390020143901 YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 1946 William Alexander, Earl of Stirling (From Caiv's Scottish Gallery) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON (East of Canoe Place) BY JAMES TRUSLOW AD.\MS, M. A. HAMPTON PRESS BHIDGEHA-JVIPTOIM. L. 1. 1918 Copyright by James Truslow Adams 1918. ^f Bf1 2 \ > TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Illustrations References Preface Chap. I. Chap. II. Chap. Ill, Chap, IV. Chap. V. Chap. VI. Chap. VII. Chap. VIII Chap. IX. Chap. X. Chap. XI. Chap. XII. Appendices Index Land, Geological History, Climate, Animals, etc. The Indians The Coming of the English Growth and Expansion to 1700 Government and Social Life Pirates and Other Eighteenth Century Matters Early Commerce and the Founding of Sag Harbor The Revolution .... The War of 1812 . , , , Early Nineteenth Century Growth and Dacline of the Whaling Industry Conclusion V IX XIX 1 21 43 68 94 122 14Q 165185 199 227 246 255 401 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Earl of Stirling Frontispiece Map of Long Island, 1661 , , , . Facing Page xx Map of Long Island, 1675 3 Map of Long Island, 1668 5 Map of Long Island, 1665 ... 7 Shinnecock Hills in Winter .... 10 Map of Long Island, 1651 12 Crooked Pond ,,.,,. 14 A Pool on North Haven , , . , 19 Indian Earthenware Jar 23 Indian Palisaded Villages 26 Sylvester Pharaoh 30 Stephen Pharaoh 30 Map of Long Island, 1700 33 New Amsterdam and Indian Canoes 35 Map of Long Island, 1690 39 Atlantic Coast Indian 42 Old Farm Road 46 Conscience Point , , , , , 48 Mackay Homestead Bl Old Jennings House , .. . . 51 Manor House of Edward Howell 53 Title Page of Pierson's Catechism 60 Shore near Shelter Island Ferry 62 After a Storm , , , . 67 On the South Shore 67 Sag Harbor Turnpike 69 White Homestead, Sebonack 76 Tyndall's Grove 78 Types of Early Tombstones 83 The Windmill at Water Mill 85 Benedict's Mill at Water Mill , 92 North End Burying Ground 92 VI LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Old Hook Schoolhouse, Southampton Presbyterian Church of 1707, Southampton Capt, Isaac Sayre House Isaac Foster Homestead Edwin Halsey House The John Wick (Briggs) House . Sandford Homestead Old Hildreth House . Jackson Homestead Old Mill on Mill Hill Cattle Marks The Hollyhocks Old Southampton Academy Old Sayre House Toll House, Sag Harbor Turnpike Lumber Lane and Turnpike Figure Head, Canoe Place Old Cannon from Sylph Old Bridgehampton Academy Road at Sebonack Shore at Noyack . . , , Lower Main Street, Southampton St, Ann's Church, Rectory and Parish House Col, Benj, Huntting (Mrs. Sage) House Methodist Church, Sag Harbor John Jermain House , , , , Old North Haven Toll Bridge , Bridge over Otter Pond Outlet Old Schoolhouse, Sag Harbor , Outpost Captured by Col. Meigs Presbyterian Church, Southampton Sag Harbor in 1845 A View at Sebonack A Cove on the North Shore Title Page, Daggett's Rights of Animals Presbyterian Church, Sag Harbor Shore at Homes Hill British Earthworks, Southampton Suffolk D O'wns David Gelston Old Gelston House , Title Page, Warner's Dream The Mill and its Miller, Bridgehampton Hampton House Old Atlantic House Facing Page 94 94 97 99 99 101 101 103 103 106 108 110 110 112 115 119 122 126 126 129 131 185 138 142 144 147 147 149 151 151 154 156 158 161 163 165 167 167 170 172 172 174 176 179 179 LIST OF ILLUSTRA-TIONS Capt. Austin House L. Page Topping House . Presbyterian Church, Bridgehampton The Surf, Bridgehampton Shore near Sag Harbor Field in Swamp, Cold Spring . The Road to the Mill . Residence of James L, Breese, Esq. Sagaponack Bridge A Bit of Sagg Pond Methodist Church, Bridgehampton Hay Ground Wind Jlill View at Seven Ponds . "The Tent on the Beach" On the South Shore Methodist Church, Southampton Old Herrick House Elisha 0. Hedges House Bridgehampton Church of 1737 Old Saw Mill, Seven Ponds Eoman Catholic Church, Southampton Garden Gate, Parrish Art Museum Parrish Art Museum Nathan Sandford Whaleship Manhattan Page from a Log-book Capt. Mercator Cooper House Capt. Mercator Cooper Stranded Bark, Clan Galbraith Whaling off Southampton about 1690 Whaling ..... 'Whaling . , , . . Episcopal Church, Sag Harbor St, John's, Southampton John Jermain Memorial Library . St. Andrew's Dune Church Catholic Church, Bridgehampton Southampton Hospital Southampton High School , Pierson High School Rogers Memorial Library VII Facing Pago 181 " 181 " 183 " 186 " 188 " 190 " 190 " 193 " 197 " 199 " 202 " 204 " 208 " 211 " 211 " 213 " 213 " ' 215 " 215 " 218 " 220 " 222 " 222 " 225 " 227 " 229 " 231 " 234 " 236 " 236 " 238 " 240 " 243 " 243 " 245 " 245 " 247 " 250 " 252 " 252 " 254 REFERENCES (The following list is not intended to be a complete bibliography, and contains only works actually referred to in the text. In ref erences, the foUo'wing abbreviations are used: Coun. Min. Mss., for New York Council Minutes Manuscripts; Col, Mss,, for New York Colonial Manuscripts; T, R, for Southampton Town Records; and E. H, T. R,, for Easthampton Town Records.) Adams, H, B. The Germanic Origins of New England Towns. J, H, U, S., Series I, II, Baltimore, 1882. Adams, H, B, Village Communities of Cape Ann and Salem. J. H. U. S., 1st Ser. IX-X, Baltimore, 1883, Adams, J, T, Memorials of Old Bridgehampton. Bridgehampton, 1916, Adams, John Quincy, Memoirs, comprising portions of his Diary, 1795-1848, ed, by C, F, Adams, Philadelphia, 1875. 12 Vols. Adams, Chas, Francis, Genesis of Mass. Towns with discussion. Mass. Hist, Soe, Proceed, Ser, II, Vol, VII, pp. 172-263. Allen, J, F, The first Voyage to Japan, Essex Inst, Coll, Vol, II, pp, 166-169. Allyn, Charles, The Battle of Groton Heights, &c. New London, " 1882, American Archives. Ed, Peter Force, 4th Series, Washington, 1837. 6 Vols. Andrews, Israel Ward. McMaster on our Early Money. Mag. West. Hist, June, 1886, Vol. IV, No, 2, pp. 141-152. Atwater, E. E, Hist, of the Colony of New Haven. New Haven, 1881. Ayres, J. A, Legends of Montauk, -with an historical Appendix, Hartford, 1849. Backus, Isaac. Hist of New England with particular Reference to the Denomination of Christians called Baptists. Boston, 1777. 2 Vols. Barber & Howe. Hist, Coll. of the State of New York, 1845. Bayles, R. M. Sketches of Suffolk County, 1874. X REFERENCES Beauchamp, W. M, Wampum and Shell Articles used by the N, Y. Indians. Bull, N. Y, State Mus, No. 41, Vol. VIII, March, 1901, Albany. Beauchamp, W, M, Aboriginal Place Names of New York, Albany, 1907. Beauchamp, W. M, Aboriginal Occupation of New York. Albany, 1900. Beauchamp, W. M, Civil, Relig, and Mourning Councils and Cere monies of Adoption of the New York Indians, Albany, 1907, "Bee," Files of the. New London, Vol. 1, 1798. Beecher, Lyman. A Sermon containing a gen'l Hist, of Town of Easthampton. Sag Harbor, 1806, Blome, R. The Present State of His Majestie's Isles and Territories in America &c., with New Maps of every Place &c. Licens'd July 20, 1686, London. Printed, 1687. Brereton, John. A Brief and true Relation of the Discoverie of the North part of Virginia &c,, London, 1602. (Sailors' Narra tives, Boston, 1905.) Bridgehampton, The, News. Files. 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Connecticut Hist, Society, Collections of the, Hartford. Connecticut, Public Records of the Colony of, 15 Vols, Hartford, 1850-90, REFERENCES XI Cooley, H. S. A Study of Slavery in New Jersey. J, H, U. S,, Ser, XIV, No. IX, X. Bait., 1896. Corrector, The. Sag Harbor. Files. Dankers [Jasper] and Sluyter [Peter]. Journal of a Voyage, &c. Brooklyn, 1867, Dapper, D, 0, Die Unbekannte neue Welt, &c, Amsterdam, 1673. Davis, Capt, W. M. Nimrod of the Sea. New York, 1874. Denslow, L. G, N., M, D, The Climate of Long Island. Medical Record, June 1, 1901. Denton, Daniel. A Brief Description of New York, &c. London [1670], Ed. G. Furman. New York, 1845. Dexter, F. B. Biog. Sketches of the Graduates of Yale College with Annals of ths College Hist. New York. 6 Vols. deVries, D, P, Notes of Several Voyages, &c,, 1655, N. Y. Hist. Soe. Coll., 1857. Dorr, Henry C. The Narragansetts, in Coll, of Rhode Island Hist. Soe, Vol, VII, pp. 137-237. Providence, 1885. Dunlap, Wm, Hist, of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the U, S. New York, 1834. 2 Vols. Dwight, Timothy. Travels in New England and New York (1796- 1815), New Haven, 1821-22, 4 Vols, East Hampton, Town Records of. Sag Harbor, 5 Vols. 1887-1905, Essex County, Mass., Records & Files of the Quarterly Court of. Pub. by Essex Inst., Salem, Mass, 5 Vols. Essex Institute, Hist, Coll. of. Salem, 1859-, 51 Vols. Edwards, Jonathan. Works. Worcester, Mass., 1809, 8 'Vols, Egleston, Melville, The Land System of the New Eng, Colonies. J. H, U, S., Series IV, Nos, XI, XII, Flick, Alex. C, Loyalism in New York during the Am. Rev, Col, Studies in Hist. Econ, & Pub. Law, Vol. XIV, No. 1. New York, 1901. Flint, Martha B. Early Long Island. A Colonial Study. New York. 1896. Foster, W, E, Town Gov't in Rhode Island. J, H. U. S., Series IV, No. II. Bait,, 1886. Freeman, E, A. An Introd, to American Institutional History. J. H, U, S., Series I, No, I, Bait,, 1882, French, J. H, Gazetteer of the State of New York, 1860, Frothingham's Long Island Herald, Files of. Sag Harbor, 1791, Fuller, M. L. Geology of Long Island. Washington, U. S, Geol. Survey, 1914, Furman, G. Antiquities of Long Island, 1874. Farrand, Livingston. Basis of American History. New York, 1904. Gardiner, L. Relation of the Pequot Warres. Printed in Mass. ' Hist. Soe. CoH., Series III, Vol, 3, Cambridge, 1833. XII REFERENCES Gardiner, David, Chronicles of the Town of East Hampton, &c. New York, 1871, (Reprinted from "Corrector" of 1840.) Gardiner, J. L. Observations on the Town of East Hampton at the East End of L. I. Written by John Lyon Gardiner of the Isle of Wight in April, 1798, &c. N. Y. Hist, Soe. Coll., 1869. Gookin, Daniel, Hist, Coll, of the Indians in New Engl,, 1674, Printed in Mass, Hist. Soe. Coll, I. Boston, 1792, Griffin, Augustus. Griffin's Journal. Orient, L, I., 1857, Guernsey, R, S, N, Y, City and Vicinity during the War 1812-15, &c. 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Centennial Address, 1876, Sag Harbor, 1876, Hedges, H, P, Bi-Centennial Address, 1886, Sag Harbor, 1886, Hempstead, Joshua, of New London, Conn,, Diary of. 1711-1758, New London County Hist, Soe, New London, Conn,, 1901, Hempstead, Records of "the Towns of North & South, Jamaica, 1896. 8 Vols. Hough, F. B. Essay on the Climate of State of New York. Albany, 1857. Howard, G. E, An Introd, to the Local Constitutional Hist, of the U. S. Baltimore, J. H. U. S., 1889. Howell, Rev. G. R. History of Southampton, 2nd edition, 1887. Howell, Rev. G. R. The Settlement of Southold. Babylon, 1894. PIuntington, Miss. The Deserted Fane. Mss. in L. I. Hist. Soe. Library. REFERENCES XI 11 Huntington, Rev. E. B. History of Stamford, Conn,, from its set tlement in 1641, &c. Stamford, 1868. Indians of Greater New York and the Lower Hudson. Ed. by C. Wissler. Am. Museum of Natural Hist. Anthrop. Papers., Vol. Ill, New York, 1909. James, J. A, English Institutions and the Am. Indian. J, H. Univ. Studies, Series XII, No, X, Baltimore, 1894, Jameson, J. F. Montauk and the Common Lands of East Hamp ton, Mag. of Am. Hist., April, 1883. Josselyn and Cuffee, Lords of -ihe Soil. New York. Johnson's Wonder Working Providence [1654]. Reprint, New York, 1910, Johnson, John. Rudimentary Society among Boys. J. H. U, S., Series II, No. XI. Baltimore, 1884. Josselyn, John. An Account of Two Voyages to New E.igl,, &c., made during the Years 1638 and 1663, by John Josselyn, Gent., London, 1675. Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll., Series III, Vol, 3. Cam bridge, 1833. Lamb. Biog. Diet, of the U. S. Boston, 1903. 7 Vols, Lauber, A, W. Indian Slavery in Colonial Times within the Pres ent Limits of the U. S. Col. Univ. Studies in Hist, Econ. & Pub. Law, Vol. LIV, No. 3, whole No. 134. New York, 1913. Lechford, Thomas, Esq., Lawyer in Boston, Mass, Bay, Note Book kept by. From June 27, 1638-July 29, 1641. In Archeologia Americana, Cambridge, 1885. Lewis, A. Hist, of Lynn, Mass., 1844. Lewis and Newhall, Hist, of Lynn, Mass. Lynn, 1890. Lewis, Elias, Jr. Ups and Downs of the L, I, Coast. Pop. Science Monthly, Feb., 1877. Long Island Star, Files of, Brooklyn, 1809. Maclear, Anne B, Early New England To-wns. A Comparative Study. Col. Univ. Studies Hist. Econ. & Pub. Law, New York, 1908, Manate, &c., the Commodities of the Island called. Ed, by Munsell, Albany, 1865, Massachusetts Hist, Soe. Collections and Proceedings. Mather, F, G, The Refugees of 1776, from Long Island to Conn, Albany. Mather, Cotton, Magnalia Christi Americana, Hartford, 1855. 2 Vols. Mather, Increase. Early Hist, of New England, &c,, 1677. [Re print Boston, 1864,] Maverick, Samuel, A Briefe Description of New England and the Severall Townes therein together with the present government thereof. Mss. 1660, Reprint Boston, 1885, XIV REFERENCES Megapolensis, John. A Short Account of the Maquaas (Mohawk) Indians in New Netherland, their country. Stature, &c., 1644. Hazard Hist. Coll., Vol, I, pp, 517-527. Maine, Sir, Henry S, Village Communities in the East and West, New York, 18:^<9, Miller, W, J. Geological Hist, of State of New York. Albany, 1914. Moore, Geo. H. Notes on the Hist, of Slavery in Mass. New York, 1866, Moore, Chas, B, Historical Address, New York, 1890, Moore, Chas. B, Town of Southold, L. I. Personal Index prior to 1698. New York, 1868. Moore, Chas, B. The Early Hist, of Hempstead, L, I. N. Y, Gen. and Biog, Record, Vol, X, No, 1, pp. 1-16, Moore, Chas. B. Shipwrights, Fishermen, Passengers from Eng land. N. Y. Gen. and Biog. Record, April, 1879, pp. 66-76. Oct. 1879, pp. 149-155, Moore, Chas. B. Laws of 1683. Old Records and Old Politics. N. Y. Gen, & Biog, Record, April, 1887, pp, 49-63, Morgan, E. V, Slavery in New York: the Status of the Slave under the English Colonial Government. Am, Hist. Assoc, Papers, Vol, V, Oct,, 1891. Montanus, Arnoldus, Description of New Netherlands, &c,, Am sterdam, 1671. 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D, A Complete Hist, of Conn,, &c. 2 Vols. New Haven, 1818. von der Donck, Adriaen. Beschijvinge von Virginia, Niew Neder- landt, Niew Engelandt, &c. Amsterdam, W51. Walker, G. L. Some Aspects of the Relig. Life of New England, &c, Boston, 1897, Weeden, W. B, Indian Money as a factor in New England Civiliza tion, J. H. U, S., Series II, Nos. VIII-IX. Weeden, W. B. Econ. and Social Hist, of New England Boston 1890. 2 Vols. REFERENCES XVU Williams, Roger. A Key into the Language of America, &c,, 1643, Reprint Narragansett Club Pub., Series I, Vol, I, Providence, 1866. Whitford, N, E, Hist, of the Canal System of the State of New York. 2 Vols. Pub, by N. Y, State, 1905. Winthrop Papers. Mass. Hist. Soe, Coll, 6 Vols, Winthi-op, John. Hist, of New England. 2 Vols. Ed, 1853. Bos ton, Wood, Silas, Sketch of the first Settlement of the several Towns in Long Island, 1828, Wood, Wm. New England's Prospect, A true, lively and experi mental description of that part of America Commonly called New England, &c,, 1634, (Reprint Prince Society. Boston, 1865.) Wolf, Lucien. Sir Moses Montefiore. New York 1885, Wooley, C. W., A. M. A Two Years Journal in New York and Part of its Territories in America, London, MDCCI. Ed, 0'- Callaghan, New York, 1860, Wyandank, Pharaoh vs, Jane Ann Benson & Mary Benson, &c , &c. Supreme Court, N. Y,, Suffolk Co,, Defendants' Brief, 1909, Wilson, Rev. Clarence Hall. Hist, Address 150th Ai.niversary oT th:; Founding of the Sag Harbor Presbyterian Church. Sag Har bor, 1916, PREFACE The unexpected interest aroused by the publica tion of the Memorials taf Old Bridgehampton and the call for a second edition have led me to re-write that volume, from a different standpoint and ¦with the ad dition of much new material, in its present form as the history of the whole Town east of Canoe Place, The choice of the Canal as a dividing line was an obvioui. one for several reasons. It was, for one thing, the western boundary of the original grant and settlements, and so remained for many years. Even after the pur chase of the lands beyond it, their development was slow and the history of the Town was the history of its eastern portion. It will also be noted that 1 have endeavored to ob struct the narrative as little as possible with purely genea logical or antiquarian detail. The Town Records, in cluding their entries as to the divisions and sales of lands, are in print, as well as the genealogies of most of the prominent families of the several communities and are easy of access to those curious in such matters. The task I set myself was a different one, and was simply to tell the general story of the Town from its founding, to the present day, to picture the continuing life of an American community from its beginning, I have the pleasure of repeating the thanks I of fered in my previous volume to Mr, "W. S, Pelletreau, Mr, Addison M. Cook, the family of the late Judge Hedges, to Mr, Wm, D. Halsey, Mr, A, W, Topping and to Prof, W O, Crosby, In the present one my debt X.\ HREF ACE is largely increased to Mr. H. D. Sleight, of Sag Harbor, who has helped me greatly in all matters pertaining to tliat port and the whaling industry. In addition I wish to acknowledge my thanks to Mr. Stewart Culin, of the Brooklyn Institute Museum, who kindly had the two drawings in the Indian Chapter made for me; to Mr. Wilberforce Eames, who has greatly helped me in the matter of Sag Harbor imprints; Mr. O. B. Ack erly, who has allowed me to reproduce the title pages of the Sag Harbor volumes; Mr, Peter Nelson, Archi vist of the State of New York; to the Smithsonian In stitution of Washington for permission to reproduce the two Indian portraits, as well as to The J. B, Millet Publishing Company of Boston for the right to repro duce that of Lord Stirling; to the Hon, F, C, Hicks; Mr. W. L. Jagger; Mrs. T. O, Worth; Mr, Frank E, Haff; Mr, E. Jones Hildreth; Mr. F. G. Mather; Mr. S. O. Hedges; Mr. Stephen Hedges; Rev. Dr. C, H, Wilson; Rev, W, M, Fanton ; Rev. C. S. Gray; Rev. Francis V. Baer; Rev. S. C. Fish; Rev. Father Cherry; Capt. W. S. Bennett; the Proprietors of the Seaside Times, the Southampton Press, the Sag Harbor Ex press, the Sag Harbor News and Bridgehampton News, and the Colonial Society of Southampton for the use of cuts ; as well as to many more who have also helped me in one way and another, including my father, Mr. Wm. Newton Adams who did the work of copying the documents in the Appendix and has read all of the proof. My thanks are further due to Mr. H. M. Hallock, of the Hampton Press, which publishes the volume, for his personal help and interest in all matters relating to the task of seeing it through the press. JAMES TRUSLOW ADAMS, "AA'igwam," .VIecox, October 4, 1917 CHAPTER L LAND, GEOLOGICAL HISTORY, CLIMATE, ANIMALS, ETC, The present bounds of Southampton Tnwn bct^in, at their most easterly point, upon the ocean beach a lillie west of Wainscott Pond, and run thence more or le>-> northwesterly in a straight line (except for a small jui: on the south due to a boundary dispute with East Hamp ton)* to Shelter Island Sountl through the eastern por tion of Sag Harbor Village, From that [loint, the line follows approximately the centre of the Sound, cnclosinj; Hog Xeck and Xoyack Bay, passing throuj^li the Little and Great Peconic Bays (south of Robing Ulandl. into Flanders Bay, and thence up the Peconic Riverv to a point almost due north of Eastport, The we>lern bound is an almost straight line from the Peconic River to the Ocean, which it reaches a little west of the Moriche-. Coast Guard Station, From this western point to the eastern point, along the beach is approximately J7I/2 miles. A glance at the mapl shows that the land so bounded is more or less in the form of a dumb-bell, or of two bottler joined at their mouths, the Shinnecock Canal, |1 coniiectinK *See Story of a Celebration pp. 71 et seq. tSometimes early called the Accoback River. Col. Docts. Vol. XIV, p. 600, tThe best map is that engraved from the U, S, Govt. Topog. Sheets and published with Fuller's Geology of Long Island. IIThis canal was begun in 1884, the estimated cost then being «^t; nnn Unexpected difficulties were met and the canal was only finallv completed in 1901 and had cost the State $225,500. It is Y rmn 4;+ iriTTo- 40 ft. wide on bottom and 58 at water surface, Whit- • ford Hist of Canal System, State of N. Y„ Vol, I pp. 576-587. 2 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Shinnecock Bay with the Great Peconic at Canoe Place, forming the dividing line between the roughly equal por tions of the Township. The present course of the Canal was approximately the original western boundary of the Town as granted by Lord Stirling and pur chased from the Indians in 1640, and it is with the east erly portion, embracing, as it does, all of the first pur chase, the earliest settlements, the richest lands, the most important villages and the only port, that this book will mainly deal. The outstanding physical feature in the conforma tion of the land is the marked division into hills and plain, the former rising to an elevation of 302 feet at Bald Hill, which marks the highest point on eastern Long Island. Generally, however, they are but one to two hun dred feet in height, and all lie in the northern half of the Township throughout its length, constituting a most in teresting feature in the landscape, though I fear the de scription of them as "mountains" in the survey of 1738* can hardly be allowed even by one who loves them. The descent to the water on the north side of the Town is usually abrupt, giving rise to many sand cliffs, almost perpen dicular and of considerable height. On the other hand, the slope to the ocean on the south, from the lo^wer level of the hills is exceedingly even and gradual, forming the great plains which contain most of the Town's farming- lands. The edge of this "overwash plain" as it is called, is much indented by innumerable small creeks and coves on the shores of the larger Moriches, Shinnecock and Mecox Bays, and by other sheets of water, which form the land into peninsulas or "necks," in which the most fertile soil is usually found. These sheets of water and their low shores are protected from the sea by the great barrier beach, which extends practically unbroken from the eastern part of the Township westward to Tamaica Bay. For a fuller understanding of the physical features of the landscape, a brief account of its geological history is required. This history is made up of the record of al- *T. R. Vol. Ill, p. 94. Map of Long Island (From Rog-geveen. Amsterdam, 1675) HISTORV OF THE TOHN OF SOUTIIAMFTON 3 ternate depositions of sedimentary deposits under water, of the rising- of the gradually formed land above the sur faces of successive seas, and of later changes brought about by the glaciers, with final minor surface altera tions due to the still active agencies of wind and rain, together -with the currents and waves of the ocean of today. America has always been spoken of as the New AVorld, but though this is partially true in an historical sense, it is by no means so geologically, for one of the very oldest rock formations of the earth is that known as the Grenville,* which is found in the Adirondacks and probably in the Highlands of the Hudson, This rock was of sedimentary origin, and at the time it was de posited upon a still earlier but as yet undiscovered sub-form ation, all of northern and eastern and perhaps southwest ern New York was below the level of a sea. The esti mates of the time required for the deposit of this layer of sediment, since hardened into rock, call for a period of from twenty to twenty-five million years. The great changes in the relations between land and water areas in geological periods have given rise to successive oceans of varying bounds and sizes, and these oceans of former days are called by the names of the periods in which they occurred. Nothing is known of the shore line of this earliest Grenville Ocean except for the fact that as sedi mentary deposits are made by the wearing down of ad jacent land masses and as they are not carried far into deep waters distant from the shore, this section of the old coast line of that day could not have been very dis tant either to the west or north. We know only that an ocean of undetermined size and shape then existed, and, owing to the finding of graphite in its deposits, that life of some sort, either animal or vegetable, was already stirring within its waters. At various times during this period, great disturb ances occurred due to igneous activity in the earth *For the geological facts in this chapter, I am mainly indebted to Miller's Geol. Hist, of N. Y, State, Fuller's Geol. of Long Id,, and personal correspondence with Prof, W, 0, Crosby. The following paragraphs follow closely the same portion of the text in my Me morials of Old Bridgehampton. 4 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON thousands of feet below the surface and the forcing up into the Grenville rock of enormous masses of molten material, of which probably the oldest became the Laur- entian granite. At an indeterminate time in reference to these disturbances, a great mass of land including the whole of the Adirondack region, and possibly all of northern and eastern New York, was raised above the then sea level as the result of enormous pressure, and a land of mountains, probably far higher than the Adiron dacks of today, was formed. By the time, however, that we reach the geological period known as Cambrian we again find all eastern New York sunk below the level of the Cambrian Sea, with the exception of a part of the Adirondacks, which still remained as a mountainous island. Next followed the Ordovicic period, during which the ocean covered all the Mississippi A alley, the Appalachian Mountain region and all New York and New England, except the Adirondack island, while, on the other hand, a great continent known as Appalachia existed in ¦what is now the Atlantic Ocean, the western coast line of that now lost continent being approximately the present eastern coast line of the United States, It is evident that we are still far from the appearance of any such small and definite land mass as Long Island, Toward the close of the Ordovicic another great con vulsion took place throughout what is now the eastern United States north of Virginia by which a stupendous mountain range, known to geologists as the Taconic, was thrown up and eastern New York again became dry land. Processes of erosion and continental sinking then ensued, and by the end of the Siluric period all eastern and southern New York was again covered by a sea. Passing over further intermediate changes and com ing down to the close of the Tertiary, we find the eleva tion of southern New "\'ork some 3000 feet higher than at present and the coast line about 100 miles further eastward, the Hudson River emptying into the ocean that distance from its present mouth and the site of I, ong Island part of the continent far inland. In th-e next, and present period, the Quaternary, occurred those changes which brought about the existence of Long Is- Long Island (From the Zee-Atlas. Amsterdam 166S) HISTORY OF THE TOHN OF SOUTHAMPTON 5 land in general as we know it at the present time. A long period of subsidence occurred, followed by a shorter one of elevation carrying the land to about its present level. Its surface was then further modified by the action of glaciers or ice sheets producing the main features of the landscape as it appears today. These ice sheets,* which gradually spread over the land flowing down from the north from three centers of accumulation and out flow were of almost incredible extent and thickness. It is estimated that they covered in all an area of 4,000,000 square miles and that their thickness in New York was several thousand feet, completely submerging the Adi rondacks and possibly the Catskills, although thinning out very rapidly along their southern limits, which coin cided here with the line of Long Island. The edge of the sheet, with changes in climate, may have advanced and retreated several times, and the whole duration of the period has been variously estimated at from 500,000 to 1,000,000 years, while the average estimate of the period involved since the final retreat of the ice is 25,000 years. It must be understood that during the whole of the ice period the ice was steadily flowing southward and that the terms advance and retreat merely indicate that the point at which melting of the ice stream took place was sometimes further south than at others. During this slow , continuous flow, the ice gathered material from the land it passed over, and by its movement and the enormous pressure, scored and eroded the surface, de positing at last, along the line of its final melting, the ac cumulated boulders and debris of all kinds wh'ch it had picked up. This material, so deposited, was of vast ex tent, and when the glacier's melting limit remained more or less stationary for a long period, formed -what are called moraines, of which one of the best examples is the line of hills already alluded to. From the front of the glacier as it melted, enormous amounts of water poured forth, carrying in it the finer portions of the accumulated matter to be deposited by sedimentation, the greater part near the glacier, the * It is a disputed point in Long Island geology whether there was only one or several successive invasions of the ice. 6 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON amount lessening as the distance increased. It was in this way that was formed the even, gently sloping plain already mentioned which stretches from the hills to the sea, except where now submerged by the bays. Sometimes the water issued from the glacier front in the form of a separate well-defined stream, in which case the deposit would be more or less fan like in shape, form ing a lobe-like hill, of which the best example on the Island is Bald Hill, in the western part of the Township. Or, again, owing to the advance and retreat of the ice front within a limited area, compound instead of single morainal ridges would be formed, of which one of the best examples is that extending from Hampton Park to Sag Harbor, The Shinnecock Hills, on the other hand, which display much mixture of material and numerous "faults", seem to have been formed by the shoving before it of material by the glacier, although their present sur face contour is largely due to the drifting of the sand blown by the winds. Among the most interesting and characteristic of glacial formations, which can best be studied by the ex amples near Bridgehampton, are those depressions, fre quently occupied by ponds or lakes, which are technically known as "kettles." Many of the ponds in the To^wn be long to this class, and one of the most noted on the Island is that known as Scuttle Hole Pond, on the north side of Scuttle Hole Road, These kettles originated in various ways. Sometimes they were merely the depressions be tween two successive deposits of glacial material, in which cases they are rarely more than thirt.y feet deep, their axes running parallel to the line of the old ice face, while at other times they were made by the deposit of glacial material over huge blocks of ice, projecting ice masses or solidified accumulations of snow. In all these latter cases, the material would be deposited either upon these masses or banked up against their sides, and as the latter melted, the debris would sink down taking the place of the ice or snow, thus forming depressions of varying size and shape below the surrounding surface. Sometimes the melting ice mass would itsetf deposit contained material by the little streams which flowed V^arana ¦rank) Visscher Map, 1665 HISVORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 7 from, it, forming what are known as kettle rims, of w)iich the best example on the Island is near the gap in the moraine two miles northwest of Southampton. Occas ionally these kettles occur in "chains" or "valleys," which form a very distinct topographical feature of Long Island and again the best example is in this Township, being the one formed by Scuttle Hole, Jehu, Austen's, Long and Kellis Ponds, near Bridgehampton, As already stated, it is held by some that there were interglacial periods due to changes in climate, and it is to these warm periods that they attribute the growth of trees and other vegetable matter, remains of which have so frequently been found buried deep below the deposits of subsequent periods.* The shells found at different levels in boring the *These have been found for the most part in borings for wells. The record of that driven by Messrs. J. A. Sandford & Sons in Bridgehampton is given below: Depth in feet. 70. Tisbury (Manhasset formation) ? Gray micaceous clay with a few small quartz pebbles. 100, Sankaty (Jacob sand and Gardiner's clay) ? Medium grayish white sand and gravel, with pieces of greenish clay containing fragments of shells. 105, Jameco — Fine to medium orange colored sand. 110. Jameco — Orange colored gravel, apparently identical with that of the old glacial bed on Gardiner's Island, 112. Jameco — Very fine yellow silt, with orange gravel. 115. Cretaceous — Fine gray sand with muscovite and lignite. 140. Cretaceous — Medium yellow sand, with fragments of shells. 155. Cretaceous — Greenish gray sandy clay, with fragments of shells. 165, Cretaceous — Very fine dark gray sand, with some coarse white quartz sand. 190. Cretaceous — Fine light gray sand, 210. Cretaceous — Fine to coarse light gray sand with partly lignitized wood. 215. Cretaceous — Medium white micaceous sand. 222. Cretaceous — Fine light gray sand with lignite. 231, Cretaceous — Lignite and large flakes of muscovite, ?35, Cretaceous — Medium white micaceous sand. 275-287, Cretaceous — White sand, muscovite and lignitized wood, 287-288. Cretaceous — Fragments of iron pyrites, 288-300. Cretaceous — Fine to medium grayish yellow sand. Prof. W. 0. Crosby gives me his interpretation of the above as "Outwash, drift and Sankaty 0-105 feet, Lafayette 105-115 feet, Miocene 115-165 feet, and Magothy 165-300 feet," 8 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Sandford well were thought by Fuller to belong to an interglacial epoch, and until 1914 no shells belonging to the Tertiary period had been found on Long Island. In that year much interest was aroused among scientists by the discovery made by Thos, C. Topping of a bed of fossil shells of that period in a road pit on the west side of the Brick Kiln Road to Sag Harbor, about a half mile north of Mrs, Gardiner's drive. They were buried from 8 to 10 feet below the surface of the ground at a point between 3 and 4 miles from the ocean and about 140 feet above sea level, the locality being below sea level, of course, at the time the shells found their perma nent resting place there.* The beaches along the south shore have been formed partly by deposition and partly by erosion. The main material is quartz sand with some magnetic and garneti- ferous sands intermixed, pebbles being found only where the beach adjoins the main land. Owing to the appar ent necessity of a very thorough stirring of the sands in order to separate the magnetic and garnetiferous par ticles from the quartz, the segregated masses of the former are best seen after a heavy storm. It is probable that in the ice age, the beach, along the eastern part of the Town at least, was from a half mile to a mile further seaward than at present, it having been made by erosion and the surplus material carried west ward to form the great barrier beaches south of the Bays. This work of erosion is still going on, the ocean having probably encroached a hundred feet or more upon the land since the settlers first came, while about two acres are annually lost in the neighborhood of Montauk. It has been stated that whale boats aban doned on the north side of the dunes have been over whelmed by them and have long after reappeared on the ocean side, the sand hills passing completely over them on their march inland. Last year (1916^ the wind and *Prof. Crosby in writing me states that he believes these fossils to be undoubtedly of Sankaty age and that his colleague Dr, Hervey W. Shimer has identified the following species: Venus mercenaria (variety antiqua). Area transversa. Area linula, Anomia aculeata, Crepidula fornicata, Neverita duplicata, and Clina sulphurea. See Memorials pp, 9-10 for Prof, Crosby's full field notes. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 9 water having made a deep cut through the dunes about 200 feet west of the Coast Guard Station at Mecox, I found that there had been uncovered an old road, which was probably used by the early settlers to gain access to the meadow lands back of the beach, and which in any case must have originally lain north of the dunes. It lies at present under about fifteen feet of sand in the middle of the dune formation.* While the beach here is thus gradually being worn away, those to the west are being built up, there being at the same time a general slow subsidence of the land. This has been very marked in Peconic Bay, fformer cedar forests at Riverhead being now completely submerged, while it is probable that a large part, if not all, of the Bays on the south side were originally dry land. One hundred and fifty years ago the bottom of the Great South Bay was in many places covered with the stumps of trees, and even forty years ago large numbers of oak stumps, 12 to 24 inches in diameter were found at Islip in the salt meadow of A\^m, Nicoll, Esq,, and also on the north side of the beach *An article in the News, May 13, 1910, states that owing to the sh'fting of the dunes on the farm of John Hand, an old road also came to light there. This road along the beach banks was not, as has several times been stated, the old main road. That followed the line of Mecox Road and crossed Calve's Creek at the Wading Place. The beach road is probably 200 years old, however, and was used not only to gain access to the meadows for grass cutting, but was also used later by the fish wagons. These had very broad tires, and the wide tracks still visible are probably those made by these wheels. There are many specific evidences in the Town Records of the encroachment of the sea. Among others may be noted Vol. V, p. 280, John Jagger's beach lot, now covered by the dunes; Ibid, p. 289, Frog Pond now under the beach; Vol. II, p. 353, notes an old boundary fence still visible in 1864 at very low tide, originally set in meadow bottom. Thompson, Hist, of Long Id,, Vol. I, p, 41, men tions land at Southampton as having been covered by dunes, which later moved off again. tMr. H, D. Sleight writes me (Apl, 18, 1917) in reference to erosion of the coast at Sag Harbor, "where the summer home of F. C, Havens is located at Bluff Point, just east of Conklin's Point, where stood Uriah Gordon's boat shop, the late Edgar Hunt told me before his death, a number of years since, that the erosion had been so great the sea had cut into the bluff fully fifty feet during his life. He was a surveyor and a man not prone to exaggerate Gull Island has disappeared. In my boyhood there was a small portion left. Cedar Island would be gone but for protective breakwater. I have bird-nested where there is now eight feet of water," 10 HISTORY OF;^.HE TOWN OF SOU'EHAMPTQN undejr three feet of wa-ter at low tide. The early settler^ had a tradition, apparently received from the Indians, that the whole of the Bay was once a fresh water swamp, so little wet at times that it could be passed over dry shod to the ocean, and that the Bay is comparatively modern is also suggested by the' fact that no Indian shell heaps have been found near it.* In the Roggeveen Map, 1675, reproduced in this volume, interesting evi dence is given of changes in depth of the water both in that Bay and off the shore of Southampton Town. The action of the sand, however, is not wholly con fined to the immediate shore line, but aided by the winds instead of currents extends in some cases far inland. All of the hill formation of the old moraine south, southeast and southwest of Sag Harbor, before it became forested, was covered with drifting sand, as were also the Shinne cock Hills, as already noted. Various bits of contempor ary evidence enable us to trace the changes in these latter during the past century, and to see how nature unaided has gradually transformed a desert waste. In 1804, Timothy Dwight described them as "a succession of dis agreeable sand hills; a considerable part of which are blown, like the grounds formerly mentioned in the de scription of Cape Cod; and exhibit a desolate and melan choly aspect."t Forty years later Prime spoke of them as "composed almost entirely of fine sand, which is still drifted hither and thither by the winds perfectly naked except extensive patches of whortle berry, bay berry and other small shrubs ;"|| while Bayles described them in 1874 as "huge hills of sand" forming "an impass able barrier which divided the intercourse of civilization here and there a patch of some low-gro-wing shrub and scattered blades of poverty grass are the only *Elias Lewis, Jr,, Ups and Downs of the L. I. Coast. Pop, Sc, Monthly, Feb. 1877, tTimothy Dwight, Travels in New Eng. and New York, ed. 1822, Vol, III, p, 317, He adds "these hills were once cultivated; but from the poverty of the soil, and the ravages of the wind, appear to have been finally forsaken." II N, S, Prime, History of Long Island, p, 15, Shinnecock Hills in Winter HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 11 lepresentatives of vegetation that dare an existence."'!' At present, while there is as yet no forest growth, there are innumerable fair-sized cedars, black oaks and other trees, singly and in groves, (particularly toward the west), while the hills are thickly covered with various vegetation of lower sorts, t The wild and desolate aspect of this region in the early days seems to have given rise to various legends of a gruesome sort, of which I have found only one pre served, which is of a "dare-devil traveller who challenged all the grim spirits of the infernal regions to deter him from them on a dark and stormy night, many years ago, and was soon after found lying dead by the roadside, without a mark of violence upon him except that his tongue was drawn out 'by the roots' and hung on a neighboring bush. As his money was found untouched in his pockets, it was evident that the mysterious deed had not been perpetrated for plunder, and as the peculiar nature of the wound seemed to forbid the supposition that human hands were responsible for the deed, its commission was ascribed directly to the fiends of dark ness whose vengeance the hapless traveller had de fied."* For long, these hills and the country west of them, as Bayles wrote, formed an almost impassable barrier to intercourse, and exerted no little influence in keeping the early settlements here isolated from those to the west-ward. Even as late as 1867 a traveller crossing them in a buggy wrote that "our gait through them might have been two miles an hour," while further west in earlier days as the traveller advanced he found the land "so closely covered with tangled wood and in- tR. M. Bayles, Sketches of Suffolk County, p. 325. tOn Feb, 19, 1861, 3200 acres of Shinnecock Hills and Sebonac Neck were sold at auction for $6250, Express, Feb. 21, 1861, A couple of generations ago there was a wind sawmill located at about where the Peconic Bathing Station is now on the north shore of the hills, to saw cedar logs from trees growing round about, *Bayles„ Ibid, p. 324. § Express, Dec. 12, 1867. 12 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON tersected by streams and morasses as to prevent passage on foot,"* Whatever the conditions on these hills may have been when the settlers first came, there is ample evidence to prove that the plains were well wooded in many places close to the ocean shore. Of Montauk, in 1650, Secre tary von Tienhoven wrote that it "is entirely covered with trees, without any flats, "f The report of the lay ing out of land in 1653 in Sagg and Mecox contains evi dence of conditions there for lot number 26 is described as "on the skirt of the little plaine eastward of mecox water running from the beach lo the creek toward the woods," and lots 28, 29 and 30 as "bounded by marked trees, "J Further westward, again, in Southampton village we find in 1645 in connection with laying out 10 acres on the "great playne" it was provided that "what shall be wanting shall be supplied at the upper end next the wood land," II Many more instances might be given. but there is no doubt whatever that the plains were ex tensively wooded and that some of the timber, at least, was of fair size, although the Indian custom of burning the underbrush through the woods in the spring prob ably destroyed much timber and perhaps checked the development of a larger growth, § This Indian custom was also followed by the settlers, and we find regulations in regard to the dates of firing and other matters in the *C. B. Moore. Early History of Hempstead, p, 6, tN, Y. Col, Docts, Vol. I, p. 365. JT, R. Vol, I, pp, 98, 99, In a deed dated Apl, 12, 1666, 1-3 of a £50 allotment at Sagg butting north into the woods and south upon the sea is sold to Thos. Topping, while another tract, of 10 acres, in the previous year, was bounded south by the ocean and north by woods. News, Mar. 11, 1915. II T, R., Vol- I, p, 36. See for points further westward, Canoe Place division of 1738, in which cedar swamps are mentioned, pines and red oaks used as boundary marks, and the "Red Seder timber on the beach" allotted, T- R„ Vol, III, p, 127. §As to the size of some of the trees. Miss H. B. Hedges stated to me that her father told her that his father told him that their former house on Sagg Street was originally built of timber grow ing on the site of the house (present homestead of Mr, Clifford Fos ter), The house was remodelled in 1709, was built of oak and the beams very large. [Burned,! From Vender Donok's Beschrijvinghe von Virginia, & c, Amsterdam 1651. HISTORl' OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 13 Records of the various towns. :|: Very early also we begin to find evidences of a very strict conservation of the woods in such items as that of Sept. 1662, when Richard Smith "being convicted of misdemeanor in and about felling timber contrary to order & strict prohibi tion, is awarded by the Cort to pay £5 to the town's use" &c.,* and, again, in 1664, when it was ordered that "from henceforth noe person whatsoever shall improve any timber within the bounds of this Towne, in pipe staves, or of any other nature or form, by selling them to any that shall convey them out of this plantation upon penalty of 20s. per tree,"t Some writers have concluded that such items indicate a scarcity of timber, but I think they are merely evidence of a wise policy of conserving the Town's resources for the future, for as a matter of fact, such regvilations are found in the records of almost every town in New England at that period regardless of the abundance of wood in the neighborhood, § At the present time the woods range from about two to four miles from the ocean, || and, very likely as a re sult of this steady decrease in the area covered with trees, the amount of water in the ponds and streams seems likewise to have suffered a steady decline. The presence in early days of mills and dams on streams which now hardly exist except at certain times, as well as other indications all point to this in my opinion. In 1843, Thompson mentions as one of the nine principal marshes of Long Island, the tract between Sagg Pond and Mecox Bay, now all firm land. The Pond was un doubtedly much larger originally, and a mill and dam were located at its head where the bridge now crosses tSee e- g„ Southold, T, R„ Vol. I, p, 329. *T. R., Vol II, p. 20. tibid, Vol. II, p, 233, §See Southold, T, R-, Vol, I, nn. 319 and 325; Plymouth Colony Reed,, Vol. XII, p, 8; Weeden Econ, Hist, of N. E., Vol. I, pp, 62, et seq; Adams, Village Com, Cape Anne and Salem, pp 54, et seq; and innumerable other references. II I am speaking of the eastern half of the town. 14 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON the trickling stream from the swamp.* Hacker's Hole, on Ocean Road, Bridgehampton, was at one time a pond of considerable size, though now practically dry, while Kellis Pond used to drain into Mecox Bay through a canal-like depression still clearly traceable, and a mill was located on this now lost stream, where it crossed Paul's Lane, Scuttle Hole Pond has shrunken largely even in the last generation, for Mr, A, M, Cook tells me that as a boy he used to fish from an apple tree now far back from the water's edge, and such instances might be multiplied in other parts of the Town. On the other hand, certain ponds, as also happens elsewhere on this island, seem to show great variations in the amount of water from time to time, notably, in this neighborhood, the one known as Poxabogue, which in September 1910 became so dry that people could walk across its bed, which was said at that time not to have happened before for ninety years, § It has always been the custom from the earliest times to cut openings through the beach in the autumn, or at other seasons when necessary, to allow the waters of Mecox Bayt and, later, of Sagg Pond to flow into the ocean, partly to prevent these sheets of water flooding the surrounding lands, partly on account of the oyster beds, and, at first, largely to ensure the running of the stream for Howell's water mill. The cut so made is known as the "Seapoose," and occasionally, though wrongly, as the "Bay-poose," The word is Indian in origin and signifies a "little river," being also sepoese, (little river) in the Narragansett tongue,! The first syllable has nothing to do with our English word sea, *Sagg Swamp used to be the Mill Pond and the timbers of the old mill are still visible at times just south of the road on the west side of the stream. This was Deacon Hedges' fulling mill over a century ago- §News, Sept, 30, 1910, fThis bay was surveyed in 1884, and was found to contain, in cluding creeks, 1,157 acres, the "great bay" containing 760, Ex press, Jan, 24, 1884, JRoger Williams, A Key into the Languages of America, &c. The cut, now made at Water Mill beach, was at one time further east, near Mr, Berwind's bungalow, and it is this which is sometimes re ferred to as "the old route," J^j:^^siu.l»-A\, ^JJL. - - ~r^i__-z-^ „:- - - --^«'-- L Am/A ^f&ttA Crooked Pond HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 15 but has given rise to the term sea-puss. References to cutting the Seapoose are frequent in the Records and always refer to the outlet for Alecox Bay, The earliest i have found is of 1647, when "the burthen of opening the beach for the miU"|| was mentioned, showing clearly the original purpose of the cut, while, again, in 1653, "Captain Topping, Mr, Rayner & John White are ap pointed and left to agree (if they can) with the miller .concerning the alteration of his mill to ease the town of the burden of opening the seapoose" &c.* Human nature sometimes got the better of parliamentary pro cedure apparently for "at a town meeting November 2, 1652, Isaack AA'illman in a passionate manner said that some of them that voated for the raising of the mill knew noe more what belonged to the seapoose than a dogge. Note, he hath given satisfaction. "f The land as described above, with its hills and plains, its woods and fertile fields, its numerous ponds and streams and deeply indented shores, with the ocean on the south and sheltered harbors on the north, combined \vith the comparative friendliness of the natives, thus made an ideal locality for settlement, but there is an other particular in which the East End of the Island is almost unique on the seaboard, which is the climate. In the first half of the last century official observations cov ering a period of (for the most part) 25 years were made at 62 different Academies located at various points in the state, of which. Clinton Academy, East Hampton, was one. For that period it was found that the number of clear days per year was much greater there than at any of the others, averaging 20,41 per month as compared, for example, with only 12.50 per month for New York City. If These figures were borne out in a later period by the tables of sunshine made by the U. S, Government in 1899, which showed that the East End had 100 more clear days in the year than New York City and 162 more than Rochester, and that in the matter of sunlight it II T. R„ Vol, I, p, 43, *T. R-, Vol, I. p, 94, tT, R., Vol, II, p. 85. IF. B, Hough, Essay on the Climate of Long Island, pp- 29-30, 10 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON could be classed with such places, noted in this respect, as Phoenix, El Paso, and Sante Fe,t Temperature figures show it to possess the coolest climate in summer on the entire Atlantic coast from Florida to Maine with the single exception of Nantucket, while the extreme average dates for killing frosts are three weeks later in the fall and a month earlier in the spring than at the western end of the island, J In one other respect the cli mate here is unique in New York State, elsewhere throughout which the greatest deposit of moisture occurs in summer, while here it occurs in winter. Not only, however, did land and climate offer such unusual advantages for colonization, but the water liter ally swarmed with many varieties of edible fishes, while the southern coast was a favorite resort of "the King of waters, the Sea shouldering whale" as AVood quotes Spenser in his New England's Prospect.* Shellfish of many sorts were also exceedingly plenty, including those from which wampum was made, as will be more partic- tLe G, M. Denslow, M, D., The Climate of Long Island, Med, Rec ord, June 1. 1901. tThe follo^wing temperature figures (the earlier set recorded in East Hampton and later in Southampton), appeared in an article by Ernest S, Clowes, in the News, Feb. 16, 1917: 1827-43 1901-15 January 30,1 30,9 February 30,7 28,6 March 36,4 37,9 April 44.4 46,0 May 53 2 55,7 June 62,8 64,2 July 69,9 70.7 August 68.5 69.1 September 62,5 64,2 October 52,2 54,6 November 42,2 43,7 December 33 5 33.7 In Feb.. 1885, the ocean froze for a half mile from shore Ex press, Feb. 19, 1885, *"Upon the South-side of Long Island in the Winter lie store of Whales and Crampasses, which the inhabitants begin with small boats to make a trade catching to their no small benefit. Also an innumerable multitude of Seals, which make an excellent oyle; they lie all the Winter upon some broken Marshes and Beaches or bars of sand before-mentioned, and might be easily got were there some skilful men would undertake it," Denton- Brief Descrintion &c 1670, p, 6, ' HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 17 ularly noted in the next chapter. Wild fowl were to be had in enormous quantities,! while all early writers agree as to the abundance of turkeys, though the state ment of one of them that "there are verie fayre Turkeys fare greater than heere 500 in a flocke" is, I fear, of equal veracity with the same author's note that "ther is also a race of Bufaloes wch will be ridden and brough to draw and plowe and be milked, "t which reminds one of Jos selyn's interesting discovery that in America porcupines lay eggs, II Of the larger animals, deer seem originally to have been plenty, but in 1726 an Act of Assembly was passed for "the more effectual preservation and increase of Deer on the Island of Nassau [Long Island] "*so there was evidently some fear at that time of their extermina tion. Beaver were also fairly abundant in parts of the island, leaving evidence of their existence in this Town in the name of Beaver Dam, but they were most numer ous west of here and Southold, although the translation of Huppogues, the Indian name for the present Smith- town by "the beaver place" would seem to be an error, § With all this abundance of useful animal life, how ever, there were not wanting beasts troublesome and dangerous to man, "wild vermin" as the East Hampton t"Wild Fowl there is great store of, as Turkies, Heath Hens, Quails, Partridges, Pidgeons, Cranes, Geese of several sorts,' Brants, Ducks, Widgeon, Teal, and divers others. There is also the red Bird, with divers sorts of singing birds, whose chirping notes salute the ears of Travellers with an harmonious discord; and in every pond and brook green silken frogs, who warbling forth in their untun'd tunes strive to bear a part in this musick." Denton. Brief Descrip,, p- 5, +The Commodities of the Island called Manati ore Long Island, which is in the Continent of Virginia, II John Josselyn. An account of two voyages to New England, &c,, 1675, K one wants to have a natural (or unnatural) history revel he should read the description of the unicorns and other fauna of early New York in Arnoldus Montanus, 1671, reprinted in Doct, Hist- of N. Y., Vol, IV. *Col. Docts., Vol. V, p. 782, §In 1654 John Cooper sued Jonas Wood for £4 of beaver skin, T. R-, Vol, I, p. 53. In 1657 John Gosmer receipts to John Cooper for 100 pounds of beaver, T. R., Vol, II, p, 244, 18 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Records quaintly call them,t In the sea were sharks which would "leape at a man's hand if it be overboard and with his teeth snap off a man's legge or hand if he be a swimming,"* while on the land foxes, wolves and wild cats were so troublesome as to form subjects of constant legislation,! and in all the eastern towns bounties were paid for the killing of these pests. Of the wolves of New England, Wood wrote that "they care no more for an ordinary Mastiffe, than an ordinary Mastiffe cares for a Curre ; many good Dogges have been spoyled with them, One of them makes no more bones to run a-way with a Pigge, than a Dogge to runne a'way with a mar row bone in a word they are the greatest inconven- iency the Countrey hath,"§ In 1649, Southampton of fered 20 shillings a head for wolves killed within the Town limits, II which rose to 30s, in 1651, when the Town employed an individual, Robert Merwin, as a public wolf hunter,! In East Hampton, on the other hand, the whole Town was sometimes required to turn out for a wolf hunt at the beat of a drum, absent citizens being J"For wilde Beasts there is Deer, Bear, Wolves, Foxes, Raccoons, Otters, Musquashes and Skunks," Denton- Brief. Descrip,, p. 5. One raccoon has come down in history for its tragic death. Wolley took it to England with him "where one Sunday in Prayer time some Boys giving it Nutts it was choaked with a shell." Wol ley, Journal, p, 42, ?Wood's New Eng. Prospect, p. 37, In Mar,, 1853, a live sea tiger, 5 feet long, weight 145 lbs,, was captured at Sands Pt, On derdonk Scrap Book, Signed article by A- R. Sands, tAs late as 1791 a bounty of 4s, was offered for every fox, T, R,, Vol, III, p, 333. In East Hampton the Town Accounts show 2 wild cats paid for in 1699, 4 in 1701, 2 in 1703, 3 in 1725, 3 in 1726, 5 in 1727, 5 in 1732, 9 in 1733, 2 in 1734, 1 in 1735, 4 in 1737, 3 in 1739, 1 in 1748. 1 in 1751| E, H. .T, R„ passim, SWood. New Eng, Prospect, pp, 26, 27, II T. R„ Vol, I, p. 31- Also Vol, V, pp. 50 and 91. 1l"In consideration of his care and paines about the killing of wolves by setting of guns or watching or otherwise, he shall have 30s. per Wolfe for every one it appears he killeth, provided that if any beast [cattle] be killed in probability by the wolves, and he the said Kobert have notice thereof that he repaire unto the place where the r„.ast IS slamc, whcllu-i- al Meacocks or Sa-aponack or elsewhere anv cort or mr.nH;;''^';"^-'"^ ^',"y *"'"'^ ^^^ ¦'^''- R'^l'^'''t bee warned to S I eshaUK.,!:. ":;"/, '^'^ ""^-^ h'^ - "PO" the forsaid design, T R., Vol. I p 81 \' ; :'^F ?r""'.,'?''a"'"'^^ f™-" such meeting,- &c, " ^^' "" ' R- ^ol- I, pp. 4(; and 255. A Pool on North Haven Copyright By Eister Studio HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 19 fined.! fn spite of all efforts to exterminate them, how ever, they continued to menace the comfort and safety of the settlers and in 1676 the matter was taken up at the Court of Assizes in New York.t Bears also make their early appearance in the Town Records, in which their being hunted by the Indians is mentioned* and they also lived in a wild state on the Island at least as late as 1759, when "a large one passed the house of Mr. Sabring, Brooklyn, and took the water at Red Hook."! The so-called "dogs" of the Indians -were nothing but young wolves trained up and were also a constant source of danger and annoyance to the settlers. Thus in the dispute between Southampton and the Shinnecock In dians, which was carried to New York in 1680, the set tlers complained that the Indians "contrary to covenant & the termes of amitye doe exceed in great number of doggs & when they are called upon to kill such doggs they utterly refuse & doe norish & bring up kennels of ym yt are more preiuditial then al the wolves yt are about" &c.§ It was settled at that time that each Indian s'lould be allowed to keep one dog and be responsible for damage, but in the Town Records we read in 1718 that it was "Ordered that ye Indians shall be fetched up to Kill their Dogs ferwith by a warrant from ye Justis."|| Five hundred years earlier, in the wisdom of the East, the IE. H,, T, R., Vol. I, p. 53. t"Whereas it is represented to this Court, that since Alteracon of ye Manner of paymt for killing of Wolves hath been great neglect hath hapened therein. It is therefore ordered that the whole paymt for the Killing of a Wolve or Wolves shall hereafter be borne by the Publick, & the Constables of the Respective Townes are to allow the same out of the Country Rates as heretofore." Ni Y, Col, Mss., 25: 209. "(Oct, 7, 1676,) *T. R., Vol, 1= p 158. HHe was killed, N. Y. Gazette, Nov. 26, 1759. §Col Docts. Vol. XIV, pp. 756, et seq, II T. R., Vol. V. p, 84, In reference to Indian dogs Mather (Mag nalia, Vol. I, p. 560) makes a curious statement, "it is particularly affirmed that the Indians, in their wars with us, finding a sore in convenience by our dogs, which would make sad yelling if in the night they scented the approaches of them, they sacrificed a dog to the devil; after which no English dog would bark at an Indian for divers months ensueing." 20 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Persian poet Saadi had sung of the power of heredity over environment, * ? .r At length the wolf's whelp grows a wolf, Even though brought up in the company of man. CHAPTER II. THE INDIANS. At the time of the settlement of Long Island by the whites, there were thirteen principal Indian tribes living on the island, viz : the Montauks, Manhassets, Shinne- cocks, Corchaugs, Unkechaugs, Setauketts, Secktaugs, Nissaquogues, Merricokes, Marsapeagues, Matinecocks, Rockaways, and Canarsies.* These all belonged to the great Algonquin family, the most widely extended of all the aboriginal stocks,! and differed so little among them selves as almost to be considered bands rather than tribes. Each, however, had its sachem, those of the four eastern tribes being brothers, and a sort of general over- lordship of the other tribes on the island being vested in Wyandance, Sachem of the Montauks,! though Pen- hawitz. Sachem of the Canarsies, attained considerable power and headed the tribes engaged in war with the Dutch in 1643. AVyandance, however, though the most noted of the grand sachems, did not hold that office at the first coming of the whites, succeeding to it on the *Vide Wood, Sketch of Fi'rst Settlement; Prime, History; Thomp son, History; Beauchamp, Aborignal Occupation of New York; Skinner, Indians of Greater New York; Ruttenber, Indian Tribes of Hudson River; &c. There seem to have been here and there small groups known by other names, such as the Accobacks on Peconic River, but their relations are very obscure. The Accobacks were conquered by the Shinnecocks. tVide, map, p, 90, Farrand, Basis of Am, Hist, tFor confirmation of Indian deed for Hempstead by Sachem of Montauks, 1657, see Col, Docts , Vol, XIV, p. 416, 22 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON death of his brother Poggatacut, of the Manhansetts in 1652,* Speaking generally, the Montauks lived east of the Southampton-East Hampton boundary line, the Shinne cocks,! under their sachem, Nowedonah, on the land westward from the Montauks to AVest Hampton, and the Manhansetts, under Poggatacut, and, later, Youghco, on Shelter, Hog, and Ram Islands, The tribes, at least on the East End, had been for some time under tribute to the Pequots, when the Pequot War broke out in i637,§ At that time, there were no white settlements, even of individuals, on the eastern part of the island, but Wyandance added his forces to the English, joining Capt, Stoughton three days after the battle of Mystic and being present at the great swamp fight, H Upon the conclusion of the war, the Long Island tribute formerly paid to the Pequots was received by the English, on the score of protection afforded. $ The subsequent relations between the whites and Indians, after settlement by the former, will be considered in later chapters. *"The death of Sachem Poggatacut, in 1651 [sic] was an impor tant event with the Indians. His remains were transported for burial from Shelter Id, to Montaukett. In removing the body, the bearers rested the bier by the side of the road leading from Sag Harbor to East Hampton, near the 3rd [4th] milestone where a small excavation was made to designate the spot , . . about 12 inches in depth and 18 in diameter, in the form of a mortar. . From that time to the present, more than 190 years [and until the new road passed over it in 1846] neither leaf nor stone nor anything has been suffered to remain in it." Gardiner, Chronicles; Prime, History; Ayres, Legends of Montauk. This locality is kno'wn as Buckskill, from Buc-usk-Kill, the resting place- Josselyn Cuffee, Lords of the Soil, Sunset Rock on Hogneck was called by the Indians, Poggatacut's Throne, It was shivered by lightning in "1892, and the Indian tradition was that when it should be hurled from its foundation, a part of their inheritance should be restored to them Ibid,, p, 10, fOne writer, in 1701, states that the Shinnecocks were the great est tribe on Long Island, Wolley, Journal, p- 54, §They had also been subject to attacks by the Mohawks and Skin ner states, Indians of Greater New York, p, 83, that "the surviving Shinnecocks, a few years ago, still held memories of Mohawk raids and massacres." H Gardiner, Chronicles, p. 7. JGardiner, &c. Also Col, Docts , Vol, XIV, p, 627; Plymouth Col ony Reeds, Vol. IX, p. 18; Tooker, Ind Place Names, p. 32, et seq. inilian Earthenware .Jar found at Sag Harbor I .\e\\- ill I ;i-.ii,:il\ii Insliliiti- .MiiHi-iinil HISTORY OF 'THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 23 As to the numbers of the Indians settled on Long Island, no estimate can be more than guess work. Rut tenber states that tradition names 500 as the force of fighting men that could be put in the field by the Man- hassetts,|| which I think can be heavily discounted, as can all references to their being numerous as the leaves of the forest, blades of grass, and other such poetical census taking. It must be remembered that the In dians were mainly hunters and not agriculturists, and plenty as game and fish may have been, the land might be, as Trumbull quaintly says of Connecticut, "replete with Indians"* and yet the population be very limited. Beyond the inferences to be derived from the part they played in continental Indian relations and the fact that for nearly forty years after the white settlements were founded, the Indians still remained objects of suspicion and fear to the -then fairly numerous whites, we can af firm nothing, § Their language was a dialect or branch of the Algon quin and closely related to that spoken on the other side of the Sound.! Gardiner in 1798, stated it to be the same as the Nianticks' of Lyme and the Moheags of Nor wich, and that it was "low and soft when compared to that of the five nations."! He also says that at that time there were only four or five who could still speak it, and Harrington states (1903) that it was probably fi.fty or sixty years ago that the Shinnecock language died out, although spoken by Wiekham Cuff'ee's par- II Ind- Tribes, p, 74. Tooker points out that the great abundance of fish may have permitted a denser population than would other wise have been possible (Ind. Fishing Stations, p. 18.) *Hist, of Conn., Vol. I, p. 5- § Farrand says of the Indian population of the U. S,, "The num ber of aborigines has been absurdly overestimated. Clearly, when the whites first appeared the population was very small in propor tion to the enormous territory which it occupied" Basis of Am. Hist, p, 99. fThe Indian languages were of the "agglutinative" type and so gave rise to words of extraordinary length. The longest I have found, and which signifies simply "our question," is given by Mather (Magnalia, Vol. I, p, 561) and is written Kummogkodonat- toottummooltiteaongannunnonash, JGardiner, Observations, &c-, N. Y, Hist, Soe. Coll., 1869, p, 257, 24 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON ents in their childhood, || The only fragments of the language remaining today are the two vocabularies made by Gardiner from the lips of Montauks in 1798 and by Harrington among the Shinnecocks in 1903.* Of their personal appearance, when first encountered by Europeans, we have only general descriptions, there being no authentic early portrait in existence. The pen drawing of an Atlantic Coast Indian, reproduced in this volume, was engraved on an old powder horn dated 1799, from the Moravian settlement of Bethlehem, Pa,, it being the property of Mr. Stewart Culin of the Brook lyn Institute Museum. It is considered as very faithful. The two photographs, of Sylvester and Stephen Pharoah, Montauks, were taken in Sag Harbor in 1867, when the former was 63 and the latter 44 years old, the contemporary inscription stating that they were both full blooded-! Farrand classes the Algonquins as phy sically among the best of the aborigines, tall and strong,! and this is borne out by all observers from the earliest to the latest times. A writer describes them in 1649 ^s "generally well limbed, slender around the waist, broad-shouldered; all having black hair and brown eyes, they are very nimble and swift of pace, well adapted to travel on foot and to carry heavy burdens. Generally the men have little or no beard, some even pluck it out."§ Wooley, writing in 1701 said of them II Harrington, Shinnecock Notes, p. 39, Stiles wrote in 1761, that there were then about 20 or 30 families at Montauk, about 40 men. Ext. from the Itineraries, pp. 156 and 157. *The Gardiner list has been reprinted in Wood, Macauley, Bayles and Lambert, The Harrington list is in his notes- (Journ, Am, Folklore.) tSylvester was at that time "King" of the Montauks, and Ste phen "heir apparent." Stephen was sometimes called Stephen Talk- house and is said to have walked from Brooklyn to Montauk in a day (1878), At that time, the Montauks used frequently to walk over to Sag Harbor, and I am told that they would never follow the road, but cut straight through the woods, travelling at a good pace. JFarrand, Basis, p, 150, §Remonstrance of New Netherland- Col, Docts,, Vol, I, p, 281, Apparently in most cases the men removed all the hair from their heads except the long scalp lock, or some other arrangement left, and in the case of the Shinnecocks we know that they used to singe the hair off by rubbing it with red hot stones, before the in troduction of metal tools by the whites. Skinner, Ind. of Greater N. Y,, p, 21, Note 3, Also Catlin, No, Am Indians, Vol, II, p 23- HISTORY OF THE TOHN OF SOUTHAMPTON 25 that "they are stately and well proportioned in Sym metry through the whole Oeconomy of their bodies, so that I cannot say I observed any natural deformity in ?ny of them," and further characterizes them as "of a clayish colour, the Flair of their Heads generally black, lank and long, hanging down,"! Those in Southampton who remembered the Shinnecocks who lost their lives in 1877 in the wreck of the Circassian, constituting prac tically all the remaining full bloods of the tribe, speak of them as "noble looking, strong and tall," Of their clothing and adornment, one of the early writers already quoted, wrote that that "of men as of women consists of a piece of duffels or of deerskin leather or elk hide around the body Some have a bear skin of 'which they make doublets; others again coats of the skin of raccoons, wild cats, wolves, dogs, fishes, squirrels, beavers and the like ; and they even have made themselves some of turkey's feathers they make their stockings and shoes of deerskins or elk hides, some even have shoes of corn-husks whereof they also make sacks Their ornaments consist of scoring their bodies or painting them of various colors, sometimes entirely black, if they are in mourning; but mostly the face. They twine both white and black wampum around their heads; formerly they were not wont to cover these, but now they are beginning to wear bon nets or caps they wear ¦wampum in the ears, around the nec'K and around the waist, and thus in their way are mighty fine. They have also long deers-hair, v/hich is dyed red, whereof .they make ringlets to en circle the head; and other fine hair of the same color, which hangs around the neck in braids, whereof they are very vain. They frequently smear their skin and hair with all sorts of grease."* Except in cold weather or when journeying, their costume seems to have frequently been far less ample than is suggested above, consisting merely of a flap of cloth in front for the men and of nothing at all for the fC. W, Wooley [more correctly Wolley], Journal, pp- 27-28. *Remonstrance, supra. Col, Docts,, Vol, I, p. 282 20 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON young boys or children,* Of the smearing of their bod ies, and the reason for it, Wooley writes that "they pre serve their skins smooth by anointing them with the Oyl of Fishes, the fat of Eagles, and the grease of Rac- koons, which they hold in the Summer the best Antidote to Keep their skins from blistering by the scorching Sun, the best Armour against the Musketto's; the surest expeller of the hairy Excrement and stopper of the Pores of their Bodies against the Winter's cold, "J Their food consisted mostly of wild edible nuts and roots, fish and game, while their main cultivated crop was Indian corn. They seem to have been very fond of ground nuts and from the name of one variety, called by them Sagabon, derived the name Sagaponack, "the place where the big ground nuts grow," and so also, in directly, that of Sag Harbor, In cultivating their crops of corn they are said by some observers to have exer cised a considerable amount of care, using clam-shell hoes, manuring the hills with fish, and keeping the ground free from weeds. From this corn, unparched, they made a kind of meal porridge called in Narragansett nasaump from which the whites derived the name samp for the dish which they made of beaten and boiled corn, and which proved, as Williams said, "exceeding wholesome for the English bodies."! They caught and used the shell fish of various kinds, and in addition were expert fishermen with hook and hne, the hooks being matle of carved bone and the lines *"Their ordinary habit is a pair of Indian Breeches, like Adam's Apron to cover that which modesty commands to be hid, which is a piece of cloth about a yard and a half long, put between their groins, tied with a Snake's Skin about their middle, and hanging down with a flap before." Wooley, Journal, p, 28- "Although the winters are very severe, they go naked until their thirteenth year; the lower parts only of the girls' bodies are covered. The men wear between the legs a lap of duffels cloth, or leather, half an ell broad and nine quarters long; so that a square piece hangs over the buttocks and in front over the belly. The women wear a petticoat down midway the leg, very richly ornamented with seawant." Arnoldus Montanus, Doc, Hist,, Vol, IV, p, 125. Wooley, Journal, p. 28. '['Williams, Key, p, 41, een^ JA.»iAlnuUs InMactu, nut huti ''A U 1. "^-^ \J{artfard ^ i;.^K:'l Xlizaieth^T. K y^A .-ffuMetfTf/t^T^ '^*'«2^ jo, I/O Vig I . ^"^ """^ >^^ o.^^ Com.ntoiily Called ty S earn.* \L fxif-.tCfr p^miiimiimiiiii MIIWIIWWIII IW^ From Wells' New Set of Maps, &c., London, 1700 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 33 was famous, and which probably supplied the motive of the Pequots in conquering and subjecting to tribute these expert -workmen who dwelt where the shells used in its manufacture were unusually abundant.* This wampum, as every school boy knows, was the money of the Indians, and, as a convenient medium of exchange, both with the Indians and among themselves, was adopted by the colonists almost everywhere. The shells were of two kinds, white and black, (rather, a dark blue or purple), the former being usually made from the peri- ¦v\'inkle shell of the species F. Canaliculata and F. Carica, and the latter from the shell of the round clam, Venus Mercenaria, AA'hile the exchange value of wampum in English money varied somewhat according to both time and place, the black seems to have always been worth double the white. Speaking generally, three of the black passed for a penny, as did six of the white. Each bead, which was about the size of a straw and 1-4 to 1-3 of an inch long, was bored lengthwise, and was m.ade by chipping the shell down to about the proper size and then rubbing it on the stones mentioned above to round and smooth it. So well was this done that counterfeiting was practically impossible, though at tempted by some of the whites. They were used as or naments as well as money, just as gold is today, and the coats of the Chief were sometimes adorned with them, while belts made of them came to have a ceremonial value. II Of their social customs, we learn from Occum! in regard to marriage that there were four methods in vogue. According to the first, upon the birth of the children or soon after, the parents would plan the match, ?"Gardiner's Bay and the east end of Long Island were the origi nal seat of the wampum trade in New York, less ancient than has been supposed, and thence it reached the New England coast in re cent times." Beauchamp, Wampum and Shell Articles used by the N, Y. Indians, p- 332, II In addition to Beauchamp, cit, supra, vide Weeden, Indian Money as a Factor in New Eng, Civilization, fRev. Samson Occum, An Acct, of the Montauk Indians on Long Island, A- D., 1761, Mass. Hist. Soe. Coll., Vol, X, pp, 105-111 (1809), Gardiner in his Chronicles generally follows Occum, 34 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON the father of the boy visiting the parents of the girl, with a skin or two, a blanket or other presents and tell ing his errand. If the girl's parents did not agree they would return the gifts, and the man would go elsewhere, but if they accepted, a great feast would be made ready. Both sets of parents would prepare many presents, in vite guests, and at the appointed time the girl's parents would take her up, march to the boy's house and there deliver her. Both children would then be nursed alter nately by both mothers, or, if weaned, would always eat out of the same dish. The ceremonies were not binding upon the children, however, and when they grew up they could marry or not as they chose. According to a second method, more or less the same performance would be gone through with by the parents after the children were grown, or, again, the children could choose for themselves and tell their parents, when a feast would be made for them. Finally, under some circumstances, a woman could bake a few cakes in ashes, put them in a basket, and take them to a man, the marriage being con summated without further ceremonies. The naming of a child was also the occasion of fes tivities, including a feast, dancing, and the giving of many gifts, each guest receiving one pronouncing the child's name. This was not necessarily its permanent one, however, and it was common for a child to be named, and differently, several times. Names among them, as among Indians generally, were of great im portance, and that of the dead was never mentioned,* Another great occasion for festivity was what the Dutch called-a "Kintecoy" and the English a "Cantica" and of which a description is found in Denton, These, I think, were usually held in the spring,! sometimes tribes uniting in holding them, and they served occasionalh^ a-^ ?On the subject of Indian personal names in general cf, Farrand, Basis, pp, 202 et seq, t"The Shinnecocks and Montauks still hold June meeting," ap parently a memory of some ancient ceremony. Skinner, Indians of Greater N, Y,, p, 55, "t' Tort numv tAtnJherdatn^ o^ 3^Mmhaians Earliest picture of New Amsterdam, showing Indian Canoes (From Vender Donok's Beschrijvinghe von ¦Virginia. &c-.) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 35 matters of grave alarm to the whites.J "At their Can- ticas or dancing matches," writes Denton, "where all persons that come are freely entertained, it being a Fes tival time. Their custom is when they dance, everyone but the Dancers to have a short stick in their hand, and to knock the ground and sing altogether, whilst they that dance sometimes act warlike postures, and then they come in painted for war with their faces black and red, or some all black, some all red, with some streaks of white under their eyes, and so jump and leap up and down without any order, uttering many expressions of their intended valour. For other Dances they only shew what Antick tricks their ignorance will lead them to, wringing of their bodies and faces after a strange manner, sometimes jumping into the fire, sometimes catching up a Fire-brand, and biting off a live coal, with many such tricks that will affright, if not please an Eng lishman to look upon them, resembling rather a com pany of infernal Furies than men."! The ceremonies connected with death and burial were elaborate. Upon death, the body was given over to the care of the women and powwas, and after being washed was adorned with all the gala finery of the de ceased, as well as more given for the occasion, while the face of the dead was painted. The corpse was then borne to its grave by young men, preceded and followed by women making loud outcries of lamentation. The body was placed in a sitting posture about two feet be low ground, and the personal attire and war equipment of the dead buried with it, while for the support of the spirit on its way to its final abode, a bowL of samp was placed upon the grave.* The wigwam in which the death occurred was then destroyed and a new one built for the family. Mourning lasted a year and consisted of JVide Warrant issued Dec. 13, 1675, "Whereas I am Informed That the several Indyans at Rockway, Unchachauge, and Parts ad jacent, are in a few dayes to have a great Kintecoy at Sequetalke; which being unusual at this time a yeare," &c. Col, Docts., Vol. XIV, p. 709. t Denton, Brief Description, p. 11. ?These items, of course, are all common to animistic belief- Vide Tyler, Primitive Culture, passim. 36 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON the women of the family painting their faces black, lay ing aside all ornaments and joining in no festivities, but at the close of the period a great dance was given last ing from sunset to sunrise. Although there was little or nothing to distinguish the Long Island Indians from the rest of the Coastal Algonquins, I have yet attempted to collect all data from local sources, but in reference to Sachems and their pow ers I have found no other early description so good as Gov, Winslow's, which I therefore give in his own words. "Their sachems," writes the Governor, "Cannot all be called Kings, but only some few of them to whom the rest resort for protection and pay homage unto them Every sachem taketh care of the widow and fatherless; also such as are aged or in any way maimed, if their friends be dead or not able to provide for them. A sachem will not take any to wife but such an one as is equal to him in birth; otherwise they say their seed would in time become ignoble; and although they have many other wives yet are they no other than concubines or servants This government is suc cessive and not by choice ; if the father die before the son or daughter be of age, then the child is committed to the protection and tuition of some one amongst them, who ruleth in his stead till he be of age, but when that is, I know not. Every sachem knoweth how far the bounds and limits of his own country extendeth; and that is his own proper inheritance; out of that, if any of his men desire land to set their corn, he giveth them as much as they can use, and sets them in their bounds. In this circuit, whoever hunteth, if any kill venison, they bring him his fee, which is four parts of the same, if it be killed on land, but if in the water, then the skin there of All travelers or strangers for the most part lodge at the sachem's.* This question of the power and authority of the sachems was a most important one for the settlers, es pecially in connection with sales and boundaries of ?Winslow, Narrative of the Plantations, in New England's Me morial, ed, 1855, p, 489, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 37 land, and receives interesting illustration in the Town Records. For example, in reference to the boundary dis pute between Southampton and Southold we read as follows: "And the said Indians (after long debate) joyntly answered that ye young eagles that were taken in the nests, and the deere that were drowned or killed in the water. It was ye Indians customs to carry ye said eagles & the skins of the Deere to those Sachems or In dians that were ye true owners of ye land, thereupon Thomas Stanton [the interpreter] presently replyed saying, indeed the eagles & the deere were something, but if there were a beare killed or drowned, that would put the matter out of controversie. And the deponent heard Southampton Indians affirme that there was a beare drowned or killed in ye same tract of land now in controversie between ye said Townes, then Thomas Stanton asked to whom the skin was carried, and South ampton Indians answered to Shinnecock Indians, And Southold Indians allsoe acknowledged that ye said beare skin was carryed to Shenecock Indians by ye Southold Indians whoe tooke ye beare," Tracing the title still higher the investigation continues, "I saw Mandush (whoe was a man reputed & acknowledged generally by all Indians in these parts to be the great Sachem's sonne of Shinecock) cutt up a turf of ground in Southampton, and delivering it to AVyandanch gave up all his right and interest unto him. And hee the said Mandush with many other of the chiefes of Shinecock Indians did manifest their consent by their ordinary sign of stroking Wyandanch on the back." Mandush also told AA'yandanch that "now hee would be all one dogge"* ?T, R., Vol. I, pp. 157 et seq- This delivery of title to land by "turf and twig" was frequently used by the settlers throughout the colonies and dates from at least Saxon times. (Vide, T. R,, Vol, III, p 115, V, p. 293 and elswhere). Also Southold, T. R,, Vol, I, p, 158; Essex Quarterly Courts, passim; Brodhead, Vol. II, p. 166; 'Village Communities of Cape Ann; and Palgrave's Anglo-Saxon, p 126 as follows: "In early times , , when land was sold, the owner cut a turf from the green sward and cast it in the lap of the purchaser, as a token that the possession of the earth was transferred; or he tore off the branch of a tree and put it in the hand of the grantee, to show that the latter was to be entitled to all the products of the soil. And when the purchaser of a house received seizin or pos- 38 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON The question of Indian land titles is most obscure as well as interesting and will be briefly discussed in the next chapter in connection with the settlers' purchase. Another difficult question in connection with the In dians, 'as with aU races of a low order, was that of their re ligion. The most striking feature of that of the North American aborigines, everywhere manifested was its marked dualism, which is also exhibited in that of our local tribes in the account given by Gardiner in his Chronicles. "They had gods in great numbers; many of lesser influence having particular charges, and two of exalted degree, the good and evil Deity, having a general super- intendance and control, as well over all other gods as over men. There was a god of the four corners of the earth, and the four seasons of the year; another of the productions of the earth; another of the elements; one of the day and night; and a god of the hearth, the family and domestic relations. The great, good and supreme Deity they called Caulkluntoowut, which signifies one possessed of supreme power. The great evil spirit was named Mutcheshesumetooh, which signifies evil power. They worshipped and offered sacrifices to these gods at all times. They had small idols or images which they believed knew the will of the gods, and a regular Priest hood by whom these idols were consulted. The Priests were called Powawas or Powwas, and declared to the people what the gods required of them ; when dances and feasts should be macie ; when presents should be given to the old people ; when sacrifices should be offered to the gods and of what kind. The Powwas pretended to hold intercourse with the gods, in dreams, and with the evil spirits in particular, who appeared to them un der different forms and by voices in the air. These were the medicine men. They administered to the sick; re lieved those affected with evil spirits and poison, and h\ session, the key of the door, or a bundle of thatch plucked from the roof signified that the dwelling had been yielded up to him." In the T. R., Vol. V, p. 299 (1692) occurs an example of the sale of a house and lot by delivery of "a clod of the said land, and the ring or key of the door" 2,1-1 3 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 30 incantation and charms, protected the people from all harm. Subject to the Powwas' influence neither could fire burn them, nor water drown them, nor could they receive any injury whatever. "The most savory sacrifice made to the great Deity was the tail or fin of the whale, which they roasted. The leviathan from which it was taken was at times found cast upon the sea-shore, and then a great and prolonged powow, or religious festival was held. At these festi vals great eft'orts were supposed to be necessary to keep the Evil One without the circle of their incantations. His presence it was believed, would defeat the object of the Powwas in the procurement of the favor and particular regard to the good deity. Violent gesticulations, loud yells and laborious movements of the limbs and body, with distortion of the features, were continued until the excitement produced approached to madness. When the Evil Spirit was supposed to be subjugated, the dance and the feast commenced. It is among the Indian tra ditions that the existence of the Evil Spirit was evi denced by his having, when driven from the feast, left the imprint of his foot upon a granite rock on Montauk, and made three holes in the ground at regular distances, where he alighted in three several leaps from the stone on which he had stood, and then disappeared,* "They believed in a future state of existence; that their souls would go westward a great distance, and many moons journey to a place where the spirits of all would reside and where, in the presence of their great Sawwonnuntoh beyond the setting sun, the brave and the good would exercise themselves in pleasureable sing- ?The stone with the impression of a foot is now in the museum of the L. I. Hist. Society, Brooklyn. Mr. S, O, Hedges gives me an other legend in regard to it as follows: "On a rock in the Hither Woods on the westem end of Montauk, a maiden of the Montauk tribe of Indians and a brave of the Narragansetts were about to be joined in wedlock, but a jealous lover of the maiden cut short the ceremony by an arrow shot into the body of the bridegroom who gave three jumps, then falling on his hands and knees expired- Up to 1859 when occurred the sale of the lands of Montauk, the im pression of his feet and hands made in the soil were kept clean of leaves and brush by members of the tribe," There are also other versions. 40 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON ing, in feasting, hunting and dancing forever. The coward, the traitor, the liar and the thief was also there, but the enjoyments of the favored Sawwonnuntoh only added to the pain of the punishments visited upon the misdeeds of the wicked. Servile labor, so painful to and so much despised by the Indian, was the allotment of the sinful. The making of a canoe with a round stone and the carrying water in a wicker basket, -were among the perplexing exercises of those who had sacrificed the happiness of their future existence to the will of Mut- cheshesmetooh, or the Evil Power," ! The relations of the Indians, and whites will be taken up in the following chapters, and it remains here only to mention the ends of the tribes. There are now no pure bloods left among any of them on the eastern end of the island, and only one, the Shinnecocks, possess a reserva tion. In the Southampton supplementary Indian deed of 1703 there was reserved to the Indians certain privi leges of hunting, &c,, by a lease to them of the Shinne cock tract, including the Hills, for 1000 years. By an Act of Legislature, March 15, 1859, the Indians were authorized to, and did, give their lease in exchange for the ownership in fee of Shinnecock Neck, which is the present Reservation, They are not subject to taxation, do not possess the franchise, own their lands in common and elect three trustees annually. In the early part of the last century many of the negro slaves then being freed were offered homes with the Indians and settled among them, there being now a large admixture of negro blood both in the survivors of the tribe and in the remnants of the Montauks settled at East Hampton,* Of the Shinnecock Tribe, two members have at tained to some celebrity. The first was Peter John, born in Hay Ground about 1 712-15, who was converted in the t Gardiner, Chronicles, pp, 4-5. ?For personal descriptions of the purer blooded see Harrington, cit supra; G. R. Howell, in Indian Advocate, March 1892; J, J, Young, in Lippincott's Magazine, Nov,, 1878; all quoted in my Memorials. The Montauks have been legally declared extinct as a tribe. See Defendants' Brief in Wyandank Pharaoh vs, Jane Ann Benson and others, N, Y, Supreme Court, Suffolk County, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 41 great revival of 1741-4 and became a minister of the Gos pel, gathering churches at Wading River, Poosepatuck, Islip and Canoe Place, at the second of which he was buried, dying at the age of about 88, He owned property and lived at St. George's Manor and though unlearned seems to have been both zealous and pious. His grand son, Paul Cuffee, was born at Brookhaven, March 4, 1757, and also became a minister, laboring mainly among the Indians of Montauk and Canoe Place. He died Alarch 7, 181 2, and is buried about one mile west of the latter place on the north side of the main road, where the Indian church stood, his grave being marked by a stone erected by the New York Missionary Society,* Of all the Long Island Indians, however, the one whose career was greatest in usefulness was Cockenoe, taken captive as a youn.o- man in the Pequot war, subsequently becoming John Eliot's instructor in the Indian language and interpreter between the whites and Indians in many places.! Their language has already been briefly referred to, and I will merely add here some of the attempted trans lations of a few of the place names within or near the Township, It may as well frankly be confessed, it seems to me, that they are to a considerable extent only guess work, as is evicienced by the conflict of authorities, Rut- tenber's versions being, perhaps, those .most generally accepted by scholars. The difficulty is not alone due to the inherent one of the Indian Tongue, but also to the uncertainty of the true orthography and pronunciation of the place names themselves, one, for example, ap pearing in no less than forty-nine different forms. | ?Vide, Prime, History, pp, 115-118. tTooker, Cookenoe-de-Long Island. JThe translations are taken from Ruttenber, Indian Geog, Names [R] ; Tooker, Place Names [T] ; Beauchamp, Aboriginal Place Names [B]; and Trumbull [Trumbull], Agawam: low flat meadows [T] ; place abounding in fish [B], Mecox: abbreviation of the name of one of the signers of the In dian deed of 1640, Secom-mecock, with possesive [T]. Also trans lated, a plain. Montauk: fortified place [T] ; place of observation [Trumbull]; island country or spruce swamp [R]. 42 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Napeague: water-land, [T., R,, and B.]. Noyac: a point or comer of land [T. and B.]. Paumanack: eastern Long Island: land of tribute [T., his earlier translation was "land where there is travelling by water"]. An offering, not tribute [R.]. Peconic: small plantation [T.] ; a battle field [Pelletreau]; water at a point of land [Prof. E. M. Horsford]; at the barrier [R.]. Ponquoque: the pond at the place where the bay bends [Prof. J. G. Shea]; cleared land [T.]; shallow water [B.]. Poxabogue: a pond that opens out or widens [T.]; the bathing place [Pelletreau]. Quogue : a shaking marsh [Trumbull] ; a cove or estuary where it quakes or trembles [T.] ; a long fish [B.] ; round clam [O'Callag- han], Sagaponack: place where the big ground nuts grow. Seponack: ground nut place [T.]. Shinnecock: at the level land or country [T], Towd: a low place between the hills [Trumbull]; from "to ford," to "wade over," [T.]; from "it is deserted" [B.]. Weeckatuck: end of the woods, or end of the creek [T.]. Wickapogue: end of the pond [T., B. and Trumbull]- Wigwagonock: (the part of Sag Harbor east of Division Street) place at the end of the hill[T.]. Atlantic Coast Indian, engraved on Powder Horn, 1799 (Property of Mr. Ste-wart Culin) CHAPTER III. THE COMING OF THE ENGLISH. The peopling of New England during the first decade following the settlement of Plymouth in 1620 proceeded at a comparatively slow rate, but beginning with 1630 and the founding of the colony of Massachusetts Bay, the movement became very rapid, two thousand colon ists arriving in that year alone, while in 1633 fen or a dozen ship loads came each month,* The meeting of the Long Parliament in England in 1640 with its prom ises of reform and of better prospects fpr the Puritans in their home land, suddenly checked, and indeed to a slight extent reversed, the tide of migration,! but by that time over 21,000 persons were living in New Eng land and the settlements not only dotted the shores of the Massachusetts waters but had already begun to be planted inland and westward. In 1633, Gov, Winthrop bad sent the little bark, Blessing of the Bay, on a voyage of exploration through the Sound as far as New Amster- ?Channing, History, Vol. I, p, 334, In 1638, 14 ships bound for New England lay in the Thames at one time and 3,000 immigrants reached Boston that year- Cheyney, European Background, p, 228, t"The Parliament of England setting upon a general reformation both of Church and State, the Earl of Strafford being beheaded, and the archbishop (our great enemy) and many other of the great offi cers and judges, bishops and others, imprisoned and called to ac count, this caused all men to stay in England in expectation of a new world, so as few coming to us, all foreign commodities grew scarce, and our own of no price," Winthrop, History, Vol, II, p, 37, 44 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON dam,* and the fort at Saybrook had been established as a frontier post two years later, with Lion Gardiner among its defenders, while the year 1636 saw the found ing of Providence, Springfield, Windsor, Hartford and Wethersfield. New Haven was settled in 1638, and the following year, Gardiner, who had undoubtedly used some of his spare time at Saybrook to cruise through Long Island waters, secured possession, and went to live on, the island which ever since has bornehis name and still remains the property of his descendants. The planting of new towns as offshoots from those earlier settled was a very distinctive feature of New England, the little town of Lynn, for example, founding as many as six other villages in the first ten years from the date of its own planting in 1629. While these sec ondary swarmings may have occasionally been due to grievances of a religious, political or social character on the part of individuals or small groups, undoubtedly the moving cause as a rule was the question of land, both as to quanfity and quality. It does not occur to one, in this day, when the "Board of Trade" of every little village is striving to increase the p/opulation and attract new citi zens, that there was a time when the anxieties of the in habitants were directed in just the opposite direction. But such was the case, and nothing shows the econo mic alteration in the world more strikingly than this very change, exemplified in the case of Springfield. Mass., which at its settlement was to be limited to, be cause only capable of comfortably supporting, fifty fam ilies. With the exception of the fisheries and of the fur trade, which latter seems never to have attained the pro portion^ in New England which it did both in New York and Canada, the New England colonies were almost ?"October 2 [1633], The bark Blessing, which was sent to the southward, returned. She had been at an island over against Con necticut, called Long Island, because it is near fifty leagues long, the east part about ten leagues from the main, but the west end not a mile. There they had store of the best wampum peak, both white and blue- The Indians there are a very treacherous people. They have many canoes so great as one will carry eighty men," Win throp, History, Vol. I, p, 133. HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 45 wholly agricultural in their economic life, and the quan tity, fertility and convenient location of the farming, grazing and wood lands of a town were of fundamental importance to every inhabitant. For various reasons, practically all New England was settled, not by individ ual proprietors living on large estates, but by groups of persons forming towns and building compact villages, reproducing in each case the community land system which will be discussed later. Each settlement in the earliest days was to a marked degree self sustaining, but that very fact would cause an inconveniently large increas-e in its population to become a seriously disturbing economic factor, and, though vari ous reasons have been assigned for the departure from Lynn in 1640 of the little band who came here and set tled the Town of Southampton, I do not think that we need look beyond the economic conditions of the time. The land wathin the bounds of Lynn was limited, and so far from expansion being possible, other villages were approaching its boundaries,* In that year there had been an unusually large influx of new comers, although such movement was almost immediately to cease. The country was entering upon a period of depression as noted above by AVinthrop, and, with high prices for the necessary imported articles, with low ones for all home productions, with crowded conditions as to available land, we need search for no other reason than that given by him for the departure of this last little band of pion eers, looking not merely to the present but to the future for themselves and their children. We have already seen in the first chapter what an unusually good location for settlement was offered by Long Island, and we have also seen how, from the time of the voyage of the Blessing, that island had become more and more known to the Colonists, so that the simple statement of Win throp that "divers of the inhabitants of Linne, finding themselves straitened looked out for a new plantation ; and so going to Long Island, they agreed with the Lord Starling's agent there, one Mr, Forrett" would seem to ?Channing, Town and County Govt,, p, 33, 46 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON me to be all the explanation necessary for the foundation of our town, t. The new Town was thus peopled, not by emigrants from the mother country, but by a group from a colony already planted, and thus, in a sense, was founded by men who had passed through a double process of selec tion. While many types were represented here as else where, the first period of Southampton history shows an unusually large proportion of men of intelligence, ability and energy.* The original founders, or "undertakers" as they were called, were eight in number, — Edward Howell, Edmund Farrington, Josias Stanborough, George Welbe, Job Sayre, Edmund Needham, Henry Walton, and Daniel How, to whom were joined as additional signers of the original agreement, John Cooper, Allen Bread, William Harker, Thomas Halsey, Thomas Newell, John Far rington, Richard Odell, Philip Kyrtland, Thomas Far- tThe quotation continues, "for a parcel of the isle near the west end, and agreed with the Indians for their right- The Dutch, hear ing of this, and making claim to that part of the island by a former purchase of the Indians, sent men to take possession of the place, and set up the arms of the Prince of Orange upon a tree. The Linne men sent ten or twelve men with provisions, etc., who began to build, and took do-wn the prince's arms, and, in place thereof, an Indian had drawn an unhandsome face. The Dutch took this in high displeasure, and sent soldiers and fetched away their men, and im prisoned them a few days, and then took an oath of them [blank] and so discharged them. Upon this the Linne men (finding them selves too weak, and having no encouragement to expect aid from the English) deserted that place, and took another at the east end of the same island; and, being now about forty families, they pro ceeded in their plantation, and called one Mr. Pierson, a godly learned man, and a member of the church of Boston, to go with them, who with some seven or eight more of the company gathered into a church body at Linne (before they went) and the whole body entered into a civil combination (with the advice of some of our magistrates) to become a corporation," Winthrop, History, Vol- II, pp, 5 et seq, under Journal date of June, 1640. Mather, Magnalia Christi Americana, Vol, I, p. 397, often quoted merely follows Winthrop and is less accurate. The account by Johnson, Wonder Working Providence, 1653, edit, 1910, p. 195, is inaccurate in several particulars- ?Of those who came here, Thompson says, "They were generally of a superior class and of greater intelligence than some who came subsequently to other towns, being respectable both in character and education," History, Vol, I, p, 329. Old Farm Road (Copyright by Eister Studio) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 47 rington and Thomas Terry, All of these did not come over immediately, however, while a few never came at all, and of those who did come some subsequently re turned or moved elsewhere.! They all, however signed the document known as "The Disposall of the A'essell", dated March lo, 1639 (1640 New Style),* by which agreement, in brief, a company was formed for the purpose of establishing a permanent settlement; a \essel arranged for and regular sailings provided; plans made for a selected group to search for a site and start the settlement; the method of laying out the land, terms of ownership and taxation agreed upon ; and self gov- fAllen Bread returned to Lynn, Newhall's Lynn, 115, Essex Quarterly Courts, I, 82, 103, 153, 292, 314, 424; II, 43; Daniel How was later one of the founders of East Hampton and, as a shipowner whose business was carrying freight and passengers, was interested as business ventures in several colonies, Newhall, 124, 135, 178, Essex Courts, I, 9; Thos, Newhall probably never came, Newhall, 125, Essex Courts, I, 170 et passim; Wm, Harker, Newhall, Essex Courts, I, 193; II, 303, 316, 374; Geo- Welbe, Newhall, 175, 277, Es sex Courts, I, 38, and Edmund Needham, Newhall, 188, Essex Courts, I, 80, 133, 181, 270, 390— all probaly remained only a year; Thos. Terry moved to Southold; Henry Walton retumed to Lynn. (Howell says Boston.) This is an error I think. He was in Lynn, Jan., 1641, Essex Courts, I, 33. In Dec, 1642, he was mentioned as of "Lynn" and presented for saying "he had as Leeve to hear a Dogg Barke as to hear Mr. Cobbet Preach," Ibid 45; Josias Stan- borough did not come until 1643, Essex Courts, I, 56; Philip Kyrt land, Newhall, 154, Essex Courts, I, 10, 14, 89, 156, 169 etc-, re tumed to Lynn (Howell says Mass,) before 1645; Edmund Farring ton returned to Lynn by 1643, Essex Courts, I, 61, 151, 154, 171, 372, 380, 390; II, 288; IV, 327; Newhall, 153, 235, N. E, Hist, & Gen. Reg., July, 1901, p, 301. He gave his name, however, to Farrington (Old To^wn) Pond and Farrington Neck (probably Wickapogue, T- R., I, 134), The Essex Court Records also contain numerous ref erences to names of families which subsequently appear here, such as Raynor, Mitchell, Morris, Russel, Herrick, Hedges and Diamond. Five vol'dmes have now been published, ?Vide Appendix I. In Old Style the year began Mar, 25 instead of Jan. 1, so in English records a year must be added to dates from Jan, 1 to Mar. 25 down to 1752 when England adopted the New Style. In addition to get the exact date, 10 days must be added down to 1700 and 11 days betwen 1700 and 1800. Holland, Spain, Portugal, France, Italy and Catholic Germany adopted the New Style in 1583, Scotland in 1600, Denmark, Sweden and Protestant Germany in 1700. Russia still uses Old Style. 48 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON ernment assured, with political and religious liberty guaranteed.! Long Island had evidently already been determined upon, for only a few weeks later, April 17, 1640, the Com pany secureci a deed§ from James Farrett as Attorney for the Earl of Stirling (the Grantee of Long Island)*for "eight miles square of land," they being allowed to make their "choyce to sitt downe upon as best suiteth them." This option they immediately proceeded to exercise, and for some reason they first chose a site upon the shore of Schout's Bay, where eight men, one woman and a child were landed by Farrett in How's boat, and started im mediately to build houses,! Although Long Island had formed part of the grant of the Council to Lord Stirling, it was also, and appar ently justly,_ claimed by the Dutch, although they had never settled any of the eastern portion. At the west end, however, they did have settlements, and owing to its nearer proximity to New Amsterdam, they exercised a much closer watch over happenings there and, indeed, upon a tree at the very place where the English landed, they had nailed the arms of "Their High Mightinesses".";: to indicate ownership. These, however, were cut down, apparently either by Farrett or Howe, and a fool's face carved in their stead. One house had been finished and another begun when word of this intrusion was taken to the Dutch by the Indian Sachem Penhawitz, and, on the lAppendix III. §A second document known as "The Declaration of the Company" signed "ye 4th day of ye 4th, 16 — " [mutilated] was explanatory of the first- Appendix II. ?The Grant to the Earl was made Apl. 22, 1635 bv the "Council for the Affairs in New England in America," It is given in full in Col, Docts., Vol. XIV, pp. 29 et seq. Farrett, often referred to as Forrest, first came over in 1636- Col, Docts., Vol, VII, pp, 340 et seq. fThe names of the men are known to us through the Dutch records. They were Job Sayre, aged 28; Geo. Welbe, 25; John Farrington, 24; Philip Kirtland, 26; Nathaniel Kirtland, 22, and Wm. Harker, 24. Evidently the younger men were sent ahead. Col, Docts., Vol. II. pp- 145-150. JSo the title was always translated in O'Callaghan and so always quoted. This somewhat absurd and bombastic expression might perhaps well give place to "Lords and Gentlemen" which, less hum orous, would better preserve the dignified sense of the original. 0 41 o 5 T3Q =3 C OK o HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 49 13th of May, the Council ordered their Secretary, Corne- lis von Tienhoven, with a sergeant and twenty-three soldiers, to seize the English and bring them up to New Amsterdam to answer for their conduct,* This was done the following day, and on examination at New Am sterdam, the English stated that they had come to "plant and make a plantation," that twenty families were to come and that if the land were good they expected a great many people.! Upon their admitting that they had not known that they were encroaching on "States" land, and their agreeing in writing to immediately de part and not return, they were released by the Dutch authorities and allowed to depart.^ This was on the 19th of May, and apparently, after perhaps stopping at Schout's Bay for some of their property, they at once went to New Haven, where, as they had just testified. How and Farrett were then stay ing. In any case, and wherever it may have been, they promptly got in touch with the latter, for about three weeks later, on June 12, they received the deed from him confirming to them "all those lands lying and being bounded between Peaconeck and the easternmost point ?The instructions were: "You shall endeavor to arrive there un awares; in our opinion it will be best at break of day and there surround the English and prevent any recourse being had to force of arms; and forthwith inquire who removed the arms, and demand of them who authorized them so to do, and oblige them to come hither to vindicate themselves. If they refuse you shall employ force. . . . If it should happen that the English have been reinforced by so many newcomers tiiat you shall not be strong enough for them, you shall make an emphatic protest against them, then sign it and come back." Col. Docts., Vol. XIV, pp 28-30. fTestimony given in full in Col. Docts., Vol, II, pp, 145-150- Also consult Ibid, Vol. XIV, pp. 30 et seq. t To show how history may be falsified, I quote an account of these doings written only 23 years later: "Of the incredible and injurious insolence of the Dutch towards the English and their treachery to the poor natives, will give but one instance, that of Daniel How, who in 1638 [1640] purchased lands of the natives of the west end of Long Island [he did not] and settled the same, but the Dutch Gov ernor forcibly drove the planters away, imprisoning some, where upon the Sachem that sold the lands [he did not exist] declared pub licly he had done so [he did not] for which assertion the Dutch cruelly murdered him, staking him alive [absolutely false], Cal, of State Papers, Col, Ser, 1661-1668, p, 178, So may the sources of history be muddied by nationality. 50 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON of Long Island with the whole breadth of the said Island from sea to sea excepting those lands already granted unto any person by me."* Farrett stated that this was in consideration of the trouble he had brought them into with the Dutch and £400 already paid him, the deed being confirmed by the Earl two months later, on the 20th of August.! The April deed required them to make their own terms with the Indian owners, and this they evidently did for the Indian deed, dated Dec. 13th, mentions part of the payment at least as having been already received and ground as having already been cultivated by the whites. j A careful study of all the documents leaves no room, it seems to me, to doubt that the Town was "settled" in the ordinary sense of that word by June, 1640, that is, that a company had been formed for that purpose, that legal steps for acquiring title to the land had been taken and part payment made, and that some of the settlers, at least, had arrived on the spot, built houses and planted in preparation for receiving the rest. A difference of only a few weeks, has, after all, but a sentimental value, but after a minute and impartial examination of all the evidence adduced by the champions of the two Towns, I am firmly convinced that Southampton is entitled, without any question whatever, to priority of settle ment over Southold, and so is the oldest English Town in the state.* ?Appendix IV. The exceptions were apparently Robins and Shel ter Islands which he owned himself and Gardiner's Island which he had granted to Lyon Gardiner. tAppendix V The bounds were limited, July 7th, to Canoe Place, on the west and the present eastern line as the earlier limits were tound to have included more than 8 miles square. „,= fvFTrJ.^ yj.' J.* ™^y ^^ "°ted that one of the considerations l^,=t • 1 ^"/'sh shall defend us the sayed Indians from the S^i nLi ?J^ °* whatever Indians shall illegally assaill us." In thfated bv ivf °^ }t.^^^ y^ S^"""-!" meint that already cul- fillds " so'^thlt thp' *f^* "'I'' ^J ^"'^•^"^ being called "Indian clearlv noint, f}^ f^^^^'T,?^ K^^^- "°^<^ ^'°""d formeriy planted" summer '^*"^''' '"'^'''"^ '"^^^^^ "°Ps the preceding *TS f''f"'in'' minutely all the questions which have been raised Hist. Soe. Address, 1889; Whittalfer, fitt %f '^Sout'hoTd; Howell,- Mackay Homestead, Southampton Old Jennings House, North Sea (now destroyed) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 51 The settlers reached their new home by way of Pe conic Bay, landing at North Sea, and according to tradi tion on what has ever since borne the name of Con science Point, now marked by the boulder monument,* The little harbor there, better perhaps in those days than now, long continued, as we shall see, to constitute their port, although the settlement was made at what is now called "Old Town," about three-quarters of a mile east of the present Main Street of Southampton Village, and a little back from the ocean. The Sachem of the Shinne cocks then lived at North Sea and it is likely that ar rangements for the purchase of the land were made im mediately, or at least permission to settle received leav ing definite terms to be arranged later. Just who the very first arrivals were, or their number, we do not know, but all the evidence points to there hav ing been between one and two hundred people here be fore the New Year, Winthrop mentions "forty families," and Abraham Pierson chosen minister of this new church while still in Lynn in November, was here by the follow ing month for he was one of the witnesses to the Indian Deed of December, so we many conclude that the colony was not only founded but fairly complete before the end of the year.! Settlement of Southold; GrifSn, Journal; Moore, Hist. Address, 1890; Moore, Index; "Tooker, Analysis of the Claims of Southold (Express, Mar. 26 and Apl. 2, 1903); Lechford, Note Book, pp. 283, 301, 318; Rhode Id. Col. Reeds-, Vol. I, p. 91; Pelletreau, Article Southold in Munsell 's Suffolk County; Winthrop's, Hist, supra, &c. ?Placed there, with a bronze tablet, by the Colonial Society of Southampton. Tradition records that the name is due to the re mark of one of the women on landing, "For conscience sake, I'm on dry land once more." fBesides those already given as "undertakers" the following ap pear in the Town Records prior to 1644: Thos- Hildreth, Abraham Pierson, Henry Pierson, Henry Symonds, John Moore, Thos. Tal mage, Rich'd Barrett, Thomas Tomson, Fulke Davis, 'Wm, Rogers, Wm. Wills, Rich'd Post, John Mulford, Arthur Bostock, Robert Bond, John Gosmer and Thos. Burnet. No list of inhabitants or even freemen appears until 1649, but the whaling list for Mar, 7, 1644, O. S., includes, besides some of those above, Wm. Barnes, Geo. Wood, Thos. Cooper, Rich'd Stratton, John White, Mr. Johnes, Rich'd Jacques, Robt- Rose, Mr. Stanborough, Richard Gosmer, John Hand, Ellis Cook, Tristrum Hedges, Thos. Sayre, John Cory, Rich'd Smith and John Howell as well as several "juniors." T. R,, Vol, I, p. 32, 52 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON That first summer must indeed have been a busy one, A whole month lost, owing to the unfortunate in cident at Schout's Bay, and unable to make a beginning until June, habitations had to be gotten ready and crops planted without a moment's delay. We have seen that at their first attempt they had started to build houses, but owing to the lateness of the season and the numbers who arrived, it is probable that many a family spent that first winter at least in what was then known, and what later appears in the Records of both the Hamptons, as a "cellar," This quickly constructed home was much in vogue in New England* in the earliest days of a new settlement, and is thus described in a Dutch letter of advice to prospective colonists: "Those in New Nether land and especially in New England, who have no means to build farm houses at first according to their wishes, dig a square pit in the ground, cellar fashion, six or seven feet deep, as long and as broad as they think proper, case the earth inside all round the wall with timber, which they line with the bark of trees or something else to prevent the caving in of the earth; floor this cellar with plank, and wainscoat it overhead for a ceiling, raise a roof of spars clear up and cover the spars with bark or green sods, so that they can live dry and warm in these houses with their entire families for two, three and tour years, "t These and log cabins probably made up the South ampton A-^illage of 1640, for house building in those days was both slower and proportionately more costly than today, as all timber was then hand hewn, sawn planks ?Newhall, Lynn, p- 114; Weeden, Econ. and Social Life, Vol. I, p. 214. tCol. Docts,, Vol, I, p, 368. Among other references in the To-wn Records may be given the following as late as Sept, 5, 1664: "It is granted to Mr, John Jennings liberty to digg a cellar to dwell in, in some convenient place neere ye school house, which is to bee built with this proviso or condition that when he hath done with ye use of said cellar himself yt hee shall resigne it againe to ye towne and shall have noe interest therein except hee procure an in habitant to it of whome the town shall accept," T, R,, Vol. II, p, 232, Again, "it was but a cellar & a few Pallisades plucked up was set up & a few Round sticks laid to beare un a small Roofe over it " E, H„ T, R., Vol. II, p. 176, Manor House of Edward Howell at Marsh Gibbon (From LiDSComhe's History of Buckinghamshire) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 53 not being used until some hundred and fifty years later. Even so, there could have been no idle hands that sum mer, and it must be remembered that anxiety, as well as hard work, was the lot of the founders, for the Indians were never to be trusted and, as we shall see in the next chapter, more than once in these early years gave cause for the gravest alarm. Of the men who guided the destinies of the little set tlement in its infancy, three stand out with especial prominence in my mind, not merely for their influence upon its fortunes, but because they represent so well elements which went to make up the America of that day. First, and undoubtedly worthy to be called the Father of the colony, stands Edward Howell, A magis trate, early elected one of the Selectmen to manage the Town's affairs, its leading citizen in wealth* and social position, whose name appears first in every list, his is the most attractive figure we meet at the beginning of our story. A gentleman by birth, in the then strict meaning of the word, he owned the old manor house of Wesbury at Marsh Gibbon in Buckinghamshire, which he sold in 1639, and also property at Wotton Under wood, from which latter he received an annuity of £31 § He had been admitted a freeman of the Massachusetts ?The list of land allotments in Lynn, so far as it relats to the Southampton settlers was as follows (acres): ~' "" Thomas Sayre 60 Christopher Foster 60 Thomas Newhall 30 [Wm.] Harcher 20 Philip Kirtland, sen. 10 Philip Kirtland, jun, 10 George Wellbye — Daniel Howe, upland and meadow 60 Records Essex Quarterly Courts; Vol, II, pp, 270-1, Note, — The de parture of many wealthy or well to do residents from Lynn af fected its prosperity and in 1645 application was made to the General Court for a reduction in taxes. It was stated that out of £80, formerly Edward Howell had paid £6, John Cooper £1, Wm, Halsey £1, Lady Moody £4, &c, Howell's taxes were the highest of any. Newhall, Lynn, p, 214, § Lechford, Note Book, pp. 322-3. Also N, E. Gen, & Biog, Rec ord, Vol, 40, p. 273; Winthrop Papers, Vol, I, p, 489; N. Y, Gen, & Biog. Record, Vol. 28, pp. 50 et seq and pp. 83 et seq. Edward Howell 500 John Cooper 200 & 10 Allen Bread 200 Edmund Farrington 200 Josias Stanbury 100 Thomas Halsye 100 Job Sayre 60 54 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Colony March 14, 1638-9 and was an extensive land own er in Lynn, where he also possessed a grist mill,! becom ing likewise the owner of the first mill in South ampton, J Taking, as indeed every one did, even the minister, his share in the homely common tasks of the commun ity, (they both appear, for example, in the whaling list of 1644), yet his name never figures in any of the innum erable petty law suits nor bickerings over small matters of business or scandal and one gathers the impression through the records of a man greatly respected, digni fied, reserved, perhaps a little aloof. Of his son Arthur, who will be more particularly mentioned later, we have perhaps the most charmingly intimate portrait of any member of the early community, and although at the period we are now discussing, he was only a lad, it is interesting to note as indicating something of the social relations of the scattered settlements, that he was later to marry the daughter of Lyon Gardiner, living then as a child on her father's island. The second figure, of a very different type, and yet which I have again chosen as a typical one, was that of the minister of the church, Abraham Pierson, the "godly, learned man" of John Winthrop's Journal. He was likely both, according to the notions of his day, but his own writings, of which I have found various bits here and there, reveal a man decidedly lacking in sympathetic un derstanding of the frailties of the human heart and mind, although himself upright, pious and conscien tious.* The little community gathered here was to show itself singularly tolerant in its religious attitude as well fNewhall, Lynn, p. 143. IThis mill stood on the east side of Benedict's Creek north of the present railroad track. One stone was brought from Mill Stone Brook, Seponac, and the other from Mill Stone Swamp, near Brick Kilns, One of these is said to be one of the three forming part of the retaining wall at the present old water mill. The agreement with the Town for building the original mill was dated Jan° 7 1644 T. R., Vol. I, pp. 40 et seq, ' ' ?He is said to have been a native of Yorkshire, was educated at Trinity College, Cambridge, receiving the Bachelor's degree in 1632, Coming to New England in 1640, he was admitted to the Boston church Sept, 5, Conn, Hist, Soe, Coll,, Vol, III, p, 3, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 55 as just and merciful in its court decisions. At the very beginning of the Town Records, however, there appears in what is said to be the minister's hand writing, a curi ous "Abstract of the Lawes of Judgement as given Moses to the Commonwealth of Israel being joyntly and unanimously Consented unto as ffunda- mental by the Inhabitants of this CoUony of Southamp ton," This code, made up of the most bloodthirsty bits of the Mosaic laws, contains fifteen crimes punishable w-ith death, including blasphemy, heresy, profaning the Lord's day, and the cursing or smiting of parents by re bellious children, § In spite of its being "unanimously consented unto," not a single clause was ever enforced, nor was the Code ever again referred to in any way, while every page of the Records bears witness to how utterly alien it was to the spirit of the community. This greater breadth of mind and soundness of judgment on the part of the congregation as compared with the nar row ecclesiasticism of its minister, by no means unusual, was to end in the severance of their relations. In 1643, when the New England Confederacy was formed, and Southampton was considering uniting itself to either New Haven or Connecticut, Mr. Pierson was strongly in favor of the former, while the Town chose the latter, the difference being that in New Haven only church mem bers could become, freemen whereas in Connecticut any orderly person possessing a certain freehold could be come so,* The union with Connecticut came about in 1644 and in 1647 he removed to Branford in the New Haven colony,! Mr. Pierson tried his hand at making verses as well as laws, though with little more success. In a long § T. R., Vol I, pp. 18-22. ?Vide Trumbull, Hist, Conn., Vol. I, p, 271 and 277 for Mr, Pier son and Branford and his attitude on this question, tWhen New Haven itself was joined to Connecticut in 1665, Mr. Pierson again moved, this time to Newark, N. J. Trumbull states that he "and almost his whole church and congregation were so dis pleased, that they soon removed into Newark, in New Jersey, They carried off the records of the church and town, and after it had been settled about five and twenty years, left it almost without inhabi tants," Hist. Conn., Vol, I, p. 277, 50 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON panegyrical elegy on the death of Gov. Eaton of New Haven, consisting of thirty-one stanzas in English and one in Latin, he compares the late executive to a lion, dove, Noah, Abraham, Isaac, David, Jacob, Joseph, Joshua, Caleb, Samuel, Jonathan, Solomon, Ezekiah, Josiah, Nehemiah, Mordecai and Job, usually to the ad vantage of the governor who comes out of the ordeal with flying colors. It is dreary reading, save for its un conscious humor, which is as provoking as it was unin tended, and I will quote only one stanza as, alas, a fair sample of early American poetry. "In all the changes of his life, hee held The Orthodox truth, th' Heterodox he queld. He had a quick passage up to heaven. Was well, & sick, and dead in houres seven."* His most interesting work, however, was an Indian catechism written in a dialect of the Quiripi Indians, spoken near Guilford, and prepared with the help of John Stanton, Only two copies of the first edition of this little book are in existence, one in the New York Public Library with the correct title-page, reproduced in this volume and the other in the British Museum with a forged title which substituted the name of Capt, John Scott for that of John Stanton.! The picture of the Cap tain, an accomplished and consummate rascal, collabor ating with the godly clergyman in the preparation of a catechism must have caused some consternation as well as mirth among his contemporaries. The former emo tion, however, probably prevailed to the total exclusion of the latter, in the minds of the poor Quiripis when they found themselves called upon to find the way to salva tion by such dialectics as are shown in the following ex amples taken at random: Question — "How do you prove that there is but one true God?" ?Mass Hist, Soe, Coll,, Ser. IV, Vol. VII, pp. 477-481. For an other example of Pierson's muse see a 10-line stanza on the death of Robert Coe, quoted by Orcutt, Hist, of Stratford, Vol, I, p, 117. It is more deadly than the elegy. tSee article on the book and Capt. Scott by Mr. W, Eames in Pilling's Bibliog, of the Algonquian Languages, pp, 396-402. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 57 Answer — "Because singular things of the same kind when they are multiplied are differenced among them selves by their singular properties; but there cannot be found another God differenced from this, by any such like properties," Question — Prove "that all singular things are gov^ erned by God's providence." Answer — "Because generals do subsist in singulars, and therefore, if singulars were not preserved by God's providence, the generals would perish with them," Undoubtedly to get the full flavor of the above, it should be read in the Quiripi dialect, but speaking seri ously, it is not an unprofitable subject of historical medi tation to compare this attempted teaching of the modern children of the wilderness with the Sermon on the Mount, It is a luminous commentary on much in New England history and it is for that reason that I have drawn, somewhat at length, the portrait of this undoubt edly pious, conscientious and intellectual minister next to that of the able and accomplished layman and gentle man as constituting two of the types among the leaders of our country in these early days. There was however, another of yet a different sort but of great value in any of the colonies and which was exemplified in our own early community by such a man as , John Coo[3er.* One of the original un dertakers and earliest arrivals here, his name ap pears on the very first page of the Town Records and none with greater frequency from then until his death. A man of the most indomit able energy, he was yet no wanderer like many of the energetic men of his day, who would become prominent residents of half a dozen different settlements in turn, but remained in Southampton from its founding to his own death, and if we trace his name in Boston, Hartford, New Haven, and New Amsterdam as well as in the rec ords of many towns on Long Island, it is merely by rea- ?John Cooper, aged 41, and wife Wilbroe, aged 42, with children Mary, 13; John, 10; Thomas, 7; Martha, 5; came in the Hopewell in 1635 from Olney, Bucks, Eng, He settled at Lynn and was made freeman Dec, 8, 1636. Died 1662, 58 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON son of his multifarious activities. He was apparently what we would class today as a successful self-made man of business, the precursor of a race which was to de velop the resources of a continent. Of untiring energy and unusual business ability, of strong character and will, with a somewhat choleric temper and a hasty tongue, a born fighter, bluff, honest and courageous, he could ill have been spared from the colony in its days of struggle. He may, with others, have been occasionally fined for "passionate expression" or "hasty imprecation" but the unrecorded occasions which called them forth may possibly have justified them, and as for his numer ous law suits it must be granted that they were not sel dom settled in his favor. In one case, when a certain Jennings tried to bring a political hornet's nest around his ears, Gov. Lovelace himself wrote to John Howell on his behalf, saying, "not that I doe not believe Cooper may be blameable of untoward expressions (being a man naturally not so well poHsht as others of a more gentle nature) but in regard the matter" he seems to think that Jennings' motives were decidedly not of a pro bono publico nature.* If he loved a fair fight, he did not love bickering and the last words to his children in his will were "and so give the same counsel all or any of you as Joseph gave unto fhisl brethren that you fall not at difference"! His main business apparently, which he carried on for a while at least with Thomas Cooper, was raising and selling horses, then one of the principal articles of ex port to the Barbadoes, and there was an interesting law suit in that connection in which he figured, tried at New Haven. To simplify a somewhat complicated storv, Giles Sylvester, of Shelter Island, bought a mare wdiich the Coopers were to deliver to him at Southampton.§ Sylvester sailed over to the port at North Sea, and Thomas Cooper happening to be there, off'ered to help ?Col. Docts,, Vol, XIV, p, 676, tLast Will and Testament. T. R,, Vol. II, p, 26. § The law suit was three cornered, involving Jonas Wood, It was decided in favor of the Coopers, New Haven Records, Vol II dd 190-194, ' ^^ HISTORY OF THE 'TOHN OF SOUTHAMPTON 50 him home with her. On the short voyage over, how ever, she fell, killed herself, and Sylvester then sued for her value. In the trial, Thomas Cooper was asked whether he had offered his services. He bluntly answered that he had and that "he would never goe to the devill for a mare, he would tell the truth, and if he did pay for a mare it should learne him more witt then to proffer his service to a gentleman another time." He was also interested in other business affairs, as well as keeping the tavern for a while and having the ex clusive monopoly of the fishing and salting in the Town limits II under license both of the Town and Gov. An- dross, together with certain privileges in regard to drift whales. With all, it is interesting to note, that the in ventory of his estate included the rare item of "Books".t and that in his will he left "unto the poor a marc foal, the best that shall one of the first come up, and is towards the maintaining of a schoolmaster."* The names of others who did much for the develop ment of the colony, of Capt, Topping, of Josias Stan borough, who founded Sagg, of John (Dgden, who founded North Sea, and of others will appear in the next chapter, but the brief sketches of the three given above suffice to show what manner of men .they were who landed on these shores in 1640 and bore the burden of those first hard years. As has already been stated. New England was settled by groups,! frequently bound together by ties of blood, of friendship, of neighborhood before emigration, or of other sorts, but to all such bonds as may thus have united them, there was always added here the further one of common ownership of the soil. Prof. Adams de scribes this original idea of the New England Town, as that "of a village community of allied families, settled in close proximity for good neighborhood and defense, ¦v\'ith homes and home lots fenced in and owned in sever- II T. R,, Vol. II, p. 67. +T, R., Vol. II, p, 27 *T. R., Vol. I, p, 25. fFoj- an interesting exception see Channing, Narragansett Plant- 60 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON alty, but with a common Town Street and a Village Green or Home Pasture, and with common fields, allot ted outside the Town for individual mowing and tillage, but fenced in common, together with a vast surrounding tract of absolutely common and undivided land, used for pasture and woodland, under communal regulations."* How closely Southampton followed this general New England model may be seen by reference to the agree ment made between the original undertakers,! in which are found strict provisions concerning the size and dis position of house lots, planting lots, meadow and com monage. Of all human institutions, those connected with the ownership of land are most stable and least subject to change, and investigations, largely of the last thirty years, have shown that the germs of this New England plan of village land were already in existence before the dispersal of the original Aryan bands to India and to Europe in the days before recorded history be gan. To trace back the system as it prevailed in this village to its nearest prototype we must cross the seas to England, pass back along the centuries of EngHsh his- tory,t retrace the foosteps of our Saxon forefathers to the Teutonic lands upon the Continent and there study a primitive village, or mark, of our ancestors, as it existed some twelve centuries ago, ?H. B. Adams. Germanic Origins of New England To^wns, p. 27. tVide, Disposall of the Vessell, Appendix I. JThe following treats of England at a period not long anterior to the emigration to America: "Every village, in the immediate vi cinity of the dwelling houses and farm buildings, had some few in closed grass lands for the rearing of calves, or for other cattle which it might be thought necessary to keep near the village. . . . Around these home inclosures lay the arable land, divided into fields of nearly equal size, and usually three in number, on which winter and summer crops and fallow followed in succession. In the low est grounds, 'and in the water-formed base of the rivered valleys, or in the boggy dips adjoining the arable land, lay meadow ground for hay harvest.' The more distant land served for pasture and wood, but the pasturage was of two distinct kinds; the inlying por tion of a better kind called 'stinted,' on which there was a limit as to numbers and kinds of cattle , , , and the common pasture, on which every one could turn out as many cattle during the sum mer as he had fodder to support during the winter," Nasse, Agric, Community of the Middle Ages, p, 10. 21 S 0.M E IS 21 HELP.S FOR THE , g^ i INDIANS g .&o» 2i H0V17 to improve thsit natuc?I :^'4- ^ '•*»« /¦»», Tbknovsrthc tV«4 gOZ), and ^ . 21 tbe trae Chnfiun Sjltgiom ^^ 2i I • By leading them Co fee the Di- j^«» 90€: vine Authority of the S;i7p.-»w.. 5^ 21 . 2- By.cbeScriptnr« the- Divine g^ «o« Twtlii neceSary to Eunul S^mm. ts^^ 2S-''-" "IS- 21 . • . Undcptakcn . -i 5^ -2c ¦ - v#' 'i^< 4/«w», and p'Mtfhul f>y '\,^' ^theOi^zi offhc CO M AMISSION- |g;:'; "Sf 'f^i.V''^* United Colonies. ' • ' 3^ « 21' hj A3R4ffjivI ^TElRSON.r;^ 2c ¦¦ • , . ^ &®* ^ Exina'ned, and ^ppi^we J hy 7»w-«» » + Q 1 c«9 5 Mr, Topping, John Howell, Deputy. Uct, 9, ibtJZ ^ ^^ Qgjjg^ n/r 1 ,1 1 ccQ S Mr. [John] Howell, May 14, 1663 j ^^^^'- Thomas Tappin, ( Capt, Thom, Topping, May 12, 1664 < Mr. John Howell, ( Thomas Hallsey, Sr, 72 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON left Lynn, the first minister, the Rev. Abraham Pierson, arriving in Southampton before the middle of Decem ber, Just how early the first meeting house here was built, we do not know but tradition locates it on Old Town Road near where the site is marked, our earliest recorded reference to it being in 1645 when it was or dered that it should be "sweeped upon the last day of every weeke, by each family by turns," and, likewise, from October to April that each family should make a fire in it upon the Sabbath,^ It was probably a small, perfectly plain rectangular building, as the second one, erected in 1651, was only 24x30 feet in size, with posts only 8J^ feet high from the ground to the plate, § In the same year that the new one was started, the old one was fin ally bandoned, being given by the Town to Richard Mills as an addition to his house provided that he should keep an inn or ordinary for strangers for four years. t The new one, though used for worship from 1653, ap parently remained unfinished for many years, payments being made on account in 1667II and the galleries not added until 1682.* This was built after the Town, for unknown reasons, had moved over to the present Main Street in 1648 from its original site at Old Town. Meanwhile, as has al ready been noted, Mr, Pierson had gone to Branford in 1647, the Rev, Robert Fordham taking his place here the next year and remaining until his death in 1674,! He II T, R., Vol. I, p. 37. § T. R., Vol. I, p, 74. t T. R,, Vol. I, p. 90. II T. R., Vol. V, p, 26. ? T. R., Vol, II, pp. 88 and 206, It was located on the southern part of the homestead of Edwin Post and opposite the Parsonage. It is said to have been used from 1653 to 1707 when a new church was built, tradition relating that for a while, services were held in the house of John Jagger, on the site of the Capt. Geo, 'White homestead. Register and Manual, p. 6. The first parsonage was that provided for Rev, John Harriman, Apl. 12, 1675, T. R., Vol. II, D. 62, t For the Town's Agreement with Mr, Fordham see Appendix VIII, It has been suggested that the vicinity known as Littleworth may have received its name from him, that being the name of a village 2 miles from Bedford, Herts. (N. E, Hist, & Gen, Reg., Vol. 67, p. 297) , HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 73 in turn was followed by John Harriman (1674-1676),:;; Seth Fletcher (i676-i68o),|| Joseph Taylor (1679- 1682), § and Joseph Whiting (1682-1723), whose pas torate carries us into the next period of our history, Mr. Taylor's salary reads curiously like a "price cur rent," it having been £ 100 per annum "the same to bee paid either in winter wheat at five shillings per bushel or summer wheat at five shillings sixpence per bushel, or Indian corne at two shillings sixpence pr, bushel, or tallow at 6d, per lb, or green hides at 3d. a pound, or dry hides at 6d, a lb,, or beef at fourty shillings a barrel, or porke at three pounds ten shillings per barrel, or 3d. 0 pound, or whalebone at eight pence per pound, or in oyle at thirty shillings per barrel," Perhaps it was some consolation to the reverend gentleman to note that it was all to be "good and merchantable" and that it was to be collected by the constable. No school house, apparently, was built until 1664 when one 15x20 was ordered to be erected at the Town's charge,! but there was undoubtedly regular teaching in the settlement much earlier, for Richard Mills who was Town Clerk until 1650 signed himself "schoolmaster," School in those days seems to have been g, pretty continuous performance, Jonas Holds- worth, who was employed by the Town in 1663 to teach at £30 per annum being especially allowed "12 days in 5'e yeare liberty for his own particular occations."* % Mr. Harriman's pastorate seems to have been somewhat stormy. T. R., Vol. II, p. 266. Was grad. Harvard, 1667. Moved to New Haven, July, 1676. II Moved to Elizabeth, N. J., 1680, died 1682. Est. valued at £559, 5, 8, of which his library amounted to £175, 4, 4. Howell's Hist., p. 102. § T. R., Vol. II, pp. 75 and 82. Was son of John Taylor, of Cam bridge, Mass., who was Butler of Harvard College. Joseph, born 1651, grad. Harvard, 1669; Fellow, 1673; preached at New Haven, 1674-79; died Apl, 4, 1682. Sibley's Harvard Graduates, Vol, II, pp. 288-290, N. E, Hist. & Gen. Reg., 1901, p, 380, t T. R., Vol, II, p. 232. ?T. R., Vol. II, p. 224, In 1694 John Mowbrey was employed at 1 2 shillings cash "per Scholler," for a six months' term, the daily hours being 8-11 and 1-5, T, R., Vol. II, p. 360, 74 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON The colony, however, on the material siae was also making headway, the earliest step toward expansion having been taken by the building of Edward Howell's mill on Benedict's Creek at the locality still knpwn as Water Mill, although it is unlikely that there was much, if any, settlement there for some time. T^he first important offshoot of the original commun ity was the planting of North Sea in 1650,! two years after the permanent location of Southampton village on its present site and ten years after its first founding". During that decade there had been numerous additions to the number of settlers, Josias Stanborough and others having followed the first comers from Lynn and an im portant group having come from Hempstead, probably following the Rev, Robert Fordham upon his rertioval hither from that place of which he had been one of the founders, J Among those who came with him or sub sequently were Jonas Wood, Capt. Thomas Topping and John Ogden, the last of whom was the founder of North Sea, or, as it was occasionally called, Feversham.jj This had not only been the original landing place of t East Hampton was settled in 1649 but not from Southampton. t Some of them subsequently had trouble with the Dutch over property left there. Acts United Colonies, Vol. I, pp, 209 et seq. Sept. 11, 1651, the Commissioners "wrote to the Dutch Governor in regard to the affairs of Mr, Fordham, Capt, Topping, John Ogden and Jonas Wood "believing the Justice of New England and New Netherland is squared by one Rule." Ibid, p, 210, II This is proved beyond question, 1st, by two maps, the Wells map (reproduced in this book), and the map of New England in Blome's Present State (1686); and 2d, by Josselyn's statement (Voyages, 1675) that "the considerablest Town upon it [Long Id,] is Southampton built on the Southside of the Island towards the Eastern end: opposite to this on the Northemside is Feversham" (p, 313); and 3d, the reference to "John Ogden of Feversham," 1663 (T. R., Vol, I, p, 175), It was also occasionally called Northampton (T. R., Vol, I, p, 70), The high sand bluff there has been known from earliest times as "Homes Hill" (T, R„ passim,); "Whomeses," Vol, II, p, 326; "Homeses Hill," Vol. V, p, 302; "Holmes Hill," VI, p, 214; "place called Homses," II, p. 310, In my opinion it is named for an Indian, Homes meant "an old man" and was used as a per sonal name. The Shinnecock Sachem lived at North Sea, He con quered the Accobacks. who then came to live with the Shinnecocks and Montauks. One of these was named Homes. (Vide, E. H, T. R,, Vol, I, p. 260.) The frequency with which the name appears as a possessive points beyond question in my mind to its being derived from a personal name There was no white so named. There was an Indian, however, apparently living at that place at that time. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 75 the first settlers, but had remained their port, as it did for a hundred and fifty years or more until Sag Harbor came into general use for that purpose. There was a mill on the stream there from very early days, and as there were more or less frequent arrivals of boats from other ports there may have been a few dwellings prior to 1650, but it was in that year that the real settlement took place. Cow Neck and Jefferies Neck being then granted to "Mr. Ogden and his company" provided, among other things, that he would place six families there,* That its founding was due to the crowded conditions in the earlier village and also to its advantages as a trading port is shown in an exceedingly interesting, letter writ ten, almost at the moment of its founding, by Josias Stanborough to John \A'inthrop, Jr,, which I give in full as it is the earliest personal letter I have found written from Southampton. "To the worll his much honrd friend, Mr. Winthrope at his house at Pequot theise present. "Honrd Sr, — My service and salutation prfixed the God of all my mercies recompence yor goodnes & kind- nes extended to strangers a thousand-fold into yor bosome; for ye experience I have had of yor love to me ? This entry is undated in the Printed Records, Vol, I, p. 48, but is dated Feb. 21, 1649 in the original Mss. Records, Liber A, Vol. I, It reads as follows: "It is granted by the major part of this towne that Mr. Ogden and his company shall have Cow Neck and Jefferies Neck for their owne proper right, also that they shall have for their planteing land in either or both of said necks three hundred 24 acres, provided they settle upon it, and upon the same grant they are to have all the meadow betwixt the brooke by the Sachem's house [Stakes in Mss.] and Hogneck spring, for their proper right pro vided it bee a mile from the sea side, upon these conditions following that they must pay to all common rates of the towne at the rate of 9 hundred pounds according to the taking up of those men that dwell there, 2ndly that hee shall place there six families that shall live there and have their abode, 3d that in case that the whole bounds of the toun come to be stinted for cattle that they must be stinted also as they are that live at the towne by the same rule. In common rates as aforesaid is alsoe included the ministers meenes," This settlement differed from others in the Town in that a separate set of Pronrietors was created. For valuable notes on place names at North Sea, by Mr. Pelletreau, see T. R., Vol, VI, p, 273, [By a mis print the grant is there dated 1647 instead of 1649 — 1650 New Style.] See also T, R,, Vol, I, p. 73, Mar, 5, 1651, when the lots at North Sea were exempted from rates. 76 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON in this sorte, assureth me of yor pfection in this grace of Christ, who will pfect his whole worke in all his ser vants ; & if God shall againe bring yo to Southampton, I should account it an honor to me to see you under my roofe, & blese God for such an optunity to show my selfe thankfuU to you for what I am ingaged. Sr, I blese God I came well home in two dayes from Pequot, & I recn all ye psons in good health, & was restored to them before expected at this season ; & there was nothing of moment missing to me of all that God hath given me, save that 3 dayes before I came home 3 foolish boyes burnt me 7 loades of hay & 8 of ye Indian wigwams nigh unto it. I hope my cattell will live without it, & I so much the lese ingaged to Southampton for another yeare, I desire to hearc how Pequot & Will Chesbrow psed as optunity serveth. We have no newes heare being out of ye comon roade [or pticular is] ; Southampt will be to strait [crowded] for Mr. Fordams friends. Easthampton is full, & Mr, Ogden begins a towne on or north side for tradein ; & the things that is sad on my spirit is that I cannot see a way to bringe to greate blessings to the place of my rest (to say) yrself & Mr. Fordam; & then all other questions weare answered. But that I be not farther tediouse give me leave to prsent my kinde re spects & my [torn] Mris. Winthrop to Mris, Lake; and when Mr, Brewster come to you to him, & I rest, Yor Wsps in any service, Josiah Stanborough. Southampton, 4th April, 1650,*" Apparently, five years after its founding, the new settlement contained one quarter of the population of the Town if we are safe in taking the thirst for strong liquor as the basis of statistics for in that year it was provided that John Cooper should have the sole privilege of selling- drink in Southampton, the total amount to be there con sumed per annum to be not more than nine ankers while North Sea was also directed to find a man to be licensed ? Winthrop Papers, Vol. I, p. 371-2, John Winthrop, I think, owned the land transferred Oct, 22, 1644 (T, R., Vol, I, p. 33) as "the 'Ten Acre lot that was Mr. Winthropp's." By the above letter we see that he had visited the Town. JS^^ White Homestead, Sebonack HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 77 whose total sales were to be "three ankers by the yeare and not to exceed,"! The little port at any rate contin ued to prosper, and in 1683 Joseph Fordham was granted permission to build a warehouse at the landing place there,* ^\'n1, Barker, one of the earliest merchants of Southampton alread}- ha\'ing one at Sebonack where goods were landed at what is still known as Barker's Is land. § Its founder, John Ogden, was one of the sort of men I spoke of earlier, prominent wherever he went but changing his residence more or less frequently as new- possibilities opened or his somewhat roving spirit led and was thus an example of another type of that day, able, energetic and restless, J Here, too, it seems, dwelt for a time that stormy petrel (not to be too hard on the bird) of colonial Long Island, Capt. John Scott, || v,hose son, Jeckamiah, remained after his notor ious father winged his way. It is of this son that tradition relates when he returned from New York with his commission as Justice of the Peace, he rode into t T. R,, Vol. I, p. Ill, An interesting reference to the tavern at North Sea occurs in an official letter written by East Hampton to Southampton, 1657, in which it is requested that the meeting place of the joint commissioners to settle the boundary dispute be the "ordinary at the North Sea." This would seem to indicate that in tercourse between the two Towns was by water, not overland — or perhaps the "cakes and ale" at North Sea had a reputation. E. H., T, R„ Vol, I, p, 137. ? T. R., Vol, II, p. 96. § T. R,, Vol, V, p. 180, t Dec, 7, 1641, he was in Stamford, Conn,, and was granted 10 acres there and engaged to build a dam. In 1642 he agreed with Gov. Kieft to build a stone church in New Amsterdam for 2,400 guilders. In 1644 he was one of the Patentees of Hempstead, Made freeman in Southampton, 1650. (Among others who went from Stamford to Hempstead were Jeremy Wood, Jonas Wood, Wm. Ray nor and John Fordham. Huntington, Hist, of Stamford, pp, 19, 22, 39), Was one of the grantees of Elizabethtown, N, J., and bought further rights there 1665. A large number of Soutliampton and North Sea men moved there, Hatfield's Elizabeth, pp. 32, 61, Was appointed Schout on restoration of Dutch, 1673, Brodhead, Hist, Vol. II, p, 219. He was also named in Conn, Charter of 1662, Trum bull, Conn,, Vol. I, p. 249. II For accounts of John Scott see W. Eames in Pilling's Bibliog, of the Algonquian Languages, pp. 396 et seq; Palfrey's New Eng. Note, Vol, II, pp. 564 et seq; N, E, Hist. & Gen. Reg., Vol, 48, pp, 380 et seq. 78 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON the village waving it in the air and shouting, "Now will I make the Town to fear me and North Sea to tremble." Among other early neighbors of this judicious magis trate in the new settlement were Jonas Wood, John Rose, John Jennings, Samuel Clarke, Thomas Shaw and Ralph Dayton. § Meanwhile, the history of the Town had again been punctuated in 1649, by a particularly bad Indian scare on account of the murder of Mrs, Thomas Halsey. The httle community was thrown into a panic by this mur der, which was known to have been committed by an Indian, and a general uprising was feared,* The Shin necocks were first suspected and their Sachem called to account, but he either could not or would not give any information. Suspicion then turning to the Montauks, the Magistrates despatched a messenger to require the immediate attendance of Wyandanch. The messenger arrived at Wyandanch's wigwam on Montauk late at night, but the Montauks were soon roused and gathered around their chief, imploring him not to go, lest the English should kill him, Wyandanch, however, asked gravely whether any of his warriors had been to South ampton within three days, whether any one had ex pressed hostility to the English or had had knowledge of the murder and concealed it, to which they all replied in the negative. • As it chanced, Lyon Gardiner was spending the night with the chief, and was lying within the wigwam appar ently asleep, although he had heard all of the conversa tion. When it was repeated to him by Wyandanch, the § In ''a list of ye towne" made prior to 1666 (in my opinion about 1659, see my Memorials, pp. 83 et seq.) the following are apparently of North Sea: John Rose, Christonher Lunton, Geo. Harris, Richd. Smith, Chas, Sturmy and Sam, Clarke (T, R,, Vol, II, p, 28), to which Howell adds Thos, Shaw, Benj. Haines, Wm, Jennings and John Davis In a whaling list of 1667 (T, R,, Vol, II, p, 22) these same names appear as of North Sea with "Mr. Scott" added. * The matter was brought to the attention of the Commissioners of the United Colonies at their meeting in July, 1649, by a Declara tion of "Mr, John Gosmer & Thos. Halsey" upon "the danger thay were in & difficulties Exposed unto uppon the late murther in yt towne whereby thay were necessitated to arme themselves & stande uppon theire defence for many dayes," Acts, Vol. I, p, 143, Tyndall's Grove, North Haven (Copyright by Eister Studio) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 79 Captain advised him as the only means of curing the set tlers' suspicions, that he should go with the whites to to the Shinnecock Sachem and help in tracing the rriurderer whoever he might be, and that meanwhile he himself would remain as a hostage with the Montauks tor the good treatment of the Chief at Southampton, Wy andanch went, and- that night after travelling thirty miles he found three Indians who had been principals and accessories and brought them to the magistrates in the morning, the trouble having been caused by a Pequot who had vowed vengeance against the whites and sacri ficed the first victim fate placed in his hands. Appar ently no general plot of the local Indians was in ques tion. (I In spite of this reassuring outcome, the following years were anxious ones as to Indian affairs. On the one hand the Dutch were believed to be supplying the sav ages freely with firearms,* and, on the other, Ninigret was attacking the Montauks and plotting the life of the Shinnecock Sachem.! Not only were new rules re garding trading with the Indians put into effect and watch and ward were strictly kept but by 1653 matters had reached the point that in East Hampton no Indian was to come into the town except on special business and the sentries were ordered to shoot to kill any that tried to pass them after dark. J In 1655 occurred the II Gardiner, Chronicles, pp. 31-3, Also Acts, Vol. II, p, 98, as follows: "Soe when an English woman att or about Southampton was crewelly and Treacherously morthered by three Indians and one of the onely taken this Sagamore [Wyandanch] seized the other two and himself brought them to Justice att Hartford, wherein he gave a good Testimony of his fidelitie to the English and hazarded the love and Respect of his owne men whoe seldome heare of such a Currage in other Sagamores." ? Sept,, 1651, "Captaine Tapping and Jonas wood in theire owne name and in the behalfe of Mr. Fardom and John Ogden and others of Southampton by petition, &c., enformed the Commissioners that theire peace is much endangered by that large Trade the Indians have with the Dutch in guns powder and shot by which means they are at least as plentifully furnished as themselves as apte to give volleys of shot in theire entertainments" &c. Acts Unit. Col., Vol. I,, p. 209. — "because that the Dutch hath hired Indians against the English," E. H„ T. R„ Vol, I, p, 31. t Acts Unit, Col,, Vol, II, pp, 98 et seq; Gardiner, Chronicles, pp. 34 et sen. t E. H., T. R.. Vol. I, p. 31. 80 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON bloody attack of the Narragansetts on the Montauks, and in the spring of 1657 there was an attack upon Southampton village involving the burning of several houses, including that of the widow of Edward Howell, but this seems to have been rather the work of a few- criminals than the result of any concerted Indian rising.* Undeterred, however, by the constant danger of sav age foes, the little settlement continued to push on and extend its limits, and in January 1653 [1654 N. S.] there was made the "Division of lande called Sagaponack, "t the land so laid out extending from Flying Point to the East Hampton boundary line and lying mainly between Mecox Road, Fairfield and Bridge Lanes on the north and the ocean on the south. On this large tract, un doubtedly the first settlement was made at Sagg, and while the exact date is open to some question I believe It to have been in May 1656,$ and that Josias Stanbor ough, who had purchased large amounts of land there in addition to his original allotment, was the first settler. " Vide letter of Simon Bradstreet, Sept, 8, 1657, "sume houses wilfully and sinfully burnt att Southampton pt[l]y by a wicked Indian who wee heare desparately Killed himselfe to prevent Just execution; and ptly by a mischievous Negar woman servant; fare deeper in that capitall miscarriage then any or all of the Indians." Acts. Unit. Col., Vol, II, p, 180. — On account of these burnings a fine of £700 to be paid in 7 years (afterwards partly remitted) was laide upon the Indians by the Commissioners of the United Colonies, and it is this which figures in the Records in various connections as "fire money," Vide, Col, Records Conn., Vol, I, p, 314, t Forty-one £ 150 lots, T. R., Vol. I, pp, 98-100, Apparently no former cultivation had taken place on the 30 eastern lots, but the remainder is noted as "Meacoxe old ground," which indicates prior cultivation. X The facts are these. After having bought much land (T. R,, I, 133 et seq) he sold his home in Southampton, May, 1656 (Ibid, p 135), The entry (East Hampton boundary dispute. Ibid, p, 116) proves his living in Sagg Mar,, 1658 [1659], An entry in E, H, T. R., I, 127, Feb, 18, 1657 [1658] quotes Barnes who "Declareth yt he beinge at Saggaponack at Mr. Stanbarows in the Spring time; at yt time Mr, Stanbarow did speak unto my mother-in-law," &c. This was the spring of 1657, N, S, All this clearly points to 1656 as the date of settlement. His house stood at the south end of Sagg Main St,, on what is still known to-day as the "Stanborough lot." Josias Stanborough is first mentioned in Lynn in 1639, (Essex Courts, Vol, I, p. 12), noted as "gone out of Con try & pattent," 26-10-1643 (Ibid, p, 56). 1st wife was Frances, dau, of Henry Gransden of Tunbridge, Kent (Lechford, Note Book, p, 199), and HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 81 The old burying ground is probably nearly as old as the settlement, for in his will dated July 6, 1661 (proved Sept, 3) Stanborough gave his "body to bee buried at Sagaponack by my former wife" which indicates a burial prior to that date although the oldest stone now deciph erable is that of John Topping, i686,1| As the earliest houses were on the three sides of the lower end of the Main Street, the burying ground was right in the mid dle of them, which was frequently the case in that day from fear that the Indians might disinter and desecrate the dead unless protected by proximity to the living, .Vnother of the very earliest families of Sagg and probably among its founders was that of the Toppings, although I think it doubtful whether Capt, Thomas Top ping himself ever lived there,! though his son John did and the Captain was a landowner there and one of the most prominent men in Southampton during the first generation, as indeed he was wherever he lived. From AVethersfield, Conn., where we first find him, he moved to Milford and thence to Hempstead, ijl where the Gov ernor, having impugned the legality of some votes in Town Meeting, said that "all that had been done since Capt, Topping went away, hee looked at to be nothing,"|| He probably came to Southampton with John Ogden, both of them being chosen freemen the same day, March 31, 1650,* and in the same year he was chosen a Magis trate and Captain of the soldiers, §He served many terms as representative to Hartford, was one of Gov, Nicolls' 2d, Alee, wid. of Thos. Wheeler of New Haven, Was one of repre sentatives of Southampton in East Hampton Boundary dispute (Col. Reeds. Conn., I, 368). May have been son of Wm, S. of Canons Ashby (N. E. Hist, & Gen. Reg., Vol, 63, p, 166), His son Peregrine said to be first white child born in Southampton, but I doubt this, as he did not come until 1643, 1 For transcripts of all stones in this cemetery as well as Mecox, Hayground, Poxabogue and the "Old" Bridgehampton ones, see my Memorials, pp. 312-383. t For fuller discussion see Memorials, pp. 72-3, % Col. Docts,, Vol, XIV, p. 110. The first volume of Hempstead Records is lost but was in existence as late as 1875 when Onderdonk described it as "the mouse eaten book." II Col, Docts.. Vol, XIV, p. 177, ? T. R,, Vol, I, p. 49. § T. R,, Vol. I, p. 67, 82 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Council in 1664,$ a member of the Hempstead Conven tion, || and one of the Commissioners of Admiralty 1665, § High Sheriff in 1666, a and prominent in many other po sitions. It was he who made the celebrated "Topping Purchase" of the land west of Canoe Place, which re mained a matter of controversy for some years, but was finally turned over to the Town and now forms its west ern half. Whether this dispute had anything to do with it or not, I do not know, but he subsequently moved to Branford, Conn,, where he at once became prominent and where he remained until his death in Dec, 1687, b The third prominent family in Sagg was that of the Piersons, who did not come, however, until after the new land division of 1677, becoming in time the largest land owners in the place. Lt. Col. Henry Pierson, the first settler of the name in Sagg was a member of the Colonial Assembly from 1691 to 170T, Speaker of the House 1693 to 1695,* and had an odd experience with pirates which will be told in a later chapter. The house of his grandson Job, on the west side of Main Street near the South end is one of the oldest houses in Sagg yet standing and is still owned by the family, as is also the Topping house east of the Burying Ground, likewise in possession of descendants of its original owner. The Iv. Page Topping house! and the Elisha O, Hedges housed are examples of the earliest type and may be two cen turies or more old. Edward Howell, grandson of the t Brodhead, Vol. II, p, 43, § Brodhead, Vol, II, p, 87, II Brodhead, Vol, II, p, 67, a Col. Docts,, Vol. XIV, p, 577, b For other references see Coll. Conn, Hist, Soe, III, p, 306; Col, Docts., Vol, XIV, pp, 579, 581, 583, 707, 712, Southold and East Hampton Records; Conn Col, Records and Acts Unit. Col., passim; Memorials, pp, 70 et seq. ? He was son of Henry Pierson, who was Town Clerk of South ampton from 1653 to 1669 and Clerk of the County Court 1669-1681. Col, Pierson's son David was also a member of the Colonial As sembly, 1737-47, and his greatgrandson a member of the State As sembly 1850, See News, May 28, 1908 and Jan, 28, 1910, t Northeast corner of Sagg Main St, and East Hampton Road. ton Road. § West side of Sagg Main St,, second house south of East Hamp- H '3 o HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON S3 founder, was living in Poxabogue in 1718 and that house is still standing and owned by his descendants. || Among other early settlers were Robert and Nathan Norris, who have left their name in Norris Lane, Chris topher Leaming, who moved to Cape May in 1692, Ben jamin Palmer, Joel Burnett, and John Morehouse, while Daniel Hedges, first of that name in the town, came from East Hampton about 1707, Meanwhile another community, known then and now as Mecox, was growing up somewhat to the west of Sagg Pond, The exact date of this, as of the Saga ponack settlement, is uncertain, but my own opinion, from study of the records, is that it occurred shortly after the latter. In the "List of ye Towne" already referred to, we find the census taker enumerating the names of Ben Foster, Henry Ludlam, Anthony Ludlam, EUis Cook and Arthur Howell in exactly the order in which they lived along the highway in Mecox as he would have followed it on his way to Sagaponack, and the names of the men immediately following were residents of that place. The making of the list, therefore, would seem to be subsequent to the founding of both of the new settle ments, and would thus place an outside date for them. Howell, who dated the list 1657 was not wrong, I think, by more than a couple of years or so,* In any case, the Ludlams (now Ludlows), Cooks, and Halseys were undoubtedly the first settlers, fol lowed later, probably about or subsequent to, the time of the next division of land lying north of Mecox Road II He lived earlier on the east side of the south end of Sagg Street, selling his land there Jan. 30, 1713-14, For some time there were Indians living around Paxabogue Pond, "One night Mrs. Hand heard screams coming from a wigwam and went to see what the trouble was. She found the Indian, who had been indulging in fire water, with one hand twisted in his squaw's hair and in the other a long black stone with which he was going to brain her. Mrs. Hand ran behind him, caught the stone from his hand and ran home. This stone was used in the Hand family for three generations for a pestle." C. H. Hildreth, in News, Sept. 3, 1909, ? For fuller discussions of this point see my Memorials, pp, 81-85. The earliest mention of the name Mecox is 1644 (T. R., Vol, I, p. 40). In 1646 Edward Howell was granted 4 acres of meadow land there cr. R., Vol. I, p. 98). 84 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON in 1677, by the Hildreths, Coopers, Newtons, Sayres, Mitchells, Rogers and others,! The most interesting of these was, perhaps, young Arthur Howell, the son of the founder Edward Howell, who lived for awhile in East Hampton after marrying Lyon Gardiner's daughter Mary, who died in 1658 (N, S, ) He left that village after her death, selling his house there in 1659, marrying the daughter of Thurston Raynor, and it was at that time, I think, that he settled in Mecox. As a young man, his attractive figure often appears in the Records and frequently in an intimate fashion, as when we find him noted as sitting in the [larlor with a friend smoking a pipe, or being re proved by Mrs. Gardiner for having eaten a "pumkin porrage" found in the closet.* This last episode, ow ing to some gossip among the women, made a consider able stir and ended in a suit brought against the feminine tattler by his pipe smoking chum, whose character, and so incidentally Howell's, is struck out for us in the words of a witness who testified as to his jest ing that one should "take noe heede to him for he will mock his ffriend in a merry way." Young Howell's mind was occupied with much besides pipes and porridge, however, and he was one of the few settlers who learned the Indian language, serving oc casionally as interpreter for the Town, The oldest houses of the early Mecox families still standing are probably the Sandford homestead on t Anthony Ludlam lived on the south side of Mecox Rd,, a little east of where it makes the sharp bend south toward Bay Lane; Ellis Cook on south side where it joins Bay Lane; Arthur Howell about where Mr, Twyeffort's "Beach House" now stands; Thos. Cooper on the north side, west of the "new" road to Augustus Cook's; James Hildreth, north side a little west of Capt. Stephen's; Benoni Newton, between Cooper and Hildreth; Daniel Sayre came before 1699, John Mitchell between 1686 and 1705, Jonah Rogers before 1698. Wm. Russel before 1683, Samuel Lum before 1699; Ezekiel Sanford was in the old homestead by, perhaps, 1686. The name Mecox originally embraced the entire tract from Sagg Pond to Flying Point, and from the ocean to the main country road, "Me cox Gate" was a gate which stood across Ocean Road, just south of where Mecox Road runs into it, to prevent cattle straying. It was maintained until about 40 years ago and was first mentioned in 1679 T, R„ Vol, V, p, 183, ? Vide, amusing suit for slander, E. H,, T, R,, Vol, I, p, 120, The Windmill at Water Mill HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 85 Bridge Lane, built perhaps about 1686 and the other old Sandford house near by which would seem to be of about the same period. The Augustus Cook and Albert Halsey houses near the corner of Paul's and Halsey's Lanes may be 150-200 years old, and parts of the pres ent Cooper homestead on Mecox Road are probably a couple of centuries also, but it is impossible to specify any dates exactly,* No traces remain of the two earliest mills, one a horse mill which gave its name to Horse Mill Lane and another which Peletiah Fordham had leave to set up near "Calfe Creeke provided he will pay all damage that ye mill shall doe to dum cretors, not damnifying highways,"! The ancient cemetery on Job's Lane still remains, however, and is of particular interest as con taining the oldest monument of any sort in. the Town, being the stone erected to the memory of Anthony Lud- larn who died JMarch 17, i68i-2,j Another point of in terest in connection with Mecox is the fact that while in all the other settlements the houses were clustered together, presumably for protection, this was not- the case here, each settler living on his own farm and there being no trace of a compact village center or street. The records of that early day have, naturally, mainly to do with the serious business of life, but now and then we catch a glimpse of its lighter sides, and our first recorded "party" seems to have been in this neighborhood, for we read in a deposition of an East Hampton resident in 16.S4, concerning a business trip to Southampton to see John Cooper that on the way "we mett a man, and after yt we overtook Captayne Toppine att Mecocks pond & ther we stayd & pipt it & Drunk of a bottle of rum."|l How many a party else- ? The "old Haines house" on the farm of Mr, Henry Corwith and now remodelled beyond recognition dates from 1679, the date ap pearing on the plate in an upstairs room. Vide, Memorials, p, 218. The Briggs (Wick) house in Bull Head may date from about 1686 in part. t T. R., Vol. V, p. 78. t For complete list of all inscriptions see my Memorials, pp, 325- 330. II E. H,, T, R,, Vol. I, p, 70, 86 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON where than Mecox has also started from this same point of "we met a man!" The two communities separated by Sagg Pond con tinued to grow and prosper and in 1686 the Town auth orized the construction, by Ezekiel Sandford, of the first bridge across that sheet of water, § which a little later united the two neighborhoods in name as well as fact under the present one of Bridgehampton. At the same meeting at which this Bridge was auth orized it was also voted that the people of Sagg and Mecox, eastward of the Wading Place,* should be re leased from paying any part of the minister's salary in Southampton "from October next" provided they se cured a minister of their own,! This was in 1686, but the neighborhoods continued to pay their rates until and including 1694,^ in which year the Rev. Ebenezer Whitelj may have been secured as minister being or dained here Oct, 9, 1695. Meanwhile the first church had undoubtedly been built on the site now marked by the stone monument on Bridge Lane near the east end § "by the Major vote that ye town in a general to-wn Rate In cluding the whole town shall pay towards the building of a bridge over SagaponackPond fifty pounds in pay, the Inhabitants of Saga ponack and Mecox to make and to retain the said bridge forever at their own charge and they are to make and maintain ye said bridge sufficient for either men^ horses or cartes to pass over." T. R., Vol, II, p. 110. This bridge, which stood a little north of the pres ent one finally disappeared. About 30 years ago Silas Tuthill, who had come from Westhampton and bought land on Smith Corner, built a causeway, which went to pieces. The present bridge was built in 1900. ? This was the flat extending across Calve's Creek from about the end of Bay Lane. t T. R., Vol, II, p, 112. To this was added a vote for laying out 40 acres in Sagg or Mecox, probably for Parsonage land. It was not laid out, t By a town vote June 23, 1691, 60 acres was ordered to be laid out to be improved for a parsonage, T. R,, Vol, II, p, 126. 'This was done Apl. 24, 1694 (T. R,, Vol II, p. 129), probably in anticipation of Mr, White's coming, II Son of Ebenezer; grad, of Harvard, 1692, aged 20. Ordained here Oct. 9, 1695, Bought 10 acres in Sagg, Apl. 17, 1695 for £50 and on it built his house, torn down about 1856, Tradition states that at first he boarded with Deacon Elnathan Topping, whose dau. he married. On May 27, 1695 the Town voted him 15 acres of land where convenient for him (T. R., Vol, II, p, 58), Resigned on ac count of ill health, June 15, 1748, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 87 of Sagg Bridge, § and three years later in a session of the Colonial Assembly of which Col, Henry Pierson was then a member, there was passed. May i6, 1699, the act incorporating Bridgehampton as a separate parish, II Meanwhile, however, political events in the little world of the Colonies were moving rapidly, and South ampton, unwillingly enough, was caught in their cur rent. Locally great anxiety and annoyance had been caused the residents of that and the other eastern Towns about 1660 by that arch mischief maker, Capt, John Scott, who through fraudulent purchases from the Indians claimed the title to large tracts of land for which he executed conveyances. As a result of their common troubles in this connection, the three eastern Towns sent represen tatives to a joint meeting in 1663 to consider not merely a method of extricating themselves from the toils of Capt. Scott but to endeavor to form a permanent union and if possible secure a charter from the Crown.* § Tradition states it to have been about 25 x 35 ft. in size, with a thatched roof and a fire place, and to have been built about 1670, though to my own mind the records point to about 1686. Before a church was built, services were held in private houses. li This date was first correctly given in my Memorials, owing to the kindness of Mr. Peter Nelson, State Archivist. (See discussion in that volume of dates given by Prime, Thompson, Hedges, &c,, pp, 186-191.) The Act was entitled "A Bill to enable ye Respective Townes, within this province to build and repair their meeting houses & other publick buildings," and the clause specifically relat ing to Bridgehampton was as follows: the "precinct of Bridge Hampton, comonly called Sagaboneck and Mecoxe within ye Towne of Southampton, shall forever hereafter be Esteemed a Distinct Parish from ye said Towne of Southampton, and have and Injoy all ye privileges & Benefits of a distinct parish, for ye building and Erecting of a publick Edifice with its appurtenances, for ye pub lick Service of God, according to ye true Intent & meaning of this Act, And they are hereby Impowered and Authorized to Lay Rates upon their respective ffreeholders. Inhabitants and Sojourners within ye said precincts of Bridgehampton, in as full and ample manner as if ye said precinct were a Separate & Distinct Town within this province, anything Contained in ye Grant of Southamp ton to ye Contrary hereof in any ways notwithstanding," Col, Laws 07 New York. Chap, 83. ? The Southampton delegates were John Howell, Samuel Clarke, Capt. Topping, Rev, Robt. Fordham and John Jessup (in place of Thos,. Halsey, who refused to serve), T, R., Vol, II, pp, 227-233; E. H,, T, R,, Vol, I, p. 211, 88 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON This ambitious scheme, however, was brought to naught by the events of the following year which de termined forever that these Towns should form part of New York,! for on the 25th of August 1664 New Am sterdam was forcibly seized by an English fleet, and that province, with all of Long Island, was granted to the Duke of York$ by Charles II in distinct violation of the terms of the new Charter granted to Connecticut only two years previously and which had included east ern Long Island in the territory of that Colony.* By blood, by tradition, by common origin, by poli tical, religious and commercial ties, the Eastern Towns had been strongly bound to New England, when by a stroke of the pen they suddenly found themselves sev ered from all their old bonds and associations and united to a people who were largely of an alien race. English themselves and emigrants from New England colonies, they would naturally have turned to their kinsmen, men of the same blood and of the same speech rather than to the Dutch at the west end of the Island even if the ease or difficulty of access to their respective neighbors had been less marked in comparison. As it was how ever, a few hours sail through the Bay and across the Sound brought them to Saybrook and so up the inland waters of the Connecticut with comparative speed and comfort, whereas on the other hand. New Amsterdam, peopled by a different race, under a more or less hostile gov ernment, speaking a different tongue, was distant a much k nger sail or a hundred miles overland through almost un broken sandy forests, jj However, the force was overwhelming, as well as the new Charter of the King, Gov, Winthrop of neces- t East Hampton did not wholly relinquish the plan and brought it forward again in 1671, E, H„ T. R., Vol, I, p. 237. X For copy of grant see Col, Docts,, Vol. II, pp, 295 et seq. ? Dated Apl. 20, 1662. Trumbull, Hist. Conn., Vol. I, p, 249; Brodhead, Hist., Vol, I, p, 702, In this Charter John Topping and John Ogden were named among the Patentees. II There was some commercial intercourse, however. See, e, g,, suit of Balthazar de Haert vs. John Cooper for "2,702 gilders in seawant," 1667, Cooper could not pay in wampum and offered beaver skins or "Boston silver," New Amsterdam Records, Vol, 'VI, p, 275. The trading was apparently all by boat. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 89 sity relinquished the claims of Connecticut and the East End vvas left to submit to the altered and unwelcome conditions. The new governor. Col, Nicolls, promptly organized his government, naming among his counsel lors Thomas Topping of Southampton and William Wells of Southold.* He also called for a meeting of elected representatives from all the Towns, to which Southampton sent Capt, Topping and John Howell, At this meeting, held March i, 1665, and which from the place of its sitting has always been called the Hempstead Convention, was passed the Code known as the "Duke's Laws," in spite of the opposition of the delegates, and Suffolk County was erected into the "East Riding of Yorkshire," practically all power being conferred upon officials who, by the method of their se lection, would be subservient to the governor. More over, in spite of the fact that the settlers had already paid for their lands, both to the Indians and to the King's previous grantee, they were required to take out new patents, and in 1670 the Southampton titles were declared invalid by the Court of Assize unless renewed under the new government,! This immediately called forth a vigorous protest, signed by fifty freemen of the Town, dated Feb. 15, 1670, reciting the previous purchases and grants, and other reasons why a new Patent should not be required, among them being the terse one that in the proposed Patent "people are enjoined to acknowledge that his royal highness the Duke of York is sole proprietor of the whole Island; which we cannot consent unto, be cause we know ourselves to be the true proprietors of the lands we here possess"! The matter dragged along and other protests were sent in, as to taxation for pur poses in other parts of the Province in which they had ? Brodhead, Hist., Vol. II, p. 43, t Col. Docts., Vol. XIV, p, 653. While these events were occurring the Eastern Towns were again disturbed, in 1666, by an Indian scare, as a result of which all Indians were disarmed and the Towns for a while in a state of panic Brodhead, Vol II, p, 156, Council Min., Mss,, 3(2) :52, 3(2) :65; Col, Mss,, 25:209. X This document was unfortunately among the papers of the Court of Assize, destroyed in the fire at the Albany Capitol, 90 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON no interest, and especially as to lack of representation in a General Assembly, These were declared by the Gov ernment to be "scandalous, illegal and seditious" and were publicly burnt in New York City.! In 1672, ow ing to their extreme dissatisfaction with the government of Lovelace, the three Eastern Towns sent a representation to the King, praying that they might, as formerly, "be continued under the Government and Patent of Mr. Winthrop, or else that they may be a free corporation as His Majesties subjects,":): but the petition, of course, was not granted. On July 30th of the following year, however, affairs at New York took a dramatic turn and that province again suddenly passed into the hands of the Dutch, who immediately warned every Long Island Town to send deputies to swear allegiance to the restored government. Southampton at once turned to Connecticut, as did also Southold and East Hampton, for aid and advice, but that Colony at the moment had her hands full with her own concerns. In August the five eastern Towns appointed delegates and sent a list of demands to the Dutch which they required should be met before sub mission would be made.* In spite of the fact that one of these was refused, the Town of Southampton, on the 7th of September, delivered up its flag and constable's staff, and sent in nominations for officers from which the Dutch selected Edward Howell and Joshua Barnes for local magistrates.il There had been a dispute, however, betw^een the five Towns and the Dutch over the form of the oath of al legiance to be taken to the States General, and in Oct ober they refused to take it as prescribed by the Dutch. Southampton writing that it could not abjure its allegi- t Brodhead, Hist., Vol, II, p. 187. t Brodhead, Hist,, Vol. II, pp, 172 et seq. ? There were 10 demands, only one of which, viz : liberty to pur chase whaling irons in New England, was, for some odd reason, re fused. The delegates from Southampton were John Jessup and Joseph Raynor, The five To^wns were Southampton, East Hampton, Southold, Brookhaven and Huntington, Demands dated, Jamaica, Aug. 14, 1673, Col, Docts., Vol. II, pp. 583 et seq, II N. Y, Col, Docts,, Vol. II, p, 601. HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 91 ance to the English sovereign,* The people again ap pealed to Connecticut for help, as well as to Massa chusetts,! and this time they were more successful, Con necticut pointing out "how tender wee are of the Ef fusion of Christian blood" yet promising protection to its "dear Neighbours" on Long Island, :): On the last day of the month, the Dutch despatched the frigate Zee-hond, with their commissioners on board to the East End to require submission, heading first for Southold whither Connecticut had also despatched Maj. ^^inthrop to assist in the defence. The Commissioners reached Southold and landed, but the inhabitants re fused to take the oath, and in the record kept by the Dutch Secretary we read that there were also present some inhabitants of Southampton "among them one John Couper, who told Mr, Steenwyck to take care and not appear with that thing at Southampton, which he more than once repeated ;"for the Commissioners, agree ably to their commission, had intended to go thither next morning; whereupon Mr, Steenwyck asked, what he meant by that word thing; to which John Couper re plied, the Prince's flag; then Mr. Steenwyck enquired ? Letter in Col. Docts., Vol, II, p. 639, Dated Oct, 1, 1673. t "Some persons from Southampton made application to the Bos ton General Court for assistance, the messenger, John Cooper, a resolute man, proposing it as easy with lOO armed men, to pro claim his Majesty in all the towns upon Long Island, but the depu ties in the General Court wholly refused to engage the country in the undertaking." Private letter of Richard Wharton, Sept, 24, 1673. Cal. State Papers, Col, Ser. Vol. 1669-74, p, 525. t Entry Oct. 14, 1673, Capt, John Howell, Capt. John Young and Mr. James appeared before the General Court at Hartford and "fully declared unto us their dolefull and distressed estate by rea son of the late threats and usurpations of the Dutch, and have most affectionately petitioned us to afford them protection and govern ment." Letter from Genl. Court to Mass., Oct, 17, Conn. Col. Rec ords, Vol, II, p. 212. "Son — You will understand by your brother Palmer more fully than I can write the pticulars of the severall motions from South ampton & other townes of the easterne end of Long Island for helpe, & that Capt, Youn.g, Capt. Howell & Mr. James weer heere lately , , . & yt thereupon Capt, Young & Mr. Howell went towards Boston the end of last week, & may be expected back the end of this . . , and Mr, Coopfer] and Mr. James when they were here did mention for yourselfe to goe over." Letter John Winthrop, Jr,, to Fitz J, Winthrop, Hartford, Oct, 23, 1673. Winthrop Papers, Mass Hist. Soe. Coll., Ser. V, Vol. 8, p, 158, 92 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON of John Couper, if he said so of himself, or on the au thority of the inhabitants of Southampton, He answered : Rest satisfied that I warn you, and take care you come not with that Flag within range of shot of our village." The next day the Commission returned to New Amsterdam, fearing further attempts "would do more harm than good."* In February, however, the Dutch made a more de termined attempt and despatched a flotilla to Southold to try to enforce obedience. Soldiers were hurriedly sent from East Hampton and Southampton, the latter a company of forty under command of Capt, John How ell, the whole force at Southold being under the direc tion of Maj, Winthrop and the Dutch being repelled without loss. 11 By the Treaty of Westminster, signed in London, Feb, 19, 1674, New Netherland again passed into the hands of the English, and in October of that year Ed mund Andros came over as Governor, Connecticut and the three eastern Towns made one last effort to main tain their union! but without avail and eastern Long- Island ceased to be New England soil. J The matter of the Patent was now vigorously pressed by the new gov ernor and in spite of spirited protests, all three Towns were forced to submit, Southampton's' Patent being dated Nov, i, 1.676,11 while under Gov. Dongan, again, only ten years later yet another Patent was required to be taken out and payment extorted, § ? Col. Docts,, Vol. II, p. 657. 11 For Maj. Winthrop's official report of the "battle," Feb. 25, 1673-4, see Conn. Col, R6c'ds, Vol. II, pp. 566 et seq. t Court of Election, May 14, 1674, "This Court doth nominate and appoynt Captn, John Howell, Capt. John Younges and Mr, John Mulford to be Commissioners for the townes of South Hampton, East Hampton and Southold, and they are hereby impowered to keep a county court in these towns as there shall be occasion, and they are invested with Magistraticall power," Conn, Col, Records, Vol. IL p. 229. % The three Towns protested to Andros, but like Connecticut were forced to yield. Col. Docts,, Vol, XIV, p. 681, II For documents relating to Patent, and Patent itself see Ap pendices IX and X, § Vide, Appendix XI. "By the terms of the Dongan Patent the Town was to pay 40 shillings annually as a quit rent. After the Benedict's Mill, Water Mill ?itW^'-rjRli' -. - ¦1: %- "•l^^ W^ -J -<< 4 P- k^ ir^BVHE H 1 jK 1 f 1 J 1 n i b ^ ' ! North End Burying Ground, Southampton HISTORY OF THE TOII'N OF SOUTHAMPTON 03 In what marked the final settlement of the Town's political relations, the meeting of the first New York Assembly April 9, 1691, Suffolk County was repre sented by two delegates, Mathew Howell and Henry Pierson, both of whom were Southampton men.* Revolution this was considered as due to the State of New York and by an act of the Legislature Apl. 1, 1786, it was ordered that the rents should be paid into the treasury but that all persons holding lands by patent and by quit rent might commute the same by paying 14 shillings for each shilling of quit rent. By this commutation disappeared the last shadow of our colonial form of government," Note by W, S. Pelletreau, T, R„ Vol. Ill, p. 315. ? Brodhead, Hist., Vol. II, p. 642; Smith, Hist,, Vol. I, p. 99. CHAPTER V. GOVERNMENT AND SOCIAL LIFE We have now followed the history of the colony from its founding in 1640 down to the close of the 17th cen tury and witnessed its steady and vigorous growth in spite of all vicissitudes and many changes. Before pass ing on to consider its fortunes in the succeeding century and its greater development during that period, let us pause to examine briefly the form of government of the little community and the sort of life led by its men and women of those early days. Praise has always been lavished, and justly so, upon the New England Towns as institutions, yet until some thirty years ago but little effort had been made to trace or explain their origin. Local historians and antiquar ians described their machinery in great detail in their several localities but usually assumed as Prof, .Adams said, that "they are either the offspring of Puritan vir tue and the Congregational church, or else that they are the product of this rocky soil, which is supposed to pro duce free institutions spontaneously, as it does the ar butus and the oak,"* Under the powerful impetus of the idea of evolution. however, and by the use of the comparative method, the study of institutional history has undergone a profound change. Town government has ceased to be regarded as the evidence of superhuman piety or wit on the part of our ancestors and has been found to spring from roots ? Adams, Germanic Orig, of N. E. Towns, p. 8, ,.-,,','Wl» '..-pi , Old Hook Schoolhouse, Southampton Presbyterian Church of 1707, Southampton HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 95 reaching into the rich soil of ages gone, down through English history, the earlier Teutonic stages on the, con tinent into the depths of our earliest Aryan past,* Such an apparently trifling institution as the village pound for stray cattle was found to be older than the Kingdom of England, while the Town Meeting and the Town officers all had their prototypes in other ages and in other lands. The most immediate sources from wdiich our local institutions derived were naturally the similar ones with which the first settlers vvere familiar at home in the "towns" and "parishes" of old England,! although, of course, no model was transplanted in its entirety. No two, perhaps, were exactly alike in the older country, and local conditions would tend to modify them here, while too much stress can be laid upon even apparent continuity, the minds of individuals of the same race seeming to react in more or less the same way to the same needs and circumstances so that even among a group of boys in the 19th century ancient and even com plicated forms of land ownership were found to spring up almost spontaneously,:]: The coincidences, however, are too complete and too detailed, and the continuity too well established, to now leave doubt but that our local town governments are the legitimate descendants of earlier institutions to be traced down the great dividing streams of Aryan, Teutonic and English history. In some cases indeed they were reviv als of those partially lost to the England of the col onising period, so that- Prof, Freeman writes that "the most notable thing of all, yet surely the most natural thing of all, is that the New England settlers of the seventeenth century largely reproduced English institu tions in an older shape than they bore in the England of ? Among other references see Freeman, Introd, to Am. Institut. Hist.; Adams, Germanic Origins; Foster, Town Govt, in R, I.; Adams. Village Communities; Maclear, Early N. E. Towns; Chan ning, Town and County Govt.; Howard, Local Constit, Hist, of U. -S. The last has an exhaustive bibliography, pp. 475-498. t It must be remembered that in England a Parish was more a political than an ecclesiastical division. X See the fascinating essay by John Johnson, Rudimentary Society among Boys. J, H„ U, S., Ser, II, No, 11, 96 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON the seventeenth century. They gave a new life to many things which in their older home had well nigh died out. The necessary smallness of scale in the original settle ments was the root of the whole matter. It, so to speak, drove them back for several centuries ; it caused them to reproduce, in not a few points, not the England of their own day, but the England of a far earlier time. It led them to reproduce in many points the state of things in old Greece and in medieval Switzerland.*" If, however ,in its general structure of local govern ment, the line of descent is clearly marked as noted above, due weight must be given to yet another source of contemporary influence at the time the colonists came here, and to which not only are some of the most char acteristic American institutions due, such as our laws for the sale and registry of land, its inheritance,! religious liberty and our free school system, but to some extent also the spirit animating the working of all the institu tions of colonial and subsequent days. This was the in fluence of Holland, which at the time of the American settlement was the freest and most cultured country of the old world, J In an earlier chapter I have already touched upon the question, so far as space permitted, of the common land system which formed the basis of all New England Towns, tracing it back to the Teutonic mark and show ing its connection with some earlier Aryan system as in dicated by similar institutions in India, The Town ]\teet- ing has a like line of descent and is the inheritor of the old questions and old debates of the early "folkmoot" of our primitive ancestors. These meetings were attended by all the inhabitants of the Town and all could express their opinions upon * Freeman. Introd., p, 15. t Campbell, Puritans, Vol. I, p. 30, quotes Daniel Webster as say ing that the land of an intestate in Colonial New England was di vided equally among the children. This was not the case here, the law of primogeniture prevailing. See T. R., 'Vol. V, p. 287, case of Henry Ludlam, and. Ibid, p. 290, case of Edward Howell. In both instances the property passed to the eldest son by law, both of whom, then, shared voluntarily with the other children. X For an extreme but interesting presentation of this point see Campbell, Puritan in Holland, England and America, 2 vols. Captain Isaac Sayre House, Southampton HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 97 the questions at issue. From this it must not be inferred that all had an equal voice in the Town's affairs, a marked distinction existing between freemen and non- freemen here as elsewhere, the freemen forming a small select group within the body of inhabitants, there being in Southampton, for example, in the earliest dated list of "perfect freemen" which we have, that of 1649, ^^^^ sixteen names. § Throughout New England, only the freemen as a rule could vote for magistrates and depu ties, although all the inhabitants could vote for minor officers* and on most of the remaining Town business.! Citizens were recjuired to attend Town meetings un der penalty of fine, and likewise to vote on every ques tion either for or against.:!: It was not even optional whether one should permit one's self to be elected a freeman or not for in 1647 it was decreed that "if any man be chosen to bee freeman of this towne shall refuse it, shall pay 40 shillings for his fine,"|| The Town meeting was at once the Executive, the S These were Edward Howell, Gent; Richard Odell, Gent; Wil liam Browne, Job Sayre, Thos. Talmage, John Gosmer, Gent; Thos. Halsey, John Cooper, Edward Johnes, Richard Smith, John White, John Moore, John Howell, i'hos, Sayre, Josiah Stanborough and Richard Barrett. T, R„ Vol. I, p. 56, * "The liberties of the freemen , , , are chiefly these, 1. To chuse all magistrates, and to call them to account at their general courts, 2, To chuse such burgesses every general court as with the m_agistrates shall make or repeal all laws." Hazard, Hist, Coll,, Vol. I, pp. 379-80. t The qualifications of a freeman in Conn, (of which Southamp ton was then a part), Oct, 9, 1662 were that he must be "of a Civil peaceable & honest Conversacon according as our Royall Sov- eraignes will is his subjects should Demeane themselves: And the persons prsentinge themselves are of the age of 21 years and have £20 estate beside their persons in the Comon list, And that such person's soe Qualified to ye Courts approbacon shalbe prsented at ye Court in October yearly or at some adjourned Court and to be admitted at the GeneraU Session in May ensuinge." Oct, Session Genl, Assembly, Hartford, 1662, There was also the further distinction among residents as be tween Proprietors and Inhabitants, or Commoners and Non-Com- m.oners (in reference to proprietary interest in undivided land), t Every man "shall give his vote and Suffrage eyther against or for any such matter and not in any case to be a neuter," T, R., Vol. L r. 30. II T. R,, Vol. I, p, 49, 98 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Legislature and the Judiciary, It was not only the forum for all debate but the General Court which was empow ered among other things "to call and ordayne Magis trates and other officers", "to ordayne Ministers of Jus tice to attach, fetch and sett persons before the Magis trates and to execute the Censures of the Court upon the offenders," "to make and repeale Lawes", "to im pose a levy of Monnies for the publick service", and "to heare and determine all causes whether civili or crim inal wherein appeale shall be made unto them or which they shall see cause to assume in their cogniscence and Judicature."! As a matter of fact no list of powers would suffice to state what it could do, for it was in itself the supreme power. By force of circumstances there was nothing higher to appeal to, and although I could readily cover several pages enumerating things it did do, it would not, I think, be overstatement to say it could and did do everything which a sovereign power under the condi tions of time and place would find it necessary or con venient to do. It laid out land, made grants, directed highways, tried civil and criminal cases, enforced punish ments, levied fines and taxes, appointed delegates to Connecticut, administered estates and appointed guard ians, built a prison and a church, controlled the whaling enterprise and legislated as to the trespassing of "little pigges", regulated relations with the Indian tribes and arranged for sweeping out the meeting house, and so on through an infinitude of matters great and small. One of these duties was to decide upon the accept ance or rejection of new comers. Even in the case of transient strangers bonds were required from their hosts,* but a permanent resident or a land owner -was a much more serious matter, and we find as early as 1663 that it was ordered "that noe Inhabitant within the boundes of this towne shall sell his house and land or t T. R„ Vol. I, pp. 25 et seq. * "If any person shall entertain any stranger or transient person for more than twenty days, he shall give a bond to the Town Clerk to save the town from all damage, or pay 40s. for each twenty days default, except such person bring to the town with them £20 value." T. R,, Vol, II, p, 181, Isaac Foster Homestead, Southampton Edwin Halsey House, Southampton (l!|.f(iif it «'a.s moved bad; of Herrick's store) HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 99 any part thereof unto any person yt is a forrainer, at any time henceforward except the person bee such as the town do like of."! This power was constantly exercised (as well as the correlative one of banishment) and was not only common throughout New England ,11 but like all the elements of Town administration is an interesting survival, for under the mark system no stranger could settle within its limits, build himself a house or buy the share of another, without the consent of the mark moot or village court. § Besides the General Court, it was early ordered (1641) that there should be four Quarter Courts a year, in March, June, September and December,* and dignity and good order were expressly provided for. H A Grand Jury was also formed to bring indictments as well as a Petty Jury for trial cases, the number of jurymen vary ing from time to time. Almost every matter in the Town was decided by majority vote, and for long this held in the juries as elsewhere. J t T. R., Vol. I, p. 111. 1 Vide Maclear, N. E, Towns, pp. 133 et seq; also Eggleston Land System, pp. 48 et seq. "In the village communities of Russia, a man may not sell his house and land to one who is a stranger to the 'mir' without the consent of the inhabitants of the village, who have always the right of pre-emption. Similar rules prevailed in Germany, France and Ireland; and the rights of the inhabitants of a village to reclaim land in case of sale to a stranger is, according to Laveleye [La Propriete primitif] found everywhere," § Stubbs, Constit. Hist., Vol. I, p, 58, This right existed later in the court baron and customary court of the English Manor. Ibid, p. 96. ? T. R., Vol. I, p. 24. To expedite special cases, a Court could be convened by making a payment. This was known as a "Pur chased Court." II Thus "noe person . , , shall speake , , . unless he bee un covered . , , during the time of his speech, and not to move or speake to any other matter or business, until the former matter in hand be ended." T. R., Vol. I, p. 37, t I do not know what method of voting was used. Paper ballots were first used in America in 1629 (unknown in England until 1872, although used in Holland at time Pilgrims were there. Campbell, Vol. II, pp, 430 et seq). It was provided for in the "Fundamental Orders" of Conn., 1639, and so was probably, used here. The only description of the taking of an early vote here which I have found, however, was that of the choice of Mr. Taylor for minister in 1681 when it was "manifested personally by the towne In general, In congregating themselves or gathering together to one side of the meeting house." T. R,, Vol, II, p, 268. In East Hampton it was 100 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Magistrates were appointed by the General Court from the very beginning, and were always men of the highest standing in the community, || frequently serving for long terms. It was soon found here, as universally throughout New England, however, that at least some of the powers of the Town Meeting must be delegated to a smaller group, for the prompt and efficient despatch of business, and for the sake of having some authority able to act between the meetings, and so "the five men that are chosen to order towne affayres" early appear.§ They were elected annually and their number occasioiially changed, as in 1649 "when it was ordered that "three men, viz. : Mr. Richard Smithe, Thomas Sayre & John White [are] to agitate towne business and they are to have the same authority that the five men had the last yeare, from the 6th of this instant October dureing the space of a whole yeare."* by raising hands. "Nov, 2, 1652. It is ordered yt every man shal vote by holdinge up his hands eyther with or against in all matters upon penalty of payinge 6d the thinge being before Deliberately Debated," E, H,, T, R„ Vol. I, p, 28. II As to their duties it was ordered, Jan. 2, 1641, that "The Magis trates shall governe according to the Lawes now established, and to be established by General! Courts hereafter, they and eyther of them shall be able to send out warrants to any officer to fetch any delinquent before them, and examine the cause, and to take order by suretyes or safe Custody for his or theire appearance at the Court. And further to prevent the offenders lyeing in prison yt shall be lawful for the Magistrates or eyther of them to see exe cution don upon any offender for any crime that is not Capitall ac cordinge to the Laws established or to be established in this place." T, R., Vol, I, p, 25, The General Court was called by order of a Magistrate, Ibid, The list of early Magistrates as compiled by Howell, p. 56, is as follows: 1640-46, Edward Howell and part of the time Daniel How and John Gosmer; 1647-9 inclusive, Ed ward Howell and John Gosmer; 1650 and 1651. Edward Howell, Thos. Topping and John Ogden; 1652 and 1653, Edward Howell, Thos. Topping and John Gosmer; 1654, John Gosmer, Thos, Topping, Thurston Raynor; 1655, John Gosmer, Thos, Topping, John Ogden; 1656, Thos, Topping, John Ogden; 1657 and 1658, John Ogden, John Gosmer, Thurston Raynor; 1659, Thos, Topping, Rich'd Barrett, John Ogden; 1660, Thos, Topping, John Ogden; 1661, Thos. Topping, Thurston Raynor, John Ogden, Rich'd Barrett; 1662, Thos. Topping, John Ogden- 1663, Thurston Raynor, John Howell, Rich'd Barrett; 1664, Thos. 'Topping, John Howell, Thurston Raynor. § T. R., VoL I, pp, 42, 43, 45, 46 (4 men); 50, 57 (3 men); 66 (5 men); 72, 76, 86, 90, 94, 97 (3 men), etc. For a long account of their origin see Howard, pp, '74-88. ? T, R„ Vol, I, p, 57. The John Wick (Briggs) House, Bridgehampton Sandford Homestead, Briilu'elianiiilnn HISTORY OF THE 'TOHN OP SOUTHAMP'TON 101 As need arose, other officers were early appointed, such as marshall,! Secretary or Clerk of the Band, J Town Clerk, II Captain of the Train Band, Constables^ Layers out of Land, Cow Keepers, Overseers of the Poor, Recorders of Cattle, Notary Public.a Recorder of Lands.b etc. One of the most interesting offices, from its extreme antiquity as well as colonial importance, was that of Fence Viewer or Haywarden.c of which Prof. .'\dams writes, "Old Homer's ancient men, watching from the walls of Troy the conflict of human cattle, were hardly more ancient than this time honored agrarian of fice. The swineherd of Odysseus was a near kinsman of the Saxon hayward. The office had nothing whatever to do with haying, or with grass lots, as the name might at first seem to imply. It is derived from the Saxon Hege (German Hag, English hedge) and means the warden of the hedges or fences. Many German places derive their names from the hedge with which they were originally surrounded In fact the word town means only a place that is hedged in."* It is thus of some interest to t "Yt is ordered that for the warneing of Juryes that the Mar shall upon a warrant from a Magistrate shall doe yt," &c., 1641. T. R., Vol. I, p. 23. "Yt is ordered that the Marshall shall have two shillings six pence for the serving of every execution that shall bee to the value of twenty shillings and under." T. R., Vol. I, p. 23, "Executions shall bee by the Magistrate or Magistrates directed unto the Marshall shall be leaned by the Marshall," &c,, 1643, T, R., Vol. I. p, 29 J T, R.. Vol. I. p. 23. II "Ye Secretary shall have four shillings per ann. for keeping the towne book, but nothing for the keeping of General Courts," 1647. T. R.. Vol. I, p. 27. § Richard Smith was chosen 1650, The next year Jonas Wood was chosen but refused to serve and was fined £5 (fine remitted), Richard Post was chosen in his place. 1652. Jonas Wood; 1654, Ellis Cooke. a 1668, "Henry Pierson was chosen to keepe the records of ye cattle" and "was sworn to the office of publique notary ye 1st of June, '68 the oath being administered to him by Capt, Topping." T. R.. Vol, II. p. 50 b "Richard Mills recorder of the lands of this to-wm shall have two pence for every paper drawne," &c, T. R,, Vol, I, p. 73. c T. R., Vol. I, p. 128; Vol. II. p. 234, &c. ? "from the old German Zun or Tun, modern German Zaun, mean ing a hedge. The office of hayward was originally constabulary in character. He was appointed in feudal times in the Court Leet , . , or popular court of the Norman Manor and English parish. 102 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON point out that in the early days, and indeed down to R,ev- olutionary times and somewhat later, tlie countr.y side was well bordered with hedges of privet or "prim",, theii" great destruction at the end of the i8th century having been for the rather odd reason of public health, their odor being considered dangerous.! Perhaps this ex plains an entry in the East Hampton tax budget for 1713, wherein an allowance of 4s. 6d, was mad_e to Frances Shaw "for cutting up stinking weeds:"j Another survival from very ancient times, and one of the functions of Town government, was that known as viewing, or perambulating, the bounds. In the days of the mark, solemn processions, which later accfuired a re ligious character, were held twice yearly, to restore such boundary marks as might have become destroyed, and also to fix the bounds in the merhory. This custom was continued in England, Christian ceremonies replacing the heathen sacrifices after the conversion, of the people but the object remaining the same. The whole popula tion turned out, especially as many boys as possible as their memories could be counted upon to last longer. In deed the German custom was to spatik tfiemsoiiridly at the boundary marks to i,mpress the location on their minds. In the procession the ;b6unds were followed ex actly, over fences, houses or any other obstructions, the populace scrambling over walls, up and down ladders, across roofs, in a sort of glorified game of "follow my leader."* Although maintained in this country, it earlv became the work of a few to whom the task was dele- thus coming down into the parish life of New England," Adams, Village Communities, p. 47, _¦ ^ ' t There are frequent references to hedges, thorn and other, in the early records. Gardiner, Chronicles, p, 110, says that about the end of the Revolution the privet hedges were all cut as people thought their blooms contributed to the consumptive and interrhit- tent fevers then prevalent. In East Hampton 642 persons died in the 24 years ending 1775 and only 405 in the next 30 years. Beecher, Sermon, p, 17, states, "the cause of this surprising change is ascribed by many to the death of the prim, which constituted a principal part of the fencing of the to-wn; all of which died suddenly and unaccountably, about the time that the favorable change took place," t E, H, T, R„ Vol, III, p, 312, , ' ? Vide Howard, Local Constit, Hist,, pp, 214-225. The Old Hildreth House, Bridgehampton. (No'W Torn Down) Jackson Homestead, Southampton HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 103 gated. For example, we read under date of June 7, 1721, that "Justice Cooper shall take two young men with him and visit ye Bound Tree about five miles beyond Parker's and set their names upon said tree in order to keep said Bounds in memory."! Of these Bound Trees in the older country. Smith writes that "in many places throughout England there are ancient trees, or the places where they once stood, known, each, by the name of 'gospel oak' They were called thus, be cause when the parish bounds were gone round, the people halted at each mark and a religious sanctity was given to it by the denunciation there of curses upon him who should remove the landmark. It is not unworthy of note that while superstitious ceremonies were so strongly censured at the time of the Reformation, the important and vital ceremony of perambulation was ex pressly excepted."* It is not within the scope of this book to give a de tailed description of all the machinery of town govern ment. Such an essay might well grow into a volume of its own, but enough has been told to give a general idea of its form and also to show that here were no startling innovations, no netv ideas put forth by the genius of frontier statesmen, that the minds of the settlers in crossing .the ocean did not "suffer a sea change into something rich and strange" but that they merely con tinued here institutions whfch in many cases for untold ages had been the common heritage of the race, modi fied by the new circumstances of wilderness and savage foe and of living under a superior authority so distant as to be almost negligible. Closely allied with the question of Town govern ment was that of the Church, though Church member ship was never here made one of the necessary qualifi- t T. R., Vol. V, p. 174. There are earlier references, * Smith, The Parish, quoted in Howard, p. 217, The "Duke's Laws" (1665) expressly provided for triennial perambulations, and in succeeding years the question of enforcement frequently came up in the Court of Assizes. "Thus, 1666, "the Law for Towne perambulacons to be duly attended"; 1669, "Bounds of Every Parish to be perambulated according to Law"; 1672, "Perambulacon of Towne bounds reinforced according to Law." N, Y. State Hist. Rept., Col. Ser., Vol. I. p. 341. 104 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON cations of a freeman, as it was in Massachusetts, Payt ment of rates for the support of the minister was obli gatory upon all, however, just like the taxes for any other purpose, and the contracts with the ministers were entered into by the Town and not by the Church as a separate body,* It is probable that the early churches here were, strictly speaking, neither Congre gational nor Presbyterian, but as Dr. Whitaker called them "Town Churches", or "Civil Government Churches."! They were state churches in so far as the entire community was taxed for their support, but the degree of religious conformity required, which varied in different parts of New England, was apparently not very great in Southampton, That there was a very considerable amount of liberty of thought is shown by the fact that throughout the entire Records there is not a single entry to indicate coercion of individuals, penal ties for those holding different views, or legislation di rected against any sect whatever, % while we have seen in ? Por examples of such contracts see Appendices VIII and XII. t The oldest two churches in the Town are the present Presby terian Churches in Southampton village and Bridgehampton, al ready mentioned. The Reg, and Manual of the former (prepared by the Session) states that it was originally "Independent" in form; that like some of the early Congregational churches it may have had 5 orders or officers but there is no evidence. The name Presbyterian was first used in 1T12. After 1760 the title Deacon appears on tombstones. Elder not found until first election about 1792. Sept., 1716, the church presented to the Presbytery of Phila. their call for service of Samuel Gelston and "promise to subject themselves to the Presbytery in the Lord." It is certain since 1716 it has continued Presbyterian. First meeting of the Presbytery of Long Id. was probably held at Southampton, Apl. 17, 1717. In Bridgeh., Parsonage Land was voted 1712 to "a Presbiterian Minister and noe other." Minister Brown was ordained by the Presbytery but Mr, Woolworth by a Council, On their tombstones the first two are called "Pastors of the Church of Christ" (1756 ahd 1788), the chird, "Pastor of this Congregation" (1821), and the fourth "4th pastor of the Presbyterian Church" (1823). At first the only officers were Deacons. For lists of Elders and Deacons of the two churches see Reg, & Manual and Hedges Bi-Centennial Address,' X Apparently the highest to'wn officers might be under Church censure and still exercise their office, e, g,, "March 16, 1643, John Moore was censured for saying Daniel How [then a Magistrate] did usurpe the execution of the place of Magistracy hee then lyein under Church censure, not being then deposed or degraded from the HISTORY OF THE TOH'N OF SOUTHAMPTON 105 a previous chapter that it was the community's sense of ¦civil and religious liberty which led to the withdrawal of its first pastor. The few banishments which occurred in the East End Towns seem to have been based upon the question of the offenders' morals and lack of qualities of a good citizen rather than upon any religious differences, but even had it been otherwise here, as it was in some New England communities, we should not sneer, as historians have sometimes done, at those who came to secure re ligious freedom and in turn denied it to some extent in others. Those engaged in the work of laying the found ations of a new civil and religious polity should not be blamed for refusing to passively watch others sap those very foundations which they were attempting to build up at the expense of so much they had held dear. Nor was their attitude either hypocritical or disingenuous. We must not forget that in all ages as one of the wisest of English statesmen and authors has said "men, whether as bodies or individuals pick out as much from principle and its plainer corollaries, as convenience and their purpose needs. The possible limitations of logical inference are widened or narrowed or thrust aside point blank, just as actual necessity dictates."* These words have also another application in ref erence to the early settlers who have so often been pic tured as gloomy, as austere and as stern in their lives as fanatical in their religion. He can little understand the period or human nature who holds this view. Their work was stern and their theology as well, but their lives, like ours, were filled with the satisfaction of honest work and with the sweetness of love for their wives, ten derness for their children, and the joys of friendship. They might listen, as in a later generation, to sermons of thunderous eloquence on the "Eternity of Hell Tor ments," but they still felt the freshness of the world in spring and the winter's toil sent the blood gaily through same. And to confesse his fayling yf hee shall bee at the next quar ter Court." T. R., Vol. I, p, 27. Moore evidently tried to place the church above the state and failed. ? Viscount Morley, Politics and History, p, 58, 106 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON their veins. Beneath man's opinions and beliefs there lies ever, less touched than an exclusive interest in the former would lead tis to believe, the eternal springs of his nature. The Sabbath, however, as was customary, was strictly observed, although penalties for its breach were rarely laid,l| and it began, as elsewhere in New England, at sundown on Saturday,! The congregation was called to church by beat of drum, as we learn from many en tries, such as that regarding Thomas Sayre in 1648, he being "alowed for his basse drumme the some of 13s. and his yeare begyneth the sayd daye,"* This later gave place to a bell, which was again replaced by a bet ter one imported from England in 1694, both of which served also the purpose of a curfew, being rung every evening at nine o'clock until after the Revolution, Be fore a separate church was provided for in Bridgehamp ton, the inhabitants of that section used to walk or ride horsebackj to the Southampton services, along the beach, except when the seapoose was running when they travelled along Mecox Road and over the Wading Place, As I raise my eyes from writing and look across to that road, it seems as though I might almost see the shadowy forms of the Stanboroughs, the Toppings and others in their quaint old clothes, the men habited in that "sufficient coslet [corselet] of clapboard or other wood" which they were required by law to wear, their II Mar, 18, 1697-8. John Parker was fined 6 shillings for Sab bath breaking, T, R.. Vol. V. p, 157. June 9, 1663, "Mr. John Laughton complained to the Cort that there was a Saboth breach and felony committed in Mr, John Ogden's house" [Note added]. "July 1, 63, Mr. Laughton acknowledged his miscarriage before our magistrate, as alsoe that hee knew nor could prove any such facts committed." T. R,, Vol. II, p. 30. t Of this custom, Mather, speaking of John Cotton, says, "The Sabbath he began the evening before; for which keeping of the Sab bath, from evening to evening, he wrote arguments before his com ing to New England; and I suppose, twas from his reason and practice that the Christians of New England have generally done so too," Magnalia, Vol, I, p, 278, ? T, R„ Vol. I. p, 52. X The riding is affirmed by a local authority, but the following brief entry would seem to cast some doubt upon it, "flne. Paid by Thomas Byfleld for riding on the Sabbath 5s 6d," T, R., Vol. V, p. 164. Old Mill on Mill Hill, Southampton HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 107 flint lock muskets over their shoulders, their women and children riding pillion or trudging beside them, and keeping wary eyes towards the woods on the north in that lonely stretch from Arthur Howell's to Ellis Cook's. Numerous entries prove the constant fear of surprise, such as that "all men i6 to 60 yeares except Magis trates, ministers and Constable and ciarke shall bare armes with guns powder and shot compleat on the Lord's daies upon paine of sixpence fore noon and six pence after noon, and whoso leaveth his armes in the meeting house shall pa.y sixe pence,"* . i The Meeting House was long the center and gath ering point of the village life, and public notices- were always posted there or nailed on its door to the beating of a drum,! until 1710 when it was "ordered that Oba diah Rogers shall make and set up a post upon ye Green against ye meeting house to set papers upon, "J One of the most thorny and difficult questions in connection with Christian life in New England, appar ently, was always that of seating the congregation in due order of social and spiritual precedence, and as it always bulked so large in life a little space may be given to it here. Its importance may be gauged from the first entry which I have found in regard to it, and which is as follows : "It is ordered that Mr, Justice Topping, the constable & overseers attended by Henry Pierson shall appoynt all the Inhabitants of this towne their proper and distinct places in the meeting house on the Lords day to prevent disorder," 1| What disposition they made of the matter does not appear, but undoubtedly the fun damental one of dividing the men and the women as ? T. R., Vol, I, p. 46, Also Ibid,'p. 38, "the one side of the town shall beare Armes on the Lord's daye. And the other side of the town 'shall beate Armes the next Lord's daye," This was in an in terval of unusual security, t "setting up their order or orders on the meeting house post at VO beat of ye drum, the same shall bee, and bee accompted suf- .ficient and lawfull publishment thereof." T, R., Vol. II, p, 234. Vide also T. R„ Vol. V, p. 169. % T. R., Vol. V, page 168. II T. R , Vol. II, p, 74, Nov. 5, 1679. 108 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON distinctly appears in an almost contemporary decision on the same subject in East Hampton,! This was also so in later times. Judge Hedges giving the following account of seating in the second church edifice in Bridgehampton, which probably followed earlier precedents, "There were no aisles in the gal leries. The seats there,were partitioned in front across the middle as the dividing line between the sexes. They were six in number, extending without a break along the sides and front of the House, Over the gallery stairs were pews, square and with seats all around ex cept at the doors. Both above and below the seats were open and free. The assessors who fixed the rates to be paid the minister at the yearly meetings directed the place where heads of families should sit. The old and honored in front, and the younger in the rear. Thus, the young passed from the seats for children in the aisles below to those back in the galleries, thus to the front seats there, then in advancing years to the seats in the rear below; and if living to old age, moved perhaps to the very front. Thus, it often happened that by suc cessive changes from childhood to age, persons had passed through the entire routine of seats from the smallest to the most honorable. When no rule of seat ing prevailed, the elder often occupied the middle of the meeting house, the younger deferring to them, took rear seats, and thus the rear became crowded and the front unoccupied. The order of seating while remedying this evil created another. Some, thinking themselves as old, as honorable, rich and deserving as others who w^ere pre ferred in seats, left the meeting house entirely. So that in 1816 all the seats on the lower floor were removed. pews put in their place which were yearly hired at auc tion, wherewith the minister was paid. Even this change so offended a few that they forsook attendance on the church."* If the small size and isolation of these early com- t "the pews in the meeting house shall be seated with men at the West end, and with women at the East end of said house," The Committee who settled the question in that Town received 20 shill ings each for their trouble, E, H„ T. R., Vol, III, p, 387, ? Hedges, Bi-Centennial Address, p, 7, ^i/y/^',J,-:^U.^-/-'^'y^'.<(/.c>A /A''-' X-\\-/^ "^ : J \%ee'r2/, ' <>'v.^ '% f'/r\ J.y i C'^ /'../< /zf A ^ /yt /" > / yr>- /• -.-¦ I- ^> y . .y L^i^ ?^/''^'^<-'' f/z/'f^"'^-'^' ¦''^r-'/' <¦? '^ '^ ^ -^ ^ ^^'^ ^ r ^ iv<«.- ;-f--t. Cattle Marks in Town Records HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 109 munities accounts for much in their revival of earlier forms of local government, it also made for much that we today would consider petty in their mental life, but which in reality was not so. For the most part, as far as topics of thought and conversation went, the settlers were living in a world of their own in which everything in the daily life of the colony naturally assumed enor mous importance from there being no standard other than that of local interest. Thus, the position of the leaders of the settlement in relation to its social life was as great as that of the leaders of public life in Eng land in relation to their environment and to this may readily be traced the fondness for titles of courtesy or of office which we find so plentifully carved upon the old tombstones. These men were the leaders of their little world and well entitled to their hardly earned and usually deserved distinctions, distinctions it must be re membered far more surely indicative of individual worth than those gained in a more complex civilization. This over-emphasis on local affairs and the magni fying of small matters w^hich loomed so large in their limited range of interest, with, perhaps unconsciously the added strain to nerves of living, actually and metaph orically, under arms, accounts also I .think for the in numerable petty law suits for trespass, slander, etc, so characteristic of this early period. As to the important matters of marriage and burial, the Town accounts tell us much of the latter but noth ing of the former, the obvious reason being that while paupers might be buried, they were never married, at the expense of the community ! We do know, however, that the performance of the marriage ceremony was a function, not of the clergy but of the civil magistrates and, at least in East Hampton, even of the Selectmen.* Of the cost of burials we get frequent glimpses, as "paid to John Maltbie for 60 nails and making John Davis, coffin and the trouble of burial, 6s. 9d."! and "To a wind ing sheet for John Davis 7s. 6d." as well as "To drink " "It is ordered that anie of the three men shall have power to marrie during the yeare," Nov. 17, 1651. E, H, T. R., Vol. I, p.20, t T. R„ Vol, V, p, 164 (1701). 110 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON at his laying out and burial 3s, ij^d.," while, a few years later, the Town again becomes indebted "for Rum at Hankstons burial 2 shillings." || Rum makes its frequent appearance and fines for "be ing droncke", it must be confessed, were collected with some frequency, it remaining here as elsewhere for a new social outlook to materially reduce this vice. Liquor was always sold, and its sale regulated both as to quan tity and price, at the inns, or "ordinaries," as they were called, of the day, the first of which, as we have already seen, was kept by Richard Mills, former Town Clerk and schoolmaster, in return for the gift to him of the old church building in 1651. From time to time various ones were "prevailed upon" to act the host, (it was evidently not a much desired office)* in one case it being specified that "victuals and lodgings is only for strangers except it bee for towne dwellers upon court days and training days."! We must remember that at that time there was little other stimulant for either body or mind, there being as yet no coffee or tea and but very little sugar, although tobacco was raised from the earliest dayst and pipe smoking was common. There were no newspapers or libraries and but few families had any books. Occasion ally found valued in the inventories of the time as "books" or "a few old books", their titles are rarely given but when we do find them they invariably indi cate a decidedly solid religious content. Thus, Caleb Horton of Southold in 1699 bequeathed to his son "one Bible & a commentary on ye ten commandments & a book entitled ye Excellency of holy carriage in evil II T. R., Vol. V, p, 169. ? "It is ordered that whereas Tho, Goldsmith is prevailed by the tovra to keep an ordinary in this towne, there is no person shall retaile any liquors or wines or strong drink within the bounds of this plantation but hee the said Thomas Goldsmith upon penalty of ten shillings per quart," T. R,, Vol. I, p. 96. The custom of drink ing rum at a house raising was also old. E. H,, T. R., Vol. III. p. 415, 1725, Also Ibid, Vol, V, p. 573 in which is the record of the death of an 8-year-old child from drinking liquor at the raising of the windmill. t T. R., Vol. I, p. 120. t Southold, T. R,, Vol. II, pp. 239 and 415. -vi - '^-'^¦'i^ t V " J * , **v' "The Hollyhocks," Southampton •><•.•.: ill i' »¦ I «*^« -f lllji' I jjljlli M'llh'l Old Southampton Academy HISTORY OF THE TOH'N OP SOUTHAMPTON 111 times by Mrs, Burroughs also a sermon book by Mr. Jeremy Turner," || and Lyon Gardiner in a letter to John Winthrop, Jr., in 1650 in reference to securing a clergyman for his island wrote that "being he is but a yong man, hapily he hath not manie books, therefore let him know what I have. Firste, the 3 Books of Martters, Erasmus, moste of Perkins, Wilsons Dixtionare, a large Concordiance, Mayor on the New Tstement; some of theas with othar that I have, may be ucefuU to him,"! Business dealings between the three Towns on the part of a few, whose names constantly appear, seem to have been fairly frequent, but of social intercourse there was evidently little during all this first period, John L. Gardiner writing in 1798$ that "tradition informs us that before East Hampton people built their first grist mill (which went with cattle), they went to Southamp ton to mill and carried their grain on the back of a bull that belonged to the town (for the use of their cows)* One might suppose that East Hampton might have been settled from Southampton but the method of pronunciation is quite different although the towns join. An East Hampton man may be known from a South ampton man as well as a native of Kent in England may be distinguished from a Yorkshire man Very little intercourse took place between the two towns before the Revolutionary War; since that visits and intermarriages are more frequent," Intercourse was probably hindered by the bad roads, along which even two centuries later, progress could be made only with painful slowness, although, even early, attempts were occasionally made to remedy them, as in 1677 when Gov, Andros ordered that "ye new way de signed and ordered in Governour Nicolls time through the middle of the Island, from Huntington eastward to II Early Long Id., Wills of Suffolk County, Pelletreau. t Winthrop Papers, Mass. Hist, Soe. Coll., Ser. IV, Vol, VII, p, 59. t Observations on the Town of East Hampton, N. Y. Hist, Soe, Coll.. 1869, p. 232. ? The "town bull" long remained here and elsewhere as an in stitution, appearing in the E, H, T, R,, as late as 1834, Vol, IV, p. 493, 112 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Southampton and Southold bee not only remarked but sufficiently cleared of brush. "J The earliest permanent dwellings were all of one type which remained unchanged in style for a hundred years. This was the type of the Thomas Sayre house in Southampton village, built in 1648 and torn down in 1912, at which time it was said to be the oldest frame building in the state of New York,* Tradition also af firms that it was the first frame building in the Town, built when all the other houses were still log huts. Ori ginally single, it was made into a double house at the end of its first century, and as shown in the illustration, w-as of the type still familiar to us in the Sandford and other houses of the period. H This type was of two stories in front and frequently less than one behind, with an entry and parlor in front and a kitchen taking up half the rear, and a bedroom and pantry the other half, the ceilings as a rule being seven feet high. In a double house this plan was practically doubled, the kitchen re maining as a single room twice the original size. The front room, or parlor, in which the wainscoating was usually painted blue, was lit by two small windows with 6x8 glass, the size being limited by the expense. Outside the building was unpainted, usually shingled with 3-foot cedar shingles, an inch thick at the butt, and also roofed with shingles although thatch was used at first.! Iti at least one old house, known as the Engle t Col. Docts., VoL XIV, p. 729. ? Other old houses of Southampton village were the "Hollyhocks" (the old Isaac Halsey house) toward the south end of Main St., now the oldest house standing, the Edwin Halsey house (moved back of Herrick's store), the Maj, Samuel Bishop house in North End, Chas. S. Halsey's, off Bowden Square; Wm. S, Pelletreau's, Ed. P. Huhtting's, Jas. E. Foster's (now moved), old Foster Homestead, South End, H. P, Fordham's, Jas. Marshall's (Irving Annex), Stan borough house, Elias Howell's, Mrs, H, F. Herrick's and David White's. Quite a number of the older houses have been so remodelled as to be almost unrecognizable inside and out. II It stood next to the Municipal Building and in its existence of 264 years was never sold, but always descended in the family, ! The 18-inch shingle seems to have came in about the end of the 18th century. See advertisement in Frothingham's Long Island Herald, 1797, in which both 3-foot and 18-inch shingles are offered. Old Sayre House. Southampton HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 113 house in Sagg, it was found that the shingles were set in pitch. J There were always two nails to a shingle and these, like the bolts and locks, were hand wrought. The chimneys and fireplaces || were enormous masses of brickwork, and took up much of the space in these small houses, making of the hall a mere entry, while "'the front stairs zig-zagged and turned, and wound and squirmed toward the upper rooms," The very earliest chimnies of all, which, of course, have not survived, were made with wooden frames, lathed and heavily plastered inside and out, they being said to be "catted" when lathed, and "daubed" when plastered. It is needless to say that with such chimnies and many thatched roofs, fire was an ever present, danger and we find many regu lations in regard to them, such as IMarch 19, 1665, when it was "ordered that two men shall go tomorrow morn ing and view the Chimnies in ye town, and they shall give warning to ye owners of such chimnies as are in their Judgment to bee pulled down and made new, that they pull down such their Chimnies within six days, and make them probably safe from chance of firing," etc.* How soon bricks came into general use for chimneys, T do not know. The first brickmaker was John Berwick, w^ho lived in Mecox, and frequent transactions with him are on record, of which the earliest I have noted is of Aug, 27, 1677, in which 1-3 of Lot No. 12 at Mecox is given for "a parcel of brick."! The old bricks were more irregular in form than our modern ones,, as well as X Now the summer residence of Wm. C, Engle, Esq, When it was being altered in 1909, a bundle of papers was found under the floor of the attic, consisting of deeds, bills, a letter, &c. They related to the Pierson family and had apparently been stowed away by Stephen Pierson who died in 1788, The house is said to have been partly remodelled in 1790. In 1679 Lt, Col. Pierson (died 1701) came into possession of the "Job Pierson land" and it was once thought he lived there. It now seems possible he may have built the Engle house. II The fireplaces were requently of stone also, as in the old Hedges house, Sagg Main St. (now torn down), ? T. R„ Vol. V, p. 25, Again, Ibid, p. 26, "9 ber, 6, 66, It is ordered that every inhabitant belonging to this towne shall have and set up to his Chimney a substantial ladder, which shall reach at least to the top of ye house," etc. t T. R,. Vol, II, p. 68, 114 HISTORY UF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON somewhat larger, and sometimes were highly glaze ^ They were made both at geponack and Long Springs.^- The timbers were very large, hand hewn and usually of oak, while in one case at least, the building was also sheathed in oak planks two inches thick,§ The earliest house made of sawn timber is reputed to have been that of the late Capt, Isaac Sayre, on the northeast corner of Main Street and Hampton Road, Southampton, and said to have been built a little over a century ago. The houses were usually placed with the two-story front facing due south, regardless of what relation this would bring them into with the road, while the roads themselves, such as ran in a northerly direction, were curiously laid out not quite north, but to a great extent on an "eleven o'clock line," "Moving house" about here seems to have been to an ex traordinary degree a literal and not a metaphorical ex pression, and many an old homestead which looks as though it had spent centuries in its present location, may have come from miles away.! The frames of the older houses were put together with wooden pins, not nails, and when being moved they were partially taken apart and not moved as a whole as a modern building is. Small as the early houses were, they were frequently sold or bequeathed room by room, as noted in the sale of Abiel Cook to Ellis Cook in 1730 of "the westermost dwelling room in my new house, with the chamber over the same, and the leanto,"* Within, the houses contained almost nothing but the barest necessities, few had any pictures, few had lamps, and it was not everyone even who had candlesticks. The remarkably minute wills and inventories tell us of tables, desks, chests, a few chairs, beds and bedding, andirons, shovels and tongs, a few pots and pans, some wood and X T. R., Vol, V, p, 267, § Mrs. Herrick's house. Main St, and North Sea Road, Southamp ton. t I once met three on the move all in the course of one drive. Perhaps the record was in Sag Harbor in Feb,, 1890, when I find in the current newspapers references to 7 houses being moved within a month. ? T, R„ Vol, VL p. 177. HET- a OP^ w oc oCC co ?1 HcPI ¦J HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 115 pewter ware, perhaps a little earthenware, occasionally a few s'hillings worth of books or a silver tankard. There were of course no stoves or coal, and all cooking was done by open wood fires, which were also the only mean's of heating the houses. All fires were kindled by a spark struck from flint and steel on a bit of tow, and a tinder box was in every home. When to these living conditions we add the scanti ness of the medical knowledge of those times and the scarcity of doctors, we are not surprised that only the hardiest could survive and that 91 deaths out of 200 in East Hampton between 1696 and 1714 were those of children.! Just how early the Town possessed a resi dent physician is unknown. The first of whom we can be sure was a Dr. Nathaniel Wade, who appears in the list of inhabitants of 1698 as living in Bridgehampton, and whose treatment does not seem to have been uni formly successful, the Town, in 1701, having had him treat a woman prisoner "and Dr. Wade administered something and let her blood, and we found that she was never the better, so we bade him forbear to meddle with her any more."* A "Doctor Crag" is mentioned in 1684 and may then have been a resident of the Town.^H One feature of those early days was that everybody worked, and Mr. Pelletreau makes the statement that until the Revolution there was not a man or woman in Southampton who did not earn their daily bread by daily labor. Rich as well as poor toiled with their hands, either in the fields or at their trades. There were no "learned professions" and even the minister farmed it, although provided with what was then a comfortable in come. Work thus soon became an ingrained habit and t E. H., T. R,, Vol. V, p, 560. This volume contains the best vital statistics for this period. ? T. R., Vol, V, pp. 161, 163. II "It was alsoe agreed 'with Dr, Crag by the towne concerning the lad James Hintchel under care, that ye said Doctor Crag doth engage to ye towne to send him to ye place where his father dwells at Island St. Christopher or Neviss and to produce the master's re ceipt that shall carry him thither and deliver him at ye said Island, In consideration of cure and transportation the towne give him 15 pounds." T, R,, Vol, II, p, 99, 116 HISTORY Oh THE TOWN OI SOUTHAMPTON a matter of pride, which may have had something to do with delaying the building of schools, though a regular school was apparently started by 1655, and there had, as we know, been teaching before that. Although for those days a remarkably large percentage of the* men could write, this was not true of the women, and it is probable that the schooling of the girls was very slight, iiere as elsewhere.* Agriculture was, of course, the main industry, sup plemented by occasional whaling and fishing, and I quote at length Judge Hedges picture of the early farm er,! "Grass was cut with the scythe, raked by a hand rake, pitched by the old heavy iron fork; grain was reaped with the sickle, threshed with the flail and win nowed with a riddle ; land was ploughed with a heavy wooden framed plough, pointed with wrought iron, whose mole board was protected by odd bits of old cart wheel tire; harrows were mostly made with wooden teeth ; corn hills were dug with the hoe ; the manure for the hill was dropped in heaps, carried by hand in a basket and separately put in each hill. The farmer raised flax and generally a few sheep. Threshing lasted well into the winter, and then out came the crackle and swingle, knife and board. The flax was dressed, wool carded, and the wheel sung to the linen, and woolen spun in every house. The loom's dreary pound gave evidence that home manufacture clad the household. From his feet to his head the farmer stood in vestment produced on his own farm. The leather of his shoes came from the hides of his own cattle ; the linen and woolen that he wore were products that he raised. The farmer's wife or daughters braided and sewed the straw hat on his head. His fur cap was made from the skin of ? fox that he shot. The feathers of wild fow'l whereon he rested his weary frame by night were the results ac quired in his shooting. The pillow-cases, sheets and blankets, the comfortable, quilts and counterpanes, the ? In Vol. II, of the Town Records I have noted six of the wealth iest and most prominent women in the community who sign by a mark, while their husbands in each case write their names. t Address Bi-Centennial of Suffolk County, pp. 42 et seq. HISTORY OF THE TOHN OF SOUTHAMPTON 117 towels and table cloth were home made. His harness and lines he cut from hides grown on his farm. Every thing about his ox-yoke, except staple and ring, he made. His whip, his ox-goad, his flail, axe, hoe, and fork handle were his own work," These conditions remained practically unchanged until after the Revolution and explain the minuteriess of bequest and record in early wills and inventories,* from which we gain so clear an idea of the domestic economy of the times. Cattle were an important part of the prop erty of the early settlers, and as they were herded to gether on the commons identification was necessary and this was secured by the "ear marks," the recording of which appears with such frequency in the records of all the eastern Towns, even until comparatively late years,! The commonest markings were the hollow crop, the square crop, the slope, the ha'penny, the L, slit, nick, and hole or combinations of them, the ear being folded over and snipped like a piece of paper. The marks could be bought and sold and descended by inheritance. While the life was hard and laboriovis, it was a life led mainly by freemen, tilling their own soil and gov erned by themselves. Not wholly so, however, for there were three small classes in the community the fruits of whose labors were not their own to enjoy. These were the indentured servants and the negro and Indian slaves. The first served for a limited period only, though it * Vide Appendix XIII, It must be remembered in reading them that £, s, d, was merely money of account, people reckoning in it but actual payment being made in coins of Portugal, Spain, Eng land and France. Moreover, nowhere in the Colonies did even this money of account correspond exactly to the same denominations in English money, the depreciation varying in different colonies. Call ing the £ sterling 100, the Georgia £ was 90, New England 75, Pa. 60, New York 56%, Putting it another way, the Spanish dollar ("piece of 8") equalled 4s. 6d, sterling, or 5s. in Ga,, 6 s, in New England and Va,, 7s. 6d, New Jeresy, Pa , Del, & Md,, 8s. New York & Nor. Car. Queene Anne issued a proclamation forbidding the piece of 8 to pass anywhere in the Colonies for more than 6s. This is what was called in the records "proclamation money." Vide Andrews, McMaster on our Early Money, Mag. West. Hist,, June, 1886, pp, 141 et seq, t In E. H. T. R., Vol V. p 319, an ear mark is entered May 2, 1885. 118 HISTORY OF THE TOHN OF SOUTHAMPTON might be a long one,! were taught some useful trade, and were usually given some clothes, money or tools at the expiration of their term of service, and in such com munities as these in the early days; could then start in to carve their own way with fair chances of success,* These indentured servants were not always white and I have found many references in the Records on this end of the Island to Indians bound out for a term of years just as the white servants were, in some cases having sold them selves, in others having been sold by their guardians or parents, the length of service varying from six monthst to twenty-four years. |l t T. R., Vol. I, p, 35. Edward Howell took a child one year old who was to be provided "meat, drinke and Apparel and necessaryes fit for such a servant . . . until the sayd child shall be of the age of thirty years." , ? The following is a good example of such an agreement. "Articles of agreement made & Confirmed betwene Renock Garrison of this Towne of Easthampton the one partie. And Isaack Mills & Elizabeth his wife Inhabitant within the precincts of Southampton the ottier pty as ffoloweth: That ye said Renock due by theise pres ents bind out his sonn Samuell Garrison unto ye aforesaid Isaack Mills & his wife to live with them as a sarvant or an apprentice untill hee bee one and Twentie yeeres of age & to pforme unto his Master & dame ffaithfull service according to his abillitie And the foresaid Isaack Mills & his wife doe Ingage themselves to take care of him as a sarvant ought to bee & to provide for him meate drink Lodginge & apparrell sufficient & Comfortable for him dureing the foresaid Terme of time; And ye said Isaack Mills doe bind him selfe by theise presents to learne ye said Samuell his servant in ye Art & Trade of a Carpenter soe farr forth as he can & is able & as hee ye said Samuell is capable to learne, and alsoe ye said Isaack & his wife doe Ingag themselves to teach this their sarvant Samuell to read & 'write as allsoe to give unto him two suites of apparrell when his time is expired. To all & every of ye above said nremises we every one of us have set to or hands & seales this 24 of August 1683 the Child being now 6 yeeres of age ye 18 of July past. The mark of R. G, Renock Garrison [L. S,' Isaack Mills [L. S.' Elizabeth Mills I her mark [L. S.' Signed & sealed in presence of Tho. Tallmage Shoball Talmage." E. H. T. R., Vol. II, p. 133, X In 1673 Isaack, an Indian, hired himself to Wm. Edwards "duringe the snace of ha'f a veare" for "foure pound in marchant- able pay." E. H. T. R., Vol. i; p. 362, II John Kirtland sells to Rev, Thomas James "my servant Hope well; Indyan: whom I bought of his guardyans being an orphan not one yeare ould" for the balance of his term of 19 years until he Lumber Lane and Turnpike, Bridgehampton HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 119 There is no question, moreover, that from the very earliest days Indians were also held as slaves for life, though probably in comparatively small numbers, In dian slavery as an avowed governmental policy had be gun in New England with the captives taken in the Pe quot War in 1636, four years before the founding of Southampton§ and its existence was recognized both in the Connecticut Code of 1646II and by the United Col onies during the period that Southampton was united with New England,! In New York, nearly all laws re lating to slavery between 1644 and 1788 recognized the existence of Indian sla^V^ery and treated it as an integral part of the slave system, | There are several cases in the local Records which establish the fact of Indian life slavery on the East End beyond question. In 1678, Arthur Howell's son-in-law, James Loper, of East Hampton bought at New Lon don, "in open market," "one Indian Captive girle about Thirteene or foorteene yeeres of age Comonlie Called or known by ye name of Beck for him ye sd James Loper his heires or assignes or either of them to have hould possess and enjoy as his or their proper estate during her natural life," &c. By a second instrument, Loper created a curious trust fund of the girl, making Arthur Howell trustee, the slave to be for the use of Elizabeth Loper during her life and on her death to pass in fee to her children.* should be 25 (then aged 6), at the end of that time he to receive "ten pound in Currant pay & a suite of Cloathes." E. H. T. R., Vol. I. p, 229 (1675). See also Ibid, p, 411; Vol. I. pp. 132, 173 et sey, 212 and Southold T. R,, Vol. II, p, 74. § Lauber, Indian Slavery in Colonial Times, &c. Col, Univ, Studies. Vol.' LIV. No, 3, Contains an extensive bibliography of the subject, II Steiner, Slavery in Conn., p. 10, t Acts, Vol. I. p. 71. (1646) X Morgan, Slavery in State of N, Y,, p. 12, In New Jersey as late as 1797, the Chief Justice delivered an opinion that "they [the Indians] have been so long recognized as slaves in our law, that it would be as great a violation of the rights of property to establish a contrary doctrine at it would be in the case of Africans," Cooley, Study of Slavery in N. J,, p, 13. ? Both documents are given in full, E, H- T. R., Vol. I, pp. 412 et seq. 120 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Another clear case was that of an Indian woman named Sarah, who we know by her subsequent petition to the Governor was a free born Indian woman of Ne^w York. She first appears in the Southold Town Rec ords in 1689,! when James Parshall declares himself to "have sold & delivered unto John Parker of Southamp ton fuller an Indian Garle aged about eight years daughter of on Dorkas an Indian woman, which said ¦ Sarah was my slave for her lifetime; and I doe by these presents sell her ye sd Sarah unto him the said John Parker dureing her natural life" for "the full & just sum of sixteen pounds current money:" In 1712 Parker sold her and an Indian boy to John Wick of Bridgehampton for £21. I2S,,J: who in turn shipped her to the island of Madeira to be sold, from which point her story is told in her petition given in the footnote. || t Southold T, R,, Vol. II, pp. 179 et seq. X T, R„ Vol. VI, p. 61. II "To his Excellency Robert Hunter, Esq., Captain General and Governour in chiefe in and over Her Majesty's Province of New York and New Jerseys and of all the Territorys and Tracts of Land Depending thereon in America and Vice Admiral of ye Same. "The humble Petition of Sarah Robins a Free bom Indian Woman Sheweth, Unto your Excellency that your Petitioner is a Native of this Her Majesty's Province and was born of ffree parents hath lived great part of her time upon Long Island with one John Parker of Southampton and by him was turned over to One John Week of Bridgehampton the said Island who turned her over to Capt. Rob ert 'Walters of the City of New Yourk but on what Acot. She know eth not. The Said Robert Walters upon the ffirst day of January hath caused you Petition [er] against her will to be Transported unto the Island of Madera in Order to be there Sold for a Slave but after her arrival in the Said place upon her Application to the English Con sul and declaring that she was a Free Subject the Said Consul So procured that Capt. Peter Roland who brought her into the Said Island should bring her back again to the this Colony She having before refused to be made a Freewoman if she would have turned to the Roman Catholik ffaith and bee therein Baptized And your Petitioner being still in fear that She may be further ImpoSed on and at some time or other Craftily conveyed to Some other part of the World under the Notion of a Slave She Doth therefore in most humble manner pray that the said John Parker John Week or the said Robert Walters may be put to prove their Title to her as a Slave and if they fail therein 'Then She humbly prays your Ex cellency's Protection whereby She may be Suffered to live quietly and Safely in this her Native Country as a Freeborn Subject of the Same And She as in Duty bound shall Ever pray," N, Y, Col. Mss, 56:90. HISTORY OF THE TOWN Oh SOUTHAMPTON 121 Negro slavery was likewise practised early and there were also free negroes here by i659.§ Black slaves seem to have become fairly numerous later as shown by the number of manumissions recorded about the beginning of the 19th century after the passage of the Act of 1788 providing for their freeing, but the subject presents no unusual features. The foregoing is but a rough outline sketch of the life of the community in its first century. Many aspects of that life have not been touched upon at all, while those that have, of necessity, have been so but briefly, but perhaps enough has been told to give pause to those who profess to long for a return to the "good old days." § T. R., Vol. II, p. 207. Also Brookhaven T. R., Vol. I, p. 48. CHAPTER VI. PIRATES AND OTHER 18TH CENTURY MATTERS The new settlements east of Water Mill had grown and prospered, and in 1677, as we have seen, another large division of land was made and again two years later there was laid out the Forty Acre Division (lots of 40 acres each) north of Bridgehampton from Hay Ground to Lumber Lane,* By 1698 the bridge had been built connecting Mecox and Sagg, the church stood near it, a mill had been put up on Sagg stream,! population had grown and the Indians had ceased to be a serious menace. The present was secure and the future was bright indeed. At that time Lt. Col, Henry Pierson was a member of the Colonial Assembly in New York and some such thoughts may have occupied his mind on a certain day in March 1698 as he looked from a window in his house at Sagg over the stretch of brown fields to the blue waters of the ocean. Little could he dream that, at that very moment perhaps, on the other side of that wide expanse. a ship was slipping from her dock in London on "an in- ? In 1712 the "South," or "Thirty Acre Division" was laid out of land at Mill Pond Head, Scuttle Hole and north of the main country road at Sagg. This road is sometimes called East Hampton Path and also "the King's Road." (T, R., Vol. Ill, p, 23), The locality by the Scuttle Hole Rd,, north of Lumber Lane, was early called Huntington, and the east end of the road called Huntington Path. "Scuttle Hole" may be said to extend from Mitchell's Lane to the lane which forms the south boundary of the Pierce Butler farm. The "Brushy Plain" lay north and west, Dr, Corwith's former resi dence, t Vide, T, R„ Vol. II, pp. 110, 139, Old Figure Head, Canoe Place HISTORY OF 'THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 123 terloping voyage" to Borneo and the East, the fortunes of which were to become so strangely interwoven with his own as to bring him measurably near ending his hon orable career upon a gallows and which were to cause him many an anxious week while waiting for the King's pardon from England, Nothing surely could seem fur ther apart than that London venture to the other side of the earth and the farmer, soldier and legislator in his peaceful home in this retired nook of the new world, thousands of miles from any destined route of the little vessel. She -was, as we learn,* '¦a Hag Boat, Ipswich built, about 350 Tunns mounted with Twenty two Gunns," and well named the "Adventure," She was "well enough carved and yellow painted only the Bugilugs between the windows are black, she hath badges on her quarters, and a freezework runns between the fife Rale, and the plane Sheere quite aft, only one Boat which is a Pinnace about thirty foot long rowes with nine Oars well carved and adorned." Her cargo consisted of "Scarlet and other Coloured Cloth, Perpetuanoes and Broad Flannells, Opium, Iron and Lead, Furzees with brass work upon the Stocks, Small Iron Gunns, all about 200 weight, Grapnells and Anchors from 50 1, to 2 or 3 Ct. weight and," (and here we begin to scent trouble), "Spanish Dollars 33500," in all a cargo to the value of £13000, or in our day near ?400,ooo. Of her jolly crew we also possess a minute descrip tion. There was Joseph Bradish, boatswain's mate, 25 years old, "of ordinary Stature, well sett, round visage, fresh complexion, darkish hair, pock fretten." There was John Lloyd "rawboned, very pale complexion, dark hair, remarkalaly deformed by an attraction of the Lower Eyelid," Andrew Martin "Short, thick great Lips, black bushy hair," Thomas Simpson, "Short and Small, black, much Squint eyed," Joe Witherly, "Short very Small, black, blind of one Eye," John Parrot, "lamish of both * Affidavit of Capt, Gullock, For other contemporary documents see Appendix XIV. 124 HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Leggs," Ellmore Clark with a "very down looke," and others given in the Captain's affidavit. Well may he have cast an anxious look over this cheerful crew as they weighed anchor at the London dock and he thought of the 33000 Spanish Dollars placed "in the bread closet." Of all that happened on the voyage we have an unus ually full account made up of affidavits and official cor respondence from half a dozen sources, among which we find Gov. Stoughton of Massachusetts writing, April 12, 1699, from Boston to Mr. Secretary Vernon in London as follows :* "About March 15 arrived at the east end of Long Is land the ship or Hakeboat Adventure of London, bur then about 350 Tons with 22 guns, Thomas Gulleck late commander, which sailed from Gravesend, March 16, 1698, bound to the Island of Borneo, in India, upon an interloping trade being set forth by Capt. Henry Tate and Capt, Hammond, who keep a brew-house in Thames Street, Mr. Samuel Shepard and the Heathcotts, mer chants in London, and having proceeded so far onwards of her voyage as Polonais, there stopped to water; and the said commander with several of the officers, mar iners and some passengers being on shore and the boats gone on board with water, the rest of the ship's com pany combined and conspired together to leave them and run away with the ship and lading Sept. 17. They cut the cable and brought the ship to sail, offering the yaule to some of the company that refused to join with them in the piracy to transport them to the shore. Several went off in her to the island; the surgeon's mate and two other youths they forced to stay. The chief mate also with the boatswain and armourer not consenting in the villainous act, but unwilling to go on shore at the Island, they gave the long boat unto them with the necessary provisions, etc, three days after, being then about 20 leagues from the land, in which they went off from the ship. The remainder of the Company on board, being 25 or 26, made choice of one Joseph Bra- ? Cal, of State Papers, Col, Ser. Vol, 1699, pp. 132 et seq. Com paring the account with the Affidavits of Gullock, David Hacker and Wm. Whitesides, it is seen to be fairly accurate. See Appendix XIV. HISTORY OF 'THE TOHN OF SOUTHAMP'TON. Yl^i dish, the boatswain's mate to be their commander, whom they preferred for his skill in navigation, and di rected their course for Maurisias, where they fitted the ship, took in some fresh provisions, and two young gen tlemen named Charles Seymour and John Power, who being on a voyage for India in a ship under the command of one Capt, Pye, were unhappily left behind in the said island. From Maurisias they came about Cape Bon Es- perance, and in short time after made a sharing of the money on board, which was contained in nine chests stowed in the bread room, and set forth three or four and twenty single shares besides the Captain's, which was two shares and a half, weighing out the money. Some received 1500, other 1600 dollars for a single share. They afterward made a second sharing of broadcloths, serges, stuffs, and other goods on board. They stopped at the Island of Ascension, took some turtle and fresh provisions in there, and then directed their course for this continent and arrived as aforesaid at Long Island, where Capt, Bradish went on shore, carried the most of his money and jewels with him, committed them to the custody of a gentleman on the island [Lt, Col, Pier son], sent a pilot on board to remove the ship and bring her to an island called Gardiner's Island, but the wind not favotiring them, ran over to Block Island within Rhode Island Government, whence they sent two of the company to Rhode Island to buy a sloop, but the Gov ernment there, having notice that a ship was hovering about those parts suspected to be a pirate, seized the two men and detained them, the intelligence whereof being carried to the ship and some sloops being de scried coming from the island towards the ship, the Com pany, fearing that they were manned out from thence to seize them, forthwith came to sail and stood off to seaward. The sloops following them came up with them, and being informed what the sloops were, per mitted them to come on board and bought one of them and hired another to transport them and their money, allowing the sloopmen to take what they pleased out of the ship, and having put their moneys on board the sloops, sank the ship and got on shore, some in one place. 120 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON some at another, landing at farmhouses, where they provided themselves of horses, and scattered into divers parts of the country, the Captain and some others with him coming into this Province. Upon the first intelli gence whereof a Proclamation was issued and hue and crys sent through the Province and into the neighbour ing Government to pursue and seize on all such of them as could be found, with their treasure. The Captain ¦wdth ten more of the Company are apprehended and in custody here in order to a trial,* who upon examination severally confessed the particulars before recited, and a considerable quantity of money to the value of near 3000 1. with several goods and merchandize taken out of the ship are seized. Seven or eight more are appre hended within Connecticut Government."t A week later we find the Council in New York or dering that a certain John Morrey shall be paid £6 re ward out of the money "in Coll. Peirsons hands as a Re ward for his intercepting a Letter sent from Broadish the pyrate to the sd. Coll, Peirson,"! and a little before that Samuel Mulford testifying that on "March 20 Lt, Col. Henry Peirson of Sagaponnock, Nassau Island, brought Bradish off from the Adventure, and Josiah Topping, of Sagaponack, told him that Bradish and Peir- ? By an odd turn of fortune the jailer proved to be a kinsman of Bradish's, and, with the help of a girl, the pirate effected his es cape, but was recaptured and sent to England in the same ship with Capt. Kidd. "April 8, 1699, Bradish brought to Town. Was taken at Deerfield," Diary of Samuel Sewell Mass Hist. Soe .Coll,, Ser. V, Vol, V, p. 495 "Midsummer Day, 1699, At 9 at night Bradish and Witherly get out of Prison and make their escape with the Maid that helped them out" Ibid, p. 498, "October 26, 1699. Joseph Bradish, Lee Witherly, and Kate Price are brought to town and sent to Prison, from which thev escaned June 24." Ibid. p. 503. "Feb. 16, 1699-70, pleasant weather. Kid, Bradish, Gillam, Witherly are sent on board the Advice Frigat," Ibid, Vol. VI, p, 6, Sic exeunt omnes. X "That money, found on Block Id,, I understand to be £1,000 Ten or eleven of the pirates are seized at New London by Col, Winthrop, Gov, Connecticut, and £1,800 in money. At Boston they have taken 15 or 16 and 5 or £6,000, The Governor of Rhode Island is said to have seized another parcel of money, so that there may be in the whole near £10.000 ."ecured for the owners in England." Cal, State Papers. Col. Ser. Vol, 1699, p. 191. t N, Y, Council Min, Mss, 8:102, The Old Cannon from the Sylph, Bridgehampton Old Bridgehampton Academy HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 127 son went to that place together with a wallet about the bulk of IGOO pounds in silver."$ In all, the Colonel was shown to have four bags in his possession containing 2805 "pieces of eight," of the value of £942, 19s, 7>4d,* ^^ hile his connection with the case is curious and ob scure, it seems to have been at the most, merely indis creet, for the Earl of Bellomont wrote to the Council of Trade in regard to the matter as follows :! "What I have received from Pierson is lodged with Col, Courtland the Collector and shall be forthcoming to the owners upon your Lordship's order or such other authority as I can be secure in, Lt. Col. Pierson came frankly and volun tarily to me and owned Bradish had been at his house and left some bags of money with him and a bag of jew^els. He has a fair character and is a man of sub stance and member of the present Assembly. I fright ened him by telling him he would stand in need of the King's mercy for that by the Statute 28 of Henry VIII he was equally guilty with Bradish. I hope your Lord ships will obtain the King's leave for me to pardon him, which I will not do without your leave, though you write me (Oct. 25) that I have a power by my Com mission to pardon pirates. I assure you I do not inter cede for him upon the score of a reward." Nearly a year later, and a most unpleasant year it must have been to Col. Pierson, the Council of Trade wrote to Lord Bellomont, "as we doubt not of your con tinuing your endeavors for the suppression of piracy, so we hope among others, to have some good account of the seizing of those pirates, which you say, July 22, were sheltered with a great deal of money in Nassau Island, though we are very sensible of the difficulty to do it in a place where they are so much favoured. [ !] His Majesty is pleased to allow your Lordship to pardqn Col. Pierson (May 3) provided he has delivered up all X Cal. State Papers. Col. Ser Vol. 1699, p. 191, ? Detailed sworn statement by Lord Bellomont. Mss. Col. Office Series, Class 5. Volume 1042. London. With it is a. deposition of Simon Bonan, a Jew; one of Cornelius Schellinx, one of Col, Pier son. &c., given in Appendix XIV. t Letter from Gov, Bellomont to Council of Trade and Planta tions, May 3, 1699. Cal, State Papers, Col, Ser. Vol, 1699, p, 190, 12S HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON the effects he had in his hands belonging to the said pirates."* This seems to have been done and though the money was real enough, the jewels, alas, seem to have proved false, though one cannot help wondering why counterfeit stones should have been brought home from the far East by anxious pirates. Many a queer thing happened in Long Island waters in those days, however, as well as officially in New York and perhaps we must not enquire too closely, "At first," Bellomont wrote, "we thought there had been £ loooo worth," but Simon Bonan, a Jew, "pronounced them false, he understanding jewels well,"! Of the truth of the above story, which has never be fore been recounted, it is evident that there can be no doubt whatever, and it raises an interesting point as to ? "Whitehall, Apl. 11, 1700." Letter Council of Trade and Plan tations to Gov,, the Earl of Bellomont. Cal. State Papers, Col, Ser. Vol, 1700, p. 159. t Cal, State Papers, Col. Ser. Vol. 1699, p, 190. The list is from Council Min. Mss. 8:104, "An Inventory of a Bagg of Jewells left by Joseph Broadish in the hands of Lieut, Coll, Henry Pierson taken in Counsell this 27th Day of Aprill 1699, A Large dark blew stone sett in an Enamelled Knot and a large seeming peare pearle Enam elled on one side at the Bottom tyed with a small blew Ribbon to a peice of — board Covered with paper, which being taken of weighs knot and all two hundred twenty-five Carrotts and on the paper was writt £4 s fl, d 0. No 48. A Parcell of small Redd stones in a hollow stirk [ ?], which stones together with two green, and one blew weigh 160 Carrotts. Another small parcell of Redd stones pollished weigh 4 Carrots. A Rose or Breast Jewell with seeming Turkeys stones light blew with seeming pearles weighs 124% Carrotts. No. 10. A pare of Large pendants sealed to a piece of Pastboard on which i.-; writt £25. No. 1 A Redd Stone sett in Lead weighs Thirty Carrotts. A Blew stone sett and Enamelled on the Back-side weighs 32% Carrotts. No. 7: £7. 'Another blew stone weighing 27 Carrotts. No. 9: £4 Another Blew stone fastened with a Ribbon to a piece of Past- board wherein is writt £12: No, 8: weighing 48 Carrotts. Two Crosses sett with stones fastened to a peice of Pastboard marked No 3: £8: s 0: d 0, Two Roses of stones Marked No, 4: Ten pounds, 11 Rings with Cullord stones weigh 117 Carrotts. A diamond Rine of 7 stones w: 20 Carrotts. A gold ring without a Stone, w, 6 carets, A great Cullord stone in a blak box with leather w. 220 Cart." Road at Sebonack HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 129 the growth of local legends and their value as historical material because for long there has floated about the Town a story known as that of "The Pirate's Belt", which I give in the words of a local antiquarian, the late Mr, C, H, Hildreth,* After speaking of other matters, he wrote, "Some time before this, I had an interview with Uncle Stephen Topping and among other things we talked about this belt, which I had often heard of before. Uncle Stephen said that, years before, he asked an old ]\lontauk squaw about the pirate vessel. She said the brig came in and anchored off Shagwannock,! and that the Indians went off to her in their boats, and never came back. In the morning the brig was gone. Some supposed they were pirates, and planning to disband and wanted the boats to scatter in different directions, and scuttled the brig and sent her and the Indians to the bot tom together, I think that probably she was a slaver, and that so the poor Indians, instead of going to the bot tom off Shagwannock, went down South as slaves. About this time a sick man stopped for the night at Tim othy Pierson's [1730-1802], In the morning he was so bad that he could not continue his journey and soon died, Mrs, Pierson told that just before he died he said T wear a belt,' She said they buried him in his clothes, belt and all, and about 12 o'clock that night, the hour when spirit ¦witches are supposed to visit the earth, there was a light seen at the grave, which was just across the street from the house, I suppose it was robbed," Soon after this the new house, now owned by Mrs, Russell Sage, was built on East Hampton Road, and there were other evi dences of suddenly acquired riches. Such is the story as it is told locally, and I was not inclined to question it in too critical a spirit, until I un earthed the earlier and absolutely authentic one. Even now I am not in a position to either affirm or deny the * The version by Judge Hedges (Sag Harbor Express, May 27, 1897) agrees substantially in detail with the above. Both were careful students of local matters and both believed in the story. t "A hill, point of land, and a reef of rocks on the northeastern part of Montauk, in the Indian Fields, . , , The Indian huts until a few years ago were located on the side of this hill." Tooker, Place Names, p. 238. 130 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON existence of the belt, but it does strike me as unusual that one family, and that among the most distinguished in every way in the Town, should happen to have such very odd dealings with pirate folk in two successive genera tions ! However, piratical and other illicit trading were no strangers on the East End, any more than they were in New York in those days, particularly under the rule of Gov. Fletcher who afforded the pirates and smugglers comfortable protection, and many a farm house sheltered goods and coin which had been warehoused under the black flag at the rendezvous at Madagascar instead of London dock or the bankers. Perhaps we shall not be far wrong if, in reading the bequest in a will of that day of "four pieces of Arabian gold to buy Bibles" we strongly suspect the antemortem workings of conscience. The trade and prosperity of the entire Province of New York, as well as some of the other colonies, had become bound up to an extraordinary degree with piracy by the sale of supplies and marketing of the plunder, when Gov. Bellomont apparently made a genuine effort to suppress it. Gardiner's Bay and the various little harbors on the East End afforded, like the coasts of Rhode Island and the Carolinas, convenient and quiet anchorage for these gentry, and Bellomont wrote in 1699 that Long Island had "become a great Receptacle for Pirates." After stating that the notorious Gillam* had been allowed to escape thence, and speaking of Kidd, a part of whose treasure was buried on Gardiner's Island, he had the fol lowing unkind remarks to make about our part of the country. "I take that Island especially the East End of it to exceed Rhode Island. The people there have many of them been pirates themselves, and to be sure are well affected to the trade ; But besides that they are lawlesse and desperate a people that I can get no honest man that will venture to goe and collect the Excise among them. * N. Y, Coun. Minutes, Jan, 27, 1701. "23. paid to Abraham Gouvernour for his expenses in searching after the money dis covered bv James Gillam the Pyrate lately executed in England, be fore his death to be hid by him in the East End of Nassau [Long] Island." The Shore at Noyack HISTORY OF THE TOWN OP SOUTHAMPTON 131 and watch their Trade," and he then proposes "next spring" to quarter a hundred men there for that pur pose.* The excise of the Island was estimated to be worth, if duly collected, £ 12000 per annum, yet was let for one- twelfth of that sum. "I offered," wrote Bellomont again,! "one of the Lieutenants of the Companies £100 a year New York money and buy him a couple of horses for him and a man to attend him, and I intended him to be riding Surveyor of Nassau Island, not only to let and collect the Excise of the whole Island, but also to inspect and watch the harbours and creeks that no goods or mer chandizes should be run in, with a promise of a third of all such goods as he should seize ; but he, tho' accounted a brisk man and ready to starve for want of his pay and subsistance told me in plain terms he thought it too haz ardous an undertaking for him, and refused to meddle," The same year, Clarke landed from Kidd's sloop, car ried £5000 to Connecticut and wrote the Lieut. Gov ernor at New York " a very sawcy letter and bade us defiance."! The following year, Mays and another pirate were reported hovering off the East End with £500,000 between them and making tentative offers of £ 100,000 to be allowed to land. |1 And so the story con tinues with many men of lesser note and smaller plun der. It was, throughout the colonies, the period of low est ebb in the thought and morals of the people and it ¦W'as not merely privateering and piracy, commerce and smuggling which shaded into one another. The moral sense of the times was blurred in many ways, and often it is peculiarly hard to disentangle the reputations of the period and determine whether some of the prominent men who cross the page of history were Hydes or Jekylls. A rather odd and interesting case of this sort may be found in Southampton in the person of John Wick, Esq., ? Col. Docts., Vol, IV, p, 591. t Col. Docts., Vol. IV, p, 517. X Col, Docts., Vol. IV, p. 595. II Col. Docts , Vol. IV, p. 711. 132 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON who was a devil or an upright and distinguished citizen as one follows persistent legend or formal record. Let us take up the record first and see how his life and character would be interpreted from that had tra dition remained silent. He came, I think, from Oyster Bay, where there were at one time two men of that name,! and the first appears in the Southampton Records on June 30, 1691 when he sold a house in that village which he owned jointly with John Howell, Peregrine Stan borough, Henry Pierson and Samuel Cooper,* and two years later he was granted by the Town mill rights on the Peconic river. Tf In 1696 he is referred to as "John Wick, gentleman." In 1700, in the excellent company of John Cook, Daniel Sayre, Jr., and Mr. Joseph Ford ham, we find him making a protest against a certain in dividual land grant, while in 1711, a committee being ap pointed by the Town (by majority vote as usual) to en quire into the important question of titles to the com mon land, the men named were Capt. Thomas Stephens, Capt. Theophilus Howell, Mr. John Wick, John Cook and James (I!ooper.J He is again in the best of company and appointed by popular vote to a position of responsi bility, as he was once more in 1712 when he was elected one of the Town Trustees. Earlier, in 1694, two lists v/ere made up, one of those who had paid their rates for the minister's stipend, and another showing the delin quents, and although many excellent names appear in the latter, Wick is entered as having paid his church dues promptly. In 1706-7, James Emott of New York, a prominent lawyer of that city who married Gov, Car teret's step-daughter || and was counsel for Gov. Fletcher,^ gave to him power of attorney to collect money and in the same year Col. Abraham De Peyster did the t Oyster Bay Records, Vol, I, p. 35, * T. R,. Vol, V. p, 279. 1 T. R., Vol, II, p, 128, X T. R., Vol, II, p, 147, II Hatfield's Elizabeth, n. 257. § Col. Docts , Vol, XIV, p. 387, a T, R., Vol. VI, p. 31. a HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 133 same, calling him "his loving friend, John Wick."! He was also a Magistrate from 1702 until his death, and Sheriff' of Suffolk County 1699-1700.^ Meanwhile he had moved to Bridgehampton, prob ably between 1695 and 1700, where he lived and kept a tavern, as many another good man has, in what is now known as the Briggs house (on the northwest of the four village corners), and which is said to have been built in 1685 though added to since at various times. The village was then, and is even yet, known by the name of Bull Head, and the inn was called for many years the Bull's Head Tavern, its sign probably giving the name to the local ity, jj He also owned land on the hills near Mr, W. D, Halsey's, where he had a mill which has given its name to Wind Mill Hill.§ In his last will and testament he states that "my will is that my son John be brought up to learning at col lege, and for that end I give him to be sold by my exe cutors in trust" certain described real estate. His other children then receive various bequests and the docu ment continues, "all my movable property is to be sold at public auction to the highest bidder within a year and a day, and the money to be put out at interest for six in the hundred rather than lye dead, for the sup port of my children until the youngest shall be 14 and be bound out to some trade. To my wife Temperance [delightful name for an inn keeper's wife!] I leave the use of the east end of my house and one-half of my cellar and one-half of my well and one-third of my real estate," His executors were Mathias Burnett, Thomas Cooper and Alexander Wilmot. It was witnessed by Theo philus Howell, Samuel Gelston and Nathan Sayre, all good men and true, and one specially mentioned as his t T. R., Vol. VI, p, 30. t There are two letters from Wick to the Governor in N. Y. Col. Mss.. 55:9 and 55:125. II Opposite the tavern in his day was the Triangular Common, "a tract extending from Mr. McCaslin's place to Mr. Chester's store on the east and from there to the graveyard on the north, then along the east side of the graveyard to the Presbyterian Churchyard." § Operated as early as. and probably long before, 1712. T. R., Vol. II, p. 163 and VI, p. 267, 134 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON friend. As he died a month later, he was evidently in good company right up to the end,* In all the records there is but one transaction of any sort in which his name appears which may be considered as even questionable by the standards of two centuries later, and that was a little matter of piracy. In Gov. Fletcher's time, which was indeed the golden age for gentlemen of that profession in these waters, a certain Josiah Raynor went "out a privateering (that is pirat ing) with Capt, Tew" and when he came home, for even pirates have homes, the Sheriff of Suffolk County seized his chest which "contained in it a considerable treasure," Raynor applied for help to his "friend Wick," and Wick to his friend Emott who introduced him to Gov, Fletcher, to whom Wick offered £50 to let Raynor go and to restore him his chest, which the Governor ac cepted, as was his wont, and there the matter would have ended except for the later charges brought against Fletcher in which this Raynor case figured somewhat prominently, as well as Wick's frank deposition in re gard to the whole affair.! The above are the recorded facts, and they indicate, if the recorded facts of history indicate anything, which is open to all of us sometimes to doubt, that here we have to do with a man highly esteemed and trusted in the community in ¦which he lived, one of the highest officials of his Town and County, the companion of the soundest men in the home society in which he moved, trusted in New York business circles, the loved friend of Col, De Peyster, a considerable property owner, and a thoughtful parent, providing for the one of his children he evidently thought would most profit by it, a college education, a thing so rare in those days as to appear in ? He was buried in the rear of his own home lot about 30-40 rods north of Main St, and the same distance west of Lumber Lane, The stone was moved some years ago to the cemetery in Southamp ton by Lemuel Wick, last of the name in the town. The inscription is as follows: "Here was layed the Body of Mr, John Wick, Esq,, Who Dyed January the 16th, anno., 1719 in the 59th year of his age." t Col, Docts,, Vol, IV, pp, 337, 387, 459, 5' in o rf- 3rt-O S HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 135 deeds and on tombstones.* Moreover, his children after him continued respectable citizens and above the aver age. John got the education provided for him and graduated from Yale in 1722,! Having thus studied Mr, Wick as he appears in his tory, let us turn to the traditional aspect of the same man. The first tale which I heard of him was in his capacity as an inn keeper, and was to the effect that peddlars journeying through the village used to put up at the old Bull's Head, and like those who sought his prototype the Minotaur of old, would enter but not re turn, — in plain English, that more than one of them was murdered by Wick for money. Another story of the same cheerful type is that near his windmill, already al luded to, he had a well dug in a spot still marked by a pile of pebbles, and employed in the work a very old negro slave who dug deeper and deeper but found no sign of water. Provoked by the lack of success and desirous of rid ding himself of a superannuated slave, he himself shovelled the dirt back while the old man was in the hole and buried him alive. Of an even more imaginative sort are the stories which state that he possessed magic powers and supernatural gifts, or that when his grave was being filled ants dug out the earth as rapidly as it was put in, or, again, that some men of the village, fish ing off the coast at the moment of his death, saw the devil carrying his black soul through the air seaward. In regard to his burial having been on his own land instead of in a cemetery, I have heard that a grave was dug for him in the "old cemetery," but kept caving in, v\hich was construed as an omen, and also that the auth orities considered him so wicked that they would not allow him to be buried in any of the Burying Grounds. Why he was buried on his own land, I cannot, of course, ? In 1734 Elias Petty, of Bridgehampton, sold to Silas White "one-half of my 20 acres, which I bought of Walter Wilmot, student of Yale College." T. R„ Vol, VL n, 80. In same year, Walter Wilmot, "member of Yale College," deeds property. Ibid. In Sagg Burying Ground is a stone which reads, "Here lies ye Body of Mr. Henry White, Student of Yale College, who died May 4th, 1748, in his 23rd year." t Vide, Adams, Memorials, p, 96, 136 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON say but it was a common enough custom where there was no burying ground in the vicinity, as any number of single graves or small groups testify, and at the time he died probably neither the Hay Ground, Poxabogue nor "Old" Cemeteries had been opened for there are no stones in any of these for a number of years subsequent to his death,* While the supernatural tales are no longer seriously credited, of course, the belief that the man was wicked through and through and the perpetrator of horrid crimes is deeply rooted in the community, although not two centuries have elapsed since his death. If he was all that his record indicates, how is it possible that this mass of false legend and fable should have gathered around his name in a place where he was so well known and where, for long years after his death, reducing to a com paratively short time the period for the growth of legend, his career and reputation must have been so well remembered by his friends and neighbors in so small a community? Yet the historic record stands and the case of John Wick, Gentleman, Sheriff of Suffolk County is one of the most curious and instructive matters in the history of our Town. As has been said above, the latter part of the 17th and the early years of the i8th centuries mark a period of depression in the moral and intellectual life of New- England, Down to 1640 practically the entire adult pop ulation of the colonies had lived in Europe, mainly in England, and while all types, good and bad, were repre sented among them, there was not only the powerful leaven of those who had emigrated from religious con viction, but all had come under the refining influences, such as they were in their day, of the settled order of life in the older country. As we have noted in an earlier chapter, the proportion of educated men here was strik ingly great among all classes, while, in New England generally, of the early clergymen seventy-seven had be gun their ministry in England and were University ? So common was the custom of burying on private land and by private funeral as well that the Colonial Legislature passed laws forbidding it in 1664 and 1684, though they were not enforced. HISTORY OF THE 'I OWN Oh SOUTHAMPTON 137 men,* To seme, although to a less, extent these influ ences were still felt by the children of the first settlers, but with the stream of immigration from England dried up, with scant facilities for education except of the most rudimentary sort, with the earlier generation who had known other conditions of life, dead and gone, subject only to the influences of their primitive and even savage environment, reacting also from the excess of religious zeal and Puritanical observance, the social and religious life of the people declined rapidly. Gov, Bellomont's de scription of conditions on the East End may not be over drawn, judging by what we know of them in New York and New England generally at that period. Not only had morals become lax and principles of conduct lowered, so that, for example, piracy and mur der were accounted almost as legitimate trading by prominent New York merchants and at least one Gov ernor, as well as the humbler folk of Long Island, but the church itself had greatly declined in learning and in zeal. A new church building was indeed erected in Southampton village in 1707,! and the routine life of the church was maintained but its power and influence had ? Walker, Aspects of Relig, Life, p. 49, t Cor. Main St. and Meeting House Lane, used until 1844 when it was sold to the Methodists, and the present church built. The Methodists built a new one in 1884 and the old one then became the Village Hall, now Fordham's stationery shop. The ministers in Southampton in the 18th Century were: Joseph Whiting, called at a Town Meeting June 27, 1682, and settled a short time after; agreement dated Feb. 7, 1636-7; continued till death Apl, 7, 1723: born Apl. 6. 1641; Grad, Harvard 1661. Samuel Gelston, ordained and installed Co-Pastor Apl, 17, 1717; removed to New Castle, Del,, and received into Presbytery there Aug. 27, 1728, Silvanus White, ordained and installed Nov. 17, 1727; died Oct. 22, 1782. Osias Eels, stated supply for unknown neriod. James Eels, ditto, Joshua Wil liams, ordained May 26, 1785, resigned Apl, 23, 1789, Mr, Strong and Mr. Mills, stated supplies for unknown periods, Herman Dag gett, ordained and installed Apl, 12, 1792, resigned June 8, 1795, David S, Bogart, received and accepted call autumn 1795, but pre vious to ordination and installation removed to Albany, Jan,, 1797; returned to Southampton in a few months and was ordained and in stalled May 31, 1798; resigned and dismissed Nov. 6, 1806, to a Dutch church at Bloomingdale; recalled to Southampton spring of 1807 and reinstated June 17, 1807; resigned and finally removed Apl. 15. 1813. The second parsonage was built in 1736, 138 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON waned. They were, as already stated, "town churches" and the payment of rates and upkeep of the establish ment was obligatory upon all, however dissatisfied they might be with the doctrine or person of the minister. As the new century advanced, however, signs were not wanting of what later came to be called "the Great Awakening." Revivals occurred in various places in the 30's as well as earlier, and the great one of 1740 spread its influence here. The people of Bridgehampton had built a new church in 1737,* and tradition states that the first evening, meeting was held in 1741 when the Rev. Gilbert Tennant, one of the revivalists preached here, as did also on one occasion, Whitefield himself. He was followed by the Rev. James Davenport who had come under the influence of the wild enthusiast Ferris and was, like him, accustomed to provoke his hearers to hysterical outbursts. As a result of this outside preaching a "Separate," or "New Light" church was formed in Bridgehampton, and many joined in the move ment of secession which was at that time in progress throughout New England, though this seems to have been the only example of the movement in this Town. A church was built on the southwest corner of the main country road and New Light Lane, X the Rev. Elisha Paine! becoming pastor in 1752 and remaining until his ? North side of Sagg Rd., about 30 rods east of Ocean Rd. For a full description of the building see Hedges' Bi-Centennial Address, Quoted in Memorials, pp. 195 et seq. The ministers of the Bridge hampton Church during the 18th Century were: Ebenezer White, already mentioned, until he resigned June 15, 1748; James Brown, born about 1721, died Apl. 22, 1788, grad. Yale 1747; ordained here June 15, 1748, resigned Mar, 27, 1775; Aaron Woolworth, ordained Aug. 30, 1787. There was no regular minister during the Revolu tion, the work being largely carried on by Deacon David Hedges, Mr, 'Woolworth was born Long Meadow, Mass., Oct, 25, 1763, grad. Yale 1784, received honorary degree D, D, at Princeton 1809, died Apl. 4, 1821; married Mary, dau, of Rev, Samuel Buell. It was at his house that was organized, July 6, 1815, "The Religious Female Cent Society," still in existence and now known as the "Women's Missionary Society." He lived in what is still called the "Wool- worth house," where Rev, Mr, Brown lived before him and which is pre-Revolutionary in age and perhaps much older. Vide, Memorials, pp, 220 et seq for deeds. X Said to be the same building now remodelled and used as a sum mer home bv Mrs. Clarence Peck on Ocean Road. t Born at Eastham, Mass., 1693, moved to Canterbury, Conn., and ol *i f -..-¦ %^ ?i^ -^1 ¦ ¦;-;,'';-'f*-'"' il fe 1 ¦¦¦¦¦¦"¦ Colonel Benjamin Huntting House, Sag Harbor (Xow owned by Mrs. Russell Sage) HIS'TORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 143 I hope in a short time I shall bring them to a better tem per, but in the meantime the Trade of the City suffers very much.*" Lord Cornbury's complaint was caused only partly, however, by the loss of legitimate trade. The West India products accounted for much the largest part of the cus toms received at the custom house in New York! and there were frequent complaints that these duties were evaded by landing the goods at the East End, either by pirates or mere smugglers. The Governor's discovery of doings on the East End had been anticipated by Lord Bellomont, who wrote in 1700 that "there is a town called Stamford in Connecticut Colony on the border of this Province, where one Major Selleck lives who has a warehouse close to the Sound or Sea, that runs be tween the mainland and Nassau Island, That man does us great mischief with his warehouse, for he receives abundance of goods from our vessels, and the. merchants afterwards take their opportunity of running them into this town. Major Selleck receiv'd at least £10000 worth of treasure and East India goods brought by one Clarke of this town from Kidd 's sloop and lodg'd with Selleck",! This was the Clarke whom we met in the last chapter, landing from Kidd's vessel at the East End and sending the Earl a "very sawcy letter" in reference to * Col, Docts. Vol, IV, p. 1058. t "This [1669] has been the worst year that ever was known in New York for the Revenue by reason of the great scarcity of Sugar, Rum and Mollasses at Barbadoes, and the other Islands and of Wines at the Madeira's; for from those Articles the customs of New York do chiefly arise". Earl of Bellomont, Col. Docts, Vol. IV, p, 600, The following flgures of tonnage cleared at the port of New York from June 24, 1715 to June 24, 1718 show clearly the importance of the West Indian and non-English trade. To Great Britain 4382 tons. " Brit. Plantations on the continent 4234 " Ne-wfoundland 395 4629 " " British Islands (West Indies, &c.) 8776 " Madeira, Africa, &c. 1395 " Foreign Plantations 2595 " Europe 615 13381 " Total 22392 " Col. Docts. Vol. V, p, 618, t Col, Docts. Vol. IV, p, 783. 144 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON his doings, so that Major Selleck's warehouse was evi dently one of the underground passages between the East End and the New York markets. It must be re membered that while there was a custom house at New York, Connecticut at that time had free trade, and as Lord Cornbury sagely observes "Connecticut is oppo site to two thirds of Long Island", adding that "there has been for some time no trade between the City of New Yorke and the East End of Long Island".! The question of collecting the revenue from Long Is land was a thorny one and, as we have seen, remained so down to the Revolution, The matter of Long Island ports of entry has not, so far as I know, been treated of elsewhere, the statement usually being made that the first custom house to be established was that at Sag Harbor in 1788,* While the latter statement is not true, the matter is involved in considerable obscurity and I therefore give the result of my researches. In 1665, Gov, Nicholls having been "informed that there hath beene formerly great Abuses at Oyster Bay, Huntington and other places on Long Island in Land ing of Tobacco, and giving in security for the paying of His Maties Dutyes" &c, appointed John Underhill to be "Surveyor of Long Island" and to observe and act on all breaches of the revenue laws, § In 1668 Thomas Chat field was appointed Collector of Customs at the "Towne or Port of East Hampton" making return to "the Chief Customer at New Yorke", J and in June 1670 John Lay- ton (Laughton) was appointed a "Sub-coflector of t Col, Docts. Vol, IV, p, 1058. ? New York and Sag Harbor were designated Ports of Entry the same day, the first vessel registering here being the Brig Lucy, Sept, 8, 1788, The custom house here was abolished July 1, 1913. The Collectors had been 1778-90, John Gelston; 1790-1822, Henry P, Dering; 1822-30, H, T. Dering; 1830-42, John P. Osborn; 1842-45, Henry T. Dering; 1845-6, Abel Huntington; 1846-9, H. T. Dering; 1849-52, Edwin Rose; 1852-57, Sam'l L. Gardiner; 1857-61, Jason M. Terbell; 1861-65, John Sherry; 1865-80, Wiekham S. Havens; 1880-85, Wm. Lowen; 1885-90, Clothier H. Vaughn; 1890-92, John Sherry, Jr.; 1892-96, Cornelius R, Sleight; 1896-1909, Peter Dippel; 1909-1912, B, Frank Harris; 1912-13, Frank W, Corwin, Deputy, 8 Col, Docts, Vol. XIV, p. 566. % Col. Docts. Vol, XIV, p. 608, Methodist Church, Sag Harbor HISTOR} OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 145 Southampton & ye places there adjacent"* which would seem to be the date of the establishment of the first cus tom house in the Town, The next reference I have found is in the Southold Town Records! at a Town Meeting of May 6, 1671, when five men were appointed "to act with Southampton and Easthamton men to desier Master willson to gett of the Costom and obtaine shuch other priveliges as hee can get for us: — And these men according to the Townes mind have don it".! Apparently the custom house was still at Southampton for on Nov, 19, 1672, John Jennings was appointed "cus tomer" there with John Laughton, J In 1674, in the in structions to Mr, Dyer, Collector at New York, there is mention of the "Custmrs of ye other ports of my said Colony", II and on Mar, 5, 1675 the following appears in the Council Minutes (text mutilated) " . . , . shipps or vessells trading in this G shall at their first com ing in, enter goods, & pay their dutys at New Y where else & at their departure clea. ... at ye sd. port. Except for ye present Towns of South- ton & Southold where have liberty to enter, & cleare untill f order". § We have already seen that Andross (Apl. 16, 1678) spoke of New York and Southampton as the principal places of trade in the col ony, which would seem to indicate that the latter place ,was also a port of entry, but only four ? Col. Docts. Vol. XIV, p, 637. t Southold T, R., Vol. I, p, 339, H In the orders of the Court of Assizes at New York, Oct, 7, 1671 Order No, 3 states that the duties are not properly collected except at New York and orders the duties to be paid to the proper officers by vessels entering or leaving "any of ye Ports upon Long Island, as well as ye East End thereof". State Historians Rept. Col. Ser. Vol, I, p, i74, X Council Min. Mss, 3 Pt, 1 p. 119, This was printed "vice John Laughton", but the Mss, reads "with" (Letter of Mr, Peter Nel son, State Archivist,) Nov. 28, 1672 Gov. Lovelace wrote Capt, John Howell, Justice, "I understand there is a vessel designed for yor ports of a very considerable cargo; if his Maties officers of the Custome shall have occasion of yor assistance, I doubt not but you will afford it them". Col, Docts. Vol, XIV, p. 677. II Col. Docts. Vol, III, p, 222, § Council Min. Mss, Vol. Ill Pt. 2, p, 27, Margins were burned in the Capitol fire. 146 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON days later in the same year, we find the Council acting upon the petition of a Boston merchant, who had purchased a large quantity of whale oil at the East End for shipment from North Sea to England, praying that he might not have to undergo the hazard of taking it to New York first in order to clear from that port as re quired. The petition was granted under certain condi tions, but apparently the local custom house had then been given up..§ In 1684 Sir John Werden writing to Gov. Dongan, noted that "some of the inhabitants in ye east end of Long Island by reason of their distance from New Y. desire a port there" and that the Governor ap proved, and in turn gave him permission to establish it, which was done. It was maintained for at least three years and a halfH but in 1692 we find the inhabitants of Suffolk County again petitioning for a port,|| which was denied them, and again a port was asked for in 1694,* Apparently these requests were not granted, but in 1699. Samuel Sewall, of Boston, on a pleasure cruise to Long Island Sound reported that "they have a privilege of late that the East End of Long Island may clear at New London",! which arrangement also held in 1708 and seems to have done so until abolished in I72i.t As may be seen in the clearance paper given earlier in the chap ter, there was a custom house at the East End in 1747 8 N. Y. Col. Mss, 27:66 and 35:43, 1 Col. Docts. Vol. Ill, pp. 350 and 402. II "To his Exclly Benjamin Flecther Esq Capt genii and Go'vemr. In Chiefe in & over the province of new york &c and there Majestys Honble Councell The Humble Peticon of the Inhabetants of the County of Suffolk Humbly Sheweth Whereas your Excllys peticonrs Lye under great Inconveniency by Reason we are abridged the Liberty of a nort in this County that wee cannot make the benefit of iivhat is Raised here for our comfortable subsistance and paying the Requisset Charges Layed won us are of absolute Necessity Constrained to Address your i.xcll'v and Honrs that you would be nleased to Comiserate our n?,tv= t°lf.r„/' *°v. ^T^"* '^^ ^ P°''* ^" t^'« <^°""tv wee paying the Dutys thereof as by Law Required" &c. N. Y Col Mss 38-176 * Council Min. Mss. 6:125. Council Min. Printed 1:52! March 15 t Sewall, Diary, Vol. II, p. 440. X Col. Docts. Vol. V, p. 59. Ibid p. 631. John Jermain House, Sag Harbor Old North Haven Toll Bridge HISTORY OF THE 'TOH'N OF SOUTHAMPTON 1-17 and r>. Sylvester was then "Deputy Collector and Search- er Meanwhile, a new harbor had gradualh' come into use, destined later to be the most important one on this end of the Island and to command a leading place in the American whaling industry. This was, of course, Sag Harbor, so called because it was originally the harbor for Sagg, as Northwest was for East Hampton and North Sea for Southampton, So far as has been found, the first recorded mention of the new port is that in the accounts of the Town Trustees in 1707, wherein a charge is made "for going to Sag Harbor to evidence for ye town 3s 6d", The topography of the place has changed enormously since its settlement, and the earlier conditions existing there may have delayed its use as a harbor. II The meadow originally extended across Main Street and up to the cliff, from which rose Turkey, or Cliff" Hill, Between that and Meeting House Hill was a swamp which closed Main, and perhaps Madison Streets, and there was also a great swamp east of the Old Bury ing Ground and the above hills, the water from which flowed down Burke Street to -the harbor, Turkey Hill vvas cut down and dumped, to the depth of four or five feet upon the north and west side of Main Street; and Meeting House Hill onto Main, Madison, Washington, Division and Hampton Streets, which. Judge Hedges says, were before impassable.* The early roads were II For early topography see Hedges, Sag Harbor Address, passini, ? Originally the tide flowed over most of the meadow (called the Wentworth meadow) and this was at flrst considered the most valu able land at the Harbor on account of the fodder for horses and cattle produced on it. It was settled nearly a century before the upland, Mr. H. D, Sleight writes me, "The greater portion of the west side of Sag Harbor Main Street stands upon the edge of the Wentworth meadow. The buildings are mostly upon 'made' ground. I saw a trench opened at the time the Julia King fountain was placed in Madison Square, At a depth of over three feet the laborers unearthed a wooden sidewalk and an old English colonial coin was also found. The foundations of the new Sag Harbor Sav- ines Bank had to be placed upon niling, A glance at many of the brick buildings on the west side of Main Street, will show how they have settled and how the walls are cracked although I understand the foundations, at least the rear foundations, are all on piles. The Hedges House, a big brick building at one time owned and con ducted as a sailor's boarding house by a paternal grandfather of 148 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON more circuitous than today, that from East Hampton coming through Pine Swamp, north of Northwest Creek, following the landing opposite Turkey Hill and running so close to the cliff that at high tide one wheel of a wagon would tilt on the bluff while the other would actually be in the water,* The road from Sagg "ran from the point where Sagg and Wainscott Roads inter sect, north of Long Pond, came out north of the house of Samuel T, Hildreth, deceased, and south of Otter Pond, passed the old Jesse Halsey house and between the Cove and Otter Pond, and skirting the Cove and west edge of the Meadow, to the landing near the old Toll Gate of the North Haven Bridge, following some part of Glover and West Water Streets",! The Bridgehampton road fol lowed generally the present Brick Kilns road. J The purchase of Hog Neck had been confirmed by the Shelter Island Indians in 1665II and in 1680 land there and in the meadows had been allotted by the Town,§ while there are frequent sales of land there from that date on. As noted above, the place had already become known as Sag Harbor by 1707, and it makes its first ap pearance in the Town Records in 1710,^ when it is called Sagaponack Harbor, The next year it appears for the first, and so far as I know the only, time as "Bridge Hampton Harbor,*^ while in 1712 there is recorded the mine was, previous to the introduction of city water in Sag Har bor, served by a bucket well, 40 feet deep. In times of easterly gales driving in high tides this well would salt so we sank a drive pipe from 40 to 90 feet; we got nothing but salt water. , . At times of high tides the cellars of buildings upon both sides of Main Street flood. At one time I remember that school in the old Union school house (Mansion house building) had to be dismissed because the rising tide in the cellar put out the furnace. I have seen our compos itors obliged to come from Meadow Street to the Corrector office by boat to enter a rear door, and pigs, chickens and, in one instance, horses have been drowned". * This was early changed so as to leave out the Creek, com'ng out at the east end of Eastville, It was later cut through the slough, t Hedges Address, j It struck over in front of S. T, Hildreth's house at Ligonee Brook, II T, R. Vol, II, p. 356, § T, R, Vol. II, p, 88 et seq, a T. R. Vol. VI, p. 47, '^ T, R, Vol. VI, p. 50, tds; O < o3 p. O HIS'TORY OF 'THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 149 sale of Stony Island lying "between Hog Neck and Sag Harbor".* Tradition has always placed its real settlement as about 1730, but I believe there were undoubtedly houses there before that date, Samuel Russel was the first recorded settler and his house is supposed to have been on the west side of Main St, near the north end,! but either he or some other man named Russell was living on Hog Neck with his family as early as 1704,$ References to Sag Harbor at this very early period may be found not only in the Records but elsewhere. There was con stant intercourse at that time between the East End and New London, where there lived a man named Joshua Hempstead, who among other things dealt in rum, and used to come over here to sell it, and who kept a most re markably minute diary, which begins in 171 1, The pub- ? T. R, Vol. VI, p. 106. The first preserved Bill of Lading reads as follows : "Shipped by the Grace of God, in good order and well conditioned by Francis Pelletreau, in and upon the good sloop called the Port land Adventure, whereof is Master under God for this present voy age Richard Hartshorne, and now riding at anchor in the harbor of Sagg, and by God's Grace bound for New York, to say: Five barrells of Beef and nine barrells of Pork, two Furkings of Butter, two ditto Cranberry, and one ditto of Eggs, for the proper Accompt and Risque of Francis Pelletleau and goes consigned to himselfe. Being marked and numbered as in the Margent, and are to be delivered in the like good'order and well conditioned at the aforesaid port of New York (the dangers of the seas except), unto Francis Pelle treau or to his assigns. He or they paying Freight for the said goods sixteen pence per barrell, and four pence half penny per Furking, with primage and average account added. In witness thereof the Master and Purser of the said sloop hath affirmed two bills of Lading all of this Tener and Date, One of which two Bills being accomplished the other is to stand Void, And so God send the good Sloop to her desired Port in safety. Amen, Dated in Southamnton ye 26th of November, 1731, Rich'd Hartshorne, Beef F, P. B, Porke F. P. P, Cranberry F. P. C. Eggs F. P. E, Butter F, P. 1 to 2." t Hedges, Address p. 8, T. R. Vol. Ill, p, 71. t "Ordered that Capt, Theophilus Howell shall go to Hog neck and warne Daniel Sayres tenant called Russell, who lives upon Hog Neck, forthwith to depart with his family to ye place from whence he came from". T, R, Vol. V, p 166. This order was probably not carried into effect. 150 HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON lication of this diary has settled the vexed, if not very im portant, question of where the rum then came from, and out of innumerable entries referring to East End men and places I note only the following: "June 15, 1714, I Avent to Sag & ye Harbour. I sold i bb Rum for 3s 6d gall qt. 3iJ^ to Mr. White." "Mar, 8 1717, I went with Willson to Sag harbour by sunset," "June 19 1717. I Taryed at Easthampton & South and thereabouts Selling my Rum & till friday 28th ... .1 sold i bb to Theo philus Pierson for 3s 6d p. gall, I Reed all the mony. I sold I hhd 107 gall to Daniel Sayre Juner for £i6-is-od in Silver mony to be paid by the Middle of September Next".* At whatever date actual settlement may have been made, it is certain that at first the community was ex ceedingly small, Ephraim Fordham, who was born there in 1737, being able to recall when there was but one house! and Mrs, Ruth Sayre, an old resident, told that notoriously careful and accurate student of Sag Harbor history, Mr, Luther D, Cook, in 1858, that she could re member when there were only three, occupied by John Foster, Daniel Fordham, and James Howell, | and it has also been said that these were still the only houses in 1740.11 In 1738, however, there was allotted a large sec tion of the undivided land of the Town, a line being run from the East Hampton boundary to North Sea, and lots ? "Sept. 9 1713. went to ye funeral in ye aftem & after itt was over to Mr. Latimores to eat Watermillions. Josiah Topping came to my house & Signed over an Indian to me as p. Indenture I to sell him for wt I can & to pay myself." This book is a mine of refer ences to Long Island as well as New London people. Diary of Joshua Hempstead, New "London County Hist. Soe. 1901. t "In Middletown, on Friday May 1st at the house of his son, Mr. Ephraim Fordham. in the 96th year of his age. He was born at Sag Harbor, L, I, Mar, 12, 1737 0, S. He has often said that he could remember when there was but one house at Sag Harbor T.an-^- ing: and that firewood was the princinle article of export", (Death notice in newspaper clipping dated 1832 in Onderdonk Scrap Books, L. I, Hist, Soe.) X From an article. Old Sag Harbor by L, D. Cook. On the tomb stone of Npthan Fordham fOld Cemetery) it is noted that he died 1805 in his 84th year, and that he was one of the first who began the settlement of Sag Harbor, John Poster was a delegate to the first provincial Congress in New York. May 22d. 1775. II Testimony of Mrs. Miranda Beers. Hedges, Address p, 35. Old Schoolhouse, Sag Harbor BHflH^^38t' t- . . . IS r'_- -f if- — ^ -l-^ ¦Egj ^ f ^^^H^^^^ ^^^^si^^^^ I 'f i : 'f ^Bi PH^^ H^£.^.0 RATIO? jf" '' 0,E L I V E R E D . A T THE* ^I^OMMENCEMENT OF ^'^^; Pr ovide nce-Cotkge^ ^^'j£ K^ftM ^jai J^G GmIt T, '^^--'ft.ftj^.'lSegS^'AS T,k K>$ ?i3lE <3-r e E. ^^m^t^j^egj^deik^hft^ life o/th:> Naft. Title Page of Daggett's Rights of Animals (OriKinal in Poflaosaion of Mr. O, B. Ackerly) HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 163 about 1790-91. It was set up by David Frothingham* who had learned his trade in Boston and came here from New York about that date, starting a printing office, book store and bindery at the foot of Main St. near the L,anding, where he also published the first newspaper on the Island under the name of "Frothingham's Long Is land Herald", of which the first number was dated May 10, 1 791. It took for its motto "Eye nature's walks, shoot folly as it flies, — and catch the manners living as they rise". This paper for eleven years was delivered through the Island by a special post-rider employed by Frothingham. The first separate imprint from his press, so far as is known, was a small pamphlet entitled "Verses occasioned by the loss of the brig Sally, on Eaton's Neck, January 16, 1791, together with some reflections said to have been made by Capt. Keeler during the storm". It is to be hoped that the Captain was a pious man, but the pamphlet has not survived. J On June 2, 1802, Frothingham transferred the paper to Selleck Osborn, who changed the name to the Suf folk County Herald, but the management was not suc cessful, and sold out to a company who, in turn, sold to Alden Spooner in Feb. 1804, the name again being changed to the Suffolk Gazette,! He sold the Gazette May 25, 1810, but continued editing and publishing it until it stopped Feb. 23, 181 1, when he went to Brook lyn and bought the Long Island Star, which he edited until his death, Nov. 27, 1849. There was then no paper in Sag Harbor until Oct. 19, 1816, when Samuel A, Seabury started the Suffolk County Recorder, which became Oct, 18, 1817, the American Eagle and Suffolk County General Adver- * Tooker, Early Sag Harbor Printers, Sag Harbor Hist, Soe, Paper, 1902, He was the son of David Frothingham of Charlestown, Mass,, and had married, by a runaway match, Nancy Pell of Pel ham, dau. of Joseph Pell, Esq, She was afterward forgiven and some of his children adopted and educated by her family after Frothingham was lost at sea, X For list of Sag Harbor imprints see Appendix XV. ! Spooner had learned his trade with his cousin, Samuel Green, in New London and came to Sag Harbor when 21. His fiicst, issue was Feb. 20, 1804. 164 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON tiser, which lasted until Aug. 4, 1821, when the editor moved to Huntington. The Corrector, now the oldest newspaper in Suffolk County, was founded, Aug. 3, 1822, by Harry W. Hunt, and bought by the Hon. Brinley D. Sleight in 1B59, on July 14th of which year appeared the first number of the Ex press, founded and still edited by John H. Hunt.J X Sept. 16, 1826 the Republican Watchman was issued by Samuel Phillips but removed to Greenport about 1844. i|ipim H i Presbyterian Church, Sag Harbor CHAPTER VIII. THE REVOLUTION. For a long period now, the Town had been able to develop its life in peace, without fear of the Indian or foreign foe. It had, indeed, taken its share in the Crown Point expedition,* but the scene of that action was far from home and since the earlier day of Indian dangers, little save occasional visits from strange pirates had dis turbed the serenity of the East End.! Life flowed on it in its independent, hard working, simple fashion until, in 1774, began the mutterings of that storm which was soon to burst in greater fury and cause more havoc and personal suffering on the eastern end of Long Island than perhaps anywhere else in the country, and to alter individual and community relations for all time after. Events had already begun to move rapidly in Boston, and on June 17 of the above year, the inhabitants of East Hampton voted that they would, to the utmost of their * Capt. Elias Hand's Company numbered 97 (See Appendix XVI for this and an earlier Muster Roll of 1715). In 1756, the Governor offered a bounty for every able-bodied man and Capt. Hand's order for this money shows 93 volunteers accounted for. State Historians Rept. Col. Ser. Vol. I, p. 829. t At one time, when piracy was at its height, arms had been sent do'wn from New York to assist in the defence and it is possible that the two small field pieces, which the Town possessed when the Revolution broke out, may date from that earlier period. It is said that they were hung in the belfry of the church in Southampton village as weights to the Town clock, to prevent their falling into the hands of the British, One was removed from the belfry in 1843, the other having long been used in Fourth of July celebrations, Howell, Hist., p. 74. 166 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON abilities, assert and in a lawful manner defend the liber ties of America, On Nov. 15, the Suffolk County Com mittees of Correspondence met at Riverhead and recom mended to the several Towns that they should send sub scriptions for the distressed in Boston and procure a ves sel for that purpose. Southampton did its share in this patriotic duty of relief, and Capt, John Foster, of Sag Harbor, volunteered the use of his ship. On the 29th of April of the next year, following the battle of Lexington, Congress suggested the signing by aH citizens who were loyal to the cause of the Colonies, what were known as the Articles of Association, and these were promptly subscribed to by every male citizen capable of bearing arms in the Town of East Hampton and by all but two in the Town of Southampton, and these afterward signed according to Judge Hedges.* Only a few weeks later, many of the British warships having made Gardiner's Bay their rendezvous, the east ern Towns began to suffer from their raids after cattle and stores, more particularly the former, which were pastured in great numbers on Montauk, 2000 head of cat tle and between three and four thousand sheep being at the mercy of the enemy. A considerable number of men from these Towns were already serving in the militia elsewhere, and the following letter, dated Sept, 9, 1775, from East Hampton and Southampton in answer to one received from the New York Committee of Safety, de scribes the situation, " We would cheerfully com ply with your request in respect to raising two Com panies of Minute Men for the defence of the stock at Montauk, but we think it entirely out of our po-w^er, as we are but a small number of people here, and a consid- able part of our strength is already gone in the service. We have called a meeting of the Joint Committee of South and Easthampton this day, and have voted to call our Militia together in the Second Battalion, in order to enlist a Company, if possible, to send directly off to Mon tauk, as it is at present without even a soldier to guard it; and we are fearful we shall not have sufficient ammu- * For Articles and list of signers see Appendix XVII, Shore at Homes Hill British Earth Works, Southampton HISTORY OF 'THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 167 nition amongst us to fix out one company, and should General Gage's Troops come upon us in this destitute condition, we shall be absolutely under the disagreeable necessity of complying with their terms. Therefore, gentlemen, we must beg the favour that we may have two companies sent here as soon as possible. It is the opinion of General Wooster that we are in the most de fenceless condition of any part of this continent. By order of the Committee DAVID PEIRSON, Chairman".* To this appeal, the Committee of Safety was unable to send any encouragement in reply, writing that "we advise, that a number of men, not exceeding twenty-five, be placed upon Montauk, with orders to drive the cattle off in case a fleet appears We can say nothing to you on the subject of ammunition, farther than we are not able to supply you with any."! Later, however, the importance and difficulty of the matter being better ap preciated, a company under Capt. Hurlburt was stationed there, while the cattle and between two and three thou sand sheep from Fisher's and Gardiner's Islands- were removed to the mainland. In July, 1776, the Convention assured the Hamptons that the Montauk stock would be protected and also took measures to drive into the interior the horned cattle and sheep from other parts of the Island, the former esti mated at over a hundred thousand head and the latter at a much larger number, providing for their protection if possible, but requiring that they should be destroyed rather than be allowed to fall into the hands of the British, and, for the enforcement of the order, drafting one quarter of the Minute and Militia men. In connection with the Montauk problem it is inter esting to note that the people had also some cause to suspect the Indians there, for in 1798 Gardiner wrote that "in the year 17 — Sir AVillm. Johnson spent six ¦weeks with this tribe,^ — his business was of a private nature. During the American War these Indians were friends to the British Government; they frequently de- ? Force, American Archives, Ser. IV, Vol. Ill, p, 892, t Ibid, 168 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON tected deserters from the British troops at Southampton. To gain over these Indians as he had others might have been his business".* That it apparently was is evidenced by a report made by Col. Guy Johnson, who had suc ceeded his father as British Indian Agent, to Lord Ger main, in which he stated that he had visited the Mon tauks in 1777 and that "though few in number and sur rounded by a disaffected people they have offered their services to the home government, whenever the general shall please to make use of them".§ During that first summer, as shown in the following letter, there occurred in Southampton Village what is probably unique in the annals of war, the formation of a company, largely, if not entirely, made up of grandfath ers : "Southampton, Suffolk County, New York. July 23, 1776. "Last Monday afternoon was exhibited to view in this town a very agreeable prospect; the old gentlemen, grandfathers, to the age of seventy and upwards, met agreably to appointment, and formed themselves into an Independent Company. Each man was well equip ped with a good musket, powder, ball cartridges &c. and unanimously made choice of Elias Pelletreau, Esq. for their leader (with other suitable officers), who made a very animating speech to them on the necessity of hold ing themselves in readiness to go into the field in time of invasion "|| Meanwhile, Maltby Gelston had reported to Congress the formation of two companies from Southampton for Col. Smith's regiment with the following officers : 1st. Company. 2nd. Company. Capt. Zephaniah Rogers Capt. David Pierson ist. Lt. Nath'l. Howell, Jr. ist. Lt. John Foster, Jr. 2nd, Lt. Mathew Sayre 2nd, Lt. Abram Rose Ens Ens. Edward Topping! * Gardiner, Obs. on To^wn of East Hampton, p. 257. § Quoted in an article in the N. Y. Evening Post, Feb. 25, 1911. I have not located the original source of the reference. II Force, American Archives, Ser. V, Vol. I, p. 543. j- Letter dated Feb. 17, 1776. Cal. Hist, Mss, Rei. to War of Rev. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 169 There were a number of changes in companies and regiments, but on Feb. loth the "Eastern Regiment" re ported nine companies with 768 officers and men, of which two companies were from East Hampton, two from Bridgehampton, one jointly from Bridgehampton and Sag Harbor, and three from Southampton, This regiment was headed by Col, Mulford but a portion of it, as well as two other Suffolk regiments, was later merged into the regiment of JMinute Men under Col. Smith. It seems now to be definitely established that this regiment and at least a considerable part of the men en- (ed. 1868) Vol, I, p. 243. About July there is a list of Col. Smith's Regiment in which the officers of the first Company are given as Capt. Zephaniah Rogers; 1st. Lt,, Edward Topping; 2nd. Lt., Paul Jones; Sergts. Hugh Gelston, Tim Halsey, David Lupton; Corporals, Jehiel Howell, Elias Pierson, Jona. Cook. For Muster Roll see Ap pendix XVI. On Aug, 15,1775, the officers of the 2nd Regt, Suffolk County were given as follows: 1st Col. David Mulford 2nd Col. Jonathan Hedges 1st Maj. Uriah Rogers 2nd Maj, George Herrick Adjt. John Gelston Qr. Mr, Phineas Howell 1st Co,, (Southampton) 3rd Co,, (Bridgehampton) Capt. Da^vid Howell Capt, David Peirson 1st, Lt. Jeremiah Post 1st Lt. Daniel Hedges 2d. do. Paul Jones 2nd. do, David Sayre Ens. Zephaniah Rogers Ens. Theophilus Peirson 6th Co. 5th Co, (Southampton) (B'hampton & Sag Harbor) Capt. Stenhen Howell Capt. Wm. Rogers, Jr. 1st Lt. John White, Jr. 1st Lt. Jesse Hallsey 2nd Lt, Lemuel Wick 2nd Lt. Henry Halsey Ens. Isaiah Hallsey Ens. Nathaniel Rogers ^^ , , 8th Co. (Sag Harbor) 7th Co, (Southampton) Capt. Sam'l L'Hommedieu Capt Josiah Howell, Jr. 1st. Lt, SUas Jessup 1st Lt. Nathaniel Howell 2nd. do, Edward Concklmg 2d. do. Mathew Howell Ens, Daniel Fordham Ens. 'Wm. Stephens 9th Co. ("Bridgehampton) Capt. John Sandford 1st. Lt. Edward Topping 2nd. do. Phillin Howell Ens. John Hildreth Given in Mather. Refugees,' pp, 992 et seq. See also for Muster Rolls ibid pp. 1002 et seq. 170 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON rolled in it, took part in the battle of Long Island, which at one blow determined the fate of the East End during the entire remainder of the war.* When Washington re treated, necessary and wise as that retreat was from the military standpoint, the result was six years of incal culable and undeserved suffering for the people at this end of the Island. The western end was largely Tory in sentiment. Kings County not having signed the Associa tion at all, and Queens County but slowly and unwill ingly. It was not so, however, in Suffolk County, There the feeling was deep and strong in favor of the patriot cause and had been freely expressed. The battle left its inhabitants cut off from the rest of their fellow sympa thisers, the British army an impassable barrier, their own men largely scattered in the confusion following the re treat, and themselves and their property absolutely at the mercy of the enemy, with no possibility of resistance or defence. Surrendered as they were to the British at the end of August, but a few anxious weeks passed before Gov. Tryon made his hand felt and forced the oath of allegi ance to the English Crown, in a most obnoxious form, upon all those who, for one reason or another, could not escape to their friends on the main land. The unfor tunate people who had been so quick to send help to the cause in Boston, and who ever since by word and deed had, with practically no dissenting voice in the two en tire townships, aided it in every way possible, now aban doned by their friends and with no refusal possible, were forced to take the following oath : "Ido swear upon the Evangelist of Almighty God, that I hold true and faithful ¦ allegiance to his Majesty King George the Third of Great Britain, his heirs and successors; and hold an utter ab horrence of congresses, rebellions &c. ; and do promise never to be concerned in any manner with his Majesty's rebellious subjects in America. So help me God" I A joint meeting was held by the men of the two Towns at Sagg on September 14, 1776, to endeavor * Johnston estimates 250. Campaign of 1776 around New York and Brooklyn, p. 131. sts HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 171 to secure a mitigation of the terms of the oath, but to no avail. Col. Abraham Gardiner was chosen, and forced, to administer the oath to the people of the Towns, and it is said that after surrounding their respective houses at Sagg and East Hampton, he forced Cols. Jonathan Hedges and David Mulford both to take it, although all three afterward became refugees. As to the ethical case involved in this oath extorted by force, I leave the matter in the hands of Judge Hedges, who wrote of it as follows : "What should they do? Take the oath and live? Re fuse and die? They took the oath, but in heart were as devoted to their country and as hostile to their oppres sors as before. This is a subject avoided by writers but fidelity to historic truth demands expression. When resi dents of Sag Harbor and the Hamptons took this oath, as they in fact did, they reasoned thus : Refusing I die with no benefit to my family, friends or country's cause ; living, I may be a help to all, ministering to aged par ents, to sick and dying of family and friends, protector of wives, sisters and children from brutal assaults on their purity and honor. In law and morals, fraud or force annuls a deed or contract, and undue influence voids a will, and why not an oath ? To hold an oath pro cured by force valid, is to hold force the law and above the right. When Col. Gardiner as commissioner, with a company, surrounded the house of Col. Jonathan Hedges of Sagg, and at the point of the bayonet com pelled the old hero to take the oath, what else could he do? What else could Col, Hedges do? It was this or death. They were both known as patriots then and after. If Col. Gardiner did not compel Col. Hedges and others to take the oath, he was liable to all the penalties of martial law, just as Col. Hedges was if he did not take it. At this very time, Nathaniel Gardiner, son of Col. Gardiner, was a surgeon in the .American Army, and served as such until the end of the war". The power of the enemy was not felt in words alone, however. On Sept. 5. 1776. David Gelston, one of the most noted men the Town has ever produced, and who 172 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON was throughout the war most active in assisting the refugees and ameliorating their condition, wrote to the New York State Convention, from Saybrook : "Can only tell you the distresses which I hourly see and hear from Long Island, are beyond my power to describe".* Troops were soon quartered on the Towns, Lord Erskine making his headquarters in the old Pelletreau house in Southampton and doing something to restrain his subordinates and men until his resignation,t but Bridgehampton and occasionally Sag Harbor suffered from the presence of the notorious Major Cochrane, whose headquarters for long periods were at Sagg, and who seemed to love cruelty for its own sake. Judge Hedges expresses the traditional view of him when he wrote "No man more vile, no man more brutal ; no mem ory more execrated has passed down in the traditions of these Towns, concerning that period than his."! To such an extent did people suffer that "to call any one a Hessian was the lowest, vilest epihet that could be be stowed". It is curious that even today, a hundred and forty years later, I have heard boys not yet in their teens, fling the word at one another as an expression bf op- probium. In spite of some research, I have been unable * Letter from David Gelston to the N. Y. Convention, Sept. 5, 1776. Journ. N. Y. Prov. Congress, 1775-7, Vol, II, p. 228. David Gelston was born July 7, 1744, died Aug. 21, 1828; was one of the petitioners for a wharf at Sag Harbor 1770; signed the Ar ticles of Association 1775; was member of the 2d, 3d, and 4th Pro vincial Congresses, 1775-7, the latter being empowered to establish a new form of govemment. The Committee of Safety appointed him to be one of a Committee to procure accounts of the vessels carrying refugees from Long Island, and he was also a member of the Committee to report on a method of reimbursing the State for its expenses therein. In 1780 he was one of the Commissioners to raise specie to r'edeem the bills emitted and was also a member of the Constitutional Convention of 1777; member of Assembly 1777-85; Speaker of that body 1784-5; member of the Council of Appointment 1792-3; Senator from the Southern District 1791-4; 1798 and 1802; Canal Commissioner 1792; deleeate to U, S. Con gress 1788; Surrogate of New York County 1787-1801, and Col lector of the Port of New York 1801-20. He was a son of Deacon Gelston and the old Gelston house is still standing on the east side of Butter Lane, Bridgehampton, % It is said his coming prevented the use of the Southampton Church as a stable. Howell, Hist, p, 75, t Hedges, Centennial Address. David Gelston From "The RefuRces of 1776 from L. I. to Conn." Old Gelston House, Bridgehampton From "The Eefugees of 1776 from L. I. to Conn." HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 173 to locate the names or numbers of the regiments quar tered here. In 1779, General McDougall reported to Gov, Clinton that "it is certain theire are 14 (Companies of Light Infantry at Southampton and it's very seldom that the Battalion is sent on remote Service, from its flank Companies". t In Sag Harbor their barracks were located on Madison St. just off Sage St. in a building since moved, while the officers were in the house of James Howell, which stood on the site of the American House until burned in the fire of 1845, || They also had a small fort standing on the crown of the hill, partly within the enclosure of the Old Burying Ground, and in Southampton another small one of earthwork most of which latter is still standing a few hundred feet north west of the Union School Building, In the latter part of 1778, the British troops here were evidently fairly numerous, and this part of the Is land was being counted on as a possible base for attacks on the mainland, for on Sept, 15th Gen. Sir Henry Clin ton wrote to Lord George Germain that "I detached Major General Tryon some time ago to the East End of Long Island to secure the cattle on that Part, in which situation he could either reinforce Rhode Island, or make a descent on Connecticut as circumstances might occur, and Transports for 4000 Men were laying then in the Sound and that number of Troops ready for embarka tion on the shortest notice", ! Gardiner's Bay also served as a rendezvous for the British fleet (between East Hampton and Gardiner's Is land), where "Vice Admiral Arbuthnot lay with 11 ships of the line in the summer of 1780 and in the winter of 1781, From this Bay he sent out four ships to watch the movements of the French fleet when the CuUoden a fine 74 Gun ship was lost on Muntock and the Bedford was dis masted — this was in the winter of 1781. The other two ships went clear of Muntock point to sea and lived thro' the snow storm and gale of wind"* " t Papers of Gov. Clinton, Vol. IV, p. 599. II At that time said to be the oldest house in Sag Harbor. t Stevens' Facsimiles of Mss. in European Archives, Number 1152. ¦* Gardiner, Obs. on the Town of East Hampton, p, 227. 174 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Besides the personal indignities and insults that the inhabitants were liable to suffer at any moment from the enemy, their property of all kinds, particularly, of course, their crops and other food, was constantly requisitioned, promises to pay being given in exchange, which the British Government later repudiated. In 1783, Sir Guy Carleton appointed a Board of Commissioners for the purpose of adjusting demands, but they sailed without doing anything and the claims were never paid,! If the inhabitants fled, to escape suffering or to join their friends on the mainland, then their entire property was liable to be confiscated, as is shown by the following sample list.* "Estimate of real Estate in the County of Suffolk belonging to persons in actual Rebellion. Nathl, Furdon [Fordham] A farm 40 acres Value £2000 John Foster " 100 " " 800 Silas Jessup " 200 " " 1200 Abel Gilston " 250 " " 2000 David Gelston " 140 " " 1000 Obadiah Jones " 120 " " 900 Uriah Rogers Town Lot 10 " " 500 Zebulon Cooper " 20 " " 600 Abraham Cooper A Farm 100 " " 1000 Elias Pelletreau " 125 " " 1200" In spite of this, however, great numbers abandoned their homes, or left them under the care of such as could not leave, for one reason or another, and fled to Connec ticut, This was not only in accord with their own feel ings but with the recommendations of the Convention which voted on August 29, 1776, immediately after the disaster at Brooklyn, that the inhabitants should "re move as many of their women, children and slaves, and t The orders were of the following form for Suffolk County: "You are hereby ordered to preserve, for the King's use, loads of hay, bushels of wheat, of oats of rye, of barley, of Indian corn, and all your wheat and rye straw, and not to dispose of the same , but to my order, and in writing, as you will answer the contrary at your peril". * Auckland Mss. King's College, Cambridge. Steven's Facsim iles, Number 1233. I give above only the names in Southampton Township. A RE.M.\RKACLE DE'EAM,- OK. VISION, ' WSivJi WJS «vc.;.:-.c£.I o.! -Jie night ti' I'.-.i icih Nf.y, J;?.;- £r J J RON IVJRXEll, of Plyraou.il (Cjej ) v;ho iieuSio:. 3, iSoJ, ^ ''%/j/V nmaikM- Dre^vn -wss left^ at Mr, K ^'^Marntr'-s deaib, in his ituii band^^hig' \ Title Page of Warner's Dream (Original in Possession of Mr. O. B. Ackerly) HIS'TORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 175 as much of their live stock and grain, to the main as they can; and that this Convention will pay the expense of removing the same". This was not wholly out of sympathy for the unfor tunate inhabitants, but largely to reduce the supplies which otherwise would serve to support the British, for the people could raise nothing to feed or clothe themselves, which might not likewise feed or clothe the enemy, and it was this unfortunate situation to which was due a great part of their sufferings, as it caused them to be harried by friends and foes alike. Dr. Buell wrote from East Hampton, Sept. 22, 1776, that "the people are as a torch on fire at both ends, which will be speedily con sumed, for the Continental whigs carry off their stock and produce, and the British punish them for allowing it to go, Hopes the Whigs will not oppress the op pressed, but let the stock alone," The battle occurred August 27th, the Convention acted on the 29th,, and on Sept, 15th there is an entry "wharves at Sag Harbor crowded with immigrants,"* So hasty was the flight in some cases that it is said that bread mixed on Long Island was baked in Connecticut.! The various authorities in that state. Town and other, promptly made such arrangements as they could to re ceive the influx of refugees and their goods, and these, after being carried over the Sound, were scattered mainly through the towns and villages of Saybrook, Stonington, Haddam, East Haddam, Guilford, (Chester, Canterbury, Middletown and Wethersfield, Owing to the fact that the accounts of the captains of the boats which ferried the refugees over were audited and paid by the New York authorities, they have been preserved and give us a vivid picture of the exodus. t Thus, for a trip of Sept. 2, 1776, Capt, Zebulon Cooper turned in a bill for transporting 94 persons; on a third trip he had 63 passengers, 10 cows, 2 horses, 30 sheep, 17 hogs, and 33 loads of household goods; on a fourth trip, 30 cattle, 150 sheep, 2 loads of goods, and 8 * Onderdonk, Rev. Incidents in Kings and Suffolk Counties, t Mather, Refugees, p. 261, X Mather, Refugees, passim. 176 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON passengers. For service between Sept, 5th and Oct. loth, Capt, Griffeth put in a bill for transporting John I-Iand, Jr., and a load of goods to East Haddan, Ryall Howell and Sylvanus Howell and 3 load-s of goods to the same place, Thomas Topping and a load of goods to Saybrook, Nathaniel Huntting to the same place with 4 loads. Deacon Maltby Gelston to East Haddam with 5 loads, and, again, with six in his family and 2 hogs, as \A'ell as two additional trips for the Deacon with 34 and 14 head of cattle and 3 more loads of household goods. And so the examples might be multiplied indefinitely. Many of them made a number of trips at first, and probably considered their exile but temporary. No one could foresee the long years the war was to last, and even if it should last longer than they anticipated, they probably expected no difficulty in returning should need arise. But as the situation gradually developed, with the rise of the "illicit trade" and other dangers due to intercourse with the enemy, the authorities forbade and prevented such returnings, except as occasionally granted in individual cases. Sometimes the ap'plica- tions were favorably acted upon, as when it was voted, Dec. 2, 1778, that the wife of Col. Jonathan Hedges "be permitted to return to Long Island to reside there with one daughter aged about 15 years and one son aged about 9 years ; and that one of his sons be permitted to -go over to Long Island to fetch off some grain under the inspection and direction of one justice of the peace and two of the selectmen of Stonington" These pre cautions were adopted in practically all cases, even where the loyalty of the individuals was unquestioned. Thus we find, on another date, (May 22, 1779'!, that it was "voted that Cols. John Hulbert, Theophilus How ell, [Lt.] David Sayer, and [Capt.] Stephen Howell be permitted to pass with a boat to Long Island and to bring off some grain provided they first apply to Capt. Shipman, commandant at the fort at Say Brook, to search said boat and see that no goods, provisions or money are on board at the time of departure, and on their return they shall exhibit to said Shipman a true The Mill and Its Miller, Bridgehampton HISTORY OF TFIE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 177 manifest of the grain they shall have brought from said Long- Island in said boat".* The people of Connecticut undoubtedly did what they could for the sufferers, but without homes, without opportunity to work at their trades or accustomed occu pations, with insufficient money to last the years of the war, with their properties on the Island falling into de cay or ruined by the enemy, in many cases with the heads of the family killed or in the army, their plight was pitiable and it is hard to determine which suffered most, those who remained at home or those who fled by the advice of the Convention, Among the documents are many which tell the sad story, as when Dr. Silas Halsey petitions that he may be permitted to return from Killingworth to his home, for ¦'since his residence in said Town he hath lost his wife, and his family left in Broken Circumstances, that he is in no business whereby to Subsist his Family and hath expended almost everything he brought with him and by the present enhanced price of the necessary articles of Subsistence cannot any longer support himself and family unless he may be permitted to return", Joseph Top ping among many others, likewise petitions, saying "that the Property he brought with him is nearly expended and he hath a Family consisting of a Wife and Six Child ren which he can discern no way to support here much longer, that he hath a Farm and an Aged Father on Long Island, who want his Service & his Assistance &c", and these examples could be many times multiplied. It has been estimated that Long Island lost $500,000 worth of property during the British occupation, and after the war the unusual sums voted in poor relief, changes in the ownership of land, and the enormous number of mortgages placed, all bear witness to the same story of suffering, impoverishment and death. In spite of this, the new state of New York, casting about for ways to raise money, levied a tax of $37000 upon the Island because it had not been in a position to take an active part in the war, . * Mather, Refugees, from which work all the quotations rela tive to the refugees are taken, and which is a mine of documentary material bearing on this matter. 178 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON There were no military operations of any importance at the East End, and this chapter, therefore, can merely describe the conditions resulting from the war, together with some of the illustrative personal anecdotes which I have placed at its end. To this general statement, how ever, there was one brilliant exception, that of Col, Meigs' Sag Harbor expedition which, while small in it self, lit up some of the darkest days of the Revolution, coming as it did just at the moment when some victory was needed to put new heart into the American cause. The Rev, Mr, Prime, from his residence here only thirty years later, and from the opportunity which he had of getting the facts from those personally familiar with them, (notably Deacon John "White, of Sagg, who was with the attacking party), was in an unusual position to get the exact truth, and I therefore quote his account verbatim. The expedition was conducted, of course, in 1777, and was for the purpose of destroying stores col lected by the British at the Harbor. "Embarking at New Haven, on the 21st of May, in whale boats,* he was compelled by the roughness of the Sound", wrote Mr, Prime, "to hold the Connecticut shore, till the 23rd. In the afternoon of that day, he left Guilford, with 170 men, in whale boats, under the con voy of two armed sloops, and arrived at Southold about sunset. Taking 130 men, and transporting their boats across the northern branch of the Island he embarked on the bay, for Sag Harbor, where he arrived after mid night, and landing at the foot of the beach, about two miles above the village. There concealing his boats in the bushes, and leaving a few men for a guard, he proceeded towards the Harbor. At the house now oc cupied by Mr. Silas Edwards, which was used as a hos pital, he seized two men, who were taking care of the sick whom he used as guides, and whom he threatened with instant death, for the least failure in executing his requirements. Under their direction, he was led to the ? These whaleboats which figured largely in what was kno^wn as the whale boat warfare, were nicknamed "shaving mills" when used in the illicit trade. Adventures of Christopher Hawkins, p. 135. Hampton Ho-ase, Bridgehampton The Old Atlantic House, Bridgehampton (.Vow torn liciw n ) HISTORY OF 'THE TOH'N OF SOUTHAMP'TON 179 quarters of the commanding officer, whom he arrested and secured, while lying in his bed. At this juncture, an alarm was given, and a single shot was fired from an armed vessel, which, however, was not repeated from the inability to determine the cause of the alarm. An outpost was immediately carried, with fixed bayonets, and the land forces secured. He then proceeded to the shipping at the wharf; where, after being exposed to the fire of an armed schooner of 12 guns, and 70 men for nearly an hour, he completely effected the object of the expedition. In a short time, 12 brigs and sloops, one of which carried 12 guns were enveloped in flames, and with them 120 tons of hay, 10 hogsheads of rum, and a large quantity of grain and merchandize were com pletely destroyed. Of the enemy, 6 were killed, and 90 taken prisoners. The same day. Col, Meigs embarked for Guilford, where he arrived, after an absence of only 25 hours, during which he had transported his troops, alternately by land and water, a distance of 90 miles, without the loss of a single man.* The whaleboats mentioned above, and many of which were used in the so-called "whale-boat warfare", were sharply built craft from twenty to thirty feet long, using from four to thirty oars each. They were duly commissioned by the government to cruise against Eng lish shipping, but were limited in their operations to high water mark. This limit was passed, however, as the war lasted on and many crews became mere freebooters, plundering friend and foe alike, and many complaints oc cur of their depredations. % In many of the older houses about here there are still evidences of the Hessian occupation to be seen- in the way of mutilated furniture,! pictures carved in the ? Prime, Hist., p. 210. X See, e. g. "Memorial from the Inhabitants of Southold and Shelter Id, to Gov. Clinton Depicting the Outrages Committed Under Cover of Commissions Issued by Gov. Trumbull, Southold Sepr 21st 1781," Gov, Clinton Papers, Vol, VII, pn. 343 et seq. (A long list of outrages committed at Shelter Id., Southampton and Southold.) t Residence of Mr, A. M. Cook, Hayground. 180 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON woodwork! and so on, and many traditions have come down of the minor personal events and sufferings of those days, Capt, Elias Henry Halsey of Bridgehampton, was captain of a privateer brig, lying in New London harbor at the time of the battle of Groton, in which Capt, Hal sey took part and in which he met his death, his name appearing on the monument there. The following ac count of his part in the fight is from a contemporary narrative of an eye-witness, "As soon as he (the enemy) got on level ground we were prepared to salute them with a gun that took in an eighteen pound ball, but was then loaded with two bags of grape shot, Capt, Elias Henry Halsey directed the gun, and took aim at the enemy. He had practised on board of privateers and he did his duty well. I was present with him and others near the gun, and when the shot struck the enemy it cleared a wide space in their solid column. It was reported on good authority that about twenty men were killed and wounded by that charge of grape shot."* Capt. Daniel Havens, Jan. 31, 1779, assisted in cap turing the British brig Ranger of 12 guns, one of those which infested the Sound, plundering the coast, and which at the time of capture, was lying at the wharf at Sag Harbor. On the following day he made a bold at tempt, with others, on seven more vessels which put into port, but was unsuccessful.! His nephew John Sawyer, of Sag Harbor, had been taken prisoner at sea and kept on board the frigate Maidstone with Christopher Haw-- kins, another young American lad, both escaping while the vessel lay at New York, and making their way to the Harbor where they were sheltered by Capt. Havens, a^ told in Hawkins' Adventures, Hawkins was again cap tured later, placed in the Jersey prison ship, escaped stark naked, and again made his way to the Harbor and safety. Young Sawyer sailed in a privateer and cap tured a British vessel off Montauk, being put on board X Residence of Mr, E, J, Thompson, Sagg, ? Rufus Avery's Mss, Narrative in Allyn's Battle of Groton Heights, p, 33, t Adventures of Christopher Hawkins, p, 185, Captain Austin House, Sagaponack L. Page Topping House, Sagaponack HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 181 with the prize crew. The captured crew rose, however, and Sawyer, who was in the rigging at the time, was shot dead. Of Capt, David Hand, mentioned in the last chapter, Judge Hedges wrote that he "started to go in the ex pedition with Montgomery, became sick at Albany and returned. He afterwards followed the seas on priva teers; was taken prisoner by the British five times; was impressed in service and escaped; was in the Sugar House, at the Wallabout, and in the prison ships. A man of indomitable courage and spirit. He it was who when robbed and plundered of his clothing, and denied his wages by the commander of a British vessel, indig nantly said to the Captain, "All I ask now is to begin at your taffrail and fight the whole ship's crew forward and die like a man", ! They took him to Halifax "and he footed it home across New England in winter. After tramping through slush all day, he came to a house and thought he had taken his last step on earth, but he fell in with kind folks and they nursed him and the woman warmed his bed, sprinkling sugar in the warming pan to take the cold out of his bones. He told her that his mother never did that for him, 'Ah' she said, 'your mother never saw you as I see you now'," "One night as he was foddering corn up, Maj, Coch rane rode into his yard and ordered him to hitch up his team and cart a load from Southampton, He told him he wouldn't as he had turned out his team and he wouldn't hitch them up again, Cochrane drew his sword and pranced around the yard ordering him to hitch up. The old man put for him with his pitch fork and said to him, 'I have fastened to many a whale and I'll fasten to you if you don't get out of here'. 'Well', said Cochrane, 'Mr. Hand, I guess you and I had better be friends'."* t Hedges, Centennial Address, p. 15. ? C, H. Hildreth in News, Sept. 3, 1909. Another, although not a Revolutionary story told of him relates that at one time he was in some South American port with his ship and a Spanish ship of war was there also. The crews of the two ships met on shore and quarrelled over some game or other, Capt. Hand taking the part ' of his men and the Spanish officer of his, with the result that the 182 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Among local incidents, it is recalled that Maj. Coch rane once had a peaceable and inoffensive man, WiUiam Russell by name, tied up and whipped till the blood ran down to his feet, and this with no adequate provoca tion."* Again, speaking of the British, Howell says, "Cattle were wantonly carried off, forage seized without pay ment, loose property appropriated and even furniture in their dwellings demolished. They came to the house of Mr. Lemuel Pierson and turned him out. Against their orders, he was determined to carry off some of his furniture, and although they stood over him with drawn sword, he persisted and gained his point. At another time, they came to his house to secure any plunder that might offer itself. Mrs. Pierson was alone in the house with young children, but nothing daunted, met them at the door with a kettle of hot water and threatened to scald the first man who attempted to enter her doors; and the British thinking discretion the better part of valor, quietly retreated".! A similar story is told of a woman of the Hildreth family on Mecox Road.t "At another time, a number of British soldiers, with blackened faces and coats turned inside out, came to the house of Mr. Edward Topping.jl Mr. Topping was awakened by the noise and seizing his gun, ran to de- officer challenged Capt, Hand to a duel. He accepted and appeared with his mate as his second, at the spot selected, early the follow ing morning. As the challenged party, he had the choice of weap ons and had chosen whaling irons (harpoons with their lines at tached well sharpened.) One was handed to the astonished of ficer, Capt. Hand took the other, walked back a short distance, balanced his weapon carefully and prepared to strike. The officer knew not what to do with his, and when he saw the Captain feel ingly balancing the long harpoon and heard him call out to the mate, "When I fasten, haul in slack", he turned and fled. ? Howell Hist. p. 75. Pierson & Hildreth had a spider legged mill on the corner of Chas. S. Rogers lot by the Sagg schoolhouse. It was to the wheel of this mill that Russell was tied and "Henry Squires grandmother was a girl and lived near the schoolhouse and saw the whipping. She said the blood was running down to Rus sell's heel=." C. H. Hildreth, News, Aug. 20, 1909. t Howell, Hist, p, 76, X News, Jan, 21, 1910, II The Augustus Corwith house. Main St, and Corwith Ave,, Bridgehampton, Presbyterian Church, Bridgehampton HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 183 fend his castle from the intruders. A window was raised from the outside, and a man appeared about to make his entrance. Mr. Topping commanded him to retire and threatened to shoot if he persisted. No attention was paid to his warning, however, and as the man climbed in, he shot and the soldier fell back dead. He was car ried off by his comrades, and the next morning word was sent to Gen. Erskine at Southampton. He came over to Bridgehampton, investigated the affair, and hav ing learned the facts, said to the British soldiers around him : 'Is that one of your best men? Dom him', (kicking the body), 'take him down to the ocean and bury him below high watermark.' And so ended the affair, which under Maj. Cochrane, might have had for Mr, Topping a more tragical termination".* Another story of Maj, Cochrane, is that when at Sagg, he took a young boy and had him shot or pre tended to shoot at him as a mark. The mother in her dis tress sent an old servant to ask for him. Cochrane re leased the lad, and ordered the slave to be tied up in the same place, calling him a black limping devil and act ually continued to shoot at him at intervals throughout the afternoon,! A pleasanter story is told of Gen, Erskine, who is said to have been "riding along the Sagg road one day, when he met a lad on a load of hay, and he began to banter the boy about being a young rebel. But he soon found that the boy had a sharp tongue and a sturdy spirit, and he manfully stood up for the rights of the Americans, Gen, Erskine rode on amused and yet impressed. Not long afterwards he resigned his commission and returned to England, and he owned that his talk with that boy had much to do with convincing him of the injustice of Eng land's position and the impossibility of subduing the col onists whose children showed such determination,"! Many more incidents might be given, but, like those noted above, they were of such a nature as might have occurred anywhere at that period where a hostile army * Howell, Hist, p, 75, t Hedges, Centennial Address. X News, Jan. 21, 1910, 184 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON of occupation was in possession of the land. Enough have been given to suggest conditions as they existed on the East End during the war. After its close, the ma jority of those who had been in exile returned to pick up, as far as might be, the broken threads of their lives. Many however, had died, either from disease, or in the service of their country, not a few, during the years of enforced absence had made new ties and settled else where, all who returned faced heavy losses and many changes, and it must have been long years before life could have resumed its normal aspect. CHAPTER IX. THE WAR OF 1812. A little less than a generation after the events nar rated in the last chapter, the people of America were again called to arms. In 1803 war had broken out be tween England and France, and "in two years time al most the whole carrying trade of Europe was in Ameri can hands." Our merchant marine increased enorm ously, as did, of course, likewise the commercial pros perity of all our seaports, I cannot here go into the de tailed story of the measures taken by the European bel ligerents to thwart this neutral trade with their several opponents, the paper blockades. Orders in Council, the Napoleonic decrees of Berlin and Milan, nor into the subject of our own Embargo Acts and others, passed in self defence. Suffice it to say that on the 19th of June, 1812, a state of war was proclaimed by President Madi son as existing between the United States and Great Britain, and that the struggle lasted until the 24th of December two years later. The conditions which finally resulted in the rupture between the two countries had been peculiarly galling to the people at the East End, particularly the inexcusable policy of impressing American seamen pursued by Eng land both in the War of the Revolution and in the suc ceeding years. Between 1796 and 1802 the United States had found it necessary to demand through its agent in London, the release of 1940 American citizens who had been impressed by Great Britain and forced to 186 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON serve on her ships.* Not only the carrying trade, but the whaling industry of Sag Harbor had been rapidly in creasing since the Revolution and Southampton's in terest in the seas of the world was becoming almost as great as in her fertile fields and abundant woods. In the last chapter, we noted the impressment of a Sag Harbor lad, John Sawyer, but this was not an iso lated case, and as they became more frequent and as the roll of husbands, fathers, and sons seized in foreign ports or on the high seas and forced to serve in the English ships became steadily longer, the exasperation of the people increased as steadily,! Lewis Osborne, of East Hampton, John Strong of Wainscott, Reuben Hedges, John Gann, Benjamin Miller and Joshua Penny are among the names which have come down to us of the men thus seized who had sailed from Sag Harbor, and of the last of these we have a complete account in a rare little pamphlet printed by Alden Spooner in 1815.! Born in Southold, Penny was apprenticed at the age of fourteen to Dr. John Gardiner, but wishing to go to sea, his indenture was cancelled at the end of the first year and he then shipped on various voyages to ports on the Atlantic coast, Guadaloupe, and the West Indies, spending a year also with the Indians in the interior of Georgia. He then sailed from Savannah to Cork, was in Ireland in 1798, sailed in an African slaver to Jamaica and was there impressed and forced to serve, with four other Americans, on the British frigate Alligator, which took him to England. There he was transferred to the sixty-four gun frigate Stately, which formed part of the squadron which sailed to the Cape of Good Hope and captured South Africa from the Dutch, No attention was paid to his "protection" as an American seaman and he was not allowed to communicate with an .\merican ? Cambridge Modern History, Vol, VII, p. 329. X The following is from the Long Island Herald of Apl. 19, 1797: "The schooner Peggy, Stephen Hall, master, on his passage from Curacoa to this port was boarded by a British armed brig be longing to Jamaica and had three of his men pressed, Capt. Hall was sick at the time, and was under the necessity of putting into Cape Nicola Mole, as he could not na'vigate his vessel home for want of hands," • t Life and Adventures of Joshua Penny. The copy which I used is in the library of the Long Island Historical Society, •- ^"OT'^^ The Surf, Bridgehampton HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 187 consul. He was next forced to serve on land, escaped and went over to the Dutch, being recaptured at Cape Town and after being imprisoned as a deserter, was again impressed and served on various British ships of war, in one of which he was flogged until he fainted. Being ill, he was sent to the hospital at Table Mountain, w-hence he again escaped and lived alone in the wilds of the mountains for thirteen months, finally reaching Cape Town dressed in skins. At last, after many more adven tures he reached Southold after an absence of eleven and a half years, burning with the desire to wreak vengeance of some sort upon his captors, and his attempt to do so will be noted later in the present chapter, ^leanwhile, war, as the only alternative to passive submission had been looming steadily larger and in 1810 the United States let the contract for building the old Arsenal in Sag Harbor, which stood on Union Street until demolished during the latter half of Cleveland's first administration,* War was declared in June,! and on July 13th Gov. ? The contract was made June 15, 1810, between Henry P, Der ing, Agent on the part of the U, S. for the fortifications at Sag Harbor and Henry B. Havens master mason and Eliab Byram mas ter carpenter. The cost was $1810. The contract is given in the Express of Sept. 9, 1886. t On June 27, 1812, Gen. Rose -wrote to Maj. Blackwell, from Bridgehampton as follows: "Sir: in compliance with yours of the 18th inst. I would recommend Jeremiah Miller as Junior Major for the late detachment; as the Commander in Chief has assigned a Lt. Col. from Gen'l Jackson's Brigade, thought it likely both Majors would be taken from my Brigade. If that should be thought ex pedient I would also name Nathaniel Smith as flrst Major. "The number of men detached from my brigade is 290 including officers. Have arranged them into four companies and made the assignment as follows: "From Col. Wickham's Regt, 68 Non C. officers and privates. Officers assigned — Capt. David Hedges, Lt. David Hedges, Ens, Le'^ Howell. "Col. Moore's Regt, 66 Non C, officers and privates. Assigned — Capt. Noah Terry, Lt. Jabez Corwin, Ens, Joshua Fleet. Col, Sat- tcrly's Regt. 65 Non C. officers and privates. Assigned — Capt, John R. Satterly, Lt. John Woodhull, Ens. Lewis Rich. Col. Floyd's Regt. 79 Non C. officers and privates. Assigned — Capt. John Vail, Lieut. Samll, Skidmore, Ens, Theodorus Weeks , ." Rose Mss. Throughout this chapter I quote much of the Rose papers as most of them have not before been printed except partially in the Ex press in various issues in 1886. The papers are in the possession of Mrs. J. B. Brown. 188 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Tompkins wrote to Gen. Rose at Bridgehampton that "500 muskets, 500 setts of accoutrements, 1000 flints, lOOOo rounds of fixed ammunition, one Iron nine pound Cannon on Field Carriage with all needful apparatus, 100 nine pound balls, 100 three pound balls, 6 quarter casks of powder and one coil of slowmatch" were being shipped to Sag Harbor.* A few days later he wrote to Maj. Gen, Stephens, asking him to dispense with the draft at that place as the soldiers there were "indispensable for the security of that exposed part of our Frontier" and should not be called to New York,! On August 26 a company of Foot Artillery was or dered to Sag Harbor to protect the Arsenal and stores, while other troops were sent to various points on the East End for the defence of Suffolk County under the command of Gen. Rose of Bridgehampton,! On the 22nd of the following month a number of men who were exempt from military duty, living in Sag Har bor and nearby, offered their services for the protection of the Harbor against invasion, and were formed into an Artillery Company by the state, with John Jermain as Captain, and Elisha Prior, Cornelius Sleight and Thomas Beebe, Lieutenants, § The week before. General Rose had issued Brigade Orders that the "company of artillery commanded by Capt. Lodowick Post parade at Sag Harbor on Thurs day the 24th inst., at 2 o'clock P, M, to be stationed at that port in such manner as may then be directed, for the protection of the arsenal and manning the cannon sta tioned at that place. That the company of infan try detached from Col. Wickham's regiment com manded by Capt. David Hedges be stationed at Montauk on the same day and that the com- ? Tompkins Papers, Vol. Ill, p, 32, On Dec. 31 he wrote to H, P. Dering asking him to take charge of the government stores at the Harbor, Ibid, p, 217, t Tompkins Papers, Vol, III, p, 36, X Genl. Orders, Aug. 26, 1812, Tompkins Papers, Vol, I, p. 386. Gen, Rose was assigned to the 33d Brigade of Infantry Apl, 13, 1812, Ibid, p, 626. He was bom 1765 and died Aug, 22, 1843. He was a Presidential Elector in 1840, as Hugh Halsey was in 1844 and Judge A. T, Rose in 1848, all of Bridgehampton. § General Orders, Tompkins Papers, Vol, I, p, 406, Shore near Sag Harbor HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 189 pany of infantry detached from Col. Moore's regiment, commanded by Capt. Noah Terry be stationed at Oyster Ponds in the Town of Southold at the direction of Major B. Case, who is hereby authorized to procure such houses, parts of houses or barns for the accommodation of said company as may be necessary, with as little in convenience to the inhabitants as possible."! The following summer the British fleet appeared in Gardiner's Bay, under command of Sir Thomas Hardy, a brave man and gallant gentleman, best known to most, perhaps, as the friend of Admiral Nelson, to whose com mand he succeeded after the fatal wounding of the latter at the battle of Trafalgar, From the time of the first appearance of the fleet the danger of attack and invasion was ever present, and on May ist General Rose was or dered by the Commander in Chief .to call together the Field and Staff officers of the most easterly regiment and arrange alarm signals with them, places of rendez vous in case of attack, to consider methods of arming the people and to take any other measures to repel in vasion. Henry P, Dering was to have charge of the sig nals at Sag Harbor in case a landing should be at tempted at that place.* In accordance with General Orders received, Gen. Rose issued the following Brigade Orders, which de scribe the precautions taken by him : "Bridgehampton, May 14th, 1813. "In pursuance of general orders of the 14th inst. the Brigadier General by and with the advice of the field and staff officers of Col. Wickham's regiment, has adopted the following regulations in case of invasion or other emergency. "Upon approach of the enemy at Sag Harbor in case no troops are there stationed, Henry P. Dering, Esq., will speedily give notice to Gen'l. Rose and to Col. Wiek ham and will also give an alarm at Sag Harbor by caus ing to be fired three minute guns and with the intermis sion of three minutes to repeat the same which signals will be given in East Hampton under the direction oj t Rose Mss. Dated Bridgehampton, Sept. 17, 1812. * General Orders, dated "Headquarters, Sagg Harbour, May 1st, 1813." Tompkins Papers, Vol. I, p. 442. 190 HIS'TORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Col, Wiekham; in Bridgehampton by Mr, Stephen Sayre, and in Southampton by Maj, Foster. "If an invasion should happen at Montauk when no troops are stationed there, Mr, Elisha Parsons is di rected to give notice to Col, Wiekham, who will forward same at once and signals of alarm will be given, "Upon the signal of alarm or other notice of invas ion, the companies composing and within the limits of Col, Wickham's regiment will immediately_ rally and re pair to the following points, viz : Capt. Hand's and Capt, Scoy's companies at Col, Wickham's, Capt. L. Post's company of artillery, Capt, Jermain's company of exempts, and Capt. Huntting's company of infantry at the fort at Sag Harbor. Capt, Hedges', Capt. Halsey's and Capt, Rogers' companies at the regimental parade in Bridgehampton, Capt, S, Post's and Capt, Stephen's companies at Major Foster's, at which respective places they will receive such orders as may seem proper. In case there are troops stationed at any point invaded, the duty of giving notice and alarm will devolve on the commandant of the station. "It is further directed that every man subject to do military duty be furnished and equipped according to law, and will hold himself in readiness at a moment's warning to take the field " Henry P. Dering, as noted above, had been placed in charge of government property at the Harbor subject to the General's orders, and the dangers existing with Hardy's fleet cruising in the Bay are described in the following letter : "Port of Sag Harbor June 3d 181 3. Brigadier Genl, Rose, Sir: You have probably heard before this reaches you, or will on its receipt learn by Capt. Huntting the bearer that the enemy landed yesterday at Gardiner's Is land and took off a number of head of cattle. That a number of their ships now remain la\ing off Gardiner's Point, "In this situation and near approach of the enemy without even a single sentinel to give an alarm in this ^ r-t. Field in Swamp near Cold Spring (National Golf Course) The Road to the Mill HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMP'TON 191 place Mr. H. Gelston and myself and others are decid edly of the opinion that the arms and munitions of war deposited at this place are not safe and that it would be proper to have them immediately removed further back to some more secure place that they not be so ex posed, "I believe there is scarcely a family in this village but what have removed more or less of their most valuable effects, and I do not think that the public property should much longer remain here when private property is thought insecure I am. Sir, very respectfully, H. P, DERING." A week later June 12, the General wrote to Mr, Der ing that "we are at present in a very disagreeable situa tion, the enemy very plenty in our waters (eight ships in number yesterday), have taken cattle and sheep from Gardiner's Island, have been on Montauk twice for wood and water and have taken ten cattle . our militia, even our most easterly regiments is scattered from twelve to fifty miles from Montauk, it will be seen that in one quarter of the time necessary to get the militia there, the enemy can easily effect their purpose and be off . , , the ships can at any time cover their landing , . , . I am, however, confident that my dut}- is to use every means in my power to prevent the enemy from obtaining supplies , . . It seems the British left pay for what they took, which I consider a bad thing as it has a tendency to cool our patriotism* . . Sag harbor is also very ? The following two letters from Capt, Hardy cover this point: — 1— "His Brittanick Majesty's Ship Ramillies, off Gardiner's Island, 24, August 1813, "Sir — I have to request you 'will inform the inhabitants of Oyster ponds that I desire they will supply the squadron under my com mand with 12 live oxen which I will send for tomorrow morning, and I will pay the regular price for them, and I trust they will not oblige me to take them by force. "I have also to beg you will inform Mr. Hubbard of your town, that I have been made acquainted with his opposition to my wishes to consider the Oyster ponds inhabitants as neutral, and advise him to be more guarded in his conduct. "I have the honor to be. Sir your obedient humble servant, Joseph Terry Esq.. T, M, HARDY, Capt, Justice of the Peace, Oyster ponds. 192 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON much exposed. Barges from the ships about Gardiner's Bay coming up in the night might destroy the whole port before assistance could be had. The people are much agitated . , To this, Mr, Dering and Cornelius Sleight replied that they would order out a hundred men as soon as possible and would distribute arms to them though they wish they might be furnished with two hundred "as that number in all probability will not be sufficient in case of attack, or make a successful resistance should they approach us with the numbers we are justified to expect,"* In reply to this appeal. Gen, Rose despatched a company of artillery under Capt, Post and a company of Infantry under Capt, Hedges to take their station at the Harbor,! anticipating Gov. Tompkins' order of the 29th to take into the U. S. service a company of 100 men for the defence of Sag Harbor or other places.! A fort had been erected on Turkey Hill, and tradi tion states that a 19 pounder was mounted there, but in reality the town did lie very much at the mercy of the foe and the alarm of its inhabitants was not unjustified. ''Many and many a time", wrote an eye witness of these events, "both day and night the alarm would be given 'the British are coming'. Then the wagons would be brought to take the women and children off in the oak timber, to stay until the cannon balls fired from the fort and wharf by our brave soldiers sent them back. I shall never forget that six weeks one summer all the women — 2— Ramillies off New London 16 January, 1814. "Sir — Having returned to this anchorage I take the opportunity by a flag of truce to transmit to you thirteen dollars and 28 cents which the purser of his majesty's ship under my command is in debted to the persons from whom we received bullocks in August la^t, as will appear by the enclosed statement, and which I request you will be pleased to give them, I have the honor to be, sir, your most obedient, humble servant T M, HARDY, Capt, Joseph Terry Esq, Chief Magistrate, Oyster Pond," ? Letter of June 14. 1813. They also suggest stationing a guard boat at Cedar Island to give warning, t Letter of Gen, Rose to Gov, Tompkins dated Smith Town, June 18, 1813, X Tompk:ns Papers, Vol, III, p, 332. w 3 td H HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 193 and children never undressed at night, but lay down with their clothes on, through fear of the foreign foe on the bay".* On July II, 1813, the much dreaded attack in force finally took place, resulting, however, in the complete discomfiture of the British. Gen. Rose's official report gives, undoubtedly, the most accurate description of the encounter. "Bridgehampton, 11 July 1813. "Sir — About 2 o'clock this morning, five barges from the British squadron came and made an attack upon Sag Harbor, took three vessels, set fire to one, but met with a reception so warm and spirited from our Militia there stationed,! who are entitled to much credit, as also many citizens of the place, that they abandoned their object and made a very precipitate retreat. They threw some shot almost to the extreme part of the place, but for tunately no lives were lost or injury done! except to the vessels which they had in possession, one of which was bored through and through by an i8-lb. shot from the F'ort. It is probable the enemy must have suffered, as they departed in such confusion as to leave some of their arms and accoutrements, 'Tf we had not had men stationed there, the place might and probably would have been destroyed. We are apprehensive of another attack with increased force. Have ordered two more companies down for the present. Our militia were alarmed but could not arrive in time to be of service , , , " || ? Letter from Mrs. Beaumont, given in Mulford, Sketch of Dr, Sage, p. 77. t Mr, A. M, Cook stated that Col, David Haines was in command of the garrison at the time of the attack. See Memorials, pp. 146 et seq. X No lives were lost in fighting on Long Island in the War of 18i2, and only one prisoner was taken — Joshua Penny. N. Y. and Vicinity during War of 1812. Vol. 1, p. 293. II A letter to Col, Wiekham, July 13, 1813, states that "Sunday last" he directed that one third of the companies under Capts, Post, Haines, Howell and Ste. Hedges be immediately detached and ordered to Sag Harbor, On July 12, Gen, Izard wrote from New York to Gen, Rose "I have reason to hope that the marauding party which attempted Sag Harbor will be cut off before they reach their ships. At any rate, should they renew the attack and the stores arrive, as I hope in time, the intrepidity with which they were 194 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON The attack feared did not materialize, however, and the above was apparently the only serious one made upon the port, 'Tradition yields seemingly authentic stories of minute men hurrying to the Harbor and tak ing part in the fight, but the official report distinctly states that the battle took place at 2 A. M. and that no minute men arrived in time to be of use. There may have been other brushes with the enemy, but that this was the only serious one is also proved by a letter writ ten to a New York paper and dated Sag Harbor, July IO, 1814, which says, "This day twelve month was the last time and first that the enemy visited us. They are permitted to come ashore and get whatever they choose within ten or twelve miles of us. The officer and crews of their war vessels are daily feasting on the rich pro duct of the American soil and at a liberal price".* The year, however, was not without its interest on the waters of the Bay.! When the war broke out. Penny was running a little coasting vessel, which he at once sold and returned to his home at Three Mile Harbor in order, as he said "to avail myself of the first opportunity of doing mischief to those who had so long tortured me". Commodore Decatur was blockaded in New London harbor, and Penny having secured an interview with him, arranged to pilot a force of small boats over to Gar diner's Island and capture some of the British officers there, which was successfully accomplished on the night of July 26, 1813, Penny returning to Three Mile Harbor in his own boat. From that time on he was engaged in what was then a novel form of warfare, and w-hich, in view of the submarine question in our present world war is not without interest. lately received, is a pledge of what they must expect from our brave countrymen on Long Island", On the same day Gov, Tompkins wrote to Gen, Izard: "The County of Suffolk is imminently exposed at present & you will pardon me for urging your attention to that part of the frontier under your command, & for suggesting the propriety of calling out at least an hundred additional men for its defense." Tompkins Papers, Vol, III, p, 334, * Quoted in Guenrsey, Vol. I, p. 292. t And on waters further distant. Two of the apprentice boys on Capt, Paul Jones' ship the Ranger were from Sag Harbor, Jas, iRicker and Reuben Ricker. Buell, Paul Jones, Vol, II, p. 340, HIS'TORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 195 A citizen of Norwich had invented a submersible, ap parently of a crude type, which could go three miles an hour. For some years preceding the war, experiments had been made with torpedoes, and this particular in ventive genius actually succeeded in getting underneath the flagship Ramillies and nearly completed fastening one to her hull, when his drill broke and he was discov ered.* However, he effected his escape and a number of other attempts were made to blow up Hardy's ship with these new- weapons. Penny enlisted for one of these eff'orts but on the 20th of August he was surprised at his house while in bed, and taken prisoner on board the Ramillies. Hardy had been made so nervous by the repeated attempts to blow him up, that Penny said while he was held a prisoner on her, the Captain had her bottom swept every two hours night and day, to keep off "the d — d Yankee barnacles" Penny always claimed that he was betrayed into the hands of the British by a certain man from Sag Har bor, who owed him a grudge, and who thus he said, "sold his country for a penny". This apparently was true, and has contemporary confirmation by Dr. Sage and others. Capt. John Fowler, a prisoner on board the Ramillies, wrote of Penny's capture and treatment as follows: "On the 21st, a sloop from Sag Harbor came to anchor a little way from the shipping; the captain came on board and went on shore with an officer and showed the said officer Mr. Penny's house, and told him Mr. Penny was coming off with a torpedo to blow up the ship the first opportunity. That night a boat's crew, with the first lieutenant went on shore and brought Mr, Penny on board with his shirt torn off his back ; he was put in irons in a place where he could see no daylight, on a small allowance of bread and water; he asked for a little salt, but it was not allowed him, nor was he al lowed a book to read. The above sloop left Sag Harbor on the 20th".! Maj. Benj. Case, commanding: the U. S. troops at the Harbor sent a demand by Lt. Hedges, under a flag of * Guernsey, V. I. p. 282. t Guernsey, Vol. I, p. 282. 196 HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON truce, to Capt. Hardy on the 23rd demanding Penny's release as a non combatant, to which that officer very properly replied that the statement was contrary to fact, giving an accurate summary of Penny's activities, say ing that he had "received certain information that this man conducted a detachment of boats, sent from the- U. S. squadron under the command of Commodore De catur, now lying in New London from that port to Gar diner's Island on the 26th of July last, for the express purpose of surprising and capturing the Captain of H. B. M's. frigate Orpheus and myself, and having failed in that undertaking but making prisoners of some of ficers and men belonging to the Orpheus, he went with the remaining boats to Three Mile Harbor. The next account I had of him was his being employed in a boat contrived for the purpose, under the command of Thomas Welling, prepared with a torpedo to destroy this ship, and that he was on her at Napeag Beach when this ship and the Orpheus were in Fort Pond Bay last week. He had also a certificate given him on the i8th of this month, by some of the respectable inhabitants of East Hampton, recommending him to Commodore De catur as a fit person to be employed in a particular ser vice by him , ,",! He adds other particulars to show that Penny was not a civilian, and enclosed a copy of his letter to Joseph Terry in regard to the torpedo attempts, which he characterized as "a mode of warfare practised by individuals from mercenary motives and more novel than honorable", adding, "I beg you to warn the inhab itants of the Towns along the coast of Long Island that wherever I hear this boat or any other of her descrip tion has been allowed to remain after this day, I w-ill order every house near the shore to be destroj'ed". Penny was sent as a prisoner to Halifax, but about nine months later was released, and returned home. Meanwhile, efforts had been continued to perfect the tor pedo craft, and Dr. Sage thus describes one completed at Penny's return, in a letter of Julv 24tli, 1814. "It is upon an entire new construction, cost $1500 and was projected t Given in the Penny pamphlet, in Guernsey, and the L, I, Star Sept, 8, 1813, 5=o B td HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 197 by an ingenious artist in New York at the expense of a few private gentlemen, and is, I think better calculated to effect its object than any hitherto attempted. It is a bomb proof thing and calculated to go boldly up to a 74 in the daytime and blow her up. The boat will con tain about IO men, a small part of which is above water and of the thickness of 4 or 5 feet of timber and iron bars, she is kept upright by a cast iron keel weight 1500 is propelled by a spiral oar at the rate they say of 4 miles an hour. The contrivance of keeping off boarders and exploding their powder under the bottom of the ship is very ingenious and quite original".* "The first time the attempt was made to use the new craft, however, a heavy storm came up and drove her on the rocks. The British getting information of the at tempt and the disaster, despatched two frigates, which as soon as they got within gunshot of the shore opened a most tremendous fire upon the poor boat, and good old Deacon Mulford's house who together with his fam ily were 3 or 4 miles off at church. Under this fire they landed about 100 sailors and marines who soon drove about a dozen Militiamen who had been firing at them into the woods, and then went to the deacon's house which stood near the beach and was badly battered with their cannon balls, and after robbing it of 2 or 300 dollars in clothing, breaking the clock and looking glasses, destroying the furniture, doors and windows, proceeded to make war upon his sheep, poultry and pigs, of the former they carried off about 30 and many of the latter. They then went on board and returned to their anchorage. Thus ended the Torpedo war".! Dr. Sage added that "poor Penny is quite inconsol able for the death of his poor torpedo, but they have promised him another". He went to live in Sag Harbor, but as far as I know there was no further effort to mo lest the Ramillies, and the torpedo war was indeed over. Nor is there anything more of interest to record in re gard to operations during the remainder of hostilities. On Jan. 8, 1814, we find the Adjutant General hasten- ? Mulford, Sketch, p. 69, t Letter of Dr, Sage in Mulford, Sketch, p. 69. 198 HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON ing reinforcements "in consequence of the imminent danger of the Invasion of Sagg Harbour!" and an old diary of a Bridgehampton resident, under date of June 26 indicates renewed fighting,! but the real sufferings of the war were now those entailed by the destruction of commerce and the closing of the seas to a port which lived only by its shipping. Before the end of the war, of the twenty or twenty-five vessels which sailed regularly from Sag Harbor in the coasting trade, but three or four- remained. Others had been burned, captured and taken to Halifax as prizes, or else so frequently ransomed that the owners had no money left with which to employ them and they were rotting in the creeks. The people, except a few, had not been rich before the war, and all had gained their livelihood in more or less dependence upon the shipping trade of the little port. Many of the young men left the place in seach of a Hving elsewhere, and the circumstancesof those who remained were poor and wreched until Christmas Day of 1814 brought them as a gift the peace declared the preceding day, ending, let us hope for all time strife between the two great sec tions of the Anglo-Saxon race, today, more than a cen tury later, again engaged in war, but as Allies in a com mon cause. t Tompkins Papers, Vol. I, p. 474. The following letter is also of local interest in this connection, Easthampton, May 2, 1814, Sir: I herewith send you the names of the men detached from the regiment under my command for the defence of Sag Harbor, I should have sent you before but I did not receive the returns from the companies until I applied to Capt. Hains yesterday. ISAAC WICKHAM, Lt, Col. Henry Topping, Serj. Josiah Goodale, Jr, Jonathan Good, do John I, Foster Job Hedges, Corp, Francis Sayer William Corwith fr. Christopher Jagger Charles Lester priv. George Ranor Charles Topping Isaac Sayre Luther Sayre Peleg Roggers Peter Payn John Fordham Henry Parker Miller King Judah Smith Stenhen Conklin Stephen Jagger Nathaniel Miller Phineas M. Cooper Eleazer Miller Daniel Jennings Jprpm'ah Talmage John Fanning, jr. John Gann, Jr. John Dayton X Memorials, p. 146. A Bit of Sagg Pond CHAPTER X EARLY NINETEENTH CENTURY After the close of the war narrated in the last chapter, peace settled upon the villages of the East End, and the people resumed their simple, frugal life to be unbroken by the alarms of battle for nearly fifty years, the Mexican War passing, apparently unnoticed. That life, although no longer subject to all the hard ships and dangers of the early frontier, was still very simple and primitive when judged by even the local Southampton standards of today. "Nothing," wrote Judge Hedges * of his childhood, "was bought that could be made at home. The spinning wheel was con stantly running and carried in visits to neighbors. Winter, cold, cheerless, shivering winter tried soul and body. I remember the one fire on the hearth of a cold, dark morning, so cold that a blanket hung from the hooks in the wall, encircled the family and fire as an additional protection from the cold. , . . The sim plest, cheapest diet satisfied the appetite. , . . The family meal was eaten from wooden trenchers or pewter plates and platters with the smallest possible allowance * Judge Hedges, whose valuable 'writings on East End history are well known, was born at Wainscott, Oct, 13, 1817; moved to East Hampton 1831; attended Clinton Academy; grad, Yale 1838; attended Yale Law School 1839; lived Sag Harbor 1843-54, when moved to Bridge Hampton; died Sept. 26, 1911; was Member State Assembly 1852; Dist. Atty, Suffolk County 1861-4; County Judge and Surrogate 1865-70 and 1873-80. He was historical ora tor at the 200th anniversary of the founding of East Hampton and also at the 250th, 200 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON of tin and crockery ware. . . , The old sat, the young stood, around the breakfast table, A dish of meat cut in pieces ready for eating was in the middle of the table. All hands broke the Johnny cake in small pieces and with the fork dipped it in the gravy held in the meat dish, and occasionally speared out a piece of meat in the same way. It was a cold, frugal, hard, narrow, severe winter life." * Caps, hats, shoes, clothes, linen, wool, candles, in fact almost the entire range of personal and household goods were produced in the villages themselves, if not, indeed, in the individual homes within them, much as described in the earlier days. As to the candles, it was only later, though when they were still made at home that they were even moulded, and many of the older resi dents here are still famihar with the method of "dip ping." ! Flax wheels, wool reels and other such instruments were part of every girl's outfit when married, and in the schools of that day not only did the girls embroider samplers, but the very cotton or linen on which they sewed was also woven by them. Clothes seem frequently to have been made outside of the home, beginning about this period, but only of materials supplied by the customer. In 1791, for ex ample, Silas Raymond, tailor, advertised that he was carrying on his business next door to the printing office in Sag Harbor, and charged as follows : For a "full suit, ? Hedges, Hist, of East Hampton, p. 19. t Mr. Stephen Hedges of Sagaponack, gives me the following description of the process : "When a boy I often assisted my mother at that business and will describe the process as follows: Every family was supposed to have a sett of candle rods which consisted of say 24 oak rods %xl4 inches; upon these rods wick yarn cut twice the length of a candle was doubled over and then twisted with the fingers, four on each rod. Then two straight poles were placed about eight inches apart on chair seat at either end, then the 'tallow was melted in an iron kettle, say 14 inches deep, and the work of dipping began. Two sticks were taken in the hand at once and the wick of yarn was immersed in the melted tallow, then hung upon the wooden rack to cool. After two or three dips the wicks were again twisted by the fingers and the dipping was resumed until the candles assumed the proper proportions. As the tallow became lowered in the kettles warm water was added to keep the tallow at its proper height so that the candles would be entirely immersed." HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 201 coat, vest and breeches in the newest fashion" 18 shill ings; "for a common plain ditto" 16 shillings; for a great coat, 8 shilhngs; for a "sea coat," 4 shilhngs 6 pence, and so on. * As if these prices were not moderate enough. White & Hedges, of Bridgehampton, in 1818, after advertising their "Clothier's estabHshment" and suggesting that "those who wish an early turn would do well to forward their cloth soon or leave it at the usual places," add that "most kinds of produce wiU be taken in payment." ! Although some had clocks yet there was an hour glass in every house, and in many there was a "sun mark" on some window sill to mark noon. Cooking was still done over the open hearth fire, and baking in a brick oven built into the side of the chimney. Agricul ture was as yet carried on by the old methods and with little use of fertilizer or care for the land except the few acres near home. The sheep of the villagers were looked after by a jointly appointed shepherd, and grazed along the highways. On Saturday nights he would go home until Monday, and for the sake of the fertilizer, people would bid against each other for the privilege of caring for the flock over Sunday, which custom lasted well into the nineteenth century. Every pond, even though on private property, had a fence down to it from the highway so that the cattle or stock pastured there could get down to drink, ! At the close of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century, much of the labor was still done by slaves and there were many yet held in the Town, though manu mission was becoming frequent. From scattered Long Island advertisements we learn that they sometimes wore iron collars with their master's name on them, (1784), and were also branded on arms, breasts or other parts of the body, (1771 and 1780), "Scotch bonnets" seem to have been a favorite headgear with them, as in * Frothingham's Long Island Herald, June 7, 1791. t American Eagle, Nov. 14, 1818. % The year 1762 must have been a terrible one for farmers for no rain fell on Long Island or in New York City, from early in May until November. This is recorded as the most remarkable drought known in this country. Furman, Antiquities, p. 91. 202 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON an advertisement of 1767, which after offering $10 re ward, recites that there "ran away from Robert Pike- man, Long Island, a stout, well-made negro, James, who speaks very much after the New England manner. He had on a Scots bonnet, blue jacket and has often tried to go to sea." His costume, at least, seems to have been well adapted for swimming. In 1791, Lemuel Peirson of Southampton, advertised for a negro man, who "had on when he went away a snuff-colored great coat, white plush breeches, blue yarn stockings; one leg somewhat shorter than the other; about 4^4 feet high, Africa born, spoke very broken." It was also stated that this youthful runaway was between 90 and 100 years old. * Not only were the clothes of that day homespun and simple but so also were the pleasures and diversions. Travel, except upon business or urgent necessity, was indulged in by but few and very Httle came in from the outside world to afford amusement or entertainment. Today there is hardly a hamlet in the land so small or remote but what, within reasonable distance, there is a motion picture theatre to yield inexpensive diversion. Railroads, automobiles, phonographs, daily papers, cheap magazines, all give opportunity of moving about, of hearing and seeing new things on the part of even the poorest people that were utterly beyond the power of the rich to purchase a century ago. The result may seem somewhat depressing at times to those w'ho wish to believe hopefully in democracy, but that the mental life of the people today is far more active than a hundred years back cannot be doubted, I think, nor is our public life upon a lower plane. Occasionally some travelling troupe of one sort or another did reach even the remote East End villages, and in 1798 in Sag Harbor, Messrs. "Moulthrop and Street respectfully inform the Ladies and Gentlemen of * Frothingham's L. I. Herald, June 7, 1791; Another ad vertisement of a Southampton runaway is dated 1773 (N, Y. Gazette), "$10 Reward. Ran away from John Foster, Southampton, in February, a negro man, Cush, this country born, a very plausible fellow and probably has forged a pass. He wore a red blaize shirt, blue milled cap and blue outside jacket. He stole several articles of European goods and money from his master." Methodist Church, Bridgehampton HIS'TORY OF THE 'TOH'N OF SOUTHAMP'TON 203 this town and its vicinity, that their New Exhibition of A\ax Figures will be opened this day, at the House of Capt. Daniel Fordham. This Exhibition consists of twenty figures as large as life, among which are the following characters : "1st. John Adams, President of the United States. "2nd. David going forth against Goliath with a sling and a stone. The figure of the Giant is truly ma- jestic_ with his Coat of Mail and Implements of war. This is allowed to be one of the greatest curiosities ever represented in AA'ax. "3d. A striking emblem of Virtue and Vice, in which Virtue is represented by a Seraphim, with two beautiful Children looking upward in pleasing Devotion, and Vice by a Card Party affrighted by a Demon. "4th. Maternal Devotion. "Sth. Connecticut Beauty. "6th. Tom Thumb, Esq., or the New England Dwarf, taken from the life. "7th, The Rustic Courtship. "8th. Mungo disciplined by his Master. "9th. A Bloody Contest between two Indian Chiefs. "10th. Cuffee in High Life." One cannot but wonder whether the young Ford- hams, when they went to bed that night, had dreams of the "bloody contest between two Indian Chiefs" being so strangely enacted in their home downstairs, while one's mind lingers in pleasant speculation over the po tential charms of the Connecticut Beauty and the glories of Goliath. One cannot also but shrewdly suspect that the extra consumption of wax entailed in the making of a giant may, on strict business principles, have ac counted for the presence of the offsetting dwarf. * The great day in all the villages was, of course, the Fourth of July, characterized by the unlimited flowing of oratory and other matters. In Sag Harbor, early in the century, on the preceding afternoon, the big cannon ? L, I. Herald, June 4, 1798. In the thirties (burned Aug, 11, 1838) there was a hall and museum in Sag Harbor about where Lyon «& Shei-wood's s Lore no\^ btands. 204 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON would be taken out of the Arsenal and drawn to the top of Sleight's Hill by a crowd of men and boys, and the sunset gun fired from it. At midnight the bell in the old school house of 1788 was rung, and at dawn thirteen shots were fired from the cannon. At ten o'clock, a pro cession would start from Fordham's Tavern headed by the clergy followed by the orator of the day, the Com mittee of Arrangements, ! miHtia and citizens. In the Presbyterian Church a large pine tree, garlanded with flowers and called the liberty tree,* would be placed on the platform, and the church otherwise decorated. The exercises usually consisted in singing an ode, prayers, reading the Declaration of Independence, the Oration and the singing of another closing ode. Then came the public dinner at the tavcn and after that the drinking of innumerable toasts, each of which was announced to the community at large by the firing of the cannon on Sleight's HiU and a smaller brass one on Turkey Hill. % The list of toasts in 1812 probably gives a fair sample of this part of the day's entertainment. There were eight een official toasts proposed and drunk, followed by sev eral "volunteer" ones. They began with "the day we celebrate — may the declaration of the 4th of July, '76, continue in force till time is no more and the execrations of all freemen fall on the heads of those who wish to de stroy it," followed by "the meraory of the immortal Washington," Thomas Jefferson, James Madison, Gov. Tompkins, Ebenezer Sage, the Army, "our little Navy," the Constitution, "Montgomery, Warren, Mercer, Green, Gates, Wayne and the host of martyrs and he roes," etc., "prosperity to the interests of science, agri culture, manufactures and commerce," American liberty, members of both houses of Congress, the memory of the heroes who fell on the banks of the \A'abash, (heroes t This committee was made up of the leading men in each community, that of 1801 in Sag Harbor, for example, consisting of John Jermain, Benj. Huntting, Thos, P, Ripley, Silas Howell, Jesse Hedges, H. P. Dering, Sam'l H. Rose, Abm, Miller and Jona, Dayton, ? The L, I, Star of Jan, 9, 1799, has the item that a liberty tree was planted at Bridgehampton followed by the drinking of "spirited toasts." The toast of that day could always be counted upon to be "spirited." X Recollections of an old Inhabitant, Miss M. E, Stanton, Sag Harbor Hist, Soe, Paper, Dec, 1899, VfN- ¦; 'V-i^ ¦ ¦Ji"..-' /y ' ^ ¦¦% .¦'¦'¦¦- S- ;' V•^;; S?**'^^3^"^i ^ ;¦ ''"/y^ '::!-* 9S^*^:; t.^ ^'^¦\'"' "^\W-:-: Mtr .. , „ y .T-r»:Ji Hay Ground Mill with sails furled for windy weather HIS'TORY OF 'THE 'TOH'N OF SOUTHAMP'TON 205 W-ere, perhaps, falling by this time at Fordham's!), the A'olunteers, and the fair daughters of Columbia, i The fact that the last alone elicited no cheers was, we must chi\ alrously hope, due solely to exhaustion. The celebrations in the other villages were muQh the same in character, those in Bridgehampton having a special interest from the story of the old cannon u,«ed there. During the \\'ar of 1812, one of the British ships actively employed in the Sound was the sloop-of-war Sylph. 12 guns, Capt. Dickens, with a crew of 121 men and 12 officers. A fortnight after peace was declared, while cruising off the south shore, she lost her bearings in a snow- storm on the night of Jan. 16-17, 1815, and went ashore off Shinnecock Point. Early in the morn ing of the 17th, Nathan AA'hite of AA'ickapogue discovered her, gave the alarm and soon the A'olunteer rescuers were gathered on the beach. It was still snowing fur iously, the wind blowing a gale, while the surf was high and the temperature bitterly low. It seemed impossible to get a boat -through the breakers, but by afternoon it was evident that the sloop was fast going to pieces. Finally a life boat was manned and succeeded in reach ing the vessel which had capsized, and which then had only one officer and five men still clinging to her, the rest ha-xing all perished, * The son of one of the witnesses to the tragedy said that his father used to tell of how he saw a spar with men lashed to it, coming ashore through the breakers with twehe pairs of frozen legs sticking up in the air, ! X L. I. Star, July, 1812. ? A letter from the Secretary of the English Admiralty to the Suffolk County Hist. Soe. s'tated that out of a crew of 121 at least 115 were lost, including Capt, Dickens, A contemporary diary says there were 117 men on board and 111 lost. A, M. Cook in Ex press, Feb. 29, 1912. Mr. Edward H, Foster tells me that his grand father, James Foster, was a 'witness of the tragedy and related that about 21 of the bodies floated ashore about opposite Sugar Loaf, and were buried in the cliffs in the vicinity of that hill. t Of the men who made the rescue, the names of only two have come down to us, Sylyanus Raynor and Ephraim White. Mr. ¦Wm. Barclay Parsons of New York is a grandson of the only English officer saved that day. The wreck is commemorated by a tablet in St, Andrews' Dune Church, Southampton, the border of the tablet and the wheel above it being made of the red cedar of the 206 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Stephen Sayre of Bridgehampton succeeded in get ting one of the ship's guns and took it to that village, where its home for many years was on the Triangular Common. It was this gun which was always used on the Fourth of July, as well as often being taken about to serenade newly married couples in their homes. It has several times been spiked by people who had been an noyed by its activities and once, on a visit to Southamp ton, it was partly blown up, but in spite of all vicissi tudes, the old gun is still in existence and use, having remained the plaything of the village for more than a century, % Wrecks have always been frequent on the south shore but until after the middle of the century there was no organized life-saving service, all rescues being made by volunteer crews. ! "Every garret," wrote Mrs. AA'hite, * speaking of Southampton in her childhood and earlier, "held its spy glass on a way-high handy beam, and every scuttle was a look-out frequently visited. If anything unusual vessel. Many fence posts in the village were also made from the same wood as was the horse block at Mrs. Henry Herrick's. A book 'with Capt, Dickens name in it was also preserved and his old leather 'trunk 'with a brass plate on top inscribed "Capt. Henry Dickens, 34th Regiment" is in the home of Mrs. Hubert White. X At one time Mr. Esterbrook O'wned it and had it mounted on wheels on his lawn; then Mr, Worth had it on his. For a longer account of its local story see Memorials, pp, 236-40. t About the middle of the century the Humane Society erected a house (later moved to Peter's Pond) opposite the present station at Bridgehampton, but the keeper alone received a salary. The ser vice was taken over by the Federal Govt, in 1872, At that time the keeper was Samuel Hildreth, since when the Captains have been Baldwin Cook, 1872-86; John N, Hedges, Apr. 1, 1886-Mar. 1, 1915; E. F, Stephens, Mar, 1-15, 1915, (retired); Edward Arnold, Mar, 1, 1915, to date. In Southampton Chas. 'White was in charge of an earlier station and was Capt, in the Federal service 1873-78; Nelson Burnett, 1878-1915; J, H, Topping acting keeper 5 months in 1915; Wm, S. Bennett acting keeper till July 1, 1916, and Capt. from that date. In Jan., 1915, the service was changed to the Coast Guard, forming part of the Revenue cutter service instead of the Civil. Requirements for enlisting are, age 18-45, ability to read and write, and expertness in swimming. Men over 64, or after 30 years in the service, receive a pension of %, of their sa'ary at the time of their retirement, Chas H. Church of the Mecox Sta tion lost his life Dec, 1903, when crossing the seapoose while on patrol , * Mrs, E. P, "White, paper read before the Colonial Society of Southampton, 1914, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 207 was sighted along shore — a ship in peril or a whale — the family horn was blown, which signal the next neighbor passed on. In this way a rally was raised and the beach soon peopled with volunteers ready for any emergency. AA'ell we remember the old pewter horn, which, with his gun, hung high in Grandfather's kitchen, too high in deed for the meddling of small intruders, AA'e remem ber, too, as a great favor being allowed to have a try at blowing it, but as the horn was four feet long and its blow- the equal of its size, it required more knack than our youthful propensities in that Hne could muster. At the sound of the rally, every man left his plow or his trowel, his shop or his sermon, as we do today at the sound of the fire siren, and made for the beach." Among other wrecks of the first half of the century may be mentioned an unnamed vessel, which has come down in tradition as the "Gunpowder Ship," and which came ashore the year after the Sylph, taking fire off Southampton beach. She had on board 900 kegs of gun powder belonging to the Government, and just as the small boat reached the shore, the ship blew up with a terrific explosion which carried the main chain over onto Halsey's Neck, The cargo also consisted of woolens, which were washed up along the beach and shopping for underwear and mittens that winter was much simpli fied. In 1820 the Helen, bound from France to New York, was wrecked, the crew being saved but all of the officers and passengers lost. ! To this period also be long the Lucy Ellen, lost at Quogue in 1830, the Susan, an Irish emigrant ship, all lives being saved, and the Louis PhilUppe, (1842) a French ship from Bordeaux, which went on the beach at Mecox. Although no lives w^ere lost and the vessel was eventually saved by the wreckers, it is of special interest on account of the me morials it has left scattered over our whole country-side. Part of her cargo consisted of French trees and shrubs of many varieties, and these, being on top, were thrown overboard first when it became necessary to lighten the t In the North End Burying Ground is a stone inscribed, "Sacred to the Memory of Major Robert Sterry, who was ship- ¦wrecked and lost with the ship Helen, Jan. 17, 1820, aged 37 years," 208 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON ship. After drifting ashore, they were planted by the people and many a garden in the villages round about still has Louis Phillippe roses, laburnums, chestnuts, beeches and pear trees. In 1847 the English ship Ashland, wnth several hun dred on board came ashore off Flying Point, and in 1855 the Robert, from London, off Wickapogue. The latter had 1,000 casks of Madeira wine, which were all saved and sent to Sag Harbor for reshipment, with a loss of only 400 casks in the six mile haul. On Dec. 3, 1859, the schooner Susan was wrecked at Quogue, proving a total loss, and the following day in a terrible storm, the Solicitor, of Hull, was wrecked off Old Town, She was bound for New York from the Island of Cephalonia and was wholly loaded with Zante currants (1,605 barrels), which strewed the beach and subsequent puddings. The crew, who were saved by volunteers from shore, grumbled because they got their clothes wet, which merely called forth the remark from one of the daring life-savers that he 'hoped the next time they were wrecked it would be in a dry time.' * The most mysterious of all wrecks, however, was that known as the "Money Ship," the best traditional account of which is the following, taken from a manu script record made by the late Hon. James H. Pierson, loaned me by Mr. W. D, Halsey : "One day late in the autumn of 1816, a strange craft was observed off Southampton, She was quite unlike in build and rig the many vessels that passed almost daily along the coast. There had been a hard storm, in which it was evident the vessel had fared badly. The next day she was in a new position and it was plain to those watching from the shore that she was adrift and prob- * To this same period belong also the "Sugar Ship," which was saved; the "Lumber Ship," which sank with a cargo of green wood; the Hattie C. White, sunk with a cargo of flagstones; the Emily B. Souder (1868) with fruit from the Mediterranean, She broke up on Southampton beach and her mast was raised as a flag pole. In the early sixties the Mesopotami, loaded \vith peanuts, lost her cargo which filled Southampton attics. June 16, 1870, schooner Mary Rich came ashore at Southampton; Dec. 6, 1871, brig Wm, Creevy was a total loss. Later wrecks will be given in a later chapter. View at Seven Ponds HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 209 ably abandoned. It was decided that if the surf went down by the next morning and the vessel was still in sight, to go oft' to her, but when morning came the ves sel was ashore off Shinnecock Bay, about two miles west of the village of Southampton. Those who first reached her found a deserted ship, without name or cargo, with sails half furled, and cabin furniture, articles of clothing and food scattered about as if she had been abandoned in great haste. No records or papers could be found which might have given some clue as to the port from which she sailed or her destination. "The Wrecking Master for the district took charge of the vessel, stripped her of sails, rigging and whatever could be removed, which was all carted to the village and deposited in the then Tavern lot on Main street, (now the property of Mr. Samuel L. Parrish), and was duly advertised and sold. On the day of the sale, a by stander found wedged tightly in a dead-eye a Spanish dollar. It passed from hand to hand, and other dead- eyes, in fact the whole wreckage, was scrutinized with care, but no more dollars found, and many jests were made at the expense of the lucky finder and of the un known sailor who was supposed to have chosen this strange hiding place for his money. The following day the hull was sold on the beach where it lay. One of the men at the sale had, on his way up the beach, picked up a slender piece of wreckage, which he used as a staff or cane. AA^hile on the ship he idly dropped the stick down one of the pumps. It struck upon the sand (which quickly fills every part of a wreck) and when he with drew it, wedged in a split in its end was a Spanish dol lar. This unexpected find, also in so strange a place, was followed by more jests and guesses and many more thrusts were made with the stick but no rhore dollars were brought up. "The mystery of the wreck, and the finding of the dollars made a fruitful topic of discussion on the street, and in the stores and tavern for many days. The wreck was purchased by a company formed for the purpose, and was left to be broken up at a more leisure season. This was the way wrecks were disposed of, and many a 210 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON barn yard and pightle fence in Southampton and m fact all over the southern coast of Long Island was made wholly or in part of the ribs and planks of ships that had sailed far and wide and spread their sails over many seas, and brought rich cargoes from strange and distant lands. "Occasionally in the next few weeks a lone fisher man or hunter would see the wreck in passing, or if the tide was down, go on board, but httle heed or attention was given to it. A young Southampton w-haleman [Capt. Henry Green] returning from a voyage soon after the occurrence, took a day up the beach withacom- paiiion gunning and finding himself near the wreck, curiosity led him to go on board. The ship lay head on the beach with her hull sharply inclined toward the sea. The wa^'es had broken in the stern so that in storras they would run high up the cabin floor, carrying with them sand and shells to be deposited in every nook and cranny of the wreck. On the cabin floor, clean at that time, in plain view, lay a silver dollar. The dis covery did not excite the interest of the finder so much at the time, but when he had returned to his home and heard of the other dollars, he thought it over and was much puzzled. He decided to investigate further and the next night, providing himself with one of the old per forated lanterns used in those days (these were simply a cylinder of tin or sheet iron with perforations to allow the light to filter through), a candle and tinder box, he and his comrade started for the wreck. "The beach is a lonely place on a dark night and a wreck is full of strange and ghostly sounds. His com panion was half-hearted and inclined to turn back, but the young whaler was not easily frightened or deterred from an undertaking. A\ hen they reached the wreck they lighted the lantern, and made directly for the cabin. The tide was down but occasionally a wave, hio-her than the others, would run up on the floor. For a time their search was unrewarded and becoming somewhat dis couraged they were about to leave the wreck and go home when one of them glancing up over his head sa\v projecting from the low wooden ceiling, which had split The South Shore The Tent on the Beach HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 2\\ and opened, the edge of a silver dollar. Giving the lan tern to his comrade and using his jack knife to enlarge the opening, he succeeded in getting a firm hold of the piece of ceihng and pulled it from its place. As he did so, down upon his head came a shower of dollars. In his excitement, his comrade dropped the lantern, and dollars and lantern rolled together into the sea. Still, the shower of dollars was falling and dropping instantly upon the floor he extended his arms and stopped many of them. They were now in total darkness and there was nothing to do but gather up what they had saved as best they could and give up the search for that night. More trips were made and dollars found in other places, but the secret was well kept and no one ever knew just how much money was obtained. * "AA'ith the beginning of winter a hard storm broke up the wreck, and it soon became known that she must have had money aboard, for many dollars were found in the sand and in the fragments of the ship. Farmers came with their teams and ploughed the beach, one man finding sixty dollars in one day, and for many years 'Beach Dollars' would occasionally be found."!' Mr. Pierson then speaks of Mr. Shaw's little book of stories of the beach near Bellport, where the ship first appeared, ! and at which place, "in answer to a pre arranged signal from the shore she landed after night fall, bags and barrels of raoney and plunder, to be buried later among the sand dunes. An approaching storm and a fierce quarrel among the sailors over the division of the booty, frustrated their plans before they were com pleted, and led to their hurried abandonment of the ship, which was left to drift about, the sport of wind and ? Mrs. White wrote: "It was discovered that a quantity of silver dollars were still concealed between her planks and her ceil ing. Those who had purchased the ship contended that the money belonged to them, but much of it sifted through the rifts of the old hull and became imbedded in the sands. It was said the most the owners ever got out of her were 486 of these precious dollars, and none with one exception was ever made rich by the flnd, though for years the beach was raked. . . . Henry Green is said to have obtained 500." X One was picked up only a few years ago dated 1802. t E. R. Shaw, The Pot of Gold: A Story of Fire Island Beach. 212 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON waves. A few days later, this tale relates, she came ashore at Southampton, and was the 'Money Ship' of our story. The origin and history of the Money Ship will always remain a mystery. Southampton whalemen, who were boys at that time, but who afterward became famihar with ships of many countries, agreed that she resembled in build and rig the vessels sailed along the Spanish Main, going occasionally to the AA'est Indies or to the coast of Africa for slaves. Revolutions were common, then as now, in South American states and it was not unusual for a rich nierchant to be compelled to flee from his country, taking his fortune with him, which was apt to be in gold or silver. AA'hether this ship had been on such an errand and had been captured from her owner either by his own mutinous crew or 6y others, or whether she was a pirate or a slaver will probably never be known," This is perhaps true, but before leaving the subject of this mysterious vessel I will add Mrs. AA' bite's version of the doings of the sfiip at Patchogue, where according to her account, it was "first seen practically dismantled and helplessly drifting; the boats had left the ship and were making for shore in a dangerous surf. The set of the breakers was such that landing was so extremely diffi cult that the boats were upset and only one man and a small boy were saved. AA'hen the bodies of the men w-ho were drowned were washed ashore, it was discovered they were heavy with Spanish dollars, which they had strapped in bags about their persons. The rescued man, John Sloane by name, proved to be the master of the A'essel and the story he told of the brig has been handed down in the Jones family who were living on the beach at that time, and with whom he made his home for sev eral years after his rescue. His story as prize master of the brig was this: He was placed in charge of her after her capture by a Mexican war vessel from the Spaniards. and his orders were to take her to New York, w-here she was to have been fitted out as a privateer under the Mexican flag. He said the treasure w-as artfully con cealed, but discovered by one of the crew when off Cape Hatteras. When the storm arose and the vessel so Methodist Church, Southampton The Old Herrick House, Southampton HIS'TORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 213 badly battered that abandonment seemed necessary, the silver money was divided among the crew, while the more valuable gold and jewels were packed in a big portmanteau, which he intended to account for, if saved, to the Mexican authorities. The portmanteau was lost and Sloane escaped with his Hfe." And thus ends, so far as I know, the storj^ of the Money Ship. The sea, in the early part of the last century, was the main highw^ay of the people of the East End. It colored all their thoughts. Its mystery was the romance of their lives. From it alone could come the unexpected, and that at any moment. Over it, they themselves, their friends and neighbors sailed to the far corners of the earth on trading voyages or in pursuit of whales. Even the stay-at-home farmer, as he ploughed his fields, on the uplands could see, flashing white against its blue, the sails of ships laden with slaves from Africa, with the wines of Spain or silks from China or spices from the far East, while many a man here in those days, seaman or farmer, was more famihar with the lonely islands of the Pacific than with the western end of the one on which he had his home. When he did go to New York or other nearby cities, it was usually over the water by packet boat, many lines of which ran from Sag Harbor, There was the Speed well, John Price, master, plying between that port and Hartford in 1791, the New London packet under Eph raim L'Hommedieu running weekly, and the "fast sailing Sloop Industry, Luther Hildreth, Master," mak ing the run to New^ York "every Fortnight, or oftener, wind and weather permitting" in the sarae year. In 1797, the sloop Resolution was advertised as running to Albany, and the next year Nathan Fordham was run ning the sloop Favorite to New York, while the schooner Brother, Stephen S. Topping, master, plied regularly to Middletown and Hartford. Later the Sag Harbor-New London boat ran three times a week, there was one to Southold every Saturday, and a boat made daily trips to Shelter Island. This latter was named the Lady Clinton and the advertisement was signed "S. Conklin, who promises his boat, like the Lord of her namesake, can 214 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON and zvill go against zvind and tide." In the early twenties the crack packet to New York was the sloop David Por ter, Capt. Jeff. Fordham, which sometimes carried from forty to sixty passengers, and possessed only a quarter that number of berths. After supper, a spare sail would be spread on the main cabin floor and the men and boys would sleep there, the rule being all lights out at nine o'clock. There was no charge for staterooms or berth and all three meals cost 12^^ cents each, but the general custom was for the passengers td prepare their own food in advance and take it with them, as there were seldom good cooks on board. If the weather was good this was a much pleasanter way of reaching New York than by the slow and dusty stage routes, but, if becalmed, the trip raight often take three days, while there was always the possibihty of storm and wreck. The David Porter herself was wrecked on Eaton's Neck, and in one storm in 1816 five packets were lost, * the first lighthouse in Suffolk County not being built until 1795 and the others following but slowly. ! The first stage route was established in 1772 by Samuel Nicolls, Benj. Havens and Nathan Fordham, and ran between Sag Harbor and Brooklyn, the trip taking three days and costing $2.25, "goods per hundred one penny a mile and baggage as usual." In 1798, the line was owned by Fordham, Hedges, Gelston & Co.. who advertised in New Londoii for Connecticut passen gers, their rates being five cents a mile and 14 lbs. of baggage carried free. This stage left Sag Harbor every Monday morning, reaching New York at 10 A. M. on ? Mrs, M. C, Sayre, From Sag Harbor to New York in 1827. Paper Sag Harbor Hist, Soe 1898, Letter of G, A, Halsey, Express, May 4, 1898, Among the early New York packets were the Flash, Imperial, Regulator, Pioneer, Planter, Gen, Warren, James Law rence and Helen Smith, Steamers were used shortly before the Civil War, the flrst being a day boat, Island Belle, followed by the night boat Artisan, the 'W, W, Coit, the Shelter Island, the Montauk and Shinnecock, the last being launched in 1896. t Montauk, 1795; Eaton's Neck, 1798; Little Gull Island, 1806; Old Field Point, 1823; Fire Island, 1826; Plum Island, 1827; Cedar Island, 1839; North Dumpling, 1848; Gardiner's Island, 1855; Lloyd's Harbor, Horton's Point and Shinnecock, 1857; Long Beach Bar, 1871; Stratford Shoal, 1877; Race Rock, 1878, Bi, Cen. Suffolk County, p. 65. Elisha 0, Hedges' House, Sagaponack Second Church Ediflce, Erected in 1737 Bridgehampton HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 215 AA'ednesday, This time was cut and a new line started in 1826, when Silas Payne advertised as follows : Sag Harbor and New York STAGE Through in two days ! The subscribers will start a stage to run EVERY OTHER V/EEK from Sag Harbor to New York as follows : Will start from the Union Hotel, Sag Har bor, on Friday the 8th of December at 6 o'clock A. M,: breakfast at S, Griffing's at WEST HAMPTON & arrive at J, Rowe's, PATCH OGUE, same night. On the next day, break fast at E, Dodd's, BABYLON; and arrive the same evening at BROOKLYN, Start from BROOKLYN, Monday at 6 o'clock A, M,; breakfast at HEMPSTEAD and arrive at A, Gardiner's, FIRE-PLACE, same evening; breakfast next morning at WEST-HAMPTON and arrive at SAG-HAR BOR same evening, FARE $5 SILAS PAYNE. Sag Harbor, November 25th, 1826. The earliest Post Office in the Township was that established at Sag Harbor Jan, 1, 1795, followed by Bridgehampton Apr. 1 of the same year and Southamp ton Apr. 1, 1804.* ? The dates of the establishment of the various offices were as follows: Eastport, Sept, 16, 1872; Atlanticville, Jan, 12, 1858 (name changed to East Quogue, Mar. 25, 1891); Flanders, May 8, 1834; Good Ground, July 28, 1829; Quogue, Apr. 8, 1828; Sag Harbor, Jan. 1, 1795; Southampton, Apr. 1, 1804; Speonk, Apr. 1, 1828 (name changed to Remsenburg, July 27, 1895 and a new post office by name Speonk est. June 9, 1897) ; Water Mill, July 25, 1866; 'West Hampton, June 19, 1861 (name changed to West Hampton Beach Dec, 22, 1890); Bridgehampton, Apr, 1, 1795; Sagg, Apr. 23, 1878 (name changed to Sagaponack, Feb. 21, 1890), In 1843 the net receipts of the Sag Harbor office were $1,465,85; South ampton, $315,85; Bridgehampton, $287.96; Quogue, $110.30; and Good Ground, $29.63. 216 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Thirty years before its estabHshment, a post road had been set up in 1765, the riders going on horseback. The circuit, which was continued until the Revolution, was 239 miles long, the route being New York, Brook lyn, Jamaica, Smithtown, "Griffin's at Riverhead," Southold, Shelter Island, Hogneck, Sag Harbor, East Hampton, Southampton and so, west, back to New York. During the War of 1812, Capt. Uriah Sayre drove the mail stage from Sag Harbor to Brooklyn, the trip taking four days, along the South Shore, and for a while he carried the entire Long Island mail for New York, from Jamaica on. In 1830, the Post Office department announced that the mail for East Hampton from New York via Sag Harbor would run three times a week beginning Jan. 1st, leaving the city Mondays, AA'ednesdays and Fridays at 8 A. M. and reaching East Hampton the following days at 8 P. M. The roads at that time were indescribably bad, al though Prime states that they were better at the East End than elsewhere on the Island. The state early in the century had not assumed to any extent the duty of building and maintaining highways, and about 1813 there was a sudden and very great development of pri vate Turnpike and Toll Bridge companies, the craze for their formation taking the form of the railway mania of a half century later. The introduction of the system w-as at first much opposed on Long Island owing to the dislike of seeing the public roads fenced up and a fee charged for their use, but their improved condition finally overcame prejudice and many toll roads were established. The only one I know of in this Tow-n was the "Sag Harbor and Bull Head Turnpike Com pany" whose road ran between Bridgehampton and Sag Harbor and is still known as the Turnpike. The charter was obtained in 1840, the company being capitalized at $5,600 (shares $25 each), and paid a small return to stockholders until the railroad was built in 1870, * when the road was allowed to get into \ery bad condition as it no longer paid the company to maintain it. On the 19th * This date was 'wrongly given in the Memorials as 1881. For official railroad dates see later in this chapter. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 217 of August, 1905, the toll gate was thrown open by the Court on complaint of the Commissioners of Highways. The following year it was taken over by the Town, the owners disposing of the charter for a nominal sum, and the old toll gate, said to be the last in the state, was re moved. In 1909 the toll house was destroyed by fire, the ruins of the cellar being still visible on the west side of the road not far from the Plarbor. ! There w-as also a toll bridge built in 1834 connecting Sag Harbor and Hog Neck (North Haven), passage before having been either by boat or along both beaches and by way of Noyack. This has been replaced several times, its story being given in the subjoined note. * •j- The following were the rates charged: "For every wagon or cart drawn by two horses, mule or oxen, 8 cents. And for every additional horse, mule or ox, 2 cents. For every wagon or cart drawn by one horse or mule, 4 cents. For every coach, coachee, barouche, phaeton or other tour-wheeled pleasure carriage drawn by two horses, 16 cents. And for every additional horse, 3 cents. For every stage, wagon or coach for the transportation of passen gers dra-wn by two horses, 12% cents. And for every additional horse, 3 cents. For every chair, or other two-wheeled pleasure carriage drawn by one horse, 6 cents. And for every additional horse, 3 cents. For every horse and rider, 3 cents. For every horse, led or drove, without being attached to a carriage, 1 cent. For every sled or sleigh, dra'wn by one horse, mule or ox, 4 cents. For every additional horse, mule or ox, 2 cents. For every score of cattle or mules, 10 cents. For every score of hogs or sheep, 4 cents. And in the same proportion for a greater or less number of cattle, mules, hogs or sheep," * "The toll was 2 cen'ts for foot passengers and 8 cents for teams. It was incorporated as the "Payne Bridge Co." May 5, 1834, capital $2,000 (shares $25 each). The Commissioners named to re ceive subscriptions were Luther D. Cook, Marcus B. Osborne, Chas, W. Payne, Bridge was of wood on piles and crossed deep channel from the old toll house, foot of Bridge St, to the long sand point opposite. A few years later a 30 ft, draw was built to let vessels through. Ships built in the yard at the foot of Glover St, were floated at high tide through to Long Wharf, About 12 years after it was built it was found to be settling and the piles were honey combed by the teredo. In the gale of 1847 it was partly destroyed but rebuilt. By Act of Legislature 1868 it became a County charge and the Toll Co, was dissolved. It was neglected and in 1879 Judge Chas, P, Daly wrote the Hannibal French poem (see Mulford's Sage) and it was rebuilt in 1880. In 1892 a new pile bridge re placed it at a cost of $23,000, of which Joseph Fahys and others on North Haven contributed $18,000. This was eaten by teredos and collapsed July 18, 1900. A ferry was established, but the present strufcture with iron and concrete piles and an 85 ft, draw was authorized the same year and built, Mary P, Sayre, Sag Har bor Hist. Soe Paper, 1911, 218 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON In 1844 the Long Island Railroad was opened to Greenport, the southern line being completed to its orig inal terminus at Sag Harbor in 1870, with, of course, its obvious effects upon modes of travel. * In connection with travel, the inn or taverns of Sag Harbor have already been mentioned. Southampton had its sign in the old "Ship and Whale," which swung before the bar-room in the house of Capt, Charles How ell, a bar-room in which, oddly enough in a day of heavy drinking, no liquor was ever allowed to be sold. For a long time this was the only inn in the village, and when its last portion was torn down two years ago, the build ing was nearly a century old. ! Another inn there at one time was the old Foster House, purchased and moved by Mr. Parrish in 1916, which was built in 1807, and was known as Foster's Tavern, having included among its guests James Fenimore Cooper and Daniel Webster. ! The old Bull's Head Tavern (Briggs house) in Bridgehampton has already been alluded to as being kept by John AVick in the early part of the 18th century. A hundred years or so later its proprietor was Solomon Grey and after hira Dick Gelston, at which period the bar was in the east room where the rum was dealt out "a short horn" two fingers deep, "a long horn" four fingers, while for "a good stiff horn" they put on the ? The dates are as follows: "Opening of Main Line to Green port, July 19, 1844. (The flrst section of this road was opened from South Ferry, Bklyn., to Jamaica, Apr, 18, 1836, and succeeding openings followed as building throughout the Island progressed from 1836 to 1844), Montauk Division, Jamaica to Babylon, opened Oct. 28, 1867. Bushwick to Jamaica, and Babylon to Islip, opened July 22, 1868. Williamsburgh to Bushwick, and Islip to Patchogue, opened March, 1869. Sag Harbor Branch, Manor to Sag Harbor, opened May, 1870 (first locomotive crossed Main St., Southampton, Feb. 26— S. H, T. R. IV, 315), Montauk Division continued, Patch ogue to Eastport Junction, opened June, 1881. (Eastport Junction to Bridgehampton is included under Sag Harbor Branch.) Bridge hampton to Amagansett, opened June 1, 1895, Amagansett to Montauk, opened Nov, 1, 1895." Letter from Mr. Frank E. Haff Sec'y of the L, I, R, R, X It stood on Main Street on the site of the Post Block until about twenty-five years ago, when the main portion was moved forming the present Ocean House, and the bar-room moved to the back of the lot where it stood until January, 1915. t W, S. Pelletreau in Southampton Press, Nov. 30, 1916. The Old Saw Mill at Seven Ponds (now destroyed) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 219 thumli. It used to be said that there had been rum enough drunk in that room to float a seventy-four ton sloop. Upstairs there was a curious row of bedrooms with moveable partitions which they took down when they had balls or when Court was to be held in the large room thus made. Later the Atlantic House also flour ished in Bridgehampton, its early "sign" being the fig urehead of an old ship, and the place being noted as far as New York for its game suppers, its latest proprietor, John AY Hull, having been famed both as a caterer and the crack shot of the East End, * In connection with the intellectual life of the period, the Sag Harbor Literary Society has already been men tioned in an earlier chapter as having been founded in 1807 Although to that village belongs the credit of the earliest society thus devoted to "culture," to Bridge hampton belongs that of founding the first circulating library in the Town in 1793. It consisted of but 173 vol umes and was lodged in the house of Mr. Levi Hildreth, whose only corapensation was perraission to read the books. At that time Stephen Burroughs, raore or less notorious throughout New England, was teaching school here and the formation of the library was largely due to his efforts, although the selection of the books was a matter of bitter controversy between him and the Rev. ]\Ir. AA'oolworth and their respective parties. This ? Mr. C. H, Hildreth 'wrote of this house: "The veterans among us recall the names of [proprietors] Mitchell, King, Gardi ner, Hedges, Penny and Weeks or 'Wicks, the latter a typical land lord of mammoth proportions weighing 400 pounds. This gentleman had a chair of special make for his accommodation which served him at night time for a bed. To nearly all adults now living here or in this vicinity, the name of John W. Hull recalls vivid memories, , . . His skill never failed to bring out the best quality in the oysters, pastry and coffee. On these occasions the upper rooms were filled with dancers, who, though they knew nothing of the new dances of today, were skilled in the performance of the grace ful old dances, the waltz, redowa, polka and schottishe, and who with the 'calling off' of the famous Cuffee brothers and 'Prof, Van Houten' followed the mazes of the lance and quadrille. . . . The parish oyster supper was for several years an annual event, taking place in the winter and brought together whole families from the remote parts of the parish," News, June 18, 1909. The building after being used as a Parish House by St, Ann's Church, which bought the property, was torn down in 1915 and the timber taken to Southampton, 220 HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON Burroughs, who later pubHshed his Memoirs in two vol umes, was a plausible individual, evidently possessing much personal magnetism and intellectual curiosity, a person of decided opinions and undecided morals. Much in advance of his time, and especially of his community, in his views, and with a penchant, apparently for shock ing those who lingered behind him, a conflict was in evitable. It was hardly to be expected, for example, that a large nuraber in the parish could readily forgive the fact that when he obtained the use of the Meeting House for a literary entertainment that it should take the' form of a presentation of "A Bold Stroke for a Wife!" He was finally forced out of the village, after a struggle which roused passions in this pastoral community that yet smouldered a full century later. As the catalogue of the library then founded * is short, and interesting as showing the reading matter of that day, I give it here in full, Raynal's Indies, 8 vols. Watt's Logic Rollin's Ancient History, 8 vols. Edwards on Original Sin Hist, of Modern Europe, 5 vols. Lathrop on Baptism Moore's France, 2 vols. Life of Charles Wentworth, Italy, 2 vols. 3 vols. Robertson's America, 3 vols. Hervey's Letters, 2 vols. Scotland, 2 vols. Cook's Travels, 2 vols. Mirabeau's Court of Berlin, Edwards' History of Redemption 2 vols. Goldsmith's Rome, 2 vols. Memoirs of Baron de Tott,2 vols. Waits' Gospel History Fordyce's Addresses Jennens' View Sermons to Young Lectures Women Beauties of History, 2 vols. Ramsey's Revolution, 2 vols. Knox on Education, 2 vols. Lin'n's Characteristical Sermons Miss Rowe's Letters Morse's Geography Bennett's Letters to a Lady Thomson's Seasons Memoirs of Baron Trenck Clerk's Vade Mecum Vision of Columbus Pope's Essay on Man Young's Night Thoughts Milton's Paradise Lost Humphrey's Works Conquest of Canaan Kaim's Art of Thinking Emma Corbett Spai-man's Voyage to the Cape of Beauties of the Magazine Good Hope, 2 vols. Gustavus Vasa Cowper's Task * "iThe present Hampton Library was organized 1876, opened 1877, the books now numbering over 10,000. Mr, Wm, Gardiner of New York gave the lot on which it stands and $10,000. Mr. Chas. Rogers gave $10,000 for building and books, and Mrs, Rogers be queathed $5,000. The Library has been free since 1905. The books originally numbered 3,523, Wm. Cullen Bryant advising Mr. Rogers in their selection. Roman Catholic Church, Southampton HISTORY OF THE TOH'N OF SOUTHAMPTON 221 Derham's Astro Theology Carver's Travels Watts Supplement Blair's Sermons, 2 vols. Fame s Rights of Man, 1st and Lavater's Aphorisms on Man 2d pts,, 2 vols. Moore's Monitor Montague's Letters, 3 vols. Gay's Fables Telemachus, 2 vols. Byron's Shipwreck Compleat Letter Writer Fool of Quality, 5 vols Newton on the Prophecies, 3 Hist, of Charles XII of Sweden -r-, 7 , , „ Evans on the Christian Temper Edwards on the Will Dickinson's Letters Death of Abel Weft and Lyttleton Doddridge's Rise and Progress Williamson's Sermons, 4 vols, of Religion Peter Pindar, 2 vols. Watts' Foundation of the Chris- Adams' View of Religion tian Church Dodd on Death Manners in Portugal, 2 vols. Franklin's Life Plutarch's Lives, 6 vols. England, Abridged Arabian Nights Entertainments, Bruce's Travels up the Nile 4 vols, Warville's Travels Neal's History of the Puritans, Cook's Voyages, Abridged 4 vols. Goldsmith's Animated Nature, Guthries' Geography. 4 vols, Brisson's Narrative French Revolution Mosheim's Ecclesiastical History Mills on Cattle Flavius Josephus, 6 vols. Mason on Self Knowledge Perry's Pronouncing Dictionary Watts' Miscellaneous Thoughts Clark's Farriery Paley's Philosophy Hervey's Meditations Clarissa Harlowe, 3 vols. Burke on the French Revolution British Moralist, 2 vols. ? Of the schools of that period, little can be said as to their architectural or other interest, save as they may figure in the personal reminiscence of those who at tended them. They were for the most part very small, the one at Hay Ground, for example, being only 15x25 ? The following books were offered for sale at the office of the L, I, Herald in Sag Harbor in 1791: Sterne's Works, 5 vols.; Gutheries' Grammar, late edition; Pope's Works; Christian's, Scholar's and Farmer's Magazine; The Messiah, by the author of the Death of Abel; Watts' Psalms, revised by Barlow; Sermons. for Children, by Samuel Spring; Holiday Exercises or the Chris tian A. B. C, In 1797 Dering, Fordham & Hedges offered Charlotte Temple, Inquisitor, Hapless Orphan, Tremer's Knowledge of Na ture, Sorrows of Worter (sic). Catechism of Nature, Life of Joseph, Blair's Sertnons. In 1798 Jonathan Hall offered Watts' Psalms, Watts' Miscellanies, Spalding's Letters, Scots Vindication, Re ligious Courtship, Hopkins on Holiness, Rowe's Devout Exercises, Beauties of Watts, Evans' Sketches, Watson for Christianity, Dyer's Title, Christian Consolation, Heaven Taken by Storm, Life of John Newton, Token for Children, Divine Breathings, Sermons to the Rich and Studious, Life of Joseph, Trimmer's Knowledge of Nature, Pelew Islands, Columbian Orator, Hawkins' Voyages, Lady's Library, American Preceptor, American Selections, American Youth, Fair Solitary, etc. 222 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON feet, were unceiled, and today would be accounted little better than sheds, * They always consisted of but one roora, heated by open fires, soraetimes one at each end, or by stoves. The interior of the one at Sagg is de scribed by one who attended it about 1834, and while trifling details might vary in other cases, it is probably fair to consider the description as typical, at least as to the extent of the luxury suggested, "The desks," wrote Mr. Hildreth, "were built against the side of the house on four sides of the room except at the door-way out into the entry. The seats were a continuous board in front of the desks over which the scholars had to climb to get to the desks. There were two long benches for small children, one made of pine for the girls and the other an oak slab with pegs driven into auger holes for legs. It was rough on the under side but the top side was almost as smooth as glass and about as hard. On this bench we little boys had to sit with folded hands, , There was a large Franklin Stove in the raiddle of the room in which they burned quantities of wood which made it very hot near the fire, but as the building was not underpinned the north-east wind blowing under the floor made it rather cold for the children's feet. . , . The older boys sat on the end of the bench near the stove and as they got warmed up the-y would come to the cold end and we little fellows were crowded down toward the stove and baked," ! In Southampton, the North End and South End Schools were originally one, it being taught, about 1795, by Wm, Herrick at 10 shillings a quarter, |1 It was held in a long low one-story building andwhenthedistrictwas divided so was the building which was sawai in two and half of it moved into the ne'w district, § rudimentary * For detailed accounts of those in the Bridgehampton neigh borhood, see Memorials, pp, 173-183. t C. H. Hildreth, News, Aug, 19, 1910. II John Rogers and Micaiah Herrick were assistants, Benj. Huntting, Caleb Cooper, Uriah Rogers and Bartlett Hinds, Trus tees. § This building was apparently the one that stood on Dr. Nugent's road, and when part was moved to the South End, that became District No. 6, while the North End was 16. Both buildings were replaced by new in the 60's and these in turn gave place to w^. - % ^ -(-j^mia |MKAfc*a 1 1 *^i 1 In 1 jSL? M d 1 ^S .¦*? -'*i 1 ^i i ^^^ PJ s 2 ' MM 1 ••J. •r:. " Garden Gate, Parrish Art Museum, Southampton Parrish Art Museum, Southampton HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 223 forms of architecture, like the lower forms of animal life, lending themselves to subdivision with little pain. The day of improved architecture in public build- higs, however, was at hand, and in 1843 the Presbyter ians in Southampton erected their present church edi fice, selling their old one which was subsequently bought by the Methodists the following year, t Methodist preaching apparently began in South ampton A'illage about 1835, * the denomination having the Union School in 1891, Jas, H, Foster being one of the prime movers in the founding of the latter. At a meeting held Mar, 14, 1830, at the old North End School, the project of an Academy and High School was considered and Wm, S, Pelletreau, James Post and David Chapman were appointed a committee to solicit funds. The building was erected 1831 and the school had a long career but the property was finally ordered sold May 18, 1893, t The follo^wing list includes the pastors of the Presbyterian Church during this period and down to the present time: Mr. An drews, Joshua Hart, Amos Bingham, all these were stated supply for unknown periods; Henry Fuller, 3 months; Herman Halsey, unkno'wn; John M, Babbitt, installed Nov, 19, 1817, resigned Apr. 18, 1821; Peter H, Shaw, June 9, 1821, ordained and installed Sept. 19, 1821, resigned June 2, 1829; Daniel Beers, Nov. 6, 1829, installed June 8, 1830, resigned Apr. 21, 1835; Hugh N. Wilson, stated sup ply Sept., 1835, installed June 29, 1836, resigned Apr, 13, 1852; John J, A. Morgan, June 26, 1852, ordained and installed Jan, 20, 1853, resigned Sept, 12, 1855; Elias N. Crane, stated supply Nov. 4, 1855, to Apr. 3, 1856; David Kennedy, stated supply Nov. 23, 1856, to Oct. 24, 1858; (Rev, Abijah Green substitute Dec, 10, 1856, to Feb. 7, 1857); Wm, Neal Cleveland, stated supply, Jan, 1, 1859, to July 2, 1863; Hugh N, Wilson, D, D., autumn of 1863, ordained and installed Sept. 25, 1864, resigned May 1, 1867; Frederic E. Shearer, Apr, 29, 1866, ordained and installed co-pastor Aug, 14, 1866, pastor May 1, 1867, resigned Mar, 6, 1870; Andrew Shiland, 1871-1883; Walter Condict, 1887-1888; Robert C. Hallock, 1889-1892; Richard S. Campbell, 1894-1908; Geo, Jeffrey Russell, 1909 to date, ? Meetings were originally held in homes and schools. Rev. H. Husted of Bridgehampton preaching. The old Presbyterian Church building was used until 1883 when the present church was built and dedicated Nov. 4, 1883; North Sea parsonage property bought about 1866; sold 1887 and new one built; church rebuilt and rededicated Dec. 20, 1903. Pastors have been Thos. G, Osborne, 1844-5; Mathias E, Willing, 1846; O. E. Brown, 1847; Levi S. Weed, 1848-9; Francis Bottom e, 1850; Wm. F. Smith, 1851; Henry C. Glover, 1852; Collinwood Rutherford, 1853-4; Thos. Stephenson, 1855; W. Howard, 1856; Wm. Dean, 1857; Supplies, L. A. Bos worth, 1858; Sidney K. Smith, 1859; C. A. Dickinson, 1860; W R. Webster, 1861; Thos. Laine, 1862-4; Pastor, Wm. Wake, 1865-7; Moses Lyon, 1868-9; Supply, Curtis Graham, 1870-2; Pastor, Alex. McAllister 1873-5; Daniel F. Hallock, 1876; J, Howard Hand, 1877-9- C W. Miller, 1880; Smith H. Piatt, 1881-3; Wm, A, Tay- 224 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON entered the field in Sag Harbor, as we saw in an earlier chapter, about 1807, In 1815, services were held in the old Hay Ground school house and a church built in Bridgehampton in 1820, ! About the sarae time that the Presbyterians in Southampton built their new church, those in Bridge hampton were moved by the same spirit, the present building being erected in 1842 and dedicated Jan, 17, 1843, X It is noteworthy that this church and the Hampton Plouse are the best two buildings of the period in the village, and that the artist Nathan Rogers should have built the one and been on the building committee of the other, * lor, 1884-6; C. W. Powell, 1887; J. W. Maynard, 1888-90; J. W. Peck, 1891; F. L. Townsend, 1892; L. K. Moore, 1893-5; (United revival meetings added about 100 each to the Methodist and Pres byterian Churches) F. B, Stockdale, 1896-7; W. E. Schofield, 1898- 1900; W. H, Barton, 1901-6; H, H, Dubois, 1907-10; Henry Medd, 1911-15; Chas. S. Gray, Apr., 1916 to date. ! The first church stood on Ocean Road, a little north of the present Kahle place. Soon after 1831 a new one was built on the Triangular Common dedicated June, 1833. This was moved to its present site 1871, and enlarged. The pastors have been: Reuben Harris, John Trippet, Samuel Mer-win, C. B. Sing, Geo. Hollis, S. Rushmore, Wm. Wake, L. D, Nickerson, Wm. Bangs, J, O, Worth, J, S. Haugh, Wm, Lawrence, J, Stanley D'Orsay, C, W. Gallagher, G. A. Graves, W. W, McGuire, E, H, Dutcher, A, C. Bowdish, John Brien, W. T. Hall, Wm, M, Carr. A. A. Lathabury, T, J. Shackelton, T, L. Price, H, Blatz, W. C, Wilson, Geo, L, Thompson, A. M. Wilkins, J. 'W. Eggleston, J, A. Swann. X The building committee consisted of Alfred Pierson, Henry White, Nathan Rogers, Hugh Halsey, Luther Halsey and David Halsey in addition to the Trustees, Richard Halsey, Sullivan Cook and Jas, H, Topping. Following Mr, Woolworth, the pastors have been: Amzi Francis, born West Hartford, Ct., July 31, 1793, or dained here Apr, 17, 1823, (began work here 1822), died here Oct, 18, 1845; Cornelius H. Edgar, D. D,, born Rahway, N. J., 1811, ordained here June 10, 1846, resigned Oct, 2, 1853, died Easton, Pa,, Dec. 22, 1884; David M. Miller, born Elizabethtovm, N, J., June 12, 1827, ordained here Apr, 27, 1854, died here June 29, 1855; Thos. M, Gray, installed here, Apr, 23, 1856, left Apr, 10, 1866; Wm, P, Strickland, D, D,, born Pittsburgh, Pa., Aug. 17, 1809, supplied here May 13, 1866, installed Oct, 5, 1875, retired Oct, 22, 1878; Sup plies between 1878 and Mar, 1, 1883, Samuel Dodd, Mr. Schaff, Mr. Frissell, Giles P. Hawley; Mar. 1, 1883, to date. Rev, Arthur Ne'wman. * Nathan Rogers was born at Bridgehampton Aug, 1, 1787, son of John T, Rogers. He was early apprenticed to a shipbuilder Nathan Sandford From "The Refugees of 1776 from L. T. to Conn.' HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 225 In the same period churches of new denominations were also founded in Sag Harbor, the Roman Catholics buying the old Methodist Church there in 1836 * and the Episcopalians the old Presbyterian Church in 1846, ! For the music in the churches early in the century, there were few printed books and those few would be borrowed and carefully copied out by hand, words and music both, with a quill pen, each girl making her own, and many of these manuscript volumes are still pre- at Hudson, N. Y., where his work was "to keep accounts, pay off the workmen and serve out the grog," A severe accident to his knee prevented his continuing and he returned to Bridgehampton, On a visit to Connecticut, he took some paints with him and began to work on miniatures. The family who gave him his start there was that of Capt, Danforth Clark of Saybrook, He went to New York and studied under Wood, who went to Philadelphia, leaving Rogers the field in New York, Dunlap (Hist, of the Rise and Progress of the Arts of Design in the U. S, 1834, Vol, II, pp, 251-3) states that he "has long been of the first in rank among American miniature painters," He was a member of the National Academy and acquired a fortune. Married, 1818, Caroline Matilda, dau, of Samuel Denison of Sag Harbor, Returned to Bridgehampton, built the Hampton House and died there Dec, 6, 1844, ? In 1824 there were 75 Catholics in Sag Harbor but it is unknown when mass was first celebrated. After purchase of the Methodist Church, they worshipped there until 1872, when the present Church, St, Andrews, and rectory, were built, the former enlarged and rededicated in 1892, The priests have been Fathers Cummusky, Byrne, O'Donnell, Larkin, Curran, McGinniss, O'Neill, Brunneman, McKenna, O'Callaghan, Heffernan, Dennison, Guerin, Jordan, White, Long, Conklin and Holran. The sisters of the Sacred Heart of Mary established themselves in their convent Mar, 1, 1877, and built a chapel in 1888, t Several churches in Brooklyn united in the Spring of 1845 in sending Rev. Henry Floyd Roberts as a missionary to Sag Harbor. Services were held in the Session Room of the Presby terian Church (now the Village Hall). Charter obtained Dec, 2, 1845, and old Presbyterian Church bought 1846, consecrated in Dec, by Rt. Rev. L. S, Ives, Bishop of No. Carolina. The new church was built 1884-5 (corner stone laid by Bishop Littlejohn, July 23, 1884) and Parish House (gift of the late Jas, Herman Aldrich) in 1912, The Rectory was the gift of Mrs, Aldrich and was built 1914, The Rectors have been: Revs. H. F. Roberts, 1845 to Apr., 1847; Rich ard Whittingham, 1847-Feb., 1849; Geo. C, Foote, Feb,, 1850-Oct. 1, 1852; Isaac Pardee, Jan. 1, 1853-Nov., 1854; Gurden Huntington, June, 1856-Mar., 1864; Wm. Mowbray, Mar,, 1864- Apr., 1865; Dr, David McDonald, 1865- Aug., 1869; Edward Hubbel, Jan, 1, 1870- May, 1872; Wm. Mowbray, 1872-July, 1875; J, J, Harrison, Sept, 1, 1875- July 1, 1884; Wm. B. Walker, Oct. 28, 1884-Nov,, 1885; J. B. Jennings, Jan. 11, 1886-Nov. 1, 1887; J. W. Smith, Apr, 6, 1888- June i; 1890; Gordon T. Lewis, 1891-1909; Francis V. Baer, 1909 to date. 226 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON served about here. In church the hymns were always "lined out" to the congregation, the note being given by a pitch pipe. Of Deacon Jeremiah Haynes, who led the music in the Bridgehampton church a century ago, we read that the choir occupied the front seats of the gal lery on all three sides and that "in the center of the one facing the pulpit stood the deacon; on his right was the counter; on his left stood the tenor; flanking the counter w^s the treble, and opposite that the bass. At the close of the reading of the hymn, the deacon an nounced the tune in a voice to be heard by all his forces, and consequently by all the congregation. Then raising his pitch pipe he gaye the key note, and turning to each part, and inclining his head toward them gave each, their sound. If either part failed to start right, his quick ear caught the discord, and with a tap, tap, tap on his pitch pipe stopped them short and took a new start." * The above account, in somewhat rambling fashion, gives the more important events in the story of the Town and pictures its life during the first half of the nineteenth century. ! The leading fact in the history of that period, however, was the development of the whal ing industry, which can be more adequately treated as a complete narrative in itself in the following chapter. ? Paper by Henry M. Rose, Express, Dec. 30, 1886. t Nathan Sanford, probably the most distinguished citizen the Town has produced, belongs to this period. He was bom at Bridge hampton Nov, 5, 1777, He studied at Yale but did not graduate. He was admitted to the bar in 1799 and practiced in New York City. Served as U. S, Commissioner in bankruptcy in 1802; U. S, District Atty, 1803-16; Member State Assembly, 1810-11; Speaker, 1811; State Senator, 1812-15; Delegate to the State Constitutional Con vention, 1821, where he introduced the amendment adopted abolish ing the property qualification for voters; was Chancellor of the State, 1823-25; was Dem, U. S. Senator from New York, 1815-21, and served a second term in the same office, 1825-31, He was married three times, his third wife being Mary Buchanan, whom he married in the White House, President J. Q. Adams being her nearest relative. He received the honorary degre of LL, D. from Columbia in 1823 and died at Flushing Oct, 17, 1838, In the Presi dential election of 1824 he received 30 votes in the Electoral College for Vice President, In 1822 he was suggested as Minister to one of the South American countries a'nd in 1823 as a possibility for Minister to France by the President, See Memoirs of J, Q, Adams; Lamb's Biographical Dictionary; Hammond's Political Parties in New York State; Stanwood Hist, of Presidential Elections, Etc. Whaleship Manhattan (From an old print) CHAPTER XI GROWTH AND DECLINE OF THE WHALING INDUSTRY In the earliest days of the settlement, whahng al ready formed one of the industries of the Httle colony, whales at that time being fairly plentiful off the coast and by no means as shy as they subsequently became after much hunting. Even before the coming of the whites, the Indians had practiced whale fishing in a primitive fashion, which is described for us in Way- mouth's Journal of his voyage to America in 1605 : "One especial thing," he says, speaking of the In dians, "is their manner of killing the whale, which they call powdawe; and will describe his form; how he bloweth up the water; and that he is twelve fathoms long; and that they go in company of their king with a multitude of their boats; and strike him with a bone, made in fashion of a harping iron fastened to a rope, which they make great and strong of the bark of trees, which they veer out after hira ; then all their boats come about him as he riseth above water, with their arrows they shoot him to death; when they have killed him and dragged him to shore, they call all their chief lords together and sing a song of joy; and those chief lords, whom they call sagamores, divide the spoil and give to every man a share, which pieces so distributed, they hang up about their houses for provisions; and when they boil them, they boil off the fat and put to their pease, maize and other pulse which they eat." * * Quoted in Starbuck, 228 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON They had a particular fondness for the fins and tails when roasted, and these were considered one of the most acceptable offerings which they could make, to their deities. The retention of these tidbits was often raade part of their agreements with the whites, and in the deed given by them for the Montauk peninsula it was specified that they were "to have the fynns and tails of all such whales as shall be cast up," ! To the Town of Southampton probably belongs the distinction of first organizing whaling as an industry, and so far as I have been able to discover, the earliest picture of whaling in America is the little design in the Thornton Map which is reproduced in this volume, and which happens to show a priraitive whale chase off the Southarapton coast. The first step toward organizing the business seeras to have been taken in 1644 when it was ordered "for the prevention of disorder" that the Town should be divided into four wards, with eleven persons in each ward, * two of whom should be chosen by lot to cut up any drift whales cast up on the beach, and also that after storms and at other times persons should be deputed to patrol the beach looking for whales, % These regulations were t E. H, T, R, Vol, I, p. 3. ? "ffor the first ward William Barnes, Geo. Wood, Thomas Cooper, Richard Stratton, Job Sayre, Thomas Burnet, John White, William Mulford, Thomas Halsey, Junr., Thomas Talmage, Senr., and Mr. Johnes. 2, ffor ye second ward, Richard laques, Thomas Talmage, Junr,, Mr, Pierson, Robert Rose, Mr. Gosmer, Thomas Halsey, Senr., Mr. Stanborough, Richard Barret, Richard Post, Thomas Tomson, Robert Talmage. 3. ffor the third ward Richard Gosmer, Arthur Bostock, Henry Pierson, John Hande, Thomas Hyldreth, John Mulford, John Moore, Ellis Cook, Robert Bond, ffulk Davies & Mr, Howe. 4. ffor the fourth ward, John Cooper, Senr,, Tristrum Hedges, John Cooper, Junr,, John Cory, Mr, Howell, Mr, Odell, John Howell, Richard Smith & Thomas Sayre," T, R. Vol, I, p, 32. X T. R. Vol. I, pp. 31 et seq. "Yf by the providence of God there should be henceforth within the bounds of this plantation any whale or whales cast up, ffor the prevention of disorder yt is consented unto that there shall be fowre wards in this towne, eleaven persons in each ward, and by lott two of each ward (if any such whales be cast up) shall be employed for the cutting out of the sayd whales; who for their paynes shall have a double share, and for every Inhabitant with his child or servant that is above sixteen years of age, shall have, in the division of the other part an -(^fi, fiT^/>f/^ ^ ^ \^yi ^-,^?^,. ^C^^fi"^^^' '/>:yi^ ^;f^^,^'~:P:y<.^^'^-.tg^^y< — ^C^.^ :i^W c^cy^;:^^^ .^if.y^ ..^ •^y!.^J?^^^.t^^. y:^'^i^ n. y^^^yit^yz.^ ^-,„., ¦^^'^2' i^ji^-xif,^..^' X-^/i?ti_- .^^^ya^^ yry>yi^ ^y'^^ j;^ ^^j^^^^ ¦A ¦y'.K^y.- ^::^^ w/r^yyt y-t^y /; iry / '/yJ-^i '" Page from Log Book of Captain Mercator Cooper HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 229 sHghtly altered in 1645, when it was ordered that no man should take any part of a drift whale under penalty of 20s, fine, and that whoever should find any whales cast up should notify the Magistrate and receive 5s, for his trouble, provided, however, if it "were upon the lord's daye that then the aforesaid five shillings shall not be due and payable." * The amusingly canny intent of this clause is obvious. A couple of years later it was ordered that "the profit of whales and the burthen of opening the beach for the mill, and all rates, levyes, and taxes, the kilHng of wolves and all other payments arising for any cause or reason whatsoever shall . be divided, re ceived and payed by lands according to what every man hath in his possession," ! So far there is nothing to indicate that the people did anything save to gratefully accept such whales as were by hard luck and the kindness of Providence cast up on the beach, of which there must have been many, judging by the frequent legislation on the subject. In 1650, however, there appears the record of the forma tion of the first private corapany in the whaling industry in America, and it is evident that this coinpany, com posed of John Ogden and others, contemplated going equall proportion, provided that such person when yt falls in to his ward. [be] a sufficient man to be imployed about yt. And yt is further agreed upon that there shall be in each ward eleven persons. . . . Yt is further ordered that Mr. Howell, Mr. Gosmer and Robert Bond shall give notice after any storm or according to their dis cretion unto two persons as they are before mentioned, and so from tyme to tyme unto two other persons, one of which two shall goe to viewe and espie yf there be any whales cast up as far as the South Harbor and the other shall go unto the third pond beyond Mecocks, begining at the windmill. And yf any person (whose turn it is) who hath Information to goe upon discovery and shall not faythfully performe the same shall eyther pay ten shillings or be whipped." T. R. Vol. I, p. 41. ? T. K. Vol. I, p. 41. t T. R. Vol. I, p. 44, (1647) This interesting basis of division by lands was retained ,the next year (Dec, 1648) when it was ordered that the Town should be divided into four quarters and each quarter should, in rotation, take charge of cutting up any whale cast ashore, the quarter receiving for their trouble one- fourth of the whale, and yet sharing, on the land basis, with all the others in -the remainder. T. R, Vol, I, p. 53, There was a new arrangement made in 1653, T, R. Vol, I, p, 91, 230 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON out to sea to seek out the whalers, leaving those which might drift onto shore to the Town as before. This ex clusive privilege was renewed, with sHght modifications to "Mr, Odell and Mr, Ogden and their company" in 1654, and in 1658 there was a new and more detailed agreement with a company which, though unnamed, was doubtless Mr. Ogden's. || The following year Wyandanch and his son sold to Lyon Gardiner "all the bodys and bones of all the whales that shall come upon the land or come ashore from the place called Kitchaminfchoke unto the place called Enoughquanuck, only the fins and tayles of all, we re serve for ourselves and Indians for the space of 21 years." * This agreement was assigned to Anthony Waters of Southarapton, who in turn sold and assigned it to Thomas Cooper "in consideration of the horse hee last broke come 3 years old." ! This, however, was again a matter of drift whales but in 1667 by much the most arabitious attempt yet made was undertaken by a company, including John Cooper, which agreed to procure a vessel with a crew^ of 13 men and a boy to make a voyage "for the terme of six months certaine and eight months uncertain to Roanoak or those parts upon the design of killing or getting whales or great fish for ye procureing of oyle." t The season for the work off the coast here was from November to April, and in 1669 Samuel Maverick wrote that "on the east end of Long Island 12 or 13 whales II "30 Jan., 1650. It is ordered at the saide generall court that Mr. John Ogden Senior of Northampton [North Sea — the Atlantic was called the South Sea] shall have free liberty without interruption from the Inhabitants of Southampton to kill whales upon the South Sea at or within any part of the bounds of the said towne for the space of seaven years next ensuing the date hereof & that in that space noe liberty shall be granted to any by the said inhabitants to any other person or persons . , . provided that he or his company doe proceed in the same design and do not delay but do somewhat effectual in the business within a yeare, as alsoe the said Mr. John Ogden nor his company shall not deny the townes inhabitants claiming priviledge formerly belonging to them in the dead whales yt shall be accidentally cast upon the shoares." T. R. Vol, I, p, 70, Also pp, 71 and 126, * T, R, Vol, I, p, 34, -i- T, R, Vol, I, p. 36. X T, R, 'Vol, 1, p, 50. a oo •o wo w oc 3 ¦o HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 231 were taken before the end of March," § It was about this time, apparently, that the industry was becoraing really profitable, for in 1672 the three Eastern Towns in a petition to King Charles stated that they had "en deavoured above these twenty years, but could not bring it to any perfection till within these 2 or 3 yeares last past" II and evidences of activity also steadily increase from now- on in the records of agreements with individ ual Indians to go to sea upon the "whale design." * AA'ith the growth of the industry, the attention of the governors at New York was called to it and efforts were made to obtain a revenue from it, which, however, so over-reached themsehes that the industry was nearly ruined. These culminated in 1711 when (^ov. Hunter, after requiring all Southampton companies to take out licenses from himself, claimed and took one-half of all the oil and bone of captured whales, and granted to one Richard AA'ood exclusive possession of all stranded whales, reserving to himself one-half also of these. In 1716 Samuel Mulford of Easthampton, journeyed to England and succeeded in having the Governor's claims denied. It is related that at first he found it hard to gain a hearing as a pro\ incial and a stranger in that great § Letter to Col. Nicholls, Whitehall, dated Apr., 1669. Cal, State Papers Col, Ser, 1669-74, p, 20, II N. Y, Col. Docts. Vol. Ill, p. 197. By 1687 there were 7 companies engaged in whaling with try works as follows: Lt. Henry Pierson & Co., Sagaponack; John Cook & Co., Mecox; Isaac Raynor & Co., Wickapogue; Francis Sayre & Co., Southampton; Joseph Pierson & Co., Shinnecock Point; Thos, Stephens & Co,, Quogue; John Jessup & Co,, Ketchaponack, ? Among many agreements which might be cited are those of John Howell, Joseph Raynor, Richard Howell and their part ners in 1670 with Paquanag and other Shinnecock Indians to whale for the company for three years for the same pay as the past three years, and in addition each to have an iron pot such as John Cooper gave his Indians, In the same year, Towsacum and Philip, Indians, hired themselves to Josias Laughton to whale off Mecox for each season for 3 Indian coats, 1 pr. of shoes, "or a buck neck to make them," 1 pr, of stockings, 3 lbs, of shot, 1% lbs. of powder and a bushel of Indian corn. The agreements in 1675 allowed the In dians a half share in the catch, the whites to provide the utensils and do the carting. T. R, Vol, II, p. 197. The Indians seemed to show a special aptitude for the work and long continued it, the last, Moses Walker, a blooded Montauk of Sag Harbor, being lost on the New Bedford whaler Amethyst, of which he was mate, in the Arctic, 1887. 232 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON capital, and even had his pockets picked several times, tradition recording that he then sewed fish hooks in thera and so caught the next offender, an exploit which gave him great notoriety and a considerable vogue, and greatly facihtated his mission, * For the next half century "boat whaling" off the coast was kept up so constantly as to cause the whales * The following letter from Daniel Sayre to "Mr, George Clark, Chiefe Secretary att New Yorke" gives details of the in dustry at that time. (N. Y. Col. Mss, 54:188,) "Hond. Sr. After humble Service These may Enform you that I sent you a 2d Leter but fearing it may not be Come to your hand, these may Enform you Concerning ye Oyl, 1: Daniel Miller Saith that mr. John Gardiner's Company of eighteen men & Mr, Samll Mulfords company of twenty foure men have goten Aboute two barrills a mam 2 and: Capt, Theophylus Howell, Elisha Howell & Lemuel Howell with twelve men in thare Company hath got twenty two barrills of oyl, I am informed by Joseph Moor Junr one of ye same Company, 3 and: Capt, Josia Toping, Theoder Pierson, Stephen toping, & Hezeciah Toping hath seven barrills as Theoder Person enf orms me to twelve men, 4, John Micheli, Thos, Sanford, Benjamin Howell, Thos. Howell, twelve men in Company by Comon Fame have Seven bar rills to thare Company. 5. 'Isaac Rainer, Daniel Halsey, Jonathan Howell, & Edward Howell with twelve men in the Whale Company have twenty fore barrills as John Sayre enforms me. 6. Thomas Halsey enforms me that twenty foure men in Com pany Thomas Stephens Jame Coper Henry person & lchabod Sayre being owners have gote two barrills and half to A man. 7, Hezeciah Howell, Samll Johnes & John Coper in Company of twelve men have foure barrills A man as Thos. Halsey enforms me & Hezeciah Howell Draws one halfe of it. 8, Justis Richard Smith & Israeli Howell & moses Culver 12 men in Company have twenty nine barrills & % of oyle they lost thare bone by ye conue overseting. Richard Smith Draws halfe ye boat share, I am enformed by Abraham Coper, Collanel Floyds and the Rest of Setooket mens oyl I have no certain account of. Nor at Islips what they have thare. Sr. you Wrought to me concerning ye Drifts, thare hath bin but one this year of About 20 barrills as Capt. Stephs had ac quainted his Excelcy as he told me but If you please to Impower me, I will take all ye care I can of ye Queans Whales for ye future for Capt, Stephens I think will take care no more in this World he being very Dangerously Sick if not dead. 'Which with my humble Deuty to his Excy is offered by Yor most humble Servant Daniel Sayre Brigham pton Aprill ye 18th 1711. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 233 to become both very scarce and shy, and cruises further out to sea became necessary, so that in 1760, we find the sloops Good Luck, Success and Dolphin, owned by Joseph Conkling, John Foster and others, cruising in the Atlantic. * These were small ^'essels, not fully equipped, and the blubber had to be brought ashore to be "tried out," the earliest vessel fitted with try works on board being the Hope, sent out in 1784 by the Gardi- ners. The first vessel to sail after the Revolution, how ever, was the little schooner Baglc, Capt. Ephraim Ford ham, for cruises off the South coast of the Island. Sag Harbor owners re-entered the business, which had been seriously interfered with by the war, t in 1785, sloops and schooners then giving place to brigs, and a decade later to ships, the voyages for raany years being off the coast of Brazil. Necessity, however, gradually com pelled the search for newer grounds and the coast of japan was visited in 1819, Zanzibar in 1828, Kanischatka in 1843, while in 1848 Capt. Royce, of Sag Harbor, in the bark Superior passed through Behring Strait. The length of the voyages also steadily increased until by the time the terrible disaster overtook the Arctic fleet in 1871, 1 ships occasionally stayed out as long as six years and then returned with only a part cargo. During the first half of the century, the industry suffered severe set-backs in the AA'ar of 1812, the fire in Sag Harbor in 1817, and the terrible one in the same village in 1845, in which latter fifty-seven shops, stores and warehouses, as well as many other buildings, were destroyed and a loss of $200,000' to $250,000 incurred, § The period of greatest prosperity in the business, how ever, was the decade from 1837 to 1847, culminating in the latter year. The Sag Harbor fleet numbered fifty \essels, (with eleven more from Greenport registered * For a list of whaling voyages out of Sag Harbor, see Ap pendix XVIII. •|- Apparently, however, Starbuck's statement that Sag Harbor lost one or more vessels by capture is incorrect. J Thirty-four were caught in the ice off Point Belcher and 1,200 seamen wrecked. § Fire started 12.30 A. M, Nov. 14, 1845, Hedges, Sa,g Har bor Address, pp, 25 et seq. The Sag Harbor Fire Dept, is the oldest organized in Suffolk County, dating from 1819, 234 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON in its custom house), and during the ten years brought in cargoes valued at $6,500,000, of which nearly a mil lion was brought in in 1847, ! In that year, there were thirty-two arrivals, five ships returning on one day alone and dropping anchor in Gardiner's Bay, Of the now quiet village in those busy days, I quote the following picture frora the pen of a Sag Harbor man, Mr. H. D. Sleight, who wrote : % "What a scene of bust ling activity the wharves and streets of Sag Harbor pre sented when the cry of 'Ship in the bay' was heard. Custom set, a color on Beebe's mill, in Suffolk Street, and the lighthouse keeper at Cedar Island flew the Stars and Stripes to the breezes. Everybody rushed to the waterfront to learn what ship or ships had returned. The owners, aristocrats dressed in long-tailed coats and plug hats would embark in a small sloop and go down to the lighthouse to be the first to board the returning voyagers. If deeply laden, some vessels had to be light ened before coming in to Long Wharf. And then came the discharging of cargoes. There was work for every body. The oil and t)one was transferred to packet sloops after being .= et ashore for gauging. The ships were provisioned and refitted for the outward bound voyage. Battered and weather-beaten the vessels w^ent into the hands of the workmen. They were hove dow-n to be sheathed and recoppered. Riggers, carpenters, masons, coopers, caulkers, iron-workers found ropes and spars to be replaced, timbers and planks to be renewed, try works to be set up, casks to be stowed, seams to be caulked and pitched, and gear to be replaced. Painters sw^armed over the hull, ancl grocers' and warehouse clerks and stipercargoes ran to and fro taking orders and delivering provisions. Each ship had to be watered and a whale ship carried many thousand gallons of the in dispensable fluid, as many months elapsed before port t The leading firms at that time were Marcus B, Osborne, S, & B, Huntting, Mulford & Sleight, Charles T, Dering & Co,, Luther D, Cook, Huntting Cooper, S, & N, Howell, Josiah Douglas & W. G, Howell, John Budd, Cook & Green, Tiffany & Halsey, Post & Sherry, Mulford & Howell, Thomas Brown, Ezekiel Mulford, S. L, L'Hommedieu, X. Mr. Sleight published an exceedingly valuable series of articles on the whaling business in the Corrector in 1906, Captain Mercator Cooper HISTORY Oh THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 235 would be made again. * . . . Portuguese sailors, Hawaiians, Fijians, Malays, Ethiopians and Montauk and Shinnecock Indians, a motley crew, all good whale men, walked the streets, showing scrim-shawn work and gim-cracks, flush with money, spending and giving away lavishly. Drunk but good-natured they rolled along the Main Street promenade, laboring like ships in a heavy gale, literally 'half seas over.' The frolic ended all too soon. A fortnight ashore, or maybe longer, and the whalemen were away again for two and three year cruises. Often the Kanakas and Indians became rum crazed. They were then taken and locked up aboard the ships at anchor in the bay, and to this day the anchorage ground is called 'Indian Jail' and the headland of North Haven, close bv, received the name of 'Sulk's Neck,' [Sullen Point],"' ! The very next year, however, marked the beginning of the long decline. In 1848 ship after ship returned from voyages of from two to four years as losing \'en- tures. People turned to manufacturing and other lines of business, but unsuccessfully in competition with New * "Previous to 1827 the Aqueduct Co, had a pumping station near the foot of Division St. at the corner of Bay St. Pipes ran down on Long Wharf to supply the ships with water; a horse travelled around in a circle and worked an apparatus that ran the pump." A steam engine was installed later, and the Co. operated as late as 1850. Before it was formed the ships' casks were rolled up Main St. to the town pump in front of Elliot's Block. t An odd Indian picture of about that time is given by Mr. Oliver R, Wade in a paper read before the Sag Harbor Hist. Soe, in 1908: "Who recalls Jason Hoopete, the old Montauk Indian? Far down the street would come the cry, 'Here comes Jason!' Tall and swarthy, with his long hair floating in the wind, came Jason, and all the boys fled to their yards and shuddered as he passed. In our childish minds, an Indian was only a savage in suspense and liable at any time to revert to barbarism. When he reached Cooper's shop, he was greeted with great heartiness. The axes and adzes were laid aside and then came the wild barbaric dance of the coopers, with Jason as the central flgure. The music was the rhyth mic clatter of the wooden truss hoop driver, a piece of wood two feet long, held in the center, and as the cooper drove the truss he clattered the ends on the staves, which gave a roaring cadence. How they danced and shrieked. The windows were crowded with the faces of the boys who had seen the dance before and never wanted to miss one. The dance over, the men wiped their sweating faces and arms, shook hands with Jason, who came out and took his way to Smith's on the Dock, where 'fire water' was to be had and a vast longing to be appeased." 236 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON England, The expenses of the business had increased enormously from the days of one year cruises when it cost ten or twelve thousand dollars to outfit, to the later voyages which had to be outfitted for a three or four years' absence, and the whales themselves were scarcer and shyer. Petroleum also had been discovered and the whale ships had to compete with the Pennsylvania oil wells. But perhaps the greatest blow of all was the dis covery of gold in California, with the resultant rush of hardy and courageous seamen, discouraged by the sud den hard times in their old work. It has been estimated that oyer 250 men from this Town alone left for the diggings in the early days. Men simply could not be got here to man the whale ships, and vessels touching at any ports in 1849-50 were immediately deserted by their crews. The whale fishery came to a standstill, and with it the prosperity of Sag Harbor, Nor did the new venture result in compensating success, for no one one from this Town became rich in the gold fields, A few made small amounts, many died during their wanderings and many more remained permanently in the West. Of the trials and experiences of those who had hoped for sudden riches, ample evidence is given in the interesting series of letters from Mr. Albert Jagger, of Southampton Village, to his wife, given in Appendix XIX.* * "The grand rendezvous (in San Francisco) for distressed Long Islanders was an old house on the lower end of Commercial St. The building in question was rented by Sam Tribe Hildreth, of Sag Harbor, a beef -buying native of the isle. He extended to his brethren the hand of fellowship. When they came down from the mines, broke, strapped, sick, weary and discouraged, whither went they ? To the Contra Costa market, of course. The building was two stories and a half high. The second floor was occupied by the lodgers. Sometimes there were four, sometimes eight, some times a dozen. They never had any money. In that peculiarity they preserved a remarkable uniformity. They went to bed all hours of the night and got up all hours of the day. There they smoked their pipes and talked of whales and home, for home and whales were intimately associated in their minds. The garret was full of baggage, left during a series of years, uncalled for. There were piles of trunks, sea chests, rolls of blankets, guns, pistols and all the rest of the needfuls, and more of the needless articles brought by the early adventurers to California. The owners for the most part never came back. Their bones are lying heaven knows where, for many were never heard of after leaving the city." H, D, Sleight. Stranded Bark, Clan Galbraith Whaling off Southampton about 1690 (Detail from Thornton's Map) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 237 Companies were quickly made up for the new spec ulation as they had been thirty years before for whahng, at which time James Fenimore Cooper had inaugurated that mode of outfitting, as narrated in a previous chap ter. The hrica, Sabina, Huron, Sierra Nevada, Cadmus (the ship which had brought Lafayette to this country), Hamilton (little), Ann Mary Ann, Hungarian, Robert Bruce, San Diego, Acasta, Storm, Amelia and Draco were all withdrawn from whaling and entered the California venture. * By 1850 most of the old whaling firms had retired from business, although some younger raen took their places, ! and a jump in the price of oil and bone in 1855 caused, for a time, a slight return of activity in the in dustry, eighteen vessels being employed at that time, but in 1871 the long story of Sag Harbor whaling came to an end with the sailing of the Myra, condemned at the Barbadoes three years later. During the life of the industry, vessels not only sailed from Sag Harbor but were built there also, prob ably before 1780. Prior's shipyard was established in 1795, Stephen Howell built a ship in 1806, while a little later, Benj. AA'ade's yard was near Peter's Green, Budd's over on North Haven, Post & Sherry's at the foot of Division Street and there were a number of others. t The old whaling ships met with many ends. The keels of the Thames and the Fair Helen are embedded in the sand off Conkhn's Point. The Andes burned to the water's edge and sunk on the east side of the channel off Long AA'harf, where a sand bar formed over her, known ? They cleared respectively about Oct,, 1848, Feb. 3, 1849, June 19, 1849, Aug. 28, 1849, Oct, 20, 1849, Oct, 23, 1849, Oct, 27, 1849, fall of 1849, May 1, 1850, May 13, 1850, Sept, 14, 1850, May 25, 1852, Aug. 12, 1854 and Aug. 12, 1854, See Memorials pp, 287 et seq. t Among the newer men were Thomas Bro-wn, Huntting Coo per, Wm. R. Post, John Budd, Gilbert H, Cooper, Chas, T, Dering and Wm. Cooper; and, a little later, W. & G, Cooper, J, E, & E. Smith, H. & S. French, Wade & Brown, O. R. Wade and others, H. & S. French outfitted whalers down to 1871. X Among other vessels built at the Harbor were the La'vinia, Gov. Clinton, Octavia, Hanibal, O, C, Raymond, Charlotte, Harriet, Victory, Hamilton, Merchant, San Nevada, Storm, Line Gale, Weather Gauge, Mary Gardiner and Black Eagle. 238 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON as "Andes Shoal," Many were stripped and burnt merely for the old copper in them. Those that went into the CaHfornia trade have already been named. The Bnierald, Timor and Noble were among the first vessels bought by the Federal Government to form the "stone fleet" which was sunk off the entrances to Charleston and Savannah harbors in 1861 to prevent blockade-running. Many were wrecked, the Gov. Clinton in a typhoon off Japan, the Hamilton near the Rio Grande in 1845 (with $100,000 catch on boaird), the Konohassett on Pell's Isl and in 1846, the Romulus at Honolulu in 1849, the Franklin off the coast of Brazil in 1850, the Gem off Suwarrow Island in 1848, the Washington on Pitt's Isl and in 1851, the William Tell on East Cape in 1859, the Pacific on Behring's Island in 1866, the Potosi on the Falkland Islands in 1832, the Telegraph at the Mar quesas in 1835, while the Ocean which sailed in 1866 has never been heard from. The Weather Gauge was caught and burned by the Alabama in 1862. The Martha 2d, in which Capt. Geo. S. Tooker of Sag Harbor carried the first American consul to Japan, as well as eight other vessels was captured and burned by the Confederate cruiser Shenandoah in Behring's Strait in 1865. * The Concordia and Thomas Dickason were among those caught in the ice and lost in the great disaster of 1871. Sometimes, however, vessels of the whaling fleet would mysteriously disappear for a time on strange er rands. The nature of these was sometimes unpleas antly, as well as unprofitably, brought to light by gov ernment activity, as in the case of the Montauk. This ship had been sold in 1860 and was lying tied up at Long Wharf when purchased by a man named Quayle and sent elsewhere to be fitted out. A coinpany was formed and clearance papers taken out as usual for a wdialing voyage, but the ship sailed direct to the Congo, took several hundred slaves on board, and was just about to successfully land them in Cuba when overhauled and confiscated by a United States cruiser. It was said that the Harbor lost rather heavily in this little venture. ? For an account of the burning of the fleet see Memorials, pp, 280 et seq. J3.5 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 239 The Augusta also suffered an unfortunate lapse from her otherwise virtuous respectability and there was also the bark "Haidcc" which bore a remarkable re semblance to a Sag Harbor whaler of another name whose record in whaling at one point it is extremely difticult to trace. This vessel cruised off the AVest coast of Africa for forty days and took on board 1,133 negroes, two hundred of whom died on the subsequent voyage to Cuba, where, however, the survivors were safely landed and sold. She then stood out to sea, and the Captain, after paying off the crew, inforraed thera that the ship had no papers. It was decided to go to the East End of Long Island, as the crew voted that they "would be safe there," and the bark could be scuttled when Montauk Point was neared, the shore reached and a plausible story of shipwreck made use of sufficient for East End susceptibilities. The programme was carried out, and one boat landed at Montauk and the other on the Con necticut shore, nothing ever coming of the judicial pro ceedings which were instituted. This was in September, 1858, and seven Portuguese sailors were soon in Sag Harbor with a plentiful store of Spanish gold. They were sheltered by one of their countrymen there, and before the U. S. Deputy Marshal arri\ ed, six had disap peared and the seventh, who'was ill on arrival, had died. Over his grave in Oakland Cemetery is a stone with the inscription : "Dead Men Tell No Tales," and a short verse. In the same cemetery are buried over thirty-six whaling captains, and there, also, is the monument to the six who were killed in the service betw^een 1838 and 1846 in actual encounter with the infuriated brutes. It is notew'orthy that the oldest of the six was but thirty years of age. * In a town where hundreds were an- ? On one side is the inscription: "To commemorate that noble enterprise the whale fishery; and a tribute of lasting respect to those bold and enterprising shipmasters. Sons of Southampton, who perilled their lives in a daring profession and perished in actual encounter with the monsters of the deep." On the other side are the names of the Captains: Charles W, Payne, aged 30; Stratton H, Harlow, aged 27; Alfred G, Glover, aged 29; Richard S. Top ping, aged 29; William H, Pierson, aged 30; John E. Howell, aged 28. 240 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON nually engaged in this pursuit for a long period of years, the stories of adventures as well as accounts of those -vyho spent their lives in the business, are, of course, innumerable, and no attempt can be made to give more than a few of the more typical or interesting incidents. Aside from the usual dangers of storm and wreck, to which all who sail the seas are liable, the main ad ditional risk to those engaged in whaling arose, of course, in fighting the whales themselves. As just noticed, the six captains commeraorated on the whaling monument, all died in such encounters. Sometimes, as in the case of Capt. Richard S. Topping of Bridgehamp ton, none survived the fight to tell the tale. When only 29, but in command of the ship Thorn, he had his own boat stove in by a sperm whale. He then got into the mate's boat to continue the struggle but in some way he and the mate and five men, all who were engaged in that last fight, perished. In another case, however, that of Capt. James R. Huntting, we have a graphic account of such an en counter, given in the Captain's own words as narrated by Capt. Davis. * "My second mate had fastened to a large whale that seemed disposed to be ugly; so I pulled up and fastened to her also. I went into the bow and darted my lance, but the whale rolled so that I missed the life and struck into the shoulder blade. It struck so deep into the bone (perhaps through it) that I could not draw it out ; the whole body of the whale shivered and squirmed as though in great pain. Then, turning a Httle, she cut her flukes, taking the boat amidships. The broadside was stove in, and the boat rolled over, the crew having jumped into the sea. I cut the Hne in the chocks at the same moment, to save being run under with a kink. The crew were soon safely housed on the bottom of the upturned boat, or swim ming and clinging to the keel. The second mate wanted to cut his line and pick us up, but I foolishly told him to * Davis, Nimrod of the Sea. Capt, Huntting stood 6 feet 6, and was a man of proverbial strength. For a longer account of him, as well as of other Bridgehampton captains, see Memorials, pp. 266-282, Oi r- HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 241 hold on and kill the whale ; that we were doing quite as w^ell as could be expected. But I had bragged too soon. Just then the whale came up on the full breach, and striking the boat, he went right through it, knocking men and wreck high in the air. Next the great bulk fell over sideways, like a small avalanche, right in our midst; and spitefully cut the corners of her flukes right and left. In the surge and confusion two poor fellows went down and we saw no sign of them afterward, and the water was so dark, stained with blood, that we could not see into it."As the whale came feeling around with her nose, she passed close by me, I was afraid of the flukes, and got hold of the warp, or iron pole or her small or some thing, and towed a little way until she slacked speed a little. Then I dove under, so as to clear the flukes, and came up astern of thera. I was in good time ; for having felt the boat she turned over and threshed the spot with a number of blows in quick succession, pounding the wreck into splinters. She must have caught sight of me, for she came up on a half breach, and dropped her head on rae, and drove rae half stunned deep under water. Again I came up near the small, and again dove under the flukes. From this time she seemed to keep me in sight. Again and again — the mate told me after ward — she would run her head in the air and fall on ray back, bruising and half drowning rae as I was driven down into the water. "Sometimes I caught hold of the line, or some thing, attached to the mad brute, and would hold on until a sweep of the flukes would take my long legs and break my hold. The second mate's boat had cut long ago, and watched her chance to pick up the surviving crew, but had not been able to reach me, for when the whale's eye caught the boat, she would dash for it so wickedly that the whole boat's crew became demoral ized, owing to the loss of the two men, and the sight, to thera more terrible than to me perhaps, of the peril the Captain was in. To husband ray strength I gave over swiraming, and, treading water, I faced the danger, and several times by sinking avoided the blows frora her '242 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON head. As a desperate resource, I strove with my pointed sheath knife to prick her nose. * I did all a strong man was in duty bound to do to save his life. The cooper, who was ship keeper, ran down with the ship, intending t(j cut between the whale and myself, but we were at too close cjuarters. He was afraid to run me down lest he tear me with the ragged copper. Thus for three- quarters of an hour that whale and I were fighting; the act of breathing became labored and painful; my head and shoulders were sore from bruises, and my legs had been pounded by her flukes, but it was not until I found myself swimming with my arms alone, and that my legs were hanging paralyzed, that I felt actually scared. Then it looked to me as if I couldn't hold out much longer; I had seen the ship close beside me, and the second mate's boat trying to get in to me, and throwing me lines, or something to float on, but I had failed to reach them. Now these things seemed very far off; and that was the last I remembered until I came to on board the ship," AA'atching their chance, the mate's crew finally reached the captain and got him on board the vessel, where, as he says, it was several weeks before he could take his place at the head of his boat again. On another occasion, when he was boat-steerer, his boat was stove and he became entangled in the Hne which was attached to the whale, and was rapidly draw-n down into the depths as the whale sounded. He finally succeeded, however, in cutting the rope w-ith his knife and rose to the surface almost exhausted. Many had neither the captain's strength nor for tune, however, and were carried off by whales never to be seen again. In 1766 a sperm whale capsized Capt, Clarke's boat, seized his son in his jaws and disappeared. Another case, among many, was that of Jonathan H, law rH?.>;f^?;^\^-,'^",'""'«'"ts o^ this: "On the tip of the upper as senfitivT ^ ^^^t^®""^ *s a spot of very limited extent, seemingly s^ftiy a rl^ht Iv,*.^'' antennae of an insect. , . . However orthirp\KilTarresThL^'o'^"^"<='"?-°" *^^ ^^^^' r^ t'?^^'^- ^"^ to say he will not adfp ^;^ forward motion at once. I think it safe . . It Ts^rdow^";;?th\""bicl/nt'"' "'*"'" *^"^"^^ when we consider the enormous, w^^'S^.-^ P°^®'" ^™Ply marvellous speed." enormous weight moving forward with great Christ Episcopal Church, Sag Harbor St- John's Episcopal Church, Southampton HIS'TORY OF 'THE 'TOWN OF SOU'THAMP'TON 243 Salmon, 2nd mate of the Arabella in 1847, who, when his boat was struck by a furious whale, fell near it as it rushed upon him with open jaws, which took in both Salmon and the oar. The latter was so far back as to prevent the whale's closing- them for an instant and Sal mon leaped into the sea actually from the whale's mouth. He was picked up by another boat, which the whale, however, immediately stove in, by luck again clutched Salmon in its jaw and, sounding, disappeared with him for good. In the history of the industry, there have been a number of cases where whales have attacked not simply the boats but the ships themselves, although but one such is recorded of Sag Harbor vessels, the old whaler Camillus. In its death flurry, a cachalot struck her a terrible blow with its head, staving in her planking. Two of the boats' crews were several railes away in pur suit of whales, including the captain, Wiekham Jen nings, but the 2nd mate, James Reeve of Southampton, quickly hoisted barrels of oil from the hold and piling thera up on the side careened the vessel sufficiently to sheath the injury and make the ship fairly tight, and she was finally, with great difficulty, worked all the way to the Harbor. A partial list of vessels lost by shipwreck has al ready been given. The small islands of the Pacific, however, afforded other dangers beside uncharted reefs and lee shores in hurricanes. The little bark Superior, ¦which was the first vessel to pass through Behring Strait, was captured and burned by natives at the Solo- ' mon Islands and all of the crew but three, who were subsequently ransomed, were murdered. In 1860 the bark Richard D. Wood put in at Treasury Island for water and vegetables and was boarded by savages who massacred twenty-six of a crew of thirty. On the other hand the natives often proved friendly, and the delicious climate and ease of living were fre quently too much of a temptation for the sailors, and more than one Sag Harbor whaler, putting in at some "little lazy isle" sailed away short handed. The desert ing whalemen sometimes settled permanently, taking 244 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON wives (and the object is not in the plural merely be cause the subject is) and bred up "beach combers." As late as 1890, a visitor to Upola, one of the Navigator Islands, found the Chief to be Tom Seaman of Sag Harbor, * He and another sailor, named Pearsall, had shipped in the thirties on the Albatross, and, after an eighteen months' cruise, had deserted to try savagery and ease, Pearsall, like many others, soon suffered from homesickness and died, but Seaman lived in great content, even forgetting the English language almost entirely, Sam Brant was another who returned to sav age life and lived happily for fifty years, first at New Zealand, later at the Fijis and eventually at the Sand wich Islands, Many times it fell to the lot of whalers to rescue the shipwrecked crews of other vessels, as was the case of Capt, Isaac Ludlow, of Bridgehampton, who saved 105 lives from the British bark Meridian in 1835, and some times such rescues led to interesting results, as was notably the case of Capt. Mercator Cooper of Southamp ton. In 1845 he passed a small island, supposed to be uninhabited, lying to the southeast of Japan, where, however, he found eleven shipwrecked Japanese sailors. These he took on board ancl sailed for Japan, at that time of course, strictly closed to all foreigners, except the Dutch. On his way he, by chance, rescued eleven more from a sinking junk, all of whora he took to the harbor of Jeddo, where he was allowed to remain for four days, though strictly guarded and not permitted to land, ! He was treated with marked courtesy, and the day before leaving the Emperor sent him tokens of his * Pittsburgh Dispatch, June 17, 1894, For Brant see N, Y. Sun Feb. 7, 1897, t Although Capt. Cooper's visit preceded Commodore Perry's famous one, he v/as not absolutely the first American captain to visit Japan as often stated. See account of the voyage of the ship Margaret of Salem in 1800, Capt, S, G, Derby, Essex Hist. Coll, Vol, II, pp, 166-9, The portrait of Capt, Cooper reproduced here, was by a Sag Harbor artist of the period, Hubbard Fordham, of whose work much is still to be found here. He never had any instruction in drawing or painting, but possessed much natural tal ent. His sister was the mother of the late Wm, Wallace Tooker. He lived in the house now owned by Abram Tunison when it orginally stood across the street, about a half -block lower. St, Andrews Dune Church, Southampton John Jermain Library, Sag Harbor HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 245 appreciation. The story, which is an interesting one and of historical value, will be found in full in the Ap pendix. ! For a full century, Sag Harbor was the port through which the Town carried on its whahng enter prise. There, most of the ship owners Hved, there the vessels arrived and departed and all of the business inci dental to the industry was conducted. But there could scarcely have been during a long period a single family in the Town which was not directly interested in the success of the trade and the fortunes of some particular ship. To detail the lives of the men engaged in it, either as seamen or officers, would be to write a bio graphical dictionary of the period. It influenced all their thoughts, affected all their individual destinies, and with the decline in its fortunes, those of the Town also rapidly declined, until a new period, bringing manu facturing to the Harbor and other changes to the other villages, materially altered their economic Hfe, * t See Appendix XX. Another early visitor to Japan, through Sag Harbor whaling, was Ronald MacDonald, seaman of the ship Plymouth, who in June, 1848, received his discharge and was given a whaleboat furnished with books and provisions, and left the ship off the coast of Japan with the avowed purpose of visiting the Isl ands. He was captured and imprisoned. He taught some of the Japanese the English language, but they were anxious to be rid of him and he was taken off by the U. S. Ship of War Phebe in 1849. * The Cotton Mill, burned in 1879, was built in 1850, gas was introduced in 1859, and the Fahys Watch Case Factory built in 1881. CHAPTER XII CONCLUSION In the eleven preceding chapters, we have followed the history of the Town from its planting in 1640 down to the Civil War, a period of nearly two and a quarter centuries. In that time we have seen it grow from a single little frontier hamlet to a Township embracing a score of villages and a port the name of which was known wherever ships sailed the seas in the service of one of America's greatest industries. In the last chap ter we saw the decline of that industry and with it the decline in the fortunes of the Town. It remains now but to allude briefly to some of the events in its last half century, and to point out some of the indications of the new and altered life upon which it entered during that period. At its very beginning came the Civil AVar, The actual operations of that conflict were, of course, far remote, and its effects here were felt solely through the fortunes of those who left their homes and went into the fighting forces on land or sea, A list of the honored names, as complete as I have been able to make it, com piled from several sources, is given in the Appendix. Southampton, of course, alwavs yielded its quota of the successive drafts, although here as elsewhere resort had to be had to bounty money, as the war progressed and draft succeeded draft. In 1862 the Town was author ized to borrow $30,000 with which to pay each volunteer $100 and also to contribute to the support of his family, and in the following years additional sums were raised, the bounty per man finally reaching $750 by the end of Roman Catholic Church, Bridgehampton HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMP'TON 247 1864. This was merely the same story as is found every where throughout the country as the years of the ex hausting conflict went by, and the Town has good rea son to be proud of the long roll of its citizens who volun tarily risked their lives in that struggle. AA'ith the conclusion of peace the whole country en tered upon a new era, and the two decades following saw here the definite passing of three eleraents which had long been interwoven with the Town's history, whahng, the Indians and the common ownership of land. The first of these came to an end with the sailing of the Myra, Sag Harbor's last whaler, in 1871, and the death blow to the second was given five years later by the wreck of the English ship Circassian, off Mecox, on Dec. 29, 1876. This ship, Capt. Williams, bound from Liverpool for New York had sailed from the former port on Nov. 6, and by the 18th was within 300 miles of Sandy Hook, when she encountered terrific gales and was forced to beat about, unable to make any port for three weeks. On the 30th she picked up the crew of 12 belonging to the bark Heath Park, whicii had foundered, although herself in distress. After that she continued to beat about until finally, on the night of Dec. 10th, in a driving storm of snow and sleet she struck the bar just west of the Mecox station. The new boat belong ing to the station was on exhibition at the Centennial in Philadelphia, but after two unsuccessful efforts a line was shot over the stranded ship and all hands saved in the morning. This episode, however, was merely preliminary to the tragedy. In an effort to save the vessel, which had e\'ery prospect of success, a wrecking crew made up of men from New York and ten Shinnecock Indians, was placed on board. The latter were the flower of their tribe and the last of the pure bloods. In preparing the ship and waiting for a favorable moment to try to float her, time was consumed until the 29th of December when a terrible storm came up. Thirty-two men were on board of her, but it was impossible to launch any boat from the shore, the waves breaking on the dunes. At 4.30 in the morning, the vessel broke in two and the 248 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON mizzenmast, on which all the men had taken refuge, fell fifteen minutes later, carrying, every one into the sea. But four men were rescued from the waves alive, twen ty-eight, including all of the Indians being drowned. * It is doubtful if any absolutely pure bloods remained, although the Shinnecocks still technically constitute a tribe and Hve on their reservation at Shinnecock Neck, the admixture of negro blood being present in every case. As a pure blooded race it died that December night in 1876, and of the original owners of Southamp ton soil not one remained. The third element which also passed forever at this period was the common ownership of land. The origin and nature of the "common lands" have been discussed in Chapter III and some of its subsequent "Divisions" noted in later ones. The distinction will be recalled which existed between the "Commoners," or "Proprie tors," who owmed an interest in the common land, and the mere inhabitants or Townsmen, who owned only ? Other wrecks of this period were: 1870, week of June 16, schooner Mary Rich off Southampton. 1874, Jan. 23, French ship Alexandre Lavalley, finally abandoned. She was loaded partly with ale, porter and wine, and Mrs. White said of her: "Some of her cargo found its way to the cellars of our villagers and even now, on rare occasions, an enquiry as to the origin of some choice brand of 'good cheer' meets with the response of 'Lavalley,' " 1878, Jan. 28, Norwegian bark Frederick, total loss, off Westhampton. Also, same year, schooner Annie C. Cook, off Shinnecock, total loss. Also, Loretta Fish, just east of Sagg Lane, total loss. 1879, week of Aug. 7, the Lizzie, Vanderbilt Line, came ashore off Mecox in a fog, loaded with cattle, which swam ashore. Ship saved. Same year, Aug. 21, twenty-two small vessels were blown ashore at Sag Harbor. 1881, Feb, 28, three-masted schooner Walter B. Chester, off East Quogue in a fog. Total loss. 1882, week of June 1, brig antine Daylight, off Georgica, 1886, week of Apr. 8, steamer Europa ashore off Quogue in a fog. 1887, Sept, 7, schooner Hattie A, White foundered off Shinnecock, 1894, Apr. 7, schooner Benja min B. Church, off Mecox, total loss, August, same year, steamer Panther foundered off Southampton and coal barge Lykens Valley went to pieces on the bar; 18 lives lost. Sept. 11, four-masted schooner John K. Souther came ashore off Mecox; saved and re sumed voyage, 1896, full rigged ship Otto; saved, 1897, Jan. 21, schooner Nahum Chapin, off Quogue; all hands (9) lost, 1904, Jan. 23, four-masted schooner Augustus Hunt lost off West Hamp ton, two lives saved, eight lost, 1914, Nov. 21, three-masted schooner, Geo. D. Jenkins, on bar off Shinnecock. 1916, July 22, four-masted iron bark Clan Galbraith on the beach off Wickapogue, completely high and diy at low tide. Finally pulled off Aug. 4. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 249 individual freehold property without such interest; and also the fact that "commonage" could be' bought and sold and pass by inheritance. By these transfers the number of Proprietors had become greatly enlarged, their individual rights be coming correspondingly less, while with every Division the amount of common land remaining undivided of course decreased, so that a generation ago the common land had been practically all divided, while the number of Proprietors, through the subdivisions incident to the changes of some eight generations, had become exceed ingly numerous though with individually extremely small interests of almost no ascertainable value. In the meantime, however, the claims of the Proprietors as against the Town had not been wholly unchallenged. The terms and phraseology of the Dongan Patent were held by some to invahdate the rights of the Proprietors, and this was made use of to force them to a compromise they having, at the beginning of the last century, ex tended their claims to include the products of the Town waters. Committees of the Town and of the Proprietors met in 1816, and in 1818 a Bill was prepared by a joint conference of representatives of the two parties which was passed in the Legislature. This bill gave to the Proprietors the undivided lands, meadows and mill streams, and to the Town the "power to raake laws, rules or regulations concerning the waters (other than the mill streams), the fisheries, the seaweed, or any other productions of the waters" of the Town, even on the shores of common lands, "which waters, fisheries, seaweed and productions of the waters shall be managed by the Trustees of the Freeholders and commonalty of the Town of Southampton" etc. These rights remain to the Town today. In 1882, by private sale and in a number of deeds, the Trustees of the Undivided Comraon Lands sold and transferred to Rufus Sayre (who soon transferred to others) all of their interests east of Halsey's Neck Lane, and to Henrj' AV. Maxwell everything west of that lane, with the exception of two small items which were sold to other individuals. The Trustees ah resigned in 250 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 1890 with the intention of a final dissolution of the body, but as it was found that it might possibly be convenient to continue its existence in connection with land titles a board was re-elected on Sept. 7, 1912, consisting of six members. No meetings are held. Of the property sold by them in 1882, the main item was the fee of all highways not originally laid out on private land. This ownership in fee of the roadbed ap plies to nearly all the highways in the Town, and by some it is contended that if such highways were aban doned by the Town, the ownership would revert to the heirs or assigns of the 1882 purchasers and not to the owners of the abutting property. Early in the last cen tury the Proprietors claimed not only the reversionary interest but the right to sell portions of the highways even when still used by the Town. From this arose the famous Sagg Mill lawsuit about 1840, the Proprietors having granted the right to move a windmill on to the very wide roadway at Sagg a little south of the Elisha O. Hedges house. Paul Topping brought suit against them, won it in the Supreme Court at Riverhead, and the mill was removed. It is of interest to note that this case was not wholly without precedent over 600 years old, the Statute of Merton, 20 Henry III in 1235 stating that every complaint of the encroachment on pasture rights "shall be dismissed, when such suit shall have been caused on the common pasture by the building of a windmill." * Thus, after two centuries and a half, passed from the life of the community the three elements which, in varying degrees at different periods, had all done so much to influence and mould thedevelopmentofthelittle settlement and the subsequent life of the Town, AA'ith the passing, almost within a decade of each other, of the Indians, of whaling and of the system of common owner ship of land, Southampton marked almost dramatically the close of its first two hundred and fifty years and the change from old to new. Nor was the passing of the old more distinctly marked than the coming of the new, for it was also just at this time that the railroad was ex- ? Quoted by Nasse, Agric. Community, p. 64. Southampton Hospital HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 251 tended through to Southampton and Sag Harbor in 1870, and with this added ease of communication with New York, began almost at once the changes which to a considerable extent have altered both the Hves and ap pearance of the old villages of the Town, Then also began the corning of the "summer people," housed at first in boarding houses and modest cottages, their numbers and scale of living increasing until now the transformation is nearly complete and summer homes, rivalHng in many cases those of Newport, are scattered all over these peaceful villages and quiet countryside. This change is, of course, most noticeable in South ampton village itself, where the transformation has gone the furthest. In Sag Harbor the new era took a somewhat different form and manufacturing plants have given it an impetus along industrial Hnes, There is a change also, however, even in the local farming life and the original American type is giving place to some ex tent, as throughout New England, to foreigners, these being represented locally largely by Irish and Poles, the latter mainly from Russia, Under the influence of the new standards of living, now everywhere general, and in many cases helped by large gifts from those who have corae to the Town from elsewhere and become interested in it, many notable buildings have been erected and new institutions founded in the past few years. The Pierson High School in Sag Harbor, built in 1907 and first used in January, 1908, * w-as the gift of Mrs. Russell Sage, who also raaintains the John Jermain Memorial Library in that place, built in 1909, ! The new High School build ing in Southampton was completed in 1916, and a li brary had also been given to that village in 1892 by the bequest of Miss Harriet Jones Rogers of certain real ? The clock in the building was the one in the old Presbyterian Church as also the bell. Mrs, Sage is a descendant of Lt. Col, Pierson, of Sagg, and of Major John Jermain, Her present house in Sag Harbor was originally built by Benj, Huntting and was nur- chased by her in 1907. Before the establishment of the new High Schools the most noted school in the Town was probably the old Bridgehampton Academy, founded in 1859 and continued until 1907, Prof. L. W. Hallock being principal from 1872, For a full account see Memorials, pp, 181-183. t Opened June 18, 1910, formally opened Oct. 10, 1910, 252 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON estate and $10,000, the Library being incorporated the next year and the present building erected in 1895, % In that village also was generously established the beautiful Art Museum by Mr, Samuel L. Parrish for the benefit of the people of Southarapton in 1898, the build ing being added to in 1902 by Mr, James C. Parrish. In 1909 at a meeting held under the. auspices of the Village Improvement Society * in Southampton, ar rangements were made to employ a district nurse and the following year the Southampton Hospital Associa tion was organized, and as a result of efforts made by those interested in it, the present hospital was built in 1912, being opened and dedicated Washington's Birth day, 1913, the new wing being added 1917. The period under hasty review in this concluding chapter has also witnessed the establishment of five new churches, including the finest church building on the eastern end of the Island, the Roman Catholic Church in Southampton village erected in 1907, ! X See A Brief Account of the Rogers Memorial Library. * This Society is said to be the second oldest in the country having been organized at a meeting held at Dr. T. G. Thomas' house in New York, Oct. 25, 1881. The presidents have been Messrs. F. H, Betts, Geo. H. Schieffelin, Salem H. Wales, James H. Foster, James F. Ruggles, Dr, P. F. Chambers, Mr. A. L. Morton, Dr. T. G. Thomas and Dr, Albert H, Ely (since 1902). t "Before the Civil War Catholicity was almost an unknown quantity in the Village of Southampton. ... In those days. Catholics of Eastern Long Island were spiritually ministered to by a Father Joseph Bruneman who visited Sag Harbor every 4 weeks and East Hampton every 6 weeks. ... A few years later a Father Keane took up permanent residence in Sag Harbor. He was suc ceeded by a Father Gallagher. Then came to Sag Harbor as the resident the Rev. J, J, Hefernan, during whose pastorate the Cath olic parish of Southampton had its birth," The first mass was of fered in the house of Mr, James Cavanagh, who gave the use of his land for a t&iporary church, built in 1881, The second church, built on property acquired on Hill St,, was built in 1893. In Aug., 1896, Rev. 'Wm, S, Kirby became the first resident pastor of South ampton. During his pastorate the church was moved and a Parochial residence built. He died Jan. 31, 1902, and was succeeded by Rev. Francis J, O'Hara, In 1904 additional land was bought and the present church built in 1907, T, H, Poole & Co,, being the architects. It contains a 300-year-old pulpit donated by Dr. Keyes. 'The parish has a winter population of about 1,500 and 3,000 in summer. In 1913 Father O'Hara was transferred to Brooklyn and Rev. "Thos. J. Leonard succeeded him, being in turn succeeded by Rev. John F. Cherry, Mar, 2, 1916, to whom I am indebted for the information as to the Catholic churches in Southampton and Bridgehampton. Southampton High School Pierson High School, Sag Harbor HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 253 St, Andrew-s Dune Church had been founded by summer residents in 1879 under the original name of St. Andrews by the Sea, changed in 1884, The building, the central part of which was originally the Life Saving Station built in 1S51, contains much of interest. The oak corbels supporting the four corner posts under the lantern are from Blytheburgh Church, Suffolk, England, dating from 1442 and were the gift of the patron of that church. Sir John Blois, The old English Bible and Prayer Book were printed in 1638, while the chancel and choir chairs date from 1681. Among the Eucharistic vessels is an Irish paten of 1684 and a Florentine chalice of apparently about 1550. In the grounds outside are the l)ig iron pot which was used for trying out whale blubber and the anchor and chain from the wrecked Lykens Valley, together with a cannon from the Alex andre Lavalley. This church did not serve the needs of the winter population, however, and in 1908 the Rev. Samuel C. Fish established St. John's, which erected the present building on Main St. in 1912, dedicated June 29, 1913. For about four years previously, frora July 12, 1908, ser vices had been regularly held in the Art Museum. Meanwhile two additional churches had also been estabhshed in Bridgehampton, St. Ann's, * and the Ro man Catholic Church. ! AA'ith this brief summary of the new era in the Town, our history of its long life, with its many changes, properly ends. Nor will I attempt to add further details as to the Hfe of the present day. The task which I set myself lay rather with the things of the past. In the fore going volume, I have tried to tell in simple fashion the ? Established as a Mission of St. Luke's, East Hampton, 1906. Rev, S. C. Fish has been in charge since June 10, 1907, The present property was bought 1908 and the connection with East Hampton severed. The little church, which had been a former club house, was moved to the new site and the old Atlantic House used as a Parish House until 1915 when the present one was given by Mr, John E. Berwind. t Ground was bought in 1913 and the Church of the Queen of the Most Holy Rosary incorporated May 18, 1914, The church building, the architect of which was F. Burrall Hoffman, was dedi cated July 11, 1915. 254 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Story of one of the many little communities planted in this country of ours nearly three centuries ago and through the growth and development of which there came into being a new nation. The scale has been small, the background meagre, the charm of antiquity and the enchantment of romance and legend have per haps been lacking, but the tale has not been without value, I trust, for those interested in the struggle of our race for self expression and self government, and in the growth of that nation in which today, even more perhaps than ever before. He the hopes of the future of the world. Rogers Memorial Library, Southampton APPENDICES APPENDIX I THE DISPOSALL OF THE VESSELL March 10, 1639 [1640 N, S.] In consideracon that Edward Howell hath disbursed 15 lb, and Edmond ffarington 10 lb,, Josilas Stanborough 5 lb., George Welbe 10 lb,. Job Sayre 5 lb,, Edmond Needham 5 lb,, Henry Walton 10 lb., and Thomas Sayre 5 lb,, Itt is Agreed vpon that wee, the forenamed 'vndertakers haue disposed of our seueral pts of our vessell to Daniell How, In Consideracon whereof hee is to transporte them so much goods either to them their heirs, executors and Assignes, (If they shall desire it) as their Several Somme or Sommes of Monney ShaU Ammount unto, and moreover, to each of thosie persons Aboue named or their Assignes, he shall transporte to each man A person and A tunne of goods free. But in case that any of the forenamed Persons shall not haue occasion for the transportacon of soe much goods as his money shall Ammount vnto, that then the said Daniell is to make them payment of the remainder of the monney by the end of two yeares next ensueing the date hereof, and likewise this vessell shall be for the vse of the Plantacon, and that the said Daniell shall not sell this vessell without the consent of the Maior pt. of the Company, And that the vessell Shall be reddy at the Towne of Lynne to transporte such goods as the aforesaid 'ynder- takers shall Appointe, that is to say, three tymes in the yeare, ffurthermore, if In case that any Person or Persons shall not haue occasion to Transport any goods that then the said Daniell is to pay them their Somme or Sommes of Monney together with AUowence for A tunne of goods and A person within the tearme of two years next ensueing the date hereof. And for the full performance of " ? * said Daniell hath ? our [three lines gone] ffurthermore where as it is expressed formerly that the vessell shall come to our Intended Plantacon three tymes in the yeare, we thought good to express the tymes, viz: the first Mcneth, the fourth moneth and the eighth moneth. HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 257 ffurthermore ffor the rates of persons, gbods and chattel!, if there proue any difference betweene vs, the vndertakers and the Said Daniell How, that then it shall be reffered to two men whome they and he shall chuse. ffurthermore for as much as Allen Bread, Thomas Halsey and William Harker Are by the Consent of the company come into and party vndertakers with vs, we Edward Howell Daniell How and Henry Walton have consigned three of our pts. that is to each man a howse lott, plantinge lott and farme answerable to the rest of ye vndertakers for their disbursement of five pounds A man to vs the aboue said vndertakers. That is to say whereas Mr, Howell had 3 lotts he shall have but two, and Daniell How for 3 lotts shall have but two and Henry Walton for 2 lotts shall have but one. Edward Howell Daniell How Henr, Walton. Forasmuch as wee, Edward Howell, Edmond ffarington, Ed mond Needham, Daniel How, Josias Stanborough, Thomas Saire, Job Saire, George Welbe and Henry Walton & Thomas Halsey, Al len Bread and William Harker haue disbursed four score pounds ffor the settinge fforward A Plantacon and in regard wee have taken vpon vs to transporte at our owne prop costs and charges all such persons as shall goe at the first voyage when those of our company that are chosen thereunto shall goe upon discouery and search and to beginne and settle a plantacon, and ffurthermore, in regard all such persons soe goinge upon our accompt, haue in our vessell the ffreedom of half a tunne of goods a person it is thought meete that wee the forenamed undertakers should not at any tyme nor tymes here after be lyable to any rates, taxes or Impositions, nor be putt vpon any fenceing, building of meeting house, erectinge ffortifica- tions, buildinge of bridges, prepairinge highways nor otherwise charged for any cause or reason whatsoeuer during the tyme of our discontinuance in our Intended Plantacon except yt in the fenceing in of plantinge lotts, euery man shall 'with his neighbors fence or cause to be fenced by the first day of April wch shall be 1641. ffurthermore because of the delayinge to lay out the bounds of to'wnes and all such land within the said bowndes hath bene gen erally the ruin of to'wnes in this country, therefore wee the said ¦widertakers haue thought good to take upon us the dispose of all landes ¦within our said boundes soe yt wch wee lay out for A house Lott shall at all tymes from tyme to tyme here after continue to be A house lott and but one dwelling house shall be builded vpon it, and those lotts yt wee lay out for plantinge lotts shall not at any tyme nor tymes hereafter be made house lotts whereby more Inhab- "itants might be received into our said Plantacon to the ouer charge- 268 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON ing of Commons and»the Impoverishinge of the towne, and yt alsoe what is layed out for commons shall continue commons and noe man shall presume to Incroach vpon it not so much as A handes breadth. and what soever we lay out for farmes shall so remaine for after tyme, and ye disposall of all such lands soe layed out shall be at all tymes and from tyme to tyme hereafter at the will and pleasure of vs, the vndertakers, or executors, administrators and assigns [3 lines gone] and alsoe, who soever selleth his Accommodations in the towne shall sell house lott and plantinge lote or lotts and meadow Intirely and if hee sel his farme he shall not deuide it but sell it together, viz: his ffarme Intirely and his Accommodations in ye To-wne Intirely. Moreouer whosoever cometh in by vs shall hould himselfe satisfyed with four Achres to an house lott and twelve achres to a plantinge lott and soe much meddow and vpland as may make his Accommodations ffifty achres, except wee, the said under takers, shall see cause to Inlarge that proportion by A farme or otherwise, ffurthermore noe person nor persons whasoeur shall challenge or claime any proper Interest in seas, rivers, creekes, or brooks howsoeuer bounding or passing through his grounds but ffreedom of fishing, fowling and nauigation shall be common to all ¦within the bankes of the said waters whatsoeuer. And whosoever shall fell any tree or trees in highwayes, is either to grubb them 'vp by the rootes or else to cut them smooth up even by the grounde, and take the. tree or trees out of all such high ways. And whosoever felleth any tree or trees in the commons shall either carry away the body or bodyes thereof with ye Aptnances or else sett or lay it up on heapes so as the pasture for chattel or passage for man or beaste may not have any Annoyance. Like'wise noe person nor persons whatsoever shall fell or lopp or carry away any tree or trees, firewood or otherwise, off or from any lott or lotts whatsoeuer for as is the lande so shall ye Aptnances bee every mans o-wne peculiar property. Neither shall any person make or use any highwayes, paths or otherwise ouer any persons howse lott, plantinge lott or meadow, but shall upon all occasions use the Aliened wayes layed out for yt end, ffurthermore it is thought meete that if the said vndertakers make any Composition with any person or persons yt lay claime ? ? manifest his or their * * * jj; £^J,y p^i-t or parts in alt ? ? of the place where god shall cause or direct us to beginne our In tended plantation * * * the[2 lines gone] And it come to pass yt wee the said undertakers shall either in our owne names or in the names of the Inhabitants In generall promise to pay or cause to be payed any somme or sommes of money, goods or chattell, fines or rates, or the like as may hereafter be thought meete proportionably ¦ HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 259 to what they Inioy and that then every person or persons Inhabit- inge within the boundes of our plantation, being owners of land there, that they shall be contented and pleased to help to beare A share or shares from tyme to tyme and at all tymes hereafter, of all such payments as may be required of vs, the forenamed •vnder takers, or executors. Administrators or Assigns, and yt his or their subscribinge to these presents may be a sufficient declaration under all such persons handes, yt they doe Approue of all the premises here specified. Lastly, wee the said undertakers testify by these presents in our admittinge of Inhabitants to our Intended plantacon that wee without any kinde of reservation, leave men ffree to choose and determine all causes and controuerseys. Arbitrary among them selves. And that whensoever it sihall please the lord, and he shall see it goode to adde to vs such men as shall be fitt matter for A church, that then wee 'will in that thinge lay ourselues downe before ye constitutes there of either to be or not to bee receaued as members thereof according as they shall disceme the worke of god to be in our hearts. Edward Howell, Ye marke of Edmond Needham, Edmond X ffarington Jos.iah Stanborough, Job Sayre Daniel! How, Henr. Walton, George Welbe, mark of Thomas Halsey, Allen X Bread, William Harker Vndertakers. The mark of Philip Kyrtland Thomas -|- Newell Nathaniel Kirtland John ffarrington Thomas ffarrington the mark of Thom Terry Richard O Odell (?) These are to giue notice that wee, the aforesaid company of vndertakers, doe fully and ffreely give our consentt that John Cooper shall and is admitted an vndertaker with the like full and lymited power with our selues in all cases yt may conceme our Plantacon. Edward Howell, The marke of Edmond X ffarrington, Edmond Needham, Thomas Halsey, The marke of Allen X Bread, Daniel How, Henr. Walton, 260 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON APPENDIX II A DECLARATION OF THE COMPANY Know all men whome these presents may conceme yt whereas it is expressed in one Artickle that the power of disposinge of lands and Admission of Inhabitants into our plantation shall at all tymes remain in the hands of vs the said 'vndertakers to vs and our heirs forever, that our true intent and meaninge is that when our plan tacon is layed out by those Appointed according to our Artickles and that there shall be a church gathered and constituted according to the minde of christ that then wee doe ffreely lay downe our power both of orderinge and disposeing of the plantacon and receiving of Inhabitants or any other thing that may tende to the good and wel fare of ye place at the feete of Christ and his church, provided that tihey shall not doe anythinge contrary to the true meaneinge of the fformer Artickles. ffurthermore whereas it is expressed in A fformer Artickle yt the lande of ye undertakers shall at all tymes remaine ffree from affording any helpe to builde meetinge house or making of bridge or bridges or mendinge of highwayes or the lyke during the tyme of their discontinuance from our Plantacon it is thought meete that it shall take place and stand in force but two yeares vnless there bee some goode reason given for it and then those shall have land only for the third year provided that within the third year they come back againe * * * ye 4th day of ye 4th ? 16 — [one line partly gone]. In Witness of these two Artickles f oregoinge we have set to our handes. The marke of Edward Howell, Edmond X ffarrington, Thomas Halsey, John Cooper, Daniel How, Edraond Needham, Thomas Sayre, Henr. Walton, These are to give notice that wee the afore sayd 'vndertakers doe fully and freely give our consent that Mr. John Gosmere shall and is admitted an vndertaker with the like full and limited power with our selues in all cases yt Conceme our Plantacon. Edward Howell, The marke of Edmond Needham, Allen X Bread, Henr. Walton Thomas Sayre, John Cooper, The marke of William Harker, Edmond X ffaiTing:ton, Job Sayre, Thomas Halsey. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 261 APPENDIX III A PATTENT GRAUNTED FROM JAMES FFORREST &c TO SEVERALL PERSONS &c. Know all men whome this present 'wryting may conceme that I JAMES FFORREST of LONG ISLAND Gent Deputy to ye Rt: Honble ye EARL OF STARLING Secretary for ye Kingdome of SCOTLAND doe by these presents in ye name & behalfe of ye said Earle, & in myiie oune name also as his Deputy as it doth or may anyway concerne myself give and graunt free leaue & liberty td DANIELL HOW, JOB SAYER, GEORGE WILKS, & WILLM HARKER togethr 'wth their Associates to sitt do'wne upon LONG ISLAND aforesaid there to possesse improve & injoy Eight myles square of Land or so much as shall Conteyne ye said quantity not onely Uplandt but also wtsoever medow marish ground Harbours Ryvers & Creeks lye 'within ye bounds or Ijrmitts of ye said Eight myles ye same & eury prticular thereof quietly & peaceably to possesse to them and their heires for ever 'wth out any disturbance, Lett or molestation from ye said Earle or any by his appointmt or procuremt for him or any of his, & that they are to take their Choice to sitt downe upon as best liketh them. And also that they and their Associates shall injoy as full & free liberty in all matters that doe or may concerne them or theirs or that may conduce to ye good & comfort of them and theirs both in Church ordr & Civili Govemmt Togethr wth all othr easemts conveniencyes & accommo dations whatsoever wch ye said place doth or may afford answerable to what other Plantations enjoye in MASSACHUSETTS BAY, But inasmuch as it hath pleased our Royall Kinge to giue & graunt ye pattent of LONG ISLAND to the aforesaid Earle In consideration thereof it is agreed that ye trade with ye Indians shall remaine to ye said EARLE OF STARLING to dispose of from tyme to tyme & at all tymes as best liketh him Onely the aforesaid DANIELL HOW & his Copartners shall have liberty to make choyce of one man amongst them that shall fully trade with ye Indians in their beha'fe for any victualls 'with in theire owne plantations but not for Wam- pom. And if any of the aforesaid persons or any for them shall secretly trade with ye Indians for Wampom whether directly or in directly without leave or lycense from ye sd Earl or his Assignes ye said person or persons so offending shall pay for every fathome of Wampom, so Traded, to ye said Earle or his assignes ye sume of twenty shillings Further it is agreed upon That whatsoever shall be thought meet by ye Rt Worpt. JNO WINTHROP Esar, Governor of ye MASSACHUSETTS BAY to be given to ye EARLE OF 262 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON STARLING in way of acknowledgmt as ye Patentee of ye place shall be duely & truely paid Furthermore it is agreed upon that no man shall by vertue of any guift or purchase lay any clayme to any Land lying wth in ye compasse of ye Eight Myles beforemen- tioned but onely the aforesaid Inhabitants shall make purchase (in their owne names at their own leasure from any Indian that In- habitt or have Lawfull right to any of th' aforesaid Land) all or any parte thereof & thereby assure it to themselves and their heires as their Inheritance for ever. In witnes whereof we have hereunto sett or hands & seale ye 17th day of Aprill 1640. Memorandm, that ye tme meaning of Mr. FFORREST is that whereas he hath formerly purchased certaine Land in LONG ISL AND for ye EARLE OF STARLING or himselfe that he doth by theise prsents fully release all clayme & Interest in ye Lands aboue mentioned or persons that shall sit downe upon it with all Title to Govemmt whether in Church or in Comon wealth. All wch is to be clearly & fully dra-wne upon according to ye true meaning of this Agreemt when things shall be settled & concluded by ye Rt Worpt JOHN WINTHROP abouementioned. Signed James Forrest. [Seale] Sealed & Delivered in the prsence of Theop: Eaton, Jno Davenport, A True Copy pr me Henry Pierson Registr GOVERNOR WINTHROP'S JUDGMENT OF YE PRCEDING WRYTING I JOHN WINTHROP with in named having seriously consid ered of that within this wryting is referred to my determynation although I am very unwilling to to take it upon me & as unfitt, also ye rather being to seek of any Rule or approved President to guide me herein yet being called hereunto I shall expresse wt I conceiue to be equall upon ye Considerations here ensuing (viz't) The Land wth in graunted being a mere W^ildernessQ & ye natives of ye place prtending some Interest wch ye Planters must purchase & they might have had long enough Gratis (& as Convenient) in ye MAS SACHUSETTS or othr of ye Colonyes -with ye liberty to trade with ye Indians (wch they are here debarred from) & for that they had possest & improved this place before any Actuall clayme made thereunto by ye Rt. Honble ye EARLE of STARLINGE, or had any notice of his Lopps Pattents, And Whereas his Lopp (considerate I suppose of ye prmisses) requires nothing of them but in way of acloDowledgmt of his Interest I doe hereupon Concerne & do ac cordingly (so farre as power is given me) ordr & sett downe that ye Inhabitants of ye Tract of Land within Mentioned on ye Plan tation now called SOUTH-HAMPTON upon LONG ISLAND & their successors for ever shall pay yearely to ye said EARL of HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 263 STARLING his heires or Assignes upon ye last day of Septembr at SOUTH HAMPTON aforesaid fower Bushells of ye best Indian Corne there growing or ye value of so much in full satisfaction of all Rents & service (the fifth Parte of Gould & Sylver are to ye Kings Matie reserued alway es excepted) In Testimonye Whereof I have hereunto sett my hand Dated ye 20th of Octobr 1641. Signed John Winthrop. A true copy pr me Henry Pierson, Register. Recorded for Southampton. APPENDIX IV CONVEYANCE OF LANDS ON LONG ISLAND BY JAMES FARRET DEPUTY OF THE EARL OF STERLING Know all men whom this present writing may concern that I, James Farret of Long Island Gent: Deputy to the Right Hon'ble the Earle of Stirling Secretarie for the Kingdom of Scotland do by these presents in the name and behalf of the said Earle of Stirling and in my own name as doth or may concerne myself give up all Rights, Titles, Claims and Demands of and from all Patent Right, of all those lands lying and being bounded between Peacooeck and the eastermost point of long Island with the whole breadth of the said Island from sea to sea with all lands and premises contained within the said limits, excepting those lands already granted unto any person by me, the said Farrett under my hand and seale unto Edward Howell, Daniel How, Job Sayer, and their associates heires and successors both now and for ever against ths claymes of any person or persons whatsoever clayming by from or under the said Earle of Starling, and do in His Lops name and in my own name as it doth conceme myself in consideration of Barge Hire besides they being drove off by the Dutch from the place where they were by me planted to their great damage by and with a competent summe of money in hand paid before the sealing and delivering of these presents all amounting unto four hundred pounds sterl'g the Receipt thereof and of every part thereof I acknowledge by these presents, doe acquit discharge and exonerate the said Edward Howell Daniel How Job Sayer and their associates Heires and successors for ever giving up unto the said parties Heires successors as absolute a right title and propriety as the said Earle received of the Corporation for new England incorporated by King James, the eighteenth year of 264 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON His Reign over England Scotland France and Ireland And that I the said James Farrett having myself full power to make over the Patent all or part in his Lops name and for his Lops use by vertue of my letters of Attorney bearing date 1637 by vertue of which Agencie I have made a sale of the same for his Lops use received the summe aforesaid of the said Edward Howell Daniel How Job Sayer and their Associates and that the same parties Heires and successors have as absolute power to erect wholesome laws and ordinances among themselves as the Earle of Starling had conveyed to him by the Corporation aforesaid, the said Edward Howell Dan iell Howe Job Sayer and Successors owing Allegiance to the Crown of England and paying the fifth part of gold and silver ore to His Majesty with what Royalties belongeth to the said Corporation their Heires and Successors shall be likewise paid upon demand as is exprest in his Lops Patent. Lastly I promise in His Lops name that his Lop His Heires and successors shall maintaine the said Edward Howell Daniel Howe Job Sayer their Heires and successors in the peaceable enjoyment of the premises against all persons whatsoever In witnesse hereof I have hereunto set my hand and seale the 12th of June 1639.* James Farrett Witnesse Mathew Sunderland. CA true Copie compared Rob't Sinckley J Henry Pearson, Reg'r marke I May the 6th 1671. Thom: T Cooper his FARRET'S CONFIRMATION JULY 7th 1640 Memorandum: It is agreed upon between Jamea ft'arret agent, and Edward Howell, John Gosmer, Edmund ffarrington, Daniel Howe, Thomas Halsey, Edmund Needham, Allen Breed, Thomas Sayre, He'iry Walton, George Welby, William Harker and Job Sayre: that whereupon it is agreed upon in a covenant passed between us touch ing the extent of a plantacon in Long Island, that the aforesaid Mr, Edward Howell and his copartners shall enjoy eight mUes square of land or so much as the said eig'ht miles shall containe, and that now lie in said bounds being layed out and agreed upon: It is to begin at a place westward from Shinnecock entitled the name of the place where the Indians drawe over their cannoes out of the north bay over to the south side of the island, and from thjre to run along that ne.ck of land eastward the whole breadth between the bays aforesaid to the easterly end of an Island or neck of land lying over against the Island commonly kno'wn by the name of Mr, ffarret's Island, To enjoy all and every parte there of according as "•¦Date should be 16.10, but is Pfivcn 1639 in tho London copy. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 265 yt is expressed in our agreement elsewhere, with that Island or neck lying over against Mr. ffarret's Island formerly expressed. James Farret. Thomas Dexter Richard Walker ^ Witnesses APPENDIX V LORD STERLING'S CONFIRMATION OF THE SALE OF LONG ISLAND I William Earle of Sterline doe make kno^wne to all men to whom it doth or may conceme, that whereas James Farret Gent: my la^wfull Agent upon Lcng Island &c in America hath disposed by sale of divers lands in my name and for my use upon the said Island and Islands adjacent within my pattent according to t).e power given him by myselfe Aprill 1637, unto Edward Howell, Da .i- iel Howe, and their heires and successours for ever as from Peacon- net to ye eastermost poynte of ye said Long Island; and unto John Thomas and Edward Farington and successively to the longest- liver of them and to his heires and assignes for ever; and unto Mathew Sunderland and his heires and assignes for ever; I say whatsoever bargaine contract and conclusion the above named par ties (for themselves heires and assignes for ever) have made w'th Mr, Faret, according to the custome of New England, I the said Wm, Earle of Sterline ratifie and hold of value in law; and doe upon the request of my said Agent James Faret by these presentes bind myselfe heires and assignes to doe any further act or thing whereby or wherewith ye titles of ye above named parties (vizt) Howell, How, Farringtones, Sunderland and their heires and suc- cesso'rs for ever, may be strengthened, w'ch they have under the hand and seale of my foresaid Agent James Farret, of w'ch I am by him fully satisfied; and that he hath in full satisfaction for the said lands for my use received a competent sum of money, in con sideracon of w'ch money I doe acquit all right, title, interest and demand of and to ye sd lands and patent right for ever. Witness my hand and seale this twentieth day of August, one thousand six hundred thirty nine.^ (Signed) Sterline. - ., J! \ James Ramsey In the presence of .' •' / John Johnson Vera Copia, *Soe note on date. Appendix IV. 266 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON APPENDIX VI INDIAN DEED This indenture, made the 13th day of December, Anno Dom. 1640, betweene Pomatuck, Mandush, Mocomanto, Pathemanto, Wyb- benett, Wainmenowog, Heden, Watemexoted, Checkepuchat, the natiue Inhabitants & true owners of the eastern pt of the Long Island, on the one part, and Mr. John Gosmer, Edward Howell, Daniell How, Edward Needham, Thomas Halsey, John Cooper, Thomas Sayre, Edward ffarrington. Job Sayre, George Welbee, Allen Breade, Will'm Harker, Henry Walton, on the other part, witnesseth that the sayed Indians for due consideration of sixteene coats already received, and alsoe three score bushells of Indian come to bee payed vpon lawfull demand the last of September, which shall be in the yeare 1641, & further in consideration that the above named Eng lish shall defend vs the sayed Indians from the uniust violence of whatever Indians shall illegally assaile vs, doe absolutely & for ever give & grant & by these presents doe acknowledge ourselues, to have giuen & granted to the partyes above mentioned, without any fraude, guile, mentall reservation or equivocation to them & theire heires & successors for ever, all the lands, woods, waters, water courses, easements, proffits, & emoluments thence arisinge what soeuer from the place comonly knowne by the place where the Indians hayle over their cannoes out of the North bay to the south side of the Island, from thence to possess all the lands lying east ward between the foresaid bounds by water, to ¦wit, all the lands pertaining to the parteyes aforesaid, as alsoe all the old ground formerly planted lying eastward from the first creek at the west- more end of Shinecock plaine. To have and to hold forever without any claime or challenge of the least title, interest or propriety whatsoever of vs the sayd Indians or our heyres or successors or any others by our leave, appointment license counsel or authority whatsoever, all the land bounded as is above said. In full testimonie of this our absolute bargaine, contract & grant indented & in full & complete satisfaction & establishment of this our act & deed of passing over all our title and interest in the premises, with all emoluments & profits thereto appertaining or any wise belonging from sea or land within our limitts above specified without all guile wee have set to our hands the day and yeare above sayd. Memorand. Before the subscribing of this present writing it is agreed that the Indians aboue named shall haue libertie to break HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 267 vp ground for theire vse to the westward of the creek afore men tioned on the west side of Shinecock plaine. Witnesses of the deliverie Manatacut, X his mark, & subscribinge this vn-iting. Mandush, X his mark, Abraham Pierson, Wybenet, X his mark, Edward Stephenson, Howes, X his mark, Robert Terry, Secommecock, X Joseph Howe, Mocomanto, X Thomas Whitehone, these in the name of the rest. Joshua Griffiths, William Howe, ENDORSEMENTS ON BACK OF INDIAN DEED November the 24th, 1686. This day Apeared before me Llift. Collonll John Youngs, Esq. one of his Majesties Justices of the peace, eleven of the Chiefs of the Indians of Shinecock, namely: Pungamo, Sachem who is son and heire to the within subscribed Mandush, and quaquashawg, John man, Cobil, asport, palamcowet, wahambahaw, wiackhancs, Suretrust Saspan Ahickock, five whereof being old men. Did de clare before me as followeth (viz) that the aforesaid Mandush Sachem and true proprietor with these Indians with him sub scribed to ye within written Deed, with ye full consent of the Rest of the Indians of Shinecock & did according to this Deed as within ¦written sell and alienate the said lands to the English therein named and did alsoe declare that upon theire certaine knowledge they knew that the within said payment for the said lands was by the said Englirh made to the said Indians according to covenant as vjrithin expressed, to their content, and that all the forenamed Indians Did this day unanimously Acknouledge and consent unto the within 'written Deed according to the true Intent thereof as atest my hand the day and year aforesaid. John Youngs. We namely Pungamo Gice Mamanamon Indian Sachems of Shinecock by and with ye consent of our people doe hereby ac knowledge that ye within Written deed of sale made by our fath?r=5 and predecessors is a just and honest conveyance of ye land-; within mentioned accordinge to ye true Intente and meaning thereof as is therein bounded and expressed, and for th? full confirmatio-i of ye premises We the afore named Indians Sachems by and '.-^'th the consent of our people and In there behalfe as well as for o-j.r selues and ours and their heires and sucksessors doe by these pres ents Ratify and Confirm the within written Deeds with all the premises therein contained to ye associates their heires and suck sessors of ye purchasers of said land within mentioned. In testi- 268 HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON mony whereof we the said Indian Sachems have Set to our hands and Seals In Southampton this Sixteenth of August In the yeare our Lord 1703. Pomguamo his X mark Sachem Chice his X mark Sachem Mahman Am his 0 mark Sachem Signed Sealed and delivered in Presence of Stephen Bowyer Arthur Tority Benjamin Marshall August 16th then appeared before me the Subscribed Pom guamo Chice Mahman am Indian Sachems and did acknowledge this aboue Confirmation to be theire free and voluntary act and deed. Test, John 'Wheeler, justice. INDIAN DEED OF AUGUST 16th 1703 To all Christian people to whom these presents shall Com. Know yea that Pomquamo Chice and Mahanum Indian Sachems of ye plantation of Indians Comonly known by ye name of Shinicok By and with ye consent of ye Rest of theire people for Divers good causes 'them there unto moveing as also for ye sum of twenty pounds curant money of ye province of new york to them in hand paid by ye trustees of ye Comanallity of ye town of Southampton, where'with ye said pomquamo Chice and mahanaman Indian Sach ems above sd acknowledge them [selves] ffully satisfied contented and paid, hath given granted Remised Released and forever quit clamed, and by these presents for themselves their people their heirs and succesisors doth fully clearly and absolutely give grant Remise Release and for ever Quit Claim unto ye said trustees namely Elnathan Topping loseph ffordham loseph peirson Abrahara Howell leckamiah Scott losiah Howell Daniel Halsey Thomas Stephens loseph Howell gershum Culver lohn malbie and Hezekiah Howell of ye comonalliy of ye town of Southampton and their as sociates their heirs and sucksesers forever, in their full and peasable possession and seaseing, for all such Right, Esta'te, title. Interest and Demand whatsoever, as they ye said pomgomo Chice and Mahanaman and their people had or out to have of in or to all that tracte of Land of ye to'wnship of Southampton situate Lying and being upon ye southward branch and towards ye eastward end of ye Island of Nassau butted and bounded south with ye mane otion: on ye north by ye bay and peconick grat River which De- vides ye two branches of said Island, and Eastward by a line Running from ye most eastward pint of hoggneck across ye said branch of ye said Island to and by a stake upon winescutt plain. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 269 to ye aforesaid salt or mane otion or sea, being ye bounds between ye to'wn of East Hampton and Southampton, and westwardly from an Inlett out of ye sea or mane otion Comonly Kno'wn by ye name of Copsoage gut, into ye south bay Running Northerly up Seatuck River to ye marked bounds tree of ye said towneship of Southamp ton standing upon ye west side of ye mane branch of said Seatuck River, and from said tree extending northerly to peconick grate River aforesaid, together with all and singular ye Libertyes and privileges and advantages whatsoever to ye said tracte of Land and town ship, with all beaches pints medows marshes swamps Rivers brooks coves ponds of water timber and stones belonging or in any maner of wise appertaining to ye said tracte of Land or to'wnship as above bounded and all that therein is contained or in any maner of wise comprehended To Have And To Hold to them ye said trustees theire associates their heirs and sucksesers, with their and every of their appurtenances to ye only proper use benefit and behoofe of each particular Inhabitant of said township accord ing to their Respective appropriated Rights, and ye undi'vided Land to ye proprietors according to their severall Rights and propor tions in said to'wnship and to their heirs and assigns forever, so that neither they ye said Pomgomo Chice and mahamanan their people nor any of their heirs and sucksessers nor any other person or persons for them or any of them or in their or any of their names right or stead of any of them shall or will by any way or meanes hereafter Claime Chaleng or Demand any Estate Right title or intrist In or to ye premises or any part or parcel thereof, but from all and every action Right title or interest and Demand of in or to ye premises or any part or parcel thereof they and every of them shall be utterly Bared forever by these presents, and in full Confirmation hereof that ye said Pomgomo Chice and maham anan and many others of their people have hereunto set their hands and seales. In Southampton aforesaid this sixteenth Day of August Annoye Domie 1703. Signed sealed and delivered in ye presence of us Stephen Boyer "'l Arthur Davis y "is Benjamen Marshall J POMGUMO X SACHEM mark his CHICE X SACHEM mark his MAHANUM X SACHEM mark 270 HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON his Tomon X Indian mark his ned X Indian mark his ludas X Indian mark his Toby X Indian mark his Isaac X Indian mark his Wegan X Indian mark his Benquam X mark his Achigan X Indian mark his quatagaboge X Indian mark Acknowledged before lohn 'Wheeler lustice his Obadiah X Indian mark his Wackwana X Indian mark his Nahanawas X India mark his Longatuck X Indian mark lohnman X Indian Wollwith X Indian Titus X Indian Aspoit X Indian Connady X Indian Enoshott X Indian masquamboin X Indian willsonasbouck X Indian Couchiack X Indian negion X Indian manchatice X Indian Aquaquank X Indian Naspausick X Indian Frank X Indian Arther X Indian Wombon X Indian Angguano X Indian Redheaded Will X Indian quemitt X Indian Nodian X Indian Wamp Dick X Indian ye signing and sealing of ye 22 Indians as above was done on ye 21 day of August 1703 in ye presence of Stephen Boyer Arthur Davis Wee namely giangonhut Sachem of unckachohok and Sumono his sister 'vidfe of Pongomo Sachem 'within subscribed belonging to Shinecock, doe hereby acknowledge and declare ye Right title and Interest of all ye Land eastward of Setuck, and betwixt peconeck and ye north Bay, and ye south sea or mane otion according to ye bounds of ye town ship of Southampton as in ye within Ritten Deed of Release is mentioned and exprest, to Reside In and of Right doth belong unto Pomgomo, Chice and mamhamamon Indian Sachems within subscrbed and their people belonging to Shinnecock, and therefore wee ye sd Wiangonhot and my sister Sumono •wife of Pomgomo aforesaid for Divers good causes as also for ye sum of five pounds In hand Received have hereby remised Releasied and for ever quit claimed and by these presents for ourselves and our heirs HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 271 & sucksessers fully clearly and absolutely Remise Release and forever quit claim unto ye within mentioned trustees of ye Com- ona;ty ol ye town ol Southampton aforesaid and their asosiates their heirs and sucksessers in their full and peaceable possession and seazeing all such Right estate title Interest and Demand what soever as they ye said Wiangonhot and Summono his sister had or ought to have of in or to, all ye tracte of land or towneship men tioned in ye within Deed of Release, so that neither ye said Wian gonhot and his sister Sumono nor their heirs nor any other person or persons for him or them, in his or their names, or in ye name of Right or sted of any of them shall or will by any way or means hereafter have clame chalenge or Demand any Right title or In terest of in or to ye premises, or any parte or parcel thereof they and every of them shall be utterly excluded and barred forever by these presents. In witness whereof wee have hereunto sett our hands and seales In Southampton this 16th day of August in ye yeare of our Lord Annoque Domini 1703. his WIANGONHUT 0 SACHEM mark her SUMONO X SUNK SQUA mark On ye said 16 day of August 1703 ye subscribed Wiangonhut and Sumono sunk squa appeared be fore me and did acknowledge this instrument to be their ffree and voluntary act and deed. Test lohn Wheeler lustice Signed sealed and delivered in ye presence of us Stephen Boyer Arthur Davis Benjamin Marshall A true copy Test Christopher ffoster Clerk Wee namely Pomguamo Chice Mahmanum Indian Sachems in ye presence and behalfe of ye Rest of our people Doe hereby ac knowledge to have Received ye sum of twenty pounds currant money of new york, of and from ye trustees of ye Comonalty of Southampton which said sum of twenty pounds Wee acknowledge to be in full satisfaction of ye said sum mentioned In our Deed of Release unto ye said tmstees and their associates, bearing Date ye sixteenth day of August one thousand seven hundred and three, as 272 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON witness our hands in Southampton this twenty first day of August 1703. Signed and delivered his mark in the presence of POMQUAMO X INDIAN SACHEM Stephen Boyer his mark Arthur Davis. CHICE X INDIAN SACHEM his mark MAHMANUM X INDIAN SACHEM A true copy Test Christopher ffoster Clerk S, T, R. Vol. II pp. 176-180, APPENDIX VII A COPPIE OF Ye COMBYNATION OF SOUTHAMPTON Wth HARFORD, (From 'To-wns & Lands,' Vol, I, Doc, No, 7.) PUBLIC RECORDS OF CONNECTICUT 1636-65 I Page 566 Whereas formerly sume Ouerturs haue by letters paste betwixt sum deputed by the Jurissdiction of Conectecote and others, of ye plantation of Southampton vpon Long Hand, concerning vnion into one boddy and gouernment, wherby ye said Towne might be inter ested in ye general combination of ye 'vnited Collonies, for pros- secution and issuing wherof, Edward Hopkins & John Haines being authorised wth power from ye Generall Corte for ye Jurisdiction of Conecticute, & Edward Howell, John Gosmore and John More deputed by ye Towne of Southampton, It was by the said parties concluded & agp'eed. And ye said Towne of Soutliampton doe by their said deputies, for themselues and their successors, assotiate and joyne themselues to ye Jurisdiction of Conecticote, to be subiect to al the lawes there established, according to ye word of God and right reason, wth such exceptions & limmitations as are hereafter expressed. The Towne of Southampton, by reson of ther passage by sea being vnder more difficulties and vncertainties of repayreing to ye seueral Corts held for ye Jurisdiction of Conectecote vpon ye mayne land, wherby they may be constrained to be absent both at ye times of election of Magistrats and other ocations, wch may HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 273 proue p'judicial to them; for p'venting whereof, if is agreed, yt for ye p'sent vntil more plantations be settled neere to ye Towne of Southampton wch may be helpful each to other in publike occations, (and yt by mutual agrement bet-wixt ye said To'wne and ye Gen erall Corte for ye Jurisdiction of Conectecote it be otherwise or dered,) there shalbe yearly chosen two Magistrats inhabbiting wthn ye said Towne or liberties of Southampton, who shal haue ye same power •wth ye P'ticuler Courts vpon ye Riuer of Conectecote, though no other Magistrats of ye Jurisdiction be p'sent, for ye Administration of Justice and other ocations wch may conceme the welfare of ye said Towne, offences only wch conceme life excepted, or limbe, wch always shalbe tryed by a Courte of Magistrats to be held at ye Riuers mouth, wch said Magistrats for ye Towne afore said, shalbe chosen in manner following: The To'wne of Southampton, by ye freemen thereof shall yerely p'sent to sume Generall Courte for ye Jurisdiction of Conectecote or to ye Gouemer thereof, befor ye Court of Election, wch is ye second Thursday in Aprill, the names of three of their members of their said Towne, and such as are freemen thereof, 'wdiome they nominate for Magistrats the yeare ensuing, out of wch ye Generall Courte for ye Jurisdiction shall chouse two, who vpon oath taken before one or both of ye Magistrats for ye p'cedent yeare at South ampton, for ye due execution of their place, shal haue as ful power to proceede therin as if they had beene swome before ye Gouernor at Conectecote. It is also pro'vided yt ye freemen of ye said Towne of Southampton, shal haue libertie to voat in ye Courts of Election for ye Jurisdiction of Conectecote, in regard of ye distance of ye place, by proxie. But in case the Towne of Southampton shal, by any extreordinarie hand of Providence, be hindred from sending ye names of ye three p'sons to be in Election of Magistrats, vnto ye Generall Court in Aprill, or hauing sent, ye same doe miscarrie, it is in such case then prouided & agreed, yt ye two Magistrats for ye precedent yeare shal supply ye place vntill ye next Generall Court for election. It (is) agreed and concluded, yt if vpon vewe of such orders as are alreddy established by ye General Court for ye Jurisdiction of Conectecoate, there be found any difference therin from such as are also for ye present settled in ye To'wne of Southampton, the said To'wne shal haue libertie to regulate themselues acording as may be most sutable to their owne comforts and conueniences in their own judgment, provided those orders made by them conceme them selues only and intrence not vpon ye interests of others or ye Generall Combination of ye 'vnited Collonies, and are not cross to ye rule of riteousness. The like powre is also reserued vnto them- 274 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON selues for the future, for making of such orders as may conceme their Towne ocations. It is agreed & concluded, yt if any party find himselfe agreved by any sentence or judgment passed by ye Magis'trats, residing at Southampton, he may appeale to sum p'ticuler or General Court vpon (the) Riuer, p''vided he put in securitie to ye satisfaction of one or both of ye Magistrates at Southampton spedily to prosecute his said appeale, and to answer such costs and dammages as shalbe thought meete by ye Court to which he appeals, in case there be found no just cause for his appeale. It is agreed & concluded, yt ye said To'wne of Southampton shal only beare their owne charges in such Fortifications as are necessarie for their owne defence, maintaining their owne officers and al other things that conceme themselues, not being lyable to be taxed for fortificationa or other expences yt only apertaine to the plantations vpon the Riuer, or els wheare. But in such expences as are of mutuall & common concernement, both ye one and the other shal beare an equall share in such proportion as is agreed by the vnited Collonies, 'vizt, according to the number of males in each plantation, from 16 to 60 years of age. THE OATH TO BE TAKEN AT SOUTHAMPTON I, A. B. being an inhabitant of Southampton, by ye P'vidence of God, combined 'vrth ye Jurisdiction of Conectecote, doe acknowl- edg myself to be subiect to ye Gouernment therof & do sweare by the greate and dreadfull name of the euerliuing God to be triie & faithfull to the same, and to submit both my person & estate there unto, acording to al the wholesum lawes and orders yt are or hereafter shalbe made and established by la'wful Authority, wth such limmitations & exceptions as are expressed in ye Combyna- tion of this Towne 'wth ye aforesaid Jurisdiction, & that I 'wil nether plot nor practice any euil against ye same, nor consent to any that shal so doe, but wil timely discouer it to lawful authority there established; and yt I wil as I am in duty bound maintaine the honner of the same and of ye la'wfull Magistrats thereof, promote- ing ye publike good of it, whilst I shal continue an Inhabbitant there; & whensoeuer I shal giue my voate or suffrage touching any matter wch concerns this Common Wealth, bein cald therunto, I wil giue it as in my conscience I shal judg may conduce to ye best good of ye same, wthout respect (of) p'sons, or fauor of any man; soe help me God in ye Lord Jesus Christ. The forementioned agreemenits wear concluded ye day & yeare aboue written, betwene ye parties aboue mentioned in behalf of ye Jurisdiction of Conectecott and ye Towne of Southampton, wth refference to ye aprobation of ye Commissioners for ye 'vnited HISTORY OE THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 275 Collonies, wch being obtayned the said agreements are to be atended and obserued, according to ye true intent and purpose thereof, or otherwise to be voyde and of noe effect; and in testimonie thereof haue interchangably ( )put to their hands. (Endorsed in the hand writing of Secretary Clark.) A coppy of ye Combination with Southampton APPENDIX VIII. AGREEMENT BETWEEN THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON AND THE REV. MR. FORDHAM. The agreement betweene the towne of Southampton and the well beloved servant of the lord Mr. Fordham, concerneing his an- uall mayntanance for his labor in ye worke of the lord amongst us, first wee the present inhabitants do ingage ourselves to paye in current country paye as it passeth at a common rate three score poundes for this present yere to beginne the first day of this pres ent April 1649, and to make our payments half yearely by equall portions, ffurthermore for the yeares to come and for all & euery yeare god shall be pleased to continue Mr, ffordham amongst vs after April 1659, from the daye of ye revolution of the first year aboue mentioned, it is fully agreed and hereby confirmed that the said yearly mayntanance shall be fourscore pounds, per annum to be levied -vpon euery man according to their severall possessions of landes in our plantation of Southampton, & the bounds thereof. Lastly if fforty lotts shall not be fflUed that then proportionable abatement of ye said four score pounds is to be made according to the number that is deficient, in consideration where of Mr, fford- ham's owne accommodations are not to be liable to pay any part of his yearly mayntanance nor yet any of his estate if the Towne shall see cause to alter the waye of payment as concerning ye min istry. This agreement was consented vnto by all the inhabitants, & by them appoynted to be recorded in the towne booke, to be es tablished in the behalf of the whole towne. Southampton Town Records. Vol, I, p, 56-7. 276 HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON APPENDIX IX. DOCUMENTS CONCERNING ANDROS PATENT 1 Southampton Sept. 28th, 1676. Hon-ble S'r, Wee the subscribed the p'r'sent Constable & Overseers of this Towne hereby present to you our humble service etc. Wee have had some Intelligence by Mr. Justice Arnold very lately. That it is your hon'rs pleasure, our Towne and Southold should send vp against the next Court of Assizes the reasons, why we take not out a Patent for our lands as some other plantations in this Juris diction have done: Sr, wee allways are and shall bee most cheer fully willing and ready to render you duty and the best satisfaction v.-hereof wee are capable. But in reference to ye p'r'missed occasion being straightened by tyme we are bold to present yo'u here in closed a Just coppy of our reasons, which sometime vpon like In junction our Towne & the Towne of Southold sent to Coll. Francis Lovelace, Esq're then Govern'r, whoe (for aught wee know) ac cepted them, as wee hope yo'r Hon-r will: Soe humbly Craving yo-r p-r-don with our constant and sincere desire of your happines we rest Sr Your servants Joseph Rayner, Edward Howell. John Jaggar. Francis Sayer, John Foster. 2 It hath pleased yo'r hon'r to require of vs the Inhabitants of Southampton to receive a patent from you for our lands w'ch wee have long possessed, and alsoe to Demand of vs the reasons of our delay: Our reasons, some of them, are these: 1. Because wee apprehend that wee have a just & la'wfull right and title to our land already without such a pattent ffor at our owne cost and charge (and not at any others) wee transported ourselves into these forraine parts, and here purchased our lands wee now possess of the Natives the then proper owners of them and that by the approbation of the Lord Sterlings Agent. And alsoe have with long and hard labour subdued parte of these lands with the perill of our lives especially in those times, when wee were few in number, but ye heathen numerous. 2. Wee have possessed Our lands (some of vs) about the space of thirty yeares without any man laying claime to them which is Esteemed a matter of some weight in law. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 277 3, Because it seemeth a new and Strang thing to vs that each Plantation on this Island should bee enjoyned to take a pattent for their lands: wee never heard of any such practice in England, or in any of his Ma'ties Dominions, that every Towne or Parish is en joyned a pattent: although ye English vnder the Dutch Governm't have had their land-briefs. 4, We apprehend That where Pattents are made vse of the Termes and Conditions are expressed betweene him whoe grants and them to whome the grant is made. But it doth not seem to vs, to bee soe in the Pattents here imposed. But persons are vpon vn- certaineties and at the Will of theire Lords, to make such acknow ledgments and payments from time to time as seemeth good to him to appoynt, soe that men know not what to looke for or trust vnto, 5. Lastly, wee conceive that the Proclamation made by his Ma'ties Comm'rs here in the yeare 64 assure vs of as much, if not more then this Pattent will doe: the substance of w'ch Proclamation v/as this. That the people here should enjoy whatsoever Gods bless ing and theire owne honnest labours had furnished them with. And after this Gov-r Nicolls gave vnder his hand that we should have equall privileges, freedome and Immunities (if not greater) as any of his Ma'ties Collonies in New England: the truth is (to speake plainely) wee cannot bee free to pass over our owne proper rights to our lands into other mens hands and put ourselves and success ours into a state of Servitude, which if soe, whoe will pitty or helpe vs: But that wee may not bee further troublesome to yo-r hon-r at this time, wee humbly take our leave of you and rest ready to our abillities to render all such dues & duties as either the law of God or Nature binde vs to. [NOTE: — The reasons given by Southold are word for word the same,] 3 Vpon reading of a letter & pap-rs from the Constables & over seers of Southton bearing date the 28th of Septbr, last & another without date (to the same Effect) from Southold, as Reasons for not complying with the Law in takeing out Grants, Patents or Confirma tions for their Towns or Lande, The Law in 1664 & orders of Co-rt of Assizes in 1666 & 1670, relating thereunto being thereup read. The Co-rt give Judgm-t That the s-d Towns for their disobedience to Lawes have forfeited all their titles Rights & privileges to the lands in the s-d Townshipps & if they doe not by Monday fortnight next (being the 23d day of this instant month) send up the ac- knowledgm't of their past Default & Resolves & Desire to obey & fullfill the Law & the severall orders of the Co-rt of Assizes, for the taking out their Grants, Patents or Confirmations, as directed by Law, Then Execution to issue out by Authority of this C-rt for 278 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON the above forfeiture to the use of his Ma-ty without further delay. All p-r-ticular p-r-sons concerned have like liberty granted them & shall be rec'd on their Application to have Confirmations or Grants for their p-r-ticular interests according to Law. By Order of the Go: & Gen'll C'rt of Assizes, The Go: doeth further grant to signify: Any private p'r'son or p'r'sons, that cannot make their appli cation w'th'n the time limited, giving in their Names & Desires to the Justice of the Peace shall have further seasonable time for their Complyance herein. [October 5, 1676]. By Order of the Go: 4 Whereas the hon'ble Court of Assizes held at New York the 4th, 5th, &c Dayes of this Instant October Adjudged our Towne of Southampton to send up by the 23d Instant theire resolves to full- fill the law for takeing out patent or Confirmation for our properties Interrests & liberties wee the Subscribed the Constable and Over seers of ye sd Towne of Southampton In Obedience vnto our hon'ble and Esteemed Govern'r & the s'd Act of the Court of Assizes Doe in behalfe of our sd Towne hereby Depute our friends, Mr. Justice Topping and Capt. John Howell with all possible convenient speed to make address to his hon'r Our Govern'r for such s'd pattent or Confirmations. Also to present the Townes service to his hon'r & to crave his p'r'don whereinsoever ye Towne or ourselves have any way accidentally though not intentionally made Default. And since by devine Providence his hon'r is now in singular capacity to con tribute to our Townes wellfare in respect of concernes both Civil Eclesiasticall, To beseech his hon'r that in both resnects hee would please to bee propitious vnto vs in this so weighty con-erne, since God only knowes, who may hereafter succeed him to Governe vs and our. Soe shall wee and ours have cause to bee ever most thankfull vnto him and to God for him, and to said Deputies for theire paines. Francis Sayer John Foster Joseph Rayner Edward Howell John Jaggar 23d of October, 1676. (Col. Docts. XIV pp. 722 et seq. Col. Mss. 25:173. 25:174. 25:176. 25:222). HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 279 APPENDIX X. GOV. ANDROSS' PATENT Edmund Andros, Esqr,, Seigneur of Sausmarez, Lieut and Governo Gen'all under his Royall Highness James Duke of Yorke and Albany &c. of all his Territorys in America To all to whom these presents shall come sendeth Greeting: Whereas there is a certaine Towne in the East Riding of Yorkshire upon Long Island commonly called and knowne by the name of South Hampton, scit uate, lying and being on the South side of the said Island, toward the Maine Sea, having a certaine Tract of Land, thereunto belong ing. The Eastward Bounds whereof extend to a certaine place or plaine, called Wainscott, where the bounds are settled betwixt their Neighbours of the Towne of East Hampton, and them: Their Southern bounds being the Sea and so runs westward to a place called Seatuck, where a Stake was sett as their farthest extent that way: Then Crossing over the Island to the Northward to Peacon- ock great River (not contradicting the Agreement made between their Towne and the Towne of South Hold after their Tryall at the Court of Assizes) and so to run Eastwards alongst the north bounds to the Eastermost point of Hogg-Neck, over against Shelter Island: Including all the Necks of Land and Islands, within the afore de scribed Bounds and Limits: Now for a Confirmation unto the pres ent Freeholder, Inhabitants of the said Towne and precincts: Know Yee, That by vertue of his Ma'ties Letters Patents, and the Com mission and Authority unto mee given by his Royall Highness I have Ratifyed Confirmed and granted; and by these presents, do hereby Ratifie Confirme and grant, unto John Topping, Justice of the peace, Capt. John Howell, Thomas Halsey, Senior, Joseph Ray nor, Constable, Edward Howell, John Jagger, John Foster and Francis Sayers Overseers; Lieut. Joseph ffordham, Henry Pierson, John Cooper, Ellis Cooke, Samuel Clarke, Richard Post and John Jennings, as Patentees, for and on the behalfe of themselves and their Associates, the ffreeholders and Inhabitants of the said Towne, their Heires, Successors and Assignes, All the aforementioned Tract of Land, with the Necks and Islands within the said Bounds sett forth and described as aforesaid. Together with all Rivers, Lakes, waters Quarrys Wood land Plaines Meadows, pastures. Marshes, ffishing. Hawking Hunting and ffowling, and all other Proffits, Com modities, Emoluments and hereditaments, to the said Towne, Tract of Land and premises, within the limits and bounds aforementioned described, belonging, or in any wise appertaining: To Have And To Hold, all and singular their said lands, hereditaments, and premises. 280 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON with their and every of their Appurtenances, and of every part and parcell thereof, to the said Patentees and their Associates, their Heires Successors and Assignes to the proper use and behoofe of the said Patentees and their Associates, their Heires Successors and Assignes for ever. The Tenure of the said Land and premises, to bee according to the Custome of the Manner of East Greenwich in the County of Kent in England, in free and Common Soccage and by fealty only. Provided allways notwithstanding that the extent of the Bounds before recited do in no way prejudice or infringe the particular propriety of any person or persons who have right by Patent or other Lawfull Clajrme, to any part or parcell of Land or Tenements within the Limits aforesaid: only that all the Lands and Plantacons within the said Limits or Bounds, shall have relation to the Towne in Generall, for the well Government thereof: And if it it shall so happen that any part or parcell of the Lande -within the bounds and Limits afore described be not already Purchased of the Indyans It may bee purchased (as occasion) according to Law, I do hereby likewise Confirme and graunt unto the said Patentees, and their Associates, their Heires, Successors and Assignees, All the privilidges and Immunityes belonging to a Towne within this Gov ernment: And that the place of their present Habitacon and abode shall continue and retaine the name of South Hampton, by which name and Stile, it shall bee distinguished and knowne, in all Bar- gaines and Sales Deeds, Records and -writings — They the said Pat entees and their Associates their Heires Successors and Assignes making Improvement on the said Lands, and Conforming them selves according to Law, And yielding and paying therefore yearly and every year, as an Acknowledgement, or Quit Rent, one fatt Lamb, unto such officer, or officers, there in Authority as shall bee Empowered to receive the same. Given under my hand and sealed with the Seale of the Province in New Yorke, the first day of No vember, in the Eight and twentieth yeare of his Ma'ties Reigne Annoq, Domini, one thousand, six hundred Seventy Six. E. ANDROSS. Examined by mee and Recorded Mathias Nicolls, Seer. Southampton Town Records Vol, II. pp, 347-9, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 281 APPENDIX XI. PATENT OF GOV. DONGAN. Thomas Dongan Capt, Generall Governor in Chiefe and Vice Admirall in and over the Province of New Yorke and Territoryes Depending thereon in America, &c, under his Majesty James the second By the grace of God King of England Scotland ffrance & Ireland Defender of the faith &c. To all whom this shall come send eth Greeting Whereas the Right Honorable Edmund Andross Eequire Seigneur of Suzrainte Lievt, and Governr, Genii, under his Royall Highs James Duke of yorke and Albany &c: now his present Majesty of all his Territoryes in America did by a certaine writeing or Patent under the seale of the Province bearing date the first day of November One thousand six hundred and seventy six grant Ratifye and confirme unto John Toping, Justice of the peace, Capt. John Howell, Thomas Halsey Senior Joseph Raynor Constable Ed ward Howell John Jagger John Foster and Francis Sayres Over seers Lievt, Joseph Fordham, Henry Pierson, John Cooper, Ellice Cooke Samuell Clarke Richard Post and John Jenings as Patentees for and in behalfe of themselves and their Associates the ffreehold ers and Inhabitants of the Towne of Southampton a certaine tract of Land lyeing and being scituate in the southside of Long Island in the Eastriding of Yorkshire towards the Maine sea the Eastward bounds where of extends to a certaine place or plaine called Wain scott where the bounds are settled betwixt their Neighbors of the Towne of Easthampton and them their southern bounds being the sea and so runns Westward to a place called Seatuck where a stake was sett at their furthest extent that way then crossing over the Island to the northward to Peaconock great river not contradicting the agreement made betweene their towne and the towne of southold after their tryall at the Court of Assizes and so to runn Eastward alongst their north bounds to the Easternmost part of Hoggeno'-k over against shelter Island includeing all the necks of Land and Islands within the aforesaid described bounds and limitts together with all Rivers Lakes waters quarries Woodland plaines meadowesT pastures marshes fishing hawking hunting and fowling and all other profitts Comodityes and hereditaments to the said Towne tract of Land and premisses within the L'mitts and bounds aforemenconed described belonging or in any wise appertaineing To Have and To Hold all and singular the said Lands hereditaments and premisses with their and every of their appurtennces and of every part and parcell thereof to the said Patentees and their associates ther heires Successors and Assignes forever according to the tenure & 282 HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON custome of the Manor of East Greenwich -within the County of Kent in England in free an Comon Soccage and by fealty only Provided alwayes notwithstanding that the extent of the bounds before recited do nowayes prejudice or infringe the particular proprietyes of any person or persons who have right by Patent or other la'wfull claime to any part or parcell of land or Tenements within the Limitts aforesaid only that all the Land and Plantacons within the said Limitts or bounds shall have relacon to the towne in Genii for the well government thereof And if it shall so happen that any part or parcell of the lands within the bounds and limitts aforedescribed be not already purchased of the Indyans it may be purchased (as occasion) according to law And moreover he the said Edmond An dross Lievt and Governr Genii as aforesaid did further grant and confirme unto the said Pattentees and their Associates their heires Successors and Assignes all the priviledges and Imunityes belong ing to a towne within this Government and that the place of theire present habitacon & abode shall continue and retaine the name of Southampton by which name and stile it shall be distinguished and Knowne in all bargaines & sales Deeds, Records and writeings they the said Patentees and their Associates their heires Successors and Assignes makeing improvement on the said land and confirmeing themselves according to law and yielding and paying therefore yearly & every yeare as an acknowledgement or Quittrent on fat lamb unto such officer or officers as shall be impowered to receive the same as by said Patent Recorded in the Secretaryes Office re lacon being thereunto had may more fully and at large appeare. And Whereas of Late some difference hath happened betweene the Inhabitants of said towne of Southampton and the Indyans adjacent to said towne concerning the bounds above specifyed and also that the clauses above expressed for constituting them a towne and giv ing them privileges and Immunityes are not sufficient in the law to convey to them such privileges & Imunityes as was designed to be given them And Whereas Major John Howell a ffreeholder and one of the Patentees of the aforesaid towne of Southampton by Order of the ffreeholders of the said towne hath made application unto me that I would confirm unto ye ffreeholders of said Town in a more full & ample manner all the abovecited tracts and parcells of land within the limitts and bounds aforesaid and finally determine the difference between the Indyans and the ffreeholders of the said towne of Southampton And also that I would Erect the said towne of Southampton within the Limitts and bounds aforesaid into one Township Now Know Yee That I the said Thomas Dongan By virtue of the power and authority to me derived from his most Sacred Majesty aforesaid and in pursuance of the same have examined the matter in variance between the ffreeholders of the said Towne of HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 283 Southampton and the Indyans and do finde that the ffreeholders of the Towne of Southampton aforesaid have lawfully purchased the lands within the Limitts and bounds aforesaid of the Indyans ahd have payd them therefore according to agreement so that all the Indyan right by virtue of said purchase is invested into the ffree holders of the Towne of Southampton aforesaid and for and in con sideracon of the quittrent hereinafter reserved and other good and lawfull consideracons me thereunto moveing Have Granted Ratifyed Released and Confirmed and by these presents do grant Ratifye Release and Confirme unto Major John Howell Thomas Hallsey Senior Edward Howell John Jagger John Foster Francis Sayres Joseph ffordham Henry Pearson Samuell Clarke Job Sayers Wil liam Barker Isaac Halsey ffreeholders & Inhabitants of Southamp ton heerin after erected and made one body Corporate and Poli tique and willed and determined to be called by the name of the trustees of the ffreeholders and comonalty of the Towne of South ampton and their Successors all the afore recited tracts & necks cf land within the bounds and limitts aforesaid together with all and singular the houses Messuages Tenements buildings millnes millnedames fencings Inclosures gardens orchards fields pastures woods underwoods trees timber Comon of pattue feedings mead- owes marshes swamps plaines Rivers Rivolets waters lakes ponds Brookes streames beaches Quarris mines mineralls Creeks har bours highwayes and Easements fishing hawking hunting and fowl ing (silver and gold mines Excepted) and all other franchizes profitts Comodityes and hereditaments whatsoever to the said tracts & neckes of land and premises belonging or in any wise appurtane- ing or therewith all used occupyed accepted reputed or taken to be long or in anywayes to appertaine to all intents purposes and con structions whatsoever as also all and singular the rents arrearages of rents Issiies and profitts of the said tract of land and premisses heretofore due and payable To Have And To Hold all the aforere- cited tract and parcell of land and premises with their and every cf their appurtenances unto the said Major John Howell Thomas Hallsey Senior Edward Howell John Jagger John Foster Francis Sayers Joseph Fordham Henry Pierson Samuell Clarke Job Sayers William Barker Isaac Halsey ffreeholders and comonalty of the towne of Southampton and their Successors forever to and for the severall and Respective uses following and to no other use intent and purpose whatsoever That is to say as for and concern'ng all and singular the severall respective parcells of Land and meadow part of the granted premises in any wayes taken up and appro priated before the day of the date hereof unto the several and re spective present ffreeholders and Inhabitants of the said towne of Southampton by virtue of the af orerecited deed or Patent to the only 284 HISTORY OF TlfE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON use benefite and behoofe of the said respective present ffreeholders and Inhabitants and to their severall and respective heires and As» signes forever And as for and concerning all ancl every such par- cell or parcells tract or tracts of land Remainder of the Granted premises not yet taken up or appropriated to any particular person or persons by virtue of the aforerecited deed or Patent to the use benefite and behoofe of such as have been purchasers thereof and their heires and assigns forever in proporcon to their severall and respective purchases thereof made as tenants in Comon without any lett hindrance or molestation to be had or reserved upon pretence of joynt tenancy or survivorship anything contained herein to the contrary in any ways notwithstanding To Bee Holden of his said Majesty his heires and Successors in ffree and Comon Soccage ac • cording to the Manner of East Greenwich in the County of Kent within his Majesty's Realme of England Yeilding rendering and paying therefore yearly and every yeare from henceforth unto our Sovereigne Lord the King his heires and Successors or to such Officer or Officers as shall be appointed to receive the same the sume of one lamb or the value thereof upon the five and twentieth day of march at New Yorke in full of all Rents or former reserved rents services acknowledgements and demands whatsoever And further By virtue of the power and authority to me the said Thomas Don gan as aforesaid given and in pursuance of the same and for the reasons and consideracons above recited I have 'willed determined declared and granted And by these presents do will determine de clare and grant that the said Inhabitants and ffreeholders the ffreemen of Southampton aforesaid Comonly called by the name of the ffreeholders and Inhabitants of the towne of Southampton or by whatever name or names they are called or named & their heires and Successors forever hence forward are and shall be one body Corporate and Politique in Deed and name by the name of the trus- teess of the ffreeholders & comonalty of the towne of Southampton and them by the name of the Trustees of the ffreeholders and com onalty of the towne of Southampton one body corporate and Poli tique in Deed and name I have really and fully for his said Majesty his heires and Successors erected made ordained const'tuted and declared by these presents and that by the same name they have succession forever And that they and their Successors by the name of the Trustees of the ffreeholders and comonalty of the towne of Southampton be and shall be forever in future times persons able and Capable in law to have perceive receive and possesse not only all and singular the premises but other messuages lands Tenements Priviledges Jurisdictions franchizes and hereditaments of whatso ever kind or species they shall be to them and their Successors in ffee forever or for the term of a yeare or yeares or otherwise what- HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 285 soever manner it be and also goods Chattells and all other things of whatsoever name nature quality or species they shall be and also to give grant release aliene assigne and dispose off lands Tene ments hereditaments and all and every other act and acts thing and things to do and Execute by the name aforesaid and that by the same name of the trustees of the ffreeholders and comonalty of the towne of Southampton to plead and be impleaded answer and be answered unto defend and be defended they are and may be Cap able in whatsoever place and places and before whatsoever Judges and Justices or other persons or officialls of his said Majesty his heires and Successors in all & all manner of accons Plaints suites Complaints causes matters and demands whatsoever of what kind quality and species the same be and shall be in manner and forme as any other of his majestyes Liedge people within this Province can or are able to have require receive possesse Enjoy retaine give grant release aliene assigne and dispose plead & be impleaded answer and be answered unto defend and be defended do permitt or execute And for the better enabling the Trus tees of the ffreeholders and comonalty of the towne of Southampton aforesaid in doing and Executing all and singular the premisses I have willed granted and determined and by these presents do will grant and determine that from henceforward and forever hereafter the said Trustees of the ffreeholders and Com onalty of the towne of Southampton doe and may have and use a Common seale which shall serve to Execute the causes and affairs whatsoever of them and their Sucessors And further I will and by these presents in behalfe of his said majesty his heires and Suc cessors that henceforward forevermore there be and shall be Trus tees of the ffreeholders and comonalty of the towne of Southampton aforesaid to be chosen and elected as in these presents hereafter is menconed who shall be and shall be called the Trustees of the ffreeholders and Comonalty of the towne of Southampton and they and their Successors shall and may at all convenient times hereafter upon a publique sumons to be obtained at the request of any three of the Trustees aforesaid from any of his Majesty's Justices of the peace of the said towne or for default ' thereof from any of the Justices of the County of Suffolk for the time being assemble and meet together in the to'wne house of the said towne or in such other publique place as shall be from time to time appointed to make such acts and orders in 'writing for the more orderly Doeing of the prem isses as they the said Trustees of the ffreeholders and Comonalty of the towne of Southampton aforesaid and their Successors from time to time shall and may think Convenient so allwayes as the said acts and orders be in no wayes repugnant to the laws of England and of this Province which now are or hereafter may be Established and 286 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON that they be not in any wayes against the true intent and meaning of these presents And also I 'will ordaine and determine that all and singular the aforesaid acts and orders from time to time shall be made and ordered by the vote of the Major part of the said Trustees of the ffreeholders and Comonalty of the towne of Southampton aforesaid or at least by the vote of the Major part of such of them as shall from time to time Assemble and meet together in manner as aforesaid so allwayes there be not fewer in number than seaven of the said Trustees present at such meetings so to be held as afore said and for the better execucon of this grant in this behalfe I have assigned nominated Created Constituted and made and by these presents do assigne nominate Create Constitute and make Major John Howell Thomas Halsey Senior Edward Howell John Jagger John Foster Francis Sayres Joseph Fordham Henry Pearson Sam uell Clarke Job Sayres William Barker Isaac Halsey to stand and be the first modern Trustees of the ffreeholders and Comonalty of the Towne of Southampton to continue in the aforesaid Office from and after the date of these presents until the time that others be elected and chosen in their stead According to the manner and forme hereinafter expressed And moreover I do by these presents for and on the behalfe of his Most Sacred Majesty aforesaid his heires and Successors appoint that the Trustess of the ffreeholders and Comonalty of the town of Southampton Constables and Assessors within the towne of Southampton aforesaid be yearly chosen on the first tuesday of Aprill forever viz: twelve Trustees of the ffree holders and Comonalty of the to'wne of Southampton two Constables and two Assessors in such publique place as the trustees for the time being shall appoint and direct and that the Trusteess Con stables and assessors be Chosen by the Majority of voices of the ffreeholders and freemen of the towne of Southampton aforesaid And Lastly I give and grant for and on behalfe of his said Majesty his heires and Successors by these presents to all and every person and persons and to whatsoever person subject to his said Majesty his heires and Successors free and lawfull power ability and author ity that they or any of them any messuages Tenements Lands meadows feedings pastures woods underwoods rents revercons ser vices and other hereditaments whatsoever within the said County of Suffolke (which they hold of his Sayd Majesty his heires and Suc cessors unto the aforesaid Trustees of the ffreeholders and Comonalty of the towne of Southampton and their Successors shall and may Give grant Bargaine sell and alienate to have hold and Enjoy unto the said Trustees of the ffreeholders and Comonalty of the Towne of Southampton and their Successors forever Yeilding and paying therefore unto his said Majesty his heires and Successors on the said twenty fifth day of march yearly and every yeare forever the HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 287 full and just sume of forty shillings Current money of this Province at Ne-wyorke Wherefore by virtue of the power and authority afore said I do will and Command for and on behalfe of his said Majesty his heires & Successors that the aforesaid ffreeholders and Com onalty of the towne of Southampton and their Successors have hold use and Enjoy And that they shall and may forever have hold use and Enjoy all the Libertyes authorityes Customes orders ordin ances franchizes acquittances lands Tenements and hereditaments goods and Chattels aforesaid according to the tenure and effect of these presents without the lett or hinderance of any person or per sons whatsoever In Testimony Whereof I have caused the seale of the said Province to be hereunto affixed and these presents to be entered in the Secretaryes Office Witness my hand at Fort James the sixth day of December — One thousand six hundred Eighty six & in the second yeare of his said Majestyes Reigne Thomas Dongan. APPENDIX XII. WOOLWORTH AGREEMENT. These presents Witnesseth an Agreement made and concluded on Betweene Mr, Aaron Woolworth, Minister of the Gospel of the One Part, And the Subscribers Hereunto, Inhabitants of the Parish of Bridge Hampton of the other Part as follows (Viz): That the said Mr, Aaron Woolworth Doth hereby Covenant and promise to, and Agree with them the Inhabitants Aforesaid to Settle with them and carry on the Work of the Ministry Amongst them and perform in all Points matters and things relating thereunto faith fully and Conscienciously According to his Ability from time to time and at all times during life or so long as he shall be able; And that the Subscribers hereunto of the Parish aforesaid do hereby Promise and Bind themselves and Engage firmly by these Presents unto him the said Mr. Aaron Woolworth that upon his performing the Work of a Gospel Minister amongst them as above. That we the Inhabitants of the Parish aforesaid do agree to give unto him, the said Mr, Woolworth, the sum of One Hundred Pounds, New York Currency, also, the House and Three acres of Land adjoining, which this Parish purchased of Mr. James Brown as pr Deed Speci fied as A Settlement, And further we the Inhabitants of the Parish aforesaid do promise to pay Each one and every one yearly and every year during the time that the said Mr. Woolworth shall 288 HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON carry on the said Work amongst them as aforesaid their Just and full proportions of One Hundred and Ten Pounds, New York Cur rency, also the use and Improvement of a certain piece of Land adjoining House and Land above said, also the Use and Improve ment of a certain piece of Land called and known by the name of the Westem Parsonage, also a sufficient Quantity of Fire Wood for his own Consumption not Exceeding Fifty Loads annually, as a Salary Which shall be Assessed by Men chosen of the Parish from time to time for that End, And for the Confirmation of the above Agreement and every Article contained therein, Each party have mutually set their Hands hereunto. Dated the 2nd day of July & in the Year of our Lord 1787, Aaron Woolworth. Ebenezer White John Hulbert Daniel Howell Stephen Pierson Nathan Norris Mathew Pierson Timothy Halsey Elihu Halsey Samuel Howell David Pierson David Hains John Gelston David Hedges Timothy Pierson David Woodruff Simeon Halsey Zephaniah Topping Silas Topping Stephen Tallmadge Benjamin Woodruff John Rogers Stephen Ludlam Josiah Cooper Stephen Mitchell Joshua Hildreth Nathan Post Josiah Sandford Elias Sandford Ezekiel Howell David Topping Silvanus Pierson Job Sandford Mathew Pierson, Jr. Theophilus Pierson Abraham Sandford Silvanus Topping, Jr. Charles Topping Joseph Topping Samuel Pierson Ethan Halsey David Hildreth Thomas Gelston Henry Pierson Silas Cooper John Corwithe Abraham Topping Silvanus Halsey Moses Halsey, Jr. James Terry Stephen Topping Elihu Howell Lemuel Pierson, Jr. Williams Pierson Jonathan Hedges Elias Hedges David Topping, Jr, Mathew Topping Jonathan Hedges, Jr. John Dains Henry Corwith Hugh Gelston, Jr. Paul Dains William Pierson Daniel Hedges HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMP'TON 289 Stephen Rose Stephen Halsey Ethan Topping Samuel A, Rose Daniel Stratten Daniel Tallmadge Stephen Hains Elias Halsey Daniel Halsey Job Pierson Caleb Pierson Lewis Sandford Benjamin Sandford Jeremiah Sandford Lodowick Post Charles Pierson Peter Hildreth, Jr. James Sayre John White William Rogers Henry Topping Silas Hand John Pierson Lemuel Hains Abraham Rose Zebulon Pierson Philip Howell Edward Topping David Sayre Silas White Lewis Stanbrough Jedediah Pierson Isaac Jessup Abraham Pierson Mathew Halsey, Jr. Jonathan Rogers Abraham Rose John T. Rogers Theophilus Cook Jesse Woodruff Stephen Stambro ( X his mark) Silas Woodruff Elias Woodruff Stephen Howell Price Howell Josiah Hand Asa Hillyer David Hand Benjamin Sayre, Jr. Gideon Hand John Harris, Jr, Silvanus Topping, Senr. Lemuel Pierson Abraham Howell Walter Howell Daniel Woodruff David Howell Jeremiah Parker Henry Moore Memorandum — It is understood by us, the Subscribers, that by the within Covenant this Parish are holden to Support Mr. Aaron Woolworth agreeable thereto so long as he continues in a Pastoral relation to them which relation is only dissolved by Death or a regular Dismission by a Council mutually chosen by the Church and Congregation and Mr. Aaron Woolworth for that purpose. John Hurlburt Daniel Halsey Timothy Halsey Ebenezer White Timothy Pierson Elias Halsey David Hed.ges Samuel Howell David Pierson William Rogers David Hains John Gelston Committee. 290 HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON APPENDIX XIII. INVENTORIES, • Inventory of the goods of Mr. William Browne, late of Southampton, Gentleman, made July 24th, 1650, £ s. d. Imprimis 3 kine and 2 steeres and 2 calves B2 5 6 Item Sheepe Item swine 2 barrows, 2 sows, & 2 piggs 09 I' 0 A quarter share of a small ship in the return of a quarter part of 19 hogsheads of Sugai 14 11 6 from England, come to our hands in goods a* their cost in England to the value of 14 11 S 3 remnants of narrow cloth 22 yards at 7 shil lings per yard 19 yards of house linnen more 2 small remnants of linnen 3 yards and % of tradeing cloth at 8s, per yard bedding blankets coverlids and pillows, a greene rugg, and curtaines and 5 striped stuffed cai pitts, and a yard a quarter of linsey woolsey Item in pewter 134 bb, at Item in brass vessels Item in steeles table cloth and napkins, pillow cases and touells and 1 paire of boote hose tops Item in bookes Item 1 warming pan 3 candle sticks and 2 skim mers, 1 frying dish, 2 skillets, 1 pestle and 1 great (word gone) and other implements Item more 1 couerlid, and 2 old blankets Item in nayles 400, buttons clasps and other trade 0 13 0 Item in galls, alum, sheeps wool an old pillion, cloth, sackes bagges and measures 0 15 0 Item 5 dozen and five sickles, and 4 small bars of iron Item iron bolts [1 line gone] [2 lines at top of page gone] 1 firkin of soap and a churne 1 bushell of salt, and grind stone 0 18 0 Item 2 sacks, 4 spitts, 1 dripping pan 1 baker 3 paire of pot hangers, 1 mortar and pestile 1 05 0 07 14 0 01 / 05 0 J 16 5 1 07 0 23 12 0 08 0 0 05 0 0 13 0 0 05 0 0 8 0 0 1 0 0 HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMP'TON 291 Item 1 still, 2 pair of plow irons, chaines hookes and other implements Item 3 mattocks, 2 beetle rings, 4 wedges 1 saw and two scale beams, and other small things Item 1 match lock musket, a barrell for a gun Item 2 glass bottles, and 2 earthern pots, and 2 old short scythes, and a small parcel of sugar, and 12 tubbs Item 3 old pails & 3 wooden bowls, 1 basket halfe a bushel of wheate, and % bushel of malt, and % bushel of pease, a little bacon, pork, butter, cheese, and spice 1 balance with lead, and leaden weights. Item in gold, and silver in his purse Item in debts whereof some desperate Item his apparell Item 200 of iron a remnant of cloth, 4 barrels, a sword, an old broad axe Total S. T, R, Vol. 1. pp. 67-69, 1 01 OO 13 0 16 3 0 0 0 12 0 0 15 0 9 13 0 1 0 0 2 0 0 2 0 0 160 0 0 An inventory of the estate of Josiah Stanborough as followeth : 16 cowes 2 old oxen 4 young oxen 8 steers come 4 years old 7 steers & 2 heifer cows 3 years old 3 steers & 2 heifers come 2 years old 13 calves 150 sheep 12 hogs A goat a mare and horse a bay mare & filly the old horse the young horse the hay and wheat 3 acres of Indian corne 6 little iron pots 4 pots 5 iron kettles the late deceased Mr. £ s. d. 64 00 00 16 00 OO 21 00 00 44 oo DO 38 10 00 15 10 00 13 00 00 70 00 DO 10 oo OO 00 06 08 21 00 OO 20 00 00 10 00 00 09 Ofl 00 22 Ofl 00 05 00 00 02 08 00 02 12 00 01 10 00 '292 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 6 skillets 4 mortars 14s. 4 pots 4£ is 2 iron kettles 5 barres of iron wheels and old iron and other lumber 4 iron pots iron ware sold to East hampton broad ax Jack and other tools hookes 92 lbs. of wool 6 pair of sheets a bed & 2 rugs bed tick and pair of blankets a fether bed and bolster and some other old bedding wearing clothes 2 hats broad cloth kersey and stuff 2 peeces of stuff a piece of broadcloth a gun sword & pistol 2 chests and boxes a table & 10 barrels pewter and some other things a grind stone & pails a firkin of butter the howse land and accommodations 4 brass kettles, a friing pan a trameU and 2 pair of pot hooks 06 DO 00 buttons silke cardes a remnant of cotton and other lumber 02 10 00 a fether bed, 2 bolsters and a blanket and 2 pillows 05 00 00 a winnow sheet, and woolen yarn and some other things 01 10 00 S. T, R, Vol. II pp. 10-11. August 24th, 1662. This is an envoice of the chattels and goods of the late deceased John White, 11 mares and colts 2 horses 2 horses more 2 young mares and a young horse 6 working oxen 01 10 00 04 14 00 02 10 00 03 10 00 05 00 00 02 15 00 11 10 05 01 15 00 02 Ifl 00 06 00 00 06 00 00 03 00 00 03 06 00 03 Ifl 00 08 Ofl 00 08 Ofl 00 07 14 DO 03 Ofl 00 03 00 00 01 00 00 01 10 00 01 10 DO Ofl 10 80 01 OS 00 150 oe 00 £ s. d. 187 00 00 023 DO DO 024 00 00 027 DO DO 045 DO 00 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 293 a bull, two steers come 4 years old 2 steers of 2 years old 10 Cows 4 heyf ers come 3 years old 5 young cattell come 2 years old 7 calves 30 sheep 12 hogs and two pigs a 200 lb. alottment with houseing & fencing a cart, plow and such furniture Carpenters tools, sycths, sickles wedges ana turning tools Lyning cloth sheets and other things 6 Beads and furniture for another new leather A saddle, bridle & gearths Wool & Salt FlaxWearing clothes & wooling cloth 4 chests & a desk Iron pots, hangers, pot hooks, frying pans spits smoothing iron & other od things 2 guns and a sword Brass Pewter & a lanthorne BooksGold & Silver Thread & Silk Lace, silk & other small things Small leather skins Spade, howes, com, whale bone oyle mattocks and such like In debts In poarke Barrells, tubs, wheels hangings for bead cub bard beadsteads jares & grind stone A share in ye mill, cart rope A table chairs & other lumber A cow, a yearling and a calf Sum total 016 00 00 008 1 00 00 050 00 00 016 00 00 014 00 00 007 00 00 016 00 00 016 00 00 150 00 00 003 00 00 006 00 00 050 00 00 070 00 00 002 10 00 002 00 00 003 10 00 002 10 00 029 00 00 002 10 00 005 00 00 002 16 00 013 10 00 008 00 00 003 10 00 032 00 00 002 02 00 006 00 1 00 002 00 00 005 00 00 014 00 00 002 00 00 006 00 00 003 00 00 004 00 00 007 10 00 885 08 00 S. T, R. Vol. II pp. 23-24. 294 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON An envoice of the estate of the late deceased John Cooper. 10 mares 1 horse 4 horses 3 years old A yearling horse 2 mares, foals 4 horse coults 4 mare foals 4 horse coults 3 cows A bull 4 years old A yearling heifer 3 calves 1 Bed and furniture All the old iron & lumber Pewter A mortar, brass & brass pot & kettell & other brass A iron pot Sheets & other linen chests & boxes Gold & silver spoon & other small things BooksHouse & land Sheets & other linen Wearing clothes 1 hat & spectacles A chest & stockings A buff coat S. T. R. Vol. II. pp. Sum total 26-27. £ s. d. 120 00 00 10 00 00 30 00 DO 08 00 00 22 oo 00 40 00 OO 32 00 OO 28 00 00 15 DO 00 04 10 00 01 15 00 02 10 00 10 DO DO 04 00 DO 01 08 00 02 06 OO 00 10 00 01 10 00 00 16 00 01 10 00 01 00 00 21 00 oo 02 00 00 11 00 00 02 00 00 01 00 00 02 00 00 374 15 oo APPENDIX XIV. PAPERS RELATING TO SHIP ADVENTURE [These papers are referred to on "page 284, Calendar of State Papers Colonial 1699," but not given. The original documents are now in "Colonial Offlce Series, Class 324, Vol, 7, pp. 47-53." London. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON .' 295 AS' given here ' they are taken from trahscrips in Library of Congress, Washington, D. C, and the last three from the originals in London, as they had not yet been transcribed. None have been printed before.] Letter^ from Mr. Gib't Heathcote with Several Copies of the .\ffidavit relating to the Seamens running away with the Ship Adventure bound for Borneo Captain Gullock Commander. To Mr. Popple. Sr. Herewith are 16 Copies of the Oathes made before my Lord Ohief Justice Holt concerning the Loss of the Ship Adventure Cap tain Gullock, in her voyage for Borneo, as also the Descriptions of the Ship, Cargo and men that run away with her. My humble Request in behalf of myself and the other Mer chants concerned is, that their Lordships would be pleased to send ofae of these to Each of His Majesty's Governments in the West Indies, with their Orders to the Governors Deputy Governors &c to make all diligent Search after the Ship and Cargo, to secure the same without Imbesselments for our use till we can give our Directions about it. As for the Villains that Run away with her, it would be a National good to have 'em made Examples, but the manner of pro ceeding against them is humbly submitted to their Lordships great Wisdom. I am Sr. Your most humble Servant Gilbert Heathcote. St. Swithins Lane June the 10th, 1699, Affidavit of Captain Gullock Comander of the Ship Ad venture bound for Borneo relating to the Seamen running away wth ye sd Ship, Thomas Gullock of London Mariner maketh Oath, that he this Deponent being Master or Commander of the Ship Adventure of London, burthen about three hundred Tunns, mounted with Two and Twenty Guns, belonging to Mr. Gilbert Heathcote Merchant of London and Company, which said Ship and Cargo, being of the value of Thirteen Thousand pounds or thereabouts, was in the Month of March 1697/8, bound out upon a Voyage upon the said Ship to the Island of Borneo in the East Indies, and accordingly did in pursuance of the said Voyage proceed and Sail near the Island Nayas upon the Coast of Sumatra, and having occasion for 296 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON water did come to an Anchor before the said Island, 'with intent to supply the said Ship with Water, and in Order thereunto did send his Second Mate with severall Seamen in the Long Boat be longing to the said Ship on shoar the said Island. But this De ponent, beleiving the Natives of that Island to be savage and bar barous, did for the Security of his men goe afterwards on Shoar in his Yaule with more help; And this Deponent further saith that the water being filled he ordered the Long Boat to go on Board with the same, which they did, and also took the Yaule with them and left this Deponent on Shoar upon the said Island with fourteen of the said Ships Company without any manner of Pro visions or other Necessaries of Life, and immediately after they were on board did loose the said Ships Sayles and stood off to Sea, and a small time after did send the Yaule on shoar with five per sons, who told this Deponent that when they came on board they did immediately with Armes in their hands seize upon the Chiefe Mate saying he was their Prisoner, and the Ship and all that was in her was their owne, and then did cut the Cable and run away 'with the said Ship and Cargo, And this Deponent further saith that, according to the best of his remembrance he hath affixed here unto a true, exact, and particular Account of the names of the Severall Seamen that run away with the said Ship, together 'with their Severall ages, and Descriptions of their Severall persons, and likewise a Description of the said Ship and Cargo, Jurat coram me Thomas Gullock. (13th die May 1699) John Holt Vera Copia. . Drew Hacker and William Whitesides affidavit relating to the same subject. Drew Hacker Gent'n and William Whitesides Boat Swain of the said Ship Adventure doe severally make oath that they have seen and do beleive the Affidavit of Captain Gullock to be true in ali particulars thereof; and further say that they remained on board the said Ship all the time whilst the said Captain Gullock and the rest of the Seamen went on Shoar for water, and as soon as Joseph Bradish the Boat Swains Mate, and the rest of his Crew returned on board the said Ship with the said Water they imme diately seized the said Ship cutt the Cable and stood off to Sea, and declared the Ship and Cargo was their own, this Deponent Drew Hacker says he was immediately turned on Shoar in the Yaule with four hands more; and this Deponent William White- sides says he was on board four days longer, and then suffered to goe away with the Chief Mate and Armourer in the Long Boat, and HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 297 after twenty three days met with a Dutch Ship, which carried them to Batavia, Drew Hacker Jurat 13 Die May 1699 William Whiteside Coram me John Holt Vera Copia ex Original Names and Descriptions of the Persons of the Men who run away with the Ship Adventure and her Cargo on the 17th of September 1698 from the Island Nayas in East India, Years. of ordinary Stature, well sett, round vis age, fresh complexion, darkish hair, pock- 25 fretten, and aged about of ordinary Stature, rawboned, very pale complexion, dark hair, remarkably deformed 30 by an attraction of the Lower Eylid Tall, lusty, rawboned, long visage. Swarthy 28 Short, well sett, swarthy, much pork fretten 35 Short, thick great Lips, black bushy hair 35" Scot Short, very well sett, round visage, fresh coloured 20 Short and small, black, much Squint-eyed 18 Short, very well sett, fresh coloured, pock fretten 20 Short, very small, black, blind of one Eye 18 Tall, Maugre, sickly complexion, large black Eyes ; Scot 30 Short, well sett, broadfaced, darkish hair 30 Short, black, fresh coloured, lamish of both Leggs 20 Short, thick, broadfaced, bad complexion, dark hair "Scot 28 Short, small, fair complexion Scot 25 Ordinary Stature, long visage, very yel lowish, bad complexion 25 Short, Small, sharp chin'd, redish hair 22 Short, well sett, fresh coloured, black hair 25 Short, small fresh coloured, very down looke 20 Cornels Larking Ordinary Stature, thick, fatt, fresh coloured and fair 18 Edward Ham Small, very black 35 Francis Read Short, and small, redish hair 18 Rowland Martin Ordinary Stature, fresh Coloured, Black a Dane 28 Joseph Bradish John Lloyd Thomas Hughs John Peirce Andrew Martin Wm. Simpson Thos. Simpson James Vanner -Jee Witherly Thos. Jameson Cooper Wm. Griffith John Parrot Robt. Knox Tho : Dean Robt. Mason Tho. Davis Tho : Edgill Ellmore Clark 298 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON John Westby Short, red hair, kept on board by force, Chyrurgeons mate 25 Rob't Amsden Small and black, kept by force Carpenters Mate 18 Wm. Saunders Ordinary Stature, well sett, fresh coloured, black hair 15 A Description of the Shipp Adventure She is a Hag Boat, Ipswitch built, about 350. Tunns mounted with Twenty two Gunns, viz upon the quarter Deck Six, through round ports, upon Main Deck 14, all Sakers, having so many ports and no more, and upon the Gunn Deck, only Two Demy Culverings, with only those two Ports just before the back head of the Gun Room; She had Severall small Ballast Ports made for her first de signed Lading of Coals; her Gun Deck is not layed between the fore and after Hatchways, only three streaks on each side under the Standards, and two Streaks on each side the Hatchways; nor have those Midship Beams ever had any barlongs fixed onto them; She hath five Lights in her Round house, and as many in the Great Cabin; her quarter Deck comes within 15 or 16 foot of her Main Mast, between which is a Cabstane from the quarter Deck to the Entring place; she hath gauge ways with two close Cabins under each, she is well enough carved and yellow painted only the Bugi lugs between the Windows are black, she hath badges on her quarters, and a freezework runns between the fife Rale, and the plane Sheere quite aft; only one Boat which is a Pinnace about thirty foot long rowes with nine Oars well carved and adorned. The Cargo consisted of Scarlet and other Coloured Cloth Perpetuanoes and Broad Flannells Opium, Iron and Lead Fuzees with brass work upon the Stocks. Small Iron Gunns: all about 200. weight. Grapnells and Anchors from 50t. to 2 or 3ct. weight And Spanish Dollars 33500. The Plate and Opium Chests and Bales marked 0. A. Deposition of Simon Bonan The said examinant saith that upon Tuesday the 21st of this Just March he was at East hampton on the Island of Nassau and did see a ship rideing at anchor off the said Town of East Hamp ton, upon the South Side of the Island, whereupon he the said Ex aminant together with one Capt. Mulford, and some others belong ing to the said Town, took a Whale boat and went on board the said HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 299 ship wch the Seamen said was of burthen about 370 Tuns 22 Guns and belongd to London, the Captain was ashoar but the mate was aboard, and said they came from Gu:nea but they saw noe negros aboard, he said he was bound for Pensilvania, they sold some small armes to some of the people who went aboard wth them, that she was navigated wth 25 men or there abouts, they said she had sundry goods aboard, but had ordrs not to break bulk nor to Sell any goods, but found the people very much .... and that they had been from London 15 months. Then this Examinant re turned ashoar, he saw the Captain at Jno, Mulfords house wth Coll Peirson and two Ministers wth him, and afterwards heard that Coll Peirson went wth the said Capt, to New London, and that he had hired three Sloops, one at Southampton and two at Southold, and the next day the ship was gone I heard that she went to the East ward, having taken a pilot called Samll, Hand along wth him. Simon Bonan, Deposition of Henry Peirson, Esq. Who being duly sworn on the Evangelists of God, and Examined saith that on or about the 20th of last moneth he this Deponent saw a Ship under saile off Sagaponnack toward the East End of Nassau Island, and took boat wth severall persons, and went on board the said ship, and Inquiring what ship she was answer was made she was from London, and he asking whither she was bound, v/as answered to Pensylvania, he alsoe asking how long they had been from England was answered about fifteen moneths. The per son who passed for Capt of the sd ship asked for ffresh provisions, and desired to come on shoar wth this Deponent, in ordr to fur nish himselfe therewith, which th:s Deponent Consented to not doubting or suspecting anything of ill in the man because that upon this Deponents asking his name, he frankly owned his name to be Joseph Bradish, and that he was borne in Cambridge near Boston and that h:s father and Relations lived in or near Charlestown, by Boston aforesaid, upon his comeing ashoar he furnishd himselfe v/ith provisions, Mr. White, the Minister of the said Sagaponnack being att this Deponts house att his coming ahsoar wth the said Joseph Bradish, and the said Joseph Bradish desireing to ride out to some Towne he this Depont together wth Mr. White the Min ister rode with him to the Towne of East Hampton which is about five miles from this Deponts house, where there were severall per sons who said they knew his the said Bradish's relations Then this Depont and Mr. White and the said Bradish returned the same day to this Deponts house, and Bradish went on board the ship that night, and came back again the next Day to this Deponts 300 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON house bringing with him four baggs, two of which had as he said a Thousand Dollars or pieces of eight in each and the other two baggs had as he said four hundred Dollars or pieces of Eight in each he the said Bradish sealling up the said four baggs and leave- ing them with this Deponent, att his house together with a small bagg of Jewells which bag of Jewells was alsoe sealed up wth the same seale as the other baggs were he this Deponent giveing a re ceipt undr his hand to the said Joseph Bradish for the aforesaid five baggs, this depont further saith, that the said Joseph Bradish gave him Two small guns and a Cask of Powdr of about 60 weight as the said Bradish said one Jewel and a small bagg of peices of eight wch this Deponent never opened, while Bradish was att this Depots house he sent for some bottles of wine and beer to the mate and some bottles were brought to this Deponts house but how many this Depont took no acct and farther this Deepont saith not. Henry Peirson. Deposition of Cornelius Schillinx Who being duly sworn on the holy Evangelists of God and Examined saith that on or about Tuesday the twenty first Inst. This Deponent being at East Hampton in the Island of Nassau, saw a Certain ship lying about a League from the Shore over against the said Town of East Hampton, and did with five or six more go wth an Intention to go on board, but being disencouraged by a Boat from on board the said ship went not, but was Informed by the people in the said Boat, That the said ship was Generally thought and reported to be a Privateer or Pyrate and by their Observation as well as by this Deponts was a Dutch Built ship, and that the aforesaid people had both seen and bought severall Dutch arms and knives. The aforesaid ship was said to have been about three hundred and seaventy Tuns and to have been about fifteen moneths from England. He this Deponent further saith yt he heard that Lt. Coll. Henry Peirson had been on board the said ship, and brought the Capt. of the said ship (one Bradish) on shoar wth him to Sagaponnack to his the said Lt. Coll, Peirsons house this Depont alsoe heard that three sloops had been on board the said ship, and unloaded her, the mastrs of two wch sloops were Ebenezer Meggs and one Carter Gillum the former of wch lives in Homonosset or Guilford In Connecticut Colony the lattr in South Hold on Long Island. The name of the third this Depont remem bers not, and after the said sloops had so unloaded her, this Depont was Informed that they fired Guns into her bottom, and sunk her some of wch Guns this Depont believes he heard — further that some Indians who had been on board Informed this Depont that they had seen arms lye on board about ye said ship as thick as HISTORY OF THE TOH'N OF SOUTHAMPTON 301 straws, wch they took to be Dutch arms, and that some other Indians had brought on shoar wth them a parcell of hatts and Dutch knives and further this Depont saith not, Cornelius Schillinx. APPENDIX XV, EARLY SAG HARBOR IMPRINTS. (I have received most kind assistance in compiling the fol lowing list from Mr, Wilberforce Eames and Mr, O, B, Ackerly,) "Verses occasioned by the Loss of the Brig Sally, on Eaton's Neck, January 16, 1791, together with some reflections said to have been made by Capt. Keeler during the storm," (D, Froth ingham,) The Holy Bible abridged: or, the history of the Old and New Testament Illustrated with notes, and adorned with cuts. For the use of children. Sagg-Harbour, Printed by David Frothingham, 1791. (This was advertised on Sept, 13, 1791 as now printing and in a short time ready for sale,) "A plain and serious address to the Master of a Family on the Important subject of Family Religion, by Phillip Doddrige, D, D, Sagg Harbour, printed by David Frothingham MDCCXCI," (36 pp). The Rights of Animals; an oration delivered at the commence ment of Pro-vidence College Sept. 7, 1791 by Herman Daggett can didate for the master's degree, (quotation from Solomon.) Sagg Harbour printed by David Frothingham MDCCXCII. Proposals for printing (at the printing office Sagg Harbour) on elegant large type and good paper, "The Poor Man's Help and Young Man's Guide" by Wm. Bartlett M. A. As soon as 400 sub scribers are obtained the work would be put to press. (Advt. in Herald of Apl. 12, 1792.) The Life of Joseph, the son of Israel. In eight books. Chiefly designed to allure young minds to a love of the sacred Scriptures. By John Macgowan a new edition (D. F,) in a fancy script Mono- 302 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON gram, A frontispiece engraving of Jos. and his brethren. Sagg Harbour printed and sold by David Frothingham, (No date but printed prior to May 3, 1792 — ISlpp) The Evil of Lying; A Sermon delivered at Bridgehampton, Jan uary 13th, 1793 by Aaron Woolworth M. A. pastor of the Church at that place, Sagg Harbor printed by David Frothingham MDCCXCII, (15pp) The Life of Christ as Lord and Redeemer; Lasting as Eternity, the Believer's Consolation and worthy of the greatest attention, illustrated in a sermon preached at Bridge Hampton on the Lord's Day, Sept, 14, 1794, immediately after the funeral of Samuel Buell Woolworth, Who died Sept. 13, 1794 in the third year of his age, by Samuel Buell, D.D., pastor of the Church of Christ in East Hampton. (Two scripture quotations.) Sagg Harbour printed by David Frothingham. (42pp.) Rules and regulations for the government of the Academy in East Hampton, Sagg Harbour printed by David Frothingham MDCCXCIV. (12pp) A sermon on Covetousness delivered at Southold L. I. Febru ary 1 1795 by Jonathan Bird A, M, Sagg Harbour printed by David Frothingham MDCCXCV (15pp) An Attempt to Delineate the Character and Ser'vices of the Faithful Servant of Christ in a sermon preached at the funeral of the Rev. Noah Wetmore A. M, late minister at Brookhaven March 10 1796 by William Schenck A. B. and M. V. D. at Huntington Long Island (quotation from St. Paul) published at the request and by the widow and children of the deceased. Sagg Harbor printed by David Frothingham. (No date) The Long Island Magazine or Universal Repository, for June 1796 (table of contents) Sagg Harbour, printed by David Frothing- MDCCXCVI (56 pp. Only one copy known) A Remarkable Dream or Vision Which was experienced on the night of the 20th May 1799 By Aaron Warner of Plymouth (Conn) who died Sept, 3 1800. This Remarkable Dream was left at Mr. Warner's death in his own handwriting. Sag Harbour. Printed by S. Osborne, near the Market 1802 (23pp) The Voice of Gratitude — a discourse delivered on the 22d of November 1804 being the anniversary thanksgiving in the Pres byterian Church at Southampton, Long Island, by David S. Bogart A. M, Sag Harbor — printed by Alden Spooner 1805 (24pp) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 303 The Duty of Parents and Children — A sermon addressed to the school in Smithtown, December 26, 1803 by Luther Gleason, pastor of the Church in that place. Train up a child in the way he should go, and when he is old he will not depart from it, Solomon, Sag Harbor, N, Y, printed by Alden Spooner 1805, (15pp) A Sermon containing a General History of the Town of East Hampton (L, I,) from its First Settlement to the Present Time, De livered at East Hampton Jan. 1 1806 by Lyman Beecher, pastor of the Church in that place. Sag Harbor printed by Alden Spooner 1806. (40pp) A Dialogue Exhibiting some of the Principles and Practical Consequences of Modern Infidelity. Sag Harbor printed by Alden Spooner 1806 (24pp) A Sermon Occasioned by the Lamented Death of Mrs. Frances M. Sands of New Shoreham, formerly an inhabitant of East Hamp ton (L, I,) Composed and now made public at the request of her afflicted partner, and delivered at East Hampton Oct. 12 th 1806. By Lyman Beecher, Pastor of the church at that place. Sag Harbor. Printed by Alden Spooner 1806. 20pp. 12 mo. An Affecting History of the Captivity and Sufferings of Mrs. Velnet, an Italian lady, who was seven years a slave in Tripoli, three of which she was confined in a dungeon loaded with irons; At times put to the most cruel tortures ever invented by men. Written by herself. Second American edition. Sag Harbor N. Y, printed by Alden Spooner 1806, Catalogue of Books contained in the Franklinean library of Setauket, instituted June 7 1806. [quotation from B, Franklin] Sag Harbor, N. Y. printed by Alden Spooner, 1807 (12 pp) A Circular Letter addressed by the Presbytery of Long Island to the several churches under their care. Printed by Alden Spoon er, Sag Harbor, 1807. Constitution of the Literary Society of Sag Harbor, adopted at the establishment of the Institution Feb. 9 1807. Sag Harbor, printed by Alden Spooner 1807. The remedy for duelling, A sermon delivered before the Pres bytery of Long Island, at the opening of their session at Aquebogue, April 16 1806, by Lyman Beecher, pastor of the Church in East Hampton, published by the request of Presbytery. Sag Harbor, printed by Alden Spooner 1807. (44pp) 304 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON An Impartial Narrative of the Trial of Mr. Luther Gleason before the Congregational Convention of Long Island, holden at Old Man's Brookhaven, April 13 1803; to which is prefixed a brief account of said Luther Gleason, from the time of his coming into this part of the Church, By the prosecutor, (quotation from the Savior.) Sag Harbor, printed by Alden Spooner 1808 (100 pp.) A Faithful Narrative of the remarkable revival of religion, in the congregation of Easthampton, on Long Island In the year of our Lord, 1764; with some reflections. By Samuel Buell, D. D, late minister of the gospel in that place. To which are added. Sketches of the author's life. — memoirs of his daughter Mrs. Conklin, and his son, Samuel Buell, which were annexed to the sermons pub lished on the occasion of their death. And, also, an account of the revival of religion in Bridgehampton & East Hampton in the year 1800, Sag-Harbor: printed by Alden Spooner. 1808 (144 pp. Frontispiece portrait of Buell.) Sketches of the Life of Joseph Mountain, A Negro who was executed at New Haven on the 20th day of October, 1790, for a rape committed on the 26 day of May 1790 — Sag Harbour (L, I.) Printed for the Purchasers. 1808 [Printed by Alden Spooner] Parker's Ameriean Citizen's Sure Guide or Ready Reckoner, Measurer and Calendar by Solomon Parker. Sag Harbor, printed by Alden Spooner for the Author 1808. (287pp) A Letter from the Hon. John Quincy Adams, A member of the Senate of the United States from the State of Massachusetts, addressed to the Hon. Harrison Gray Otis, on the present state of our National affairs, with remarks on Mr. Pickering's letter to the Governor of Massachusetts, — Sag Harbor, printed by Alden Spooner 1808, (36pp) A Collection of hymns, original and select. For the use of small assemblies and private Christians by Nathaniel S. Prime. I 'will sing with the Spirit and I will sing with the Understanding, also. Sag Harbor, printed by Alden Spooner 1809 (144pp) An inquiry into the Cause of the prosperity of the Methodist Episcopal Church in the United States to which is annexed an ap pendix containing a statement of the peculiar doctrines of the Cal vinists and Methodists contrasted by James Snowden, Sag Harbor, printed by Alden Spooner 1809 (120pp) The Village Church, a Poem by the Rev. Nathaniel Rowell. printed by Al'den Spooner, Sag Harbor 1809 (llpp) HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 305 Speech of the Hon, Mr, Bayard, delivered in the Senate of the United States, Tuesday, February 14, 1809, on the motion to strike out that part of Mr. Giles' Resolution which interdicts all com mercial intercourse between England and France and their De pendencies. Printed at Sag Harbor, 1809 (No printer named, prob ably Spooner) The Contrast, or the death bed of a Free Thinker and the death bed of a Christion exemplified in the last hours of the Hon. Francis Newport and the Rev, Samuel Finley, D. D. Sag Harbor, printed by Alden Spooner 1810 (32pp) An Address of the Republican Committee of Nomination To the Electors of the County of Suffolk on the affairs of the General Government and objects of importance connected with the ensuing election, (Cut of a spread eagle) Sag Harbor, printed by Alden Spooner. (16pp printed 1810.) An Entertaining Controversy between Rev, Lemuel Haynes Minister of a Congregational Church in Rutland (Vermont) and Rev. Hosea Ballon, Preacher of the Doctrine of Universal Salva tion, Consisting First, of a sermon by Mr. Haynes delivered at West Rutland, in the year 1805, entitled "Universal Salvation a very ancient doctrine, with some account of the life and character of its author" immediately after hearing Mr, Ballon zealously ex hibit his sentiments in support of that doctrine. Second, An epistle by Mr, Ballon to Mr, Haynes being a Reply to his sermon delivered at West Rutland, Third, A lengthy Letter by Mr, Haynes to Mr, Ballon, in reply to the Epistle. Sag Harbor. Pri-nted by Alden Spooner, 1810. (58pp), [Haynes was a man of color. He died at Granville, N, Y., in Oct. 1833 K 80 He preached over 50 years at West Rutland, Vt. O, B, A,] An Abridgment of L. Murray's Grammar, with an appendix containing an exemplification of the parts of speech and exercises in syntax designed for the Younger Classes of learners — by Lind ley Murray, Sag Harbor, Printed by Alden Spooner 1810 (107pp) Prayer for Ministers, A' Christian Duty, A sermon delivered Oct, 23d 1816 at the Ordination of the Rev, Henry Fuller as the Pastor of the United Congregation of Smithtown and Fresh Ponds by Aaron Woolworth D, D, Pastor of the Church in Bridge Hamp ton. Published by request. Sag Harbor. Printed by Samuel A. Seabury 1817 (18pp) 306 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON A Sermon occasioned by the Death of Miss Mary Hill who died of a consumption January 19th 1817 aged 26 years. Written and published by the request of her afflicted friends and delivered by John D. Gardiner, Pastor of the Presbyterian Church in this Place, Price 15c, Sag Harbor. Printed by Samuel A. Seabury 1817 The Constitution of the Suffolk County Bible Society. Organ ized Oct. 3d 1815. Printed by Samuel A, Seabury, Sag Harbor 1818 Rules and Orders of the Court of Common Pleas of Suffolk County, N. Y, Printed by Samuel A. Seabury 1819 General Laws of the State of New York, together with the local laws of the County of Suffolk. Passed at the 49th Session in 1826, Printed at the Corrector Office, Sag Harbor, 1826 An Essay By Evan Evans Minister of the Gospel at Aque bogue. "For we can do nothing against the truth, but for the truth." Paul, Sag Harbour March 1828 (lOpp) HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 307 APPENDIX XVI, MUSTER ROLLS. A muster Roll of ye Suffolk Regiment Anno Don 1715. Henry Smith Col, Joseph Wiekham, Lieut (Col) Will'm Smith Maj'r, (Erroneously entered as a Regiment of Horse) Troop John Cooper Capt. John Corwin Lieut Jonathan Baker Comet John Benjamen Quarter Master Jonathan Horton Clarke John Morehouse Corporall Obadiah Smith Corp'll Nathan Sayre Henry Pierson Nathaniell Halsey James Clarke John Lupton Abraham Pierson Benjamen Moore William osmun Samuell Parsons Robert Moore William Schillinx Josiah Miller Richard Shaw Eliakim Conckling John Squire Daniell Osban Daniell Baker Aron Burnett Isaac Overton William Amold John Bud John Conckline Joseph Smith Thomas Sayre George Harris Edward Howell Jonah Rogers John Mitchell Daniell Sayre David Burnett Reciompence Carte Daniell Miller Israel Parshall Christopher Youngs David Horton David Howell Barnabas Wines Da'vid Corey Samuell Clarke Abraham Cooper Samuell Jones Southampton Company N : i Jeramiah Scott Capt. John Poster Lieut John Post Ens. Benjamin Jagger 308 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON obadiah Rogers Jeremiah Jagger Joshua Halsey Ephraim White Jeremiah Culver lchabod Sayre Samuell Jagger William Jennings Samuell Jennings Benjamin Hayne John Haines David Haines John Harris Joseph Lupton David Roase David Shaw David Roase Thomas Lupton Zachariah Davie Joseph Wolle Josiah Bishop Joseph Smith Joseph Goodale Jonathan Goodale William Foster Josiah Loughton Samuel Bishop John Wolle Nathan Hildreth Isaac Hildreth Jeremiah Foster John Foster Samuell Woodruff Isaac Woodruff Isaac Halsey Isaac Halsey John Jagger Jeremiah Jagger Jonah Howell John Clarke Samuell Halsey Ezekiel Howell Jonathan Culver Gershom Culver Daniell Frazier Samuell Jones Daniell Bower Nathan Jagger John Scott Amos Wolle John Duran Southampton Company N : 2. Christopher Foster Daniell Halsey Thomas Topping Richard Howell Isaac Howell Obadiah Howell Ephraim Halsey Joseph Pain Henry Jessup Daniell Foster Zebulon Howell Stephen Boyer Benjamin Whiting Isaac Halsey Capt Nathaniell Howell Lieut John Howell Ens Isaac Howell Josiah Halsey Benjamin Foster Richard Fowler Pelitiah Fordham Samuell Pierson James Cooper Ephraim Hildreth Jonathan Hildreth Nehemiah Howell John Reves Arthur Davis Thomas Payer HISTORY OF THE 'TOH'N OF SOUTHAMPTON 309 Benjamin Marshall John Reeves Isaac Jessup Samuell Howell Jacob Ware John Sayre Joseph Burnitt Daniell Makintush David Howell Daniell Halsey Joseph Howell Stephen Herrick John Payer John Gibbons Joseph Fordham Bridgehampton Company Josiah Tapping Capt Henry Ludlam Steven Tapping Elisha Howell Theodore Pierson Daniell Hedges Martin- Rose David Halsey Obadiah Cook Eliphalet Clarke Ammy Rescue William Tarbell John Flint Thomas Howell John Carwithey Benj. Howell James White John Morris Samuel Haines Thomas Sanford James Hildreth Elias Cook William Smith Josiah Hand John Stanburough Nathaniell Woodruff Thomas Halsey Daniell Hildreth Josiah Tapping Zecheriah Rogers Henry Ludlam Matthew Lumm Jacob Wood Ezekiel Sanford [State of New York Report of the State Historian 1896. Colonial Serjes. Vol. I, pp. 508/9. 511./14.] Zecheriah Sanford Joseph More Alexander Wilmut Joshua Hildreth Ethan Sayre Israel Rose Josiah Stranburough Isaac Miller Charles Stevens Abiell Cook Jeremiah Halsey James Haines Samuell Lume Thomas Cooper David Lupton Jonathan Cook Samuell Harris Jonathan Jagger Edward Howell Elias Petty Abraham Halsey Jeremiah Ludlam Jeremiah Halsey Theophilus Howell John Cooper Elnathan White Benjamen Bennit Isaac Sayre Job wick Job Pierson Matthias Sweary 310 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Capt. Elias Hand's Corapany 1758 Captain Elias Hand Nathan Miller Abraham Flint Simon Cooper John Squire Stephen Osborn Isaac Barns Abraham Edwards Abraham Pain John Field Samuel Russel Abraham Schelinger 1st Lieut. Daniel Topping 2d Lieut. Georg Herrick Nathan Baker Thomas Filer Daniel Hopping Sineus Dibble William Miller Joseph Leek Solomon Molatto Henry Roalt William Pain Ebenezer Yeamans John Russel Chapman Jennings Bristol Muckett Samuel Bennett John Hulbert Samuel Foster Zerubbabel Howell Stephen Obadiah Fox David Foster Samuel Howell Jun'r Ryall Howell Joshua Halsey Obadiah Foster Silas Webb Jeremiah Howell Obadiah Cook Judah Colman Solvester Indian lchabod Halsey Samuel Hand Ezikiel Hand, Jun'r Joseph Jeffry .Indian John Indian Abraham Dayton Jonathan Miller Jabez bebee Benjamin Leek Isaac Whitely Robert Jackwies Philip James Indian Edward Topping Silvenus Howell Nathan Tarbel Isaac Jessup Silvester Hudson Lewis Stanborough John Peter Indian John Loper John Tammage Ebenezer Wade John Hart Stephen Jennings James Stanborough David Clark . Ichabud Edwards Josiah Mustee Cuff Mollato Silas Ludlam Stephen Halsey Joseph Elliot Abraham Squire John Shaw Jeremiah Utly Hugh Jennings Jonah Howell, Jun'r Elias Jagger Stephen Pearce Jeremiah Foster Josiah Goninck David Tagger Stephen Wesley Zephaniah Sandford HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 311 Jeremiah Jagger, Jun'r Peter Mustee Thomas Lupton, Jun'r James Warbaton Indian Jacob Weaget Indian David Bond George Bishop Charles Jocob Elnathan Foster William Givyen Harry Persons Indian 97. [State of New York Report of the State Historian 1896. Colonial Series. Vol. I. p. 860.] APPENDIX XVII. "ARTICLES OF ASSOCIATION" AND ITS SIGNERS. Persuaded, that the Salvation of the Rights and Liberties of America depends, under God, in the firm Union of its Inhabitants, in a vigorous Prosecution of the Measures necessary for its Safety; and convinced of the Necessity of preventing the Anarchy and Confusion, v/hich attend a Dissolution of the Powers of Govern ment; We the Freeholders and Inhabitants, of being greatly alarmed at the avowed Design of the Ministry, to raise a Revenue in America; and, shocked by the bloody Scene now acting in the Massachusetts Bay, Do, in the most solemn Manner resolve, never to become Slaves; and do Associate under all the Ties of Re ligion, Honour, and Love to our Country, to adopt and endeavour to carry into Execution, whatever Measures may be recommended by the Continental Congress; or resolved upon by our Provincial Con vention, for the Purpose of preserving our Constitution, and op posing the Execution of the several arbitrary, and op pressive Acts of the British Parliament; until a Reconciliation be tween Great Britain and America, on Constitutional Principles (which we most ardently Desire) can be obtained; And that we will, in all Things follow the Advice of our General Committee, re specting the Purposes aforesaid, the Preservation of Peace and good Order, and the Safety of Individuals and private property. Dated in May, 1775, Southampton, August 1st, 1775 John Sandford, Jonah Tarbell, Daniel Schellinger, James Hildreth, Ezekiel Sandford, Jeremiah Halsey, Maltby Gelston, Stephen Halsey, 312 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Paul Halsey, John Hulbert, John Hildreth, Edward Topping, Silas Norris, Joseph Moore, Henry Howell, Mitchell Cook, Lewis Sandford, Josiah raynor, Stephen Halsey, Luther Hildreth, William Gelston, John Cook, Jun'r, Jonah Sandford, Nathan Sandford, Thomas Howell, Abraham Schellinger, Silas Sandford, James Hildreth, Jun., Daniel Shellinger, inner, Samuel Howell, the Srd, Abraham Sandford, Isaac Hildreth, Noah Hildreth, Timothy Mathews, Moses Howell, Burnet Cook, David Sandford, Phineas Howell, Abraham Cook, Silvanus Halsey, Isaac Jessup, David Gelston, Elias Cook, Thomas Cooper, Lemuel Howell, Ezekiel Sandford, ye Third, Philip Howell, David Sandford, Jun'r, Matthew halsey, Nathaniel Jessup, George Fordham, Nathan Norris, Abraham Cook, Daniel Moore, Theophilus Halsey, Thomas Sandford, Thomas Topping, John Woodruf, Henry Brown, Stephen Skellinger, Walter Howell, Robert Moore, Matthew Halsey, James Terry, Thomas Gelston, Daniel Schellenger, Stephen Cook, Elias Cook, Junior, Zachariah Sandford, Josiah Sandford, Daniel Halsey, Abraham Hassey, Joshua Hildreth, Timothy Halsey, John Hill, Daniel Hains, David Howell, James Cook, Nathan Norris, Jun'r, William Sandford, Seth Howell, Benjamin Sandford, Samuel Brown, Elias Sandford, Josua howell, Jonathan Cook, Jeremiah Howell, Stephen Jessup, Stephen Sandford, These may Certify that all the Males of the Town of South ampton from sixteen years old and Upwards have signed the above Association, Excepting Mr. Elisha Paine and John Cook, Signed by Daniel Howell, Chairman of Committee of Correspondence. APPENDIX XVIII WHALING VOYAGES FROM SAG HARBOR (In compiling the following table, those portions of tables in Starbuck relating to this locality were used as a foundation, the additions and corrections being made from material furnished by Mr, H, D, Sleight, of Sag Harbor, who made an independent compilation from original local sources some years ago,) 314 HISTORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Captain Managing' O'wner or Ag'ent Date ,' Sailing — Arrival 1760 Good Luck. Success . . . Dolphin . . . 17S4 Easle Hope 1785 Lucy America. . . . . 17S9 Lucy 1790 Lucy 17D1 Betsey 1793 ,, Betsey Lucy . 1793 Betsey Lucy . 1791 .Joseph Conkling' John Foster & others. . . E. Fordham . . Ripley Silas Howell . D. Squires D. Gardiner & Bro. Ben. Huntting' Col. Huntting- Ben. Huntting S. Howell & Co. S. HoweU & Co. S. HoweU & Co. Betsey Lucy . I ,1 I'^U Rog-ers . . . S. Howell & Co. May 15, 1785 June 4, 1785 July, 1790 "f IO Betsey Lucy , IS. Howell & Co. 1796 Hetty 1797 Criterion . . . 179S .Mary IKOO Minerva . . . . 1801 Abigail 1802 Ablfc-ail Ben. Huntting Ben. Huntting Ben. Huntting Fowler Aus, 179S 1800 1801 1803 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 315 Ton^r 1 ---'-¦ -°"- 3. Oil W.Oil Bone Remarka Sloop . . . . .-Vtlantic 360 300 800750 No record of catch. Schr, So. Shore, L. I, , , , No record of catch. No record of catch. No record of catch. Voyage unprofitable. ':::, : Hopeless venture. Brig Brazil Bought from Middletown, Conn,, 1785. Brig Brazil Brig 212 212 Brig Brig 212 Brig 212 212 Last reported with 750 barrels. Brig Wrecked, on Cape Cod 1795 Ship 256 229 Brig 215 Brig Ship 3hip 215]. Brazil Added 1798. Last reported with 900 whale. 316 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival Minerva . Fowler .... 180 3 1803 18041804 Jan. 25, 1804 Aug.-May 20. 1805 June 28, 1805 June 28, 1805 May, 1806 July 14, 1806 July 7, 1807 July 4, 1806 July 17 1806 Minerva 1804 Alknomac John Hildreth Ben. Huntting Abigail 1805 Minerva Abigail . . 1806 Abigail Brazil A. Folg-er James Post G & T Havens St. Lawrence Warren Howell & Beebe June 28, 1806 May, 1808 1807 Alknomac Jones. . . . Brazil Minerva 1807 jiine X 1807 1809 S. Howell & Co Jefferson Godbee. . . . 1808 Alknomac .... Brazil Warren Washington Fowler. . . . May 13 1809 Abigail Minerva F. Sayres 1808 1809 Abigail Alknoma'C Jefferson Jones Post Warren Washington Fowler .... — Sayre Fowler 1 June, 1810 : June 16. ISIO 1810 Abigail Aug. 12, 1811 Sept.-July, 1812 Washington 1811 Abby Wm. Fowler S. Howell & Co 1812 Abigail Geo. Post 1814 Warren Ed. Halsey HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 317 Class and Tonnage Whalin.g Ground Ship Ship S.Oil W.Oil Bone . . Bra;;il 200 SOO Remarks Last reported 'with 900 whale. Ship Pata.gonia , , . . 1,360 200 SOO Brig I ¦-.. 1.200 Shin Brig Brazil 1.300 BrigShipShip 20S '284 500 . ., 1,300 70 1,300 . .. 1,700 $20,000. Ship Ship BrigShip Brazil 215 i 384 ! 1.600 299! ' 1,600 1 Brazil .... 1.600 215 1,700 450 Last reported with 1,000 whale. Probably obtained abt. 1,600 barrels. Sold to Nantucket 1809. Ship ....'Brazil . . . .Patagonia i . . . . 700 .... Brazil ' Ship Brazil 308 800 1,160 Ship .... Brazil 1.1-00 60 1,000 Isold for $1 a. gallon. Ship 284i 1.800 318 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of 'Vessel Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival 1815 Halsey . . . . June 2, 1816 Martha July, 1816 1816 Abigail James Post 1817 Post Skinner . . . Fadr Helen Post 1818 Halsey .... July 2 1819 Martha Post June, 1819 July 1819 1819 1820 Abiff-ail Ars:onaut Sayre Abig"ail July Fair Helen Juiy 5 Octavia July Thomas Nelson. . . June. Osborne . . . Fair Helen I ,\ug. Julius Caesar i01i\er Fowler Marcus Ontario .... Union . 1 — Smith . . . Post Osborne. July July-March. 1821 1821 Andes I lOct. 29 . 1822 ' Abigail ¦ Green j ^ 1822 I Marcli, 1822 Fair Helen Hannibal .Tuliu.s Caesar. Octavia Thorn 1S22 Ande.s . . . . Argonaut . Fair Helen Gen. Seott Hannibal . . Ocean Green ; jujv Gardner. ... Octavia H. Gi'een Thorn Gardner Grlfting. Isaac Sayre . . . Sayre. . . Apr., l.s 2 2 March 6, 1S23 Jan. 29 1823 .Jun°, 1823 n Post May 31. 1S23 HIS'TORY OF THE 'TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 319 Class and Tonnage Whaling Ground S.Oil W.Oil Bone Ship . .Brazil Ship Ship Ship Ship Ship Brazil Brazil Brazil 254 Brazil 309 262 254 Patagonia Brazil Pacific 283 Patagonia , . , , Brazil 262 Brazil i-atagonia 1,500 '966 1,200 1,8001,300 600 566 000 Ship Brig ShipSloopShip Brazil Brazil 1,700 1,850 . .. 1,400 100 1,500 1,450 11,000 1,600 Remarka Returned leaking badly. Last reported with 500 whale. Last reported with 900 whale. Last reportde with 800 -whale. Last reported with 700 whale. Last reported 'With 1,200 whale. Last repo-rted with 60 0 whale. Last reported with 1,260 whale Last reported with 800 'whale. Last reported with 1,400 whale. Last reported 'with 900 whale. Last reported with 1,200 whale. Retd. in Sept. with a sprung mainmast; sailed again in 1820. Reported Feb., 1822, with 1,700 wliale. Condemned and broken up abt, 1822. Last reported with 1,350 sperm. Last reported with 1,400 whale Note. — Eight ships sailed from Sag Harbor In 1822, returning in 1823 with 1842 sperm, 9,731 whale and 45,800 lbs, bone. 320 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel IS Andes .^r.tfonaut . Fair Helen Gen. Scott. Hannibal . . Marcus Octavia Ocean Thorn Union 1824 Argonaut . Fair Helen - Hannibali . . Octavia . . . Thorn Union 1826 Fair Helen Hannibal . . Marcus . . . Octavia . . . Union 1826 Ar.gonaut . . Fair Helen . Hannibal . /. Marcus . . . . Thatmes -. . . . Thorn Union 1827 Andes Arabella . American Argonaut Cadmus . . . Fair Helen Hannibal . . Marcus . . . Neptune . . Thorn Thames . . . Union 1828 AmericanArgonautClaudio . . Cadmus . . Henry . . . Captain Sayre. Green Sayre . Griffin Smiih . Gardner Griftin . Howland. Sayre Howell. Green . . Sayre . . Griffin . Griftin . Griffin Green . Sayre . Cooper HoweU Griffin Tupper Matthew Sayre Post . . . Sayre . . Harris Green . Halsey - Hand . ¦ Sayre George Post . . . Uriah Sayre . . . A. K. Griffn . . . George Howell Managin.g Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival June 3-Apr. 30, '24 May 31 May 31-May 31, '24 Jan 29, '25 June 6, '25 -May 31 May 31, '24 June, 1S2.S June 22, '25 June 6, '26 Aug.-June 25, '26 Aug.Aug. Aug.-May, 1826 May, 1826 Mulford & Sleight. June 27, '27 July 22-July. 1S27 June 26, '27 June 25-June 22, 27 Julv 22-May, 1827 July 22-July, 1S27 1828 S. & L. Howell ,Aug. 24-July 3, '30 June 9. '28 Mav, 1828 Mulford & Sleight. July 28 i Mav. 1S2S June 12. 1828 June 7, 1828 Sept.-May 21, '28 July 10-May 30, '29 July 17-Apr. 2 4. 29 Oct-Nov. 19, '29 June 19-Apr. 8, '29 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 321 Class and Tonnage Whaling Ground S. Oil W. Oil Bone Remarka .,,. Brazil 150 1,450 '356 l','766 1,466 1,766 2,060 2,6661,585 ¦466 600 1,256 1,150 1,6601,4501.9001,260 1,6661,400 Full 1,200 1,6662,000 1,6871,490 300 1,927 9,000 8',666 '1,666 16,773 13,328 l'7',6i2 „ Brig Ship 60 1,800 Sold large part of cargo, re turned with coee. sugar and turned with coffee sugar and Brought home some bone. Lost her mast oft Sandy Hook; towed into New York. '299 Paciflc „ Sloop Ship Ship Atlantic Brazil M '299 <¦ U Last reported 1.80 0 whale. Ship .... Brazil South Seas Ship Pacific ;¦ '356 Patagonia Brazil 50 Ship 299 3fi6282254 Patagonia Brazil Reported Feb. 5. 1827, with 1,660 whale. Reported with 1.600 whale. 2,853 Condemned on returning from voyage. " Patagonia Brazil Reported in another place as ,j 310 ¦369 283 '299 35C 282 26^ having 1,760 whale. It Brazil Condemned abt. 1828. Ship Patagonia " South Seas '176 Last reported March, 1828 1,000 whale. Brig Ship 13«31C Brought also 300 furs. 28 ,_ Reported uec, j.»z», witn j,, lu" whale. 322 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Hannibal Marcus , Potosi , , Thames . Thorn . . . Union . . . 1829 Argonaut ¦American Cadmus . . ColumbiaHenry . . . Hannibal . Marcus . . Thames . . Thorn . . . . 1830 Argonaut AmericanHenry . . . Hannibal . Nimrod . . Neptune . Phenix , , . Potosi . . . Thames . . Thorn . . . . 1831 Acasta . . . Arabella . Argonaut Columbia Cadmus . . Hannibal . Henry . . . Marcus . . Neptune . iNimrod . . Potosi . . . Phenix Thames Thorn Telegraph . . . Triad Xenophon . . . 1832 Acasta American . . . Ann Cadmus Columbia . . . Delta Franklin .:.. Gov. Clinton Hannibal . . , Marcus Nimrod Neptune . . . . Pbenlx Thorn Washington . Captain Henry Green . . . Andrew Halsey. Chas. Griffin . . . Huntg. Cooper . Syls. Griffing . . Ed. Halsey Uriali Sayre Wm. A. Jones. . , , George Plowell , , Robert F. Hand. . Sylvester Griffing Henry Green .... Barney Green . . . Hunttg. Cooper . Plervey Harris. . . Managing Owner or Agent John Brown Date Sailing — Arrival July 18-Apr. 16, '29 July 23-June 1, '29 July 7-June 1 July 18-Apl. 27, July 26-Apl. 9. '29 ¦is '29 S. & L. Howell June21-Junel2, 30 S. B. Huntting & Co i June 24-June 6, 30 Mulford & Sleight jJune 22-Ma 27, 30 Luther D. Cook 'July 27-June 5, '30 Chas. T. Dering 'July 30-May 27, '30 S. & B. Huntting & Co. . : June 30-Apl. 20, '30 S. & N. Howell June 30-June 5, '30 Mulford & Sleight July 22-May 27, '30 June 22-June 3, '30 Jones Parker. Halsey Post . , Cooper' HoweU Allen , , Pearson Hand . Howell Greene 'Griffin N. Case Greene Hand . Howell Sayer . Griffin Harris — . Jones . . . . Howell . . . Hand Isaac Sayre Fordham. . . Rogers . . . . Parker . . . . Cartwright. Halsey , , , . Cooper . . . . Cooner . . . . Havens . . . , Loper Chas. T. Dering & Co. S. & B. Huntting. July 24 June May Feb. March MayMay April May 16, '31 14, '31 25, '31 23, '31 14, '31 -, 1831 14, '31 16, '31 20, 'SI Mulford & Sleight July 24 1 April 28, March 21, I July 30 . . . ; March 3, iMay 23-Feb. 24, Julv 30-Arl. 1, July 30-Feb. 21, . , ' April 1, . . . ! Feb. 24, Aug. 13 832 33 '32 '32¦32¦32 July 30-Apl. 1. '32 March 3, '32 Julv 9-Mch. 27, '32 June 19, '3 4 H. & N. Corwin July 30-June 8, '-2 Mulford & Sleight Oct. 17. '34 H. & N. Corwin. C. T. Derins . . . - 'June 12-May 13, '33 June-May 23, '33 B. Osborne Nov. 2S 1833 June 12-.\pl. 15, ¦33 June-Apl. 14, ^33 June-Apl. 16, '33 Apl. 2, '33 Apl. 28, '33 Mav 14, '33 I Mav 13. '33 .June 12-Apl. 27, '33 June-Apl. 2S. '33 June-March, '31 May 30. '33 June , '33 S. & B. Hunttin.g & Co. Tosiah Douglas HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 323 Ship 309 Brazil .... 1,906 18,611 283 " 24 1,406 11,466 '350 alag-oniai 1,986 16,700 299 Bra/.il 6828 2.170 1,449 21,195 12,368 110 163 590 1,359 4,2r,o ''S2. 13,05S 3io; '• 107 1,468 12,622 ?:^.^' ¦• 1,633 11,585 333| " 65 1,890 17.050 309 " 1,877 14.686 2S3, *• 104 1.218 9,896 350: " 62 1,660 13,726 299i " 1,594 12,875 $16,000, Ship Ship 254282333 309 280 'sii'356 299 286 36625 ' 28f310 309333283 '280 31435 0 299 '336 384 Patagonia 1 . . . . Brazil ' 300 South Atlantic , Tristan Brazil , Patagonia 90 300 1,800 1.8001.900 1,6001,200 2,4001,6001,760 1,450 South Atlantic Paciflc 2.800 South Atlantic 2,000 Brazil South Atlantic Full 1,950 Brazil ! 2,300 " ' 1,800 Africa ' 2,460 South Atlantic , , Brazil . . 2,500 So. Atlantic 2,000 Brazil 1.960 Paciflc 2,900 .... Brazil .... 3,000 Paciflc I Ret'd Aug. leaky & condem'd. 120.000. $25,000 $20,000, 16, 000: $19,000. „ , ^ Greenport; lost at Falkland Mch., 1832. Had 1,100 whale: $22,000. Saved 800. ffiS.OOO. Green'tiort. $60,000. $22,000. Ship 286|So. Atlantic 260 2R2l ¦' i 300! " I ¦ • ¦ • 310' " 2So " j SU-391. 3 Ofl 283 28(1 'sii 299 170 '256 East Cape 60 400 So. Atlantic \ 110 1,350 1,100 I'l'so ' 2,300 1,^002,130 1.600 1,650 1,6001.400 2,1002,000 1,610 $22,000. . . .i$24,000. '. '. !l$ii,ooo. '. '. !i$18,000. 18.500 18,000 $18,000. $28,000.$16,000. Greenport. 324 HISTOKY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Captain Managingr Owner or Ag'ent Date Sailing- — Arrival 1833 1834 Ann AmericanAcasta . . . Cadmus . , ColumbiaDelta . . . . Gem. Henry . . , Hannibal . Marcus . . Neptune . Nimrod . . Ontario . . Phenix . . . Thames . . Telegraph Thorn Triad Washing-ton 1835 Ann A merican . . Acasta Camillus . . . Columbia . . Cadmus . . . . Gem Hudson . . . . Henry Hannibal . . . Marcus . . . . NeDtune . . . Nimrod . . . . Panarma , . . . Thames . . . . Thorn WashingtonXenophon . . Bayard . . . . Delta A Howell N. & G. Howell Acasta Hand Columbia Luther D. Cook Mulford & Sleight E. Mulford H. & N. Corwin — Hand Daniel Webster... Delta Sayre C. Griffin Franklin .... C. T. Dering Gov. Clinton Hannibal Cooper .... E. D. Topping S. & B. Huntting & Co. . Henry C. T. Dering & Co Luther D. Cook S. & N. Howell C T. Dering & Co S. & B. Huntting & Co. . Phenix; Thames Triad Case Washington Apl. 16, '34 Aug. 19-Apl. 18, '37 June 12, '34 . June 10-May 22, '34 June 6-Mch. 18, '34 lAug. 20-May 12, '37 June 4-May 11, '34 lAug. 7-May 18, '37 Aug. 9 July 10-May 21, '34 Jan. IS, 'Z\ July 12-Jan. 29, '36 ¦ Howell , . , . ¦ Jones ¦ Howell , . . . ¦ Hand - Hedges . . . , - Payne - Rogers . . . . Cartwright. - Harris . . . . ¦ E'ldridge. . . ¦ Sayre ¦ Barns Marcus B. Osborne. Mul'f'o'r'a' '&' 's'leight.' Luther D. Cook. H. & N. Corwin, Charles T. Dering S. & B. Huntting & Co. S. & N. Howell S. & B. Huntting & Co. . C. T. Dering & Co Parker IS. & B. Huntting Cooper ....iLuther D. Cook. Green Howell '...'.'.'.'". & Co. June 19 June 19-June 12, ¦3 4 June 4-May 21, '34 1 May 20, '3 4 March, ¦3 4 1 Feb 3, '3 4 Apl. 19, '34 June 4-May 11, •36 May 8, '3b July 10-May 11, ¦36 June 4-May 3, '36 July 14-May 12, ¦35 July 8-May, '36 Apl. 21, '3 b May 12-May 2, •35 July 1-May 11. ¦35 July 14- June, '36 June 26-May 7, ¦35 July 26-May 16, '35 July 17-May 11, ¦Se July 25-May 16, '35 June 4-May 24, ¦SS Havens ,,. [Mulford & Howell. Case |H. & N. Corwin Topping . . .[ July 26-April '35 June 4-May, '35 May 12, '36 ¦ Howell , • .Jones . , ¦ Glover , ¦ Tonping - Hedges , ¦ Hand , , - Halsey , ¦ Green . . ¦ Cartwright. - Harris — . . ¦ Eldridge. . . ¦ Sayre - Barns • Howell . , , . - Green - J-Tavens . , , - Topping . . . ¦ Hand ¦ Miller ¦ Payne Marcus B. Osborn S. & B. Huntting & Co! Mulford & Sleight Charles T. Dering Luther D, Cook Mulford & Sleight Huntting Cooper Luther D. Cook Chas. T. Dering S. & B. Huntting & Co. S. & N. Howell S. & B. Huntting & Co. C, T. Dering- & Co N. G. Howell Mulford & Sleight. Josiah Douglas Mulford & Sleight. H. & N. Corwin . , , July 13-May 3, •SO June 29-July 1, ¦SG June 17-Apl. 23, Au,g. 2-May 10, July 16-Ma.y 11, July 17-May 19, June 9-Mch. 6, July 1, 'July 20-Apl. 18, Mav 16-June 5. . . June 29-June 17, ¦Se July 2 |.Tuly 13 Aug. 6-Apl.-10 July 20 iJuly 20-May 12, •SO July 11 'May 25--'^pl. 12, ^37 Mav 7, '37 July 23-May 3, '36 ¦36 '36 ¦36¦36¦36 36 36 '38 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 325 Class and Tonnage Ship Ship 300 366286 285 307397314 391 Whaling Ground S,Oil W.Oil Bone So. Atlantic Pacific So. Atlantic Indian Ocean Pacific So. Atlantic , Paciflc SlllSo. Atlantic '368 Remarka 1,900 250 75 2,500 ,650 1,060 100 1,4001,6861,850l',666 12,000 15,000 23 1,360 400 2,100 360 2,350 9,000 288 " 2 SO *• 130 1 220 11,600 $15,000, 338 '* 1.800 15,000 314 " 16 1,850 350 '• 400 2,0nn 18,000 3361 , , 500 2,2001,900 18,000 $30,000, 350 East Cape $18,000, 299'so. Atlantic 65 975 $16,000, " 300 2,000 18,000 286 " 140 1,660 $26,000. 3071 " 1,200 285 " 200 1,600 1,300 314 " 1,800 $21,000, Greenport. 326 333311 " 300 1 200 $24,000, ¦' 1,500 288 " 70 1,000 338 " 200 1.960 15,000|$30 000. 280 130 220 Also reported with 150 sperm 1,400 whale. $24,000. 368 '* 1,700 $26,000, Bot Wareham, ¦34. 3141 *' 500 1.900 $38,000. 350 " 1.300 1 Panifif' Lost at the Marquesas, 1836 had 2,000 bbls. 299 So Atlantic 1,200 336: '* 1,900 Greenport. $22,000. 360 Tristan 30 1.820 1,466 $23,000. $26,000. $19,000, Built 1833, Catch, $62,000, $14,000, Greenport, $63,000.Lost in typhoon 1834; 900 whale saved. $37,000, Formerly London pack et; added 1833, Shin 299, So. 283286:346 2851 307326 368333311 2833382S0 464350:299310 389339314 150 160400 380 100520 100 1,850 $26,000. 1,000 1650 Ca.pt. killed by whale, $28,000. 400 ¦ 150 1.1001,000 820900 1,4002.500 1,000 500 700 3.400 190 l'.2i6 2,4(10l.:';"fl 1,650 $21 000. Bot. N. Y. 1835. $27,000. ;$35.000. $18,000.$40,000. $24,000. G'port. Bot. N, Y., '$26,000. Greenport owned. '35 326 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON Name of Vessel Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival 1836 Ann American . . Acasta Camillus . . . Columbia , . Cadmus . . . . Fanny Gem Henry , , , i , Hudson , , . . Hannibal . . Hamilton . . Marcus . . . . Monmouth . Neptune . . . Nimrod . , . . Ontario . . . . Phenix . . . . Romulus , . . Thorn Thames , , , . Washington Delta Roanoke . . . Triad ¦ Bishop . , , . - Jennings. . . ¦ Dennison . . ¦ Topping. . . ¦ Hedges . . . . hand 1837 Ann Acasta Arabella Camillus Columbia Concordia Cadmus Daniel Webster Franklin Fanny . . France Gem Henry Hudson Marcus Monmouth Neptune Noble Nimrod Romulus Thorn Thoraas tJicRason, Thames Xenophon Bayard , Roanoke Seraph , Triad Washington 1838 Bishop . . Hand . . . -Pearson . , .4. Rogers Hedges . Woodward Hand S. H. Harlow Griftin Payne . J. B. Howell . . . . l.ufllow • Cartwight Green Payne Smith Slate lames Sayre Parker Rodgers Topping W. S. Havens , Nickerson ^ • Halsey . ¦ Miller . ¦ Case . . . ¦ Sherman Loper Robt. N. Wilber Ann AmericanAcasta . . . Camillus . Bishop . , , .Jennings. Smith Rogers . . . C. W. Payne Halsey Cartwright. Green Douglas . . . Jones Sweeney... Topping , , , ¦ Slate Parker . , . . Green Cooper . . . , Rodgers,,, "- Havens . . . . Nickerson. . Topping . . . Griffin Harris . . . . Loper Marcus B. Osborn S. & B. Huntting & Co. Mulford & Sleight Charles T. Dering Luther D. Cook Mulford & Sleight N. & G. Howell Huntting Cooper Chas. T. Dering Luther D. Cook S. & B. Huntting & Co. Chas. T. Dering S. & N. Howell S. & B. Huntting & Co. C. T. Dering & Co S. &. B. Huntting & Co. Luther D. Oook Mulford & Howell Mulford & Sleight Josiah Douglas . . . H. & N. Corwin Wiggins & Parsons H. & N. Corwin July 6-May 18, '37 July 29-Apl. 8. '38 June 9-Apl. 28, '37 July 18-Apl. 19, '37 July 7-Apl. 27, ^37 July 18-Mch. 15, ^37 July 2S-May 3. 'SI July 20-May 18, '37 June 16-Apl. 27, 137 Aug. 27.-AP1. 9, '37 July S-Apl, 16, ^37 Sept, 26-May 7, ¦SS July 18-May 4, ^37 July 18-Apl. 10, ^37 .July 1-May 3, '37 Sept. 26-May 9. ^37 June 29-Apl. 30. ¦SS Aug. 10-Jun. 10, ¦SS June 15-May 5, '37 June 29-Apl. 10, '37 July 7-Apl. 18, '37 July 18-Apl. 28, '38 July-Apl. 20, '38 Aug.-May 3, '37 July-Apl, 28, '37 Marcus B. Osborn.. Mulford & Sleight. , N. & G. Howell Chas. T. Dering . . . Luther D. Cook . . . Thomas Brown . . . . Mulford & Sleight. B. Mulford Chas. T. Dering. .V. & G. Howell. Huntting Cooper Chas. T. Dering . Luther D. Cook . S. & N. Howell. . S. & B. Huntting & Co. Ira B. Tuthill C. T. Dering & Co Mulford & Howell Mulford & Sleight H. & N. Corwin . . . Wiggins & Parsons. Samuel Lamson . . . H. & N. Corwin. James Tuthill . . . Aug. 3-May 20, '38 . July 11-May 19, ¦SS . July 22-May 20, ^39 . July S-Apl. 28, '38 .'July 14-May 7, ¦SS . May 20-May 10, ¦SS . I May 19, '38 .'Aug. 17-Apl. 13, '39 .'Aug. 17-May 4, '39 . I July 8-May 7, ¦SS iJune 21-May 7, •3S . July 18-May 8, ¦SS . June 27-Apl. 27. ¦SS . Aug. 3-May 26. ^39 . July 8-Apl. 30, ¦SS July-May 8, '38 . June 27-Apl. 24, ^39 . July 22-May 8, '38 , July 25-Mav 20, ¦SS . July S-JIch. 18, ^39 . iJuly lO-.-Vpl. 7, '38 July IS-.-VpI 27, '39 trune 27-May 10, 'SS June 27-June 23, '38 , , July-Apl. 22. '39 June-Apl., 'SS . i July-May, 21, '38 , I June-Apl. 2 4, '39 . 1 June-Apl. 19, •SS Marcus B. Osborn jniy H-May 9, '39 a. & B. Huntting & Co. Mulford & Sleight Charles T. Dering.... May 2S-July 10, '40 July 6-Aug. 31. ^40 Aug. 1-June 13, '39 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 327 Whaling Ground S.Oil W. Oil Bon 5 Remarka Tonnage Ship 299 So. Atlantic 1,360 $22,000, 283 260 2,160 286 •* $25,000. 345 " 2,000 $25,000. 286 ** 100 2,100 307 .« 90 1,800 391 " 100 2,100 $28,000, 326 '• Estimated $25,000, 333 »» 85 1 800 368 " 100 2,300 $30,000. 311 " 1,500 322 " 1 . . . . 1,300 $17,000. 283 '* .... 1,350 273 " 1,700 $20,000. 338 " 1 2,300 280 " .... 1,300 $18,000, Retd. once with 60 368| " ¦ ¦ ¦ • 3,600 $38,000. sperm. 314' " , "0 1,600 $19 000. 233' 100 1,260 $28 000. 299 1,950 " 360 50 1,350 340 1,500 $17,000. 314 1,950 $20,000. Greenport. 251336 100 700 $11,000. Greenport. 1 800 $19,000. Greenport, Ship 299 So, Atlantic 286 367345 285265307397 391391 411326333 3 283273 338274280233 299 454 360384339 251 336236 Atlantic , , . So. Atlantic 1,350 130 570 60 740 130 1,620 1,750 1,100 90 1,800 280 2,020 220 1,100 60 1,450 2,300 ISO 1,350 130 1,620 700 2,000 760 1,300 180 2,000 1,100 600 1 600 1,000 120 3,880 1,100 1,475 300 1,600 1,660 140 100 166 1,700 150 1,300 40,000 $16,000.$10,000.$20,000, $33,000. Capt. Harlow killed by whale Nov. 6, 1838, $20,000. $19,000. Capt. Payne killed by whale Jan. 2, 1838, $26,000.$22,000. 546,000. $12,000, 299 So. Atlantic 283 286 345, 30 970 400 1,100 200 1,700 1,600 $12 000. $6,000.$18,000. '!63,000. Condemned, Sag Harbor, 1838, $13,000,$41,000. Greenport. $18,000. Greenport. $5,000. From Greenport. Prob ably owned in Southold. $23,000. Grenport. $18,000, Greenport. Another report says: 200 sperm, 1,900 whale. $20,000. $23,000. $19,000. 328 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Concordia , Columbian Cadmus . , . France . . . , Fanny , , . , Gem Henry , , , , Hannibal , , Plamilton , Marcus , . . MonraouthNimrod . . . Ontario . , , Phenix , , . . Panama Thorn , , Captain Woodward , ¦ Pierson Babcock Howell . Payne , , LudlowS.veeney Bennett .lones . Glover Smith , Parker Green . Topping Managing Owner or Agent Thos. Brown Luther D. Cook . . . Mulford & Sleight. N. & G. Howell , , N. & G. Howell Huntting Cooper S. L'Hommedieu S. & B. Huntting & Co. C. T. Dering S. & N, Howell C. T. Dering & Co S & B. Huntting & Co. L. D. Cook Date Sailing — Arrival July 11-Oct., '40 .June 14-May 15, '39 June 14-May 15, '39 July le-Auy. 17, '41 July-May 9, July 11-July 30, I ne 23-May 29, July 26-July 8, Aug. 9-Mav 7, •'"'¦"e 9-Ap1. 30, July 17-May 24, juiy 11-May 9, July-July 18, July 26-May 8, •39 •39 ¦39¦40 ¦40 ¦39 ¦?9 ¦39 ¦39•40 Thos. B. Crowell.. !N. & G. Howell June 12-Apl. 11, '41 1 Tuttle ....Mulford & Sleight luct. 18 Washington Xenophon . . Delta Roanoke , , , Seraph Washington Noble 1839 Sayre . halsey Griffin Case . . Barnes Wilber Sayre . Josiah Douglas July 26-Apl. 24, ^39 Mulford & Sleight .July 26-July 10, ^40 H. & N. Corwin. Wiggins & Parsons. Saml. Lamson James Tuthill Ira B. Tuthill July , ¦39 July-May 4, ¦SS July-Feb. 26, ^39 July-May 2, '39 May 9. '39 Ann Arabella Camillus ¦ Columbia Cadmus Daniel "Webster Franklin iTTinny Gem Hamilton 2nd , Hudson Marcus Monmouth .... Neptune Nimrod Ontario Portland Romulus Thos. Dickason Thames Washington . . , Bayard Delta Roanoke Seranh Triad Washington , , . Noble E. H. Curry John Bishop. Jr. . . E. H. Howes L. B. Edwards. . . . Hy. Nickerson, Jr Edw. M. Baker. . . . David Youngs . . . . S. W. Edwards . . . I Worth D. Hand Saml. Dennison... , ¦ Glover . . . . Bennett . . . S, H, Sleight ¦ Parker . . . . ! Green Wm. H. Payne . . . Fo-rdham. W. S. Havens . . . J. W. Hedges . . . Wm. Osborn . . . . 1840 Payne . Case . . Barnes Issac M. Case. Wilbur ¦ Sayre . Marcus B. Osborn iA.ug. 25-May 12, " " " " July 30-June 14, Aug. 7-July 9. July 14-Apl. 2, June 24-Sep. 24, May 30-Apl, 19, July 17-Apl. 14, July 14-Mch. N. & G. Howell Chas. T. Dering . . Luther D. Cook. . . Mulford & Sleight E. Mulford C. T. Dering N. & G. Howell. . . Huntting Cooper Sep. 9- July 16 Mulford & Sleight June 17-Oct. 11 L. D. Cook .... S. & N. Howell Aug. 1-July 23, July 1-May 3, July 27-May 3, S. & B. Huntting & Co. Aug. 1-Apl. 6, C. T. Dering & Co Aug. 7-May 29. S. & B. huntting & Co. . Sep. 17-May 15. " June 13-May 14, Mulford & Howell May 30-May 26 Mulford & Sleight July 26-Mch. 26, Thos. Bro-n'n May 30-Apl. 3, Josiah Douglas July 6-Mch. 5, H. & N. Corwin July- June, Julv 15-May 29, Wiggins & Parsons Julv 12-June 15, Saml, Lamson June 11-May 12, H. & N. Corwin July 15-ApI. 18, James Tuthill ,Julv 8-May 3, Ira B. Tuthill 'June 12-May 14, •41 •41 ¦40¦41 •41 •41•41 '41 •40 '40 •41'40•40 ¦41 ¦40•40 ¦41¦40'41 •41 ¦41 •40 •41 '40 '40 '41'40 '40 -*^casta. jSylv. P. Smith Mulford & Sleight Oct. ll-.^iug. 13, '41 AmerieaTi - — _ Oooper ^, & B. Huniting & Co. , Aug.:ll-Mav 16. '42 Ezekiel _H. Howes. Ic-has. T. Dering Oct. 15-Dec. 6, '41 Camillusf^loncordiaGem .... Huron . , Woodward, T, B, Worth Greene , , , . „ ,Oct. Thos. Brown .Nov. 28-Apl. 9, '42 Huntting Cooper JAug. 2S-July 19. '41 Luther D. Cook I Sept. 1-June 11. '42 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 329 Class and Tonnage Whaling Ground S.Oil W.Oil Bon B Remarks Bark 265 ,. 300 1,800 Ship 285 307 !! 300 600 " 411 700 3,500 26 73 ) $60,000. Capt. Howell killed by whale, July 23, 1840. •* 391 '* 1,000 $12,000. *' 326 '* 600 1,000 $30,000, " 333 '• 900 " 311 " 100 1,550 " 322 " 160 2,200 $28,000. " 283 " 50 1,100 '* 273 '* 75 826 $13,000, ** 280 *• 1,400 $18,000, ** 368 " Estimated $20,000, *' 314 " 120 2,380 $28,000, Capt. Topping left ship; came home sick. " 464 *• 400 3,300 29,00 1 299 Pacific . Condemned at Bay of Islands, July 18 40. Had 50 sperm, 1,600 whale. .* 340 So. Atlantic 68 350 , $6,000. " 384 240 2.710 . $35,000, " 314 " . No record of catch. Grenport. .. 251 " 200 1,250 . $21,000. Greenport, Brig 174 *• 190 720 . $16,000. Grenport Ship 236 ** 200 1,000 , $18,000. Greenport. Bark 274 " 196 460 . $11,000, Owned, New Suffolk, Ship Bark BrigShip Bark ShipBark Ship 299 South Seas . . 3673451 285307 Pacific 397 Souch Seas . 3911391 Pacific 326 South Seas , 455368 So. Atlantic . 283 273 338280368 292 New Zealand 233 So. Atlantic . 454 414 South Seas . 3 40, 339 So. Atlantic . 314, 251 1741336236 2741 286 South Seas 2.000 283 New Zealand i 200 2,250 346 Atlantic I 201 1,409 265 Indian Ocean ' 260 1,100 326 So. Atlantic , 60 2,250 290 " 650 460 450 1,760 14 640 200 2,200 16,200 200 1,450 6(1 2,360 25,267 553 1,473 12,000 4 00 2,700 26,27] 260 2,800 20,246 100 3,100 26,50u 280 1 970 300 2,600- 330 15,858 370 850 90 1,200 2,700 22,206 200 1,2002,360 350 2,100 16,200 130 1,170 360 4,000 38,001 160 3,140 26,88. 85 2 500 1,100 22,21 376 1,660 12,48 140 960 100 300 275 1,626 11,29. 200 1,200 70 530 14,900 11,377 801 14,69( $34,000, $22,000. $42,000, $38,000,$38,000. $26,000,Sold 1,750 whale. Total. $23,000, $28,000, $20,000, $21,000. $33,000. $25,000. $56,000. Bought $30,000.$12,000.$28,000.$14,000. $6,000.'525,000.$19,000.$8,0000. Bot. Newburgh, from Newport. Greenport. Greenport.Greenport. Greenport. Greenport. Greenport. New Suffolk. $22,000. $22,000.$26,000. Bought from Hudson. Another report says: 250 sp., 1,100 wh, & 8,000 bone. $18,000. 330 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Henry Hannibal Plamilton . . . , Hamilton 2nd Monmouth , . . Marcus Nimrod Ontario Phenix Romulus Xenophon , , , , Bayard Roanoke Seraph Washington . , Noble 1841 Acasta . , Ann . . , , Ara.bella Cadmus , Camillus ColumbiaCrescent , Daniel Webster- , . , Fanny France Franklin Gem Henry Hannibal Marcus Monmouth Neptune Nimrod O. C. Raymond . , , Panama Portland S. Richards Thames II Thos. Dickason . . . Washington Wickford Wiscasset Bayard Delta RoanokeSeraph . . Captain John Sweeney . . . Lewis L. Bennett. Ludlow . . D. Hand Sayre . . . . David Loper . . . . Barnes . . . Green . . . . Brig.gs . . . Rogers . . . ¦ Halsey . . . Francis Sayre . . . ^«^ni. Glo^'er Jr.. Geo. W, Corwin , ttobt. N. Wilbur. . James Sayer . . . . Havens . . Curry .... Babcock, , Smith . . . Wiekham Jennings Edwards. Royce . . . Baker Triad WashingtonNoble 1842 Acasta Alciope American Ann Mary Ann! Barbara - Fordham . - Edwards. . - Halsey . . . - Worth . . . - Young . . . -Bennett . . . - Loper . . . . - Hedges . . . - Ludlow . . - Rogers . . . - Dennison. - Crowell . . - Payne . . . . - Dering . . . -Hedges . . . - Havens . . . Osborne . . Dpivis Miller Smith Fordham Glover . . ¦ Case . . Corwin Managing Owner or Agent Saml. L'Hommedieu.... S. & B. Huntting & Co. Chas. T. Dering Mulford & Sleight Date Sailing — Arrival N. & G. Howell Chas. T. Dering S. & B. Huntting & Co. Luther D. Cook Mulford & Howell Mulford & Sleight H. & N. Corwin Aug. 6-Aug. Wiggins & Parson 'Aug. 3-Apl. 18, Saml. Lamson July 10-June 4, Wiggins & Parson 'Aug, 6-Aug, 19 Ira p. Tuthill Mch. 16-June 2. Aug, 26-June 26, July 2-July, Dec, 3-July 14, Aug. 4-June 19, June 16-Sep. 24, July 9-July 19, Sep. 1-May 22, July 10-May 26, July 8-May 9, Aug, 12, -Nov. 2 4, Mulford & Sleight, Mulford & howell, . ^^. & G. Howell . . . Mulford & Sleight. Chas. T. Dering.... Luther D. Cook. Post & Sherry. . Mulford & Howell. N. & G. Howell. . . Huntting Cooper -1. L'Hommedieu S. & B. Huntting & Co. N. & G. Howell J. H. Jones S. & B. Huntting & Co. . C. T. Dering & Co '41 '42'43'41 '41 •41•42•42 •42 '42 '41 •41'41•41¦41 Sep. 12-July 31, ^42 July 19-May 10, '43 Sep, 26-Mch, 17, ^44 Oct. 19-June 28, ^43 Dec. 9-Aug., ^43 June 26-Mch. 16, '43 Sep. 27-Aug., '43 N. & G. Howell. S. & B. Hunt tin Mulford & Sleij Thomas Brown . . . Mulford & Sleight Huntting Cooper D. T. Vail : & Co. ht H. & N. Cor%vin. Wiggins & Parson. Saml. Lamson Case . . Griffin Brown ¦ Havens Paine . . Cooper . Winters Howes . H. & N. Corwin Ira B. Tuthill .Mulford & Sleight Post & Sherry S. & B. Huntting & Co.. „„., .„ J^ulford & Sleight Nov. 25-May 27', '45 Chas. T. Dering |May 31-July 6, '43 July 8-June 1, May 21-Oet., Oct, 1-June 10, July 12-Apl. 9, Sep. 26-Aug. 6, June 1 6-May 10, Aug. 4-June 7, Nov, 17-July, Sep, 11-June 25, June 1-May 7, Oct.-July 11, Sep, 21 July 6-Oct., June 2S-June 23, July 10-Nov., July 6- Apl. 4,, July 14-June 18, June 2-Apl. 22, Dec, 22-Apl. Dec. 6-June 7, Sep. 26-May 7, Dec, 4-June, '43¦43 •43•44 •43 '43 '42 '43 •42 '43 ¦42 '42 '42 '43•43"44 •43¦43 '44¦43¦43 June 2-July 23, ^42 July 8 July 7-May, '43 Sep. 30-May 22, ^43 July 19-May 1, '43 Aug. 29-June 20, '44 Sep. Il-Msy 19, '14 July 18 , '43 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 331 Bark Ship Bark Ship BrigShip BarkBrig Ship Bark Ship Bark ~:; Whaling Ground S.Oil W.Oil Bont Tonnage Ship 333 .. 154 1 900 14,358 311 Indian Ocean 60 1,650 9,459 322 Paciflc 700340 1,6003,700 455 South Seas 273 So. Atlantic 1,850 904 283 .1 830 4.070 280 ,( 110 1,660 13,419 368 " 600 2,200 314 New Zealand 600 2,100 17,000 233 So. Atlantic 500 1,200 8,000 384 100 2,000 339 " 200 1 400 7,432 251 " 150 1,660 12,028 Brig 174 Atlantic 180 130 315 1,123 3,000 Ship 236 So. Atlantic 9,600 Bark 274 260 1,200 6,945 286 So. Atlantic 299! N"ew Zealand . . . , 367,Crozette Island ,, 307 So. Atlantic 345 385340 397391411 391326333 311 203273 338280 '465 292454 .414 454 340 116380 339314251174 336236274 286377284380260 New Zealand . . Orozette Island X. W. Coast . Xew Zealand Indian Ocean N^ew Zealand So. Atlantic . Xew Zealand Indian Ocean So. Atlantic . Vew Zealand . So. Atlantic . . New Holland New Zealand . Indian Ocean . New Zealand . Atlantic New Zealand . . Crozette Island South Seas . . , So. Atlantic Atlantic . , , New ZeaJand So. Atlantic . New Zealand South Seas . . . Crozette Island South Seas 5060 600 70 300 400 300 360 220 200 100 700 40 300 130 80 220 8050 ' '.50 250250300 580 1,750 2,340 2,200 2,0801,000 2,2001,200 3,3002,550 2,460 2,8002,200 2.250 1,900 700 1,850 2,660 1 200 3'.5762,2703,600 3,220 2,9502,3002,6661,900 1,400 600 200 170 60 76 400 13,000 18,720 22 000 21,000 18,00033,000 22,000 19,600 28 000 18,000 18,000 '5,666 14,000 21,200 110 2,1001,7002,000 1,600 2,830 1.000 2.600 900 Remarka $34,000, Ret'd once damaged In gale, $20,000, $20,000. ? 37,000, $35,000, $35,000. Broken up on return. $27,000. $21,000. Greenport, $21,000, Greenport, $9,000. Greenport. $16,000, Greenport, $20,000, New Suffolk. N. Y. 30,000 30,00038,60012,000 18,24027,6 6 6 15,200 11,200 $22 000. $30,000. $30,000, Another report says: 700 sperm. Condemned after voyage. $40,000. Sold 1.500 whale. Rio Janeiro. $44,000. $40,000,$36,000. $45,000, $29,000, $22,000. Cold Spring, $21,000. Sold at Valparaiso, 1843, $29,000. $52,000,$58 000. $39;000, $30,000, Capt. died July, '42. Withdrawn, 1843. $1,000. $48,000.$28,000. $24,000, 16 800 13,60016,000 13,000 25.000 6,000 23,000 7,200 Owned in Greenport. Returned once dam aged in collision. $20,000. Greenport. Had 150 sperm, 75 whale; con demned and sold at Rio Ja neiro, Jan., 1842, Catch $4,000. Greenport, $30,000, Greenport, $22,000, Greenport. $29,00. New Suffolk, N, T. $22,000, $46,000, Bot, Boston, '42, $35,000,$19,000. Formerly a brig; re- rigged 1842. 332 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival Gem Hamilton Hannibal Henry Lee Hudson Huron John Jay Nimrod Ontario Phenix Portland Romulus Superior Timor Tuscany Roanoke 1843 Alexander American Ann Barbara Cadmus Columbia Concordia Crescent Citizen Daniel Webster . , Fanny France Gem Hamilton 2nd . . . Hannibal Henry Huron Helen Illinois Josephine Marcus Manhattan Neptune Nimrod Ontario 2nd Romulus Superior Thames II Washington Wm. Tell Bayard Caroline Delta Sarah & Esther. . Triad Washington Noble 1844 Acasta ¦ Worth Ludlow . . Bennett , , ¦ Bennett Nickerson, Green , Rogers Howes Greene Briggs Paine Case . Cartwright Eldridge James Godbey . Case ¦ Jones .... ¦ Havens . . Leek Howes . . . Smith .... Edwards . Cartwright Miller . . LansingCurry . . EdW'ardsEdwards Worth Loper . Canning . . Brown . . . Green .... Cartwright Jagger . . . Royce .... Shearman. Mercator Cooper. Pierson Rogers R. Green Rogers . ¦ Bishop . Bishop . Sanford Glover . Fordham Rose . . . Weeks . Harlow - Case . . . ¦ Brown . Sweeney Huntting Cooper Chas. T. Dering S. & B. Huntting & Co. Luther D. Cook N. & G. Howell. Chas. T. Dering S. & B. Huntting & Co. Luther D. Cook S. & B. Huntting & Co. Mulford & Howell Post & Sherry Huntting- Cooper John Budd Wiggins & Parsons .... Harlow Wm. A. Jones S. & B. Huntting & Co. Mulford & Howell Chas. T. Dering Mulford & Sleight L. D. Cook Thos. Brown Post & Sherry Mulford & Sleight. Mulford & Howell. . N. & G. Howell . . . Huntting & Cooper. Mulford & Sleight. . Sep. 1-Aug. 5, ^43 July 14-May 24, '44 Aug. 4- Sep. 2-Feb. 17 Oct. 11-Apl. 14, Aug, 20-Aug. Oct, 7-Feb, 10, Aug. 2 8- July, June 30-July 8, July SOi-July 2-8, Aug. 4-Apl. 14, June 22-Aug., July-June 10. Sep, 27-Apl. 26, Oct. 7-Feb. 26, Oct. 1-Apl. 18, •43"45 '44 •43•45 '43 •44 '44 •44•43'43'44 '45 •44 -Sep. 15-July, ^48 Sep. 18-Aug. 11, '45 July 7-May 6, '46 Aug. 26-Ju'-" 10, '44 Aug. 24-June 9, '45 Jnue 20-Apl. 2 ^46 June 30-May 31, Oct. 11-May 6, Apl. 21-July 22, Aug. 17-Apl. 2, Dec. 4-Mch. 12, '45 46 4646 46 July 21-May 23, ^46 Sep. 16-May 11, '45 Aug. 28 S. & B. Huntting & Co. S. L'Hommedieu L. D. Cook C. T. Dering & Co John Budd Aug. 29-Sep. July 5-May Sep. 21-May Oct. 18-Apl. - - Oct. 25-Apl. Post & Sherry Oct. 29-Sep. N. & G. Howell Aug. 31-May John Budd S. & B. Hunttin, Chas. T. Dering, Post & Sherry . . . . Mulford & Howell . Post & Sherry . . . . Thomas Brown . . . Fluntting Cooper . . Thos. Brown Corwin & Howell. . . Wi.ggins & Parsons Corwins & Howell. Ireland. Wells & Carpenter Corwins & Howell. . Wigs-ins & Parson Ira B. Tuthill & Co. Nov. S-Oct. June 10-May Aug. 26-Julv Aug. 31-May Sep. 25-June July 2 4-May July 7, -June June 19-Mch Oct. 4-July Sep. 27-July Mch. 26-Apl. Aug. 17-.Tuly June 16-June July-Feb. July 15-July July 17 John Budd 2, 14, 19, 6, 5, 14, 13, 14, 10, 18. 11, 8, 10, 2, 30, ?1, 31, 22, 3,23 26, 19, '45•46•45 '46 •46•46 •46 •46 •46 '44'46'45'46'41•46•46 '45'45 •46 •44•46 ¦44 Aug. 23-July 23, ^47 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 333 Class and Tonnage Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark ShipBark Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark Whaling Ground 326 322311 409 368 290 494 280 368 314292233 276289299252 370284299268307 285 Crozette Island South Seas . . . Crozette Island South Seas , . . So, Atlantic , , . Crozette Island South Seas . Indian Ocean Crozette Island South Seas Orozette Island South Seas N. W. Coast Crozettes . . So. Atlantic Crozettes . . So. Atlantic 365 South Seas . 3 40 N. W. Coast , 4641397'391 " 41liNew Holland 326 Crozettes 455 >f. W. (3oast . , , 311 333292: 424413397283 440388280 489233 276 4143 40 370339252 314 -157 336236 274 So. Atlantic X. W. Coast Crozettes . . , N. W. Coast . So. Atlantic . NT. W. Coast . Crozettes . . , Indian Ocean V. W. Coast . . So. Atlantic . .\'. W. Coast . South Seas . . . Crozette Island So. Atlantic . . . 360 50 100 500 100 80 130 100 100200 130300250 160 130 26 40 100 100 20306075 "66 200265 70 120 25 4460 200 2,2002,0501,0002,8002,460 1,2004,000 1,0003,220 2,600 2,500 950 1,100 2,5003,3001,800 1,5001.800 1,0001,100 2.250 1,500 1,500 3,000 3,2253,100 2,710 1,500 2,250 2,400 3,980 2,9003,000 1 000 2!l'6'9' 300 3,4001,1301,400 2,000 2,6752,7602 160 1 640 1,300 600 South Seas 100 2,500 1,400 Soii'tii Seas I 1.4P0 22 000 18.000 6,000 28,00C23,001 40,00C 8,000 27 000 18.00025,000 8,600 26,00130,00015,000 ,000,000 OOli ,000,000,000,00 0 ,000,000 000 .000 000000000 00 0 000 000 000 666 400000OOf000 000 000500 ,000,00 0 ,000,600 25,000 11,000 Remarka $39,000. '«36,000, $36 000, $161000, "6,000. Third Mate John Pen ny killed by whale June 28, 1843, Bought from Ports mouth. $15,000,$49,000. $38,000,$37,000. $16,000. $14,000,Bought from Boston, 1842. $43,000, Bot. Phila., 1842, $29,000, Greenport. Bought 1843. $26,000, $18,000, Sold 500 bbls. whale at Per- nambuco. $16,000, 'Withdrawn 1847. $36,000. Bought 1843. $43,000,$37,000.$36,000. Sent home 400 whale and 11,432 lb, bone; with drawn from service, $38,000. Lost near Rio Grande, Peby., 1845; vessel total loss; saved 2,300 bbls, whale oil. Bought from Boston 1842 $32 000. $44,000. Bot. N. Y. 1843. $3J,000. Bot. N. Y. 1843. $33,000, Bot. N. Y., 1843. Sold for merchant service, Bot, N. Y, 1843. Sold ^47 $9,000. $53,000. $16,000, S2J.O0O.$30,000 Sid 400 oil Rio Janeiro. $36,000. Bought 1843, Greenport,Greenport.Greenport. Bought 1843, $35,000, $36,000, $21,000.S22 000, $9,000. 286 Tristan ' ?00 1,500 $36,000. Greenport. $24,000. Greenport, $21 000. Put into Auckland, May 29, 1846. badly damaged in a gale; condemned; cargo saved. 13,000|$30,000, 331 HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival Alciope Arabella Barbara Franklin HamiltonHudson . . Italy John Wells Levant . . . . Martha , , , NianticNimrod Noble . . Ontario Ohio . . . Oscar . . Panama Phenix Portland .... Salem S. Richards . St. Lawrence Sabina Neva Philip I Roanoke . . . Washin.gton Gentleman . 1845 American . . Ann Mary Ann Cadmus . . ColumbiaConcordia Halsey . . . . • Babcock Smith French . • Halsey . Babcock. . Nickerson. Weld . . Hedges M. Havens . . , Drake , S. H. Slate . Fowler • Howes Greene ¦ Lowen Isaac Ludlow CrowellBriggs . Jared Wade David Hand . ¦ Dering Baker Vail Thos. Dickason . . . Timor Tuscany WiscassetLucy Ann • Lowen . . ¦ Edwards ¦White . .. Paine . . . Brown . . CaseCase Baldwin . - Corwin . . Payne . . . Wm. Pierson I. Winters Daniel Webster . . Eliz. Frith Gem Hamilton Hannibal Smith S. B. Pierson ¦ Loper Curry John Bishop Worth . . Babcock Canning. Post & Sherry. N. & G. Howell . . Chas. T. Dering . Huntting Cooper Chas. T. Dering L. D. Cook & H. Green. David G. Floyd Thos. Brown Tiffany & Bennett L. D. Cook & H. Green. . Chas. T. Dering S. & B. Huntting & Co. . Post & Sherry Huntting Cooper July 23-July 1, ^47 May 28-May 24, '47 Aug. 30 June 5-Apl. 6, ^47 July 22-June 8, '45 July 8-May 22, '47 Oct.-May 25, '47 July 30-June 7, '46 Sep. 19-June 6, ^47 Sep. 18-Apl. 8, ^47 June 4-Feb. 1, ^47 Aug. 31-July 26, ^46 Sep. 19-June 22, '46 Aug, 29-June 9, ^47 May 28-Apl. 29, '48 Oct, 31-Nov, 13, ^45 N. & G. Howell Cook & Green S. & B. Huntting & Co. Mulford & Sleight Cook & Green . Chas. T. Dering May 23-May 26, Oct, 10-June 5, June 1-June 5, Oct. 14-Apl. 29, May 2-July 28, July 29-May 20, •47•47 •46•48 47 •48 June 24-May 24, '47 Mulford & Sleight, H, Cooper Aug, 12-Apl, 14, July 1-May 1, '47 ¦46 S, & B. Huntting & Co. . Wiggins, Parsons & Cook Ireland Wells & Carpenter Wiggins & Parsons , Ira B. Tuthill S. & B. Huntting & Co. Mulford & Sleight Sep. 27-Feb. 19, ^47 Nov. 7-May, '47 Sep, 4-May 1, '47 May 13-Apl. 13, '46 July-July 16, ^45 Aug, 31-June 4, ¦46 June 4-Sep. 25, ^46 Sep. 25 July 21-Apl. 29. "48 Cook & Green Thos, Brown , Ezekiel Mulford Post & Sherry Huntting Cooper Chas, T. Dering S, & B, Huntting Co. Sep. 2-May 12, '47 July 11-June 5, •48 Aug, 24-May 20, '47 Julv 21-July 4, ¦48 Oct, 30-May 20, '48 Aug, 9-July 8, '47 Sep. 6 -Apl. 29. ¦48 Oct. 16 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 335 Class and Tonnage "WTialing Ground S. Oil "W. Oil Bone Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark Bark 377 New Zealand 175 367268 391 322 368 N. W. Coast Crozettes . . N. W. Coast Crozettes Pacific . . , 299 N, W, Coast . 366|382'369452;New Zealand 280 Crozettes 273 368 297369 466314 292470 454523 416454 289 280 309362293 252 33622 284 N. W, Coast New Zealand Crozettes . , . N, W, Coast New Zealand , N. Z. & N. W. New Zealand . N. W. Coast , , Ind. & N. W, . , N. W, Coast . , , Indian & N. W, . South Seas , . , Crozettes N. W. Coast 330 2,650 1,870 160100 300 60 70 180 160 120 40 940 1,480 2,260 1,150 700 2,920 1,800 1,3001,4001,8004,500 60 1,940 80 'iib 300 70 300 140 3,800 2,310 220 25 126 16,000 16.000 160 1,640 3,000 290 1,830 2,700 2,340 1,830 2,560 Ship 380 South Seas Bark 307285365 N. ¦W. Coast Ship BarkPark Ship 397365320322311 South Seas 150 200 26 200 100400 56 3,100 1,8502,100 700 2.450 2 000 1 250 1,300 2,300 4.0 00 28,000 20,000 18,000 2 4,000 120 2,400 10 00( 7,000 6,000 10,000 5,0005,600 10,000 8,001 12,0OC12,00( 3,700 2,4002 380 1,700 900 1,675 450 11,000 18,00( 10,00020,000 34,000 24,00, 20,00 17,00C 7,20( 16, OOf Remarlca $42,000, Sent home 7,868 lb, bone; sold out of the busi ness. Sent home $5,000 bone. Con demned Valparaiso Jan., ¦46, $26,000, Sent home 11,888 lb. bone. $8,000.$25,00 0, Third Mate Isaac Piatt drowned Feby, 6, 1846, Sold to Mystic 1S48, Added 1844 from New York, $26,000, Added ^44, Newark, $27 000. Added 1844. $40,000, Added 1844 from Hudson; sold 1847. $32,000. Added 1844; sold to Warren, 1847. $16,000, $20,000. Added 1844. $28,000. Withdrawn 1847. $12,000. Added ^44, Boston, $9,000, Bought from New York 1844; returned in consequence of a mutiny, $23,000. $20,000. $25,000. Added '44 from Newark, $26,000. Sold 1847. $65,000, Added 1844; sent home 29,688 lb. bone. $25,000. Added ^44 from N, Y. York; sold 1847. $44,000, Sold 1847. Wrecked at Island of St, Paul, Ind. Ocean, 1846, $51,000. Withdrawn 1847. $33,000. Added 1844 from Wil mington. Greenport. $39,000. Added 1844 from New York. Greenport. $23,000. Bot, N. Y. 1843. $11,000, Greenport, $25,000, Greenport, $5,000. Added 1844 from New York. Owned in New Suf folk, N, Y, I Captain and three men lost by * ' ' ' : a whale running over their boat, June, 1846; condemned at St. Thoma= Aug. 1848. 10,000 ?39, 000. Sent home 21,381 lb. ! bone. 8,0 00 11,00( 8,00(. 16,00010 000 12,00012,000 Sent home 7,000 Ib. bone. Returned home in consequence of mutiny. $35,000. Sid for Cal. '48, T.25,O0O,$41,000. Sent 90 sperm '46. $18,000. Condemned at Rio Janeiro 1849; sent home 2,000 whale, 9,360 lb, bone. 336 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Henry I-Ienry Lee Huron , . , . Illinois . JeffersonJohn Jay Konohassett . , . , Laurens Marcus . . . . Neptune . . . Ontario 2nd Oscar . . . . Plymouth Romulus . Superior . Tuscany . Washington Bayard . . . . Caroline . . . Delta Nile Ann Crescent . Citizen . . . Fanny . . . Josephine John Wells Nimrod . . . Noble Portland . . Romulus . . Thames 2nd Timor . . Wm. Tell . Philip 1st Washington 1847 Arabella . . . Captain Sarah & Esther... Roanoke Triad Gentleman 1846 C, Payne Woodruff, Jagger , , Smith , . . Harwood T. B. Worth A. Eldredge Ryder . . Nichols B. R. Green Green L. B. Edwards. . . P. Winters .... Mulford Goodale Sandford . W. Fordham . Halsey . . D. Weeks Case A. G. Post ¦ Bennett Baldwin Horton . Curry . . . Westfall. Lansing . Edwards Hedges . . Smith French . . . Jennings. Howes . . — — Corwin . . Cartwright. James Bishop . . . . EdwardsGlover . . Case . . . . Corwin Ludlow N. & G. Howell I July 4-May 24 S. & B. Huntting & Co. . . July 23-July 2 Post & Sherry Aug. 13-Apl. 22, Huntting Cooper .Dec. 9-May 9, Cook & Green Dec. 2-Apl. 30, Ezekiel Mulford Post & Sherry. . John Budd Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival 3. L'Hommedieu & Co. S. & B. Huntting & Co. Cook & Green John Budd T. Brown N. & G. Howell. Aug. 22-May 2 4, June 17-May 24, Sep. 15-May 8, July 4-July 27, July 16-May 2 4, June 13-Mch, 11, '47 '47 '47'47 •49 Huntting Cooper iDec, Tiffany & Halsey Aug, 21-Jan. '48 Huntting Cooper , . , H. & N. Corwin Wiggins & Parsons. H. & N. Corwin Ireland, Wells & Carpenter Wiggins & Parsons. H. & N. Corwin Ira B. Tuthill Sep. 24-Aug. 18, July 9-June 6 June 18-Apl. 26, July 7-May 2 4, Dec. 9-May 13, July 12-Julyi26 Sep. 9-June 4, Oct. 15-June 7. ¦47•49 •49•49 ¦46 ¦47'47 •47'4C •47 ¦48 •48 Mulford & Howell. Post & Sherry . . . . Mulford & Sleight. N. & G. Howell . . . Post & Sherry . . . . Thos. Brown . . Chas. T. Derin.s S. & B. Huntting & Co. Ezekiel Mulford Thos. Brown Huntting Cooper . . Thos. Brown Ireland, Wells & Carpenter Wiggins & Parsons Oct. 15 Sep. -May 21, '47 .Tune 22-Apl. 7, '48 Nov. 13-May 10, '48 Aug. 27-June 10, '50 July 28-June 4, '49 Sep, 19-Feb. 1, '49 Aug. 5-Mch. 10, ^49 Oct, 15-Aug. 28, '49 Aug. 12-J.'uly 20, '49 Nov, 11-June 30, '48 Aug. 24-June 10, '48 Aug, 1-July 15, ^48 Sep. 29 Sep. 3 July 2S-July 26, ^49 Oct. 7-June 21, ^48 July-May 27, 'IS Aug.-June 26, '48 N. & G. Howell lAug. lO.-July 9, '49 HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 337 Class and : Whaling Ground S.Oil W.Oil Bont Remarka Tonnage [ ,, 333 N. W. Coast 130 1,900 Sent 1,7610 lb,s bone solid 1847, " 409 " 36 2,800 27,000 $35,000. " 292 2,300 $29,000. Sent home 18,839 lb, bone; -withdrawn. " 413! •• 200 2,100 20,000 $33,000, " 435 Indian & N. W 56 2 600 23,000 ,{37,000, " 494 N. W. Coast 1 60 4.300 13,000 $66,000, Sent home 33,060 lb, bone. 426' " Bought from Boston 1845; wrecked at Pell's Island, May 24, 1846. Bark 420 1.400 $17,000. Bought from Kenne- bunk 1845. •* 283 Indian & N. W 80 1,470 12,000 Ship 388489 .W W. Coast 2,7003,600 17,000 17,001. Sold for California 1849. N. Z. & N. W "80 $50,000. Sent home 23,196 lb. bone. " 369 N. W. Coast 2,800 30,000 $40,000. Sold to Mattapoisett 1849. " 425 " 4,800 13,000 Bought from Boston 1845; sent home 16,000 lb. bone. " 233 So. Atlantic Capt. retd. sick 1816. Bark 275 N. W. Coast "75 l'i25 '9' 666 817,000, Ship 299, " 180 1,300 13,000 523.000. Sent home 13,553 lb. bone. '• 340 *« 200 1,400 13.000 $25,000. " 339 '* 2,700 17,000 $38,000. Greenport. *' 252 '* 960 9.000 $13,000. Greenport'. " 314 '* "¦76 2,380 16,000 $36,000. Greenport. 403 170 2,400 14,000 $32,000. Bought from New York 1845. Second Mate F. Ack ley died Jany., 1846. Green port. Bark 157252 So. Atlantic l',666 15' 666 Condemned in Brazil 1846. Bark South Seas '166 $24,000. Greenport. Ship 336IN. W. Coast ISO 1.700 6,000 t2 4,000. Greenport. Bark 227 S. A. & Indian. . . , 300 200 1,500 $11,000. New Suffolk, N. Y. Ship 299 Coast of Chili 40 2,300 7,0 00 $38,000, 340 N. Z. & N. W 44 2,200 12.000 ., 464|Paciflc & N. W. . . . 700 2.900 18,000 $61,000. Sid. for Cal. 1849. 11 391 Chili *: N. 'W 80 2,900 14,000 $¦'0,000. Sid. for Cal. 1849. ., 397 Pacific '. . 60 2,400 $35,000. Sold to New Bedford 1S49. Sent home 16.000 lb. bone. • ¦ 366 V. W. Coast l^O 2,160 8.000 $32,000. Sid. New Bedford '49. Bark 280 Cro-ettes 260 600 S.OOC $14,000. 273 S. A. & Indian. . . . 300 9^0 8 000 $20,000, Ship 292 Chili &N. W 40 1,660 12,00c $21 000. Withdrawn for Cali fornia 1849. .< 233 Japan Wrecked and condemned at Honolulu, Dec, 1849. Sent home 26.766 lb. bone. 414 Chili & N. W About $27,000. Capt. Bishop came home sick 1848. Sold at San Francisco 1849 with 1,800 bbls whale; sent home 14- 000 lb. bone. «' 280 SO 1,650 9.000 .< 370 293 Pacific 300 30 1,3001,270 12.000 11,000 IS25 000. " N. W. -Coast $16,000. Greenport. " 236J 250 1,600 16,000 $27,000. Greenport. Ship 367 Paciflc 50 2,000 10,500 Sold to New Bedford 1849. 338 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival Acasta, Cadmus ConcordiaFranklin . Gem Illinois . Jefferson Levant . . Marcus . Ontario . Panama . Phenix . Superior Tuscany Caroline Lucy Ann Neva Roanoke Italy . . . 1848 Columbia , Eliz, Frith Henry . Nimrod Noble Ontario 2nd Washington Wm. Tell . . Delta Nile Philip 1st . . Washington Gentleman Harlow . Smith ¦ Hedges . . Mercator Cooper. • Worth . ¦ Jaggar . • Smith . , ¦ Lowen . Babcock Brown , Hallock Green Royce S. W. Edwards , . Babcock Brown . , Case ¦ Baldwin • Weld , , , Sweeney. Jonas Winters , Lowen , , Huntting Glover Paine Drake M. Taber . D. Weeks , , . Woodruff. John Budd Oct. 14-Aug. 22, ^49 Mulford & Sleight iSep. 30-June 24, ^49 Thos, Brown , , , . Huntting Cooper July 13-July 9, '49 July 21 " !Oct, 9 John Budd lOct, 29-Mch. 31, '50 Thos, Brown 'July 29-May 28, '60 Tiffany & Halsey |oet, 13-Mch. 26, •SI N. & G. Howell I July 21 S. & P. Huntting & Co. ..|Oct. 11-Feb. 5, ^60 N. & G. Howell Sep. 15-Mc'h. 25, '50 Cook & Green joct. 22-May 31, '49 Post & Sherry |July 14-May 5, ^49 John Budd Aug, 12-Apl, 28, •SI Ireland, Wells & Carpenter Dec. 4-June 4, •50 Wiggins. Parsons & Cook|Aug, 21-July 8, '49 Ireland, Wells & Aug, 17-May 3, •SI Carpenter Wiggins & Parsons Aug, 25-July 12, ^49 David G. Floyd Aug. 17-Apl. 7, ^49 John Budd Oct, 12-May 17, '51 Post & Sherry July 13-May 13, ^60 Huntting Cooper 'July 10-Sep, 30, '60 Chas. T. Dering Sep. 5-Sep. 2, ¦SO " Sep 12-May 13, '50 Post & Sherry Aug. 7-Apl. 30, •SO Huntting Cooper June 3, -May 3, •SO Thos. Brown Sep. 1-Mch. 30, •SI Ireland, Wells & j Oct.-June 3, '61 Carpenter Sep, -Mch. 22, '51 ISep. 1-Mch, 27, '51 Wiggins & Parsons Sep.-May 12. '61 Ira B. Tuthill Aug. 8-Nov. 12, '19 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON 339 Bark Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship Bark Ship 286 307 265391 Indian Ocean Indian Ocean So. Atlantic N. W. Coast BarkShip Ship Bark Ship 326413 435382283 368 465314 275 299252 309 362252299 285 355 333280 273 So. Atlantic NT. W. Coast 3o. Atlantic , Indian Ocean .\'. W. Coast N. W. Coast So. Atlnatlc 489 V. W. Coast . 340 Chili & N. W. 370, X. W. Coast , 314! 403 N. W. Coast , 293 230 Bark 227 155 625 80 1.720 350 600 60 2,8003,200 3,500 3,0003,800 80 2,400 1,700 60 2,788 600 800 120 2,280 250 350 200 2,400 95 190 120 30 6080 267 116 17 4,00c 9,00c5,00c 14,000 9,000 8,000 10,000 30,00(20 000 17,400 6,000 22,00c 88 2,783 25.70C 3,000 30,000 $7,600. Withdrawn 1850. Re turned in consequence of the illness of Capt. Harlow; sec ond mate killed by a whale Dec. 1847, Sent home 4,000 lb. bone. Con demned at San Francisco 1860. Sent home 39 sperm. Lost on coast of Brazil June 7, 1850; had 3,300 whale; saved about 2,300; sent horae 60 sperm. Totally lost with her cargo near Suwarrow Island Dec, 1848; had 170 sperm, 2,800 whale, 27,000 bone. Sent home 13.662 lb. bone; sold to New Bedford 1850. $56,000, Sent home 26,193 lb, bone, $58,000. Sent home 7,600 lb, bone. Condemned at Honolulu Nov., 1850. $48,000. Sold to New Bedford 1860. Withdrawn 1860; condemned at Valparaiso 1851. $36,000. Sold to Boston 1849. $26,000, Sent home 22,936 lb. bone. $45,000. 21,750 Sent home 96 sperm, lb. bone; Capt. Ed wards died Oct. 29, 1849, $32,000. Geo. Babcock, first mate, died Sep, IS, 1849. Greenport. $35,000. Sent home 20.290 lb. bone; sailed 1849 and was condemned at Rio Janeiro 1860. Greenport. $50 000. Sent home 32 sperm, 12,000 lb. bone. Greenport. $12,000. Greenport. Sent home 53 sperm. Greenport. 300 2 237 14, sot 2,700 35,00C $60,000, Sent home 160 sperm; withdrawn 1850. 210 S.OOOC- Sold fO - California 1850. 1,050 3,00c $36,000. Sent home 100 sperm. 5,000 lb. bone. 1,245 6,00C $23,000. bone. $47,000, Sent home 5,000 lb. 2,700 SO.OOr 2. OOO 20.00c. $38,000. 2,720 25,000 $50,000. 1,334 6 800 $31,000. Greenport. 3.000 $48,000. Greenport. 2,200 22.00c $42,000. Sent horae 22 656 lb. bone. Greenport. 1,636 22,000 $27,000, Sent home 3.000 lb. bone. Sold to Sag Harbor 1851. Greenport. 300 2,600 $13,000. Owned in New Suf- folk. N. Y. 340 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Nama of Vessel 1849 Concordia . . Timor Bayard Italy 1850 Ann Charlotte Jefferson . Odd Fellow Ontario 2nd Washington Caroline Pioneer . Roanoke Gentleman . 1851 Black Eagle ColumbiaEmerald . Levant Mary Gardner Nim.rod Noble Tuscany . . . . Washington . William Tell Delta ItalyNeva Nile . Pioneer . , , , Philip 1st ,. 1852 Charlotte , . Gentleman . Mary Gardner Captain Managing Owner or Agent . French . ¦ Baker , , Grahara, • Weld . . .1.' Steen Jonas Winters . , , James Huntting . . Hedges , . . . Geo, R. Brown Rose Hedges Babcock,. Weeks Hand . Cartwright Jeremiah Ludlow, Hallock Jagger , Mercator Cooper. David Smith ¦ Green . . . ¦ Nicholl . . ¦ Halsey . . • Fdwards ¦ Taber . . , ¦ Weeks , . Rowley Case , , . Conklin Thos, Brown , . . . Huntting Cooper Ireland, Wells & Carpenter David G. Floyd . . Thos. Brown Wm. R. Post Thos. Brown W. R. Post , Thos, Brown Huntting Cooper Ireland, Wells & Carpenter , . . . David G. Floyd . . Parsons & Brown Ira B. Tuthill Thos. Brown John Budd Huntting Cooper . Gilbert H. Cooper. Chas. T. Dering. . John Budd . . Thos. Brown Ireland. Wells & Carpenter David G. Floyd. Date Sailing — Arrival Ireland. Wells & Carpenter Baldwin Sisson . D. G. Floyd Ireland Wells & Carpenter .... Oct. 12-June 4, '54 Oct. 12-Oct. 11, '52 Aug. 21-Apl. 20, '63 Aug.-May 14, '51 Oct. 9-Apl. 7, '53 July 26-May 28, '52 Nov. 17-Mch. 24, '53 July 26-June 2, '52 Sep. 4 Sep. 4 Aug, 7-July 9, '52 Jan, 19-Sep, 9, '51 June 4-Apl. 5. '53 June-May 20, '62 July 24-Apl, 5, ^54 Aug. 2,-Apl. 27, ^65 Aug. 19-May 12. '56 Aug. 7 July 24-Oot. 7, '52 July 7-Aug. 10, '53 June 5-Aug. 6, '53 Oct, 1-Apl. 22, '5 4 Oct. 14-May 28. '53 Sep. 20-Apl. 22, '54 Aug. 1 i.4ug. 2-May 10, ^54 lOct. 1-June 12, '54 Sep. 1-Apl. 19, 'es Oct. 31-May 15, '65 July 14-Apl. 6. ^54 ¦ T-Talsey . . , Cartwright, Lowen William R. Post I Gilbert H. Cooper July 21-June21, ^54 Aug. 30-Apl. 24. ¦¦56 Nov. 27-May 15. '56 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 341 Class and Tonnage Whalin.g Ground S.Oil W.Oil Bom Bark Ship Bark Brig Ship Bark Ship Bark Bark Ship 265iSo. Atlantic 280 339 No. Paciflc Pacific . . . . 299 N. W. Coast 299 .Vo. Paciflc . 230 So. Pacific . 435 .\rctic 23 9 So. Atlantic 489 No. Paciflc . 340 262 236252 22' 311 285SIS 382 316 So. Atlantic Bark 280273 Ship Bark Ship Bark 29S236370314 Ship 299 " 362 " 403 Bark 235 293 Brig Bark 230227 .Arctic No. Paciflc So. Atlantic Xo. Paciflc . Arctic 316 So. Atlantic Arctic So. Atlantic No. Pacific . 32 920 290 Remarka 691 125 1,475 16,00C 1,604 20, SOC 2,577 38,100 739 7,60C 307 2 24 2.872 39,00C 401 320 1,900 76 60 234 1,080 1,385 10,500 Sent home 60 sperm, 677 whale, 5,350 lb. bone. Sent home 90 sperm, 11,994 lb. bone. $50,000. Sent home 450 whale, 20,719 lb. bone. Added 1848, $19,000. Sent home 150 whale; bought in 1860 by T. Brown and bark rigged. Added 1850. Sent home 316 sperra. $82,000, Sent home 600 whale, 18,000 lb. bone. \dded 1860. Capt. Brown killed while "cut ting in,^^ 1853. Sent home 230 whale. Lost on Pitfs Island 1861; sent home 10,000 lb. bone. $35,000. Greenport. Added 1849. Greenport. 7,500 $33,000. Sent home 40 sperm, 100 whale. Greenport. Owned in New Suffolk, N. T, Sold to Sag Harbor, 1852, 650 . .. 1,409 65 2,471 14,0 OC 14,300 25 690 291 129 300 290600 1,600 1,787 1,341 25 2,600 46 2,351 16 2.305 260 CoO 2,231 1,200 3 60G 12,000 21 400 12,000 13,500 14,500 3, SOC Built 1861. Sent home 85 whale, 20,098 lb. bone. Sent home 7,885 lb. bone. Added 1861; built 1835; was a Havre packet 15 years; sent home 35,720 lb. bone. Sent home 12,660 lb, bone. Lost 1855. Bit. 1851. Capt. died Aug., 1852. Ship returned. $33,000, Sent home 40 sperm, $23,000.$46,000. $43,000.$28,000. Sent horae 586 whale, 20.218 lb. bone. Sold to New London 1856. Greenport. Sent horae 12,600 lb. bone. Greenport. $66,000. Sent home 366 whale, 18.750 bone. Greenport. $83,000. Sent home 300 sperm and 29.592 lb. bone. Broken up 1857. Greenport. Greenport. $48,000, Greenpor'.. Sent home 920 whale. Bot Greenport '51, 134 201 39 134 3,000 . . 1.207 ]8.60( Capt. Halsey left in 1863 ,sick. $10,000. Added 1852 from New ¦ Suffolk; withdrawn 1856, Sent horae 7,000 lb. bone. Sent home 247 whale. 12,740 lb, bone. 342 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival Odd Fellow , Caroline . . , , Pioneer 1853 Ann Jefferson , . . , Noble Nimrod Parana Timror Washington , Bayard Oregon 1854 Odd Fellow , Black Eagle Montauk , , . . Parana Tuscany . . , Williarn Tell Caroline . . . . Italy Neva Oregon Philip 1st , . . Roanoke . , . , 1855 A nn Concordia , , . Emerald , . , , Noble Washington , Kanawha , . . Young J, M. Case .... H. A, Babcock Hedges , , ¦ Huntting • Nicoll , , . Green , , . Edw. Sraith Rogers ¦ Brown . Graham. Tery Smith French. Smith —— White Sraith J. M. Case . , , Weld . ¦ Hand ¦ Babcock. . . Sisson . Wade ¦ Hamilton McCorkle Hallock . Jennings Babcock . Terry . . . Thos. Brown Wells & Carpenter D. G. Floyd Thos. Brown . , . Chas, T, Dering Thos, Brown , , , . Huntting Cooper Aug. 2-Mch. 16, '54 Aug, 19-Aug. 5, '54 Oct. 16-Sep. 3, ^52 July 15-July 1, '55 Oct, 26-Mch. 19, ^57 Sov. IS-Sep. 2, '55 Nov, 26-Nov, 3, '56 June 16-June 16, '64 June 7-May 24, '56 Goodale . . . Edwards . . . Wells & Carpenter Thos, Brown Thos. Budd Thos. John Budd Thos. Brown WellsDavid & Carpenter G. Floyd Sep. 2-May 23, '65 Aug. 11 June 2-Aui'. 19, '54 July-May 29, •be ;Nov, 4-Aug. 16, '58 Sep, 5-June 26, '59 Aug. 12-Meh. 24, •So Sep. 20 Aug. 24-May 6, ^67 Dec. 6-Apl, 19, '57 Sep, 26 Aug. 30-Mch. 18, '67 Nov. 1-July 15, ¦SO July 17-Apl. 24 ¦SS Oct. 10-Mch. 18, •S? Thos. Brown Dec. 7 ^ , '¦ ^ Oct. 26-Oct. 10, •SS John Budd ,Oct. 26-May 9. ^59 Gilbert H, Cooper Nov. 9-July 9, '57 Thos, Brown Aug, 5-Dec 4, '68 Wells & Carpenter Inov, 6-May 27, '^7 Wells & Carpenter, HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 343 Class and Tonnage Whaling Ground 3, Oil W.Oil Bone Bark ShipBrig Bark ShipBark Brig Ship Bark BarkBark Ship Brig Ship Bark Ship Bark ShipBark 239 3o. Atlantic 299 :^o. Atlantic 436 273 2S0209 280 340 339224 239 311 Paciflc Atlantic Xo. Paciflc .Arctic So. Atlantic 3o. Atlantic .Vrctic 512 \'o. Paciflc 209 Fatagonia . . 299 Vrctic 370 "'0. Paciflc . 262 3o. Atlantic 299 Arctic 362 Vo. Pacific . 22 4 So. Atlantic 293 Xo. Paciflc . 25: 299 3o. Atlantic Indian Ocean 265 3o. Atlantic 618,. Xo. Paciflc . 273 So. Atlantic . . , 236 269 .iLtlantic & Ind. 137 1,190 700 300 150 193 240 22 29 324 302 222 79 160 104 525 105 3 400 703840662 1,541 796 630 359 1,466 318 1,200 4,0004,200 1,200 9,600 488 519 11, SOC 276 1,300 900 IOC Reraarks jrenport.Sold to New Greenport. Bedford 1855, 14,000 2 600 514,000,fS3,000. Sent 1,647 lb, bone. j30,000.1117,000, Sold 1855. Bought 1863. $28,000, Sent home 60 sperm. 800 whale, 10,222 lb, bone. ¦Sent home 5 371 lb. bone; with drawn 1855. Sent home 155 sperm, 608 whale, 9,200 lb, bone, $25,000, Greenport. Added 1863 built at HalloweU, Me., 1818, Sailed Capt. Bab cock, who came home sick, 1853. Greenport. Built 1861. Sent home 76 sperm, 872 whale, 1.360 lb. bone. Sold to New Bedford, 1869. $39,000. .Sold to Boston, 1860; sent home 70 sperra, 700 whale, 11,604 lb, bone. $15,000. Withdrawn 1865. $86,000. Sent home 2,605 100 1,226 1,900 1,490 3,072 con- 38 1,03(1 570 6,400 950 250 1,200 279 780 1,000 35 890 90C Sent home 135 sperm, whale, 23,800 lb. bone; _ demned at Honolulu Jany., 1857; fltted from Honolulu; condemned again Dec, 1868. Greenport. Withdrawn 1869. Grenport. Greenport. $62,000. Builth at Rochester, Mass.. 1826; new topped 1863; picked up a dismasted Jap anese junk with 27 people on board; carried hr into Loo Choo; sold to New London 1868; sent horae 1 453 whale, 21,337 lb. bone. Greenport. $27,000. Sent horae 280 sperm, 720 whale, 6,000 lb. bone; con demned at St. Helena Feb. 26, 1868. $34,000, Sent home 112 sperm, 412 whale, 8 100 bone. $42,000. One of "Stone fleet," No, 2 sunk 1862. $43,000. Sent home 160 sperm, 466 whale 13,000 bone. $16 000. Bought from New York 1855; built 1847; sold 1860. Greenport's last whaler. 344 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival Prudent • Harailton David G Flovd Deo. 29-May 18, '5 1856 Colurabia Mary Gardner , , . Nirairod Odd Fellow Parana Susan S. S. Learned. ... Timor "W. F. Safford Oregon 1857 White ¦ Nicoll ¦ Green . . , , Goodale , . - Royce . . . . Edwin Sraith J. M. Taber . • White Royce Case . John Budd W. & H. G. Cooper. Thos. Brown J. B. & B. Smith. H. & S. French . . Apl. July JuneAug. June July June 25-May 17-Ma51 9-Sep. 13-July 9-Sep. 2S-June 24-Apl. 31, '58 31, '69 17, '68 6, '68 8, ^67 1, ^57 8, •SS Huntting Cooper Aug. 13-May 4, •59 Thos. Brown l.'VIay 5 Wells & Carpenter [Sep. 4-May 7, ^59 Augusta j Jaraes M. Tabor. . . W. & G. H. Cooper | July 24- Jan. 19, •ei Excel . . , Jefferson Noble . . Parana Susan Union William Tell Winters . . Huntting . Jennings Royce . . . Smith Jeremiah Hedges. . James Austin . . . . Wade & Brown IJuly 27-May 28, '59 [Sep. 9-Apl. 15, '61 \y. & G. H. Cooper |xov. 3-June 26, ^59 Wade & Brown ; Xov. 2-Sep. 20, ^69 J. B. & E. Sraith JDec 12-Feb. 25, ^60 Wade & Brown , Sep. 9-May 8, ^61 Sep. 9 Caroline Pontus ....jWells & Carpenter July 16 Kanawha | Hedges Baboock ... j Aug.-Bpring, '60 I ' Wade [Wells & Carpenter |june 12-Feb. 25, •OO Roanoke . . 1858 Nimrod , , , Odd Fellow . . . S. S. Learned 1869 Colurabia Concordia Excel Mary Gardner , , . Green Rose . . . Goodbee McCorkle. Hamilton . Loner . . . , Jennings . W. & G. H. Cooper ] Dec. 1 Wade & Brown Sep. 29-Mch. 6, '61 H. & S. French jJune 7-Nov. 21, •SS J°hn Budd j..\ug. 1-Apl. 16, '62 Wade & Brown May 23-May 8, '62 w * r. XI ,^ l'^"'y 1-May 26, '61 |W, & G. H. Cooper [Oct. 31-June 20, '61 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 345 Class and s I Whalln,g Ground Bark Bark Ship Brig Brig Bark ShipBark BrigSch'r Bark ShipBark Bark Sch'r 298 Atlantic S.Oil W.Oil Bone 128 2,000 11.000 2S5 Pacific 316 .A.tlantic & Ind, , . , 280 S. A. & Indian 239'So. Atlantic Brig 20 9 Sch'r 134 116 280 Straits of Lutka . . Falk. Islands . . . . Strs. Belleisle . , . . Pacific 143510316253 '376 174 Spitzhergen 224iAtlantic , , , , 390 Pacific 376 So, Atlantic 435 No, Pacific , 257 30 273lS. A. & Indian 209|Str. of Lutka 134 Falklands . . 30olso. Atlantic 370 No. Pacific , ., 262 No. Pac 269J 262 Indian & Pac, 960 51 162 211450 "30 400 591 286 5,700 1,000 600 4,900 "ioo 4,000 "256 700 Remarka $66,000. Second mate killed by natives of Easter Island, 1856; added 1866 from Ston ington; sold 1859; sent home 7 42 whale, 6,70 0 bone. Green port, Sent home 100 sperm. Sent home 320 sperra, $15,000. Cond'm'd Sydney ab. 60. . ... 1,420 10.000 159 720 6,00c 682 60 65 637 4,00(. 285 460 3,000 185 1,000 375 $28,000. Sent home 380 sperm. $15,000, Bought from Harwich $1,000. Added 1866; chartered by United States government for lighthouse service 1867. Sent home 142 sperm. 628 whale, 8.022 bone; one of "stone fleet'' No. 1, Added '56, "Withdrawn '60. Sold to Fairhaven for West In dia trade 186 9. Owned in For'merly a brig packet between Savannah and New York; added and altered 1S57; sent home 282 whale, 1,011 bone; sold to Greenport 1861. Formerly ttrig; added and al tered 1857. Sent home 79 sperm. 1.361 whale, 12,922 bene; broken up 1861. $35,000.$28,000. Sent home 200 whale, 600 bone. $15,000. Sent home 300 whale, 3,400 bone. Bought from New York 1857; built 1849; sent home 44 sperm, 629 whale 3,900 bone. Sent horae 126 whale. 1.800 hone. $4,00 0. Lost on East Cape July 14, 1869. Sent home 600 whale, 6,890 bone; condemned at Honolulu Sep. 11, 1869. Greenport. Capt. Babcock, owing to illness resigned coramand to Mate Frlw. Halsey. Greenport. $1' 000 Sold to Boston 1860. Greenport. 280lAtl. & Indian 316 162 1.000 2391116 No. Atlantic 350 12 600 291 Condemned at Sydney Nov. 25, 1860; oil sold, $15,000. Returned 1858, Bark 285 So. Atlantic 1 712 131 265 Atlantic 109 938 376 Coast of Pata 68 940 SlO^tlantic ' 845 469 'Sent 930 bone. Sold N. Y. '62. l.OOOlSent home 2,400 bone. 3,600!3,000(Was chased two hours off Ber muda by rebel privateer on passage home. Added 1859. 340 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival Myra Noble S. S. Learned Susan Washington 1860 Parana Susan 1861 Excel 1863 John A. Robb, Myra 1864 Balaena Concordia Ocean , . , Pacific . . . Union 1865 Odd Fellow Pacific 1866 Concordia .. . . . John A. Robb Myra Ocean • Havens . ¦ Fowler . ¦ Eldridge King . . . ¦ Babcock Green . . ¦ King . . . W. & G. H. Cooper H. & S. French June 20-Oct. 16, '60 Sep. 1-Aug. 19, '61 Apl. 20 May 23 Wade & Brown ; May 2-May 6, '62 H. & S. French May 16-July 2, ^62 Rose , , O, R, Wade John A. Robb . . , . Myra Odd Fellow Union Susan A. J. Jennings . Jacob Havens . Weld . . . Ludlow King . . . H. & S. French W. & G. H. Cooper. Wade & Brown . . . . O. R. TVade H. & S. French May 7-Aug. 7, ^61 July 22 Oct, 15-Apl. 27, •es June 14-Apl. 20, '63 Aug. 23-Mch. 13, '64 Nov, 15-June 4, '64 Oct. 14-July 13. '63 Greene . . Babcock , , , Jennings , Rogers . , Davis C. Osborn ( Pierson I Huntting. ¦ Hedges , , . . H. & S. French |-Aug, 3-Apl, 8, '66 Oct. 5-Apl. 18, '66 H. & S. French. May 20-May 25, '67 June 3-Oct, 7, '65 May 29-Apl. 16, 66 • Weld , . , French . , . Skinner Green . . Babcock Weed . . O. R. Wade Davis C. Osborn , ^ _„ ^^^. ^„ „„ H. & S. French IJuly 26-Nov! 11,' ^64 'Nov. 28 O. R. "Wade Aug. 22-Aug. 10, "67 O. R. Wade July 7-June 13, •OS H. & S. French lAug. 14 O. R. Wade . . . H. & S. French. May 11-Sep. 13, ^67 July 24 May 28-Dec, 30, '67 Aug. 9 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 347 Bark Bark Bark P,rigBark Class and „., ,, „ Tonnage ^^'^^""^ «''°""-^ S.Oil W,Oil Bone Remarka Brig Bark ShipSch'r 150273116131 236 209 134 375 So, Atlantic .\tlantic 220 468 "51'665 176 700 ¦335 170150 165310 "566 'i,'ooi 3,00( '2,6 6( 1,10(2, SOC 1,60C Added 1859, $19,000, Sent horae 60 sperra; con demned St, Catherine's '63, Bark ao. Atlantic .¦Atlantic 552 110 341 400 240 666558 150210 .... Sold in New York 1862, $38,000, $30,000. Sent horae 296 sperm, 200 whale, 1,800 bone; altered to a bark 1862. Another account says: "Sold 100 whale; returned with 341 sperm and 300 humpback, worth in all $20,000, Sent home 147 sperm; con demned 1863. $4,000. Bot. Fairhaven '61. Added 1861. $12,000 (probably sent some oil home), Sid, N. Y, '63, $62,000. Shipped 230 sperm, 470 whale to Liverpool from Port Stanley; sent home 3,100 bone. Sent home 70 sperra, 192 whale. Sch'r Bark Atl. & India Brig BarkBark 160239 300134273 150 So. Atlantic Atl. & Indian Atl. & Indian Atlantic Bark Brig So. Atlantic 301 Atlantic 350 314 300 Hudson's Bay Pacific So. Atlantic . . Atlantic 185 20 300 So. Atlantic , . . 239|Atlantic 315 314 Pacific 600 1,400 70 90 30 300 217 Hudson's Bay 244, So. Atlantic . . 116l:Vtlantic 239 So. Atlantic . . 440 7.300 $58 000. Bought frora New Bed ford 1863. Sent horae 122 sperra, 183 whale, and 3,600 bone, $14,000. Bot. Sandwich ¦64. Bought from New Bedford 1864. Capt. Pierson died at Pernambuco Oct., 1864. Sent horae 275 sperm; with drawn for freighting 1868. James M. Ward, first mate, died at Fayal Sept, 1, 1867; sent home 70 sperm, 457 whale, 2.700 bone. Sold to New London 1869. Lost at Behring's Island July 30 1866; third mate and flve men arived at Hakodadi after being two months in an open boat. Sold at St. Helena March, 1868, Sent home SO sperm. Lost ^67. Lost 1867. 348 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Name of Vessel 1867 Balaena Captain Managing Owner or Agent Date Sailing — Arrival Jennings. , ,|H, & S. French lOct. 13-Oct. 21, '70 Highland Mary ,,.ISmith French July 3 1868 Concordia Myra 1871 ,,. Myra ¦ Dunbar O. R. Wade 'Apl. 20-Oct. 7, '69 ¦ Babcock , , . [h. & S. French | Aug. 24-Apl. 25, '71 Babcock . . .'h. & S. French July 17 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 349 Class and Tonnage Whaling Ground S,Oil W.Oil Bone Bark 215 Indian Ocean 209 .Vtlanti Remarks Bark BrigBrig 217 Cum. Inlet 116 Pacific 116 .\tlantic . . 50 I Joseph Menday third mate, and three raen drowned at Tris- tand'acunha, Nov,, 1868; sent home 560 sperra; sold to New Bedford 1871. $24,000, Forraerly named Mi- i chael, under Portuguese fiag; then Parana, sailing from Sag Harbor; then was an English brig; added again to Sag Har bor 1866; crew except second and third raate and one boat- steerer, deserted at St, Cath erine's 1868; condemned at Panama; re-fitted and named Sallie French 1868; sent home ; 180 sperm, 400 whale, 2,200 i lb, bone, 200 2,930 Sent home 121 sperm; sold to New London 1870, 235 310 Sent horae 325 sperm, 339 whale. Sent home 430 sperm, 500 whale 700 lb. bone; condemned at .Barbadoes, Dec. 14. 1874. Sag Harbor's last whaler. 350 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON WHALES SEEN OFF THE COAST IN THE NEIGHBORHOOD OF SOUTHAMPTON 1669-1912. (The following are merely references as I have happened to flnd them and the table makes no pretences to being complete.) 1669. before April 12 or 13 East end of Long Island (2 at West end at Governor's Island) 1711 20 4 Montauk, 8 Southampton, 2 Moriches 3 Brook haven, 2 Islip, 1 ? all small. 1721 Feb, 24 '.'they talk of 40, whales being taken on Long Island" "But 4 whales killed on L. I. this year." on the East End, Off Amagansett, Right whales killed at one time, "A whale was seen in Gardiner's Bay today.'' "A whale was killed oflf Amagansett day before yesterday," "Killed a whale off Amagansett yesterday," "Killed a whale off Wainscott today," Killed a whale today — East Hampton? 1 at Bridgehampton & 1 at Southampton. Off Amagansett. Right whale killed off Southampton. School — Gardiner's Bay, Killed off Bridgehampton, Off Southampton. 1 killed. Several. R'ght and humpbacked. Gardiner's Bay, "Quite a number.'' Amagansett and Wainscott, Several. Amagansett, East Hampton, Montauk, Off Southampton — 1 killed — small. Cow and calf, Amagansett — Killed, Came ashore dead off Shinnecock Pt., 84 ft. long & long dead. Off Amagansett, Chased off Southampton. "lately caught" at Southampton. Off Wainscot. Cow and calf off Bridgehampton, large Right Whale off Southampton, Seen off Amagansett, in past few weeks: 2 Amagansett, (one 63 ft,) 1722 Mar. 12 1741 Feb. 8 6 1837 3 1840-5 5 1841 June 1 il July 28 1 1847 Jan, 22 1 it Mar, 25 1 It April 13 1 " April 14 2 1848 Mar. 2 1 1858 Feb, 1 1859 Oct. 27 1862 May 12 1 1864 — . 3 1866 April 30 It June 18 1 1867 Jan. 17 1874 Mar. 7 1876 Jan. 13 2 1876 May 5 2 1879 Dec, 4 1 1880 Mar, 4 1 1882 Jan, 30 1 " Mar, 9 1 " June 1 3 " Dec, 30 2 " Dec, 31 2 1884 Jan, 26 1 1885 Jan, 22 5 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 351 1 Bridgehampton, 1 Southampton, killed; 1 got away. " Feb. 19 1 Reference to "remains of the Amagansett whale" on the beach. Dec. 17 2 Killed off Amagansett. 1886 Jan. 14 1 Caught off Amagansett, " " 28 Several seen by life saVers. " Mch 26-28 1 Seen off Amagansett. 1887 Feb. 25 1 Chased at Amagansett. " Mar. 1 1 Chased at Southampton. " Mar, 9 1 Killed at Amagansett. " April 21 1 Off Amagansett. 1888 Jan. 19 1 Caught at Amagansett. 1890 Nov. 26 2 1 Caught at Wainscott, 1894 April 12 2 Right Whales; 1 caught at Amagansett. " June 14 1 Right Whale off Amagansett, 1911 April 1 Bridgehampton. 1912 April 6 ''Whales" off Southampton. APPENDIX XIX LETTERS OF MR, ALBERT JAGGER [For full details of the company owning the Sabina see Memorials, pp. 290—292.] A- 1 (= ^-t, A *i ^- ^ } March 29th, 1849. i\o. 1. South Atlantic Ocean ^\ Apr. 1st, 1849. It is now nearly two months since I bade you a hasty farewell. A letter although void of any very im portant occurrences may not be altogether uninterest ing. We did not leave Greenport until late on AA'ednes- day the 7th [Feb. 7th, 1849]. We sailed down into the Bay & a boat was sent to Shelter Island after Tom Ripley, J. Sayre's clerk at Sag Harbor. , The crew got wet in going ashore & the most of them froze their hands consequently did not reach the ship until about -4 o'clock next morning. Pyrrhus froze both hands badly the same night throwing the lead. The wind was fair & had it not been the absence of our boat should have left Ripley ... & thus possibly avoided a very severe gale which overtook us on Mori- 352 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON day night while in the gulf & threatened the destruc tion of our leaky Ship & it is supposed by most on board that it was only owing to the increase of numbers that kept her frora becoming watterlogged. To make it easy for the crew watches by mutual consent had been chosen from the Co. who took their turns in working the ship & at the pumps regularly. On the night aforesaid my watch closed at 10, the wind was blowing strong from the S, E,, the sails were closely reefed. About 2 the Capt, called for all hands that could do anything. One of the pumps had choked up with coal & had become unmanageable — soon the other failed from the same cause. The water in the hold at this time was from 3 to 4 ft. All sails were taken in & the Ship hove round to the wind. The larboard quarter boat was taken from the cranes by a heavy sea & several of the upper spars were lost overboard & the foresail. We looked upon our situation as critical. The ship is a good sailer & a very good seaboat but she was by no means fit for the sea when we sailed. When the weather has been rough we have had to pump from 1200 to 2000 strokes per hour to keep her free. Whenever it has been moderate enough to caulk stayes have been rigged out & men at work filling up the seams with oacum & whitelead. Machinery has been fixed by which the pumps are both worked together by 8 or 10 men — this makes the labor much easier. It is generally supposed that below the copper the Ship is tight for the caulking that has already been done has made nearly the difiference of half in pumping. After the gale had subsided the sails were again put out (this was about 4 P. M. on Tuesday) & the ship headed for the Cape de Verds for repairs; but on account of head winds she fell to the leeward & could not make them. We are now near St, Catherine's, . . . We have seen a considerable many sails in the distance; but have spoken only two. One was a French Ship, the other was the Schooner John Allen from N, Bedford for the "Gold diggins" with 25 men on board. . . , After we had been out a little more than a month & had got into a mild climate & some of the worst leaks HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 353 stopped it was proposed that a few men be hired out of the Co. & let them assist the regular crew & receive wages therefor. Saml. Halsey, Wm, H. Post, Geo. Burnet, & Wm. AA'hite were hired for $14 per month & the mates $25 so that zve have but a very little to do & enough to help us. There has no serious accident happened to any on board except Dan'l Howell who on the 5th of March providentially escaped with his life. The main top sail yard was found to be defective & in getting it down in order to send up a new one the lift fell from aloft in which was set an iron thimble & struck him nearly upon the top of his head. If it had struck him an inch or two lower it would undoubtedly have killed him instantly. He is doing well & will probably be upon dut}^ again before a great while. AA'e have seen several species of AA'hales since we have been out. Saw a school of sperm whales, say from 10 to 15, which was on Sunday, Blackfish, Grampuses, Porpoises, Skipjacks &c have frequently been seen, AA^e ha^e not been able to get any fish to eat since we have been out except a few flying fish & one Dolphin that came on board in the night of their own accord. We have a firstrate cook but he seasons altogether too high for weak stomachs, , , , The Co, are divided off into 5 messes & have a steward for each mess. In the cabin are H. Green & Son John, Capt. Parker, Capt. Haynes, Dr. Dodge, \A'm. Parker, S. Harbour, Wm. T. Horton, Southold & myself — so much for drawing a berth in the cabin. My roommate was offered by Capt. Rogers $5 to exchange with him; but it was refused. AA'e are very much lumbered up with baggage & ship stores; but are as comfortable as can be expected. For the last 3 weeks the weather has been hot. The thermometer ranging from 80° to 90° a considerable part of the time. AA^e hope soon to be where the climate will be the op posite. AA'e have had meetings every Sabbath since we sailed & for the most part upon the evenings of that day. There are on board . . , some wild boys I will as sure you & if they don't spree it some before they return then they don't, that's all, . . 354 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON We hope to reach San Francisco by the 4th of July- , , There is a ship in sight bearing down for us & has the appearance of being a whaler & I must close this up, April 1st. The Ship referred to would not speak us. She came within about ^ mile & put ofif as if afraid of our numbers. 9 P. M, We are now 'n company with a Nantucket ship & have news direct irom Sandwich Id. of a very encouraging character respecting Gold in California. He also showed us a whaling hst of reports, I see the Ann reported with 1650, We send our letters by this Ship to Rio as he is expectinf to po in about 10 days. We hope to reach St, Catharine's ariout the middle of the week — . No. 2 St. CathariLc's April llth, 1849. . . . We arrived here on Thursday the Sth & have been anchored at quarantine ever since, our time expires tonight. The greater part of the Co. however have been on shore trading for fruit of different kinds. We had the privilege of going on shore & getting water from a spring within sight of the fort; they have also sent fresh beef to our ship, but it was very Httle better than horseflesh. It made tolerable kind of broth but when roasted was almost as tough as leather. Canoes came alongside with chickens, eggs, milk. Oranges, Plantains, Bananas, Peanuts, Huckleberries, Lemons, Guavers, scrimps [?] &c, all of which they sell high except Oranges which range from 10 to 15 pr, hundred. There are 3 Schooners & 2 Ships lying near us all bound to Cal, One left here on Sunday for the same place. The Geo, Washington from N, Y, is here with 130 passen gers. The Stafford has 100, she too is from N. Y. There has been a fracas on board two nights in succession. Night before last we were alarmed with the cry of mur der — yesterday morning we heard that the mate had some difficulty with one of the hands & the Capt, inter fered & the man stabbed him & then jumped overboard. They sent a boat after him & then tied him up & flogged him. We heard that he was to be sent home by Rio, I was on board the Pomona from N. Bedford yesterday & saw HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 355 some Gold that was given them from the Flora of N. London. They spoke her a few days from this place bound home. The particulars you probably have seen published. They had a shipped crew over which they had to look with a keen eye, constantly in fear that they would rise upon them & take the ship. The sample that I have left, you will find enclosed, I had to exhibit it to so many that a part of it got scattered & lost. AA'hat I saw there was about as large as flaxseed upon an aver age. They spoke of seeing one lump on board the Flora as large as a nutmeg. In about 3 months more we hope to see some of our own procuring if Providence favours us. AA'e anticipate a rough passage first around the Cape ; but the Ship will be in a better condition for rcup'h weather than when we left home. Her seams upon ex amination were found to be very open. Capt. Barny re marked yesterday that it was lucky for us that she did not waterlog in the gale that we had just after we left. Thus far we have made our own repairs & are ex pecting to finish caulking today. She will probably sail the last of the week. The villages near where we lie are small. I have been as yet to but one. The inhabitants appeared to be very civil & well behaved. In addition to the fruits abovementioned coffee, cotton, sugar cane & corn were the principal articles raised. There are a plenty of slaves ; but I should judge from what I saw of them that they fared much better than in our Southern States. Our ship is anchored about 10 miles from the Ocean & it is about 14 miles farther to the principal city of St. Catharine. A Co. of us are expecting to take a boat & go there some day before we leave. The bay at this place is about 4 or 5 miles in width & is a beautiful sheet of water with strong currents setting through.- The land both upon the Island & the main is very broken, mountainous & rocky. I have not seen an im plement of husbandry that was Yankeefied in the least. They are so indolent that they do httle more than hve. If the Yankees were in possession of this country it would soon look differently I will assure you. The health of our Co. continues good. Those who were seasick about a month look now as fat & plump 356 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMP'TON as midshipmen. Some were considerably disappointed & somewhat dissatisfied because the Trustees decided to have the ship stop here rather than at Rio. W^e have heard that vessels are quarantined there 14 days & I presume are far more strict than here. Since hearing this there have been very few to complain. It is the report of colera &c in the States that has caused the adoption of these new measures. Friday 13th. Capt. Green goes this morning to St. Catharine's on business so I hasten to close my letter & send it by him. We have done nothing at caulking for the last two days on account of the wind & rain. One day more & they expect to finish but as yet she leaks nearly as bad as when we came in. If she continues to leak as badly after they finish they propose to heel her over so that the upper part of the copper can be examined. All are anxious as far as I know to get to sea again. AA'e shall very likely be detained here until Tuesday or AA'^ednes- day. Our boats are upon the move nearly all the time going from one village to another trading for fruits &c. Since I wrote before I have been to VA'hitehall & St. Michael's, the first about 1 mile distant & the other about 6. I bought my closebag full of oranges & one of E. AA'hite's (which was nearly as large), for about .75 of our money. Their coin is Millrays, petacks & vintons, 52-18-2J4 cts. There were three of us to share them. We had over 200 each. It was all picked fruit & I think they will keep good several weeks. Oranges are just turning yellow & are said to be about in the right state to take to sea. After I had got through buying they •gave me a fine apple & some of the largest iigs that I ever saw. . I saw several parrots for sale & if I had been going home would have bought one or two. I had a pair offered me for $1.50, The inhabitants seemed to be very frugal in their diet. To appearance they eat but very little meat & are very poorly clad. The children are nearly naked & are \ery numerous I will assure you, , , Education is very much neglected & the religion of the country Catholic. You will not HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 357 only see the Cross in front of their chapels but upon their dwellings & about their persons. There were more than 20 of our Co. that went to the City yesterday & have not yet returned. I have been so much disgusted at the place that I think I shall not go. I have heard so much from those who have been that my curiosity is pretty well satisfied. Now I suppose you would like to know how we get along as to our fare on board the Ship. AA hy, generally we have something to eat & that which is pretty good to be sure. For breakfast codfish & potatoes — corn- bread, meat & potatoes, hash & fried ham. Dinner boiled Rice, Appleduff, Bean porridge. Pea soup, Chicken soup, Tea, cold meat, butter cheese & about once a week raised warm biscuit. This is our general Ijill of fare. AA hen we get to California perhaps we shall have a greater variety of dishes than now. Capt. Rogers has just come in & wants me to go in the boat to town. The crew are AA'm. H. Post, Peter Howell, Geo. Burnet, Edward AA'hite & I have pretty much concluded to go. . , , I shall write again soon after we get to the Eldorado, No, 3, North Pacific Ocean August 6th, 1849. We are now near the port of our destination & through the kind Providence of God have been pre served from any serious accidents. All are in comfort able health & hope soon to realize that for which we have left our homes & encountered a voyage of hazard & privation. AA'hen I closed up my last letter I broke off suddenly to prepare myself for Town. The weather was pre carious & we got wet considerably before we reached there — found the Town full of strangers from the differ ent vessels in port, Capt. G. did not get his business ar ranged until 5 P- M. & then from the threatening ap pearance of the weather did not think it expedient to start for the ship before morning. The night was dark & rainy & we were under the necessity of sleeping upon the floor. The place was beautifully located upon a large Bay, at the base of a semi circle of mountains ris- 358 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON ing towards the South & East. Its population is about 8000. There are some few rich buildings of a style differ ent from anything I ever saw before ; but the great mass of them were small & low covered with hme mortar upon the uprights & tiles for the roofs. There were but two pubhc houses in the place & they would hardly compare with our Irish Hotels in point of cleanliness & respectability. Early next morn ing we visited the markets, the prisons & the churches where mass was being said. The latter were large & richly adorned, under the centre of which the dead were deposited in vaults prepared for that purpose. There was a brook of water from the mountains that made a circuitous route through the city. At this brook I should judge that most of their washing was done by slaves & conveyed from, for family use. The city was one of the most filthy, immoral & indecent places I ever was in. The second night after we left there were sev eral killed in a fight between the American & Portu guese, one of which was a passenger in the Geo. Wash ington. She was expecting to have sailed in company with us but the Capt. was detained in consequence of the difficulty mentioned above. His name was Hilliard, an old acquaintance of Capt. Greens. AA'hile at anchor we were alarmed about the middle of the night with the report of a Pistol & the cry of murder frora the Bark Stafford. They subsequently cut off all communication from other vessels & it is supposed that one of their number was killed & to prevent the seizure & detention of the Ship by the Consul, this mode was adopted. , , , We left there however the 19th May from thence to Staten Island (which is nearly up with Cape Horn). VA^e had a long & boisterous passage having to take in sail several tiraes & lay to almost under bare poles. AA'e were all very much disappointed in doubling the Cape for there, above all other places, we expected head winds & rough weather; but without detention we were soon heading in a contrary direction having exchanged the Atlantic scenery for that of the Pacific which is not very dissimilar I can assure you being on board of the same Ship, the same Co. & the same pursuits. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 369 AA'e have seen whales frequently of different species, sperm have been the mc^t numerous. The quarter boat has been lowered several times in calm weather to cluiL-e Bkukfish & the only one that was killed sunk. AA'e were at Robinson Crusoe's Island the 12th of June when we got a raft of water 80 bis. which lasted us about 30 days. It was the most wild & romar.tic sp.ol almost of which the mind can imagine. The Island was once used as a place of banishment for female convicts from the coast of Chili; but is now the place of -15 \(.\- untary exiles men women & children hardly any two cf which were from the same country. One was a Yankee from the State of Maine about 28 yrs. The fish were very abundant near shore. AA'e fished with hooks for an hour or two & caught 85, several kinds of which re sembled those caught in the waters of L. I. Upon the Island were wild Horses, Gcats, Hogs, Pigeons &:. The only supply of fresh provisions that we obtained from the shore was one bag of potatoes & a few wild raddish tops. I am anxious to get where we can ha\e ^¦egetables again. I eat but very little meat. Some of it is very good & some is not. The Sag Harbor hams are nearly spoiled. They were salted without taking out the bones & the greater part of them had turned more or less blue before they were opened & besides that they smelled rather stale. Our Ship has become comparatively tight to what she was before we went into port. After the Southeast trades left us the winds were very light until we ran as far North as 18° & then we took the winds from the North which lasted with us with the exception of slight variations until we arrived opposite the entrance of San Francisco Bay. I don't think that Capt. G. has carried sail upon the ship as hard as some others that are with us would have done if they had the chance. He said of Mr. Rhodes one morning after having carried away the foretop gallant mast that he was generally a careful man to carry sail. Capt. G. is a man who says but little ; but is po-ssessed of good judgment & very efficient in per forming the duties of his station. He says that this ex pedition will be to him either a gold chain or a halter. 360 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON When in the vicinity of Cape Horn with the snow capped mountains upon our beam 30 or 40 miles distant & the sun to the far north whose altitude at noon did not exceed what it did with you one hour after it had risen, was a sight that many of us never expected to see & never wish to see again in our born days. The weather was cold & stormy & more than half of the crew were ofif duty sick. We had no conveniences for making fires & to keep anyway comfortable we had to go to bed & put on- a plenty of covering, I must tell you how the 4th of July was observed. A meeting was held nearly a week previous at which a Marshall & 5 Assistant Marshalls were chosen to raake arrangeraents, prepare the toasts, select the pieces to be sung &c. The morning was one of the most delightful of the month. An awning was spread over the greater part of the deck, a platform was raised for the speaker Mr, A. H. Sandford of Southold & seats for the singers & musicians & then for the whole Ships Co. The lower hold was broken into for a pipe of gin which was found to be mostly leaked out. A table was spread nearly the length of the deck at which all sat down except the cooks & stewards. The bill of fare consisted of fresh Porpoise in different styles, salt Pork & Beef, hard & soft bread, plura Puddings together with several kinds of pies. After partaking of these the regular & volunteer Toasts (which were many in number) were drunk — cold water. Lemonade, cider, wine. Gin & Brandy were the drinks used upon the occasion. After the table was re moved music & dancing was joined in by that part of the Ships Co. who had a taste for it. I was surprised to see some of our oldest men dance so well. Capt P from S. Hampton & Capt. Case frora Shelter lid I consider araong the best performers. During this part of the per formance a paper came out edited by John H. Green called the Pacific News which was full of fun, wit & humor. It also gave an account of the proceedings up to the time it was issued, together with a notice of the different professions of persons on board & where they could be found if their services were needed by the pub lic. After tea 11 Ethiopians, musicians, singers & per- HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 381 formers presented themselves agreable to notice & en tertained the Co, until about 9>^ when they began to file oflf & retire to bed. Although I was acquainted both with the faces & voices of the Jumbo players yet I don't think I should have found out who they all were had 1 not been told. Every one in the Ship seemed to enjoy the hilarity of the day. I should hke to have seen little AA alters looks & actions upon the occasion. For several weeks past the mind has been upon the stretch in anticipating our arrival in Cal. & also in get ting the necessary work done before our arrival. Sev eral different kinds of Goldwashers have been made; a large & small scow the first of which Capt. G. thinks will carry 25 tons ; also a variety of other articles too numer ous to mention. San Francisco Aug. 10th 1849. AA^e arrived at this place yesterday. The date of the previous part of this sheet found us in sight of land 50 miles to the northward of this port but on account of fogs & calms we did not arrive until two days afterwards. The 8th a boat crew went ashore from the Ship, saw wild cattle & horses. Deer, Seals, Ducks &c &c. This place is unlike anything I e^ er have seen before a description of whicli I know not how to gi\'e for I know not where to begin. Seeing is beleiving & inasmuch as you cannot see I am afraid you will not believe me if I give you unexagerated facts. My testimony must be to corroborate the principal statements made in public & private letters as well as that of the press in general. The harbour on account of the amount of shipping & the hurry & bustle witnessed resembled N. Y. on the Pacific I can assure 3^011. The City is much larger than I expected to see. I have no idea of the amount of its inhabitants. They seem to be comin.g & .going all the time & every nook & corner is full of as heterogeneous a mass as almost ever congre gated together. The place extends about 134 along the Bav & about half the distance back. The buildings are of the frailest & cheapest kind. A great many firms carry on business under large tents. I should think thefts might be frequent when property was left thus ex posed ; but it is said that robberies are seldom commit- 362 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON ted. As to Gold & Silver it is almost as plenty as sand is with you. You see by the papers how prices range. Some articles on account of their plentifulness in mar ket are already cheaper than they are in the States, but other articles sell for more than 5 times their prime cost. Gambhng is carried on in a wholesale manner. Wm. Allen cheered us as we passed the ship he was in (the Sylph ol^,'Q.). . . . New York [Cal,] Sunday evening, Aug. 12th. We came to this place yesterday with the Ship — got aground when near the harbour. Today we have lightened her & put out two anchors & hauled her off. This place is 45 miles from San Francisco at the head of Ship navigation. The Sabina is the first ship up this far. CoL Stevenson has given us 3 lots to induce us to come here & make it headquarters for the Co. We are expecting to put up a house here. It is a place just laid off at the junction of the Sacramento & Sanjoakin. We shall probably divide & go up both rivers in a few days. Tell Mr. Dunster that if to make money is his object it can be done very fast here — common labourers get $8 pr. day, carpenters $15 & $18, Seamen $150 pr. month, Geo, Sayre, Jehials son, has been at work for that price he told rae. Gold is not as abundant it is said as 5 or 9 months ago but by close application it is made profitable. I cannot tell what the average is. Some say an ounce a day. Mr. Woodbridge is at Stockton 45 or 50 miles up the San Joaquin. We went ashore today & held a meet ing. The Revd. Mr. Smith from Mass. invited us ashore for that purpose. His family are with him — have been here about a month. Wednesday 15th. , , , The Co, held a meeting today to transact some important business, AA'e are told that but one Co, has held together & I should not be surprised if we disbanded before the expiration of the time specified in the Const, We have got through strip ping the Ship pretty much & shall probably start as soon as Monday for the diggins, AVhere my station will be I know not. The work is represented to be of the hardest kind; but peace & order are observed by the miners & mens rights are respected. The business is said to be a HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 383 healthy one. . . . Austin' Jagger wishes to be remembered, . . . I shall probably not be in circumstances to write you again for some months as we shall have no conveniences at the mines. AA'e have over 100 miles to go by water & then one day's journey by land. The ground is so precipi tous that it is with great difficulty that supplies are transported. Almost everything they say sells for a dol lar a pound at the mines. In San Francisco one of our Co, paid $6 for a dinner but it was an oyster stew. No. 4. New York of the Pacific Jan, 23, 1850 As Mr. J, Conkhn of Sag harbor is expecting to leave us in a few days for home I cannot permit so fav ourable an opportunity to pas's without writing you. Our affairs stand very much as they did when I wrote you last, Mr, AA'arren & George Burnet have come down to the Ship & will probably stay until the weather raakes it right for them to return to the mines which will likely not be before April. They complain of the weather being very cold & stormy & not suitable to work at mining for a considerable part of the time. They speak very well of the diggins where they were upon Deer Creek & I think they did a very good business while they remained there. Capt. Howell for reasons best known to himself did not go in the Albany but is here & messes with A, Rogers & their claims ought to be duly respected by all the cook ing fraternity except Capt. Green. Capt. B. R. Green has gone mate of the Ship Washington to Sandwich Isl ands & from thence to China & home & it may be 8 or 10 months before they reach there. Peter Howell has ,eone 2d raate & D. F. Parker & Isaac 'Van Scoy of Sag Harbour also in the same ship. The latter as steward. Our cook Alphonso Boardman has had his right hand blown off at S. Francisco by the bursting of a gun. How he is now I don't know. AA'e have heard nothing from our miners since Mr. AA'arren came down. A hard time was anticipated by them this winter. The weather thus far at the ship has not been as bad as I expected. AVe 364 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON have had a considerable of rainy weather, but not much snow or cold weather. The water in the rivers has been very high for more than a week «Sz; Sacramento City is said to be from 5 to 7 feet under water. They propose raising a levee when the waters abate & a considerable amount has been subscribed for that purpose. An im mense amount of property has been damaged & lost & thousands of cattle, horses & mules have perished. Men are moving ofif in boats & in almost every other possible way to the hills for encampment. Several other towns in the upper country are in almost as bad a fix, S, Francisco is ankle deep in liquid mud & in some places it needs long legged Boots & a cane to sound the depth of the mud to prevent getting stalled, "as the Hoosiers say." Capt, Green mentions of a man who undertook to carry a lady across the street while he was there. He fell & you can judge as well as myself what kind of a predicament they were in exposed as they were to the gaze of the public. . , , Sales have been dull at the ship for a few weeks past but we think when the spring opens it will be brisk again, Stephen Halsey &c have arrived at S, Francisco, Samuel has had a letter from him & thinks they may be up here before long, , , Mr, Ross who once ran a stage across Shelter Island is here sick with dysentery & to appearances near his end. He came out in the lozva, S, Harbour, (He brought about $2000 in Gold dust with him to the Ship, He had been teaming, truck ing &c before he was taken sick & had done well.) The sick of our Co. who are at the Ship are all better & able to do for themselves. The messes are as follows: Capt. G. & son, 2d Capt, Parker, Capt, Halsey & Isham, 3d Capts, Howell & Rogers, 4th Rhodes & J, Rogers, 5th Mr, Conklin, Saml. Halsey & Geo. Burnet. 6th Mr. Warren, A. Hildreth & Spencer Sayre. 7th Sandford & Jagger. Comers & goers have to crowd in where they can get the best chance. I ara sorry to hear of the anticipated departure of so many from our town for California. I fear if thev do not lose their lives or health, they will regret it them selves. There are already raany in the Country who are HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 365 not doing as well as they might at home. If any one does remarkably well it is known & told of & the facts in the case exagerated, but those who raake a failure of it, are among those who are not reported. There is Gold here pretty plenty & no mistake, but where one raakes a fortune at mining, nine others will fail at it & they make as rauch of an effort to secure it (so I am told) as the one who is successful, Mr. S. & myself have been talk ing about going into business together after we get through with the business at the ship. , . . There are so many of our company starting for horae that you will get all the news I expect & more too. No, 5, New York of the Pacific March 20th, 1850, , . This CaHfornia is a great & there are a great many physiognomys in it, no two of which are alike. There are some that I shall recollect I hope as long as I live. There are others I shall take no partic ular pains to remember. Just think of it representatives from almost every part of the globe ; every hue of face & character almost; but the state of morals is not as low as one might imagine. There is said to be more justice than law exercised over the community. Gold, gold, gold is the topic of conversation among all classes & conditions of men & few, perhaps none, but wish a little more of the glittering treasure than they are now in possession of. Men here, as everywhere, have very capacious desires ; but let me tell you that few that pursue an honest calling here will return home with their desires satisfied; nor will their anticipations be reahzed in the easy accumulation of wealth, . . . The Gold is here without mistake; but so far as I have become acquainted with miners few make fortunes cora pared with the raany who suffer the hardships & priva tions incident to such a life. . . . We have a large inventory still in the Ship to be dis posed of. There is about $5000 in cash on hand. The party at the ship is large, mostly from Southampton. In addition to our own Co. we have Lewis Howell, Stephen Jagger, Albert Halsey, Stephen Halsey, Howell Cor with, William Fordham & William Foster, They are 366 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON waiting for the weather to change so they can start for the mines without too much exposure, 'We have had a squally raonth thus far with very high winds. Our Ship drew her anchors about a week ago & now lies nearly in the raouth of the River Sanjoachin rauch to the annoy ance of vessels that wish to pass. Our boat, the smallest one, also broke loose & it was with a considecable exer tion that we got her again, not however without wet coats & skins too, for it was raining a streak. I received a letter from 'VA'm. H, Post about 10 days since. He was at Honolulu & was getting better, thought he should be ready to start back this month. Thinks he should not now have been alive had he re mained at the Ship, Several others think so too, . . . Nathan was as fat as a hog & tough as a loon. . . Capt. AA'm. Post & W^m. AVhite have been to the Ship nearly a week , . , & are going back to the same diggins in a few days, (It is the rough & ready diggins I think,) They had heard nothing frora us or from' home since last Oct. until they fell in with one of our Co. at Sacramento on their way down. , , , Capt. L. Ludlow & brother we have just heard have raade $1,000 between them, Austin Lewis & J, H, Fields were probably in the same neighborhood, Peter Reeves started with them but died on their way out & was bur ied at Mormon Island, I wrote to his father of the cir curastances as mentioned in my letter frora Austin, I have written to S, B, Halsey's widow & Edward H. AA'hite's widow. . . . Mr. Ross died in a few days after Mr. Conklin left. No. 6. San Francisco March 24, 1850. Business has very unexpectedly called me to this place. This is the sabbath. I am at the house of my roommate & write you a few hasty lines. AA'e went to hear the Revd Mr. AA'illiaras preach this raorning. His subject was the prosperity & declination of the Chris tian, his text the ."5 Epistle of John 2d verse. The congre gation were asserabled in the basement of the Custom house & the seats were nearly all filled with well dressed & attentive listeners mostly gentleraen frora 18 to 50. A HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 367 small sprinkling of ladies say about a dozen. Ladies are now frequently seen walking the streets. About 200 have recently arrived from Sydney. I doubt whether the morals of the Community will be improved by their introduction. They can make money in an honest way & I hope they will. One lady that I know at N. York [Cal.] who has lost her husband since she came out here is now getting her $200 pr. month at common house work. The Ocean Steamer is hourly looked for, we expect to see AA'm. Payne, S. White, C. Bishop & others from S. I hope they will be prospered after they reach here for every body who submits to the hardships & priva tions consequent to a miner's life deserves good pay for it. I hope that health will be enjoyed & prized by them. I must now add two more to our list who have ex changed temporal for eternal realities, viz John Crook of Hognek — he raarried a daughter of Mr. Seth Corwin. The other was Daniel B. Glover of Southold, who had made proposals to me to go to the Sandwich Isl. & operate at our different trades & mess together & divide the profits. As a Co. death has broken into our ranks frequently. Few have been so unfortunate. The Henry Lee of 130 has lost 11. The Jacob M. Ryerson has lost one sixth of her Co. AA'e have just heard that one of the sail boats that we broueht out 8z sold was upset & 4 persons drowned & about $12,000 in money lost. I am here upon the Ships business. . . , Capt, G. arrived the day previously. We brought down 20 bis. of Beef for Capt, Roice & shall send him more if we can get it down before he sails. He expects to leave about the first of next month. They are all well, I was on board of him & the Hamilton last evening. You undoubtedly will hear of the meeting on board the Sheffield on her pas sage out, Jeter Bishop has hired to go the voyage at $200 pr, month. They all have raised ideas as to the success of their voyage. Talk of getting 5000 in 90 days. I hope they will do it but sha'nt be disappointed if they don't. The Cadmus & Ann Mary Ann are looked for soon. It is astonishing what an amount of shipping there is in this port at present, I think I never saw as 368 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON many ships in N, York at one time as may now be seen here. Large ships will not sell for as much as a boat that will carry 10 or 15 tons. The destruction of prop erty here in various ways is very great. If a person wants an article he will give a great price for it but if he don't want it, you can't give it to him. Clothing is plenty & cheap. Loads of it may be seen thrown into the street when perhaps it has not been worn more than a week or two & can buy new nearly as cheap as to have their dirty ones washed. If we all live to reach horae I guess there will be some men washers & men bakers who never served any regular apprenticeship at the business, I don't like to say whether or not we hke it. I ara expecting to go to the mines in about 3 weeks, I will endeavor to write you again before I start. I ex pect but seldom to have an opportunity of writing & perhaps not be able to receive letters from you for sorae raonths. On my way down I stopped one evening to see Mr. Woodbridge at Bonetia. He told me that he had sent for his family to come out with the Revd. Mr. Williams who expects to start in the next steamer to attend the meeting of the General Assembly & return with his family. Mr. Woodbridge seems to be pleased with the country & says that he expects to labour & die here. He marked out a way in which we could make raoney if you were only here, but I did not promise to send for you at present. If I should send for you I don't much b'lieve you would come & I think you would not be greatly to blame either. To tell you the candid truth about it this country what they call Californy is scarcely fit for white folks to live in at present whether they be male or fe male. Just think of it, mud half knee deep several months in the year. And then again as many' raonths more without a drop of rain & the ground as dry as ashes to be moved with the wind like the great African deserts so that almost every pore of the skin demands water, water, water to remove the hateful load. Again just think of a climate that frequently in sumraer & fall var ies in temperature from 40° to 50° during the 24 hours. I should like a little of the gold that lies hid in the bowels HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 369 of the earth in this country & I ask no more from it. It is bound to be a great country & no mistake but it is the gold that will bring settlers more than anything else. The morals of society are yet to be moulded & how is this to be done until American laws & institutions are introduced. Temperance, industry & morality, the handmaids of religion lie too dormant. Principles of right ought never to be sacrificed for pecuniary motives. And if I must labour upon the Sabbath or traflick in in toxicating drinks to the sacrifice of the principles of right & wrong in order to be rich I shrink from it for I know it would give me but little satisfaction through hfe. , . . One of our best custoraers at the Ship has recently committed suicide. He had bought very liberally & ex pected to buy nearly all that we had to dispose of in the ship. He shipped it to Stockton & then sent a part of it to the mines & the price went down so that he was likely to lose a considerable amount. It seemed to affect his mind very much & he cried like a child about it & re quested us to say nothing about it to any of their Co. fearing that they [would write] about it to his wife & raake her feel unpleasant about it. He was one of the Mt. Vernon Co. from Matapoiset. Soon after this he became dehrious took a large dose of laudunum, but re peated emetics being given, he threw it off, A few days after, not being closely watched, he obtained accesstothe medicine chest again, pryed it open, took down a large quantity of corrosive sublimate & it was not detected until it was too late to save his life, , , , He was professedly a pious man & I think Dea, of a church in the place where his family lives, March 27th 1850. The Ocean Steamer arrived yes terday about noon. No pasengers that I knew. . . , Those who are sailors or have good trades can get first rate wages without going to the mines. Produce is plenty & cheap, Lumber selling as low as $35 per Thous and, The Cadmus Co. must sink money like ourselves. The be=t they can do will be to disband. These Com panies are unfortunate concerns. An election was held here on Monday last, a very 370 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON exciting time indeed I will assure you. There were sev eral fights before its close. This place is iraproving rap idly. The hills are being dug down & the valleys filled. The comforts of a civilized Hfe will ere long be enjoyed. Many, I presume, feel as though they were permanent settlers here. There is a great excitement here about the richness of the Trinity diggins upon the upper Sac ramento & they are leaving by scores in Schooners up the coast in order that the land route may be shortened. No. 7 New York of the Pacific, April 7th 1850. The company held a meeting last week for the transaction of business & ordered the Ship to San- francisco & the effects to be sold within 30 days after her arrival, Mr. Sandford & Capt, Green were appointed agents to settle the concern, . , , He [Capt, G.] seemed to be anxious that Mr, S. & myself should be ap pointed & nominated us & said that he had the greatest confidence in us; but I had made previous arrange ments to go to the mines & had bought a tent & a con siderable part of my outfit & my partner, AVm. M, Parker, brother to John Parker the merchant of Sag Harbour had been waiting several weeks for ray terra of Office to expire in order that we raight go together. Capt, Wm. C, Haynes a Brother of Stephen Halsey's wife, proposes to be at 1/3 the expenses of the outfit & live with us & work by himself & we thought it to be economy for us to take him in & have done so. We are now very busy in making cradles &c to carry with us to seperate the Gold from the dirt. The greater part of the Co, have already gone to the mines. Those reraain ing are Mr, Rhodes, Capt, Howell, Spencer Sayre, one company, Capt. Parker & Lewis Howell another & are probably waiting for Mr, Payne to return to make a third partner. We have just heard of the arrival of the Tennessee & think he came in her, Albert Hildreth, Capt, Green & son Charles, Albert & James Rogers, Mr, Sandford, Capt. Haynes, Wm. M. Parker & the undersigned. From the representations made by Capt. Post & Wm. White the most of us have concluded to go to the Rough & Ready diggins in the neighborhood of HISTORY OF 'THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 371 Deer & Bear creeks. I hope we may all make our piles so that we can return home next winter. . . . The specimen I sent to Cad last fall we have heard was lost upon the Isthmus. Capt. Parker has had the misfortune to lose two in a different way. Pins of vir gin Gold have become very fashionable here. J. Rogers had attached pins to them & were in a cup of water in order to cleanse them. John Cook not knowing that it contained anything but water threw the whole of it into the River. Thus Ann & some one else may be disap pointed. The value was about $10. . , , The country where Gold exists is filling up fast with Yankees & almost every other nation & I ara ex ceedingly anxious to get there & make a claim before the whole mining district is taken up. The word is, still they come. Goods are very cheap here, in fact they sell for al most nothing. I bought 3 handsome sheets yesterday for .46, not that I wanted thera but no one bid above me & I had to take them. . I bought a good chest at the same auction for .25. Capt. Green bought a back load nearly of coats & pantaloons for about .25 to .50 cents a garment. A man don't want anything more than is actually necessary in this country where storage is so high, $1.50 per month. I wi5h half ray clothes were horae. . . . This Co. had about enough for a 5 years campaign when they left home, money excepted. Some few raake fortunes at raining; but the great mass have not done it & it is very doubtful whether they ever do. I think it yields a very fair profit however: but it is a life of exposure, hardships & privations; but it is an honest & honoral^le way of mak ing a li\ing & I came to this Eldorado to pursue it & pick up some of the pound lumps that chan~e raay throw in my way. So here we go with our shovels & picks upon our backs wiih a light quick step & a merry heart will scale the mountain side & turn the l:)ig rocks out by the roots & wash out the shining dust & take it home to our wi-vc;. children, sweethearts &c. I have put up y^ Bushel of Beans, 20 lbs cf Rice. 1 Ham. 15 lbs. dried ap ples &-C & shall cook some beef & pork to eat upon the 372 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON way & depend mostly upon buying after we get out there. . . . Potatoes are worth ,20, Onions ,75 per lb. Bread & meat is cheap & Lumber is worth but Httle more than the cost price at horae. New York of the Pacific, April 14th 1850, The Ship is now hauled off into the stream waiting a fair wind to go down to San Francisco, We have been quite busy the past week in getting up the anchors which were badly fouled, bending sails & landing goods, taking an inventory of what remains on board &c, ... I am anxious to get to the mines & raay not wait for the Ship. Capt. Parker, Mr. L. Howell, A, Rogers & Capt, Haynes, Parker & Jagger expect to buy a whaleboat, take their effects into it & put up the river as soon as we can get ready. . . , The Cadmus & Ann Mary Ann have been reported in the Pacific & are expected every day. The report of the arrival of the Tennessee proved false. We have just heard that Capt, B, Green left the Washington at Sandwich Id, & took command of a ship for Sydney for coal & iron thence to Sanfrancisco, I think it very probable that Wm. H. Post & Nathan have gone with him. ... I don't see where S. White, Wm, Payne & co, can be, I doubt whether a county in the U, S, A, in proportion to its population has sent more representatives to Cal, than old Suffolk. April 17th. We have today been buying Lumber with which to build a boat to go up the River with, Capt, Howell, Mr. Rhodes, Spencer Sayre, Capt. Haynes Parker & Jagger think of going to the Rough & Ready diggins, Capt, Parker, L, Howell & Capt, Rogers ex pect to go higher up upon the Uber, They propose that I start tomorrow for S, & do my own business & get some few things, letters &c for them & they will build the boat while I am gone & then we will be ready to start together, I don't know what A, Hildreth & J, Rogers will do. They still remain on board the ship. The wind has been ahead ever since we hauled the Ship ofif & no pilot & no way provided to get her down. The boards for a boat we bought of Mr, Eaton who con tracted to build the Church in Southampton, Thursday evening 18th. Mr. Payne arrived here HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 373 this rnorning. Came in the Tennessee. He left the rest of 1 he Co, upon the Isthmus waiting for the Sarah Sands She will be up he thinks in about 2 w teks. Commenced our boat today, I expect to start for Sanfrancisco in the morning. Capt. Payne, Wm. M, Parker & myself saved a man from drowning today. He fell from the Steamer Governor Dana. He forgot to thank us being considerably chilled & fatigued, AA'e have heard by Capt, Payne of the death of Capt. Geo, Corwin at San francisco. He came out master of the Huron, S, Har bour. San Francisco Apr, 23d, . . . The Panama has just arrived with about 40,000 letters, I shall stand around tomorrow in order to receive 1 or more. Those sent by S, AA'hite or C. Bishop I' shall not expect to get for some weeks yet. No. 8 Wolf Creek, Cal,, June 19th 1850. . . . It is a kind of broken day with me which affords me a little leisure tirae to write & here in the mountainous part of Cal. under the shade of a large pine seated upon the ground with a tin pan in ray lap for a desk I have coraraenced to write an epistle, . . . This forenoon I was out on a short prospecting tour with Mr. AA'arren (who has just recovered frora a sick ness of several weeks standing) in search for new dig gins, , , . I will enclose one little piece that I washed out with a pan which Mr, W, says looks Hke a human face, the back side of which looks as though man's art had had something to do to bring it into its present shape. I am now trying to make a mess of soup; so you see that we Californians have to be our own cooks, tailors, cobblers, washerwomen, nurses &c &c, AVm. M. Parker is sick. . , , The rest of our Co, are all upon duty as far as I know. AVe had a long passage up the River owing to the strong head current. AA'e went first to Nevada City upon Deer Creek & after looking around a few days thought it best to turn a sec tion of the River about two miles above the town which we afterwards put out to Wm. French & EH Fordham for 1/3 of the net proceeds.. They have taken in George 374 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Shaw & are at work upon it. They had not made much when we last heard from them, I must stop here & say that our Co, is composed at present of 7 men viz : Henry Loper, Daniel Smith, John Petty, Job Hedges, Capt. Wm. Haynes, Wm. M. Parker & the undersigned, all Suffolk Co, men. We next moved over to Grass Valley where Capt, Post & Wm, White spent the winter & as Job & myself washed out in two days about $50 we thought to be sure we were on the road to wealth, but we soon ran the lead out & now can scarcely make our board. We turned the creek here too, but in the bed of it found nothing. Next was Bear River about 15 miles distant where Capt. Post, Geo. Burnet, Stephen Jagger, John Cook, Capt. Edward Halsey & E. B. Isham had gone. Here another section was turned taking about 3 weeks to dig the race & put in the dam & is now paying but about $5 to the man. Only 3 are now at work there. Capt. Post & Burnet, Jagger & Cook have found a spot where they raake as we suppose about $15 to $20 per day to the man. Capt. Haines & D. Smith have started for the north Uber thinking it to be our last resort, Wm. White is also in Company with thera. If they make no discoveries that will justify us in moving there we shall probably dissolve partnership after their return. It is evident that the cream has been taken oflf, of diggins that have already been discovered, so that at present it is a precarious business & not as profitable as raost other kinds that are followed in this country. The Greens, Capt, Parker & Son, Lewis Howell, Capt, Payne, Capt, Rogers, Edwin Halsey, AVra, Topping & Geo. Sayre & others are camped about y^ oi a. mile from us. Their success thus far has been about upon an average with ours. You must not be surprised to see me at home by the first of Jan. raeeting with so man}^ discour agements may turn me that way sooner than I expected. It is a constant scene of excitement. AVe have to live in a kind of primitive style — no tables, no chairs, stools or benches, no stoves, fireplaces or ovens to cook in. Simple, plain way of living this but by no raeans cheap in the mines nearly 250 miles from Sanfrancisco. Almost everything is from .30 to $1.50 per lb. at retail. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 375 Molasses $4 per Gallon, Vinegar $3 & so on in that ratio. A man that makes nothing must reduce his purse fast. Capt. Howell, H. Rhodes, & Spencer Sayre stopped at Gold run & I believe are there still. It is about 4 or 5 railes distant. . . . Our boat we could not sell & we left her at the town of Nicholas thinking that we might go down in her when we are ready to return. The Indians have been very troublesome & danger ous & now as a treaty has been made with them we hope for peace & safety. The AA'hites I think have been far more to blame than the Indians as they (many of them) would shoot them down Hke wolves or bears whenever they would come across them & now as they have retali ated in showing hostility to the whites a war of extermi nation is the motto of too many. . . . Payne, How ell, the Greens & Co. have been buying mules prepara tory to going up the Uber. June 23d. , , . AVe have found better diggins & have moved our Long Tom there (a machine for wash ing). . . . AA'e are joined with Mr. AA'arren & Co. until our partners get back. In the use of washers that are used now to a considerable extent it requires more help than with a cradle, . , , Men now resort con siderably to stealing, Rhodes & Spencer Sayre have had stolen from them about $80 each. I saw a man flogged a few days ago for stealing a mule, 30 lashes upon his naked back were put on. No. 9. Bear River, Cal, August 25th 1850. On the 4th of July we dissolved partnership & Haynes, Parker & rayself have been at work together ever since. , . If diggins do not fail us we shall probably remain about two months longer upon this River & then go down to San Francisco & fit out for the southern mines & hope to be able to return next Spring, The mining districts are fast filling up with emi grants who have just corae in from the States across the plains. The most of them are at work for small pay, some for Httle more than their board. . . , 376 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON We have heard that Capt, Rogers & Wm, Payne left the mines for the States more than a month since. Capt, Edward Halsey & E, B. Ishara met with an acci dent about 2 weeks since by the bursting of a powder horn containing about 1 lb, of Powder. . . . Capt. Post, Wm. White & John, Geo. Burnet, Wm. Penny, Wm, Halsey, Westhampton, Stephen Jagger & J, Cook are well I believe, . , , Capt. Parker & Son, L, Howell, the Greens, Geo, White, Geo, Herrick &c &c are on the Uber, Thomas Warren started for San Fran cisco unwell in company with Mr, Loper & D, Smith, Rhodes & Capt, Howell went soon after, , , , Spen cer is at Rough & Ready diggins. I hope a fortune will attend him for his perserverance, . , , We have heard that the dividend from the Sabina is $350 pr share. . . . We have heard that [Capt, Green] has bought the 5"a6wa that cost us $8000 for $1150, . . . No. 10. Bear River, Nov, 3d 1850, Haynes & Parker left for the southern mines via San Francisco about the middle of Sept, I thought it too early for dry diggins & concluded to re main, , , , Soon after they left I joined with Capt. Edward W. Halsey & E. B. Isham & we have since then done first rate & have now concluded to spend the winter at or near Grass Valley. , . . Capt, H, has gone over to Grass Valley to cut logs with which to build a house, Isham & myself are going in a few days as we have nearly worked out our claim here. The miners have nearly all left the River except some few who are preparing to spend the winter here. It is get ting too cold for river diggings where raen have to be wet every daj^. We have laid in a part of a winter's supply of pro visions to the amount of about $300. The mule that we keep for packing, together with the saddle & Bridle cost $156. Hitherto he has been very good about not stray ing away but the poor fellow came very nigh being starved by getting his larriet caught between two large trees that had blown down. AA'hen I found him he had eaten one of the trees, which had somewhat decayed. HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 377 more than one quarter of the way off. The tree was be tween the size of a barrel & a Hogshead. AA'e could not tell how long he had been fast but suppose from 4 days to a week. Now we generally see hira as often as once in two days. My valise & other things that I did not absolutely need at present when I came to this River I left at Capt. Posts house in Grass Valley. The house after Mr. War ren left was broken open twice & things taken away. It was said to be Indians but I think very Hkely they had white faces. . . . Isham has been there recently & says that my vaHse is cut open & he thinks every thing taken away except a towel. ... I sent by Capt. Post for a few things from the ship & would have sent for raore had I known of this misfortune before he left. The Halseys from Canb [?] Geo. Burnet, AA'm. Penny, Spencer Sayre, AA'm, Topping, EH Fordham, Geo. & Hal sey Sayre, Job Hedges, Capt, Post, AA'm. Flalsey, AA'est- hampton, Thomas AA'allace & others that I could raen tion are expecting to winter around Grass Valley. Geo. Herrick, D. Howell, & Pyrrhus we hear have returned. Capt. Green has sold the Sabina to one of "Johny Bull's" subjects. Centreville Nov. 10. AA'e have been at work upon our house ever since we have been here. It stands within 10 rods of Capt. Post's. We finished it last night. It is 13 by 15. Two small windows or rather air holes which are made so small that a man cannot crawl into them. A chimney with stone back & jambs & sticks & mud above. Dirt floor. AA'e have about J4 dozen shelves put up — the table, benches & other furni ture we shall make up evenings or stormy days. AA'e expect to go to work tomorrow throwing up dirt ready to wash. The house has not cost us quite $50 out of pocket & we think we shall be much raore comfortable than we should be in a tent. Our work will probably be a mile or more from home as it was a considerable part of the time during the summer. AA'e had a hard time packing over. For the first 3 or 4 miles the road was rough & dangerous & we had the mule down 3 tiraes, had to cut the pack ropes to enable him to get up; but 378 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON did not injure him any as he lay very quiet until he was relieved from his burden. Just before we left an Indian & white man were shot about IJ^ or 2 miles from us. The white man received the Indian into his tent & they drank together. He became tired of his company & told him to "vanioise," but he would not. He told him if he did not he would shoot him. The Indian soon began to move off, however, & the white man drew up his Rifle & shot him dead. He then endeavoured to make his es cape; but the Indians mustered & pursued after him & killed him. It is astonishing to see the change that has taken place here since I left only a little more than 4 months since. Then perhaps there was from 10 to 15 houses scattered around the valley. Now I think it probable that there is between 100 & 150. There are two 9 pin alleys & a large Hotel & grog shops & stores in abundance. The town is about }i oi a. mile from our house upon the opposite side of the valley in full view. (In regard to the Greens & D. Howell I have heard dif ferently since I have been here.) John AA'hite & AA'm., together with Charles Howell have gone to the Sand wich Islands & will probably go upon a whaling voyage if they can get an opportunity. . . J. Rogers has started in business in Sanfrancisco. I found my things in a worse condition than I expected. Almost every thing of any value was stolen, your miniature & all. That I feel more sorry about than anything else. The Cholera is quite prevalent at Sacramento City tak ing ofif as its victims over a hundred a day as has been reported here. . . The citizens have been fleeing for some time in almost every direction. No. 11. Sah Francisco, Jan. 14th 1851. . . I spent the night with AA'm. H. Post & Nathan on board the Deucalia & thought I would write this morning before I went on shore. . . AA''e had a severe storm one night & a tree was blown down upon a house in which four men resided. One was killed, another had his leg fractured, a third hurt in the head considerably & the fourth escaped unhurt, A few days later another tree that stood in the'town street was con- HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 379 sidered unsafe & in falling it pretty much demoHshed 4 houses. . . . The night before Christmas a ball was held in town & kept up about all night; as rum went in, reason went out. They became abusive & quarrelsome & one man was shot dead in making his escape in the street. AA'e heard the report of the gun just as we were starting to work, say about yi hour be fore sunrise. An examination was had but nothing done about it. Such I think would not have been the case before laws were introduced, While the miners were the lawmakers & law executers. , . , Capt, Babcock of the Marcus, S, H, is expecting to go back with me, , , . No. 12. Centreville Feb. 2d 1851. Our little corapany of 3 is dissolved by rau tual consent. Ishara goes North upon Feather River in a few days in Co. with Capt. AA'm. Post & AA'm. S. Hal sey AA' H'n. Capt. Halsey & rayself continue together & are expecting to spend the summer upon Bear River near where we worked last season. . . AA''e have heard nothing from Stephen Jagger & J. Cook since they went away last. Mr. Petty, Eh Fordhara, & John Marshall have gone to Indian Creek near where Pyrrhus left last fall. Capt. Sweeny, Geo. Burnet, Wm. Penny & several others are expecting to go up to Feather River. I don't know of any Long Islanders that expect to locate upon Bear River but Capt. H. Sz: myself. The diggins are not rich enough for thera. Wm. M. Parker . left in the early part of winter around Cape Horn. . . Next fall I think there will be a thinning out for the States, Gold or no Gold. . . To close up, I'll tell you that I got kicked twice with our scamp of a mule before I reached Bear River. Once he kicked me hard — one foot struck me in the hip & the other in the side & hurt me considerably. If Capt. H. had not plead in his behalf I think he would have been hurt back about as bad for after the second kick I felt just Hke it. No. 13. Steep Canion — Bear River, March 30th, 1851. Here we are in an almost secluded spot in a 380 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON kind of wilderniss, hemmed in with mountains & forests that a short time ago were inhabited only by wild beasts & human beings scarcely less wild. Since I have intro duced this I will say a few words in reference to the na tives. First a description of them is necessary. In size they are about medium, some few of them large & well proportioned, in colour about like the half-breeds at the south, with black straight hair & low foreheads. Their living consists of wild game, roots & nuts. In their habits they are filthy & indolent. Their dress now is generally of American style, although you see some of them entirely naked. It is thought by sorae that the in troduction of clothing araong them will be the means of shortening rather than prolonging life among them. Their ornaraents are beads, birds, feathers & squirrel's tails. The ears of many of them are cut & huge pieces of wood worn as ornaraents. Frora the top of their heads as low as their breasts you see them daubed over with a black sticky mixture resembling tar as much as anything you can iraagine. Some think this is done upon mourning occasions. The men are very expert with the bow & arrow & I have seen them at quite a dis tance frora the' object shoot with great precision. The arrow is made of a piece of reed, with stone or glass points made very sharp. I bought one that I intended to take home with me but it has been stolen, A few words now in regard to our location, manner of living &c may be as interesting, as to lengthen out the story of the Indians. Well, we are located within 40 Rods of the place where we struck our tent last fall. AA'"e have a tier of logs rolled up, enclosing a space about as large as a common sized pig pen, one end of which an swers (with a few large stones laid up against the logs) for a fire-place & the other to spread down quilts, blank ets &c to sleep upon & in the morning roll them up out of the way. The intermediate space is for pro^-isions, cooking apparatus &c. The roof is an old tent sus pended over the ridge pole & naild to the logs upon the sides. It smokes prodigiously sometimes. Our living now we think to be pretty good. Our bill of fare is as follows, Horae made bread as good as the best. It is HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 381 made of yeast, flour & a little salt & grease. It is kneaded up early in the morning & baked in an iron kettle at night & is nearly as light as a cork, I believe I can make as good bread as you now, I wont say any thing about competing with mother. AA'ell, we some times have fresh venison or beef which is quite a relief from the monotonous salt junk style of living. In ad dition to this we have porridge occasionally & now & then we have boiled potatoes or dried apples stewed, for sauce. Any & all, all these we relish with a good appe tite, particularly after a "big" day's work. The molasses I almost forgot to mention which is a very good substi tute for sweetmeats, done up in real old fashioned Yan kee style. AA'e have a barrel that we owned in Co. with Capt. Post & 5 or 7 others, for which we paid in gold dust $100. This we laid in last fall & is now nearly gone. Provisions are selling now much cheaper than formerly & as competition increases & mining becomes less profitable, prices will go down until they are upon a par value with other things. Our River diggins have proved better than we expected when we commenced them. . , , There at present located within a ^ of a mile of us, nearly 50 men; among them is Capt. Sweeny, John Harrison, Edward Foster & Geo. Shaw Job Hedges & Spencer Sayre are about a mile above. AA'e have heard from Capt. Post & Isham once since they left. They were located upon Indian Creek. . 'Geo. AA'hite, Eli Fordham, John Marshall &c are near them. The City of Nevada has been pretty rauch burned down ; also large amount of goods. I have not heard whether AA'm. French lost anything by it or not. Capt. Babcock, Thos. Wallace & Erastus Glover, Thos, Glover's brother are still at Grass Valley, I have been gardening a little this spring in a small way, . , . Capt, Halsey says that if you see his AA'ife soon you must tell her that he is "fat, ragged & saucy & can eat his allowance without any difficulty," No, 14, Bear River May 4th 1851, there must be several [letters] for me somewhere. I don't believe the express carriers interest 382 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON themselves except so far as pecuniary advantages are concerned & these ought not to be considered trifling for I have several times paid as high as $2.40 per letter & I think never less than $2.00. . . . Saml B. Halsey & H. Corwithe from Deer Creek staid with us on Mon day night last, they report the death of Capt. James Parker who died suddenly on the 29th of April at Indian Creek of what disease they know not. How our num bers are thinned off by death leaving wives & children to mourn the loss. No. 15. Bear River Sept. 28th 1851. It will be three weeks tomorrow since Capt. Halsey & his companions left here for home. , , . There is a tremendous rush for home this fall, alraost as great as in 1849 & 50 to get out here. Reports are in circula tion here that tickets for N. York are $300 & I with many others have made up my mind to stay until spring, . , , If I get very homesick perhaps I may take a sailing vessel. In either case I shall probably write you from San Francisco, Oct, 5th 1851, if you can give me any information about those who have taken the new route home I should be glad, I mean Vanderbelts via Lake Nicaragua, how it compares with the land transit by Panama, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 883 APPENDIX XX CAPT. MERCATOR COOPER'S VOYAGE TO JAPAN (By F, C. Winslow, M, D,, pubHshed in the "Sea men's Friend," of Honolulu, Oahu, S, I,, Feb. 2, 1846. Vol, IV, No, 3, Dr. Winslow, who received this story from Capt, Cooper's own mouth, said that it raight be wholly relied upon for truthfulness,) "It was about the first of April (1845) as Capt. Coo per was proceeding toward the whaling regions of the northern ocean, that he passed in the neighborhood of St, Peter's a small island lying a few degrees S. E, of Nippon. It was comparatively barren and supposed to be uninhabited; but being near it, Capt, Cooper thought he would explore the shore for turtle to afford his ship's company some refreshment, "VA'hile tracing the shore along he discovered a pinnace of curious construction which resembled some what those he had seen in the China Seas. "Turning his walks inlands he entered a valley, where he unexpectedly saw, at some distance from him, several persons in uncouth dresses, who appeared alarmed at his intrusion, and immediately fled to some more secluded part of the valley. He continued his walk and soon came to a hut, where were collected eleven men, whom he afterward found to be Japanese. As he approached them, they came forward and prostrated themselves to the earth before him, and remained on their faces some time. They were much alarmed and expected to be destroyed, but Capt, Cooper, with great kindness reconciled them to his presence, and learned by signs that they had been shipwrecked on St, Peter's many months before. He took them to the shore, pointed to his vessel and inforraed them that he would take thera to Jeddo, if they would entrust themselves to his care. They consented with great joy; and abandon ing everything they had on the island, embarked with him immediately for his ship. 384 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON "Capt. Cooper determined to proceed at once for Jeddo, the capital of the Japanese Empire, notwithstand ing its well-known regulations prohibiting American and other foreign vessels to enter its waters. The Captain had two great and laudable objects in view. The first was to restore the shipwrecked strangers to their homes. The other was to make a strong and favorable irapres sion on the government, in respect to the civilization of the United States, and its friendly disposition to the Em peror and people of Japan, How he succeeded in the latter object the sequel will show; and I will make but few remarks either on the benevolence or boldness of Capt, Cooper's resolution, or its ultiraate consequence touching the intercourse of Japan with other nations. The step decided upon however, has led to some curious and interesting information relative to the country, whose institutions and the habits of whose people are but little known to the civilized world, "Capt. Cooper left St, Peter's, and after sailing a day or two in the direction of Nippon, he descried a huge and shapeless object on the ocean, which proved to be a Japanese ship or 'junk' as these vessels are called, wrecked and in a sinking condition. She was from a port on the extreme north of Nippon, with a cargo of pickled salmon, bound for Jeddo, She had been shattered and dismantled some weeks previous, and was drifting about the ocean at the mercy of the winds, and, as a gale arose the following day, the Captain thinks she must have sunk. From this ship he took eleven men more — all Japanese — and made sail again for the shores of Nippon. Among the articles taken from the wreck by its officers, were some books and a chart of the principal islands composing the Empire of Japan. This chart I shall speak of in detail, hereafter; and it is, perhaps, one of the most interesting specimens of geographical art and literature which has ever wandered from the shores of Eastern Asia. "In making the land, our navigator found himself considerably to the north of Jeddo; but approaching near the coast, he landed in his boat, accompanied by one or two of his passengers. Flere he noticed many of the HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 385 inhabitants employed in fishing at various distances from land. The natives he met on shore were mostly fisher men, and all appeared to belong to the common or lower classes of society. They seemed intelligent and happy, were pleased with his visit and made no objection to his landing, "From this place he dispatched one of his passen gers to the Emperor, who was at Jeddo, with the intelli gence of his intention or wish, to enter the harbor of the Capital with his ship, for the purpose of landing the men whom he had found under such distressing circum stances, and to obtain water and other necessaries to enable him to proceed on his voyage. He then returned to his ship, and sailing along the coast for many leagues, compared his own charts with the one taken from the wreck. The winds becoming unfavorable, however, he was driven away from the land so far, that after they changed, it took him a week to recover a position near the place where he first landed, "He went on shore again, dispatched two other pas sengers to the Capital with the same information that he had previously sent, and the reasons of his detention, "He sailed again for Jeddo and the winds proving auspicious, in due time he entered the mouth of the bay, deep within which the city is situated, "As he sailed along the passage a barge met him coraing from the city, in command of a person who, from his rich dress, appeared to be an officer of rank and consequence. "'This personage informed him that his raessenger had arrived at court, and that the Eraperor had granted him permission to come up to Jeddo with his ship. He was, however, directed to anchor under a certain head land for the night, and the next morning was towed up to his anchorage within a furlong of the city. "The ship was immediately visited by a great num ber of people of all ranks, from the Governor of Jeddo and the high officers attached to the person of the Em peror, arrayed in golden and gorgeous tunics, to the lowest menials of the government, clothed in rags. All were filled with an insatiable curiosity to see the Strang- 386 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON ers, and inspect the thousand novelties presented to their view. "Capt. Cooper was very soon informed by a native interpreter who had been taught Dutch, and who could speak a few words of English, but who could talk still raore intelligently by signs, that neither he or his crew would be allowed to go out of the ship, and that if they should attempt it, they would be put to death. This fact was communicated by the very significant symbol of drawing a naked sword across the throat, "The Captain dealt kindly with all, obtained their confidence, and assured thera he had no inclination to transgress their laws, but only desired to make known to the Emperor and the great officers of Japan, the kindly feelings of himself and the people of America toward them and their countrymen. "The Japanese seamen who had been taken from the desolate island, and from the wreck, when parting from their preserver, manifested the warmest affection and gratitude for his kindness. They clung to him and shed many tears. The scene, the report of the ship wrecked men, of the many kindnesses they had received -—and the uniformly prudent and amicable deportment of the Araerican captain made a very favorable irapres sion on the Governor of Jeddo. During his stay this great dignitary treated hira with the most distinguished civility and kindness. "But neither Captain or crew of the Manhattan were allowed to go over her side. Officers were kept on board continually to prevent any infraction of this regu lation, and the more securely to insure its maintenance, and prevent all communication with the shore, the ship was surrounded and guarded by three circular barriers of boats. Each circle was about one hundred feet asun der, and the inner one about one hundred feet from the ihip. In the first circle the boats were tied to a hawser so compactly that their sides touched each other, and that nothing could pass between or break through them. The sterns of the boats were next the ship, and in these were erected long lances, and other steel weapons of various and curious forms, such as are never seen or HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 387 heard of among European nations. Sometimes they were covered Avith lacquered sheaths, at others they were left to glisten in the sun, apparently for the pur pose of informing the foreigners that their application would follow any attempt to pass them, Araong these were mingled flags and banners of various colors and devices, "In the raiddle of this circle, between the Manhat tan and the city, was stationed a large junk, in which the officers resided, who commanded the guard sur rounding the ship. The boats composing the second circle were not so numerous, and those in the third were more scattered still; but the number thus employed was almost bewildering to look upon. They amounted to nearly a thousand, and were all armed and orna mented in a similar manner. "It was a scene of the most intense interest and amusement to the Americans, the most of whom had never heard of the strange custom of this secluded and almost unknown people. As magnificent and wonderful a spectacle, however, as this vast array of boats pre sented during the day, decorated with gaudy banners and with glittering spears, in the night it was exceeded by a display of lanterns in such countless nurabers, and of such shapes and transparencies, as alraost to entrance the beholders, and to remind them of the magic in the Arabian Tales. "The character and rigor of the guard stationed about the ship was at one time accidentally put to a test. "The Captain wishing to repair one of his boats attempted to lower it from the cranes to the water, in order to take it in over the vessel's side. All of the Jap- anese on board immediately drew their swords. The officer in charge of the deck guard appeared greatly alarmed at the procedure, remonstrated kindly, but with great earnestness against it, and declared to .Capt. Coo per that they should be slain if they permitted it, and that his own head would be in danger, if he persisted in the act. The Captain assured the offlcer that he had no intention to go ashore and explained to him clearly what his object was. When it was fully understood 388 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON great pleasure was manifested by the Japanese officer. He commanded the crew who were managing the boat to leave it and set a host of his menials to the work, who took it into the ship without allowing it to touch the water. "The Manhattan was at anchor in the harbor of Japan for four da).s during which time the Captain was supplied by comraand of the Emperor with wood, water, rice, rye in the grain, vegetables of various kinds, and some crockery coraposed of the lacquered ware of the country. He was recruited with everything he stood in need, and all remuneration was refused. But he was told explicitly never to come again to Japan, for if he did, he would greatly displease the Emperor. During the four days he had many conversations with the Governor, and other persons of rank, through their interpreter. In one of these he was informed by the Governor that the only reason he was allowed to remain in the waters of Japan was because the Emperor felt assured that he could not be a bad-hearted foreigner, by his having come so far out of his way to bring poor persons to their native country, who were wholly strangers to him. PIc was told that the Emperor thought well of his 'heart' and had consequently cora manded all his officers to treat him with raarked at tention, and to supply all his wants. The day before he left the Emperor sent him his autograph, as the most notable token of his own respect and consideration. It is often said that the greatest men are most careless in their chirography, and in this case the imperial hand would support the truth of the remark, by the size, the boldness of its characters, appeared as if a half-grown chicken had stepped into muddy water and then walked two or 'three times deliberately over a sheet of coarse paper, than like any other print to which I can imagine a resemblance. "Among the books taken from the wreck was a sraall one in the form like a note book, filled with fig ures of various and eccentric forms, and pictures of spears and battle-axes of strange and anomalous pat terns. Under each were characters, probably explana- HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 389 tory of the objects attached to thera. Both figure and character were neatly and beautifully executed, and they presented the appearance of having been issued from a press of type copper plate like the plates of as tronomical and other scientific works. This Httle book attracted Capt, Cooper's attention, and excited his cur iosity to such a degree, that, after noticing sirailar fig ures embroidered in gold on the tunics of the high of^ ficers, he ventured to inquire their explanation. He then learned that it was a kind of an illustration of the heraldry of the Empire — a record of the armorial en signs of the different ranks of officers and the nobility existing in the country, Capt, Cooper allowed me to examine this book, and it appeared to me to be a great curiosity, both as a specimen of typographical art, and giving us information of the numerous grades of Jap anese aristocracy, and the insignia by which they raay be distinguished. These figures were wrought always on the back of the officer's tunic, and the weapon which appertained to his rank corresponded with the one drawn under the ensign in the book alluded to. Each grade of officer commanded a body of men whose weapons were of a particular and given shape, and those weapons were used by no others under an officer of diflferent grade, or wearing a different badge on his tunic, "In conversation with the Governor, when the lat ter told our navigator that he raust never corae to Japan again, Capt, Cooper asked him how he would like hira to act under the same circumstanf^es. The Gov ernor was somewhat disconcerted — shrugged his shoul ders — and evaded by replying that 'he must not come again !' Capt, Cooper then asked him 'If he should leave his countryraen to starve or drown, when it was in his power to take them from another wreck?' He intimated that it would please the Emperor more for them to be left than for strangers to visit his dominions, Capt. Cooper told him that he would never see them drown or starve, but should rescue them and feed them; and then inquired what he should do with them. The Governor replied 'carry them to some Dutch port, but 390 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON never come to Japan again.' This was all spoken by the Governor with mildness but with firmness also, as if he uttered the iraperial will. The Governor of Jeddo is represented to be a grave and elderly looking man, somwhat grey, with a reraarkably intelligent and be nignant countenance and of very mild and prepossess ing manners. He appeared interested with Capt. Coo- .per's account of the people and civilization of America, and the latter spared no pains to leave a good impres sion of the American name and character, especially as a trading people, on the minds of those high officers whose position might carry them into audience with their sovereign. "The day Capt. Cooper left the country the inter preter gave him an open letter written in the Dutch language, with a bold and skillful hand — Mr. Lingren, the clerk in the Consulate, a gentleman learned in many languages of Northern Europe, has translated it, and stated to me the leading ideas contained therein. The docuraent inforras the world that the bearer of it has furnished assistance to Japanese sailors in distress, and had brought them to their native land — and then coii. mands all Dutchmen, who may encounter him ship wrecked and in want,- to afford him similar services. It further declares for the information of Holland and China, the only nations in the world with which they have any commercial treaty, or who are allowed within the waters of the Empire, that the persons within the foreign ship had been allowed no communication with the shore, and had been strictly debarred from all knowledge of the commodities or commerce of the country. Furthermore, that the foreign ship had been a long tirae at sea, and become destitute of wood, water and provisions, and that the government had furnished the recruits of which she was in need. "It was early in April when Capt. Cooper visited Japan; and he represents the climate and appearance of the country to be pleasant and lovely in the extreme. Wherever he inspected the coast, the whole earth teemed with the most luxurious verdure. Every acre of hill and dale appeared to be in the highest state of HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 391 cultivation, AA'here the eminences were too steep for cultivation, for the agricultural genius of the inhabi tants, they were formed into terraces, so that for miles together, they presented the appearance of hanging gardens. "Nuraerous white, neat-looking dwellings studded the whole country. Sorae of them were so charmingly situated on sloping hillsides, and sequestered amidst foHage of a fresh and living green, that the delighted mariners almost sighed to transplant their homes there — the spots were so sunny, so inviting, so peaceful. The whole appearance of the landscape indicated a dense and industrious population. Around the Capital, the signs of culture were exhibited as in the country further north. "The city, itself, was so filled with trees and foliage, that not houses enough could be distinguished to indi cate with certainty that a city existed, or to allow the circuit of it to be defined, iThe buildings were white and rather low, and no towers or temples were seen peering above the other edifices. "The harbor of Jeddo presented a maritime pop ulation as numerous and industrious as appears to exist on the land. Vessels of all sorts and sizes, from mere shallops to imraense junks, were under sail or at anchor, •wherever the eye turned on the bay. Jeddo seeraed to be the mart of a prodigious coastwise commerce, and the whole sea was alive with the bustle and activity ap pertaining to it. "The Japanese, from Capt., Cooper's observations, are rather a short race of raen, square built and soHd and do not possess Mongolian features to the extent exhibited in the Chinese. They are of a light olive complexion, are intelligent, poHte and educated. "The dresses of the common people were wide trousers and a loose garment of blue cotton. Digni taries and persons of consequence were clothed in rich silks, profusely embroidered with gold and silken thread of various colors. "Sorae of these personages were so splendidly at tired, as to excite the great adrairation of the foreign 392 HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON visitors. No woolen fabric composed any part of their tunic, but of this material they seemed particularly cur ious, and examined it with great attention. It seemed a great novelty, and all the small pieces they could ob tain were solicited and taken on shore as objects of curiosity. "But the map of which I spoke in the early part of this communication is perhaps one of the most inter esting illustrations of Japanese civilization which has come into our possession. It embraces the island of Nippon, all the islands south of it, and a small part of Jeddo on the north. It is four feet long, and nearly as broad, and when folded up resembles a common church music book, handsomely bound in boards. As will be perceived, the islands are projected on an uncommonly large scale, the minutest indentations in the coast, with all the trading ports, large and small, are laid down, apparently after actual surve3rs. Capt. Cooper found the coast which he followed to be correctly delineated by his astronoraical observations, and his own charts of Nippon were altogether erroneous. The tracks of the coast-wise trade are traced throughout the whole group, frora Jesso to Nagasaki. But the most interest ing part of this production is the topography of the in terior of the islands. They are laid out in districts and variously colored, like the states in our Republic, in • Mitchell's map. The smallest villages are denoted and named. The residence of the governor in each district, and other public establishments occupying less ground are also delineated. They are all in enclosures of differ ent shape and coloring, and from the uniformity of these in appearance and number, in every district, we may suppose that the administration of the government of Japan, is conducted with great system, "This is in accordance with our previous knowledge of the country. The rivers, even their smallest tribu taries are all traced to their sources. The nuraber and extent of these streams is surprising. No country of its size can be more abundently watered than Nippon. The streams are so numerous, that the whole interior has the appearance of being irrigated by countless ca- HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 393 nals, but they are evidently river channels, and can all be followed from their sources in the valleys to their junction with each other and their termination in the sea. The public roads are exceedingly numerous, in tersecting the whole country from shore to shore, and indicating a vast amount of travel throughout the em pire. In several parts, high mountains are laid down in dark coloring. These occur occasionally in small groups and occupy but little space. The general ap pearance of the country is that of bold and lofty hills alternating with great numbers of broad valleys. All pour forth rills and fertiHze the earth as they flow along, and aft'ord a thousand advantages and encourage ments to an industrious population engaged like the Japanese in agriculture and commercial arts. The whole empire swarms with towns and hamlets. It is almost impossible to conceive its populousness without an inspection of the map. "On one side of the sheet is a large amount of un intelligible writing which appears to be explanatory of the figures, characters, roads, etc., delineated in the different districts on the map. If interpreted, it raight furnish us with rauch novel inforraation. "This map, with several other articles in Capt. Cooper's possession, was accidentally left in the ship by the Japanese. They desired to give him many things which they perceived were interesting to him, but they assured him they would be in danger of losing their heads should the Emperor learn that they had furnished strangers with any raeans of information relative to their country or its institutions. They showed great and real alarm on this subject and concealed and de stroyed many things as they neared Jeddo, which had been about the ship. Capt. Cooper took no advantage of their dependent situation, but allowed them to fol low their own incHnations in all respects. "Having laid at anchor for four days and replen ished his stores of wood, water, etc., he signified his readiness to depart, but the winds were adverse, and it was impossible for him to get to sea. There seemed to be no disposition manifested by the government to 394 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON force him away, but there was none for him to remain a moment beyond the time when his wants had been satisfied, A head wind and the tide presented no im pediments to going away from Japan, in the mind of the Governor of Jeddo, At his command, the anchor was weighed, and a line of boats was attached to the bow of the ship, so long that they could not be num bered. They were arranged four abreast, proceeded in the greatest order, and were supposed to amount to nearly a thousand. It was an immense train, and pre sented a spectacle to the eyes of the seamen, approach ing the marvelous, "The boats, instead of being propelled by rowing, or paddle, were all sculled by a single oar, employed, however, by several men. In this manner the Manhat tan was towed twenty railes out to sea, and the officer in charge of the fleet would have taken her a greater distance, had not further aid been' declined, "The Japanese then took a courteous leave of Capt, Cooper, and while the long train of barges wheeled with a slow and graceful raotion toward the shore, the Capt. spread his sails for the less hospitable regions of Karas- chatka and the N. W. coast, highly gratified with the result of his adventure among this recluse, but highly civihzed people." HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOU'THAMPTON 395 APPENDIX XXI LIST OF SOLDIERS AND SAILORS IN CIVIL WAR The following are the names of persons who en gaged in the militar)' and naval service of the United States, in the AA'ar of the Rebellion, from the Town of Southampton, (including whole village of Sag Harbor), [See also T. R. Vol. IV p. 335 et seq.. Hedges Centen nial Address, and contemporary newspapers,] Armstrong, Robert Arch, Ephraim Atkins, William Aldershaw, Thos, H. Boyenton, John W. Babcock, Gilbert R. Bailey, Wm, B. Byron, John Brown, William H, Bakeman, James Barclay, James H. Bechtel, Andrew J. Benedict, Robert F. Brown, Charles H. Beebe, Daniel Benedict, Robt. J. Brown, Charles L. Brooker, John R, Bacon, James H. Bill, Edward Brown, David E, Brennant, Alexander Bemabo, Joseph Bernhardt, Geo, H. Betts, John Bitser, Constantine L. Bell, Geo, A. Brudgeworth, Fred. Brudgeworth, Henry Brackley, James H. Bradley, John B, Bolloini, Vincerizo Bennett, James M, Baxter, Francis Brewin, George Bears, Orlando Bab^ck, Lodowick Bill, Robert Brown, David E. Bachelor, Josephs S. Boyenton, John W. Beckwith, Thomas Bennett, William W. Burke, John W. Bushnell, Charles Bishop, Charles R. Bishop, Wm, N. Brooker, William N. Bone, Joseph S. Beckitt, Andrew Brown, Silas E. Bone, John J. Bogue, Andrew B. Baker, Henry L. Brewer, Nathan Crowell, Stephen H. Chester, William Conklin, John A. Collet, William H, Conklin, William C. Corey, William Corey, Joseph H. Cochran, Jas. Corey, Joseph H, " Carroll, Thomas Cook, Charles P. Corey, Henry J. Cosman, Edward Canning, Michael Colla, Guisippe Carroll, Michael Cooper, James H. Coleman, Patrick Clenken, John Crown, Arthur Cornell, John Caffer, Frank Curban, Charles Crocker, Marshall Creery, James Collins, Patrick Comelle, John C. Corwin, John L. Chester, Wm. H. 396 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Cullum, Richard Carroll, John Carroll, Thomas Collum, Sam'l P. Conklin, William Cook, Edward D. Corcoran, James Conner, Hickford Conklin, H. T. Conklin, George Conklin, John Craven, John Colvin, Samuel B. Crowell, Benjamin H. Culver, George Dowel, Michael Dimon, Nathan H. Downs, James A. Dayton, Andrew Dayton, Chas. W. Downs, George W. Divine, John Downs, John Dunham, Dwight F. DeBevoise, Abraham Davlin, James J. Drumm, Thaddeous Dwyer, Philip Dominara, John P. Dillon, David Drew, John Derain, Patrick Dickinson, Charles Dicks, John Dillon, Edward Dillon, Henr.y • Dow, Michael Dowd, William Edwards, Charles N. Ellison, John Edwards, Charles M. Edwards, Roger Ellsworth, Robert M. Elliston, Joshua Enos, Abraham Elliston, Joseph Endman, Frederick W. Edwards, Edmond B. Edwards, Charles W. Edwards, Orlando S. Edwards, Oliver S. Edwards, Benj. W. Edwards, Chas. Dix Edwards, Silas C. Edwards, Lewis J. Edwards, Eli H, Edwards, Henry L. Edwards, Henry G. Edwards, Marcus B. Eldredge, George A. Ellsworth, Jesse Edwards, James L, Edwards, Elbert P. Posbert, Albert Foster, William B. Foster, Josiah Fanning, Wesley Foster, Austin A, Foster, James B, Fordred, Wm, J,, Jr. Fordred, Drayson Frederick, Charles A. Farley, James French, Charles Fay, John Fitzgerald, James Francis, Romagnola Francis, Roger A. French, Peter Fordham, Elbert Pinkenauer, Geo. E. Fordham, Chas. H. Gough, John D, Green, James M, Green, James K. Gordon, Daniel D. Goodman, James D. Goodall, Charles E. Goodall, James M, Gregory, Dennis Griffing, James E. GriflBng, Sidney Griffing, Sidney S. Germain, John Green, Charles Garcia, Artema Gilmore, Robt, J, Gleason, G. H, Gonsales, Peter Garaghan, Henry T. Gilmore, Robert Green, Henry Gorman, John Halsey, Cornelius Hall, Wm. H, Halsey, Elmer E, Howell, Samuel W. Haines, Theodore F. Hand, Edwin C. Hayes, William Hand, Orlando Humphries, Arthur HIS'TORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 397 Halsey, Oliver Halsey, Albert A. Hildreth, Oscar A. Howell, John H. Haverstrite, Chas. Henry, Robert Howland, Dennis J. Howell, Isaac Hand, George M. Hedges, J. Lodowick Hildreth, Isaac N. Homan, Gilbert Howell, John Havens, Joseph A. Howell, James L. Havens, Austin Howell, James R, Harris, Joseph C, Harris, William P, Howell, William G. Howell, Henry B. Havens, Henry H, Howell, Gilder Halsey, Charles E. Halsey, E. Sidney Halsey, Silas E. Havertrite, Charles B. Hennessey, James Hildreth, Isaac N. Handy, Aaron Hall, William H. Hedges, Lyman G. Hennigar, Charles W. Howland, Edson Hines, George Held, Eichard Hennis, Michael Hennigar, Chas. Halsey, William M. Homan, Charles E. Howell, Orlando Havens, Charles O. Havens, Charles C. Havens, Ripley Hand, Samuel Hunt, Edgar Z, Hunt1;ing, Henry H. Holton, William C. Harris, Charles C. Halsey, Jesse C. Halsey, Elmer E. Halsey, Charles Halsey, Albert N. Halsey, Henry Hunker, Flora Haley, Dennis Hand, Shamgar Hallock, Franklin B. Hallock, Benjamin F. Howland, Erastus Ingraham, Henry Jessup, Edmund A. Jessup, Charles L. Johnson, Thomas Jessup, Samuel D. Jewett, William Jaggar, Oscar L. Jessup, William P. Jacobs, Joseph W. Jackson, Charles A. Jacobs, John H, Jennings, Gilbert W. Jessup, John H. Jacobs, William S. Jackson, Barzillai Jacobson, Terence Jacobson, Hector Jacobs, William T. Jones, John Johnson, Alonzo Jones, Robert Jones, William Jackson, Francis Johnson, George Jennings, James T. Johnson, Rufus Jagger, Wm, S. Ketcham, Henry Kennedy, Patrick Ketcham, Darius N. King, Henry B. King, Harvey B. Kine, Bernard Kitson, John Knapp, D, Edward Kingsland, Oscar R. King, Parker D. Knapp, George M. King, George C. King, Horace Kelly, Edward King, Charles King, Wilson B. Lsars, G, Liscomb, Joseph Loper, Henry J. Loper, Benjamin Loper, Abraham B. Loper, Thomas S. Loper, Thos. A. Luiges, Grain Lacy, George W. 398 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON Lautenchlager, Adol Linden, Franz Lyons, James Larkens, James Loper, George Lynch, Michael Lovejoy, John F. Loper, Charles L, Lowen, William, Jr. Ludlow, Chauncey Ludlow, Silas Leek, David C. Loper, Henry Loper, Oscar Montcalm, John A. Moore, Henry McGloc, John Moore, Thomas Mooney, Francis J. Marran, Thomas Miller, Nathaniel J. Miller, Geo. Miller, Abraham Miller, A. H. Meigs, Edgar C. Marren, Thomas McDonald, Charles Mayer, David Murphy, James McCarthy, Michael Merton, Charles Morris, John Moulton, Willard R. Mallay, John McGrath, John Murphy, William Morin, Peter Mann, William Moore, Thomas McMinn, William Morris, George C. Miller, Eleazar D. Miller, Wm, B, Miller, Charles Mooney, John F. Morgan, Henry McDonald, Michael Miller, Nathaniel McGuirk, John Mullen, James McMahon, John McGuirk, Prank Myers, Anthony Nicoll, Theodore Noonan, Darius Oldershaw, A, E, Overton, Richard H. Overton, Edward N. Osgood, George O'Brien, Henry O'Connor, James Pierson, N. H. Payne, Charles Pierson, Enoch Pierson, Alson Parker, Giles Pollard, George H. Pedro, Joseph Pigeon, George Pavne, Thomas B, Poiley, William L. Pierson, David Pye, WiUiam C, Penny, Alexander H. Payne, Jeremiah Post, James H. Pigeon, Stephen Perea, Jacquin Parblau, Thomas M. Parker, Charles Parker, Frank Payton, James Phillips, William E. Payne, Robert H. Pavne, Charles C. Phillips, Clinton R. Pounder, Edward Pierson, Alonzo Pierson Alanson Payne, Elisha H. Payne, Elias R. Perkins, George Parker, Henry Payne, Benj, S. Payne, Charles Potter, John Poiley, Samuel M. Payne, Huntting M. Payne, Lafayette H. Quinn, John Riker, Frederic Redfield. Charles Rhody, Hugh Ryder, William H. Ryland, William Rose, Frederick H, Rogers, Benjamin F. Raynor, John W. Raynor, William C. Roberts, Edward P, Robinson, John G. Reid, H, A, HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMPTON 3G0 Regan, Robt. Robinson, James T. Rudd, John Rose, Edwin Robinson, George G. Reney, John, Jr. Roe, Thomas Redfield, Charies A. Redfield, Henry J. Rine Peter Riley, James Riley, John Rafferty, John Reely, Edward Roberts, Edward P. Riley, Peter Robinson, Floyd Rugg, George B. Rogers, David J, Reason, Thomas Rhodes, Sidney Rogers, Charles N. Ready, James Snoote, John Sylve, Joseph Sauires, Stephen Schafer, Christy Sandford, Henry H. S'quires, Henry Sears, G«orge H. Stanley, William Squires, George P. Sayre, James S. Sayre, Matthew H, Skidmore, Henry A. Smith, Francis Stevens, Edward Squires, Edward L. Strong, James M, Squires, George P, Short, John Sterhani, Cesar Smith, Martin Smith, Peter Savage, Henry A, Sweezy, Richard M, Seabury, Jacob Sisart, Francis Snow, Elisha Stanbrough, Isaac Sherman, George R. Sherman, George B, Sehellinger, George R, Smith, John C, Strong, Chas. H. Smith, Geo, W, Stanbrough, Jamea Stanton, Oscar F. Stanton, Jos. B. Speacer, Daniel Sythes, William Strong, Thos. H. Sherrill, David S. Sylviera, Wm. W. Squires, Charles Stevens, Hiram Tully, Walter Tinker, Chas. W. Tuttle, John A, Tuttle, George H. Terrell, LaFayette Tuttle, William J. Topping, Wm. Owen Topping, M, Howell Terry, Jesse A. Terry, James B. Talmage, William H. Topping, Edward Taylor, Peter Tompkins, James Taylor, Thomas G. Todds, Henry Taylor, Edward C. Thompson, Wilbert F. Tuttle, Noah P. Tuttle, Cyrus D, Talmage, William H. Thatford, Henry C. Topping, Albert E. Topping, James R. VanHouten, James A. VanNess, Adolphus Wright, Nathan H. Worthington, Edwin D. Warner, S, W, Warner, Thos. Warner, Wm. H. Woods, David Wal^h, Nicholas Williams, Harry Wade, Charles B. Webb, Job Wines, Hiram W. Welch, James Woodward, Alfred Weed, George A. Warren, Timothy Whittle, Peter Williams, William F. Wadley, Fredrio J. Wadley, Joseph Whitney, Charies 400 HISTORY OF THE TOWN OF SOUTHAMP'TON Whitney, George Ware, George W. Wick, William H. Walker, John H. White, Hurbert A. White, Peter, Jr. Wells, Morgan L. Wanns, Alfred Wiley, Henry J. Wilkinson, Joseph H. Winters, George W. Williamson, Wm, N, Williamson, Edward J. Wynch, Michael Willis, Charles Willis, William Weeks, George Winters, William S. Youngs, John F. INDEX XOTE. — Individual names are entered, however spelled in early records under family names as spelled to-day. Xames of ships are treated, of course, as units, e. g:., W. W. Coit as an inidvidual is indexed under C . as a ship it is found inde.ved under W. Abby 316 Abi.sail 314-316-318 Acadians 139 Acasta 237-322-324-:^26-328- 330-332-338 Acoback River 1 Acklev, F 337 Adams. J. Q 226 Adventure, 123 et seq, 294 et seq. Agra warn 41 Agreement. Fordham 275 Woolworth 2S7 et ^eq .Alabama -~^ Albany 213 .¦Vlbany 363 Albatross 244 Alciooe 330-334 Aldershaw. Thos. H 395 Aldrich. Mrs. J. H 159-225 Jas. H 225 Alexander 332 Alknomac 316 Allen, Frank H 156 Capt 322 Wm 362 Amaeansett 218-350-351 Amelia 237 America 314 American, 320-322-.^? J-326- 32S-330-332-334 American Fa^le, &c 163 American House, see Inns. .A.merman O. V '....15S Ameth vst 231 Am=den, Robt 29S Andes 237-318-320 Andes Shoal 2:J9 Andrews, Lumun 15s Mr. 223 Andros. Gov. ...92-111-141-145 See also Patents, Ann, 324-326-328-330-332-336 340-342 Ann JIary Ann, 237-334-367-372 .Anti sra 142 Arabella. 320-322-324-326- 328-330-334-336 Arabian g-old 130 .Arbuthnot, ^'Ice Adm 173 Arg-onaut 318-320-322 Armstrong, Robt 395 Arch, Ephraim 395 -Arno'd, Edward 206 William 307 Arsenal, Sag H 1S7-188-204 Articles of .A.ssociation. 166-170 Artisan 214 Ascension. Island of 12."i Atkins. Wm 395 .Atlantic House, see Inns. .Atlanticville 2i." -Augusta 239-314 .Austen's Pond, see Ponds. .Austin, Ca'">t. .Tames 344 Babbitt. John M 223 Babcock Cant., 328-330-334- 338 -346- 340-348-342-3 'fi- 379-381 Hedges 340-344 Gilbert ' R. ".'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. .395 Lodowick 395 Babylon 215-218 Bachelor, J. S 395 Bacon. James H 395 Baer. Faucis V 225 Bailey. William B 395 Baird. Jos 158 Bakeman, James ?9.t Baker, .lonathan 307 Daniel 307 Xathan 310 Fdw. JI 323 Cant 330-334-3J0 Henrv L ^95 Balaena 346-348 Bald Hill 2-R Baldwin. Capt., 334-336-33S-3 ' 0 Bans-s. W^m 22 4 Banishment 99-105 Farbadoes ..58-142-143-2,17-3 19 Barbara 330-332-33 i 'Barclay, James H 395 Barker, Wm. . . . 77-140-283-2,S6 Barnard, Capt 314 402 INDEX Barnes (Barns), Wm, ...51-228 Joshua 90 Wm. Guthrie 156 Isaac 310 Capt 324-328-330 Earnhardt, John W 158 Barrett, Richard, 51-97-100-228 Bartlett, Horace 158 Bears, Orlando 395 Barton, W, H 22 4 Baxter, Faucis 395 Bayard. 324-326-330-332-336- 338-340-342 Bay of Islands 329 Baypoose 14 Beach, formation 8 Bear Creek, Cal,. 371-374-375-376-379-381-382 Bears is- ¦) Beaver Dam 17 Beavers 17 Bechtel, Andrew J 395 Beckitt, Andrew 395 Beckwith, Thos 395 Bedford 173 Bedford, Eng 72 Beebe, Mr 153 Lester 162 Thos 162-188' Jabez 310 Daniel 395 Beers, Mrs, Miranda 150 Daniel 223 Behring's Id 238 Behring Strait 233-238 Bell, Geo. A 395 Bellomont, Earl of,' 127-128-130-131-143 Bellows, Daniel T 1!)7 Belt, pirates' 129 Benedict, Robt, P 395 Robt. J 395 Benedict's Creek 54-7 4 Benjamin, John 307 Bennett, Wm,, Mrs 154 Wm. S 206 Benj 309 Samuel 310 Capt 328-330-332-336 Jas. M 395 Lewis L 330 W. W. . , ,. 395 Bernabo, Jos 395 Bernhardt, Geo. H 395 Berwind, J. E 14-153-253 Beswick, John 113 Betsey 314 Betts, F, H 25 2 John 395 Bill, Edward 395 Robert 395 Bill of lading 14 9 Bingham, Amos 223 Bishop, Josiah 308 Samuel 308 George 311 Capt 326-332-336 John 328-334 James 336 C 367-373 Jetur ; ,367 Chas, R 395 Wm. N 395 Bitser, C, L 395 Black Eagle 237-340-342 Blackwell, Mai 187 Blatz, H 224 Blessing of the Bay . , ,43-44-45 Bliss, E, W 157 Block Island 70-125-126 Blois, Sir John 253 Bloomingdale 137 Boardman, Alphonso 363 Bogart, David S 137 Bogue, Aaron 156 Andrew B 395 Bolloini V 395 Bonan, Simon 127-128-298 Bond, Robt 51-228-229 David 311 Bone, J, J 395 Jos, S 395 Bonetia Cal 368 Books 110 et seq-220-221 Booth, John F 158 Borneo 122-124-295 Bostock, Arthur 51-228 Boston, 57-91-142-146-154- 163-165-166 Bosworth, D. A 223 Bottome. Francis 223 Boundaries, 1-2-12-50-77-102-150 Bound trees 102 Bovard, M. T 158 Bowdish, A. C 224 Bower, Daniel 308 Bowyer (Boyer), Stephen, 268-269-270-271-272-307 Boyenton, John W 395 Brackley, J. H 395 Bradish, Joseph 123 et seq, 296 et sen. Bradley, J. B 395 Branford 55-72-82 Brant, Sam 244 Brazil, 160-233-238-315-317- 319-321-323 Brazil 316 Bread, Allen, 46-47-53-257- 259-260-264-266 Brennant, Alex 395 Brewer, Nathan 395 Brewin, Geo 395 Brewster, Mr 76 Bricks 113 Bridgehampton Harbor ....148 Bridgehampton Milling Co. .153 Bridges Sag Pond 86-122 North Haven ....148-151-217 Payne's 161 Brien. John 224 Briggs, Capt 330-332-334 Brooker, John R 395 Wm. N 3 95 Brookhaven 90-121-350 Brother 213 Browne, Wm 97-290 Brown, James 104-138-287 Mrs. J. B 1 R7 O. E 223 Thos., 234-237-326-328-330- 332-33 4-336-338-3 40-3 4 2-3 4 4 Wade & 237 Henry 312 Samuel 312 John 322 Capt,, 330-332-334-336-338-342 INDE.X 403 Geo. R 340 Wm. H 395 Chas. H 395 Chas. L 395 David E 395 Silas E 395 Brudseworth, Fred 395 Henry 395 Br. iieni?n lather 22;:.-252 Brushy Plain • 122 Bryant, Wm. Cullen 220 Buchanan, Jlury 226 Buckskill 22 Budd, John, 234-237-307-332- 336-338-3 10 -3 -2-044 Buell, Saml 138-175 Mary 138 Buft'aloes 17 Bull Head 133 Bunker Capt 316 Burials' 81-109-136 Burke, J.W. ". . . 395 Burnet, Thos 51-228 Joel S3 Mathias 1S3 Xelson 206 David 307 Aron 307 Joseph 509 George, 353-357-363-364- 374-376-377-379 Burroughs, Stephen 219 Burying Grounds — Sagaponack 81 Mecox Si-S5 Hay Ground s; i - 1 ¦" >; Poxabogue 81-136 Bridgehampton 81-136 Sag Harbor, 147-150-15 4- 161-173-239 Southampton 2"7 Bushnell, Samuel 158 Chas 395 Butler, Pierce 122 Byfield, Thos 106 Byram, Eliab 187 Byrne, Father 2" 5 Byron, John 395 Cadmus, 237-320-322-324- 326- 32S- 330-332-334-338- 367-369-372 Caffer, Frank 39.t Calendar 47 Calve's Creek 9-S5 Cambridge, Mass 73-299 Camillus ..2^3-324-326-328-330 Camp Fdward H 1,'6 Camnbell, R. S 223 Candles 2ii0 Canning, Capt 332-33 4 Michael 395 Cannon. B'hampton, 205 et seq. Canoe Place, 12-29-41-50-.'i2- 264-266 Canons .Ashbv. Eng 81 Canterbury. Ct 138-175 Cai^e Pon Fsuerance 125 Cape May, X. J S3 Cane Nicola ]\iole 1^6 Carleton, Sir Guy 174 Caroline ...332-336-338-340-342 Carpenter, Coles 15 S Chas, W 15S Carr, Wm. M 22 4 Carroll, Thos 39o Jlicliael 395 John 396 Carle, Recompence 307 Carteret Gov 132 Cartwright, Capt.. 322-32 4- 326-332-336-340 Carwitliev. John 309 Case, Mai. B 189-195 Capt. 322-32 1-326-328-330- 3 3 2-33.-336-03 5-3 40-3 4 4- 360 Isaac M 32.! J. M 3 2 Cavanagh. Jas 26 2 Cedar Island 9-192-234 Cellars 52 Centreville, Cal 377-379 Chambers, Dr. P. F 252 Chapman, David 223 Charles II S7-Ss Charlestown, Mass 163 Charlotte 237-31S-3 0 Chafield, Thos 144 Chatham, Ct. . '. 160 Cherrv. Rev. J. F 252 Chesbrow. Will 76 Chester Ct 175 Chesler, D. L 133 Wm 395 Wm. H 395 Chimnies 113 Church. Chas. H 206 Churches — Fres^'vterian, P'^ani'"'! "in 46-71 et spii -lOJ-137- 172-372-223 -260 Presbyterian, B'hampton. 86 et seq-104-13S-224 Meth. So. H 137-223 New Light 138 Presbyterian, Sag H., 156-204-225 Episco-ral. Sae H. ...156-225 Baptist. Sag H 157-15S Methodist, Sag H., 157-1 5 ?-2'^5 Catholic Sag H 157-225 St. Andrews, So. H..2ii6-253 St. Ann's. B. H 219-253 Methodist. B. H 223-224 Catholic, So. H 252 St. John's So. H 253 Catholic. B. H 253 Circassian 247 Citi-en 332-336 Civil War 2 '6 Clark, Filmore 124-297 Theodosius 158 Moses 162 .Aaron 162 Danforth 225 George 2''2 David 310 Clarke, Sam'l, 7,S-S7-27 9-2Sl-2S3-2S6-?07 (nlrate) 131-1 43 Capt 2 12 James 307 John 30 S Elinhalet 309 Claudio 320 Clenken, John 396 404 Clerk of Band 101-107 Cleveland, Wm, Neal 223 Cliff Hill 147 Climate 15 et seq. Clinton, Gov 173-179 Sir He'nry 173 Clinton Academy 15-199 Clowes, Ernest S 16 Coast Guard 206 Cochrane, Ma.i. 172-lSl-182-l»ii James 395 Cockenoe 41 Coe. Robert 56 Coffing, Capt 318 Coleman, F 395 Coles, Thaddeus 152 Colla, G 395 Collet, Wm. H 395 Collins, Patrick 395 Colman, Judah 310 Colonial Assembly 122 Colonial Society, Southamp ton 51 Columbia, 32^-324-326-328-330-332-334-338-344 Colvin, S. B 396 Combination with Conn., 70- 272 et seq. Commerce, 140 et seq. -150-154 Concer, Pyrrhus ,,.351-377-379 Concordia. 238-326-328-332- 334-338-340-342-344-3 46 Condict, Walter 223 Congo 238 Conklin.Conkling, Joseph 151-156-233-314 Elizabeth 156 Edward 169 Stephen 198 S 213 Father 225 John 307-396 Eliackim 307 Capt 3 40 J 363 Mr 364-366 John A 395 Wm ?!qfi H. T !,', ,,'396 George 396 Wm. C 395 Conklin's Point 9-23'i Connecticut, 55-70-88-90-91- 92499-11,9-126-14 2-143-173- 176-177-272 et seq. (See also separate towns.) Conner, H 396 Conscience Point 60 Constable 101-107 Contra Costa Market 236 Convent Sacred Heart 225 Cood, Jonathan 198 Cook, A. M 14-179-193-206 Ellis, 51-83-84-101-107-114- 228-279-281 Augustus ¦"'4 Abiel 114-309 John, 1 32-23 1 -31 2-3 71 -3 7 4 -.•! 76-37 9 Luther D.. 160-151-157-217- 234-322-324-326-328-330- 332-334 Baldwin 206 INDEX Sullivan • . ¦ • ¦ ¦ ¦ • 22* & Green 234-334-338-338 Theophilus -o'n'a'qin gra^'^ ¦.'.¦.¦.'.'.¦.'.fot-Wl JonathaA". 309-312-169 Mitchell 312 Burnett 312 Abraham 312 Stephen 312 James . '. 312 Chas. P 395 Edward D 395 Cooper, ,Iohn. 17-46-53-57-58- 76-85-88-91-97-228-230-232- 259 - 260 - 266-279-281-294- 307-309 Thos., 51-57-58-84-133-228- 230-264-309-312 Wilbroe 57 Mary 57 Martha 57 Justice 103 Samuel 132 James 132-232-308 J. Fenimore 160-218-237 Zebulon 174-175 Abraham 174-232-307 Phineas M 198 Caleb . 222 Huntting, 23 4-23 7-3'2'2'-'3 2 4- 326-328-330-3 32-33 4-3 36- 338-3 4 0 Gilbert H 237-340-342 "Wm 237 W. & G. H 237-344-346 Mercator. 244-332-338-340- 383 et seq Josiah 288 Silas "«<( Simon 310 Capt., 320-322-324-326-328- 330 James H 395 Coote Jas isg Copp, Joseph A 156 Copsoage Gut 269 Corcoran, Jas 396 Corey, David 307 Corey, Braddock 15S Wm 395 Jos, H 395 Henry J 393 Cornbury, Lord ....142-143-144 Cornell, John 395 John C 395 Corrector ' '154 Corwin, Prank T\' .' 144 Jabez .187 John 307 H. & N., 322-324-32'6'-,32S- Seth 330-336 'e^'w''::''''''-'^^'^^ & Howell . . SS^ Geo ; 332 •lohn L Ill Corwith, Henrv , '(j'r'^cJ 'See also Carwi't'h'ey,)' ^"^^ y'- =¦ R 10., Augustus isx William .. Jf2 John . "S Howell ..'.' 288 060 H. .SS2 ^O"'}-. John 51-22.S C osninn, 1- dward 395 Cotton, John 106 Coiirtl.nnil. Col 127 Co% e. t;:i,a- H IIS t'ow Keepers 101 Cow Xeck 76 Crag. Or 115 Ciane Elias X 223 Cranes 1^ Craven, John 39il Cieery, .lames 395 Crescent 330-332-330 Criterion 311 Crocker, Marshall 39n Crook. Jo'in 367 Crowell. Joseph 162 Thos. E 32S Ca-U 330-331 Ste-. lien H 395 Benj. H 396 Crown. .Arthur 395 Crown Pt. Expedition 165 Crozette Ids 331-333-"3r. Cuba 23,5-239 Cuffee. Wiekham 23 Paul 41 Eros 219 Culloden 173 Cullum, Rich'd 396 Sam. P 396 CuU er. Moses 232 Gershom 268-3iiS Jeremiah 308 Jonathan 30S George 396 Cummuskv. Father 2 2,^ Curacoa '. 142-1S6 Curhan, Chas 39,. Curran, Father 2 25 Cury. E. H 32x Capt 330-332-334-336 Custom Ho.ise, 141-143-144- 145-146 Daggett, Herman 137 Dains John 288 Paul 288 Daly, Chas. P 2 1 1 Daniel Webster, „„ „„, 324-326-328-330-332-334 Davenport, James 138-262 David Porter -yylli Davis, Fulke ''^'^la John '',il Robert i*^** Arthur .'. ;269-270-271-272-308 Thos 297 Zachariah J" J Davlin, J. J 396 Dayton, Ralph • '» Jolm "8 Jona 204 Abraham Andrew Chas. W. Dean, Wm. Thos, 310 396396223 297 De Bev'oise, Abm ; '.•/ ??q De Castro. J. ^0,10? Decatur Commodore ...194-I9b Declaration of the Companv,^^^ INDEX 405 needs — Fni-rol 4S-50-2ni Co nlirmat ion 5 0-26 1-2 (i,'. Inili.in of 1(110, Bl-OB-iiT-riiO I ml hill of 1703 6 7-2 in 1 o.anofk 1 l.s Doer 17-18 Iii-i-rCnok ('.-il., :l63-37 1 -37 3-3X2 l">ril^'elll M,i..-s 126 Pi'Ua :i22-32 1-326-325-330- 3:;2-3:;6-338-3 'O Drn'son. Samuel 2:;5 Caroline .M 22.'. Deniston, 111 1 r.S Dcnni.-iiii. I'nther 2'5 Capt 326-3:;o .^am'l 328 Pe 1 eyster, CliI. .Abr. ..132-13 1 III lain. P 396 I'rihv. Cil It. S. G 211 Durin-,-, H. T 14 4 li. r., 144-1S7-1SS-1S9-191- 192-204 Mrs. C. T 160 C. T. & Co., 234-322-32'- 326-325-332 C. T., 237-322-32 l-326-,'"25- 330-332-331-336-33S-3I0 Capt 330-33 I Deucalia 378 De-iter Thomas 265 iM'ani.nd 17 nibble. Sineus 310 lijckens. Cail 211' Tiii kinson, C. A 2'.^3 Chas 3'.ir, Iiiii6 Chas. H 396 Fordham's shop. So. H 137 Fordham's "Tavern see Inns. Fordred, W. J 396 D 396 Fort Hill 30 Fort Pond Bay 196 Forts, Revolutionary 173 Indian (see Indians), Sag Harbor 192 Fosbert, Albert 396 Foster, Clifford 12 Christopher ,..53-271-272-308 Benj 83-308 John, 150-151-161-166-168- 17 4-202-23 3-276-278-279- 281-283-286-307-308-314 James 151-205 Whiten 152 Thomas 152 Major 190 John 1 198 Edward H 205 James H 223-252 William 308-366 Jeremiah 308-310 Daniel 308 Elnathan 311 Samuel 310 Obadiah 310 David 310 Fdward 381 ¦Wm. B 3 96 Josiah 396 Austin A 3 96 James B 396 Fourth of July, 165-203 et seq. Fowler, John 195 Richard 308 Capt 314-316-318-334-346 Wm 316 Oliver 318 Pox, Stephen O 310 Foxes ., IS Prance 326-328-330-332 Francis, Roger 153-396 A. S 158 Amzl 22 4 R 396 Franklin 238-323-324-326- 328-330-334-338 Frailer, Daniel 308 Frederick, C. A 396 Freemen 63-9;-iu3 French, H. & S., 169-237-3 i6- 344-348 Hannibal 217 Smith 331-336-340 Capt 3 4 0-3 '2-3 6 Wm 373-381 Chas 3 96 Peter 396 Friends Adventure 10 Frissell, Mr 224 Frog Pond, see Fonds. Prothin ham, David 163 Frothingham's L, I. Herald. 163 Fuller. Henry 223 Furniture '. 114 Fur trade 4 4 Gage, Gen'l 167 Gallagher, C. W 224-262 Gann, John 186-19'; Garaghan, H. T 396 Garcia, A 396 Gardiner's Bay, 166-173-1S9-192-350 Gardiner's Point 190 Gardiner Lyon, 44-50-54-69-70-78-84-111 Mary 8 4 Sam'l L 144 John 154-186-232 John D 1.^6-15 7 Nathaniel 161-171 Abraham 171 A 215 Wm 220 D. & Bro 314 Gardiner's Island, 50-5 4-125-130-167-173-190-191 Gardner, Capt 318-320 Garretson, Freborn 158 Garrison, Renock 118 Samuel 118 Gaylord, Mr 156 Geese 17 Gelston, Sam'l 133-137 John 144-169-288-289 Maltby 168-176-311 Hugh 169-191-258 David 171-174-312 Abel 174 Richard 218 Thomas 288-312 William 312 Gem, 238-324-326-328-330- 332-334-338 General Court 95 Gen. Scott 318-320 Gen. "Warren 214 Gentleman ....334-336-338-340 Geology 3 et seq. Geo. yvashlnaton 354-358 Germain, Lord 168-173 John 396 Gibbons, John 309 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey 65 G. S 168 Gilder, John L 158 Gillam, Capt 126-130 Gillum Carter 300 408 INDEX Gilmore, R, J 396 Robt 396 Gilson, Rich'd 163 Givyen, Wm 311 Glaciers 5 Gleason, G. H 396 Gloucester, Mass 141 Glover, Henry C 223 Alfred G 239 Capt 324-328-332-336-338 Benj 330 Daniel B 367 Erastus 381 Godbee, John 316 Capt 344 James 332 Goldsmith, Thos 110 (Joninck, Josiah 310 Gonsales, Peter 396 Goodale, Josiah 198 Joseph 30S Jonathan 308 Capt 336-342-344 Charles ji) 396 James M 396 Good Ground 215 Good Luck 233-314 Goodman, J, D 396 Goodsell, Geo. H 158 Gordon, Uriah 9 Daniel D 396 Gorman John 396 Gosmer, John. 51-71-78-97- 100-228-229-264-266-272 Richard 61-228 Gough, J. D 396 Gouvernour, Abr 130 Gov 318 Gov. Clinton 237-238-324 Gov. Dana 373 Graham, Curtis 223 Capt 340-342 Grandfather Regiment 168 Gransden, Henry 80 Frances 80 Grant, original 2 Grass Valley ...376-378-381 Graves, G. A 224 Gra'vesend 124 Gray, Chas, S 224 Thos. M 224 Great South Bay 9 Green, Barney R., 139-322-332-336-365-363-372 Samuel 163 Henry, 210-211-318-322-334-353-396 Abijah 223 Cook & 234 Capt.. 318-320-322-324-326- 328-330-332-33 4-336-338- 3 4 0-3 4 2-34 4-3 46-356-357- 358-359-363-364-367-370- 371-376-377 JohnH 353-360-364-370 James M 396 James R 396 Charles 396 Greenport. 164-218-233-323- 325 - 327 - 329-331-333-336- 337-339-341-343-344-351 Gregory, D 396 Grey. Solomon 218 Griffith, Capt 176 Griffing, S 215 Capt., 318-320-322-324-326- 328-330 A. K 320 Chas 322-324 Sylvester 322 James E 396 Sidney 396 Sidney S 396 Griflith, Wm 297 Griffiths, Joshua 267 Groton, Battle of 180 Guadaloupe 186 Guerin, Father 225 Guilford, Ct.. 66-66-175-178-179-300 Gull Island 9 Gullock Ca?t. Thos.. 123 et seq., 295 et seq. Hacker, David 124 Drew 296 Hacker's Hole 14 Haddam, Ct 175 Haert, Balthazar de 88 Haidee 239 Haines, Benj 78-308 David 193-288-289-308 John 272-308 Stephen 289 Lemuel 289 Samuel '.309 James 309 Daniel 312 Theodore F 395 Haley, Dennis . ^397 Hall, Eianiel 156 Stephen '.!'.'. 186 W. T 221 "Wm. H 396 Hallock, Robt. C 223 Daniel F 223 L. W 251 Capt 338-340-342 Franklin B 397 Benj. P 397 Halsey, Thos., 46-53-71-87- 97-228-232-257-259-260-26 4- 266-279-281-283-2S6-309 Wm 63-376-377 Mrs. Thos 78 Murder 73 "W'm. D '.'.133-208 Jesse 148-162-169 & McCaslin 153 Timothy 169-288-259-312 Henry 169-397 Isaiah igg Silas ' 1 177 Ellas Henry ' iso Hugh l's8-2'M Capt.. 190-31S-320-322-3''4- 326-328-330-33 4-3 36-3 40- 364-379-381-382 G. A 214 Luther 924 Herman !'.'.!! !223 2?\'<' 224-309 Richard .i.>4 Daniel, "" 232-289-30S-26S-309-312 Tiffany & 034 |A9,ac 2S3-'2'8'6-3bs F.liliu 288 Simeon 2S8 INDEX 409 Ethan 288 Silvanus 288-312 Moses 288 Stenhou, 2S9-311-310-312-36 1-365-370 Elias 259 Mathew 259-312 Nathaniel """ Joshua 308-310 Samuel 308-353-364 1' phraim bus Josiah 308 .leremlah 309-311 .Abraham 309-312 lchabod 310 1 aul 312 Tlieophilus 312 Cant, Ed 316-322 .\ndre\v 322 Edward 346-374-376 .\lbert 366 S. B 366-382 Edwin 37 1 1' dward W :'"6 Wm. S 379 Cornelius 3Si6 1- Imer E 396 Oliver 397 -Albert .\ 397 Chas, E 397 K. Sidney 397 Silas F 397 Wm. iM 397 Jesse C 397 Chas 397 Albert N 397 Halsey's .Xeck 207 Ham, Edward 297 Hamilton, Cant 343-3 14 Hamilton. 237-238-326-328- 330-332-334-367 Hamilton, 2d 328-330-333 Hammond, Capt 12 4 Hampton 141-142 Hampton House see Inns, Plamnton I'ark 6 Hand, John ...9-51-156-176-225 Mrs 83 Wm 153 David. 160-151-289-328-330-334 Elias 165-310 Capt., 190-3 20-322-3 21-326-3 40-3 4 2 J. Howard . . . ', 223 Silas 289 Josiah 289-3(19 Gideon 289 Samuel 310-397 Ezekiel 310 Robert F 322 Edwin C 396 Orlando 396 ShaniL'ar 397 Geo. M 397 Handy, Aaron 397 Hannibal. 237-31,5-320-332- 324-326-32S-330-332-334 Hardy, Sir Thos., 189-190- 195 ct seq Harker, Wm., 46-47-48-53- 257-269-260-261-26 1-266 Harlow, S. H 239-326 Ca'pt 332-338 I In riles. Reuben 158 Harriet 23 J liiii-i iiiiiin. Joan 73 Harris Goo 78-307 H. Ii'raiik Ill Reuben 22 1 John 289-3U8 Samuel 309 Capt 320-322-334-326 t'lias. C 397 Hervey 322 .lo.s. C 397 Wm. P 397 Harrison, J. J 225 John 381 Hart, Joshua 223 Jolin 310 Hartford, 4 1-57-71-79-81-91-213-272 Hartshorne, Rich'd 1-19 Harwood, Capt 336 Hatfield, Henry 168 Haugh, J, S 22 1 Havens, F. C 9 Wiekham, S 144-326-338 Henry B 154-187 Gabriel 157 Daniel 180 Benj 214 G. & T 316 Capt., 322-321-326-330-332-346 Jacob 346 M 33 4 Josciih A 397 .Auslcn 397 Henry H 397 Chas. C 397 Ripley 397 Chas. 0 397 Hav erstrite. Chas 397 Clias. B 397 Hawkins, Chris 180 Hawley Giles P 22 1 Hayes, AVm 396 Hay Ground 122-221-22 1 Haynes (see also Haines) Jeremiah 226 Capt 353-370-372-374 Wm. C 370 Haywarden 101 Pleathcotts, The 124 Gilbert 295 Heath hens l"? Heath Park 24 7 Hed.sjes 101-102 Hed.ges 47 Miss II. B 12 S. 0 39 Tristrum 61-228 Elisha 0 82 H. P 108-151-152-199 David, 14-138-153-187-1S8- 288-289 Jeremiah 162-344 Albert 160 Jonathan . . . . 169-171-176-2S8 Daniel 169-288-309 Reuben igo Capt., 190-192-193-324-326- 330-331-336-338-340-3 12-316 Stephen 193-200 Lt 196 Job 198-374-377-381 Jesse 204 410 INDEX John N 206 Elias 288 J. w 328 J, Lodowick 397 Lyman G 397 Hedges House, Sag H., -see Inns. Heffernan, Father 226-252 Held, Eichard 397 Helen 332 Helen Smith 214 Hempstead 21-74-77-81 Hempstead Convention 89 Hempstead, Joshua 149 Hendrickson, Geo. F 157 Hennessy, James 397 Hennigar, Chas 397 Chas, W 397 Hennis, M 397 Henry Robt 397 Henry," 320-322-324-326-328- 330-332-336-338 Henry Lee 332-336-367 Herrick 47 Mrs, Henry 20 6 Wra 222 Micaiah 222 Stephen 309 George 310-376-377 Herricks, Walter A 156 Hetty 314 Highland Mary 346 Hildreth, Thos 51-228 James 84-309-311-312 C. H 129-222 Sam. T 148-236 John 152-162-169-312-316 Abigail 166 Luther 162-213-312 Revol. episode 182 Samuel 206 Levi 219 Joshua 288-309-312 David 28S Peter 289 Nathan 308 Isaac 308-312 Ephraim 308 Jonathan 3U8 Daniel 309 Noah 312 A 364-372 Albert 370 Oscar A 397 Isaac N 397 Hill, John 312 Hilyer, Asa 2.59 Hinds, Bartlett 222 Hines. Geo 397 Hintchel, James 115 Hoffman, P. B 253 Hog Island 22 Hog Neck, 1-22-76-148-149-268-279 Holdsworth, Jonas 73 Hollis, Geo 224 Holran, Father 226 Holt, John 295-296-297 Holton, Wm. C 397 Homan Gilbert 397 Chas. B 397 Homes Hill 74 Plonnold, M. Flmer 158 Hoopete, Jason 235 Hope 233-314 Hopewell 57 Hopkins, Edward 272 Hopper, Dr. Edward 156 Hopping, Daniel 310 Horses 68 Horton, Caleb 110 Jonathan 307 David 307 Capt 336 Wm. T 353 Houses, old 112 Sandford 64-84-85 Job Pierson 82 E. O. Hedges 82 L. Page Topping 82 Howell 82 Augustus Cook 85 Albert Halsey 85 Cooper 85 Haines 85 Hollyhocks 112 Edwin Halsey 112 Samuel Bishop 112 Chas. S. Halsey 112 W. S. Pelletreau 112-172 Foster homestead 112 Stanborough 112 Thos. Sayre 112 H. P. Fordham 112 Elias Howell 112 E. P. Huntting 112 J. E. Foster 112-218 Herrick 112 David White 112 Engle 113 Isaac Sayre 114 Briggs 85-133 Lindstedt 152 Fordham Tavern 152 Payne 152 Umbrella 1d2 Ebenezer Sage 152-155 Whiten Poster 15 2 Thaddeus Coles 152 Gelston 172 How Daniel. 46-47-48-49-53- 100-10 4-228-25 6-2 61-267- 269-260-263-264-265-266 Howard W 223 Howe, Joseph 267 Dan., see How. William 267 Howell, Edward. 14-46-63-71- 7 4-S3-8 4-90-96-97-100-1-18- 140 - 228-229-232-256-''57- 259 - 260-263-261-265-266- 272 - 276-278-279-281-253- 286-307-309 John. 51-71-87-89-91-92-97- 100-132-133-145-228-231- 278-279-281-282-253-2,84-3 0 8 Arthur 53-83-84-107-119 Mrs. Edward 80 " house burned SO Mathew 83-169 Theophilus, 132-149-176-232-309 James 150-164-173 Flisha 161-232-309 Lucretia 164 Lemuel '23'2-3'i'' Nathan P , , , I67 Sylvanus 16'2-'l7'6-310 Nathaniel 168-169-308 INDEX 411 Jehiel 169 Phineas 169-312 David ...169-2S9-307-309-312 Stephen 169-176-237-289 Josiah 169-268 Phillip 169-289-312 Ryall 176-310 Levi 187 Capt., 193-320-322-32 4-328- 363-36 4-370-37 2-37 5-^7 6 Silas 204-314 Charles 218-375 Richard 231-308 Benjamin 232-309 Thomas 232-309-312 Jonathan 232 Herekiah 232-265 Israel 232 S. & X 234-322 W. G 234 Mulford & 234 John E 239 Abraham 268-289 Joseph 268-309 Daniel 2S5-312-353 Samuel ..288-289-309-310-312 Ezekiel 2S8-30S Elihu 288 Price 289 Walter 289-312 Isaac 308-397 Jonah 308-310 Zebulon 308 Neheraiah 30S Obadiah 308 Zeruhabel 310 Jeremiah 310-312 Henry 312 Moses 312 Seth 312 Joshua 312 George 320-322 S. & Co 314-316 & Beebe 316 S. & L 320-322 S. & X 324-326-328 -V. & G., 324-326-328-330- 332-334-336-338 J. E 326 Peter 357-363 Lewis 365-370-372-376 D 377-378 Sam. W 396 John H 396 John 397 James L 397 James R 397 Wm.. G 397 Henry B 397 Gilder 397 Orlando 397 Howes, Ezekiel H 328 Capt 330-332-334-336 Howland, Capt 320 Dennis J 397 Erastus 397 Edson 397 Hubbard, Mr 191 Hubbell, Fdward 225 Hudson, Silvester 310 Hudson 324-326-328-332-334 Hughes, Thos 297 Hulbert, see Hurlburt. Hull, John W 219 Humane Society 20 6 Humphreys, Huraphrey ....158 Arthur 39G Hunt;arian 237 Hunker Flora 397 Hunt, Edgar 9 Harry AV 16 1 John H 16 1 Edgar Z 397 Hunter, Robt 12 1 Gov 231 Huntinqton, 90-111-122-144-161 PIuntington, Abel 14 4 Gurden 225 PTuntting, Benj., 152-204-222-251-314-316 Henry H 157-397 Nathaniel 1 7i; Capt 190-338-342-344-316 S. & B 234 James R 210-3 4 0 S. & Co 316 S. & B. & Co. 322-321-326- 32S-330-3'32-331-336 Huppogues 17 Hurlburt. John. 162-167-1 7 G-2 58-289-310-31 2 Huron 237-328-332-336-373 Husted, Harvey ....ISS Rev. H 223 Illinois 332-336-338 Imperial 214 Imprints, Sag Harbor. 163-301 et sen Indentured ser^ ants 150 Indian Creek Cal 379-382 Indian Jail 235 Indians — Burnin,g woods 12 Place names, 14-17-26-41-74-129 Dogs 19 L. I. Tribes 21 Sachems 21-36-37-66 Tribute 22-33 Population 23 Lan.guage 23 Appearance 24-40 Clothing 25 Wampum 16-25-32 Food 26 Fishing 26 Canoes 28 Swimming 25 Village sites 29 Wigwams 29 Forts 30 Pottery 31 Stone implements 31 Shell heaps 31 Marriage 33 Personal names 3 4 Festivals 3 4 Funerals 35 Land 37-65 et sen. Religion 38 Stone vvith foot 39 Reservation 40 Purchase from, 46-50-51-65-148 "Indian fields'' 50 Catechism 56 412 INDEX Troubles with whites 68 et seq.-78-80-89-167 Slaves (see Slaves). Servants (see Indentured). Whaling 227-235 End of 247 Industry 213 Infidel Society, Sag H 162 Ingraham H 397 Inns 59 North Sea 77 Southampton 72-110-218 Bull's Head 133-136-218 Fordham Tavern, 162-159-160-204 East End House 159 Mansion House 159-148 Nassau House 160 Hedge's House 147-160 Eldredge's 159 American House ..,.159-173 Union Hotel, Sag H 215 Atlantic. House 219-253 Hampton House 224 Iowa 237-364 Ireland Wells & Carpenter, 332-334-336-338-340 Isaac (Indian) 118 Isham, 364-379-381 E. B 374-376 Island Belle 214 Islip 218-350 Italy 334-338-340-342 Ives, L. S 226 Izard, Gen 193-194 Jackson, Chas, A 397 Francis 397 B 397 Jacob, Chas 311 Jacob M. Ryerson 367 Jacobs, J. W 397 John H 397 Wm, S 397 Wm. T 397 Jacobson, Terence 397 Hector 397 Jacques, Richd 51-228 Robt 310 Jagger. John. 9-72-276-278- 279-281-283-286 Stephen, ,198-365-374-376-379 Christopher 198 Albert 236-351 et seq. Benj 307 Jeremiah 308-311 Samuel 308 John 308 Nathan . 308 Jonathan 309 Elias 310 Capt 332-336-338-340 Austin 363 . 364-372 Oscar L 397 Wm. S 397 Jamaica, L. 1 90-216-218 Jamaica, W. 1 141-142-186 James Lawrence 214 James, Rev, Thos 91-118 Jameson, Thos 297 Japan, 233-238-244-337-383 et seq. Jeddo 384 et sen. Jefferies Neck 7B Jefferson, 316-336-338-340-342-344 Jehu Pond, see Ponds. Jennings, John, 62-78-145-279-281 58 ¦Wm. ,,','. 78-308 Daniel 1?8 J, B 225 Wiekham 243-330 Samuel . 308 Chapman 310 Stephen 310 Hugh ' 310 Capt., 326-336-348-342-344-346 A, J. 346 Gilbert W 397 James T. 397 Jermain, John, 152-158-169- 162-188-190-204-251 Margaret P 166 Jessup. John 87-90-231 Isaac 151-289-309-310-312 Robert 158 Silas 169-174 John H 397 Henry 308 Nathaniel 312 Stephen .-.312 Edmund A 397 Chas. L 397 Samuel D 397 Wm. P 397 Jewels (Pierson) 128 Jewett, Wm 397 John Allen 352 John A. Robb 346 Johnes, Mr 51-228 Edward 97 Samuel 232 John Jay 332-336 Johnson, Daniel 142 Sir Wm 167 Col. Guy 168 John 265 Thomas 397 Alonzo 397 George —n' Rufus 397 John Wells 334-336 Jones (see also Johnes). Elisha 141 Elias 162 Paul 169 Obadiah 17 4 Capt. Pa^ll 194 Samuel 307-308 Capt.. 316-322-324-326-328-332 Wm. A 322-332 .L H 330 John 397 Robert 397 Wm 397 .lordan. Father 225 Josephine 332-336 Julius Caesar 318 .Juries 99 Kamschatka . . .'. 233 Kanawha 342-344 Keane, Father 252 Kellis Pond, see Ponds. Kellog. Nath 168 Kelly, Edward 397 Kelsey, Chas 158 INDEX 413 Kennedy, Commissioner ,,,153 Da\id 223 Patrick 397 Ketcham, Henry 397 D. X 397 Kettles 6 Kidd, Capt 126-127-131-143 Killingworth 177 Kieft, Gov 7 7 i^ine, Bernard 397 King Julia, Fountain 147 King, Samuel 15 6 Miller 198 Capt ', , . , .346 Henry B 397 Harvey B 397 Parker D 397 George C 397 Horace 397 Chas. . .-. 397 Wilson B 397 Kingsland, Oscar R 397 Kirby, Wm. S 252 Kitson, John 397 Knapp, Mr 167 D, E 397 Geo. M '. :..397 Knox, Robt 297 Konohassett 238-336 Kyrtland, Philip, 46-47-48-53-259 Nathaniel 48-53-259 John 118 Lacy, G. y^' 397 Ladd, J. W 157 Lady Clinton 213 Lafayette 237 Laine, Thos 223 Lake, Mris 76 Lamson, Samuel ,..326-328-330 Land Common, 60 et seq. -63, 248-257-283 et seq. titles to 65 et seq. Landon, Seymour 158 Lansing, Capt 332-336 Larkens, Jas 398 Larkin, Father 226 Larking, Cornels 297 Lathabury, A. A 22 4 Latham, (I^apt 154 Hubbard 161 Peleg 162 Eden S 162 Latimore, Mr 150 Laughton, John ....106-144-145 Josias 231 Josiah 308 Laurens 336 Lautenschlager, A 398 Lavinia 237-316 Lawrence, W. H 158 Wm 224 Layers out 101 Layton, see Laughton, Leaming, Chris 83 Le Bar Mary 139 Margaret 139 Lears, G 397 Leek, Joseph 310 Benjamin 310 Capt 332 David C, , . -, 398 John W 158 Le Fevre, Maynard ....... .157 Leonard, T. J 252 Lester, Chas 198 Levant 334-338 Lewis, Gordon T 225 Austin 366 L'Hoi-nmedieu, Samuel, 156-162-169-328-330-332-336 Ephraim 213 S. L 234 Libraries — ¦ Bridgehampton ...219 et seq. John Jermain 251 Rcgers Memorial 251 Lighthouses 214 Li.gonee Brook 148 Linden, F ', 398 Lindstedt, H. M 162 Line Gale 237 Liscomb, Joseph 397 Literarv Soe. Sag H 162 Littlejohn, Bishop 226 Littlewood Thos. D 158 Littleworth 72 Lloyd, John 123-297 Lon,g, Father 225 Long Beach 29 Long Id. Star 163 Long Meadow 138 Long Pond, see Ponds. Long Springs 114 Loper, James 119-142 Elizabeth 119 John 310 Capt.. 322-326-330-332-334-3 14 David 330 Henry 374-398 Mr 376 Henry J 397 Benj 397 Abraham B 397 Thos. S 397 Thos. A 397 George 3 98 Chas. L 398 Oscar 398 Lots, £160, etc 63 Lovejoy, J. F 398 Lovelace. Gov 58-145-276 Lowen, Wm 144-398 Capt 334-338-340 Lowrey, John 156 Lucy 14 4-314 Lucy Ann 334-338 Ludlow (Ludlam) — . Anthony 83-84-85 Henry 83-96-309 E. Jones 153 Isaac 244-334 Stephen 288 Jeremiah 309-340 Silas 310 Capt., 324-326-328-330-332- 336-3^6 L 366 Chauncey 398 Silas 398 Luiges G 397 Lum, Sam'l 84-309 Mathew 309 Lupton. Chris 78 David 169-309 John 307 Joseph 308 414 INDEX Thomas 308-311 Lyme 23 Lynch, Michael 398 Lynn, 44-46-47-51-63-57-72-74 80-256 Lyon, Daniel D 157 & Sherwood 203 Moses : 223 Lyons, J 398 MacDonald Ronald 245 Madagascar 130 Madeira 120-143 Magistrates 100-104-107 Maidstone ISO Makintush Daniel 309 Mallay, John 398 Maltbie, John 109-268 Manhattan 332-383 et seq Mann, Wm 398 Mansion House, see Inns. Marcus, 318-320-322-324-326- 328-330-332-336-338-379 Margaret 244 Margaret's Hill 139 Mark 61 Marquesas 238-326 Marran. Thos 398 Marriage 109 Marshall 101 Marshall, J. D 168 Benj 268-269-309 John 379-381 Martha 318-334 Martha 2d 238 Martin, Andrew 123-297 Rowland 297 Mary . , .314 Mary Gardiner 237-340-344 Mason, Robt 297 Masonic Hall, Sag H 157 Massachusetts 70-91-104 Matapoiset 369 Mathews, Timothy 312 Maurisias 125 Maxwell, Henry W 249 Mayer, David 398 Maynard, J. W 224 Mays, Capt 131 McAllister. Alex 223 McCarthy, Michael 398 McCaslin, Francis 133 McCorkle, Capt 342-344 McDonald Dav'd 225 Chas 398 Michael 398 McDougall, Gen 173 McGloc, John 398 McGinnis. Father 225 McGrath, John 398 McGuire, W. W 224 McGuirk, John 398 Frank 398 McKenna, Father 225 McMahon, John 398 McMinn. Wm 398 Mecox, 12-18-41-80-83 et seq,-113-140-231 Mecox Bay 13-14-15-85 Mecox Gate 84 Medd, Henry 224 Meeting House Hill 147-159 Meggs, Ebenezer 300 Meigs E, C 398 Meigs Expedition 178 Menday, Joseph 349 Merchant 237 Meridian 244 Merton, Chas 398 Merwin, Robt 18 Samuel 224 Miantanomoh 69 Middletown, Ct., 150-175-213-315 Milford. Ct 81 Miller, Hedges 153 David . 158 Judge 162 Benj ..-.186 Jeremiah 187 Nathaniel 198 Eleazar 198 Abm. ...'.'. 204-398 C. W 223 David M 22 4 Daniel 232-307 Josiah 307 Isaac .309 Nathan 310 William 310 Jonathan 310 Capt 324-326-332 Davis 330 George 398 Nath. J 398 A. H. 398 E. D 398 Nath 398 Chas. . .,' 398 Mill Pond Head 122 Mills 13 Sawraill, Peconic 11 Hedges Fulling 14-122 Howell's 14-15-6 4 North Sea 75 Mecox 85 Wick's . .'. ; 133 Sag Harbor 152 Berwind 163-234 Hayground 153 Water Mill 153 Mills, Richard 73-101-110 Isaac 118 Elizabeth 118 Mr 137 Mill Stone Brook ",!,,, 5 4 Mill Stone Swamp 54 Minerva 314-316 Minute men, 166-167-169-189-194 Mitchell . 47 John 84-232-307 219 Stephen 288 Mohawks 22 Moheags ". 23 Money 117 Money Ship, see Wrecks. Monmouth 326-,328-330 Montauk, 8-12-22-24-30-39- 40-69-78-166-167-173-188- 191-218-360 Montauk 214-238 Montauk 342 .Montcalm J. A 398 Montefiore, Sir Moses. .154-165 Joseph 154-155 Joshua 155 Moody, Lady Deborah, .,,",!, 53 Mooney, P, J 393 J. P . 398 INDEX 415 Moore, John, 51-97-104-228-272 Col 187-189 L. K 224 Joseph 232-309-312 Henry 289-398 Benj 307 Robert 307-312 Daniel 312 Thos 398 Moraine ". ', 5 Morehouse, John 83-307 Morgan, John J. .-V 223 Henry 398 Moriches 1-157-360 Mormon Island 366 Morrey. John 126 Morris. R 15 8 Geo. C 395 John 309-395 Morton, A. L 262 MouUhrop & Street 202 Moulton. AA'. R 398 Mount Vernon 369 Moving houses 114 Mowbrey, John 73 Wm 225 Muckett Bristol 310 Mulford, John ...51-92-225-299 Samuel 126-231-232-298 David 169 Deacon 197 "U"m 228 & Sleight. 234-320-322-324- 326-325-33 0-332-33 4-336-338 & Howell. 234-324-326-328- 330-332-336 Ezekiel, 231-334-324-326- 328-336 Capt 336 Mullen. James 398 Mnrnhv. James 398 Wm 395 Music 225-2''6 Muskrats 18 Mvers, .Anthony :- 9 ¦; Jlvra 237-247-346-348 Mystic 22-335 Xancv 316 Xfntrcket 16-317-354 Xapeague 30-42-196 Xarragansetts 66-69 Xassau House, see Inns. Xavigator Island 244 Nayas 295 Xeedham. Edmund, 4 6- 4 7-2 5 6-2 5 7-2? 9-260-2 6 I -266 Xeptune. 320-322-32 4-326- 328-330-332-336 X'eva 334-338-3 '0-" '2 Xevada City. Cal 373-381 X'evis 115 Xew Amsterdam. 43-,s-49-57-77-SS-92 X'ewark, X. J 55 Xew Bedford. 343-347-352-354-362 X"ew Castle, Del 137 Newell (Xewhall), Tho«;. 46-47-53-259 X'ew Enrtand Confederacv. 55-65-70-7 4-78-79-91-119 X'ew Haver. 4 J-4 9-55-57-58-73-81-178 Xew Holland 331 New London, 126-146-149- 150 - 163 - 180-191-196-2113- 214-343-354 Newman, Arthur 224 Newspapers, Sag H., 163 et seq. New Suffolk. 329-331-337-339-341 Newton, Benoni 84 New York City, 16-142-143- 144-146-149-15 4-163-188- 213-214 New York (Cal.), 362-363- 365-367-368-370-372 New Zealand ..244-329-331-335 Niantic 334 Nianticks 23 Nickerson, L. D 224 Capt 326-332-334 Henry, Jr 328 Nicholas, Cal 375 Nicholls, Capt 334-340 Nicoll. Wm 9 Edward 152 Anne itiO Capt 342-344 Theodore 398 Nicolls, Gov 89-111-144-277 Samuel 214 Mathias 280 Xile 336-338-340 Nimrod, 322-324-326-328-330- 332-33 4-336-338-3 40-3 42-3 4 4 Noble, 235-326-328-330-332- 33 4-336-338-3 40-3 42-34 4-3 4 6 Nominick Hills 30 Noonan, D 398 Norris 47 Robert S3 Nathan S3-288-312 Mr 153 Silas 312 Northampton 74 Xorth Faven (see also Hogneck), ..162-217-235-237 Xorth Sea 51-58-59-68-74- 140-142-146-150 Xorth-West 140-142 Xorthwest Creek 148 Norton, Robt. F 158 Norwich. Ct 23-195 Notary Public 101 Nowedonah 22 Noyac 42-167-217 Noyac Bay 1 Oakley IGO O'Brien, Henry 398 O'Callaghan, Father 225 Ocean 238-318-320-346 O'Connor, James 398 O. C. Raymond 237-330 Octavia 237-31S-320 Odd Fellow ....340-342-344-346 Odell, Richard, 16-97-228-230-259 O'Donnell. Father 226 Ogden, John. 59-71-74-75-77- 79-81-88-100-10 6-140-229-230 O'Hara, P. J 252 Ohio 332 Oldershaw. A. B 398 "Old ground" 60 Oldmixon. Sir John 154 Old Town 51-72-208 Old Town Pond, see Ponds. 41 tt INDEX O'.Xelll, Father 225 Ontario, 318-324-326-328-330- 332-334-338 Ontario 2d 332-336-338-340 Ordinaries, see Inns, Oregon 342-344 Orpheus 196 Osborn and Osborne. John P 144 Oliver 153 Selleck 163 Lewis 186 Marcus B., 217-234-322-324-326 Thos. G 223 Daniel 307 Stephen 310 Capt 318-330 Wm 328 Davis C 346 Oscar 334-336 Osgood, Geo 398 Osmun, Wm 307 Otters 18 Overseer of Poor 101 Overton Isaac 307 Richd. H 398 Edward N 39b Oyster Bay 65-132-144 Oyster Ponds 189-191-192 Paciflc 238-346 Packet Boats 213-214 Pain (see also Payne), Joseph 308 Abraham 310 William 310 Paine, 'Elisha 138-312 Palraer, Benj 83 Panama '324-328-330-334-338-373 Parana 342-344-346 Parblau, T. M 398 Pardee, Isaac 225 Parish. Act. Inc., Bridgehampton 87 Parker, John 106-120-370 Wm 162-353 Henry 198-398 Jeremiah 289 Capt., 322-324-326-328-363- 364-371-372-374-376 Frank 398 ¦j-\ ¦p' 363 ¦Wm.' M.' ' .' .' .' .' .'3'7'()-'3'7'3"-'37'4-379 Charles 398 Capt. James 382 Giles 398 Parker's 103 Parrish, S. L 209-218-262 James C 252 Parrish Art Museum 252 Parrot, John 123-297 Parshall, James 120 Israel 307 Parsons, Elisha 190 Wm, Barclay 206 Samuel 307 c& Brown 340 Partridge, Asa 165-159 Partridges 17 Patagonia 317-319-321-323 Patchogue 157-216-218 Patents 89-92 Dongan, 64-92-249-281 et seq. Andros 92-276 et seq. See als3 Deeds. Paumanack 4 2 Payer, Thos so » John 309 Payn Peter 198 i eyne, J ohn 152 Silas 215 Chas. W 217-239-32B Capt., 324-326-330-332-334- 338-373-374 AVm. H 328 B. C 336 AVm 367-372-376 Mr 370-372 Chas 398 Thos. B 398 Jeremiah 398 Robt. H 398 Chas. C 398 Elisha H 398 Elias R 398 Benj. S . ..398 H. M 398 L. H 398 Payton, James 398 Pearce, Aaron 158 Stephen 310 Pearsall, 244 Pearson (see also Pierson). Capt 322-326 Peck, Mrs. Clarence 138 J. W 224 Peconic 42-49-265 Peconic Bathing Station ....11 Peconic Bay 1-2-9-50-268 Peconic River, 1-132-268-269-279 Pedro, Joseph 398 Pegg, C. M 158 Peggy 186 Peirce, John 297 Pelham, N. Y 163 Pell Joseph 163 Nancy 163 Pelletreau, Francis 14 9 Elias 168-174 Wm. S 223 Penhawitz 21-48-19 Penny, Joshua, 186-193-194 et seq. 219 John 5o3 Wm 376-377-379 Alex. H 398 Pequots 22-33-79-119 Perambulating bounds 102 Perea, J 398 Perkins, Geo 398 Perry, Jas. H 168 Commodore 244 Peter. John 40 Peter's Green 151-237 Petty, Elias 135-309 John 374 Mr 379 Pharaoh, Sylvester '. . 24 Stephen 24 Phenix, 322-324-326-328-330- 332-334-338 Philip I. ..334-336-338-340-342 Phillips Samuel 164 W. E 398 C. R 398 Phoenix 16 INDEX 417 Pierson, Abram. 46-51-53-64- 66-72-22S-267-2S9-307 Henrv, 51-93-107-132-228- 232-263-26 4-27 9-251-283- 286-388-307 Lt. Col. Henry, 82-56-113- 122 et seq. -231-251-299 et seq. Job 52-113-259-309 David, 82-167-168-169-288- 289-398 Stephen 113-288 Timothy 129-288-289 Theophilus 150-169-255 Elias 169 Lemuel 182-202-288-259 & Hildreth 152 James H 20 i Alfred 224 Theodore 232-309 Wml H 239 Mathew 288 Silvanus 288 Samuel 255-308 William 288-334 ¦Williams 258 Caleb 2S9 Charles 259 John 259 Zebulon 289 Jedediah 259 Cant 324-328-332-3.16 S. B 334 N. H 398 Enoch 398 Alson 398 Alono 398 Alanson 398 Pip-eon, Geo 39 8 Stenhen 398 Pie-eons 17 Piken-an. Robert 202 PiUsbury, Itharaar 156 Fine Swamp 148 Pinks 1<10 Piny. John 64 Pioneer 214-3)0-342 Pirates. 122 et sen. -13-1-137- 143-165-294 et seq. Pitt's Island .r'S Planter 214 Piatt. Smith H 223 Isaac 335 Plvrnouth 245-336 Po=-gatacut 22-69 Po'rit Belcher ^.''33 Pollard. Geo. H 398 Pollev "W. L 398 S. M 398 Polonpis 124 Pomona 354 Ponds — ¦^"ain=cof t 1 Scuttle Hole 6-7-14 Kellis 7-14 Jehu 7 .Austen's 7 Long 7 Frog 9 Pp-'g 13-14-83-84-86 Mill Pond 14 Poxabogue 14 Pound 29 Old Town 47 Farrington 47 Long (Sag H.) 148 Otter 1-1S Peter's 206 Ponquogue 42 Pouters Capt 344 Poole, T. H., & Co 25 2 Poosepatuck 41 Porcupines 17 Porter, Stephen 156 Portland, ,.328-330-332-334-336 Port of Entry, see Custom House. Portland Adventure 149 Post, Rich'd, 51-101-228-279-281 Edwin 72 Jeremiah 169 Lodowick, 188-190-192-193-289 S 190 James 223-316-318 & Sherry, 234-237-330-332- 334-336-338 ¦Wm. R 237-340 Nathan 288 John 307 Capt., 316-318-320-322-370- 374-376-377-381 Geo 316-318-320 A. G 336 R 340 Wm. H., 363-357-366-372-378 ¦Wm 366-379 Jas. H 398 Post Offices 215-216 Potosi 238-322 Potter, John 398 Pounder. E. 398 Powell C. W 224 Power, John 125 Poxabogue 42-83-140 Poxabogue Pond, see Ponds. Prentice. Amos 162 Price, Kate 126 Benj 156 John 213 T L .22 4 Prime.' Nath. 's.' '. '. '. '. '. '. . . 156-178 Printing. Sag H 163 Prior, Elisha 156-188 Prior's Shipyard 237 Proprietors 63-97-248 Providence 44 Prudent 3 44 Pye. Cant 125 Wm. C 398 Quail 17 Quarter Courts 99 Ouayle, 238 Quinn, John 398 Quiripis 56 Quogue, 42-207-20S-215-23]-2