis credul9 et ulta modum credens jiditori •? recepit eum in caifia sua nemine ibidem remanete q1 neqam clauso hostio camte accessit ad dnm E. qai locutur9 cum ipo & statim extacto q°dam cutello texicato voles eum occide •? dedit ei qatuor vukfta pessima & fere mortalia. Ipe v° E. virili? erigens se in manu forti ilium maleficum pstavit in ?ra & pp'o cutello .gditoris ipm frustatum dilaniavit benedes ds et occidit. p9ea notum fuit quod Soudan9 ilium mi§at ad dnm E. in?ficiend sicut vet9 de Montanis ht in usu. q' tempe reg' Ric Anglie fecit p duos Svientes in?fi8e Marchisum de Munferat apud Tyrum in ?ra sea sic narraf in hystoria p>dicti Reg' Rici. absque metu repente irrueret in aliquem Principem adversariorum suae sectae : tanquam percepturus pro tali facto, licet perimeretur, denub vitam novam et gau- dium paradisi. Hic ad Eduuardum veniens vice quadam, prout saspe consueve- rat cum quibusdam Uteris, finxit se velle sibi quaedam secreta referre. Cunctis igitur exclusis a. camera Eduuardum ad fenestram appodiantem, et aspectum ex tra dirigentem ex improviso, extracto cultello toxicato, vulnerat bis in bracbio et tertio sub acella: quem mox Eduuardus pede percussum prostravit ad terram, extortoque de manibus ejus cultello nebulonem cum eo peremit. Sed in extor- sione cultelli, violenter se ipsum in manu vulnerat et in fronte : vulnera vero ejus, grassante veneno, multis variis adhibitis remediis vix curantur. Dicunt quidam, qut>d ciim Edwardus vulneratus inopinate fuisset et nihil ad planus habuisset, cum quo posset se defendere, arripuit tripodem quae supportabat tabulam et ga- neonem excerebravit. Deinde convocatis suis familiaribus, infortunium demons stravit: jubens ribaldi corpus suspendi super muros civitatis, adjuncto sibi cane vivo, ut hoc spectaculo ceeteris metus incuteretur, &c. — Mat. Paris. * Tyrrel observes, that Camden in his Britannia, (Middlesex) is the first that mentions it, and from him Speed has transcribed it in his Chronicle. Both of them quote Rodericus Toletanus; but that Archbishop, as he says himself, finished his History in the year 1243, twenty years before this accident hap pened. Rapin's History of England. 276 ' PREPARATIONS FOR THE CORONATION OF EDWARD I. At the demise of Henry the Third, on the feast of St. Edmund tbe Archbishop and Confessor, Wednesday, 16 November 1272, his son and successor Edward was on his return from the Holy Land. The commencement ofthe reign of Ed ward should be calculated from the day of his recognition,* which ceremony was performed on the following Sunday, 20th Nov. the day. of the funeral of Henry III. The Earl of Gloucester and other " proceres," then before the grave of the deceased Monarch, in Westminster Abbey, swore fealty to Prince Edward. \ It was only within a short period of his coronation that he returned from the Con tinent ; and together with Eleanor, he was crowned at Westminster, on 19 August 1274-t The following extract, from a contemporary chronicle, hitherto unpub lished, records the preparations which were made for that event in the palace at Westminster, and relate chiefly to one of tlie luxuries, now comparatively fallen into desuetude, but which the people of this country had in those days the opportunity of indulging in — Feasting. § All the vacant space within the claustura of the palace was filled with houses and offices. On the southern part of the old palace were erected " multa pallacia,'7 in which tables were fixed to the ground, whereat the " Magnates, principes et nobiles'' were to feast on the day of the Coronation, and for fif teen days following ; so that all coming to the ceremony, poor and rich, might be graciously received. The kitchens erected were without number ; and, in case of deficiency, numerous leaden vessels were placed without the same for the purposes of cookery ; and the roof of the great kitchen was wholly unco vered, to give vent to the fumes. The Chronicler states his inability to render into writing an account of the other necessary utensils. Of the wines, it is impossible to give a detail. Former times never exhibited so great a plenty of delicacies as were prepared for the celebration of this most noble court. The great and little halls were newly white-washed and painted, that the eyes of those who entered them, and beheld so much splendour, might be filled with the greater delight and joy; and whatever needed repair, from age or other causes, was put into good condition. * Historians have usually fixed the day of his succession the same as that of the decease of his father Henry III. ; the Letters Pateut of Balliol which are dated at Norham, on Thursday, tbe feast of St. Edmund the King and Martyr, 20th Nov. 1292, "regni ipsius Domini nostri Edwardi vicesimo finiente et vict- simo primo incipienle," confirm the supposition that the day of succession was then reckoned from the day of recognition. — Pari. Writs, vol. i. + Foedera, N. E. vol. i. p. ii. 497. J Memorandum quod Edwardus Rex Anglioe applicuit apud Dovoriam die Jovis proxima post festum Sancti Petri ad Vincula anno Domini mcclxxiv. Et die dominica proxima post festum Assumptionis beatae Maria proximo sequens solempniter coronatus fuit in ecclesia beati Petri Westm' anno Domini supradicto et anno regni ejusdem Regis Edwardi secundo. — Rot. Pat. 2 Ed. I. § See Fcedera, N. E. vol. i. p. 2, p. 509, for an account of various purvey ances to be made for the coronation. CORONATION OF EDWARD I. 277 De nobilitate attornata qa coronacom dni Eadwardi Reg' fil r. Henrici fit. r. Johis. Memorand qd ois ?r' a vacua que fuit If8 claustura pallacii sui apd Westmon extitit nobilissime edificata domibus & aliis officinis. Ita qd nulla pars possit ibi vacua in veniri. extiterutibi in parte austali ve?is pallacii sui cdstructa multa pallacia undiq, q°tq°t ibide posset edificari in quib3 erecte sunt mense in ?ra firmiter fixe sup quas mensas magnates & p'ncipes & nobiles de- bent refici in die Coronacois sue & p q'ndeci dies p' sua. coronacoem. Ita qd oes tam paupes q,a divites ad solepnitate Coronacionis sue advenietes gatis recipianf & nullu9 expellaf. Edificant7 et' infra dcam claustura tot coq'ne in quib3 victualia debent p^parari qa dcam solepnitate de q'b3 no est nuiflus & ne ille coq'ne sufficisset ut ilia victualia I eis no possint p>parari posita siit ibi vasa plubea exa coq'nas innuiflabilia I quib3 carnes coqui deberent. & memorand qd ilia magna coq'na I qua volatilia & alia debet assari igne est tota discopta I sumitate sua u* oimodus fum9 possit exire. De aliis utensilib3 quibj necesse est ad ta magna, Cur' susti- nend no potest aliq's I sc'ptis redig'e. De vinis nescit aliq's dolea que ad hoc p^parata sut nuiftare. Et ut oia cocluda. nucq,a aliis tepib3 ret°actis ta magna ple- nitudo de deliciis fa 5ib3 bonis q ptinet ad nobilissima. Cur' cele- banda fuit p>parata. It magna aula & parva dealbate sut de novo & depicte. ita qd oculi infra illas intanciu & tantam pulc'tudiem intuenciu pleni9 deliciis & gaudio repleaf. Et si aliq'd infa claustura pallacii 3ni Regis p vetustate vl aliquo alio modo fuiit fractu vl de?io- ratu I bonu statu reparatu est. 278 NOTICES OF ISABELLA, QUEEN OF EDWARD THE SECOND. That Isabella, the consort of Edward the Second, better known as the para mour of Hugh de Mortimer, although guilty of adultery, treason, and murder, was not destitute of charity, is evinced by the following extract from the account of William de Boudon, the Keeper of her Wardrobe, preserved in the Cotto nian Library, Nero C. viii. fo. 140. P'vo Thomelino Scotico orphano cui Ra mota cordis pietate caritative concessit victum & vestitum de elema ipius Re in p>cio iiijor ulii blanketti et uni9 tapeti empt' p lecto ejusd Thomelini p manus Johis de Stebenherb ificator London apud Westmon ix die Octobr Eidem de consili eleih" ejusdem Re in p'cio iiij01" ulh panni mixti ad unam robam s inde faciend p man9 Willi de Croidon ibidem iij0 die Januarij Eidem misso London ad morandum cum Agnete uxe Johis Organiste gallici ad discenct littera- turam de eadem ,g exph oris sui a festo sci Mi- chis anno psenti quinto usq, idem festum anno revoluto xls Et p minutis ncciis empt' ad opus ejusd una cum scabie capitis sui deponenda xij3 viijd de qsili elemosina ipius Re p manus dee Agh recipientis deii in gard Re apud Eltham xvij Aug anno vjt0 VJ> VJd V11J! 1)" Iij5 viijd IMPRISONMENT OF ELEANOR COBHAM, DUCHESS OF GLOUCESTER. Sandford, in his Genealogical History ofthe Kings of England, says, that Elea nor Cobham, Duchess of Gloucester, after her condemnation for treason and sorcery, was committed to perpetual prison, under the ward of Sir Thomas Stan ley, in the Isle of Man. It would appear, however, that she was, at least for some time, confined in Calais, and under another keeper. In 1447, a Sir John Stew ard, or as he describes himself, " Johannes Seneschallus miles filius Johannis Se- neschalli aliter dicti Scot Angli," made his will, by which it seems that he was a resident, and had an important command in Calais, in the mother church of which town he desires to be buried. He names John Roos as his confessor; be queaths to his eldest son Thomas all his harness of war, and his ship the Grace de Dieu, which his master, the Duke of Bedford, had given him, together with his lands in the Marches of Calais. To Sir Thomas Criell he leaves " a ring with a diamond, which Eleanor Cobham, Duchess of Gloucester, gave me while she lived with me as my prisoner." His lands in Norfolk and Suffolk, and mansion of Soffham, be bequeathed to his son Robert ; and to his aunt Alice Talmashe, the gilt cup, which was given him by Queen Katherine on the day of her coronation. The testator was descended from a younger son of the Royal house of Stewart, and was ancestor ofa family of Stewart, or Steward, which flourished for many generations in Norfolk, Suffolk, and the neighbouring counties. 279 SATIRICAL VERSES REFERRING TO POLITICAL EVENTS IN THE REIGN OF KING HENRY THE SIXTH. In a former page some satirical verses, describing the state of parties about the 28th Hen. VI. 1449, and reflecting chiefly on William de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, were inserted.1 The following were probably composed by the same writer ; but, unfortunately, the principal person, who is alluded to as " the fox/' cannot with certainty be identified. That individual was evidently suspected of the murder of the Duke of Gloucester, who was assassinated at Bury in 1446; and he appears to have been committed to the Tower about the time when these verses were written, as the Author says — " Now is time of Lent, the Fox is in the Tower, — This Fox at Bury slew our great gander." 2 Though the Duke of Suffolk was suspected of murdering Gloucester, and was subsequently sent to the Tower, it is manifest that he is notthe person designated as the " Fox,"' because he is spoken of in the next line by his usual appellation of " Jack Napes with his clog," 3 and is again accused of having tied Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, " our gentle dog." It is impossible to identify two of the other persons adverted to, from there being no record of the badges used by Peers in the reign of Henry the Sixth. " Salisbury" was perhaps Richard Beauchamp, who was Bishop of Salisbury from 1450 to 1482. " Beaumont, that gentle Rache,'' was John Viscount Beaumont ; but " the fox," and " the black dog with the wide mouth," must for the present be left to conjecture. Now is the fox drevin.to hole, hoo to hym hoo hoo. For and he crepe out he will' yow all' vndo Now ye han found pfite love well' yor game For and ye ren countr' then be ye to blame Su of yow holdith w' the fox and rennyth har' But he that tied talbot our' dog' euyll' mot he far' For now we mys the black dog' with the wide mouth For he wold haue ronne' well' at the fox ofthe south And all' gooth bacward and don is in the'myr' As they han deserued so pay they thr hir' Now is tyme of lent the fox is in the towr' Thrfore send hym salesbury to be his confessour' Many mo thr ben and we kowd hem knowe But won most be gyfi the daufice and all' com' arowe Loke that yor hunte blowe well' thy chase But he do well' is pt I beshrew is face 1 See p. 160. * See p. 161, where the Duke of Gloucester is designated as "the Swan." 3 P. 161. u 2 280 STATE PAPERS. This fox at bury slowe our' grete gander' ThTore at tyborR mony mofi our hym wonder' Jack napys with his clogge Hath tied talbot our' gentilT dogge Wherfore Beamownt that gentill Rache Hath brought Jack napis in an evill' cache Be war' al men of that blame And namly ye of grete fame SpiritualF and temgall' be war' of this Or els hit will' not be well' I wis God saue the kyng' and god forbede That he suche apes any mo fede And of the pill' that may be-all' Be war' Dukes erles and barons all'. Gens erit australis Rector Regni gen'al' Et Regit iniuste periet quoq' postea iust'. Cotton. Charters II. 23. STATE PAPERS AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. I. LETTER FROM HENRY THE SIXTH TO THE CHANCELLOR, COMMANDING HIM TO ISSUE LETTERS OF PARDON TO THOMAS KERVER. The following letter contains the commands of Henry the Sixth to the Arch bishop of Canterbury, then Chancellor of England, to issue Letters Patent under the Great Seal, containing the Royal pardon to Thomas Kerver, who had been found guilty of high treason. This document is remarkable for the anxiety which it displays, that the King's leniency on the occasion should not encourage the same crime in others, as the Chancellor was desired to introduce into the instrument a clause, stating, that in any future case of treason, be the party whom he might, the full rigour of the law would be carried into effect ; and also to take care that this merciful act was not made generally known. It is deserving of remark, that the letter was sealed with the signet of the Eagle, * in conse quence of the Privy Seal not being at hand ; and his Majesty promised to send the Chancellor a regularly executed warrant as soon as it arrived. The date of this letter does not occur, but it may probably be assigned to the 25 Hen. VI. 1447, as on the 14th of July and 11th of October in that year, Thomas Herberd of Greenwich, and other servants of Humphrey Duke of Glou cester, who had been convicted of high treason, were pardoned by letters patent, which resemble the following letter in the motive for granting them, and in con taining a clause, stating, that it would not form a precedent for similar leniency, t It is probable that Thomas Kerver was likewise one of the servants ofthe Duke of Gloucester. * An engraving of this signet, with some remarks on it, will be found in a note to the Journal of Bishop Beckington, 8vo. 1828. f Foedera, Tome xi. p. 180. AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 281 By the King. Right reverende fader in god right trusty and right wel beloved We grete you wel and howgh be it that Thomas Keruer is founde by fore oure Juges gilty of the detestable and factious crime of high tresoh touching oure Royal persone and adjuged accordyng his demerytes to be drawen hanged and qwarterd/ yet we for certeyn consideracons mevynge us be advysye to tempre in this cas mercy with rigoure and namely in this tyme approching the solepne fest of thassumpcon of oure lady moder of mercy at the whiche our holy fader hath nowe of newe thorough the mercyful grace of oure most blessid creature grauntid gret indulgence with playn remission to alle oure subjectis deuly visityng oure college of oure lady of Eton in the seide fest and so have pdoned hym after the seide drawyng' and hangyng' don his life comittyng' hym natheles unto p'soh there to abyde til hit shall like us othir wise to ordeyh for hym wherfore we wol that ye do make unto the seide Thomas oure lettres of pdoh under oure grete seal beyng' in youre warde after the fourme afore seide and do them to be dely^ed un to our' fvaunt John Say to whom we wol that ye yef feith' in bat he shall sey to yow in this be halfe latyng' you wite that what tyme oure p've seal shal come into contre we shal send you youre sufficient warant in this be halfe and more over we pray you that in oure seide lettres of pdoh ye do set sueche a clause be the whiche we wol that it be opynly knowen to all oure subjectis of what estat or degre they be of and though bey were next of oure blood if bey falle in cas semblale b' god for bede/ we shal not shewe theim nob*? favor nor grace but do bem dewly to be punysshed after thexigence of beire trespas And fat bis oure pdoii be in no wyse* opynly noysed but kept as secret as ye may/ wherin ye shall do us right singuler plesir'. Yeven at Wycombe under be signet of thegle iiij day of August. To the right reverend fader in god/ oure right trusty & right welbeloved tharchebisshop of Canterbury our' Chanceilr of Englande. 282 STATE PAPERS II. CONFESSION OF SIR ROBERT WELLES. This confession throws some light on the conspiracy ofthe Earl of Warwick to place his son-in-law, George Duke of Clarence, on the throne, in March 1470. Having raised an army in Lincolnshire, the Earl gave the command of it to Sir Robert Welles, son and heir-apparent of Richard Lord Welles. With these forces Sir Robert drove Sir Thomas Borough, a Knight of the King's body, out of that county, pulled down his house, and despoiled his goods, his followers, according to Stow, shouting " King Henry !" The moment Edward the Fourth was aware of the insurrection, he sent for Lord Welles the father, and Sir Thomas Dymock, who had married his sister. Lord Welles pleaded sickness and infirmity as his excuse for not obeying the command; but finding this only increased the King's suspicion, he proceeded to London accompanied by Dymock. On their arrival, Edward's displeasure was repre sented to them as being so great, that they became alarmed, and threw them selves into sanctuary at Westminster. Upon promise of pardon, however, they quitted their place of refuge, and Lord Welles, at Edward's desire, wrote to his son, commanding him to abandon the Earl of Warwick's cause. In the mean time the King marched against the rebels, and was so incensed at the obstinacy of Sir Robert Welles, that his Majesty forfeited his engagement with his father, by causing both him and Dymock to be beheaded, " to the terrible example of other,'' says Hall, '' which shall put their confidence in the promise ofa prince." This act, and the approach of the royal army, astounded Sir Robert Welles, who was doubtful whether he ought to risk a battle until reinforced by the Earl of Warwick. But courage and revenge predominated over prudence, and he resolved to engage the royal forces. A conflict took place at a village near Stamford ; but being deserted by his followers, who, in their eagerness to save themselves, threw away their coats, whence the battle was named " Lose-cote Feild," Sir Robert Welles was taken prisoner, and immediately afterwards, namely, on the 13th March, he was beheaded. Ten thousand men are said to have fallen on this occasion. — Such is the narrative of historians, and Sir Robert's confession supplies many interesting facts. It appears that the Duke of Clarence took a. much more active part in the conspiracy than is generally supposed; that the motive which actuated the multitude was chiefly the fear of the King's vengeance ; that a servant of Clarence's was in the battle, and afforded Welles considerable assistance ; that when Lord Welles went to London pursuant to the King's commands, he desired his son, in the event of his hearing that he was in danger, to hasten to his assistance with as many followers as possible ; that the real object of the rebellion was to place the crown on Cla rence's head ; and that both Clarence and Warwick had, for some time, been urging Lord Welles and his son to continue firm to their cause. After the defeat and execution of Sir Robert Welles, the Duke of Clarence and Warwick, with their respective families and servants, fled to Calais, pro bably dreading the effect of the disclosures in this confession. Aboute Candelmasse last a chapelein of my lordf of Clarence called maistr John Barnby, & with him | John Clare, prestf, AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 283 cam to my lord my fad*? & me to Hellow w' Ires of credence yeven to the sayd mais? John which he opned in this wyse. that my lord of Warwik was at London w' the King, wherupon for thair both suerties he praied us in bothe thair names to be redy w' all the felaship we couth or might make & assemble of the cofhons what tyme soef my sayd lord of Clarence shuld send us word. Nathelesse he willed us to tary & nott stur to such time as my lord of Warwik wer com agayn from London for doubte of his destruccon. And anone af? my lord of Clarence sent me a patent of the stewerdship of Cawlesby in Lincolnshire by the said f John Clare. The cause of oure grete rising att this time was grounded upon this noise raisid amongft the peple, that the King was coining downe w* grete power into Lincolnshire, where the KingC juggf shuld sitte and hang & draw grete noumbf of the comons. Wherfore w' as many as we might make be all meanes possible we cam to Lincoln upon the Tuseday. And upon the Wenesday a Svant of my said lord of Clarence callid Wal? .... yoman of his chawmbr, by his comaundnient told us the same, & that the gentilmen of be contre shuld passe upon us in such wyse that nedely gret multitud must dye of the coihons. therupon desiring us to arise and pcede in our purpose as we lovid ourself^/ And for that my lord my fad*? was att London & paventur shuld ther be endaungered, which he ne wold, for that cause him self wold go to London to help excuse my sayd lord my fader & to delaye the Kingf coming forth. The said Walter .... 3vant of my lordf^1 of Clarence went w' me to the feld & toke grete parte of guiding of or boost, nott depting from the same to the end. And afore that as sone as I com to Lincoln I sent f John Clare to my lord of Warwik to have und*?standing from him how he wold have us guidid forth- wardf, but for us semed he taried long, we sent hastily af? him oon John Wright of Lincoln for the same cause, and ther upon I degted w' our hoost towardf Gantham. And in the way aboute Temple Brewer f John Clare mett w' me, saing of my lord of Warwikf behalve that he grett us well & bad us be of gode comforth, for he & my said lord of Clarence wold araise all be peple they couth in all hast & coin towardf us & ut?ly take such pte as we shuld take, saying o9 b' he saw my sayd lord of Warwik lay his hand on a boke that he wold so do, and so the said f John Clare oftentimes declared afore the peple. 284 STATE PAPERS The Sunday af? cam John Wright to Gantham & broght me a ring fro my said lord of Warwik, & desired me to go forward, bidding me & us aft be of gode comfort, for he was in araising all that he might make and wold be at Leyces? on Monday night w4 xx. m1. men and joyne w' us. Wherfore he willed me to suiFre the felaship that cam w' the King fro by south to passe northward^ and geve hem the way, to thentent he and we might be betwix theim and be south. Also when my lord my fad*? went to London, he charged me that if I und'tetode him att eny tyme to be in jupartye, I shuld w' all that I might make com to socour him. Also my lord of Clarencf Sv^nt Walter that cam to us to Lincoln, stured & moved often times our hoost and in many places of the fame that att such tyme as the matir shuld com nerr to the point of bateft they shuld calle upon my lord of Clarence to be king, and to distroye the King that so was aboute to distroye theim and all this realm, so ferforthly that at such time as the King was before us in the feld, he toke a sper in his hand & said he wold ther w*. as frely renne agains be King as agains his & his mais?s mortail ennemy. Also I have well und'Jstand by many mesaggf as well fro my lord of Clarence as of Warwik, that they entendid to make a grete rising as ferforthly as ef I couth und*?stand, to thentent to make the due of Clarence king, and so it was oft & largely noised in or hoost. Also I say that ne had beene the said Due & Erles provoking^ we at this tyme wold ne durst have maid eny comocon or stur- ing but upon their comforthf we did that we did. Also I say that I and my fad? had often times Ires of cre dence frome my said lordf of Clarence & Warwik of thanking^ for our devoirf , & praied us to continue our gode bertf & willes to the above sayd purpose. One that broght fro my lord of Clarence was called William Werke ; oone that broght letfis from my lord of Warwik was callid Philip Strangways ; of the otherf I remembr not the names. The credence in substance rested onely in this, yeving of thankf, praing to continue, and to stur and move the peple to do the same. Which lettfs be to be broght forth. (Endorsed) The declarasyon of he Lorde Wellys. Lorde Welles his Confessyon beinge charged wth Treson . E. 4. in parleament [Harl. MS. No. 283. fo. 2.] AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 285 III. LETTER FROM MARGARET COUNTESS OF RICHMOND, MOTHER OF KING HENRY THE SEVENTH, TO THOMAS BOTELER EARL OF ORMOND, CHAMBERLAIN TO THE QUEEN. One of the most pleasing traits in the character of Margaret Countess of Richmond, was her affection for her son King Henry the Seventh, and for his wife and children. Her letters to him evince the utmost tenderness; and it is but just to say, that Henry repaid her attachment with equal regard. With the Queen, the Countess passed the greater part of her time ; and notwithstanding the statements of historians who represent the King's conduct to his wife as being cold and severe, there is ample proof that he lived with all his family in the greatest harmony. The subjoined letter corroborates that impression. It was addressed by the Countess of Richmond to the Earl of Ormond, the Queen's Chamberlain, appa rently whilst the Earl was abroad on some embassy. After thanking him for a present of gloves that were too large for her hand, which she thinks arose from the ladies of the country where he then was being as large in their persons as they were high in rank, she acquaints him that the King and Queen, and all " our sweet children," were well. The Queen, she says, had been indisposed, but would, she hoped, speedily be quite restored : at least, this seems to be the import of the last part of the passage, which is obscurely expressed. My lord Chambyrlayn y thanke yow hertyly that ye lyste soo sone remebyr me w* my glovys the whyche wer ryght good save they wer to myche for my hand, y thynke the ladyes y that partyes be gret ladyes aft/ and acordyng to ther gret astate they have gret personagf/ as for newes her y ame seure ye shaft have more seurte then y can send yow/ blessed be god the kyng the quene and aft owre suet chyldryn be yn good hele/ the queh hathe be a lytyrl erased but now she ys well god be thankyd/ her sykenes ys soo good as y wuld but y truste hastyly yt shaft w' goddf grasse whom y pray gyve yow good sped y your gret maters and bryng yow weft and soone home/ wrety at Shene the xxv. day of apreft. To my lord The quenys chambyrlayn. [Miscellaneous Letters in the Tower.] 286 STATE PAPERS IV. TWO LETTERS FROM WILLIAM BLOUNT, LORD MOUNTJOY, AT TOURNAY, TO KING HENRY THE EIGHTH. The two following letters are from William Blount, Lord Mountjoy, whilst Lieutenant of Tournay, to which situation he was appointed by Henry the Eighth towards the end of the year 1514,* and were apparently written in March 1516. The first letter is interesting from the notice of Henry's having been chosen King of the Popingay of Tournay, and from the allusion to the birth of the Princess Mary, which took place in February 1515-6. The second letter con tains an account of the French monarch and his consort, and other persons of consequence in the French court, together with some political intelligence. Please hit yor grace to understond that whereas yor grace [signified] unto me yor lieutenant here/ that yor pleasur was that yor §[vants] Cristofer Knevet Jamys and Antony shulde enjoye aft the possessions landf tehtf rentf and moveables' lately be- longyng unto John de Tables and John de Malynes yor rebell^ I certifie yor grace that according to yor mynde I have doon as moche as I may/ . and where as ellf we shulde have pceded agaynst [them] according to the tenor of the lawes here in the courte of M hit shulde be a long pcesse/ For the shorter expe- dicion of yor said 8vantf I have called the matter afibre me and yor le[rned] councell And according to yor lawes in thise pties have so ordered the matter that yor comaundement is fulfylled on ev^y behalf and yor said Sv^tf put in possession accord ingly] Wherof Antony Knevet this berer shulde have made yor grace long or this relacion. but for that he hathe taryed a good season after his beyng in possession of yor gracf graunte to see the best way for the pfett of hym and his bredern how hit myght be solde or lett/ whiche as yet he hathe but doon Notw'standyng he woll tary noo lengar from yor grace, and in his absence ther shalbe doon asmoche pfett for hym and his bredern as may be doon w' right. Ferthermore to adftise yor grace among yor sad and waighty matters what good fortune ye have had sens my coinyng/ Hit is acustumed her that as the yere goythe abowte the second day of Marche the? is a gret shoting at the popyngay w'out the gatf whiche popyngay is shoote at by a broderhod of Saynt George/ And furst thay shootithe oon for yor grace and afterward all other [for the] felowship/ and he agayne as the course coihyth abowte. * Hall. Ed. 1809, p. 583. AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 287 The last yere I appoynted the pvost of the towne to shoote for yor grace whiche as the fame was he shoot not in a crosbowe xx" yere affbre/ Ne'v'theless he strake the popyngay/ and soo yor grace was kyng for that yere of the popyngay. And thys yere I appoynted |r John Tremayle porter of thys yor towne to shoote for yor grace in likewise whiche the before appved hym self a shooter in the crosbowe at the buttf. Natw'standing he strake hit downe in likewise/ And soo is yor grace king of the popyngay for this yere/ And yf soo be/ hit be stryken by any man for yor grace the next yere yor grace shallbe Emgor wherunto ther longgithe many gret roialties. Thys matter is not worth the writyng unto yor grace save that, that here noo man can remember/ that of did shoote affbre for the Frenche king, had nef [like] fortune/ Wherfor hit is moche merveled of/ and eVy [one] takith hit for a good luck unto yor grace. I wolde have [shot] thereat my self for yor grace saving hit was on Sond . . masse/ and also that yf I had goon forthe owte of the [town] many wolde have desired to have goon w* me. Other ... or matters I have not to write unto yor grace as in .... unto suche tyme as I shall agayne be adftised of yor gracf pleasur of suche causes as I have written unto yo . . . aswell of yor Citadel! making/ as of other causes concernyng this garnyson. And thus Ihu p§ve yor most noble grace besechyng or Lorde to send you asmoche rejoysing of my .... princes and make you as glad a fader as ev1 was, . . . and after this good begynnyng to send you many fayre [children] to yor gracf comfort and all yor true subject^. Wrytten from yor citie of Tornay the vth day of Marche. Yor humble subject and Sv^nt W. Mountjoy. [Cott. MS. Calig. E. n. fo. 67.] Please hit yor grace that forasmoche as of the Frenche king her hathe contynewed of long season a gret rumor sum saying that he is dede And sum the contrary that he is not ded but not best in his wyt/ After I had gotten a man mete for the purpose I sent hym forthe to bring me the certente whiche is retorned agayne to this citie as yesterday the viij"1 day of this monethe And sayth furst that betwene Pares and Lyons he had worde that the Frenche king intendyd to sende into Scotland a grete nomber bothe of horsemen and fotemen/ For whiche cause 288 STATE PAPERS he drewe to Vycount . . in Oveme/ where at the Duches of Albaney lyethe/ but when he cam the? he coulde not peeve that hit was of a truthe/ Soo he cam to Lyons the xxiij"1 day of Marche whiche was theMonday inEsterweke/ andmadehis aboode the? unto the Safday ensuyng/ Where at he sawe the Frenche king in that season goyng a ^cession And besidf^ that many tymes uppon the water of Som w' his young noblemen castyng orengf owte of one bote into an other and usyng many other pastymes w* theym He saith also that hit was comynly said the? that the ^cession was for to pray for the victory agaynst the Empror And the day of the pcession the King did were a gowne of silv" tyncell and that he wente bare foote. He sawe also the Quene syttyng at hir dyner for he had suche acqueyntaunce that brought hym. Also he sawe the kingf moder callyd the Regent whiche lady w* my lady of Borboh berith the name they be rulers My lady of Vandosme dyd also at the tyme but nowe she is not so moche in favor betwixte the lady regent [and] the lady of Borbon .... is a displeasure for theire goyngf^ and astate . . . Coun- cellers the Chauncellor and Monsr de L . . . . for other of the Kingf mygnyons for pastyme .... of Rousse Therle of Porcyon nevew of Shevers and Mons de Bagneno son unto [the] Lord Peanes/ Monsr Denvers was well in for a ssea- son, but nowe he is not soo his wyldenes is owteragyus. The day affbre his deptyng from Lyons whiche was the Fry day the xxviij day of Marche cam worde [to the] Frenche king that the Empror was before W . . . . w* a grete armey Whereuppon div's gen til men [rode] in poste towardes the Mountaynes/ And as my reporter herd of one of the Frenche kingf .... he sware a grete othe he wolde agoone in ... . ptise hym self. And Sr all that the Empror [doth] hit is layde by the Frenche men to yor grace. They say he wer not of power And they doo looke that yf the Empror psper he will make into Borgoyne And likewise yor grace into France. He saith also he sawe the? a bisshop inbassato' to the Pope. And also Don Dego inbassator to the King of Spayne nowe, whiche Dondego forasmoche as he knewe this man whiche I sent thydder he tooke hym a letter for to delyv^ w* dyligence to the lord Shyvers from hym And another letter he had also from Dondegos Secretary unto a frende of his at Monse in Henalde in whiche letters he supposed there were grete newes/ Notw'stand- yng I wolde in noowyse opyn theym/ but sent theym unto AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 289 Master Pouyngf yor graces inbassator in those gtes desyring hym that at the delyv'ance of the lord Shevers letter he wolde shewe unto hym that I had hit uppon a prest in serchyng of hym when he cam from Lyons. Fertbermore Sr he saith that in repassyng from Lyons he cam by many places wher at garnysons were wont to be kept/ but all the men of warre lay in villagf abowte etyng and pyllyng the .... that pyteous hit is to se. And saith that he heard of a certente that the men of warre wont to ly in gar- nyson be owyng for a xij monethes wagf and they that be on the otherside of the Mountaynes and suche as be comyn thens be owyng for vj monethes. Also a man of this towne whiche is a spye for me at Pares/ this day brought me worde that the Frenche kyng borowith at Pares a grete some of money that the? they make gen?all ^cessions in likewise he was in a howse where at he herde a letter re- ceyved from John de Taples, wherin was contayned that the King his master pvided soo for yo1' grace that you shuld fayle of yo? purpose/ Also he saith that at his lo[dgings] ther he dyned w' the Master of the Post. The master shewyd him that the? shulde come there vc werkemen and ij ml peoners/ And thus I yor moste noble grace. Written at Tornay the .... of Aprell Yor most humble subjecte and '§vant W. Mountjoy. [Cott. MS. Calig. E. n. fo. 70.] V. LETTER OF THOMAS DORSET, CURATE OF ST. MARGARET'S, LOTHBURY, TO THE MAYOR OF PLYMOUTH AND OTHERS, CONTAINING NEWS OF THE METROPOLIS, MARCH 1537. Letters containing the news of the metropolis at early periods often afford interesting, if not valuable information. The annexed from Thomas Dorset, a clergyman, to his friends at Plymouth, written on the 13th March 1537, gives an entertaining account of the examinations of a religious enthusiast, and of a person suspected of heresy, by the Archbishop of Canterbury, and the Bishops of Salisbury and Worcester; together with other ecclesiastical and some poli tical intelligence. The expressions imputed to the celebrated Hugh Latimer, Bishop of Wor cester, in his sermon at Paul's Cross, are not a little extraordinary ; but they do not occur in either of his Sermons which are printed. In the 28th Hen. VIIL an Act was passed for the continuance of the statute of tbe 22nd Hen. VIIL relative to vagabonds and beggars, which is probably the Act alluded to. 290 STATE PAPERS Privilege of sanctuary was taken away in cases of high treason, by Stat. 26 Hen. VIIL c. 13 ; but other criminals were protected by it until the 21 Jaq. I. Dr. Heyms mentioned in the letter, was Dr. Simon Heins, Master of Queen's College, Cambridge, who is frequently noticed by Strype. [1537. 13 March.] To the right worshipfull Mr. Horsewell maior, Mr. Elyete Mr. Hawkyns and Willam Aishrygh of Plomourthe, theire bownden fa beholdyn Thomas Dorset, curate of S. Marga rete in Lothbury in London, sendith gretyng and good helthe in or lord Jhu Criste Amen. On the morowe aftre that Master Hawkyns departid from hens, I havyng no thyng to doo/ as an idler went to Lambhethe to the Byshopis place to see what newis/. And I toke a whery at Pawlis wharff/ wherin also was aft redye a Doctor namyd Doctour Croukehorne w° was sent for to come to the Byshop of Can?bury/ And he before the iij Byshopis of Can? of Wor cestre and Salesbury confessed that he was rapte into heven where he see the Trinite settyng in a pall or matell or copi/ call it what you please/ of blew color and from the midle up ward they were thre bodyes/ and from the midle were they closid all thre in to on bodye/ they were but on havyng also butt ij feete nor butt ij leggf/ and he spake w' our Ladye and she toke hym bye the hande and bad hym serve her as he had doon in tymes passed/ and bad hym to preche abrode that she wold be honorid at Eppiswhiche and at Willisdon as she hath bee in old tymes, ne forte this he saide he wold abyde bye/ Then my lord of Can?bury apposid hym nerre & he made but weke an swer/ and was bade to departe/ and come agayne the second day aftre. So did he but at the laste he denyed his virion/ Then he wold prove purgatory by a certayne vers in the Saul- ter/ but when it was betin well to hym he cowld nott bvde bye it/ The Byshope asked hym what shold move hym to take hande faste bye that place .... he my lord of London saide that it made well for it/ what place in the Saulter it was I can- nott tell. Then was there on Lamberte w4n a vij"' dayes and lesse aftre that wc. was detecte of herysie to the iij Byshopis. His articles was this, that it was syn to pray to saintis. Then came he to his answer. And the thre Byshopis cowld nott saye that it was necessari or nedefull but he myght nott make syn of it/ And yf he wolde agree to that/ he myght have byn goon bye AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 291 & bye but he wold nott/ Then was he comaunded to warde in the Porter lodge &, remayne there from that Monday tyll Fry- daye nyght. Then he was sett at large to goo whether he wolde. He came thether backe agayne the morow to knowe the Byshopes pleasure whether he were all free or nott & then there apposid hym agayne. And he byde bye it/ yet cowde they fynde it bye no scripture that we owght to do it./ The Byshope of Worcestre was most extreme agaynst hym so was he sent to ward agayne/ And on the next mornyng wc was Sondaye they sent bothe hym & his articles to my Lord Chancellor and there he remaynyth in prison yet/ my lord of Northefolke the erle of Essex fa the Cowntfj of Exforthe wrote to this Byshopis agaynst hym/ and for that cause men suppose they handelid hym so to please theym to geate favor. wc thyng hathe win this litle whyle don great hurt to the truthe but what shall come of hym God knowith onlve. Doctor Heyms prechithe before the Kyng as he is appoynted efy Wedynsday this Lent and on Wedynsday in the Ymbre he saide in his sermone that God hathe brought the truthe of his worde to light and princis be the ministeris of it to gyve co maundement that it shold goo forward and yet is nothynge regarded and make of hym but a Cristmas kyng. On Tewisdaye the same weke the Byshope of Rochestre came to the Cruched Fryers and inhibite a doctor and iij or iiij mo to here confessionis and set in Cardmaker & oder in their placis. then came the Byshope of London is aparitor came and raylid on thother Byshope &. saide that he nor no suche as he is shall have j urisdiccon w'in his lordf pteincte Then was the Byshope of London sent for on Thursday make answer to it but he was sike and myght nott com/ Then on Fryday the clergye sate on it in the Convocacipn howse at aftre non a long tyme fa lafte of till a nodre daye & the meane tyme all men that have takyn any hurt losse or wrong at his hande must bryng in their byllis & shall have recompence. On Sondaye last the Byshope of Worcetre preched at Paulis Crosse- and he saide that byshopis, abbatis, p'oris, parsonis, canonis resident, pristis and all were stronge thevis, he dukis lordis & all/ the kyng qd he made a marvel! good acte of par liament that certayne men shold sowe ev'y of theym ij acres of hempe/ but it were aft to litle were it so moch more to hange the thevis that be in England, byshopis abbatis w' sooche other shold not have so many §vantf nor so many dysshes/ but 292 STATE PAPERS. to goo to their first foundacon & kepe hospitalitye, to fede the nedye people, not jolye felowis w' goldyn chaynes & velvet gownys/ ne let theym not onis come in to the howsis of religion for repaste/ let theym call knave byshope knave abbat knave p'or/ yet fede non of theym all nor their horses nor their doggis nor ye sett men at lybertye. Also to ete fleshe and whit mete in the Lent, so that it be don w'out hurtyng of weke consciences & w'out sedition/ & lykewise on Frydaye & all dayes. The Byshope of Can?bury seythe that the Kyngf grace is at a full poynte for fryers and chauntry pristis, that they shall awaye all that savyng tho that can preche/ thanne one saide to the Byshope that they had good trust that they shold serve forthe their lyff tymes/ And he saide they shulde 3ve it out at cart then for any other Svice they shold have bye that. On Saterdaye in the Ymbre weke the Kyngfj1 grace came in amonge the burgesis of the parliament & delyfed theym a bylle and bade theym loke upon it and waye it in conscience for he wold nott/ he saide/ have theym passe o9 it nor o9 any other thyng because his grace gevitb in the bill/ but they to see yf it be for a comyn wele to his subjectis and have an eye thederwarde/ and on Wedynsday next he will be there agayne to here their myndf- Ther shalbe a pviso made poore people. The gaylis shalbe ryde, the faultye shall dye, and the odre shalbe acquyte bye proclamacon or bye j ure and shalbe set at libertie & paye no fees and sturdye beggaris & suche prisonars as can nott be sett a worke shalbe sett a worke at the Kyngf charge some at Dovor and some at the place where the water hathe broken in on the londe and other mo placis. Then yf they fall to idelnes, tho idelers shalbe had before a Justice of peace fa his fawte writen, then yf he be takyn idle agayne in another place he shalbe knowne where his dwellyng is and so at the second monycion he shalbe burnyd in the hande & yf he fayle the iijde tyme he shall dye for it. this saide Burgis of the pliament. Men saye that the sayntuary shall aftre this settyng of the parliament hold no man for dett morder nor felonye nor for none other cause, nor Westmester nor S. Martyns nor seint Ka?yns nor none other saintuary. Other newis knowe I none as knowith our Lord who ef kepe us all. Writen in haste the xiij"' day of Marche by yor owne to his litle power. [Cott. MS. Cleop. E. iv. fo. 110. a.] 293 THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. Of Anne, daughter of John Duke of Cleves, the fourth wife of Hemy VIIL, little is recorded by historians, excepting the particulars of her marriage to that monarch, and a notice of her divorce six months afterwards. In Sir Nicholas Wotton's despatches to the King,* he being one of the ambassadors sent to treat with her mother and brother for the marriage, she is described as " of verye lowlye and gentyll condicions,'' and through her excellent temper very much endeared to her friends. Beyond the exercise of the needle, and reading and writing her own language, her accomplishments were few, even, according to the German fashions at that time, to the exclusion of music. The preliminaries of the marriage were settled at Windsor, in the end of September 1539, between the King and the Chancellor of the Duke, her brother : and thereupon great preparations were made for her reception. She arrived at Calais on the 11th of December, and landed at Deal on the 27th. The King had a private interview with her at Rochester; and on the 3rd of January she was most splendidly received at Greenwich, where she was married three days afterwards. Of these matters a very minute account has been preserved by Hall ; f but there is no account of what passed in the six months following, except that in honour of this marriage, which had been procured chiefly by the persuasion of Sir Thomas Cromwell, the King created him Earl of Essex ou the 18th of April, 1540. Henry soon evinced his dislike of his new wife, whom he coarsely styled "his Flemish mare," her portrait, painted by Hans Holbein, having pleased him more than the original ; and she was never crowned. The Chronicler above referred to, says, that on June 25th, " the morowe after Midsomer daie, the Kyng caused the Quene to remove to Richemond, purpos- yng it to bee more for her health, open ayre, and pleasure : but the sixt daie of July, certain Lordes came doune into the neither house, whiche expresly de clared causes that the mariage was not lawfull, and in conclusion the matter was by the Convocacion clerely determined, that the Kyng myght lawfully mary where he would, & so might she : and so were thei clerely devorsed and seperated, and by the Parliament enacted and concluded, that she should be taken no more as Quene, but called the Lady Anne of Cleve." | The particulars of this transaction, as they appear on the Journals of the House of Lords, § show in a striking manner the artfulness and injustice of the King, and the slavishness of his ministers and subjects. On Tuesday the 6th of July, the Chancellor, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Dukes of Norfolk and Suffolk, the Earl of Southampton, and the Bishop of Durham, stated to the House, that they, having been commissioners in procuring this marriage, but now entertaining doubts of its validity, would move the House to consider what might be best done, and to join with the Commons in an address to the King * Dated 11 August, 1529.— Ellis's Original Letters, First Series, ii. 121-2. t Chronicle, ed. 1550, ff. 237—242. t Hall, fo. 242b. § Vol. i. pp.153, 154, 155. X 294 THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. for permission to deliberate on the matter. They were sent to the Commons, who consented, and appointed a committee of about twenty, who went up with the Lords to the King, beseeching him to permit the legality of his marriage to be determined in Convocation. This the King granted, and ordered patents to pass accordingly. Ou Saturday, the 10th of July, the Archbishop reported to the House of Lords the sentence of the assembled clergy, in Latin and English, and delivered the documents attesting it, which were sent to the Commons. On the Monday following, a bill to invalidate the marriage was read ; and on the next day, Tuesday, July 13th, being the eighth day from the commencement of this business, it was twice read, and then passed unanimously. It is as remarkable that no trace of these hasty proceedings can be found in the Foedera, as that no document concerning the marriage itself should occur there. There are, however, two patents,* subsequent to the divorce, which relate to this lady. The former, dated 9 January, 1541, is a grant of natu ralization in the usual form. In the other, she is described as Anna Geve, &c. who had come into England on a treaty of marriage, which, although cele brated in tbe face of the Church, yet never received a real consummation, be cause the conditions were not fulfilled in due time ; and there were other causes of greater importance. Wherefore, by mutual consent, a convocation being called, the marriage was judged -f to be invalid and null; yet, notwith standing, she being content to abide in this realm, and to yield to its laws, and to discharge her conscience of that pretended marriage; the King, of his especial favour, granted to her certain manors and estates in divers counties, lately forfeited by the attainder of the Earl of Essex and Sir Nicholas Carew, to be held, without rendering account, from the Lady-day foregoing the said grant, which was dated on the 20th of January, 1541. These estates were granted to her for life, on condition that she should not pass beyond the sea. Of her life, during the seventeen years of her retire ment, nothing is known. Holinshed % says, that she was " a ladie of right commendable regard, courteous, gentle, a good housekeeper, and verie boun- tifull to her servants." It is probable that she sought and found in her re tirement, comforts which are not afforded in a court ; and her considera tion for her domestics is evident from her will, § made a few days before her death, which happened in her house at Chelsea, on the 17th of July, 1557. The official account of her funeral, which is here given from an ancient book in the College of Arms, || is not only in itself curious and interesting, and illus trative of her will, but confirms the accuracy of that valuable diary of a citizen of London, which furnished much information contained in Strype's Annals of the Reformation. The whole passage is here subjoined, accurately copied from the original MS., Vitellius, F. vn. which has been restored by Mr. Madden, from a bundle of loose burnt leaves, to a folio volume. " The sam day begane ye herse at Westminster for my lade Anne of Cleyff w* caxpynters worke of vij prensepalles as goodly a hers as * Rymeri Foedera, xiv. 709 — 714. f Read judicarunt for " indicarunt." % Chronicle, ed. 1587, vol. ii. 1133. § Recorded in the Prerogative Office of Canterbury; libro Wrastley, fo. 35. || Book of" Burials" marked I. 15, ff. 232— 242b. The original draft is preserved in the MS. I. 14, ff. 83—94. THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. 295 " The iij day of August my lade Anne of Cleyff sum tyme wyff unto Henry ye viij"1 cam from Chelsey to heiyal unto Westmynster w' all ye chylderyn of Westmynster & many prest & clarkes & then ye gray ames of Powlles & iij crosses & ye monkes of Westmynster & my lord bysshope of London & my lord abbott of Westmynster rod together next ye monkes & then ye ij sekturs ser Edmond Peckam & ser Prestorc cofferer to ye quen of England & then my lord admerall my [Lord] Darce of Essex & mony knyghtes & gentyll me & a for her servandes & after her baner of armes & then her gentyll me & her hed offessers & the here charett wl viij baners of armes of dyver armes & iiij baners of images of whytt taffata wroght w' fyne gold & her armes & so by sant James & so to Charyng Crosse w' a c torchys bornyng her s'vandes bey- ryng them & ye xij bed men of Westmynster had nuw blake gownes & thay had xij torchys bornyng & iiij whyt branchys w' armes and then ladies & gentylle wome 'all' in blake & horsses & a viij haroldes of armes in blake & ther horsses & armes sad a bowt ye herse behynd & be for & iiij harolds baryng ye iiij whyt baners ?iti anni proventus reddituu nroij, nee media pars sit nee hoc quoq, tempore solvendi neq, etiam hoc p'sertim anno (cum frumentu scilicet pe- cudes ceteraq, victualia oia solitu excedant pretiu) familiae iire alende impensas adasquare possint. Tercio executores iiros subnoiatos enixe oramus ut famulis hris benignos se prebeant dominos et eor' unicuiq, quoif noia in scacarij hri rotulo con- tinenf tam ijs (inqa3) qui officia gerunt qa3 ceteris etiam ordinis inferioris qui vel a Regia Maj estate vel a nobis etiam stipendia capiunt, unius integri anni stipendiu a primo Julij jam cur rents inclusive usq, ad primu ejusdem mensis qui in anno Dni miftimo quinge"0 quinquagesimo octavo cadet exclusive, solvi consuetum damus legamus. Unicuiq, eoij. qui officia gerunt pannu nigri coloris, pretij 13 solidor' et 4 denarioij. in singulas virgas, ad cooptandam sibi togam lugubrem cum cuculla et tunica damus legamus. Etiam unicuiq, generoso generoseq, qui queve nobis inservit ministratq, tantundem dam9 legamus. Ceteris vero ex inferiori ordine tam viris qam pueris duas virgas panni nigri pretij novem solidor' in singulas virgas damus lega mus. Feminis quoq, generosis que nobis in secreto nro cubkulo inserviebant pro immensis suis quos pro nobis susceperunt la bores damus legamus put sequif, viz. Dorotheas Wyngfeld1 20 libras, Susanne Boughton in dotis sue partem centu libr, Do rotheas Curson in dotis sue partem centu libr, Anne Haymonde 20 libr, Janae Whittingtoh 40 libr, Dorothee Potter 40 libr, Magdalene Tattoh 40 libr, Lucie Brudeneft 40 libr, Elizabeth' Guldeforde 40 libr, Marie Brudeneft 40 libr, Anne Egerton 40 libr, Marias Hall 40 libr, Catharinae Chare et Anne filie 60 fib? 13 solid et 4 denar, Elianore Vaughan et Anne filie ejus 40 libr, Elizabeth Eliott lotrici nre 10 libr, et nutrici Lovell dili- gentias noie qua dum egrotaremus in nos usa est 40 solidos damus legamus. Preterea viro cuiq, generoso quotidie nobis inservienti preter ea que supius eis dedim9 legavimus 10 libr in- super damus legamus, verbi gra, Thome Blagrave 10 libr, Jo hanni Wymbyshe 10 libr, Edmudo Foster 10 libr, Thome Vaughan 10 libr, Nicholao Clerck 10 libr, Arnoldo Ryngelbury 10 libr, Rowlando Sprott 10 libr, Nicholao Pope 10 libr. Unicuiq, etiam inferioris ordinis lociq, preter ea que superius eis dedimus legavimus insuper 40 solidos damus legamus. Pueroif etiam unicuiq, preter ea que superius eis dedimus legavimus insuper 20 solidos damus legamus. Preterea damus legamus Duci WILL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. 301 Clevie fratri iiro adamantem instar cordis cu multis quadratis incisuris fabricatum aureoq, insertum anulo. Et sorori nre Du- cisse Clevie aureu annulum magno rubino nigroq, colore or- natum damus legamus. Dhe Emilie sorori fire pyramydalem adamantem aureo insertum anulo damus legamus. Dhe Ka tharine Ducissas de Suffblke adamantem quadrangularem sed aliquantulu oblongu aureo similiter insertu anulo damus lega mus. Comitissae de Arundell quadrangularem quoq, adaman tem aureoq, insertu anulo cum duabus quoq, Uteris .H. viz et I. lapidi suppositis damus legamus. Dno Pagett secreti sigilli custodi triangularem adamantem aureo insertum anulo damus legamus. Et cognate iiro Dho Waldeck aureu quoq, anulu magno concavoq, ornatu rubino damus legamus. Volumus pre terea vasa hra argentea, monilia, vestes pretiosas reliquaq, bona nra mobilia per executores hros venii ire, quo creditoribus satis- facere, exequias peragere, legataq, psolvere possint. Preterea damus legamus Doctori Simonis medico iiro ob ingentes quos sepius iiro noie suscepit labores 20 libr, Alardo chirurgo famuloq, iiro 4 libr, et Johi Guligh preter stipendiu suu 10 libr. Preterea damus legamus singtis pueris hris elemosinarijs quo melius- enutrianf 40 solid eis pro execute^ hroij seu ab eis sub- stituor' prudencia solvendos. Pauperibus etiam qui Riche- mond Blechingleigh Hever et Dertford incolunt singlis dico villis, 4 libras damus legamus, quam pecuniae summam per ecctiaij. custodes presente tamen aliquo famulor1 hroif qui circa ea loca habitant ejusq, consilio inter pauperes distribui volo. Preterea damus legamus capellanis nris Othoni Rumpello et Dionisio Thomow unicuiq, inqa3 eoif 5 libr nigramq, togam ut pro nobis orare dignenf. Jacobo Powell famulo nro 40 solid, Helene Turpyn olim lotrici nre 4 libr, Othoni Willick nup famulo nostro 20 libr. Quoniam autem Otho Rumpello, Ar- noldus Ryngleburye, Johes Guligh, Johes Solenbrough, Theo- dorus Pasmafi, Arnoldus Holgens, Georgius, Hagalas et Jacobus Powell famuli conteraneiq, hri ex hoc Anglie regno discedere in animo habeant, eol} unicuiq, ad iter suu 40 solidos damus legamus. Preterea famulis nris Thome Persse thesaurario iiro, Thome Hawe contrarotulatorio iiro, et Michaeli Apsley rei nre culinarie prefectui, pro immensis quos sepius nro noie sus- ceperunt labores preter stipendia sua ceteraq, que illis dedimus legavimus singulis insuper 40 libr damus legamus. Volumus quoq, ut executores hri thesaurario nro pfooiato qui non par- vam pecuniae sumam ad dignitatem nram tuendam alendamq, familiam iiro exposuit noie ceterisq, omnibus qui ullas pro nobis pecuniae sumas exposuerunt quibus hactenus satisfactum non est abunde psolvant satisfaciantq,. Quod reliquu vero erit bonoi£ omniu nostroi$ mobilium quoitcuq, vel qualiucuq, que supius nee dedimus nee legavim9, exequiaij. impensis, legatis, debitis tam superius qam inferius noiatis pro equo et bono 302 WILL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. psolutis, reverendissimo Nicolao Heth Eboraceh Archiepo sum- moq, Anglie Cancellario, Henrico Corhiti de Arundell, Ed- mundo Peckam et Rico Frestoii militib3 damus legamus, quos etiam hujus hri testamenti ultimeq, voluntatis executores qui nro noie put ei ac eis optimu visum fuerit rem omnem admi- nistrabunt instituimus Reginam quoq, Mariam etiam atq, etiam oramus ut hujus nri testamenti supervidendi onus in se recipere non dedignetur precibusq, supplicibus ab ea conten- dimus ut hanc hram ultimam voluntatem put Celsitudini sue optimu visum fuerit ad anime nostre salutem adimpleri curet. In signu igr spei certissime quam in ejus Celsitudine fixam et lo- catam habemus quod inter monilia nra pretiosissimu fuerit tanqa3 amoris hri specimen excellentissime Majestati ejus damus legamus, eandem obsecrantes ut famulis hris concedat legatis exiguis quidem illis frui, que in ministerii diutini sui remunera- tionem eis dedimus, presertim cu a pre suo celeberrime memorie Rege Henrico ejus nominis octavo, quo tempore primu rem do- mesticam instituebamus, eoif ministeria nobis delegabantur, Mihi enim invictissimus ille Rex aiebat se famulos hros tanqa3 suos re- putaturu eoi^q, ministeria nobis prestita non minoris qa3 si sue Celsitudini prestita fuissent estimatuij,. Regiam itaq, Majesta tem obtestamur ut pari modo eosdem extreme hoc sue necessi tatis tempore suos quoq, reputet. Preterea damus legamus Domine Elizabeth unu ex monilibus nris quod post Regine electionem optimu inter cetera judicaverit, eandem una enixe obsecrantes ut Dorotheam Curson ancillam nram inter suaif ancillaij, numeij recipere dignetur. Preterea damus legamus executoribus nris pro laborib3 quos p nobis suscepturi sunt viz Dno Eboracensi Archiepo eodemq, sumoq, Cancellario au ream cu operculo pateram, Comiti de Arundell auream cum operculo crateram instar vasis in effigie Marie Magdalene ex- pressi fabricatam, Edmudo Peckham militi cyathum aureu cu. suo operculo, vel vitru crystallinu auro circuseptu gemmisq, obsitum, et Richardo Freston militi optimam nram cu suo oper culo deauratam pateram vel id auri vasculu quod Edmudus Peckham miles post electionem relinquet : quos omnes etiam atq, etiam obsecramus ut pro nobis orare, ut corpus nrm pro Regine animi sententia sepeliendu curare, ut suffragia quoq, sancte Ecclie secundu fidem Catholicam in qua jam in hoc se- culo transitorio morimur nobis concedere non dedignentur. Hijsce testibus quoij noia sequutur presentibus, Thomas Persse thesaurarius noster, Thomas Haw contrarotulator hr, Michaett Apsley rei culinarie prefectus, Johes Symyngf medicus noster, Alardus Blundey, Johes Guligh, Dionisius Thoinow capeft confessorq, noster, Dorothea Wyngfeld vidua, Susanna Bough ton, Dorothea Cursoii et Anna Haymah, cum multis aliis. Probatum,, c\c. ut antea. FUNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. 303 THE FUNERAL. Thentyrement of and Buryallof the Right highe & noble Pryn- cesse the Ladie Anne, doughter to the highe & myghtie prynce Joh'n Duke of Cleave, &c. and Sustre to the woorthie & puyssant Will'm Duke of Cleave Gulyghe & Geldresland, M'quys of Berge, Erie of Zutphen, & M'ke & Erie or Lorde of Ravenstene or Ravensperge, who deptid this present lyefe at the Kinge & Quenes ma"15 place of Chelsey beside London, in the countie of Myddlesex, on frydaye the xvjme of Julie, abowt iij of the clocke in the mornynge. A0 3 et 5 of K. Ph. &Q. Marye, 1557, the dimlcall l're C. In prymis, her bodye was tramelled, bowellid, spyced, sweete oyl- led, cered in lynnen clothe x folde, & then chestyd, by Joh'n Cressye, waxe chaundeler, with thelpe of Thomas Grenell, Thomas Dey, and Roberte Thrower, who were gteners of the waxe woorke there. — It'm her bowells were buryed afore the highe awltre in the churche there, wheron was leid a pawle with a white crosse of clothe, & a tapre, with daylie s'vyce till they bury all. — It'm thefi hyt was browght forthe into a uttre chambre at the steyre heade, where in the myddest hit was sett cov'ed with a ryche pawlle of clothe of golde, garnisshid with vj schoocheons of her armes, and on the myddle a greate gylte crosse betwene ij greate tapres, and at ev'ye corner one greate tapre sett on greate highe candlestyckes of wood gylte, burnynge day and nyght ; and afore the corps one awltre with ij tapres, wherat was masse & dyrydge daylie seid ; where hit remayned till Tuesday was a senne- nyght aftre ; wch daye hyt was removid downe into a lowe chambre adyoynynge to the halle, wch was hangid to the ground with ij breade of brode clothe garnysshid with scoocheons, with awltre & all thinges as afore, where hit remayned till the daye of her buryall. — It'm the halle was lykewise hangid, garnysshid with schoocheons. It'm in the myddle of the square platt betweene the highe awltre & the quere at Westm', was ordeynid a sumptuous hersse of vij pryn- cipalls, vij fote di betwene ev'ye pryncipall, & so the compasse abowte xvij yardes di. — Fro the grounde to the joystes, wcb were bourdid, hyt was iij yardes, & fro the bourdes to theade of the pryncipall. — And the lengthe of the Ratchemente betwene ev'ye pryncipall was iij yardes qrter. — And fro thuttre rayle to the ynnr rayle in the narrowest place was v fote. And in the forgte a greate large roome, becawsse of thawltre wch was sett therin, adyoynynge to thuttre rayle, wch rayle was compasse abowte xxxij yardes di, furnysshid w'th a greate payre of trestles, a table & ix joynid stooles garnysshid as followeth, et to ev'ye stole one quyssheofi of clothe another of velvett. — It'm all 304 FCNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. the grounde within thuttre & ynn' rayles was cov'ed with cotton, & the seid rayles & stoles hangid dowble with blacke penystofi gar nysshid with schoocheons in mettall on buckeram. — It'm the lytle awltre within thersse, & the vj postes, were cov'ed with velvet, & on eche a schoocheon of armes on buckeram. — It'm a maUe of xij elnes of dowble tapheta lyned with buckeram wrowght with the Dome & iiij Evangelistes in fyne golde with a vallence of lyke tapheta lyned, of the lengthe of xv yardes di & in breade a qrter wrought with her armes & Spes mea in Deo est as afore, wherat did hange one frynge of Spanyshe sylke of the breade of ij nayles di. — It'm the vallence for the ratchementes was of dowble sarcenet lykewise wrowght of the lengthe of xlv yardes & in breade iij nayles, the frynge ij nayles. It'm to cov' the bodye in the Charyott, & also undre thersse, was ordeynid one pawle of blacke velvett of the lengthe of v yardes, & of vj breades of velvet with one breade of whyte sattyn for the crosse lyned with buckeram, velvett xxv yardes, & sattyn ix yardes di, with vj scoocheons wrought in mettall on sarcenett. — It'm one Canape of blacke velvett of iiij breades & in lengthe iij yardes, the valence of the same velvett fryngid with sylke of a qrter brode, velvet xiiij yardes, frynge x yardes di, with iiij blacke staves with knoppes & poyntes to fasten it for the caryage. — It'm the charyott was made open, all cov'ed cleane ov' with velvett fryngid with sylke. — It'm iiij horsses cov'ed with blacke cleane ov' to the pasterne, eche a schafferon in his for- heade, with iiij schoocheons of armes, & lykewise theyre brydells & drawghtes (wherwith they drewe the charyott) cov'ed with blacke clothe. — It'm on ev'ye horsse was a hencheman w' his hoode on his heade. It'm at eche corn' was a bann' of sayntes borne by iiij heraldes, vid'z the Trynytie, Rychemond; our Ladye, Yorke; S' George, Lan castre ; & S' Anne, Blewemantle — It'm abowte the charyott was sett viij bann'olls of her armes & dyscentes, and at theade knelid Edward Adams w' hys hoode on his head, apoyntid for Thomas Vawghan, gen tleman ussher, not iiij dayes afore deptid, & at the seate sate lykewise Edmond Foster, thother gentleman ussher, his hoode on his heade. It'm all the ix mourners, ij assystaunces, ij executors, the Kinges of armes, heraldes, & pursuyvantes, with ye bann' bearer, theyre horsses cov'd to the pastron ; & the seid offycers of armes & bann' berar theyre horsses eche of them garnysshid with iiij scoocheons wrowght with metall on buckeram, & one schafferon in the foreheade. — It'm theade offycers, as Knight Chamberlayne, Steward, Thr'er, & Con troller, & Mr of thorsse, had theyre horsses in demye trapp™. — It'm all the rest ofthe gentlemen & gentlewomen rydde withowt trapur for theyre was none allowed. It'm Thomas Carewe, esquyer, her graces Recev', was apoynted to execute the place of Sr George Gafford, knight, Knight Chambre- layne, alytle afore put awaye. — Thorn's Percye, her graces Cofferer, was apoyntid as Steward. — Thomas Hawe, her graces Clerke Control ler, as Thr'er. — And Thorn's Blakegrave, her Awdyter, as Countroller, for that at that tyme she hadde none of those iij heade offycers. And Mr Roberte Wymbushe was apoynctid Clerke of the Kytchyn for Mr Applesley, but iiij daies afore deptid & buryed. FUNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. 305 It'm bothe the walls fro the highe awltre to the foote of thersse hangid with ij breade of penyston garnysshid with schoocheons. — It'm thalle within thabbaye & the greate chambre fro whence they pceadid to & fro the churche & dyned in, was also hangid & gar nysshid with schoocheons, wch howsse dyd latelye belonge to the lorde Wentwoorthe. It'm 1. yeomen in blacke to carry lte staffe torchis abowte the bodye all the waye lightid on eyther side, & to stande withowt abowte thersse in the churche when they com' thether. — It'm the poore beademen of Westm' in blacke gownes of theyre owne to carrye torches goinge with the formost crosse on ether side the waye. — It'm the Busshoppe of London, Doctor Edmond Bonner, & Doctor Fecknam, Abbott of Westm' with xxxte monkes, to fatche the corps at Chelsey ; & when they com' nere the churche, the Busshoppe & Abbott to go in afore, to prepare them selfes in theyre pontificulibus & receave yt at the west dore. — It'm the crosse & whole quere of Powles to fatche the corps at Chelsey. It'm on Sonday afore in gyshe churchis was geven warnynge to all the poore people to staye at home, for that there shulde be no dole, but the money browght them home, wch was done for the heate of the wether. To beare the bann' of Armes: Nich'us Pope, gentleman. — To beare the canape at tymes accustomyd, with theyre hoodes on theyre heades: Rauphe Haymond, Rychard Potter, Thomas Penryddocke, Joh'n Freeston, gentlemen all of one height. — To beare the bann'olls fro the charyott to the hersse, & there to holde them, with theyre hoodes on theyre heades : Robert Hare, Thomas Wentwoorthe, Thomas Stafferton, Nich'us Rutland, Joh'n Brakenburye, Joh'n Kayes, Ed mond Ayre, Roger Dey, gentlemen. — To beare the corps at tymes accustomyd, with theyre hoodes on' theyre heades: Joh'n Fenner, Thomas Chayre, Arnold Ringleberghe, Pynner, Nych'us Fayre- faxe, Joh'n Babham, Thomas Sterne, Bosgrave, gentlemen of one heyght. — Assystaunces to the corps when hyt was borne : John Gulyghe, Allard Blundye, John Morgan, Pryce, gentlemen. — The ladie Mordaunte rydde as a morner, but when she lightid bare the trayne, & Mri9 Wingefild was the ix morner. — Chapleyns iiij, with typpetts &. gownes : Sr Dennyce Thomowe her confessor, apoyntid for Almenor to geve money by the wey ; Sr Otho Rumpello, Sr George Mounsoun, Sr Leonarde. Conductors in the stidde of the ij pourters in blacke cotes & blacke staves : Joh'n Johnson, Regnolde Woodgate. It'm fro the day of her deathe till her buryall was contynewall watche daye & nyght, by gentlemen, gentlewomen, & yeomen. Torche bearers yeomen, 1. — Morgan Gryft'ythe, Joh'n Mylner; Thomas Bonde, Thomas Rowley ; Petre Somer, Joh'n Beche ; Joh'n Clerke, Joh'n Bonde; Thomas Harroden, Thomas Pembreton ; Richard Bellomye, Willam Wylson ; Richard Craycrofte, George Browne ; Thomas Talbott, Joh'n W alloys ; George Brydge, John Gubberte ; Joh'n Ryggs, Anthonye Balbye; Adam Tacye, George Hagolas; Richard Bradburye, Willam Bryckes ; Thomas Stratfilde, Richard Stratfilde ; Richard Sundreforde, Willam Undrehill ; Thomas Greene, 306 FUNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. Thomas Cooverte ; John Saxbye, Rauphe Welles ; Edmond Fynche, Roberte Layton ; Willara Bassett, Joh'n Halle; Willam Cole, Derycke Paseman ; Roberte Tyler, Joh'n Cole ; John Dorryngton, John Mer cer ; Roger Pensforde, Anthonye Foster ; Thomas Mounte, Thomas Haywoode ; with iiij other. At theade of the hersse was iij seates preparid with quyssheons cov'ed with blacke for the olde Duchesse of Norff. & the ij lordes assys- taunces; and ij fourmes above for thexecutors & knyghtes. The garnysshinge of the hersse. It'm vij pryncipalls with dowble storyes, thone of vij lightes thother , of vj : and abowte the nether pte of the chiefe pryncipall caste forthe, iiij bowghtes, wheron was iiij greate morters, bearinge vij lightes the pece; and on ev'ye of thother pryncypall iij bowghtes with iij morters as afore. And so the seid vij pryncypalls had 245 lightes sett forthe and garnysshid all thorowghe wth bowles & crosses, together with gylte howssinges, morners, schoocheons, & angells, as followethe. — It'm vj ratchementes with xiijne corsse lightes a pece, and on ether side of ev'ye light, one bowght with a smaller lyght ; and so the ratchements hadde 234 lightes garnysshid as afore. — It'm betwene eche pryncypall on ev'ye square was xiijne corsse lightes, ev'ye one havinge a bowght with a smaller light; and so the vj squares hadde 136 lightes gar- nysshid as afore. Suma of thole lightes 615. It'm on ev'ye pryncypall betwene the ij uppre storyes was iij mor ners sett in a gylte howsinge with gylte bootresses : morners 18, hows- inges 6. — It'm on ev'ye bowght of the ij rowes of the pryncipalls was sett one smalle angell, and betwene ev'ye bowght ether one greate angell, or sengle cote of her amies: angells 126, schoocheons 42. — It'm on ev'ye other bowght of bothe sides of the ratchementes was sett one smalle angell: angells 78. — It'm on ev'ye bowght of eche square was sett ether one angell or a scoocheon with a sengle cote of her armes : angells 34, scoocheons 34. — It'm on ev'ye pryncypall ov' the valence one greate angell, and over that a great scoocheon of her armes within a garland of pomegarnettes, with the crowne of waxe : angells 6, schoocheons 6. — It'm on ev'ye square betwene the nether lightes & the valence was sett vj greate angells & morners in howssinges & botresses; and in the myddes therof in eche square ether the Trynytie, our Ladye, S* George, S' Anne, a kinge or quene, in side gylte howssinges & gilte botresses : angells 36, mourners 36. It'm vj braunches of whyte waxe, iiij of them of vij lightes the pece, & thother ij of iij lightes the pece ; and oii ev'ye bowght of the iiij greatest one angell : angells 24. Suma of gylte botresses, 24. — Suma of lightes in all, 649. — Suma of angells, 304. — Sum" of gylte howssinges, 12. — Sum3 of schoocheons in sengle cotes all lozenge undre a crowne, 76. — And greate scoocheons within the garland, 6. — All wch pcells made of waxe. It'm there was ordeynid & spent ij.c. staffe torches.— 'It'm on ev'ye pryncypall betwene the ij storyes were sett ij scoocheons in papre of her armes: 14. FUNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. 307 It'm betwene ev'ye bowght of the ij greatter whyte braunches was sett one scoocheon of her armes iu payste. It'm abowte the seid hersse was bestowid xx"e dooss' of pencells in sengle cotes of her armes, vid'z on the chiefe pryncypall 21, & on ev'ye other pryncypall 18, on ev'ye ratchement 10, and on ev'ye square or side 8 or 9. It'm hyt was likewyse garnysshid with 8 bann'olls, together with 8 more holden, iiij whyte bann's of sayntes, and the greate banner. Thordre in pceadinge fro Chelsey the horsse wey to Charinge Crosse & so to thabbaye at Westm' with the corps of the seid noble pryncesse, on Tuesdaye the iijd of Auguste 1557. Fyrste the bodye leid within the charyott furnisshid with all thinges accordinge to thordre afore taken, cam' & was browght to thut tre gate, fro whence ev'ye man beinge in his place apoyntid accor dinge to his chardge, abowt ij of the clocke in thaftre none they pceadid in mann' followinge. — And at the bridge next Chelsey where they ij pysshes do pte, the quere & crosse of St. Martyns (by Cha ringe Crosse) mett the seid corps, doinge theyre ceremonyes, & then that crosse joynid with the crosse of Chelsey & so pceadid joynctlie together to Westm'. * In primis. Joh'n Johnson' & Regnold Woodgate in blacke cotes & blacke staves for the conductors of the waye. Then the crosses of S' Martyns & Chelsey. Then all the Childerne ij & ij, of Westm'. Then all Clerkes ij & ij. Then the crosse of Powles ij & ij. And at Charinge Crosse the ij gretter whyte braunches mett yt, & was borne on eyther side with ij Clerkes in ij surplesses. Then all the seid quere ij & ij. Then xxx monkes ij & ij. Then her graces iiij Chapleyns amonge whom Sr Dennyce delte the almes by the waye, all wch afore went on foote. Then rodde Edmond Bonn' Busshoppe of London, and thabbott of Westm' on his right hande. + Then all gentlemen in gownes with hoodes on thfiyre shulders ij & ij, xxxvj"e. Then Mr Symondes her phicysicon, & Mr. Wymbushe Clerke of the kytchyn. Then Sr Roberte Oxenbridge, Constable of the Towre of London, & Mr Doctor Cooke, Willam in the steede & for Sr Arthur Darcie, who shuld have byn there, but cam on the morrowe to s'vyce. * The following note is written vertically in the margin ofthe MS. " Here on ether side went poore men in blacke gownes with torches." f " Roudgecrosse & ltoudgedragon to geve ordre, theyre horsses cov'ed & garnysshid as afpre." — Ibid. 308 FUNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. Then Sr Joh'n Mordaunte, & Sr Richard Sowthwell Mr of thordy- nance, ij of the Quenes Cowncell. * Then the Stewarde Thr'er and Controller with theyre whyte staves, & hoodes on theyre shulders in demye trappres. Then Sr Edmond Peckham and Sr Richard Freeston Cofferer of the Queo.es howsse, & ij ofthe Quenes Counseil & ij of thexecutors : hoodes on theyre shulders & theyre horsses havinge demye trappres. . Then Mr Pope with the bann' of her armes, his horsse furnvsshid as the heraldes afore, his hoode on his head. Then Mr Garter, with the Knight Chambrelayne, his hoode on his shuldre, and a demye trappre. t Then the charyott drawen with iiij horsses garnysshid as afore, with iiij henchemen syttinge on them, theyre hoodes on theyre heades : the coffyn cov'ed with the velvet pawle, & the charyott open fur- nysshid & garnysshid with bannerolls as afore ys expressid withowt anye presentacon. And at the iiij corners the iiij heraldes beringe the iiij whyte bann's of Sayntes, and at theade & feate sate and knelid Edmond Foster & Edward Adams, theyre hoodes on theyre heades & whyte roddes in theyre handes, as gentlemen usshers. Then followid Nych'us Clerke Mr of the horsse, w'his hoode on his shuldre, bareheadyd, & his horsse a demye trapre, leadinge the horsse of estate, beinge a fayre whyte palfrey with a syde saddle & harnesse cov'ed with crymesyn velvet fryngid with golde frynge. ix morners. ix morners. Then M'quesse of Wynchestre as chiefe morn' assystid by Sr Will 'am Howarde lorde Admyrall & Sr Thomas Lorde Darcye of Chyche, with hoodes on theyre heades, & when the cam into the churche they put them of, untill they executid in theyre places agayne.. Then wiefe to the L. Admyrall, and wiefe to the lord Northe. Then the ladie Anne, wiefe to Sr Henrye Capell, and wiefe to Sr Joh'n Mordaunte knight. Then wiefe to Sr Edmond Peckham dough- ter to Cheynye of Chesshamboys in Buck- inghamshere and wiefe to Sr Arthur Darcie, doughter to Sr Nych'us Carowe. Then wiefe to Sr Robert Oxenbridge, and late wiefe to Sr Weymond Carewe. All thes theyre horsses trappid cleane to the pastron * " Here allalonge the ltie yeomen with theyre torchis on eche side." — Ibid. t " The Mr of thenchemen to see thordre of thenchemen." — Ibid. FUNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. 309 Then Mlis Dorothe, late wiefe to Joh'n Wingfield doughter to Fytzherbert of Berkshere, and Mris Susan Of her pry vie j doughter to Bowghton of London. Chambre, 4. \ Then Mrls Marye, wiefe to Raphe Haymonde, dough ter to Nawnton, & Mris Dorothe, doughter to K Cursson of Lecestreshere. Then M'is Lucye, doughter to Sr Richard Brudnell of Northamptonshere, and Mris Elizabethe, doughter to Maydens of J Sr Joh'n Gwyldforde of Hempstid in Kent. honour, 4. \ Then Mris Marye Brudnell, sustre to Lucye, and M"s Marye, doughter to Halle, late Controller of ( Callyce. !Then Mris Jane, doughter to Whytington, and Mris Mawde, wiefe to Totton, sustre to Dorothe Cursson. Mris Anne Edgerton & Dorothe Potter were sykke at home. Extraordinarye, 4. Then MrU Katheryn, wiefe to Thomas Chayre, a Dutche woman, & Mris Hamond. Then Mris Elizabeth, wiefe to Joh'n Tyteley, doughter to Rastell of theVacheinBuckinghamshere,& all thes had paryshe heades & hoodes of blacke clothe, with typpettes, the saddles of theyre horses cov'ed w'th blacke clothe. Then my L. m'quesse iij women, as Mris Cockered, Mris My L. Howard ij. My L. Northe ij. My L. Capelles j, Mris Anne .Capell, doughter to Edward Capell. My L. Mordauntes j. My L. Peckham ij, vid'z Marye, doughter to More late Srgeante of the Catree, and Marye, doughter to Babham of Buckinghamshere. My L. Darcyesj. My L. Oxenbridges j. My L. Carewesj. All thes in pyshe heades without hoodes. Then all yeomen & other in blacke, iij & iij, and of them her graces men formost, & aftre all other in ordre. And in this ordre they pceadid ov' the fyldes by Charynge Crosse till they cam' to the Churche at Westm', where at the west dore ev'ye man lightid & the bodye was taken owt of the charyott, borne, as- systid, with the canape caryed ov' yt with the bann'olls & bann's of Seyntes borne accordinge to the former apoynctmeut, the Busshoppe & Abbott receavinge yt: in wch ordre they pceadid to the hersse, the chiefe morner beinge assystid w'her Assyst'unces and her trayne borne by the ladie Mordaunte assystid by the knight Chambrelayne, his hoode on his heade ; all havinge theyre hoods on theyre heads, wth theyre did execute anye chardge, duryngethe tyme of theyre chardge. Y 310 FUNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. Then they morners placid, the assystauncys were placid in ij seates at theade of thersse, where also sate tholde Dutches of Norfolke; the seates cov'ed with blacke with quyssheons to leane & kneele one, & all other placed accordinglie, makinge theyre obeysaunce first to the awltre & aftre to the corps. Then Roudgedragon at the uppre quere dore bade the beades as followethe : Of yor charytie praye for the soule of the Right highe & Excellent pryncesse the Lady Anne, doughter to the highe & myghtie prynce John late Duke of Cleave, for whose soule & all x'pen pater noster. And so the Dyridge pceadid, the Busshoppe and Abbott at Magni ficat & Benedictus censinge the corps ones abowte w'hin the ynn' rayles but not the awltre. Then Dyridge don, when the quere sang the comendac'ons, the morners & other deptid in ordre as they cam' into the Churche (except the bann') & so pceadid into a greate chambre within thabbaye apoyntid for them, where the voide was preparid, late the lorde Wentworthes howsse. And then ordre taken for iiij gentlemen and viij yeomen (but no gentlewomen for that they were not well at ease) to watche the corps all nyght. And lyke ordre taken for ix ofthe ladyes & gentlewomen to be at the Churche by vij of the clocke in the mornynge at the ij fyrste masses, with one to beare the trayne, with the gentlemen to execute theyre offycys : and the rest of the lordes & ladies to be there by ix of the clocke, they deptid at theyre pleasure for that nyght. It'm all the Dyridge tyme & also at the iij masses on the morrowe, were holden not nere the hersse but cleane withowt the barryers of the square platte by the poore men and yeomen afore namyd, xxx torches contynewallie burnynge at one tyme. Wenysdaye the iiijthe of Auguste. It'm by vij of the clocke in the mornynge, the ij Executors, the ladie Peckham & her Graces weomen cum' fro Chelsey to Westm', where at the weste dore they alightid & pceadid to thersse as followethe. — Fyrst all gentlemen ij & ij. Then theade offycers. Then thoffycers of armes. Then Mr Garter & the gentlemen usshers. Then the ladie Peckham as chiefe morner, assystid with Sr Edmond her husbande & Sr Richard Freeston w'her trayne borne by Mris Halle, assystid wth the knight Chambrelayne, all havinge theyre hoodes on theyre heades. Then Mris Wingefilde & Mris Bowghton : Then Mri8 Haymond & Mris Cursson : Then MrlB Lucie Brudnell & MriB Guyldforde : And then Mris Marie Brudnell & M'is Whytington : (woh ix were the morners at the fyrste masses:) Then all the rest of the gentlewomen. In wcl' ordre they pceadid to the hersse & toke FUNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. 311 theyre places accordinglie ; ev'ye man goinge to his place, they he raldes & gentlemen holdinge theyre banners and bann'rolls. The masse of our Ladie went forward, executid with deacon & sub- deacon. And at thofferinge, the gentleman ussher leinge the blacke clothe and quyssheon, takinge thassaye, the chiefe mornr went uppe assystid & her trayne borne as afore, all thother viij morners follow- inge conductid with thoffyce of armes, she offerid a pece of golde, delyv'ed her with thassaye by M'ris Wingfild, & so none to offre but she : they returnid & toke ev'y one theyre place, & there staidd till masse was endid, songe by the p'our of the place. Then, ev'ye bodye keapinge theyre place, the Trynytie masse ymme- dyatlie begon, executid by thabbott in pontificalibus w'his croysyer, deacon, and subdeacon &iij assystaunces, at the wch they offeringe was in all poyntes as afore : & then masse endid, they returnid in ordre as they cam' to the greate chambre afore namyd, by wch tyme the rest of the lordes & ladies were comeii, & breakfast beinge don, they returnyd to the churche in ordre in all poyntes as the nyght afore, & there toke theyre places & chardges accordinglie, ev'y bodye ordrelye, fyrstmak- inge theyre obeyssaunce to the awltre & aftre to the corps. Then Roudgedragoii, as at other tymes accustomyd, bade the beades. And then the masse of Requyem began, executid by the Busshoppe of London w'his croysyer, deacon, & subdeacon & iiij assystaunces, wherewithall he pceadid till he cam to thofferinge, & then he turnyd hym ; and hit was don in manu' followinge. Fyrst the clothe with quyssheofi leid & assaye aftre taken pceadid uppe all gentlemen & knightes, then theade offycers, then offycers of armes, then executors, then Mr Garter with the gentleman ussher. And then the chiefe morner betwene her assystaunces, with her trayne borne, the reste ofthe morners followinge her ij & ij, at wch she offerid a pece of golde, & so returnyd and toke her place & the rest toke theyres, the offering d'd' unto her by the ladye Howard with assaye. Then the chiefe morner rose agayne, & all estate lefte with- owte ether assystauncys or trayne borne, clothe or quyssheon, but onlye conductid by one offycer of armes, went & offerid for her celfe & then toke her place. Then rose uppe & went to thofferinge the ladie Howarde & the ladie Northe, conductid by ij offycers of armes, and returnid and toke theyre places. Then rose up & wente to thof feringe the ladye Capell & the ladie Peckham, conductid as afore. Then the ladie Darcie & the ladye Oxenbridge, as afore. Then the ladie Carewe and M™ Wingefilde, as afore. Then the ij lordes As- systaunces, as afore. Then the Dutches of Norffolke with one offycer of armes. Then the ladie Mordaunte who bare the trayne, with one offvcer of armes. Then the ij Executors & thother knightes, with one y 2 312 FUNERAL OF THE LADY ANNE OF CLEVES. offycer of armes. Then rose uppe the ladie Northe, & at theade of thersse withowt the uttre barryers, Mr Garter delyv'ed to her & leid uppon her armes one pawle of clothe of golde of iij yardes, wherewith- all she went with ij offycers of armes before her abowte the uttre barryers, & at the feate of the herse, delyv'ed yt to ij other heraldes, who with kissinge theyre handes recevid it, & leyd yt on the feate of the corps ; J< In Nomine pris & fit & spc sci Ani. Hoc est testamtii Willi Longesp Com Sarr fern I media qadrag ab incarnacoe dni anno M° CC. xxv" qn dispoitu & pvisu fuit qd ide comes iret I Wascoh I fvico dni R. scilt I p'mis. Ego Wills Longesp comes Sarr assigavi qd debitu qd debui dno Regi post ultiih qpotu meu eode anno cora Baronib3 de Sccaio ap Westih reddaf dno R. de exitib3 custodian meaij,. Salva tii calupnia p>dci debit! qd batli mei monsfre poEut ee supdemanda. It ego assigavi qd alia debita ma reddanf de exitib3 Ere Willi de Vescy qua fieo I custodia mea excepto manfro de Cathorp cu ptih. unde assigavi ducentas libras ad op9 be Mar de essarto de Bentlewud. Recep- tis 9o ducentis libij de dco manfro t1 ide marfJiu rev^tef c ptin ad debita ma solvenda usq, ad plena etate hedis ptaoiati. Ite ego assigavi ad satisfaciend de p'sis exa guerra. captis Ijuste ad opus meu p me ipm vel p mos medietate omim .pventuu custodie ?re hedis com fi. le Bigod & alia medietate oim jrventuu illius cus todie ad reddend f vica hiis qui m' f viert excepto maniio de Aclee cu ptih. uh assigavi ducentas marc ad novu op9 Sarr ecclie. Re- ceptis v° ducentis marcis de dco manerio de Accleer' ide maniiu 6 He is called William de Wenda by Le Neve, who states that he became Dean of Salisbury in 1220. 7 Edmund de Abbendon, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury. 8 A good pedigree of Longespee will be found in Baker's History of North amptonshire, p. 694, but an error occurs which requires to be noticed. It is said,, that Ela, daughter of the hero of Massoura, and the grand-daughter of the tes tator, married James de Audley, and died without issue. According to many pedigrees, she was the mother of several sons, from one of whom the Barons Audley ofHeliegh descended; but evidence has only been found to prove that she was the mother of a Hugh de Audley, who was attainted in the reign of Edw. II, which Hugh was the father of James de Audley. There is strong reason to believe that the said James was the brother of Hugh de Audley Earl of Glou cester, and of Alice the wife of Ralph Lord Neville of Raby. See Escheats 56 lien. III. N° 8, and 19 Edw. II. Nos 30 and 48. EARL OF SALISBURY. 343 cu ptin revHet1' ad dca debita mea psolvenda ut p^dcm est usq, ad plena etate fiedis dei coin H. le Bigod j It ego assigavi ad edificacoem dom9 Loci Dei ordinis Chartus omes pvet9 custodie Ere hedis Rici de Campvill unde m° su saisitus usq, ad plena etate hedis mei. It ego assigavi eide domui loci dei ordin1 Char- Eus unu calice de auro cu pulcris esmerald & rubetis & pixide. .j. de auro cu pliis & duas fialas de argent qaij una est deaurata & alEa plana est. fa magna, capella sua, scilt una casibula. de rubeo samito & una capa, chori de rubeo samito. una. tunicula una, dal- matica, de croceo cendallo bene efforciato. una alba, c puris .j. amictu & .j. stola. .j. fanone c twail & oihes reliquias suas. Ite ego assigavi eide domui mille bidentes rhrices fa trescentos multones. fa xlviij. boves fa xx. avYos. It assigavi domui see Mar de as- sarto de Bentlewud capella mea, feriale qua mecu ferre gsuevi p>E dcas duas fialas de argento q assigate sut cu magna capella ut pdem est. Et assigavi eide domui libru meu qui vocaf porte- hois. It eide domui assigavi xx. vaccas. c.c.c. oves rhrices & centu multones & xxxij. boves & xxx. capas & centu porcos. It assigavi domui de Bradenestok tescent bidentes mat'ees & x. vac cas. & vii avYos. It assigavi domui de Bernecestr c.c. bidentes mat'ees & .x. vaccas fa viij boves. It assigavi domui de Terrente c. bidentes mat'ees & viij. boves & septe av'os. It assigavi domui de Kinton .c. bidentes mat'ees & sex vaccas. It domui de sea Helena de Lond x. vaccas. It domui de monasEio Hederoso as- sigavi L. bidentes mat'ees & x. vaccas. It domui sci Johis de Wilton assigavi v. vaccas. It domui de Brumo^ assigavi L. bi dentes mat'ees & iiijor vaccas. It domui de Bradeleg assigavi c. bidentes rhrices fa x. vaccas. It assigavi domui de xpi ecclia L. bidentes mat'ees. It assignavi domui de ferleeg3 .c. bidentes mrices & x. vaccas. It assigavi doih de Bruynton .c. bidentes mat'ees & x. vaccas. It assig domui de sco Dionis exa Sudhatoh L. bidentes mat'ees & x. vaccas. It Le^sis hospital Sarr .v. vaccas. It Le^sis hospit de Wilton v. vaccas. Ite domui 'de Hundles lawe3 x. vaccas. It assignavi hospitali sci Bartot de Lond viij boves.* Ite assignavi dom see Radegund exa Dovr xce' boves. Huj9 aut testafhti mei executores ostitui videlt. Veh Pates dnm S. Cant archiepm. diim Bath dnm Line & dnm Sari1 epos ad ordinand fa gfirmand fa ad tuendu testaihtu psc'pt It et viros veri?abiles & amicos meos dnm W. Mar coifi Penbij. diim W. de Waud Decanu Sarr & magfm Edih Thesaur Sarr ecclie ad gservand & qsulend8 8c ut firmiE assistant execucoi dei testa- inti qstitui. It et dilcos & fideles ihos dnm Ada de alta Ripa milite fa dnm I. Bonet clicu. ad dem testaihtu fidelr exeqndu p qsihu & auxil ^dcoig. virot} gstitui. Ad majore autem huj9 testaihti secritat fa testimoniu. dhs Rex ad petitione mea huic psenti sc'pto sigillu suu una cu sigill pdcoii viroij & una cu sigillo iho apponi fecit. Two copies of this will occur on the rolls : the principal variations are: 1 amitam. 2 forleg'. 3 Ilundeslawe. 4 vaccas. 4 ad confidend' &ad conservand'. 2a2 344 INVENTORY OF THE LIBRARY, PLATE, JEWELS, MONEY, TAPESTRY, LI NEN, AND OTHER GOODS, BELONGING TO THE HEIRS OF THE COUNT OF ANGOULEME, TAKEN AFTER THE DECEASE OF THE SAID COUNT, 20 NOVEMBER 1496.' The claims of the following article to admission into a work which was undertaken to illustrate the state of Literature and the Arts, as well as the do mestic establishments of persons of various ranks in the middle ages, are too obvious to require to be insisted upon. In the fifteenth century there was but a very slight difference between France and England on these subjects, and perhaps a more valuable catalogue of a library of that period has never before been published. The MSS. are distinguished from the printed books, and it is noticed whether the latter were printed on paper or on parchment. The in ventory of the Duke's plate, money, and linen, affords little information of in terest, but the notice ofthe artillery which he possessed is curious. The MS. is of the folio size, and very wide. It is lettered on the cover, " Inventaire de la Librairie et des Meubles du Due d'Orleans, en 1496." Every page is defaced by a liquid, and cut at the foot, so that some of the words are illegible, and in some pages whole lines are wanting. It would appear, that the object of these disfigurements was to destroy the signatures of the wit nesses, which were probably written on each page, to authenticate the inventory. Charles Count of Angouleme and Duke of Orleans, son of Jean, was born in 1459, and died 1st Jan. 1496, leaving a widow, Louisa, eldest daughter of Philip Count of Bresse and Duke of Savoy, and two children : Francis, after wards King of France, born 12th Sept. 1494, at Cognac, and Margaret, who married, first, Charles Duke of Alenc on, and secondly, Henri d'Albret, King of Navarre. — The Arms of the Duke, which are so frequently mentioned in the list of his books as ornamenting their clasps, were, France, a label of three points Argent, charged with as many crescents Gules. Those of the Duchess were, Gules, a cross Argent, for Savoy. L'an de Grace Mil CCCC quatrevingts et seize le vingtiesme jour du mois de novembre Nous francois Corlien licencie es loix lieutenant general de noble et puissant seigneur mons' le seneschal d'angoulmois Pour treshault et puissant prince Monseigneur le Due d'orleans Et treshaulte et excellante princesse madame lacontesse d'angoulesme tuteurs et aians ladministracion de monseigneur le- conte d'angoulesme et madamoiselle sa seur enffans de mad' dame mineurs d'ans estant ou chastel decoingnac apres l'expedicion des assises dud' lieu de la partie de mad' damme lacontesse nous fut dit et remonstre commant par q devant par le roy fire sr elle avoit este declaire tutrisse de mesd' srs ses enffans Et de leurs biens en lacom- paignie de mond' sr d'orleans qui leur avoit par led' sr este donne tuteur honnouraire comme appert par les l'v'es et bail de lad' tutelle Et que pour plusieurs grans afaires a elle survenuz puis le decez de feu monseignr charles en son vivant Conte d'angoulesme pere 1 From the original MS. on vellum, in the possession ofthe Baron de Jour- sanvault, of Pomard, in the department of the Cote d'Or, and obligingly com municated by Sir Thomas Croft, Bart. THE COUNT OF ANGOULEME, 1496. 345 desdits mineurs A cause de ses obseques execucion deson testament et autrement en plusrs manieres elle navoit encores peu faire vac- quer A l'inventoire des bien meubles apparten' a elle et mesr* srs ses enffans ce quelle desiroit tresfort defaire et nous a requis comme juge ordinaire dupais que voulissions proceder a faire led' inven- toire et en ce faisant mettre et reddiger par escript tous et chacuns lesdits biens meubles demourez dudeces et trespas dud' feu seig neur Lesquelx elle offroit nous monstrer ou faire monstrer et exhi- ber offrant en oultre desa part faire garder eyer les sollempnitez requises et tout ce quil appartiendra par raison Laquelle requeste par nous ouye avons dit et fait response a mad' dam'e que volun- tiers procederions au fait dud' inventoire Et que pour icellui faire prandrions adjoinct ou greffier avecques nous O ce que prealable- ment mad' dam'e nous feroit le serment en tiel cas requis et acous- tume Laquelle se consentit et accorda ace Et par ce apres que eusmes esleu et choisi pour greffier et adjoinct maistre helies dutillet notaire royal mad' dam'e nous jura et fit serment de bien et loyau- ment nous monstrer et faire monstrer et exhiber tous et chacuns les biens meubles lettres tiltres et enseig'mens quelle avoit ou pouvoit avoir devers elle ou autres de son sceu et adveu apparten' a mesrs s™ ses enffans ou esquieulx ils ont part sans en receller aucuns et apres ce tout incontinant et en nre pr'nce commanda a nobles personnes helies de polignac sr de fleac et geoffroy dupindufon sr damail- loux illec piis de assister avecques nous et nous faire monstrer et exhiber lesdits biens et chouses pour les mettre et emploier aud' in ventoire auquel led' jour avec led' dutillet et en price des srs de- polignac et dupindufon avons commance de proceder et continue les jours ensuivans en la forme et maniere qui sensuit. Et premierement nous transportasmes en la chambre de la librai- rie dud' feu monseigneur le conte en laquelle ont este trouvez les libvres et volumes qui sensuivent. Cest assavoir le libvre de Jehan boucasse escript en parchemin et aia main historie et tourne a or et azent couvert de veloux cra- moisi gamy de fermoere aux armes lun de monseigneur et lautre de madam'e. Item le libvre de day' escript en et en ytalien et en francois couvert de drap de soy broche dor ouquel y nuits ... feu mondit seigneur . . . . et historie. Item le libvre des problemnes delaristote escript alamain et en francois historie couvert de veloux cramoisi a deux fermouers de lecton dore lun aux armes de feu mondit seigneur et lautre aux armes de madamme. Item le libvre de Vallere Legrant en francois en parchemin escript a la main historie couvert de drap dargent avecques deux fermouers lun aux armes de mond' seigneur et lautre aux armes de madam e. i There was a Lady of Avignon, named Aye, who was an authoress ; possi bly this book might be part ofher works. M. Barrois attributes all the works, supposed lo have been written by her, to Huon de Villeneuve. 346 BOOKS BELONGING TO Item le libvre des augueres historie escript en parchemin alamain couvert de veloux cramoisi figure sans fermouers. Item le libvre de larbre des batailles imprime en parchemin historie couvert de veloux cramoisi a deux fermouers lun aux armes de mond' seigneur et lautre aux armes de madicte damme. Item le libvre des merveilles du monde en francois escript en parchemin et aia main et couvert de veloux cramoisi adeux fermou ers lun aux armes de mond' sr et lautre aux armes de mad' dam'e. Item le libvre Du Regyme du monde historie escript alamain en parchemin couvert de veloux cramoisi Sans fermouers. Item ung petit libvre de lordre* en papier escript a la main couvert dune peau rouge. Item les parabolles de sallamon Les espistres sainct Jehan Les espistres sainct poi et lappocalixe Le tout en ung volume escript en parchemin et a la main et en francois couvert de veloux chan- geant et adeux fermouers lun aux armes de mond' seigneur et lau tre aux armes de mad' dame. Item les histoires de godeffroy de bilhon escript a la main et en parchemin et historie a deux fermouers lun aux armes de mond' seigner et lautre aux armes de mad't' dame. Item ethicques polliticques et yconomic .... laristote en francois escript en pchemin et aia main a ung fermouer de lecton. Item le libvre de oroze3 en francois escript aia main et en parchemin illumine a or et azeur couvert de drap dargent a deux fermoers lun aux armes de mond' sr et lautre aux armes de mad' damme. Item la legende doree escripte en francois et aia main en parchemin historie couverte de drap dargent a deux fermoers lun aux armes de mad' damme et lautre aux armes de mond' seigneur. Item une autre legende doree en latin escripte en parchemin et a la main couverte dune peau noire. Item le libvre de politicques en latin escript aia main et en parchemin couvert dune peau rouge. Item le tiers volume de lancellot dulac historie imprime en parchemin couvert des veloux changeant a deux fermoers lun aux armes de mond' scigner et lautre aux armes de mad' dam'e. Item le tiers volume des cronicques de france historie imprime en parchemin couvert de veloux cramoisi a deux fermoers lun aux armes de mond' seigneur et lautre aux armes de madamme. Item le libvre duchevalier des dames escript en francois en 2 Probably " The Rules of the Order of the Golden Fleece." 3 Orose, (Paul) a priest of Tarragon in Catalonia, about the year 414. He was the pupil and friend of St. Augustine and of St. Jerome, and published a history ofthe world, in seven books, from the beginning ofthe world up to the year 316 J. C. He also wrote other works. THE COUNT OF ANGOULEME, 1496. 347 parchemin et aia main couvert de satin viollet a deux fermoers dar gent aux armes de mad' dam'e. Item le libvre des nobles femmes escript a la main et en parchemin historie couvert de veloux cramoisi a deux fermoers lun aux armes de mond' seigneur et lautre aux armes de mad' dam'e. Item le premier volume de la table ronde de lancellot du lac historie imprime en parchemin couvert de veloux changeant a deux fermoers lun aux armes de mond' sr et lautre aux armes de mad' damme. Item le second volume des cronicques de france historie im- primee en parchemin couvert de veloux cramoisi a deux fermouers luh aux armes de mond' seigne7 et lautre de madicte da Item le premier volume de imprimie en pchemin couvert de velloux Item le libvre de la ymytacion de Jhucrist et mesprisement du monde et leschalle de paradis escript aia main et en parchemin his torie couvert de satin violet sans fermoers. Item le libvre du triumphe de Renommee historie escript aia main en parchemin couv't de veloux changeant a deux fermoers lun aux armes de mond' sr et lautre aux armes de mad' damme. Item le libvre des parabolles maistre alain historie imprimie en parchemin couvert de drap dargent a deux fermoers aux armes de mond' sr et de mad' damme. Item le libvre de la dignite et excellance Royal en francois historie escript aia main en parchemin couvert de veloux cramoisi a deux fermoers aux armes de mesd' seigneur et dam'e. Item le libvre de boece de consolacion historie escript aia main en francois et en pchemin sans fermoers couvert de satin noir. Item le libvre delart de faulconnerie historie imprimie en parchemin couvert de satin viollet et sans fermouers. Item le libvre de meditacions de lymage de vie escripte aia main en parchemin historie couvert dune peau rouge a deux fer moers aux armes de mesd' sr et dam'e. Item faretra domini bonavanture ordinis minorum en ung petit libvret en parchemin couvert decuir rouge. Item larboliste historie escript aia main en parchemin couvert de satin verboche adeux fermouers aux armes de mesd' seigneur et dam'e. Item lologe de sapience historie imprimie en parchemin cou vert de veloux changeant aux armes de mesd' seigner et dam'e. Item le libvre de mazoiet en francois historie escript a la main en parchemin couvert de velloux cramoisi a deux fermoers aux armes de mond' sr. Item le libvre du songe du vergier historie escript en francois en parchemin et aia main couvert de drap dargent aux armes de mesd' sr et damme. 348 BOOKS BELONGING TO Item le libvre de la bible des poetes .... historie imprimie en parchemin couvert de velloux viollet .... aux armes de mesd' seignr et damme. Item six petitz libvrez trois couvers decuir vert ung de satin noir ung autre de satin tanne et lautre de veloux noir tous escripts en parchemin et aia main. Item le libvre du myroer des dammes escript aia main en parchemin et en latin couvert decuir rouge. Item les cinq libvres de vincent listorial speculum doctrinale morale ystoriale naturale en deux volumes imprimez en papier et couvers trois de cuir rouge et deux de cuir tanne. Item ung petit libvre des cronicques de france escript en parchemin et aia main couvert decuir noir. Item le libvre appelle faciculum temporis en francois im prime en papier. Item le libvre de boucasse des femmes escript en papier et aia main couvert decuir bleu. Item le regyme des princes escript en papier et aia main cou vert de cuir blanc et tanne. Item le libvre de la mer des histoires imprime en papier cou vert de cuir rouge. Item le libvre de metamorfoze en francois imprime en papier couvert de cuir vert. Item les facecyes deponge* imprimies en papier et en fran cois couvert de cuir vert. Item le libvre des cent nouvelles nouvelles imprimie en papier couvert de cuir noir. Item le plaidoye de la mort de monseigneur le due loys dor- leans' escript en papier et aia main. Item le myrouer de la Redempcion humaine imprimie en pa pier couvert de cuir rouge. Item les libvres de vita xpi en deux volumes imprimies en papier couvert de cuir vert. Item le libvre de la peregr de la terre saincte im primie en papier en francois couv Item soixante trois petis libvres et traictez de diverses chouses les aucuns en papier les autres en parchemin les aucuns en latin les * Pogge, misspelt Ponge. Francesco Poggio Bracciolini, born at Terracina in 1380, a satirical author, from whom Lafontaine borrowed the delightful fable of the Miller and his Son. The oldest edition of the " Facetiri' of Pogge, hitherto known, in French, is that of 1549. The edition mentioned in the text, is more ancient by fifty-three years at least. * Louis d'Orleans having assassinated Jean sans Peur, Duke of Burgundy, 29 Nov. 1407, Jean Petit, a Coidelier, a Norman doctor of Laws, undertook to justify this atrocious crime by twelve arguments, in honour of the twelve Apos tles In this extraordinary work are to be traced the first doctrines of Tyran nicide. THE COUNT OF ANGOULEME, 1496. 349 autres en francois les aucuns reliez atables les autres couvers de simples couvertures desquieulx na este fait inventoire plus ample par ce que on les reppute depeu de valleur. Item les oraisons et meditacions sainct Anteaume6 en latin escriptes en parchemin et aia main couvertes decuir rouge a deux fermoers dargent dorez a deux ymages. Item la somme rural imprimie en papier couvert de cuir vert. Item boce deconsolacion en latin escript en parchemin et aia main historie couvert decuir rouge. Item le libvre de la ressource de la xpriante sur lentreprinse de nappies en latin escript aia main en papier historie couvert de cuir rouge. Item le libvre des trois pellerinaiges en parchemin escript aia main couvert de cuir jaulne. Item plus quarante trois petis libvres les aucuns reliez les au tres coulzuz les aucuns en papier les autres en parchemin aulci divers traictez dont ne est fait plus ample inventoire parce quilz sont repputez de petite valleur. De xxime jour de novembre Ian susd' En ung coffre en salle vert. Ung grant libvre de muzicque en parchemin en grant volume couvert de drap dor. Item ung livre appelle le myroer du monde escript a la main en parchemin historie couvert de veloux cramoisi. Item ung libvre appelle le racional office en parchemin escript aia main en francois couvert a deux fermours aux armes de mond' Item ung libvre nomme lordinaire des crestiens imprimie en parchemin historie couvert de veloux tanne a deux fermeurs aux armes de mesd' sr et dam'e. Item ung autre petit libvre nomme le chemin deparadis escript aia main en parchemin historie couvert de drap dor sans fermeurs. Item ung livre appelle virgesses des establi^semens decheval- lerie et aussi le testament de maistre Jehan de mun7 couvert de drap dor sans fermeurs escript aia main en parchemin. Item ung autre petit libvre en parchemin decacornon 8 escript aia main en francois historie couvert de veloux tanne sans fer mouers. 6 Anthelmus, Bishpp of Bellay, and previously Prior of the Monasteiy of La grande Chartreuse, in 1141. He died in 1178. ' Clopinel, or Jean de Meun, a wit of the court of Philippe-le-Bel, trans lated " Boethius de Consolatione" into French, and finished the celebrated " Roman de la Rose," begun by Guillaume de Lorris. 8 In the " Bibliothfeque Protypographique," by M. Barrois, 4to Paris, 1830, at p. 56, is the following article, numbered 87. " Un livre appelle Decacornum, couvert de cuir vermeil a empreinte, petit volume." 350 GOODS BELONGING TO Item le libvre appelle la vie des anciens peres en parchemin escript aia main historie couvert de veloux tanne. Item ung libvre appelle du corps de police escript aia main en parchemin couvert de veloux tanne. Item le grant boece de consolacion en francois imprimie en parchemin historie couvert de veloux tanne. Item le libvre de mandeville en francois historie escript en parchemin et aia main couvert de veloux tanne. Item le libvre des cronicques defrance en parchemin escript aia main couvert de drap dor. Item ung libvre appelle le libvre dynde autrement le libvre dugrant kan escript aia main en parchemin couvert de drap dor. Item le premier volume du libvre de tristan chevalier de la table ronde imprimie en parchemin couvert de veloux tanne. Item le libvre de charles legrant escript en parchemin couvert de drap dor. Item le second volume du libvre de . . . . Ch'r de la table ronde imprimie en parchemin historie couvert Item ung grant libvre de lancellot du lac ancien et caduc en plusieurs lieux historie escript aia main couvert de cuir blanc. Vais selle dargent. Item en ung autre coffre en salle vert une grant nef doree.9 Deux grans potz neufz godronnez dorez. Deux grans potz vieulx godronnez dorez et a marguerites. Ung grant brocq neuf plain.10 Deux flacons godronnez dorez. Deux drageoers lun neuf et lautre vieulx dorez godronnez. Deux petitz godronnez dorez. Une esguiere plaine. Une eschaufferete. Six tasses godronnees dorees neufves. Trois tasses neufves plaines. Cincq tasses plaines vieilles. Trois tasses martellees dont lune est sans pie. Deux pies de tasses rompus. Seize cueilleres. Deux tranchouers dorez dun couste. Le tout dargent poisant ensemble deux cens trente six mars une once six gros. Pour ce, iicxxxvim i° vi^1'. Item une couppe azuree avecqs le couvercle gamy dargent le pie et les bors. En lacuisine. Trente sept platz dargent dont en y a quatre grans. Item trente sept escuelles aussi dargent. Le tout desd* platz et escuelles poisant neuf vingts seize mars. Pour ce, ix*x xvim Item trente platz et six escuelles .... soixante sept livres. Linge bailie en garde aia femme de Jarnac en ung coffre en la petite salle. Premierement dix neuf draps de lit de toille de ollande de quatre toilles ch'un. Item huit draps de trois toilles ch'un aussi de fine 9 " Nef," sorte de vase a boire, qui, selon D. Carpentier, fut fait comme un bateau. See Roquefort. This word is supposed to be derived from " navis," on account ofthe form ofthe cup. 10 " Brocq," now written "broc." It is a pitcher of a peculiar form, used for filling casks with wine, and is generally made of copper. THE COUNT OF ANGOULEME, 1496. 351 ollande. Vingt draps de trois toilles de fin lin. Deux grans draps de toille crespe. Trois douzennes de tabliers moitie grant et moitie petiz de fin lin ouvrez. Vingt trois douzennes de servietes de fin lin. Treze orilliers de duvet ensoillez de futayne. Linge estant es mains de la nourisse de madamoiselle en ung coffre ou galletas. Premierement quarante huit draps de lyt de lin de trois toilles. Item dix sept autres draps de lin de deux toilles et demye. Dix draps de lin de quatre toilles. Dix sept draps de lin de quatre toilles. Quatre draps de toille hollande de trois toilles et demye. Seize draps de chanure de deux toilles et demye. Douze draps de toille hollande de trois toilles. Seize draps de chanure de deux toilles. Linge de table. Dix grans tabliers ouvrez defin lin ch'un de quatre aulnes de long et de deux aulnes de large. Item quatre autres tabliers ouvrez de fin lin ch'un de de long et une aulne et demye de large. Sept tabliers de fin lin. Deux tabliers presque usez. Trez nappes dechanure toutes neufves qui sont encores a orler. En la petite chambre de madame en ung coffre de cuyr ferre A este trouve une croix dor en la quelle y a ung gros dyament ung ruby caboche11 et deux emerauldes quon dit avoir couste le tout quatre mil cent escuz. Item ung ruby enchasse en une bague dor quon dit avoir couste six cens ducatz. Ung autre ruby caboche enchasse en une autre bague dor que on dit avoir couste trois cens escuz. Ung dyament en cueur a faces enchasse en une bague dor que on dit avoir couste quatre cens cinquante escuz. Une tur quoy se enchasse en une bague dor que on dit avoir couste la som'e de huit vingtz escuz. Ung carquant dor ouquel y a atache ung gros dyament en cueur qui cousta la somme de mil escuz. Une grosse perle ronde qui fut achaptee mil escuz. Ung dyament poincte qui fut comme lon dit achapte trois cens escuz. En une boiste estant en ung petit coffre en lestude de feu monseig neur leconte en la petite chambre de derriere ont este trouvees les pieces et especes dor et monnoie qui sensuivent. Premierement trois cens ung noble trois quars de henry. Item cent douze nobles ung quart aia rouze. Huit cens tant escuz vieulx royaulx francs apye que acheval. Neuf vingts lyons. Quarante huit angelotz et demi. Soixante six henricques et demye. Dixneuf alphoncins. Cent deux riddes et demye. Deux moustons. Quatre magdelenes. Et en une poche en plusrs monnoies la somme de vingt livres tourn'. Autres biens meubles trouvez en angoulesme desquieulx Jehan bouscheron taillendier et varlet dechambre de feu mond' seig neur a lagarde et gouvernem't Et mis par inventoire le xxiiie jour de Nouvembre Ian susd'. Et premierement ou chasteau dud' angoulesme en coffre de la salle basse la tappicerie de la menue verdure qui fut achaptee alyon comprins le ciel des presses treze pieces. Item plus cinq pieces 11 Boiste thus interprets the word caboche" — " poli sans etre taille." 352 THE COUNT OF ANGOULEME, 1496. verdure menue achaptee alyon sem le reste qui sont six pieces mis en ung coffre en la grant salle comprins le ciel. Pour ce vingt pieces pour le tout. Item la tappicerie des bucherons unze pieces en lagrant salle aud' coffre. Neuf pieces dorfevir comprins le ciel. Dallexandre des messes cinq pieces. Sept pieces de verdure deflandres avecques deux banchiers assemblez en ung. Sept autres pieces de verdure plus vieille deflandres et autre feuillage. Deux banchiers de verdure assemblez en ung dymagerie. Ung autre banchier de saincte Su zanne. Ung autre banchier dimagerie assemble. Ung ceil seme de vollerie de sarge rouge. Ung pavilion et deux riddeaux de sarge rouge et vert. Ung petit pavilion de taffetas noir et jaulne. Deux riddeaux de taffetas blanc et tanne. Deux riddeaux de taffetas vert et jaulne. Deux tappiz veluz. Trois mentes et trois corstespoinctes blanches. Une mente blanche fourree de renard. Deux vieux riddeaux rouges. Deux couvertures vertes fort usees. Trois rid deaux bleuz et blanc vieulx. Ung ciel de bassin avecques les pendans. Cinq chaires de fer garnies depoinctes de lecton dore lune couverte de drap dor lautre de drap dargent lautre de veloux cramoisi et deux de satin figure. Douze litz et couchetes garniz de unze traversiers seullement. Quatre poisles rondes. Quatre poisles a queuhe deux noires et deux blanches. Deux grilles et ung fouguet. Trois grans potz de fer. Deux rotisseurs. Dix grans broches de fer. Dix pieces dartillerie faulcons gros et menuz avecques leurs montures garnies de rouhes et chevalletz. Ung gros canon monte sur rouhes et chevaletz. Vingt une paire et demye de landiers de fer. Cincquante sept platz dix sept escuelles et quatre grans potz letout destaing poisant deux cens quatre vingt huis livres. En la maison de Jehan bouscheron tailleur et varlet de chambre de feu mondit seigneur en angome A este trouve une fourrure de martres et rougeroux. Item une fourrure de vaultours. Une autre fourrure de queuhes de martres. Une fourrure de bonnes martres sabellines dune R . . . . Deux manteaux de gris daumusse l2 et deux voetes Ce gris valiant ung cent de gris. Letout desd' fourrures extime par plusieurs maistres pelletiers qui les ont veues a la somme de cincq cens escuz val' la somme de viiic lxxv f. II est a noter que en ce p'nt inventoire nest riens comprins des liv's et tiltres mais sont declairez en autre inventoire appart qui est longe et prolixe. Aussi est a noter que des debtes devez aud' feu seigneur et deniers quil devoit ne pareillemet des blez vins et autres provisions qui estoient autemps de son deces na este riens mis ne couche par inventoire parce que letout pourra estre veu par les comptes des tresoriers argent' et autres officiers comptables de la maison. Corlien. Dutillet. !2 " j* umuce,'' a part of the ancient dress of canons, which is still used by them. They cover the head and shoulders with it in winter, and wear it on the arm in summer. It is always made of fur. That mentioned in the text was probably composed of what is now called in French " petit gris," and which is extremely valuable. 353 LETTERS RELATING TO THE STONOR FAMILY. Some letters written to Sir William Stonor by Simon Stalworthe, acquainting him with the news in London on the usurpation of Richard the Third, will be found in pages 14 — 16. The following, from the same collection, though not of equal importance, deserve insertion as illustrative of the private history of the family. Tlie first is a letter from Alice Duchess of Suffolk, wife of William de la Pole Duke of Suffolk, to William Stonor. The Duchess, as being the grand daughter of Geoffrey Chaucer, is an object of interest. The Poet's eldest son is said to have been Thomas Chaucer, who became Speaker of the House of Commons, and was a very eminent person in the reigns of Henry the Fifth and Sixth. His only child Alice married William de la Pole, Earl, Marquess, and Duke of Suffolk ; but her issue became extinct in the reign of Henry the Eighth, when all the descendants of Geoffrey Chaucer failed. Their son John de la Pole, Duke of Suffolk, had a natural dav.ghter, Johanna, who married Thomas Stonor, and had issue by him Sir William, Thomas (from whom descended the Stonors of Stonor), and two other sons, who died without issue. The next two letters are to Sir William Stonor from his wife. One is dated at London, on the 6th March 1477-8, anno 18 Edw. IV., and the other on the 5th October in that year. They are chiefly remarkable as being part of the few domestic letters of the fifteenth century extant ; but in the first, Lady Stonor ac quaints her husband that Robert Stillyngton, Bishop of Bath, had been sent to the Tower. The arrest of the Bishop of Bath probably arose from a suspicion of his being connected with the treasonable attempts of George Duke of Cla rence, who, about that time, was attainted and executed ; but the fact of the Bishop's being in any way implicated, or that he was sent to the Tower, is not noticed by historians. Lady Stonor was, it appears, a cousin of her husband's ; and had a son by a former husband, whose name probably was Betson. She alludes to her mother and brother Stooker ; and must have been Sir William's second wife ; for by a pedigree in the College of Arms it appears that he was first married to Anne, eldest daughter of John Neville Marquis Montacute, and had issue by her two children : John Stonor, who married Mary, daughter of Sir John Fortescue, and died without issue, and Anne, his sister and heir, who became the wife of Sir Adrian Fortescue, who was beheaded in 1539. The last letter, from Th. Stonor " to his well beloved brother William Stonar," which is, unfortunately, without date, appears to.be addressed to the before mentioned Sir William Stonor, though his title is omitted in the super scription. The writer jocosely tells his " right worshipful brother and sister," that he is great with the King, for he had been brought up to London by warrant of privy seal. It appears that he was in confinement in tbe Fleet ; and he says he had great need of their counsel, for all the Judges and Serjeants were against him, and no man dared be with him for fear of their displeasure, so that he was in a worse situation than a thief, for a thief, on appeal, would be allowed counsel. From the passage " God send never wras tyryngys [qu. worse tryings] to England !" and other expressions, it may be inferred that the writer considered himself subject to some arbitrary exercise of authority. Yet the close of his letter is in a cheerful strain, for he tells his friends he intends 354 LETTERS RELATING TO to keep his gresse tyme 1 in the country, and desires that no man may hunt till he has been there. — Some obscure passages occur in the last three letters; but they have been carefully collated with the originals. I. Right trusty and entirely beloved ffrende we grete you hertely well desiryng' & praying-1 you all excuses layde apart . that incontinent this lettur seyne ye come to us to Ewelme for certayne grete causes concernyng' our wele and pleasir. whiche at your comyng' ye shall undrestond more pleynely. And theruppon ye to departe ayen at your pleasir . so that ye fayle not here ynne at this tyme as our1 parfait trust ys in you. And as in grettor cas we woil be gladde to do for you. that knoweth our lorde . who have you e9 yn gouvernaunce. Wre- ten at Ewelme the .v. day of Marche .3. ?e To our Ryght trusty and entierly beloved ffrende Wyllyam Stoner. II. Ihu m1 iiijc lxxvij. Ryght reverent and worschypffuii and in tefly best be- lovyde hosbonde I recomaunde me unto you in the most har- teyste wise hever more desyryng to her' off your goode wellfare the wyche I pray God longe to contune unto you1 hartys desyr1. f I resayved a tokyn ffrom you by Tawbose my lorde Lovllys sarvant and f I have sent my lorde Lovil a tokyn and my ladys as ye comaunde me to do schuche as schaile plese them . f ye schalle understonde that be beschope off Bathe ys browthe in to the Towre syne you departyd. all so | ye schalle understonde 1 Probably grass time. In the Privy Purse Expenses of Henry VIIL 1532, is an entry of a payment for attendance on the King during the last grece time. And Cavendish, in his Life of Wolsey, says, "My Lord continued at Southwell until the latter end oi grease time : both of which passages refer to the month of June. In the accounts cited, grass is written grysse: "For taking the King's horses to grysse — ." THE STONOR FAMILY. 355 that he wofte henys departe as to morw as fFor as I understonde I pray Iftu by thayr' goode spede and goodard departys all so . and I pray you that ye wylle sende me som off your sarvantys and myne to wayte apone me fFor now I ame ryght bare ofF sar vantys and Y ye know well . | I sent you hallfFe a honder' well- kys by Gardenar1 and I wollde have sent you soin hoder1 desys but truly I cowde not get none but and I cane get hony to rnorow |. Wyftm salle bryng hyt wl hyih. | I pray you that I may be recomaundehyde unto my masterys your moder' and unto all goode fFrendys. no more unto you at thys tym but be blesyde Trenyte have you in hys kepyng now and hever Amen . at London be vj day off Marche. Cossen I was crasyd y* the makyng ofF thys lettr but I thanke God I am right weft amendyd blesyd by Ihu. By youf owen wyfF Elysabeth Stonore. To my ryght reverent and worschyp- ffuil cosyn f Wyllam Stonor knyght. III. Ihu A0 xviij0- Right best and hartely welbelovid husbond I recomaund me unto you w4 att myn hart lettynge you wcte that I am right weft amendid I thanke god broff & on sonday last past I was at the chirche at my ffadyrs deryge fa soppid w' my modyr the same nyght and f yefF I had ones done my pilgramages I reke nat how sone I were w* you at Stonor. and ]f?fFore gentyll f I paye you bat ye ffayft nat to send me myn horsse on settyrday next, and also I paye you to remembr the matter I spake to you off at your deptynge. fFor w'owte that I can nat w4 your worshipe and myn depart London. fFor Cobbe call apon me dayly fFor money, fa the bere wyfFe w* o]tf as I told you . and also I paye you to remembr my sonne Betsoh. fFor he hath mych a doo w' money now. and he trustith veraly to your pmesse . fFor God sake | lett hym nat be forgotten, my modyr & my brodyr Stooker recomaundf hefn both right hartely unto you. fa ffuft fFayn they wold Y ye had bene here. yfF it myght have bene your ease/ and as fFor me I wold nat that ye were here ye know it weft enowgh. netfthelese fFor soth what som ev> I wryte I wold I were at Stonor fFor truly I am veray wery off London ffor my son Betson intend^ to ryde in to the countre/ now whenne I come home/ and he is ffast ryggynge hym jftffore so that many tymes I am post a loyne/ and that causeth me to thynke the more/ 356 LETTERS OF THE STONOR FAMILY. ellynger. and jfiffore good | remembr myn horsse on setPday w'owte ffawte. my son Betson and his wiffe recomaundf them unto you and he told me that he hath bought here in London seth ye deptid .v. sac8 Cottf fFor a part redy money and the rest at mydsoifl next I undyrstond it is a good bargayn/ God lenne gace who p>fve you ef in f tu fa longe helth to Godf plesou1' the v day off octobr. By you? oune wyff D. Elysabeth Stonore. Un to ryght reverent and worschyppe- fuft cosyn f Wyftm Stonor knyght in tbe maner'' at Stonor thys let? be delyverd dd IV. Rygth worchypfull brod and sustr aft? dew recomendacon plesse yt you to hundrstonde yat I have a grett mysse of you thys fme. And I lett you whitte I am' grette w' the kyng1 for 1 com' hoppe be preve sell and grette nede I hadde now of you and of yor counseil for ther ys no mo a counseil a gynes me but all the juges and fjauntts and no man' dare be w* me for disples- syng of them', so I am in wars cause then1 a theffe for a theffe in appell shall have counseil. I prposse to se my susf on ye com1 out of Devysshyre yf I may for the flete but sore I fere lest ye shall fynde me in the flete when1 ye com1 out of Devysshyre. gode sende nef wras tyryngys to englonde. fene I wolde here tell yat I shulde be sende fore to be yor gossheppe but yt hys tolde me ye stryke flatte. more of susf remebr my pauntener and my prsse and yat I have the teune of them1 sende me short ely apon1 pene yat woll fall there on', wat ys yat trow ye lossyng my lordeshyppe &c. quod ka?manes for the indyngna- con1 of a p'nce ys dethe.1 no more to you at thys tyme but Ihu have you and yous ef in kepyng. more of I entende to kepe my gresse tyme in yat countre where fore I woll yat no man' huntte tyll I have bene ther. prve not for of many for my comyng for I woll com1 but w' Willam my men1 and my selfe and se yat my wyne be kowged. «ttK^ To my well beloved brod1' Will'm Stonar thys let? be delyf ed in hast. This passage occurs in Prov.xvi. 14. 357 SATIRICAL VERSES REFERRING TO POLITICAL EVENTS IN THE TIME OF KING HENRY THE SIXTH. Examples have been already given in this work* of the practice of writing satirical verses upon persons whose political conduct rendered them obnoxious during the reign of Henry the Sixth. As it is presumed that articles of this nature are rarely to be met with, and as they sometimes afford historical infor mation, another specimen is now inserted. The following verses are addressed to William Boothe, who became Bishop of Lichfield and Coventry, or as the Diocese was then more generally called, Chester, in April 25 Hen. VI. 1447. They were apparently written about 1451, when, in consequence of his being one of the partizans of the Duke of Suffolk in Henry's council, the Commons petitioned the King that he, with several others, might be removed from his presence during their lives, the grounds alleged being that of " misbehaving" about his Majesty's person " and in other places, by whose -undue means your possessions have been greatly amenused, your laws not executed, and the peace of the realm not observed or kept." Henry only partially complied with this request, as he excepted the Peers mentioned by the Commons, and a few others, but banished the remainder from his Court for one year.f As might be expected, severe reflections are made upon Boothe's character in these verses. He is accused of having obtained his See, not by his learning and abilities, but through the influence of his family connexions, and by simony and usury, — a charge which enables the writer to indulge in the taste of the age by a pun — " By simoni and usur' bild is thy bothe :" which also occurs in ano ther place, " Breke up thy bothe." The Bishop is reminded of the fall of Rome, and warned that such will be the fate of England, if the abuses which then existed were suffered to continue. The proverb, that " the voice of the people is the voice of God," is cited in support of the author's remonstrance. It is doubtful who is meant by " the Judge that is unjust." Trevilian was included in the petition of the Com mons which has been noticed, and he is specially mentioned in other verses on the subject.! De la Pole Duke of Suffolk is particularly alluded to, and a pun is made upon his name — " The pool is so perilous for men to pass That few of the bank royal can escape." For example, " Humphrey" [Duke of Gloucester], of whose murder the Duke was suspected, " Henry," [King Henry the Sixth,] and " John" Duke of Bedford. Bp. Boothe was translated to York in July 1452, and died Sept. 20, 1464. Booth be war' bisshoppe though' th" be Sith that Symofi hym selff set the in thy sete Petur his pagent pleyed not w' the Caro & Sanguis did pryuely plete Thy good and thy catell' made the to mete With the churche of Chesf whiche crieth alas That to suche a mamard marryed she was. * See pages 160. 279. f Rot- Parl- v- 216- t See P' 160— 162- 2 B 358 SATIRICAL VERSES Prese not to practise on the p'uete Of p'nces power' but pluk at the plough' Clayme th" a Cartr crafty to be Medill' the no ferther' for that is y nough' Thow hast getyn gret good th" wost well' how By Symoni and vsur' bild is thy bothe All' the world wote well' this sawys be sothe. The Psalm" of the sawf or Salamonis boke Austyfi or Ambrose or other' tretyes thr are But litell' oii the lessons lust the to loke Be not to bold but be thu welwar' The wit of this world wantonly war' And likenyd to lewdenes lorS in my lore Shame sewith sone when syn gooth byfore. Su' seruyn silur and sorow they doon seche Syn is thr Souraigne se what I say Loke on this lesson and lern of a leche Thy soule for to saue w* miser'r' mei The p'nte of a palsy wisith the thy wey And shewith by thy semblant to sey the thr sothe That tyme is to course hens and breke vp the bothe. Cast in thy conciens clerkly to knowe Publique and p'vathe is all' oii Tulli' hit tellith full' trewly y trowe The Regentes of Rome mony day gon In honors and hauor. rile hem. aflon And of the wide world worthiest they wer' To the Comyfi thyng' in charite they ker'. But when they be gan godes to encrese To prevat psons sorow and shame Dishonour' dispite rebuke did in prese With all' manr myscheff disserityng thr fame Lost all' yr lose of ther nobill' name Disppiled theym' in ward and put theym' to declyne Remembr' now how Rome fell' to a ruyne. Justice ne was egaly execute Fredom' was forfarefi for lak of liberte Right was repraysed and found for no refute They wer' punysshed and tokyn in gre Rigor of lawe hit woll' no betf be Deth thogh' hit wer' they myjt no betf escape But the grete and the golded they made but a jape And lepe our lawe at thr own lust Favor and fauell' foul! fail! they ferys Broght forth avarice fast by the fiste These wer' the Rasours and the sharp' sheres These wer' the same that Rome our threwe Wittenes of writyng all' this is trewe.* * This stanza has a line less than the rest. TEMP. HEN. vi. ;;,59 These made ther enmyes then to su'myse And put fro ther power' with shenshipp' and shame Cronicols this causis craftly can devise And tellen how trechery brought in the blame Hit is not in Englond now the selff same Discusse it with diligens and tell' iff hit be This pagent is pringnant sir pilat pde And ye in your' olde age put in pres And pecus the plious your' pfettes to play And pray for the pty to make his pees That alle the world crieth oute on sotly to say The voyse of the pepill' is cleped vox Dei Hit is a gayns grace and a gret griff To mayfitayfi a maf of suche myscheff '. Vox oppressor' on the p'nce playnyth And on the p'ste eke be warr' yow off wreche Juggement and Justice tho that theym waynyth Serche out and se well' sorow they seche The Juge that is vniuste is a shrewed leche Tent to the tale of Trevilian And fynde by his falsed what worshipp' he wan. Be war' of this warnyng and wayte well' a boute I counseil' the corse not ne blame not the bill' ' Yt is myche lesse harme to bylle thafi to kyll' Be no more blynde but weynyth your' will' To set yow in sewrte holde vp your' honde God saue the kyng his lawe and his londe. Men seyfi that your' secte is opynly knowyii & asspied Concluded in conciens won of the 2 tweyfi That ye be ychone with treson alied Or els hit is lucr' that maketh yo" to leyne Pite for to her' the people complayn And riken vp the ragmaii of the hole Rowte That seruyth siluyr' and leuyth the law oute. Se alle the set that for the swayne sewe Whether mony or mede make yow to mewe Try out the trouthe myght he be trewe , That Couetise hath caused this gret myscheff By rapyne of richese put this in prefe Muse on this maf and be no more blynde Be faithefull' and feynte not fawf to fynde. God kepe our' kyng ay and gide hym by grace Saue hym fro Southefolkes and from' his foois all' The Pole is so plyus men for to passe That fewe can ascape hit of the banck riall But set undr sugr he shewith hem gall' Witnes of humfrey henry and John' Whiche late were ofi lyve and now be they goon'. 1 Aline seems to be wanting here. 2The word ' the' is repealed. 2 b2 360 SATIRICAL VERSES And mony other that nedith not to tell' Su' ben ago and su'me abidefi here Hit is a shrewd pole poufide or a well' That drownyth the dowghty and bryngeth hem a beer' And all' is for the lordafi lovith no per' Practyse his preff of all' that I sey God kepe our' Kyng and hym to convey Bridell' yow bysshopp' and be not to bold And biddeth yowr' beawperes se to the same Cast awey couetise now be ye bold This is all' ernest that ye call' game The beell' Sire ye be the more is your' blame Trowth tellith the tale and will' it not hide Youre labour' for lucr' is playnly aspied God for his mercy all' this reme gyde. Cotton. Charters, II. 23. The following verses were written about the same period, and in reference to the same political affairs as the preceding ; but they are more deserving of attention. Daniel is again alluded to, together with Say, and James Fienes Lord Say and Sele, who was beheaded by the rebels in 1450. Say was probably the John Say, Esq. whom the Commons, in their petition to the King in 1451, prayed might be removed from his presence. The allusion to " Heresy" referred to Lollardism, which was the subject of a curious contemporary poem.* Ye that haue the Kyng to demene And frauncheses gif theym' a geyne Or els I rede ye fle Por ye haue made the Kyng so pore That now he beggeth fro dore to dore Alas hit shuld so be. Tom' of Say and Daniell' both To be gyfi be not to loth Then shall' ye haue no shame Who will' not he shall' not chese And his life he shall' lese No resofi will' vs blame. Trowth and pore men ben apprssed And myscheff is nothyng redressed The Kyng knowith not all' Thorow out all' Englond On tho that holden the fals bond Vengeance will' cry and call'. * Printed in Ritson's Ancient Songs, p. 63, and Turner's History of England, in. 1 55. " TEMP. HEN. VI. 361 The traytors wene they ben so sly That no mafi can hem aspy We cafi do them' no griffe We swere by hym that hairwed hell' ' They shall' no lengr in eresy dwell' Ne in thr fals beleve. So pore a Kyng a Kyng was neur seefi Nor richer' lordes all' by dene The comvnes may no mor' The lorde Say biddeth holde hem dowh That worthy dastard of renown He techith a fals loor'. Suffolk Normandy hath swold To gete hyt a gayfi he is bold How acordeth pese to in oii And he wenyth with oute' drede To make the Kyng to avowe his dede And call' h' no tresofi. We trow the Kyng be to leer' To sell' both men and lond in feer' H' is agayfi resofi But yef the comyns of Englond Helpe the Kyng' in his fond Suff' woll' ber' the crown. Be war' Kyng' Henr' how th" doos Let no lengr thy traitors go loos They will' neur be trewe The traytours are sworn all' to geder' To holde fast' as they wer' brether Let he' drynk as they hafi brewe. The Chauiiseler' that last was hath staffes take Blanke charters to don vs wrake No nombr' of them h' is ferd. He woll' not suffr' the clerkes preche Trowthe in no wise he will' not teche He is the deuels shepard. This bill is trewe who will' say nay In Smythfeld syng* he a day And the helpe of the Rode That traitours shall' provid More resofi cafi not be mevid Thr shall hit be made good O Rex si rex es Rege te vel eris sine re Rex Nomen habes sine re . nisi te recte regas. Cotton. Charters, II. 23. 1 i. e. harrowed, spoiled or subdued. 362 KING'S COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE.* The two following curious documents are printedfrom the originals existing among the Records of the Tower of London. The first, dated 1st Jan. 1450, is the Grant of Arms to the College founded at Cambridge by King Henry the Sixth " in honour of Almighty God, of the spotless Virgin Mary his mother, and the glorious confessor St. Nicholas," since distinguished by the name of King's College :— the second, dated 30th January, probably in the same year, is a similar Grant to Nicholas Cloos, Clerk, (afterwards successively Bishop of Car lisle and Lichfield,) for his services in building the College. These grants correspond exactly in form with those to Eton College and Roger Keys, which have been already printed, f with the omission of the several passages relating to the celebration of divine worship in the grant to King's College, and the addi tion in the grant to Cloos of an exemption from the payment of any fine or fee. The College Arms are, Sable, three roses Argent, ou a chief party per pale Azure with a flower of France, and Gules with a lion passant Or. The Arms of Cloos are blazoned on the Grant, but the colours are so blackened by age and exposure that they can scarcely be distinguished : — Argent, on a chevron Sable three passion-nails of the first ; on a chief Sable three roses Argent. The passion-nails, however, differ in form from the bearing so designated. &ty Rex Omib3 ad quos &cV saltm. Sciatis qd cum gloria sit principum incognitas honorib3 clarificare psonas dum quicquid p regiam munificenciam honorati pvocanf virtuosum pagere in singularem redundet principis laudem./ quanto prestancius est gloriosum studenciu cetum fa divino cultui jugiter invigilancium presertim cum ex principis gracia liber ali ssimis erogatis dotibj gloriose satis erigaf claris decorare nobilitatis insigniis. qd rega- * The germ of the present splendid establishment was a small college for a rector and twelve scholars, founded by Henry VI. in 1441, dedicated to St. Ni cholas, on whose day he was born. In 1442 William Bingham, rector of St. John Zachary's, London, founded a hostle contiguous to Henry's college for a rector and twenty-five students ; which being the year after, with Bingham's consent, united to the King's foundation, Henry founded the college anew for a provost, seventy fellows and scholars,, three chaplains, six clerks, sixteen cho risters with a master, sixteen officers of the foundation, besides twelve servitors to the senior fellows, and six poor scholars. The architect is stated by Hearne (Preface to Glastonbury) to have been the father of Nicholas Cloos ; the latter was master of the works to Henry, and conducted the building. Nicholas was one of the first fellows ofthe foun dation; was promoted, in 1450, to the bishopric of Carlisle; translated to that of Lichfield and Coventry,by Papal provision, in Augustl452; and died before November 1, in the same year. f Pages 48, 49. GRANTS OP ARMS, 1450. 363 Ub3 munerib3 invitatus ad alciora capessenda virtutum fastigia reddaf alacrior. Hinc est qd oculis gracie nre gratanter in, tuentes nre fundacionis Collegium ad honorem omnipotentis dei intemerate virginis fa matris sue Marie gloriosiq, confessoris sci Nichl in Cantebrigg' solempni? inchoatum/ inq, ppetuu di vine laudis ornamentum quatenus cum deo vota nra conveniant in secula gmansurum priores itidem nros pocius in benificencia vincere qam illis parificari cupientes ipmq, manuu nraif opus sup alia dignitatum fascib3 adornari/ non fecim9 ipi nob satis quominus ultra largiciones regias quarum liberali copioso q, splendore con stat esse solempne supadderemus que non parum decoris & clare adicere possent Sane mereri nobilitatis in- gim9. nam si invete- ducte divicie nobiles stancior est & vere di- in scienciaif thesauris pies invenif . Nos igi- legium ipm nfm et in tuo futuros collegas scienciai} adipiscendas nobilitatis titulos Irai} studia clara signia non ambi- rate & p genus faciunt multo p> cendus nobilis qui & prudecie locu- f volentes Col- eo psentes & ppe- quo fervencius ad divicias ammenf in suaif crementa dignitatum generose claritatis tituhs redimiri dco q, Collegio iiro cum psonis inibi per scla lraii studiis diligenf vacaturis sup honorib3 privilegiis & dignita- tib3 graciam hrarn impartiri. nobilitamus nobile q, facimus & creamus/ Assignamus itaq, pro Armis & Armoi$ insigniis in campo mgro tres rosas argenteas habentes in animo ut in secula duraturu jam fundatum Collegium cujus perpetuitatem sta- bihtate coloris nigri significari volumus flores lucidissimos in omni scienciaif genere redolentes pturiat ad honorem & devo- tissimu cultum omnipotentis dei intemerate a, virginis & ma tris gloriose cujus sicuti in aliis & in hac potissimu fundacione nostra flagranti cum animo internam & admodum vehementissi- mam gerimus devocionem quib3 item ut aliquid regie nobilitatis impartiremr qd vere regium & celebre declararet opus pcellas Armorum que nobis in regnis Anglie & Francie jure debentur regio in summo scuti locari statuimus partitum principale de azoreo cum francorum flore deq, rubeo cum peditante leo- pardo aureo hec igitur Armoij. insignia presentibus inserta litte- ris cum ttbertatibus immunitatib3 privilegiis franchesiis juribus & aliis quibuscumq, nobilitatis locis aut psonis debitis & con- 364 GRANTS OF. ARMS, 1450. suetis in signum nobilitatis perpetue eidem Collegio iiro pro per- petuo damus & concedimuspp'sentes. In cujus rei testimonium &c\ Teste Rege apud Westm" &c. Inrollment. — T. R. apud Westm primo die Januarii. Memorand qd ista billa libaf fuit dno Cancellar Angt apud Westifi primo die Januarij anno xxvij" ad exequend ^ Placeat suppremo Domino nostro Regi de gracia vra spiali concedere humili et fideli servitori vro magistro Nicholao Cloos Iras vras patentes tenorem subsequentem in debita forma con- tinentes. Rex omnibus ad quos & cf saltm. Sciatis qd cum principis cujuscumq, intersit et deceat suos subditos precipue illos qui sibi servicia impendunt honoribus privilegiis et dignitatib3 Pre_ miare et decorare ut ad ftmoi servicia impendend cicius animen- tur et fiant prompciores Nos consideracionem habentes ad grata et laudabilia servicia que dilcus et fidelis noster Nicholaus Cloos Clicus multipliciter et diversimode nobis tam in operacionibus nostris edificacionis Collegij nostri Regalis beate Marie et sancti Nicholai de Cantebriggia/ qam alias impendit et impendet infu- tuf Volentesqj eidm Nicholao super predictis honoribus privile giis et dignitatibus graciam nostram impartiri eundem Nicho, laum tamqam bene- gratum nobilitamus creamus et in signum tis arma et armorum bus hic depicta cum tatib3 privilegiis fran- aliis insigniis viris no- con suetis imperpetuu mus per presentes absq, ea de causa solvendo. meritum et nobis nobilemq,facimus et huj u smodi nobilita- insignia in present!, libertatibus imuni- chesiis juribus et bilibus debitis et damus et concedi- fine vel feodo nobis In cuj9 rei et cf. Md qd xxx die Januar' ista bill Hbat1 fuit Cane' Angl apud Westrft exequend. 365 SIEGES IN NORTHUMBERLAND, 1462. The following document presents a contemporary account of the state of the sieges in Northumberland in December 1462, differing in several particu lars from a passage in Stowe's Annals.1 It is preserved among the Cottonian Charters, marked XVII. 10; and is written on a quarter of a sheet of paper cut lengthwise. A similar document was quoted by Dugdale,4 to prove that Lord Scales was at the siege of Alnwick. The most authentic account of these transactions, that is in print, is in the Annals attributed to William of Worcester, pp. 493 — 9 : the facts, as related by another contemporary but in- edited chronicler, are subjoined from the Arundel MS. 5, fo. 179. My lord of Warwik lieth in be Castell of Werkworth and with hym be lord Crumweil be lord Grey Cotnore and my lord Wenlok/ At he siege of Awnwyk lieth my lord of Kent my lord Herry my lord Scalys and many ob' knightf fa squiers/ And at be siege of Donstanburgh lieth be lord Fitz hew fa he lord Scrop & he lord Greystok & be lord Powes/ At be siege of Bamburgh be Erie of Worcestr' tbe lord Mountagu the lord Strange fa the lord Say the lord Grey of Wyltoh/ the lord Lumley the lord Ogifl/ In Awnwyk Castell is be lord Hun- gford f Thomas Fynderh and f Robt Whitingham and w' hem Y noumbre of v or vjc frensshmen/ And in be Castell of Dun- stanburgh is f Richard Dunstail Doctor Moretoh | Philip Wentworth and w' hem a vj or vijc/ In the Castell of Bam burgh is be Duke of SoiSs' the lord Roos & f Rauf Percy & w' hem to be noumbr1 of ij or iij hundred. Our1 men be in all by estimacioh by twen .xxx4'. fa .xltjr. thousand w' out be Kyng & his host. ", Eodem anno circiter festum omnium Sanctorum, percurrente rumore de adventu Regine Margarete, cum copiosa multitudine Fran- cigenarum Scottorum et Anglorum sibi adherentium : precessit festine prenobilis ille belliger Comes de Warwik, cum suis, et subsecutus est Rex Ed. ut earn cum complicibus suis effugarent ; que, fuga inita, tuciora quesivit presidii loca. Rege Edwardo in partibus illis resi- dente, obsessa sunt per nostrates, castra ilia de Bamburgh', Almwyke, et Dunstanburgh' ; quorum duo reddita sunt in manus ComitisWar- wic, circiter festum natalis Domini : subjeceruntque se Dux Somersetie et dominus Radulphus Percy, cum suis, domino Regi, et in graciam recepti sunt. In aurora epiphanie venerunt Scotti cum Francigenis^ aciebus densatis, ad tercium castrum (s. Almwyke) nostris non auden- tibus eis resistere; et secum tulerunt multos (illic inclusos) de con- sociis suis ; et sic in brevi redditum est illud castrum in manus nos- trorum, Francigenis remanentibus gratis abire permissis. His perac- tis, recessit dominus Rex Edwardus, relictis ibidem ad tutelam patrie, Comite Warwic. etc." 1 1631, fol. p. 417. s Baronage, ii. 231 . 366 WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. The editors of the " Collection of all the Wills known to be extant of the Kings and Queens of England,"* inserted in their work proofs of a Will of King Edward the Fourth having existed, which were extracted from the Regis ters at Lambeth ;f and they conjectured that the Will itself was intentionally destroyed during the usurpation of Richard the Third.]: This opinion is shewn to be erroneous by the following copy of that document, which is printed, for the first time, from a transcript made by Rymer,|| from the Rolls' Chapel. Doubts may be entertained whether this was the last will of Edward the Fourth, because some of the persons who are stated to be the King's exe cutors in the Lambeth Registers, are not mentioned in this will, though four of them were the same individuals. The King may, however, have made some alteration on this point, by a subsequent document, without revoking his will. R. E. In the name of the moost holy and blessed Trinitie, the Fader, the Sonne and the holy Goost, by and undre whoom alle Kings and Princes reigne. We Edward, by the grace of God, King of England and of Fraunce and Lord of Irland, remembring inwardly that we, as other creatures in this world; bee transitorie and have noon abidunt therin certain, considering also that we bee nowe upon oure iourney and in taking oure passage, by Godds sufferance and assist- ence, toward oure Reame of Fraunce, for the recouveryng of oure undoubted right and title unto the same, Willing therfore to dispose us in alle things to the pleaser of God, for the helth and relief of oure soule, as ferforthly as we by his grace and assistance can call to oure mynde, the xx day of Juyn, the yere of oure Lord God M.cccclxxv, andthe yere of oure Reigne the xv"1, beeing in helth of body arid hole of mynde, thanked bee his Grace, at oure Towne of Sandwich make this oure last Wille and testament in the manere and fourme herafter enswing. Furst we bequeth [our soul] to allmighty God and to his glorious Moder oure Lady Saint Marie, Saint George, Saint Edward and all the holy Companie of heven, and oure body to bee buried in the Church of the Collage of Saint George within oure Castell of Wyndesore by us begonne of newe to beebuylded, in the place ofthe same Church by us limited and appointed and declared to the Reverende Fader * 4to. 1780. + Registr. Morton, Dene, Bourchier, and Courtney, fol. 175. a. b. in the Archiepiscopal Registry at Lambeth. % " Collection of Wills," &c. p. 345. || In the Additional MS. 4615, in the British Museum, being part of his miscellaneous collections for the " Fcedera." Rymer has made a query in the margin of his transcript opposite several places where there is an obvious error, and which it is therefore unnecessary to point out. Application has been made at tbe office of the Rolls for permission to collate the Will with the record from which Rymer transcribed, and the re quest would have been complied with, but, unfortunately, the Index at the office contains no reference to it, and Rymer has not specified the press in which it was reposited. WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. 367 in God oure right trusty and welbeloved the Bisshop of Sarum, where we will oure body be buried lowe in the grownde, and upon the same a stone to bee laied and wrought with the figure of Dethe with scochyne of oure Armer and writings convenient aboute the bordures of the same remembring the day and yere of oure decease, and that in the same place or nere to it an Autre bee made metely for the rome as herafter we shall devise and declare. Item we wol that overe the same Sepulture ther bee made a vawte of convenient height as the place wil suffre it, and that upon the said vawte ther bee a Chapell or a Closet with an Autre convenient and a Tumbe to bee made and set there, and upon the same tumbe an Image for oure figure, which figure we wil bee of silver and gilte or at the lest coopre and gilt, and aboute the same tumbe scripture made convenient remembring the day and yere of oure deceasse. Item we wol that nere to our said Sepulture ther bee ordeigned places for xiij personnes to sit and knele in, to say and kepe such observance divine service and praiers as we herafter shall expresse and declare. Item we wil that all oure debtes that can bee proved due bee contented and paid afore all things excepte the costs of oure buryeing; and where as it is ordeigned by auctorite of oure Par hament last holden at oure Palois of Westmr that all debtes due by us to eny personne wherof assignation or assignement was made for contentation therof by letters patents tailles debentures or billes or otherwise before the furst day of Decembre in the xth yere of oure Reign, that he to whoom eny such assignation or assignement was made shuld appiere before the Barons of oure Eschequier in his personne or by his attourney or servant afore certain daies limited there to shewe and prove the sommes of money specified in such assignation to bee due unto him upon a trewe grownde or cause at the making or rearing therof shuld after that doon have assignement made unto him for paiement of the same duelie to bee had unto him his executours or assignes in xx yeres, and that all assignations made by lettres patents taille or bille not soo shewed before the saide daies limited shuld bee voide and we therof ^acquited and dis charged, as more at large and more clerely is expressed in the said Act : We wol and in the straitest wise charge oure son Edward the Prince or such as shall please almighty God to ordeigne to bee oure heires and to succede us in the Corone of England that he suffre every personne that have proved his debte or dueties according to the said Acte to bee contented and paied therof according to the tenour and fourme of the same Acte without let or interruption, and that in the next Parhament to bee holden after our decease the said acte bee auctorised and confermed by auctoritie of the same Parliament for the more seurtie of paiement ofthe same debte. 368 WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. Item where in the said Parliament last holden at oure said Palois by auctoritie of the same the moost Reverende Fader in God oure entierly beloved cousin Thomas the Cardinal! Archbisshop of Cantrebury, William Bisshop of Ely, Ric' Bisshopp of Sarum, Robert Bisshop of Bathe, Thomas Bisshop of Lincoln, Henry Erl of Essex, Antonie Erl Ryvers, William Lord Hastyngs, John Lord Dynham, Maister John Russell Clerk Keper of oure Prive Seall, Maister WiUiam Dudley Deane of oure ChapeU, Thomas Borugh, WiUiam Parre, Thomas Mountgomery Knights, Maister John Gunthoys Clerk, Richard Fowler and WiUiam Husee have astate in fee of and in the honours Castelles Lordships and Manors of Tuttebury Kenel- worth Leycestre Bolyngbroke Longebenyngton Pountfrete TykhuU Knaresburgh Pykeryng arid Dunstanburgh with thair membres and appertenances and of all other lands and tenements and other the premisses in the said Shires of Warr' Leyc' Staff' Derby Not' Lincoln' York and Northumbr' as wil serve and suffise to the fuU paiement of asmuch of oure said debte after the said rate of xx yeres as shal remaigne unpaied the tyme of such interruption had, and that thay in noo wise make astate unto oure said Son or unto oure said heires or eny other unto the tyme the same oure debte bee fuUy contented and paied and restitucions and satisfactions made according to this oure Wille.* Item we wol that all oure other debtes bee contented and paied by oure said executours with the residue of the said revenues in as hasty wise as it may bee borne, respecte had to the other charges that we have and shall by this oure Wille and testament ordeigne to bee doon with the same. Item in cas it can bee proved before oure said executours that eny debte or dueties be owing to eny personne upon a true grownde and that he to whoom such debte is owing have not proved it for his duetie according to thacte above rehersed concernyng the paie ment of oure debtes for litelnesse of the debte or for povertie or for lakke of knowlege of the same Acte or other cause reasonable and that duely proved before oure executours, that then we wil that he have paiement therof after the rate of xx yeres paiement and as it may bee borne of the said revenues appointed by this oure WiUe to the paiement of oure said debte. Item we wol that if it can bee shewed unto oure said executours that eny personne to whom eny such debte is due by us and hath made his prove therof according to the saide Acte or have not proved it for eny of the causes above shewed and may nat for povertie abide the length of paiement of xx yeres and that duely proved before oure executours, then we wil that every such per sonne have paiement of his debte as hastely as it may bee borne of * There is evidently an error in this paragraph, but so it is in Rymer's transcript. WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. 369 the said revenues appointed to the paiement of oure debtes afore declared, consideration had to the other charges to bee borne therof as afore is declared. Item we wil that if eny personne complaigne to oure said exe cutours of eny wronge doon unto him by us or oure commaundement or moyen, we wU that every suche complaincte bee tendrely and effectuelly herd and the matiere complaigned duely and indifferently examined, and in cas that by such examination it can bee founden that- the complaincte be made upon a grownded in conscience that then he bee recompensed by the discretion of oure said Executours of the said revenues appointed to the paiement of oure said debtes and as it may bee borne of the same, respecte had to the other charges, and in this we wil that every personne complaignyng in this partie be considered after his degree and have, and he that is moost pourest and ferrest from helpe bee furst herd and satisfied. Item we wil that oure doughtre Elizabeth have xml marc' towards her mariage, and that oure doughtre Marie have also to her mariage xml marc', soo that they bee gouverned and rieuled in thair mariages by oure derrest wiff the Quene and by oure said son the Prince if God fortune him to comme to age of discretion ; And if he deceasse afore such age, as God defende, then by such as God disposeth to bee oure heire and by such Lords and other as then shal bee of thair CounsaiU ; and if either of oure said doughtres doo marie thaim silf without such advys and assent soo as they bee therby disparaged, as God forbede, that then she soo marieing her silf have noo paiement ofher said xml marc' but that it bee emploied by oure Executours towards the hasty paiement of oure debtes and restitutions as is expressed in this oure last Will. Item where we trust in God oure said Wiff bee now with childe, if God fortune it to bee a doughtre then we wil that she have also xml marc' towards her mariage, Soo alwayes that she bee rieuled and guyded in her mariage as afore is declared in tharticle touching the mariages of oure said doughtres Elizabeth and Marie, and eUes to bee emploied by oure said Executours to the hasty paiement of oure said debtes. Item to the mariage of oure doughtre Cecille for whoom we have appointed and concluded with the King of Scotts to bee maried to his Son and heire, for the which mariage we have bounden us to paie unto him xviijml marc' in certain fourme expressed in writing ther- upon made over and above m'.m1 marc' paied to the same King of Scotts in hande, we wol that the said xviijm' marc' bee paied by oure said son Edward and oure heires according to the said appointement and bonde, considering that the said mariage was by thadvis of the Lords of oure blode and other of oure CounsaiU for the grete wele of all this oure Reame and of oure heires in tyme to comme con- 370 WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. eluded, and for that cause we have bounden us and oure heires to the paiement therof, and therfore eftsones we wil and straitly charge oure said Son and such as shall please God to bee oure heires in the said Corone to see that the said xviij"" marc' bee contented and paied as afore is said, soo as the revenues of such Lordshippes and Manoirs as we shal by this oure Wille ordeigne and appointe to the paie ment of the mariage of our other doughters- bee in noo wise apphed to the paiement of the said xviijml marc' or eny part therof. Item that if the mariage betwix the same oure doughter and the said King of Scotts Son bee not .accomplisshed, then if the same oure doughtre Cecille bee maried to eny other by the counsaill and advys of oure said Wiff and other afore named we wol that the said xviijml marc' or asmuch therof as shal remaigne unpaied bee paied by oure said son the Prince and his heires to such an other as she shal bee maried unto. Item if it fortune eny of oure said doughtres other then oure said doughtre Cecille to deceasse, as God forbede, afore she bee maried or afore the money appointed to her mariage paied for it, then we wol that the hool somme of that appointed to her mariage soo dieing not paied bee disposed by oure Executours for the hasty contentacion and paiement of oure said debtes and restitution making if nede bee, and aftre oure debtes paied and restitution made therof the residue to bee emploied by the discretion of oure Executours for the helthe of oure sowle. Item to thentent that the said sommes of money appointed by this oure Wille towards the mariages of oure said Doughtres other then to the mariage of oure said doqghtre Cecille bee wel and truely paied in the fourme afore declared, we wol that all the reve nues issues profits and commodities commyng and growing of oure Countie Palatine of Lancastre and of alle oure Castelles Lord shippes Manoirs lands tenements rents and services in the Countie Palatine and Shire of Lancastre parcell of oure said Duchie of Lan castre with thair membres and appertenances, and of the honours Castell Lordship Manoirs lands and tenements in Suth Wales and the Marches therof parceU of oure said Duchie with thair membres and appertenances, bee received yerely by oure said Executours, and the money commyng and growing therof over the ordinarie charges and expenses of the same bee emploied and paied by oure said Exe cutours to the mariages of oure said doughtres by thadvis of oure said Wiff and Son or such as shal please God to ordeigne to bee oure heire in the fourme afore declared. Item where by fyne reared afore the Justices of oure Comen Place oure said cousin the Cardinall and other have estate in certain Cas tell Lordships Manoirs lands and tenements which were in the pos session of my Lord and Fader, in the which fyne the names ofthe same WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. 371 Castell Lordshippes Manoirs lands and tenements bee expressed at large, we wol that the same oure feoffees after the deceasse of my Lady and Moder and after that oure son Richard Duk of York come to the ' age of xvj. yeres thay make estate unto him of the Castell Lord shippes Manoirs lands and tenements of Fodrynghay Staunford and Grantham with thair appertenances and of all other Manoirs lands and tenements in the Shires of North' t' Rutland and Lincoln which were in the possession of my said Lord and Fader or in the possession of eny other to his use, to bee had to the same oure son the Duk of York and to the heires masle of his body commyng and for defaulte of such heires the remaindre therof to oure right heires ; and if my said Lady and Moder deceasse, as God forbede, afore the same oure son the Duk of York come to the said age of xvj. yeres and afore all oure debtes and restitutions paied and made, then we wol the reve nues of aU the premisses specified in this article bee applied to the paiement of oure said debts tiU he come to the said age. Item we wol that after oure said son the Duk of York comme to the said age of xvj. yeres that oure said cousin the Cardinall and his Coofeoffees beeing enfeoffed amongs other of and in the above named honour CasteU Lordship and Manoir of Bolyngbroke with the mem bres and appertenances and of and in all Manoirs lands and tenements in the shires of Lincoln Norh't' and Rutland parcell of oure saidDuchie of Lancastre with thair appertenances doo make astate unto him of the same honour Castell Lordship and Manoir of Bolyngbroke with the membres and appertenances and of and in all the said Manoirs lands and tenements in the said shires of Lincoln Norh't' and Rutland, the Lordship and Manoir of Longbenyngton with thappertenances in the same shire of Lincoln oonly except, to bee had unto him and to the heires masle of his body commyng, and for defaulte of such heires the remaindre therof to oure right heires; and in this we wol that if it fortune the same oure son the Duk of York to deceasse, as God forbede, without heires masle of his body commyng and afore the said age of xvj. yeres, then we wol the revenues of aU the pre misses expressed in this article be applied by oure Executours to the paiement of our said debtes and restitutions making. Item where we have ordeigned and appointed that oure said Cousin and other shaU have astate by a Uke fine of and in certain Lordshipps Manoirs lands and tenements parcell of oure said Duchie of Lan castre in the shires of Somers' Dors' Wiltes' Berk' Oxon' Glouc' and Buk' Sussex Surr' Kent Essex Suff. and Norff. parcell of oure said Duchie, in the which fyne the Lordshipps Manoirs lands and tene ments bee expressed at large, we wol the same oure feoffees after the deceasse of oure said derrest Wiff stande feoffees of and in the same to this entent, that thay shall suffre oure said derrest Wiff to take and perceive during her liff all the revenues issues and profits commyng 372 WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. and growing of all such part of the same as she hath estate in for terme of her liff, and after her deceasse to suffre oure Executours to take and perceive the oon half of the hool revenues issues and profits of aU the said honours Castell Lordshipps Manoirs and other the premisses expressed in this article towards the paiement of oure said debtes and restitutions making if eny shal nede, and the other half of the same revenues issues and profits to bee applied and paied for and aboute the contentation of oure said Wyves detts if eny shal fortune to bee by the hands of her Executours or such other as shal have the charge pf paiement therof, and that doon to make astate therof to oure said Son yet not borne after he commeth to his age of xvj yeres and to the heires masle of his body commyng, and for de* fault of such issue, or if God fortune noo such sonne to bee borne, the remaindre of all Lordshippes Manoirs lands and tenements rents reversions and services in the said shire of Norff. to oure said son the Duk of York, and to the heires masle of his body commyng, and for defaulte of such heires the remaindre therof to oure right heires ; and as to all the residue specified in this article, we wol for defaulte of heires masle of the body of oure said son yet nat borne begoten, or if God fortune noo such son to bee borne, the remaindre therof be to oure right heires. Item we wol that the Church of the said Collage begonne by us of newe to bee buylded bee thorughly finisshed in all things as we have appointed it by the oversight and assent of the said Bisshop of Sarum during his liff and after his deceasse by the oversight of the Dean of the said Collage for the tyme beeing, soo alway that our Executours and Supervisour of this our last Wille and testament bee prive to all charges and expenses that shal bee expended about it. Item we wol that oure saidExecutours and Supervisour here oons in the yere thaccompts and rekenyng aswell of the said Bisshop as of the said Dean and all other that shal have the charge and governance of the said buyldings, soo as the charges therof may bee provided for from tyme to tyme as the cas shal require. Item where we have graunted unto oure said cousin the Cardinall and other to oure use and behove all Castelles Lordshippes Manoirs lands and tenements that were late John Erl of Shroosbury and John late Erl of Wiltes' or either of hem and commen unto oure hands after thair deceasse and by reason of the nonnage of thair heires, and also all such Manoirs lands and tenements as late were Thomas Tresham Knight and commen to oure hands by vertue of an Acte of forfaiture made in our said last Parliament, withouten eny thing yelding unto us for the same, we wol that the revenues issues and profits of all the same Castelles Lordshippes Manoirs lands and tene ments, the rents issues and profits of the Lordshippes Manoirs lands WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. 373 and tenements graunted by us to oure welbeloved ConseiUour William Lord Hastyngs for the sustentation and fyndyng of the newe Erl of Shroesbury son and heire of the said late Erl of Shroesbury oonly except, bee emploied by the oversight aforesaid about the buyldings of the said Church as ferre as it wil strecche over the ordinaris charges therof ; and if the said Erles or either of thaim deceasse or that thay or either of thaim have ly veree of thair londes beeing within age and afore the said Church and oure other werks there thorughly buylded and finisshed, then we wol that asmuch of the revenues issues and profits ofthe premisses parcell of oure saidDuchie of Lancastre put in feoffement by auctoritie of Parliament aforesaid as the reve nues of the said Erles lands or either of thaim soo dieing or having liveree of his lands extendeth unto in yerely value, bee emploied by oure Executours aboute the same buylding and werks by the over sight abovesaid. Item we wol that ther bee two prests perpetuelly founden within the said Collage to synge and pray for us and oure said Wiff oure faders and other of our auncestres in such fourme and manere as herafter we shal doo to bee ordeigned and devised, which two prests we wol bee chosen and named by the Dean and Chanons of the same Collage for the tyme beeing and thair successours by the over sight and assent of the said Bisshop of Sarum during his liff, in the which election we wol that the said Dean and Chanons bee sworne upon the holy Evangelists that they shall name noon of the said two prests for favour or affection or at the desire or request of eny personne what soo ever he bee, but that thay shall chose such as bee notarily knowen good and of vertuous conversation and nat promoted to eny manere benefice Chaunters prebende nor free ChapeU, in the which eleccion we wol that such Clerks of the Universities of Oxonford and Cambrigge as bee Doctours of Divinitie or Bachelers of Divi- nitie at the lest, beeing of good conversation as afore is said, bee pre ferred afore all other, which prests and either of hem soo chosen we wol thay bee sworne upon the holy Evangelists upon thair admis sion before the said Deane and Chanons truely to observe and kepe all observances and divine service as we shall ordeigne to bee doon and at such tyme and place as shal also bee limited and appointed. Item we wol that ther bee founden perpetuelly within the said Collage xiij poure men whoo we wol that thay daily pray and say such service and praiers as we shall ordeigne to bee said by thaim and at such tyme and place also as we shall ordeigne and devise, for observation of the which we wol that thay bee straitlie sworne upon the holy Evangelists at thair furst admission in the presence of the said Deane and Chanons. 2c 37* WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. Item we wol that the said xiij poure men bee chosen and named by the said Dean and Chanons for the tyme being by the oversight of the said Bisshop during his liff, in the which election we wol that the said Dean and Chanons bee sworne in the fourme as afore is declared in thellection of the said prests with this addition, that thay shall noon chose but such as bee moost poure and nedy and next dweUing to the said Collage and unmaried, and in this election we wol that oure servants and such other as were servants to my said Lord and Fader have preferrement afore all other albeeit that thay bee not next dwelling or abiding to the said Collage. Item we wol that either of the said two prests have yerely for thair salarie xx marc' in redy money at iiij termes of the yere by even portions by the hands of the said Deane and Chanons and thair successours, and that every of the said xiij poure men have two pens by the day to bee paied wekely thorugh out the yere, that is to say every Satirday immediatly after even songe of the day said in the said Collage by the hands of the said Dean and Chanons for the tyme beeing or oon of thaim to bee deputed in that behalve. Item for seurtie of paiement aswell of the salarie of the same two prests as ofthe almesse of the same xiij. poure men we wol that oure said cousin the Cardinal and his Coofeoffees of and in the Lord ship and Manoir of Wicomb called Basset Bury with the Fee ferme of the towne of Much Wicomb, and of and in the Manoir of Dad- yngton in the shire of Oxenford, doo make estate therof to the said Dean and Chanons of Wyndesore and to thair successours for ever more undre such fourme as shaU bee thought to oure Executours moost seurtie and convenient for the paiement of the said salarie and almesse truely to bee had and made to thaim according to this oure Wille. Item we wol that the said two prests bee discharged of keping divine service in the Chauncell of the said CoUage or in any other place within the said Church other then aboute oure sepulture and tumbe as afore is said, of lesse then it bee upon the principaU Fests in the yere, or that the Quere goo a procession, which daies we woU thay goo a procession with the Quere weryng surplees and copes as the Vicairs there doo. Item we wol that the said two prests and xiij poure men bee contynuelly abiding and resident within the said Collage and that thay daily kepe and say thair observances and divine services aboute oure sepulture and tumbe in the fourme as shal more at large bee declared in oure Ordenance therof; and if eny of the said two prests bee promoted to eny manere of benefice, bee it with cure or without cure, that immediatly after his promotion he bee avoided and removed WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. 375 from this his service, and a newe to bee chosen, as afore is declared, and put in his place. Item if eny of the said poure men bee promoted to eny manere of lyvelode rents offices fees or annuities by enheritaunce or by eny other moyen to the value of v. marc' by the yere, that he immediatelv after he bee discharged of his service and have noo lenger paiement of our said almes, and an other to bee chosen, as afore is said, and put in his place. Item if eny of the said prests or poure men absente thaim from the said CoUage for eny cause more then xxviij. daies in all by the yere, or elles he bee necligent or remisse in keping the said observ ance divine service or praiers that shaU be in his charge to doo and say, of lesse then it bee by occasion of sekenesse or feblenesse noto- rili knowen to the Dean and Chanons for the tyme beeing there pre sent, that he soo absentyng him or bee necligent or remisse in keping or dooing the said observances divine service or praiers, after certain monissions yeven unto him soo dooing, bee discharged of his service and an other for that cause chosen, as afore is declared, and put in his place. Item we wol that the hows and Hospitall of Saint Antonies with aU the possessions rents profits commodities and advayles therunto belonging bee in the moost seure wise appropred and annexed to the said Collage to bee had to the said Dean and Chanons and thair suc cessours for evermore, thay with the same to fynde and bere in the same place in London and elleswhere all manere observances divine service almes and all other charges in as large manere and fourme as it hath bee ordeigned by the founders and benefactours of the same place to bee had and doon, and specially as it hath been used and accilstumed to bee doon at eny tyme within xl. yeres last passed, and with the residue ofthe revenues commyng therof we wol that the said Dean and Chanons and thair successours for evermore doo fynde ten Vicaires with Calaber ameses vj. Clers and iiij Children over thair nombre that thay nowe have, under such manere and fourme as we shall doo to bee ordeigned and stablisshed. Item we wol that oure said feoffees contynue thair astate and pos session of and in all the said honours Castelles Lordshippes manoirs lands tenements and all other the premisses ordeigned to the paie ment of oure said debtes, restitution of wrongs if eny bee, the mari ages of oure said doughtres, and buylding of the said Church and other the charges above expressed, unto the tyme this oure Wille and testament in the manere and fourme afore expressed and declared in that behalve bee thorughly and perfitely executed and perfourmed, without eny astate making therof or eny part therof to oure said son 2 c2 376 WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. Edward or to such as shall please God to ordeigne to bee oure heire or eny other oure Sonnes or other personne what soo e ver. Item we wol that cc1' bee disposed yerely for evermore in almes, wherof 1" to bee disposed by the discretion of the said Bisshop of Sarum during his liff and after his deceasse by the said Dean of the said Collage and his successours by the oversight of the Bisshop of Sarum for the tyme beeing to the mariages of poure mayd[ens] as nat having fader or moder nor other frende able topreferre thaim; other 1" to bee departed by the same oversight to the moost miserable and pourest people next dwelling to the said Collage, wherin we wil that oure olde servants have preferrement afore all other albee it thay bee nat next dwelling to our said Collage; the third 1" to bee departed by the said oversight amongs prisoners condempned for debte or other cause where the duetie or damages excede not iiij1', or elles to such as remaigne in prison for lakke of paiement of thair fees; and the fourth 1" to bee applied yerely by the said oversight about high weyes next lieing to the said Collage moost necessarie to bee re paired; and to thentent that this oure almes may seurly bee had for evermore, we wol that our feoffees of and in the Manoir of Westcote in the said shire of Buk', the Manoir of Purton Haseley Kyrtelyngton, Dadyngton and Ascote in the shire of Oxon', the Manoirs of Asparton and Stretton with thappurtenences in the shire of Glouc', and the Manoir of Longbenygnton in the shire of Lincoln with thair apper tenances doo make estate therof to said Dean and Chanons and thair successours for evermore under such seure fourme in that be halve as shall seme to oure Executours moost seurtie and convenient. Item if oure said son Edward and his heires suffre the personnes above named and all other havyng astate in the premisses to oure be hove and oure Executours to perfourme and execute this oure Wille and testament in all thing yn manere and fourme afore expressed and declared without let or interruption of him or thaim, then we woll that the said personnes after oure said Wille soo in all thing perfitely executed and perfourmed doo make astate unto oure said son Edward and the heires of his body commyng, and for [default] of such heires the remaindre therof to oure right heires, aswell of and in all the honours Castelles Lordshippes Manoirs lands and tenements spe cified in the said Act concernyng the Feoffement for the perfourming of oure Wille, the said honour Castell Lordship and Manoir of Bolyng broke with the membres and appertenances and the Lordship and Manoir of Longbenyngton with thappertenances in the shire of Lincoln with all other lands and tenements in the same shire parcell of oure said Duchie of Lancastre oonly except as of the said Countie Palatine of Lancastre, and all Castells Lordshippes Manoirs lands and tenements with thappertenances in the said Countie Palatine and WILL OF KING EDWARD IHE FOURTH. 377 shire of Lancastre with all thair membres and appertenances, to then tent that all the same honours Castell Lordshippes Manoirs lands and tenements with thair membres and appertenances except afore excepted may perpetuelly remaigne hooly to oure said son Edward and his heires aforesaid, nat oonly for thenlarging of the possessions of oure Corone of England toward the bering of the charges therof, but also for the more seure and restfuU governance to bee had in the same oure Reame, desiring therfore and also traicly charging oure said son Edward and his heires that he nor thay, for eny thing that may falle, depart from thoos possessions to eny personne what soo ever he bee, as he and thay wil answere afore God at the day of Dome and as thay love the wele of thaim silf and ofthe said Reame. Item if this oure WiUe and testament bee perfitely executed and doon in all things as afore is said without let or interruption of oure said son Edward and his heires, then after the same oure Wille soo executed and perfourmed we wol that oure feoffees doo make astate as- well of and in the Manoirs of the More Busshy and Eggeware in the shires of Hertford and Midd' as of the Manoirs of Ditton and Da- chett in the shire of Buk' with thair appertenances to oure said son Edward and his heires for evermore in recompense of the said Castell Lordshippes and Manoirs of Fodrynghay Staun- ford and Grantham with thair membres and appertenances and aU lands and tenements in the [shires] of Norh't' Rutland and Lin coln; and if the perfite execution of this oure last Wille and testa ment bee in eny wise letted or interrupted by oure said son Edward [or his] heires, then we wol that the said Manoirs of the More Busshy Eggeware Dachet and Ditton with all thair membres and appertenances bee sold by oure said Feoffees and Executours to the moost avauntage, and the money commyng therof to bee disposed by oure Executours to the paiement of oure debtes and restitutions making and other charitable dedes and werks of pitie thought unto thair discretion moost meritorie to the relief of oure sowle- Item for soo much as diverses of the Lords aswell of oure blode as other and also Knights Squiers and diverses other oure true lov ing subgietts and servants [have faithfully] and lovingly assisted us and put thaim in the extreme jeopardie of thair lyves losses of thair lands and goods in assisting us aswell aboute the reco[verie] of oure Corone and Reame of England as other diverses seasons and tymes of jeopardie, in consideration wherof we have made to diverses of thaim grauntes som of lands and tenements and offices, and som of offices fees and annuities, we wol and require and straitly charge oure said son Edward and other oure heires that every Lord Knight Squire and other having eny thinge of our graunte what soo ever it bee, that he and his heires have and enjoye every graunte soo by us 378 WILL OF KING EDWARD THE FOURTH. [graunted] for eny of the said considerations or eny other cause according to the tenoures fourmes and effects of every of the same without eny manere let or interruption of oure said Son or eny other of oure heires. Item as to all oure goods, that is to say beddyng' arrases tapestries verdours stuff of oure houshold ornaments of oure Chapell with boks apperteignyng to the same, plate and jouelx excepte, excepte also such part of the same ornaments and boks as we shaU herafter dispose to goo to oure said Collage of Wyndesore, we wol that oure said wiff the Quene have the disposition therof without let or inter ruption of the other oure Executours, to thentent that she may take of the same such as she shall thinke to bee moost necessarie and convenient for her, and have the use and occupation therof during her liff, and after her deceasse oure said son the Prince ho6ly to have and enjoye that part, and the residue of all the said goods except afore excepted to bee departed by her discretion betwix our said sonnes the Prince and Duk of York, wherin we wol that oure said son the Prince have the preferrement in such therof as shal seme to her discrecion moost necessarie and convenient for his astate ; and as unto all oure jouelx and plate aswell of oure Chapell as other, we wol thay bee sold by our Executours to the moost avauntage, and with the money commyng therof the costs and charges of oure burye- ing and couvereing* of oure body to the said CoUage, and a m1 marc to bee disposed the day of oure buryeing or afore amongs prests and poure people to syng arid pray for oure soule, bee borne, and the resi due therof to bee disposed by Oure said Executours aboute the hasty paiement of oure debtes, restitution of wrongs if eny bee, with other charitable dedes and werks of pitie thought by thair discrecion moost acceptable to God to the relief of oure sowle ; and over this we wol that oure said wiff the Quene have and enjoye aU her owne goods catelles stuff beddying arrases tapestries verdours stiiff of houshold plate and jouelx and all other thing which she now hath and occupieth, to dispose it freely at her will and pleaser without let or interruption of oure Executours; and for the perfite execution of this oure last Wille and testament we ordeigne and make oure said derrest and moost entierly beloved wiff Elizabeth the Quene, the Re verende Faders in God William Bisshop of Ely, Thomas Bisshop df Lincoln, John Bisshop of Rochestre, William Lord Hastynges oure Chamberleyn, Maister John Russell Clerk Keper of oure Prive SeaU, Sr Thomas Mountgomery Knight, Richard Fowler oure Chaunceller of the Duchie of Lancastre, Richard Pygot oure Sergeant, and Wil liam Husee oure Attourny, oure Executours, praieing and fequiryng * Sic ; query, conveieing. CORONATION OF KING RICHARD THE THIRD. 379 and also straitly charging thaim and specially oure said derrest Wiff in whoom we moost singulerly put oure trust in this partie, that she and thay put thaim in thair uttermast devoirs to see this oure last wille and testament bee truely executed and perfourmed in all things in manere and fourme afore declared as oure singler trust is in her and thaim and as she and thay wil answere afore God at the day of dome,* and we ordeigne and make oure said cousin Thomas the Car dinall Archbisshop of Cauntrebury overseer of the same oure wille and testament, by whoos advyse we wol this oure wille and testament bee executed and perfourmed as afore is declared, requiryng and in oure moost herty wise praieing him to bee helping and assistyng oure said Executours in that behalve according to the grete trust that we have in him; and we wol that every ofthe said Bisshoppes, Wil liam Lord Hastynges, and Maister John Russell, have c marc in money for thair laboures in this behalve, and that every of the said Sr Tho mas Mountgomery, Richard Fowler, Richard Pygot, and WiUiam Husee have xl" in money for thair laboures, and that oure said cousin the Cardinall have also c marc in money for his labour. Yeven undre oure grete SeaU at our said towne of Sandwich the day and yere above writen. R. E. CORONATION OF KING RICHARD THE THIRD. The following account of the Coronation of Ring Richard and his consort Queen Anne, is. taken from a roll in a handwriting nearly contemporary with the event to which it relates. A small portion of the manuscript is torn off, but the defect has been supplied from another copy preserved amongst some accounts of Coronations in the College of Arms, marked I. 1 8. In the Harleian MS. 2115, is a copy of the commencement of a narrative of King Richard's Coronation ; and from its termination at the passage, where the roll from which this article is taken begins, and corresponding with the account in I. 18, it would appear to have been a transcript of the missing portion. The following remark occurs at the conclusion, " all the rest was broke out of the heard." Few chroniclers give a detailed account of Richard's cononation, with the ex ception of Grafton, whose narrative, in substance, agrees with the present. It differs however sufficiently in some particulars, to render the following narra tive worthy of preservation, and it presents a more perfect notice of the banquet than is given by that writer. Prefixed to the Account in Grafton is a list of the Dukes, Earls, Lords, and Knights who accompanied King Richard, which evidently contains errors : si milar lists occur in the Harleian Manuscripts 2115, f. 152 and 1386, f.16 ; from the former, that at the conclusion of this article has been printed : a list also occurs in the Manuscript in the College of Arms ; the variations of which, from the Harleian MS. 2115, are pointed out. 380 CORONATION OF KING RICHARD THE THIRD. It is proper to add, that an account of the articles delivered out of the great wardrobe for Richard the Third's coronation, is printed in the Antiquarian Repertory,* and in the Archseologia. f Here begynneth the Coronac'on of King Rych' the iijde & Quene Anne, the yere of or lorde god M iiijc iiij'"' iij & in the vj"1 day of Julye the fyrst yere of his noble Raigne, 8s of the Royall Servyce "fhat was done at the said Coronac'on at Westmester. In the yere and date aforesaid, the King and the Quene com'ng owt of the Whyt hall to Westmester hall unto the King's benche all upon red clothe ; And from the King's benche the Kinge and the Quene going upon red clothe barfote, And so they went untyll tyme they came unto St. Edward's shryne w* his noble lords before hym bothe spirituall and temp' all ev'y lord in his estate accordinge as ye shall here hereafter wryt. In p'mis, fyrst comyng before, the trompets & clarions Sar- gents of Armes and Heroulds w' the king's cote of armour on them. And then comyng the Crosse w' a ryall procession, fyrst Prests w4 grey Amyses and then Abotts and Bushopes w' meters on ther hedds & crosers in there hands, And the Bushope of Rochesf bare the crosse before the Cardinall. And then comynge th' Erl of Northumberland berynge the poyntles sworde before the king naked. The Lord Stanley bare the masse before the kinge. Th' Erl of Kent bare the second sworde poynted on the right hand of the kinge. The Lord Lovell bare the iijd sworde on the left hand the kinge naked. Then comyng the Duke of Suff: beringe the king's scepter. Th' Erl of Lyncolne bare the crosse w' the halle. Th' Erl of Surrey bare the iiijth sworde w'in the scabard before the kinge upright. Then comyng the Duke of Norff: beringe the kings Crowne betwyx his hands. And then foloinge or Soveraigne Lorde Kinge Rych11 the iijde and over his hed a clothe of estate borne w* the v. ports, And on eche syde of the kynge going a Bushope, the Bushope of Bathe and the Bushope of Durram, and so the King going in his robes of purple velvet. Then comyng the Duke of Bokingh'm bering the king's trayne w' a whyt staff in his hande. And then comyng before the Quene bothe Eris and Barrons. Th' Erl of Huntyngton bare the quene's scepter, the Viscount Lyle the rod w' ye dove upon. Th' Erie of Wylshyre bare the quene's Crowne. Then comynge or Soveraigne Lady the Quene & over her hed a Ed. 1807, vol i.p. 28-64. + Vol. i. 376. CORONATION OF KING RICHARD THE THIRD. 381 clothe of estate and of every corner of the cloth a bell of golde & on her hed a cyrklet of golde w* many presyous stones sett therein, & on every syde the quene going a Bushope, the Bushope of Ex cester and the Bushope of Norwyche, And me Lady of Rychemond bare the Quenes trayne. And me Lady of Suff: going in her estate by her selffe a lone, and on her hed a cyrklet of golde. Then after her comyng the Doches of Norff: w' other Ladyes to the num ber of xxBe Then after them comyng Knights and Squyers w1 many typstaves. So going fourth unto Seynt Edward's shryne to the king's seate of estate. And when the Kyng was sett, anon comyng fourth be fore his highnes bothe Prests and Clerks syngyng laten and pryck- songe and there doinge fuU RoyaU servyce the vrch was ordened therfore. And when this servys was done, the Kyng and the Quene comyng downe from y're seats of estats unto the high alter, and the Kyng had greate obs'vaunce and s'vys. And in the meane whyle that this servyce was doinge, the Kyng and the Quene put of ther robes and there stode all nakyd from the medell upwards, and anone the Bushope anoynted bothe the Kyng and the Quyne. And when this was done, the Kyng and Quyne changed ther robes into clothe of golde, and then the CardenaU crowned them both w' great solempnetye, and the organs went full shortly. And then the Bushope put upon the Kynge Seynt Edward's cope, and then the Cardnall sensed bothe the Kyng and Quyne. And then the Kyng toke the crosse w* the ball in his right hand and the septure in his left hand, and anon the Prests and Clerks songe Te deu' w* great royalte. And anon the Cardynall went to his masse, and the Kyng and the Quyne went to there seats of estate. And anon came up to the kynge two Bushopes knelynge afore hyme and so rosse and yede up to the kynge and kissed hym, and after an other, and so stode besyde the Kynge, on on the ryght hand and th'other on the lefte hand. Then comyng abowte his matie the Duke of Bokyngh'm, the Duke of Norfolke, and th' Erie of Surrey, w* other Lords of name, the Duke of Bokyngham standyng on the ryght hand of the kyng, the Duke of Norfolke on the left hand, Th' Erie of Surrey standyng before his highnes w' a sword in his hand beryng yt upright all the masse tyme. And on eche syde of the quene standynge a Bushope, the Bushope of Excester and the Bushope of Norwyche, and the Duches of Suffolke sat on the ryght hand of the Quene and me Lady of Rychemond on the left hand, And the Duches of Norfolke knelynge behind the quyne, w' other certayne Ladyes there knelynge aU. the masse tyme. And the Kynge and the Quyne sat styll tyll the pax was yeven, and anon 382 CORONATION OF KING RICHARD THE THIRD. after yt was done the Kyng and the Quyne came downe to the high alter and there kneled downe, and anon the Cardenall turned hym abowte w4 the holy sacrament in his hande and depted yt betwene them bothe, and there the rece* the good lord and were howseuled bothe. And when masse was done, the Kyng came up to Seynt Edward's shryne and offered up Seynt Edward's crowne w* many other relyques. That done, the Lords set his owne crowne on his hed, and anon the Kyng and the Lords depted homewards, every lord in his estate accordinge as they went owte, savynge in thesse poynts after wrytten. The Kyng bare the crosse w4 the ball in his ryght hand and the septer in his lefte hand, and the Duke of Nor folke bare the cape of Menten'nce before the Kynge, and the Quyne beryng hyr septure in her ryght hand and the rode w* the dove in the lyfte hand, & thesse be there dyversyties. And so goinge fourth tyll tyme ye came to the hie desse at Westmynster haU, and as sone as the came there the Kyng and the Quyne toke there chamber and the clothes of estate lefte styll in ye haU. And the mene whyle that the kyng was in his chamber the Duke of Norfolk came rydinge into the hall and his horsse traped w4 clothe of golde downe to the ground voydinge all the people saving the king's s'vants. And the Duke of Bokyngham callyng to hym the MrshaU of the hall w4 other offycers, sainge to them howe the Kyng wolde have his lords sett at iiij bords in the hall, And at iiij of the cloke the Kyng and the Quyne came to the high desse, and there the sat downe to there dynner, the Kyng syttyng in the myddes of the bord and the Quene settyng on the left hand of the Kyng nye at the bords end, and one the right hand of the Quyne standyng me Lady of Notyngham and on the left hand standyng the Lady of Surrey holdynge the clothe of estate over her hed when she bothe eate or drynke, and on the ryght hand of the kyng settyng the Bushope of Derram in the Cardynalles stede And anon the Lords and Ladyes avoyded downe into the hall, and aU the Ladyes stand yng at the bords where the were assigned to syt. And so me Lord Chaunselor w4 other Bushopes at another borde, and the Mr of the Rolles, the Kyngs Chapelyn and the Mayre of London setyng at th' Erles bord, And at the Barrons bord setyng the Cheef Jugges of Ingland & the Sergeaunts of the coy ves and the Chief Barrons of the Checker w4 other worshipefull men of the Lawe, & all other people avoyded downe into the hall. And anon came in the furst cowerse before the Kynge, and the dressers, furst the Duke of Norfolke Marshall of England, Countroller Sr Thom' P'cey, Tre sorer Sr WiU'm Hampton, Chamb'lein me Lord Lovell, Stewerd me Lord Surrey w4 a whyt staffs in his hand, Sewer Mr. Fy water, CORONATION OF KING RICHARD THE THIRD. and so comyng the furst cowrse on dyshe of gold and an other of sylver all covered, and so the Kyng served; and me Lord of Awdeley Kerver to the kyng all the dynner tyme, and me Lord Scroope of Upsall Copberer. And so me Lord Lovell standing be fore the Kynge aU the dynner tyme, and two squyers lyinge under the bord at the kyngs fete. And so the Quene served, anone the Bushope of Derram s'ved, all thre cov'd. And my Lady of Suffolke served in her estate be her selffe alone, and me Lady of Norfolke and my Lady of Rychemond setyng at an other messe, and so all the other Ladyes setyng at a bord all upon one syde and no man sytyng w4 them savyng there kervers knelyng afore them. And anone evry man voyded downe into the hall and were sett accordyng to there degres. And then came in the second cowerse, and at the seid cowerse came rydyng into the hall Sr Robt Dymoke the Kyng's Champion, and his horse trapyd w4 whyt sylke & red, & hym selff in whyt harnesse, and the Heraulds of Armes standyng upon a stage among all the co'pany; then come rydinge up before the kyng his Champion, and there he declared before all the people, yf there be any man will say agaynst kyng Rychard the iij why he shoulde not p'tende the crowne, and anon all the people were in peace a whyle. And when he had all seyd, anon aU the hall cryed Kyng Rychard all w4 one voyce. And when this was done, anon on of the Lords brought unto this champion a cope full of red wyne cov'd, and so he toke the cope and uncov'd hym and dranke there of, and when he had done, anon he cast owte the wyne and cov'd the cope agayne & made his obesans to the Kynge and turned his horsse abowt and rode through the hall w4 the cupe in his ryght hand, and that he had for his labor. And then came downe before the Kyng aU his Heraulds of Armes xviij and iiij of them wore crownes ; then on of thesse iiij spoke serten words and when he had all seyd anon all the remnant cryed a Larges, and so the dyd iij tymes in the haU ; and when the had done, anone the went to there standynge agayne, And as to ye iij course, yt was so late that there myght no servyce be served savyng wafers arid Ipocrace. And when this was done, anone' came into the hall. greate lights of wax torches and torchets ; and as sone as the lyghts come upe into the hall the Lords beganne to ryse fro there bords & yed up to the Kyng makyng there obesans. And anon the Kyng and the Quene arose up and went to there chariibers, and every man & woman depted and went there weys where y4 lykedthem best. That J'hu for his m'cy geve them all good rest. Amen. 384 CORONATION OF KING RICHARD THE THIRD. Theis be the Dukes, Earles, Lords, and Kto that were at the Coro nation of our Soveraine Lord Kinge Richard the 3d and Queene Anne, the first yeare of his noble Raigne, the 6 day of July 1483. Duke Buckingham. D. Norfolke. D. Suffolke. Earle of Northmberland . E. Arundell. E. Kent. E. Surrey. E. Wiltshier. E. Huntington. E. Nottingham. E. Warwick. E. Lincolne. Viscont Lisle. Viscont Lovell. Lord Stanley. * Lo. Audley. Lo. . . . f Lo. Ferers of Chartley. Lo. Powys. Lo. Fitzhugh. Lo. Scroup of Upsall. Lo. Scroup of Boulton. Lo. Grey of Codnor. Lo. Grey of Wilton. Lo. Stuvton. Lo. Cobham. Lo. Morley. Lo. Aburgaveny. Lo. Souch. Lo. Ferrers of Groby. Lo. Wells. Lo. Lumley. Lo. Matrevers. Lo. Harbert. Lo. Beauchamp. Sr James Tyrell. S>- Wm. Knevett. Sr Tho. a Brough. Sr Wm. Stanley. Sr Wm. a Parre Sr Geo. Browne. Sr Jo. Midleton. Sr Robt. Midleton. Sr Jo. Heuingham. Sr Nicho. Latimer. Sr Tho. Monghomery. Sr Tho. Sandes. Sr Gilb't Dike or Driby. Sr Terry Robsart. Sr Wm. Brandon. Sr Jo. Savell. Sr Geo. Wentworth. Sr Ed. Stanley. SrRich.S4Maure.Sr Wm. Yonge. Sr Tho. Bowscer. S'Hen.Wingfeld.Sr Tho. Wortley. Sr Jo. Sentlow. Sr Charles Pilkington. Sr Jo. Ashley. Sr Tho. Barkley. Sr Rich. Bewchamp of the Carpett. SrWm.GorneyorGoney. Sr Rich. Lodlow. Sr W=>. S' Low. Sr Tho. Twayts. Sr Ed. Dudley. Sr Rafe Ashton. Sr Rich. Charlington. Sr Tho. Grey. Sr Phillip Barkley. Sr James Harington. Sr Jo. Gresley. Sr Jo. Coniers. Sr Will'm Stoner. Sr Phill' Cortney. Sr Wm. Casteney. Sr Rich. Midleton. Sr Rog. Fines. Sr Geo. Verre. Sr Hen. Percey. Sr Jo. Wood. Sr Jo. a Parr. Sr Jo. Grey. Sr James Danby. Sr Rob't Talboyse. Sr Tho. Ridid. Sr Jo. Harynge. Sr Wm. Stoner. Sr Rich. Henderby. Sr Jo^ Barkley. Sr James Arowsmyth. Sr Rafe Tarbock. Sr Giles Daubney. Sr Jo. Constable. Sr Robt. Everard. Sr Robt. Dorell. S'Jo. Gilford. Sr Jo. Lewkner. Sr Jo. Merbury. Sr Tho. Powys orHowys. Sr Jo. Bolayn. SrEd.Bedingfeld.Sr Wm. Norris. Theis followinge were made Kte of Bath at his Coronation. Sr Edmund sonne to Duk of Suffolk. Sr Jo. Grey sonne to Earle of Kent. Sr Will'm brother to Lo. Souch. SrHen. Aberganey. Sr Christop' Willoby. Sr Wm. Barkley. SrHen. Barington. Sr Tho. Arundell. Sr Tho. Bulleyn. Sr Edm'd Bedingfeld. Sr Denys of Clifton. Sr Will'm Sey. Sr Will'm Enderby. Sr Tho. Lewkner. Sr Tho. Ormond. Sr Jo. Browne. Sr Will'm Barkley. Harl. MS. 2115, f. 152. * In the MS. in the College of Arms, the name of Lord Stanley is omitted. The following variations may also be noticed : — for Sir Gilbert Dike, Sir Gilbert Debnam (in the margin of the Harleian MS. it is written " Broke") ; for Sir Terry Robsart, Sir Peter Robsart ; for Sir Geo. Wentworth, Sir Harry Went worth ; for Sir Rafe Ashton, Sir Rafe Aston ; for Sir Roger Fines, Sir Roger Ryves; for Sir James Arowsmyth, Sir James Strangewishe ; and for Sir Robt. Everard, Sir Rob. Elyard. f In the margin " tore out, I think Dacres :" which agrees with the List in the Harl. MS. 1386, fol. 16, and with the List in the MS. in the College of Arms. 385 STATE PAPERS AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. I. LETTER FROM THE EARL OF NORTHUMBERLAND TO THE LORDS OF THE COUNCIL, 1379. The following letter from Henry, first Percy Earl of Northumberland, War den of the English Marches towards the West of Scotland, to the Lords of the Council, dated at Werkworth, 2nd April, 2 Ric. II. 1379, acquaints them with the measures which he had taken in the execution of his duty. The person to whom Lochmaban Castle was entrusted, having refused to remain, the Earl had agreed with Amand de Munceaux, an Esquire of Cumber land, to serve for one whole year for its defence. He therefore prayed their lordships to order Sir Thomas de Ughtred to deliver up the said castle with its munition accordingly, and requested a " tail" for 100/. from the Treasurer for the first half year, of which sum 80/. was sent by Sir John Derwentwater out of the issues of the county of Cumberland by the bearer of that letter. Northum berland then requested to be told what their Lordships had done, or intended to do, with respect to Berwick ; and he informed them that the people in the neighbourhood of that town entertained great suspicion of the Scotch Earl of March, because he had threatened to levy a distress of 10,000 marks on Sir Thomas Musgrave, late Governor of Berwick, who had been taken prisoner by Sir Archibald Douglas a short time before,1 if he were not permitted to enter the town. The appointment of Munceaux to be Constable and Chamberlain of Loch maban Castle, and the order to Sir Thomas Ughtred to surrender that place to him, were dated at Westminster on the 15th April, 2 Ric. II. 1379.a Refent pieres en Dieu & mes chiers sires:' Vous please savoir/ q pur le perilouse estate de Marches Dengle?re vers Escoce en le West/ fa acause c[ le Gardeyne du Chastel! de Loghmabaii/ ne voet nullement plus demrrir/ sicome je vous ay dev^t ore monstrez fa escript/ si ay pur le mieltz/ a moh enten- cioh fait entrier/ un Esquier de Cumbrelond/ appellez Amaund de Mounceux/ p endenfes dun an/ queux luy ay promys destre enseallez/ dep le Roi ri?re fr/ fa pr cause resonable/ quelle vous monstraye/ a ma venue/ ly ay fait entrier/ dev^t son jour -f Si vo9 prie honrez sires/ q vous plese faire garraunt estre faite a monf Thomas de UghtretK/ a deliver le ChasteH/ ove les vitailles du Roi & auPs apprtenantz p endent'e en due maniere/ & q vous please/ de moi faire avoir/ une taille/ de Cent livres/ du gaunt Tresorier/ pr le primer demy ane. de quoi .?*. li de monf Johan Derwentwatir des issues del Viscountee de Cumbr/ 1 Tytler's History of Scotland, iii. p. 21. 2 Rot. Scot. 2 Ric. II. m. 2. 386 STATE PAPERS p le portour de cestes/ et vous please de me Stiller/ ceo q vous avetz faite/ ou pensez a faire/ touchaunt La ville de Berewykf / qar les gentz environ/ ount gaunt doubte/ du Count de la Marche Descoce/ acause qil ad manasce/ de prendre une des- tresce/ de dys Mill mares/ pr defaut del entree/ monf Thomas de Musgraver' et dau?pt ay tenue un jour/ ove le Count de Douglas/ puis le departier des deputez/ & trois auts jours/ me covient avoir ove ly & son Cousin/ monf Archebald &'ove le Count de la Marche Descoce susdit/ devant le fest de seint George/ queux fount gaunt duresce/ a noz gentz/ p dure empri- sonement fa raunceons/ encontre Lentencioh de noz darreins deputez/ a lour departir/ & come a moi semble/ ne pensent a null bien/ sicome vous ert a ma venue declarre/ *q serra entour le .xij. jour de May r de Kylma . . R. H. By the King/ Right reverend fader in god right trusty and right wel beloved we grete you wel/ And howe be it that we considering the acceptable services that oure trusty and welbeloved frere Thomas flitz Gerot Priour of Kylmayh hath doon unto us/ have of oure grace espial graunted unto hym a certain refsion in our lande. of Irlande/ the warrant of which graunte was delivVdin to oure Chauncellarye the vj day of Juyn to be seeled under our greet seel/ yet nefthelesse because that the said revision was after that asked by an other man and delifed in to oure Chauncellarye the xiij day of the said moneth/ the said frere Thomas as yet may not have oute our Ires patent^ of our said graunt/ ayeinst al reson and conscience if it so be/ Wher- fore we having consideracion as welunto the premisses/ as unto that/ that the said frere" Thomas is for his trewe acquitail unto us putte from his lyvelod withinne our said lande in to his final destruction withouten our grace be shewed unto hym in this behalf/ wol and charge you straitely that considering the same cause as we truste verrely ye wol not withstanding eny other Ires that be passed you of the said revision/ ye do seel our Ires patent^ unto the said frere Thomas of tbe said graunt bering date the said vj day of Juyn/ And that ye faille not hereof/ As we spially truste you/ and as the said Thomas have no cause to po'sewe hereafter unto us in that behalve/ Yeven under our signet at our Paleys of Westmynster the xxvj day of Juyl/ And to thentent that ye mowe verrely knowe that this our writing procedeth of our certain science & of hert. we have signed thees our Ires with our owen hande. the which we wol j>' ye tender & pforme withouten delaye. To the Right refend fader in god our right trusty and right welbeloved tharchebisshop of Caunterby our Chaunceiir of Englande. [Miscellaneous Records in the Tower.] 2 D 390 STATE PAPERS IV. LETTER FROM HENRY THE SIXTH TO THE CHANCELLOR, COMMANDING HIM TO ISSUE HIS WRIT TO THE CONSTA BLE OF WALLINGFORD CASTLE, TO DELIVER THOMAS KERVER FROM IMPRISONMENT. This document confirms the conjecture as to the date of the letter respecting Thomas Kerver, printed in page 280. The King having pardoned himy it was of course intended to release him from prison; but simple as the measure may appear, the forms of law, if not the law itself, in the opinion of the celebrated Chief Justice Fortescue, presented obstacles, and he declined to issue his writ for the purpose, alleging that he had not the power. As a last resource, the Chancellor was directed to order the Constable, ofthe Castle where Kerver was confined to discharge him without delay. It is highly probable that Fortescue's refusal arose from his disapprobation of the favour shewn to Kerver, if not from his doubts as to its legality, in which case his conduct did him honour. ^ By the King. Right Refend fader in god Right trusty and Right wel beloved We grete you wel. And how be hit that we now late sent unto oure trusty and welbeloved Knight f John ffortescu oure chief Justice charging hym to deliver oute of oure Castel of Walyngford in our behalve Thomas Keruer. which by oure comaundement hath long tyme been in ward in be prison of oure said Castel. yet natheles be said John ffortescu hath do us to understande. that he hath no pouair so to do in any wise. Wherfore we wolling for certain causes and consideracons especially moeving us. the forsaid Thomas to be in brief tyme delifed out of he said prison without any firther delay charge you bat ye do make oure writtf in due fourme directed unto the Counestable of our said castel or his depute comaunding him straitly to deliver be forsaid Thomas out of be forsaid prison. and to souffre hym to goo at large And fat ye faille not herof as we truste you. Lating you wite bat it is oure ful wille bat ye shal so do. And we wol theese oure Ires to be unto you souffisant warrant fa discharge in fat behalve Yeven under our signet at Pottern the xxv day of Aoust the yere of oure Regne xxv. To the Right Reverend fader in god our Right trusty and Right welbeloved tharchbisshop of Cant' our Chauncellier of Englande. [Miscellaneous Records in the Tower.] AND ORIGINAL LETTERS. 391 V. WARRANT OF KING HENRY THE SIXTH FOR A WRIT TO THE SHERIFFS OF LONDON TO ERECT BARRIERS FOR A BATTLE UPON AN APPEAL OF HIGH TREASON. 1453. An appeal to arms was, it is well known, the usual manner, in the middle ages, of proving an accusation of treason ; and the annexed document, dated the 23rd of May, 31 Hen VI. 1453, relates to a cause tried before the Constable, in which a John Halton was appellant, and a Robert Noreys defendant, upon an appeal of high treason. The combat was to take place on the 25th of the next month, in West Smithfield, and the costs of the lists and bars, as well as of sanding and gravelling the ground, were to be paid by the King, who specially desired that a scaffold should be provided from which he might view the affray. A John Halton is mentioned on the Rolls of Parliament ofthe 31 Hen. VI. as one ofthe chief partizans of Jack Cade in his rebellion.1 Henry by the grace of god king of Englande and of ffraunce and lord of Irlande To the moost ref end ffadre in god Joh'n Cardinal Archibisshop of Caunterbury primat of aft Englande oure Chaunceller greting. ffor asmoche as in the courte holden in or White halle at Westifl befor our right dere and right welbeloved Cousin Edmond due of Soifiset Conestable of Eng lande upon an appele of high treson ayenste oure persone. bataille is joyned betwix John Halton appellant and Robert Noreys defendant/ to be doon in [West] 2 Smy thfelde he xxv day of Juyn next c5myng We wol therfor and charge you. bat ye do be maad oure writtf . undre oure greet seel in due forme [and accustumed] to be directed to the Shiriefff of London [and of Midd] that nowe be . comaunding thaim by he same bat at or costf and expenses/ thay [do] be maad ayenste f abovesaide xxv day covenably & sufficiantly . in [West] Smythfelde/ barrers and lystf for the saide bataille/ And also to ordeine fat the place wher fat the said bataille shalbe. be ayenste f e saide day. wel graveled and sanded. And also fat thay do make a convenient skaffolde for us to have the sight of the saide bataille. And fat be same writtC- tbe said Shiriefff may have due allouance in thair ferme. that thay be to yilde unto us for thaire saide office. Yeven undre or prive* seel at W'estifi the xxiiij day of May. the yere of oure Regne xxxj4i. Benet. Extract from the Sheriff's return. (Rot. Pipe 31 Hen. VI. Lond. & Midd.) " Et eisdem vie [Rico Lee fa Rico Alley] p sumptib3 & expeh p ipos fact' fa appoit'' circa feu ram listaij & Barruraij Regis in Westsmythfeld in Suburb civitatf London p quodam duello in? Johem Halton appellantem & Robtum Noreys de quib3dam pdicSib3 psonam dni Regis tangent', xxx. li. xiiij s.ij.d. A memorandum annexed states that the particulars are upon another Roll. 1 Rot. Pari. v. 265. 2 The passages within brackets are interlined in the original. 2 D 2 392 STATE PAPERS. VI. LICENCE FROM EDWARD THE FOURTH TO TWO GREEKS TO COLLECT A BENEVOLENCE FROM HIS SUBJECTS FOR THE REDEMPTION OF THEIR HOSTAGES THEN IN THE HANDS OF THE TURKS, IN JULY 1467. As evidence of the general feeling which prevailed in Christendorri in the fifteenth century to aid persons who had suffered from the Infidels, the annexed document is deserving of publication. It appears that Sir Demetrius Crisasius, a Knight of Constantinople, and Theodore Guias, Greeks, their wives, sons, and servants, had been taken prisoners by the " cruel Turks enemy of the Church and Christian faith,'' and an enormous sum was fixed for their ransom. For the payment of it, they gave hostages to the Turks, who treated them with great cruelty ; but being unable to raise the necessary money to redeem them, application was made to the King of England, and probably to other Christian princes, to allow the unfortunate Knights to apply to the charitable feelings of the people of this country. For this purpose, Edward, on the 2nd July 1467, ordered the Chan cellor to issue Letters Patents authorizing the applicants to collect the alms of his subjects for two years. Edward by the grace of god king of England and of ffraunce and lord of Irland To the Refend fader in god oure right trusty and welbeloved Robert Bisshop of Bathe and of Wellen our Chaunceller Greting. And wher f Dimitrius Crisasius knight of f e Citie of Constatine noble and Theodory Guias Grekes wher late taken prisoners w4 thair wifffj sonnes and fv'ntf by the crueft Turk enmeye of f e chirch and xpen faith and putt to grett and excessive finance for the which thair pleggfj hen still in the handes of f e subject^ of f e said Turke in gret miserie and dureis of enprisonement likely to pissbe w4outen the charitie of trewe xpen people be to thaim imparted as by thair peticon thay have unto us shewed. We havyng tender respect to f e premisses, wol and charge you fat under our grett seel being in your -warde ye do make our Ires to f e said Dimitrius and Theo dory by the whiche thay may seche aske and gadre w4in this our Reame by the space of ij yeres next coinyng. the almesse of our subjettC that of thair charitie wol depte w4 thaim of thair good towardes thair relief and Redempcon of thair said pleggf . as in suche cas is accustmed. Yeven under our prive seel at our palois of Westm1 the secund day of Juytt th vij yere of our Reigne. Benet. [Miscellaneous Records in the Tower.] 393 MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS FROM THE CLOSE ROLLS OF KING JOHN. The following extracts from the Close Rolls ofthe reign of King John, chiefly of the 7th and 9th years, have been selected from a valuable collection, which has been obligingly communicated for the use of this Work. Many of the articles contain information of some importance : others, it is presumed, will be found to comprise curious and amusing memorials of a very interesting period. An immense fund of materials exists among the Tower records for the elucidation of the whole of that reign, which, notwithstanding the extensive and important collections of Prynne on the subject, are but imperfectly known to the public. Order to the sheriff of Southampton to deliver to Thomas Esturmy, the King's valet, a scarlet robe with a cloak of fine linen, and another robe of green or brown, and a saddle, and a pair of reins, and a cloak against raiu, and a couch or bed, and a pair of linen sheets, because he had become a knight. Tested at Bristol, 17 July 1204. (6 Joh. m. 20.) Rex &c. vie Suhamt salt. Precipim9 t' qd facias hre Thome Esturmy valletto nro una. roba de scarletto cu qada penula de bissis. fa alia roba de viridi vl burnetta. & una sella. & unu par loranoij.. & capa ad pluuua, fa .j. culcitam. fa .j. par lin- theoif. qfn ipe fiet miles. Et qd I hiis posulis^ coputabit t' ad scaccm. T. me ipo ap Bristoll. xvij. die Jut. p Barthom cticum de caifia. Mandate to Reginald de Cornhill to send five small casks of wine to North ampton on account of the barons and knights whom the King had summoned there, and two small casks of good wine to Windsor; and also to send him the Romance of the History of England. Windsor, 29 April 1205. (6 Joh. m. 2.) Rex Regih de Cornhill. &c. Mandam9 t' qd statl visis lit?is mittas apd Nortiamf .v. tonellos vini Ita qd ibi sint sub festinaebne pp? Baroii fa Milites hros q°s illuc vocari fecim9. & duos tonellos vini boni mittas sub festinacoe apd Windelesoij. & c9tu qd I vinis ill cariandis posufrs -f t' qputabr ad scacc. Mit tas ecia. nob statl visis litffis Romatiu de Historia Angl. T. P. de Stok1 apd Windesoii xxix. die Apr. Order to the sheriff of York to respite William de Beaumont from the pay ment often marks which he owed to the Jews at York, and tp free him from the interest of the debt as long as he should remain beyond sea with horses and arms in the King's service. Northampton, 23 May 1205. (7 Joh. m. 26.) Rex vie Eboij &c. Plcipim9 t' qd respctu hre facias Wifto de Bello Mote de x. ih qas debet Judis Eboif & quiet1 ee facias de usuf illi9 debiti qadiu fu?it ulta mare cu equis & armis in §vicio nro p p>ceptu nrm. T. me ipo apd Norhamt'1 xxiij die Maii. p qst1 Cest'. Order to the treasurer and chamberlain to pay 25s. to clerks of the King's Chapel for singing Christus vincit before the King at Salisbury on the day of Pentecost. Salisbury, 28 May 1 205. (7 Joh. m. 26.) Rex &c. Wifto Thar & G. & R. Caifl &c. Libate de th' nro xxv sol magro Henv & Jacob cticis de caplla nra q1 cantave- 394 MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS FROM runt cora nob apd Saif die Pentecost. Xps vincit. T. me ipo apd Sail xxviij die Maij. Mandate to Geoffrey Fitz Peter, that if Amicia, daughter ofthe Earl of Leices ter, should withdraw out of England, he should immediately deliver to Saher de Quincy all the land of Winterburn and Stoke. Portsmouth, 7 June 1205. (7 Joh. m. 24.) Rex &c. G. fit Pet1 &c. Mandam9 vob qd si Amic fit coin Leirc recesSit de Angt staff p9t recessu suu facias hre Saho de Q!ncy vel sen suo tota Era. de WinEburn fa Stok1 cu ptin. T. me ipo ap Porteih vij die Jun. p ipm Rege. To the barons of the Exchequer, to allow W. de Cornhill what he had laid out in feeding three hundred friars at Farnham, by the King's command, from Palm Sunday till a month after the feast of St. John Baptist. Portsmouth, 9 June 1205. (7 Joh.m.23.) Rex &c. baron de scacc salt. Computate W. de Cornhill id q posuit I ccc fribg pascend ap Farneha p p>ceptu nrm a die dnica in ramis palmar usq, I unu mese p9t fest1 sci Joh Bapte. T. P. de Stok1 ap Portesmuwe ix die Jun. Order to the bailiff of Bere to purchase a handsome crucifix for the King's Chapel there. Bere, 25 June 1205. (7 Job. m. 22.) Rex &c. batto de Bera salt. Precipim9 t1 qd emi facias pulchru crucifixu ad ponedu I caplla lira de Bera & coputabit' t' ad scacc. T. me ipo ap Bera xxv die Jun. Order to William de Faleis to provide necessaries at Fairford for the three horses of Master R. luket, the King's physician. Cricklade, 6 July 1205. (7 Joh. m. 21.) Rex Wifto de Faleisa &c. Inveni t'b3 equis magri R.Fuket medici hri neccaia ap Faerford q0usq, aliud ih huis pteept1. fa co &c. T. me ipo ap Crickelad vj die Jut. The King to the King of Scotland, — thanking him for the messengers he had sent respecting matters in treaty between them, which when they should meet might be brought to good effect : — informing him that he had retained the mes sengers, because a council of bishops and barons would be held on the feast of St. Peter ad Vincula, and he expected an answer by R. constable of Chester and others whom he had sent to the King of Scotland, to the end that having taken the ad vice of the council, and heard the answer, he might hasten to the said King to ful fil what they treated upon. Expressing his satisfaction at the exception the King of Scotland had made as to retaining the land of Tundal, which had not been mentioned in the convention, and of which he had before been seised ; and as suring him that he did all in good faith. Windsor, 24 July 1205. (7 Job. m. 19.) Rex &c. Must1 Regi Scoc. &c. Grates vob refnm9 multi- plices p nuciis vris quos ad nos misistis & p bono responso qd nob p eos fecistis de negociis q in? nos tactantr q s^dm qd nos & vos cu qvehhm9 & infhucii Hri recordabimr bh Do volente ad effcm pducenf. Sciatis aut qd retinuim9 ad jfsens nucios Vros nobiscum cu q, gciliu hitri sum9 I festo bi Pet' ad vincla de epis & baron hris pp obitu vehSabit pris nri H. Cant Arch Cu q, resposu expctam9 R. con stab Cestr1 & alioii fideliu hroii q°s ad vos misim9. ut hito sup hoc qsilio de fMco qcilio & audito inEim prilcoir nucioi} nroif responsoj festinem9 ad vos venire put ab eis THE CLOSE ROLLS OF KING JOHN. 395 audierim9 ad gsumandu sic plocut1 -¦— vl meli9 juxa qd nos De9 docuftt •? ea q in? nos sunt tactata. Et sciatis qd bh placet nob excepco qa fecistis I litfis vris de Bra de Tundat vob retineda. uh meco fea n5 fu?at in cjvencone in? nos p>locuta fa uh p'us saisiti fuistis. Et sciatis qd h oihia fecim9 1 boa fide. T. me ipo apd Windeshoi} xxiiij die Jul. Mandate to the constable of Northampton to retain Peter the Saracen,* the maker of crossbows, and another with him, for the King's service, and allow him 9d. a day. Freemantle, 26 July 1205. (7 Joh. m. 19.) Rex constab Norhamt &c. Mittim9 ad te Petf Saracenu fcorem balistar mandantes ut illu retineatis se al?o ad opa nra facienda fa facias ei hre libatones suas qalibet die du ibi fuftt I Svico nro ix.d. Incipit au Burin9 ej9 v° die Jut. Et co &c. T. me ipo apd Freimant1 xxvj die Jut. p. P. de Stok. Mandate to William de Cornhull to deliver to Bartholomew and Peter of the chamber 40 marks in pennies of full weight, for the King's expenses, and to receive as many worn pennies from them as they should deliver to him, and cause them to be recoined, and to retain 40 marks and pay the balance into the King's chamber. Mitcheldever, 30 July 1205. (7 Joh. m. 1 9.) Rex Wfto de Cornhull &c. Mandam9 t1 qd facias hre Barth1 & Pet" de Caifia xl. in de fortib3 den ad facienda pacca- com expense hre fa recipias ab eis q°tq°t debiles den de nris t' libavlnt fa facias illos fab'cari & retineas in xl. in. & alios reddas i caiSa hra. T. me ipo apd Mucheldouf xxx die Jul. The King informs the barons of the Exchequer that Nicholas de Stutevill had made fine of 10,000 marks for livery of his inheritance, viz. all the lands of which William his brother died seised, and that the King had remitted 2100 marks which his brother had owed. Havering, 6 Aug. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 18.) Rex &c bar &c. Sciatis qd Nicol de Stutevill fine fee nob- cu p x. milia ih £ hnda heditate sua SCI3 oihib3 Sris un Wills de Stutevill fr ej9 fuit saisit9 die q° obiit & nos inf1 fine illu ei remisim9 ij milia fa cent1 marc qas nob debuit p>dcs Witts ff ej9. Et io vob mandam9 q ipm ih q'et ee faciatis p fine p>dcm. T. me ipo ap Having vj die Aug9ti. Order to the treasurer and chamberlain to pay Isabel wife of Roger de Mortemar' 200 marks, which the King had lent her for the ransom of her hus band. Bere, 18 August 1205. (7 Joh. m. 17.) Rex &c. W. Thesaur & W. & R. carflar &c Libate de the- sauro nro Ysabett de mortuo mar ux Rogi de JVIortemar p man ?cij nucij sui ducentas marc qas ei comodavim9 ad redempcom p>dci Rogi viri sui. T. W. coin Sar ap Bera xviij die Augti. Mandate to W. de Wrotham to pay Henry and Hugh de Hautvill nine marks for four gerfalcons which they had bought for the King. Bere, 20 Aug. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 17.) Rex W. de Wrotha &c. Mandam9 vob qd faciatis hre H'nr fa Hug de Hautvill ix in p_iiijor g'falconibj q"s ipi erfiut ad op9 nrm fa co &c. T. me ipo apd Bere xx die Aug. * In the Pipe Roll 6 Ric. I. (Lond. & Middl.) the following entry occurs: — " Pro ducendis ad regem hominibus arbelastariorum regis cum arbalastis & hernas' eorum & cum quodam sarraceno & quodam Griffon' xijs. & injd. 396 MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS FROM The King to his beloved Peter de Auxe and his companions sailors of la Basel', thanking them for having taken a galley and those who had wrongfully attacked his people ; and commanding them to deliver to John de Kemes the three men they had in custody and the galley with all its arms and stores, and the ship they had succoured, with every thing found in it. Dorchester, 25 Aug. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 16.) Rex dilcis suis Petro de Auxe Se sociis suis galiotis de la Basel Sec. Grates vob ref?im9 multiplies sup hoc qd cepistis galia Se illos q1 malefeSnt gentib3 nris._ Et io_yob mandam9 qd tes hoies q°s Ketis in custodia Se galia cu omib3 armis reb3 & cataft fa nave cui sucursu p>buistis cu oiriib3 catatt l ea Iventis libetis Johi de Kemes I custodia. T. me ipo apd Dore xxv die Aug. Order to the sheriff of Somerset to find the King's servant at Bere salt for curing the King's venison. 25 Aug. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 16.) Rex vie Surflset Sec. P^cipim9 t1 qd Ivenias Svienti iiro de Bere sale ad saliand venacom iiram Se co Sec T. Pet0 de Stok xxv. die Aug. The King to the barons of the Exchequer, informing them that he had ac quitted Baldeyn de Hodenet of 10 marks which he owed of the fine incurred by his wife Cecilia de Hedleg' for marrying according to her own will, and for coming into possession ofthe manor of Brumleg'. Curry Mallet, 30 Aug. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 16.) Rex baron Sec. Sciatis qd q'etavim9 Baldeyno de Hodenet x. ih. de debito qd ipe nob debet de fine que Cecilia de Hedleg ux sua nobcu fecit p se maritanda ad voluntate sua, fa p hndo mah?io de Brumleg. Et io vob mandam9 qd illu de itt x. in. q'et esse faciatis. T. me ipo apd Cury Malet xxx die Aug. Order to the sheriff of Southampton to give Hugh Crassus such seisin of his land as he had been deprived of because the King was angry with him. (7 Joh. m. 15.) Rex vie Suhamt1 &c. Precipim9 t' qd sh ditone facias hre Hug Crasso tale saisina. ?re sue I batta tua uh dissaisit9 fuit eo qd ei irati fuim9 qale huit die qa ih dissaisit9 fuit. Order to take from Deulecres le Eveske the Jew, who had letters upon John Steph' for 100 shillings with interest by bond, — one besant out of every pound, for the King's use. Bristol, 9 Sept. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 15.) Deulecres le Eveske judeus ht litPas sup Johm Steph de C. solid cu lucro p cyrogaphu. Capiatis de qualib3 libr unii bisancu ad opus dni Reg. &c. (Cancellata qia T Rotul. finium.) Mandate to the barons ofthe Exchequer to acquit Hugh de Asting' and his sureties of the payment of 300 marks which he had engaged to pay the King if he had had to wife Albr' who was the wife of John de Ingeham, because he had her not. (7 Joh. m. 15.) Mandat1 ^ bar de scacco qd quiet ee faciat Hug de Asting Si pleg suos de ccc. in qas dno Regi pmisit ,p hnda l ux AM q fuit ux Johis de Ingeha. Quia no huit. q> dhs Rex eu ih q'etu clamavit. Mandate to the barons of the Exchequer to receive 250 marks a year from W. Briwere till he had fully paid 450 marks advanced to him by the King for the THE CLOSE ROLLS OF KING JOHN. 397 ransom of William his son, and his fine for the wardship of the land and heir of Robert de Dour. Lincoln, 4 Oct. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 12.) Rex bar de scacco Sic. Sciatis qd Qcessim9 W. Briw1 qd de qadringentis Se 1. ih uh responde debet ad seem nfm p annu de p>stito qd ei fecim9 ad redeptione Wtti filii sui &, de debito qd nob debet de fine q nobiscu fecit p frnda custodia ?re fa hedis Robti de Dour, responctat p annu de CC. fa 1. in. Et io vob mandam9 qd de eo recipiatis p annu CC. Se 1. iii donc p>dcum debitu nfm nob psolvaf. T. me ipo apd Line iiij die Octobf. Mandate to John Fitz Hugh, to restore to the Abbot of Westminster the manor of Perforford, which was seized by the King's command because the King's palfreys were not properly taken care of. Coggeshal, 16 Oct. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 11.) Rex Johi fit Hug Sec Mandam9 t1 qd sine dilatone reddas Abbi de Westm mariiiu de pforford qd captu fuit in manu hram p p>ceptu nrm p/p? palef f iiros male custoditos Se si quid in p9tea amotu fuit pt ncca paleff Se custodu suoij totu sine ditone ei reddi facias. T. G. coin Essex apd Cogeshal xvj Oct. Order to the sheriff of Northampton to give possession to Kempe, the King's balistarius, of land of the annual value of 50 shillings in the King's escheats in Newcastle, which he had granted to him till he could provide for him in mar riage. Hengham, 17 Oct. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 11.) Rex vie Norhub Sec. P'Jcipim9 t' qd facias hre Kepe balisE iiro 1. sol ?re I escaetis hris l Novo Castello qas ei dedim9 donee ei pvidim9 T maritagio Se cu ei I maritagio pvidim9 ?ra ilia ad nos reftef. T. me ipo apd Haingh xvij die Oct. Mandate to Reginald de Cornhull to buy three skins of sables of William the Englishman of Rouen for the King's use, if none better could be bought in England. Reading, 21 Oct. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 11.) Rex Regih de Cornhull Sec. Mandam9 vob qd de sabelinis quas Witt Angt de Rothom vob ostendet -f ematis tes ad op9 nfm si bone Mint ita qd no sit meliores I Angt ut die ad op9 nfm. Se co Sec. T. me ipo apd Radig xxj die Oct. Order to W. the treasurer to pay William de St. Michael 9/. which he had laid out on the robe of brother Theodore le Ties, by the King's command, when he was knighted. Windsor, 2 Nov. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 10.) Rex Sic. W. thauf Sec. Libate Wtto de sco Mich ix libr' qas ipe posuit I roba ffis Theodor' le Ties ptp>cept nfm qh ipe ifeus fuit miles. T. me ipo apd Windlesor' ij die Nove. p Ric Duket. Order to the bailiffs of Sandwich to find a ship for William Alben' to cross the sea on the King's service, without cost. Windsor, 4 Nov. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 10.)— And mandate to Geoffrey Fitz Peter to give him money to spend on his journey. Freemantle, 5 Nov. 1205. (Ibid.) Rex Sec ballivis port9 de Sandewic salt. Invenite sin p>cio Witto Albeh nave ad t^sfHand I Sviciu nfm. Se co Sec T. G. fit Pet' apd Windlesof iiij die Novebr1. Rex Sec G. fit Pet1. Mandam9 vob qd faciatis hre Witto de Albend den ad expendend I itufle q° pficiscitr l Svico iiro. T. me ipo apd Frigmatett v. die Nov. p Ph. de Lucy. 398 MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS FROM Mandate to Robert de Veerpont to detain in safe custody, but out of irons, either Ronun, knight of Poitou, or Philip his companion knight, as a hostage, and to find him a horse and robes. Aulton, 22 April 1206. (7 Joh. m. 13.) Rex Rob de Veft Ponte Sec. Mittim9 ad vos Ronuh milite de Pictav obside Se Ph sociu suu milite mandantes q unu eoif retineatis vobcii & salvo custodiatis S3 exa f?ru Se Iveniatis ei equu Se robas Se co Sec. T. me ipo ap Aultoii xxij die Apl, p Petf de Stok. Mandate to all the sheriffs of England to permit Archbishops, Bishops, Abbots, Priors, and all religious men and all clerks, to sell their corn by the seme or horse-load. (9 Joh. m. 10 dors.) Mandatu est omib3 vie Angt qct pmittat Archiepos Epos Abbes Priores Se omes viros religios &, ofries cticos vendue blada sua p surhas us<^ ad festum see Katerine. Order to the barons of the Exchequer to account with Robert de London the King's clerk for 24s., for gold of the weight of 36a!. which he had laid out by the King's command, viz. for a girdle of gold, three rings of gold, and repairing the Queen's mirror ; and to account also with him for the workmanship of the same, 8s. 3%d. ; for polishing a ruby and the workmanship of three rings, 4s.; for the workmanship of two basons for the King's Chapel, 6s.; for a mark of gold to make a saltcellar for the King's use, and for four caskets for four azure stones, (lapis lazuli) 118s. 4c?. ; for the workmanship of the saltcellar and caskets, 5s. Qd. ; for a silver saltcellar, gilt within and without, 29s. 6c?.; for a silver box for an antidote to poison, and for repairing a silver mug, 8s. 8c?. ; for two casules* and two albs for the Queen's Chapel, 38s. 9c!.; for three pieces of taffety, and one and a half of fustian, and five pounds of silk or fine cotton, for three couches or beds for the King, and for the workmanship of the same, 49s. 8it?. Lambeth, 22 Jan. 1208. (9 Joh. m. 8.) Rex Sec baf Sec. Comput Robo de Lond ctico nro xxiiij. s. p auro pond*?is xxxvj.d. qd posuit i opationib3 nris p pteeptu nfm. s. in .j. zona auf & iij anut auf Se in speculo Regine eme- dand. Comp eide in opacione jMcorum .viij. s. Se iij. d. Se ob.

.v. li. deBombace ad .iij. culcitas nras Se q opacione earu .xlix. s. Se viij. d. Se ob. T. me ipo apud Lameh .xxij. die Jan anno f. h. ix°. Mandate to Walter de Preston to convey the King's treasure, viz. 11,000 marks, to Marlborough and there deliver it to Hugh de Nevill, and not to quit the treasure till he had so delivered it. London, 21 Feb. 1208. (9 Joh. m. 8.) Rex Wal?o de Preston Sec. Mandam9 vob qd tfraurf nfm scilet undecT mitt in qas recepistis a Rob de Ve?i Ponte sn * Casula, " Casule or Planet, the upper vestment wherewith the priest is attired when he says mass, resembling the purple robe of derision which the soldiers put on our Saviour, saying. Hail, King of the Jews! Tr. of Mass." Blount, Glossographia. — Topham, however, translates casula, chasuble. THE CLOSE ROLLS OF KING JOHN. 399 ditone def?ri faciatis salvo usq, M*!leb Se ibi libari Hug de Ne vill Se videatis qd corp9 vfm no recedat a tharro illo q°usq, veniit M'Jleb Se q°usqr libef Hug de Nevill. T. me ipo ap Lond xxj die Febf. p R. de Marisc. Mandate to Richard de Chartay to detain in safe custody as a hostage Philip his nephew, the hostage of Reginald de Chartay his brother. Clarendon, 27 Feb. 1208. (9 Joh. m. 7.) Rex Ric de Chartay Sec. Mittim9 ad vos Ph' nepote vfm hostagiii Regih de Chartay ffis vri madantes vob qd illu salvo custodiatis sic ostagiu. T. me ipo ap Clarend xxvij die Febf. Acknowledgment of having received from the Abbot and Convent, of Read ing various books, viz. The Old Testament, Hugh de St. Victor on the Sacra ments, the Sentences of Peter Lombard, the Epistles of Augustine on the City of God, and on the third part of the Psalter, Val'ian de Moribus, Origen's Trea tise on the Old Testament, and Candidus Arianus ad Marium. Aldingbourn, in Sussex, 29 March 1208. (9 Joh. m. 5.) Rex abbi de Rading &c Sciatis qd vigilia Pasch Florid ap Audingeburii anno f fi ix° recepim9 p man G?vas sac'ste de Rading sex lib°s bibliotece in quil>3 qtinentr oirie vet9 testifn. Recepim9 & p'ma pte bibliotece Se sacameta magri Hug de sco Victore Se snias Pet' Lombard eplas Aug de civitate Di Aug sup ?cia. pte salSii Libru Vatiani de morib9 Tactatu Origeh sup vet9 Testifn. Libru Candidi Ariani ad Mariu. Et io vob mandam9 qd vos &C ipe iii sitis q'eti. T. me ipo ap Audigeb xxix die Marc . Similar acknowledgment for the King's copy of " Pliny." Waverley, in Surrey, 4 April 1208. (9 Joh. m. 5.) Rex abbi Si coventui de Rading Sec Sciatis qd die Veri?is s. die paceven anno regni nri ix° recepim9 p manu Sim Caniiaf nri ap Waft libf nfm qui vocatr Plini9 qui I vra erat c9todia. fa hoc vob madam9 qd vos Se ipe ih sitis q'eti . T. ihe ipo ap Waft iiij die Apl. Mandate to W. earl of Salisbury to permit the Bishop of Ely to come with his usual retinue, on or before the fourth day in Easter week, to discourse with the King as he had requested ; and a similar Order to Earl Alberic for the Bishop of London. Aldingbourn, 30 March 1208. (9 Joh. m. 5.) Rex Sec. dilco & fideli suo W. coin Saff salt. Sciatis qd bene placet nob qd dns Ely ens ad nos veniatad loquend nob- cum qarto die vt if* q^tu die septiman instatis Pasch sicut Thom de Herden Se Symo de Insula sen ipius Epci nos rogave- rut. Et io vob madam9 qd ei & hiis q' fufint de manupastu suo Se q1 cu eo ire gsuefunt gductu hre faciatis ad nos Se fonablr eis nccia de suo inveniatis. Id mandavim9 battis vris ut K faciat si vos inveti no Mitis. T. me ipo ap Audingeburii xxx die Marc. P Abbem de Binnedon. cora. cancel!. Sub ead forma sc'bit' battis coin fa eod m°. Sub ead forma scjbitr coin Albrico p dno Lond. 400 MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS FROM Order to the bailiff of Porchester to cause machines for flinging stones, called petrarice and mangonelli,* to be made for the King's service, and to let Drogo de Diep' and his companions have iron and other things necessary for making them. Waltham, Hants, 2 April 1208. (9 Joh. m. 5.) Rex bafto suo Porec &c Precipim9 1' qd f lx facias petarias Se mangonett ad op9 nfm ap Porec Se facias here Drogoh de Diep & sociis suis q nccia Mint hiis faciend in f?ro Se aliis s' ncciis Se co t' ad sccam. T. me ipo apd Waltha, ij die Ap!l anno r. n. ix. p dnm Wint. Order to the bailiffs of the Port of Dover, to find passage for the Abbot of Beaulieu with five horses and his men, who was going on an embassy from the King. Waverley, 4 April 120S. (9 Joh. m. 5.) Rex baittis port9 de Duur &c. Invenite passagiu Abbi de bello Loco ad va, equos Se hoies suos q mittim9 I nuciu nfm. 8c co vob ad scacc. T. dno P. Wint epo ap Waft iiij die Ap'l p eunde anno r. n. ix. Order to the barons of the Exchequer to account with Reginald de Cornhull for 49s. 10c?. for gold for preparing the King's banners and tunics for the arma ment, 20s. for inlaying the gold therein, 3s. for painting and 8s. for sewing them. Guildford, 7 April 1208. (9 Joh. m. 5.) Rex Sic Baron de Scakafo Sec. Computat Reg de Corn- hull qadraginta Se nove sol Se x den p auro ad barisias nras Se tunicas nras ad armadu pandas Se viginti s. p auro illo cubando in bariuis Si tunicis Se tres s p bari?iis Se tunicis illis depingedis & octo s p qadraginta s suend. T. me ipo ap Geldeford vij die April p R. pmetar. Mandate to Robert de Veerpont to put Hugh de Lascy, the hostage of Walter de Lascy, out of irons, but to detain him in safe custody. Sutton, Hants, 9 April 1208. (9 Joh. m. 4.) Rex R. de Veft Ponte Sec Mandam9 vob qd ponatis Hug de Lascy obside Walft de Lascy exa f?ru. Ita tn qd salvo cus todial T. W. Briw1? ap Suttoii ix die April, p W. de Wroth. Order to the provost of Winchester to send for the King's use a good cha riot with all its furniture and four horses, to be at Northampton on the Tuesday after the close of Easter. Dated at Ludgershall, Wilts, 10th April 1208. (9 Joh. m. 3.) — The King was at Northampton on the 15th and 16th of that month. Rex pposito Wintoh Sec. P*?cipim9 t' qd nob hre facias una biga. bona, cu toto hnesio Se tactu iiij01" equoij Se ilia mitti facias usqj Norhampt. Ita qd ibi sit die Mart instanti .s. ceptu nfm. T. me ipo apudNorhametoh xv April anno Sec ix°. Rex Sic. W. thesauro St G. Si R. caritaf Sec Libate dilco Se fideli nro W. Briwerf duo milia marcaij. de denaf p° venietib3 ad scaccaf ad poiidu ap Oxon in thesauro 9a duo milia marcaf q fecim9 ab eode W.libari Andree de Bello Capo Se Witto Rivel de thesauro iiro q e ap Oxon quos mittim9 in Pictavia ad faci endu in p>ceptu nfm Si alios denaf p9tea veniedos ad scaracaf faciatis deferri usq, Mfleburg ad poridu ibi in thesaf. T. me ipo ap Norhametofi xv die Ap'l anno Sic ix°. To the barons of the Exchequer to allow Thomas de Ardint', sheriff of Staffordshire, 16/. and 6 pence, which he had paid to 500 foot and 25 horse sol diers whom he had brought to the King's army in Wales. Hereford, 27 April 1208. (9 Joh. m. 2.) Rex Baron Sec C5put' Thoiri de Ardint'1 vie Stafford sex- deci ti & sex den quos ipe pacavit q'ngentis Svientib3 peditib3 Se viginti q'nq, §vientib3 equity quos ad nos addux ad ex?citu nfm Vallie anno f h ix°'. T. tne ipo ap Hereford xxvij die Aprit. p Ric de Marisc. To Robert de Veerpont, informing him that the King had given to Robert de Burgot' the wardship of the land and heir of Walter de Calo, with the right of marrying him, and commanding him to give possession of the heir with his land and right of marriage, and to send the mother of the heir to the King. Lambeth, 8 May 1208. (9 Joh. m. 1.) Rex Rob de veft Pont1 Sic. Sciatis qd dedim9 Rob de Burgot'' custodia fte Se hedis Walft de Calo cu maritagio ipi9 Se ido vob mandam9 qd ipm hede ei sine ditone hae faciatis cu Era sua Si maritagio Se inrem ipi9 hedis ad nos mittatis. T. me ipo apud Lameh viij die Maij. p dnm Wint'. To G. de Marisco, justiciary of Ireland, expressing surprise that he had not obeyed the precept of the King to deliver the castle of Dunmas to the Earl of Pembroke : — " We command you therefore to deliver it up without delay to the deputy of the Earl bringing this letter together with the Earl's letters patent, by this token — that you informed us by brother Nicholas the hospitaller that you would perform our command respecting that castle by delivering it to the Earl by such token as this — that we took you, or you took us, by the thumb or arm, — but we know not which ; nevertheless, although we are uncertain upon this point, fail ye not to deliver up the Castle to the bearer of these presents." Witnesses, P. bishop of Winchester, W. earl of Salisbury, R. constable of Chester, Ph. de Albin. G. de Nevill, chamberlain. Folkstone, 14 May 1216. (18 Joh. m. 9.) 402 MISCELLANEOUS EXTRACTS FROM Rex G. de Marisc Justic Hibh salt. Miramr plimu qd f>ceptu nfm qd alias vob fecimus de castro de Dunmas libando W. Maresc coin Penbij no fecistis. Et ido vob mand qd ei qui ex pte ejusd coin ad vos vehftt has litfas deftens simtcu litis dei coni patentib3 castru de Dunmas sh dilone libetis hiis inPsignis qd p ffem NicK hospitalaf nob mandastis qd pteepta nra faSetis de castro illo/ eid coifi libando p talia infsigna qdnos cepim9 vos vl vos nos p pollice vt p bachiu set nescim9 utru nc th si de hoc dubitem9 castru p>dcm aliqatenus libare omittatis p>sentiij latori sic f?dcm est. Et in h9 Sic. T. dno P. Wint epo W. com Sarf. R constab Cestf . PK de Albih. G. de Nevill camW iiro qui psentes Mut ubi h vob scribi p>cepim9. T. me ipo ap Folkestoh xiiij die Maii. WINE. Mandate to John la Warr and his associates to sell the residue of the King's wines in his custody for the King's profit. Stoke, 7 June 1205. (7 Joh. m. 24.) Rex Johi la Warf Si sociis suis &c Mandam9 vob qd resi- duu vinoij nroij qd fietis l custod vendatis Si ^ficuu nfm in faciatis sic & qh meli9 viditis expedire. T. P. de Stokf apd Stok vij die Jun. p eund (Archid. Well.) Mandate to Peter de Stokes to deliver to Godfrey Vitulus two casks of tolerably good red wine, and one of good white, to be lodged in his castle of Say. Marlborough, 2 July 1205. (7 Joh. m. 22.) Rex Sic Pet" de Stokf Sic Mandam9 vob_ q libari faciatis Galff Vitulo duo dolia vini hri rubei aliqantulu boni & unu de albo bono ad ponend T cast0 suo de Say q'a ipe nob ih respon- debit. Et si ja, amoti Meritis ad venienct ad nos -f faciatis id Hi p litfas vras. T. me ipo ap M"?lebg ij die Jut. Order to Hugh de Nevill to send a good and strong carriage to Southamp ton to convey the King's wine to various places, consisting of white wine and wine de Aluelo. Woodstock, 11 July 1205. (7 Joh. m. 21.) Rex Hugoi de Nevill Sic Mitte cariagiu bonu Se forte ap Suhamton ad cariadu vih nfm qd Daniel pin8na t1 libari faciet scil usq, Freismantel iij dolia vini albi Se iij dolia de Alueto usq, Luteghatt ij dolia albi Se iiij aluet usq, Mlleb vj albi Se vj aluet' usq, Gillingh iiijor albi Se iiijor aluet' Se co Sec. T. P. de Stok. ap Wudestok1. xj die Jut. Mandate to Robert de Roppell to cause to be brought by water-carriage by day and night six small casks of wine to Bruges, three of which were for the King's use and three for the household.* Havering, 6 Aug. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 18.) Rex Rob de Roppell Sec Mandam9 vob qd statl visis litfts faciatis venire de die Se nocte vj. tonellos vini apd Bruges p aqam tes scilet ad op9 nfm Se tes dispensabiles Se illos libari faciatis Wfto de Wrotha vel Gtis nuciis suis. T. me ipo apd Having vj die Aug. * Vinum dispensabile — expensabile, vin de depense, quotidiani potus in usum domesticorum. Ducange. THE CLOSE ROLLS OF KING JOHN. 403 Order to the barons of the Exchequer to allow in the account of the keepers of the King's wines at Southampton, four casks of wine which they had delivered to the Earl of Salisbury the King's brother as a gift from the King, and two casks given to the Archdeacon of Wells and the Abbess of St. Edward's. Bris tol, 8 Sept. 1205. (7 Joh. m. 16.) Rex baf de scacco Sic. Coput' custodib3 vinoif iiroi} de Suhamt iiij dolia vini q libavnt coin Saf fri iiro de dono nro Si duo dolia vini vidett .j . qd libafnt Archid Well Se aliud qd libaf nt Abbisse sci Edwardi de dono hro p p'ceptu nfm. T. me ipo apd Bristol! viij die Sept. Mandate to R. de Cornhull to buy for the King's use ten small casks of strong red wine and one of Auxerre for the King's use, and to send them to Nottingham ; and informing him that if they did not prove good he should be called to account for it. Southampton, 11 April 1206. (7 Joh. m. 13.) Rex R. de Cornhull Sec. Mandam9 vob q ematis ad op9 nfm x tonett vini rubei fortis Se j. tonett de Aucerf ad op9 nfm Se illos mittatis apd Notingh p Sviente Rob de Veft Ponte Si cu ipo mittatis .j. de §vientib5 hris & sciatis qd nisi bona Mint vina ilia •f nos inde ad vos capiem9. Qd au I illis posu?itis vob copu- tari faciem9. T. me ipo apd Suhamt xj. die Ap'l. Order to William de Cornhull to buy for the King's use twenty casks of good red wine that would keep, which was to be sent to Nottingham and Tickhill. Winchester, 26 Feb. 1208. (9 Joh. m. 7.) Rex W. de Cornhull Archid Hunted Sec. P*?cipim9 vob qd sh ditone emi faciatis ad op9 nfm viginti dolia rubei vini boni & durablis. Quoif xv debet def?ri usq, Notingh Se v usq, Tike- hutt Si ea faciatis cariari usq, Line Si ex q° ibi veniint faciatis scire Rob de Veft Pont qui ea ad p>dca loca faciet def?i Si co t' ad scacc. T. me ipo ap Win? xxvj die Febf anno r. n. ix°. Mandate to the custodes of the Bishoprick, of Exeter to send to Poorstock three casks of wine of Anjou. Clarendon, 21 March 1208. (9 Joh. m. 6.) Rex custodib3 epatus Exon Sic Mandam9 vob qd mittatis usq, Pourstok' t'a dolia vini de vino Andeg Se co. vob ad scacc. T. W. de Cantilup ap Clarend xxj die Marc anno r. r. ix°. Order to the barons of the Exchequer to pay 5 marks 3s. 6Jd. for two small casks of wine, and for the carriage ofthe same from Pagham to Waverley for the consumption of the King's household for two days. Guildford, 6 April 1208. (9 Joh. m. 4.) Rex baroii Sec Coput R. de Cornhull q'nq, ih tes sol Se vj d. Se ob p duob3 tonett vini Se cariag de Pagaha usq, Wavl ad expensas domus hre ibide p duos dies .s. die Jovis absolu tions Si die Verifrs gaceveh. T. me ipo ap Geldeford vj die Ap'l. anno r. n. ix°. 404 STANDARD OF KING HENRY THE THIRD. MANDATE OF KING HENRY THE THIRD FOR A STANDARD OF A DRAGON TO BE PLACED IN THE CHURCH OF ST. PETER, WESTMINSTER. Mandate to Edward Fitz Odo* to deliver to G. de Turvill, treasurer of Ire land, two pieces of cloth of Areste, or arras, to make two copes, and place them in the two Chapels of the King in Ireland. And also to cause a dragon to be made in fashion of a standard, of red silk sparkling all over with gold,f the tongue of which should be made to resemble burning fire, and appear to be continually moving, and the eyes of sapphires or other suitable stones ; and to place it in the Church of St. Peter, Westminster, against the King's coming there. And the King being informed ofthe cost, it should be defrayed. Tested at Chippenham, 17 June 1244. (28 H. 3. m. 7.) — This standard is noticed in Dart's History of Westminster Abbey. Some remarks on a dragon being borne on the standards of our early monarchs will be found in the " Retrospec tive Review."| De pannis del Areste Se uno vexillo faciendo. Mandat est Edwardo filio Odonis qd fac hre G. de Turvift thes Hybh duos pannos del Areste ad duas capas faciendas & ponendas in duab3 capllis R. in Hybh f?i et1 fac unu Dracone in mod unius vexilli de quodam rubeo samito qui ubiq, sit auro extencellaf cujus linga sit fea tanqam ignis combures &, continue apparent? moveaf Se ej9 occli fiant de saphiris vt de aliis lapidib3 eide convenient^ Se illu ponat in ecca bi Pet' Westm conta advent1 R. ibide. Et cu R. cust9 scifit illd reddi fac. T. R. apd Chipenha. xvij die Junij. * To this Edward Fitz Odo the King made a singular grant in his 28th year, viz. that from the aqueduct which the King had constructed to the Great Hall at Westminster, the grantee might have a pipe to his own court at Westminster, of the size of a goosequill. Tested at Clive 6 July. Rex concessit Edwardo filio Odonis quod ex aquse ductu quem rex venire fecit usque Magnam aulam de Westm' habeat unam pipam usque in curiam suam de Westm' de grossitudine unius pennae aucae. In cujus &c. Teste Rege apud Clive, vj die Julii. t Extencellatus, from estincelle, Fr. a spark or sparkle of fire, whence our cloth called tinsel, so called because it glisters like sparkles of fire. t N. S. vol. i. p. 94. 405 ANCIENT ORISONS AND PRAYERS. The following article, copied from an ancient roll existing among the mis cellaneous records of the Tower of London, presents a curious specimen of the devotional exercises of the thirteenth century. It is written on both sides of a narrow slip of vellum (or rather, three pieces sewed together) about three inches wide and three feet long, and when rolled up, about half an inch diameter, so that it was well calculated for carrying about the person. The writing is of the thirteenth century, with the exception of a small portion at the close of the inner side of the roll, which is of later date. The initial letters of the paragraphs, stan zas, and prayers, are written in red ink; as well as the entire sentences preceding the stanzas on the outside ofthe roll, and the three couplets that follow them. The value and interest of this curious relic would have been much enhanced if it could have been ascertained to whom it originally belonged ; it can, however, only be conjectured that it reached its present destination with the papers of some attainted person, whose property was seized by the Crown. The roll commences with a Latin version of the first fourteen verses of St- John's Gospel, and proceeds to state in the barbarous French of the day, that three hundred and fifty days of pardon were granted by Pope Innocent to all who should devoutly say the orison that follows. It directs that five pa ternosters and five aves should be said in honour of the five wounds of our Saviour; and "of a truth," it proceeds, " no man shall perish on the day on which he shall say this orison." Three Latin hexameters repeat this assurance ; and two others seem to imply that he who makes true confession should have fifty days of pardon. Then follows a series of couplets in French, expressive of reverence towards the Real Presence in the sacramental elements, and invoking protection and salvation. The orison succeeds, which is to be devoutly said at the sacrament of the mass, and consists of sixteen stanzas of four lines each, in which the various sufferings of our Saviour are enumerated, and grace aud pardon for sins implored, in a strain of fervent piety, not unworthy of the pen of Bishop Andrews. The composition is rude, but there are passages in it of considerable merit and beauty. Then succeeds a Latin prayer to our Saviour ; which is followed, in a later hand, by others to Saint Chad for his intercession, and a short one addressed to the Deity. The upper part of the outside of the roll is so much obliterated that but a small portion of the rubric is legible. This rubric introduces an orison in seven stanzas or parts, adapted to the successive services of the Catholic ritual, viz. matins, prime, tierce, noon, nones, vespers, and complin. In each of these stanzas, incidents in the life of our Saviour are commemorated, which are pre sumed to have occurred at the particular time of day to which the stanza is adapted, and a devout aspiration is added, naturally suggested by those inci dents. Three couplets occur at the close of this orison, the purport of which is, that he who frequently repeats these matins shall not end his days unhappily; and that to him who repeats them every day in the year with true faith, a hun dred days of pardon are granted by' Pope Urban. Three excellent prayers in Latin follow, introduced by the assurance that no mischance shall happen during the day to him who shall from his heart repeat them on rising from his bed. A very curious enumeration of Psalms to be repeated on particular occa sions, and under various circumstances of trial, ushers in the concluding prayer, whieh is equally remarkable for comprehensiveness and fervour of piety. 2 E 406 ANCIENT ORISONS AND PRAYERS TN principio erat verbum. Et verbum erat apd deum. Et ds erat vTium. Hoc erat in p'ncipio -f apd din. Omnia p ipm fea st & sine ipo fem est nichil. qd fem est. In ipo vita erat. Et vita erat lux hoim. Lux in tenebris lucetr' fa tenebf earn no qpehenderut. Fuit ho missus a do cui n" erat lobes. Hc venit in testimoniu t1 v' testimoniu phiber't de lumie. v* oihs crederent p ilium . Non erat ille lux -f S3 v' testimoniu phi ber't de lumie . Erat lux ver' ¦f que illuminat oem hoiem venien- tem in hunc mudu. In mundo erat r' Se mudus p ipm fes est ¦f fa mundus eum no cognovit. In pp'a venit -f fa sui eum no r'ce- perunt . Q°tquot aute receput eu -f dedit eis potestatem filios di fieri hiis qui crdut in nomine eius. Qui n5 ex sanguinib3 neq, ex voluntate carnis neq, ex voluntate viri S3 ex do nati sut. Et fbum caro fem est Se hbitavit in nobis. Et vidim9 gtam eius. gtam q4 unigeniti/ a pre. plenu gratie Si veritatis. T'REY Cen. Si cynkant iours .... s5nt donez a touz ceux. ky ceste oryson dyrrut ou bone douesc5n. Le pape Innocent fyt ceste orys5n Si ceo pdon dona. 81 de sa bulle confirma. Ceo pdon ne cesora tancon le cede dura. E dytez en lez onerance de syngf playns nestr' seygnour ihu c'st .v. pa?, ri?. & v. Ave. E pur veir' nul houme ne pyra- Le iour q ceste orys5n dyra. fsus. Hoc die cotidie subita ne morte pibis Sanus Se incolumes securus ab hostib3 ib. Nee riigerC aquis. t' nulla pcella nocebit . Tandem r'uera dabif confesco vera. Quinqaginta dies ht os dicens veniales. Ie vo9 honre le corps dyeu seyncte q le preste teynt en sa mayn. le vo9 honre seynt sacroment . vo9 estez le corps dieu omnipotent. Ie vo9 honre sank 81 corps me donez garder deyns Si hors. Me defendez huy de peche . Se de lencombr'ment de satane. Ie vo9 honre le corps devyn. me seez prymez medesing. Ie vo9 honre ver^e sacrofyce mey socurrez aiour de myse. Ie vo9 honre payn de vye ma alme sauuez q ele ne seyt pye. Ie vo9 hon'e dieu mon salu mon escu seez St ma uertu. Me donez de pechez pdon & me menez sauuacon.* Haut ly cheytyf pecheour deit r'garde s5n sauueour. * All these couplets are written in the original in a continued line. ANCIENT ORISONS AND PRAYERS. 407 Dyez ore ceste oryson a la sac°ment de la messe p bon deuoscon. J)OUCE syr' ihu c'st eyez ificy de moy Ky de ceil en fte venystez pr moy E de la v'gyne marie nasqez pr moy E en la seynte creys mort suffryez pr moy. Mercy vo9 pry ihu mon ver'ye sauueour 5 Mon solas m5n confort ma ioye ma dousour Ostez de mon quer orguft yr1 Se r^cour Qe ieo vo9 a gr1 §wer & amer cii seygnour. Mout vo9 de bienz ar2 qar vo9 me amastz avant Q^t vost* deyte voylez humylyer e tant 10 Qe issy cii vo9 fuystz Si estz dieu tout pussant Houme deuenystz humeyne char portant. En ft' suffrystz tauayl Se mesesz plusours flVyd Se faym Se seyf anguysez Se dolours Sank fusastz Se lesaustz lermz plusours 15 E adreyn deinnastz moryr pr totz pecheours. Dvr fut vre mort Se plain de pyte. Q^t voste seinctyme corps q vnq ne fyt peche De meintz ang'sz a tort vileint fut tr'te Entr' lar5ns e la crois fustz pedu Se puie 20 Des espynes pugnans la teste vo9 coronnert Lez mainez & lez pez de clouez vo9 pchert De la lance acoste g"nt playe vo9 donert Dont yssit ewe Se sank q de peche no9 laueft Sweet Lord Jesu Christ ! have mercy upon me, who for me didst come from heaven upon earth, and for me wast born of the Virgin Mary, and for me didst suffer death upon the holy cross ! Mercy ! I pray thee, Jesu, my very Saviour, my solace, my comfort, my joy, my happiness ! Take away from my heart pride, anger, and rancour, that I may willingly serve and love thee as my Lord. Much ought I to love thee, for thou didst exceedingly love me, when thou didst willingly humble thy Godhead so far, that here, though thou wert and art all-mighty God, thou didst become man, bearing human flesh. Upon earth thou didst suffer travail and many distresses, cold, and hunger, and thirst, anguish, and griefs : thou didst pour forth thy blood, and didst shed many tears, and at last didst deign to die for all sinners. Hard and piteous was thy death, when thy most holy body, which never did sin, with many wrongful sufferings was vilely treated : between thieves wast thou hung and raised upon the cross. With sharp thorns they crowned thy head, with nails they pierced thy hands and feet, with a lance they made a deep wound in thy side, whence issued both water and blood, which washed us from sin. 2e2 408 ANCIENT ORISONS AND PRAYERS. Vo9 auez le cheif eclin pr no9 apyler 25 E vo9 obeals bas esteduz pr no9 enbacer & vre couste ouert amour a no9 mostr'r Haut montastz la croiz pr no9 touz saluer Pvr ceo vo9 p1 ihu c'st eyez de moy pyte Qe ieo pr mez pechez a peyne ne sey liuer' 30 Mettez e mon quer veroie humylyte Qe verz vo9 Si vers mon p>me eye pfyte charyte Souet vo9 ay offedu ihu e coroute En dyt e fet en pole e fole pense En dormant e veylant Si ynn Si saule 35 p auE entysoint Si p mon euide gr1 En orgoyl e yr' en hauge e envye En accyde en auorite e ardour de lechorye En coueytyse e veine glorye e sourfet de glotonye p al?s pechz q ieo ai fet t°p e ceste vye. 40 Pvr ceo vo9 p' ihu c'st oiez ma cofescon De touz lez mais q ieo ay fet me donz pdon ffetz moy q ieo face digne satisfaccon Si veraie penausse dewant la mort ihu pr ton non. Vncore vo9 p' douce ihu nul be sy io face 45 Qe ieo no chyesse [en] veyne glorye me donez ta gace E qe anentyz ne seynt lez bienz q ieo prchace g le mal felun qy touz jourz moy chace. 1. 26. obeals, i. e. oveals, owelles, both. 1. 32. p'me, i. e. preme, presme, or prisme, prochain, proximus. Thou hast thy head inclined, to call us, and thy arms extended to embrace us, and thy side open to show thy love to us : high on the cross didst thou ascend to save us all. Therefore I pray thee, Jesu Christ ! have compassion on me, that I be not for my sins delivered to purgatory : put in my heart true humility, that I may have perfect love towards thee and towards my neighbour. Often have I provoked thee, Jesu ! to anger, in word, in deed, in speech and foolish thought, sleeping and awake, in inn and chamber, by en ticement of others, and by my own unruly will. In pride, in anger, in hatred and envy, in murder, in adultery, in ardour of lechery, in covetousness, in vain glory, in surfeit of gluttony, by other sins that I have too often committed in this life. Therefore I pray thee, Jesu Christ ! hear my confession, pardon all the wickedness that I have done, enable me to make worthy satisfaction, and to do true penance before death, for thy name's sake, O Jesu ! Moreover I pray thee, sweet Jesu ! if I do any thing good, give me thy grace that I fall not into vain glory, and that the goods I ardently labour for be not brought to nought by the evil spirit that always pursues me. ANCIENT ORISONS AND PRAYERS. 409 Ovorez mon quer vo9 p1 ihu pr vre non Qe ieo puysse de ton corps setir la pascon 50 Pensers mey donez de veraye copascon Qe ieo seye psoner de ta r'depcon . Moy donez gace vo9 p1 ihu ma vye yssy be gard"? Qe totez iourz vo9 puysse saictz .... Mortiel peche seuer cSsyece me festz au? 55 Delyuorz moy de mez enomyz seyne Qe ta p'ciouse char Si sank puysse dignomet vser. E sy en peche chiesse p nullz teptaciouns De lez entysoms de no9 enomys feloun9 Moy grantez ihu syl vo9 plest foye r'miscon 60 E touz iourz ou tey ihu gteplacdn . Pvr mesmem9 vo9 r'quoer Si pr touz mez amys E pr touz c'stienz Si pr touz mortz Si vifs Monstr's no9 alingenit la clarete de ton vis E touz ensemble no9 amenz a ioie de parodis. 65 J)OMINE ihu xe adoro te in cruce assendente. dep'cor te v* via libet me ab anglo pcustiente. Dne ihu xe adoro te in cruce wlneratum. dep'cor te v* wlnera tua fiut r'mediu aie mee. Dne ihu xe adoro te mortuii Se sepultu . dep'cor te v4 tua mors s' vita mea. Dne iftu xpe adoro Te ad inferna decedente cap- tiuos lifeantemr' dep'cor te no dimittas nos ibide int°ir'- Dhe ihu xe adoro te a mortuis r'surgente. ad dex?am pris acendenter' dep'cor te ihu miserer' mei. Dhe ihu xe adoro te saluatore mudi venfum Si iudicar' gen9, dep'cor te in sea p>ce Tu no intr's in iudiciu cu me pecore S3 ante dimitas qam iudices ad r'gnu tuu pducas saluator mudi Qui cu pre Se f . Se s. s. in scla. loif ame. Amen. f. f. I. 52. p'soner, i. e. personier, associti, coh^ritier, copartageant. 1. 56. This line seems redundant, and may be an interpolation. 1. 64. alm'genit', perhaps aliugem't. Open my heart, I pray thee, Jesu ! for thy name's sake, that I may have a due sense of the passion thou didst suffer in the body : give me thoughts of true compassion, that I may be a partaker of thy redemption. Give me grace, I pray thee, Jesu ! so to watch over my life here, that I may keep every day holy to thee; make me to have a conscience secure from mor tal sin, deliver me safe from my enemies, that I may worthily partake of thy precious body and blood. And if I fall into sin through any temptations by the enticement of our perfidious enemies, may it please thee, Jesu ! to grant me true remission, and contemplation upon thee continually ! For myself I implore thee, and for all my friends, and for all Christians, and for all dead and living, show us the brightness of thy countenance, and bring us all together to the joy of paradise. 410 ANCIENT ORISONS AND PRAYERS. CIS pro nob see cedda rogam9 ad diim v' nos r'xugtjfe pducat ad celi palaciu vbi tecu Si cu scis tuis sim9 inppetuu. Ora pro nob beatf. cedda. v* digne or'm9. Deu9 qui scoij. tuoti rrrth? ecclecia. toto orbe diffusam deco- rasti. p>sta. qs. v* in?cescoe beatissimi cedde epi in sorte ius- toii tua opitulante pietate censeamr p xpm dnm nfm. Deu9 cui pp>u e saluar1 & no gder1 ^piciu9 esto m1 pccatori Se q'cqti iniq'tatf vt pccati ego miser ncligen? commisi tu piu9 obsecro element ldulge g xpm diim nfm. Ame.* On the outside of the roll. sachetz ky nos? seynour .... ahour1 de jour Pevn^ pr . . 9 suffry Pur matynns v. pat nr & .v. Aue maria .... ceste orysoun j CIRE ihu ky par toun doux playser A hour' de matyn9 voylez suffrer Ta face fye Si bouder Craccher Se buffeter Cele hour11 meym9 de mort leuastes 5 E les v9 de peyne deliuerastes De mes peches moy donez gdon E patyence e t'bulacion. Pr p'me dietz .v. pr. fir. e .v. aue ma. Sir' ihu q ahour' de p'me Deuaut pylate irilt felon c'me 10 Lez iues vo9 dyseyut p euye En lour apte folye Cele hour1 meym9 v9 mustates A la maudeleyne q irilt amastes Monstretz moy sir1 vre face 15 E de ben fer1 me donez gace. 1. 3. fye, from ferir, frapper. Matins. — Lord Jesu ! who at the hour of matins didst by thy mild accord willingly suffer thyself to be smitten on the face, to be mocked, spit upon, and buffeted, and at the same hour didst raise thyself from the dead and deliver thyself from purgatory, — grant me pardon of my sins and patience in tribulation. Prime. — Lord Jesu 1 who at the hour of prime wast through envy charged by the Jews, in their shameless folly, with much perfidious crime, and at the same hour didst show thyself to the Magdalen, — show me, Lord, thy face, and give me grace to do well. * The inner side of the roll concludes here. — The prayers to Saint Chad, and those which follow, are in a later hand (probably temp. Edw. III.) f The rubric is almost obliterated, and the words here printed, which form about a third part of it, are not given with any confidence as to their correctness. ANCIENT ORISONS AND PRAYERS. 411 Pr fee diez .v. pr. nr fa v. aue maria. Sir1 ihu mercy v9 cry Qe ahour1 de teirce fust9 reuily De iues al piler lye E tut toun corps flaele 20 A tel hour1 meym9 elumynastes Del set espyrit vos apostlus Enlumynes mon qr de vre amour Qe §uer v9 puyse nuyt Se jour. Pr midy diez .v. pr hr Si v. aue maf. Sir1 ihu q ahour1 de mydy 25 En la crosz fustez desclouetz ficchy pmy les pegz & les malyns De iues felouns Si vyleyns Cel hour1 meym9 de sencte marye Echar preystes virgine vereye 30 Pur cele anuciacion De mes peches me donezt pdon . Pr noune diec .v. pr. & v. aue. Sire ihu q pr inus p'astes A hour1 de noune ta alme baylastes A vre pere q toutz iour est 35 En checu lu ou ly plest Cele hour1 meym9 en ceyl m5ntast Nfe fey confirmastes Fetes moy a ceil vener Ky ieo pusse vous ioier. 40 Pr vesp9 ditz .v. pr hr. Si .v. aue ma . Sir' ihu q fustes derendus A hour1 de vespre de la croix De iosep aimablement De ar^athye seincteifit Tierce. — Lord Jesu ! I cry to thee for mercy, who at the hour of tierce wast reviled by the Jews, tied to a pillar, and all thy body scourged, and at the same hour didst enlighten thy apostles with the Holy Spirit, — enlighten my heart with thy love, that I may serve thee day and night. Noon. — Lord Jesu ! who at the hour of noon wast fastened to the cross with nails amidst sinners and wicked persons by the perfidious and wretched Jews, and at the same hour didst take flesh of a true virgin the holy Mary, — for that annunciation, give me pardon of my sins. Nones, or high noon Lord Jesu ! who at the hour of nones didst pray for us and deliver up thy soul to thy Father, who is always in every place as it pleaseth Him, and at that same hour didst ascend into heaven and confirm our faith, — bring me to heaven, that I may there enjoy thee ! Vespers. — Lord Jesu ! who at the hour of vespers wast with love and reve rence taken down from the cross by Joseph of Arimathea, and at that same hour 412 ANCIENT ORISONS AND PRAYERS. Cele houre meym9 ta char donastes 45 En sacroment qant tu pastes Pr cele seinte sacc°ment Deliueretz moy de encombrofrit. Pr coplin ditz .v. pr fir. Si v. aue maria. Sire ihu q sane suastes A houre de coplin q"nt orastes 50 E vos deciplus enueylastes E de la tresoun lurr counctastes De Judas Si de la malur1 genzt Qe p9 y9 priccerut horriblement Cele hour' meym9 deuoutefht 55 Fustes mis en monument Pur cele seinte sepulture Defendetz no9 de peine dure. Q' ces matin9 souet dirra I a malemet ne finira Hee ky les dyt e ben creyt Centz jour9 de pdo1 il reseyt Hee checu Jour de an en an Dela postoyle urba ] ame . See ky dyt ses .iij. orisouuns eleuat de soun leytz. Ou bene uolunte E tote la Jour apres aly ne wendra meschaunsse. A P'E os meu dne ad bndicendu n" tuu muda q, cor meu ab oib3 vitiis St cogitaconib3 vanis Se nequiciis v* exaudiri merear ah conspectum diuine magestatf tue. Et da m' ftutem gfam voluntatem Si fortitudine resistendi conta temptacoes dea- boli ac fagilitatem carnis mee & decepconem scli p xpm diim nostm. Amen. (^.R'AS tibi ago oipotens ds qui me dignat9 es in hac nocte custodire dep'cor clemenciam tua, misericors ds v* concedas m' diem venturum sc pager' in tuo Svisio cu oi humilitate fa discrescone qatin9 t' placiat servitu mea. p. xm. dm. Ame. 1.54. priccerunt, or pritterunt : probably the former, from priser. didst give thy flesh in the sacrament of thy supper,— for that holy sacrament deliver me from the incumbrance of sin. Complin.— Lord Jesu ! who at the hour of complin didst when thou prayedst sweat drops of blood, and didst awaken thy disciples and tell them of the treason of Judas and the wicked host who horribly fixed a price for thee, and at that same hour wast devoutly laid in the sepulchre,— for that holy sepulture defend me from purgatory. ANCIENT ORISONS AND PRAYERS. 413 pETO dne te humilr 8e cordit1 v' des m1 gram tuam cogi- tare loqui fa age hodie que tibi placiant Se da m' ad salute aie mee expediut Si comitef mecu hodie Se oibj horis gfa tua que me sep custodiat ptegat conservet Se defendet a subitanea & etna morte & ab oi picto corpis Se aie. p. Ame. QVI wit supplicar' deor' dicat ante crucem Vsque q° dne ^* Ad te leuaui. Pro negotiis expediendis die mane qri surgis In te dne spaui. Et die sex Deus in noie tuo Se Ter pat nos? cu ofone Dne see pat. Item in oi aduJsitate die genib3 flexis lac'mando E Exaudi ds oraconem meam cu dep'cor Si Miserer1 mei ds qiri conculcauit. Item litigans of supiore dc genibus flexis Miserer1 mei ds miserere mei. Item in duello dc ixes Ivdica dne nocentes me Si Eripe me de inimicf & Exaudi ds ofonem mea, cu deptor. Item qui ht voluntate pccandi dicat t Deus misereaf nost1. Item si sis int inimicos die xiies Exurgat ds. Item qri t'bulaco euenit die Saluu me fac ds qiri intauerut. Item ad incipienct nouu opus die genib3 flexis vies coram suirio altari Deus in adiutoriu meu intende. Item 9a potestate diaboli die In te dne spaui. Item qui cadit in adfsitate dicat t an cucem Deus venerent gentes. Item qui wit desideriu suu adimpler' dicat xies Ad te dne leuaui . Item si quis in t'stitia die ad sacamentu Drie ds salutf mee. Si inpedit9 Mis die Drie refugiu . Tue sequif ofo. Oremus •? T)OMINE ihu xpe qui p r'dempcone geriJis numani uoluisti p iudam osclo tadi. iudeis Se a falcis testib3 acusari 8c a dcis iudeis vinculis ligari. flagellari atq, vestib3 deriudari. facie conspui. c"ce extendi, clauoij. aculeis man9 ac pedes pforari. spinis coronari. felle Si aceto potari. lancea lat apiri. p has stisimas penas. Si gtosissimas lac'mas qas in r1surectione lazari eiFudisti. te ihu xe dep'cor no me pir1 pmittas neq, vindictam sumas de pecis meis set in sco tuo noie saluu me fac. qi tua creafa sum St tu sol9 saluar1 potes. da m' scir1. velle. opari. Se pficer' ea que Se placita sut Se m1 expediut. Concede m' in pt'bacoe gsiliu. in psecuscoe auxiliu. in t'bulacoe solaciu. in ira modestia,. in oi temptacoe v'tutem Si gfam. fiat m' queso dne ds f'ma fides in corde. galea salutf in capite. fbum 'v'itatf in ore. signu c"cis in fronte. dileccio di Se pximi in pctore. psens castitas in 8cuitu. honestitas in accone. sobrietas in af- fectu. sanctitas in continencia. amor Se desideriu vite etne. pseue- r'ntia in bono vsq, ad fine. pestante dno iiro ihu x°unico cii fiMo ac redemptori iiro qui cu pre St spu sco viuis Si regnas. Ame. 414 A TABLE OF SIGNS USED DURING THE HOURS OF SILENCE BY THE SISTERS IN THE MONASTERY OF SION. The Monastery of Sion at Isleworth, in the county of Middlesex, was founded about the year 1414, by King Henry the Fifth, and was the only house of the Order of St. Bridget in England. The Order required a certain numbei of members of each establishment ; namely, sixty nuns or sisters, one of whom was Abbess, thirteen priests, one of whom was Confessor, four deacons, and eight lay brethren; all which persons were intended to represent the thirteen apostles and seventy-two disciples. The Order was dedicated to our Saviour. The Rule was that of St. Austin, with the additions of St. Bridget. The manu script from which the following very curious extract* is made, was given to the library ofthe Cathedral Church of St. Paul by Robert Hare. It contains, first, the additions to the Rule in fifty-eight chapters ; secondly, a ceremonial calen dar ; thirdly, the article here printed ; fourthly, " The Reule of our Savyour ;'' fifthly, " The Reule of St. Austyne." The manuscript is a folio volume in Eng lish, and written on parchment about the middle of the fifteenth century. It does not appear to have been known to Bishop Tanner, who mentions, how ever, another MS. formerly in the Arundel Library, and given by the Duke of Norfolk to the Royal Society, entitled " Orders and Constitutions of the Monas tery of Syon."f The form of profession of the brethren is thus prescribed in the text of the 1 2th chapter : — " In noie p'ris & filij & sp'c. s'ci Amen. I brother N. N. behote to the X generall confessor of thys monastery, me for to kepe obedience after the reule of Seynt Austyn and constitucions of seynt birgitte." The Rule of this Order will be found at some length in Hospinian;§ and it will be seen in the fifth chapter that/strictr-sirence was enjoined the sisters indi vidually and collectively during certain specified portions ofthe day. But as their wants could not be supplied without some means of communication, recourse was had to signs, of which the following table, to be found only in the manuscript, seems to have been yeompiled for the use. pf the Order. Of St. Bridget herself, Tritthemius says—" Brigitta vidua sanctissima diuino colloquio assueta, et intimae charitatis perfectione Deo unita, spiritu quoq. prophetico & miraculis celeberrima, religionem nouam Christo jubente instituit, a suo nomine nuncupatam : & scripsit de prophetiis & reuelationibus suis opus insigne, pro omnibus ecclesiae ordinibus maxime edificatorium & catholicis dogmatibus per omnia consentaneum. Claruit in Suedia & Roma, circa dni 1350.|| The Registers ofthe diocese of London contain various entries relative to the Monastery of Sion. In that of Bishop Gray, f. 69, is a decree confirming the * Communicated by permission of the Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Llandaff, Dean of St. Paul's. r t See Tanner's Notitia Monastica, edit. Nasmith, 1787, Pref. p. xii. and under Middlesex, No. XI. for an account of the Monastery of Syon. X Word erased in the MS. § De origine et progressv Monachatvs ac ordinvm Monasticorvm eqvitvmqve militarium omnium Libri VI. Rodolpho Hospiniano Tigurino auctore Tieuri 1588. fol. fo. 281. caput v. || Johannis Tritthemii de Script Eceles" 4'° ex off. P. Quentel 1546, fol. 445. SIGNS USED IN THE MONASTERY OF SION. 415 election of Robert Bell as Confessor (on the death of Fishborne, the last Con fessor,) in Sept. 1428, and the names of the Sisters, Priests, and lay brethren are given : At that time Joan North was Abbess, Joan Sukelyng, Prioress. In Bishop Fitzhugh's Register, f.45, is the minute ofthe election of Matilda Muston as Abbess ofthe Monastery on the 5th Oct. 1433, which was confirmed by the Bishop of London on the 13th of that month. In Bishop Fitzjames' Register is the Bishop's confirmation of the election of John Trowell, 19th May, 1513, as Confessor-General ; and in 1519, a copy of a Papal Bull for exempting all the Monasteries from Episcopal Jurisdiction, appears inserted in the Register. Abbas. Make the sign for age and also for a woman. Aftirward. Meue thy fore fynger of thy right hand, vndir the litle fynger of thy lefte hande. Agied. Draw down thy right hande streght ouere thy heer. and ouere b' right ere. Ale. Make the sigrie of drynk and drawe thy hande displaied afore thyn eer dunwarde. Anone. Close thy ryght and holde up thy litill fynger1. Appull. Pvt thy thumbe in thy fiste Si close thy had and meue afore the to and fro. Awtere. Rysse the bak of thy right hand, and make aft a blissyng. Basyn1 or Chargeour1. Tvrne thy fore fynger' of thy right hand, in the palme of thy left hande. Bedde. Make the signe of an house, and put thy right hand vnder thy cheke. and close thyne een. Bedes. Fomell with thy right thombe vpon the forefynger . in maner1 of departyng of bedes in paier\ Belles. Make a sygii with both thy handes closed, liftyng vp and down in man? of rygig. Blissi'g. Make a signe of blissyng as a bisshop dotfi. Boke. Wagge and meve thy right hande in maner' as thou shulde turne the leues of a boke. Brede. Make with thy two thombes and two forefyngers a roude compas. And if thou wole haue white make the sign therof (of white*) And if brown toche thy cowll sleue. Brome. Swepe with thy operi had to and fro on thy left cowll sleue. Broder. Joyne to gidere sidelygf thy two fore fyngers. Buttur or other1 Fatnes. Draw thy two right upper1 fyngers to and fro on thy left palme. Bisshop1. Holde vp thy right haud streght ouere thy frout and hede. Candel. Make the sign of buttur. w* the sign fore day. * In the margin. 416 SIGNS USED DURING SILENCE Candelstyk. Joyn thy either' fist and holde the right ouer1 the lefte. Chalice. Holde up thy right th5be with thy ffyngers/ in ma ner' of berig of a cop. Chapt1hows. Make the sigh of a hows with the sign of disciplyne- Chau'ter. Make the [signe] of a preste with the sign aftir of Chese. Holde thy right hande flatlyngf in the palme of thy left. Chirch. Make the sign ofa hows and after make a benedicciouii. Chymy'g. Make a sign as if ye smote with a hamere. Cloister. Make a roude cercle. with your' right fore fynger1 toward the erthe. Clothe. Rvbbe vp and down the endes of all thy right fyngers vpon thy left. Colde. Make the sign of water tremblyng with thy had. or blowe oh b' fore fyger. Collectory. Make the sign of a boke and drawe thy fyngers to Y warde in man? of gaderyng. Co'fessio1. Make the sign of heryng and aftir ley your1 hand on youre breste. Corporas. Make the sigh of clothe, and after that a blessyng. Cuppe. Holde vp thy thombe and fyngers roude. as beryg a coppe. Day. or Light. Put thy right fore fynger streght vpon thyn egfi. Dekan1. Make the sign of a brother1 and aftir a crosse in your1 froiit. Dissh or Potynger'. Make a cercle with thy rigt forefynger in the myddes of thy left palme. Dortour. The sigh of a hows . with the sign for slepyng. Drynk. Bowe thy right fore fyngere . and put it on thy neder? lyppe. Egges. Make a token w' thy right fore fynger1 upon thy left thombe to and fro. as though thou shulde pill egges. Etyng. Pvt thy right thombe w* two fore fyngers joyned to thy mouthe. Epistolary. Make the signe of a boke . with a crosse on thy breste. Encence. Put thy two fyngers vnto thy two nose thirles. Fader. Joyne thy right thobe with his fore fynger to gider?. openly. Fysshe. Wagge thy hande displaied sidelynges, in maner1 of a fissh taill. Flesshe. Reyse vp with thy rigt fyngers. the skyfi of thy left hande. Girdell. Drawe thy fore fyngers of thy either1 hande roude about Y niyddell. IN THE MONASTERY OF SION. 417 Gode. Pvtte thy right thomb streght vnder nethe thy chynne. Gospeler. The sign of a boke. w' a crosse ori your' forehede with yor thombe. Glasse. Make the signe of a cuppe with the sign of rede wyne. Grayll. Make the sign of a boke bendyng thy fyngers vp and down in maner1 of gratyng. Ha'mer. Make a sign with thyn hand vp Si down as thou dide knokke. Hard. Putte thy right fiste ouere thy right ere. Heryng. Pvtte thy right fore fyger1. all the other closed. streght on b'ne ere. Hote. Holde the side of thy right fore fynger fast vrito thy mouth closed. House. Close thy fynger1 endes to gider1 vpward . and sprede them abrode donward in mail? of sparr^1. I wrote nevere. Meue esely thy fyngers of thy right hande. flatlyngf . and fro the/ and it serueth for Nay. I mysilf. Put thy right fore fyngere ende to thy breste. Inke. Make a signe with thy thombe and two fyngers closid as thou shulde write. Inough. Close thy fist to gider1 and holde vp thy thobe. and this may serue fori KNOW IT WELL. Kepyng. Putte thy right hande vnder' thy left armehole. Kerchyf. Make the sigrie for clothe with thy handes ouer' thy hede. Kyng. Pvt all thy fynger endes closed to gyder' on thy forehede. Knyfe. Drawe thy right hande sidelynges to Si fro thorugh thy left hande. Lay BRODr. Make the sign of a brodur. fa drawe b' thombe & two fyngers down ou? thy heer' and ere. Lesson'. Drawe thy forefyngere on lenght ouere thy brest/ & serueth also for Long. Licence. Lifte vp thy hande displaied afore b1 face, in esy mari?e. Litle. Bowe all thy fyngers and holde vp the lytle fynger'. Locutory. Make the sigh of a howse and the sign of spech. Man. Putte and holde thy berde in thy right hande. Masse. Make the sign of a blyssyng. Masboke. Make the sign for a boke and of a blyssyng. Milke. Drawe thy left litle fynger. in maner of mylkyng. Mvsterd. Holde thy nose in the vpper' parte of thy right fiste & rubbe it. Pere. Joyne all thy fyngers in lenght of thy right hande and wagge dou warde. 418 SIGNS USED DURING SILENCE Potenger'. Make a cercle in the ball of thy lefte hande wib the fore fynger' of thy right hande. Potage. Make a cercle with the fore fynger' of thy right hande in the palme of thy lefte hande. Preste. Make the sign of a brodr and put thy fore fyngr to thyne ere and breste . or els make a cercle berwith vpoii thyn hede. Pryuay or Reredortor1". Make the sign of a house, and stryke down thy right hande by thy clothes. Processio'. Make a cercle with thy fore right fynger towarde the groude. Quene. Make the sigh, of a woman, with the sign ofa croue on y forehede. Rede Colo'. Put thy fore fyngere to the rede place of thy cheke. Ryngi'g. Make a tokeri with thy fiste vp and down as thou shulde rynge. Salte. Philippe with thy rigt thombe & his forefynger ouer1 the left thombe. Sawser. Make a roude cercle in thy lefte palme with thy right litle fyng1'. Sawter. Make a sign for a boke with the sigri for a crown. Sensy'g. Meue thy right hande to and fro. as though thou shulde cense. Sexteyn. Make the sign of a brothere with the sigri for ryngyng. Silence. Put thy fore fynger' sidelyngf to thy mouthe Si drawe it vp and down. Sight kepyng. Make the sign of light with the signe for kepyng. Syngy'g. Bowe thy fyngers of thy right hande and meue them to and fro afore thy mouthe. Slepyng. Pvtte thy right hande vnder thy cheke and therewith close thyri een. Spekyng. Pvtte thy two forefynger' endes flatlyng vpon thy mouthe. Spone. Lifte sidelyngf vp and down thy thobe and ij . fyngers joyned in forme of takyg of potage. Standy'g. Meue thy hande esely vpwarde. Sudary. Rvbbe thy fynger' endes of thy right hande. vpon the endes of the lefte. Suster. Make the sigri of a woman, with the sigri of a brodur. Texte or Pax. Kisse the bak of thy lefte hande. with a crosse on thy breste with the right thombe. Vergeous. Drawe thy lefte fyngers ioyned with thy right fyngers. Vvneacre. Make the sigri of wyne and drawe thy forefynger' from thyne ere to thy throte. IN THE MONASTERY OF SION. 419 Warme. Pvtte thy fore fyngr faste vpon thy mouthe. Wasshy'g. Rvbbe thy right haude flatlyngf vpoii the bake of thy lefte hande. Water. Joyne thy fyngers of thy right hande Si meve them douwarde droppyngly. White. Drawe thy two right fyngers by thy cheke douwarde. Wyne. Meue thy fore fyngre vp and dowri. vpon the ende of thy thombe afore thy eghe. Woman. Drawe thy forefynger1 on lenght ouer1 thy both browes. Writyng. Make a sign with yor thre right fyngers as though ye wrote. Deo Gra'S : Prey for your1 thomas betsoii. WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. In Madox's " Formulare Anglicanum" occurs a feoffment in fee simple, by William de Walworth and William de Halden, citizens of London, to King Edward the Third, Simon de Sudbury Archbishop of Canterbury, John de Bokyngham Bishop of Lincoln, and Nicholas de Carreu, of messuages and land at Kingston upon Thames ; in Herviescroft without the bar of West Smithfield, where the great cloister of the Carthusians with the new cells is begun ; at Rochester; in the parish of St. Giles ofthe Lepers without the bar ofthe Old Temple in London, and at Leyton; in the parish of St. Andrew's Holborn; in St. John's Street without the bar of West Smithfield ; in a place called Le More in Shoreditch, and at Kentishtown : to have and hold to them and their heirs for ever by the services thence due and by law accustomed. Witnesses, John Duke of Lancaster, Edmund Earl of Cambridge, Dominus Thomas Wodestok, William Bishop of London, Ralph Bishop of Salisbury, Thomas Earl of War wick, William Earl of Salisbury, &c. Dated London, 23 Nov. 50 Edw. III. — And on 30 Nov. of the same year, the abovenamed Simon, John, and Nicholas, released the said lands and tenements to King Edward the Third and his heirs. A second Will of William de Walworth, relating to his property in the City of London, is dated on the same day as that already printed in page 1 38, viz. 20 Dec. 1385; and was proved at the Court of Hustings in London on the Monday after St. Hillary's, 9 Ric. II. by William Rykyll and Richard Warmyngton chaplain, on the testimony of William Askham* and Richard Radewell, who were present when it was made. By this instrument he bequeathed to Margaret his wife all his tenements, rents, &c. in London for life, on condition ofher providing five fit and respect able chaplains to celebrate mass in St. Michael's Crooked Lane, for his soul and the souls of John Lovekyn, his late master, and all the faithful defunct, and for the prosperity of the said Margaret : And after her death tenements in * William Askam, fishmonger, Mayor of London, 5 Hen. IV. 1404. — "This William Askam was prentys to William Walworth, sume tyme maire, that was prentys sum tyme with John Lovekyn ; and alle schirreves and meires ech after other in on house.'' — Chronicle of London 4to. 1827, p. 88-9. 420 WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. the parish of St. Peter's Cornhill, and also ten marks and five shillings of annual free and quit rent from tenements in St. Andrew's parish in Castle Baynard ward, to the Rector and Churchwardens of St. Michael's, and their suc cessors, for the same purpose; and if they failed in providing the said chaplains or any of them for one month, to the Prior and Convent ofthe house of Carthu sians near Smithfield, and their successors, for the like purpose; and in case of their default, his right heirs to re-enter and retain the said tenements and rent on condition of providing the said chaplains for ever, as they would answer before the Supreme Judge at the day of judgement. He also bequeathed to the Prior and Convent and their successors after the death of Margaret all his tene ments in the parish of St. Christopher's Broadstreet, except a mansion occu pied by Richard Sturdy, to pray for his soul and the souls of the said John and Margaret, and all the faithful defunct : the said mansion, and all the tenements, reversions and rents, except the tenements and rents bequeathed to the Prior and Convent, to be sold by his executors, and the money thence arising to be applied by them in works of charity for his soul, as they would answer, &c. He willed also that the feoffees who held any lands, tenements, rents, &c. for his use and profit, should give them to Margaret for her life ; the said lands, &c. to be sold after her decease and the money applied as aforesaid. And that the new tenement in the parish of St. Michael's, where by his ordination the rector and other chaplains then dwelt, should after the decease of Margaret remain to the rector aud churchwardens of St. Michael's and their successors for the dwelling of the rector for the time being and the said five chaplains and other chaplains, as then by him ordained : the said tenement or any part of it not to be converted to any other use, as the said rector and churchwardens would answer, &c. William Bp. of Winchester, Margaret his wife, William Rikyll, and Richard Warmyngton chaplain, executors. The date of Walworth's death has been inadvertently misprinted, from Weever, in page 135. It must have happened towards the end of Dec. 1385, or early in January 1386. A curious document occurs on the records in the Lord Treasurer's Remem brancer's Office in the Exchequer, in Easter term 11 Ric. II. by which it appears that Margaret, widow and executrix of William de Walworth, was pro ceeded against for a mitre which had been pledged to her husband by Alexan der Neville Archbishop of York, who afterwards becoming involved in political contests, incurred the penalty of forfeiture to the King, and -was banished in 1387. It will be sufficient merely to extract the King's writ under the great seal to the Treasurer and Barons of the Exchequer, dated 4 July, 12 Ric. II. The bill was delivered to the Court by William Rykeld, on the 20th of April 11 Ric. II. Margaret appeared by her attorney, William Hundegate, at the expiration of five weeks after Easter day. The Court took time for delibera tion, and appointed fifteen days from the day of the Holy Trinity next after, for the farther hearing ; and the cause was again postponed till fifteen days from St. John the Baptist, when Margaret delivered by her attorney the Writ afore said, of which the following is the purport. " Forasmuch as William Rykeld, one of our Serjeants of the pleas, lately delivered before you in the Exchequer a bill stating that a mitre which belong ed to Alexander, late Archbishop of York, was pledged by him to the late William de Walworth about the feast of All Souls in our ninth year, for £193. 6s. 8rf.; that the mitre was worth much more, and that it still remained in the custody of Margaret, widow and executrix of the said William, for the money aforesaid, and belongs to us by reason of the forfeiture of the Arch bishop : And afterwards the said Margaret by process issued against her ap peared before you in the Exchequer ; and protesting that she knew not that the value ofthe mitre exceeded the sum of £193. 6s. 8d. asserted that the mitre was pledged long before the forfeiture, viz. on the feast of All Souls in our WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. 421 ninth year, on condition that if the Archbishop should repay the sum aforesaid on the feast ofthe Purification then next following, the mitre should be returned to him ; otherwise the said William should keep it to himself and his executors for ever without claim of the Archbishop or his executors ; and that neither the Archbishop, nor any one in his name, ever paid the money or any part of it, wherefore she trusts that we will not molest or trouble her for the mitre or price aforesaid : And because, after diligent examination of the matter and process, and the circumstances, by the consent and advice of our council it was ordained and agreed that Margaret should have the mitre for the said sum of £193. 6s. Sd. and pay to us ten marks, which at the least the mitre is worth more than it was pledged for : We command that on payment to us of the ten marks the process against the said Margaret be superseded, and that she on that account be exonerated and acquitted." The attorney having shown that the ten marks were paid by tally 6 July 11 Ric. II. the Barons directed that Margaret, with respect to the mitre and the price of the same, and the ten marks aforesaid, should be exonerated and acquitted. Testaments Willi de Walleworth militis. In dei noie Amen Ego Wills de Walleworth miles ciuis londori condo testfri meu quo ad laicum feodum in hunc modum In primis lego Margarete vxi mee oia ten redditus reuisiones & seruicia mea cu oib3 suis ptih que heo in Ciuitate londori. hend Si tenend pfato Margarete ad term! vite sue inueniendo eadem Margareta tota vita sua quinq idoneos capellanos & honestos diuina celebratur in ecclia sci Michis in le Crokedlane londori p aia mea Si aiab3 Johis louekyn nup Magri mei Si oim fideliu defunctoii Si p. bono statu eiusdem Margarete dum vix?it Item volo Si lego qd post decessum eiusdem Margarete oia ilia ten mea sup Corneriu exoppoito le ledenhail in pochia sci petri de Cornehuil ac eciam decern marcatas 8c quinq solidat1 annui libi Sc quieti reddi t9 exeunt1 de teri Willi Shrympulmerssh" Si Radi atte Swych Johis Colney Si Alicie Potenhale in poch sci Andree in Warda Baynardecastel londori remaneant Rectori dee ecclie sci MicKis fa Custody opis eiusdem ecclie hend Si tenend 6>dca teri in p>dca pochia sci Petri ac eciam p>dcm red- ditum decern marcaij Si quinq solidoif Rectori 81 Custody ecclie sci Michis prilee Sc successor^ suis qui p tempe fuerint ad inueind quinq ydoneos capellanos diuina celebratur' in dca ecclia sci Micfiis p aia mea Si aiab^ dcoi* Jdh\s louekyn & Mar garete Si oim fideliu defunctoif Et si dei Rector sci Michis Sc Custodes seu eon successores in inuencione dcoii capellanoij. seu alicuius eoij diuina in eadem ecclia sci Micfiis celebratur1 post decessum eiusdem Margarete p vnu mensem defefiint in forma p>dca extunc volo Si lego qd oia p>dca teri 81 redditus in p>dcis pocfi sci Petri Si sci Andree cum oiriib3 suis ptin remaneant Priori Si Conuentui Cartus dom9 salutacois bte Marie virginis iuxta Smytfifeld londori 8c successor^ suis ad inueniend p>dcos quinq Capellanos diuina celebratur' in dca ecclia sci Micfiis p aia mea 81 aiab3 dcoij. Jofiis 81 Margarete Sc oim fideliu defuctoi* Et si dei Prior fa Conuentus seu eoi< successores in inuencione 2 F 422 WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. dcoii capellanoir seu alicui9 eoi< diuina in eadem ecclia sci Mi cfiis celebratur1 p vnu mensem defeEint in forma prilca extunc bene liceat rectis her' meis in dcis teri Sc redditib3 in dcis pocfi sci Petri 8c sci Andree reintrare 8c ilia retinere sibi & her1 suis inueniendo imppetuu quinq capellanos ydoneos diuina celebra- ¦ tur1 in dca ecclia sci Micfiis X} aia mea Sc aiab3 dcoij Jofiis Sc Margarete Sc oim fideliu defunctoij. put respondere voluerint coram suirio iudice in die Judicij Item lego p>fatis Priori Sc Conuentui & eoij. successorib3 post decessu eiusdem Margarete oia teri mea que fieo in pocfi sci xpofori in vico de Bradestrete londori quadam mansione cu ptin in qua Ricus Sturdy modo infiitat in eadem pochia sci xpofori except1 ad orand

dca cum oib3 suis gtiii except1 p>dcis teri Sc redditib3 in prilcis pocfi sci Petri sci Andree fa sci xpofori p>fatis Rectori 8c Custodib3 Sc Priori Si Conuentui in forma p>dca legat1 post decessum p>dce Margarete p executores meos seu p eo2f executores vendanf" Si peccunia inde recepta meliori modo quo scivfiint p_ aia mea in opib3 cari- tatis def 8i expendaf ;put coram suirio iudice in die Judicij voluerint respondere Item volo qd oiries illi feoffati qui fient aliqua terras teri reddit9 8i reii?siones ad vsum Si pficuu meu dent & concedant oia p>dca terras teri 8c reuisiones {race Marga rete ad term! vite sue Ita qd post decessum eiusdem Margarete oia p>dca terr1 teri 8c reuisiones remaneant executorib3 meis & eoi} heredib3 ad vendend p eosdem executores meos Item volo qd ijdem executores mei post decessum dee Margarete vendant {Mea terf ten 8c reii?siones sic ptfate Margarete dand p p>dcos feoffat' meliori modo quo sciu?int & pecuniam inde receptam p aia mea in opib3 carit' distribuant 8c expendant Item voloqd illud nouu teri in p'dca pochia sci Micfiis vbi rector eiusdem ecclie 8c alij capellani p ordinacoem meam modo infiitant/ post deces sum dee Margarete remaneat Sfatis Rectori dee ecclie sci Mi cfiis 8c Custodib3 eiusdem ecclie Sc eoij successorib3 p fiitacoe Rectoris dee ecclie sci Micfiis qui p tempe fuiit fa dcoif quinq capellanoif 8c alioij capellanoi} ^ut modo p me ordinatu est & diuisum. Et volo qd illud nouu teri nee aliqua pcella eiusdem non v'tat' nee ponatr ad aliquem aliu vsum nisi solomodo p_ fiita coe dcoi} Rectoris Sc capellanoii in forma supadca |>ut coram suirio iudice ijdem Rector Sc Custodes eiusdem ecclie sci Micfiis volu?int respondere Et rogo dcos feoffat' meos vt istam vlti- mam voluntatem meam pimpleant sine fraude. Hui9 autem testi mei constituo Wiftm Epm Wyntori dcam Margaretam vxem meam Wiilm Rykyll fa Ricm Warmyngton capellanu executores meos ad pimplend Sc pficiend vltimam voluntatem meam In cui9 rei testimoniu huic p>senti testamento meo sigil- lum meu apposui Dat' vicesimo die Decembr Anno regni Regis Rici scdi nono. WILLIAM DE WALWORTH. 423 London. D.Margareta que fuit ux Willi Walleworth nup Civis Londori Executr1 Testi ejusde Willi attach ad respond & satisfaciend Regi de quoda, mitro quod fuit Alexi Archiepi Eboii eidem Wilimo invadiato p C,^x,. xiij ti. vjs. viij.d. Ricus Dei gra Rex Angl fa Franc Sc Dhs Hifin Thes 8c Ba- ronib3 suis de sccaio saltm. Cum Williris Rykeld unus Svientu iiroii ad plita nup coram vofi in scc"io p^co lifiafit quandam billam continentem qct quoddam mitrii quod fuit Alexi nup archiepi Eboi} invadiatu fuit p pfatu nup archiepm Wilimo de Walleworth nup Civi London in vita prilci Willi videlt circa fm Oim scoif anno regni riri nono p Centu St quaEviginti 81 tresdecim libris sex solid 81 octo denar quos pticus nup archie pus a pfato Wilimo recepit Sc qd mitrii p'dcm in valore multu excedit sumam pdcam -f qdq mitrii p'dcm adhuc remanet in cus todia 8t possessione Margarete que fuit ux ©dei Willi execu- tricis testi ejusdem Willi p denariis p>dcis 8c ad nos ptinet occone forisfcure |?dci nup archiepi SubsequenPq p>fata Margareta p pcessum coram vob in scc4o p'dco v'sus ipam in hac pte fem/ coram vob in eode sccaio comparens jitestando qd non cognovit pdem mitru in nullo excedere valorem pdcoif Centu Sc qua?- viginti Si tresdecim libraij. sex solidoi} Si octo denaf asseruiit qd diu ante forisfeuram p>dci nup archiepi videlt in festo Oim scoij anno regni riri nono in vita p>dci Willi p'dcm mitru eidem Wiilo p p~>fatu nup Archiepm invadiatu fuit p suiria p>dca sub condicoe qd si idem nup Archiepus solfet p>fato WiHo suiharn p>dcam in festo Purincacois fie Marie tunc ,px seqii ¦f tunc idem nup archiepus refieret p'dcm mitru alioquin ide Williris fieret mitru p'dcm sibi 8c execut1 suis imppiri/ absq calumpnia Sdci nup archiepi seu executoij suoiir" qdqf?dcus nup archiepus nee aliquis alius noie suo unqam solvit pdcam suiriam nee aliquem denariu suirie p>dce p quod non intendit qd nos ipam Margaretam p mitro prilco seu p>cio ejusd occonare seu impetire velimus -f Et quia visis Sc diligent examinatis coram nob Sc consilio iiro matia Si .pcessu p>dcis ac circumstan- ciis eoijdemr' de assensu fa avisamento ejusdem consilii riri ordi nate existit 8c concordats qd p>dca Margareta mitru fdem p p>dcis Centu 8c quafviginti Sc tresdecim libris sex solidis Sc octo denar Here 8c nob decern marcas quas mitrii p'dcm ulta dcos Centu Si qua?vigint 8c tresdecim libr sex solidos 8i octo denarios dumtaxat valet & excedit solfe deb Vob mandam9 qd satisfco nofi de decern marcis p>dcis ¦f cuicumq ^cessui fsus^ ipam Mar garetam occone f?dca in scc4o p>dco ulEius faciend supse- deri -f fa ipam inde ad idem sccam exorilari 8c quietam esse fac1. T. me ipo apud Westifi iiij'0 die Julii anno r 5 duodecimo ¦f p consiliii. 424 WILL OF ALICE DE NERFORD, WIFE OF SIR THOMAS DE NERFORD, AND AFTERWARDS OF JOHN BARON NEVILLE OF ESSEX. Alice de Nerford, the testatrix, was the wife of Sir Thomas de Nerford, who died 18 Edw. III. 1344. Their son and heir, Sir John de Nerford, died 37 Edw. III.; and by the inquisition taken upon his death in the following year, it appears that he left a daughter and heir, Margery, the individual mentioned in the Will of the testatrix, and who, by an inquisition taken on the death of the said Alice de Nerford in 1394,(18 Ric. II.) was found to be her heir and then 32 years of age. The designation of Dame de Neville is explained by the circum stance of her marriage on the death of Sir Thomas de Nerford with John de Neville de Essex, summoned to Parliament from the 9th to the 22nd of Edward III. and who died 32 Edw. III. 1358, leaving William, son of John Seymour, his cousin and next heir, who was then twenty-one years of age. This person by a typographical error in Dugdale is called William Senior, and all subsequent writers have followed the mistake. John de Neville was son of Hugh Neville, and had livery of his lands, and did homage for the same 9 Edw. III. Dug dale considers him to have descended from Hugh de Neville, Warden and Justice of the King's Forests throughout England, 8 Hen. III. and who found ed the Priory of Stoke Courcy in Devonshire. He was probably a member of the illustrious house of Neville, described by the historian of Durham as the " stately branching cedar whose boughs once shadowed the land," though his arms were very different, being Azure a Lion rampant Or. ' Testamentu Dne Alesie Nerford, Dne de Nevill de Essex. [E Registro Episcopi Braybrooke, fol. 406b — 7a.] En noun de Pier Sc de Fiz Sc de Seint Espiriz . Amen. Jeo Aleise de Nerford Dame de Neuift Dessex' fa sau? a tous q en ma bone memoire face 8c ordeigne mou testament diuise 8r ma darrein voluntee en la maner1 quensuist . Primerement ie donne Si recomande lalme de moi a mou creator fire |r ifiu Crist/ a la douce virgine sa miere et a toute la compaignie de ciel Et eliz sepulture a mou corps en labbeie de Bylegfi deinz la Chapell de seint Ka?ine a destre pt bas de mou Sshon'able f Monf Jofin de Nevill q Dieu assoille pr sa rriicie Et ma volunte est q mou en?remet soit fait sanz faire gandes costages . Item ma volunte est dauer CCC. messes pr malme 8c pur touz almes xpiens deinz xv iors a|?s mou deptir de cest mounde Item ie deuise pr doner as 1 Roll of Arms temp. Edw. III. 8vo. 1829, p. 6. where he is called " Mon- sire le Nevill d'Essex ;" and the same coat is attributed to his father, " Sire Hugh de Neyvile," in a similar Roll, temp. Edw. II. p. 9. WILL OF ALICE DE NERFORD. 425 poures le iour de mou en?rement lx. s. Item ieo deuise al abbe de Bylegfi xx.s. et a chescun Chanoigne illoeqes vj. s. viij.d. Item ieo deuise al gaund auter de lesglise de seint Xpofre xl. s. Item ieo deuise al gand autere de chescune esglise ou ie su pa- tronesse vj. s. viij. d. Item ie deuise as Freres Cariri de Maldori xiij.s. iiij.d. Item as freres de Chelmesford xiij.s. iiij.d. Item as freres Menors de Colcestr' xiij. s. iiij. d. Item as freres Austyns de Clare xiij. s. iiij. d. Item ieo deuise a mou ?scfi |r 81 cousine Monf Jofin de Cobehamj hanape oue corBcle d'argent dorr1 police des herous poples 8c signees Si a ma ?samee dame sa compaigne ieo deuise mes Pa? nr' Dambre que ie vse mesmes Sc .j. anel dor oue .j. diamant Item ieo deuise a Margfre de Ner ford tout ma Chapele entier quatre basyns dargent oue iiij ewers dargent ij hanapes oue cou?cles dargent dorrez lune chace a long pee &r le eawer de mesme la suite/ lautre hanap est poucee des egles Item iiij hanapes oue lour cou?cles dargent 8c j petit eawer dargent/ j box pr poudres dargent dorre et ij plates pur espices dargent as armes de Nerford oue j esquiler dargent Item ij chargeors dargent xxiiij esqules dargent Si xij saucers dargent/ ij pottes dargent conteignant chescune j potell/ iij salers dargent lune oue coificle/ vj peces playnes dargent vj esquilers dargent dorrez et vne dozzeine dez esquilers darg' j basyn oue lauor de quiuere/ vj napes dount iij del oeulage de Parys et lez autres de Denaut iiij towailes de mesme la suyte et iij courtz towailles. Item j cou?lit de soie palee j cou?tor de Grys et j autre de Menyuer/ et ij corSlitz oue ij testures de double Worstede/ Sc tout le remenaiit de ma chambre forpris j cou?lit diuise a Cristi- ane Ipstans. Item j g"nd paille & tout entier lez hostielmentz de ma cusyne. Item ie deuise au dee Margfre de Nerford touz mez biens et chateux vifs Si mortz q ie ay en mou Manoir de Panewortfi en Norff1 le ior de mou trespasse Item ieo deuise a Clement Spice vne hanape oue coutele le quele il me donast de sa mayn gpre. Item ieo deuise a f William Bergfi vj esquellez dargent & vj sauciers dargent vn saler dargent j hanape oue j leopard oue coutele dargent Si j spiceplate dargent. Item ieo diuise a Agneys ma damoisele . xl.s. p1' sou bone s'uice. Item ieo diuise a Cristiane Ipstans pr sou bone s'uice Cent sold, et j . couJlit oue testure blank poudre oue popeniayes Item ieo 426 WILL OF ALICE DE NERFORD. diuise a Drewe Sakeuyil pr sou bone s'uice 1. s. Et voille q touz mez s'uantz demrrantz ouesq moi en mou houstiel soient re- wardez solone le temps 81 le bone s'uice qils ount fait a moi g lauyse de mez execute's le residue de touz mez biens et chateux ap's mes dettes paiez et acomplicement de cest mien testament ieo diuise a Marg?ie de Nerford et ly prie qele face pr lalme de moi come ele verra pluis plere a Dieu 81 faire pfit a malme. De cest mien p>sen testament 81 ma darreine volunte ie face et or deigne mez execute's cestassau? | William atte Bergfi psone de lesglise de seint Xpofr1 en Loundres/ Clement Spice & Jankyn Aleyn de Boxford Et ma volunte est q lauantdit f William de Bergfi eit pr sou fuaille au pfotrir cest darrein diuise .x. marcz et le dit Clement .x. marcz et lau^tdit Jankyn Aleyn. lx.s. pr sou tauaill En tesmoignance de quele chose a cest mou p'sent tes tament et darrein yoluntee iay mys mou seal de mez armes Dori a Loundres le xxj jour del moys de Marcz Ian del Incar- nacion nre |r M'.ccc. Nonaunt tierce Et Ian du regne le Roi Richard scde bisseptime. The Will was proved in the Consistory Court of the Bishop of London 31 May 1394, by Sir William Bergh, Rector of the Church of St. Christopher, in the city of London, Clement Spice, and John Aleyn of Boxford, the execu tors; and on the 12th of August following, tbe acquittance ofthe Bishop was issued to the said executors, who on their accounts having been examined, were found to have duly administered and converted to the pious uses directed by the Will, the effects of the testatrix which had come into their hands. 427 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. Page 4. Grammar Schools in London. In the introduction to the article on this subject, notice should have been taken of a petition which was presented to Parliament in the 25th of Hen. VI. from four clergymen, (Maister William Lycchefeld' p'son of the parish chirche of All' halowen the more in London', Maister Gilbert p'son of Seint Andrewe in Holebourne suburbs of the saide citee, Maister John Cote p'son of Seint Petre in Cornhull' of London, and John Neell' Maister ofthe hous or hospitall' of Seint Thomas of Acres and p'son of Colchirche in London') praying the Commons to consider the great number of Grammar Schools which had formerly existed, how few they had become, and the injury which had consequently ensued. The petitioners then stated various reasons why it was expedient there should be several such schools in London, " and good enfourrners in gramer, and not for the singuler availl of ij or iij persones, grevously to hurte the multitude of yonge peple of all this lond." They therefore prayed to be allowed each to establish in his own parish a grammar school " to teche to all that will lerne." The King assented, provided it were done by the advice of the Ordinary, or of the Archbishop of Canterbury, for the time being. Rot. Pari. v. 137. In the 17 Ric. II. 1393, the Archbishop of Canterbury, the Bishop of Lon don, the Dean of St.Martiu's Ie Grand, and the Chancellor of St. Paul's, " who by the spiritual law and custom had the regulation and examination of masters of certain schools of the faculty of grammar in the city of London," petitioned the King, that notwithstanding their privileges, some incompetent strangers had become masters of grammar in London without their knowledge or consent; and they proceeded to state that the masters of the schools of St. Paul's, of the Arches, and of St. Martin, had prosecuted the said strange masters in the Ec clesiastical Court according to the law of Holy Church ; but the strange masters had proceeded against the three authorized masters in the King's Secular Court, in order that they might keep their schools, without the consent of the peti tioners, by which the proceedings in the Ecclesiastical Court had been interrupted. The petitioners therefore prayed the King to issue his letters under the Privy Seal to the Mayor and Aldermen of London, commanding them not to interfere in the suits in question. Rot. Pari. iii. 324. — The King's answer is not stated. P. 8. Letter prom Edward Earl of March and the Earl of Rut land, to their father the Duke of York, in 1454. In the remarks on that letter, the common error is committed with respect to the age of the Earl of Rutland, as he is there stated to have been about six years of age in 1454. The fact is, that the Earl of Rutland was then just eleven, and must have been in his eighteenth year when assassinated in December 1460 ; for, according to the Annals of William of Worcester, he was born at Rouen, at 7 p. m. on Mon day, 17 May 1443. The mistake which has prevailed on this subject was first pointed out in the Gentleman's Magazine by that industrious antiquary the Rev. Joseph Hunter, a few years since, who has shown that the statement of William of Worcester is corroborated by other authorities. A History of the Royal Family, with a correct account of their births, marriages, and deaths, is still a desideratum in historical literature. P. 87. Privy Purse Expenses of Henry VII. The original manuscript of these accounts is now in the possession of Sir Thomas Phillipps, Bart. P. 157. Swynford Pedigree. The following addition to the Swynford Pedigree is made from the information of John Gage, Esq. Direct. S.A. whose family represents one branch of that of Swynford in consequence of the sub joined descent, as representative of the Rokewoods. "John de Rokewode, living in 1414, married Eleanor, eldest daughter* and coheir of William de Burgate, of Burgate in Suffolk, son and heir of Piers de * Margery, second daughter and coheir of William de Burgate, was wife of Sir Robert de Swynforde ; and Joan, the youngest daughter and coheir, married Sir Walter Tyrell. Prosapia Rokewodorum MS. 428 ADDENDA ET CORRIGENDA. Burgate, who was son and heir of Baldwin de Burgate, by Margaret only child of Robert de Swynford and Margaret his wife. "William de Burgate beforementioned died in 1409, and lies buried in Burgate church. His wife was Elizabeth daughter of Thomas Vis-de-lou. " In 1425, John Hobert, parson of Burgate, gave seisin to William son of John de Rokewode, of the Manor of Swynford in Huntingdonshire. " The seal of William de Rokewode, appendant to two deeds dated in 1440, bears quarterly 1 and 4, Rookwood; 2. Burgate; 3. Swynford, viz. Crusile, a chevron between three boars' heads couped. The same arms appear on his monument in Staningfield church ; and his arms, impaling Coggeshall, are on the font in Burgate church. "The Rookwood pedigree, compiled by one of the family in 1623, blazons Swynford, Argent, Crusile a chevron between three boars' heads couped Gules." It does not appear in what way Sir Robert Swynford was related to the parties mentioned in pp. 156, 157; but the similarity ofthe arms proves that there must have been some connection between them. P. 81. The Greek Fire. By the following extract from the Pipe Roll 6 Ric. I. (Lond. and Middl.) it appears that the use of this formidable instru ment of destruction was introduced in this country in 1 1 94-5 by King Richard the First, who doubtless had witnessed its efficacy and acquired the secret of its composition during his crusade in Palestine. " Pro carriandis targiis et quarellis et pilettis et igne greco a. Lond. usque Notingeham, vj.s. vj.d. Et pro carriandis cordis et ferro et aliis necessariis a Lond. ad Notingeham ad paranda ibidem ingenia, vj.s. Et pro garbis ferri emptis et liberatis Urrico ingeniatori ad facienda negocia regis, vj.s. Et Urrico ingeniatori lxx.s. vij.d. pro ij. carrectatis cordarum ad preparanda ingenia apud Notingham. Et Helye carpentar. viij.s. ad ingenia et suppellectilia sua carrianda a Lond. usque Notingeham. Et in carriagio j. petrarie et j. mangu- nelli a Windr' usque Notingeham, iiij.li. vj.d." Page 11, line 7 from bottom, read Ific. 1 3, line 22, after " on the 1 3th " add " of June." 24, 25. The letter y is used for \> in Stratforye and Oxeforye. 25, line 1 , read anameled ; 2, canib3 ; 6, rubeu ; 7 & 8, medietate ; 13, Galfro. 29, line 4 from bottom, read copied from the Lansdowne MS. N°- 285. 37, lines 12 & 14, read Gesein.— P. 47, last line, read jugi? 66, 67. z is put for j in the extract from Robert'of Gloucester. 81. The last line may perhaps be better translated thus: "Many a wound in the world, O God ! had he received." 113, line 6, for " his two sons" read " his three sons." 123, line 22, read Connyngsby.— P. 135, line 28,/or 1383 read 1385. 171, line i,for Rivers read Wydeville. 173, line 2, read Vasqs.— P. 177, line 7 from bottom, read aftre. 197, line 5, read sewith.— line 6, dele comma after " Scales." 21 2, note, read Fabyan's account of the second day's combat is as follows. 277, line 3, for Er'a read fra. 289, line 1, read Master Ponynges. — P. 295, line 6,read Freston. INDEX OF MATTERS. Abergavenny Castle, Sir E. Neville expel led from, 6, 7 . descent and tenure, ibid. Abingdon, Abbey of, 145. Agincourt, Battle of, 29. Aigue-Morte, 266. Ambassadors of King John, 397.400, 401. AngoulSme, Charles, Count of, 1496. library, &c. 344. Anne, Lady, of Cleves, her marriage, 293. Will, 295-302. Funeral, 295. 303. Anointing at the Coronation — Richard III. and his Queen unclothed from the middle upwards, 381. Anthelraus, Bp. of Bellay, Prayers, 349. Antony, St. house and hospital of, 375. Appatysed, explained, 38. Aqueduct, formed by Henry III. at West minster, 404. Archduke, money lent to, 132, 133. Architricline, 231. Arms, Justing on a controversy respecting, 89. See Nobility, Standards, and Heralds. Arms of many eminent persons temp. Hen. VIII. 51.163, 314. Army, allowance for bringing forces to the, in Wales, 401. See Ordinances. Artillery of Count of Angouleme, ] 496. 344. 352. Ascalon ceded, and retaken, 76. Aumuce, part of the dress of canons, 352. Aye, a lady of Avignon, 345. Badges of eminent persons, 161. Balistae cornuae, crossbows, 22, 23. a Sa racen employed to make, 395. Band, or Badge, of St- George, 29. 34. Banners, notices of, 50. 72. See Standards, Pennons, Streamers, and Guidons. Barteteur, or Barrator, 31. Bastard of Burgundy, Count de la Roche, biography of, 172,173. See Tourna ment.— alluded to, 216. 219. 225. 240. Bastardy, not disgraceful, 172. Bath, Knights of. See Knights. Battle on an appeal of high treason, 391. Beaufort, Cardinal, bequests of, 43, 44. 46. his death, 44. See Lancaster. Begger Alien Priory, Yorkshire, 151. Beheading after the manner of Paris, 264. Bere. See Crucifix. Bergavenny. See Abergavenny. Berwick-on-Tweed burnt, 1 42. Bible, MS. 136. Biddenden females, 251. Bishops, &c. permitted to sell corn by the horseload, 398. Bishops of Ely and London, permitted to come to King John, 399. Boleyn, Anne, Lord Rochford and others, execution of, their speeches, &c. 260. Bonfire (the King's) on Midsummer eve, 94. 96. 103.108. 112.116 Ms, 132,133. Boothe, Bishop, satirical verses on, 357. Bouton, Philip de, combat with T. de la Lande, 213.215, 216. challenge, 220. Bretaillez, Louis de, combat with Sir John de Chassa, 213— 216. his chal lenge, 216. a prisoner wrongfully de tained from him, 214, 215. Bridget, St., order of, 414. Burgundy, Duchess of, widow of Philip, treated respecting the marriage of Prin cess Margaret, 224. their first inter view, 229. notices of, 231. 235. Burgundy, Charles Duke of, notices re specting, 223 — 226. See Marriage. Caboch£, explained, 351. Calais, Rysebank, Guisnes and Hammes, Garrisons at, temp. Hen. V. 25—27. Capellus ferri, chapel de fer, 22, 23. Castendet, Johan de, petition to Henry VI. to pass out of England, 214. Castle and various animals, a piece of mechanism, 1468. 236. Casula explained, 398. Cendal, banners made of, 72. Challenges. See Tournament. Chamber, the term explained, 249. Chamfron, explained, 209. Chapel, a peculiar sense of, 341. 425. Chariot temp. IC. John, 400. Chassa, Sir John de, combat with Louis de Bretaylles, 213—216. answer to the challenge of Louis, 218. Clerks. See Religious. Cloos, Bishop, grant of arms to, 362. 364. Close Rolls of King John, extracts from, 293. Cocks at Shrovetide, 93. Coinage, order relating toby K.John, 395. College at St. Michael's, Crooked lane, 135, 136. Convention between Prince Edward and Louis IX. respecting the Crusade, 266. Cordyal, translation by Earl Ryvers, 245. Corn sold by Bishops, &c. 398. Coronation of King Richard III. 379. Counters, used in calculations, 94. Crossbows, made by a Saracen, 395. See Balistae. Crosset men, 96. 104. Croukehorne, Dr., vision seen by, 290. Crucifix for the King's Chapel at Bere, 394. Crusade. See Convention, Massoura. Letters of Protection. Cuirbouly, or Courbuly, explained, 208. 2g 430 INDEX OF MATTERS. Danish Ambassadors, 102 lis. 109. Darell, Sir Marmaduke, letter of, 17, 18. Denizenship, expense of letters of, 14. Devils, or Spirits of the air, 234. Disguisings. See Revels, Misrule. Domicellus, and Domicella, 154. Dorset, Thomas, letter of news, 1537, to the Mayor of Plymouth, 289. Douglas, James of, reply to Richard II.'s complaint of infraction of the treaty with Scotland, 142. Dragon, standard of Henry the Third, 404. Dunmas, Castle of, custody of given to the Earl of Pembroke, 401 . Durham, Prior of, bond to W. de Wal worth, 137. 139. Eagle, signet of, used by Henry VI. 280. Edward I., convention, when Prince, with Louis IX. respecting the Crusade, 266 — 274. attempted assassination, 274, 275. preparations for his coro nation, 276, 277. ordinance for com promise between the Bishop and Prior, and Citizens of Norwich, 253. EdwardIV.,shootingtacklefor, 11. grants permission for the tournament, 1467, 179. 189. 191. conspiracy against, 1470. 282. licence to two Greeks to collect a benevolence, 392. Will, 366. Effigies of criminals executed out of the proper jurisdiction, hungup as their re presentatives, 22. Eggecote, manor of, 117, 118. Eleanor, Queen, her sucking the poison from her husband's wound fabulous, 274. Elizabeth of Hainault, Will of, 23. Elizabeth.Queen of Edw IV.171. 178,179. Eton College, commissions to impress ar tificers, &c. for building, 43. 46. relics granted to, 43.47. bequest of Cardinal Beaufort, 44. grant of arms to, 44, 45. 47 ; and to Roger Keys for his services in erecting it, 45, 49. indulgence and par don granted by the Pope to persons duly visiting, 281. Exchequer, proceedings against Margaret Walworth for a mitre pledged by the Archbishop of York, 420. 423. Fanon, the term explained, 341. Fecknam, Dr., Abbot of Westminster, no tices of, 295. 305. 307. 309 — 311. his funeral sermon on Anne of Cleves, 312. Fitz Gerald, Thomas, Prior of Kilmayn, grant of reversion to in Ireland, 388. Fool, the King's, called the " Duke of Lancaster," 90, 91. payments to fools, 88. 90-92.95 bis. 96. 100. 106. 118. 119 Ms. 124. 132. Foyne, the term explained, 209. France, Court of, 1516, letter of news, 287—289. Frank, Sir John, Master of the Rolls, grants to, 146, 147. grant to Thomas, son of William, 151. Friars fed at Farnham by King John, 394. Friars of Inde, 105. 113. Funeral of the Lady Anne of Cleves, offi cial account of, 295, 303 — 313. ser. mon preached by Dr. Fecknam, 312. Galley captured temp. K. John, 396. Gardebras, explained, 209. Garrisons of Calais, &c. temp. H. V., 26. Gerfalcons bought for King John, 395. Gesein, Gesine, childbed, 37. 428. Gipciere, a purse, 148. Gloucester, Eleanor, Duchess of, 278. Golden Fleece, Order of, its origin, 229. Good Lord, a term used for the Sacrament, 260. 382. Goose-quill, pipe of that size permitted from the King's aqueduct, 404. Grammar-Schools in London, suit against masters of grammar who had setup with out the consent of the Archbishop, &c. 427. ordinance of Henry VI. relative to, 1446. 4. petition to Parliament, 1447, to establish a grammar-school, 427. Greeks, licensed to collect a benevolence to redeem their hostages, 1467. 392. Greek Fire, its composition and history, 81 ; used in England temp. Ric. I. 428. Gresse time, probably grass time, 353, 354. Guydons, or Guidehommes, 51. Hanging on the nearest oak, of persons who should wrong the religious, 400. Haseley, Thomas, petition to Henry VI. 144, 145. grants to him, ibid. Haute, Wm. marriage settlement of, 249. Henry III. mandate relating to the Will of W. de Longespee, 68. to the Bishop of Norwich to withdraw an interdict under which he had laid the city, 252. to sheriffs to summon knights and freeholders for inquests, ibid, to the Treasurer of the Exchequer to pay Ser jeants at arms arrears of wages, 267. letters of protection to persons who ac companied Prince Edward in the Cru sade, 271 — 274. mandate for cloth to make copes, and for a standard of a dragon at Westminster, 404. Henry IV. certificate of the legitimacy of Sir T. Swynford, 157, 158. con firmed the patent of legitimacy to the Beauforts, reserving the Royal dignity, and inserted the reservation on the Pa tent Roll, 152, 153. agreement be tween and George Earl of March, 386. Henry V. ordinances for government of the Army, 28. vindication of his cha racter, ibid, grants by to Thomas Haseley, 146. order to provide ship ping for the Prior of Kilmainham and his forces, 388. Henry VI. order of, relating to quarrel of the Neville family, 1. wardship grant ed to the Earl of Suffolk, 3. ordi nance relative to Grammar-schools in London, 4. assents to a petition to establish a Grammar-school, 427. commands to expel Sir E. Neville from the Castle of Abergavenny, 6, 7. warrant, &c. for creating J. Judde Master of the Ordnance, 10. com- INDEX OF MATTERS. 431 missions for impressment of artificers, &c. for building Eton College, 43. 46. grant of relics to the College, 43. 47. grants of arms to the College, and to Roger Keys, clerk, 44, 45. 47 — 49. grant of arms to St. Nicholas or King's College, Cambridge, 362. to Nicho las Cloos (afterwards Bishop), ib. 364. grants to Thomas Haseley of an an nuity, a corrody, and the collectorship of the tax on pilgrims, 144, 145. grants to John Frank of office of Master of the Rolls, 146, 147. New Year's Gifts by, in 1437, 148. grant of money found in a parsonage, to the incumbent, 150. satirical verses relating to political par ties and events in his reign, 159. 279. 357 — 361. his badge or cognizance, 162. petition of Johan de Castendet granted by, 214. letters to the Chancellor, to par don Thomas Kerver, convicted of treason, 280 ; and to command the constable of Wallingford Castle to deliver him from prison, 390. his signet of the eagle, 280. grant to Thomas Fitz Gerald, prior of Kilmayn, 388. warrant to the Sheriffs of London relating to a battle upon an appeal of high treason, 391. allusions to, 357. 359. 360, 361. obit kept for, 92. Henry VII. the lineal heir of John of Gaunt, 153. 156. extracts from his . Privy Purse expenses, 1491 to 1505, 85 — 133. 427. remarks on their con tents, and on his personal character, 85. his expedition into France, 1492, 91, 92, 93. 95. his proceedings against Perkin Warbeck, 114. journey from Greenwich to Calais and back, 124. his tomb, 125. 127. 129. reason for disbelieving his sharing the money le vied by the Pope for indulgences, 128. his Chapel at Westminster, 129 bis. Henry VIIL address to the House of Commons, 1537, 292. marriage to Lady Anne of Cleves, 293. 298- 302. Heralds and Pursuivants, payments to, by Henry VII. 88, 94, 95, 96, 99, 100, 102, 104, 109, 114, 117, 120 bis, 121 bis, 122, 123, 129, 130 Ws, 131 bis, 133 ter. title of Anjou King of Arms changed to Lancaster, 148, 150. Chester, 172. Collar pursuivant, ibid. March King of Arms, 202, 203. four kings in Rich- ardlll.'s charter : Garter, Clarenceux, NoiToy, and Gloucester, 202. Ireland King, 203. usage of wearing crowns, 203. four wore crowns at Richard III.'s coronation, 383. fees at jousts regulated, 243 Heralds of Burgundy, 193, 194. 202, 203. Notices of He ralds occur also in the articles Tourna ment, Coronation of- Richard III, and Funeral of Anne of Cleves. Heretick converted by Henry VII. 117. High Treason. See Battle. Hostage detained out of irons, and sup plied with a horse and robes, 398. com mitted to the custody of his uncle, 399. order to put H . de Lascy out of irons, 400 . Hostiensis in summam, & in lecturam, MS. 137. 140. Hugutio, MS. 136. 138. Impressment of artificers, carriages, &c. 43, 46. Inde, Friars of, 105, 113. Indulgences by the Pope, 1500, 128. Innocent IV. crusade announced by, 64. Ipocras, receipt for making, 234. Isabella, Queen of Edw. II. noticesof, 278. James III. of Scotland, treaty of marriage with Cecily daughter of Edw. IV. 369. James IV. of Scotland, his marriage, 126, 127. payments to, 130. 133. Jewels, large payments for, by Henry VII. 90. 103. 118. 125. 130, 131. Jewellery, temp. King John, 398. Jews at York, debtor respited from, 393. a bezant in the pound taken from a Jew having a bond for money, 396. John, King, Close Rolls of, 393. John's, St. Gospel, first fourteen verses, on an ancient roll, 406. Jousts, fees to heralds at, 243. justing at Shene, 1492, 89. jousts in 1494, 99. Judde, John, master ofthe ordnance, 10. Kerver, Thomas, convicted of high trea son, pardoned and discharged, 280. 390. Keys, Roger, clerk, and Thomas his bro ther, grant of arms to, 45. 49. Kilmainham, Prior of, shipping for him and his forces, to go to Rouen, 388. Kilmayn. See Fitzgerald. Kings of Arms. See Heralds. King of Orkeney, story of, 231. King's banners and tunics, 1208, 400. King's Champion at the coronation, 383. King's Chapel, temp. K. John, utensils for, 394. 398. payment for singing Christus vincit, 393. for singing Gloria in excelsis, 129. to the gentlemen of, to drink with a buck, 133. two Royai Chapels in Ireland, t. Hen. III. 404. King's College. See Nicholas St. King's Evil, persons touched for, 1491. 87. King's palfreys. See Westminster Abbey. King's treasure temp. K. John, 398. Kingston, Sir W. lieutenant of the Tower, letters respecting Anne Boleyn, &c. 260. Knight, robes given to, 1204, 1205. 393. 397. Knighthood, honour of, conferred at the coronation of Edward V. &c. 14. Knights of the Bath, creation of, at Rich ard III.'s coronation, 384. Knoville, Bogo de. See Leyburn. Lambert, accused of heresy, 290, 291. Lancaster, John of Gaunt, Duke of, his gifts to, and marriage with his mistress, Katherine Swynford, 152. his issue by her, the Beauforts, legitimatized by 2g2 432 INDEX OF MATTERS. Richard II. with power to possess all dignities ; but a reservation of the royal dignity inserted by Henry IV. on the patent roll, 152, 153. copy of the pa tent, 154. the Duke's death and be quests to Katherine, 154, 155 ; and to Sir T. Swynford, 157. tomb of Ka therine, Disehess of Lancaster, 155. Lande, Thomas de la, combat with Philip de Bouton, 213. 216. Law books, bequest of, by Sir W. de Wal worth, 137, 140. Legenda Sanctorum, MS. 136. Legitimacy, grant of. See Swynford. Letters of Protection by Hen. III. to per sons going in the Crusade, 271 — 274. Leyburn, William de, Montgomery Castle delivered to, by Bogo de Knovile, 22. Library of Count of Angouleme, 1496, 344. Lion brought to Henry VII. 88. Lira, MS. 136, 139. Livery of inheritance, fine for, 395. Livre Tournois, 266. Lochmaban Castle, constableship of, 385. Lodesman, or pilot, 89. London, Mayor of, &c. presents to Princess Margaret on her marriage, 227. See Grammar Schools. Longespee, Earlof Salisbury, Will of, 341. , , William de, poem commemor ating his valiant conduct and death, with preliminary remarks, 64 — 84 ; no tices of him and descendants, 67. arms, 68. mandate respecting his Will, 68. Loricae cum capite, 22, 23. Louis, St. (Louis IX. ) his vow to visit the Holy Land, fulfilled in the Crusade a» 1248, 64, 66. taken prisoner, 67. allusions to, 69, 71. his second Cru sade, 266. Convention with Prince Edward, ib 274. his death, 268. Lyneham, Lowes, letter of, 11. Manating, menacing, 33. Mangonelli explained, 400. Manuscripts belonging to King John, 393, 399. bequeathed by William de Walworth, 136. belonging to Charles Count of Angouleme, 344. March, Edward, Earl of, (Edw. IV.) let ters to his father, 8, 427. ' George, Earl of, agreement be- 'tween, and Henry the Fourth, 386. Marche, Olivier de la, his account of the tournament 1467, 204, 205, 207, 209, 212; and feats of arms afterwards, 213, 225. Margaret, Princess, sister of Edward IV. notices of, 223—226. See Marriage. Marriage settlement of William Haute, 1429, 249. See Wardship. Marriage of the Princess Margaret, sister of Edward IV. with Charles Duke of Burgundy, historical narrative of, 223 — 239. progress of the Princess to Sluys, 227, 228. the Duke's firstinter- view, the affiancing, and marriage, 230, 231. pageants exhibited at Bruges, 232 — 234. festivities at the palace, amusements, and jousts, 234 — 239. Mary Queen of Scots, execution of, 17, 18. Massoura, assault of, a poem, 64 — 84. Maunday, mourning robe worn at, 107. Maximilian, Emperor, treaty with, 125. payment to, 129. embassy to, ibid. made K. G. ib. 130. horse and grey hounds sent to, 133. Maygame, 122. Mechanism. See Castle. Meon Stoke parsonage, Hants, 150. Meun, Clopinel, or Jean de, books by,349. Miscreants, the term explained, 208. Misrule, lord and abbot of, 88,92,106,129. Mitre. See Exchequer. Monsters temp. Henry III. 251. Montgomery Castle, custody of, 22. Mountjoy, William Blount Lord, letters of, 286—289. Muliers, the term explained, 153. Multiplier, an alchymist, 122. See Quint essence. Napes, Jack, name for the Duke of Suf folk, 160. Navy, payment for rigging the, 110. Nef, or Ship, a drinking-vessel, 350. Nerford, Alice de, afterwards wife of John de Neville, Will of, 424. Neville family, quarrel in the, 1. , Sir Edward, expelled from Aber gavenny castle, 6, 7. See Nerford. Newfoundland, discoveiy of, &c. 85. 113. 116 ter. 117. 126. 129. 131 lis. 133. New- Year's gifts, by Henry VI. 148. Nicholas, St. College, or King's College, Cambridge, grant of arms to, 362, and to Nicholas Cloos, for his services in the erection of it, 362 — 364. bequest of Cardinal Beaufort to, 44. Nobility, the right to bear arms consti tuted nobility, 45, 49. Northumberland, Henry Percy first Earl of, letter to Lords of the Council, 385. Norwich, riots at, during which the Cathe dral was consumed, 1272, illustrated from chronicles, &c. 252 — 259. Nottingham, military preparations at, 428. Nucelles Pursuivant, 175. Ordinances for the army, by Henry the Fifth, and by the Earl of Shrewsbury, temp. Henry VI. 28—43. Orisons and prayers, 13th century, 405. Orleans, Duke of. See Angouleme. Orose, Paul, books by, 346. Ostrich skin for a stomacher, 95. Pageants at Sluys in honour of the Prin cess Margaret, 1468, 228. at Bruges, 232—234. Pa[)er-mill temp. Hen. VII. 117. Paris. See Beheading. Paston, J. letter on the celebration of the nuptials of Princess Margaret, 225. INDEX OK MATTERS. 433 Patch, an appellation for a fool, 88. Pavises, explained, 22, 23. 29. 42. Paul's, St. Epistles, MS., 136. 141. Pembroke, Earl of, custody of Castle of Dunmas delivered to, 403. Pennons, or Pencils, 51. Petrariae explained, 400. Pew, Our Lady of the, offerings at, 98. a benefactor to, 244, 245, 246, 247. Pilgrims to Rome and ths Holy Land, tax on, 145. Plymouth, Mayor of. See Dorset. Poetry. See Verses, and Massoura. Poggio, Francesco, his Facetiae, 348. Political Parties. See Henry VI. Pomelle, explained, 210. Popinjay, shooting at the, 286, 287. Portace, Portacre, Porteux, Portehois, Portoos, a breviary, 8. 124. 127. 341. Privy Purse Expenses. See Henry VII. Prognostications, 88. Proverbis of Xpristine of Pyse, 245. Psalter, MS. 136. 138. Pursuivants. See Heralds. Quarrel, a kind of arrow, 22, 23. Queen's Chapel temp. K. John, 398. Quintessence, 120. See Multiplier. Ransom, loans by King John for, 395. 397. Rationale Divinorum, MS. 136. Reading, Abbot of, acknowledgment by K. John for books sent to him by, 399. Religious persons permitted to sell corn, 398. order that none should do harm to or speak evil of them, 400. Revels and Disguisino-s, payments relating to, 95, 96. 98. 100, 101. 106. 121. 129, 130. See Misrule. Richard II. statutes for the army of, 29, 30.32,33,34,35. letter of James of Douglas to, 142 patent legitimatizing the Beauforts, 152, 153. writ in a suit against the widow of W. de Wal worth, relating to a mitre pledged by the Archbishop of York, 420, 421. Richard III. letters of news shortly be fore his accession, 12 — 17. coronation of, 379. nobility present, and Knights of the Bath created at, ib. 384. tomb erected for by Henry VII. 105. Richmond, Margaret Countess of, ward ship of, 3, 4. letter to the Earl of Or mond, 285. Roche, Count de la. See Bastard. Rochester, repair of bridge of, 119. hospi tal at, endowed by Earl Ryvers, 246. Rochford. See Boleyn. Rodes, Chapel of the, Greenwich, 247. Roelt, Katherine de. See Lancaster. Roland, or Orlando, 76. Rolls, Mastership of the, and the House of Converts, grant relating to, 146. 147. Romance of History of England, MS. 393. Rouen, Siege of, 388. Rutland, Edmond Earl of, letters to his father, 8. 427. Ryvers, Anthony Wyd ville Earl, and Lord Scales, accountof, 171 — 174. 240 — 245. book translated by, 214. his Will, 246—248. See Tournament. Sable, emblematic of stability, 45. 48. Sable-skins, bought for K. John, 397. Saint Mary Men, 113. Salad, a kind of helmet, 86. 112. Saracen engaged to make cross-bows, 395. Satirical Verses on Political Parties, &c. temp. Hen. VI. 159. 279. 357—361. Scales. See Ryvers. Scotland, King of, letter of King John to, 1205, 394. Scotland, reply of James of Douglas to Richard II. 's complaint of the infrac tion ofthe trace with, 1384, 142. Serjeants' feast at Ely Place, 106. Sermon at the funeral of Lady Anne of Cleves, 312, 313. Serpentines, guns so called, 10. Sextus cum glossii MS. 137. 140. Sheep with two bodies, 251. Shene, palace at, building of, 97, 115. fire at, 115. Sheriffs of London to erect barriers and lists for a battle upon an appeal of high treason, 1453,391. Shrewsbury, Earl of, prisoner wrongfully detained by, 215. Shrewsbury, John Talbot Earl of, ordi nances for the army, 28. 40. Sieges in Northumberland, 1462, 365. Signs used during hours of silence at the Monastery of Sion, 414. Sion, Monastery of, 97, 98. 101. Signs used at, during hours of silence, 414. particulars of the foundation, ibid. Somerton Castle, Lincolnshire, 387. Sovereign, repair ofa ship so called, 122. 130, 131 bis, 132. Spies, payments to, by Henry VII. 87. Spurs of the King, redeemed, 105. Stallworthe, S. letters to Sir W. Stonor, about Richard III.'s accession, 12 — 17. Standard of a Dragon (temp. Hen. III.) 404. Standards and Banners, 50. sizes of, re gulated according to rank, ibid, col lection of standards, with coats of arms, formed aboutT520, 52. 163. 314. See Banners, Guydons, and Pennons. Steward, Sir John, 1447, will of, 278. sons Thomas and Robert, ibid. Stomacher, a, 95. Stonor family, letters relating to, 353 — 356. notices of some of the family, 353. Alice Duchess of Suffolk to William Stonor, 354. Dame Eliza beth Stonor to Sir William, 354, 355. Thomas to William Stonor, 356. Stratford le Bow, Prioiy of, 24. Suffolk, Alice Duchess of, letter, 353, 354. Suffolk, Michael Earl of, wardship granted to, 1443, 3. 434 INDEX OF MATTERS. Swynford, Sir Thomas, account of him, 157, 158. his children, 158. patent certifying his legitimacy, 157, 158. Swynford family, 152, et seq. 427, 428. Tablet of Bourbon, 43, 44. 46, 47. Tails, legend that Englishmen were con demned to wear tails, 65. Tenures, singular instances of, 19 — 21. Testerae ferri, pavises, 22, 23. Token or sign to be interchanged on the delivery of the Castle of Dunmas, 401. Tournament between Lord Scales and the Bastard of Burgundy : notices of the combatants, with observations on this transaction, and its history, 171 — 175. narrative of the Tournament, 175 — 210. complete copy of the letter of Lord Scales to the Bastard, inviting him to touch. the emprise, 176 — 188 note, certificate of the Earl of Wor cester, High Constable, 189 note, an swer of the Bastard, 194 note, let ter of Lord Scales acknowledging the receipt of it, 196 note, another letter of Lord Scales, regretting that the Bas tard had been prevented from coming over by the wars, ibid, challenges, and feats of arms performed after the tour nament by Sir J. de Chassa and L. de Bretaylles, and P. de Bouton and T. de la Lande, 213 et seqq. entertain ment provided by the King and Queen, 213. Festivity designed by the Bastard prevented, 214. See Jousts. Tower of London, tower built in, 125. Transport of messengers, &c. by King John, 397. 400. Treason. See Battle. Treasure Trove, right of the Crown to, remitted, 1442, 150. Tree of Gold, justing so called, 238, 239. 240. Turks, Greeks licensed to collect a bene volence to redeem hostages in their hands, 1467, 391. Tyrannicide, first justified, 348. Vagabond* and beggars, Act relating to, 28 Hen. VIIL 289. 292. Venison, salt for curing, 396. Veritas Theologie, MS. 136.138. Verses. See Satirical Verses. Viceaj explained, 22,23. Vinum dispensabile, or expensabile, 402. Vitas Patrum, MS. 136, 138. Walworth, Sir William de, particulars re lating to, 134 — 136. college of priests founded by, ibid. Will of, 135—141. effigy, 138. feoffment by, 419. an other Will, ib. — 422. suit against his widow respecting a mitre pledged to him by the Archbishop of York, 420. 423. Wambras, or Avant-bras, explained, 209. Warbeck, Perkin, facts relating to, 85. allusions to, 91. 99. 100 bis. 101. 110. 113 ter.. 116 Ms. 117 quinq. 121. 123. his proceedings from his landing till he was taken, 114. 115. his flight, recap ture, and death, 118. Wardship, and Marriage, — wardship of Margaret daughter of Duke of Somerset granted to the Earl of Suffolk, 3. or der of K. John to seize land if Amicia, dau. of the Earl of Leicester, should depart out of England, 394. fine in curred by Cecilia de Hodnet for marry ing, 396. Hugh de Asting acquitted of payment because he had not to wife Albr. who was wife of John de Ingeham, iMd. fine for wardship of land and heir of Robert de Dour, 397. land given to Kempe Balistarius till he could be pro vided for in marriage, 397. grant of the land and heir of Walter de Calo ; his mother sent to the King, 401. Warwick, Earl of, conspiracy to place Clarence on the throne, 282, 283, 284. Wassail, Thomas, grant to, 150. Welles, Sir Robert, Confession of, 282. Westminster Abbey, a manor seized be cause the King's palfreys were not taken care of, 397. standard of a dragon erected in by Henry III. 404. person taken from sanctuary in, 312, 313. Westminster, great hall at, aqueduct con structed by Henry III. 404. Westmoreland, Ralph first Earl of, mar riage and descendants of, 2. 6. Whiting, Thomas, Chester Herald, envoy to Burgundy on occasion of the feat of arms between Lord Scales andthe Bas tard, 172. probably wrote the narra tive, 175. notices of him, ibid. Wigmore, Court of, 22. Wills — Elizabeth of Hainault, sister of Philippa Queen of Edward I., 23, 24. two of Sir William de Walworth, 134 —141.419—422. Anthony Earl Ry vers, 240. the Lady Anne of Cleves, 295—302. William Longespee Earl of Salisbury, 341. King Edward the Fourth, 366. Alice de Nerford or de Neville, 424. Windsor, St. George's, rebuilt by Edward IV., 366. 372, 373. endowment for two priests and thirteen poor men, 373 — 375 ; further endowment for vi cars, clerks, and children, 375. the Chapel leaded, 108. works at, 120. Wines, orders relating to, temp. King John, 402, 403. Wise Sayings of Philosophers, 214. 245. Woman with two heads, 251. Woodstock, palace of, 96. 99. 121. Worcester, Earl of. See Tournament. Wydeville, Joan, dau. of Richard, mar riage settlement of, 1429, 249. Wydeville. See Ryvers. Yarmouth, ill-disposed persons from, aid ed in riots at Norwich,1272, 254. 258. York, Duke of, commanded to expel Sir E. Neville from Abergavenny Castle, 6, 7. , INDEX OP STANDARDS, ARMS, AND QUARTERINGS. BORNE IN THE REIGN OF HENRY VIIL Aldercar, Sir Rauffe, 338. Algernons, 334. Appellyerd, Mayster, 164. Ap Per, Sir Thomas, 330. Arrondyll, Mayster, 320. Arundell, Thomas Earl of, 317. Assecu, Mayster, 331. Awdeley, Sir John, 57. Babyngton, 316. — Sir Anthony, 330. Bagot, 339. Bamfeld, 319. Barentyn, Sir William, 333. Barley, Robert, 169. Barnys, Bonsser Lord, 334. Baryngton, Mr. Nycollas, 322. Basquer, Mathew, 315. Basset, Mr., 335. Baudwyn, Sir John, 338. Baynham, Sir Christopher, 314. Baynton, Sir Edward, 328. Beamont, Rychard, 170. Beltnap, Edward, 317. — Sir Edward, 330. Bergavenny. See Bourgayne. Blonnt, 339. Bourgayne, Lord, 63. Bourght, Thomas, 332. Bousser, Lord Barnys, 334. Brandon, Sir Charles, 333. Bray, Mayster Edmond, 323. Brereton, Sir Randolf, 324. Broke, Willoughby Lord, 60. Brown, Sir Westyn,165. Bryan, 334 bis. — Sir Fransis, 338. Bullayn, Sir Thomas, 329. Burdctt, Sir John, 60. Busschy, Sir Miles, 56. Byrd, John, 335. Capell, Sir Gyles, 324. Care, 336. — Sir John, 332. Carew, Sir John, 53. — Master, 63. — Sir William, 337. Chamberlayne, Sir Edw. 59. — Rauff, 163. — See Lord Chamberlain. Cholmondeley, Sir Rich. 327. Clarke, John, 166. Clifford, Sir Henry, 337. Cobham, Lord, 335. Compton, Mayster, 167. Constable, Sir Marmaduc, 331. Conyers, Lord, 62. Cooke, John, 165. Coppley, Roger, 326. Cornewall, Sir Thomas, 56. Cossyn, Robert, 335. Courtenay, Sir Wm. 51. 54. 55. Croumwell, Sir Richard, 338. Cursson, John, 324. — Robert, Lord, 59. Dacre, Fynnys, Lord, 321, 322 — Le Seigneur, 330. Dacus. See Denys. Darbey, Stanly Comes, 332. Darcy, 336. — Thomas, Lord, 53. Darell, Sir Edward, 326. Denys, or Dacus, Tho. 314. Docwra, Lord Thomas, 321. Dorset, Lord Marquys, 61. Dygby, Mayster, 60. Dymmocke, Mister, 320. Dyve, Mayster John, 58. Edward III. 51, 54. Edward IV. 51, 52 ter. Egerton, M. Ranffe, 323. Eggecombe, Sir Perys, 316. Essex, Sir William, 316. Evees, Sir William, 327. Evers, William, 336. Eyre, 165. Ferrys, Lord, 332. — Sir Edward, 337. Fitzpayn, 334. Fitz Phyllypp ap Blederyke, Thomas, 169. FitzUryan,SirGriffltbapRes,59. — Sir Res ap Thomas, 166. Filz Water, Lord, 325. Fitzwilliam, William, 58. Flemyng, John, 314. Folejambe, Sir Godefre, 169. Fortescue, Sir Adryan, 325. — Mayster John, 325. Framlyngham, James, 166. Frogmorton, Mayster, 167. Fynche, Sir William, 166. Garnon, Sir Rychard, 333. Garnys, Sir Christoffer, 317. Gery, William, 327. Gounston, Mayster, 165. Gray, Lord, 335. Greneville, Sir Richard, 319. Grenewaye, Thomas, 335. Grevyll, Sir Edward, 332. Gulford, Sir Henry, 63. — Mayster, 63. GytTord, Mayster John, 324. — Sir John, 51. 331. Hals, Richard, 319. Harbart, Lord Chamberlain, 321 bis. 328 bis. Harleston, 326. Hartwell, John, 326. Harvy, George, 163. Hastyngges, Lord, 321. Hasylden, Franceys, 318. Haunsart, Mayster William, 314. Hawthe, Lord, 338. Henry V. 53, 54 bis. Henry VII. 56, 57 bis. 61 bis. Henry VIII. 56. Heron, John, Chevalyer, 317. Herres, Sir Phelipe,340. Hewes, 339. Hillersdon, 319. Holand, William, 319. Hopton, Mayster, 329. Howard, Lord, 62. Howgan, Mayster, 329. Hungerford, Sir John, 317. Husse, Lord, 164. Ichyngham, Mayster, 163. Ingelby, William, 336. Ingelfeld, Sir Thomas, 327. Jernyngham, Edward, 332. Johns, Robert, 170. Katissby, 328. Kent, Earl of, 335. Kerkham, Sir John, 331. Ketelby, 324. Kokyn, M. 337. Kyngeley, Sir Edward, 335. Kyngeston, Sir William, 59. Laware Alphyn, Lord, 320. Lee, Robert, 165. Lenacre, Robert, 315. Lesle, 163. Leynham, Henry, 318. Long, Mayster Henry, 323. L.Chamberlain, 163,164.328,329. Loveday, 339. Lucas, Mayster, 322. Lusey, Maister, 57. Lysle, Viscount, 333. Manwaryng, Mayster, 333. Marcam, Mayster, 335. Massyngberd, Sir Thomas, 315. Maynwaring, John, 324. Mitton, John, 314. Montaguull, Poole, 318. Mordant, Mayster John, 329. More, John, 314. Morton, Sir Robert, 54. Mylton, Mayster, 58. Nevyll, John, 168. Newport, Sir Thomas, 322. Northumbryeland, Com.51. 334. — Dudley, Earlof, 339. Norton, Sir John, 164. Oxford, J. Vere, Earl of, 333, Palmar, Thomas, 317. Parker, William, 322. Paston, Sir William, 169. Peche, Sir John, 330. Penyston, Sir Richard de, 340. Percy, 334 quater. Peresall, John, 315. Pierpoint, Sir William, 168. Plantagenet, Sir Arm. 167. 327. Ponyngs, 334 ter. — Sir Edward, 63. Poole, WiUiam, 323. Ratleffe, Mayster, 325. Raynsforth, Sir John, 167. Richard II. 54. Roche, 328. — Raynold, 327. 436 Rodeueye, 318. Roos, George Lord, 56. Russell, 328. Rychemon, Duke of, 337. Sacheverell, Richard, 168. Sant Legyre, 168. Saunder, Sir Thomas, 340. Semer, Sir John, 164. Sharp, Sir John, 316. Sheffeld, Sir Thomas, 322. Shernburne, Sir Henry, 60. Shrewsbury, Earl of, 53. Skevington, 340. Skroup, Lord, 62. Smythe, William, 169. Southampton, Earl of, 58. Stafford, Humphrey, 168. Stanley, Comes, Darbey, 332, INDEX OF STANDARDS. Stapylton, Sir Bryan, 62. Stranghways, Mayster, 57. — Myster Gilys, 329. Swynarton, Thomas, 170, 331. Twyford, 339. Tyler, Sir WiUiam, 316. 327. Tyrell, Thomas, 166. Vaughan, Sir Hugh, 51. 170. Vere, Sir John, 333. Verney, M. Rauff, 167. Vernon, Thomas, 326. — Sir Henry, 336. Villers, John, 326. Umpton, M. Thomas, 314. Wallden, Sir Richard, 165. ' Walwayne, Awditor, 339. Warburton, Mayster, 333. Warham, George, 330. Wentworthe, Sir Richard, 316. Weston, Sir Rychard, 331. Wharton, Sir Thomas, 337. Whyat, Mayster, 325. Williams, Lord, 340. Willoughby, Sir Henry, 60. Willowby, Lord, 61. Wiltshire, Henry Earl of, 61. Wodehous, Sir Thomas, 58. Woolsthropp, Sir G. 338. Wyll'mB, Sir Recherd, 338. Wyndesore, Sir Andrew, 320. Wyngfeld, Mayster Ant. 324. — Sir Rychard, 317. Wytwang, George, 336. Yeo, 318. Zouche, John, 315, 323. Standard without name, 164. INDEX OF NAMES. The Names in the preceding Indexes are not repeated. Abbendon, Edm. de, 342, 343. Abberbury, William, 157. Abell, John, 135. Abergavenny, Wm. Lord, 6. — Lord, 384. — Sir Henry, 384. — See Bourgayne. Abrey, — , 247. A Brough, Sir Thomas, 384. Adam, Lewes, 130. Adams, Agnes, 125. — Edward, 304, 308. Aishrygh, Mr. 290. Alba Mara, Will, de, 20. Albany, Duke of, 226. — Duchess of, 288. Alben', Wm. 397. Alberic Earl, 399. Alcock, J. Bp. of Rochester, Worcester, and Ely, 242.244. 246. 248. 378. Alderbury, William, 157. Ali n, Scotsman, 117. Alencon, Charles Duke of, 344. Alexander, Pope, 111. Alexander persona, 272. Aleyn, Jankin, or John, 426. Alley, Richard, 391. Almaigne, Henry de, 266, 267. 270. 273. Alta Ripa, Adam de, 342, 343. Alwyn, Walter, 95, 96. Andreas, Bernard, 86. 109. 124. Andrewyk, Simon de, 267. Anjou, Count of, 64. Anne, sister of Hen. VII. 101. Anne, the great Fleming, 127. Anstis, Garter, 175. 203,238. A Parr, Sir Jo. 384. — Sir William, 384. Aprice, Griffith, 93. Apsley, Michael, 298 bis, 299 bis, 301, 302. 304. Arblaster, Reginald Ie, 20. Arden', Johannes de, 271. Alditbele, Jacobus de, 272. Arden, SirTho.157. Thomas.ib. Arderne, Ranulphus de, 271. Ardint', Thomas de, 401. Armagnac, Count of, 249. Arowsmyth, Sir James, 384. Arthur Prince of Wales, 88. 109. 116. 120. 125, 126, 127 bis, 128, 129. Artois, Robert Count of, 64 — 66. 69—73. Arundel, Henry Earl, 298, 299 bis, 302 bis. — W.Fitz Alan, Earl, 160.162. — Earl, 205. 210. 384. — Countess, 297. 301. — Sir Thomas, 384. Ascalon, W. or R. de, 65, 66, 76. 77. 79— SI. 83, 84. Asceles, David Comes de, 272. Asschebourne, Tho. 137. 139. Assheby, — , 90. Ashley, Sir Jo. 384. Ashton, or Aston, Sir Rafe, 384. Askham, W. 137. 140. 419. Asting', Hugh de, 396. Astley, Sir John, 202, 243. Aston, Ricardusde,271. 273 bis. — See Asbton. Atkynson, John, 116. 121. 125 bis, 130. Atte Bergh, William, 425, 426. Atte Chapel, Gilbert, 140. Atte Clyve, Rogerus, 273. Atte Leye, Thomas, WiUiam, &c. 135. 137. 140. Atte Swych, Richard, 421. Aubrey, WiUiam, 247. Auderne, Ranulphus de, 274. Audley, E.Bp.ofKochester,380. — Hugh de, 342. — James de, 67. 342. — James Lord, 85. 112. 114. — Lord, 68. 383, 384. AungerviU, Hugo de, 273. Auxe, Peter de, 396. Aylmer, Robert, 24. Ayre, Edmond, 305. Babham, Mary, 309. — Joh'n, 305. Babington, Dr. 129. Bacon, 85, 86. 128. Bad', Thomas, 140. Badebury, Johannes de, 272. Baeust, Paul de, 107. ' Bagneno, Mons. de, 288. Bailli, Adam, 140. Baker, Mathew, 121. Baketon, Thomas, 141. Balbye, Anthonye, 305. Baldwin, Bastard of Burgundy, 173. Balliol, 276. Balliolo, Eustach. de, 273, 274. Baptista, Sir Thomas, 118. Barbor, Piers, 115. 129. Bardolf, Sir William, 25. Barington, Sir Henry, 384. Barker, Roger, 122. Barkley, Sir Jo. 384. — Sir Philip, 384. — Sir Thomas, 384. — Sir Wm. 384 bis. Barley, William, 100. Barnby, Maister J. 282, 283. Barne, Roger, 122. Barnesfeld, — 118. Barry, Radulphus, 272. Baskervill', Johannes de, 272. Basset, — 95. Bassett, WiUiam, 15. 306. Bath, Lord, 120 bis. Baudett, John, 20. Bayly, — , 111. Beam, Gaston Earl of, 266, 267, 268. 270. Beauchamp, Andrew de, 401. — Richard Bp. of Salisbury, 223, 224 bis. 230, 231. 279. 366. 368. 372—374. 376. — Sir Richard, 384. — Sir William, 6. Joan, ibid. — Lord, 384. Beaufort, Cardinal, 152. 155. 158, 159. 161. — Duke of, 90. Beaulien, Abbot of, 400. Beaumont, Henry Viscount, 11. — John Viscount, 279. — WiUiam de, 393. Beche, Joh'n, 305. Beckeley, John, 46. Bedford, Duchess of, 171. 243. — Jasper Tudor Duke of, 96. — John, Duke of, Regent, 25, 145, 146. 159. 161. 278. 357. 359. Bedingfeld, Sir Edm. 384 bis. Bedon, Richard, 100. Bek, Antonius, 274. — of Eresby, 161. Bekyngton, Bp. of Bath, 43. 46. Belet, WiUielmus, 273. Bell, Robert, 415. BeUomye, Richard, 305. Benedictus Ie Canun, 272. Benet, — 391, 392. Benson, — 119. Bere, Johannes de la, 272. Berewic, Hugo de, 271. Bergh. See Atte Bergh. Berkeley, Richard, 87 — Lady, 93. 97. — WiUiam, Marquess, 93. Berkham, John de, 267. Betson, — 353. 355. — Thomas, 419. BeviU, WiUielmus de, 273. Biblesworthe, Walterus de, 271. Bigod, Earl Hugh le, 341, 342. Bingham, WiUiam, 362. Blackader, R. Abp. of Glas gow, 127. Blakale, John, 140. BlakaU, Thomas, 124. Blagrave, or Blakegrave, Tho mas, 296. 300. 304. Blankeneye, Johannes de, 272. Blont, Willielmus le, 272. Blundey, or Blonde, Alarde, 297, 299 bis. 301, 302. 305. Bodeham, Robertusde, 272 bis. Bohun, Earl of Hereford, 161. Bokyngham, John de, Bishop of Lincoln, 419. Bolayn, Sir Jo., 384. Boleing, Mr. 119. — See Bulleyn. Bonde, John, 305. — Thomas, 305. — WiUiam, 116. Bonet, J., 342, 343. INDEX OF NAMES. Bonewise, Laurence, 98 bis. Bonghan, Lady Jane, 106. — ¦ Henry, 125. Bonner, Edmond, Bishop of London, 295. 305. 307. 309, 310, 311. 313. Boone, John, 88. Borde, Bernard de la, 214. Borough, Sir Edward, 90. — Sir Thomas, 262. 368. Bosgrave, — 305. Bothwell, Lord, 93. 108. — Patrick Earl of, 127. Botiller, Thomas, 38S. Boudon, William de, 278^ Boughan, Earl, 122. — See Buchan. Boughton, Susan, 296. 299 bis. 300. 302. 309, 310. Bourbon, my Lady of, 288. — See Burbon. Bourchier, Elizabeth, widow of Henry, 171. — Henry, Lord, 160. 162. — Sir Thomas, 384. — Cardinal Abp. of Canterbury, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17. 368. 370, 371, 372. 374. 379, 380—382. Bourghchier, M., 210. Bonton, E., 193, 194. — PhUip, 173. 193. Bowes, John, 117. Bowman, — 127. Bowscer, Sir Thomas, 384. Boys, Ricardus de, 273. Boyes, John, 9. Boyvill, Robertus de, 273. Bracy, Sir John, 99. Bradburye, Richard, 305. Bradley, Thomas, 116. Bradsha, — , 118. Brakenburye, John, 305. Brampton, Brianus de, 273. Brandon, Thomas, 106. — Sir Thomas, 93. 127. 129. — Sir William, 384. Braose, Sir John de, 157. Braret, Master, 1 19. Bray, Sir Reginald, 93. 117. 122. — Lady, 102. 107. Braybrok, James, 116, 117. Brente, Mastres, 123 bis. Brerele, John, 24. Brereton, — 263. Brerton, Thomas, 127. Bresse, Philip Count of, 344. Bretagne , Duke of, 224. 240. 242. Bretain, Sir John de, 77. Bretaylles, Louys de, 175. 242. Breust, — 95. Briason, Bartholomeus de, 274. Briddeport, Maister J. de, 272. Brigandin, Robert, 130, 131 bis. Briwere, William, 396. 401. Broc, Laurence de, 252. 259. Brocas, Sir OUver,21. Broke, Lord, 114. Brom, — 103. Bromfeld, Thomas, 113. Bromholm, Hugh, 257. Broughton, Sir Thomas, 156. Brown, Jobn, 203. — T. Bp. of Norwich, 149 bis. 437 Browne, George, 305. — Sir George, 384. — Sir Jo., 384. Brudenell, Sir Richard, 3U9. — Lucy, 296. 300. 309, 310. — Mary, 296. 300. 309, 310. Bruges, William, 197. Brun, Willielmus le, 274. Brunham, Wm. de, 253 — 259. Brus, Ricardus de, 271. — Robertus de, 272, 273. Brutalles. See Bretaylles. Bryan, Judge, 248. Bryckes, WiUiam, 305. Brydge, George, 305. Buchan, Earl of, 93. — See Boughan. Buckingham, Henry, Duke of, 12—17. — Lord Harry of, 205, 210. — Humphry Duke of, 160. 162. — Duke of, 194. 380, 381, 382. Bulle, Steven, 87, 118. BuUeyn, Sir Thomas, 384. Burbon, Ld. Jaques of, 193, 194. — Sir Philip of, 193, 194. Burgate, Baldwin, Piers, Wil liam de, 427, 428. Burgh, Sir Edward, 92. — Hubert de, 341. — Thomas Lord, 249. — WiUiam, 135. Burghull, Henricus de, 274. Burgot', Robert de, 401. Burgoyne, Marshal of, 193, 194. Burgundy, Jean Duke of, 348. — Charles Duke of, 173 bis. 192, 193, 194. 214, 215. 240. — Philip Duke of, 191, 192, 193, 194, 195. 200. 215. 223. 228, 229. — Duke of, 124. Burley, — 112. Burnell, Robertus de, 274. Burnet, Bishop, 261. Burton, — , 100. Busy, Monsieur, 107. Butiller, Lady, 150. Butler, William, 247. — See Botiller. Butsyde, 246, 247. Bynks, Thomas, 133. Cabot, John, 113, 126. Cadamo, Robertus de, 274. Cade, Jack, 391. Calkow, Abbot of, 142. Calle, Henry, 156. Calo, Walter de, 401. Cambridge, Edm. Earl of, 419. Camhou, Walterus de, 273. Camville, Richard de, 67. — Idonea, dau. of R. 341. 343. Cantelupe, W. de, Bp. of Wor cester, 64. CapeU, Anne, dau. of Edw. 309. — Lady A. wife of Sir H. 308. — Lady, 309. 311. Cardiff, Mathew, 103. Cardinal of England, 1437, 149. Cardmaker, — 291. Carew, Sir Nicholas, 294. 308. — Thomas, 304. — SirWeym. his wife, 308. 438 INDEX OF NAMES. Carew, Lady, 309. 311. Carreu, Nicholas de, 419. Carlton, William, 136. Carter, — 88. — John, 117. CasteU, Alanus de, 271. CasteUeyn, John, 87. Casteney, Sir WiUiam, 384. Catesby, WiUiam, 248. Causton, John, 254. Caxton, William, 213. 229. 241, 242. 245. Cecily.dau. of Edw.IV. 369,370. Chad, St. 405. Chaderton, Master, 95. Chaluns, Petrus de, 272. Chapell, Jacques de la, 87. Chapell. See Atte Chapel. Chapman, Dr. 107. Chare, Kath. Anne, and Tho. 296. 300. 305. 309. Charlington, Sir Richard, 384. Chartray, Richard, PhUip, and Reginald de, 399. Chassa, J. de, 173. 175. 193, 194. Chaucer, Geoffrey, 155. 353. — Henry le, 253. — Thomas, 353. Chaumpayne, Petrus de, 273. Chauwyth, Hervicus de, 274. Chaworth, Paganus de, 274. — Patricius de, 274. Chayre. See Chare. Cheseman, John, 132. Chester, R. constable of, 394. Chetewyn, — 127. Cheyne, Sir John, 112, 113. Cheynye, — 308. Clare, Sir J. 282, 283, 284. — T. de, 253. 266. 270,271.273. Clarence, George, Duke of, 204. 210. 223. 228. 241 bis. 282, 283, 284. 353. Clark, Robert, 105. Clays,— 133. Clement Clerk, 110. Clerk, John, 98, 130, 305. — Robertus le, 272. — Nicholas, 297. 300. 308. Cleton, WiUiam, 9. Cleves, Adolf de, 240. — Lord Aldolf of, 193, 194. — Duke and Duchess, 297. 801. — Lady Emely of, 297, 301. Clifton, Sir Denis of, 384. Clifford, Sir R. 85. 100, 101 bis. ¦ — Roger de, 273. — Rosamond, 67, 341. — Richard, 100. — Walter de, 67, 341. Clifton, Sir Denis of, 384. — Sir Gerveis, 248. Clnse, Tassard de, 267. Clyve. See Atte Clyve. Cobbe, — 94. Cobeham, John de, 425. Cobham, Lord, 144, 384. CockereU, Mrs. 309. Coettein, Sir Oliver, 215. Coggeshall, — 427. Cohane, Philip de, 202. Coher, Robertus, 272. Coke, Edward, 95 ter. Cole, John, 306. — William, 306. Coleston', WiUielmus de, 272. ColeviUe, Philippus de, 272. Colles, Nicoll, 93. Colney, John, 421. Colson, Sir William, 129. Conrad, Abp. of Cologne, 267. Constable, Sir Jo. 384. Conyers, Sir Jo. 384. — Sir' William, 106. Conyngesby, Master, 119, 123. Cook, Thomas, 140. Cooke, Dr. William, 299. 307. Coope, William, 130. Cooverte, Thomas, 306. Copaigny, Master, 107. Cordos, Lord, 92. Corlien, Francois, 344. Cornew, Thomas, 93. Cornhill, R. de, 393. 397.400.403. — Wm. de, 394, 395. 403. Cornish, William, 95. CornwaU, Rich. Earl of, 67. 76. Corsse, Antony, 121. Cote, Maister John, 427. Cotton, Bartholomew de, 256. Cotun, Radulphus de, 272. Coucy, Raoul Sire de, 66. Countay, Lord of, 193, 194. Courte, Robert, 113. Courtney,P. Bp. of Exeter, 381. — Sir Philip, 384. — W. Bp. of London, 419. CourteviUe, Johan de, 107. 110. 115. 119. Cradock, Sir Matthew, 115. Cranmer, T. Abp. of Canter bury, 289, 290. 292, 293, 294. Crassus, Hugh, 396. Craycrofte, Richard, 305. Cressye, John, 303. Crevecuer, Philip de, 173. Crieucure, or Cryceaulx, Lord, 193. Criell, Sir Thomas, 278. Crisasius, Sir Demetrius, 392. Croidon, Will, de, 278. Crok, Nicholaus, 272. — Robertus de, 272. Cromwell, Secretary, 260. — Lord, 365. Crye, Mons. de, 193. Cunnyngham, — 115. Curzon, Dorothe, 296. 298, 299 bis, 300. 302 bis, 309, 310. — Sir Robert, 98. 101. Cutler, Alfred, 257. Dacre, John Fiennes Lord, 93. — Lord,130.228. 230,231.384. Dale, Thomas, 133. Damport, — 91. — William, 104. Danby, Sir James, 384. Daniel, — 360. — Thomas, 160 bis. 102. Darcy, Sir Thomas, 129. — Thomas Lord, 308. — of Essex, Lord, 295. — Lady, 309. 311. — Wm. and Sir A. 307, 308. Darell, WiUiam, 17, 18. Daigewe, Lord, 239. Darque, Lord, 193, 194. Daubeney, Lord, 114. Daubney, Sir Giles, 384. Davy, Jn. 120. Dawtrye, John, 106. 122. 125. Debenham, Sir G. 124. 384. Dego, the Spanish fool, 91, 92, Dekone, Richard, 116. De la Pole, Edmond, Duke of Suffolk, 88. — Sir Edmund, 384. — J. Duke of Suffolk, 88. 353. — Wm. Duke of Suffolk, 353. Denes, Hugh, 96. 98 bis, 101, 102. 105 ter, 108. 110. 115 bis. Denvers, Mons. 288. Derbi, John, 140. — Thomas, Earl of,, 3. Derwentwater, Sir John, 385. Desmond, Earl of, 123. Dethick, Sir G. and Sir W.175. Devereux, Sir Walter, 8. D'Evreux, Wm. Earl of Salis bury, 341. 342. Devonshire, Earl of, 114. — Thomas, Earl of, 160. 162. Dey, Roger, 305. — Thomas, 303. Dick the fool, 106. -Diep', Drogo de, 400. Digby, Sir John, 99. 118. — Simon, 102. — Thomas, 99. Dike, or Driby, Sir G. 384. Dorenge, Prince of, 193, 194. Dorell, Sir Robert, 384. Dorryngton, John, 306. Dorset, T. Marquess of, 12—14. 16. 90. 102. — Thomas, 242. Douglas, Earl of, 202. 243. 386. — Sir Archibald, 385, 386. Dour, Robert de, 397. Draycot, Bertramus de, 273. Driby. See Dike. Duclercq, Jacques, 174. Dudley, Edward, Lord, 112. — Sir Ed. 384. — D. of Northumberland, 339. — Maister WiUiam, 368. Dugdale, 424. Duket, R. 397. Dunbar, WiUiam, 86. 126 bis. Dundas, James, 118. Dunstall, Sir Richard, 365. Dupindufon, Geoffroy, 345. Durdraught, John, 147. DutiUet, Helies, 345. Dyacon, M.Bp.of St. Asaph, 110. Dymmok, Andrew, 247 ter,248, Dymoke, Sir Robert, 383. Dymock, Sir Thomas, 282. Dynham, John Lord, 368. Edendon, W. de, Bp. of Win chester, 138. 141. 420. 422. Edmund, son of Henry III. 273. Edmund, son of H.V11. 120. 124. Ednam, Dr. 124. Edward I. 253. 256. 271. Edward III. 419. Edward IV. 13. 51,52, 223. 224. 226. 227. 228. 229. 241. 242. 243. 244. 365. INDEX OF NAMES. 439 Edward V. 12 — 14. 16. 22, 23. 242. 244. 369. 376. 377, 378. Egerton, Anne, 296. 300. 309. Egremont, Lady, 129. Ela, Abbess of Lacock, 67. 341, 342. Eleanor, Queen of Edw. I. 271. Elice, Master Geffrey, 103, 104. Eliott, Elsabeth, 296. 300. Elizabeth, Queen of Edw. IV. 12—16. 171. 224. 227. 249. 369, 370, 371, 372. 378, 379. Elizabeth, dau. of Edw. IV. 369. EUzabeth, Queen of Hen. VII. 89. 91. 95 bis, 96, 97. 106, 107. Ill, 112. 117. 124 bis. 127. 129 bis. 130. 132 bis. 249. 285. Funeral, 130 bis. EUzabeth, Queen, 265. 298, 302. Elyard, Sir Robert, 384. Elyete, Mr. 290. Empson, Richard, 106. 113. Emson, — 248. Enderby, Sir WiUiam, 384. Engaine, Sir Thomas, 249. English, John, 126. Englishe, Thomas, 121 bis. Enylden, — 94. Ergham, Bp. of Salisbury, 419. Ernefeud, Johannes de, 272. Eshwell, Elyas de, 267. Esington, Thomas, 131. Esingwold, Sir John, 248. Espeynal, Johannes le, 272. Essex, H. Bourchier, Earl, 107. — Henry, Earl of, 368. — Earl of, 291. — Tho. Earl of, 118. 293, 294. Este, WiUiam, 99. Esterfeld, T. 112. 125. 127. 129. Esturmy, Thomas, 393. Everard, Sir Robert, 384. Everle, WiUielmus de, 273. Eveske, Deulecres le, 396. Eudo alius Warini, 273. Eustace, Bp. of Ely, 399. Ewan, Sir, 248. Exeter, John Duke of, 2. — John Holland, D. of, 159. 161 — Tho. Duke of, 152. 158 bis. Exforth, Countess of, 291. Eyr, Ricardnsle, 271. Faleis, William de, 394. Falconbridge, the Bastard, 241. Falquemort, Beatrix de, 267. Fancellun, Johannes, 274. Fanencurt, Gerardus de, 273. Fauconberg. W. Lord, 160,161. Faunte, Nicholas, 241. Fava, Lewes de Ia, 120. Fayrefaxe, Nych'us, 305. Feenes, Egidius de, 274. Feenez, Lord, 229. Felde, John, 11. Fenes, Ingramus de, 272. — WiU's de, 273. Fenncr, John, 305. Ferrara, Duke of, 243. Feriaut, John, 202. Ferre, Johannes, 273. Ferrers of Cnartley, Lord, 384. — of Groby, Edward, Lord, 14. Ferrers, of Groby,Lord, 384. Ferris, W. 242. FiUol, Ricardus, 274. Fines, Sir Roger, 384, Flsber, Dr. 131. Fishborne, — 415. Fitz Eustace, Thomas, 156. Fitz Herbert, 309. Fitz Hugh, John, 397. Fitzhugh, Lord, 365. 384. Fitz James, Bp. of London, 89. Fitz Odo, Edward, 404. Fitz Otto, Hugh, 273. Fitz Peter, Geoffrey, 394. 397. Fitz Ralph, William, 273. Fitz Robert, Peter, 272. FitzSimons, Bp. of Dublin, 108. Fitz Walter, John Lord, 101. 111. Fitz Warine, Eudo, 273. — Lady, 111. — Lord, 86. Flamank, — 112. Flanders, Sir Ralph de, 65. 79. Flaundres, Count de, 70. Flee, John, 95. 106, 107. 111. 116. 130. Forestres, Mons. 202. Foreman, A. Bp. of Moray, 127. 133. Formezeele, Lord of, 107. Fortescue, Sir Adrian, 353. — Sir John, 353. 390. Fortimari, Thomas, 107. Foster, Anthonye, 306. — Edmonde, 297. 300. 304. 308. Fowler, Richard, 368, 378,379. Fox,R. Bp. of Winchester, 132. Francis II. King of France, 344. Freeston, John, 305. Frestone, Sir Richard, 295. 298, 299 bis. 302 bis. 308. 310. Frowick, Master, 119. 121. 123. Fuket, Master R. 394. Fulbroke, — 94. Fulham, Ivo de, 137. 140. Furnival, John Lord, 388. — Lord, 386. Fylle, Robert, 130. Fyncham, — 247. Fynche, Edmond, 306. Fyndern, Sir Thomas, 365. Fysher, WiUiam, 111. Fytzherbert, — 309. Fywater, Mr. 382. Gacelyn, Galfridus, 272,273. Gafford, Sir George, 304. Garsy, Sir Marlyn, 194. Gaynesford, George, 96. Gayton, Hamundus de, 271. — Johannes de, 273. — Walterus de, 272. GenevUle, WiUielmus, 271. Gesemue, Adam de, 274. GeynviUVGalfridus de, 271. Geyton, Wil's de, 272. Giffard, Sir A. 65.77,78.30. — WiUielmus, 271. Giglys, Poule, 125. Gilbert, R. Bp. of London, 5. — Maister, 427. Gilford, Sir John, 247. 384. Glawde, — , 109. Gleseby, WiUielmus de, 272. Gloucester, Gilbert Earl of, 256. — Earl of, 276. — Anne Duchess of, 14. 16. — Duchess of, 1396, 152. — Duke and Duchess, 1437, 149, 150. — Humphry, Duke of, 147. 159. 161. 280. 357. 359. — Richard Duke of, 12 — 17. 223. 228. — Duke of, 194. 241. 244. 248. 279. Goddard, Thomas, 21. Goduinus, — 273. Goldwell, Bp. of Norwich, 381. Goodrick, T. Bp. of Ely, Lord ChanceUor, 293. Gordon, Lady K. 85, 86. 115. Gorges, Radulphus de, 272. Gorney, or Goney, SirWm. 384. Gower, Sir Thomas, 248. Grantham, Master, 129. Grapezende. See Trapezoude. Grave, Johannes dela, 274. Graundyn, WiUielmus, 274. Graunt Pier, 110. Graunt, Willielmus le, 273. Graye, Richard, 242. Greene, Thomas, 305. Gregory, — 97. Grenell, Thomas, 303. Gresley, Sir Jo. 384. Gressum, Richard, 260. Grey, Sir John, 384 bis. — Lord Rich. 13. 244. 248. — Sir Thomas, 384. — WU1. de, 20. — Wm. Bp. of Ely, 368. 378. — Lady, 103. — of Codnore, Lord, 365. 384. — of Wilton, Lord, 365. 384. Greystock, Lord, 365. Griffith, John, 246, 247. Griffyn, Master, 117. Gryffythe, Morgan, 305. Gubbe, Henry, 135. Gubberte, John, 305. Guer, Johannes de, 274. Guias, Theodore, 392. Guillim, — 89. Guise, Sir Richard de, 65, 66. 79, 80. 84. Guligh, John, 297 bis. 299. 301, 302. 305. 45unthoys, Maister John, 368. Gurnay, Johannes de, 272. Guylford, Sir John, 87. 309. — Master, 90. Gylford, or Guldeford, Elizabeth, 296. 300. 309, 310. Hagalas, George, 298. 301. 305. Kalden, William de, 419. Hainault, Wm. Count of, 23. Hall, — 309. — Mary, 296. 300. 309. Halle, John, 306. — Mrs. 310. Halton, John, 391. Halybrand, — 129. _ William, 132. Hamond, Mrs. 309. Hamplayn, Chas. de, 193, 194. 440 INDEX OF NAMES. Hampton, of Worcester, 86. 106. — Sir William, 382. Hamond, 10. Handloo, John de, 21. Hanill, Hem. de, 20. Hanufe, — 96. Hanwel, Florence, 107. Hare, Robert, 305. 414. Harewe, John, 135. Harington, Sir James, 384. Harper, — 133. Harroden, Thomas, 305. Harynge, Sir Jo. 384. Haselwode, Thomas, 118. Hasset, Master, 93. Hastings, Sir Rauff, 121. — Hugh de, 396. — W. Lord, 368. 373. 378, 379. — Lord Chamberlain, 13 — 17. — Lord, 223 bis. Hatclyffe, Secretary, 224. Hatton, Dr. 123, 124. — Richard, 106. — Sir Robert, 130. Haulton, Robertus de, 272. Hausie, Dr. 93. Haute, or Haulte, Jakes, 100, 101. 106 bis. 113. 121 bis. — Richard, 247, 248. — Sir William, 241.242. Hautvill, Hen. & Hugh de, 395. — Henr. de, 20. Hawe, Thomas, 298, 299 bis. 301. 302. 304. Hawkyns, Mr. 290. Hay, Henricus, 272. Haymond or Hayman, Anne, 296.2B9bis. 300.302. 309.310. — Rauphe, 305. 309. Haywoode, Thomas, 306. Heafhe, N. Abp. of York, Lord Chanc. 298 bis, 299. 302bis. Heins.Dr. Simon, 290, 291. Helyas carpentar', 428. Henderby, Sir Richard, 384. Henefeld, Sir Ralph de, 65. 76. 80. 82. 84. Heningham, Sir Jo. 384. Henry II. 67. Henry HI. 252. 254, 255. 267, 268. 276. Henry, son of Edward I. 266. Henry V. 25. Henry VI. 249. Henry VII. 226. 285. Henry VIIL 95. 98, 99. 102, 103. 105 bis. 111. 116. 119. 123. 126. 131. 261. 264. 286. Henri d'Albret, King, 344. Henry the Scot, 108. Herberd, Thomas, 280. Herbert, Lord, 132, 133 bis. 205. 210. 384. Hereford, Humph. Earl of, 249. Heron, Peter, 120. Heth, John, 132. Heuere, H. wife of R. de, 20. Hexham, Johan, 389. Hide, James, 89. Hilsey, J. Bp. of Rochester, 291. Hobert, John, 428. Hodenet, Baldeyn de, 396. Hok, Julius Alius Walteri, 273. Holand, Dr. 90. Holbein, Hans, 293. Holgens, Arnolde, 298. 301. Hoper — 90, 91. Horsede,Hen.Blius Galf. de,272. HorseweU, Mr. 290. Hosear, Nicoll, 95. Hothe, — 260. Hoton, William, 101. Hough, Thomas, 120. Houton, Stephanus de, 274. Howard, Sir John, 228. — Thomas Lord, 101. — Lady, 309, 311 bis, 312. — Sir William and wife, 308. Hudleston, Sir John, 90. Hugo filius Ottonis, 273. Hundegate, William, 420. Hungate, William, 95. Hungerford, Lord, 365. Huntercumbe, WiU. de, 271. Huntingdon, Earl of, 380. 384. Huntley. See Gordon. Huntley, Alex. Earl of, 115. Hunyeres, D. de, 193, 194. Husee, William, 368. 378, 379. Husy, Judge, 248. Hyde, Galfridus de la, 273, 274. Ilger, — 124. Ingeldesthorp, Johannes de, 272. Ingeham, A. widow of J. de, 396. Ingham, Walter, 68. Ingleby, J. Bp. of LIandaff,115. Innocent, Pope, 405. Ipstans, Christian, 425. Jacobe, Henry, 133. Jacun, — 124. James II, of Scotland, 144, 145. James III. of Scotland, 226. Jane, Qu. of H. IV. 148, 149. 151 . Jaspes, Amirandus de, 274. Jeffrey, Arnold, 116. 119. Jekyll, Sir Joseph, 175. JentiU, James, 132. Jenyns, Steven, 130. Johns, Matthew, 121. Johnson, Edward, 14. 16. — John, 305. 307. Joinville, De, 66. 71. Jones, or Johns, R. 116, 117 bis. Jordan, Henricus, 272. — William, 135. Judde, Sir Andrew, 10. Katherine, Queen of Henry V. 148, 149. 278. — Princess of Arragon, 126, 127 bis, 129. Kayes, John, 305. Kelworth, Simon de, 272. Kemes, John de, 396. Kemp, J. Abp. of Canterbury, and Chancellor, 391. Kempe, balistarius, 397. Kendal, Earl of, 214. Kenedy, Thomas, 131. Kent, Thos. Holland Earl of, 2. — Earl of, 18. 205. 210.380. 384. — Walter de, 156. Ketylby, John, 127. Keu, Robertus le, 271. Keyley, James, 105. Kidwelly, Morgan, 128. Kigheley, — , 91. 130. Kildare, Lord, 115. — Gerald, Earl of, 104. 108, 109. King, Oliver, Bp. of Exeter and of Bath, 15. 17. K-oc vet, Christopher , James, and Antony, 286. — Sir William, 384. Knightly, Sir Richard, 18. Knoville, Bogo de, 22. Knyvett, Master, 119. Kynwolmerssh, Wm. 145, 146. Lacy, Edmund, Bp. of Exeter, 160, 162. Laigne, or Layne, Sir Symon de la, 174. 193, 194. 202. 228. Laing, Sir Anthony de, 193, 194. Lamye, — 247. Lancaster, C. Duchess of, 152. — John of Gaunt, Duke of, 2. 6. 419. — Thomas Earl of, 68, Lang, Marques, 121. Langedon, Henricus de, 274. Langeport, — , 5. Langley, T. Bp. of Durham and Chancellor, 145, 146. 388, 389. Langtoft, Peter de, 66, 68. Lascy, Hugh de,400. Latimer, George Lord, 2. — Hugh, Bp.ofWorcester,289, 290, 291. — Sir Nicholas, 384. — WiUielmus le, 271. Laundrey, John, 20. Laurence, 129. La Warr, John, 402. — Robertus, 273. Lawrence, Sir James, 45. Layton, Roberte, 306. Lee, Richard, 94, 95. 391. Le Fevre, Raoul, 229. Legh, Dr. 226. Leicester, Amicia daughter of the Earl of. 394. Lendesay, — 132. Leonarde, Sir, 305. Leoyn, Willielmus, 271. Lewes, Master, 96. Lewkner, Sir Jo. 384. — Sir Thomas, 384. Lexton, Richard, 248. Leyburn, Roger de, 266, 267. 270, 271. — WiUiam de, 22. Leye. See Atte Leye. Lincoln, Alice Countess of, 68. — Henry de Lacy, Earl of, 67. — Earl of, 380. 384. Lisle, Edw. Viscount de, 14.17. — Viscount, 333. 380. 384. — John Talbot, Viscount de, 14. Lloyd, Piers, 113. Lodlow, Sir Richard, 384. Loke, William, 260. Lomner, — 246. Lond', Stephanus de, 273. London, Robert de, 398. Long Roger, 99. Longespee, William de, Earl of Salisbury, 67. his widow Ela, ibid. 341, 342. — Wm. de, 342. his wife Ido- nea, and son Wm. 67, 68. INDEX OF NAMES. 411 Lungesp', Stephanus, 68. Longuille, Earl of, 214, 215. Loreille, Thomas de, 214. Lorris, Guillanme de, 349. Lovedeyne, Harry, 9. Lovekyn, John, 134 — 139. 141. 419—422. Lovel, Johannes, 271. Lovell, Lord, 354, — Viscount, 380. 382, 383, 384. — Sir Thomas, 111. — Master, 117. 123, 124 bis. — Dr. 248. — Nurse, 296. 300. Lovershale, Laurentius de, 273. Lowes, Sir Henry, 247. Lucas, Thomas, 125. ^ucenburgh, Lord Jacques of, 193, 194. Lucy, Geoffrey de, 64. Lumley, Lord, 365. 384. Lutterel, Alexander, 272, 273. Luvel, Johannes, 274, Luversal, Laurentius de, 273. Lyccbefeld, Maister Wm. 427. Lynche, Master, 89. Magnus, King of Orkneys, 231. Makecayn, WiUiam de, 267. Malesours, Ric. fit. Hen. 274. Malpas, David, 105. Malynes, John de, 286. Mapeldurham, S.de, 272.274. Mara, Henricus de, 68. March, Edward Earl of, 8. — Earl of, 385, 386. Marche, Olivier de la, 174. Marchel, Margar. 25. Mareschal, Willielmus le, 271. Mareyn, Francis, 100. Margaret, Queen of Henry VI. 240. 365. — sister of Edward IV. 173. — Countess of Richmond, mo ther of H. VII. 3, 4. 86. 95. 96. 99. 103. 118. — sister of James III. of Scot land, 242. — Lady, (Qneen of Scots,) 105. 125, 126, 127. 130 bis. Marisco, G. de, 401. — Robertus de, 271. Marion, Nicholaus de, 274. — Robertus de, 273. Mary, dau. of Edw. IV. 369. Mary, Damsel of Burgundy, 229. 235. Mary, Queen, 265. 286. 298. 302. Mary, Lady, 133. Massy, John de, 193, 194. — Henry VII.'s barber, 125. Matrevers, Lord, 384. Mattok, Nicholas, 132. Maudut, Thomas, 271. Mauncy, — 109. MaximiUan, Emperor, 129. Mayce, Odes, 246. Maye, Dr. 94. 105. Maynard, — 132. Mazun, Willielmus dc, 272. Meautis, John, 97. 110 ter. Melun, Robert de, 107. Merbury, Sir Jo. 384. Mercer, John, 306. iWersk, Robert, 137. 140. Merston, John, 148. Merwede, Lord of, 107. Michell, Richard, 20. Middelton, Gilbertus de, 272. Middleton, Dr. Robert, 97. Midleton, Sir Jo. 384. • — Sir Richard, 384. — Sir Robert, 384. Milewatier, John, 8, 9. Miralmont, Lord of, 193, 194. Mitteford, Robertus de, 273. Molaynes, Sir James, 248 bis. Monemue, John de, 68. Monsures, Lord of, 193. Montaigne, or Montagu, Lord 193, 194. Monte Alio, Adam de, 273. — Johannes de, 273. — Simon de,'272, 273. Montferant, Je. de, 174. 194.202. Montfort, Guy son of S. de, 267. Montgomery, Sir Thomas, 210. 368. 378, 379. 384. Mordaunte, Lady, wife of Sir J. 305, 309 bis. 308. 311. Mordon, Walter de, 135. More, Mary, 309. — Ricardus de la, 272. — Sir Thomas, 12, 13. 15. 245. Moreton, Dr. 365. Moreul, or Monell, Ld. 193, 194. Morgan, John, 305. Morley, Lord, 384. Mortemar,' I. wife of R. de, 395. Mortimer, Edmund de, 22. — Hugh de, 278. — Earl of, 142. — Bishop of Ely, afterwards Archbishop, 13. 15. 17. 119. Mounsoun, Sir George, 305. Mountague, Sir Edward, 18. — Lord, 365. Mounte, Thomas, 306. Mountjoy, Lord, 210. 240. Moyne, Berengerus le, 274. Munceaux, Amand de, 385. Munceny, Ernulphus de, 274. — Robertus de, 274. Munferat, Marchesus de, 275. Murisien,' Robertus de, 272. Musgrave, Sir Thos. 385. 386. Muston, Matilda, 415. Mydelton, Dr. 97. 111. 113. 121. Myklow, John, 113. 124. Mylner, John, 3U5. Naffreton, W. Alius L. de, 273. Namur, Count de, 24. Narbon, Archbishop of, 223. Nawnton, — 309. Neell', John, 427. Nerford, Sir Thomas de, 424. — Sir John de, 424. — Margery, 424, 425, Neville, — 122 bis. — Alex. Abp. of York, 420, 421. 423. — Lady Anne, 106. 110. — Anne, daughter of John Mar quis Montacute, 353. — Cecily, daughter of Ralph Earl of Westmoreland, 223. — Hngh de, 398. 402. 424. Neville, Sir John, 2. — • John de, of Essex, 424. — Ralph Lord, of Raby, 342. — Ric. 131. — Robert son of Hugh de, 19. — Sir Thomas, 2. — Walter de, 68. — William de, 21. Neunton, Galfr. de, 24, 25. Neuton, Robertus de, 273. Newark, William, 92. Newburgh, T. and H. de, 21. Nicholas the hospitaller, 401. Nicolls, Robert, 93. Noble, — 197. Noreys, Robert, 391 . Norfolk, Kath. Duchess of, 239. — Duchess of, 154. 227. 230. 306. 310. 311. 381. 383. — John Mowbray, Duke of, 159, 161. — Duke of, 241. 243. 291. 293. 380. 381. 382. 384. 414. Norreys, John, 16 . 162. Norris, — 263. — Sir William, 384. North, Joan, 415. — Lady, 308, 309. 311, 312. Norh'pf, Adam de, 272. Northumberland, H. A. Percy Earl of, 99, 100. — Earl of, 228. 380. 384. — Lord, 92. Norton, Sir Sampson, 104. — Willielmus de, 272. Nottingham, Lady of, 382. — Earl of, 384. Obbeston, Johannes de, 274. Ogan, John, 108. Ogill, Lord, 385. Oldcastle, Sir John, 144, 145. Oldeham, Master Hugh, 111. Oldys, William, 172. 175. Oliver, Alice, 136,137. 140. — John.Wm. &c. 136, 137. 140. Orleans, Louis de, 348. Ormeston, — 120. Ormond, Sir James, 108. — T. Boteler Earl of, 285. — Sir Thomas, 384. Oxenbrig, Thomas, 87. Oxenbridge, Sir R. 307, 308. — Lady, 308, 309. 311. Oxeforye, Sarah de, 24, 25. Oxford, Earl of, 91, 92. 119. 160. 162. '— Robert, Earl of, 68. Pageham, Willielmus dey 274. Pagett, Lord, 297. 301. Paris, Matthew, 65, 66, 67. Parker, Sir James, 89. 110. — Johannes le, 271, 272. Paronus, William, 121. Parre, Gilbert, 147. — Sir William, 368. Parteny, Sir Antony de, 193, 194. Parys, John, 137. 139. Pasman, Dericke, or Theodore, 297. 301. 306. Paston, Sir John, 175. Patrik, Willielmus, 272. Patteslee, John, 148. 442 INDEX OF NAMES. Pavely, Reginaldus de, 272. — Willielmus, 272. Paulet, Quintin, 86. 107. 110. 112. 121. 123,124. 127. Pauncefote, Thomas, 157. Paune, WiUiam, 127 bis. Payn, Thomas, 144, 145. Payne, Galfridus, 271. Paynter, Thomas, 127. Peaty, Richard, 150. Peche, Simon, 272. — William, 137. 141.271. Peckham, Sir Edmonde, 295. 298, 299 bis. 302 bis 308.310. — Lady, 308, 309. 310 bis. 311. Pembreton, Thomas, 305. Pembroke, Hastings Earls of, 6. — Wm. Herbert, Earl of, 90. — Wm. Marshall', Earlof, 342, 343. Penryddocke, Thomas, 305. Pensforde, Roger, 306. Penycoke, John, 150. Percy, Sir Henry, 384. — Sir Rauf, 365. — Sir Thomas, 382. — Walterus de, 271. Perce, Persse, or Percye, Tho. 298, 299 bis. 301, 302. 304. Peremor, Henricus de, 274. Peroy, — 95. Peshun, Johannes, 273. Peter the Saracen, 395. Petrus Alius Roberti, 272. Peter, Italian poet, 86. 103. 110. Peter, Sir, 91. 96. 99. 117. Petit, Jean, 348. Peyssum, Nicholaus, 272. Peyton, Johannes de, 271. Phelip, David, 131. Phelyp, W. 150. Phepo, or Pheps, Thomas or John, 94. 105. Philip Duke of Burgundy, 107. 213, 214, 215. 219. Philippe Bastard de Brabant, 174. 202. Philip, Archduke, of Austria, his sister, 111. Philippa, Queen of Edw. I. 23. — Queen of Edw. III. 155. Philippus, Monsieur, 110. Pilkington, Sir Charles, 384. Pinago, Harry, 93 bis. 116. 123. Pitt, Richard, 113. Plugenet, Hugo de, 273. Plyne, John, 130. Poitiers, Count of, 64. Pole, Margaret, 131, 132. — Sir Richard, 99. 104. 132. Polecote, Odo de, 272. Polignac, Helies de, 345. Pons, Gaspar, 128. Ponynges, Master, 289. Pope, Nic. 297. 300. 305. 308. Porcyon, Earl of, 288. Portes, Johannes de, 273. — Rogerus de, 272, 273. — Walterus de, 274. Portman, Eny, 120. enhale, Alice, 421. Potter, Dorothe, 296. 300. 309. — Richard, 305. Powell, James, 297, 298. 301. Powys, Lord, 365. 384. — or Howys, Sir Thomas, 384. Poynyngs, Sir E. 102. 108, 109. Poynz, Robert, 243. Praet, Daniel de, 107. Pratt, — 100. Preston, John, 120. — Walter de, 398. Province, Count de, 70. Pryce, — 305. Pudesey, — 94. Punchardun, Olyverus de, 273. Pycard, PhUippa, 155. Pye, Maw, 90. Pygot, Richard, 378, 379. Pympe, — 102 bis. Pyn, Thomas de, 274. Pynago, see Pinago. Pynner, — 305. Pynson, R. 86. 122. 131, 132. Pyvelesdon, Jordanus de, 272. Quincy, Saher de, 394. Rabeyn, Elyas de, 273. RadeweU, Richard, 419. RasteU, of the Vache, 309. Ravisten, Lord, 229. Rayneforde, Sir Laurence, 202. Raynesford, — 103. 106. Rede, — 102. — Bartilmew, 100. 103. — Sir Bartelmew, 133. Reding, John, 103. Remonde, — 149, 150. Revel, William, 401. Reymes, Rogerus de, 274. Ricardus de la Garderobe, 272. Richard III. 156. 240. Richmond, Duke of, 337. — Lady of, 381. 383. Ridid, Sir Thomas, 384. Righton, — -. 87. Rikell, Rykyll, or Rykeld, William, 137. 141. 419 — 422. Ring.or Rung,Harman,107. 129. Ringeley, — 88. 92. 106. Rippon, Charles, 120. Rivers; William de la, 117. — Earl, 12, 13. 171. 199. 223. 240. — Anthony Earl, 368. — - Richard Earl, 244. Robert of Gloucester, 66. Robert III. King of Scotland, 386, 387. Robsart, SirT. or Sir P. 384. Roche, Lord of, 193, 194. Rodericus Toletanus, Abp. 275. Roelt, Sir Payne, 152. 155. Rok, Johannes, 272. Rokele, Ricardus de la, 273. Rokewode, John de, 428. — William, 428. Rollesby, William de, 253. RoUeston, Elyas de, 271. — Sir Robert, 149, 150. Roily, Hubertus de, 273. Romeyn, John le, 267. Romundby, Joh. de, 272, 273. Ronun, knight of Poitou, 398. Roos, Lord, 365. — John, 278. — Sir Robert, 249. Roppell, Robert de, 402. Roque, Gaillardon de la, 214. Ross, Duke of, 93. RossiUon, Gerard de, 174. Rotheram, Bp. of Lincoln and Abp. of York, 13. 15. 17. 3681 378. Rothsay, Duke of, 386. Rouny, Lord of, 107. Rousse, — 283. Roussy, Lord, 193, 194. Rowley, Thomas, 305. Rumpello, Sir Otho, 297 bis. 301 bis. 305. Rung. See Ring. Russell, Maister J. 368. 378,379. Russell, John Bp. of Lincoln, Lord ChanceUor, 13, 14. 16- 244.248. — Pentecosten, 135, — Robert, 389. Rutland, Edmond Earl of, 8. — Nich'us, 305. Ruthall, Dr. 111. 118. Ryggs, John, 305. RykyU, or Rykeld. SeeRikeU. Rymer, — 366. Rynglebury, Arnolde, 297 bis. 300, 301. 305. Ryssheton, Nicholas de, 157. Ryvers. See Rivers. Ryves, Sir Roger, 384. St. Edward's, Abbess of, 403, St. George, Sir Richard, 175. St. John's, Prior of, 160. 162. St. John, Maurice, 132. Sancto Johanne, Joh. de, 272. St. Low, Sir William, 384. St. Maria, Bp. of London, 399. St. Martin, L. de Bp. of Ro chester,, 256. Sancto Mauro, Laur. de, 271. St. Maure, Sir Richard, 384. St. Michael, Wm.de, 397. St. Poule, Lord Jakez of, 229. Sakevyll, Drewe, 425. Salford, Peter, Nigel, &c. 135. 137. 140. Salebyr', Ricardus de, 273. Salisbury, Marg. Countess of, 99. — Richard Earl of, 2. — W. Earl of, 399. 403. 419. Sandes, Sir Thomas, 384. Sandwyco, Thomas de, 272. Sanneby, Bertram de, 152. Savage, — 98. 106. — Robert, 96. Savell, Sir John, 126. 384. Saundon, Ricardus de, 273. Saunford, Edmund de, 156. Saunson, Robert, 99. Sauser, Radulphus le, 272. Sauvage, Hugo, 274. — Ricardus de, 273. Saxbye, John, 306. Say, Lord, 365. Say and Sele, James Fienes Lord, 360, 361 . Say, John, 281. 360. INDEX OF NAMES. 443 Scales, Thomas Lord, 171. — Lord, 223, 224, 225. 22S. 230, 231. 365. — Lady, 230. Sconebrok', Henricus Alius Heu- rici de, 272. Scostinton, Galfridus de, 272. Scot, Andreas, 103. — the fool, 100. — Harry, 97. Scrop, Master, 89. — Lord, 365. Scroup of Boulton, Lord, 384. — of Upsall, Lord, 383, 384. Sedgrave, Nicholaus de, 271. See, John, 130. Sele, Stephanus de, 274. Sentcler, Rauffe, 108. Sentlow, Sir Jo. 384. Sewale, John, 137. 141. Sey, Sir WiUiam, 384. Seymour, Master, 120. — WiUiam, son of John, 424. Shaa, John, 100. 103. — Sir John, 117. 120. — Master, 130. Shafham, Ricardus de, 274. Sharp, John, 113. — M'gar, 121. Shaw, Dr. 13, 14. Shaxton, N. Bp. of Salisbury, 289, 290. Sherne, Earl of, 231. i- Countess of, 228. Sherwood, J. Bp. of Durham, 330. 382, 383. Shevers, Lord, 288, 289. Shore, Mistress, 17. Shrewsbury, John Talbot Earl of, 29. 160, 161. 279. — John Earl of, 372, 373. — Earl of, 18. 92. 194. 210. 215. 228. Shrympulmerssh, WiUiam, 421. Sifrewast, Nicholaus de, 272. Sill, or Sttls, Robert, 127, 128. Simnel, 226. Skerning, Roger Bp. of Nor wich, 252 — 259. Smert, J., Garter, 89. 197. 238. Smethe, John, 94. Smeton, Mark, 261. 263. Smyth, Henry, 133. — John, 46. — Nicolas, 98. — William, 110. Solenbrongh, John, 297. 301. Somer, Petre, 305. Somerset, Sir Charles, 98. 103. 105, 106. 115. 118. 125. See Worcester. — Edmond Duke of, 391. — Henry Beaufort Duke of, 90. — John de Beaufort, Duke of, 3, 4. 159. 161. — John Beaufort, Marquess of, 152, 153, 154. 156. — Duke of, 226. 365. Sonnac, Wm. de, Master ofthe Temple, 64, 65.68 — 72. 74, 75. Sonlle, Pousset de, 214. Southampton, Earl of, 293. SowthweU, Sir Richard, 308. Spice, Clement, 425, 426. Sprotborgh, Robert de,137. 141. Sprott, Rowlande, 297. 300. SpyneU, Antony, 116. Stafferton.Thomas, 305. Stafford, Sir Henry, 3. — J. Bp. of Bath, Cardinal Abp. of Canterbury, 2. 5. 280, 281. — Ralph Earl of, 2. — Earl, 1437, 150. — Lord, 205. 210. — my lady of, 149. — Mastres, 122. StaUworthe, Simon, 13. 15. 17. Stanley, Sir Edw. 85. 118.384. — Sir Thomas, 278. — Thomas, 386. — Sir Wm. 101, 102. 121. 384. — Comes Darbey, 332. — Lord, 380. 384. Starkey, Ralph, 226. Stebenherb, John de, 278. Step', John, 396. Sterne, Thomas, 305. Sterre, Matill' and Roger, 135. Sterr, Thomas, 130. Stewart, James, 122. Stillyngton, R. Bp. of Bath, Lord Chancellor, 224. 353, 354. 368. 380. 392. Stockesley, Bp. of London, 291. Stokes, Peter de, 402. Stokton, John, 203. Stonor, Thomas, 353. 356. — Sir Wm.12— 17. 353 — 356. 384. Stooker — 353. 355. Story, — 116. Strange, Lord, 118. 365. Strangways, Philip, 284. Strangewishe, Sir James, 384. StratAlde.Tho. and Rich. 305. Stratford, Henry, 147. Sturdy, Richard, 420. 422. Sturton, Lord, 384. Stutevill, Nic. and W. de, 395. Styveton, Ricardus de, 272. Sudborough, John, 131. Sudbury, Simon, Abp. of Can terbury, 419. Sudley, Ralph Lord, 11. Suffolk, Edmond Duke of, 107. — Katheryne Duchess, 297. 301 . — Michael Earl of, 3, 4. — William Duke of, 159 bis, 160 bis, 161. 279. — Duke of, 8. 207, 210, 212. 241, 243. 293. 357. 359, 360. 361. 380, 384. _ Duchess of, 331,383. Surrey, Earl, 330, 381. 382, 384. — My Lady of, 382. Sukelyng, Joan, 415. Sundreford, Richard, 305. SutheweU, Robert, 115. Sutton, Thomas de, 21. Swych. See Atte Swych. Symond, Symynge, or Simon, Dr. J. 297. 299 bis, 301, 302. 307. Tables.or Taples, J. de,286. 289. Tacye, Adam, 305. Tailour, Johan wife of John, 25. TaiUor, John, 116. — Robert, 117. — or Tayllor, Wm. 98, 100. Talbot, Sir Gilbert, 114, 131. — John, 130. — Thomas, 305. Talboyse, Sir Robert, 384. Talmashe, Alice, 278. Tarbock, Sir Rafe, 384. Tatton, or Totton, Mawde, 296, 300, 309. Tendale, Andrew, 24, 25. Tentevill, Monsieur, 107. Teyndrings, — 124. Teysedale, Sir Wm. priest, 248. Thany, Lucas de, 272. Thirkill, or Thirkeld, Lanslot, 116 ter. Thomas, St., of Ynde, 105. Thomo, or Thomow, Sir D. 297. 299. 301 bis, 302. 305. 307. Thorysby, Thomas, 248. Thrower, Roberte, 303. Thurebert, WiUielmus, 273. Tienges, or Treuges, Lord of, 193, 194. Ties, Theodore le, 397. Todd, Sir Thomas, 93. Toftys, Adam de, 253. Tonor, Oliver, 121. Topcliffe, — Judge.103,105: Toucestre, Galfridus de, 272. Toulongeon.Claude de, 174, 202. Tournay, Bishop of, 231. Trapezonde, or Grapezende, Sir Martyn de, 193, 194. Trappes, Dr., 116. Tredegold, Thomas, 271. Trehampton, John de, 157. Tremayle, Sir John, 287. Trevilian, — 357. 359. — John, 160 bis, 162. Trephry, — 118. Tresham, Sir Thomas, 372. Trivet, Thomas, 252, 256. Trompyton, Rogerusde, 272. Trowe, Thomas, 131. TroweU, John, 415. Tudenham, Roger de, 253. Tudor, Owen, 119. 128. Tunstall, William, 248 bis. — C. Bp. of Durham, 293. Turberville, Robertus de, 271. Turnebull, SirTh. 112. lurpyn, Elyn, 297, 301. TurviU, G. de, 404. Twayts, Sir Thomas, 384. Tybetot, Johannes, 273 bis. — Robertus, 273. Tybold, — 248. Tyler, Roberte, 306. — Wat, 134. 138. — Sir Wm. 124. 128 bis. TyreU, Sir James, 384. TyrreU, J. 242. — Sir William, 157. — Sir John, ibid. Tyteley, Eliz. wife of John, 309. Uffbrd, Robert de, 271. Ughtred, Sir Thomas de, 385. 444 INDKX OF NAMES. UndrehiU, William, 305. Urban, Pope, 405. Urricus ingeniator, 428. Ursyn, — 126. * Urswick.Chr. Dean of York,107. Utrecht, Bishop of, 228. Valois, Charles Count of, 23. Vandelf, John, 112. 120. 127. Vasons, Gonsalvo, 126. Vasqs, Peter, 173. Vavasour, John, 242. Vaughan, — 312. — Elynor and Anne, 296. 300. — Hugh, 51. 89. 110. — Thomas, 297. 300, 304. — Sir Thomas, 13,247. Vaux, Sir Nicholas, 127. — Master, 120. Veerpont, R. de, 398. 400, 401. Vekyn, Peter, 117. Vendosme, my Lady of, 288. Verard, Antony, 128. Verdun, Johannes de, 273, 274. Vere, Sir Robert de, 64. 65, 68. 76. Verre, Sir George, 384. Vertu, Robert, 125. Vescy, Johannes de, 272. — William de, 341, 342. Villeneuve, Huon de, 345. Vincent, the Armorer, 121. Vis-de-lou, Thomas, 428. Vitall, John, 20. Vitulus, Godfrey, 402. Vttaux, or Viceaulx, Lord of, 193, 194. Vonecorps, — 131. Wodeburg, Radulphus de, 272. Wadham, — 109. Waldecke, Lorde, 297. 301. Waleis, Augustin, 136. Waleys, Henricus, 273. Walescole, Ric'us de, 272. Walerand, Rob. 266, 267. 270. Walloys, John, 305. Wallshe, John, 98. 108. Walpole, Horace, 173,226. Walrond, Sir Walter, 68. Walterus Al. Hildebrondi, 273. Walwayn, John, 136. Walworth, Sir George, 136. — Margaret, 136 — 138, 140, 141. 419—423. — Thomas, Cecilia, and Ag nes, 135. 136. 137. Warbeck, Perkin, 226. Warham.W.Bp.of London, 125. Warmyngton, or Wermyngton, W.de,137,138. 141.419 — 422. Warner, Sir Edward, 313. Warr. See La Warr. Warrender, John, 156. Warwick, Henry, Duke of, 6. — Richard Beauchamp, Earl of, 25, 26. 132. — Richard Nevill, Earl of, 6, 14, 160. 161. — Richard, Earl of, 6, 223. 226, 227, '228. — Thomas, Earl of, 6. 419. — Earl of, 118. 123. 149 bis, 150. 171. 173. 240. 241. 365. 364. Wassue, Petre de, 202. Waver, Thomas, 248. Waud, or Wenda, WiUiam de, 342, 343. Waxhan, — 313. Wayte, A. wife of R. Ie, 21. Welles, Kauphe, 306. — Richard Lord, 282, 283, 284. — Lord, 384. Wells, Archdeacon of, 402. Wengham, Henry de, 68. Wenlock, Lord, 365. Wentworth, Sir George, or Sir Harry, 384. — Sir Philip, 365. — Thomas, 305. — Lord, 305, 310. Werkes, William, 284. West, Dr., 129. Westerly, Robert, 46. Westminster, Abbot, 13. 16. 149. Westmoreland, Joan Countess of, 2, 6. 152. — Ralph, Earls of, 2, 6. 88. 106. 120. Weston, — 127. 129. 131. 263. — Johannes de, 273. Whale, — 116. Wheteley, Robert, 46. Whithemede, Robert, 137. 139. Whitheved, J. and M. 137, 141. Whiting, — 122. 126. — Thomas, 215. Whitingham, Sir Robert, 365. — Richard, 118. Whitlok, Robert, 113. Whittinglon, or Whytington, Jane, 296. 300. 309, 310. Widele, or Wadele, Sir Robert de, 65. 76. 79,30.82. 34. Widvile, Sir John, 228, 239. 241. 248. See Wydvill. Wiet, or Wyot, H. 94, 102. Wilgheby, Willielmus Alius Roberti de, 273. Willicke, Otho, 297. 301. Willielmus fil. Radulphi, 273. Willielmus filius Warini, 273. Willoughby, Sir Chris. 384. — deEresby, R. Lord, 160. 161. — Lady, 248. Wiltshire, John Earl of, 372. — Earl of, 120, 154. 380. 384. Winchester, Marquess of, 308. — my Lady of, 2JI5. Wingfield, Sir Edward, 120. — Sir Henry, 384. Wint, John, 127. Wistenston, Willielmus de, 272. Wodecok, — 110. Wodeburg, WiUielmus de, 272. Wodeford, Henry, 101. Wodestoke, Dom. Thomas, 419. — Martin, son of Henry, 147. Wolff, Vincent, 119, 121. Wood, Sir Jo. 384. Woodgate, Regnolde, 305. 307. Woodstock, Thomas of, 24. Worcester, Rich. Beauchamp, Earl of, 6. — C. Somerset, Earlof, 90. 93. — Earl of, 365. — Tiptoft, Karl of, 241. Wortley, Sir Thomas, 384. Wotton, Sir Nicholas, 293. W astulingwrth, Johannes AI. Trhomas de, 273. Wright, John, 283, 284. — Robert, 9S. Wriothesley, Sir Thomas, 175. Writh, John, 114. Wroth, John, 140. Wrotham, W. de, 395. Wy, Rob. fil. Simonis de, 272. WydeviU, Sir E.242,243. 246. — L. Bp. of Salisbury, 13. 16. — Sir Richard, 241. — See Widvile, and Elizabeth. Wygeton, Walterus de, 273. Wykes, Peter, 137. 139. Wyley, — 120. Wylson, WiUiam, 305. Wymbushe, or Wymbysshe, John, 296. 300. 304. 307. Wyngfeld, Mrs. Dorothe, 296. 299 bis, 300. 302. 305. 309,310, 311 bis. Wynslow, — 110. WythepoU, — 260. Wytman, Thomas, 247. Yattinden, Willielmus de, 272. Yaveneswych, Johannes de,272. YUeye, Willielmus de, 272. Yonge, Sir WiUiam, 384. York, Cecily Duchess of, 88. — Richard Duke of, son of Ed ward IV. 8. 13 — 16. 160 bis, 162. 175. 223. 242, 243 bis. 371, 372. 378. Young, John, 203. — Thomas, 241, 242. Zouche, Lord, 384. — Sir William, 384, THE END. PRINTED BY.SAMUEL BENTLEY, Dorset Street, Fleet Street. (7