YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Bought with the income
ofthe
HENRY A. HOMES FUND

E S ^S" A

Ze/ r/fir'/rr//f /,.{-/(¦//,///,- .,/,,

///////;¦/¦/:/ ft/

7'
«(Z//A,,//,,? (*<¦/.„ r,Y/6<i>e./rv,//<\ //,,,/,.,nZZ,,,vr?cv//y
/A< ./fi,. Z/,a//A^.\\ /tey„,/y,f//, „,„;,/„¦ t'A^rrr '
est /Ar/? 'A-//,/,/,-., ALAft/,r/<f/,r/.r//ft-
\i *H -a -is>: i?> -
(Z±/r?rr.t (,/ _^ //,:,//,>/,,/, CSf/r/r.,////i-/ /r'l /f,f/-f /// ,\. A/-/ '-
/ , c ,z, , ,y *•'
?w/,t/y, /tfrr/.jr//-///f) At- //,r>/,o.,/"(> At , /,>//////>,/ /r> . A/,/,
rfc/U /,/,//:, .*.' C ////,/„//,/, f///./,,\V/rc//, hz/Av/.j r///s/
'Cs- ^ ' ' ¦ ' '

f/f'/'f>f////r///.j1 fv/////if.>///y//t, ///„,// ,j,?re'/c.i Z7-C///.J
tr/r/ A /jrj'f, Z//f/''/y ,-,/./ ','/«// . 'Sfrwr/.j .
^ C>'o TO^icli t'ST^unc.vcb ^>
"—//.Wry ' '"///,> A (,//,/? A^?,/// A //n?/,-./,/,,ZiV/s/,',/ A?
/ ¦/' ' ' /-> - -Z — ,> /
///r.S/i.j/7r/r///>/, rrs/r' A~Js/t,Z//r>Z, ///¦// -/A/,K/,. \'rt ZrrAtAry '<<¦
fZ/A-/ //if.y/ /.-//, ?,.j/,,,y ( ' /s ?{¦//,¦<¦/ s< .V/sr e r/>s//-//f/A A (/ /r
/-<¦/?' /e'/Z-Z/.j/A//// f///y< ?<///_/ si j/y////y/-,//>rvfi //et-
"IfCf'-'AAtrric./, eAvt -// Z> • //-A /f ///At'/, il' /'/d"7.
cAAlityA/ZcA ////• ?///'/(///?// Zfyf/r? ft/, /'/.^//e-Zf ///¦//

'/

'//.Iff/////

f*/frrj/f/////z ver.i'atidittM ej*f,c/ tsr/e/' ////c/i>/-f.r
.r/ifj/f/r/tae; e/itams//// s/r.r /•/}/•/.!; /7 / 1 //////// test ////// 1 ,
aittd pe/e??//i£/?i, /p/tit/ ///rr/.)/r ///////, ryt//W
j't/L>e/'i'/7c// /////, tpii/t/jtw/?/// 1, /////?/ //f>j/e-j'//f//i,
t?os? r/v/ ///¦*{• /'<•/¦////•//////•/, .iy // r/'/Vt/'r .
- 1— . • jr -^ — ^ .  Seneca
( London.)
_:AA///rcA A'? AAc ' - ¦/?/////•>/ ,r///e/ /f'Zt/ y
Zn-.M!'JCoZ)/^jn„.. Ur/J<t>rett,. lIT/hv//,;. WJr//hf,V. WfauMer.
178(j„
Enfer'd at Stationers Hall.

J%

t o
ARTHUR YOUNG, Esq. F.R.S.
Honorary Member of the Societies of
Dublin, Bath, York, Salford,
and Odiham — the Philofophical and
Literary Society of Manchester —
the (Economical Society of Berne—
the Phyfical Society of Zurich — the
Palatine Academy of Agriculture
at. Man hi em — the Imperial (Eco
nomical Society eftabljfhed at St.
Petersburgh — -and Correfponding
Member of tbe Royal. Society of
Agriculture at Paris — of the Royal
Academy of Agriculture at Florence
— and of the Patriotic Society at
Milan. Sir,
'IHE Pleafure and Inftru&ion I
have received from the attentive
Perufal of your ufeful and univer-
A fally

DEDICATION.
fally approved Works, which have
been tranflated into moft ofthe Lan
guages of Europe, together with the
r. Advantage and Afliflance they have
given to the prefent Publication in
feveral important Points, induce me
to mow you the high Efteem I
entertain of your Exertions, by de
dicating to you the following Sheets,
intended for the Service of the
youthful Traveller.
Your unparalleled Zeal, Ability,
and patriotic Labours, have caufed
your Name to be refpe&ed and
pronounced with Reverence in both
Hemifpheres ; the Banks of the Ta-
gus and of the. Volga acknowledge
your Worth; and being beyond re
ceiving

DEDICATION.
ceiving any additional Honour by
my Praife, I am fpared a needlefs
Talk; and in thus departing from
the general Rule of Dedicators, I am
doing what is moft pleafing to
yourfelf. I cannot, however, omit to give
this public Teftimony of Gratitude,
for the important Services your
Labours have rendered to my native
Country (Germany) in exciting the
powerful PofTefTors of landed Eflates
to treat the labouring Poor with
more Humanity, and the having
extended the Knowledge of Agri
culture therein, and encouraged
many to the Study of it, by a
Conviction of its vaft Importance.
A 2 That

DEDICATION.
That you may enjoy all the Ho
nour and Happinefs your public
Spirit, Virtue, and Merit deferve,
is the Wifli of,

S I R,

Your fincere Friend,

and Admirer,

Leopold Berchtold.

PREFACE.

Ti

H E Author has prefumed, that a
perfon who has obtained a competent
knowledge of his own country, may, by
a previous inftruclion and well-guided
attention, be enabled fo to travel, as
to render the moft efiential fervices to
humanity in general, and to his native
land in particular; and hence he has
formed a hope, that an attempt to place
thefe objecls within the reach of Eng-
lifh travellers will be well received by a
nation, which has feldom failed to pa
tronize and protect every effort tending
to public and general utility. Numerous

vi PREFACE.
Numerous have been the offerings at
the fhrine of the public, for the inftruc-
tion of travellers, in the laft and prefent
century, and even the moft trifling works
on that fubjecl have been bought with
an avidity, that ftrongly denotes the
public approbation. Dean Tucker's
Inftru&ions for Travellers, publifhed in
the year 1757, feem the beft calculated
for directing the inquiries of a gentle
man, who wifhes to acquire a knowledge
ofthe moft important matters reflecting
England, and deferve to be perufed by
travellers with attention, before they
viGt foreign countries.
Dr. Lettsom's Naturalift's Compa
nion, may be alfo of very extenfive ufe,
and the fcarcity of this work fhews that
Its merits have attracted the notice of
the public.
The intention ofthe prefent work is
to

PREFACE. vii
to communicate to the unexperienced
traveller many important truths, obtain
ed by dear-bought experience in the
courfe of the Author's travels, and to
lay before his view a feries of queftions
that fhould contain the worthieft objeSs
of his inquiry : thefe have been adapted
as far as poffible to general ufe.
Travellers muft not expeft to gain
imformation but by diligent fearch ; and
in order to profit thereby, it fhould be
fyftematical. They ought to doubt, to
prove, but, above all, ferioufly to confi-
der both tbe character and ability, and
carefully to obferve the inclinations of
thofe from whom they expecl to ob
tain it.
To render this work more extenfively
ufeful, the Author has added in the
fecond volume a lift of moft, if not all,
the Englifh as well as foreign works pub-
Irfhed

Vlll

PREFACE.

lifhed for the inftruftion and benefit of
travellers, and likewife a catalogue of
the moft interefting European Travels,
which have been publifhed in Latiri,
Englifh, Portuguefe, Spanifh, French,
Italian, German, Dutch, Danifli, Swed-
ifh, and Ruffian, from the earlieft times
down to the 8th of Sept. 1787, and are
contained in the ineftimable works of
Mr. G. H. Stuck, * the utility of which
is fo obvious, as to render needlefs any
apology for their being inferted in this
work. No pains have been fpared to render
the ufe of the faid catalogue more eafy
than
* Gottlieb Heinrich Stuck's, IT,. P. Com-
¦miffions Raths, und Kammerers der Stadt Halle J'er-
tzeicbnis 'von alter?!, und neuera Reifebefchreibungen.
Verfuch eines Hauptjiucks der geographifchcn Litteratur
fnit einen •vollfidndigen Real Regifter, und einer Vot-
rede •von M. I. E. Fabri InfpcBor der Koniglichen
Freytifche und Secretaire der Hallifchen Naturforfchen-
den.Gefellfchaft. Halk 1784, 1785, 1787, 8w.
II. Theile.

PREFACE.

ix

than that of the original of the worthy
and indefatigable Mr. Stuck, by digeft*
ing it in a different and proper order ;
for not only the names and works of the
authors, but alfo the refpective coun
tries, cities, towns, &c. defcribed by
them, are arranged alphabetically, fo
that the reader may now find at firft
fight the publications of nearly all, or
at leaft the moft confiderable writers on
fuch places he may wifh to have a par
ticular information of.
The Author of the following Effay
intends to prefent to the public the con
tinuation of the above-mentioned cata
logue from Sept. 1787 [where at prefent
it ends) in another work relative to tra
vels and other fubjecrs.
He relies on the public's indulgence j
and begs leave to plead as an excufe
for the errors which have efcaped, that
¦ a '  -he

x PREFACE.
he is the firft who has attempted to lay
fuch a numerous collection of queries,
on fo many different, and partly ar-
dous fubjefts before the public; that he
writes in a language not his own ; and
that writing neither for reputation or
intereft, he has not been folicitous to
exprefs himfelf with elegance, but to
convey his ideas to the public in the
plaineft terms poffible. The Author
may be allowed reafonably to expect,
that the Humane Society's directions
for the recovery of the apparently dead
by drowning, communicated by his friend
Dr. Hawes, and the plan of the Phy-
lanthropic Society, will be kindly
received by the reader, becaufe the
only and true reafons why they have
been inferted, are to enable the travellers
thereby to make occafional ufe of the
firft, and to propofe thofe laudable infli-
tutions in foreign countries, which would
contribute greatly to the welfare of
fociety.

PREFACE. xi
fociety. A fincere defire to be ufeful to
mankind in general, has been the go
verning principle in publifhing the pre
fent work ; if the Author has failed
herein, the confolation of having in
tended well mult be his fole reward.

C O X T E N T

CONTENTS

OF THE

ESSAY,

SECTION I.
kJ N the mofi neceffary Qualifications for a young Perfon
intending to travel  Page » •
S. E C T. II.
On the OljeBs mofi 'worthy of a Traveller's Difcovery,
and Invefiigation in Foreign Countries. .....P. 19.
SECT. III.
Qn Information, and the Means of obtaining it. P. 34,
SECT. IV.
On committing Obfervations to Paper. ...... .P. 43*
SECT. V.
On the Means of providing for the Safety ofthe Travel
ler's Perfon and Property.  P. 47"
SECT.

xiv CONTENTS. SECT. VI.
On the Means of preferving a Traveller's Health, parti-
-tularly in hot Countries.  Page 53-
SECT. VII.
On the Means of being fupplied with Money. . . .P. 62.
SECT. VIII.
On Letters of Recommendation. ..........  P. 64.
SECT. IX.
On Inns  P. 66,
SECT. X.
On Luggage  .....P. 72.
SECT. XI.
On Sea Voyages  P. 77,
SECT. XII.
Mifcellanies  P. S3.
DIRECTIONS
For the Recovery of the apparently Dead by Dimm
ing, and the various Kinds of Suffocation... . P. 88.

CONTENTS

CONTENTS

OF THE

QUESTIONS.

SECTION I.
IDEOGRAPHICAL Account of the Country, and
Regifter of Lands  Page 95.
SECT. II.
POPULATION.
HiJlorical Account of Population — Divifion of In
habitants — Calculations voith regard to different
Proportions concerning Population — Caufes of the
Decreafe of Population, and Remedies to prevent
them — Mifcellaneous Quefthns relative to Population. P. 103.
SECT. III.
STATE of the PEASANTRY.
Extent ofthe Peafant's Liberty — Opprtffion by the Ma-
giftrahv — Opprffion by the Landlord, and his Ser
vants —

Xvi

CONTENTS.

wants — The Peafant's Poffi-ffian — His Habitation-**
His Food — Tobacco and Snuff- — Drefs — InftruBion-—
Labour andlndtiftry — Propagation and Longevity — ,
Inflitutions regarding the Peafants — Maintenance of
the Clergy— State of thi Peafantry upon diffetent
Lands, according to the different Property — Magi-
ftrates in Villages   Page 1154
SECT. IV.
AGRICULTURE.
Hifiorical Account of the Progrefs of Agriculture ofthe
Country— -Queftions applicable to the Political Review
relative to Agriculture— Calculation of the Annual
Amount ofthe Crop — Calculation ofthe Confumption
of the different ProduSions — Divifion of Land-
Manner of cultivating Noblemen' s Eftates — Syftemof
Agriculture — Manuring  Ploughing  Sowing—.
Harvefi— Conveying Corn into the Barn — Barns—
Threfhing — Granaries and Corn-Pits — Land-Tax—'
Method of extending the Knowledge of Agriculture all
tver • the Country — Improvements in Hujlandry — •
Pafiure-Grounds and Meadows — Plants and Roots for
Dying — Flax and Hemp — Vineyards — Honey and
Wax — Degree of Fertility — Manner of calculating
the Expence and Income per Acre — Jnfurance of the
Productions of Agriculture againfl the Danger of
Weather — Obftrudions to the Progrefs of Hujlan
dry  P. 138.
SECT.

CONTENTS. xvii
SECT. V.
CATTLE in GENERAL.
Explanatory Quefiions relative lo the Oecanomical and
Political Review of Cattle — General Quefiions re-
fpeQing Cattle  Page 171.
SECT. VI.
BLACK CATTLE,
Hifiorical Account of Black Cattle— -Houjing— Food-
Difeafes— Propagation — Making Butter and Cheefe
—Manner of difpoftng of both  P. 1 74.
SECT. VII.
SHEEP.
Hifiorical Inquiries refpecling the Antiquity of the Breeds
of Sheep^-Divifion of Sheep, with regard to their
Appearance, to the Finenefs of their Wool, and Price
—-Management of Sheep — Houfing—Food — Fe/d-
ing— Shearing— Wool— -Profit . to the Ovjner — Dif
eafes of Sheep — Propagation— Shepherd— Profit to
the Country — Laws cgncerning Sheep and Wool.
P. 182.
SECT. ,VIII.
WOOD S.
Timber— Fuel— Tar— Pitch— Turpentine— Pol- AJbr-
Refin— Fruit-Trees  ,P, 200.
h SECT.

xviii CONtgNTS. SECT. IX.
M I ^N E S.
Hifiorical Inquiry refpeBing Mines— Prefent State of
Mines — Principal Operations in Mining— Progrefs
if the Art of Mines — Miners — Laws and Regula
tions in Favour of Mines  Page 207.
SECT, X,
MANUFACTURES.
General Inquiries into the prefent State of ManufaBures
1— Their Extent — Labour — ObfiruBions to the Pro
grefs of ManufaBures — Encouragements to the fame —
Public and Private Advantages of ditto — Foreign
ManufaBures — Education of the MdnufaBurer —
His CharaBer.  P. 213.
S..E C T. XI.
QUESTIONS APPLICABLE TO
EVERY MANUFACTORY.
Efiablifhment ofthe ManufaBory — Work — Workmen —
Machines — Sale of the Produce — Expence and Pro
fit — Mifcellaneous Queftions  P. 229.
SECT. XII.
INLAND and FOREIGN TRADE.
Inland Trade — Corn Trade — Cany ing Ttade — Com-
mifftQit Trade— Slave Trade — Exportation — Importa tion —

CONTENTS. xix
tion — Commercial Balance — Political Balance — Trad
ing Companies — Monopolies — Mint — Money — Ideal
and Paper-Money— Exportation of Money — Exchange
—Bank — Annuities — Infurances of Lives— Obfiacles
to Commerce— Regulations for promoting Commerce —
Offences againfl Public Trade — Smuggling — Bank
ruptcy — Ufury— Cheating — Forefialling and . Re-
grating— Engroffing and Monopolizing — Seducing
Artifis, and tranfporting Tools— ReftriBions of un-
jkilful Artificers — Situation of the Country with
regard to Commerce— Cufioms and Duties — Treaties
qf Commerce and Navigation with different Powers,
and particularly voith the Pyratical States ofBar-
hary — Annual Commercial Produce — Merchants, Page 235.
S E C T. XIII.
COLONIES.
Hifiorical Inquiries refpeBing the Efiablifhment ofthe
Colonies — Geopraphical Defcription of the fame—
ProduBs— Population— Trade — Government— Ad
vantages of the Colonies to the Mother-Country. P. 275.
SECT. XIV.
INLAND NAVIGATION.
Inquiries refpeBing Navigable' Rivers and Lakes—
ConfiruBion of Canals — Their Ufe — Their Public
md Private Utility   P. 282.
b a SECT.

jcx" C O' N'T E-N't S;
SECT. XV.
NAVIGATION upon the SEA.
Hifiorical Inquiry concerning Navigation upon the Sea—
Prefent State of the Shipping— 'Sailors— Charitable
Inflitutions for Sailors, and their Families— Sea-
Laws — Progrefs in the Art of Navigation; and
other Matters relating to it — Pirates — Priva
teers.  Page 287.
SECT. XVI.
QUESTIONS APPLICABLE TO
EVERY SEA-PORT.
Nature of the Sea-Port— Its Commerce— Shipping
belonging to this Port— Infurance— -Wife Regulations.
and ufeful Machines — Commercial Inlercourfe be
tween this Port and the Traveller's native Country
—Merchants— Revenue ofthe Port  P. 299.
SECT. XVH.
FISHERY in GENERAL.
Situation of the Country with regard to Fifheries —
Different Sorts of Ftfb—Seafm fir Fifbttig—Fijb
Trade— Salt— Profit of the FifberiA to the Country. P. 306.
SECT.

CONTENTS. xxi
SECT. XVIII.
HERRING FISHERY.
Hifiorical Inquiry refpeBing the Herring Fifhery —
Equipment of Herring Veffels — Procefs of pijbing—
Maimer of Curing — Sale — Encouragement of the
Herring-Fifhery — Profit of the Herring Fifhery to
the State  Page 310.
S EC T. XIX.
WHALE FISHERY.
Chr-omtlogicul Inquiry concerning the Whale Fifhery—
Equipment of Whale Ships — Procefs of catching
Whales— Sah ofthe Produce— Encouragement ofthe
Whale Fifhery — Profit of the Whale Fifhery to the
State  P. 316.
SECT. XX.
CORAL FISHERY.
Inquiry concerning the Origin and Progrefs ofthe Coral
Fifhery.— Equipment of the Coral Boats — Procefs of
Fijhing — Sale — Encouragement of the Coral Fifhery
-—Profit of the Coral Fifhery to the State. P. 323.
?SECT. XXI.
CONSTRUCTION of MERCHANTMEN.
Extetit of Shi(-Building — Naval Stores, and their
Prices

xxii CONTENTS.
pr;ces — Qualities of the CmfiruBion — Its Prices-
Profit of Ship-Building to the Country. . .. Page 328.
SECT. XXII.
LAWS and ADMINISTRATION of
CIVIL JUSTICE.
Hifiorical Account of the Legifiature — Rights of the
Natives — Relation of the Mafler and Servant — Of
Hufband and Wife— Of Parent and Child— Of
Guardian and Ward— Feudal Syftent — ContraBs—
Self-Defence — Injuries to real and perfinal Pro
perty — Courts of Law — Lawyers — Proceeding of
Jufiice— r-Regulations concerning the Adminifirathm of
Civil Jufiice — Reward Laws  P. 334.
SECT. XXIII.
LAWS and ADMINISTRATION of
CRIMINAL JUSTICE.
Criminal Laws — Magifirate — Criminal Profecution
and Capture — Trial — Witneffes — Oath — Torture —
Excufe — Appealing — Sentence — Execution — Secret
Accufing — Crimes and Punifhmcnts — Afylums — Ba-
nifhments — Prifons — Wife Regulations cf preventive
Jufiice — Obfervatkns on the Utility af the Philan
thropic Society, inflicted at London 1788, for
ihe Prevention of Crimes, and for a Reform among
the Poor : To which is annexed, the Plan of the
Infiitntion  P; 352.
SECT.

CONTENTS. xxiil
SECT, XXIV,
POLICE,
Prefervation of the Lives and Property of the Inhabi'
tants — College of Health — Provifions concerning
Dead Bodies and Burials — Provifions to prevent Sick-
nefs and Death, from unwholefome Food and other
Accidents — Means for preventing the DefiruBioii of
Morals — Regulations for maintaining the Public
Peace — Manner of fecuring the Honour and Reputa
tion of the Inhabitants — Provifion againfl the Dan
gers of Fire — Lamps — ViBualling of the Markets' ,
and preventing Impofitions — Cleanlinefs of the Town
— Means of rendering the Town pleafant, and at'
traBing Foreigners.  To which is annexed, a
Table of Market Prices, with the annual Confamp-
Hon of the Capital, Duties of Importation on the
Neceffaries of Life, and of the Places where each
Article is brought from, &c. &c. Ditto of Houfe-
Keeping Expences in the Capital.  Page 373.
SECT. XXV.
CHARITABLE ESTABLISHMENTS.
Infiitution for reco'uering Drowned and Strangled Per'
fans, and Overlaid and Smothered Children — Per-
fons fmothered by noxious Vapours — and the Frozen —
Ilofpitals for the Sick — Lying-in — Foundling — -For
inoculating the Small-Pox— For Venereal Difeafes— Mad-

JBMV

C ' O -N T E N S.

Mad-Houfes— Infiitution for reforming Profiitutes—
Marrying poor Girls — Relieving the indufirious Poor
 Efiablijhment of it Public Pawn-Office— Work-
Houfes — Employment for genteel People who are
bfhamed of Begging — Prtn'ifions for the difabled
poor — Inflitutions for Orphans — Public Rewards
for humane ABions  Page 385.
SECT. XXVI.
EDUCATION.
Hifiorical Inquiry refpeBing Education— Suckling of
Children — Drefs — Sleeping and Bedding — Manage
ment of Children with regard to the Body— -Culture
of their Minds — InfiruBions in Reading, Writingt
and Arithmetic — Bodily Exercifes — Private. Educa
tion — Public Education — Celebrated Men.. .P. 401.
SECT. XXVII.
ORIGIN, MANNERS, and CUSTOMS
OF THE NATION.
Origin of the Nation — Change in the People — Shape
and CharaBeriJlic Features — Influence of tbe Cli'
mate — Genius — Character ofthe Natives— Superfii-
tims and Prejudice: — Behaviour to Foreigners —
F)i.i — Drefs— Manner of Dwelling— Amufements—
Public Feajis— Ceremonies of Weddings, Rejoicing,
Mourning, &c  b P. 415.
SECT.

G O N \T E N T S. xxv
SECT. XXVIII.
WOMEN.
Education of Females in general— Boarding-Schools—
Extent of Liberty of grown-up Young Ladies — Mar
riage — Influence of the Ladies in State Affairs-
Celebrated Females — Laws concerning Women.
Pagi 423.
SECT. XXIX.
RELIGION And CLERGY.
Hifiorical Inquiries concerning the Religion of the
Country — Efiablifhed Religion — Toleration — Clergy
—Religious Orders in Roman Catholic Countries —
Immunities and Liberties qf the Clergy — SanBuaries
—Offences againfl God and Religion  P« 431.
SECT. XXX.
NOBILITY.
Infiitution of the Nobility— Revenue — Privileges and
Efiablfphments in Favour ofthe Nobility — Inheritance
of Titles and Efiates — JurifdiBion on the Landed
Efiafes — Refidence and Amufements — Influence and
Authority of the Nobles — Education — Travels of
young Noblemen — Military Service — CharaBer of
the Nobility — Conferring of Titles, and Orders of
Knighthood— Lavas concerning Foreign Noblemen —
Mifcellaneous £>ueftions  P. 44°'
Q S £1 C 1-

xxxvi CONTENTS. SECT. XXXI.
GOVERNMENT.
Hifiorical Invefiigation refpeBing Government — Con-
fiitutional Laws— Extent of the Ruling Power — Su-
preme Councils — Syfiem of Government in the Pro
vinces—Promotion to Employments in ihe Government. Page 452,
SECT. XXXII.
TAXES and IMPOSTS.
Power of impo/ing Taxes — Syfiem of Taxation — Divi
fion of Taxes, and their Amount — ObjeBs that ought
to be taxed in Preference to the Neceffaries qf Life —
Luxury— Nature of the Taxes — Difiribxtion of the
Weight of Taxes— Method of their ColleB ion— Wife
Regulations with regard to Taxation  P. 459,
SECT. XXXIII.
FINANCES.
Hifiorical Invefiigation concerning the Revenue— Pre'
fent Sources of the Revenue — Methods of raifing
Money — Council of Finances — Hifiorical Inquiries
rfpeBing the Annual Expence of Government — Pre
fent Expences,  P. 467.
SECT.

CONTENTS. xxvii
SECT. XXXIV.
LAND FORCES.
Hifiorical Invejtigation concerning the Army— Prefent
State of the Standing Army — Expence — Supply of
Horfes — Military Syfiem — Raifing Soldiers — Train
ing up Soldiers, and Military Difcipline — Encourage
ments to Bravery — CharaBer ofthe Soldiers — Educa
tion of Young Gentlemen defigned far the Army —
Promotion of Officers — Quartering of Soldiers — For-
treffeS'—Arfenals— Celebrated Perfonages in the Mi
litary Line  Page 475,
SECT. XXXV.
NAVY.
Hifiorical Inquiries relative to the Navy — Prefent State
—Manning the Fleet — Precautions for preferving
the Health ofthe Seamen on Board-^— Humane Infli
tutions for difabled Seamen, Seamen's Widows, and
Children — Articles for the Government of the Navy
—Court of Admiralty  ,.P. 492,
SECT. XXXVI,
CONSTRUCTION of MEN of WAR,
Dock-Yards, and their Superintendency — Naval Stores,
and ViBualling oftheFleet — Proportions ofthe differ
ent Rates of Ships — Qualities of the ConfiruBion —
Powder-Mills—Cafiing Ship's Guns — Progrefs in
Gunnery

3XV111

CONTENT Sj

Gunnery — School of Navigation, and Ship-Building—
Improvements in both  Page 501.
SECT. XXXVII.
SOVEREIGN.
Education of the reigning Prince — His Reign. P. 512.
GENERAL RULES
To judge of the comparative Poverty or Riches of a
City, Town, or Country, in paffing through it,
contained in Ur. TOCKE8., Dean of Gloucefter's
InfiruBions for Travellers, publifhed in the Year
*757   P. 520.

ERRATA.
Page 16, line 26, for And, read By.

 21  14,  fell,
 22  13,  Lazaretto's, 
— 231  2,  apprentices, 
- — - 27^  7,  manufacturers, 
 290  3,  furniflies, . 
 317  7,  harpooners, 
 365  14,  extention, — -
¦  ib.  25,  becoimng, 
 473  9>  f°r inventions, 
- — .5°5  12»  bufcuit, 
 5°9  3i — fpo'l'i 

fallen.
Lazarettos.apprentices.rrtanufafturcs.
fumifli. harponeers.
extenfion. becoming.
of inventions.
bifcuit. (polled.

A N

A N
ESSAY to direct and extend
THE
INQUIRIES O F
PATRIOTIC TRAVELLERS.

SECTION I.
On the mofi neceffary Qualifications for a
young Perfon intending to 'Travel.
kJINCE it is alraoft impoffible to perform any
thing well without preparation, it is indifpenfably ne
ceffary for a young gentleman, who defires to travel,
either for his own improvement, the welfare of man
kind in general, or for the happinefs of his country in
particular, to lay in a certain ftock of fundamental
knowledge, before he undertakes the difficult tafk of
travelling to real advantage.
Innumerable are the objects worthy of a traveller's
attention and inquiry, and fome of them are of much
more importance than others.; in proportion to the
advantages that accrue to the public from the applica-
B tion

[ 2 ]
tion of the knowledge acquired of them ; let me there
fore advife every gentleman, who feels an irrefiftible
and laudable inclination to collect ufeful information,
and valuable obfervations, to getfuch infight at home
into thofe Arts and Sciences, whofe extent and im
provement muft neceffarily prove beneficial to man
kind in general, and to his native country in parti.
cular. Reading and reflection will point out many objefts
worthy of a traveller's inveftigation ; but experience,
the firft of guides, may neverthelefs furniflithem with
that advice which perhaps will be acceptable to my
readers, the hints of intelligent friends ought to fup-
ply what neither books, nor meditation can teach ;
therefore it fhould be the firft principle of thofe whofe
inclination it is to travel ufefully, to communicate
their plan to public fpirited, benevolent, and well-
informed men, and to apply to them for fuch infor
mation on thofe heads, which fhould form the prin
cipal objefts of their inquiry, and particularly refpedt-
ingthe welfare of mankind, and the moft dangerous
difeafesof that political body of which they themfelves
are members.
Philanthropic men will not hefitate to give a well
meaning and inquifitive perfon all the information in
their power ; and though much may be learned by
converfation with men of experience and underftand-
ing, yet written inftruftions are ever to be preferred, becaufe

I 3 3
becaufe a writer has infinitely more opportunity than
a narrator, to refleft on the true intereft of his fellow-
creatures, and the memory at the fame time will be
much relieved.
The indifpenfable branches of knowledge and abi
lities, for travellers, are the following.
National Law.
A gentleman, defirous to difcover wife laws abroad,
which, if propofed to the lawgivers of his country,
and introduced by him, might render his countrymen
more virtuous, more induftrious, richer, and happier,
ought firft to be well informed of the fmalleft defefts
of the National, Civil, and Criminal Legifiature, and
thoroughly inftructed in the Municipal Laws, and
Regulations of the Police.
Natural Hijlory.
The ftudy of the general, and particular natural
hiftory of his native country, will enable him to ren
der effential fervices to his fellow-creatures ; but he
muft devote himfelf to thofe branches, which are the
beft calculated to promote thofe ends ; it muft alfo
leave a very ferious influence upon his mind, as he
will often be excited to contemplate and adore the
ftupendous power of the Divine Author of thofe ini
mitable works which he furveys.
B 2 Mineralogy,

[ 4 ]
Mineralogy, Metallurgy, andChemiJlry.
The ufefulnefs of Mineralogy, Metallurgy, and
Chemiftry, is univerfally known, and needs no illuf-
tration ; as. alfo their general tendency to the advan
tage of manufactures, and confequently commerce, is
readily acknowledged.
Mathematics.
The ftudy of Mathematics being very extenfive,
ought tb be purfued with equal circumfpefrion and
induftry ; and thofe branches which are moft applica-
ble to common life, ought moft principally to engage
the attention.
Mathematics muft alfo have the effeft of accuftom-
ing the pupil to proceed fyftematically in all his
undertakings, from which he will derive no inconli-
derable advantage in his own private ceconomy.
Mechanics.
The ftudy of Mechanics is ef the greateft import
ance, and will enable him to underftand with eafe,
the conftruftion and application of many curious,
though fometimes very complex machines, as looms,
mills, and other ufeful contrivances, which he will
have an opportunity to furvey in the courfe of his tra
vels, as well as to introduce in Jiis own country. Hydroflatics

[ 5 ]
Hydrojlatics and Hydraulics.
The ufe of Hydroftatical and Hydraulical know.
ledge is fo very extenfive and advantageous, that he
would be found much wanting, were he to overlook
thofe interefting branches of practical Mathematics,
without the knowledge of which, he would infpeitin
vain many ftupendous engines, put in motion by
water, which are generally productive of infinite uti
lity in faving immenfe labour, and promoting with
eafe, many conveniences of life to the benefit of his
fellow-creatures.
Perfpettive.
A more than ordinary knowledge in perfpeitive is
requifite for him, who wifhes to give a correct plan of
machines, looms, &c. and a traveller, whofe know
ledge of machines enables him to form a true idea of
any ingenious contrivance, will be greatly facilitated
in the accurate execution of the reprefentation of thofe
objects which relate to the above-mentioned fciences.
Geography.
Geography is a ftudy of fo important and ufeful a
nature, that its necefiity is known to every clafs of
men ; to travellers it is the firft and grand requifite,
without which he is as ill provided, as he would be in
attempting a journey without food or refrefhment. The

C 6 ]
Theufe of the Globes needs no recommendation to
prove their matchlefs utility, and ought to be confi-
dered as infeparable companions to Geography.
Navigation and Ship Building.
A knowledge of nautical affairs, renders fea voyages
both inftructive and agreeable ; for while it improves
the underftanding, it may at the fame time prove the
prefervation of the life of the traveller himfelf, as
well as thofe of the fhip's company, from the dangers,
diftreffes, and mifhaps of the fea, by rendering a man
capable of executing that which irregularity, intoxica
tion, or other circumftances may difable thofe from
performing, on whom the duty and obligation refts of
providing for the fafety both of themfelves and
others. i
Agriculture.
Agriculture being the moft ufeful as well as moft
neceffary of all arts, ought to be one of the firft ob
jects to engage his ferious application : an agricultural
nation muft of courfe become powerful, wealthy, and
happy ; and each individual ought to contribute to its
advancement as much as lies in his power : this will
therefore be a very great incitement to exert himfelf
in the purfuit of rural and domeftic ceconomy.
Befides the innumerable advantages, an attentive
and intelligent obferver of agricultural countries may
procure

C 7 ]
procure to his own native foil, this ftudy will render
him ftill more fenfible of the wants of others, and
benevolent towards that moft ufeful, and leaft efteemed
clafs of men, who not only feed, but alfo defend
their country.
The ftate of the labouring poor in his own country,
is alfo fuch an important object of the traveller's at-
tention and inquiry, that he ought to know it as well
as he does the fituation of his own family, otherwife
he will not be capable of comparing it with the ftate
of the peafantry in other countries, and confequently
remain uninformed of what is neceffary to be known
in many refpects. With a proper attention to the differ
ent methods of cultivating land in his own country,
he will foon accuftom himfelf to obferve abroad, how
the different foils are cultivated to the beft advantage,
and a little fpot forced as it were to afford fubfiftence
to a moft numerous family.
Languages.
It is absolutely impoffible to travel to advantage
without poffeffing the language ofthe country intended
to be vifited for information ; the Latin and French
are certainly infufficient, becaufe there are many, wi|h
whom an inquifitive traveller ought to converfe, who
are total ftrangers to both languages ; and as it is to
be fuppofed, that there are many publications in the
language of the country (not to mention the written
National

C 8 ]
National Law, the Municipal Laws, and Regulations.
of the Police) which muft demand his attention ; it is
obvious, that an affiduous ftudy of languages is una
voidably indifpenfable.
It ought alfo to be obferved, that the ftudy of the
language in the country where it is fpoken, would
deprive him of too great a portion of his time, which
could be employed to more ufeful purpofes.
I appeal to the experience and candor of gentlemen,
who have travelled with the knowledge of languages,
who muft confefs, that the capability of fpeaking the
language of the country has a powerful influence
upon the minds of the natives. They commonly
entertain a good idea of a foreigner, who fubmits to
the toil of acquiring their vernacular idiom, and he
meets with the fame eafy freedom, and is treated
with the fame friendly familiarity, as if he was a
native. It is alfo very convenient to underftand, and to be
underftood by thofe who are immediately neceffary to
the progrefs of the traveller, as well as thofe who are
the fuperintendants of Iris conduct and effects ; and of
the inferior clafs of people, who compofe the greater
part of a nation, and who have no knowledge of the
afore-mentioned languages. The

[ 9 3
The many impofitions and inconveniences to which
he is expofed, by being ignorant of the language of
the country, ought alfo to excite him to acquire dif
ferent languages, which will not be difficult to a marr
of moderate patience, under the inftruftion of an in
telligent linguift.
It will not be amifs to mention an infallible method
of learning almoft any language in fix months, as
prefcribed by the famous Sir William Jones, in his
grammar of the Perfian language, who fays, the fcho-
lar fhould tranflate from the language he wifhes to
learn, into his own, with the utmoft exactnefs ; then
lay afide the original, and after a proper interval, turn
the fame tranflation back into the original, by the
affiftance of the grammar and the dictionary. This
fecond tranflation muft afterwards be compared with
the original, and the faults corrected according to
that model. Arithmetic
Is an art, which, though not in the higheft efteem
as a branch of polite education, has its ufes, and is
not much lefs valuable than others ; a competent
knowledge of figures, qualifies the gentleman, mer
chant, planter, &c. to form a quick calculation1 in
matters of comparifon, produce, proportion, &c. and
if the art of computing by numbers is not allowed
to be ornamental, it muft ever be reckoned amongfl:
the moft ufeful branches of general information.
C Drawing.

Drawing.
The art of Drawing is one of the moft neceffary,
as well as one of the politeft accomplifhments a tra
veller can poffefs.
The drawing of landfcapes, dreffes, fetching, and
embellifhing his own minutes, form an agreeable part
of his amufements; but the fcientific drawing, refpeft-
ing complicate machines, engines, &c. with accuracy^
in different views, is by far more ufeful, and accord
ingly has been mentioned under perfpeftive.
A Legible and <2>uick Hand.
It is of the utmoft importance, that a traveller be
accuftomed to a legible hand, the want of which will
certainly expofe him to many inconveniences, and
finally occafion infinite delay and difappointment.
Able copifts are not always to be had ; and experi
ence daily teaches us, that it is impoffible to rely upon
the honour of ftrangers, with either prudence or fafety.
As it is to be expected that an inquifitive traveller,
will hear, fee, read, and be informed of many re
markable things, none of which he would leave by
choice to the chance of forgetting, a quick hand not
only relieves the memory, but infures us the pof-
feffion of the whole treafure, of which we could only
have been able to retain perhaps a trifling part.
Voluminous-

t « ]
Voluminous papers of confequence may be occafion-
ally lent to him for a fhort time, and not conveniently
admit of their being intrufted to a copift, or any one
elfe; and therefore he may not be able to reap the
advantage he might wifh, or his friend intended that
he fhould.
It would alfo be extremely ufeful to be inftructed
in fhort-hand writing ; and to know a fecret alphabet,
in order to conceal fuch important matters, as may be
improper for the inflection of prying or defigning
perfons.
Swimming*
Though the law of felf-prefervation inculcates to
every one to fecure himfelf againft danger, it will not
be fuperfluous to recommend the art of Swimming
to a perfon, who probably, in the courfe of his tra
vels, may be expofed to the danger of being drowned;
befides the duty of this care of ourfelves, Humanity
directs us to render ourfelves as capable as poffible to
fave the lives of our fellow-creatures as often as an
opportunity offers. What acrion is nobler than the
prefervation. of a life '—there is even fornething di
vine in it !
Some people imagine erroneoufly, that Swimming
.cannot be learnt by adults ; yet daily experience con
vinces us they are miftaken ; for, provided the place
of inftruftion does not increafe the natural timidity
C 2 of

[ » 1
of the pupil J if the mafter be expert, he will foon
make a progrefs in this neceffary art.
There are many machines conftrufted for buoying _
up the body, which might be ufed in the beginning, in
order to accuftom him to an eafy pofition upon the
water, and to infpire confidence. The moft common,
or beft known, which occur to me at this moment,
are the Cuirafs of Bachstrom, and the Scaphandre
of Mr. L'Abbe de la Chapelle, which is in high
repute in France.
Superficial Knowledge of Medicine.
Since there is no travelling without health ; fince
innumerable are the diforders to which human nature
is liable, and able phyficians and furgeons not every
where to be had, it is very advifable to lay in a ftock
of medical knowledge, fufficient to be acquainted with
the chief caufes of difeafes, and to prepare fimple
remedies for thofe which moft commonly occur.
With regard to chirurgical knowledge, it will in
many inftances be extremely ufeful to be capable of
bleeding, and dreffing a wound, to which travellers
are often expofed.
He fhould alfo know the moft approved methods of
recovering drowned and frozen perfons, and fuch as
have

[ *3 ]
have been fuffocated by noxious vapours ; becaufe he
will certainly find emergencies, which may call upon
him for the exertion of this interefting knowledge, and
enable him to preferve a life — the nobleft action of
which he can be capable. Travellers in hot climates
are often affefted by the fudden impreffion of the fun,
called by the French Coup de Soleil; — a never- failing
remedy for the dangerous accidents of this kind would
be of great utility.

Mufii

tc.

A competent (kill in this art will, on many occa-
fions, be far more ufeful to a traveller than he can
imagine : it will agreably ftipply a want of Society,
introduce him to many polite companies, and procure
him valuable acquaintances. Few people diflike Mufic,
and if he fhould beftow his leifure hours on that inno
cent amufement, fo as to pleafe himfelf by entertain
ing others, his pains will be amply repaid. Mufic
will alfo divert him from the gaming-table, and per
haps irregular companies, to which he will be other-
wife liable.
A portable inftrument, as for inftance, a German
flute, is preferable to larger ones.
Knowledge of Mankind.
A great many excellent works have been publifhed
en this fubjeft in almoft all the languages of Europe, by

[ 14 ]
by writers of experience and ability, by which I ftand
wholly excufed from commenting further on that ex
tenfive and difficult fubjeft, and need only add, that
in order to make a rapid progrefs in the knowledge
of Mankind, every one fhould infpeft his own heart;
before he attempts to inquire into the charafter of
others, he fhould obferve his own inclinations and
inconfiftencies, watch himfelf on all occafions, know
his failings, analize the operations of his foul, arid
then proceed to obferve others with the utmoft atten
tion, even in trifles. The utility ofthe knowledge of
Mankind is obvious, it is not difficult to guide men
as we p'leafe, if we are able to look into their heart
and head.
Knowledge of the State of our own
Country.
As certain as it is that a Phyfician will try in vaia
to cure a Patient, whofe bodily conftitution and difeafe
is entirely unknown to him, fo will a Patriot's incli
nation for finding out remedies for the difeafes of the
Political Body of his nation be ufelefs, unlefs he knows
where and how the real caufe of the complaint is
concealed; therefore to penetrate to the different roots
of thofe evils which may affect his native country, and
to acquire a perfeft idea of the fituation of his own
fellciw-fubjefts, it will be neceffary to perufe atten
tively the hints given him by experienced and intelli gent

C «5 I
gent men (mentioned in page 2) and to complete are
Oiconomical and Commercial Tour through all the
diftrifts of his own country, in the company of a
well-informed and inquifitive friend, avoiding all
precipitation either in his inquiries, or progrefs of his
journey. The moft common as well as the moft dangerous
principles of evil among nations, proceed from the op-
preffion of the peafantry, and from an erroneous fyftem
of Agriculture; which ought to excite him to inquire
as minutely as poffible into the ftate of the labouring
poor, and into the different parts of rural and do-
meftic ceconomy, and with the fame anxiety as if fent
for that purpofe by Government.
It will be advifable to write down bis obfervations.
upon the fame plan as he propofed to himfelf, for
his inveftigations in foreign countries, and by thus
collecting the moft extenfive and ufeful information he
can obtain refpecting his own country, he will accuf
tom himfelf to inquire fyftematically when abroad,
and will be capable to compare with accuracy, the
ftate of his own country with that of any other.
The cojleftion of queftions in the courfe of this.
work, will perhaps be of ufe, and facilitate his in
quiries in his CEconomical and Commercial Tour;
which laft I think needs no further obfervations, fince
1 1 have

[ »6 ]
I have alfo ftated feparate queries applicable to each
Manufacture, and Sea Port in general.
Previous Knowledge qf the Country
which the Traveller intends to vifit.
Since it is confirmed by truth, that a traveller's cu-
riofity is in proportion to his inftruftion, it will be
neceffary for him to read the beft hiftories of the
ancient and prefent ftate of the country he propofes
to vifit ; to make extrafts of them, which he might
compare afterwards with his own obfervations; to
take particular notice of the origin of the nation, its
moft remarkable periods, the caufes of its flourifhing,
languid or declining ftate, of its prefent conftitution,
refources, wealth, power, &c. &c.
Under the hiftory ofthe Prefent State arecomprifed
Geographical Defcriptions, Modern Travels and Jour
nies, which will point out what hitherto remained un-
obferved. It will alfo be requifite to procure, fome time pre
vious to his fetting out, the moft correct, general,
and fpecial Maps of the Country, to have them
properly fitted up on linen, in order to render them
convenient for the pocket ; this Map muft be re
ferred to as often as he wifhes to read fome account of
that country'. Ar*t

h\

[ i7 J
By the frequency of infpeftion, the contents of
the Map will be deeply impreffed on the mind ; and by
this method he will be able to feleft fuch a Tour as
will be probably one of the moft inftruftive : the
common road is too well known to afford any thing
very new or curious, and confequently fewer difco-
veries are to be made upon it than upon an unbeaten
one. A traveller fliould alfo, before he fets out for any
place, have an accurate defcription of the curiofities
of the road that leads to it, and thus himfelf verify
what has been mentioned by others.
The more time he will beftow before hand for the
acquifition of knowledge ofthe country he is inclined
to vifit, the more leifure hours he will have for
ocular infpeftion and inveftigation of objefts worthy
of his attention.
All thofe gentlemen who flatter themfelves to have
travelled ufefully, will agree, that a traveller ought
to know what to look for, in order to difcover the
objeft of his purfuit before he comes on the fpot ;
Otherwife it is too late : the principal work is to fee
how far the ideas we had formed of an object Were
founded on reafon during anticipation.
In fpite of the greateft care and attention, a great
many objects will efcape even a well- prepared mind ;
D therefore

[ i8 ]
-therefore people cannot familiarize theftifelves fuffi-
ciently at home with thofe objects they intend to in-
quire after abroad, and ought to accuftom themfelveg
to refleft often upon them before they commence
their journey.
They fhould alfo have written, infiruSions from
fuch of their friends as have travelled, how to vifit
foreign countries to advantage, fafely, agreeably, and
cheap ; compare thofe hints together, and follow that
advice which feems the moft reafonable.
It muft naturally be expected, that the method of
confulting the experience of intelligent perfons will
<fave the traveller much time, expence, and trouble,
and greatly contribute towards his fatisfaftion.
The proverbial fayings of the nations, contain in a
few words their manner of reafoning,. and deferve to
be known before he penetrates the country, that he
¦may be previoufly informed of the way of thinking of
the natives.

SECTION

[ >9 ]
SECTION II.
On the ObjeBs mojl worthy of a Tra*
vellers Di/covery, and Invejligation
in Foreign Countries.
X. HE objefts deferving a traveller's attention
being multifarious, it will be neceffary to divide them
into claffes according to their importance.
In the firft Clafs belong
Such objects as affect immediately the welfare of
Mankind, and confequently proniote the univerfal
good, and may be inveftigated by every one endowed
with a common fhare of underftanding. Information,
which has the public utility in view, is generally to be
had without expence, and a well-direfted fpirit of
inquiry, would prove the key to their accefs ; theft-
fore I am of opinion, that no traveller of any
description whatever fhould negleft inquiring
carefully into fuch fubjefts as contribute to the feli
city of the human race.
D 2 The

[ 20 J
The fecond Clafs contains
Objefts, whereof an extenfive knowledge would be
capable of kereafing the profperity of a tsaveller's
native country, and which are partly blended with the
welfare of humanity at large.
The third Clafs comprehends
Thofe aims, the objefts of which invite, and have
refpeftive attraction from perfonal advantages and
improvements, and apply to that fphere of life, in
which the traveller himfelf is deftined to aft.
In the fourth Clafs are included
Such branches of ornamental knowledge as might be
cultivated without neglecting, or flighting either one
of the preceding claffes, and are commonly purfued
by every traveller, who wifhes to convince the world
<$f the improvement he has attained by vifiting foreign
countries. I fhall then attempt to ftate the

WORTHIEST OBJECTS of INQUIRY.
I.
Prefervation of Human Life.
Since the life of man is beyond all calculable value,
let me conjure every philanthropift to exert himfelf in,

C 2! ]
in collefting thofe Regulations, Charitable Inftitutiorre,
and Studied Contrivances, and every other material
which can be adopted, and is calculated for preferv
ing it.
Attention, and indefatigable ardour in his purfurt,
will enable him to make many happy difcoveries,
which may contribute thereto, and be an ample gra
tification to his generous and benevolent heart.
In every civilized country it is hoped fuch provifiort
may be met with, for preventing the frequency of
capital crimes of every defcription, as far as the
frailties and inability of human nature will admit of.
The prevention of crimes is faving the lives of
many of thofe who would have feH viftims to the
offended laws of fuch countries, whofe government
infiifts death, as the only equivalent and fatisfaftioii
for them, and where little pains are taken to obviate
the caufes of thofe crimes.
But by taking information concerning wife laws on
thefe heads, a traveller may be able to communi
cate his valuable difcoveries to the lawgiver of his
country, and contribute in a great degree to ren
der his countrymen lefs criminal, and to fave the lives
of many. In what can the human mind be fo happily
engaged ?

It

[ ** ]
It will be eafy to a public fpirited man, who by his
knowledge of mankind has acquired the arf of per-
fuading, to convince other nations of the neceffity of
adopting the laudable fyftem of preventive juftice.
Next to the judicious provifions I have above fpoken
of, there are many wife municipal laws, and orders
of the police of various countries, which tend imme
diately to the prefervation of its fubjefts, which will
appear in a treatife feparate from this work, and a
few inftances only will be offered to the reader's pe-
rufal, as follow :
Excellent Regulations for preventing the Plague are
enjoined to the Superintendants of LazarettoU of
Leghorn, Marfeilles, Malta, Ancona, &c.
New and SalutaryPrefcriptions for obviating Epide
mical, and Endemical Sickneffes, and for fupprefling
their progrefs, are to be met with chiefly in Tufcany,
and in the Emperor's dominions.
Eftablifhments for providing againfl Scarcities of
Corn, and preventing the Poor from perifliing by
Famine, are to be found in many parts of the Conti
nent, particularly in Tufcany, and in Pruflia.
Ordinances for preventing apparently Dead Bodies
from being buried alive, are wifely directed and en
forced in Auftria, different parts of Italy, &c.
Regulations

[ 23 ]
Regulatibns for preventing the Murder of Illegiti
mate Children by their unfortunate Mothers, who are
often induced to thofe cruel afts from fear of ftiame,
or of bodily punifhment, or defpair of the infants
fubfiftence, have been made in Auftria, Pruffia,
France, and different ftates of Italy.
A Protefting Machine for preventing the common
evil of overlaying and fmothering children, has been
invented in Tufcany, and its life countenanced, di
rected, and enforced by the government of Florence,
and has been fince adopted in Germany, Sweden,
Spain, and lately in Great-Britain, where, by an ac
curate calculation, it has been difcovered, that fince
the year 1686 upwards of FORTY-TWO THOU
SAND Children have been overlaid.
Charitable Inflitutions for recovering drowned,
ftrangled, fmothered, and frozen people, are to be
found in Germany, France, Holland, Ruffia, &c.
without mentioning the Humane Society of London,
which by the uncommon Abilities and Philanthropy
of the Drs. Hawes and Lettsom, and other pub-
lic-fpirited Gentlemen, may ferve as a precedent to
inflitutions of this nature, and does great honour to
the generosity and unlimited benevolence of
the Englilh Nation.
Difcoveries are daily made of, before unknown,
caufes of mortal difeafes, poifonous food, fuch as the
fifh

[ «4 1
¦fifh called Ciquato, at the Havannah, the plant Aefhufa
Cinapium. Lin. Cicuta Virofa. Lin. Sec.
Preparations for portable food, to prevent the ca
lamity of famine at fea.
Contrivances of machines for fwimming and to
prevent drowning by accidents in the dark, amongft
which may be mentioned with great admiration for
its ingenuity, the floating light, invented by Mr.WM.
Shipley, a gentleman endeared to all men, as a
public promoter of the welfare of his country, and
equally beloved for his unlimited benevolence.
Innumerable objefts of this kind may be quoted, to
prove how far mankind has advanced in ufeful difco
veries, and to excite Philanthropifts to continue to
increafe them.
After the prefervation of human life, nothing can
offer itfelf as more worthy of engaging our next con
sideration, than II.
The Means of providing for the mofi
negletled Clafs of Inhabitants.
The traveller's utmoft care and attention is now
demanded in a minute inquiry into all the charitable
inftitutions and eftablifliments founded for the relief of
fuffering

[ 2S 1
foffering humanity, as hofpitals for the fick, for
lying-in poor women, foundlings and orphan-houfes,
mad-houfes, prifons, and, in general, all fuch places
as contain objects of our companion.
Charitable inflitutions of innumerable kinds are to
be found in all parts of Europe ; but moft generally
in England, Italy, and Spain. The government of
Madrid has even fent to Germany for plans of dif
ferent eftablifliments, as for inftance, La Ronda de
pan y Hu£vo.s, a fociety of gentlemen remarkable
for the extenfivenefs and benevolence of their defign.
Next to the infirmities to which we are liable, we muft
eonfider the
in.
Employment of the Poor.
The means of employing the flout but indolent
Poor, the not entirely difabled Poor of both fexes,
finall children, poor houfe-keepers, and unfortunate
people of the middle clafs of citizens, who wifh to
earn their bread privately in an honeft manner, de-
ferve to be confidered as objefts of particular notice.
So does the manner of providing for the poor, in
firm, fuperannuated, and entirely difabled ; the nature
and ftability of the neceffary funds, and the fyftem of
management of them. The manner of fupplying the
E Poor

C 26 3
Poor with food, agreeable to their refpeftive ages, ancl
at a very cheap rate, muft not be forgpt.
In order to have a perfect knowledge of the ftate
ofthe Poor, without which it is impoflible to judge
with any certainty of the degree of wealth and power
ef a nation, it will be neceffary to perufe all the Poor
Laws, to inquire how far they are enforced, and to
have ocular proofs, as often as circumftances will
permit. After having treated of the Employment
of the Poor, nothing can more juftly demand our
notice than IV.
Improvements in Agriculture,
It muft be the greateft comfort to a feeling mind tp
increafe the methods pf fubfiftence of our fellow.
<c reatures, by an improved Agriculture, by introducing
wfeful plants, roots, grains, &c. that hitherto have
not yet been cultivated in the country.
A traveller may eafily procure himfelf that plea
fure ; he ought tp get a lift of the moft celebrated
hufbandmen of the country, vifit them, and inform
himfelf of the moft minute as well as the moft lucra
tive productions of rural ceconomy ; compare that ac
count with the lift of the productions of his country,
of which he muft carry with him a duplicate on his
fetting

t 27 ]
Tetting out from home ; and if he finds any feeds,
root, or plant, unknown in his country, neither trou
ble nor expence muft be fpared to obtain a very ex
tenfive and clear defcription of the culture, manner of
preparing, ufe, utility, &c. of this production.
If he could have ocular information, it would be
ftill better, and all he has feen or heard concerning
that objeft, muft be committed to paper on the fpor,
alfo by duplicate ; which trifling trouble would be
highly compenfated, if by fome accident or other one
copy fhould be loft.
In many inftances it would be advifable to make
bur fortunate difcoveries known to our friends, who
are in the agricultural line, becaufegood things cannot
be known too foon ; and travellers are fometimes ex
pofed to lofe their papers and valuable informations,
which are not always to be regained.

Difcoveries of Machines.
Inftruments and tools, calculated for leffening the
Fatigues of the poor hufbandman, are fo much more
defirable, as there are many people annually ener
vated and loft, by violent efforts of labour ; which is
expected, will be a great excitement for the travel
ler's utmoft exertions, to bring to light inventions of
this nature.
E 2 AH

[ 28 ]
All contrivances for cleaning land from weeds,
ploughing, fowing, reaping, threfhing, grinding corn,
draining, and flooding lands, approved methods of
raifing grafs and vegetables, planting timber and fruit
trees, felling and tranfporting timber, fawing mills
of all kinds, ingenious conftruftions of carts, and in
general, all real improvements in rural and domeftic
ccconomy, deferve the greateft care and attention.
VI.
Difcoveries made by, and offered to
Patriotic Societies.
Owing to the rapid progrefs of a general fpirit of
improvement in all Europe, the number of patriotic,
ceconomical, and other ufeful focieties are continually
augmenting ; even Spain is not backward in that re-
fpeft ; for towards the end of April 1788, forty-fix
focieties of this nature exifted in that country.
The greateft part of ufeful difcoveries are cer
tainly offered, fought for, and procured, by thofe
kinds of focieties in Europe ; and humanity is un
doubtedly infinitely indebted to them.
Therefore a traveller fhould get a lift of all the fo
cieties of this defcription, that are to be found in each
country ; and permiffion will eafily be obtained from the

I 29 ]
the refpeftive focieties, to furvey the repofitories of
their machines ; to know for what objefts premiums
have been given, and promifed ; in what they com
monly confiil, &c. Perhaps it will not be difficult to
get models, prints, or drawings of the machines in
queflion, and the neceffary explanations of them.
It would be alfo advifable to eftablifh an inter-
courfe of letters with the fecretary, or fome active
member of each fociety, in order to be informed from
time to time of any new and beneficial difcoveries.
After having inveftigated the progrefs of Agricul
ture, it will be neceffary to proceed to the furvey of
VIL
Manufacture and Commerce.
There are many voluminous machines, engines,
looms, and other ingenious contrivances to be found
in manufactures, of which the traveller fhould endea
vour, as much as poffible, to procure models, prints,
drawings, and a very circumftantial defcription of the
conftruftion, expence of making, and utility, as well
as the ufe, &c. of fuch machines ; as alfo a knowledge
of the refidence, and name of the inventor or maker,
whether they are permitted to be exported or not; how
long fuch machines may laft, &c. would alfo be
defirable. The

[ S° ]
The fpecial fubfequent queries, applicable to eacfl
Manufactory, will be fufficient to explain the reft.
I will only adjoin, that a traveller, who furveys a
manufactory, fhould alfo endeavour to procure a lift
of all the articlss made there, with their refpeftive
prices. Next to a well underftood fyftem of hufbandryj
Commerce is the fureft way of employing people in a
profitable mannerj and of enriching and populating a
country. Therefore a traveller, who has the welfare of his
country at heart, mnft be very anxious to get infor
mation, how the inland branches of it are conducted,
how the commercial intercourfe between the country
he vifits, and his nation, may be increafed; new
branches of Commerce difcovered, rendered flourifh-
ing, and decayed ones revived.
Under this head is comprehended alfo navigation*
fifhery, and fhip-building, each of which is capable
of affording fufficient employment to the induftrious
clafs ,of men, and confiderably increafe the wealth of
a nation. A matter of no fmall importance is the propel?
regulation of VIII. Taxes.

VIII.
Taxes.
It is very defirable to know in different countries,
how the poorer clafs of people is relieved from the
burthen of partial, and unequal taxes, and which
fyftem of taxation is the moft conducive to the prof-
perity of a nation. The objefts of Taxation and
Finance being fo clofely connected, that when we
mention the one, it is fcarcely poffible to forget the
frther.
IX.
Finance,
The various means employed by government, to
raife great fum$ of money, without enervating the
fubjeft ; the method of preferving the credit of the
flateathome, as well 3s abroad; and the fyftem of
well underftood cqconomy, are objects of the greateft
moment to a patriotic traveller.
I fhall now intrpduce fome qbferyatipns on laws
and adminiftration of jufiice. X.
Laws and Adminiftration of Jufiice^
The importance and utility of thofe laws intended
to prevent crimes, have been already treated of; but
there

C 32 ]
there are many others, both civil and criminal, wor
thy of being inquired into ; becaufe they contribute
much towards the happinefs or mifery of thofe for
whom they are made.
There are in every country, fome remarkably ju
dicious laws, though not always put in force, which
deferve to be taken notice of by men inclined to
information. Italy affords an ample fcope, and Tufcany more fo,
of legiflative prudence.
The reigning Grand Duke is univerfally acknow
ledged to be one of the wifeft and moft humane
legiflators that ever was born for the happinefs of a
nation; his code of penal laws, lately publifhed by
Mr- Howard (to whom all countries are indebted) tran-
flated into moft languages of Europe, confirms the
truth of my aflertion ; and a traveller, who wifhes to
collect well-calculated regulations, will not be difap-
pointed, if he looks for them amongft thofe, made
in the glorious reign of this juft and benevolent
prince. Before we conclude this feftion, it will not be amifs
to touch upon one of the firft objefts of the attention
of the legiflative power, that of XI. Education.

I 33 3
XI.
Education.
Education has fuch a powerful influence upon all
our aftions, that it may be looked upon as the fpring
of the happinefs or mifery of man in particular, and
fociety at large ; it will invite the attention of a tra
veller, to inquire into the different methods of form
ing the bodies of children with powers of vigour,
and activity, and of improving their hearts and
underftanding. Befides a great many ufeful obfervations that mny
be made, by ftudying national education ; and to apply
it to the benefit of our own native country, it will
be founri an eaiier matter to judge with fome degree
of certainty of the national character ; becaufe men
in general adopt that character and manners, which
education and habit have forcibly impreffed on
them.

SECTION

[ 34 ]

SECTION III.
On Information, and the Means of
obtaining it.
i.
A RAVELLERS ought to lay down as a rule to
themfelves, never to receive information upon fub-
jefts of lefs utility, as long as more profitable ones
are challenging their attention ; neverthelefs it will be
advifable, rather to take the trouble of infpecting ten
feemingly ufelefs objefts, than to neglect examining
one, that might be inftruftive and profitable.
II.
He who looks for information, fhould never rely
upon the reports of others, except there is a pofitive
impoflibility to do otherwifc ; we are often mifled by
our own eyes, and ftill oftner, if we negleft fur-
veying things ourfelves. HI.
He that travels fhould make as many obfervations
as he can upon every object that will prefent itfelf to
him,

L 35 J
him, and thus accuftom himfelf to take notice of every
thing, and nothing of confequence will efcape his
attention. IV.
They who vifit foreign countries for the fake of
information, will act with prudence, to conceal tlif
motive of their journey to fuch perfons as may feem
very anxious to know it ; it will be eafy to find a
plaufible pretext to amufe them with, without a ne
ceffity for the violation of truth ; great care muft be
taken not to put on a myfterious air, or to incur the
particular attention of uiquifitive perfons.
V.
Before the traveller inquires into the prefent ftate or"
important objefts, he fhould endeavour to get informa
tion refpecting their beginning, their moft memorable
periods, and epochs, the caufes of their increafe or
decreafe, till the prefent moment, and to review the
moft authentic documents, and afterwards to form
queries in fuch a manner, that one may lead to the
other, in order to curtail the inquiry.
VI.
He fhould endeavour as much as poflible to obtain
a complete lift of celebrated men for fervices rendered
to the public, and know for what fervices the country
is the moft ready to be grateful. F a VII. Emi-

[ 36 ]
VII.
Eminent Bookfellers will be capable of giving a
traveller direftions and hints concerning authors of
ufeful literary produftions, and through them he may
alfo gain accefs to thofe fons of genius ; for this reafon
foreigners fhould not negleft to vifit th.e firft Book
fellers fhops in every town, as foon as may be conve
nient. Famous authors of ufelefs publications do not
deferve the traveller's attention ; time fhould not be
trifled with, fince there are plenty of more important
inveftigations ever waiting to be made.
VIII.
Men with the beft of hearts, and improved under-
ftanding, will be the beft company he can feek after ;
and he may be affured of being well received by
them, if he difcovers, that he wifhes to contribute,
by a colleftion of ufeful, knowledge, to- the welfare of
humanity, and the happinefs of his country; and it may
be expected that they will communicate to him many
obfervations tending to the felicity of mankind. In-
ftruftions procured by converfations with virtuous and
well informed men, are very pleating, becaufe a man
may learn with eafe in a fhort time, what has coftthem
an unwearied application of many years. The max
ims, and remarks of fuch men, fhould be carefully
treafured up, and the greateft part of a traveller's
time fpent in their company, as far as it can be done
without inconveniencing them. A traveller who is
fo happy as to be admitted into an intimacy with men of

[ 37 I
of merit, fhould endeavour at his departure from the
place of their refidence, to eftablifh an epiftolary inter.
courfe and friendly connection with them, inform
them of any important difcoveries made in his tour,
and beg them to acquaint him of any thing ufeful to
mankind that may have been produced by them, or
communicated to them by others.
IX.
An inquifitive traveller fhould alfo procure the
addrefs of all able artifts, and a minute account of
their ingenious inventions tending to promote the
happinefs of their fellow-creatures ; it will be ad-
vifable to vifit this ufeful clafs of men as foon as
poffible, and to communicate to them fuch difcove
ries, as have been made in the traveller's country,
relative to the public good, and of which he fhould
have a very minute defcription on his fetting out.
This aft of exchange of mutual kindnefs will banim
referve, and open the mind to humane fenfations,
and excite them to fhew the traveller whatever ad
vantage their inventions may have produced. Before
the traveller leaves the place of their refidence, he
fhould eftablifh a correfpondence with thefe artifts, ia
order to have an account from time to time of all
new inventions and ufeful contrivances. A perfon
who vifits foreign countries in this manner, muft
without doubt collect ineftimable materials for the
improvement of ufeful arts, and advancement of
really profitable fcience. X. le

Z 38 ]
x.
It would not be amifs to have alfo a lift of fuch
perfons as are reputed as eccentric geniufes, and ex
traordinary men ; an acquaintance with thofe kind of
people, would procure the traveller all forts of ufeful
difcoveries, which perhaps are little efteemed in the
country, becaufe generated in the brains of a man,
who is thought to be uncommon and lingular.
XI.
It is ufual in many places, to publifh all forts of
political and commercial accounts, by which a proper
judgment of the country may be formed ; therefore
it will be neceffary to apply for fuch information,
and chiefly at the offices of thofe Bookfellers, who
are the Law Printers of the country, and the editors
of fuch works as concern the regulations of finance
and commerce. XII.
A traveller, whofe intent it is to ftudy the genius,
manners, and cuftoms of a nation, will find them
much more original in fuch provinces, as are at the
greateft diftance from the capital. The moft ancient
people, and moft originaLlanguage of the country, are
to be found among the mountaineers ; the good or bad
effects of the government are alfo more obfervable in
diftant provinces, than in thofe which are nearer the
metropolis. XIII. In

I 39 ]
XIII.
In order to know the charafter and genius of the
inferior clafs of people, he ought to conceal his rank
in his converfation with them, otherwife they will not
difcover tliemfelves, or converfe either free, or
openly ; they will endeavour to appear more than
commonly civil, and the traveller will not be capable
of forming a juft opinion of them.
XIV.
To ridicule the manners and cuftoms of the foreign
country the traveller is in, would argue a great im
prudence and want of knowledge of mankind ; he
fhould, on the contrary, find out a reafonable excufe
for the weakneffes of the nation ; yet, without making
himfelf guilty of fervility, or flattery, and by con
forming with circumfpeftion to the ftyle of the natives,
he will gain the confidence of every defcription of
its inhabitants, which will open the paffage to that
information which he wants.
XV.
His being prefent at civil and criminal procedures,
and particularly while interefting fubjefts are pleading,
will greatly contribute to his knowledge of the laws,
and adminiftiation of jufiice of the country," and
enable him to make important obfervations on the
practice of its courts, XVI. Tra-

r 4° ]
XVI.
Travellers fhould avail themfelves of the advantage
of having a lift of all the manufaftures that are to be
found in the country, but chiefly of thofe that are
eftablifhed in every place they pafs through, and in
its neighbourhood, with as extenfive a defcription as
the inftructing perfon can give.
XVII.
A traveller will fee a manufacture to much more
advantage, and be enabled to afk more inftruftive
queftions about the bufinefs carried on in it, if he
will be at the trouble, before hand, to read the whole
defcription of its workmanfhip in the diftionary pf
arts ; by thefe means, he will be prepared for its
infpeftion, and know chiefly what to look for, and
wherein the greateft difficulty confifts.
XVIII.
When travellers examine eftablifliments of this
kind, they fhould not negleft inquiring into the time
of their infiitution, and the degree of increafe, or
decreafe, in order to judge of the ftate of induftiy in
the country. XIX.
By infpefting the manufaftures of a country, the
inquifitive traveller fliould alfo ftudy the tafte and
fancv

C 4» 3
fancy of the natives, in order to inform his country^
men, in the manufaftural line, how to fupply that
foreign country with fuch commodities, as are beft
adapted to its confumption and ufes ; and thus keep
up an extenfive trade, by which its cultivators may be
rendered comfortable, rich, and happy*
XX.
In paffing through villages, he fhould carefully
inquire how much population and confumption have
increafed, or decreafed, during the laft five, ten, or
twenty years, and to what caufes it is to be attributed.
XXI.
Annals of differeht places contain often very ufeful
and remarkable anecdotes ; therefore it is highly
worth a traveller's attention, to perufe their index, and
to extraft what may be moft ufeful in common life.
XXII.
When a traveller irifpefts a library, he fhould not
negleft afking, whether it contains manufcripts that
have never yet been ufhered into the world, what their
titles are, and whether it is to be fuppofed, that they
might be of any particular utility to mankind, if
publifhed. XXIII.
When a gentleman travels in countries, which for
merly have been remarkable for their fplendour and
G riches,

[ 42 ]
riches, he ought to inform himfelf very accurately
refpecting thofe places where moft antiquities have
been dug up, of what kind they are, how they are
commonly difpofed of; whether ancient gold and
fil ver coins are not bought by Goldfmiths for thepur-
pofe of melting, which would be the eafieft manner of
procuring fuch coins, &c. By thofe kind of inquiries,
many precious pieces may be refcued from the fire,
and the Republic of Letters enriched by their prefer
vation. Since Spain remains fo little inveftigated, I
hope to oblige the curious, by informing them, that
in the neighbourhood of Barcelona, Tarragona,
Morviedro, Valencia, Murcia, Granada, Ecija,
Seville, Medina-Sidonia, Corduba, Sec. many valua
ble antiquities of different forts might be collected,
and often bought up very cheap.

SECTION

[ 43 ]

SECTION IV.

On committing Obfervations to Paper.

A,

I.

.N inquifitive traveller fhould never be without
paper, pen, and ink, in his pocket, becaufe anno
tations made with lead pencils are eafily obliterated,
and thus he is often deprived of the benefit of his
remarks. H,
Travellers ought to commit to paper whatever they
find remarkable, hear, or read, and their fenfations on
examining different objefts; it is advifjble to doit
upon the fpot, if the time, the place, and the cir-
cumftances will admit of it ; even fuch obfervations
thatpromife but a remote advantage, fhould be written
down as foon as convenient. III.
The daily remarks ought to be copied from the
pocket-book into the journal before the traveller goes
to reft : by ufmg this method, nothing effential will
G 2 be

[ 44 ]
be forgotten, and the whole remain frefh on the
memory. IV.
The journal ought to be written in fuch a manner
as to admit notes to be annexed. Truth muft religi-
oufly be adhered to, and elegance of expreffion
banifhed from it, if it be in the leaft unfavourable to
veracity. V.
It is very ufeful to keep another book befides the
journal, wherein a certain number of {beets are dedi
cated to each head. This book ought to contain
matters of faft only, and nothing dubious fhould find
a place in it. Travellers fhould generally be inclined
to doubt, and never take any thing for granted, un-
lefs its truth be evident. Printed lifts, accounts
publifhed by government, may, notwithftanding, be
falfe ; neverthelefs they deferve a place in the above-
mentioned book, becaufe their anthenticity feems to
be confirmed by public authority. This book being
an extraft of the moft interefting facts the journal
contains, becomes the more valuable, in cafe the jour
nal fhould be loft, becaufe there is a dependance on
the contents of it.
Since the journal may comprehend a great many
interefting matters, it may not be advifable for a tra
veller to carry it about his perfon for fear of lofing it,
unlefs

[ 45 ]
unlefs in the fide pocket, and thus fufficiently fecured '
againfl the attempts of common thieves. Travellers,
who are afraid of accidents, generally keep a double
journal, and preferve it in two feparate places. It is
alfo imprudent, and often very dangerous for a tra
veller to lend his journal; in cafe he has promifed to
a friend to communicate him fome valuable informa
tion, which he fhould not frequently do, it will be
better to take the trouble of giving a copy of that
fubjeft, than to put the journal in another man's
hands. VI.
A fecret, undecypherable charafter, already men.
tioned under the article, Quick and Legible Hand, will
ever prove of infinite fervice. VII.
A traveller's memory will be greatly relieved, by
putting down the queries he wifhes to have anfwered ;
and the numbering of them will prevent confufion.
It is neceffary to be remarkably cautious with regard
to thefe queries ; they fhould be taken the utmoft care
of; for fhould they by fome accident be loft, and found
in fome countries, where the goverment is confcious
of its weaknefs, the innocent proprietor might perhaps
be looked upon as a fpy, and treated as fuch if
difcovered. VIII. If

[ 46 3
VIII.
If information is given to a traveller upon any fub-
jeft of confequence, it is proper to mention the name
and employment of the ^perfons who communicated
it, with the place, and date, in the journal, becaufe
the veracity of the intelligence depends much on the
quality of him who furnifhed it.

ECTION

C 47 ]

SECTION V.

On the Means of providing for the
Safety of the Traveller s Perfon
and Property.

A-

. Traveller expofes himfelf to many inconveniences,
if he cannot depend upon the fidelity, fobriety, fe-
crecy, intrepedity, and averfion to illicit and dangerous
amufements of his fervant ; for this reafon, his cha
rafter cannot be too well known, before an agreement
takes place.
A fervant felefted to accompany a gentleman on
his travels, fhould be converfant with the French
language ; write a legible and quick hand, in order
to be able to copy whatever is laid before him ;
know a little of forgery, and to bleed well, in cafe
his mafter fhould meet with an accident in a fpot
where no chirurgical afliflance is to be expected.
Gentlemen fhould endeavour to attach fuch ufeful
fervants to their perfons, by fhowing them the fame
care as a father has for his child, and promife him a
fettlement for life on their return. II. Fami-

[ 48 ]
II.
Familiarity with fellow travellers beyond a certain
degree, is very imprudent, and may fometimes produce
dreadful confequences ; never afk another man's
name, the motive of his travelling, the time he intends
to continue in a place; and if you obferve, that people
wifh to know your concerns, anfwer them with cir-
cumfpeftion, in fuch a manner, as may make them
give up their curiofity without being offended.
III.
The company of drinkers, players, and women,
fhould be carefully avoided, becaufe by affociating
with them, reputation, health, -money, and what is
flill more precious, Time, is loft, and melancholy
experience is bought very dear.
IV.
There are in all countries to be found fome very
diffolute countrymen of every traveller, whofe com
pany is by all means to be avoided; their chief effort
will be to borrow money, to live, and riot at the ex-
pence of the unexperienced ; to be introduced into
refpeftable families, to whom foreigners of prudence
are recommended ; and to difhonour, and poffibly
plunder them alfo. It will be advifable to inquire
whether thofe of our countrymen, whofe conduct may
be fufpefted, frequent their ambaffador's houfe, and
how they are received there : and even if they are
well received by the minifter, travellers fhould not be
too

[ 49 1
too fond of their company, unlefs they are men of
merit, and of an inquifitive turn.
V.
As foon as foreigners arrive in a capital, they fhould
wait on their ambaffador, in order to claim his pro-
teftion in cafe of an accident ; and to be prefented at
court, and to the firft nobility, if they feel a pleafure
in fuch companies. In fome places they will not be
admitted into the firft companies, unlefs they are
known to the ambaffador, which leaves an impreffion
of refpeftability.
It would be a ridiculous' vanity' for a traveller to
carry diamond rings, or very expenfive watches, pre
cious fnuff-boxes, and valuable trinkets j they would
often expofe his ljfe, and ferve as a ftandard to
inn-keepers, and others of that kind, to raife their
charges by. In fome countries, it is even dangerous
to fhow gold coins, filver fpoons, and fuch articles ;
therefore too much caution cannot be ufed againfl:
exhibiting fuch dangerous property.
VII.
The beft way of conveying papers of confequence,
is to put them in a girt of buck-fkin, furnifhed with
four pockets, each one inch diftant from the other ;
for its eafier pliancy, the girt ought to be ten inches
broad, and fattened under the waiftcoat round the
body with fix fmall buckles, and each pocket buttoned
H with

, C 5° 3
with three very fmall, flat, metal buttons : it will bo
of great ufe in riding hard, and can, if properly
made, contain many papers, which would eafily be
loft out of the pocket. To leave papers of import
ance behind in the trunk, is by far not fo fafe, becaufe
a fire may happen, or the trunk may be loft by fome
accident. VIII.
Double-barrelled pocket piftols are very well cal
culated for the defence of the traveller, particularly
thofe which have both barrels above, and do not
require turning : it is neceffary to afcertain their
ftrength before they are ufed ; and agate ftones are
preferable to the common flint. Many people prefer
putting a piece of cork upon the balls, and pretend
that it prevents them from moving. The beft pofi-
tion for piftols in a coach is the horizontal one, and
the little bolt which obviates their going off, is a teal
improvement. IX.
Since it is impoflible to know what goods are for
bidden in different countries, information on that
head fhould be had before foreigners enter into another
territory, in order to avoid many inconveniences,
which might arife from trifles : in fome countries the
whole luggage is confifcated, if prohibited goods are
found with them, and the owners condemned to ini-
prifonment, or to pay a heavy fine. I inftance Spain.

In

[ 5* J
In cafe of a traveller having forbidden articles, he
mould difpofe of them in the leaft profitable manner,
rather than expofe his honour and his purfe ; and in
cafe they lay in fmall compafs, fhould not be difco-
vered to the poftillion, who commonly are in league
with the Cuftom-Houfe officers, in order to divide
the produce of this treacherous contraft. The Italian
vetturinos are famous for this infidious practice.
X.
Great precaution is required in the pafling of
rivers, and over bridges, particularly at night.
Coachmen are liable to drink hard, and by that means
frequently mifs the paflage, and are the caufe of the
deftruftion of the traveller, as well as of their own.
XI.
Travellers fhould not permit ftrangers to place
themfelves behind their vehicle , under any pretext
whatfoever, becaufe there are innumerable inftances
of coaches having been difabled from proceeding,
and unfufpefting travellers robbed and killed by this
fcheme. XII.
In fufpicious places, the trunk fhould be placed
before the coach ; which place fhould be generally
made life of as often as circumftances will admit.
II 2 XIII. Extenfivs

E 52 )
XIII.
Extenfive woods fhould never be paffed at night
without the neceffary precautions ; and in dangerous
places it is fafer to walk, in order to be ready fop
defence, if fudden violence is offered, than to remain
fitting in the coach, where little refiftance can be
made. XIV.
If foreigners are robbed at night in the ftreets of
large towns, it will be dangerous to purfue the flying
thief, becaufe he is feldom or never alone ; and the
purfuer is almoft fure to be wounded or killed by his
lawlefs accomplices.
N. B. The remarks on Inns contain alfo many im
portant hints, relative to the fafety of the traveller's
perfon.

SECTION

[ 53 3

SECTION VI,
On the Means of preferving a Tra
veller's Health, particularly in hot
Countries. I.
XX TRAVELLER ought to be perfeftly well
acquainted with what agrees, or difagrees with his
conftitution, and obferve thofe rules which cuftom
has eftablifhed in favour of his health, at leaft as far
as circumftances will admit of, He will aft prudently^
to pay a ftrift attention with regard to eating, drink
ing, drefs, exercife, and reft, and conform to the
cuftoms, and mode of life of the moft fober clafs of
the inhabitants of the country he is in. Experience
has taught people of all countries, which manner of
living is the moft wholefpme in the climate they
inhabit. Though the Siefta (the afternoon's fleep) agrees
perfectly well with moft foreigners in Spain and Italy;
neverthelefs

t 54 3
neverthelefs it is liable to bring on apoplexies in cold
climates, where meat and foporiferous malt liquors
are ufed in great quantity. Travellers in warm
countries, who may be invited to an afternoon's fleep,
ought to obferve, that the duration of it fhould be
proportioned to the quick or difficult digeftion of the
perfon : one quarter of an hour, or half an hour is
fufficient; people fhould always be awaked before
the end of an hour. To fleep in a horizontal pofition
would be prejudicial ; the fitteft place for that kind of
reft is an arm chair, or a canopee. The head ought to
be laid high, and the body bent backwards, and a
little turned towards the left fide. Every thing that
is likely to prevent the circulation of the blood,
muft be removed, otherwife violent head-achs will
be felt.

III.

Water is very unwholefome in fome places, and
ought to be confidered fo, if foap will not diffolve in
it. If a perfon fhould happen to be very thirfty, and
no other drink to be had, that water fliould be foaked
through a piece of very fine linen, and a little vinegar,
juice of lemon, or a toaft put into it. It would be
ftill better to boil it, if the circumftances will admit
it, and drink it when cool. Wells, that are fituated
in marfhy grounds, or near privies, or thofe which
are obferved to have a whitifh fcum on the furfece of

[ 55 3
of the water, are generally reckoned to be un»
wholefome. IV.
Violent exercife after dinner is prejudicial, and
morefo in warm countries than in cold ones; there
fore people who travel on hoifeback, or in a vehicle,
whofe motion is rather violent, will aft prudently, if
they eat and drink fparingly. The fhaking of the
carriage heats the blood, confequently ftrong liquors
fhould be taken with the greateft moderation, parti
cularly in fouthern climates.

Cleanlinefs requires people to bathe oftner when
they are travelling, than when they are at home ; yet
they muft be very careful never to bathe when their
blood is agitated, or the flomach full, or the day
is very hot. The cool morning and evening hours
are the only times to take this falutiferous recreation.
Even the moft expert fwimmer fliould never bathe
in the fea or in a river, without taking along with
him another perfon, who knows how to fwim. He
fhould be careful to choofe a bathing place where
the bottom is clear fand, and has no fea weeds upon
it ; for they frequently contain a fpecies of poinfed
fhells, which are apt to inflift dangerous wounds if
trodden upon. One of the moft neceffary precau
tions in bathing, is to plunge into the water head
foremoft,

C 56 ]
foremoft, otherwife the blood rufhing into the head
expofes the perfon to an apoplectic attack.
VI.
Travellers in carriages are very liable to have their
le»s fwelled ; in order to prevent being thus incom
moded, it will be advifable to wear flioes rather than
boots, to untie the garters, to alight now and then,
and to walk as often as opportunity permits it, which
tvill favour circulation. If the windows of the car
riage are kept to, the air is foon affected, and may
prove prejudicial to refpiration. VII.
Feather beds and counterpanes of cotton are very
liable to colleft noxious exhalations ; for this reafon
thofe who travel, ought to make ufe of the hart fkins,
defcribed under the remarks on Inns.
VIII.
The vapours of charcoal are alfo exceedingly pre
judicial ; people fhould be remarkably careful never
to permit a pan of charcoal to be brought into their
apartment, unlefs it is quite burnt to afhes ; it would
be dangerous to fleep with it in the bed-room, as a
great many lives have been loft in that manner.
IX.
In marfhy grounds the air is remarkably unhealthy,
and there are countries ; for inftance, the Pontin
Marfhes

[ 57 ]
Marines in the Pope's dominions, where it is often
attended with fatal confequences to fleep even in day
time. Foreigners fhould inform themfelves minutely
concerning the falubrity or unwholefomenefs of the
air of thofe places where they fleep, and take the
neceffary precautions to guard againfl the deftruftive
effefts of the latter. X.
Sweet or boiled wines, fuch as are to be found in
the Papal dominions on the coaft ofthe Adriatic, delay
the digeftive faculty for a long time, and as they tend
exceflively to inflame the blood, they muft be ufed in
the moft fparing manner. XI.
Frefh fruit, and even the ripeft grapes, relax the
llomach in hot climates, and an immoderate meal on
them, would infallibly produce the moft dangerous
confequences, if bread was omitted to be eaten
with them. XII.
Travellers in warm climates fhould abftain from
meat as much as poffible, particularly at night, other-
wife they might be expofed to putrid fevers, which
are feldom eafily removed. XIII.
Sleeping with the windows open in hot climates is
I fo

[ 58 ]
fo unwholefome, that many have hardly time enough
to repent of their imprudence. Thofe who travel on
foot, fhould never fleep under the fhadow of a tree,
or near a hemp field. XIV.
Thirft is more effectually quenched by eating frefh
fruit, and a morfel of bread, than by drinking water :
if no fruit is to be had, it is better to mix a little
vinegar, or the juice of a lemon with it, than to drink
it by itfelf.
XV.
After a long journey on foot, it is unwholefome
to take a plentiful meal, or to fit near a great fire.
XVI.
Such as are under the neceffity of remaining in
places in a marfhy fituation, fhould refide in apart
ments in the upper ftories, and in dry houfes ; they
ought to take proper exercife, without labour, in the
fun, or in the evening damps : a juft quantity of vinous
liquors, and viftuals of good nourifhment, are necefiary
in fuch circumftances. XVII.
A perfon who is not accuftomed to walk a great
deal, fhould gradually increafe the length of the
ftation.

[ 59 J
ftation. If the wind is very high, it is better to have
it fideways, than in the face,
XVIII.
Since tranfpiration is eafily impeded, and its effefts
attended with bad confequences, it is prudent for
travellers on foot to wear a flannel waiftcoat next
the flcin. XIX.
Frefh killed meat, greens, and frefh fifh, are pre
ferable to any other food, and fimple nourifhment
the beft.
XX.
Damp beds are very often found in inns little
vifited, and in the rooms where fire is feldom made :
they ought to be carefully avoided, for they not only
bring on illnefs, but fometimes prove the death of
the perfon, who has the misfortune to fleep in one.
Thofe who travel fhould examine the beds, to fee
whether they are quite dry, and have the bed-clothes
in their prefence put before the fire. If the mattreffes
are fufpected, it will be preferable to lie down on
dry and clean ftraw. If a friend offers you a bed,
endeavour to have it warmed, with the neceffary pre
cautions, becaufe there are in certain houfes certain
beds kept only for particular vifitors, and therefore
they might be damp, if not ufed for a. long while.
I 2 XXI. People

[ 60 ]
XXI.
People whofe clothes have been wet through,
fhould look for very dry beds, have the fheets well
aired, put on clean fhirts, fmoking them firft with
fugar, or fomething of that nature, and before they
go to bed, rub their fkins with dry flannel, which
promotes perfpiration. Thofe parts of the body that
have been wet, ought to be waihed with luke-warm
water, in which a little foap has been diffolved.
Thofe whom circumftances may not permit to put on
dry clothes, fhould keep their bodies in conftant mo
tion, till the clothes are become dry again upon
them i this inconvenience ought to be avoided as
much as poflible, becaufe it brings on rheumatic pains,
agues, cholics, &c. to people who are not ufed to it.
XXII.
Perfons who have perfpired copioufly from the heat
of the fun, fliould fhelter tliemfelves as much as
opportunity will permit, during the falling of the
dew; if they cannot avoid it, they fliould by no
means fit down. Continual exercife favours tranfpi-
ration, and diminifhes/ the bad confequences which
the cool air expofes people to.
XXIII.
Since a body, which is void of food, is more apt to
attract contagious ficknefles, a traveller fliould never
vifit an hofpital in the morning before he has break-
failed; it will not be amifs to eat a bit of bread
dipped

[ 61 ]
dipped in vinegar, and to wafh the noftrils and mouth
with camphor- vinegar, before vifiting the fick. During
the time he is in an hofpital, he fhould never fwallow
his fpittle, and rather ufe fomething to draw it up,
fuch as fpunge, and blotting-paper. It is alfo very
wholefome to drink a glafs of wine, with a little fugar
and the juice of half a lemon, on thefe occafions.
XXIV.
Travellers fhould not negleft to carry with them
A bottle of vinegar, de quatre voleurs.
Ditto beft French brandy.
Ditto arquebufade, or Peruvian balfam.
Ditto fpirit of falmiac, againfl fits.
Ditto Hoffman's drops.

SECTION

C 6* 3
SECTION VII.
On the Means of being fupplied with
Money.

A T is very imprudent and ufelefs for a traveller to
carry a large fum of ready money about him ; he
ought to be fupplied with letters of credit from one
town to the other. II.
Letters of credit on fubftantial houfes, are in many
refpefts preferable to bills of exchange ; the latter
may happen to be either too fmall or too confiderable,
and many times expofe the traveller to a tedious law
procefs, as well as the difagreeable neceffity of delay
ing his journey ; befides a letter of credit is generally
efteemed to entitle the traveller to advice and pro
tection from the merchant or banker.
III.
It is advifable to have more than one letter of cre
dit, in order to prevent difappointments and incon
veniences,

[ 63 ]
veniences, which muft neceffarily arife from want of
money, if payment was to be refufed.
IV.
If a traveller takes a letter of credit from a
banker, who requires immediate fecurity for the cre
dit which he gives, it will be more advantageous to
depofit fuch notes as bear intereft, than to deliver him
ready money, for which the banker will perhaps not
allow any intereft, or at leaft not fo much as may be
expected: but the guarantee of a friend known to,
and accepted of, by the banker, is moft convenient,
and in general ufe. V.
In almoft all the countries of Europe counterfeited
bank-notes and bills of this kind are to be found;
therefore travellers cannot be-tpo careful in this
refpect, and ought never to receive paper money,
unlefs from people of well known credit, particularly
in the Pope's dominions. VI.
In many parts of Europe, gold has fometimes an
extra value, which travellers are obliged to allow to
the bankers, and which other perfons will not agree
to in payments ; therefore it is neceffary to be well in
formed in that refpeft, in order to avoid loffes.
SECTION

[ 64 J

SECTION VIII.

On Letters of Recommendation.

A

, Traveller, who wifhes to have the benefit of his
ambaffador's proteftion, fhould either be known to
him before, or be introduced by letter, or be pre-
fented to him by a refpeftable perfon.
II.
Befides the Letters of Recommendation to the am
baffador, travellers fhould be furnifhed with letters
for bankers and merchants, which in fome refpefts
are more valuable than letters of introduftion to the
firft noblemen ; becaufe they will be able and inclined
to inform the inquifitive traveller in more interefting
matters than the latter : neverthelefs, letters for great
perfonages are always very acceptable, and may be of
fervice on many occafions. III.
Travellers fhould even accept of Letters of Recom
mendation to the inferior clafs of people : a foreigner
can never have too many friends; and it is a great
tiling

[ 65 ]
tiling to find a ftranger, be he who he will, who has
your intereft and welfare at heart. Men of the infe
rior clafs may be very ufefully employed for the
traveller's inftruftion, provided he has fufficient know
ledge of the world, and is capable of judging of the
qualifications of every individual. Man deferves to
be ftudied attentively in all ftations of life ; and the
vifiting of a cottage is often more inftruftive than
frequenting a palace. IV.
Letters of Recommendation to the higher clafs of
Cuftom-Houfe officers, may enable a traveller to get
very effential inftruftions of them refpefting com
merce, manufactories, and many other objefts ;
fome of them will even condefcend fo far as to com
municate authentic accounts and valuable documents,
which no other perfon could furnifh.

K SECTION

A'

t 66 ]

SECTION IX.

On Inns.

i.

, Traveller fhould always lodge in the beft Inn,
becaufe, upon the whole, a good lodging will not coft
him much more, than if he had chofen an indifferent
one, and he will at leaft be better ferved, with an
additional fecurity to his property, which is not always
the cafe in inferior Inns, where people of all condi
tions, even to the loweft, refort, and the inn-keeper
has not fo great an incitement to fupport his credit.
In many houfes of lefs reputation of this kind, the
expence will even be greater, than in thofe of the firft
rank, as the proprietors feize every opportunity to
impofe upon the richer order of ftrangers.
II.
Travellers who go poll, fhould never permit the
poftillion to drive them to fuch houfes as he pleafes ;
almoft all of them have fecret motives to prefer fome
to others ; therefore it would be prudent to inquire
of the poft-mafters, or inn-keepers ofthe firft reputa
tion, for a lift of the beft houfes of accommodation, which

[ 67 ]
which are to be met with in the places through which
you pafs, whofe veracity is at leaft more to be de
pended upon, than the drivers. III.
It is of the greateft importance to travellers always
to have a room to be in alone, and never allow any
perfon (well-known people excepted) to fleep in the
fame apartment, unlefs abfolute neceffity compels
them. Foreigners cannot be diftruftful enough to
wards ftrangers ; many of them travel at the expence
ofthe public, and infinuate tliemfelves under various
pretexts, grow familiar very foon, and are frequently
the authors of the ruin of many young, unwary
travellers, whofe experience is not fufficiently ripened
to open their eyes to their dangers. Many of thofe
importers will render effenfial fervices to foreigners,
in order to captivate their benevolence ; and thofe, of
all others, are the moft artful, and confequently the
moft dangerous. IV.
Servants in the Inns fhould never be hired, unlefs
their honefty be well known to the landlprd, who
fhould always be queftioned, if he is anfwerable for
their fidelity. V.
As foon as travellers enter into an Inn, they fhould
immediately agree for the price of the room, dinner,
fupper, firing, &c. and never negleft this ufeful pre
caution, otherwifethey will often be obliged to pay
K 2 for

C 68 ]
for their negligence in that refpeft an extravagant
price, efpecially in Holland and Italy.
VI.
The beft method of avoiding miftakes, and double
charges, is to pay daily the bill of the landlord, and
to take a receipt for it : this precaution will always
render people more attentive and ferviceable.
VII.
Many inn-keepers are remarkably inquifitive, and
take particular delight in vifiting and examining the
traveller's trunk, during the time he is out, and par
ticularly if you forget to agree : they make thofe
refearches in order to enable them to judge more pro
perly of the circumftances, and confequence of their
company ; therefore it will always be prudent to lock
the trunk or boxes, and to conceal from them, what
could give them a too favourable idea of the traveller's
importance. VIII.
In lonefome country Inns, where fafety ought al
ways to be fufpected, it will be better to permit the
fervant to fleep in the fame room, and to have a wax
candle burning the whole night : it will alfo be necef
fary before the traveller goes to bed, to vifit behind
it, and look into the chefls, under and behind them,
and in all fuch places where concealment is eafy.
Pocket door bolts in the form of a crofs, are appli
cable to almoft all forts of doors, and may on many
occafions

[ 69 ]
occafions fave the life of the traveller, where defperate
attempts may be made by needy affaflins ; for this
reafon, it is recommendable to be always pro
vided with a pair of thofe bolts. The fafety of the
doors fliould alfo be carefully examined ; and in cafe
of bolts not being at hand, it will be ufeful to hinder
entrance into the room by putting a table, and chairs
upon it, againfl the door. Such precautions are how
ever lefs neceffary in England, but on the Continent
they are much more fo. IX.
It will not be amifs in fuch lonefome places, where
accidents may oblige a traveller to remain the whole
night, to fhow his fire-arms to the landlord in a fami
liar difcourfe, without acquainting him of his well-
grounded fufpicion of insecurity; and to tell him
with a courageous look, that you are not afraid of a
far fuperior number of enemies. Such ftratagems
have frequently had the moft defirable effeft, and may
yet be praftifed with every promife of fuccefs.
X.
Since it is very unwholefome to eat or to fleep in a
room, the windows of which have been fhut long
before, it will be neceffary to open them as foon> as
you enter into it; and it will not be fuperfluous to
purify the air of the apartment, by throwing a little
ftrong vinegar upon a red -hot fliovel. XI. Tra-

[ 70 ]
XI.
Travellers never being fure whether the lodgers,
who flept in the beds before them, were not affected
with the itch, venereal, or any other difeafe, they
fhould make ufe of a preventive of infeftion : a
light coverlet of filk, two pair of fheets, and two
dreffed hart's fkins put together, fix feet fix inches
in length, three feet fix inches in breadth, fhould be
always carried along with them in the box. The
hart's fkin, which is put upon the mattrefies, will hin
der the difagreeable contact, and prevent the noxious
exhalations. The hart's fkin is to be covered with
the traveller's own fheets; and if the coverlet be
not fufficient to keep him warm, his coat put upon
it, will increafe the heat fufficiently. It will be ne
ceffary at rifing in the morning to expofe the hart's
fkin to the frefh air for five minutes before it is packed
up again ; and this precaution will alone be fufficient
to guard againfl unwholefome effects of bedding,
much more dangerous in hot countries than may be
imagined. If the traveller be not provided with thefe
materials, it will not be prudent to undrefs entirely ;
the necklace, garters, girt, and any thing elfe, which
hinders the circulation of the blood, muft be untied,
in order to prevent apoplectic affections.
XII.
A purfe, or any temptation, fhould never be left on
the table, becaufe it Simulates diftrefs fometimes to
actions, which at other times would raife a blufli, and
prevents

[ 7* 3
prevents the commiflion of many crimes by the dif
ficulty of perpetrating them, and of courfe many an
ignominious fate. XIII.
In many countries the landlords are not anfwerable
for the property of their company; therefore, if
they are obliged to flay any time in one place, and in
tend to remain at the Inn, they fhould afk the landlord
the very moment they make their, agreement with
him, whether their package is fafe, and whether he is
refponfible for the confequences : in cafe he is not fo,
the moft prudent way will be to depofit his valuables
at a banker's, or the next perfon's in reputation, and
to fecure himfelf by receipt, which fhould always be
demanded. XIV.
Foreigners, who remain for fome time in a place,
will fave money, and be better accommodated, be
taking private lodgings per week, or per month.

SECTION

[ 72 3

SECTION X.

On Luggage.

A RAVELLERS who undertake a long tour,
fhould only cany fuch baggage as is indifpenfably
neceffary. Among the many inconveniences of a too cumbrous
baggage, the following deferve to be confidered, viz.
Firft, The heavy expence of the carriage of it,
which in fome countries amounts to much more, than
the paffage of his perfon and fervant.
Secondly, Unavoidable lofs of time; and the dif
ficulties of the Cuftom- Houfes, particularly if the
packages fhould unfortunately contain any contraband
goods, which might happen very eafily, becaufe tra
vellers cannot be always accurately informed of thofe
articles, which may have been recently prohibited.
That valuable time, which muft be beftowed upon
packing

t 73 3
packing and unpacking ; which, though the province
of the fervant, muft often command the attention of
the mafter, who may be anxious, left his propertv
fliould be fhaken and deftroyed by the violent motion
of the carriage, if not carefully packed up ; or left
any thing valuable fliould be left behind.
Thirdly^ The difappointments ; if fometimes the
coach is damaged by tbe too great weight of the
packages, or if the luggage on fome occafions cannot
be loaded upon the fame coach, and con&qtiently be
hindered from following its owner.
Fourthly, The greater expence in the inns, where
travellers are frequently charged according to the
¦quantity of baggage and conveniences they carry
with them, II.
A perfon who travels for improvement, is not fup-
pofed to be inclined to fbine in foreigri countries witli
the oftentatious magnificence of equipage ; and there
fore the traveller, if he means to proceed with either
ceconomy or convenience, fliould be very cautious of
incumbering himfelf with a fuperfluous wardrobe.
III.
The beft way of carrying papers that are not bound
like books, is to roll them very tight, to cover them
with flrong paper, in order to prevent them from
L rubbing

C 74 3
rubbing againfl any thing-, and to write the title Pf the
contents upon the rolls, to know them again on all
occafions. IV.
Since it fometimes happens, that the Cuftom-Houfe
officers (through mere wantonnefs) will throw papers
-carelefsly out of the trunks of paffengers, it will be
prudent to keep all the writings together in a large
well defended port feuille; a preference is to be given
to thofe of Ruflia leather, becaufe water cannot pe
netrate to, and deftroy the contents : that leather is
alfo beft adapted to covering of trunks, as its fmell
is obnoxious to vermin, and not liable to harbour
worms, &c. incidental to hot climates.
V.
Short and high trunks are preferable to long and
low ones, becaufe they can be put upon any carriage
whatever. The folidity of a trunk is alfo one of its
neceffary qualities, it being fometimes moft unmer
cifully handled by the Cuftom-Houfe officers.
VI.
Travellers fliould never permit revenue officers to
vifit two trunks at the fame time, as the owner's eyes
and attention may be fixed on one, at the great
hazard of his being pillaged by the other. Even in
thefe cafes, experience often proves, that complaints
do not produce redrefs, VII. It

C 75 3
VII.
It is fometimes very dangerous to accept of com-
miflions, and fealed parcels, becaufe they may con
tain forbidden goods. VIII.
A traveller fliould alfo forbid his fervant to take
contraband goods with him, becaufe in cafe of an un.
fortunate deteftion, the fervant would perhaps be
arretted, or the mafter obliged to give a confiderable
fecurity, and to defend the caufe of his fervant in
the proper court. IX.
The trouble of having his trunk fearched, can in
fome countries be obviated, by having it fealed by .the
Cuftom-Houfe officers ; therefore a traveller who dif-
likes thofe vifits, fhould inquire whether this cuftom
is allowed, and-the trouble and pains difpenfed with.
X.
Bound books with fliff covers are liable to rub
againll, and greatly injure the baggage ; therefore it
will be prudent to have them lightly bound in leather,
without its being fliffened by pafte-board, and after
wards cut off fmooth and even with the leaves. In
cafe a perfon carries books with fliff covers, it will be
advifable to place them at the bottom of the trunk as
firm as can be, as a foundation, and cover them with
ftrong paper. L 3 XI. Among

r 76 ]
XI.
Among the reqviifites for travelling, the following
will nfft be ufelefe :
A cafe of inflruments for drawing, meafures, draw
ing paper, India ink.
A good wateh, or eisaft time-keeper.
A mariner's eompafs.
A baronicta?.
A thermemeter.
General and fpeeial maps af the country which the
traveller vifits, patted upon linen, and rendered port*
able by folding.
A goodtelefcope.
A dark lantern, wax candles, and a tinder-bex.
Bolts fuited to all forte of doors.

SECTION

C 77 3

SECTION XI,

On Sea Voyages*

B

EFORE a paffenger agrees with a mafter of a
veffel for the expence of a paffage, he ought to inforra
himfelf reflecting the age of the veflel, the cargo,
the number of the fhip's crew, the quality of the
paffengers, and the deftination of the voyage, Sec.
Each of thefe circumftances has its advantages and
difad vantages, and deferves particular notice.
II.
It is alfo a matter of importance to know whether
that flag, which the veflel carries, is refpefted by the
pyratical powers of Barbary, or not, if the courfe of
the veffel fhould lie near to any fuch ports.
III.
Some matters are exceffively polite during their
refidence on fhore, and remarkably otherwife when,
the paffengers are on board ; therefore it is neceffary
to inquire, before an agreement takes place, whether thes.

[ 78 ]
the mafter behaves well, and treats his paffengers with
politenefs and attention IV.
If time can be fpared, the traveller may fometimes
travel remarkably cheap, therefore he fhould make
an early inquiry concerning the price of the paffage,
if circumftances will permit.' The matters are gene
rally defirous of having paffengers, and a man has a
much greater opportunity of ceconomizing by fea,
when a number of veffel s are bound to the fame port;
there is then a rivalfhip between them for paffengers,
and the confideration is, of courfe, proportionably
moderate, V.
People, who endeavour to make the mafter believe,
that their rank in life is not unimportant, muft often
pay dear for their ridiculous vanity, without meeting
with better treatment; therefore, people of rank, who
have a proper idea of the value of money, fhould,,
and will be on their guard in that refpeft.
VI.
There are different things to be obferved with re
gard to each fea voyage, with which moft travellers are
unacquainted, and for this re.ifon it will be advifable
to confult the bankers, and thofe who are expert in
fea affairs, relative to what ought to be obferved
concerning

[ 79 3.
concerning the agreement for their paffage, as well as
other important objefts in voyages ; for inftance, if
they intend to embark merchandize, or goods requir
ing certain precautions. VII.
In long voyages it is neceffary to do all that lies in
our power to entertain a good harmony with the cap
tain, officers, and fellow paffengers ; we ought alfo
to give the fame orders to our fervants; and avoiding
pUying at cards, hard drinking, difputes, and giving
offence. Small prefents given to the failors, may on
fome occafions produce very defirable effefts.
VIII.
It would not be a bad fcheme to have a letter of
recommendation to be delivered on the arrival to the
Conful of the country, of which the captain is a na
tive ; this would in fome cafes render him more
attentive, if he was previoufly informed of tlris
letter. IX,
Thofe who wifh to inform themfelves of the method
of working a fhip, and of navigation in general,
fhould be very attentive to every command the captain
.gives to the erew, and inquire into the reafon of it.
Perhaps it may not be difficult to obtain a copy of
the fhip's journal, which is"an interefting matter for a
paffenger. X. If

C So 3
X.
if paffengers embark merchandize, - they mould
hot be too fincere in difcovering their intentions con
cerning the difpofal of them, becaufe people may
fometimes take advantage of the imprudence of fuch
difcoveries. XI.
The example of the illuftrious Captain Cook,
who, during a voyage of three years and eighteen
days, under every latitude, loft from his whole com
pany of 118 men, only one man, is the greateft proof
that the longeft voyages may be performed without
prejudice to the health, if proper regulations are
ftrictly attended to. It is at all times dangerous for
the feaman, to indulge himfelf with too large a meal
of animal food, and that even if it is frefh killed-:
'four crout is the beft food that can be ufed, and at
the fame time an excellent antifcorbutic : portable
foup is an exquifite nourifher of the body, and parti
cularly if boiled up with vegetables : oatmeal, grits,
and potatoes, are valuable articles : a proper quantity
of cyder, perry, and vinegar, fhould by no means be
forgotten, and the laft fliould be added in a fmaH
quantity to almoft every difh : the juice of oranges,
lemons, and limes, form a very neceffary part of a
fliip's flores. XII.
The mufcles of the body muft be put in exercife
every day ; the paffengers fliould affift the failors in
working

[ «« 3
working the fiup 5 batlre fltemfelves at fcaft once a
week; attend particularly to neatnefs ; be as often as
poffible on deck ; expofe their beds daily to the circu
lation of the air ; fmoke in damp weather ; eat often
and little at a time j fleep moderately j endeavour to
be perpetually diverting thenilclves, and to keep up
their fcirits. XIII.
Thofe who are very liable to fea ficknefs, fhould
keep towards the middle of the fhip, where the
motion is not fo violent. XIV.
Perfons who are fubieft to a coftivenefs in the body,
fliould take fuch medicines with them which relax
the bowels, without too much ftimulation. They
fhould alfo abftain from heavy food, and drink heat
ing liquors fparingly.
XV.
Merchantmen, from 100 to 200 tons, have feldom
any perfon on board who underftands either forgery
cr phytic, it will therefore be a moft neceffary cau
tion, to provide fuch a fmall cheft of medicines, as
may be immediately relative to fuch accidents and
maladies, as particularly attend on fea voyages.
XVI.
A private lancet is alfo neceffary for a traveller,
becaufe a lancet, which has been ufed in the bleeding
M of

[ »2 3
of a fcorbutic perfon, will infallibly infect any other
man, who may be bled in a fhort time afterwards.
XVII.
Perfons of venereal habits fliould abfolutely avoid
any long fea voyages : and all thofe who intend to
travel by fea, fhould perufe and confult the excel
lent work of Dr. Lind, on Difeafes of Hot Climates,
on the Scurvy, and on the Health of Seamen.

SECTION

t 83 )

SECTION XII,

Mifcellaniest

A-.

. S the fudden death of the traveller may pof-
fibly occafion infinite diftrefs and difputes in his
family, he would confult his own tranquillity, if he
committed to paper his peremptory will, before his
departure from his native country.
ii.
A traveller who vifits foreign countries for int.
provement, ought to be remarkably cautious, with
regard to the choice of a companion for a long jour
ney ; if the perfon propofed has not exaftly the fame
turn of mind, the fame intereft to purfue ; and if he
is not a good natured, active, and inquifitive man, he
will be an intolerable burthen, a rial obflru£iion to life-
ful travels, and convert the fweets of company intoi
bitternefs. iii.
It is totally improper to hold any difcourfe in fo
reign countries on religion, politics, or our own par
ticular affairs* and efpecially with ftrange'rs.
M a IV. Our

C §4 1
IV.
Our curiofity becomes a virtue when its aim is
purely inftruftion, and from a with to be ufeful to
our couiitgyWp. V.
Thofe who are naturally deftitute of judgment and
prudence, become ftill greater fools by their travel
ling than they were before; it being impoffible for
him, who is a fool in his own country, to become
wife by running up and down, which made Socrates
fay, he muft change his foul, and not the climate, to
become wife. VI.
When you come, into any company, obferve their
humours, and fuit your own carriage thereto ; by
which infinuation, you will make their converfe more
free and open. Let your difcpurfe be more in queries
and doubtings, than peremptory affertions or difpu-
tings. Sir I. Newton. VII.
The art of pleaflng in company, is not to explain
things top circumftantially, but to exprefs only one
part, and leave; your hearers to make out the reft.
VIII.
There, is no, man but delights to be queftioned in
his own profeffion ; when being moved by others, he
may teem to publilh.his.knowledge without oftentation.
IX. A wife

I 85 j
IX.
A wife man counts his minutes. He lets no time
flip ; for time is life, which he makes long by th«
good hufbandry of a right life and application of it.
X.
A philofophic traveller looks upon his country as a
fick friend, for whofe relief he afks advice of all the
world. XI.
If a perfon limits himfelf to the knowledge of
other people's difcoveries, it will be an infallible
caufe, that he can make none himfelf. He who fol
lows another, proceeds without an aim ; for hovr
fhould we find that which we are not in fearch of.
XII.
The duty of a man is to be ufeful to men, to a
great number, if he can, if not, then to a lefs ; if that
is impoffible, then merely to his relations ; if that be
equally fo, at leaft to himfelf.
In rendering himfelf ufeful to himfelf, he labours
at the fame time for others; for a vicious man
not only injures himfelf, but alfo thofe to whom he
might have been ufeful, had he proved virtuous : in
the fame manner, if we labour for ourfelves, wa
labour alfo for others, becaufe we form a ufeful
member of fociety. XIII. To

[ 85 ]
XIII.
To a nation fo particularly illuftrious as theEnglifh,
for the extent of their poffeffions, the ftupendous
fcale of their commerce, as well as the free power of
exerting thofe riches, in rendering active that fenfibi-
lity which they intrinfically poffefs; it may not be
amifs to addrefs a few words in favour of thofe unfor
tunate men, who not only have the melancholy affile
ranee of their prefent mifery, by the fuffering of it,
but the additional accumulation of human woe, the
idea of being forgotten, whilft labouring under it.
By this unfortunate part of fociety, I allude to the cap'
fives under the piratical Jlates of the coafls of Barbary ;
men, who far from rendering themfelves unfortunate
by their vices, become fo perhaps in the very aft of
extending, or protecting the commerce of that coun
try, to which they belong, and to whofe continued
proteftion they muft be confequently entitled.
To refleft upon the mifery of thofe objefts, who
perpetually prefent themfelves to our eyes, and make a
living and forcible call on our fenfibility, is a worthy,
" is a phylofophical virtue : but to turn a mindful eye
on more imagery forrow, which we know to be
exifting, though we cannot perceive it with our eyes,
or receive its complaining tones in our ears; to im-
prefs the imagination with the buft of languifhing and
diftant forrow, fo as to work our fenfibility into action,
is the higheft prerogative of reafon and intellect.
Yet with that extent of power, and command pf for
tune,

t 87 3
tune, joined to that education, which many En.
glifh travellers poffefs, fuch fentiments would neither
be romantic, or fuch undertakings impoffible. We
fliould remember, as Cicero fays, that there are too
forts of men, each of whom derive a totally different
fplendor from their expences ; the one are mere pro
digals, but the other juftly deferve the title of gene
rous; the firft diffipate their property in entertain
ments, hounds, horfes, and gaming: what will prove
the remains of a fimilar profufion f A fleeting remem
brance, perhaps total oblivion : but men, who are
truly generous, confecrate their fortune to more noble
purpofes; to the ranfom of unfortunate captives, by
pirates, &c, iSc. XIV.
This fentiment of Seneca is particularly noble, as
eontradiftinguifhed from that idea of learning, merely
for a perfonal accomplifhment. I would only learn,
fays he, in order to be able to teach ; the moft inter
efting difcovery would ceafe to have any charms for
me, if I was only to be the repofitory of it. No, I
would not accept of Wifdom herfelf, were it on the
condition of keeping her fecluded within myfelf.
Poffeffion is only rendered agreeable by participation.

DIRECTIONS

[ 88 J
DIRECTIONS f OR THE
Recovery of tbe Apparently Dead by
Drowning, und the various Kinds
of Suffocation.
Communicated by W. Ha WES, M. D. Phyfician to
/^f London WSuuey Dispensaries, and
Regifier of the London Humane Society;
alfo, Reader of LeBures oh Sufpended Animation
at the London Dispensary. I.
X HE Restoration of Heat is of the greateft
confequence to the return of life. When, therefore,
the body is taken out of the water, the clothes fhould
be ftripped off; or, if naked at the time of the
accident, it muft be covered with two or three coats,
or a blanket, or any thing anfwering the purpofe,
tbat can be moft eafily procured. The body fhould
then be carefully conveyed to the neareft houfe, with
the head a little raifed. In cold and damp weather
the unfortunate perfon fhould be laid on a bed, &c. in

[ 8o_ J
in a room that is moderately heated : in fummer on
a bed expofed to the rays of the fun, with the win
dows open, and not more than fix perfons admitted,;
a greater number may retard the return of life. The
body is to be well dried with warm clothes, and
gently rubbed with flannels., fprinkled with rum,
brandy, gin, or muftard. Fomontations of eitlier of
thefe fpirits may be applied to the pit of the ftomach
with advantage. A warming pan covered with flan
nel fhould be lightly moved up and down the back;
bladders or bottles filled with hot water, heated
bricks or tiles wrapped up in flannel, fliould be ap
plied to the foles ofthe feet, palms of the hands, ap&.<
other parts, of the body. H.
Respiration willbe greatly promoted by doting
the mouth and one noftril, while with the pipe of a
bellows you blow into the other with fufficient force
to inflate the lungs ; another perfon fhould then prefs
the cheft gently with his hands, fo. as to expel the air :
thus the natural breathing will be imitated. If the
pipe be too large for the noflrils, the air may be blown
in at the mouth. Blowing the breath can only be
recommended when belfo.ws, caijnpt-tje procured,r
HI.
The Bowels .fliould be very foon inflated with
die fumes of tobacco, and repeated three or four
times within, the firft hour ; but, if circumftances pre-
N vent

[ 90 ]
vent the life of this vapour, then clyflers of this
herb, or other acrid infufions with fait, may be
thrown up with advantage. The fumigating machine
is fo much improved as to be of the higheft import
ance to the public ; and if employed in every in
ftance of apparent death, it would reftore the lives of
many of our fellow-creatures, as it now anfwers the
important purpofes of fumigation, infpiration, and
expiration. IV.
Agitation has proved a powerful auxiliary to the
other means of recovery ; one or more ofthe afliftants
fhould therefore take hold of the legs and arms, par
ticularly of boys, and fhake their bodies for five or
fix minutes ; this may be repeated feveral times in
the firft hour. When the body is wiped perfeftly dry,
it fhould be placed in bed between two healthy per
fons, and the friftion chiefly directed, in this cafe, to
the left fide, where it will be moft likely to excite the
motion of the heart.

When thefe methods have been employed for an
hour, if any brewhoufe, bakehoufe, or glafshoufe be
near, where warm grains, afhes, lees, &c. can be
procured, the body fhould be placed in any of thefe,
moderated to a degree of heat very little exceeding
that of a perfon in health. If the warm bath can be
conveniently

[ 9* 3
conveniently obtained, it may be advantageoufly
ufed in conjunftion with the earlielt mode of
treatment. VI.
Electricity fhould be very foon employed, as it
will increafe the beneficial effects of the other means
of recovery on the fyftem. The electrical shock j
fays Mr. Kite, in his Ejfay on the Recovery ofthe Appa
rently Dead, is to be admitted as the teft or difcri-
minating charafteriftic of any remains of animal
life ; and fo long as that produces contractions,
may the perfon be faid to be in a recoverable
ftate ; but when that effeft has ceafed, there can no
doubt remain of the party being abfolutely and
pofitively dead. VII.
If fighing, gafping, convulfions, or other figns of
returning life appear, a tea-fpoonful or two of warm
water may be put into the mouth ; and if the power
of fwallowing be returned, a little warm wine or
brandy and water may be advantageoufly .given.
When this gradual approach towards recovery is
obferved, and breathing and fenfibility returned, let
the perfon be put into a warm bed, and if difpofed to
fleep, as is generally the cafe, give no diflurbance,
and he will awake, after a fhort time, almoft perfeftly
recovered. N 2 The

[ 9« 3
The above methods are to be ufed with Vigour for
three or four hours ; for it is a vulgar and dan
gerous opinion to fuppofe perfons are irrecoverable,
becaufe life does not foon make its appearance;
an opinion that has configned an immenfe number
of the feemingly dead to the grave, who might
have been reftored to life by refolution and per-
feverance.
Bleeding should never be employed in
such cases, unless by the direction of
one of the medical assistants, or some
other respectable gentleman of the fa
culty, who has paid attention to tni
subject of suspended animation.
On the firft alarm of any perfon being drowned or
accidentally fuffocated, let hot water, flour of muftard,
warm blankets, hot flannels, flat bottles filled with
hot water, a heated warming-pan, bellows, brandy,
hartfhorn drops, and an electrifying machine be in-
ftantly procured. * Thefe articles being in readinefs,
and immediately employed, may be productive of
reftoring many ufeful and valuable lives.
The common people will often reftore life by pur-
fuing the plans now recommended : but, if gentle
men of the faculty can be obtained, their affiftance
fhould be immediately requefted, as their fkill will
lead

t 93 3
lead them judicloufly to vary the methods of treat
ment ; and, in a variety of accidents, many more
lives will be reftored to the community, and to their
families. Tbe above means of reftoration have proved effica
cious in apparent fodden 'death by convulfion's, ftiffo-
cations, intoxications, hanging, intenfe cold, and the
tremendous ftroke of lightning. When perfons are
froft-bitten, they fhould be rubbed with fnow, pre
vious to their being brought into a warm room.' In
fuffocation, occafioned by the fumes of fulphur, char
coal, &c. Dafhing the face and breaft with cold
water has been known to reftore life.
Within fourteen years 839 perfons were reftored to
life, who had been drowned or otherwife fuffo-
cated.

The Regifter thinks it proper to obferve, that
the means to be ufed for the recovery of the drowned,
or otherwife fuffocated, may be put into immediate
execution, under the direftion of any prudent per
fon ; as a few moments mifapplied, or neglefted, ge
nerally produce effects, which (unhappily) are irre
trievable. It is therefore earneftly recommended to
thofe who are willing to affift in the recovery of per fons

[ 94 ]
fons drowned, &c. not to wafte the moft precious
moments in their vain and injurious attempts to reco
ver them in the old way, namely, by rolling them,
fhaking their bodies violently, hanging them by the
heels, &c. but to convey the unhappy fufferers with
all poflible eafe and gentlenefs to the firft receiving
houfe, to employ immediately the above directions,
and to fend with all expedition for one or more of the
medical affiftants.

A SERIES

A
SERIES of QUESTIONS,
INTERESTING TO
SOCIETY and HUMANITY,
Neceffary to be propofed for Solution to Men of
all Ranks and Employments, and of all Nations
and Governments ; comprifing the moft ferious
Points relative to the Objefts of all Travels.
SECTION I.
Geographical Account of the Country,
and Regifer of Lands.

Geographical Account of the Country.
i.
JL N what latitude is this country fituated ?
II.
How many hours does the longeft day contain in
the Northern parts ! and how many the fhorteft in
the Southern > III.
What is the general fummer height of the thermo
meter 1 what in winter ? and what the extremes of
each feafon ? IV. Of

C 96 3
iv.
•Of what extent ? and form is this country r
V
How much fea coaft ? VI.
What boundaries has the country *
VII.
What extent of frontier on each fide ?
VHI.
How many fquare leagues does the country contain ?
IX.
How is the country divided >
X,
Which are the moft capital lakes ? and rivers ?
where do they rife ? and where do they lofe their
name ? or join the fea ? XI.
Which of them are navigable I and in what feafons ?
and of what depth are they ?
XII.
Which are the fmaller rivers ? which of them
would be of the greateft utility if made navigable ?
what hinders their being rendered fo ? XIII. Has

C 97 3
XIII.
Has the country mineral fprings ? hot baths ? and
which are of the moft falubrious nature r and for
What difeafes ? XIV.
Which are the chief fea-ports ?
XV.
Which are the beft fituated for the fecurity of
Clipping ? XVI.
What depth of water has each fea-port > or how
many feet of water draws each fea-port in the fpring
tides ? how many in the neap tides (
XVII.
What kind of anchorage has each fea-port f
XVIII.
What impediments or dangers are the chief har
bours fubjeft to ? XIX.
Which are the fmaller ports j
XX.
What bays does the fea coaft form r
XXI.
Which are the moft celebrated mountains ? and
O what

[ 98 3
what are their perpendicular heights ? are they of a
volcanic nature i XXII.
Are there remarkable forefts in this country ? what
is their name i and extent ?
XXIII.
Of what nature is the foil chiefly }
XXIV.
Are there extenfive marfhes in this country ? in
what part of it ? of What extent are they ? and why
not drained, and rendered proper for cultivation 1
XXV.
Is the foil in general fertile, or barren ? deep, or
fhallow ? XXVI.
Is the air moift, or dry ? wholefome, or what
diftempers are peculiar to it r
XXV II.
When do the different feafons commence >
XXVIII.
Has the country an eafy communication with the
neighbouring countries i XXIX. Wherein

[ 99 3
XXIX.
Wherein confift the advantages of the fituation of
the country ?
XXX.
Wherein confift the difadvantages ?
XXXI.
Is it eafy for fhips of war to land on the fea coaft, or
is landing rendered hazardous by fands ? and rocks f
XXXII.
What general meafures are in life for alarming the
coaft, when an enemy's fleet is expected !
XXXIII.
What kind of vegetables ? plants ? and woods does
this country produce ? XXXIV.
What metals? minerals ? and foffils ?
XXXV.
What animals of every kind by land ? and fea ?
XXXVI.
How many leagues are efteemed equal to a degree ?
XXXVII.
How many feet to a league ?
O 2 Regifitr

[ "» 3
Regifler of Lands.
i.
How many acres are employed for raifing ccrn ?
wheat? barley? rye? &c, II.
How many for pulfe ? III.
How many for vineyards ?
IV.
How many for olive gardens ?
V.
How many for flax and hemp ?
VI.
How many for mulberry trees ?
VII.
How many for meadows ? commons ? pafture ground ?
VIII.
How many for forefts ? IX.
How many for rpads f rivers 1 &c.
X. Hpw

C 101 3
x.
How many acres remain uncultivated in mountains,
rocks, marfhy grounds ? &c.
XI.
How many acres are reckoned for houfes, ftreets,
fquares, orchards, gardens, &c. ?
XII.
How many cities ? and towns does this country con
tain ? XIII.
How many villages ? XIV.
Which is the fmalleft ? the middling ? the greateft
number of houfes in a village ?
XV.
How many tingle inns ? how many farm houfes ?
XVI.
How many archbifhopricks f bifhopricks ?
XVII.
How many parifhes ? XVIII. How

[ 1D2 ]
XVIII.
How many inhabitants contains a fquare league, on
an average ? how many in the moft uninhabited pro
vince ? how many in the moft populous province ?
XIX.
What is the amount that a fquare league of land,
in general cultivation, pays annually in taxes of all
kinds ? XX.
What does the whole of impofed taxes amount to
per head ?

SECT.

[ »°3 3
SECT. II.
POPULATION.
Hifiorical Account of Population — Divifion of
Inhabitants — Calculations with regard to differ
ent Proportions concerning Population — Caufes
of the Decreafe of Population, and Remedies to
prevent them — Mifcellaneous Oueflions relative
to Population.

Hifiorical Account.
i.
V V HAT number did the inhabitants of this country
amount to in the earlieft times ? by what revolutions
has population increafed ? or decieafcd ? and how is
its prefent ftate ?
Divifon of the Inhabitants.
I.
To what number amount the peafants? their wives ?
and children ? II.
Ditto manufacturers ? III. To

C »°4 1
III.
To what number amount the journeymen i
IV.
Ditto handicraftfmen ? V
Ditto apprentices ? VI.
Sailors in the royal navy ?
VII.
Ditto in merchants fervice ?
VIII.
Fifhermen ? &c. IX.
Miners in all forts of Mines ?
X.
Servants of all defcriptions i
XI.
Students at the univerfities and colleges ;-
XII.
Citizens ? XIII.
Artifts ? XIV. Re-

[

i°5 ]

XIV.

Regular trppps t

XV.

Militia ?

XVI.

Foreign troops ?

XVII.

Jews i

XVIII.
Gypfies I Negroes ?
XIX.
Merchants ? traders ? clerks ? fliopmen
XX.
Lawyers and clerks ?
XXI.
Clergy ? monks ? nuns ?
XXII.
Gentlemen living on their own fortune }
XXIII.
Retired tradefmen ? XXVI.
Nobility ?
XXV.
Poor men ? women ? and children ?
P XXVI, Fo-
[ 106 ]
XXVI.
Foreigners of all nations and ranks r
XXVII.
How was the ftate of population thefe five ? ten >
and twenty-five years ? and what is remarkable with
regard to the deviation of the prefent ftate from that
of the three periods above-mentioned : or wherein
confifts the greateft difference between the prefent
ftate and the three former ?
XXVIII.
By what means does government get an accurate
account of the population of the country ?
Calculations with regard to different
Proportions concerning Population.
I.
What proportion does the annual births bear to
the whole population ? II.
Ditto with regard to the metropolis ?
III.
What proportion between the annual marriages
and the whole population ? IV. What

C »°7 ]
IV.
What with regard to the metropolis ?

By beft computation, how many may die annually
in the country out of the number of one hundred r
VI.
Ditto in the metropolis ?
VII.
How many mothers may be delivered annually out
of the number of one hundred in the country ?
VIII.
Ditto in the metropolis ?
IX.
By beft computation, how many children may iffue
from one marriage in the country ?
X.
Ditto in the metropolis ? and how many baftards
may be annually born ? XI.
Which is the greateft number of inhabitants living
upon one fquare league ? middle number ? leaft num
ber?— See Seft I. Regijkr of Lands, Quell. XVIII.
P 2 XII. How

[ io8 ]
XII.
How many men of all other defcriptions are there
to one foldier ? XIII.
How many men to one churchman ?
XIV.
How many commoners to one nobleman ?
XV.
What proportion between the number of women
and that of men ?
Caufes of the Decreafe of Population,
and Remedies to prevent them.
I.
What kinds of fickneffes are peculiar to this country ?
II.
Which are the moft deftruftive epidemical difor-
ders ? in what month do they chiefly rage ? how are
they prevented as much as lays in human power ? how
cured ? III.
Is the fmall-pox dangerous to children ? is inocula
tion praftifed ? and what proportion is obferved
among thofe that furvive, and thofe that die by that
operation ?

[ 109 3
operation ? and what proportion between thofe that
die by the natural fmall-pox, and thofe that die
through the means ufed to preferve life, viz. inocu
lation ? IV.
Does the plague rage fometimes in this country ?
how is it introduced ? what methods are adopted to
prevent it, chiefly in thofe fea-port towns expofed to
more danger by the Levant trade ?
V.
Are murdersvery frequent ? and how does govern
ment endeavour to prevent them ? and what feems to
be the moft general caufe of them ?
VI.
Are there many inftances of little children having
been killed by their mothers ? what renders them fo
cruel ? is it fhame ? is it fear of bodily punifhment ?
is it defpair of fubfiflence while the child is at the
bread ? or what other caufe can be affigned ? and how
government endeavours to prevent this crime ?
VII.
Is it alfo ufual in this country to compel thofe girls
ofthe town that are pregnant, to have their preg
nancy regiftered at the police, and to be anfwerable
for the life of the child ? VIII. Are

[ i«o I
VIII.
Are filicides frequent ? what feems to occafion
them ? and how are thofe people treated, who have
been prevented from perpetrating that rath aft ?
IX.
Is poifoning frequent ? and by what regulations
refpefting the materials is it rendered difficult ?
X.
Are there many inftances of people having been bit
by mad animals ? bow do they proceed with thofe
unfortunate creatures ? are the fpecifics made pub
licly known ? in what do they confift ?
XI.
What feems chiefly to occafion madnefs in animals ?
XII.
Are there many people drowned ? and what has
been found the moft certain remedy to reftore them to
life? XIII.
Does not a great number of poor children die for
want of the neceffaries of life ? what kinds of food
are found the cheapell, and moft nourifhing and effica-
ous for country children ? what inltitutions are there
for maintaining and training them up to ufeful em
ployments ? XIV. Is

C »» 3
XIV.
Is not the peafant difcouraged from marrying by
heavy taxes, and the great difficulty of providing
for a family ?
XV.
Does not population fuffer a great deal by the
fcarcity of marriages among the military men ? and
how many married men are to be found in one hun
dred foldiers ? XVI.
Can the lofs that population fuffers by the celibacy
of the Roman Catholic clergy, and by the extenfive
poffeffions of that church, which are feldom or never
divided among feculars, prove a great obftruftion to
population, be calculated ? and how does government
proceed with regard to church acquifitions i
XVII.
Is not the progrefs of population checked by too
extenfive poffeffions of gentlemen, known under the
name of Entails ? and what regulations are there for
their limitation ? XVIII.
Are fuch men who have difhonoured a female,
obliged to marry her ? or what mode of reparation is
ufed ? is it by certain fines ?
XIX. How

[ 112 ]
XIX.
How many people are reckoned to quit the country
annually, in order to feek another fettlement ? and is
it chiefly to the colonies ?
XX.
Are other religions tolerated ? and is the extent of
toleration fufficient to attraft new fettlers ?
XXI.
Does government attract foreigners, and fix them
in the country by good treatment, and tempting privi
leges ? what are they ? XXII.
Does government encourage people to cultivate
wafte and abandoned grounds ? dry up marthes ? and
eftablifh colonies ? in what manner ? with what effeft ?
XXIII.
Is it ufual to banifh criminals ? for how many years ?
to what country > XXIV.
Are parents of a numerous family diftinguiflied and
favoured by government ? in what manner ?
XXV.
Is the ftate of a bachelor aggravated and rendered
lefs dcfirable J by what means?
XXVI. How

I iJ3 J
XSCVI.
How does government multiply ? or .pro.por-tiQn the
means of fubfifling ? XXVlI.
What pains 'b!oSs -it -take to>keep away -all thofe
caufes that may hinder papulation? and how does go
vernment encourage it ?
XXVIII.
Is government inftrufted as to the name ? age ? fta
tion ? kind of ficknefs ? and manner of death ? of every
deceafed perfon ? in order to prevent the caufes of
death, as much as it lays in its power ; and to get a
perfeft knowledge of the populoufnefs of the country,
and its caufes ; ofthe fkill of the appointed furgeons,
midwives, [fee Police] of the increafe, decreafe,
or permanency of certain prevailing fickneffes, Sec
Mifcellaneous Queflions.
I.
Which is the utmoft inftance of longevity known
in this country in a native ? ,
II.
According to the opinions of phyficians, what con
tributes to the general longevity, or to the fhort life
of the natives ? Q III. What

C "4 ]
III.
What is reckoned a great number of children by
one and the fame mother at one birth ?
IV.
What is faid to contribute to the fertility, or fterility
of the women in this country ?

SECT.

t "5 ]
SECT. III.
STATE of the PEASANTRY.
Extent of the Peafant's Liberty— Oppreffion by
the Magiflrates — Oppreffion by the Landlord,
and his Servants — The Peafant's Poffeffion —
His Habitation — His Food — Tobacco and
Snuff— Drefs — Inflruclion — Labour and In-
dufilry — Propagation and Longevity — Inflitu
tions regarding the Peafants — Maintenance of
the Clergy — State of the Peafantry upon dif
ferent Lands according to the different Pro
perty — Magiflrates in Villages.

Extent of the Peafant's Liberty.
I.
JtjL OW far does the liberty of the peafant ex
tend ? II.
What kind of privileges, exemptions, and prero
gatives are granted to the peafant ?
Q s III. How

III.
How far is the peafant fuppofcu to be oppreffed by
government ? IV.
In what kiui of fubjection is the peajhrit held by
the laws of the country ? V.
Is he obliged" to beftow his- labour grafiis upon pub
lic works ; as for inftance, making and repaying
roads? and how many days in a year?
VI.
Is the peafant admitted; to the perfon of the prince,
in order to complain in juft caufes of oppreffion ?¦
VII.
Does the birth of a peafant exclude him from thofe
civil, military, or . ecclefiaftical employments, which
fhould be attainable by every man of merit ?
VIII.
Is the peafant at liberty to fell his poffeffions ? and
produce when he pleafes J or to whom lie pleafes I or
what kind of reftriftions are made to prevent his fo
doing ? IX.
Is liberty of confeience allowed to the peafants f
or how far are diflenters from the national church
tolerated ? X. Is

t "7 J
X.
Is die peafant permitted to. have fine arras ?
XI.
Is it ufual for the peafont to be taken by force for
the land and fea fervice ? or does lus, being inlifted
depend on himfelf;
XU.
Is the peafan* obliged to ferve as a foldier or faifor,
till unfit for fervice ? or for a certain number of
years ?
xm.
If a poor father has feveral fons able for the military
or marine fervice, are they all taken from him ? or
one only ? XIV.
If old parents have a tingle fon from whom they
derive a fup,port in their old age, do the laws of the
country permit hira to be taken for a foWjer ?
XV.
Is the peafant of this country permitted to quit it>
and fettle where he pleafes ?
XVI.
Upon what condition is fuch permiffion granted ?
XVII.
Whatpunifhmentis inflicted on peafants emigrating
without leave ? XVIII. What

[ "8 ]
XVIII.
What are the true caufes of their deferring the
country ? is it want of fubfiftence ? or, is it oppreffion ?
or intolerance ? XIX.
To what country do they chiefly refort ?
XX.
How many people may be reckoned to emigrate
annually ?— See Population. XXI.
Is confent eafily obtained for a peafant to fettle in
any other part of the fame dominions ? and by whom
is fuch leave granted ? XXII.
Are there many peafants who refort annually to the
capital in order to engage their fervices there, or other-
wife to improve their fortune? — SeeMANUFACTURES.-
XXIII.
Does government attempt to prevent emigration ?
and by what means is it effected ? — See Population.
Oppreffion by the Magijlrate,
I.
Which are the moft common, and moft flagrant in
ftances of unjuft, arbitrary, or too rigorous proceed ings

C «9 3
ings of the provincial magiftrate againfl the helplefs
peafant ? II.
Can the peafant maintain a complaint at law againfl
the owner of the eftate he refides on ?
III.
Does not the magiftrate, in whofe province it is to
decide upon the differences between landlord and
tenant, rather fupport the intereft of the richer party i
IV.
Does not the magiftrate in fuch countries, where
the landlords are not empowered to inflift punifhments
upon peafants, comply very often with the landlord's
defire, to have a peafant he diflikes, rigouroufly pu-
nifhed for a flight offence ?v.
Does it not happen in this country, as well as in
many others, that regulations made contrary to the
intereft of the landlords and in favour of the peafant,
do not reach the knowledge of the latter, and though
given by government, are fuppreffed by the magiftrate
of the provinces ? or are the laws duly made known
to all ranks of men ?

Cpprepfion

Oppreffion by the Landlord and his
Servants. I.
In what manner is the peafant dependent on the
landlord ? II.
Are there not many inftanees of landlords having,
<by an unjuftifiable rapacity, injured the, property and
poffeffions of the peafantry under fome fpecious
pretext ? III.
Is the peafant obliged to work for the landlord
without pay ? or in what does his fervice confift ?
IV.
Does the peafant pay the landlord for his protec
tion, or in token of vaffalage ? how regulated ?
V.
Does not the jurifdlftion he exercifes over the-.pea-
ffant afford him many opportunities' of revenge and
Oppreffion? VI.
What are the different manners of oppreffion to
which the peafants are liable from their landlords,
ftewards, and other fervants ?

T/te

[ "1 ]
The Peafant's Poffeffions.

In what do commonly the poffeffions of a peafant
of this country confift ? II.
Do the houfes the peafants live in moftly belong to
them ? or to the landlord ?
III.
Do the lands moftly belong to the landlord ? or to
the peafant ? or do any of the peafants poffefs land ?
IV.
To whom belongs the cattle for cultivating the
land ? and is the land commonly cultivated with oxen ?
horfes ? or mules ? V.
Does the peafant raife cows, affes, fheep, goats,
fwine, and what kind of poultry ? are they ufually
his own '< or the landlord's ?
VI.
What extent of land ? and how much cattle is
looked upon as a middling fortune for a peafant ? and
to what fum-can this property be valued in money ?
R VII. Is

[ !22 3
VII.
Is the peafant fecure in his property ? or can pre
text be eafily formed by the landlord ? or magiftrate ?
to deprive him of it. VIII.
How is the patrimony divided amongft the children
of a deceafed peafant ?
His Habitation. I.
What are the expences of building a middling pea
fant's houfe ? what materials ? what quantity of each ?
and at what price? II.
How many workmen ? and how long employed ?
III.
How much money may the ufual houfehold goods
belonging to fuch a houfe come to ?
IV.
Are the houfes built commodioufly ? and much
or little expofed to the danger of fire by their
architecture? V. At

[ "3 ]
V.
At what diftance are they commonly one from
another ?, VI.
Are the lands belonging to the villages commonly
near them ? or at what diftance ?
VII.
Are the number of dwelling-houfes increafed or
decreafed thefe laft five ? ten ? or twenty years ? and
why fo ? VIII.
Which is the fmalleft number of houfes in a village ?
which the moft common ? which the greateft ?
IX.
Which is the greateft diftance from one village to
the other ? and what is the ufual diftances in general ?
X.
How many villages belong generally to one parifh ?
His Food.
I.
In what does the daily food ofthe peafant confift in
the fummer feafon ? in what in the winter ?
R 2 II. To

I 124 3
11.
Tp how much do the daily expences of a middling
peafant's family amount ; the family confifting of the
hufband, his wife, two children, a man fervant, and
a maid ? III.
Is the peafant fufnciently fed to labour hard with
alacrity ? IV.
What defcription of food feems to be the moft nou-
rifhing ? the moft wholefome ? and cheap ?
V.
What fort of viftuals feem to occafion difeafes pe
culiar to that country ? VI.
What is the peafant's ufual beverage ?
VII.
Is the peafant fober or fond of drinking ? and does
he give the preference to fpirits ? wine ? or malt li
quors ? or to what fort of drink ?
Tobacco and Snuff.
1.
Does the peafant take fnuff, or fmoke tobacco ?
and how many are to be found out of ten who indulge
themfelves in thofe practices? II. Tp

[ "5 ]
II.
To how much money may the tobacco or fnuff con-
fumed annually by a peafant amount? ahd confe
quently the confumption of the whole peafantry ?
Drefs. i.
In what confifts the drefs of a peafant ? and his
wife ? of what materials is each ? and which is the
colour moft generally worn ?
ir.
How much does a complete common man's drefs
coft ? how much a woman's drefs ?
III.
How many years does each commonly laft ?
IV.
In what does commonly the linen ftock of both
fexes confift ? V.
Of what materials are the men's fhirts and women's
fhifts made ? VI.
What is the price of a common fhirt and a common
fhift ? VII. Is

[ i>6 ]
VII.
- Is the linen for that purpofe made in the country ?
in what part ? and at what price ? or whence brought ?
and at what price ? VIII.
What kind of ftockings do the men wear ? what
kind the women ? are they made by the peafants
themfelves ? and what is their value ?
IX.
How are the peafant's feet covered ? where do the
materials for that purpofe come from ? what is the
price of a pair of peafant's fhoes ? and how long may
they be worn ? X.
What kind of head covering does the peafant make
life of ? of what kind of material ? where is this arti
cle made ? at what price ? and how many years
does it laft in conftant wear ?
XI.
What is looked upon by both fexes as a luxury in
drefs? Are filver buckles, fil ver buttons, ear-rings,
golden chains, &c. in ufe among the peafantry ?
XII.
Does the defire of poffeffing fuch ornaments encou
rage people to induftry ? XIII. How

[ »27 3
XIII.
How much does a peafant of a middling fortune,
annually fpend on an average for his clothes ? his
wife's ? and children's dreffes ?
XIV.
According to this minute account of a peafant's
drefs, what is the amount of foreign manufaftures
imported annually for covering him ?

InftruBion.

I.
Is care taken to inftruft the peafant in the principles
of religion ? II.
Does the peafant evince by his general conduct that
he is influenced by religion ?
III.
Is the peafantry in general inftrufted in reading ?
writing ? and the firft rudiments of Arithmetic ?
What meafures does government take for the in
ftruftion of the peafant in agriculture? feeding of
cattle ? &c. &c.

V. In

[ "8 ]
V
In what manner are new difcoveries in agriculture
in general made known to the peafants ? and how are
they excited to introduce them ?
VI.
Is there a public fchool erected for farriery ? and
of the general treatment of cattle ? and the peafant
taught how to prevent, and cure difeafes incidental
thereto ? VII.
In what place is this fchool eftablifhed ? and what
is remarkable concerning it ?
VIII.
What parts of hufbandry feems to be beft under-
ftood by the peafants of this country ?
IX.
Are the laws in favour of the peafantry duly pub
lifhed ? or is it in the power of any rank of men to
fupprefs or hinder their being fo ? — See Oppreffion by
the Magiftrate, Queft. V.
Labour and Induflry.
I.
Is the peafant of this country laborious in cultiva
ting the ground ? how many hours conftitute his day's
work ? II. Is

[ 1B9 ]
II.
Is die peafant fober and parfimonious ? and what
is rus employment when labour in the fields is not
required ? III.
Does the peafant rear cattle for fale ? or for making
butter and cheefe for fale ?
IV.
Hpw dp the women and children employ their time?
do they fpin wool ? flax ? knit ftockings ? &c. &c.
V.
In cafe the peafant be neither laborious nor induf
trious, what is the reafon of his being otherwife ?
VI.
As we cannot fuppofe that nature has denied the
peafant fufficient mufcular ftrength, it remains to be
inquired, Whether his labour be fufficiently rewarded ?
and why not ? VII.
How does the government favour the fale of his
produce by exportation ? or other means ?
VIII.
Is not the peafant's induflry perhaps checked by
fear of lofing his property ?
S IX. Is

[ *3° 3
IX.
Is the peafant's induftry obftrufted by too heavy
taxes and impofts ? X.
Is not the peafant's idlenefs encouraged by the
great facility of finding means of fubfifting without
working ? XI.
How many holidays are there in the year ?
XII.
Does the peafant work on any of thefe holidays I
XIII.
What wages are given to the peafant in his different
works in hufbandry ? XIV.
Has the price of labour increafed thefe laft five ?
ten ? or twenty years ? and in what proportion ?
XV.
In what 1 efpeft does the peafant of this country
deferve to be imitated in other countries ?
XVI.
What kind of induftry feems to be the moft proper
to this country I XVII. What

[ »3* 3
xvii.
What means does government actually employ to
render the peafant laborious and induftrious ? and
what may further conduce to it ?
Propagation and Longevity.
i.
Does the number of the peafants in the villages
increafe? or decreafe? — See Habitation, Popula
tion, &c. II.
At what age does the peafant commonly marry ;
III.
Are marriages of men of feventy, or upwards,
common ? IV.
At what age is the greateft part of country girls
marriageable ? V
To what age do country women commonly bring
forth children ? VI.
What is confidered to be the greateft number of
children bv one mother?

S 2 VII. How

C 132 ]
VII.
How many children are on an average by One
marriage? — See Population. VIII.
Does it happen fometimes that children are born of
parents who are not married? and to what reparation
do the laws of the country oblige the father ofthe
child to provide for it, and the mother, either by mar
riage ? fettlement ? or what other mode ?
IX.
What difagreeable effects has the birth of a natural
child upon the mother ? X.
Does not the punifhment and fhame of the mother
prove the caufe of the deftruftion of many infants ?
XI.
Are there inftances of divorces, or frequent repara
tions among peafants ? XII.
Are venereal difeafes known among the labouring
poor ? XIII.
What is the moft general portion given to a
daughter ? XIV. What

C »33 ]
XIV.
What feems to be the moft general and moft pow.
erful obftruftions to the propagation of the country
people ? How does government encourage the increafe
of the ufeful race of hufbandmen ?
XV.
Do the country people live to a confiderable age !
XVI.
Is the age of one hundred years and upwards
frequent ? XVII.
Which part of the country produces the oldeft men ?
and women? and what feems to contribute towards
the longevity of the inhabitants of that fpot ?
In/litutions regarding the Peafants.
1.
What care is taken of the labouring poor S
II.
How is the peafant fupported if his houfe, or barn,
be deftroyed by fire, water, or winds ?
III.
How is he affifted if his crop be injured, or reduced
in value by blighting winds, feverity of weather, or
other caufes ? IV. How

[ *34 1
IV.
How is the peafant prcferved from itarving in
time of famine ? V.
How is reparation made to the peafant for fuch
lofics and injuries he may foftain by being in the feat,
and fharing the calamities of war ?
VI.
How affifteel with money for buying cattle if de
stroyed by difeafes ? VII.
What precautions are ufed againfl the progrefs of
epidemical fickneffes ? what care taken to flop their
courfes ? VIII.
What regulations are made for fupplying the vil
lages with able furgeons ? and approved midwives ?
and medicines ? IX.
Who is appointed to defend the caufes of the pea
fant if wronged in any manner? X.
What regulation is there in favour of a poor pea
fant, who by accident has been difabled to pay the
taxes, or civil debts ? XI. What

[ *35 3
XI.
What fyftem is adapted in providing for poor dif
abled people in the villages ? how are they employed ?
how the fund for their fubfiftence raifed ? — See alio
Charitable Institutions. XII.
How are orphans when abandoned brought up ?
inftrufted ? and provided for when at an age for
earning their bread. — See Ditto.
XIII.
Are people reltrained from begging ? and how J —
See Ditto. XIV.
To what number dees the real poor of this country
amount ? and what feems to contribute moftly towards
impoverifhing the natives ? — See Ditto.
Maintenance, of the Clergy.
i.
What are the peafants expences for maintaining
the parifh clergy ? are the peafants obliged to pay the
tythes ? and of what articles? II.
How much are the prieft's fees for weddings ?
chriftenings ? burials ? &c. III. Are

t 136 ]
III.
Are they fixed by government ? or arbitrary i
IV.
Are the mendicant orders burthenfome to the
peafant ?
State of the Peafantry upon different
Lands, according to the different
Property. 1.
In what ftate are the peafants upon the Crown lands ?
and how privileged ? II.
How is their ftate upon the eftates belonging to
the church ? III.
What difference is there in the taxes between thofe
peafants that live upon the crown lands, and thofe
that live upon an eftate belonging either to the
church ? or to a nobleman ?
IV.
How much per cent, does a peafant of a middling
fortune pay the fovereign annually on his grofs ex
penditure ?— See Taxes. Magiflrates

C »37 3
Magiflrates in the Villages.
I.
Of what individuals is the magiftracy in the villages
compofed ? II.
Who inftitutes the magiftrates in the villages ? the
mafter of the village ? or by eleftion ?
III.
How long do the people appointed remain in the
different offices of magiftracy ?
IV.
Do the members ferve their village gratis ? or what
emolument is annexed to their dignity ?

SECT.

C ?38 ]
SECT. IV,
AGRICULTURE.
Hifiorical Account of the Progrefs of Agriculture ofthe
Country — Quefiians applicable to the Political Review
relative to Agriculture — Calculation of the Annual
Amount ofthe Crop — Calculation ofthe Confumption
of the different ProduBions — Divifion of Land —
Manner of cultivating Noblemen' s Efiates — Syfiem of
Agriculture — Manuring  Ploughing— Sowing 
Harvefi — Conveying Corn into the Barn— Barns —
Threfhing — Granaries — Corn-Pits — Land-Tax — Me
thod of extending the Knowledge of Agriculture all
over the Country — Improvements in Hufbandry —
Pafiure-Graund and Meadows — Plants and Roots for
Dying— Flax and Hemp-. — Vineyards — Honey and
Wax — Degree of Fertility — Manner of calculating
the Expence and Income per Acre — Infurance of the
ProduBions of Agriculture againfl the Danger of
Weather — ObfiruBions to the Progrefs of Hufbandry.

Hifiorical Account of the Progrefs of
Agriculture of the Country,
TX N what time did the natives of this country begin
to efteem hufbandry ? and which are the moft remark
able periods in the annals of agriculture ? II. Who

Political Review, Valuation, &c. relative to Agriculture.

higheft
ice.

Amount of
the Annual
Crop of each
Produftion,

Value of the
Crop of each
Production on
an Average.

Annual Con-I Quantity
fumption ofl annually ex-
each Produc-fportedofeach

tion.

Production.

Country
inhere each
Production is
carried to,
a^d in what
Quantity and
Value on an
Average.

Name of the
Province
where each
Production is
cultivated,

Number of
Acres cm-
ployed for
the Cultiva
tion of each
Produ&ion.

Price of an
Acre of
Ground pro
per for the
Culture of
each Produc
tion,

Rent of an
Acre of
Ground pro
per for the
Culture of
each Produc
tion.

Degree of
Fertility, viz„
h w many
Buffiels for
one Buthel
of Seed.

fjg' To face Page 139.

C »39 3
It.
Who was the firft author that has written on that
important and ufeful fubject ? and in what year ?
III.
Who are the moft confiderable authors that have
followed him ? and on what part of hufbandry does
each of them chiefly treat ?
Queflions applicable to the Political
Review, Valuation, &c. relative to
Agriculture. i.
What are the productions of this country by agri
culture ? II.
What are the loweft prices of thofe productions ?
and what are the higheft ? III.
What is the amount of the annual crop of each
production ? IV.
What is the value of the crop of each production?
V.
How much of each production is annually con-
fumed in the country ?T a VI. What

[ HQ 3
VI.
What quantity of each production is annually ex
ported I VII.
To what countries is each production exported ?
hpw much of each production ? and to what value ?
VIII.
In what province is each production chiefly cul
tivated ? IX.
How many acres (I mean what extent of ground)
are employed for the cultivation of each production ?
X.
What is the price of the extent of ground cor-
refponding to an Englifh acre, proper for the culti
vation of each production ?
XI.
What is the rent of an acre of ground proper for
the cultivation of each production ?
XII.
How many bufhels for one bufhel of feed does the
ground bring forth of each production i Calculation

t 14* 3
Calculation of the Annual Amount
of the Crop.
1.
What means does the government make ufe of to
know the quantity of corn annually produced in the
country ? is it by the calculation of the produce of
the tythes ? or by the known dimenfion of cultivated
lands ? or by the comparifon of the quantity of corn
deposited in the magazines in fertile and barren years ?
Calculation of the Confumption of
the different Productions.
1.
How many bufhels of wheat for bread, or other
farinaceous food, are reckoned annually for the con
fumption of one perfon ? II
In cafe the country does not produce the neceffary
quantity of wheat, from what countries is it fupplied
with the deficient quantity ? how many bufhels come
from each country ? and at what price ?
III.
How many horfes are reckoned to be in the coun
try ? what quantity of oats is allowed to a horfe, on

[ J42 ]
on an average ? and to what number of bufhels do the
oats annually confumed by the horfes amount ?
IV.
In cafe the country does not produce the neceflary
quantity of oats for horfes and other purpofes, from
what country is it fupplied with the deficient quantity i
how many bufhels come from each country ? and at
what price ?
N. B. The fame queftions concerning barley and
the other grains, whereof the ufe is confiderable.
Divifion of Land.

Are the landed eftates of the nobility divided into
very extenfive poffeffions, as in Spain, Hungary, &c.
or in very fmall ones as in England ?
Manner of cultivating Noblemen's
Eflates. i.
Are noblemen's eftates commonly laid out at a cer
tain rent ? or do the noblemen moftly agree with far
mers to have their eflates cultivated by them, and to
fhare the profit with them ? or are the noblemen's
eftates cultivated on their own account ? II. Do

t l43 ]
II.
Do the landlords let out their poffeffions to a fevr
rich farmers ? or to many inconfiderable ones ? and
to what rents do farms ufually run in this country ?
III.
What kind of farmers are generally found the moft
interefting to their landlords, the capital and wealthy?
or the little and induftrious ? and why fo ?
IV.
For how many years are the eftates let out to the
capital farmers ? for how many to the leffer ones i
V.
On what terms ? or in what manner do the capital
farmers pay their rent to the landlord ? in what
manner the little ones ? monthly ? or at what other
periods ? VI.
Do they always pay their rent in fpecie ? or fome
times only ? or partly in kind ?
VII.
What influence has the duration of the leafe upon
the advance or reduction of rent ? or in other words,
how does the duration of a leafe determine the rents
being higher or lower ? VIII. Does

C »44 3
VIII.
Does the fale of a landed eftate annihilate its leafe i
IX.
What proportion is there between the rent paid to
the landlord, and the farmer's profit? or in other
words, if the eftate let out to the farmer produces
8 per cent, per aim. how much will the rent be which
the farmer can afford, and will confent to pay ?
X.
What are the concomitant conditions of a contract
made with a farmer, to have the eftate cultivated by
him, and to fhare the profit with him ?
XI.
To what inconveniences is that method expofed ?
XII.
What kind of farmers are thofe with whom the no
blemen make thofe contracts ? are they confiderable ?
or much otherwife i XIII.
Are the noblemen's eftates commonly cultivated by
their fervants and cattle ? or are the peafants paid
for each work feparately ?

XIV. Are

E *45 I
XIV.
Are the rural works paid by the day i or by the
acre ?
XV.
Which of thofe two methods is preferable, in order
to have the eftate well cultivated i . 'l.'l nfif.'! i.
XVI.
How much is paid per day ? or per acre ? for
ploughing with two oxen ? or two horfes at the depth
of fix inches, more of lefs i
XVII.
How much per day is ufually paid ? or per acre ?
for fallowing ? fowing ? harrowing ? &c.
XVIII.
How much per day ? or per acre ? is ufually given
for reaping Corn ? mowing hay ?¦ Sit.
XIX.
How much for threfhing per bufhel ? or per day ?
XX.
How much per day ? or per acre for digging the
ground ? for gathering the grapes ? and other works
in hufbandry ?

U XXI. How

[ M6 ]
XXI.
How much has the price of labour been raifed thefe
five ? ten ? or twenty years ?
XXII.
To how much money amounts the food i and falary
of a man fervant l XXIII.
What is the annual expence of keeping a pair of
oxen i XXIV.
How much work can they do in one day ?
XXV.
What is the annual expence of keeping a pair of
horfes or mules ? XXVI.
How much work can they perform in one day ?
XXVII.
Is not the culture by oxen far preferable to the
culture by horfes or mules with regard to this country i
Syfiem of Agriculture. i.
Does the land produce every year without inter
ruption ? or how many years is the ground fuccef-
fively cultivated without refting ? II. What

[ »47 3
II.
What rotations have proved the moft ufeful in
this country ? III.
What kind of corn yields the greateft profit to the
hufbandman ? How many per cent, on an average ?
IV.
Which plant is the moft profitable ? how many per
cent, does it render on an average ?

Manuring.

i.
What kind of manure do the hufbandmen of this
country make ufe of for the different productions in
the different forts of foil J II.
After how many years muft manuring be repeated ?
III.
How much manure muft be beftowed upon one
acre of ground ? IV.
Which are the moft ufeful obfervations that have
been made on that important fubject ?

TJ 2 Ploughing.

i *tf J
Ploughing. i.
How are the ploughs conftructed according to the
different forts of land ? and ufes to which they are
applied t II.
Which kind of plough feems to anfwer thp purpofe
feeft 1 and why J III.
How often do they plough for wheat ? barley ? rye >
oats i and in what month for each fort of grain ?
IV.
To what depth, and how broad are the furrows
made? V.
What is remarkable in the manner >of ploughing in
this country ? VI.
What ufeful difcoveries have the hufbandmen of
this country made with regard to the important ope
ration pf preparing the foil ?

Sowing,

I.
In what manner do the hufbandmen of this country
fow f II. Are

[ »49 3
II.
Are drill ploughs in life in order to feve feed, and
fow equally i III.
How are they cpnftructed for the different pro.
ductions ? iy.
What is their ufe ? and how is their utility to be
calculated ? V.
How many inches deep do they commonly fow the
grain of different forts ? VI.
By what contrivance does the hufbandman explore
the moft proper depth for the feed ?
VII.
By what contrivance do the hufbandmen judge of
the nature of the feed, in order to know how much
defective there is amongft any given quantity, and to
allow properly for it in fowing ?
VIII.
How is the feed of the different grains prepared
before fowing it ? IX.
What quantity of feed is commonly allowed to an
acre of rough ground ? what quantity to an acre of
fine ground ? X. In

[ *5° 3
X.
In what month is wheat ? barley ? rye ? oats ? and
other grains fown in the fouthern provinces ?
XI.
Ditto in the northern ? XII.
What ufeful difcoveries have been made with re
gard to fowing according to the different feeds ? the
nature of the land ? the manner of laying it ? and the
feafon ?

Harvefl,

i.
In what month is the harveft of wheat ? barley ?
rye ? oats ? and other grains in the fouthern pro
vinces ? II.
Ditto in the northern provinces ?
III.
What kinds of inftruments are ufed for cutting
down corn ? hay ? and how are they conftructed ?
IV.
What quantity of corn ? of hay ? may an expert
cutter cut down in one day with this inftrument ?
V. What

[ ^1 3
v.-
What is remarkable concerning the manner of
harvefting ? VI.
How long is the corn left in the field after having
been cut down ? and in what manner is it laid upon
the ground, in high or low heaps ?
VII.
What difcoveries have been made concerning the
moft advantageous method of reaping corn ?
Conveying Corn into the Barn.
i
How is corn conveyed from the fields into the barn ?
II.
How are the carts for conveying corn ? hay ? and
all forts of light objects conftructed ? what are the
dimenfions of the body ? and wheels ?
III.
What load can be laid upon them ? what may be
their weight ? by how many cattle are they drawn ?
and what may be the expence of fuch a cart ?

Barns.

[ 152 1
Barns. i.
How are trie barns for laying up corn ? hay ? or
ftruw built ? ii.
How are the air-holes placed i and what is obferved
with regard to the method of laying up corn ? hay i
and ftraw to the beft advantage ?
III.
Are the barns near the peafants houfes, or far from
them ? and fecure, againfl accidents by fire ?

Threfhingi

r.
Which is the moft fimple ? the moft profitable ?
and the leaft fatiguing method of threfhing received
by the experteft hufbandmen of this country ?
II.
What kind of threfhing machines are introduced in
this country ? how are they conftructed ?
III.
What quantity can be threfhed out by that ma
chine in one day ? of what particular utility is that
machine? and what is the expence of this ufeful
contrivance i IV. Is

C »53 ]
IV.
Is the threfhing machine invented by Mr. Win-
law, Engine-Maker, of London, introduced fome-
where into this country ?
Granaries and Corn-Pits.

Is the corn kept in granaries above ground ? or in
fubterraneous caverns ? or how ?
II.
How are the granaries of capital landlords built ?
how many ftories high ? how near are the ftories to
one another ? have they vent-holes at top ? do not they
moftly look towards the north quarter, it being the
cooleft and confequently moft proper ?
III.
Of what materials are they commonly built ?
IV.
What precautions are taken for preventing the cor
rupting of corn before it is put into the granary ?
V.
What precautions are taken when in the granaries ?
X VI. How

[ 154 3
VI.
Haw often is it turned and fcreened in the coutfe
of a month ? VII.
How is frefh corn affedted by thunder and light
ning, cured ? does turning fuch corn three or four
times a day for two months or longer, prove an effica
cious remedy againfl its corruption ?
VIII.
What contrivances for ventilating corn are there ?
IX.
How are rats and mice? and infects kept from corn?
X.
Which is the beft way for drying corn ?
XI.
How many years is corn kept without injury ?
XII.
How are the fubterraneous caverns for keeping corn
conftructed ? XIII.
What is to be obferved with regard to thofe pits be
fore corn is put in ? what matter is laid upon the bot
tom as a bed for the grain ? XIV. How

[ '55 3
XIV.
How is the corn dried before it is depofited in thofe
caverns ?
XV.
How is the corn covered ? the air kept out ? and
the cavern hermetically clofed ?
XVI.
How many years is corn preferved by this method ?
Land-Tax. I.
Do all the poffeffors of landed eftates pay the fame
land-tax ? or who enjoys an exemption in that refpect?
what pretences are formed for fuch exemption ? or
upon what conditions ? and for what length of time
are they entitled to that indulgence ?
II.
How is the land-tax laid on ? and what difference
made according to the different goodnefs of ground i
III.
In what years have the lands been claffed ? into
how many claftes have they been divided ?
IV.
How many acres are there in each clafs ?
X 2 V. How

[ 156 ]
V.
How much pays an acre of ground annually accord
ing to the above-mentioned claffes ?
VI.
Is there a tax upon the rent ? or upon the produce
of land ? and is it levied according to a valuation,
which varies with all the variations of the market
price ? or according to a fixed valuation ?
VII.
How much is paid per fquare league by this cal
culation ? VIII.
Is the land-tax always the fame for the improved
eftates as well as thofe that remained in the primitive
ftate ? IX.
Is the landlord permitted to raife what he pleafes ?
and in cafe he fhould introduce a new plant, would
not he be obliged to pay an additional tax ?
X.
What is the name of the meafure made ufe of for
meafiiring lands? how many fquare feet does it oc
cupy ? and in what proportion is it with the Englifh
acre ?

Mdhod

[ 157 3
Method of extending the Knowledge of
Agriculture in this Country.
i.
What means does government make ufe of to con-
vince the public of the importance of the art of agri
culture ? II.
Is the theory and practice of agriculture publicly
taught in the univerfities ? or colleges ? in what
places of the country ? III.
What plan is followed in teaching the theorical
part of it ? what plan for the practical part ?
IV.
What is underftood under the theorical part ? and
what is comprifed under the practical \
V.
What kind of people are chofen to be the teachers !
what is the reward of the profefforfhip ?
VI.
How many years does the courfe of that ftudy
laft? VII. Of

[ 158 3
VII.
Of what ftation in life are the fcholars ? and is not
the meaning of that wife inftitution to inftruct chiefly
the nobility in this important branch of knowledge, in
order to enable them to improve their landed eftates,
and render themfelves happy as well as their peafants?
VIII.
In what different manners is agriculture improved
in this country ? IX.
Are there focieties of agriculture eftablifhed in this
country ? in what places ? X.
Of what utility have they been to the country ? what
branches of agriculture have been moftly improved ?
by what means do they encourage ? cr reward
induftry ? XI.
What kind of premiums feem to have the beft effect
upon the people ? do honorary premiums, for in
ftance medals, excite them more than more pro
fitable ones, as money, implements of agriculture ? &c.
Improvements in Hufbandry.
i.
Wherein do the moft remarkable improvements of
all the different branches of hufbandry confift ?
II. Which

[ 159 ]
II.
Which of thofe improvements and difcoveries are
entirely unknown ? or very little known in foreign
countries ? and how far are they applicable to them ?

III.
What kind of exotic plants ? grains ? herbs ? roots ?
trees ? fhrubs ? &c. have been introduced in this
country, and with what fuccefs ?
IV.
What kind of ground is fit for them ? how is it
prepared ? how that exotic production cultivated ?
V.
What is to be obferved concerning the time of
ripenefs ? the management ? the quality ? the ufe ? &c.
of thofe productions. VI.
Is not enclofing land looked upon as a great im
provement ? and as fuch, how far is its ufe become
common ? VII.
Which province has the greateft quantity of wet
lands ? and which is looked upon as the beft method
ibr draining them ? VIII. What

I **> ]
VIII.
• What kind of ufeful machines- are made ufe of
for draining marfhy grounds ?
IX.
With what expence is the draining of marfhy
lands by the beft method attended ?
X.
For what productions is the watering of land ufed ?
XI.
Is the method of watering thefe lands fuch, as to
admit a continual ufe of water ? or only a tempo
rary one ? XII.
What method is ufed to water dry lands ? and where
does the water come from ?
XIII.
What production do the hufbandmen of this
country raife in fandy and quite barren dry foils,
where watering is not practicable ?
XIV.
Which is obferved to be the moft profitable manner
of cultivating thofe kind of foils ? XV. In

C »6» 3
XV.
In what province are thofe barren foils chiefly to
be met with ? XVI.
Are cabbages ? potatoes ? parfnips ? carrots ? Jeru-
falem artichokes ? beets ? peas ? beans ? cultivated in
this country ?

Pafiure-Ground and Meadows.
i.
What proportion is there between the pafture-
ground, and the ground for tillage ?
II.
What method is ufed to lay down land that has
been in tillage with grafs for pafture-ground ?
III.
Which feeds are reckoned to be the moft profitable
for that purpofe ? and how much of each ought to be
allowed to an acre ) IV.
Is fulla Arabica ? fainfoin ? lucerne, &c. made ufe
of i how fowed ? how great a quantity of each fort to
an acre ? ,

V. What

t 162 ]
V.
What method is purfued with regard to artificial
paflures ? VI.
Is the culture of turnips knownand extenfive here ?
and bow are they planted i
VII.
Is the culture of potatoes introduced here ? and
what fort of cattle are fed with them.
VIII.
What quantity given ? and of what effect is that
food ? IX.
How many different ufes are made of potatoes ?
Plants and Roots for Dying.
1.
What kinds of plants',? roots ?: &c. for dying, does
.tliisxountry produce ? II.
How is each fort cultivated ?
III.
How prepared for the ufe of dying ? IV. Where

C »6| ]
IV.
Where is-each fort confumed ? and in what kind of
manufacture employed ? V.
How does government encourage the planting of
thofe ufeful productions ?

Flax and Hemp.

I.
Is the culture of flax very much extended in this
country ? in what province is its culture chiefly in
troduced ? II.
How do the moft confiderable hufbandmen of this
country cultivate flax ? which foil do they choofe in
preference for that ufeful production I
III.
In which month is flax fown ? and what kind of
feafon (a dry or a wet one) is the moft favourable for
that operation ? IV.
How many bufhels of feed are allowed to an acre ?
V.
What is to be obferved concerning the proper pre
paration of flax? Y a VI. What

[ ,464 ]
VI.
What is the chief ufe of flax ? and its price ?
VII.
How many people may be reckoned to be main-
tained annually by the culture and preparation of flax ?
and the working it off?
N. B. The fame queftionj are applicable to the
Culture of Hemp,

Vineyards.

i.
Does this country produce wine ? in what provinces
does it grow moft plentifully ?
II.
What is the name of the moft efteemed forts of
wine ? what quantity is on an average produced of
each fort ? III.
Where moftly confumed } and what is the price of
each fort of new wine ? IV.
Are the vines propagated from layers or cuttings ?
and what is to be obferved in order tp effectuate a
fuccefsful propagation ? V. How

C 165 ]
V.
How are the grounds prepared for vines, according
to the different nature of the foil ?
VI.
What diftance do the vines keep from each other i
VII.
What is obferved the reft of the time with regard
to the culture of young vines ?
VIII.
What is to be obferved concerning the manage
ment of grown vines ? IX.
Jn what month is the vintage ?
X.
How is the wine preffed out ? and what is remark
able concerning the method of doing it? how is the
prefs machine conftructed ?
XI.
How is the wine managed after having been preffed
out ? how long expofed to fermentation?
XII.
How are the cellars conftructed ? and the wine kept?
XIII. How

[ iB6 J
XIII.
How much time muft the wine remain on its lees ?
how long in the cellar? and what preparations are
requifite to a ftate for drinking ?
Money and Wax.
i.
: A#fc the httfbartdrhen of this country expert in the
ceconomy of bees ? in what province is the greateft
quantity of beehives to be found ? or from what coun
try is honey and wax imported ?
II.
How much does the country annually confume of
each article ? and what is the price of each ?
III.
In cafe honey was produced in this country, to
wh*t quantity can the honey and wax annually col
lected amount J IV.
How much of it is annually exported on an ave
rage ? to what countries i how much to each ?
V.
What ufeful difcoveries have been made with re-
£ard to the economy of bees? to the feparation of
honey from wax ? &c. VI. How

t *S7 3
VI.
How are the.bees fupplied' with fufficient food!
VH*
How are they guarded from their enemies the plun
dering bees? the hornets and wafps ? the mice? fpi*
ders ? caterpillars ? wax-worms ? birds ? &c.
VIII.
How is the produce of their labour cpUefl;e4 with
out deftroying them ? IX.
Is there fome new and remarkable difcovery con
cerning the ufe of honey and wax in medicines ? in
manufactures ? X.
How is wax bleached in this country ?
XI.
What authors have written to the greateft fatisfac»
tion of the intelligent hufbandman, with regard tp the
ceconomy of bees ? and the art of bleaching wax?
Xii.
Hpw is bee egconomy encouraged, in this country-?

Degree

[ 168 ]
Degree of Fertility •.
i.
How much per cent, do the landed eftates render
on an average ? II.
In what part of the country do they render the
tnoft? and how much to the utmoft? — See Political
Review relative to Agriculture. III.
In feven years how many may be reckoned abun
dant ? how many of a middling fertility I and how
many barren ? IV,
How much has the price of lands been raifed thefe
ten ? twenty ? fifty years ? and what is the caufe of iti >
V.
The degree of goodnefs of corn being alfo judged
by its weight, it is afked, how much does the bufhel
of the different forts of grain weigh ? and how many
pounds weight is a bufhel ?
VI.
Do the beft hufbandmen keep weather regifters t
how many rainy days are reckoned annually on an
average ? Manner

t 169 3
Manner of calculating the Expence
and Income per Acre.
1. '¦" *
What expences mult be calculated in this country ?
for inftance, rent, land-tax, [if not comprifed in the
rent] manure, labour, feed, fowing, reaping,
threfhing, &c. How do they value the income ?
Infurance of the Produclions of Agri
culture againfl the Danger of
Weather. 1.
Is there fuch an inftitution known in this country ?
upon what plan is it eftablifhed ? how the damages
eftimated ?
Obfirutlions to the Progrefs ' of
Hufbandry. I.
Which are looked upon to be the greateft obftruc- .
tions to the progrefs of agriculture and hufbandry jn
general ? — See Si ate of the Peasantry. — Ditto
Population, &c. Z II. Are

[ i7° 3
II.
Are there not fome great ab»fes in religion which
are great hindrances to agriculture ? too many holy-
days ? too frequent proceffions ? rural devotions ?
pilgrimages ? confraternities ? &c. &c.
III.
Is not agriculture deprived of a great many vigo
rous men who turn monks ?
IV.
How far is the military fyftem of this country ob
noxious to agriculture ? V.
How many men may be reckoned that agriculture
annually lofes by the prefent military fyftem ?
VI.
Is the private foldier permitted to return to his vil
lage, when his prefence would be moft required for
the rural labours ? VII.
Is the peafant of this country of a vagrant difpo-
fition ? does he like to be enrolled ?
VIII.
Are the invalids fent into their villages ? or are they
condemned to die in lazinefs in an hofpital i
SECT.

Loweft d higheft
ire of a
cce of
ch Sort.

An Oeconomical and Politica

Annual Ex
pence of
keeping a.
Piece of
raffi Sort.

AnmialPro-
fit of a Piece
eff each Sort.
loweft, fcigheft.

Province
which pro
duces the
beft Cattle
of each Sort.

Moft com
mon Sick-
neflcs to
which each
f- rt of Cat7
tie is Jjable.

Remaik-able good
Qualities of
each Sort of
Cattle,

Tax for a Chief Mar-
?iece of 'ket for each
;ach Sort of Sort of Cat-
battle paid
.nnual'y to
the State,

Review of Cattle.

Permitted
or not, to be
exported or
imported,

ForeignCountry
where each
Sort is ex>
ported to, or
imported from.

Number of
each Sort
annually
exported to,
or imported
from each
Country.

Duty of Im-|Total anim,
port at ion orlal Amount
t-xportationiof the Doty
per Head of'of Importa
tion or Ex
portation of
each Sort.

each Sort.

g^f" To face Page 171.

[ i7i 1

SECT. V.

CATTLE in GENERAL.
Explanatory ^ueftions relative to the Oeconomical
and Political Review of Cattle — General !%huf-
tions refpeiling Cattle.

Explanatory Quefiions relative to the
Oeconomical and Political Review
of Cattle. I.
VV HAT forts of cattle are there in this country i
ir-
How many head of each fort are there on an
average ? III.
Which is the loweft ? and which is the higheft price
A a piece pf each fort ?
Z B IV. What

[ *7» 3
IV.
What is the annual expence of keeping a piece
of each fort ? V.
How much is the leaft annual profit ? how much
the higheft price per head of each fort ?
VI.
What province produces the beft cattle of each
fort? VII.
Which are the moft common fickneffes of each
kind of cattle ? VIII.
Which are the moft remarkable good qualities of
each Tort of cattle ? IX.
How much does the tax paid for a piece of each
fort of cattle annually amount to ?
X.
Where are the chief markets for each fort of cattle?
XI.
What fort of cattle is permitted, or not, to be ex
ported ? or imported ? XII.
What foreign country is each fort of cattle exported
to ? or imported from ? XIII. What

[ 173 J
XIII.
What number of each fort is annually exported to,
or imported from each country ?
XIV.
How much is the duty of importation or exporta
tion per head of each fort i
XV.
What is the total amount of the duty of importa
tion ? or exportation of each fort ?
General ^ue/lions re/pecling Cattle.
i.
What kind of cattle of this country is fuperior to
foreign cattle ? and which fort is inferior to thofe of
others ? II.
Do the inhabitants of this country apply themfelves
to the breeding and feeding of cattle, and to the
making of butter and cheefe? III.
How far is the country favourable for breeding and
feeding of cattle ? or what natural and political ob-
ftmftions are there to this kind of induftry ?

IV.
Is cattle fubjeft to tythes for the church ?

V. Is

[ 174 ]
V
Is it ufual to kill cattle for falting ? where is it
moftly killed ? and for what purpofe ?
VI.
- In cafe the fleet wants falted meat, where is it pro
vided from ? at what price ? and what quantity ?
VII.
Is not meat alfo falted for exportation ? how many
head of cattle killed ? price of the different forts of
meat ? to what countries is it carried ? where from ?
how much weight ? VIII.
How far is the confumption of the whole country to
Be known by flaughter-houfe regifters ? to what fum
does the whole amount ? IX.
How much meat is confumed annually in the
capital ? X.
What ufe is made of the hides ? are they tanned in
the country ? or exported raw ? to what countries ?
how many to each ? and at what price ?
XI.
What regulations have been made in the country to
encourage the breeding and feeding of cattle ?
XII. What

[ <75 1
XII.
What care does government take to unite rural
ceconomy, and breeding of cattle i ±. ^.
XIII.
How many people may be reckoned to live by
breeding and feeding each fort of cattle ?
XIV.
If cattle is exported from this country, in what fea-
port is it moftly embarked ?

SECT,

£ 176 J

S E C T. VI.

BLACK CATTLE..
HiJlorical Account of " Black Cattle — Houjing —
' Food — Difeafes — Propagation — MdkingButter
and Cheefe — Manner of difpofing of both.

Hifiorical Account of Black Cattle.
i.
XJ. A S the fineft breed of black cattle always been
peculiar to this country ? or in what time have the
natives improved the breed by importing foriegn
bulls and cows ? and what countries have they been
brought from ? II.
Is the generality of hufbandmen intelligent in breed
ing and feeding cattle, both for making butter and
cheefe, ahd for the flaughter-houfe ? and which pro
vinces are the moft celebrated for that purpofe ?
Hcitfing.

C »77 1
Houfing. I.
In what months is the cattle which is brought up
for the flaughter-houfe ? and the milch cows, expofed
day and night to the open air ?
II.
How are the ftables and cow-houfes conftructed to
the beft advantage ? hoW the windows placed' ?
III.
How are the channels for Conveying urine and dung
out of the cow-hoilfe contrived ?
IV.
How the cattle cleaned ?
Food. I.
How is black cattle for the flaughter-hoiife fed in
the different feafons ? and particularly in winter ?
Hi
What quantity of food allowed per diem when kept
in the ftable ? III.
What kind of herbs are the moft fattening ?
A a IV. What

C 178 ]
IV-
What kind of winter food fattens the cattle the
fboneft ? and what method is to be obferved with fat
tening cattle ? V.
How much time is required to fatten an ox ? and
how much will his weight increafe during that time ?
VI.
What is the average weight ? and price of a lean
ox ? and of a fattened one ?
VII.
How are the milch cows fed that they may yield
good and copious milk ? VIII.
What quantity of food is allowed to a cow per diem
when in the liable ? IX.
What kind of pafture is the moft profitable to
milch cows ? X.
How much is the leaft quantity of milk a cow yields
daily ? what is. the greateft quantity ?

Difeafes.

I 179 ]
Difeafes. 1.
To what kind of diftempers are the milch cows and
oxen moft liable to in this country >
II.
What feems to be the caufes of each of the different
diftempers ? III.
What are their fureft fymptoms i
IV.
How are the faid diftempers prevented ? and how
cured ? V.
What do the hufbandmen obferve to preferve
milch cows ? and oxen in good health i
Propagation. 1.
At what age do the cows begin to breed ?
II.
To what age do they commonly breed ?
III.
For bow many cows does one bull fiiffice ?
A a b IV. In

[ 1?9 J
IV.
In what month are the eows covered by the bull ?
V.
Which is reckoned fo be the beft age for a bull ?
Till what age is the bull permitted fo cover ?
VII.
How are the bulls and cows prepared for generation i
VIH.
What do the farmers obferve with regard to thofe
cows that are pregnant ? IX.
What care dp they take at the time of having young }
X.
What is to be obferved -when the calves are dropt ?
Making qf Butter and Cheefe.
i.
How is the procefs of making butter ?
II.
How is cheefe made i III. What

C 181 ]
III.
What is the price of milk ? butter i and cheefe t
Manner of difpofing of both.
1.
How is butter and cheefe difpofed of? how much
confumed in the country ? how much exported to
each foreign country ? II.
How much duty is paid on butter and cheefe ex
ported i III.
What port is butter and cheefe chiefly exported
from i

SECT.

C 182 j

SECT. VII.
SHEEP.
HiJlorical Inquiries refpeSling the Antiquity ofthe
Breeds of Sheep — Divifion of Sheep with Regard
to their Appearance, to the Finenefs of their
Wool, and Price — Management of Sheep—
Houjing — Food — Folding — Shearing — Wooi —
Profit to the Owner — Difeafes of Sheep — Pro
pagation — Shepherd — Profit to the Country —
Laws concerning Sheep and Wool.

HiJlorical Inquiries refpebling the
Antiquity of the Breeds of Sheep.
I.
VV HAT do the annals of agriculture mention
concerning the antiquity of the breed of the fine
woolled theep in this country ? is this breed peculiar
to the country ? or in what year ? from what country ?
by what accident has it been introduced ? II. What

[ lis 1
n.
What do they further mention concerning the gra
dual refinement of wool? its inland? and foreign trade ?
and other interefting matters concerning theep ?
Divifion qf Sheep, with Regard to their
Appearance, to the Finenefs of their
Wool and Price, I-
How many different forts of theep are there in this
country ? and what difference is there between each
fort in refpect to fize ? height ? colour ? horns ? and
wool ? II.
To how many head does each fort amount ?
III.
What is the loweft price of a theep of each fort ?
what is the higheft ? IV.
In how many claffes is wool divided with regard to
its colour ? V.
In how many with regard to its finenefs ? and
length ? VI. What

E 184 ]
VI.
What is the price of the different claffes of wool On
the fpot ? Management qf Sheep.
1.
In what confifts the management of theep in every
feafon ? II.
In what manner are the different breeds of fbeep
adapted to particular foils ? and to different titrations ?
III.
In what fyftem are the fheep arranged ? are they a
Handing flock ? the profit an annual fale of lambs ?
or is the flock bought in and fold out every year ?
IV.
Do farmers in enclofed countries buy weather
lambs ? ewe lambs ? or old ewes, for the profit of
fattening ? and what are the refpeftive advantages of
each fyftem ? V.
What proportion is there between the number of
fheep, and the number of acres, of a farm in each
fyftem ? VI.
What is the arrangement of the crops of a farm
when the intention is to keep as'many fheep as poffible ?
VII. At

C i85 ]
VII.
At what age do they caftrate the male lambs i
VIII.
Are there perfons famous for their breed of theep ?
who ? and where ? IX.
What author has written on the management of
fheep ? and on wool, with the greateft fuccefs ?
X.
What part of the management of fheep deferves
the particular attention of an inquifitive traveller, as
being perfectly underftood ?

Houfing. I.
In cafe the theep remain in the open air in the cold
feafons, how are they fcreened againft the frofty
weather ? II-
How do the moft intelligent hufbandmen conftruc*
their fheep ftables ? III.
How is the violent heat in the liable tempered,
B b being

[ »86 1
being looked upon as the caufe of innumerable difeafes;
in fheep i IV.
What is obferved to keep the fheep clean, when
they areintheftablei V.
What is obferved concerning the neceffity of fepa-
rating theep affefted with certain diftempers ?
VI.
Are there wolves in the country ? and how are the
fheep fecured againft them, both in the field ? and
in the ftables ? VII.
In what manner are thofe enemies deftroyed, or
reduced in their numbers ? and their ravages made of
lefs confequence to thofe, and other animals, and
cattle in general i VIII.
What influence has the different manner of houfing
iheep upon the finenefs of their wool ?
Food. i.
What provifion of food is made in every month of
the year, for a ftanding lean flock ? and alfo for fat
tening fheep ? II. What

t 187 3
11.
What is the provifion laid in, in the fpring i
III.
What is obferved concerning the good and bad ef
fects of the different manners of feeding fheep, with
regard to the health ofthe animal ? the finenefs of the;
Wool ? the go odnefs of the flefh ? and milk 1
IV.
Of what nature is the land commonly allotted for
grazing ? is it a fat pafture ? or barren hills ? and
downs ? or wet land ? V.
Are not new ploughed land, and dry grounds,
the moft proper for theep ?
VI.
What particular precautions muft be taken with re
gard to fheep, when their pafture ground is wet land i
VII.
Are the fait marfhes profitable or pernicious to
fheep ? VIII.
Which are the favourite herbs of the fheep of thia
country ? B b b IX. What

[ i88 ]
IX.
What is to be obferved concerning feeding fheep
with turnips ? how are they given ? in what quantity?
X.
What quantity of fait is allowed to a herd of one
hundred fheep per annum? and at what time is it
chiefly given to them ? XI.
What kind of fait has been found to do the greateft
good to fheep ? Folding. I.
In what manner do the moft expert farmers keep
the fheep on their arable ground ?
». ii-
Do they fold their fheep according to the land's
being dry or wet i and in what feafons ?
III.
Do they fold them in the field ? or in the houfes ?
IV.
What is to be obferved of either of thofe manners
ef folding fheep ?
V. Do

[ i89 ]
V.
Do they litter the fheep ?
VI.
Is the fold of fheep let per acre ? or per night ?
and at what price ? VII.
Of what wood do they make the hurdles ? in what
manner ? and at what expence ?
VIII.
For what crop do they fold in every feafon ?

Shearing.

How often do they fhear fheep in a year ? and in
what months ? II.
What preparations are made before the fhearing ?
do they wafh them ? III.
Is it ufual to make fheep perfpire before fhearing,
in order to foften their wool ?
IV.
What is to be obferved in fheep fhearing ? V. What

[ *9° ]
V.
What is to be done after fhearing ?
VI.
Into how many forts is the wool of each fieece
divided ? VII.
What is the leaft quantity of wool rams of different
breeds give annually ? which is the greateft quantity ?
VIII.
The fame queftion refpefting an ewe.
IX.
What operations does the wool undergo after its
being thorn off? and what is remarkable concerning
thofe operations ? X.
Is clipping a bufinefs by itfelf ? or done by any
hands upon the farm ? XI.
What is the difference of price between wafhed or
unwarned wool ? XII.
What between the wool of fat and lean fheep 1
XIII. Do

[ i9i 3
XIII.
Do they clip the lambs ? and what difference is
obferved concerning the price of their wool, com
pared to that of ewes and rams i
Wool. i.
What connection is there between the foil and fort?
pf wool ? II.
Between the management of the fheep, fuch as
houfing, folding, driving fheep from one province to
another ? III.
Have ever long and fhort wool fheep been mixed ?
IV.
Has combing wool ever been cut, in order to
render it clothing wool ?
V.
At what length does clothing wool become comb
ing wool ? VI.
What provinces breed the greateft quantity of
theep ? and which part of the country produces the
fineft wool ? VII. How

[ J98 ]
VII.
How is the inland wool trade carried on J is the
wool bought from the proprietors of the flocks ? or
from the merchant ? VIII.
What quantity of wool is worked off annually in
the country ? IX.
In what province and places are the chiefeft woollen
manufactures eftablifhed ? X.
What fort of woollen cloth is made in this country ?
coarfe or fine ? and what forts of woollen ftuffs befides?
which is the loweft ? and the higheft price per yard ?
XI.
. How many pieces are made of each fort ?
XII.
How many pieces of woollen manufactures is the
cpuntry reckoned to confume annually ?
XIII.
Is the art of dying perfeftly underftood in this
pountry ? in what colours do they excel ? and in what
are they inferior to other nations ? XIV. Is

C 193 ]
XIV.
Is the exportation of wool permitted ? upon what
conditions, or under what penalties, is it prohibited ?
XV.
In cafe it is permitted, "hat fort of wool is chiefly
exported ? to what countries ? what quantity of each
annually ? and at what price ?
XVI.
Is the exportation of live fheep permitted ? and
upon what conditions, or under what penalties, is it
prohibited t XVII.
In cafe it is permitted, what fort of fheep are
chiefly exported ? to what countries ? what number
of each fort annually ? and at what price ?
XVIII.
What inland towns carry on the greateft woof
trade? XIX.
From what fea-port is the greateft quantity of wool
exported ? how much on an average ?
XX.
In cafe the exportation of wool and live fheep
was not permitted, from what part of the country is
it moftly fmuggled ? and to what parts i — See Seel. XII.
Smuggling, &c.
C c XXI. How

C »94 3
XXI.
How much does the wool pay at the exportation I
XXII.
What kinds of preffes are in ufe in this country
to pack up wool ? XXIII.
What quantity of fine wool do all the flocks ofthe
country annually afford ? and the value of it ?
XXIV.
What quantity of coarfe wool ? and its value ?
Profit to the Owner.
1.
How are the annual expences and profit of a herd
of one hundred fheep calculated in a common year ?
how much is the expence and profit of each head ?
II.
- At what age do they fell theep for feeding for
butchers ? and at what price ?
III.
What is remarkable concerning the manner of
making clieefe fromtheep's milk? and what profit does
a fheep give annually, with regard to tliofe articles ?
-...-.: TV. To

[ 195 ]
IV.
To what particular ufe are the different parts of
the theep employed ?
„ Difeafes of Sheep.
I.
To what kind of epidemical diftempers are the fheep
moftly liable in this country? II.
What feems to be the caufe of each of the different
difeafes ? III.
In what month do they moftly begin ? and in what
month do they make the greateft havock ?
IV.
What are the fureft fymptoms of the moft dan
gerous ones. V.
How are they prevented ? how cured ?
VI.
What remedies have the fhepherds of this country
againft the rot ? the dropfy ? the vertigo ? the fcab ?
the phthyfic ? the jaundice ? the nofe-worms ? the
worms of the liver ? foot of rot ? the red water ? the
blood ? the itch ? C c 2 VII. What

[ 196 ]
vn.
What do the fhepherds obferve in order to preferve
fheep in health ?
Propagation of Sheep.
I
What is remarkable concerning the propagation of
fheep in this country? in what months are the ewes
covered ? II.
How are the rams and ewes prepared for propa
gation ? and wiih what kinds of phyfic are their
bowels cleaned ? III.
What management is neceffary with regard to
ewes, at the time of the birtli of the young ones I
and after ? IV.
How many ewes are covered by one ram »
V.
How are the pregnant ewes taken care of?
VI.
What is the ufual number of their young ? VII. At

t 197 J
VII.
At what age do the fheep begin to breed ? and till
what age will they breed advantageoufly ?
VIII.
By what figns do the fhepherds know the beft
breeders ? IX.
What do the fhepherds obferve to improve the
breed of fheep ? X.
Do foreign finer woolled theep degenerate in this
country ? and in what generation ?
XI.
What feems to be the reafon of it ?
XII.
What means have been tried to prevent the dege
neration of foreign finer woolled fheep ? and what
was the confequence of it ?
XIII.
From what countries have rams and ewes been
imported ? from Spain ? from Barbary ?
XIV.
Does government encourage the importation of
foreign fine woolled fheep ? and how ? XV. Is

[ »9* 3
XV.
Is a certain number annually imported ? how many
on an average ? XVI.
What opinion have the intelligent fhepherds con
cerning the caufes of the different textures and finenefs
of wool ?

Shepherd.

i.

How many fheep does a fhepherd take care of ?
what affiftance has he ? and at what time ?
II.
Has the fhepherd a part in the flock, in order to
add to his care ? III.
What is their ufual pay ?
IV.
Is there any thing particular in the breed or ma
nagement of fhepherds dogs ?
Profit to the Country.
i.
How many people find their fubfiftence annually
by keeping and taking care of fheep ? by felling and
manufacturing wool ? by felling woollen ftuffs ? &c.
II. How

[ 199 ]
II.
How much is each fheep reckoned to pay annually
to the ftate ? and how much is the produce of wool to
the fame ? III.
To how much do the duties on wool and woollen
manufaftures annually amount ?
Laws concerning Sheep and Wool.
i.
What kind of ufeful laws are there with regard to
the management of fheep ? the wool ? the fale of
it ? Sec. Sec.

SECT.

[ aoo J

SECT. VIII.

WOODS.
Timber — Fuel — Tar — Pitch — Tupentine — Pot-
AJb — Refin — Fruit Trees.

Timber. i.
J. N what provinces are the moft confiderable woods?
See Geography. II.
What fort of timber trees are produced in this
country ? III.
Does this country produce a fufficient quantity of
timber for building ? carpentery ? joinery ? turnery ?
&c. or from what countries is it fupplied ?
IV.
What wife regulations have been made by the go
vernment for preferving the forefts ? V. What

[ 201 ]
v.
What are the different methods of planting timber
trees ? VI.
Which is the beft ? and how does experience
fhow it i VII.
Is the planting of young timber trees encouraged ?
and how are people obliged to attend to their growth
by government ? VIII.
What is the common price of timber of the dif
ferent forts > IX.
What laws are there to prevent the wafting of tim
ber in building ? X.
What do the people obferve with regard to the fel
ling of timber ? XI.
What time is deemed to be the moft proper for that
operation ? XII.
Is the method of rooting out a timber tree, inftead
of cutting it down, praftifed in this country ? and how
is the machine for that purpofe conftrufted t
XIII.
How many hands ? and how much time employed
to that ufeful operation ?
D d XIV. Which

[ 202 ]
XIV.
• Which is looked upon as the beft method for fea-
foning timber ?
XV.
Which method of preferving timber is moftly
approved ? Xvi.
How is timber-wood tranfported in the eafieft man
ner ? how are the carts eonftrufted ? of what dimen-
fions are the wheels ? and body ? what load can
be tranfported upon them ?
XVII.
Which is the moft profitable tree ? and why fo ?

Fuel. I.
What kind of fuel is ufed in this country for the
different purpofes ? II.
What is the price of the different forts ?
III.
What kind of ingenious furnaces ? ovens ? &c. are
in ufe, to enable the people to fave fuel ? IV. Are

[ 203 )
IV.
Are there coal mines in this country ? and in what
provinces ? V.
Whom do they moftly belong to ?
VI.
How many chaldrons are annually confumed ? and
at what price ?
vn.
How many chaldrons annually exported? how
many to each country ?
Tar. i.
Is tar made in the woods of this country ? and which
manner of making it is the beft ?
II.
What is the common price of tar ?
III.
What quantity is reckoned to be made of it in the
whole country ? •>
IV.
Hpw much confumed ? where is the reft exported ?
how much to each country ?
P4b V. To

I 204 ]
V.
To what purpofes do the natives employ tar with
refpeft to phyfic ?
The fame queftjons may be made with regard to
Pitch, Turpentine, and Pot-Afk, &c.
Refin. I.
At what age do they tap the tree ?
II.
At what height from the ground ? do they vary in
the height ? III.
What quantity ? and what value does a tree give
annually ? IV.
How long does it continue to give refin ?
V.
When cut down, what difference concerning the
ufe ? and value of the timber of a tree tapt ? or not
tapt ? VI.
In what manner do they renew their plantations ?
VII. Have

C 205 ]
VII.
Have they any rule to leave the trees thick or thin,
with a view to this operation ?
Fruit Trees.
i.
What kind of fruit trees does this country produce ?
II.
Which fruit-tree proves the moft profitable of all i
why fo ? III.
How does government encourage the planting of
fruit-trees ? or how are the people obliged to it i
IV.
How do the moft intelligent gardeners prepare the
ground for planting the different forts of fruit-trees ?
V.
How is each fort of fruit-trees prepared for planting ?
VI.
What is to be obferved by fixing each fort in the *
ground ? VII.
How deep muft each fort be placed refpeftively,
according to the nature of the foil ? VIII. What

[ 2©6 ]
VIII.
What circumftances befides the abovementioned,
are to be carefully obferved at the planting of each
different fort of fruit-trees ?
IX.
What feafon is the moft proper for planting of the
different forts of fruit-trees ?
X.
What forts of fruit are dried in order to preferve
them ? and what is to be obferved concerning that
procefs ? XI.
Are thofe dried fruits exported ? to what countries
chiefly ? how much to each country of each kind ?
XII.
Wljat is the common price of thofe dried fruits ?
XIII.
What is to be obferved concerning the beft manner
of packing up thofe dried fruits ? and the moft ap
proved method of bringing them to market or fale ?

SECT,

[ 2<>7 ]

SECT. IX.
MINES.
Hifiorical Inquiries refpeBing Mines — Prefent
State of the Mines — Principal Operations in
Mining — Progrefs of the Art of Mines —
Miners — Laws and Regulations in Favour of
Mines.

Hifiorical Inquiries refpetfing Mines.

VV HAT do the annals of this country mention
concerning the different forts of mines worked by
the ancient inhabitants of this country ? in what
time have the different mines been difcovered ? by
what means ? what is remarkable concerning their
former richnefs ? and manner of working them ?
II.
Which are the moft remarkable epochs in the
hiftory of mines ? and how has mineralogy ? and me
tallurgy fucceffively been perfeclioned ? Prefent

[ 208 ]
Prefent State of the Mines.

What kind of mines are worked in the prefent
time ? in what provinces ? and near what places are
they fituated ? II.
Which of the faid mines belong to the crown ?
and whofe are the others ? III.
Are the crown mines worked at the fovereign's
expence ? or by mine adventurers ?
IV.
In cafe the mines are worked at the expence of
the crown, to how much can the expences annually
amount in each mine ? and to what fum amounts the
profit of each on an average ?
V.
In cafe the mines are worked by mine adventurers,
upon what conditions has the permiffion of working
the mines been granted to them ? for how many
years ? and what do they pay per annum ?
VI.
How much are the mine adventurers reckoned to
gain annually ? VII. Are

[ 2°9 J
VII.
Are the mine adventurers natives? or from what
country are they ? and what are their names ?
VIII.
Which mines are in an increaling ftate i
IX.
Which in a decreafing ftate ?
X.
What quantity of each metal ? and mineral is rec
koned to be dug out every year ?
XI.
How much of each metal ? and mineral has been
dug out annually thefe ten ? twenty ? fifty years ?
XII.
How much of each of the faid inland metals ? and
minerals is confumed annually in the country ?
XIII.
To what countries is the reft exported ? how much
to each ? and at what price ?
XIV.
What metals and minerals muft be imported from
foreign parts ? from which ? what quantity from each
on an average ? and at what price i
E e XV. By

C 2«> 3
xv.
,; ?By what means does government facilitate the fale
of the inland metals ? and minerals ?— For the reft,
fee Mint, under Inland and Foreign Trade.
Principal Operations in Mining.
i.
What methods of difcovering mines are the moft
approved by the miners of this country ?
"•
How do the miners explore whether the places
where mines are found are healthy ? or poifonous ?
III.
How do the miners dig the ore ?
How do they wafh or prepare the different ores, as
they come rough from the mine,- for the working by
fire ? V.
• How are the metals fmelted from the ore ? how are
the fmeltbg furnaces eonftrufted i what dimenfidns
have they ? and how is the fire proportioned accord
ing to the different ores ?

VI. How

[ "1 ]
VI.
How are the different ores purified? and difpofed
in a pure and malleable metal ?
Progrefs of the Art of Mines,
i.
What remarkable difcoveries has this nation made
in the different branches of natural philofophy ? mine
ralogy ? metallurgy ? chemiftry ? and in thofe arts and
fciences that are made ufe of in mines ?
II.
Which are the moft ufeful machines ? fire and
water-engines ? tools and contrivances at large with
regard to mines that are ftill unknown ? or very little
known in foreign countries ?
Hit
Wherein does their utility confift? and where are
models of them to be had ?
IV.
Are there fchools erefted for teaching young people
the art of mining ? where are they f
V.
How is the plan of their theorical ? and practical
inftruftion conceived ? Eci VI. Are

[ 212 ]
VI.
Are they inftrufted at the expence of the court ?
and afterwards fent abroad to vifit foreign mines ? or
do they get information in the fchool at their own
expence i Miners. i.
To what number do all the miners and people be-
longing to the mines amount ? — See Population.
II.
Are the miners generally fkilful in their art ? and
in what operations are they faid to excel?
III.'
What are the daily wages of a miner >
IV.
What privileges do miners in this country enjoy ?
are they free from military fervices ?
Laws and Regulations in Favour of Mines.
I.
What remarkable laws and regulations have been
made in favour of mines ?II.
How are the owners of great capitals encouraged
to work mines I or take fhares in mines ?
SECT.

[ 2i3 ]

SECT. X.

MANUFACTURES.
General Inquiries into the prefent State of Manu
factures — Their Extent — Labour— Obflruclions
to the Progrefs of ManufaBures — Encourage-
ments to the fame — Public and Private Advan
tages of Ditto — Foreign ManufaBures — Edu
cation of the ManufaBurer — His CharaBer.

General Inquiries into the prefent State
of ManufaBures. i.
W HAT kind of manufaftures are there in this
country ? II.
What quantity of goods are manufactured annually
in each branch ? and to what value ? III. How

C *14 J
III.
Bow many manufaftures are there in each branch ?
and what are the names of the places where they
are eftablifhed i IV.
Which of thefe manufaftures are ftill in their in
fancy ? and why lb i ~ V.
Which have obtained the greateft perfection ? and
from what caufe ? VI.
Are any manufaftures declining ? which ? and what
is the caufe of it ? VII.
Are any under or belonging to the fovereign ? or to
the nobility J which ? and in what ftate are they ? or
do they belong to merchants and profeffed manufac
turers ? VIII.
What kinds of manufaftures are chiefly carried on
by foreigners ? and of what country are they ?
IX.
What manufaftures of this country are fuperior
to all foreign ones of the fame kind ? and how did
they reach that perfection ? X. In

I 215 3
x.
In what kinds of manufaftures is this country out
done by foreigners? and why cannot the manufafturers
perfeft their workmanfhip to equal thofe in foreign
parts ? XI,
What kind of manufaftures are the moft important
to t})is nation ? and why fo ?
XII.
In what kind of manufaftures is the greateft num
ber of women ? and children employed ?
XIII.
What kinds of manufaftures are moft generally ufed
in this country ? and what care does government take
jn eftablifhing them in a fufficient number ?
XIV.
What kind of manufaftures are thefe, whereof the
raw materials are to be found in the country ? and
are they eftablifhed in this country in preference to
thofe, of which the raw materials are brought from
foreign parts ?
XV.
What kind of manufaftures are made of materials
that are imported from abroad ? are they chiefly for
home confumption ? or foreign markets ?
XVI. Which

C 216 ]
XVI.
Which are thofe kind of manufaftures, which if
bought in foreign countries, would coft the nation the
greateft deal of money ? and how much money would
the country be obliged to pay for them to foreigners,
if they were not manufactured at home ?
XVII.
What manufaftures feem to be the moft analogous
to the tafte, genius, and charafter of the nation ?
and why ? and does the government encourage the
eftablifhmcnt of them in preference to others, to
which the natives feem to be lefs adapted ?
XVIII.
What kinds of manufaftures have the greateft fale
in foreign countries ? and to how much may it amount
of each in particular ? XIX.
What kinds of manufaftures are chiefly made for
home confumption ? and what feems to hinder tlieir
, exports to foreign parts ?
XX. .
What kind of manufaftures thrive more in capital
cities than elfewhere ? and why ?

XXI. Which

[ 217 ]
XXI.
Which in country towns ? and what is the reafon,
of it ? XXII.
What kind of manufaftures are carried on in edi
fices built on purpofe for houfing the working people,
and collefting them together ? and which are carried
on in the manufacturer's own habitation ?
XXIII.
Which method is preferable ? in what cafes ? with
what kind of manufaftures ? and why ?
XXIV.
What kind of manufaftures are there for the pea
fants, in order to employ their leifure hours ufefully,
particularly in the winter-feafon ? what care does
government take to extend thofe kind of manufac
tures all over the country, by encouragements and
wife regulations ?
XXV.
What kind of manufaftures are carried on chiefly
by the labour of the poor in work-houfes ? which em
ployments are for women ? for children ? for difabled
men, who can work but Httle ? and what is chiefly
worthy of notice concerning thofe eftablifliments .—
See Charitable Institutions.

F f XXVI. What

[ 218 ]
XXVI.
What kind of manual employment is there for poor
houfe-keepers ? and poor widows, who are afhamed to
beg, and do not choofe to be feen in public work-
houfes ? which manual employment is the moft pro
fitable, the moft eafy, and capable of fupplying a poor
family all the year round with labour? how much
can be earned at moft in one day by one perfon ? — See
Charitable Institutions.
Extent of ManufaBures. i.
What is the annual quantity ? and value of goods
manufactured by each kind of manufaftures for home
confumption ? II.
What for exportation ? III.
How many hands are employed in each of every
kind of manufaftures ? IV.
Which kind of manufaftures have formerly exifted
in this country, and are no more ? and why have
they been abolifhed ? V.
How could they be revived again ? VI. Of

t 219 J
VI.
Of what extent have the manufaftures been thefe
five ? ten ? or twenty years ?
VII.
Which are the moft ufeful laws and praftices con
cerning the eftablifhment of manufaftures ? the man
ner of perfecting ? and preferving them from decay ?
and which of them are applicable to foreign countries ?
Labour. I.
Is it permitted to every journeyman to afk what
wages he pleafes ? or are the wages of artificers and
labourers fixed by the magiftrate ? how often ? and
in what manner ? II.
How much per cent, have the wages of the artificers
and labourers been increafed thefe five ? ten ? or
twenty years ? and what effefts has this increafe
produced i III.
Is it permitted to give more wages, than which are
fixed ? or under what penalty forbidden ? *
IV.
Do not the corporation laws give a great obftruc-
tion to the free circulation of labour ? and by what
means ? F f a V. Can

[ 220 ]
V.
Can a poor artificer fettle and exercife his induftry
wherever he pleafes? VI.
How many hours do the manufafturers labour daily
in this country ? and does it vary with the feafon ?
VII.
Has luxury increafed of late among the labouring
part of the nation ? or are they content with the fame
they were ufed to twenty years ago ? and if not, has
not this contributed to raife the price of labour?
VIII.
To how much land does the labour of a working
man correfpond in this country ? or in other words :
the produce of how many acres does he confume ?
IX.
What are the loweft ? middling ? higheft journey
man's wages a day on an average all over the country ?
X.
What of a working woman ?
XI.
What of a labouring child ? XII. What

[ 221 3
XII.
What way are women and children employed all
the year round in this country generally ?
ObflruBions to the Progrefs of
ManufaBures. i.
Are the neceffaries of life very cheap ? or what is
the reafon of their being dear ?
II.
Are the neceffaries of life rendered dear by heavy
taxes and municipal impofts ? how much are they on
the different articles, for inftance, on bread ? on
meat ? on wine ? Sec. III.
What enhances the labour? and by what means
could it be rendered cheap ?
VI.
Is the intereft of money high ? and for what reafon ?
V.
Are the raw materials for manufaftures dear ? and
why are they fo ? VI. Are

[ 222 ]
VI.
Are the manufaftures eftablifhed in fuch places,
where the firft materials are at hand ? and the ex
pences of their tranfport but trifling ?
VII.
Are the manufafturers of this country fufficiently
qualified in their line ? VIII.
Are there not fairs and markets eftablifhed at pro
per times for the benefit ofthe manufafturer ? and at
what time of the year are the moft celebrated fairs
held? IX.
Is the ftation of a manufafturer in good eftimation ?

Does the manufafturer obferve holidays ? how
many holidays are ordered by government ? or are
any eftablifhed by cuftom ?
XI.
What is the annual lofs to the nation by not work
ing on thofe days ? XII.
Is the number of the clergy prefumed difpropor-
tioned to the fubjefts of this ftate ? and the ftate
injured thereby ? XIII. Does

[ 223 1
XIII.
Does the number of men wanted for military pur
pofes, caufe a want of labourers in manufaftures ?
XIV.
Are the rich in the habit of retaining more livery
fervants than are really ufeful, and the ftate deprived
of their labour ?
XV.
Are there not many ways of fubfifting without
working very hard ? which are they chiefly ? and are
not a great many ufelefs employments and fuperfluous
places, highly detrimental to manufaftures, tolerated?
XVI.
Does not government grant a great many hurtful
privileges and exclufive monopolies, which greatly
leffen the confumption of manufaftures ?
XVII.
Is not the time of apprenticefhip too long and dif-
couraging to young people to learn trades? of how
many years is it commonly ?
XVIII.
What has hitherto hindered the further progrefs of
manufaftures in this country ?

Encouragements.

[ 224 3
Encouragements to ManufaBures.
i.
In what manner does the government of this coun
try encourage manufaftures in their infant ftate ?
II.
How does government countenance thofe that have
reached already their utmoft perfeftion ?
III.
How are thofe that feem to decreafe, preferved
from decay ? IV.
How are manufafturers encouraged to the difcovery
of-new branches- of commerce ?
V.
Are there laws to prevent the lower orders from
gaming and diffipation ? VI.
Are there ingenious machines, looms, and valuable
contrivances for faving labour and wages ? what kind
of manufaftures are chiefly provided with thofe ufeful
machines ? VII.
Are there fome public inflitutions or patriotic fo
cieties, for the encouragement of ufeful arts, manu
faftures,

C 225 ]
faftures, induftry, and commerce ? where are they
eftablifhed ? what kind of manufaftures have chiefly
been encouraged by them ? and how ? and what
were the good effefts of thofe encouragements ?
VIII.
Does government fend to foreign parts for able
manufafturers, and fix them in the country by pen-
fions and good treatment ? and how far has this
practice contributed towards the eftablifhing of new
manufactures, and perfefting the old ones ?
IX.
Does not government aft fometimes perfidioufly
with them, by endeavouring to learn their fecrets,
and abandoning them afterwards ?
X.
Are foreign manufaftures forbidden, or permitted
to be imported by paying high duties ? how much on
an average ? XI.
Are exclufive privileges given to manufafturers,
who have difcovered a new manufacture, or perfected
an o}d one ? and for how many years ? •

G g Public

[ 226 ]
Public and Private Advantages of
ManufaBures. i.
What advantageous difference is obferved with
regard to morals ? population ? and wealth ? between
places where there are thriving manufaftures, and
others where there is no iuduftry ?
II.
How much render the manufaftures annually to
the ftate ? and how much each kind of manufacture
in particular ? III.
What are the peculiar advantages of fuch gentle
men's eftates, that have a manufaftory upon them ?
IV.
What part of the manufacturer's wages is confumed
upon the fpot ? V.
What advantages does the farmer reap from the
manufafturer in the neighbourhood ? and vice verfa ?
Foreign ManufaBures. I.
What kind of manufactured goods are chiefly in
troduced into this country i where from ? their quan
tity ? and value ? II. How •

t 227 ]
II.
How many families of natives might have fubfifted
by manufacturing thofe foreign goods, which are an
nually imported, fubftrafting a proportionable part
from the coft of the goods for labour, and allowing
about /"50 fterling for the maintenance of a manufac-'
turer's family ?
Education of the ManufaBurer.
1.
In what manner are children brought up to manu
faftures ? inftrufted in drawing ? mechanics ? che-
miftry ? 'and what is particularly remarkable in this
plan of education applicable to other countries ?
II.
How long does apprenticefhip laft ? and how is ihe
apprentice's fkill tried, before he is permitted to work
for wages ? III.
Is it not ufual for fome manufafturers and artificers
to travel after their apprenticefhip, in order to im
prove themfelves by examining the manners of work
ing, and tafte of other nations ? what countries do they
chiefly vifit ? and how long lafts their abfence ?
IV.
What formalities are ufual for an apprentice, or
journeyman, to become a mafter manufafturer ? is
G g a he

[ 228 ]
he abfolutely obliged to become a member of the
corporation ? V.
What kind of regulations and corporation-laws are
there with regard to the manufafturers and mechanics
of this country ?
CharaBer of the ManufaBurer.
i.
Have the manufafturers of this country the gift of
invention ? or do they know how to imitate exaftly,
and even to perfeftion, the inventions of other
countries ? II.
Is drawing, and a knowledge of mechanical and
manufaftural arts, very common among manu
fafturers ? III.
Do the manufafturers of this country adhere too
tenacioufly to one and the fame form of fabrics ? or
do they endeavour to comply with the different taftes
of their cuftomers ? IV.
What is the general charafter of the manufafturers
and artificers ?

SECT.

[ 229 1

SECT. XI.

QUESTIONS APPLICABLE TO EVERY
MANUFACTORY.
Eflablifhment of the ManufaBory — Work —
Workmen — Machines — Sale of the Produce —
Expence and Profit — Mifcellaneous §>uejlions.

Eflablifhment of the ManufaBory.
i.
JL N what year has the manufaftory been eftablifhed ?
and at what expence ? II.
Whom does it belong to ?
Work. I.
Which are the different articles manufaftured here?
how much of each kind annually ? and how mnch is
the value of it ? II. Where

i 236 i
ir.
Where do the raw materials for this manufactory
come from ? arc they loaded with heavy duties ? and
what ? III.
' In cafe the raw materials come from abroad, what
care does the government take to prevent impofitions
refpefting the import thereof ?
IV.
How are the refpeftive materials prepared ? work
ed ? and properly finifhed ?
V.
How many holidays are obferved in the year ? and
how many hours do the people work a day ?
VI.
Is the work judicioufly diftributed, and the diffi
culty of it proportioned to the ftrength, ability, and
fex of the labouring perfon ?
VII.
Is the time fo well divided, as to employ even-
moment of it ufefully ? VIII.
Is this manufactory in poffeflion of any valuable
fecret ? and what good effeft is produced by it ?
Workmen,

I 231 ]
Workmen. 1.
How many mafter manufafturers ? journeymen ?
and apprentices, are employed in this manufaftory ?
II.
How much does each of them earn per day ? or
per piece ? III.
How many women ? how many boys ? and little'
children are at work ? and how much do they get a
day ? or per piece ? IV.
What part of the manufacturer's wages is con
fumed on the fpot ? V.
Are labouring foreigners employed in this manu
faftory ? how many ? and what countries do they
come from ? VI.
What difeafes attack the workmen of this kind of
manufaftory ? how are they prevented ? how cured ?
Machines. 1.
How many looms, or hammers, according to the
bufinefs, are there continually at work ? II. What

[ *32 3
II.
What kind of ingenious contrivances, and ufeful
machines are there in this manufactory for faving
time ? and labour ? to what ufe are they ? how much
did they coft ? III.
How much is the annual expence of keeping them
in good order ? how much do they render the pro
prietor a day ? and what is faved by them ?
IV.
Are they a fecret? or publicly known ? where are
accurate plans, or models of them ? and a defcription
of their ufe, &c. &c. to be had ?
Sale of the Produce.
i.
Is the produce of this manufaftory, of fmall or
extenfive ufe in this country ? or does it depend on
its export trade chiefly ? and which is the principal
market for the goods manufaftured here ?
II.
What quantity of goods ? and of what value does
this manufaftory produce annually for home con
fumption ? III.
What quantity ? and what value for the colonies ?
IV. What

C 233 ]
IV.
What quantity ? and what value for each of the
foreign countries ? V.
Which is the chief fea-port for embarking thofe
manufaftures ? VI.
Is the produce of this manufactory fold for ready
money ? or a long ? or fhort credit ?
Expence and Profit.
i.
How much money is required for the whole under.;
taking ? how much are the expences of the manu
factory ? II.
How much the annual profit ? how much per cent.
renders the manufaftory ? III.
How much has that eftablilhment increafed ? or
decreafed thefe laft five ? or ten years ? and why?
IV.
How is the manufactory fupported ? or how its pro
grefs obftrufted ? H h Mifccllaneous

[ z34 3
Mifcellaneous ^ueflions.
i.
How many manufaftures of this kind are there in
this country ? in what places ? and in what ftate are
they ? II.
Which of them have been eftablifhed by foreigners?
of what nation are they ? and what are their names ?
III.
Is the importation of foreign goods of the fame
kind, as thofe that are manufactured here, prohi
bited, or permitted ? and in the latter cafe, how much
per cent, duty is paid ? IV.
How does government prevent the inland fale and
exportation of badly or fraudulently made articles ?

How many people may be reckoned to live upon
the fquare league, whereupon the manufactory is
fituated ?

N. B. For the preparation for infpefting manufac
tures, fee Seftion II. page 30, and Section III.
page 4°»4'-
SECT.

Z 235 ]
SECT. XII.
INLAND and FOREIGN TRADE.
Inland Trade — Corn Trade — Carrying Trade — Commiffton
Trade  Slave Trade  Exportation — Importation-—
Commercial Balance— Political Balance — Trading Com
panies — Monopolies — Mint — Money — Ideal, and Paper
Money — Exportation of Money — Exchange — Bank —
Annuities — Infurances of Lives — Obfiacles to Commerce —
Regulations for promoting Commerce — Offences againfl
Public Trade — Smuggling — Bankruptcy-— Ufury—
Cheating — Foreflalling and Regrating — Engrafting and
Monopolizing — Seducing Artifts, and tranfporting Tools
— RefiriBions of unfkilful Artificers — Situation of the
Country with Regard to Commerce — Cuftoms and Duties
—Treaties of Commerce and Navigation with different
Powers, and particularly with the Pyratical States of
Barbary — Annual Commercial Produce — Merchants.

Inland Trade.

JL S the inland trade confiderable ? and in what does
it chiefly confift ? II.
Is the intercourfe between the provinces made eafy
by good roads ? navigable rivers and canals? or what
is ftill wanting in that refpeft ?
Hhe III. Is

[ 236 3
III.
Is the trade chiefly carried on by money ? or by
barter ? IV-
Are there fairs and markets inftituted for the con
venience of the inland trade i and what is to be ob
ferved concerning them? V.
What is the charge per hundred weight of goods in
general, by land carriage ? or water carriage for a
given diftance ? and with what difpatch ?
VI.
Is the inland as well as coafting trade entirely free ?
and may the merchandizes be tranfported from one
province to the other, witliout permit or examination
of the officers of the revenue ?
VII.
Do the tolls for the maintenance of all the high roads
belong to the prince ? or to private perfons ? and to
what fum do thofe tolls annually amount ?
VIII.
What fum is the inland trade annually valued at ?
IX.
How much may it render to the ftate per annum ?—
for the reft, fee Inland Navigation. Corn

C 237 ]
Corn Trade.
1.
Is the trade in corn free for all ? or under what
reftriftions ? II.
Is the exportation of corn always permitted ? or
under what limitations ? III.
How does government encourage the corn trade ?
does it grant premiums on the exportation ? and
Jiow much per cent. ? IV.
Is it neceffary to have a permiffion for tranfporting
corn from one province into another ? or otherwife ?
V.
Is it permitted to buy corn while green, or before
the harveft ? VI.
What is the average price of all the different forts
of corn ? and how is the price regulated all over the
country ? , t
VII.
What were the prices ten ? twenty ? and thirty years
ago ? and what is the reafon of the difference ?

VIII. How

[ 238 3
VIII.
How much corn' of all forts is annually exported
on an average ? IX.
What quantity was exported thefe laft ten ? twenty ?
and thirty years ? and what is the reafon of the greater
or lefler exportation ? X.
Is no foreign corn imported for re-exportation ?
how much a year on an average ? at what price ?
where from ? and to what countries is it exported ?
XI.
Is it always permitted to import corn in order to
export it again ? and how much duty is paid ?
XII.
What are commonly the reafons of a fcarcity of
corn in this country ? XIII.
How does government prevent the fcarcity of corn
as much as it lays in its power ?
XIV.
What .meafures does government take to provide
for the people in a time of fcarcity of corn ? XV. Is

[ 239 3
XV,
Is the importation of corn at all times permitted ?
under what reftriftions ? XVI.
What are the regulations concerning the corn trade
worthy of being imitated by other nations ? — For the
reft, fee Agriculture,

Carrying Trade.

What goods are imported into this country chiefly
for re-exportation ? what quantity ? and value ?
II.
Whence imported ? and to what places chiefly ex
ported ?

Commijfion Trade

i.
Of the goods which this country receives froiv.
abroad, what proportion is fuppofcd to be fold for
the foreign merchants accounts ? %
II.
What is fuppofed to be the annual profit to thi;,
country by the confighments of fuch goods ? Slave

[ 240 ]
Slave Trade.
i.
Is this country in want of negroes for the ufe of its
colonies ? how many are required annually ?
II.
How are fupplies procured ?
III.
What countries furnifh them ?
IV.
What are thofe commodities for which flaves are
commonly bartered ? and what proportion obferved
between the value of flaves and goods ? or is money
the medium ? Exportation, i.
What kind of corn, fruits, &c. are exported annu
ally to each foreign country ? in wllat quantity ? and
to what value ? II.
What kind of unmanufactured materials? in what
quantity ? and to what amount ? III. What

C 24* 3
m.
What kind of manufaftured goods ? in what quan
tity ? and to what value ? IV.
How has the exportation of thefe three different
kinds of goods been for thefe five ? ten ? and twenty
years i

Importation.

1.
What kind of corn, fruits, &c. are imported annu
ally from each foreign country ? in what quantity ?
and to what value ? II.
What kind of unmanufactured materials? in what
quantity ? and to what value ?
III.
What kind of manufactured goods ? in what quan
tity ? and to what value ? IV.
How has the importation of thefe three different
kinds of goods been for thefe five ? ten ? and twenty
years ? 1 1 Commercial

[ 242 3
Commercial Balance.
i.
How much gains or lofes the nation by balancing
the exports and imports with each country feparately ?
II.
What gain or lofs is there in balancing the exports
and imports with all the foreign countries together?
III.
How did the general balance ftand thefe five ? ten ?
and twenty years paft ? IV.
What methods are purfued in computing the ba
lance of foreign trade ? is it by taking an account of
the cuftom-houfe books of exports ? or imports ? or
from the value of the goods that are fold ?
V.
Is there any dependence on the certainty of the
entries ? and what fyftem is adopted to make an efti-
mate of the value of the goods exported ?
VI.
What docs the courfe of exchange prove concern
ing the gain or lofs of this nation with other coun
tries ? Political

[ 243 3
Political Balance.
i.
Is the balance paid entirely in ready money ? or
partly in ready money? entirely with materials for-
manufactures ? or partly ? entirely with manufaftures ?
or partly ? entirely with produce ? or partly ? or in
what other manner ?
Trading Companies. i.
What kind of trading companies are there in this
country ? II.
In what reign have the refpeftive companies been
eftablifhed ? and what was the reafon of their foun
dation ? III.
What privileges has each company ? and for how
many years has the charter been given ?
IV.
Which company trades by a joint ftock ? and which
under a government ? and regulation ?
V.
How much is the fund of thofe companies which
carry on trade by a joint ftock ?
I i » VI. In

C 244 3
VI.
In how many fhares is this capital divided ? and of
what fum is each fhare ? VII.
How many fhares muft a member have to be qua
lified to become a direftor ? and what other qualifi
cations are neceffary? VIII.
What entitles a member to a vote ?
IX.
Is the fovereign alfo concerned in thofe companies ?
and for what fum ? X.
What part does the nobility take in the trading
companies ? XI.
What are the conditions ? and the charges of ad-
miffion ? XII.
What are the chief exports of each company ? their
quantity ? and value i XIII.
What are the chief imports of each ? their quan
tity ? and value ? XIV. How

[ MS 3
XIV.
How many mips ? and what tonnage are employed
annually by each company ?
XV.
How many failors and individuals in general, are
maintained by the trade of each company ?
XVI.
Does the trade of the refpeftive companies increafe
or diminifh ? XVII.
How are their exports and imports in comparifon of
what they have been thefe five ? ten ? and twenty
years paft ? XVIII.
Are the flocks of the companies liable to rife or
fall ? how are they at prefent ? how much per cent.
did they ever rife or fall above or under par ?
XIX.
How much per cent, annual profit is divided among
the members of each company ?
XX.
How much does each company annually gain on an
average ? XXI.
Is the exportation and importation of each company
limited to a certain fea-port ? to which for each com
pany ?

C 246 ]
pany ? or is every company allowed to export of*
import by any fea-port whatfover in the kingdom ?
XXII.
Can the goods be imported in any fhip whatfover ?
or only in a fhip belonging to the company ?
XXIII.
Which are the fettlements in foreign parts belong
ing to each trading company ?
XXIV.
Do they produce any revenue i
XXV.
How are they governed ?
XXVI.
What are the expences of keeping thofe eftablifli
ments ? and how are they fecured ? and guarded ?
XXVII.
How is each trading company governed ? by how
many direftors ? how long do they continue in office ?
and what is the falary of a direftor ?
XXVIII.
Is the exclufive privilege granted to thefe com
panies, injurious to the country at large ? XXIX. Are

[ 247 3
XXIX.
Are foreigners eftablifhed in the country, admitted
into thofe companies ? upon what conditions ?
XXX.
Wliat connexion lias each of the trading companies
with the native country of the traveller ?

Monopolies.

I.
Has the fovereign referved any monopolies for him
felf ? what are they ? how much annual profit do they
yield ? II.
Are monopolies alfo granted to private people ?
which ? for how many years ? to whom ? upon wliat
conditions ? how much do they render annually ?
Mint. I.
Where do the refpeftive metals employed for coin
ing money come from ? II.
In what form ? in ingots ? in bars ? in dull ? or in
fpecie ? III. What

[ 248 ]
III.
What is the proportion of gold to filver l
IV.
What kind of real money is there in gold ? filver I
and copper ? V.
Of what finenefs is the gold coin ? and the filver
coin ? and the ftandard of each ?
VI.
How much money of each metal is coined every
year ? VII.
What profit accrues to government by the coinage?
VIII.
Does the nation carry on a confiderable trade in
bullion ? or is bullion once imported, prohibited to
be exported ?
IX.
Is foreign money current in this country ?
X.
Is melting down" national coin permitted I or how
is it punifhed ? XI.
Is counterfeiting money common ? how are the
criminals punifhed, if convicted ? XII. Is

[ 249 3
XII.
Is it ufual to coin money for other nations? for
which ? what fort ? what quantity }
XIII.
What fort of machines are employed in the mint
for the different operations ?
XIV.
What fums of money have been annually coined,
ten ? twenty ? fifty ? and one hundred years ago ?
XV.
What regulations concerning the mint and coinage
of money, are worthy of particular notice by other
nations ?

Money.

What is the.amount-of the whole money tranfaftion
in the kingdom ? II.
To what fum does the real money amount in this
country ? III.
By what means is the circulation of money
increafed ? Kk IV. By

C 2-e.o ]
IV.
By what means diminifhedi as by the fovereign's
accumulating treafures ? or by the great . number of
people, who poffefs capitals, which are very little em
ployed ? or otherwife ?
Ideal and Paper-Money. I.
What kind of ideal money has been imagined ?
and how much money does it exprefs ?
II.
How are accounts kept ? viz. in what money ?
III.
What kind of paper-money is there in this country ?
and of what nature is each fort ?
IV.
To what fum does each kind amount ?
V.
Is this paper- money negotiable in foreign parts at
par, or at difcount ?

Exportation

TABLE of EXCHANGES.

Par.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May.

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

oa.

Nov.

Dec.

Average of
the Year.

Amfterdam.

' 

Rotterdam.
1
Hamburgh.

"
Altona.
|
Paris.

Bourdeaux.
'
Cadiz.
' 
Madrid.Bilboa.

 •

 ,
_____

Leghorn.Genoa.
¦ 

Venice.Litbon.

¦ 
¦


Oporto. Dublin.



1
63" To face Page 253
C 25* J
Exportation of Money.
I.
Is the exportation of gold coins or filver coimper-
mitted ? or under what penalties prohibited ?
II.
What is the reafon of the exportation of money ?
an unfavourable balance of trade ? or perhaps the
rating the metal too low ! III.
Does government fix the value of gold and filver
bullion ? IV.
To what country is bullion chiefly exported 1

Exchange.

I.
Which are the chief places for exchange -negotia
tions between this country and foreign countries ? — See
the Table. II.
What is the par of each place ?
III.
How has the exchange been with each nation on an
average for tbefe five years ?
K k 2 IV. What

[ 252 ]
IV.
What means does the nation make ufe of to incline
the exchange in her favour ? or to prevent its being
too much againft her ?
Bank. I.
Is there a bank in this country ? what is its name ?
under what reign has it been founded ? and upon
what occafions ? II.
Of what nature is the conftitution and eflablifhment
of the bank ? is money or bullion only depofited in
it, without making any profit of it ? or is the money
employed in lending it upon good fecurities ? in buying
and felling bullion ? fpecie ? in difcounting bills of
exchange ? III.
How much is the capital of the bank ? and in how
many fhares is it divided ? are the fhares equal ? how
much does each fhare coft ?
IV.
What are the principal operations of the bank,
befides thofe above mentioned ?
V.
Does the bank alfo deal in merchandize ? VI. Does

t 253 3
VI.
Does the bank take upon itfelf the "truft of keeping
other people's money, for which it gives them notes,
payable on demand ? VII.
How much intereft does the bank give ? or does it
charge the depofitor of money with any expences for
keeping and taking care of it ?
VIII.
Does the bank keep money upon transfers ?
IX.
Is the bank always ready to pay off all its bills on
demand ? X.
What kind of fecurity has the bank ?
XI.
What is to be obferved concerning the rifing and
falling of ftocks ? how many per cent, did they ever
rife ? or fall ? XII.
To what fum do the profits of the bank annually
amount ? XIII.
How far is the bank ufeful for the fupport of the
public and private credit of the nation, and to the
reduction

[ «5- 3
reduftion of the intereft of the public funds ? and
the national rate of intereft ?
XIV.
The ufe of banks being to keep the money circu
lating in the channels of minute payments, and to
hinder it from ftagnating, it is afked, Whether it has
been calculated, what proportion of celerity in circu
lation the bank may give to the money of the ftate ?
XV.
What particular advantages does the bank afford
befides thofe above mentioned ? and how far is the
bank ufeful to the commerce of the country ?
XVI.
In what manner is the bank governed ? and what
is remarkable in the management of it ? how often
does the bank fhut for balancing the public accounts ?
XVII.
Is it permitted to foreigners to buy ftocks for an
unlimited fum ? XVIII.
Which' nations purchafe chiefly bank-ftocks ? and
how much money is each of thofe nations fuppofed
to have in the bank ? XIX. Is

[ 2S5 _
XIX.
Is net the bank endangered by owing thofe fums of
money to foreigners ?
XX.
How much is the agio of bank money ?
XXI.
What kind of connection has the bank with the
traveller's native country ?
Annuities. i.
What kind of public annuities are ufual in this
country ? are they paid for the term of a perfon's
life ? or for a term of years only ? or for ever ?
II.
By what rule are thefe annuities regulated ?
III.
Are private perfons allowed to grant the like an
nuities by purchafe ?
Infurances of Lives.
I.
What kind of infurances are ufual in this country ?
II. Is

[ 256 J
II.
Is it cuftomary to infure people's lives for the be
nefit of their families ? and what is to be ^obferved
concerning thefe kind of infurances ?
III.
Is the number of the perfons to be incorporated,
limited? or unlimited? IV.
What age and conditions are required to be ad
mitted to the infurance ? V.
What proportion is obferved between the money
annually laid in, and the number of years and capital
to be claimed after the death ofthe perfon ?
Obflacles to Commerce.
i.
Which are the chief obftacles to commerce in this
country ? and why are they not removed ?
II.
Which would be the eafieft way of removing them ?
III.
Is the country capable of improvement with refpeft
to trade ? in what refpeft chiefly ? Regulations

r 257 _
Regulations for promoting Commerce.
i. '
Does government take off all taxes and incum
brances whatfoever from the neceffaries and conve
niences of life, that the people may work as cheap its
other nations ? II.
Does government give public encouragement to
thofe, who make any improvement of confequence in
hufbandry and farming, and who promote the cultiva
tion of fuch valuable exotics as the land will adniit of,
in order to make merchandize of them with other
nations ? wherein do the encouragements confift ? and
what effeft do they produce ?
III.
Is any public encouragement given to thofe, who
make any material difcoveries in the mechanical and
manufaftural arts, either by the improvement of the
old commodities, or by the invention of new ones,
whereby general ihduftry may be promoted, and the
traffic and navigation with foreign natiorts advanced ?
wherein do thofe encouragements confift ? and what
has been the fuccefs of them ?
IV.
Are working, mechanical, and manufaftural fchools
eftablifhed for children in the country, in order to
L i prevent

[ »5« 3
prevent idlenefs, lazinefs, debauchery, and villaoy,
by habituating infants from the cradle to honeft in
duftry, and thereby to render labour in general cheap ?
where are thofe mechanical and manufafturing fchools
eftablifhed ? and what is moft remarkable in their
inftitution ? and applicability to other countries ?
V.
What meafures are taken to render the country
populous in ufeful artifts ? manufafturers ? and fea
men ? which have been the moft efficacious means to
attraft thefe kinds of people ? and what privileges do
they enjoy in this country ?
VI.
Are the fifheries promoted to the utmoft extent
they will admit of, as a nurfery for feamen, as well as
for the benefit of trade ? VII.
What reftraints are there upon the importation qf
all fuch foreign goods from thofe countries with
which the balance of trade is fuppofed to he dis
advantageous ? VIII.
What j-eftraints are there upon the importation of
all fuch foreign goods for home confumption, as can
be produced at home J

IX. Is

[ a59 ]
IX.
Is the government inclined rather to encourage the
importation of foreign materials for manufaftures,
than goods manufaftured ?

Does the government prevent the exportation of
unmanufactured materials as much as poflible ? what
regulations are there in that refpeft ?
XI.
What means does government make ufe of to know
perfectly the ftate of commerce ? how does it find out
means to improve it ? to know how trades grow more
or lefs profitable ? how and by what means the mer
chants are outdone by others in the trades they carry
on, or hindered from enlarging them ? to know what
is neceffary to be prohibited, both with regard to the
exports, as well as imports, and for how long a time ?
is there _ Handing committee of trade appointed by
government for that purpofe ? what is to be obferved
with regard to its conftitution ? and ufeful operations ?
XII.
Does the government inquire by the means of the
ambaffadors in foreign countries, after the new difjfo-
veries and machines, made in different parts of
Europe ? L 1 2 XIII. How

I -60 J
XIII.
How are the merchants fecured in their foreign
trade ? are good convoys and cruifers provided in time
of war, for the fafety of fhipping and merchandizes,
in order that affurances may be kept low, and the
merchandize come as cheap as poffible to foreign
markets, as well in time of war as peace ?
XIV.
How far are the merchants of this country fecured
againft the pyratical powers of Barbary ?
XV.
What kind of courts are there eftablifhed for the
regulation of inland and foreign commerce ? manu
faftures ? navigation ? mint ? cnftom-houfe affairs,
and for the fpeedy fettling of all differences between
merchants relating to maritime and other commercial
matters ? XVI.
What branches of commerce have been already
loft ? at what time ? why ? and what care does the
government take to acquire them again ?
XVII.
Which is the trade that employs the moft fhipping ?
and how is it encouraged ?
XVIII.
What branches of commerce are the moft encou raged

[ 26l }
raged by government ? in what manner ? and what
are the effects of this encouragement ?
XIX.
Are drawbacks allowed upon re-exportation of
foreign goods imported i and is the whole or part of
the duty returned' ?
XX.
Are there any goods or manufaftures of the pro
duce ofthe country, on which a. bounty is grantedon
the exportation of them ? what are the particular
articles ? and what is the premium .
Offences againfl Public Trade.
i.
What offences againft public, trade are felonious;?
Smuggling. I.
What are the' particular goods forbidden to be im
ported ? and under what penalties ?
II.
What good's do people chiefly' endeavour to import
without paying duties ? and' how are they punimed
if they, are difcovered ? III. What

[ 262 ]
III.
What are the goods forbidden to be exported, and
under what penalties ? IV.
What goods do people chiefly endeavour to export
without paying duties ? and how are they punifhed if
they are difcovered ?

Does the fmuggling trade confift chiefly in import
ing ? or exporting prohibited goods ? or in importing
or exporting permitted goods, fubjeft to a duty, yet
with the intention to fave it ?
VI.
With what countries is the fmuggling trade chiefly
carried on ? and which are the capital branches of the
fmuggling trade of each country in particular ? what
quantity ? and value ? VII.
In what manner are goods chiefly fmuggled ? do
the cuftom-houfe officers connive at the fmugglers ?
or otherwife ? VIII.
To how much at leaft does the annual lofs of the
fovereign's revenues occasioned by l'muggl ing amount ?
IX. Is

C 263 ]
IX.
Is care taken to prevent fmuggling ? and how ?
X-
Are people punifhed who have bought fmuggled
goods knowingly ? and how ?
XI.
How are people rewarded who difcover fmuggled
goods ? XII.
What becomes of the fmuggled goods that have
been taken by the cuftom-houfe officers ? are they
feized by the fovereign ? or are they the property of
the officer ? or how are they divided ?
XIII.
What would be the beft way of difpofing of them.

Bankruptcy.

1.
What is the punifhment of a fraudulent bankrupt,
if he be convifted of it ? Il
ls he permitted after his punifhment to carry on
trade again ? or not i III. What

£ 264 3
III.
What .penalty dp thofe incur who have aififted a
fraudulent bankrupt in any manner J
IV.
From what day is the failure or bankruptcy reckon
ed to commence ? and what aft or afts conftitute the
fame? V.
What equitable inftitutions prevail in this country
with regard to bankruptcy ? and failures ?
VI.
What kind of creditors have the preference in re
ceiving their payments ?
VII.
How do the laws of this country order to proceed
when there happens an infolvency, either by failure
or death ? VIII.
What are the moft common caufes of bankruptcies
and failures in this country ? is it fraud ? or real
misfortune ? or want of fufficient commercial know
ledge ? or too rafh and hazardous undertakings ?
IX.
To what number do the annual bankruptcies
amount ? X. What

C 265 3
x.
What equitable inftitutions prevail in this country,
to affift a merchant who has failed by real misfortunes ?
Ufury. I.
Is the intereft of money, in comparifon with other
countries, high, or low ? II.
What is the rate of the national intereft ?
III.
Can it be legally raifed or reduced?

IV.
reafons
in this country ?

What are the reafons of intereft being high or low

V.
Is double intereft permitted ? in what cafes .
VI.
How does government prevent ufury ? or exorbi
tant intereft ?
vn.
What penalties are there for ufurers ?
M m Cheating.

[ .66 ]
Cheating. I.
Which are the moft remarkable laws to reftrainand
punifh deceits in particular trades ?
II.
How is defrauding another by counterfeiting his
hand-writing punifhed ?
Foreflalling and Regrating.
i.
What is ordained concerning the offences of fore-
flailing and regrating ?
Engroffing and Monopolizing.
i.
How is engroffing and monopolizing prevented ?
how punifhed ?
Seducing Artifts, and Tranfporting
Tools. I.
How does government prevent the decoying of
artifts ? and how are the feducers punifhed ? II. Is

[ _6; ]•
II.
Is the exportation of machines, looms, and utenfils
for manufactures permitted, or under what penalties
prohibited ?
ReflriBions ofunfkilful Artificers.
i.
How are the people who have not ferved the fixed
time as apprentices, reftrained from exercifing their
trade in towns ?
Situation of the Country, with regard
to Commerce. i.
Is the country advantageoufly fituated for com
merce? and what advantage does it reap from its
favourable fituation ? II.
What advantages feem to be neglected ? and what
would be the beft way to make ufe' of them ?
III.
Which are the chiefeft fea-ports ? trading towns ?
emporiums of this country ?
IV.
What advantages have they ?
M m a V. What

[ 268 j
V.
What difadvantages ? and how could they be re
moved ? VI.
Which trading towns have the greateft intercourfe
with' the traveller's native country ? how is this inter
courfe occafioned ? VII.
By what means could it be increafed ?
VIII.
How was the faid intercourfe five ? ten ? twenty
years ago ? and what is the reafon of its increafe or
decreafe ? IX.
How far are the central towns of the country diftant
from the fea ? and how far from the next navigable
river ? or canal ?
Cufioms and Duties.
I.
What is the general opinion of traders of this coun
try, with regard to the propriety or impropriety ofthe
cuftoms and duties ? are they calculated for regulating
the commerce, and to favour it ? or are they exafted
only in order to increafe the revenue of the fovereign,
without. paying a due regard to the damage they
caufe to commerce, if laid on improperly ? II. Is

C 269 ]
II.
Is there a duty upon neceffary commodities, fuch as
materials for dying, imported for the ufe of manufac
tures ? III.
What duty do fuch articles pay as are not abso
lutely neceffary, and rather imported for the greater
convenience of the inhabitants ?
IV.
Are articles of luxury, and chiefly thofe that aim at
the deftruftion of the national induftry, obliged to
pay very heavy duties ? V.
Do foreign goods pay the duties at the firft cuftom-
houfe of entry into the country ? or is each province
where they pafs empowered to receive alfo duties for
importing them ? VI.
What revenue is levied by government on the im
port ? and export of merchandize annually !
VII.
What kind of fyftem is obferved in laying duties
upon goods ? VIII.
Are all the nations obliged to pay the fame duties ?
or is there a diftinftion made amongft them ?
IX. What

C 270 3
IX.
What nation enjoys the moft privileges ? liberties ?
and immunities concerning imports ? and duties 1
and refpefting perfons ? wares ? merchandize ? fhips ?
freighting ? mariners ? navigation ? and commerce ?
and in what do thefe prerogatives chiefly confift ?
X.
Are foreigners favoured to the prejudice of the
natives ? and in what refpeft ?
XI.
Which are the moft remarkable rights ? privileges ?
franchiles ? exemptions ? and immunities, which the
traveller's countrymen enjoy in this country refpefting
navigation and commerce ?
XII.
What is ftill wanting in order to promote the com
mercial intereft of the traveller's countrymen ? and
how attainable ?
Treaties of Commerce and Navigation with
different Powers, and particularly with
the Pyratical States of Barbary.
I.
Which are the chief treaties of commerce and na
vigation concluded between this country and each
foreign

C fl7» 3
foreign power ? and in particular with the traveller's
native country ? II.
When and where have they been concluded ? what
is moft remarkable in them ? and what their opera
tions on commerce ? in.
What treaties of commerce and navigation have
been made between this country and each of the py
ratical ftates of Barbary ? IV.
How does the nation obtain peace with each of the
faid pyratical powers ? is it by the fuperiority of the
naval force ? or under the capitulations with the
Grand Signior ? is it by unlimited annual prefents ?
or by paying a regular tribute ? and to what amount?
V.
What may be fuppofed the amount of the national
lofs per annum in thofe years the pyratical powers are
at war with this nation ? VI.
What meafures are taken for the redemption of
captives ? VII.
How many captives are fuppofed to be -in all the
pyratical

t 272 ]
pyratical ftates belonging to this country ? and where
are the greateft number ?
Annual Commercial Produce.
1.
How much profit brings the inland trade annually
to this country ? II.
How much the foreign trade »
III.
How much the manufacturer** V»\_».-V-*u \v ch.i__>
IV.
How much the navigation upon the fea ?
V.
How much the freight of fhipping feparately ?
VI.
How much the fifheries ?
Merchants. 1.
How is the youth of this country trained up to
trade? II.
How many years does the apprenticefhip laft in this
country ? III. In

[ 273 3
III.
In what refpeft is the fyftem of training up children
worthy to be followed by foreign trading nations ?
IV.
How is a patriotic fpirit inculcated to the children
brought up to trade ? V.
How is the ftation of a merchant looked upon in
this country ? VI.
Are the natives inclined to trade ? or why not ?
VII.
Do the merchants of this country carry on trade till
they die ? or do they prefer and adopt retirement ?
VIII.
Do the rich merchants in general endeavour to ob
tain titles of honour ? IX.
What is the general charafter of the merchants of
this country ? X.
Which order of merchants are reckoned to be the
richeft among the natives ? and which among the fo
reigners eftablifhed in this country ?
Nn XI. May

[ 274 ]
XI.
May government expeft a confiderable pecuniary
affiftance from the merchants in time of neceffity ?
XII.
What particular rights and privileges are granted
to merchants in this country ? or to their families ?
XIII.
What is the number of merchants and tradefmen ?
[fee Population] and what proportion does it bear
to the whole population of the country ?

SECT.

[ 275 3

SECT. XIII.

COLONIES.
HiJlorical Inquiries refpeBing the Eflablifhment
of the Colonies — Geographical Defcription of
the fame — ProduBs — Population — Trade 
Government — Advantages of the Colonies to
the Mother Country.

Hifiorical Inquiries refpeBing the Efla
blifhment of the Colonies.
i.
VV HAT colonies has this nation in foreign parts ?
II.
When were they firft fettled ? what remarkable cir
cumftances have attended their eftablifhment ?
III.
To what purpofe has each colony chiefly been
planted, for commerce ? or otherwife ?
Nn_ Geographical

C 276 ]
Geographical Defcription of the fame.
1.
What is the fituation ? latitude ? extent ? and fur-
face of each of thofe colonies ?
II.
What climate ? air ? and foil has each of them ?
III.
What lakes ? navigable ? and fhallow rivers ? bays }
and capes ? IV.
How many cities ? capital ? and fmaller fea-ports >
towns ? forts ? villages ? and number of houfes con
tains each colony ?
ProduBs. I.
What kinds of corn ? vegetables ? plants ? fhrubs ?
trees, &c. are peculiar to each colony?
II.
What metals ? minerals ? and foffils ?
III.
What animal productions by land ? and fea ?
IV. What

[ 277 ]
IV.
What kind of exotics have been introduced in each
colony ? and with what fuccefs ?
V.
Which are the chief objefts of agriculture ? and
what is to be obferved concerning the fertility or
fterility of the foil ?
Population. I.
How much has population in each colony increafed ?
or decreafed thefe five ? ten ? twenty years paft ? and
what is its prefent ftate ? II.
What is the reafon of the increafe ? or decreafe of
the population in each colony ? and what care does
the mother country take to encourage an addition of
ftrangers ? III.
Island granted to new fettlers ? how much to each
family ? and upon what conditions ?
IV.
What tempting privileges are given to the new
planters ? V. May

[ 27» ]
V.
May all foreigners be made denizens at an incon
fiderable charge ? and what is required of them for
their being naturalized ?
Trade. I.
Are the colonies permitted to fet up the manu
factures of their mother country ? or not ? and what
kind of manufactures have they eftablifhed ?
II.
To what quantity and value do the goods manu
factured in each colony amount ?
III.
Are the colonies permitted to trade with each other ?
IV.
Are they permitted to trade to the colonies of
other nations ? or to carry their produfts direft to
foreign countries ? V.
How many veffels ? tonnage ? and failors are em
ployed annually in the navigation to and from the
colonies ? Government.

C 279 ]
Government.

What is remarkable concerning the government
of the colonies ? II.
In what do the laws of the colonies differ from thofe
of the parent country ?
Advantages of the Colonies to the
Mother Country.
1.
What advantages does the mother country reap from
the colonies in time of peace by reciprocal trade?
II.
Wherein do the exports and imports betwixt the
mother country and the colonies chiefly confift ?
III.
What is their annual quantity ? and value ?
IV.
Does government oblige the planters to raife fuch
produfts for the mother country as muft be taken at
prefent

[ 2.0 ]
prefent chiefly from thofe countries wherewith a
commerce nationally difadvantageous is carrie3 on ?
V.
Are the colonies taxed by the mother country ?
and to what fum do the annual taxes amount ? or are
they fupported and maintained in the prefent ftate ?
and how confiderable is this charge ?
VI.
Of what advantage are the colonies to the mother
country in time of war ?
VII.
Are the colonies expofed by their fituation to be
eafily conquered by other nations ? and what their
defence natural ? and artificial ?
VIII.
What annual profit of every defcription does each
colony yield to the parent ftate ?
IX.
What are the annual expences of the mother coun
try for each colony ? for inftance, garrifbns ? magi
ftrates ? revenue officers? pecuniary encouragements
to fettlers ? bounties, &c. &c.
X.
What is the prefent ftate of each colony witli
regard

[ ,8i ]
regard to agriculture ? induftry ? commerce ? navi
gation ? and revenue, compared with the ftate, thefe
five ? ten ? and twenty years paft ?

N. B. Many other queftions contained in this work,
and applicable to any country whatfoever, may alfo
be adapted to the colonies, and therefore are omitted
here.

Oo SECT.

[ 28a.]

SECT. XIV.

INLAND NAVIGATION.
Inquiries refpeBing navigable Rivers and Lakes—
ConjlruBion of Canals — Their Ufe — Their
Public and Private Utility.

Inquiries refpeBing Navigable Rivers
and Lakes. I.
JTjLRE there navigable rivers ? and lakes in this
country ? which are they ? — See Seft. I.
II.
Are the rivers navigable by nature ? or rendered
fo by art ? III.
In the latter cafe, in what year? with what expences?
under whofe direction ? and in what fpace of time
have the rivers been made navigable ? ConjlruBion

C «83 J
ConfiruBion of Canals.
i.
Are there navigable canals in this country ? which
are they ? II.
Whom do the different canals belong to ? or at
whofe expence have they been cut ?
III.
In what year has each canal been made ? and what
were the names of the original promoters ?
IV.
How much was the expence for cutting each canal ?
V.
How much time was required for doing it t
VI.
How many leagues is each canal long ? how many
feet broad ? and how many deep ?
VII.
Where does the water for fupplying each canal
come from ? VIII.
What are the defefts or inconveniences of each
canal in particular ? O o 2 IX. Can

[ 284 ]
IX.
Can they be eafily corrected ? and how J
X.
Does the country admit of improvements with re
gard to inland navigation ? and are there fome pro
jects for cutting new canals propofed ? in what do
they confift ?

Their Ufe.

i.
To what purpofe has each of the faid canals been
cut? II.
What qourfe does each canal take through the
country ? III.
How many boats of different fizes go up and down
each canal annually ? IV.
Of how many tons burthen are thofe boats com
monly ? V.
Are they drawn by oxen ? or by horfes ? or by
men ? and by how many ?
VI.
At what rate an hour ? VII. How

[ 285 ]
VII.
How much freight does a cwt. pay per league in
the different feafons ? VIII.
Is the canal navigable the whole year round ? or
in what months ? IX.
How does the navigation go on when there is but
little water in the canal ? are the goods unloaden from
larger boats into fmaller ones ? or how are they ?
X.
What kind of goods go up and down each canal ?
tp what quantity ? and value do they amount ?
XI.
What is moft remarkable concerning the naviga
tion upon thofe canals ? what kind of ufeful con
trivances ? and machines worth to be carefully exa
mined, are to be feen ?
XII.
What kind of judicious regulations are there con
cerning the inland navigation ?
Their Public and Private Utility. •
i.
What are the good effefts of the inland naviga
tion with regard to the agriculture of thofe provinces
where canals are cut ? II. What

[ 286 ]
II.
What kind of manufaftures are there in the neigh
bourhood of each canal ?
III.
What peculiar benefits do the manufaftures and
commerce reap from each canal ?

IV.
How is induftry obferved to be in thofe provinces
at enjoy the vicinity of a navigable canal ?

V.
How much renders each canal annually to the ftate ?
and how much the whole inland navigation ?
VI.
In cafe the canals belong to- private perfons, how
much may each canal bring in annually to the pro
prietor ? how is the toll paid by each lighter regu
lated ? and how much are the annual expences of
keeping each of the faid canals in good order ?

SECT.

C 287 ]

SECT. XV.

NAVIGATION upon the SEA.
Hifiorical Inquiry concerning Navigation upon
the Sea — Prefent State of the Shipping — Sai
lors — Charitable Inflitutions for Sailors, and
their Families — Sea Laws — Progrefs in the
Art of Navigation and other Matters relating
to it — Pirates — Privateers.

Hifiorical Inquiry concerning Naviga
tion upon the Sea.
1.
VvHAT was the origin ofthe fea trade of this
nation ? how has it made its fucceffive progrefs ? and
which are the moft remarkable epochas and revolu
tions of it ?

Prefent

[ 288 ]
Prefent State of the Shipping.
i.
What is the average of the tonnage of national
fhipping annually employed in the foreign trade ? and
in the coafting trade ? II.
What was the average thefe laft five ? ten ? or
twenty years ? III.
What is the average of the burthen of foreign fhips
annually employed by this coimtry ?
IV.
What was the average five ? ten ? or twenty years
ago? V.
How many trading veflels belong to each fea port ?
of how many tons are they ?
VI.
How many veflels belonged to each fea port thefe
five ? ten ? or twenty years paft ?
VII.
How many veflels belong to trading towns, that
are no fea ports ? of how many tons are they ?
VIII. How

t **9 1
VIII.
How many belonged to them thefe laft five ? ten ?
or twenty years ? IX.
To what value does the whole tonnage amount at
the average price of fhip-building per ton ?
X.
To what value did it amount five ? ten ? or twenty
years ago ? XI.
How much gains the nation annually by tranfporting
goods belonging to foreign countries ?
XII.
How much did it gain thefe five? ten? or twenty
years paft ? XIII.
To what fum amounts the annual profit the ftate
ljeaps from the navigation upon the fea ?
XIV.
To how much did it amount thefe laft five ? ten ?
or twenty years paft ? Sailors. I.
How many regiftered failors are there in each pro
vince ? or how many in the whole country ? and at
what an age are they regiftered ?
P p II. Which

[ 290 3
II.
Which province fumifhes the greateft number of
failors ? and what increafes it ?
Ill,
Which provinces furnifhtit the fmalleft number of
fiilors ? and what diminifhes it ?
IV.
What part of the country produces the beft failors ?
and where do the leaft efteemed failors come from ?
V.
What feems to be the caufe of this difference be
tween men of the fame nation ?
VI.
How many failors are employed in time of peace on
board the merchantmen of this nation ? how many
foreign failors are amongft them ? how many of each
nation ? VII.
How many failors are employed in time of war, on
board the merchantmen ? and how are merchantmen
fupplied with feamen, if the native failors are taken
for the fervice of the fleet ?
VIII.
What are the wages of a common failor on board a
merchantman

[ 291 j
merchantman in time of peace? what are they in
time of war ? IX,
What of a captain ? and officers ?
X.
Are the feamen of this nation fed well, or very par-
fimonioufly ? and what influence has this manner of
feeding upon the price of the freight ?
XI.
What is the ufual allowance of food for a failor
on board a merchantman ?
XII.
What is looked upon to be the nurfery of the fea
men of this country ?
xm.
What is the general charafter of the feamen of this
country ? are they celebrated for their flcill and bra
very, and their veffels commonly preferred to thofe of
other nations, as well with regard to the freight ? as.
infurance ? XIV.
Are failors permitted to leave their native country
in time of peace, and to enter into the fervice of
foreign countries, or not ?
P p e XV. In

[ 29^ 3
XV.
In what country do they moft generally engage .
XVI.
Which voyages are the moft fatal to the failors con-
ftitutions ? and what precautions are taken with regard
to the prefervation pf health ?
Humane Inflitutions for Sailors, and
their Families. I.
Are there good hofpitals for difabled failors? for
their widows, and children ? where are they erefted i
II.
How are they provided for in thofe hofpitals ?
III.
Do thofe hofpitals fubfift by a fund of charity ? or
by monthly fubfcriptiqns ? or how ?
IV.
What care is taken of the poor widows ? and or
phans ? hpw are they maintained ? and the latter
inftruCted ? and difpofed of when grown up ?

Sea

[ 293 3
Sea Laws.
i.
What kind of fea dominion does this country claim ?
and what cuftoms, and conventions prevail with re
gard to it ? II.
Are fea affairs decided according to laws made by
the modern legiflators of this nation ? or are they a
compilation of the ancient Rhodiari, Oleron, and
Wifbuy Laws ? and of thofe of other European mari
time powers ? III.
What court is empowered to fettle maritime af
fairs ? is it the court of admiralty ? or the ordinary
court merchant ? IV.
What kinds of ftatutes and regulations are there
for encouraging ? preferving ? and improving na
vigation ? V.
What kinds of goods muft be imported, or ex
ported upon national bottoms ? and what is ordained
concerning the number of individuals of the f_ip''s
crew that ought to be natives ?
VI.
What regulations do exift in this- country, which
feem to obftruft the progrefs of navigation ? and why
are not they abolifhed ? VII. Are

[ 294 _
VII-
Are the inhabitants ofthe fea coaft naturally in
clined to give friendly affiftance to people in diftrefs ?
and what kind of humane and equitable laws have
been made with regard to veffels that have fuffered
fhipwreck on the coaft of this country ?
Progrefs in the Art of Navigation,
and other Matters relating to ii.
I.
What ufeful difcoveries has this nation made in the
theorical? and practical art of navigation ? what faci
litating inftruments invented ?
II.
For what kind of difcoveries and contrivances has
the government of this country promifed premiums J
in what do they confift ? III.
What difcoveries and contrivances made in this
country with regard to navigation, are ftill entirely
unknown ? or very little known in foreign countries ?
IV.
Is Mr. William Shiplek's floating light, for
faving the lives of thofe people who fall over-board in
the dark, known in this country ? V. Which

t 295 3
v.
Which method is made ufe offer weighing up funk
thips ? and goods ? VI.
Which method is purfued in diving for funk goods
in deep water ? VII.
Which food has been experienced to be the moft
portable and moft nourifliing for keeping a diftretled
flup's crew from ftarving ?
Vltl.
Is not falep ? and gum arabic, reckoned to anfwer
the purpofe mentioned better than any thing elfe ?
IX.
Since from the want of the art of fwimming, a
greater number of failors than can be imagined are
annually drowned, it is afked, by what means are all
thofe children, who intend to become fea-faring men,
compelled by government to learn that ufeful practice?
X.
Which method is the moft certain for recovering
people who remain for a while under watery—
Compare the anfwer with the direBionsfor the recovery of
the apparently dead by drowning, page 88.
XI. What

t 296 3
XI.
What experiments have been made to render fea
water drinkable ? XII.
Which is the leaft expenfive, and moft convenient
method of fweetening fea water ?
XIII.
To what ufes is it the moft proper 1
XIV.
Are there public fchools for teaching young people
the theorical part of failing ? where are they ?
XV.
How is the plan of education of the pupils con
ceived ? and what is remarkable with regard to that
inftitution ? XVI.
What author has written moft judicioufly, and ex-
tenfively on navigation ? and the matters belonging
to it? XVII.
What ufeful difcoveries have been made by this
nation, with regard to phyfic, and the manner of pre
venting, and curing difeafes of feamen ?
XVIII.
Which has been Lfound the moft efficacious remedy to

L" 297 3
to clear the holds of a fhip from the peftilential air
they contain ? Pirates. 1.
What inftruftions are given to the captains of mer
chantmen, with regard to their conduft with pirates ?
II.
Are not captains of trading veffels of a certain bur
then, and mounted with a fixed number of guns, pro
hibited to yield up the veffel to any pirate without
fighting ? III.
In cafe the nation be at war with the piratical
powers of Barbary, is it not ufual to affociate the
failors in the fhip's cargo, in order to encourage them
to fight more gallantly ?
Privateers. 1.
Is it cuftomary in this country, in cafe of a rupture
with other princes, to iffue forth commiffions to pri
vate men to equip fhips of war ?
II.
What regulations are made for the encouragement
of privateers ? and ordering of prizes ?
Qq III. TO

C 298 ]
III.
To what number do the privateers amount on
an average of former wars ?
IV.
Is the commander of a privateer obliged to give
fecurity ? and how much is it ?
V.
Are fubjefts of this country permitted to take com-
miffions from foreign ftates, to arm fhips of war,
and fail under their flags, or not ?

SECT.

[ 299 3

SECT. XVI.

QUESTIONS APPLICABLE TO EVERY
SEA-PORT.
Nature of the Sea-Port — Its Commerce — Shipping
belonging to this Port — lnfurance—Wife Regu
lations and ufeful Machines — Commercial Inter
courfe between this Port and the Traveller's
native Country — Merchants— Revenue of the
Port.

Nature of the Sea-Port.
i.
JL S this a free port ? and as fuch, what privileges
and liberties has it ? II.
How many fhips can it contain ?
III.
Is there a fufficient depth of water to enter at any
time, whether the tide be in, or out ?
Q q 2 IV. How

[ 3°o ]
IV.
How many feet of water draws the -fea-port in the
fpring tides ? how many in the neap ?
V.
What kind of anchorage ?
VI.
Is the entrance free, without rocks, or fand bank ?
VII.
Are the fhips fecured againft all kinds of wind ? or
to what wind expofed ? VIII.
Is the port well defended ? and wherein do the for
tifications confift ?
Its Commerce. i.
With what countries is commerce chiefly carried
on in this port ? II.
How many fhips of the different nations enter an
nually on an average in this port ? of how many tons
are they ? wherein does their cargo chiefly confift ?
III. How

[ 30i ]
III.
How many fhips of the different nations entered
this port thefe laft five ? ten ? and twenty years ?
IV.
How many national fhips enter annually in this port ?
of how many tons are they ? from what ports do they
come ? and what is their cargo ?
V.
How many national fhips entered this port thefe
laft five ? ten ? and twenty years ?
VI.
What quantity of different goods is annually im
ported ? and to how much does their value amount ?
VII.
How has it been thefe laft five ? ten ? and twenty
years ? VIII.
What quantity of goods is annually exported ? and
what is their value ? IX.
How has it been thefe five ? ten ? and twenty
years ? X.
At what fum is valued the capital of the whole
trade carried on in one year on an average ? XI. At

C 302 3
XI.
At what fum was the whole trade carried on in one
year, valued thefe laft five ? ten ? and twenty years?
XII.
Which are the caufes of the increafe or decreafe of
trade ?
Shipping belonging to this Port.
i.
How many trading ? and fifhing veffels belong to
the traders of this fea-port ? of what burthen are
they ? II.
Where have they moftly been built ? and at how
much per ton ? Infurance. I.
Is there an infurance-company in this port ? or are
the fhips infured by private under-writers ? or in other
places ? which are they ? II.
What premium is paid in time of peace for the dif
ferent voyages ? what in time of war ? III. How

[ 3°3 ]
III.
How many veffels are loft in one hundrend on an
average, according to the different voyages ? which
of them are reputed to be the moft dangerous ? and
why fo ?
Wife Regulations and Ufeful Machines.
I.
What precautions are ufed with regard to the
veffels that come from the Levant ? and may be fuf-
pefted of having the plague on board ?
II.
What regulations in favour of the commerce of
this port deferve to be taken notice of ?
III.
What kind of ufeful machines and contrivances are
to be feen in this port, with regard to the manner of
loading ? and unloading fhips ? cleaning the fea-port ?
tranfporting weights ? Sec. Sec. — For the reft fee
Navigation upon the Sea — Progrefs in the Art
of Navigation, and other Matters relative to it.
Commercial Intercourfe between this Sea-
Port and the Traveller's native Country*
I.
What commercial connection has this port with the
native country of the traveller ? II. Is

[ 304 ]
II.
Is there a direft exchange betwixt them ?
III.
What could be propofed to increafe ihe faid com
mercial intercourfe ? IV.
What meafures fhould be taken to effeftuate it ?
Merchants. i.
How many foreign merchants houfes are there of
each nation in this fea-port ?
II.
What tempting privileges are granted to foreign
merchants, in order to attraft them ? and have they
the defired effeft ? III.
Which are reckoned the moft confiderable and
fafeft houfes amongft the natives ? which amongft
the foreigners ? IV.
Do the merchants of this port chiefly trade on their
own account ? or principally tranfaft commiffion
bufinefs ? V. What

r 305 ]
V.
What charafter is given to the traders of this port?
Revenue of the Port.
1.
What port duties are the fhips obliged to pay i
II.
How much do the cuftom-houfe duties received in
this port annually amount to ?
III.
What other emoluments does government derive
from this port ? IV.
How much may be its total annual income ?

R r SECT.

C 306 3

SECT. XVII.

- FISHERY in GENERAL.
¦i°- ¦¦-'¦
Situation of the Country yjith Regard to Fifheries—
Different Sorts of Fijh, and Seafon for Fiflj-
ing — Fijh Trade — Salt — Profit ofthe Fifheries
to the Country.

Situation qf the Country with Regard
to Fifheries. ,
1.
X S the fituation of this country favourable for car
rying on an extenfive fifhery? has the country many,
and convenient ports, and creeks ?
II.
Is not the fea coaft perhaps expofed to great ftorms?
and fwellings of the fea ?

Different

[ 307 3
Different Sorts of Fifh, and Seafon
for Fifhing. I.
What kinds of fifh does the fea of this country
plentifully produce ? II.
In what parts of the fea is each fort of fifh moft
abundantly taken ? and in what feafon ?
III.
What kind of fifhery is worth particular notice to
be taken of ?

Fifh Trade.

i.
How many barrels of fifh does the country annually
confume ? what is their value ?
II.
Is alfo fifh from foreign countries imported here ?
what fort of fifh ? how much ? at what price ? from
what countries ? III.
What forts of fifh are annually exported to foreign
countries ? how much of each fort to each country ?
at what price ? R r 2 Salt.

[ 3°8 ]
Salt. i.
In what parts of the fea coaft is fea fait made for
the ufe ofthe fifheries? how much annually ? at what
price ? to whom do the falt-marfhes belong ?
II.
In cafe the country is in want of fait, from what
country is it fupplied ? with how much annually 1
and at what price ? III.
Are there mines of foffile or rock fait in this coun
try ? how much is taken out annually ? what is its
price ? and whofe property are thofe mines ?
IV.
Are there alfo falt-fprings ? in what part ? how
much fait do they render ? at what price ? who is the
owner of thofe falt-fprings ?
V.
Does the fovereign lower the price of fait in favour
of the fifheries ? or is it loaded with impofts ? and
rendered too dear ? VI.
Does the country produce the neceffary quantity of
fait for its confumption, and for that of the fifheries ?
or is it in want of fait ? or has it an abundance of it ?
, VII. In

[ 309 3
VII.
In cafe the country has fait in abundance, where
does it fell the remainder ? at what price ? does it
export fait upon national bottoms ? or do the fo
reigners come to load it ? VIII.
How much fait is annually confumed in the coun
try ? how much of it by the fifheries ?
Profit of the Fifheries to the Country \
i.
What advantage does the country reap from the
happy fituation for carrying on fifheries ?
II.
How many people are annually employed in all
kinds of fifheries ? in building and fitting out fifhing
veffels and boats ? in making the fifhing utenfils ? in
fifhing ? in felling ? and exporting fifh ? See. Sec.
III.
To how much does the annual profit the ftate has
from the fifheries amount ?
IV.
How was it thefe five ? ten ? or twenty years ? and
what has increafed or decreafed the fifheries ?
SECT,

[ 3>o ]

SECT. XVIII.

HERRING FISHERY.
Hifiorical Inquiry refpeBing the Herring Fifhery —
Equipment of Herring Veffels — Procefs of Fifh
ing — Manner of Curing — Sale — Encouragement
ofthe Herring Fifhery — Profit of the Herring
Fifhery to the State.

Hifiorical Inquiry refpeBing the
Herring Fifhery.

JL N what year did the nation begin to carry on the
herring fifhery ? and which are the moft remaikable
epochas and revolutions in its hiftory ?
Equipment of Herring Veffels.
I.
How many herring veffels are fent annually to the
herring fifhery ? how many from each fea port ? II. Of

C 3»i 3
II.
Of how many tons are they generally ?
III.
How are they manned ?
IV.
What is the expence of fitting out a herring veffel ?
and maintaining the men during the voyage ?
V.
Are thofe veffels fitted out by a corporation ? or by
fingle merchants ? or by fifhermen ?
Procefs of Fifhing.
' 1.
In what month do the herring veffels depart ? how
long lafts the fifhery ? and in what month do they
return ? II.
Where is the rendezvous of the herring veffels be
fore they go to the fifhery ?
III.
To what parts of the fea do the veffels chiefly re
fort ? and where is the greateft abundance of herrings
to be met with ? IV.
How is the procefs of fifhing for herrings ? Manner

C 312 3
Manner of Curing.
1.
How do the fifhermen of this country cure and pre
pare the white, or pickled herrings ?
II.
How do they prepare the red herrings !
III.
Which is the beft way of preparing ? gutting ? fch>
ing ? and barrelling the herrings ?
IV.
In what confifts the goodnefs of the herring ? what
outfide muft it have ? V.
Which place is the moft famous for falting herrings ?
VI.
How much fait does the herring fifhery annually
confume on an average ? and what is its price ?
VII.
How many thoufand herrings are falted with one
ton of fait ? VIII.
Which kind of fait is preferable for falting her
rings ? is it the rock fait ? the fait of the fait fprings ?
or the fea fait ? IX. Which

t 3*3 j
IX.
Which fea fait anfwers better the purpofe, that of
the hot climates ? or the fea fait made in cold coun
tries ? and why ? X.
Is there always plenty of fait to be had ? by what
regulation ? XI.
What improvements has this nation made in' the
herring fifhery ? and the manner of preparing the
fifh? XII.
When herrings are caught in too great abundance,
and when fait, barrels, or time is wanting, what be
comes of the remainder ? do they make oil of it for
the ufe of the curriers ? or fur burning it in lamps ?
or do they fatten pigs with it ? Or ufe it as manure ?
Sale. I.
How many different forts of herrings are fold ? and
which renders the moft ? II.
Are the fithermen of this country capable of under-
felling their neighbouring rivals by their axonomy,
frugality, conftancy, induftry^ and nicety in falting
and barrelling the fifh ? S f HI. Is

C 3*4 3
III.
Is the herring fifhery more profitable in the fummer
feafon ? or in the autumn ?
IV.
What quantity of herrings are annually caught on
an average ? and to what value do they amount ? how
much per barrel ? and what quantity does it contain ?
V.
How much of the capture is confumed in the
country ? VI.
How much is exported ? to what country ? at what
price ? VII.
In national, or foreign bottoms moftly ?
Encouragement of the Herring Fifhery.
i.
How does government encourage the herring fifhery ?
II.
How much bounty is given to each herring veffel ?
and what is required with regard to the quantity of
tons of the veffel ? the number of the crew ? and the
utenfils for fifhing ? and falting, to have a right of
claiming a bounty ? III. What

C 3*5 3
III.
What regulations are made concerning the fize of
the nets ? the fquare fize of the mafhes ? the fait ?
the barrels ? &c. Sec. IV.
Are veffels loft in a voyage alfo entitled to the
bounty ? V.
In what ftate has the herring fifhery been thefe
five ? ten ? or twenty years ? and what is the reafon
of its increafe or decreafe ?
Profit from the Herring Fifhery to the
State. i.
How much does the herring fifhery render the ftate
annually ? II.
How many people are annually employed in build
ing and fitting out herring veffels ? in fifhing ? falting ?
barrelling ? felling ? and e.-.porting herrings ?

Sf« SECT.

[ 3*6 1

SECT. XIX.
WHALE FISHERY.
Chronological Inquiry concerning the Whale Fifiierj
— Equipment of Wlmle Ships — Procefs of catch
ing Whales — Sale of the Produce — Encourage
ment ofthe Whale Fifhery — Profit ofthe Whale
Fifhery to the State.

Chronological Inquiry concerning the
Whale Fifhery.
i.
JL_/ O E S this country carry on the whale fifhery ?
when did it commence ? what periods and revolutions
are the moft remarkable in the hiftory of it ?
Equipment of Whale Ships.
i.
How many veffels were employed laft year in the
whale fifhery ? which fea-port towns have fent ftiips
to the whale fifhery ? and how many each port ?
II. Of

C 8*7 3
II.
Of what burthen are thofe fhips generally? how
many men ? and how many guns do they carry ? how
many boats has each fhip ? and what are their ne
ceffary implements ? III.
What are the expences of fitting out a fhip ? and
maintaining her crew on the voyage ?
IV.
What are the wages of the failors? IfixpamiSffS » B«-'
captains ? Sec. V.
Are the fhips commonly fitted out at the expence
of a tingle merchant ? or by a company ?
VI.
What provifions are reckoned the wholfomeft for
the fhip's crew in this fatiguing voyage ?
Procefs qf catching Whales.
i.
In what month do the fhips depart ? where is the
rendezvous for the departure of the fleet ? or do theV
fail fingly ? II.
To what parts do the veffels fail ? and in what lati
tude is the greateft number of whales to be met with ?
III. How

[ 3*8 ]
III.
How long does the fifhing continue ? and in wliat
month do they return ? IV.
How do they proceed in catching whales ?
V.
Is the Englifh gun harpoon known in this country ?
and with what fuccefs made ufe of ? is it not preferred
to the common harpoon ? VI.
What improvements have been made by this nation
with regard to the whale fifhery ?
VII.
How many fifh ? and what fize is reckoned a good
capture for a fhip ? VIII.
Does the number of whales increafe or diminifh?
and what is the reafon of either ?
IX.
To what difeafes are the whale fifhers chiefly ex
pofed? and how are they prevented? how cured?
X.
To what dangers are whale fhips moftly expofed? XI. What

E 319 3
XI.
What proportion of thefe veffels are computed to
be loft ? or deftroyed ? XII.
Are they moftly infured ? in what places ? and
what is the premium on an average ?
Sale of the Produce.

How many whales have been taken laft year ? how
much has been gained, or loft ?
II.
Wherein did the produce of the whale fifhery con
fift ? and what was its value ?
III.
How much oil ? whalebone ? &c. are annually con
fumed in the country ? how much exported ?
IV.
How much to each country on an average ? at what
price ? *
V.
Is it ufual to export the faid produce on national,
or foreign bottoms ? VI. To

C 3Eo _
VI.
To what nfe is the oil ? the bones ? and Spermaceti
chiefly employed ? VII.
What is the general value of whales of d iflerent frases ?
VIII.
How is oil ? whalebone ? fpermaceti ? &c. &c. pre
pared for fale ? IX.
Is this nation capable of underfelling its rivals
in the articles produced by the whale fifhery ? and
what contributes to it ?
Encouragement of the Whale Fifhery.
1.
What feems to obftruft the progrefs of the whale
fifhery ? how does government remove thofe obfta-
cles ? and encourage that traffic ?
II.
Are premiums given to the whale fhips ? how many
tons ? and men muft they carry in order to be entitled
to a premium ? and are there fome other conditions
befides required, that a whale fhip may have a right
to the premium ? in what does the premium confift?
III. Are

_ 32' I
III.
Are veffels loft in that voyage alfo entitled to a
premium ? IV.
How long is it fince this premium was firft given ?
and what good effeft is felt from this encouragement ?
V.
What judicious regulations tending to increafe the
whale fifhery deferve particular notice ?
VI.
Does government take any part in the whale fifhery ?
and what part thereof? VII,
Is the whale fifhery under exclufive privileges ? or
is it open to all the fubjefts of the kingdom i
Profit of the Whale Fifhery to the
State. i.
How many veffels are annually employed in the
whale fifhery ? and exportation of its produce, on an
average ? II.
How many fhips were employed in the whale fifhery
five? ten ? and twenty years ago ? and how many
whales did they catch at that time ?
Tt UL How

[ 32» _
III.
How many men live by fitting out the whale ftiips ?
by navigating them ? and by felling and trairfporting
the produce of the capture ?
IV.
What annual profit and advantages accrue to the
ftate from the whale fifhery i

SECT.

[ 323 J

SECT. XX.

CORAL FISHERY.
fnquiry concerning the Origin and Progrefs of the
Coral Fifhery — Equipment ofthe Coral Boats—
Procefs of Fifhing — Sale — Encouragement of
the Coral Fifhery — Profit of the Coral Fifliery
to the State.

Inquiry concerning the Origin and
Progrefs of the Coral Fifhery.
i.
1 9 O E S this country partake of the coral fifhery ?
fince what year ? and what memorable periods are
there in the annals of the faid fifhery ?
Equipment of the Coral Boats.
i.
What places fend boats to the coral fifhery ? and
how many each place annually on an average ?
Ttn II. Of

C 324 3
Of how many tons are they ? and how many men
do they carry ? III.
What is the expence of the equipment of a coral
boat? IV.
Do the boats commonly belong to fifhermeri ? or
to merchants ? and in the firft cafe, how is the coral
divided ? in the laft, how are the filhermen paid ?
Procefs of Fifhing.
1.
Where is the rendezvous for the departure of the
coral boats ? II.
In what month do they depart ? how long lafts the
fifhery ? and in what month do they return ?
III.
In what parts of the Mediterranean is the coral
moftly found ? IV.
What method is ufed for fifhing for coral ? how is
the fifhing machine eonftrufted ?
V.
What ufeful difcoveries has this nation made in
order to render the coral fifhery more eafy ? and more
profitable ? VI. What

t 325 3
VI.
What is reckoned a good fifhery ?
VII.
What is the total annual produce ? and value of this
fifhery on an average ? VIII.
To what dangers are the fifhermen moftly expofed ?
IX.
Are the fifhers often made prifoners by the pirates
of Barbary ? and how ranfomed ?
X.
How many boats went annually to fifh for coral
thefe laft five ? ten ? and twenty years paft ?
Sale. I.
What kinds of coral are moftly fifhed ? is it the red ?
the white ? the half white ? the rofe coloured ? the
flefh coloured ? or the brown ?
II.
What are the average prices of the different forts of
coral ? III.
Where is the produce of this fifhery moftly fold? IV. To

£ 326 J
IV.
To what parts of the world are the divers forts of
coral fent ? V.
What ufes are made, of coral according to the
colour ? VI.
Does the price of coral rife or fall ? and which is
the beft market for wrought coral ?
Encouragement ofthe Coral Fifhery.

Does the coral fifhery annually increafe or decreafe ?
and why fo ? II.
How does government encourage the coral fifhery ?
are the boats entitled to a bounty ? how much is it ?
and upon what conditions granted ?
III.
4Iave the ^ coral ¦fifhers an exclnfive privilege ? or
is the fifhery free ? IV.
By what nations is this rivalled in the coral fifhery ?
and how many boats does each nation fend annually
to the fifhery on an average ? V. What

[ 327 3
V.
What nation fifties the greateft quantity ? and^
what is the caufe of it ?
Profit of the Coral Fifhery to the State.
i.
How many men of all defcriptions live by the
fifhery ? and manufaftory of coral ?
II.
What does the coral fifhery annually render to
the government on an average ?

SECT.

[ 328 ]

SECT. XXI.

CONSTRUCTION of MERCHANTMEN.
Extent of Ship-Building — Naval Stores, and
their Prices — Qualities of the ConflruBion —
Its Prices — Profit of Ship-Building to the
Country.

Extent of Ship-Building. i.
JTIOW many merchantmen are annually built in
each of the different dock-yards on an average ?
II.
Which dock-yards are the moft famous for building
good fhips ? III.
Where are moftly fhips of great burthen ? and in
what places are finall veffels built ? IV. Is

[ 329 ]
IV.
Is it ufual to build veffels for foreign nations ? in
what dock-yards ? for what nations ? and of what
bignefs ? V.
How many annually for each nation on an average ?
VI.
Do the merchants of this country order veffels to be
built for them in foreign countries ? in what dock
yards ? of what burthen ? at how much per ton ?
VII.
How many fhips ? and how much tonnage is
reckoned to belong to the traders of this nation ?
VIII.
How was it thefe laft five ? ten ? and twenty years ?
IX.
How many veffels out of the faid number may be
reckoned to be built in the country ?
X.
Does fhip-building feem to increafe or decreafe ?
in what proportion ? and what is reckoned to contri
bute to it ? U u Naval

[ 330 ]
Naval Stores and their Prices.

Where does timber for fhip-building come from ?
and at what price ? II.
Where are the mafts brought from ? and what are
the different prices of them ?
III.
Ditto planks ? and at what price ?
IV.
Ditto hemp ? cables ? and cordage ? and ditto ?
V.
Ditto fail-cloth ? and ditto ?
VI.
Ditto tar and pitch ? and ditto ?
VII.
Ditto iron ? nails ? and ditto ?
VIII.
Ditto ordnance ? brafs guns ? iron guns ? and ditto?
IX.
Ditto fire-arms ? and ditto i X. Ditto

[ 33* 1
X.
Ditto gunpowder ? and ditto ?
XI.
Ditto balls ? and ditto ?
XII.
Ditto falted meat ? and ditto ?
XIII.
Ditto bifcuit ? and ditto ?
XIV.
Ditto nautical inftruments ?
Qualities of the ConfiruBion.
I.
How many fea miles do the beft built fhips fail in
one hour with a fair wind ?
II.
How long does a fhip built in this country laft on
an average ? and what contributes to its durability ? i
III.
Are tbe veffels built in this country calculated for
containing a large cargo of goods ?
U u a IV. Can

r 332 3
IV.
Can they be navigated with few hands ?
V.
Do they carry fail firmly ?
VI.
Do they fteer well ? VII.
Do they drive little to leeward ?
VIII.
Do they fuftain the fhock of the fea without being
violently ftrained ? IX.
Or which of thofe good qualities are wanting to
them ?
N. B. For the reft, fee Construction of Men
of War.
Calculation of the Price.
i.
How much is the loweft? middling? and higheft
price of the different dock-yards per ton ?
II.
Of how many tons burthen are the fhips commonly ?
which is the greateft number of tons for the mer
chantmen ? Profit

_ 333 3
Profit of Ship-Building to the
Country.

How many people of different trades are annually
employed in building ? and fitting out fhips ?
II.
What fum may the annual profit of fhip-building
to the country be valued at ?

SECT.

[ 334 ]
SECT. XXII.
LAWS and ADMINISTRATION
OF CIVIL JUSTICE.
Hifiorical Account of the Legifiature — Rights of
of the Natives — Relation of the Mafler and
Servant — Of Hufband and Wife — Of Parent
and Child — Of Guardian and Ward — Feudal
Syfiem — Contrails — Self-Defence — Injuries to
real and perfonal Property — Courts of Law —
Lawyers — Proceeding of Jufiice— Regulations
concerning the Adminijtration of Civil Jufiice —
Reward Laws.

Hifiorical Account of the Legifiature.
I.
Jj Y what kind of laws has this nation been »o-
verned in the earlieft times of its civilization ? what
changes has legifiature undergone in the fucceeding
periods ? II. By

C 335 ]
II.
By what laws is the nation governed now in
civil matters ? are there ftill any remains of the an
cient Roman law ? is the national law moftly written,
or unwritten ? and how is it divided ?

Rights of the Natives.
i.
What rights and privileges are peculiar to the na
tives of the country with regard to perfonal fecurity ?
locomotive liberty ? and property ?
II.
In what time ? and by what means have they been
obtained ? III.
Are they founded upon a folid bafis ? or do they
depend on the will of the fovereign ?

Relation of the Mafier and Servant.
i.
Has pure and proper flavery, I mean a matter's
unlimited power over the life and fortune of his flave,
ever exifted in this country ? and what year was it
abolifhed ? II. What

C 336 ]
II.
What laws are there for regulating the differences
that may arife between a mafter and his menial fer
vant ? or vice verfa 9 III.
Is it alfo ufual here, that all fingle men and all
fingle women, not having any vifible livelihood, are
compelled by the magiftrate to go out to fervice for
the promotion of honeft induftry ?
IV.
What provifions have been made for fettling the
differences between mafters and apprentices ? or vice
vetfa ? V.
Wliat have the ftatutes directed concerning la
bourers hired by the day, or the week ? are all per
fons without vifible effefts compelled to work ? how
many hours muft they continue at work in fummer ?
and in winter ? VI.
How are their wages fettled ? and what penalties
are inflicted on fuch as either give ? or exaft more
wages then are fo fettled ?
VII.
What regulations are there to determine the mutual
obligations between ftewards, faftors, bailiffs, and
tlieir mafters, or employers ? VIII. How

C 337 ]
VIII.
How may a mafter behave towards others on behalf
of his fervant ? and what may a fervant do on behalf
of his mafter ? IX.
In what cafes is the mafter refponfible for what a
fervant does in the ordinary courfe of his employment ?
or for his theft ? X.
By what means is mifbehaviour and infidelity pre-*
vented in fervants? what is to be obferved concerning
giving characters to fervants ?
XI.
How is the obftrufting of a fervant's advancement
prevented by the law ? XII.
¦ How far is a mafter of a family obliged to reftraia
vice among his domefticks by due difcipline ?
Of Hufband and Wife.
i.
What degrees of confanguinity or affinity impeach)
marriage ? II.
How far is precontract an impediment to marriage ?
X x IH. What

t 338 3
in.
What are the legal incapacities i
IV.
What is the legal age in a male ? and in a female)
for marriage ? V.
What is required to the validity of a marriage in
general ? and how far is the publication of banns, and
the confent of parents or guardians neceffary ?
VI.
What are the caufes of total divorce ? and what
effectuates a feparation from bed and board ?
VII.
What becomes of the fortune of a woman, who is
feparated from bed and board ?
VIII.
In what cafes does the law allow alimoney to the
divorced wife ? IX.
What are the legal confequences of marriage ?
X.
What kind of debts is the hufband obliged to pay
for his wife ? and in what cafe ?

XI. Ta

[ 339 ]
XI.
To whom belongs the wife's fortune after death ?
what can the bequeath ? XII.
What kind of correction do the laws of this country
permit the hufband to give to his wife ?
Of Parent and Child,
i.
Wherein do the duties of parents to legitimate
children confift i II.
What reafons juftify the difinherifon of children
according to the civil law of this country ?
III.
How is the parent obliged by the law to provide
maintenance for his legitimate child ?
IV.
How is the ftep-father or ftep-mother obliged by
the law to provide for their ftep-fons and ftep-
danghters ? V.
How far do the laws compel a father to maintain
his idle and lazy children i
Xxv VI, Does

[ 340 ]
VI.
Does the change of religion in children make an
alteration with regard to the parents obligation of
maintaining them ? VII.
How is the fortune of a deceafed parent commonly
divided among the children, if the parent dies intef-
tate ? and does the diftributjon depend wholly on the
teftament of the parent ? VIII.
Do the municipal laws of this country conftrain
the parent to beftow a proper education upon his
children ?
IX.
Is it ufual in this country to take children of the
poor and laborious part of the community out of the
hands of their parents, when paft the age of nurture,
for apprenticing them ? X.
What power has the father over his children ? what
power the mother ? are they diftinct ?
xr.
At what age does the legal power of a father or a
guardian over the perfon of a male ? and female child
ceafe ? XII. What

_ 34* 3
XII.
What is ordained concerning the profits a father is
entitled to during the child's minority ?
XIII.
What laws are there with regard to fpurious chil
dren ? how does the law proceed againft a parent, if
unwilling to provide for the maintenance and educa
tion of his baftard child ?XIV.
In what confift the duties of children to their pa
rents ? how far are they obliged by law to fupport
thein, in cafe they ftand in need of affiftance ?
XV.
How far are children obliged by law to fupport their
grandfather or grandmother, if their affiftance is
wanted ? XVI.
In what confift the duties of fpurious children to
their parents ? XVII.
What is required to legitimate a baftard t
XVIII.
Are widows reftrained from marriage after the
death of their hufbands for any given time i

XIX. Have

[ 342 ]
XIX.
Have baftard children any peculiar claims or pri
vileges ?
XX.
What laws exift refpefting baftard children ?
Of Guardian and Ward.
i.
What is obfervable concerning the different claffes
of tutors and guardians ? and the manner of appoint
ing them J II.
In what cafes may a mother be appointed to be a
guardian of her male and female children ?
III.
How far does the power and reciprocal duly of a
guardian extend ? IV.
What court is appointed, under whofe direction
guardians are obliged to aft, and to account annually ?
and who is the general and fupreme guardian of all
infants ? ideots ? and lunaticks ?
V.
Are there laws to prevent the impofitions and other
afts of injuftice of the guardians ? VI. At

t 343 3
VI.
At What an age may a male contract marriage 1
make histeftament of his perfonal eftate ? be an exe
cutor ? alienate his lands? goods ? chattels ? &c.
VII.
At what age is a female at maturity for contracting
marriage ? to be entitled to dower ? bequeath her
perfonal eftate J be executrix ? or difpofe of herfelf
and her lands ? VIII.
Wherein do the different privileges and difabilities
of children confift ? IX.
By what means can an infant bring a fraudulent
guardian to account ? X.
At what an age may an infant be capitally punifhed
for any capital offence ? XI.
What privilege has an infant with regard to eftates 1
and civil property ?
Feudal Syfiem.
i.
Are there ftill any remains of feudal fyftem in this
country ? wherein do they confift ? H. What

t 344 3
II.
What kind of feuds are preferved in thjs country to
the prefent moment ? by whom are thefe feuds given i
III.
What are the ftipends ? and what fervices is the
poffeffor obliged to do ? IV.
For what a length of time are they given ? and
fthat is befides remarkable with regard to feuds ?
ContraBs. I.
What regulations are there with regard to requifi-
tions of property of a thing for ready money ?
II.
What is to be obferved concerning buying on
credit ? III.
What is remarkable with regard to buying on
delivery ? IV.
What do the laws of this country ordain, with re
gard to transferring of the property of goods from
one to another upon valuable coRfideration ? V. What

[ 345 3
V.
What circumftances jn buying and felling, bearan
action? VI.
What do the laws determine concerning exchanges ?
VII.
What refpefting donations ?
VIII.
What with regard to leafes ? and other different
fpecies of contracts 1
Self-Defence. i.
How far does the defence of one's felf, or the mu
tual and reciprocal defence of fuch, as Hand in the
relations of hufband and -wife ? parent and child ?
mafter and fervant, extend ?
II.
Which are the bounds of recaption or reprifal ?
III.
In what cafes is an entry on lands permitted ?
IV,
What is permitted or forbidden with regard toiljfi
removal of nuifanees ?
Y y V. In

C" 346 3
v.
In what circumftances does the law allow a man to
adminifter redrefs to himfelf by diftraining cattle or
goods, from non-payment of rent, or other duties ?
VI.
What things may be diftrained ? and what is to be
obferved concerning the manner of taking ? difpofing
of ? and avoiding diftreffes ?
VII.
What is remarkable in the laws of this country
concerning the fatisfaftion of both parties by accord ?
and by arbitration?
Injuries to real and perfonal Property.
1.
What is remarkable in the laws of this country con
cerning injuries to perfonal property ?
II.
How are the refpeftive debtors compelled to pay
their debts ? and what is the confequence of refufal
and inability? III.
What is obferved concerning injuries to real pro
perty ? Courts

E 347 3
Courts of Law.
i.
What courts of law have been appointed for the
fpeedy, univerfal, and impartial adminiftration of
jufiice between fubjeft and fubjeft ? and of what ex
tent is their refpeftive jurifdiftion ?
II.
Is any court eftablifhed to decide the differences
arifing between the fubjeft and the prince ? and what
laws are there to prevent the fubjeft from being
wronged? III.
Of how many individuals is each court of law
generally compofed ? IV.
Are the judges rather numerous ? or few ? that the
conduft of each may be more confpicuous to public
obfervation ? V.
Are the falaries of the judges fo liberal, as to fecure
their integrity from the temptation of fecret bribes ?
VI. %
What vacations take place in the courts of law ?
and how many holidays may be reckoned annually,
when no bufinefs at all can be tranfafted ?
Y y 2 VII. Are

[ 34» ]
VII.
Are the courts of law public and open to the peo
ple in general )
Lawyers. I.
In how many claffes are the lawyers or attornies for
carrying on fuits at law divided ?
II.
How many in each clafs ? are they numerous in
prop6rtion to the "flumber of citizens > and may not
their number be prefumed to occafion quarrels and
law-fuits ? III.
Is an employment of a lawyer honourable ? and
does it lead to the firft places in the adminiftration ? or
are the lawyers confined to their profeffion as fuch ?
IV.
What are the neceffary qualifications for a candidate
for this profeffion ? V.
How are the mifdemeanors of lawyers prevented ?
and punifhed ? VI.
Are lawyers appointed by government to defend
the law-fuits of the poor ? and what is to be obferved
concerning this humane inftitution ? Proceeding

_ 349 3
Proceeding of fufiice.

Is the proceeding at law reckoned to be fimple ? or
complicated? to what degree ?
II.
How is a civil procefs in this country commenced ?
is the perfon againft whom an action is brought, feized
by public authority ? or muft he give fecurity ? or is
the party fummoned to appear before the court fome
time before hand ? III.
In what cafes is the plaintiff obliged to appear?
IV.
Wherein do the proceedings from the original writ
to the end confift ? and what regulations concerning
them are worthy particular notice ?
V.
What time is affigned to defendants to plead to the
complaints alleged againft them ? and what^ length
of time is required, that the default of pleading may
be taken for a confeffion of the charge ? VI. In

[ 35° ]
VI.
In what cafes is the party permitted to appeal ? and
what is further remarkable concerning appeals in civil
matters ? VII.
What is to be obferved concerning the execution of
the fentence of the law ? how conducted ? is it fo as
to have good effefts on the minds of the people ? or
otherwife ?
Regulations concerning the Admini-
Jlration of Civil Jufiice.
i.
Has government fixed the utmoft duration of law-
fuits ? and in what manner ?
II.
Have any laws been made to leffen the number of
law-fuits ? III.
Wliat laws are there to abridge fuch law-fuits as
cannot be avoided ? IV.
What laws to diminifh the expences occafioned by
going to law ?

V. What

C 35* 3
V.
What laws to prevent the chicanes of the lawyers ?
VI.
What laws to render the method of proceeding
more conformable to natural juftice ? and to proteft
the poor againft the covetoufiiefs and oppreffion of the
rich?
Reward Laws.

Are there laws which promife rewards ? what are
they ? and what rewards are to be expefted from
the law ?

SECT

[ 352 ]
SECT. XXIII.
LAWS and ADMINISTRATION
OF CRIMINAL JUSTICE.
Criminal Laws — Magiftrate — On Criminal Pro-
fecution and Capture — Trial — Witneffes- — Oath
— Torture — Excufe — Appealing — Sentence —
Execution — Secret Accuftng — Crimes and Pu-
tiifkments — Afylums — Banijhment — Prifons —
Wife Regulations of preventive Juftice — Obfer
vations on the Utility ofthe Philanthropic
Society, inflituted at London, 1788, for the
Prevention of Crimes, and for a Reform among
the Poor : To which is annexed the Plan ofthe
Infiitution.

Criminal Laws.
1.
XT-RE the laws written in the vulgar language of the
country ? and are they adapted to the comprehenfion
of the public in general ?
II.
" Doe's 'the government take due care to extend
fufficiently the knowledge of the laws amongft the
, common

[ 353 J
common people, that every body may be informed
what effeft each aftion may have on his perfon and
liberty ? Magifirate. I.
Does the authority of a judge extend itfelf further
than to decide the queftion, whether the aftion be
againft the written laws, or not ?
II.
Is the magiftrate empowered to inflift punifhments
that are not ordered by the laws ?
III.
Is it in his power to increafe the punifhments pre-
fcribed by the laws ?
On Criminal Profeeution and Capture.
i.
What rights and privileges have the natives of this
country with regard to imprifonment for criminal
matters ? II.
How far muft evidence be probable in order to
feize and imprifon a commoner ?
Z z HI. How

[ 354 3
III.
How is it with regard to a nobleman ?
IV.
Can a powerful man imprifon a mean perfon with
out alleging feme legal caufe, and without bringing
that caufe to a judicial hearing ?
Trial. I.
What formalities muft be obferved at the trial of a
commoner ? II.
What formalities with regard to a nobleman ?
III.
What is to be obferved at the examen ?
IV.
Are criminals tried publickly, or privately ?
V.
Muft the accufer or witnefs appear face to face in
open court ? or how is it ?

Witneffes.

I.
What are the proper requilites for- being a witnefs ?
II. Are

[ 355 ]
II.
Are women ? condemned criminals ? and perfons
noted for infamy, admitted to give evidence againft a
perfon ? III.
What conditions of men are abfolutely incapable
of being witneffes ? IV.
How many witneffes are required to conftitute a
proof ? V.
Are falfe witneffes common ?
VI.
How are they punifhed, if difcovered ?
Oath. I.
Is it ufual to admit accufed perfons to an oath ! in
what cafes ? II.
What kind of crimes admit juftification by an oath ?
Torture. I.
When has putting criminals to the torture been
abolifhed ? or are there ftill fome fpecies of torture
in ufe ? what are they ?
Z z 2 II, How

C 35& 3
II.
How are they performed ?
III.
In what cafes is ufe made of them i
IV.
How long does each torture laft ?
V.
What evidence is required in order to apply the
torture ? VI.
Is this cruel practice often employed ?
VII.
What kind of perfons are exempted from the tor
ture ?

Excufe.

I.
What means are afforded to a criminal to juftify
himfelf, if he can ? II.
How much time do the laws allow to an acculed
perfon to defend himfelf ? Appealing.

C 357 3
Appealing. i.
Is appeal from ah inferior judge to a fuperior ufual
in tills country ? and in what cafes ?
II.
What is to be obferved in the removal ofthe caufe ?
Sentence. I.
What is requifite to fentence a criminal to die ?
II.
Muft the fentence of death be figned by the-
fovereign ? HI.
Is the fovereign empowered to take away a man's
life without a previous trial ?
IV.
Is it ufual to publifh the fentences as> well as the
proofs of the crime, in order to reftrain the force of*
the powerful, and the malevolence of the magiftrate
by the p_b_e opinion i Execution.

t 358 3
Execution. 1.
What is to be obferved with regard to executions ?
II.
Are all the criminals publickly executed ? or in
what cafes are they put to death privately ?
III.
What power can fave the life of a criminal fen-
tenced to die ?

Secret Accufing.

1.
Are fecret accufations permitted by the law ? in
what cafes ? II.
How is the accufed perfon then tried ?
III.
What proof is required ?
Crimes and Punifhments.
1.
Are the criminal laws reputed to be mild, or
fcvere ? and what effect does their mildnefs or feverity
produce ? II. What

[ 359 3
II.
What fort of crimes are the moft common in thi_
country ? and what can be the reafon of their fre
quency ? III.
What remedies does the government make ufe of
to difcover the retreat of the criminal ?
IV.
Does the government promife a price for bringing
the head of a notorious criminal, who is not eafily to
be taken ? V.
Does government promife impunity to thofe crimi
nals who betray their accomplices ?
VI.
Does the punifhment follow quickly on the crime ?
or is the adminiftration of juftice very flow ?
VII.
Is every body punifhed without regard to his rank ?
or is it eafy to efcape the rigour of the laws by
bribing the judges ! VIII.
Is not a judge convifted of bribery, more feverely
punifhed than a common thief ? IX. Are

C 3&» 3
IX.
Are not accomplices of a crime punifhed with lefs
rigour than the perfon who executed the crime ?
X.
Are the punrfhments exaftly proportioned to the
aftual degree of civihzation of the nation ? and
wherein do they confift ?

AfylumSi

I.
Are there places independent of the laws where
criminals might fcreen themfelves againft the purfuit
of juftice ? and what are they ?
II.
What crimes enjoy the benefit of afylums ?
III.
Do foreign criminals find an afylum in this country?

Banifhment.

i.
Is it ufual to banifh criminals ? and for what fort
of crimes ? II.
To what places are they fent ? III. For

[ 36*1 3
ILL
•For how many years? IV.
What is the employment of the banifhed'?
V.
Is this punifhment very much feared ?
VI.
To how many can the number of the exiled cri
minals annually amount ?

Prifons*

i.
Are the prifons clean ? clear ? dry ? airy ? whole
fome ? fupplied duly with water ? and only calculated
for the cuftody of the prifoner, without imbittering
their confinement with the ufual horrors of prifons ?
II.
What particular care is taken to preferve the falu-
brity of the prifons ? and the health of the prifoners ?
III.
Are men, and women ? young beginners-, and old
offenders ? felons, and debtors, confined feparately ?
and what difference is made in keeping them ?
3 A 3V. How

[ 362 }
IV.
How are the prifoners fed i
V.
How are they clothed i VI.
How are their beds ? VII.
How are they obliged to employ their time ufefully ?
VIII.
What care is taken of the prifoners when they are
fick? IX.
What diftempers are peculiar to the prifoners ? how
are they prevented ? how cured ?
X.
What means are made ufe of to effectuate a favour-
able change in the morals of the vicious ?
XI.
What judicious and humane regulations are there
with regard to prifons, which deferve to be adopted
by other nations? XII. In

C 363 3
XII.
In what place are the ftate prifoners confined i and
what is remarkable concerning their cuftody ?
N. B. For a general folution of thefe queftions, we
cannot better refer than to the philanthropic Mr.
Howard, who being univerfally admired in Great-
Britain, and almoft adored on the Continent, can re.
ceive no additional honour by encomium.
Wife Regulations.

What wife and equitable laws worthy imitation can
this country boaft of with regard to the adminiftration
of criminal juftice ? II.
What errors and imperfections can the criminal
laws ? and the adminiftration of juftice, be reproached
with ? III.
By what means does government prevent all forts
of crimes, as far as the frailties of human nature
will admit of it ? IV.
Has it not been alfo obferved in this country, that
criminals are moftly bachelors ? and would not crimes
be greatly leffened by encouraging people to marry

?
3 As V. What

[ 364 1
v.
What pains does government take to make a good?
citizen of a criminal ? and what effeft has thi.
Chriftian and patriotic praftice ?

Obfervations on the Utility of the
Philanthropic Society of London.
I cannot here forbear mentioning a plan for this
purpofe, publifhed by the patriotic and humane
Mr. Young, founder ofthe Philanthropic Society in
London, in the year 1788.
England has always, and far more of late years,
been the objeft of reproach through all Europe, for
the feverity, multiplicity, and inefficacy of her crimi
nal and penal laws. The punifhment with death
feems hitherto to have produced an effeft totally con
trary to that which was intended ; and the progrefs of
vice has been only marked, and not arretted by accu
mulated executions : but this plan feems tofirike at the
root of vice itfelf, and takes away, at the fame time,
the only excufe which violence can fuggeft ; I mean,
that of preffing neceffity. The extent and magnitude
of this plan, unparalleled in its utility, ought, and will,
doubtlefs,

[ 3^5 3
doubtlefs, find innumerable fupporters among people
of all ranks, particularly when they are reminded
that, that oppreflive and ill-levied tax, called the
Poor's Rate, mufi be greatly reduced, as the origin of
it, indolence and vice, is gradually fuppreffed.
This Society was eftablifhed in September 1788, and
as the general outlines alleged in it muft be much
more perfuafive and convincing than any thing which
I could urge in fupport of it, I have taken the liberty
of including it in my work, not doubting but that it
will prove of the utmoft utility in the country for
which it was intended, as well as a general im
provement, if adopted, in the police of all Europe.
1 To which extension of it, as well as to its fupport ia
this country, my utmoft endeavours fhall be exerted.
THE
PHILANTHROPIC SOCIETY,
Inftituted September 1788,
For the Prevention of Crimes, and for a Reform
among ihe Poor; by feeking out, and, as Orphan*,,
training up to Virtue and Ufefulnefs in Life, the
Children of Vagrants and Criminals, and fuch who
are in the Paths of Vice and Infamy : by this Means.
to fa\e them from Ruin, and prevent their be- o
coimng injurious to Society.
PRESIDENT.
His Grace the Duke of Leeds. VICE-

[ 366 J
VICE-PRESIDENTS.
Right Honourable Earl of Aylesford.
Right Honourable Viscount Bulkeley.
Right Honourable Viscount Cremorne.
Honourable Philip Pusey.
Alderman Sir James Sanderson.
George Hardinge, Efq. M. P.
Lieut. Gen. Rainsford.
James Sims, M. D.
INTENDANT and TREASURER.
Robert Young, Efq.
COMMITTEE.
James Arbouin, Efq. Mark-Lane.
Mr. George Adams, Fleet-Street.
William Ayton, Jun. Efq. Old-Jewry.
Mr. Henry Adams, Lincoln's-Inn.
George Boscawen, Efq.
William Cruikshank, Efq. Leiceftcr-Square.
Mr. Thomas Spence Duche, Sloane- Street.
Mr. William Hunt, Old-Jewry.
Rev. Dr. Jackson, Somerfet-Street, Portman- Square.
Newman Kxowlys, Efq. Temple.
Thomas Lashley, Efq. Charlotte-Street, Bloomfbury.
Jos. Jones Pritchard, Efq. of Doclors-Commons.
Charles Shuter, Efq. Cmftor-StrccL.
Thomas Young, Efq. Coleman- Street. To

[ 3«7 _
To the P U B L I C.

N

I OTWITHSTANDING that great fums are an
nually expended in this country for the fervice of the
Poor, it is a melancholy faft that much want and mi
fery ftill exift. And although the neceffary feverity of
the laws and the frequency of punifhments are fubjefts
of general regret, vices and crimes continue to pre
vail, and even increafe in an enormous degree.
The depravity found in human nature muft give
pain to a benevolent mind ; and every friend to order
and public good fees with concern the daily outrages
and indecencies of thofe who are abandoned to profli
gacy and vice. The exiftence of thefe evils proves
the ineflicacy of all the means which have hitherto
been attempted for their remedy ; and points out the
neceffity of trying other meafures altogether of a dif
ferent kind.
A remedy is wanting, that fhall aid and co-operate
with the law, prevent the growth of evil, and fnatch
the innocent from deftruftion ; that fhall deprive the
wicked of fucceffors, the jails of inhabitants, juftice
of its victims ; and by all thefe means, add citizens
to fociety.
Long experience has fhewn that punifhments cannot
fubdue vicious propenfities deeply rooted in the mind ;
and

[ 368 3
and that the characters of men commonly depend on
the impreffions they receive in early life. The com
bined forces of HABIT, EXAMPLE, and NECES
SITY, drag on to their ruin thofe who are once en
tangled in the fnares of the wicked ; and were juftice
to be armed with additional terrors, it would ftill be
unable to flop the torrent of corruption, impelled by
fo many and powerful caufes. Increafed feverity
would but make men more artful and more defperate,
would occafion new devices and new crimes to aflilt
or to conceal the old.
There is but one remedy for thefe evils within our
power ; this is by training up to Virtue and Induftry
the children ofthe worft and moft atrocious among the va
grant and profligate poor ; thofe children, who, in
their prefent condition, are deftined to fucceed to the
hereditary vices of their parents, and become the
next race of beggars and thieves.
In general, the children of the notorioufly wicked
have been involved in the odium of their parents
guilt : and the opportunity of training them up, in
their younger days, to ufeful purpofes in life, hath
been irremediably neglected, greatly to the prejudice
of fociety, and to the utter ruin of themfelves. It is
the peculiar diftinftion of this Inftitution, Xofetk in
fants in the miferies of vice and iniquity ; in order to
train up thefe embryo robbers and nuifances, to ufeful
purpofes in life ; and thus to draw riches and ftrength to

[ 369 ]
to the ftate, even from fources of impoverifhment
and decay.
The advantages attending well-governed eftablifli
ments for children are univerfally admitted ; and the
fame means applied to an extent that fhall compre
hend the whole of the evil in queftion, muft operate
direftly, mildly, but effectually* to its entire removal.
On thefe principles, fanftioned by the experience of
ages, the prefent Plan is formed, with a view to era
dicate Vice and Mifery in the community j to a degtee
that has been thought unattainable.
The children are received, unlefs under peculiar
circumftances, only from feven to fourteen years
of age» and kept conftantly trained to habits of
induftry. At a proper age they are bound apprentice j in
which, regard is had to their talents and deferts.
A fcrupulous attention is paid to the characters
of all perfons concerned in the care of the Society's
Wards. Each is required to keep an account of the conduft .
of thofe under their charge, in order, by a due dis
tribution of rewards and punifhments, to check vici
ous propenfities, and cultivate good difpofitions.
3B The

[ 370 ]
The ereftion of an edifice, and all unneceffary ex
pences for magnificence, will be avoided; and the
whole of the fupplies employed on purpofes of imme
diate utility.
The Society is prepared, by ftrenuous and unre
mitted exertions, to purfue the attainment of its objeft
to fuch an extent as its fund will permit ; and to the
fame extent the public cannot fail to reap the benefit
of its labours ; the grand mafs of Poverty, Vice, and
pifeafe, will be diminifhed, and their fources ex-
haufted. The effeft of this will extend to the reduc
tion of every fpecies of public burthen, which poverty
and vice induce ; poor rates, hofpitals, and prifons ;
and to the reltoration of peace, good order, and per
fonal fecurity. To this it muft be added, that the
individuals adopted by the Society will be faved from
inevitable ruin, from crimes and punifhments, from
mifery and difeafe.
There are at prefent * under the Society's care, and
engaged in learning ufeful employments, near forty
children, who a fhort time fince were fubfifting by
public plunder.
Some of their parents are convifts of various de-
fcriptions, and others are living in the moft abandoned
ftate of wretchednefs and infamy. Almoft naked,
* June 1789. and

[ 37i ]
and heirs, alike, to mifery and vice, their own
wretchednefs already equalled their parents depravity.
More will continually be felefted, as the benevo
lence of the public fhall fupply the means of their
immediate fupport ; and their numbers bearing always
a due proportion to the ftate of the funds, will be the
moft certain teftimony of the faithful appropriation of
the public bounty.
Subscriptions for the Undertaking of this Society
will be received by
Baron Dimsdale, Sons, Barnard, and Sta
ples, Cornhill.
Sir Robert Herries and Co. St. Jameses-Street .
Sir James Esdaile, Esdaile, Hammet, and
Esdaile, Lombard-Street.
Meffrs. Boldero, Adey, Lushington, and
Boldero, Cornhill.
Meffrs. Thomas Coutts and Co. Strand.
Meffrs. Dorrien, Mello, and Martin, Finch.
Lane. Robert Young, Efq. Intendant and Treafurer,
Warwick-Court, Holborn.
And by all the Gentlemen of the Committee, who
meet on the firft Friday in every month, at feven
o'clock in the evening, at the Paul's Coffee
house, St. Paul's Church-Yard; where, alfo, Sub
scriptions will be received. 3B2 At

C 372 3
At this period there are 250 fubfcribers of various
fum3, from one to an hundred guineas, and among
them appear numbers of the principal nobility, and
charafters moft eminent for learning, talents, and
virtue in England j and alfo feveral foreigners and
perfons refident abroad.
Thrice happy the country which can boaft of a
Howard, a Young, a Hawes, a Shipley, and
an endlefs feries of exalted men, whofe names de
ferve to be honourably handed down to a grateful
pofterity.

SECT.

[ 373 3
SECT. XXIV.
POLICE.
Prefervation ofthe Lives and Property qf the Inhabitants
— College of Health — Provifions concerning Dead Bodies
and Burials — Provifions to prevent SicAneffes and Death,
from unwholefome Food and other Accidents — Means for
preventing the DefiruBion of Morals — Regulations for
maintaining the Public Peace — Manner offecuring the
Honour and Reputation of the Inhabitants — Provifion
againft the Dangers of fire — Lamps — ViBualling ofthe
Markets, and preventing Impofitions — Cleanlincfs ofthe
Town — Means of rendering the Town pleafant, and
allraBing Foreigners.  To which is annexed, a Table
qf Market Prices, with the annual Confumption qf the
Capital, Duties qf Importation on the Neceffaries qf
Life, and of the Places where each Article is brought
from, &c. &c. — Ditto qf Houfe- keeping Expences in the
Capital.

Prefervation ofthe Lives and Property
of the Inhabitants. i.
WHAT care does the police take for the fafety
of the lives ? and property of the inhabitants ? how is
the capital guarded i II. Are

[ 374 J
II.
Are the crimes eafily difcovered by the watchfulnefs
of the police ? and in what manner ?
III.
Is the fafety of the lives, and property of the inha
bitants endangered by afylums? or have they been
entirely aboliflied ? or for what cafes are they ftill
preferved? — See Laws and Administration of
Criminal Justice.

College of Health.
i.
Is there a college of health eftablifhed in the capital ?
does it prefcribe wife regulations for preferving the
lives and health of the inhabitants, and inquire after
foreign phyfical inftitutions applicable to the country ?
II.
Which are the moft ufeful regulations made by the
faid college ? III.
Which of them are ftill little known in foreign
countries, though applicable to them ?
IV.
Is the town plentifully provided with able phyfi-
cians ? furgeons ? midwifery praftitioncrs ? and what
ufeful

t 375 3
ufeful regulations are there with regard to apothe
caries ?

Provifions of the College of Health
concerning Dead Bodies and Burials.
I.
What is ufual to prevent feemingly dead bodies
from being buried alive ? II.
How many days are perfons, that feem to be dead,
expofed, before they are buried ?
III.
Is the method of burning dead perfons foles with
red hot iron before the burial, in order to fee whetlier
they are dead or not, received in this country ?
IV.
Is it not ufual to infpeft the dead bodies in the
prefence of a phyfician and a furgeon ? and do they
give a teftimony to the curate concerning the kind of
malady of the deceafed ? V.
Are all dead bodies buried out of town ? at what
depth ? VI. Are

[ 376 ]
VI.
Are dead animals immediately tranfported out of
the town ?
Provifions to prevent Sicknefs and
Death, from unwholefome Food or
other Accidents. i.
Is it ufual to vifit all forts of cattle before they are
killed, in order to prevent many infeftions occafioned
by eating the meat of unhealthy cattle ?
II.
Is it ftriftly forbidden to fell poultry that has died
a natural death ? ftinking venifon ? dead fifh ? unripe
fruit ? and any thing in general, that may impair or
endanger the health of the inhabitants ?
III.
Is it permitted to weigh greens or fruit in copper
icales ? or muft they be of iron ?
IV.
Are the kettles and copper vafes in eating-houfes
fometimes vifited by the police, in order to fee whether
they are well tinned ? or not ? V. Is

[ 377 3
V.
Is it rigoroufly prohibited to fell any fort of poifon
whatfoever, unlefs to people who cannot be fufpefted ?
VI.
How are the dogs prevented from becoming mad by
thirft ? is there a law, as in fome Italian towns, which
obliges the green-grocers to have a tub of water
ftanding at their fhop-doors for the ufe of thirfty dogs ?
Means for preventing the DefiruBion
qf Morals. I.
How far does the police extend its attention for pre
venting the deftruftion of the morals of its inhabi
tants ; ii.
How is an open irreverence to the Supreme Being,
or inveftives againft the eftablifhed religion, pre
vented ? and decency with regard to religious cere
monies maintained ? III.
How far is the liberty of the prefs reftrained with
regard to immoral, irreligious, and fcandalous publi
cations, prints, Sec. Sec. and how is the importation
of dangerous books hindered ?
3 C IV. Does

[ 378 ]
IV.
Does the police watch for the obfervance of the
Sundays ? or is there little difference between a holy-
day and a working-day with regard to buying and
felling, &c. V.
Are houfes of ill fame entirely prohibited or tole
rated, or under proper regulations ? what are they ?
VI.
How are games of chance prevented ?
VII.
What care is taken to fupprefs fuperftitious prac
tices ? VIII.
Does the police keep a watchful eye with regard f>
public houfes, in order to prevent drunkennefs,
quarrels, and other irregularities ?
Regulations for maintaining the Public
Peace. I.
What offences are reckoned to be againft the
public peace ? by what regulations is each ofthe faid
offences prevented ? and how are the tranfgreffors of
the law punifhed ? II. What

[ 379 3
II.
What is mentioned in the laws of this country con
cerning riotous affembliesr how are they fuppreffed ?
and what infliction impofed on the offenders ?
III.
Is going armed permitted to every body, or to
what kind of perfons ? and what forts of arms are
prohibited ? and under what penalties ?
Manner qf fecuring the Honour and
Reputation of the Inhabitants.

How is the honour and reputation of any perfon fe
cured againft the authors of defamatory libels, or
fcandalous prints, or pictures, or ignominious figns,
or unjuft aggreffors ? II
How are the offenders commonly punifhed, accord
ing to the offence ? and their quality ?
Provifion againfl the Dangers of Fire.
i.
What regulations do exift for preventing fires ? is it
ufual to inftruft the mafons, carpenters, bricklayers,
&c. in what they ought to obferve, in order to expofe
buildings lefs to fires ? 3 C a II. What

[ 38o 3
II.
What favourable inflitutions are there for extin
guifhing them fpeedily ? and to proceed without
confufion ? III.
Is it ufual to infure houfes againft the danger of fire ?
and what kind of fire-infurance-offices are there in this
country ? how far do they extend their infurance ?
IV.
What is the premium of common ? and hazardous
infurances ? V.
What is to be obferved at the infuring of houfes ?
and goods ? VI.
What kind of powerful engines are there in this
country, and in ufe for extinguifhing fire ? how are
they eonftrufted ? VII.
What quantity of water do they difcharge at once ?
and to what degree of elevation ?
VIII.
How many people are required to work it ? and
wherein does the management of it confift ?
IX.
Is it a new or old contrivance ? where are models
or prints of this machine to be had ? Lamps.

[ 38* 3
Lamps.

What quantity of lamps is employed for lighting
the ftreets, and rendering them fafe ?
II.
What is the expence of lighting the place ? and
who furnifhes the money for that purpofe ?

ViBualling of the Markets, and pre
venting Impofitions. I.
By what means are the different markets of this
place fufficiently fupplied all the year round ?
II.
What meafures does the police take to prevent the
high price of the neceffaries of life ?
III.
What articles have a fixed price according to the
circumftances ? t
IV.
How are all monopolies prevented ? V. Does

C 38* 3
v.
Does the police furprife the market people from
time to time, and examine their weights and meafures,
as well as their manner of felling i
VI.
How are the tricks of the bakers, corn-dealers,
millers, huckfters, &c. prevented? and punifhed ?

Cleanlinefs of the Town.
1.
By what means is the town conftantly kept clean i
and the air rendered wholefome ?
II.
What care is taken for a commodious and well-
united pavement ? III.
How are the fubterraneous channels for carrying
away the dirt eonftrufted ?
IV.
What attention is paid to the cleanlinefs of the pri
fons, in order to fectire the health of the prifoners,
and of thofe who are obliged to be with them 1 — See
Laws and Administration of Criminal
Justice- V. Does

[ 3«3 3
V.
Does the police alfo vifit the prifons of the clergy,
of the monks, and of fuch focieties, whofe fanaticifm
may prove deftruftive to free-minded individuals ?
VI.
Is the town fufficiently fupplied with water ? and
by what means ? what is remarkable with regard to
the ingenious conveyance ? and the method of clari
fying this ufeful fluid ?
Means of rendering the Town pleafant
and of attraBing Foreigners.
i.
What care does the police take in embellifhing the
town ? in increafing the number of conveniences in it ?
and in rendering it more flourilning by attracting
foreigners ? II.
Does the police excite the inhabitants to ereft public
baths, buildings for amufement ? &c.
III.
Is there plenty of delightful walking places, gar
dens, and fine roads round the town ?
IV.
What kind of innocent and agreeable amufements
are there in the town ? in what ftate is the ftage ? has the

C 384 J
the police a watchful eye upon all kinds of theatrical
performances, that the morals of the inhabitants may
not fuffer by them ? and upon the fafety and good
order in the play-houfes ? V.
What amufements are there befides the above-
mentioned ? VI.
Is there a fufficient quantity of hackney-coaches ?
arm-chairs, barges, faddle-horfes, &c. to be had for
the convenience of the public ? and are their prices
fixed by the police ? VII.
What regulations has the police made in favour of
foreign travellers ? VIII.
How are they fecured againft the impofitions of
landlords ? inn-keepers ? tradefmen ? and other
people ? IX.
Has the police fixed the prices of bed rooms ?
dinners ? fuppers ? fervants ? &c. &c. and how ?

SECT.

A TABLE o
FOOD and NECESSARIES
of Life.

f Market Pi
Loweft, Middling,
and Higheft Price.

HCES, with th
Annual Confump
tion in the Capital.

e Annual C
Places where each
Article is brought
from.

ONSUMPTION «f the CAI
Impofts, Duties, or Annual Confu
Excife paid. ition thefe 5,
20 Years pal

Beef.

Veal.
Mutton.
Pork.
Ham.
"'
Bacon.
"Tal low.
Tallow-Candles.
Wax- Candles.
Soap of different Kinds.
Butter.
Cows Milk.
Cheele.
Eggs-
Goofe.
Duck.
Fowl.
Chicken.
Pigeons.
Turkey.
Rabbit.
Wheat Flower.
Barley Flower.
Rye Flower.
Oats.
Bread of the commonKind
Oil.
Rice.
Beer.
Brandy.
Wines of different Sorts.
Salt.
Coffee.
Sugar.
Tea.
. .,
Coals or Wood.
" —
Snuff.
~"
Tobacco.
iff To face Page 384.
A TABLE of House-Keeper^ Expences in
the Capital.
^Man-servant fValei) annually.  *
A_Groorn_of the Stable,~o~r "CoVchlu-nTdlit^
A Cook, ditto. ~
A Maid Servant, ditto. " '
A Saddle Horfe, ditto.

Two Coach Horfes, ditto.
Firft Floor, ditto.

Preceptor, ditto.

Education of a Child in a Boarding- School, ditto.
Wafhing a Shirt. ~
Ditto a Pair ot Silk Stockings.

Fafhion of a Coat, Waiftcoat, and Breeches.
A Pair of Shoes.

Boots.

A fine Shirt with fine Cambrick Ruffles.
For making only.
A Pair of Thread Stockings.
Phyfician's Vifit.
Bleeding.

Carrying Water.

Hackney-Coach a Day.

One Hour.

Chair, ditto.

Domeftique de louage a Day.

Hair-Dreffer a Month.

Shaving, ditto.

A Journeyman's Wages, per Diem.
A Mafon's, Carpenter's, Smith's, ditto.
Square Foot of Building Ground in the beft Spot.
$T To follow the Table of Market Prices.

[ 385 3
SECT. XXV.
CHARITABLE ESTABLISHMENTS.
Inftitution for recovering Drowned and Strangled Perfons,
and over-laid and fmothered Children — Perfons fmo-
thered by noxious Vapours — and the Frozen — Hofpitals
for the Sick — Lying-in — Foundling — For inoculating
the Small-Pox — For Venereal Difeafes — Mad-Houfes —
Inftitution for reforming Prqftitutes — Marrying Poor
Girls — Relieving the induftrious Poor — Eflablifhment qf
a Public Pawn-OJjice — Workhoufes — Employment for
genteel People who are afhamed of Begging — Provifions
for the difabled Poor— Inflitutions for Orphans— Public
Rewards for humane ABions.

Infiitution for recovering Drowned
Perfons. i.
W HAT care and precaution^ taken to recover
drowned perfons ? II.
How fhould the drowned perfons be tranfported to
the place for recovering, that they may not be hurt
by an awkward manner of carrying them ?
3D HI. What

C 386 3
in.
What remedies are univerfally approved of ? and
what is to be obferved concerning their application ?
IV.
How are people encouraged to fave a drowned per
fon's life, either by fetching him out of the water ? or
by recovering him when already taken out ?
V.
Which is the moft furprizing inftance of a perfon's
having been recovered, with regard to the length of
time he was under water ?
Recovering Strangled Perfons, and over
laid and f mothered Children.
1.
What regulations are made for trying to recover
people who have ftrangled themfelves, and by the lofs
of their fenfes feem to be really dead ?
II.
Which are the beft methods for recovering them ?
III.
What remarkable inftances are there of the fuc-
cefsful effefts of the faid remedies, with regard to the
length of time of the fufpenfion ? IV. How

C 387 3
IV.
How are children recovered who have been over
laid and fmothered by their nurfes ? and is the
Tufcan Arch for preventing this accident known
in this country ?
Recovering Perfons fmothered by noxious
Vapours. 1.
By what kinds of noxious vapours are people
moftly fmothered i II.
Which are the fureft means of recovering them
according to the different caufes of their having been
fmothered ?
N, B. Compare the anfwers with the direBions men-
tionedin page 88.
Recovering Frozen Perfons.
1.
What inftitution is there in favour of frozen people ?
#
II.
How are they treated in ordefto revive them ?
g E> a III. How

E 3«8 3
in.
How muft they be fed when they begin to revive ?
IV.
Which is the moft furprizing inftance of frozen peo
ple having been recovered, with regard to the length
of time they have been expofed to the cold ?
Hofpitals for the Sick.
1.
What kind of hofpitals are there for tick men ?
and women ? II.
How many places are there in each ? and how are
the fick treated ? Hi.
How is a perpetual fund raifed ? do the hofpitals
moftly fubfift by donations? alms^ legacies? fub-
fcriptions ? poor-rates ? or how ?
* IV.
How is the expence of each regulated ? and to what
fum does it annually amount ?
V.
Is the fupreme direction of the hofpitals commonly
committed to humane perfons of difiinBion without
falary ? or to people who are paid, and enrich them
felves very often by the management ? VI. Are

[ 389 J
VI.
Are there any remarkably humane inftitutions with
regard to hofpitals ?' and wherein do they confift ?
VII.
What kind of hofpitals ought to be in the country
villages in preference to towns ?
Lying-in- Hofpitals.
i.
What kind of charities exift for poor pregnant
married women ? are they received at a houfe built on
purpofe for their reception ? or are they brought to
bed by the affiftance of midwives fent to their own
houfes at the expence of the charity ?
II.
Does not the method of fending the midwives to
the houfes of the pregnant women feem to be far pre
ferable to lying-in-hofpitals, the women being enabled
to take care of their families, which they muft negleft
during the time they are in the lying-in-hofpitals ?
in.
By what fund is the eftablifhment ofthe deliverance
of pregnant married women maintained ? how is it
managed ? IV. How

[ 39° 3
IV.
How far does the humanity of this inftitution ex
tend itfelf ? V.
What eftablifhment of the fame nature is there in
favour of unfortunate pregnant girls ? how is the fund
raifed ? how is the adminiftration of it ?
VI.
Are they brought to bed fecretly without ever being
difcovered ? and how is that managed ?
VII.
To what number do thefe unfortunate girls annually
delivered by the faid eftablifhment amount on an
average ? Foundling- Hofpitals.
i.
What care is taken for the reception of foundlings ?
are they put altogether in one houfe, or diftributed
at the public expence among the country people ?
II.
How is this eftablifhment conftantly fupported ?
III.
Are all children received in it ? or which ? IV. To

[ __¦«• 3
IV.
To what number do they annually amount on an
average, and how was it thefe laft ten ? twenty- five?
and fifty years ? V.
To what age do they enjoy the charity of the
eftablifhment ? VI.
What becomes of them afterwards ?
VII.
Do they enjoy particular privileges in compenfation
of their being deprived of fome advantages of legiti
mate children ? which are they ?
VIII.
How many die out of one hundred ?

Hofpitals for inoculating the SmaU-Pox.
i.
Are Jhere hofpitals for curing poor children affefted
with the fmall-pox ? and for the inoculation of it ?
II.
How are the faid hofpitals fupported ? and to how
much docsths annual expence amount ? III. What

C 392 3
in.
What treatment of the natural fmall-pox proves the
moft fuc'cefsful ? IV.
How is the treatment of the inoculated fmall-pox ?
Vj
How many children are reckoned to die out of
five hundred by the natural fmall-pox ? how many
when inoculated ? VI.
To what number do the children annually relieved
by this eftablifhment amount i

Hofpital for Venereal Difeafes.
1.
What eftablifhment is therefor the relief and cure
of indigent perfons of both fexes afflicted with the
venereal difeafe ? II.
By what fund does this inftitution fubfift ?

Mad-Houfes.

1.
What charitable eftablifliments are there for mad
men, and mad women ? II. By

[ 393 1
II.
By what fund do they exift ? and to what fum docs
the annual expence amount? III.-
Do they alfo receive penfioners in them ?
IV.
Are mad people generally treated with roughnefs ?
or kindnefs ? what trials are made to cure thofe poor
wretches by gentle treatment and variety of amufe-
ments? [their difeafe being chiefly occafioned by a
continuation of gloomy and tormenting thoughts,
which a rough treatment muft neceffarily increafe.]
V.
What remedy has proved the moft beneficial for
curing madnefs ? and what is to be obferved con
cerning the application of it ?
VI.'
How does government encourage to find out proper
remedies for curing this dreadful difeafe ? and what
public gratification is given to a phyfician, who has
been fo fortunate as to cure a lunatic ?
VII.
Are there not inftances of people in their fenfes
having been fent to mad-houfes by their covetous
relations or others, in order to feize their property ?
3 E and

[ 394 ]
and by what regulations does government prevent
thofe afts of prepotency ?
Infiitution for reforming Profiitutes.
i.
Is there an inftitution for relieving and reforming
proftitutes ? where is it ? II.
Who has furnifhed the fund for their reception ?
and how much is the annual expence on an average ?
III.
How are they received ? how treated ?
IV.
Is the number for their reception unlimited? or
fixed? V.
What care is taken to reconcile them to their
friends ? to place them in refpeftable families ? or in
trades ? VI.
What effeft has this eftablifhment ? and to what
number do the converted females annually amount ?

Marrying

[ 395 3
Marrying Poor Girls.
i.
Does an inftitution exift for marrying a certain num
ber of poor girls annually ? where ?

II.
How many poor girls enjoy annually the benefit of
this inftitution ? and what qualifications are required ?
III.
With what fum is each girl portioned ? and what
formalities are ufual with regard to this feftivalday?
IV.
How is the fund for this charitable inftitution col
lected ?

Relieving the Indufirious Poor.
i.
Does government relieve induftrious poor manu
fafturers and traders, and fupply them with money at
a very fmall intereft ? and how ?
II.
Upon what conditions are they fupplied with mo
ney ? and what is the greateft fum lent to them ?
3 E 2 . III. What

I 396 3
hi.
What fund is allowed for that purpofe ? and how
eftablifhed ?
Eflablifhment of a Public Pawn-Office,
1.
Is there a fimilar inftitution for the benefit of the
poor people ? (who, without it would be ruined by
pawnbrokers, Jews, and the like ufurers).
II.
Upon what terms is money lent ? for how many
months ? III.
How has the fund been raifed ? and how confider
able is it ? Workhoufes. I.
What regulations are made for keeping people from
begging ? II.
How are fturdy beggars and children of both fexes
employed by the government both in the capital and
in the country ? how much do the different fexes earn
a day in their refpeftive employments ? III. How

C 397 3
III.
How are the workhoufes conftituted ? and by what
fund kept up ? IV.
What food has been found to be the cheapeft, and
moft nourifhing for the poor working people ? and
what is their daily allowance i
V.
How is the life in a workhoufe (which in moft
places is abhorred by the people) rendered pleafant
to thofe who work in it ? or are workhoufes not much
different from houfes of correftion, inftead of being
regulated on principles of a fchool of induftry ?
VI.
Are they treated with tendernefs ? and their em
ployment looked upon as honourable ?
VII.
To what number do the people employed in work
houfes amount in this country ?
Employment for genteel People who are
afhamed of Begging.
i.
Has government found out means to employ pro-.
Stably, as well as conftantly, the gcnteeler fort of
people

C 398 ]
people ruined by misfortunes ? and which are the moft
eafy and lucrative employments calculated for this
clafs of poor ? II.
How much may a perfon not much accuftomed to
work, earn a day in thefe kinds of employments ?
III.
What eftablifliments are there in their favour, in
cafe their circumftances do not permit them to work ?
to what number are thofe kind of poor reckoned to
amount ? and what fum of money is annually em
ployed for their relief ? IV.
What care is taken of the children of this kind of
people ? how ? and where are they brought up ? and
how launched into the world ?

Provifions for the Difabled Poor.
1.
To what number do the real poor, the helplefs,
difabled perfons of both fexes amount in this country ?
II.
How are the old, fickly, and entirely difabled poor
wf both fexes provided for ? III. How

[ 399 3
III.
How is a permanent fund raifed for their fubfiftence?
and what fum is annually required for maintaining
the difabled poor ? IV.
What profit does government reap from their
exiftence ? V.
Are the hofpitals of the difabled poor chiefly in the
capital ? or in country towns ? or in villages ? and
which of thofe three places feems to be the moft proper
for them ?
Inflitutions for Orphans,
i.
How are poor orphans in the capital maintained ?
inftrufted ? and provided for, whtn at an age of
earning their bread ? II.
To what fum does the annual expence of that infti
tution amount ? and how is the fund raifed ?
III.
What fort of charitable inftitutions, humane efta
blifliments, and ufeful focieties are there befides the
above mentioned ? — For the reft relative to fuch
eftablifliments,

[ 4oo ]
eftablifliments, fee State op the Peasantry,
Navigation upon the Sea, Navy, Land
Forces. Public Rewards for Humane
ABions. i.
Is it ufual in this country, that people, who have
performed a remarkably humane aftion, are publicly
rewarded by government? and how are the citizens
encouraged to afts of humanity ; for inftance, to fave
a man's life in imminent danger ?

SECT.

t 40* 3

SECT. XXVI.

EDUCATION.
Hifiorical Inquiry refpeSing Education-* Suckling
of Children — Drefs — Sleeping and Bedding — ¦
Management of Children, with regard to the
Body — Culture of their Minds — InfiruBions in
Reading, Writing, and Arithmetic — Bodily
Exercifes — Private Education — Public Edu
cation — Celebrated Men.

Hifiorical Inquiry refpeBing Education,

J_S the prefent method of bringing up children the
fame as if was in former times ? or in what does' th*
difference confift ?
Suckling of Children,
i.
How long are children ufually fitekled- in the coun
try ? how long in the cities ?
3 F H. Whaf

[ 402 ]
II.
What kind of food is fubftituted to fome children
inftead of their mother's milk? for inftance, goat's milk,
rice-water, Sec. Sec. and what effeft does this food
produce with regard to the health of the children ?
III.
Does the richer fort of citizens, and the nobility,
keep nurfes ? or do the mothers fuckle their children ?
IV.
How are children fed afterwards ? to what age are
they kept from eating meat ? and drinking wine ?
Drefs. i.
How are little children dreffed ? is it ufual to wrap
them up in fwaddling clothes ? and what effeft is at
tributed to that mode ? II.
Is it ufual to cover the children with light clothes
in all feafons ? or are they kept very warm ?
Sleeping and Bedding.
i.
How many hours are children permitted to fleep
till they are five or fix years old ? and how are the
hours for reft divided ? II, Are

[ 403 3
II.
Are children's beds hard, in order to ftrengthen
their bodies, or foft ? and of what do they com
monly confift ? III.
Are their heads covered during fleep, or unco
vered ? and for what reafon is one method or the
other thought preferable ?
Management of Children with regard
to the Body.
I.
To what age do the children in cities commonly re
main under the care of women ? and what is obferved
of thofe children, who, at an earlier period than
ufual, have been committed to the care of men ?
II.
What care is taken to fortify the children, by ac-
cufloming them early to the open air, cold water, and
to inure them to bear hardfhips ?
III.
By what kind of exercife do children acquire agi
lity ? and are they taught to make equal ufe of both
hands ? 3 F 2 Culture

I 404 3
Culture of their Minds.
1.
What care is taken to give children a proper idea
of God and bis worfhip ? and of the duties towards
their neighbours ? II.
Are children accuftomed to fay regularly their
morning and evening prayers ?
III.
How are children taught to be docile, refpeftful
and obedient to their parents, and fuperiors, and to
love fhem ? does feverity or entreaty operate moft
in thefe refpefts ? IV.
How are children corrected who betray a ferocity
in tlieir charafter, who take delight in killing or
wounding helplefs animals, who deftroy things they
know to be valuable to others ? what means are
ufed to fupprefs their anger, without violence ?
V.
Are children excited againft certain nations ? peo
ple of other perfuafions ? of certain callings ? or is
univerfal benevolence to man and beaft inculcated to
them, and how ? VI. Since

[ 4°5 3
VI.
Since courage is neceffary to all ftations of life, in
misfortunes as well as in battle, and ficknefs ( &c. Sec.
how are children accuftomed to be courageous without
doing mifchief ? and to fuffer with patience ?
VII.
Is death reprefented to children under a frightfifl
fiiape, or as an unavoidable pallage through this life
to a happier one ? VIII.
Is it ufual to frighten them with tales of ghofts,
goblins, apparitions, witches, and other fcare-crows,
or are they betimes accuitomed to be by themfelves in
the dark without fear, and taught not to believe in
thofe kind of ftories ? IX.
Are children taught not to be afraid of tempefts,
and this magnificent operation of nature explained to
them ? X.
How is a proper idea of honour, and an efteem of
their reputation impreffed in children's minds ?
XI.
What idea is generally given to children concerning
money ? is it reprefented to them as the fummum bonum ?
or rather as a remedy to relieve the poor ? as a kind of

. C 406 ]
of equivalent for fervices rendered to us, orfomething
of this fort ? XII.
What particular care do parents take to render
children as tender-hearted as may be ? do they fhew
them frequently unfortunate victims of the injuftice
of man, or of the caprice of fortune, the difeafed in
hofpitals, indigent parents of a numerous family,
workmen finking under too heavy burthens, innocence
labouring under oppreffion, merit perfecuted and
defpifed, and infirm, unprovided, and abandoned old
age? XIII.
How is covetoufnefs prevented in children? how
corrected ? is it alfo ufual in this country that parents
give alms to the poor by their children's hands ?
XIV. ,
How are children excited to generofity without
oftentation ? aud how accuftomed to gratitude ?
XV.
How are children taught to refpeft the property of
others, and how is ftealing rendered deteftable to
them ? XVI.
How are children encouraged to tell the truth, and
infpiied with an averfion to lies ? XVII. How

[ 4°7 3
XVII.
How is envy, raillery, detraction, pride, rendered
defpicable to children ? XVIII.
How is idlenefs prevented, or corrected in children,
and how are they early accuftomed to work ?
XIX.
How are children accuftomed to be moderate in
pleafures and pains ?
XX.
What kind of punifhments are inflifted upon chil
dren, on different occafions, for different mifde-
meanors ?
InfiruBions in Reading, Writing, and
Arithmetic. I.
At what age are children commonly inftrufted in
reading, writing, and cafting accounts ? and what
method is thought to be the moft proper for it ?
II.
What kind of book is firft prefented to children to
read in ? Bodily

[ 4°8 ]
Bodily Exercifes.

What are the bodily exercifes, as fencing, dancing,
fto. of young people in this country ?
II.
At what age is each exercife ufually learned ? and
how many months beftowed upon each i
III.
Is fwimming, leaping, foot-racing, fcalingj wreftlingj
and other gymnafticks much in ufe among com
mon people, as well as among gentlemen ? or which
moftly neglefted by each clafs ?
IV.
What celebrated men are there in this country
With regard to their fkill in gymnafticks ?
V.
What works have been publiflaed on gymnafticks ?
Private Education* i.
T^o what kind of people is the education of young
gentlemen committed ? which are the general qualifi
cations of thofe preceptors ? and what is their falary ?
II. At

[ 409 3
II.
At what age are children commonly intrufted to
preceptors ? and to what age do they remain with tlieir
pupils ? III.
What courfe of ftudies are moft generally purfued
under thofe preceptors ? IV.
Which is the moft adapted to improve in all re
fpefts, public or private education ?
V.
What education is the moft expenfive, the private,
or the public ? and what may a young gentleman's
tuition coft annually, on an average, in the private ?
and public method ? VI.
Which is the moft ufual manner of education of
thefe ? Public Education. I.
What is remarkable concerning public education in
former times, and in what does the modern fyftem
chiefly differ from the ancient ?
II.
Is the prefent public education calculated to im-
3 G prove

[ 410 ]
prove both the heart and the underftanding of the
fchojar, or in what deficient ?
III.
Do the profeffors of public fchools generally poffefs
the neceffary qualifications ?
IV.
By whom are the public profefforfhips inftituted ?
and what is their falary ? V.
Are the public profefforfhips difpofed of in favour
of the moft qualified candidates, or are thofe places
got by favour, or patronage ?
VI.
Is any attention paid to the good charafter of the
candidate, and is he obliged to give a fpecunen of
his ability for teaching before he is initiated into that
capacity ? VII.
Can public profeflbrs be difcharged ? or are their
places for life ? VIII.
How many univerfities are there in this country ?
and in what places ? in what year ? and by whom
have they been founded? and how are they fup-
ported ? IX.
How many Undents aie there in each univerfity ?
are

t 4i* 3
are they moftly gentlemen ? or are there foundations
for poor children amongft them ? and is their number
fixed ? and how ? X.
By whom are the univerfities governed ? what jurif-
diftion ? and privileges have they ?
XI.
What faculties ? and arts f and fciences, are ufually
taught in each univerfity ? by how many profeffors ?
XII.
How many year's, or months, is each faculty ? art ?
or fcience, taught at the univerfity ?
XIII.
Which faculty ? art ? or fcience, is beft taught at
each univerfity ? and which the moft neglefted ?
XIV.
Is the ftudy of agriculture purfued at the univer
fities ? — See Agriculture. Method of extending the
Knowledge of Agriculture in this Country.
XV.
What attention is paid at the univerfities to the lan
guage of the country ? the improvement of the gram
mar ? and epiftolary ftyle ?
XVI.
In which of the dead and oriental languages are the
3 G 2 ftudents

_ 4»» 3
ftudents inftrufted at the univerfities ? during how
many years ? XVII.
Which of the living languages are taught at the
univerfities ? and what method is looked upon as the
moft proper for learning them the fooneft ?
XVIII.
At what age are young people commonly fent to
the univerfities ? and to what age do they ufually re
main there ? XIX.
Is the inftruftion gratis ? or what are the fees for
each faculty ? art ? or fcience ?
XX.
Do the ftudents live in private houfes, or in col
leges ? and how are they maintained in them ?
XXI.
What ftudies are chiefly purfued by ftudents brought
up for the law ? XXII.
What ftudies by thofe who are brought up to the
church ? XXIII.
What remarkable regulatipns are there for faving
time in teaching the different branches of ufeful edu
cation and knowledge? and for prohibiting thofe ftudies
which are of no utility, and confequently hurtful, by
diverting young minds from more profitable purfuits ?
XXIV. Is

[ 4*3 3
XXIV.
Is care taken for the improvement of the fcholar's
heart, and for forming virtuous citizens as well as
learned men ?
XXV.
What authors have written on education with the
greateft applaufe ?
Celebrated Men.
i.
Who are the moft famous men among the ancietit
natives of this country ? and in what did their confpi
cuous merit confift ?- II.
Who are the moft celebrated men in the faculties,
arts, and fciences, brought up, or teaching at the uni
verfities of this coimtry, and worthy of being known
by an inquifitive traveller ?
III.
What fpecimens have they given of their merit ?
and in what do their chief difcoveries and general fer-
vices to the community confift I
IV.
What extraordinary or diftinguifhed men are now
living in this country ? and for what uncommon qua
lities are they remarked ?
V. Who

t 414 3
v.
Who are thofe men that deferve tb be looked upon
as the quinteffence Of the nation : viz. thofe immor
tal citizens, who facrifice their time, their capacities,
and fortune, to the public welfare ; whofe utmoft care
is direfted to defend the rights of mankind, to extend
ufeful knowledge throughout the nation, to render
the natives induftrious, innocent, and happy, and who
deferve the confidence both of the people and ,the
ruling power ?
N. B. For the education of noblemen, fee Nobility.
' of manufafturers, fee Ma
nufactures.
— — — of merchants, fee Inland
and Foreign Trade.
of peafants, fee State of
the Peasantry.
¦ of officers, fee Land Forces.

SECT.

C 4*5 3

SECT. XXVII.

ORIGIN, MANNERS, and CUSTOMS
OF THE NATION.
Origin of the Nation — Change in the People —
Shape and CharaBerifiic Features — Influence of
the Climate — Genius — CharaBer ofthe Natives
— Superflitions and Prejudices — Behaviour to
Foreigners — Food — Drefs — Manner of Dwel
ling — Amufements — Public Feafils— -^Ceremonies
of Weddings, Rejoicing, Mourning, c5c.

Origin of the Nation.
I.
VvHAT was the origin of this nation ? in what
year has this country been peopled ? and which are
the moft remarkable periods and epochs in the hiftory
of it ? Change

[ 4*6 J
Change in the People.
i.
What does hiftory relate concerning the conftitu-
tion of the body and mind of the ancient inhabitants ?
and in what refpeft are the modern different from
them ?
Shape and CharaBerifiic Features.
i.
Of what kind of fhape, and bodily conftitution are
the natives? and what charafteriftic features have
they ? Influence of the Climate.
i.
What influence does the climate feem to have upon
the body and mind of the inhabitants ? and how can
the caufe of this effeft be explained ?
Genius. I.
To what arts and fciences are the natives particu
larly inclined ? and competent ?
II.
What remarkable inventions and difcoveries do tlie
natives appropriate to themfelves ? III. What

[ 417 ]
III.
What arts and fciences feem to be the leaft culti
vated ? and why ?
CharaBer of the Natives.
I.
How far are the education and government calcu
lated to make the inhabitants more or lefs vicious ?
and more or lefs virtuous than other nations ? and
what feems to contribute greatly towards the propa
gation of the national virtues and vices ?
II.
Are the natives a warlike people, or rather inclined
to the arts of peace ? and what has determined them
to be fo ? III.
Are they loyal to their prince, and patriotic ? or
feditious, and fond of living in foreign countries ?
IV.
Are the natives generally induftrious ? or idle ? and
in which provinces, more or lefs ? and why fo ?
V.
Are the natives reckoned to be cunning and de
ceitful, or upright and fincere ?
3 H VI. Are

[ 4»* 3
VI.
Are ferious difpofitions the moft general, or cheerful
ones, and thofe inclined to mirth and hilarity f
VII.
Is parfimony more common than prodigality ? and
in what do the natives fpend money with the leaft
hefitation ? or wherein do the luxuries ofthe common
fort chiefly confift ? VIII.
Which are the prevailing paffions and weakneifes of
the natives, and upon what fubjefts do they moftly
talk? IX.
Does the generality of the lower clafs of people
feem to be inclined to refpeft the right of property ?
or are highway robberies, houfe-breaking, cheating,
pilfering, and firnilar offences obferved to be very
common ?

Superfiitions and Prejudices.
i.
What remarkable prejudices and fuperftitions are
the moft general among all claffes of people ? and how
have they gained ground ? Behaviour

t 419 3
Behaviour io Foreigner!.
1.
How do the natives df this country behave to fo
reigners ? is hofpitality general ? and external polite-
nefs to ftrangers encouraged ?
II.
With what nation do the natives feem to fympai
thize the moft ? and what can be the caufe of this
partiality ? is it the famenefs of temper and manners ?
a lucrative and continual commercial intercourfe ?
political connections ? or what other caufes ?
III.
To what nation does the people bear a habitual an
tipathy or averfion ? what may be the true caufe of
this llrong diilike ? is it oppofition in temper ? rival-
fhip in grandeur and commerce ? have bloody wars
happened between thofe two powers ? treacherous be
haviour on either fide ? difference of religion ? or
other caufes ? IV.
Does this antipathy ftill fubfift ?
Food. 1.
What is chiefly the diet of the natives ? what kind
of victuals is moft generally liked by all ranks of
people ? 3 H a II. Is

[ 420 ]
II.
Is this food thought to be wholefome and nourifh
ing ? or what bad effefts are attributed to it with re
gard to health i III.
Are the natives reckoned to be fober, or fond of
liquors ? of what kind ? and what effeft has drinking
upon tlieir body and mind. ?
Drefs. i.\
How is the drefs of the different ranks of people
of both fexes ? II.
Do people ftick to their national drefs ? or are
they fond of foreign fafhions, and what nations do
they imitate ? III.
What effeft has apparel upon the minds of the
lower clafs of people ?
Manner of Dwelling.
I.
How do the inhabitants of the capital and coun.
try towns lodge, does each family occupy a houfe
feparately, or are there many families refident in
the fame houfe ? II. What

[ 42* ]
II.
What is remarkable concerning the manner of
building ? is the architecture folid and elegant ? the
diftribution of the apartments convenient ?
III.
Is the houfehold furniture plentiful or thin ? fimple ?
elegant ? commodious ? or expenfive ?

Amufements.

i.
In what do the favourite amufements of the natives
confift ? II.
What kind of plays are there in this country ? and
which of them are the moft general ?
III.
What kind of gymnafticks are there in ufe for the
recreation of the different forts of people ? and in
which are they allowed to be moft expert and clever ?

Public Feafis.

I.
What kind of feafts are annually given to the
people ? II. What

[ 422 ]
II.
What has been the motive of their inftitution ? and
what is remarkable concerning the celebration of thofe
feafts ? III.
Which of them are the moft liked ? and are not
they looked upon as temporary remedies to keep the
people from feditions ?
Ceremonies of Weddings, &c.
I.
What cuftoms and ceremonies prevail amongft the
different claffes of the natives, with regard to wed
dings ? chriftenings, funerals ? &c.
II.
How is joy expreffed by the different ranks of peo
ple . how is mourning ? and how long does it com
monly laft, according to the different motives ?

SECT.

r 423 ]

SECT. XXVIII.

WOMEN.
Education of Females in General — Boarding-
Schools — Extent of Liberty of grown-up Young
Ladies — Marriage — Influence of the Ladies in
State Affairs — Celebrated Females — Laws con
cerning Women.

Education of Females in General.
1.
_T_l T what age are girls commonly inftrufted in
reading, writing, and the firft principles of arithmetic ?
and is this kind of knowledge pretty general among
the lower clafs of people ? II.
Is it ufual to teach young females the grammar of
the language of the country ? III. What

[ 424 3
III.
What books are ufually given to young ladies, to
form their heart ? and improve their underftanding?
IV.
What arts and fciences are commonly ftudied by
ladies ? and what method is ufed in teaching them ?
V.
What foreign languages are learned by the ladies of
this country ? VI.
Is it ufual to give the ladies a more than middling
inftruftion in domeftic ceconomy ? and how far does it
generally extend among the ladies of quality ?
VII.
What kind of mufic is the moft in fafhion among
the ladies ? and is this accomplifhment common, or
only among people of quality ?
VIII.
What kind of bodily exercifes are taught to the
ladies ? IX.
How is the moral charafter of females formed ?
and how are the virtues and accomplifhmeiits that
may be expefted in a good wife inculcated ? X. Do

C 425 3
x.
Do the mothers commonly leave their daughters in
total ignorance of the dangers by which they are
continually furrounded ? or what care is taken to
guard them betimes againft the infidious praftices of
artful and vicious men ? XI.
How is the natural fenfibility of females increafed ?
and direfted to good purpofes ?
XII.
By what means are children's propenfity to foreign
fafhions, or expenfive drefs and other extravagances,
prevented ? XIII.
How are young girls accuftomed to be more cou
rageous than the fair fex commonly are, that they
might not eafily be frightened by an accident, or the
fight of a maimed, or disfigured perfon ? rats,
mice, &c. ? XIV.
Is it alfo ufual in this country to fhew young girls
hofpitals of women afflicted with venereal difeafes ?
and to paint to them the mifery of fuch a ftate, in
order to infpire their minds at once with an eternal
horror and deteftation of the caufes of thofe dreadful
evils ?

3 I Boarding-

[ 4*6 3
Boar ding-Schools. i.
Are young ladies of quality commonly brought up
in their families ? or in boarding-fchools ? in the ca
pital ? or in what parts of their native country ? or
in what places abroad ? II.
How far is this method of education calculated to
make the ladies virtuous and accomplifhed ?
III.
What charafter is generally given to ladies who
have had a domeftic education ? and what character
to thofe that have been brought up in boarding-
fchools ? IV.
What is the expence per annum for a young female
boarder on an average ? V.
What boarding-fchool is the moft celebrated in the
country ? and how is its plan of education ?
VI.
To what age does the female education in boarding-
fchools commonly laft ? Extent

r 427 ]
Extent of Liberty of grown-up Toting
Ladies.

How are the ladies generally treated when they
return home from the boarding-fchools ? do they
enjoy great liberty in their parents houfes ? or do
they live under great reftraint ? what effeft does this
manner of treatment generally produce }

Marriage.

1.
At what age do ladies commonly marry in this
country ? and to what year does their minority laft ?
II.
How are married ladies ufually treated by their huf-
bands ? and are divorces frequent ?
III.
Do the ladies of the richer fort of people, and of
quality, meddle with the management of houfe-keep-
ing, or to whofe care is this objeft committed i
Influence ofthe Ladies in State Affairs.
1.
Have the ladies of quality a great influence in mi-
nifterial affairs, promotion of favourites to civil, mili-
3 I z tary,

[ 428 ]
rary, or ecclefiaftical employments ? or are they en
tirely confined to the concerns of their own families ?

Celebrated Females.
i.
What particular inftances of female patriotifrh,
uncommon abilities, or particular merit in the fair
fex, does the hiftory of the women of this country
afford? II.
What celebrated ladies are ftill living, and worth
to be taken notice of for their extraordinary qua
lifications ?

Laws concerning Women.

What rights and privileges does the female part
of the natives enjoy in general ?
II.
What rights and privileges are peculiar to the
ftate of celibacy ? III.
What to married women i

IV. What

L" 429 ]
IV.
What to widows'? V.
What laws feem to be rather unfavourble to the
females in general ? VI.
What in particular to maids ?
VII,
To married women ? VIII,
To widows ? IX.
In what manner do the laws proteft the female fex
againft the covetoufnefs and ill-treatment of their
hufbands ? brothers ? relations ? children ? or others ?
X.
How does government proteft thofe unfortunate
daughters, who are to be forced by their cruel pa
rents, or relations, to contraft involuntary marriages ?
XI.
What fhares have female children of the fortunes
pf their deceafed parents ? or neareft relations ?
XII. Are

C 430 3
XII.
Are divorces rendered eafy ? and what is required
to effeftuate a feparation ?
XIII.
What favourable laws are there with regard to the
widows of deceafed merchants ? or manufafturers ?
XIV.
What privileges are peculiar to unmarried ? married
ladies ? and widows of quality ?
N. B. For the completion of thefe queftions, fee
Population, State of the Peasantry, Po
lice, Charitable Institutions, Education,
Origin, Manners, and Customs of the
Nation, Nobility.

SECT.

[ 43* 3

SECT. XXIX.
RELIGION and CLERGY.
Hifiorical Inquiries concerning the Religion of the
Country — Eftablifhed Religion — Toleration —
Clergy — Religious Orders in Roman Catholic
Countries — Immunities and Liberties of the-
Clergy — Sanduaries — Offences againfl God and
Religion.

Hifiorical Inquiries concerning the
Religion qf the Country.

A N what year, and by whom has Chriftianity firft
been preached in this country ? how has it made its
progrefs ? and which are the moft remarkable revolu
tions in the ecclefiaftical hiftory ?
Eftablifhed Religion.
i.
Which is the eftablifhed religion ? and who is re-
fpeftively allowed to be the head of the church ?
II. How

[ 432 3
II.
How far does the authority of this refpeftive head
extend ? Toleration. i.
Are there different perfuafions tolerated in this
country ? which are they ?II.
How many individuals of each perfuafion are reck
oned to be in the ftate ? III.
Upon what conditions is each perfuafion tolerated ?
and have ever penal laws been made againft the fol
lowers of any perfuafions ? and what do they confift in ?
IV.
Can people of other perfuafions have civil ? or
military employments ? poffefs houfes ? and landed
eftates ? intermarry with people of the eftablifhed
religion ? and how far does the civil and ecclefiaftical
toleration extend ? V.
How are people of different religions looked upon
by thofe of the eftablifhed church ? and are they reck
oned to be loyal citizens ? VI. Which

C 433 3
VI.
Which fefts are allowed to be induftrious and rich ?
and which to be generally poor ? and what is the
reafon of this difference ?
VII.
What is to be obferved concerning the meeting-
houfes, religious tenets, rights, marriages, chriften-
ings, burials, &c. of the different religions ?
Clergy. I.
How is the clergy of this country divided ? and how
many individuals are there in each clafs ?
II.
Who inftitutes the firft church dignities ? and what
qualifications are required for being invefted with
them ? III.
By whom is the inferior clergy promoted ?
IV.
What is the annual income of each of the different
claffes of clergymen ? and what are the fources of
thofe incomes ? 3 K V. What

[ 434 ]
V.
What fum are all the poffeffions of the clergy
valued at ? and what is the amount of the annual
revenue ? VI.
What meafures are taken by government [in Roman
Catholic countries] in order to prevent the clergy
from acquiring too extenfive landed eftates ?
VII.
What contributions .are annually exafted from the
clergy ? — See Taxes and Imposts.
VIII.
Is the people fanatic with regard to religion ? and
how is the clergy looked upon by the inferior clafs ?
IX.
Wliat abufes are there in the religion of this coun
try, contrary to its welfare ? and why are they not
aboliflied ? X.
What charafter is generally given to the clergy ?
XI.
What charitable eftablifliments have been made by
the clergy > XII.
What influence has the clergy in ftate affairs ?
XIII. Is

[ 435 3
XIII.
Is the clergy concerned in cenfuring books ? and
can its rigour prevent the progrefs of literature ? .
XIV.
To what fum does the treafure of the churches of
this country amount ?
Religious Orders in Roman Catholic
Countries. i.
What male religious orders are there in this coun
try ? how are they divided ? which are endowed with
poffeffions? which are called mendicants ?
II.
How many monafteries does each order poffefs ? to
what fum are the landed eftates and other poffef
fions of each order valued ?
III.
How many individuals does each order contain ? to
what fum does the revenue of each clafs of thofe who
are endowed annually amount ?
IV.
Is the number of the individuals of the religious
orders reckoned ftill to increafe ? or at what a rate
does it decreafe ? _ K 2 V. How

[ 43S 3
V.
How does government prevent thofe religious or
ders from becoming too rich ? and how is the recep
tion of new candidates reftrained ?
VI.
How does government employ the monks ufefully ?
which are inftituted for making converts to Chriftia-
nity ? which for the relief of the fick ? which for the
redemption of the captives in Barbary ?
VII.
How does this laft order fulfil its duties ? how many
flaves do they annually buy ? where ? and how is the
fund collected ? VIII.
Have religious orders been reduced under this
reign ? how much have the confifcated poffefiions been
valued at ? and how are the individuals provided for ?
IX.
How far is the credit of the richer fort of monks
capable to fupply government with money in extra
ordinary exigencies ? and what inftances can be men
tioned ?
N. B . The greateft part of the queftions concerning
the male religious orders is applicable to the nuns.
Immunities

_ 437 3
Immunities and Liberties of the
Clergy. i.
Wherein do the immunities, liberties, and privi
leges of the clergy confift ?
II.
Are clergymen to be fummoned before a civil judge
in civil matters ? or before the bifhop ?
III.
How is it in criminal matters ? are clergymen called
directly before the civil judge ? or are they taken and
examined by the ecclefiaftical tribunal, and afterwards
delivered to the civil judge for punifhment ?
IV.
What kind of formalities are to be obferved in cri
minal affairs with regard to the clergy of the firft
clafs ? V.
What kind of punifhments are inflicted on clergy
men for capital crimes ? VI.
Can a clergyman enjoy two or more livings at once ?
VII. Do

L 438 ]
VII.
Do the laws of this country exclude all feculars
whatfoever from enjoying an ecclefiaftical living ?
VIII.
Wherein do the difabilities of the clergy confift ?

SanBuaries. 1.
Are places confecrated to religious duties totally
exempted from criminal arrefts ? or in what cafes may
a criminal be feized in them ?

Offences againfl God and Religion.
1.
How are thofe people punifhed, who being edu
cated in the Chriftian religion deny, by writing or
teaching, the Chriftian religion to be true, or the holy
fcriptures to be of divine authority ?
II.
How does juftice proceed againfl thofe who pub-
lickly teach doftrines contrary to the determinations
qf the church ?

III. What

C 439 3
III.
What penalties are inflifted upon people convicted
of blafphemy, fwearing, and curfing ?
IV.
What do the laws of this country mention con
cerning witchcraft, conjuration, enchantment, or
forcery ? V.
How is fimony punifhed by the law?

SECT.

[ 440 ]
SECT. XXX.
NOBILITY.
Inftitution of the Nobility — Revenue — Privileges
and Eflablifloments in Favour of the Nobility —
Inheritance of Titles and Eflates — JurifdiBion
on the Landed Eflates — Refidence and Amufe
ments — Influence and Authority of the Nobles —
Education — Travels of young Noblemen — Mili
tary Service — CharaBer of the Nobility — Con
ferring of Titles, and Orders of Knighthood —
Laws concerning Foreign Noblemen — Mifcel-
laneous Quejlions.

Infiitution of the Nobility.
I.
W H AT are the different claffes of nobility ?
II.
In what reign has each clafs or degree of nobility
been inftituted ? III. How

[ 44» ]
III.
How many families are there of each degree ? for
inftance, how many marquiffes at prefent ?
IV.
What are the names of the moft illuftrious fami
lies ? what is their annual revenue ? and have any of
them peculiar privileges ?
Revenue of the Nobility.
i.
How much are the revenues of the whole nobility ?
II.
Which are the fources of the revenue of the
nobility ? III.
Is the greateft part of the nobility rich ? or poor ?
and from what caufes ? IV.
Do the noblemen of this country underftand huf
bandry ? V.
Are noblemen permitted to carry on trade without
degrading their nobility ? what kind of trade ? and
in what reign has this regulation been made ?
3 L VI. How

[ 442 3
VI.
How far does nobility meddle with trade ? have
noblemen eftablifhed manufaftures for their own ac
count ? of what kind ? VII.
Are noblemen concerned in foreign commerce ? or
in fifheries ? or in trading companies ? or in banking >
or in lucrative bufineffes ?
Privileges and Efiablifhments in Favour
of the Nobility.
i.
What are the general privileges of noblemen ?
II.
Are there eftablifliments in favour of young noble
men without fortunes ? III.
What eftablifhment in favour of females of this
rank ? IV.
Are the beft livings of the church given to noble
men in preference to commoners ? or are they con
ferred upon the moft deferving petitioners without
regard to birtli ? Inheritance

[ 443 3
Inheritance of Titles and Eflates.
i.
How do the titles of nobility defcend ?
II.
How are the younger branches provided for by law ?
III.
How many ? and of what value are the eftates of
the nobility, that are entailed on the male heir ?
IV.
Can fuch entails be fet afide ?
V.
Are the daughters of the nobility appointed mar
riage portions in any manner by law ?
VI.
What family has given the greateft portion ? and
how much ? VII.
What becomes of the eftate of a deceafed nbble-
man, who has neither children, nor relations, and
who dies inteftate ? 3 L a JurifdiBion

C 444 ]
JurifdiBion on the Landed Eflates.
i.
Are there ftill fome remains of the allodial and
feudal fyftem in this country ? and wherein do they
confift ? II.
Does the generality of nobles exercife any jurif-
diftion on their eftates ?
Refidence and Amufements.
I.
Are the nobility of this country fond of a country
life ? which months are fpent upon their eftates ?
which in the capital ? II.
To what fum does the revenue of the nobility
amount, which is annually fpent in the capital ? is an
abfentee tax known in this country ?
III.
To what purpofe do the nobility chiefly'fpend their
income ? what are the favourite amufements of the
nobility ? are they fond of foreign fafhions ? or partial
to the national cuftoms ? Influence

[ 445 3
Influence and Authority of the
Nobles.

Are the nobility of this country looked upon as an
intermediate power between the fovereign and the
people, capable of checking the former's attempts on
the liberties of the inferior ranks? and by what
means can the nobility oppofe the fovereign on national
grounds ? II.
How far are the nobility fecured againft the oppref
fion of the ruling power by the conftitution of the
country ? III.
What influence has the nobility upon the com
moner ? would a powerful nobleman find fupport
among the people, if he had a mind to revolt againft
the prince ? IV.
How far may the authority of a powerful nobleman
be dangerous to the liberty of a commoner ?

In what eftimation are the inferior ranks held by
the nobility ? VI. -
Are the nobility limited in their poffeflion of eftates
jn land ? and is their influence in proportion to thofe ?
or does the popular opinion determine it ? VII. Are

[ 446 ]
VII.
Are noblemen at liberty to fell their eftates, and
to fettle in foreign countries ? or is the permiffion
given upon condition to pay a certain tax ? how much
per cent ? Education. i.
How are the nobility educated ? who are commonly
the governors of the young noblemen ? are they na
tive feculars ? or monks ? or ecclefiaftics ? or fo
reigners ? and of what nation chiefly ?
II.
Is it not ufual to fend young noblemen to colleges
and univerfities ? and is not public education thought
preferable to private, or vice verfa ?
III.
Is it not cuftomary to fend young noblemen for
education out of the country ? to what places chiefly ?
and what effeft has this foreign education ?
IV.
How far is Mr. Locke's advice to teach gentlemen
a manual trade followed in this country ? would not
the ftock of ufeful knowledge in children be greatly
increafed by this ingenious praftice ? their bodies
hardened,

C 447 3
hardened, and the condition of an artificer be more
refpefted thart it now is ?

Travels qf young Noblemen.

Is travelling looked upon as a requifite for the
education of a young nobleman ?
II.
At what age do the nobility chiefly travel? in
company of a governor ? or how ?
III.
Does the greateft part reap an advantage of travel
ling ? and what particular fervices have fome travellers
rendered their native country by their ufeful ob
fervations?

Military Service.

Are noblemen very fond of ferving their country
as military men ? and which fervice is liked the beft,
infantry ? cavalry ? or the fea-fervice ?
II.
Are there many noblemen, who quit the country
in order to enter into foreign military fervices ? which
fervice

C 448 ]
fervice do they commonly prefer ? and what feems to
be the reafon of quitting their native foil ?

CharaBer of the Nobility.

Are the noblity of this country refpefted for patriot-
ifm ? and what families in particular ? what pecuhar
inftances have they given of their attachment to their
native country ? II.
Is the education of youth calculated for exciting in
them the love of their country ?
III.
Are the nobility fond of arts and fciences ? and
which is moft efteemed ? IV.
Are eminent artifts and men of learning protected
by the nobility ? and how encouraged ?
V.
What care is taken with young noblemen to infpire
them with love for arts and fciences ? are there pre
miums given to fuch children of a certain age, as
fliall be found the moft able in drawing ? &c. VI. What

[ 449 3
. VI.
What virtues and vices mark the charafter of the
nobility of this country ?
Conferring of Titles, and Orders of
Knighthood. I.
Is nobility the reward of well deferving men ? or a
branch of commerce to the fovereign ?
II.
To what fum do the taxes of the different degrees
of nobility amount ? III.
Are there fome dignities and emoluments by
which thofe perfons who have them become noble
men ? which are they ? IV.
What orders of kinghthood are there in this conn-
try ? are they given only to noblemen of merit ? or
alfo to commoners for peculiar fervices ? or are they
to be had by purchafe ?
Laws concerning Foreign Noblemen.
I.
How is the fortune of a foreign nobleman difppfed
of, if he dies in this country ? does the prince take
3 M poffeflion.

[ 45° 3
poffeffion of it ? or is it delivered to the next heir of
the deceafed ? II.
Upon what conditions may a foreign nobleman be
naturalized ? III.
Are naturalized foreigners permitted to buy landed
eftates ? IV.
Have many foreigners bought landed eftates? of
what nation are they moftly ?
V.
Are foreign noblemen intrufted with civil or mili
tary offices ? or admitted to orders of knighthood ?

Mifcellaneous ^uefiions.
I.
May a commoner purchafe the eftate of a nobleman ?
II. .
Does a nobleman degrade himfelf by marrying the
daughter of a commoner, or not ? and does it affeft
his children ? III.
Does the widow, or daughter of a nobleman lofe her
dignity by marrying a commoner-? IV. Does

[ 451 J
IV.
Does a crime committed by a nobleman degrade his
whole family, or the criminal alone ?
V.
What is remarkable concerning the manner of
proving nobility in this country ?
VI.
What proportion is there among the number of
noblemen and commoners? — See Population.

3 M a SECT.

_ 45a _

..... . y^- .

SECT. XXXi.*

GOVERNMENT.
HiJlorical Invtfligation refpeBing Government — ¦
Conjlitutional Laws — Extent of the Ruling
Power — Supreme Councils — Syfiem of Govern
ment in the Provinces — Promotion to Employ
ments in the Government.

Hifiorical Invefiigation concerning
Government. I.
XJ.OW has the government of this country been in
the earlieft times ? which were the moft remarkable
changes in it ? by what circumftances did they happen ?
and fince what time has it continued in the prefent
form? Confiitutional Laws.
i.
Is the ruling power hereditary, or elective ?
II. What

[ 453 3
II.
What conftitutional laws are there concerning th6
fucceilion to the crown? III.
Att women excluded from government ? or uport
what conditions admitted to the exercife of the fu
preme power ? IV.
What family Would fucceed to the crown, in cafe the1
reigning family fhould happen to be extinguifhed *
V.
What qualifications are required of the perfon who
claims the fovereignty of the country ?
VI.
Is the fovereign crowned at his acceffion to the
throne ? what is to be obferved concerning the cere
mony of coronation ? where ? and by whom is it per
formed ? VII.
Does the fovereign take a coronation oath ? and
what does it chiefly confift in ?
Extent ofthe Ruling Power.
I.
Is the fovereign of this country abfolute and u neon-
troulable ?

[ 454 ]
troulable ? or is his power limited ? and a part of it
lodged in other people's hands ?
II.
In cafe the legiflative authority was under certain
reftriftions, who has a right to infift upon their ob-
fervance ? III.
Is there an affembly of reprefentatives of the na
tion ? how is it called ? and in how many members
does it confift ? IV.
Of what kind of perfons is this affembly compofed ?
what qualifications are required to be a member of
that body ? V.
What qualifications are required to be an eleftor of
the members of that affembly ?
VI.
How are they chofen ? when ? where ? for how
much time ? VII.
What is the province of the reprefentatives ? and
the extent of their power ?
VIII.
What prerogatives and liberties does this affembly
of reprefentatives in general ? and each member in
particular, enjoy ? IX. For

[ 455 3
IX.
For what purpofes ? and on what occafions is this
affembly convened ? X.
To what place ? and with what remarkable for
malities ? XI.
In what confift the prerogatives ofthe fovereign*
XII.
How far does his authority in civil matters extend ?
and in what is it reftrained ?
XIII.
How far in ecclefiaftical matters ?
XIV.
How far in military matters ?

Supreme Councils.

i.
Which are thofe councils in whom the fupreme
power of the ftate is invefted ? «
II.
How is each council conftituted ? and of what order
of men compofed? (individually confidered). III. What

[ 456 3
III.
What are the chief occupations of each council ?
and how far does their refpeftive authority extend ?
IV.
What regulations deferve particular notice to be
taken with regard to each council ? and efpecially to
the privy-council ?
Syfiem of Government in the Provinces.
i.
How is the government of a province conftituted f
of what individuals does it confift ?
II.
By whom are thofe individuals appointed ? and for
what length of time ?
HI.
How far does their refpeftive judicial capacity reach i
IV.
Which are the neceffary qualifications for thofe
places ? V.
What emoluments are annexed to the different
' places ? VI. Are

_ 457 3
VI.
Are the individuals anfwerable for their manage
ment ? and how are afts of injuftice and ill behaviour
of the magiftrate prevented ? and punifhed ?
VII.
Is the manner of governing the provinces calculated
to render the inhabitants happy ?
Promotion to Employments in the
Government. i.
What qualifications are required for a perfon who
wifhes to have civil employments ? is learning and
probity fufficient ? II.
Does a certain length of military fervice entitle, a
perfon to a preferment in civil employments ? or are
people who ferved in the army entirely debarred of
places in the civil line ? III.
Is buying and felling places ufual in this country ?
and what are the effefts of it ? . * ¦
IV.
What regulations are there with regard to buying
and felling places, in order to prevent the many ill
3 N confequences

[ 45» J
confequences which may be expefted from this prac.
tice? V.
Which places cannot be had for money, in the
higher Clafs of civil employment ? which in the fub.
ordinate magiftracy ? VI.
Which are the moft honourable offices in the ftate i
which the moft lucrative ? and what fum do they an
nually render? are they alfo to be obtained by fo«
reigners ?

SECT,

[ 459 1
SECT, XXX1L
TAXES and IMPOSTS.
Power of impofing Taxes — Syjlem of Taxation—
Divifion of Taxes, and their Amount — ObjeBs
that aught to be taxed in Preference to the Ne
ceffaries of Life — Luxury — Nature ofthe Taxes
— Diflribution of the Weight of the Taxes-
Method of their CoUeBion — Wife Regulations
with Regard to Taxation.

Power of impofing Taxes.

I

S the authority of the ruling power alone fufficient
to lay on taxes, duties, and impofts? dr- what is re
quired in order to introduce them ?
Syfiem of Taxation*
i. i.
Are all the inhabitants of this country equally tax
ed, or are there fome ranks ? or tribes i or cities ?
3 N 2 or

[ 4^o 3
or diftrifts, free from paying one or more national
taxes ? which are they ? II.
For how much time ? and upon what conditions t
III.
What has been the caufe of this exemption ?
IV.
Is the fyftem of taxation always the fame in time of
peace, and time of war, or what difference takes
place in the latter cafe ? V.
Does the birth or the marriage of a child of the
prince occafion a new tax ? and of how much com
monly ? VI.
Is there an uniformity in the fyftem of levying
taxes ? or is each province taxed in a different man
ner ? VII.
Have new taxes been made in the prefent reign ?
which are they ? VIII.
Have old ones been aboliflied ? which ? and to how
much did they annually amount ? IX. Do*

_ 461 3
IX.
Do the neceffaries of life pay great duties ? how
much does bread ? meat ? &c. &c.
N. B. For the land-tax fee Agriculture. — For
cuftoms and duties fee Inland and Foreign
Trade.
Divifion of Taxes, and their Amount.
1.
Which are the general taxes paid by all ranks of
citizens ? and to what fum are they reckoned to
amount annually ? II.
Which taxes are peculiar to the farmer ? and to
how much do they amount per annum ?
Ill
Which to the commoner ? and their total ?
IV.
Which to the nobleman ? and tlie whole amount ?
V.
Which to the clergyman ? and how much yearly f
VI.
Are there colonies of foreigners in this country ? in
what provinces ? what privileges do they enjoy with
regard

[ 46* ]
regard to taxes and impofts ? and what fum do they
contribute annually ? VII.
Are the foreigners difperfed throughout the coun
try obliged to pay the fame taxes as the natives ? or
wherein does the difference confift ?
VIII.
Is there not a difference in paying taxes according to
the perfuafion of the people ; for inftance, Jews ? &c.
ObjeBs that ought to be taxed in Pre
ference to the Neceffaries of Life.
i.
Is there a tax laid on intoxicating liquors ? how
much ?
Ditto on foreign wine ? dittcl ?
Ditto on foreign luxuries of all defcriptions ? ditto ?
Ditto on diamonds ? ditto ?
Ditto on plate ? ditto ?
Ditto on coaches ? ditto ?
Ditto on fuperfluous fervants ? ditto ?
Ditto on French cooks ? and French hair-dreffers ?
ditto ?
Ditto on balls ? comedies ? operas ? concerts ? ditto?'
Ditto on billiard tables ? cards ? Sec. Sec. ditto ?
Ditto

[ 4*3 3
Ditto on mountebanks ? rope-dancers ? ballad-
fiijgers ? &c. &c. ditto ?
Ditto on printing fongs, romances, plays, mufic ?
Sec. ditto? II.
How much does the tax laid on the faid articles
annually render ? III.
Are there other objefts of this kind on which a tax
is laid ? which are they ? how much do they pay ?
and to what fum does the tax of each annually
amount ?
Luxury. I.
Is the court very fond of foreign luxury, or is it
inclined to diminith even the inland luxury, and by
what means ? II.
Are there fumptuary laws in this country ? are they
kept in force ? and what are their moft remarkable
contents in every refpeft ?
Nature ofthe Taxes.
What taxes are allowed to be really ufeful to the
pountry as far as they prevent idlenefs,- promote in
duftry, and check the extravagance of the natives ?
II. Which

[ 464 3
n.
Which tax is the moft complained of by the far
mer ? and why ? III.
By the commoner ? and why ?
IV.
By the nobleman i and why ?
V.
By the clergyman ? and why >
Diflribution of the Weight of the
.Taxes. 1.
Is rural ceconomy, induftry, and commerce, equally
loaded with taxes? or which of them feems to be
overloaded and oppreffed ?
II.
How much does each branch pay annually ?
Method of colleBing Taxes.
1.
In what manner are the taxes and impofts collefted
in this country i II. In

t 465 3
11.
In how many terms, annually? quarterly? or
monthly ? III.
Is the fyftem of collefting taxes fimple, or a great
number of collectors appointed tb that end} and con
fequently expenfive ? IV.
How many collectors are appointed ? at how much
per annum ? and how much is the whole expence of
collecting ? V.
How many collectors could be reformed without
danger of infufficiency in cafe of too great a number ?
VI.
How does the magiftrate proceed againft a poor
farmer, or commoner, who is difabled by misfortunes
or bad conduft to pay the taxes ?
VII.
How is a nobleman forced to pay taxes ? how a
clergyman ? »

3 O Wife

I 466 2
Wife Regulations with Regard to
Taxation. i.
Which are the wife regulations this country can
boaft of refpefting ufeful taxes ? and their equitable
diftribution ? II.
Which with regard to the ceconomical manner of
collefting them ? III.
And which concerning the remedies for preventing
impofitions and defraudations by the collectors I

SECT.

t 467 3

SECT. XXXIII.

FINANCES.
Hifiorical Invefiigation concerning the Revenue—
Prefent Sources of the Revenue — Methods of
raifing Money — Council of Finances — HiJlorical
Inquiries refpeBing the Annual Expence of Go
vernment — Prefent Expences.

Hifiorical Invefiigation concerning the
Revenue. 1.
JL N what did the revenue of the ftate confift in the
earlieft times ? how has it been gradually increafed in
the different reigns ? and to what fum did it amount
laft year ?
Prefent Sources qf the Revenue.
1.
Wherefrom does the revenue of the ftate now chiefly
arife ? 3 O 2 II. In

C 468 3
11.
In what provinces are the crown lands fituated ? are
they adminiflered for the account ofthe court ? or let
out to farmers ? for how many years ? and how much
do they render annually ? III.
How much is the annual revenue of the taxes ?~
See Taxes and Imposts. IV.
How much of the excife-office ?
V.
How much cuftoms and duties ?— See Cufioms and
Duties, under Inland and Foreign Trade.
VI.
 of the Mines ? — See Mines.

VII.
 of the pofl-office ?
VIII.
1 of the royal manufaftures ?
IX.
 of the mint? — See Mint, under Inland
and Forjign Trade. X. How

C 469 3
x.
How much render the fines for different public
pffences and confiscations J
XI.
How much the-fees fox employments ? titles I
XII.
How much render the ftate lotteries ? and how are
they eftablifhed ? what plan adopted ?
XIII.
Does the prince receive fubfidies ? from what coun
tries I how much from each ?
XIV.
How much do the other branches of the revenue>
inquired for under No. I. render annually i
XV.
What kind of revenue is comprifed under the
name Royalties ? XVI.
Are the finances of this country exhaufted, or a
treafure laid up ? and of what fum is it faid to be ?

Methods

[ 47Q 3
Methods of raifing Money.
i.
What means does government make ufe of for
raifing money, for defraying its charges without
creating murmurs among the people ?
II.
Are free gifts afked without obliging people by
force to pay them i III.
Does government borrow money upon fecurities?
upon what kind of fecurities ? and at how much
intereft ? IV.
How far may be relied on thofe fecurities ? and
upon what ground has the confidence or diffidence of
the natives ? and foreigners, with regard to the go
vernment in former times, been eftablifhed ?

Have the natives as well as^ foreigners always been
regularly paid by government ? or are there fome
refts of ancient debts which will never be difcharged ?
and to what fum do they amount ?

Council

t 471 3
Council of Finances*
1.
What kind of officers are appointed for the revenue
affairs ? are they remarkably clever men ? and what
employments muft they have had before they are pro
moted to the council of finances ?
II.
Is the fyftem of finances perfectly underftood ? an_
what part of it is good ? and which indifferent ?
III.
Is the method of receiving the revenue fimple, or
complicated ? and how many people are employed in
this bufinefs ?
Hifiorical Inquiries refpeBing the An*
nual Expences of Government .
1.
What Were the chief expences of the ftate in the
earlieft times ? how have they been fucceffively in
creafed ? and how are they' in the prefent time ?
Prefent Expences.
1.
What is the annual expence for the land forces ?
II. Fo?

t 472 3
11.
For the fea-forces ? III.'
For the adihiralty ? IV.
For the fortreffes, and fea-ports ?
V.
For new built men of war ? dock-yards? &c.
VI.
For penfions to old or difabled officers ?
VII.
For the hofpitals of invalids and failors ?
VIII.
For the colonies? IX.
Salaries ofthe minifters ? courts of juftice ? &c.
X.
Ditto ofthe ambaffadors at the foreign courts?
XI.
Expences of the government ofthe provinces ?
XII. Expences

[ 473 3
XII.
Expences ofthe falaries of excife-officers ? cuftom-
houfe- officers ? Sec. XIII.
How much is the annual expence for the houfehold ?
and the prince's privy purfe ?
XIV.
For hofpitals ? charitable eftablifliments ?
XV.
For inftruftion of youth in univerfities ? &c.
XVI.
For encouragements given to agriculture ? arts ? ma
nufactures ? commerce ? navigation ? and fifheries ?
XVII.
For encouragements ufag' inventions and difcoveries for
the benefit qf humanity in general, and the country in
particular ? XVIII.
Are fubfidies given to foreign princes ? to whom ?
and how much ? XIX
Is government indebted to the nation { or to fo-
3 P reigners?

[ 474 3
reigners ? to what foreign nation ? and for what
fum I
XX.
In what reign had this debt its origin ? on what
emergencies ? upon what conditions ? and at how
much per cent, has the money been lent ?

SECT.

[ 475 3

SECT. XXXIV.

LAND FORCES.
Hifiorical Invefiigation concerning the Army —
Prefent State of the Standing Army — Expence —
Supply of Horfes — Military Syfiem — Raifing
Soldiers — Training up Soldiers, and Military
Difcipline — Encouragements to Bravery — Cha
raBer of the Soldiers — Education of Young
Gentlemen defigned for the Army — Promotion
of Officers — Quartering of Soldiers — Fortreffes
— Arfenals — Celebrated Perfonages in the Mili
tary Line.

HiJlorical Invefiigation concerningthe Army.
I.

W.

HAT kind of military fyftem was there in
this country in the earlieft times ? in what year was
the firft ftanding army inftituted ? how numerous and
expenfive was it at the beginning ? and how did the
number of foldiers, and the expence of keeping them
fucceffively increafe ? 3 P 2 Prefent

[ 476 ]
Prefent State ofthe Standing Army.
i.
What is the ftate of the infantry in time of peace ?
what is the complement in time of war ?
II.
Ditto of the cavalry ? III.
— — of the artillery ? IV.
How many great guns, mortars, Sec. compofe the
artillery ? V.
What is the ftate of the other military corps in time
of peace ? what in time of war ?
VI.
What is the ftate of a regiment of infantry ?
VII.
Ditto of cavalry ? VIII.
 of artillery ? IX.
— of the remaining bodies ? Expence.

[ 477 3
Expence.

i.
What is the daily pay of all the different degrees of
a regiment of infantry in time of peace ? what in time
of war ? II.
Ditto of cavalry ? III.
 of artillery ? IV.
¦  of the remaining bodies ?
V.
What is the annual expence of the whole infantry
in time of peace ? what in time of war ?
VI.
Ditto of cavalry ? VII.
 of artillery ? VIII.
— — of the other bodies feparately ?
IX.
What is the annual expence of the land forces in
time

t 478 3
time of peace ? what in time of war, on ah average ?— »
See Finances. X.
What annual expences are there befides the above-
mentioned for fortreffes, ammunition, Sec. and to
what fum does each amount ?
Supply of Horfes.
I.
How many horfes does the iight? and heavy cavalry
require in war time ? how many annually on an ave
rage in time of peace ? II.
Is the country fufficient to fupply the cavalry with
the neceffary quantity ? or how many at leaft can it
furnifh ? which province chiefly ? and at what price
III.
From what country is the deficient number pro
cured ? and at what price ?
IV.
What particular qualities are afcribed to a horfe
bred in this country ? can it fuftain long marches ?
and is it capable of bearing much fatigue with a fcanty
allowance ? V.
At what age upon an average are the horfes com
monly

t 479 3
monly mounted ? and to what age may they be ufed
to advantage ? VI.
What care is taken to increafe the breed of horfes
for the fervice ? VII.
What is the ufual method of feeding and managing
horfes in the fervice ? VHI.
What are the moft common and moft dangerous
difeafes of horfes ? how are they prevented ? and
cured I

Military Syfiem.

i.
What care is taken that population, agriculture,
and manufactures, may fuffer as little as poffible by
fupplying the army with recruits ? — See Popula
tion, Agriculture, and Manufactures,
where many queftions relative to this matter are to be
found, II.
Is the permiffion of marrying eafily grantedi to fol
diers ? and how many married men are to be found on
an average in one hundred? — See Caufes ofthe Decreafe
qf Population, under Population. III. Is

[ 48o 3
III.
Is it ufual to employ foldiers in the public works ?
in what works chiefly ? IV.
How is maintaining the wives and children rendered
eafy to foldiers ? V.
Is the foldier permitted to gohome when his prefence
is moftly required in hufbandry ? — See ObfiruBions
to the Progrefs qf Hufbandry, under AGRICULTURE.
VI.
Is not there a kind of militia in this country ?
VII.
How is this militia conftituted ? are the private
men chofen by lot ? or how ? for how many years ?
VIII.
To what number does the militia amount ? and
how many men fupplies each province ?
IX.
By whom are they officered ? and from whom are
the commiffions obtained ? what qualifications are re
quired for an officer ? X.
Is the militia compellable tomarch out ofthe coun.
try J on what emergencies ? XI. At

£ 4«i j
XI.
At what time are they exercifed ? and what is re
markable concerning the difcipline of the militia ?
XII.
How are the different degrees paid ?
Raifing Soldiers.
i.
Are foldiers raifed by force ? or how do the laws of
the country operate in that refpeft ?
II.
What kind of people does the law compel to ? or
exempt from military fervices ?
III.
Is there any gratification given to parents, whofe
children are taken by force ? or bounty money to the
recruits ? and how much ?
IV.
What refources has this country with regard to the
raifing of foldiers? what is the utmoft number of men
that can be raifed in time of neceffity ?
V.
Forhow many years are the natives commonly in-
lifted ? for how many the foreigners I
3 Q VI. How

C 482 ]
VI.
How many foreigners are reckoned to be in the
whole army ? how many men of each different
country ? VII.
What qualifications muft a man have for being
inlifted ? VIII.
Are foreigners of perfuafions different from the
eftablifhed religion received in the fervice ?
N. B. Many queftions relative to this head are to
be found under Population, and State of the
Labouring Poor.

Training up Soldiers, and Military
Difcipline.

How are recruits accuftomed fucceffively to the fa
tigues and innumerable hardfhips of the military life i
and in particular to live for many days upon cold
viftuals ? and to endure the fatigues of marches ?
II.
Which is looked upon as the beft way of training
up the recruits, and in particular teaching tlieir exer
cife ? arc they commonly treated with roughnefs, or
mildnefs i III. What

m.
What kind of punifhment is inflifted upon ftubborn
recruits ? what treatment tends beft to make them.
yield to duty without exafperation, or raifing re-
fentment ? IV.
In what confifts the ufeful exercife of the foot fol
dier, befides the proper ufe of fire-arms, quick
marches, and fyftematic evolutions ?
V.
Are foot foldiers alfo accuftomed to fhoot with
more than common precifion ? to make ufe of the
broad fword ? tofwim through rapid rivers ? to fcale ?
conftruft ? attack ? and defend forts ?
VI.
How much time is commonly required to train up a
foldier ? and inftruft him in all the different parts
of military duty J VII.
Is not the Pruffian fyftem followed with regard to
exercife ? VIII.
What is remarkable refpefting the military dif-
cipline ? IX.
By what means is fubordination in time of peace,
and war, obtained from the higheft to the loweft ?
3Qs X. How

[ 4»4 3
X.
How is defertion prevented ? and how are deferters
punifhed in time of peace ? and how in war time ?
XI.
How are foldiers accuftomed to fobriety and vigi
lance ? XII.
Ho w are they taught to refpeft the right of property ?
XIII.
How are afts of violence, cruelty, and oppreffion
of foldiers towards the labouring poor prevented ?
and punifhed ? XIV.
What method is purfued with regard to court mar-
tials? what remarkably juft laws are therewith regard
to military caufes, and the punifhment of crimes ?
XV.
Are the crimes which the law punifhes, and the pe
nalties which it infiifts, afcertained and notorious ? or
are many things left to the arbitrary difcretion of
the court ? XVI.
What liberties and exemptions are granted to fol
diers in aftual military fervice by the laws of this
country ? Encouragements

[ 485 3
Encouragements to Bravery.

How is good behaviour and bravery encouraged in
the private foldier ? II.
Can a common foldier, be he a native or a foreigner,
by proper conduft, arrive to the higheft degrees in the
army ? III.
What particular notice is taken of the difabled
foldier ? IV.
What liberties, or diftinftions, are granted to com
mon foldiers, who have ferved their country a certain
number of years ? V.
What care is taken for providing for the dead or
difabled foldiers wives ? and orphans ?
VI.
What rigorous laws are there to prevent cowardice,
both in the officer and private ?
VII.
What rewards are there for brave and fuperan-
nuated officers ? are there orders of merit inftituted
for that purpofe ? which are they ? VIII. Are

C 486 ]
VIII.
Are all the knights of the fame rank, or in how
many claffes divided ? what penfion or income an
nexed to each clafs ? IX.
What is the prefent ftate of this knighthood ?
X.
How are old or difabled officers taken care of ?
XI.
How are the widows and children of dead or dif
abled officers provided for ?
CharaBer of the Soldiers.
1.
What charafter is generally given to the common
foldiers ? II.
Is deferting very common, and what are reckoned
the principal motives of defertion ?
III.
Which provinces fupply the army with the beft
foldiers ? which provinces are the leaft famous for
warlike inhabitants? and what , reafon can be given
for that difference ? IV. What

C 487 J
IV.
What influence has education and religion upon the
bravery of the foldiers ? do they believe in predefti-
nation ? V.
Does not the foldiery of this country diflike to be
commanded by a general who is a foreigner ?
VI.
Which troop is looked upon to be the beft of the
whole army ? VII.
What charafter is generally given to the officers ?
are they moftly people of quality ? or is obfcuiity of
birth no obftruftion to military preferment ?
VIII.
In what part of the art of war are the officers of
this country reckoned to excel ? and which is the moft
neglected I
Education qf Toung Gentlemen defigned
for the Army.
1.
Where are the chief fchools for bringing up young
gentlemen for the army erefted ? II. Wherein

r 488 ]
11.
Wherein do the bodily exercifes taught in thofe
academies confift ? III.
How are their bodies hardened and accuftomed be
times to the hardfhips of their profeffion ?
IV.
Since officers have generally more opportunities
than other men to exercife afts of injuftice and cruelty,
what particular care is taken to accuftom the hearts of
young pupils to probity and humanity ?
V.
How is the plan for their theoretical and practical
inftruftions in the military fciences conceived ?
VI.
Is the art of fortifying, attacking, and defending
places, taught only thofe pupils who with to enter
into the body of engineers ? or is every pupil obliged
to apply to this ftudy ?
Promotion of Officers.
1.
Is merit and time alone capable of promoting an
officer ? or may military degrees be Obtained by pro
tection ? or for money ? II. In

t 489 3
11.
"In cafe buying-and felling commiffions be permitted,
what is the average price of the different degrees ?
III.
How much per cent, does the money laid out for a
military degree render to the purchafer?
IV.
What order muft be obferved in buying and felling
military advancement ? has feniority the preference ?
gartering of Soldiers.
1.
Are the troops quartered in barracks, or lodged in
private houfes ? and what regulations are there con
cerning this objeft ?

Fortreffes.

How is this country, and the frontiers of it in par
ticular guarded againft hoftile invafions ?
II.
What fortreffes are there in this country ? and in
what parts are- they fituated ?
3R III. According

t 49° 3
m.
According to what fyftem is each eonftrufted v
which are reckoned to be impregnable ? and why ?
IV.
Can they always procure the neceffary ftores ?
Arfenals. 1.
Where are the chief arfenals for the land forces?
how many guns and mortars ? and what quantity of
fmall arms do they contain ?
II.
Are the arms made in thofe arfenals, or where ?
III.
What remarkable forts of arms are made in them ?
IV.
What is the price of the different forts of arms,
made in the arfenal, to the prince ?
V.
Do thefe arfenals fupply foreign countries with
arms ? which ? and iji what quantity on an average ?
Celebrated

[ 49» 3
Celebrated Perfonages in the Military
Line. i.
Who are the moft famous officers among the an
cients, that deferve an immortal name for their valour
in defending their country ?
II.
Who are the moft celebrated amongft the living ?
and wherein do their fervices rendered to this country
confift ? III.
Which are the moft celebrated works on tafticks,
fortifications, artillery, &c. publifhed in this country ?
IV.
What inventions, difcoveries, Sec. In the military
line are attributed to this nation ?

3R2 SECT.

C 49« 3

SECT. XXXV.

NAVY.
Hifiorical Inquiries relative to the Navy — Prefent
State — Manning the Fleet — Precautions for
preferving the Health ofthe Seamen on Board-
Humane Inflitutions for difabled Seamen, Sea
men's Widows, and Children — Articles for the
Government ofthe Navy — Court of Admiralty.

Hifiorical Inquiries relative to the
Navy.

X. N what reign had the navy its beginning ? how has
it made its fucceffive progrefs ? and which are its moft
remarkable epochas and revolutions ?
Prefent State ofthe Navy.
I.
Of how many fhips of each rate is it compofed ?
II. What

C 493 3
II.
What complement of men have they i
III.
Of what weight is their metal in the different
batteries ? IV.
Of what age are the fhips on an average ?
V.
What is the name of the oldeft fhip in the navy ?
and in what year was the built?
VI.
How many officers? marines? and failors are re
quired for the navy in time of peace ? and what are
their monthly wages ? VII.
How much is the falary of the admiralty a month
in time of peace ? VIII.
How much cofts the whole navy annually in time of
peace ? IX.
How many officers ? marines ? and failors, are em
ployed in the navy in time of war ? and what are their
monthly wages then ? X. What

f 494 1
X.
What is the falary of the admiralty a month in
time of war ? XI.
How much cofts the whole navy annually in time of
war ? XII.
How has the navy been thefe five ? ten ? twenty-
five ? and fifty years ? and the expences for it, com
pared with the prefent ftate ?
Manning the Fleet.
i.
Are the feamen regiftered ? and fince what year ?
II.
In how many claffes are the regiftered feamen di
vided ? and how many are there in each clafs ?
III.
How is the fleet manned in time of war ? is it regu
larly fupplied by regiftered feamen ? or are failors
impreffed ? or received as volunteers ? and is a bounty
given to them ? and how much ?
IV.
What formalities are obferved at the manning of
the fleet ? and what contract: made with the failors i
what thare of the prizes are given to them ? V. Are

_ 495 3
V.
Are foreign failors alfo received in the fervice of
the fleet ? from what country are they chiefly ?
VI.
Upon what conditions do they engage ?
VII.
How many foreign failors may be reckoned to be
in the fleet ? VIII.
What tempting privileges and advantages do they
enjoy after a certain time of fervice }
IX.
In what port is the greateft number of thofe failors
to be found, who with to be received in the fleet?
Precautions for preferving the Health
of Seamen on Board.
i.
Which are the moft common, and moft ravaging
difeafes incidental to feamen when in the fleet ? what
occafions them ? II.
How are thofe diftempers prevented ? and how are
the fick, who have been attacked by them, cured ?
III. Is

C 496 3
hi.
Is not the fhip's crew perhaps too numerous? and
confequently the air in the fhip rendered very bad ?
IV.
Are the feamen obliged to keep their bodies always
very clean ? V.
¦ to change linen at leaft once a week ?

VI.
to air their beds daily ?
VII.
to bathe feveral times a week in cold

water ? VIII.

to keep the body in continual exercife ?

IX.
Are iron veffels preferred to thofe of copper for
the ufe of the kitchen ? X.
Are the failors abundantly fupplied with pickled
vegetables, four-crout, lemons, malt, and other
antifcorbuticks ? XI. What

[ 497 3
XI.
What happy difcoveries have lately been made in
phyfick, with regard to the moft proper manner of pre
venting ? and curing difeafes peculiar to fea-faring
men ? XII.
What authors have written with the greateft fuccefs
on the diftempers of the fleet ?
Humane Inflitutions for Difabled
Seamen, Seamen's Widows, and Children.
I.
In what places are convenient hofpitals for the re
ception of difabled failors erefted ? and how are thofe
worthy objefts of the generofity of government pro
vided for ? II.
How is the fund for maintaining the faid hofpitals
raifed ? and to how much does the annual expence
amount ? III.
What wife meafures are taken for maintaining and
employing the failors widows ? and in what place is
there an eftablifhment for them ?
IV.
What care is taken of the poor fatherlefs children ?
where ? and how are they maintained ? how are they
3 S brought

t 498 3
brought up ? in what inftrufted ? and how difpofed
of when _t age to earn their bre_d ?
V.
What becomes ofthe poor foreign failors, who
have been difabled in the fervice of this country; are
they alfo provided for, or are they difmiffed without
taking notice of their pitiful fituation ?

Articles for the Government of the
Navy* 1.
Which are the wifeft laws for tlie government of the
fleet how kept in force ? II.
How is every individual forced to obey the orders
of his 'fupeiioT officers ? HI.
How are they prevented from giving to ? cr hold
ing intelligence with an enemy ?
IV.
How are the officers, 'inferior officers, and men,
encouraged to glorious aftions ? V. How

f 493 3
V.
How is deferting tp an enemy }'av running away
with a fhip, prevented, ? VI.
How is mutiny ? driinkennefs ? and qqarrellyig
prevented ? VII.
How are leffercrim.es presented ? and punifhed ?
VIII.
In what refpeft does the code of naval laws feem
to be defective ?
Court qf Admiralty, i.
Of what individuals is the court of admiralty com-
pofed ? what caufes come under its jurifdiftion ? and
how far does it extend with regard to diftance ? and
power ? II.
By what law is this court generally ruled ? are not
partly the Oleron, Rhodian, and Wifbuy Laws ? and
partly the ufes and conftitutions of Genoa, Pifa,
Meffina, Marfeilles, &c. received ?
III.
Which of the ancient and modern laws deferve
tp b? particularly noticed ?
3 S S VI. Who.

[ 5«o J
IV.
Who is appointed high admiral ? and what ufeful
regulations has he made for the benefit of this country ?
V.
Do the decifions of the court of admiralty admit of
any appeal ? and to what court ?
VI.
How are the prizes fhared ? and what part belongs
to the high admiral ?

SECT.

[ 5Q1 3

SECT. XXXVI.

CONSTRUCTION of MEN of WAR,
Dock-Yards, and their Superintendency — Naval
Stores, and ViBualling of the Fleet — Propor
tions of the different Rates of Ships — Qualities
of the ConflruBion — Powder- Mills — Cafling
Ship's Guns — Progrefs in Gunnery — School of
Navigation, and Ship- Building — Improvements
in both.

Dock- Yards, and their Superintendency.
I.
VV H IC H are the chief ports for the reception of
fhips of war ? and which are the principal dock-yards
for building them ? II.
What individuals are intrufted with the care of the
dock-yards ? of what members is the body of naval
architects compofed ? and who is the prefident ?
III. Who

[ 5<>2 }
III.
Who are the moft famous naval architects now in
the fervice ,of this country ? what countrymen are
they ? what convincing proofs have they given of their
fuperior fkill in fhip-building ?
IV.
What is the falary ofthe naval architects ?
V.
Are all the fhips of war built in this country ? or in
what foreign dock-yards are fome of them eon
ftrufted ? VI.
How many ? of what force ? and at what expence
per gun ? VII.
How much is the navy annually increafed on an
average ? and how many fhips of war are annually
built in each dock-yard ? VIII.
How much does a fhip of war coft in proportion to
her number of guns ? and how much is reckoned per
gun on an average > IX.
How much time is required to build, and fit out a
firft rate ? and how many men are employed in the
Work i Naval

C 563 ]
Naval Stores and ViBualling qf the
Fleet. 1.
How does government encourage the nation to pro
duce as much as poffible all the neceffary naval ftores
within the country, in order to avoid a dependence
On foreigners ? II.
Is the neceffary care taken to preferve all forefts
in general; and particularly thofe that are fituated
near the fea-coafts; and 011 the banks of navigable
rivers ? III.
Where is the timber for building fhips 6f war
brought from? how much on an average is' annually
wanted ? and at what price is it bought ?
IV.
Where do the mafts come from ? how many on art
average are annually required ? and wh.t is their
price ? V.
Where are the planks brought from ? what quantity
is annually ufed ? and what price do they bcari
VI.
The fame three queftions .refpefting hemp ?
VII. The

[ 5»4 3
VII.
The fame eoncerning cables and cordage ?
VIII.
Ditto fail cloth ?

tar and pitch ?

irorf ?

IX.

X.

XI.
Where are the anchors made ? how many annually ?
and at what price according to their weight ?
XII.
Are all forts of nails made in this country ? how
many cwt. annually confumed ? and what is the price
of them ? XIII.
Are brafs or iron guns moftly ufed ? where does
each fort of them come from ? what quantity annually
wanted ? and what is the price per lb. for each fort ?
XIV.
What place fupplies the arfenal with fire-arms ?
what quantity is to be found in the arfenal of each
fort ? and "hat is the price of each kind ? XV. What

C 505 3
xv.
What quantity of ordnance is kept in the arfenal ?
XVI.
Where does gunpowder come from ? what quantity
is annually wanted in time of peace ? and what is the
price ?
Xvu.
Where are cannon balls brought from ? what is their
price ? how many thoufand are always kept ready in
the arfenal ? XVIII.
From whence is the fleet fupplied with the different
forts of fait meat ? what quantity is confumed annu
ally in time of war ? what are the prices of the dif
ferent forts of meat ? XIX.
Where is the fea btifcuit made ? how much con
fumed annually in time of war ? what is its price ?
XX.
Are there other naval ftores of importance1 requifite
for the navy ? where are they brought from ? what
quantity annually wanted ? and what is their average
price ? XXI. ¦.:¦-.¦: r '¦''
Are all the neceffary naval ftores that muft Jbe
imported from foreign countries always t6 be had ?'or
3 T which

C 5°6 ]
which of them may at times be withheld, fo that
the equipment of the navy could be ftopt by it ?
XXII.
How is the fleet victualled ? is it by contract ?
XXIII.
Which are the moft important articles for victual
ling the fleet ? how much wanted of each annually in
time of war ? and what is the expence ?
Proportions of the different Rates of
Ships. i.
In how many rates are the fhips of war of this
country divided ? II.
How many guns does each rate mount ? of what
weight of metal are they according to the different
decks or batteries ? III.
With how many men is each rate manned, in
cluding officers, feamen, marines, and fervants ?
IV.
How many men are ufually allotted to each gun ?
V. How

[ 5°7 }
V.
How much is the length of the keel of each rate >
VI.
How much is the length of the lower deck of each
rate ? VII.
How much is the extreme breadth of each rate ?
VIII.
What is the depth of the hold of each rate ?
IX.
What is the burthen in tons of each rate?
Qualities of the ConflruBion.
i.
Are the fhips able to fail fwiftly ? what is the
greateft fwiftnefs an hour ? and what rate is the beft
calculated for failing quickly ?
II.
Which rate feems the moft proper for fea fights ?

III. *
Do they carry fail firmly ? arid (leer well ?

3T2 IV. Do

I 508 3
IV.
Do they drive little' to leeward, and fuftain the
fliocks of the fea, without being violently ftrained ?
V.
How many feet do they carry their lower tier out of
the water ? VI.
How many years may a well-built fhip be navigated
advantageoufly ? Powder-Mills. I.
Where are the chief mills for making gunpowder
erefted ? II.
Has the art of making gunpowder been very much
peifeftioned ? in what manner are the ingredients of
powder, viz. falt-petre, fulphur, and charcoal, pre
pared ? proportioned ? mixed ? and granulated for
making cannon powder ? how for mufket powder ?
III.
How do they increafe the force of the gunpowder ?
and how do they calculate it ?
IV.
How is powder preferred againft damp ? V. What

[- 5°9 3'
V.
What are the prices of the different forts Of powder
on the fpot > S [-> vJLs. A
How is damaged powder and fpoilt powder reco
vered and rectified ? VII.
What valuable fecrets with regard to powder does
this country boaft of ?
Calling Ships Guns.
i.
Which are the chief places for cafting great guns ?
mortars ? &c. II.
What quantities ? and in what proportion does
copper ? brafs ? and tin, enter into the compofition of
brafs guns ? III.
What is remarkable concerning the manner of
cafting cannons ? mortars ? and hewitzers ? &c.
IV.
How is the machine for boring the cannons eon
ftrufted ? V.
Which pofition for boring cannons is preferable, the
perpendicular, or the horizontal ? and why? VI. What

[ 5i° 3
VI.
What proportions are obferved with regard to each
fort of guns, as to the length and weight of the can
non ? to the thicknefs of the metal at the breech and
mouth ? to the diameter at the muzzle ? charge and
v/eight of the bullet ? which is the horizontal range ?
which the greateft range ?
Progrefs in Gunnery.

What progrefs has the art of gunnery made in this
country ? wherein are the gunners allowed to excel ?
II.
How often can they fire without cleaning the gun ?
and how often in one minute ?
School of Navigation & Ship-Building.
i.
Wliat care is taken to bring young people up for
the fea fervice ? II.
In what places are public fchools for navigation and
fhip-building erefted ? III.
How is the plan of education ? Improvements

[ 5H ]
Improvements in both.
I.
What improvements have lately been made in the
art of navigation ? and fhip -building ?
II.
Are they kept fecret, or are they publickly known ?
and in what do they confift ?
III.
Is it ufual to copper fhips of war ? what effeft is
felt from that invention ? is the worm entirely re
fitted ? how many years does the copper laft ? and of
what expence is it for a firft rate fhip ?
IV.
Are there very exaft fea maps exifting, particularly
of the depth of the fea on the coafts ? what is the
name of the publifher ? V.
Where are the nautical inftruments made ? and
how far have they been improved ?
VI.
How are fhips whofe bottoms are worm-eaten pre
vented from leaking ?
N. B. For the reft fee Navigation upon the
Sea. SECT.

SEC T. XXXVII.
SOVEREIGN.
Education of the reigning Prince — His Reign.

Education of the reigning Prince.
i.
XJlT what age was the prince's education committed
to men ? 11.
Who are thofe men who have been intrufted there
with ? and in what hne was each of them employed ?
III.
What means have been employed to give firmnefs
to the conftitution, and vigour to the body of the
-prince ? IV. Has

C 513 J
IV.
Has the prince betimes been accuftomed to be obe
dient to his preceptor and tutors ?
V.
What care has been taken to infpire the young prince
with a veneration for the Supreme Being ? to refpeft
virtue ? property ? Sec. VI.
How has juftice? clemency? piety? modefty? cou
rage ? &c. been inculcated into the prince's heart i
VII.
To what purpofes has he been accuftomed to em
ploy his pocket money ?
VIII.
Did he difcover a generofity towards deferving peo
ple, and liberality towards the poor ? or was he pro
digal without felefting the merits of the receivers ? or
was he remarkably parfimonious ?
IX.
What plan was purfued to improve the prince's
underftanding ? in what did his chief ftudies confift,
and wherein has he made the greateft progrefs ?
X.
How were the hours of the! day diftributed during"
the time of education ? ¦¦¦...',
3U XI. Which

[ 5i4 3
XI.
Which were his favourite amufements ?
XII.
What charafter has been given the prince by thofe
who were beft acquainted with it ; and what opinion
had the majority of his governors concerning his abi
lities and inclinations to render the people happy,
and his reign glorious ?
XIII.
Did the prince ever betray any propenfity to war
like enterprizes ? XIV.
What nations were odious to him ? and which were
in his favour ? Reign. I.
At what age did the prince fucceed to the throne ?
and to what age does the minority laft ?
II.
How is the prince's bodily conftitution and health !
does it permit him to undergo the hardthips of war ?
or by what kind of Debaucheries does he impair it ?
III. How

t 515 3
in.
How far does the prince make ufe of the principles
of his education ? by what means does he render him
felf beloved by his fubjefts ? and admired by fo
reigners ? IV.
Does the prince refpeft the facred right of property ?
what remarkable inftances has he given of it ?
V.
Does the fovereign entirely rely on his minifters, or
does he inveftigate aTf thofe matters where the welfare
of his fubjefts, or the honour of the crown is con
cerned, without being felf-opinionated ?
VI.
Are the prince's ears thut to flattery, or by what
means do the courtiers gain his affeftion ?
VII.
Who are the modern favourites ? and what cha«
rafters are allowed to them by the public opinion ?
VIII.
What influence have women upon the prince's
heart ? and behaviour ? IX.
Has he a due regard for the honour of his fubjefts ?
ft U f X, Arc

C 516 3
x.
Are the ladies permitted to meddle with ftate af
fairs ? and what are the names ? and ranks of the
moft powerful ? XI.
How far extends the protection of the princefs and
family ? XII.
What influence has the clergy at court ?
XIII.
How does the prince fpend the day ? what hours
are defigned for ftate affairs ? for amufements ? and
in what diverfions does the prince take the greateft
delight ? XIV.
How is the prince in his private life ? does he give
a good example to his fubjefts t
XV.
Which are the prince's favourite maxims and
fayings ? XVI,
Which are the prince's moft violent paffions and
weakneffes ? and how far does he difguife them ?
XVII.
What ftriking inftances of humanity and benevo
lence are related of him ? does he extend his good nefs

[ 517 3
nefs of heart even to brutes, or is he indifferent to
their fufferings ? XVIII.
Is the prince popular without debafing himfelf?
does he admit the inferior clafs of his fubjefts to the
throne ? XIX.
Does he hear their complaints with attention, and
how are the petitioners difmiffed ?
XX.
Is the prince reported to be ftriftly juft? which are
the wifeft laws and regulations made under the prince's
reign ? XXI.
And which are thofe that are not approved of by
judicious citizens ? XXII.
Are the people upon the whole happier or unhap-
pier in the prefent reign than in the preceding ones ?
and why fo ? does the prince prefer the bleffing of
peace to dearly bought conquefts ?
XXIII.
Upon what occafions does the prince fhew the mag
nificence fuitable to his rank ? and wherein is he re
markably parfimonious ? in his domeftic life ? in the
adminiftration of finance ? or in what chiefly ?
XXIV. Does

[ S-8 3
XXIV.
Does he allow confiderable fums for the fupport of
the dignity of embaffies at foreign courts ?
XXV.
May foreigners, as well as natives, rely on the
prince's promifes ? XXVI.
Is he' generous in rewarding public fervices ? and
what inftances can be cited of it ?
XXVII.
What crimes does the fovereign punifh with the
greateft rigour ? and is he not more anxious to pre
vent them by wife regulations than by the fear of
fevere punifhments ? XXVIII.
Has the number of executions, and prifoners in
creafed, or decreafed under his reign ? how many
punifhments with death may be reckoned to be in
flifted annually on an average ? and is the total num
ber of the prifoners known ?
XXIX.
How does the fovereign promote ufeful knowledge
amongft his fubjefts ?
XXX. How

C 519 3
xxx.
How does he encourage arts and fciences ?
XXXI.
How are artifts and men of letters received at his
court ? and how diftinguifhed ?
XXXII.
Is the prince very fcrupulous in the choice of his
minifters ? and what muft be their neceffary qualifica
tions ? XXXIII.
Does the fovereign infift upon the juft execution of
the laws of his country ? and is he thought to have the
higheft refpeft for them ?
XXXIV.
Does the fovereign take the utmoft care that the
fucceffor to the crown be educated in fuch a manner,
as the happinefs and welfare of the country require ?
XXXV.
Is the court fplendid ? and how is the houfehold
eompofed, as to dignity ? and number of its offices ?
N. B. Concerning the increafe or decreafe of taxes,
during the prefent reign, fee Taxes and Imposts.
Many informations relative to the court are to be
found in the Court Calendar. As

[ 526 J
As it is very defirable to be enabled to form a
proper Judgment of the refpe&ive Wealth,
or Wretchednefs of a Nation, nothing can
be more acceptable to a Traveller than the
following Directions of one of the mofi
celebrated Political Writers* the Rev.
Dr. Tucker, Dean of Gloucefter, con
tained in his Inftru_tions for Travellers*
publifhed in the Year 1757, in 4to.

GENERAL RULES
To judge of the comparative Poverty, or Riches of
a City, Town, or Country, in paffirig through it.

X-J E T the traveller inquire the relative price both
of land and money ; thefe being the certain criteria of
the riches or poverty of a country : criteria, like the
alternate buckets of a well, where the afcent of the
one neceffarily fuppofes the defcent of the other.
Thus, for example, where the intereft of money is
high, the price of lands muft be low ; becaufe the
height of the intereft is a proof, that there are many
to borrow, yet few to lend. And if fo, then it
follows

C 5^i 3
follows, that wherever there are but few lenders of
money, there cannot be many purchafers of land.
On the contrary, were the intereft to be exceeding
low, the price of lands muft rife in proportion ; be
caufe the lownefs of intereft is an infallible proof, that
there are many perfons in that ftate capable of making
purchafes ; and yet but few, who want to fell, or
mortgage their eftates. But the effefts of high or low
intereft are yet to be extended a great deal further ;
inafmuch as the employment, or non- employment of a
people, and confequently their riches, or poverty,
will be found to depend in a confiderable degree on
one or other of thefe things. To illultrate this, let
us fuppofe the intereft of money to below in England,
as it really is, but high in France. Therefore an
Englifh landed gentleman can afford, and often doth
borrow money on his eftate, in order to advance the
value of it, to build and plant, and make other im
provements : all which give employment to the com
mon people, at the fame time that they bring clear
gains to himfelf : and the employment of a people is
their riches. On the other hand, a French landed
gentleman cannot afford to do the like ; that is, to
employ the people, becaufe the high intereft of money
would be greater than his returns of profit, or advan
tage : therefore the eftates in France are in no degree
improved, and advanced in valu , like the eftates in
England. And what is here obferved in regard to
the landed intereft, is equally applicable to the mer-
3 X cantile

[ 522 3
cantile and manufafturing s it being a certain faft,
that a tradefman in France would rather choofe to put
out his money to intereft (which by the by creates no
employment) than be content with thofe fmail profits,
which an Englifh tradefman is glad to accept of, be
caufe he cannot turn his ftock or credit to a better
account. Not to mention, that when a French mer
chant or manufacturer rifes to a capital of twelve or
fifteen thoufand pounds, he begins to be fick, and
afhamed of his occupation ; and will ufe all his power,
and not a little of his money, to get himfelf and fa
mily ennobled, in order to wipe off the difgiace of
his original condition. This being the cafe/ it evi
dently follows, that the Englifh in general muft have
larger capitals in trade than the French ; and confe
quently can, and do employ a greater number of peo
ple in proportion. Nay, it follows likewife, that an
Englifh tradefman, with a ftock of ten thoufand
pounds, will aftually underfell his French rival of five
thoufand pounds , even though he fhould pay dearer
for every article of work and labour. This may feem
a paradox to many perfons, who are unacquainted
with calculations or this nature : but it can be none to
thofe, who will confider, that if the Englifhman is
content with five per cent, profits, while the French
man expefts eight or ten per cent, the former may
afford to underfell the latter (efpecially as he has a
double capital) and yet pay Iiigher wages to all hi*
journeymen, and common tradefmen, II. Let

[ 523 3
II.
Let the traveller obferve the condition of the public
inns on the great roads : for they likewife are a kind
of pulfe, by which you may difcover the riches or
poverty of a country. If therefore you find them in
a flourifliing ftate, you may depend upon it, that
many paffengers frequent that roads and the fre
quency of paffing and repaffing is a fure proof, that
bufinefs of fome kind or other is going forward. The
public inns on the great roads in France are generally
bad : — bad, I mean, if compared with the inns in
England : thofe in Languedoc are fome of the beft j
and if you afk, what is that owing to ? it is, becaufe
the trade of Languedoc is more confiderable than the
trade of moft other provinces in the kingdom.
III.
Let the traveller make the like obfervations and
inquiries concerning the number of waggons, which
pafs and repafs the road. Waggons never travel for
the fake of pleafure, but for ufe ; becaufe their in
ducement muft be the carriage, and confequently the
fale of goods : and wherever thefe goods are made,
there the people have found employment in pro
portion. »
IV.
Let him be particularly attentive to the quantity and
quality of the wares to be found in the fhops of the
towns and villages through which he paffes: for
g X b in

[ 524 3
in faft, fuch fhops are no other than the magazines of
the place ; and by that means become the fureft indi
cations of the wealth or poverty of the adjacent neighs
bourhood. In a word, rich cuftomers create rich
fhops ; but no thop-keeper will be fo imprudent as
to provide great ftores of valuable goods, where he
can have no reafonable expectation of vending them.
Therefore, the traveller who goes abroad for the fake
of knowing the ftate of other countries, always calls at
fuch places, whenever he can have time : for, a little
money judicioufly laid out in purchafing any trifle,
which the fhop affords (though, perhaps, not worth the
carrying to die next ftage) will enable him to make
more ufeful difcoveries, and authorife him to afk more
fearching queftions concerning the trade, manufac
tures, improvement, or non-improvement of the
country, than he could .otherwife have done, had he
refided whole months, or, even years among them.
And as this is a fact which the author may be permit.
ted to fpeak to from his own experience ; therefore
he has a better right to recommend it to others.

Let the traveller alfo inquire into the ftate of living
in cities and towns : viz. Whether the inhabitants in
general occupy feparate dwelling-houfes ; or whetlier
many families are crowded into one. If the latter is
the cafe, depend upon it, that the people are poor in
reality, whatever appearance they put on : for fcarce
iiny family would fiitnhit to the inconvenience of
::: lodgers,

[ 525 3
lodgers, or in-tenants, if their circumftances were fuch,
as would enable them to be exempt from it. Not to
mention, that if a family is to be pent up in a room
or two, the quantity of houfehold goods cannot be
great : and yet, were a national inventory to ¦ be
taken in every country, the greateft riches of a ftate
will always be found to confift in houfehold goods.
VI.
Let him further obferve both in town and country,
whether the generality of the inhabitants decorate or
keep neat the outfide of their houfes, and beftow
fome kind of ornament on their grounds and gardens :
for if. they do, they certainly are not in diftrefsful cir
cumftances : the exterior in this refpeCt being a fure
proof of the interior ; and the very doing of thefe
things creates a confiderable quantity of labour. But,
wherever the houfes look dfccayed or miferable ; arid
the adjacent gardens and grounds appear neglected,
and nature lies unimproved ;— there you may allure
yourfelf that the inhabitants either never felt the blef-
fing of profperity, or have loft it.
VII.
Laftly, let him particularly inquire, whether te*
ftants in the country ufually pay their rents in'Kmoney
or in produce : for this is a capital article in difco-
Vering the relative riches or poverty of a country. If
the rent is paid chiefly, or altogether in corn, or cat
tle; er any the like productions of the farm, it is
a fure

[ 5*6 3
a fure fign, that money is exceedingly fcarce, and that
.there are no convenient markets at hand for the tenant
to fell his produce, and convert it into cafh : for if
there were, neither landlord nor tenant would approve
of this method of payment, could another be obtained.
INot the landlord, becaufe it would not always fuit
him to take it in kind ; and becaufe he cannot fo con
veniently exchange it for other neceffaries or conve
niences. Not the tenant, becaufe he would certainly
prefer a free and open market for the fale of his
goods ; and would be very unwilling to fee the beft
of his produce be carried to his landlord for the pay
ment of rent : nay, in fuch a cafe, he will not think
of raifing fo good a produce, as he otherwife would
have done.

&otic£man and jfr_,
PRINTERS,
Throgmorton- Street.

FINIS.

S SAY

A/> fA/7/r/-fs;//At.//r///A /At- • Ay/y/7/7/r.f /•/
'¦//// ///?////¦? A A.j r 7 /¦/////,//./ (////Ar. AAr,
//// .-////,. /Arte A/A/, \. Af///7/// (A/Ar /f//r.////,7f/://r/ f

V

////. > /•/// ?/'.//¦ 7 ff/ 't,
r

//////// 7 ////?///i:i /¦//_ //////A /////A, A///

¦-_ ¦££ <.v

• i

cu/r/rr./ (>/ .^ ///:/ ///>//./, ///// ?r.j////y//-- A,/yr/y , -f. '.'/At/ -
//////'//y,//rr/y./i'//y //'/'<• //7/i///>.j/ri /ft , //>A/////-// /f . AAr

//
i-f//// //////:/ \ ' f f/////f/y//// ///./, /i. '/fr///. ' /////-//./ //////
(y/'/'r7/////////./r /¦/-///// 7/.t///y ///r ///,,.// ,ji ¦ 7//>//./ //,////./
7eA//// /t //>///// /yrr/./ f/f/// • /'/r/f/A/.
f^~C:jT. ^-'r-^'v """^V,^ >-J 'v v "\
<o • O 0 mhuii tc> < cliutcxeo ' ->

CT_.(/.

AA//,'f r

;/y//.jA/ //////< 'Ari-i/y// // i>>A:>, ////////////. A?

////¦. ///.//7//f//fr// /////' A.7/ /////// f- /7//ff /// 7. / \ ff //////A/'y/tf
fy//// s//f.j/ ////r 7/.j////y C f/7.f//rf//f./7f/fr/j,/f///r////f/fr
ft/ // ///////.//////// f/yA'?'///-/ ////y///////:/ ftf'// C/f
r//7//r./A/////r.J,f/f/r/v//> . //////////¦/ 7. il' '//il'/.
^^T^.xij O'cvg^tt j_ti,or)o(b ^.HnVfjfoCb ."^T"
,,AA///f/A//~fA /A/r /f//A/f/ 7 // /''7/A/-7 f/./. t //////////

>/y/

/////// 7 y
. ///.//¦//////

M--S

Inter- j-lztr/ia i'r/v///ta'/i//i /j-/,e/ //i/i-f finrftj/tj-
j-api&ntiae; yuarrtdiu f/r.rr/'r//.j;y////.///////r/7 ///////,
yuid ' yjetenc/un-i, yu/t:/ //rce/.r// /¦/'/////, y///'//
j-uyJe/-v//r//////e, y//.//////..r//////, y///// ///>//rj-/////t,
/J&72 /¦/•// /iff /'/'/-/:///¦//////•/, .i-r// r/v'f/rr .
/_  . ,, — — ^- Seneca
( ";J_,0_VD otz.)
S^A/v/ffA/ff /Ar . (Af/Ac7,f///fA/f'Af/ y
//v. \fr/?o/Mmf»t^ljrr/>e6>r//,. UrJ'uv/ic, Wyc/fhyA i W/-'////Me-;;
I789.
Err/er'd at Stationers! lid 1.

CONTE NTS

VOL. II.
A List of divers Works intended for th«
Instruction of Travellers. Page 1
A Catalogue of the moft interefting
European Travels.

Page

Page

A Driatic Sea, 14
¦**- jEtna (Mount) 15

Aflbw, (the Sea

of) 25

Afturias, - -

25

Aland, - - 16

Athens, - -

- 25

Alps, - - - 16

Athos, (Mount)

25

Alface, - - 18

Auvergne,

- 26

Akai Mountains in

Aunis, - -

- 26

Siberia, - - 19

Auftria, - -

- 26

Altdorf, - - - 19

Baltic Sea, -

- 28

Amfterdam, - 20

Bareith, - -

- 29

Anglefey, - 20

Barrois, - -

- 29

Angermanland, or

Barcelona, -

- 29

Angermania, - 21

Bafil, - -

- 29

Angoumois, - - 21

Bavaria, - -

- 3°

Antrim, - - - 21

Beaujolois,

- 3l

Appenzell, - - 22

Bedfordfhirej -

- 32

Archangel, - - 22

Belgrad, - -

- 32

Archipelago, - 22

-Bellentz,

- 32

Belluno

'_ <£>
pa ^<
as

<fl N K s N& Tf U5 ifl -5 Ui -^ t© CTl'0 0»l n Co rt< -f

0 0 0
r*. c^. r^.

CO
W
H 53O o

IS

.5 i <*

o u

PL,
o a

W

„ ,u
E, 8 « «
J2 6 c c
o o o o
O U o O

C |
u«
p- ~ - ~
o o o o
U U U U

cs c

-a

3
o
O

2" u
I* c
° I

c

o a u o o a

d CO CO ^ ^ U5 U5 IO
cocococococococo

Pi

oo

¦" « 1
c -3
3 £°

hoO CS

32 l. .'t K « rt o -i ^
rqfCiWtfswpqcqpQ'cq

r-^ w r-^ co en
CO CO CO CO CO

tJD3
CJ
c

-a

rt

3

Ph

5

C

3

S

cS

rs

W

«

Q

a

^

rt

CO

¦sf

¦^

f

t> (L) O !-. 3 3
q P Q Q Q Q

bO3
3
w

CO ^ Td^

_>

0 l-

1

1

fc
T3
»
E
,
c 1
cs '
c3
rl
^
tS
rT
t
w
.$
bo
CS
fo*
c
O
E
OJ
1 c
3
on 3
.5 u
'£ csbo
'-B
IS "X,
3 e
f — 1
g
"2
i
5
-2
"c3
o
3
E c
S-.
J-y
1-.
3
"3
«
«S CS
cs
r3
C-
«
u
-C J3
=q
fl
CQ
«
K
2-1
u
o o
U
U
U
U
O
o o
CONTENTS.1'

irf

Page]
Eifenach, - - - 72
Elba, - - - - 72
England, - - 72
Erini, (Saint) - - 90
Ermenonville, - 90
Europe, - go
Ferro IQands, - 103
Ferncy, ' - 104
Fichtelberg, 104
Finland, - 105
Flanders, - - 106
Forez, E- - - 107
Formentera, - 107
Franche Comte, 108
France, - • 108
Franconia, - - 122
Friuli, - .
Geneva, - -
Genoa, - -
Germany, Gibraltar, - - 132
Claris, - . 133
Glouceilerfhire, 133
Glockner Moun
tain, in Tyrol, 134
Gotha, - *• - 134
Gothland, - - 134
St. Gothard(Mt.) 135
Greece, - - - 135

122 122
123123

Page
Greenland, 138
Grifons, Country
of the - 142
Guernley, '- " 142
Hague, - - - 143
Hamburgh, - - 143 \
Hanover, - - 143
Hertfordfhire, ¦ 143
Harwich, • -143
Harz, - - - 144
Hebrides, - - 145
Hermanftadt, 146
Herrnhut, - 146
Heffe, - - 146
Holland, <¦ - 147
Holftein, - - 151
Hungary, - - 151
Icy Sea, - 153
Iceland, - . . 153
Ireland, - - 156
Iftria, - 158
Italy, - - - 158
Jutland, - - 171
Kent, - - 171
Kerry, - - - 171
Kiel, - -» 171
Kilda, St. - - 172
Kilia Nova, - - 172
Kupferberghen, 172
Lancafhirs

V!

CONTENTS.

Page

Page

Slefwick,

- 238

Turkey, -

261

Spain, - -

- 238

Tufcany, r

268

Spaw,

- 244

Ukraine,

268

Spitfbergen,

- 2i4

Upland,

269

Staffordfhire,

244

Vallengin,

269

Stiria, - -

- 245

Velai,

269

Stirlingfhire,

245

Venice, - - -

269

Stockholm,' -

246

Verfailles, - .

270

Strait Davis,

- 246

Vefuvius, " "

27°

Strafburgh,

" 246

Vienna, ,

273.

Surrey,

. 246

Wallachia,

272

Suffex, - -

, 247

Wales, - . .

273

Swabia, - -

- 247

Warwickfhire,

274

Sweden,

- 248

Vv aterford,

274

Switzerland,

250

Waygats Sa'i.rs,

274

Tartary,

- 257

Weimar,

274

Temefwar, "

" 259

Weftmoreland,

-75

Teneriffe,

- 259

Weftphalia,

z75

Theffaly,

- 259

Wight (Hie of)

¦ 275

Thracia,

" 259

Wurtemberg,

276

Tirol, - -

- 260

Yorkfhire, . -

279

Tranfylvania,

- 260

Yvica, - - - -

276

Triefte,

- 260

Zante,

276

Turin,

- 261

1 Zurch, Lake of

276

CON-

CONTENTS

OF THE

APPENDIX

TO T H

LIST op WORKS,

INTENDED FOR

The inJlruElwn and Benefit of Travellers.
Page 277

CONTENTS

Ofthe Appendix to the European Travels

Pag*;

Page

Archipelago, 278

Germany,

- 279'

Auftria, - 278

Hungary, -

- 280

Baiinat of Temef-

Minorca,

280

war, - - 278

Norway, -

- *28o'

Burgundy, - 278

Ruffia, -

- 28a

England, - - 279

Saxony,

- 281

Friefiand, - - 279

Tufcany, -

- 28.

ERRATA,
The Author begs leave to inform the intelligent reader, that he
did not think himfelf entitled to make any alteration whatever
in the Orthography ofthe titles of the ancient writers contained
in this Catalogue ; therefoie he hopes the deviations from
the prefent manner of fpelling will not be looked upon as
proofs of his want of knowledge qf the modern way of writing,
or of his carelefnefs in correcting.
Errata which have happened in the Prefs, fuch as
the mifplacing, changing, adding or omitting a,
letter, &c. &c. as they make no alteration in the
fenfe, will eafily 'be excufed by all generous readers,
who have a competent Knowledge oj the difficulties
attending the printing qf a work of this nature.

Page 17, line 27, /or De Ben, >WEende.
— 23, — 25, — Conta, — Come.
— 38> — J> — de» — du.
— ib.1— 3, _ II, _IV.
— 40, laft line — Boffano, — Baffano.
— 42> — 2D> — Nun'ez de Pen'a, — Nunez de Peiia.
— 49> — 26, — Daes(Jovisvonder) — Does (Jorisvan der)
— 50, — 27, — ivo. — 8vo.
— 54. — 4. — Troil, _ Troilo
— 67, — 27, — Allius, — Cellius
— 97> — 4> — Montague,(L.M.W.)arfi Letters during her
travels in Europe, &c.
— 109, — 6, after en, add 1774, 1774 Berlin,
— 114, — 18, for Lemhard, recti Leonhard.
— 118, — 6, after London, infert 1673.
— ib. — 8, /V1763, read 1673.

ERRATA.

Page 137, line 14, forjjti,
— ib. — 15, after Amft, 1733, 8vo.
— 140, — 19, — 1653,
— 141, — 6, • — Pari%
— 145, — 24, for Hebrdcs,
— 150, — ig, — Spoert's
— '54> — IS' — *683»
— ib. — 28, — Sorve,
— 160, — 3, — 1782,
— 170, laft line — 3 to.
— 174, — 6, — 1767, 4to.
t- 195, — 5, — 1689,
— 196, — 22, after Vallengin,
— 204, — 21, for Malo.
— 205, — 14, — Anzeige,
— 206, — 16, — portative.
— 207, — 1 — 1783,
— 214, — 15, — - Lahman,
— 226, — 14, after Mofcovia,
— 237, — 17, for Hammond,
— 238, — 5, — Slewick,
— 243, — 24, — Murr,
— 252, — 17, — 1757,
— 258, — 7, to regionibus,
-. — ib. — 25, before Zeiten,

readijii. infert 4 torn. A Paris,
1739, 410.
— A Paris, 1672,1676,
— 1643, 1647, 8vo
A Amfterd.
read Hebrides.
.— Spoerl's.
— I7S3-
— Soroe.
— 1728.
— 4to.
— 1771, 8vo.
— 1769.
— a Neufchatel
— Malgo,
— Aufz uge.
— portatif.
— 1782.
— Lehman,
*-_ WUnae, 1586,8V*
read Hammard
— Slefwick.
— by Murck.
— I77S-
add Orientalibus.
trait bewahrteften.

LIST OF DIVERS WORKS

INTENDED FOR THE INSTRUCTION OF

TRAVELLERS.

IN ENGLISH.

AGREEMENTS of the cuftoms of the
Indians and Jews, with inftrucHons for
travellers, 8vo.
A common place-book for travellers.
Andrews's (John) letters to a young gen-,
tleman on his fctting out for France ;
with rules and direftions for travellers, and
various anecdotes relating to the fubjecl.
London, 1784.
Bear-leaders or modern travelling, 8vo.
Bowles's Poft Chaife Companion, 2 vol.
jamo. London.
Ditto -Britannia Depifta, London.
A Companion

( 3 )
Companion for all gentlemen travellers ancl
traders. London, 1709, 8vo.
Dr. Tucker's inftru£lions for travellers, 1757^
4to.
Dialogues on the ufe of foreign travels. London,
1764, 8vo.
Grantham on travels, i2mo.
Howell's inftrucxioris for travellers. 1650.
Kitchen's Poft Chaife Companion, London.
Leigh's (Edward) three Diatribes: or Dif-
courfes of travel, of money, or coins, of
meafuring of the diftance betwixt place
and place. London, 1671, 8vo.
Lettsom's (John Coakley) Naturalift and
Traveller's Companion, 8vo.
Letters to a young nobleman on travels, lamo.
Lassel's defcription of Italy, with inftruc-
tions for travellers, i66d.
Letter of advice to a young gentleman on his
travels, London, 1788, 8vo.
Nelson's inftruftions for foreign travels, 1718,
nmo.
Profitable inftmctions defcribing what fpe-
cial obfervations are to be taken by tra
vellers, by the three much admired ftatef-
men, Robert Earl of Essex, Sir Phi
lip Sidney, and Secretary Davison.
London, 1633.
Patterson's travelling di&ionary, 8vo. 2
vol. The

( 3 >
The infallible guide to travellers, by W. H.
London, 1682, 8vo
Thoughts on ancient and modern travels, 8vo.
Traveller's pocket Book.
Turi.erus (Hie ron imus) the traveller. Lon
don, 1575, 12H10.

IN FOREIGN LANGUAGES.
AUCTORES varii de arte pcregrinandi.
Norimb. 1591, ismo,
AllgemeinesEuropeifches Poft und Reife Buch,
nebft Anzeige aller in Europa gangbaren
Muntz-Sorten, Gcwichte, und Ellen-Maf-
fen. Prefburg, 1783, 8vo.
Bartholinus (Thom.) de peregrinatione me-
dica traftatu-s. Hafniae, 1674, 4to.
Baudelot de Dairval de I'utilite des
voyages, & de l'avantage, que la recherche
des antiquites procure aux f^avans. A
Paris, 1686.gr. ismo. II tomes.
Do. A Paris, 1693. gr. i2mo.
Do. A Rouen, 1727. 8vo. II tomes.
Bellegarde (Jean Baft. Morran Abbe
de) hiftoire univerfelle des voyages par
mer, & par terre, dans l'ancien, & le nou-
veau monde ; avec un difcours preliminaire
fur I'utilite des voyages. A 2 A Paris,

( 4 7
A Paris, 1707. gr. iSmo.
Do. A Amfterdam, 1758. gr. i2mo.
BeRger (Thzod) de prudentia apodemie_»
Lips. 1712, 4to.
Berneggeri (Matth.) difcurfus hiftorico-
politicus, feu differtatio de peregrrnati-
onibus ftudioforum. Argent. 1619, 4to.
Besplas de I'utilite des voyages.
Buddei (Joh. Franc) differtatio hiftorica de
peregrinationibu&Pythogpra:. Jeme, 1692,
4to.
Colerus (Jo. Christoph.) de illuftribus
principum juventutis peregrinationibus-
Witt. 1714, 4to.
Conringi (Herm.) de prudentia peregrinandi
difquifitio politica. Helmft. 1663., 410.
Do. Helmft. 1677, 4to.
Craufii (Rud. Wilp.) programma de peregri-
' nationibus Germanorum, medicae artisftui
dioforum. Jenae, 1704, 4to.
Dietericus (Jo. Conr.) de peregrinatione
ftudioforum. Marp. 1640, 4to.
Dopperti (Jo.) fpicilegium de prifci ac
medii aevi itineribus, doftrinae locuple-
fandae caufa fufceptis. Sneebergae, 1712,
4to.
De arte peregrinandi colleft-io. Lips. 1691.
»2mo.
Difcours fur I'utilite des voyages. A Naples,
1780, 4to. Der-

( 5 )
D-er wohlerfahrne Wandersman. Frankf. 1692,
8vo.
Des wohlerfahrnen Wandersmans erfte Fort-
fetzung. Frankf. 1695, 8vo.
Die rechte Reifekunft oder Anleitung, wie eine
Reife in die Fremde, fonderlich nach
Frankrcich anzuftellen. Frankfurt, 1674,
i2mo.
Der Reifende : ein Wochenblatt zur Aufbrei-
tung gemein-nutziger Kantniiffe. Hamb.
1782, 8vo.
Engel (Maurit.) Diifertatio politica de pru
dentia peregrinandi. Viteb. 1689, 4to.
Extraits des difcours, qui ont concouru pour
le prix, que l'acadcmie des fciences de
Lyon' a adjuge a Monfr. Turlin avocat
au parlement de Paris fur cette quefhion :
Les voyages pcuvent ils etre conlideres
comme un moyen a perfeftionner l'educa-
tion. A Lyon, 1788. 8vo.
Four (Sylv. du) Inftruftion morale d'un pere
a fon fils, qui part pour un long voyage.
A Geneve, 1676; 8vo.
Franci (Nic Barth.) exercitatio academica
de peregrinatione veterum fapientum,
eruditionis ergo fufcepta. Lips. 1679,
4to,
Froelich (Dan.) bibliotheca peregrinan-
tium feu vlatorum, Ulmae, 1643, iamo.
II torn.
Fur-

( 6 j
Fxjrstenhoi.d (Eusebii) examen judicii de
Conftantini Germanici itinerario politico,
1670, i2mo.
Fremder og Reifcnder Hand Lexicon. Kiob.
1780, 8vo.
Gaudentio (Saganino) della peregrinazione
filofophica trattatello con una aggiunta
geografica. In Pifa, 1643, 4to.
Giraloi (Lilii Grecor.) de navigiis & na-
vlgationibus, feu de re nautica libellus.
Basileae, 1540, 8vo.
Gottsched (Joh. Christ.) iingularia Vin-
dobonenfia. Praemittitur praelufio, itineris
litterarii rationem reddens. Lips. 1750,
4to.
Gsatarolus (Guil.) de regimine iter agen-
tium, vel equitum, vel peditum, vel navi,
vel curru feu rheda. Bafil. 1561. i2mo.
Grillo (Jo. Dar.) oratio de peregrinati-
onibus litterariis in academiis recte in-
ftituendis. Francof. ad Viad. 1727,
4to.
Gedankcn iiber Reifen: nebft allgemeinen
Anmcrkungen, wie man folche nutz-
lich anwenden konne. Frankfurt, 1781,
8vo.
GuiNDERODE (FrIED.JuST. FrEYHERR VOn)
Gedankcn uber Reifen, nebft allgemeiner
Anwcifung, wie man folche nutzlich an-
ftcllen konne. Frankfurt, 1781, 8vo. Guia

( 7 )
Guia de caminos para ir por tcdas las provin-
cias de EfpaiTa, Francia, Italia, y Ale-
mania. En Madrid, 1705, 121M.
Hall (Jos.) quo vadis? ou cciifurcs des
voyages cntrepris pa-r les Seigneurs & ies
Gcntilfhommes, traduites de 1'Angloii, par
Jacqucmot, A Geneve, 1628.
Hennf. rs (Joh.) Politifcher Difcours de arte
apodemica, & vera peregrinandi ratione.
Tubing. 1609, ismo.
Hessi (Eobani) de profeftione ad Des. Er-
afmum hodoeporicum. Erf. 1518,410.
Hornii (Georg.) Ulyffea, feu ftudiofus pere-
grinans. Franc. & Lips, 1672, i2mo.
Horning (Reinhold) de peregrinationibus,
utrum litterariis prodeffe queant, nccne?
Regiom, 1725, 4to.
Hoy nov 1 1 (Mich.) differtatio politica de pere
grinatione. Rcfp. & auctore Abrah. Ever-
beck. Regiom, 1691, 4to.
Handbuch fiir Reifende aus alien Standen,
Leipzig, 1784, 8vo.
Hermes politicus, five de peregonatoria pru
dentia. Francof, 1608, i2mo,
Haejfelin (Casim) difcours des influences
des voyages fur le progres des arts, &c.
Manhcim, 1775, 4to. *
Hurd — von dcm Nutzcn der Reifen in
fremdc Lander, in einer Unterredung
zwifchen dcm Lord Shaftefbury and Mr,
John

( 8 )
John Locke : Aus dem Englifchen von
C H. Wilken. Breflau, 1765.
Ditto, untcr Hurd's Nahmen Unterhaltun-
gen iiber die auilandifchen Reifen in
Ruckficht der Erziehung. Leipzig, 1777.
8vo.
Jacobs (Frid. Henr.) de peregrinationum
eruditarum ortu, progreffu, & fine. Jenae,
1705, 4to.
Jordan (P. Simon) von dem Nutzen der
Reifen ; unter dem Nahmen verfchiedenes
zum lefen von Mr. Raodin. Augfburg,
1768.
Judicium de Conftantini Germanici itinerario
politico, 1669, i2mo.
Itineraire des routes les plus frequentees. Paris,
1775, 8vo.
Kriegk (Georg. Nic.) de peregrination!--
bus Romanorum academicis. Jenae, 1704,
4to.
Lettsom (John Coakley) voyageur na-
turalifte, ou inftruftion fur les moyens
de ramaffer les objets de l'hiftoire natu-
relle & de les bien conferver. A Amfter
dam, 1775, i2mo.
Linnaei (Car,) oratio dc neceffitate pere
grinationum intra patriam.
Loescher (Joh. Casp.) de percgrinationibus'
litterariis. Witt. 1697, 4to. Lo'ysii

( 9 )
Loysh (Georg.) privilcgium Mcrcurii, feu de
pracftantiffimis percgrinantium virtutibus,
Spirae, 1601, 2mo.
L'art de voyager utilement. A Amft. 1698,
ismo.
Lehrreiche Nachrichten fiir Reifende. Berlin,
1738, 8vo. IITheilc.
Le voyageur philofophej 2 torn. A Amfterdam,
1761.
La vera guida per chi viaggia, con la de-
fcrizione delle 4 parti del mondo, i6mo.
In Roma, 1771.
Linne (Car. a) inftruftio peregrinatoris.
Upfal. 1759, 4to.
Do. Lugd. Bat. 1762, 8vo.
Le flambeau des voyageurs. A Utrecht, 1765.
Marpergers (Paul Jacob) kiuger und vor-
sichtiger Paffagier, oder Unterrlcht, wel-
chergeftalt Reifende ihre Reifen zu Waffer
und zu Lande klug anftellen mogen. Chem
nitz, 1707, i2mo.
Marperger (Paul Jacob) der feinem Stande
und Profeffion nach wohl unterwiefene
Paffagier. Drefden, 1723, 8vo.
Meienstrand (A) methodus apodemica.
Lips. 1588, i2mo.
Meyeri (Alb.) methodus apodemica. Pvofiock,
1591, 8vo.
Muralt, Lcttres fur les Anglois, & les
Francois, & fur les voyages, 1725, 8vo.
B Do

( « )
Do. 1728.
Methodo apodemico de viajar, en Latin poi*
el P. Don Oliver Lcgipont Aleman, de
la orden de San Benito ; y traducido err
Efpanol por el Doctor Joaquin Marin,
Ao. 1759, en Valencia.
Nemeitz (Joh. Chr.) (anfanglich unter dem-
Nahmen Timentes) Sejour de Paris, oder
Anleitung, wie Reifende von Condition.
fich zu verhalten haben, wenn fie ihre
Zeit und Geld wohl zu Paris anwendea
wollen. Frankf. 1718, 17,22, 8vo. Strafb.
1780, 8vo.
^.  Sejour de Paris, ou inftruftion pour les-
voyageurs de condition,, s'ils veulent faire
un bon ufage de leur terns & argent du-
rant leur fejour a Paris, A Lel-de, iJ-J.
8vo. II torn.
'Oldenburgeri (Phil. Axdr.) (fubnomine
Conftantini. Germanici) epiftola politica
ad Juftinum Sinccrum de percgrinati
onibus Germanorum rcfte inftituendis,.
in qua depinguntur Germaniae Princi-
pum mores, doftrina, inclinationes, vota,.
fpes, & metus, &c. Cofmopoli, 1669,.
i2mo.
Pitsius (Jo.) de peregrinatione. Duffcld.
1604, i2mo,
Pyrckmeier (IIilarius) dc arte peicgri-
naridi, 1591, 12:110, Pcre-

Peregrinandi ars, &c. Norimbergae, -1591.
Ranzovii (Henr.) methodus apodemica, feu
peregrinandi, pcrluftrandique urhes, &.rer
giones ratio, cum Loysii (Georg.) pri-
vilegio Mercurii,. Argent. 1608, i2mo.
Reife und Kauffmanns Almanach. Hamburg,
1782, 8vo„
Reifen in Rucksickt der Erziehung. Leipzig,
1777-
Reichard's (Heinrich Cur.) Hand-Buch
fur Reifende aus alien Standen. Leipzig.,
1785. gr. 8vo. mit 3 Karten.
Sand en de peregrinatione medici. Regiom,
1725, 4to.
Schefelii (Christ. Steph.) pjrogramma de
peregrinationibus Philiatror.um, earumque
utilitate Griphifw. 1730, 4to.
Sci-ioening (Godof.) de peregrinatione, auc-
tore & refpondeute Joh. Hard ero. Vi-
teb. 1697, 4to,
Schlozer's (A. L.) Entwurf zu einem Rei-
fe Collegium. Getting. 1777. 8vo.
Senstii (Joh. Chr.) differtatio de pere
grinatione dofta rite inftituenda, Roft.
1716, 4to.
Stockharti (Gottl.) idea ftudlofi peregri-
nantis. Lipfiae, 1688, 4to. >
Saggio per fervire alia ftoria de'viaggi filofofici,
e dei prencipi yiaggiatori. In Venezi^,
1780, 8vo,
B 2 Schle-

( 12 )
Schiegel's (Gottl.) Chriftliche Betracht-.
ungen auf Reifen. Riga, 1782, 8vo.
Sprengel's (M. C.) Gefchichte der wichtig-
ften geographifchen Entdeckungen durch
Reifen. Hall. 1783, 8vo.
Schorart's (Aug. Wiih.) thefaurus pere-
grinantium, oder Anweifung, wie ein Rei-
fender fremde Lander eigentlichbetrachten
foil. Frankf. an der Oder, 1 708. 8vo.
Thomash (Jenkin) oratio de peregrinatioriis
litterariae infigni utilitate. Bafil. 1707,
4tc.
Timmh (Jo) Ulyffes Germanicus, oder ver-
nunftmaffige Abhandlung der von Teut-
fchen anzuftellendeh Reifen. Bremen,
1734, 8vo.
Voyage de la raifon en Europe, 1772.
Verhaltungs Regeln fur unerfahrne Reifende zu
Pferd. Gera, 1783, 8vo.
Vedari, il viaggio in prattica per chi vuol vi-
aggiare per tutte le ftrade e pofte d' Eu-
ropa. In Venezia, 1742, i2mo.
Wei gel's neu erfundener Reife-Rath. Jena
1674, 4to.
Willi (Joh. Valent) fub nomine (Joach.
Viti) Wigand differtationes tres de Philia-
trorum Germanorum itineribus. Friburgi
& Francof. 1678, umo.
Willebrand's (Joh. Petr.) hiftorifche Bc-
richte und praftifche Anmerkungen auf
Reifen

( '-3 3
Reifen in Deutfchland, und andern Lan-
dem. Hamburg, 1758, 8vo. Frankf. &
Leipz. 1758, gr. 8vp. Leipz. 1769.
Wincki.eri, de prudentia apodemica, Vit.
1720, 4to.
Zamelh (Godof.) ftudiofus apodemicus, feu
de peregrinatione ftudioforum, Brernae,
1651, i2mo.
Zextgravh (Joh. Joach.) differtatio de pe
regrinatione apodemica.
Zwingeri (Theod.) methodus apodemica in
gratiam eorum, qui in quocumque vitae
genere peregrinari cupiunt. Bafil. 1577»
4to. Argent, 1594, 410.
^obel's (Ern Frid.) Neu eingerichtetes Hand
und Reifebuch. AltdorfT, 1755. 8vo. Altd.
1774, 8vo.

A Ca-

C M 1
'iA catalogue
OF THI MOST INTERESTING-
EUROP E AN TRAVELS
Which have teen published in different Languages
From the earlieft Times down to Sept. Sth. 1787.

D

ADRIATIC SEA.
ONATI (Vitaliano) Saggio della ftoria
naturale marina dell'Adriatico, con lettera
del Sigr. Leonardo Seller intonio ad un
nuovo genere di piante terreftri. In Ve-
nez. 1750, 4to,
The fame work has been publifhed in German. Hall,
1753, 4to.
Ditto in French. Ala Haye, 1758, 4to.
Spalanzani (Abbate) Lettere al Sigr. Mar-
chefe Lucchefmi di fuo viaggio attorno le
cofte dell' Adriatico. In Pavia, 1783, 4to.
IV vol,
,ETNA

( '5 1

^TNA MOUNT.
Bembi (Pet.) de Aetna ad Gabrielem liber.
Venct. 1495, 4to.
Do. Venct. 1530, 4to. Lugd. 1552, 8vo.
Carrera (Pietro) il Mongibello. In Ca
tania, 1636, 4to.
Hamilton's- • (Sir Wm.) Obfervations on
Mount Vefuvius, Mount Aetna, and other'
Volcanos, in a feries of Letters. London,
1772,. 8vo.
Ditto in German. Berlin, 1773, 8vo.
Do. Bericht vom gegenwartigen Zuftand des
Vefuvs, und Bcfchreibung einer Reife in
die Provinz Abruzzo, und nach der In-
ful Ponza. Drefden, 1787, 8vo.
Hamilton's (Sir Wm.) Campi Phlegrei :
Obfervations on the Volcanos of the
two Sicilies, &c.
Obfervations fur les Volcans des deux Si-
ciles, &o A Naples, 1776. gr. fol. II
torn.
..  oeuvres complcttcs du Vefuve & de
l'Etna commentecs par Mr. l'Ae be Gi-
raud Soulavie. A Paris, 1781, 8vo.
Ho.modeis (Ant. Philothei de) Aetnae
topographia, inGendiorumque Aetneorum hiftoria

hiftoria ; ex cditione Nic. Oddi. Venet.
1591, 410.
Severus (Publ. Cornel.) Etna, uberfezt
von C. A. Schmid. Braunfchw. 1769,
8vo.
ALAND.
RuDBEck's (Olof) Nora Smoland eller up-
lyfte Lapland & Rudbeckii filii (Olai)
Lapponia illuftrata, & iter per Uplandiam,
Angermanniam, Bothniam, item Fiulan-
diam, Alandiam, &c. Upfaliae, 1701,
4to. ».

ALPS.
Bourrit (M. Th.) nouvelle defcription des
Glacieres de Savoye, particulierement de
la vallee de Chamouni, & du Mont Blanc.
A Geneve, . 1785, 8vo.
 Befchreibung der Savoifchen Eifge-
biirge oder Fortfetzung der Befchreibung
der Penninifchen und Rhaetifchen Alpen.
Zurch, 1786, 8vo.
Bourrit (Marc. Theod.) Voyage pitto-
refque aux glacieres de Savoye en 177:2.
Ditto. A Geneve, 1773. 121110. Ditto

( 17 7
Ditto in German. Nurnberg, 17^5, 8voi &
Gotha, 1775, 8vo.
Ditto in Dutch, t' Amflerdam, 1779. gr. 8vOi
Do. Dcicription des Alpes Pennines & Rhe-
ticnnes. A Geneve, 1781. 8vo. II tcm.
Ditto in German. Zurch, 1782, 8vo.
Conturbio (Gio.) Dcfcrizione delle Alpi,
che dividono l'ltalia dalla Germania, e
dalla Francia, con i paflij per dove pol-
fono condurii cferciti. In Milano, 1620,
4to.
Hacquet's (B.) Phyficalifch-politifche Rei
fen aus den Dinarifchen, durch die Ju-
lifchen, Carnifchen und Rhaetifchen in
die Norifchen Alpen in den Jahrcn, 1781,
und 1783. Leipzig, 1785. gr. 8vo. 2
Th.
Luc (Jean And. de) Relation de differens
voyages dans les Alpes de Faucigny, avec
les annotations du traduftcur. A Maf-
tricht, 1776, 8vo.
Ditto in German, Bern, 1775. gr. 8vo. Leipzig,
»777, 8vo.
Nerini (F. M.) Iter Subalpinum> cura (J.
C.) Fifcheri. Francof. & Lipiiae, 1754,
8vo.
m. Saussure (Horace** Ben.) Voyages dans
les Alpes, precedes d'un effai fur l'hif-
toire naturelle des environs de Geneve.
A Neufchatel, 1779, gr, 4to.
C Po.

Do. A Geneve, 1780, gr. 8vo. II torn. A
Geneve, 1786. gr. 8vo. Tom. III. & IV
Ditto in German. Leipzig, 1781. gr. 8vo. //
Th. Leipzig, 1787, 3 Th.
Simleri (Josuae) Vallefiae defcriptio Librf
II. & de Alpibus commentarius, & Collihi
(Cafp.) liber de thermis & fontibus me-
dicatis Vallefianorum. Tigur. 1574, 8vo.
Sub titulo Vallefiae & Alpum defcriptio.
Lugd. Batavorum, 1-633, 24010.
Storr's (Gottl. Co.vs. Christ.) Alpen-
reife imjahr. 1781. Leipzig, 178), 178c,.
4to. II Th.

ALSACE.
Brevai.'s (John), remarks on feveral parts1
of Europe, relating chiefly to the hif
tory, antiquities, and geography of France,
Low Countries, Lorrain, Germany, Sa
voy, Tyrol, Switzerland, Italy, and Spain.-
London, 1726. Fol. II vol.
Hunczowsky (J.) medicinifch chirargifehe-
Bemerkungen auf feinen Reifen durch
Elfas, und den Weftiichenund Sudlichen
Theil von Frankreich, befonders iiber die
Hofpitaler. Wien. 1783, 8vo.
M. (C. D. S.) nouveau voyage de 1*
Gicce, d'Egypte, de Palcftinc, d'ltalie,- de

C -19 )
fieSiiiffe, d' Alface, & des Pais Bas fait en
1721, 1723. A la Haye, 1724, tamo.
Ditto in Englifii, London, 1725,' 8vo.
Ditto 1738, 8vo.
Pococke (Rich.) vide Archipelago.
¦Sulzer's (Fr. Jos.) litterarifche Reife durch
Siebenburgen, Ungarn, Oeftcrreich, Bay-
ern, Bannat, Schwaben, -Schwcitz, Elfas,
&c. 1782, 8vo.
^ues pittorefques de I'Alface deffinees,gravecs,
& terminees en biftre par Mossr. Wal
ter, citoyen de Strafbourg ; accompag-
nees d'un texte hiftorique par Mr. -l'
Abbe Grand idier, hiftoriographe du
Roi en Alface. A Straflaurg, 1.785, fo.

ALTAI MOUNTAINS IN SIBERIA.
J?atrin, relation d'un voyage aux "monts d'
Altai en Siberie, pendant l'annie 178.-1. A.
St. Peterfb. 1783, gr. 8vq.

ALTDOR E. *
^Fill's (Geo. Andr.) Briefe iiber eine Reife
nach Sachfen von Altdorf iiber Bareuth in
das Erzgeburge. Altdorf, 1785, 8vo.
A M S T E R-

20 )

AMSTERDAM.

Adler's (Jo. Georg. Christ.) kurzgefafk
Uberficht feiner in den Jahren, 1780,
1782, iiber Wienn, Venedig, und Rom,
und von dort uber Mayland, Turin, Paris,
Amfterdam, und Leiden zur Critic der
Bibel, in Durchfuchung alter Hand-
fchriften gethanen Reife. Altona, 1783,
8vo,
Pignata (Joseph) avantures avec ion voyage
de Rome a Amfterdam. A Cologne,
1725, 8vo.
Volckard's (Apr.Gottl.) Reifen und Schif«
fahrten durch Nicder Sachfen nach Ham
burg und Amfterdam; von da nach Cadix,
Gibraltar, Neapolis, Smyrna, und weitpr
in Norden bis Archangel, &c. Budiffin,
»73S, 8vo.

ANGLESEY.
A Hiftory of the Ifland of Anglefey. Londi
1775. 4to.
Hackluyt's (Richard) principal navigations, voyages,

\ 21 )
voyages, Sec. of the Englifh nation. Lon-.
don, 1600, fol. 2 vol.
Rowland's (Henry) Mona antiqua, Dub*
lin3 !723> 4'o,

ANGERMANLAND.
Gisler (Nils) tal om Medelpfids och Anger*
manlands naturlige lynne och Befkaffen-
het. Stockh. 1751, 8vo.
Rudbeck's (Olof.) vide Aland.

ANGOUMOIS,
Meunier (pe) eflai d' une methode generalo
propre a etendre les cbnnoiffances des voy-
ageurs, (dansl'Angoumois). A Paris, i779j
8vo. 2 vol.

A N T R I M";
Hamilton's (Sir Will.) -Letters concern
ing the Northern coaft of Antrim, iq Ire
land, London, 1786, 8vo. A P«

C 23 J

APPENZELL,
Af-sprung's (Joh.. Mich.) Reife von Ulm
nach St. Gallen, Appenzell, Glaris, Uri,
Schweitz, Zug, und Zurch bis Coftnitz
ia Briefen. Leipzig, 1784, 8vo.

ARCHANGEL,
Allison's (Thom.) Account of a voyage
from Archangel in Ruffia, in the year 1696.
London, 1699, 8vo.
Volckard (Adr. GoTTi.) vide Amsterdam*

ARCHIPELAGO,
IJlainville^s (von) Reifebefchreibung durcfa
Holland, Deutfchland, Schweitz, Italien,
Frankreich, Griechifche Infeln, Sec. u-
berfetzt aus den Ehglifohen, mit Anmer-
kungen von Koehler, Lemgo, 1764, 1766^
17^7> gr- 4to. V. Bande.
Blanc (Vincent le) Voyage aux quatre
parties dw monde. A Paris, 1649, 4to»
Troyes, 1658, 4to.
Ditto, Verdeelung der 48 jaarigen reifen door

( *S )
d-bor Europa, Afia, Africa, en America.-
Amfterdam, 1654.
Dapper (Olifer) naaukeurige befchryving
der eylandcn in de Archipel der Middel-
landfchc zee; t' Amfterdam, 1688, fo.
D-tto, in French. A Amjlcrdam, t-jo^,fo. & a
la Haye, 1730, fo.
Egmont van der Nyenburg (J. Aegih-
van) en Hoymann (Jo.) reifen door een
gedeelte van Europa,- Klein Alia, Archipel,-
&c. Leiden, 1757 & 1758^ 410. 2 deele.
K-leemann's (Nic. Ernst) Reife von Wienn
iiber Belgrad bis Kilianova, &c. Wienn
1771, 8vo. Leipzig, 1773, 8vo. Prag. 1783,
8vo.
Ditto, in French, 1780, 8va. A Hamburg, 1780,
8va.
Ma-thews (Docto-r) voyage en France,- en
Italie, & aux ifles de 1' Archipel en 1750,
traduit de 1' Anglois, par Monf. de Puiffeux.-
A Paris, 1763, gr. 1 2mo. 4 torn.
Palerne (Jean) peregrinations en Egypte,-
Arabic, Terre Sainte, Syrie, Natolie,
Grece, & les ides. A Lyon, 1606, 121150.
Pasch di Krienen (ContaJLion) breve
defcrizione dell' Arcipelago. [In Livornoj
1773, 8vo. k
FrACENZA (Fraxc) Egeo redivivo, o fiacho-
rografia dell' Arcipelago^ In Modena,
l688r Po-

Pocock;s (Rich.) Defcription of the Eaft.
London, 1743, 1745, fo. 2 vol.
Ditto, in German. Erlangen, 1754, 1755, /[to. g
Th. uberfetzt von Windheim.
Ditto. Erlangen, 1771, 1773, tfo. 3 Th.
uberfetzt von Schreber.
Ditto, in French. A Paris, & Neufchatel, 1772,
1 2-mo. 6 torn.
Ditto, in Dutch ; t' Utrecht, 1 780, gr. %to.
Sommer's (Jan.) zee-en land-reife naer de
Levant, namelyk Italien, Candien, Cyp
rus, Egypten, Rhodus, Archipel, Tur-
kien, en door Duitfchland. t' Amfterdam,
1649-^.1661, 4to.
Thevenot (Nich. MeIch de) voyageau
Levant, contenant diverfes particularites
de 1' Archipel. A Paris, 1665, 4to.
Tournefort (Jean Pillon de) relation
d'un voyage du Levant, contenant l'hif-
toire ancienne & moderne de plufieurs
ifles del'Aichipel, &c. A Paris, 1712, 4to.
II torn. A Lyon, 1717. gr. 8vo. Ill torn.
AAmfterdam, 1728, gr. 4ft). II torn.
Ditto in German. Numberg, 1776, 1777, gr.
8vo. Ill Band:.
Welschen's (Hieron) Reifebefchreibung
nach Italien, die Infcln des Mittellandi-
fchen Mecrs, Sec. Stutgavd, P658, 4to,
Nurnberg, 1658, 410. Stutgard, 1664, 4to.
ASSOW

[ *5 }

AS SOW. (THE SEA OF)
Scylacis (Carvandensis) Periplus maris
Mediterranii. Anonymi periplus Moeoti-
dis palus, & Ponti Euxini ;
Agathemeri hypothypofis geographiae :
Omnia Graeco-Latina ; Anonymi eXpedi-
tio totius mundi Latina : Cum notis ( Js.)
Voflii (Jac.) Palmerii (S.) Jehullii ; ex
emendatione (Jac.) Gronovii. Lugd. 1700.
4to.

ASTURIAS. '
Casal (Gasp) hiftoria natural y medica del
principado de Afturias. Madrid, 1762,
4to.
ATHENS.
Hackluyt's (Rich.) vide Anglesey,
A T H O S. (MOUNT)
Georgierenes (Joseph) Befchreibung des
gegenwartigen Zuftandes der Infeln
D Samos

( *6 )
Santos, Nicaria, Pathmos, wie auch des-
Berges Athos; aus dem Griechifchen
uberfetzt. 1689, i-2'mo.
AUVERGNE.
Giraud Soulavie (Abbe) hiftoire naturelle
de la France Meridionale, ou recherche
fur la mineralogie du Vivarais, du Viennois,
du Forez,. de l'Auvergne,. du Yelai, &c.
fur la phyfique de la nxer Mediterranee,
fur les metcores, les arbres, les ani-
maux, l'homme ; & la femme de ces con-
trees. Nifmes, 1780, 1781. gr. 8vo. Ill torn.

A U N I S.
Arc ere (d') Hiftoire naturelle du pais d'
Aunis, de fes cotes, & des provinces lirni.
trophes. A Paris, 1757, 4to.

AUSTRIA.
Bernoulli's (JoH.)Sammlung kleinerReife_
befchreibungen. Leipzig, 1781, 1783, 8vo
XII Bandchen.
Brown's (Edw.) Account of fome travels in
different parts of Europe, viz. Hungary Servia-

( 27 )
Servia, Bulgaria, Macedonia, Theffaly,
Auftria, Stiria, Carinthia, Carniola, Friule,
Germany, Low Countries, Lombardy, &c.
with obfervations on the gold, filver, &c.
mines, baths, and mineral waters, and de"
fcriptions of antiquities, &c. London,
1673, 4to. London, 1685, fol.
Ditto in French. A Paris, 1674, 4to. 1684, 4to.
Ditto in Dutch. Amfterdam, 1682, 4to.
Ditto in German. Nurnberg, 1686, £i? 171 1, 4to.
Casini de Thury Relation de deux voyages
en Allemagne par ordre du Roi, pour deter
miner la grandeur du degre de longitude.
A Paris, 1763, 4ta.
- - Relation d'un voyage en Alle-
magne, qui comprend les operations rela
tives a la figure de la terre, & a la geo
graphic particuliere du Palatinat, d'Au-
triche, Sec. A Paris, 1776, 4to.
Edelingii (Joach.) hodoeporicon Bohe-
micum, Auftriacum, Hungaricum, Rof-
tock, 1571, 8vo.
Hermann's (Ben. Franz.) Reifen-durch Oef-
terreich, Steyermark, Carnthen, &c. im
Jahr, 1780, Wienn, 1781, 1782. 1783
8vo. Ill Theile. »,
».  Abrifs der phyficalifchen Befchaf-
fenheit der Oefterreichifehen Staten, und
des gegenwartigen Zuftandes der Land-
wirthfchaft, Gewerbe, Manufacluren, Fa-
D 2 briken

C *8 )
briken, und der Handlung in denfelben,
St. Peterfburg und Leipzig, 1782, 8vo.
Josten's (Jacob) Reifebefchreibung durch
die Turkey, Ungarn, Oefterreich, Sec. Lu-
beck 1652, 410.
Lomenii (Lud. Henr. Comitis) Itinerarium
Hollandiae, Daniae, Auftriae annis 1652,
1655 peraftum. Parifiis, 1662, 8vo.
Remarques hiftoriques faites dans un voyage
d'ltalie paffantparl'AUemagne. A Cologne,
1705, 8vo.
Remarques hiftoriques Sc critiques contenant
les moeurs, &c. de la Carinthie, Autriche,
Boheme, Sec. Cologne, 1705, 8vo. II
torn.
Sulzer's (Franz. Jos.) vide Alsace.
Schranck's (Frantz von Paula) und
Moll naturhiftorifche Briefe iiber Oefter
reich, Saltzburg, &c. Saltzburg, 1785.
Wekherlin's (unter dem Nahmen Rabio"
susAnseimus) Reife durch Ober Deutfch-
land, Oefterreich, & Saltzburg, Sec. Saltzr
burg & Leipzig, 1778, 8vo.

BALTIC SEA.
Hackluyt, vide Anglesey.
Wimmanni (Nic.) defcriptio navigationis ma
ris

( *9 5
ris Baltici, & Situis Codani. Bafi,: »550j
¦•-lf-1
B A R E I T H.
> - ft
Will's (Georg. And.) vide AiTDoxr.

BARROIS.
iDtrRtvAL I'aine, Defcription de la Lorraine
& du Barrois. -A Nancy, 1778, 1779, gr.
4to.
BARCELONA.
.Gemelli Carreri (Gio. Franc.) Giro dei
mondo. In Venezia, 1719, 8vo.
In Napoli, 1721, 8vo. IX toou .-¦•-i.-D,
BASIL.
Bruckner's (Eman. Dan.) Ver'fucn ein-er Be
fchreibung hiftorifcher .und naturlicher
Merckwiirdigkeiten der Landfchaft Bafii,
1748, 1763, XXIII Stuck.
/Buxtorff's (Aug. Jac) Reife nach dej Birs-
quellc

( 3« )
quelle im Stift Bafil. Genf, 1756, 8vov
Itineraire alphabetique de la ville de Bale^
de fes environs, Sec. a l'ufage des vo-
yageurs. A Bale, 1782, i2mo.

B A V A R I A.
Bernoulli (Joh.) vide Austria.
Bianconi (Gio, Lod.) Lettere al Marchefer
Ercolani fopra alcune particolarita della
Baviera, ed altri paefi della Germania
In Lucca, 1763, 8vo.
„..-.  Merkwurdigkeiten des Churbay*
erifchen Hofes. Leipzig, 1764,890.
Casini de Thury, vide Austria.
Einzinge.r's von Einzing (J, Mart. Mar.)
phyficalifcher Abrifs des heutigen Churfur-
ftenthums Bayern. Munchen, 1767, 8vO.
aTh.
, _„  -^ Politifcher Abrifs von Bayern.
Munchen. 1777, 8vo. 2 Theile.
Gerken's (Phil. Wilh.) Reife durch Schwa-
ben, Bayern, Sec. in den Jahren, 1779*
1783, nebft Nachrichten von Bibliotheken,
Handfchriften, Rdmifchen AlterthiimerflJ
politifchen Verfaifungen, Landwirthfchaft
und Landes-produ&en, &c. Stendal, 1786,
gr. 8vo. Ill Theile.
Gefammelte Anzeige zur phyfifchen und poH-
tifchen

( 3' )
tifchen kenntnifs von Bayern, der Ober-
pfalz, Neuburg, und Salzbach. Frankf. 1786
8vo.-
Herman (B. Fr.) vide Austria.
Lomenii itinerarium vide Austria.
P-ezzl's (Joh.) Reife durch den Bayerifchen
Kreifs. Saltzburg & Leipzig, 1784, 8vo.
Remarques historiques, vide Austria.
Sulzer (Franz. Jos.) vide Austria.
Tagebuch eines Hofmrifters auf einer Reife
durch den Frankifchen Kreis nach Carlfbad
und durch Bayern. Erlangen, 1787, 8vo.
iter. Theil.
Wekherlin (Franz. Jos.) vide Austria.
Zapf (G. W.) Litterarifche Reifen, Augf-
burg, 1782, 1783, gr. 8vo.
BEAUJOLOI S.
Brisson, Memoire hiftorique & oeconomique
fur le Beaujolois. A Avignon, 1770,
8vo.
Dulac (Alleon) hiftoire naturelle des pro
vinces du Lionnois, Forez, & Beaujolois,
A Lyon, 1765, 8vo. II torn.
BED-

( 3^ )

BEDFORDSHIRE.
Sketch of a tour into Derbyfhire and York-*
fhire, including part of Buckingham —
Warwick^Leicefter — Nottingham- — Nor
thampton — Bedford  and Hartfordfhire.
London, 1778. Ditto 1785, 8vo.

B E L G R A D.
Kleemann (Nic. Ernst) vide Archipe-
lago.

BELLENTZ.
Schinz (Hans Rudolf) Beytrage zur nahern
kenntnifs des Schweitzerlandes. Zuich,
1784, 1785, 8vo. 2ter. & 3ter. Heft.
B E L L U N O.
Bernoulli's (Joh.) Archiv zur neuen Ge-
fchichte ; Geographie, Nat-ur — und Mcn-
fchen — Kenntnifs. Leipzig, 1785, 1786,
gr. 8vo. V Theile.
BER-

[ 33 )

BERGAMO.

Malton i (G.) fulla ftoria naturale della prO-
vincia Bergamafca. In Bergamo, 1782, 8vo-

BERLIN.
Ausfuhrliche Befchreibung der Reife S. K. Ho-
heit des G. F. von Rufsland, Paul Petro-
witz von Peterfburg nach Berlin, und
zuruck. Berlin, 1776, gr. 8vo.
Bernoulli's (Joh.) vide Belluno.
Neue Reifebemerkungen in und iiber Deutfch-
land von verfchiedenen Verfaffern. Halle,
1786, 8vo. 2 Bande. Hall, 1787, 3ter Band.
O (C. H.) Bemerkungen auf einer Reife von
Berlin nach Bromberg in Weft Preuffen
Berlin & Leipzig, 1784, 8vo.
Reife im Sommer 1780 nach Pyrmont, Braun-
fchweig, Berlin, &c. Hannover, 1784, 8vo»
Reife von Wienn uber Prag, Drefden, Lauf-
ni:z nach Berlin. Leipzig, 1787, 8vo.
Sherlock (Mart.) Lettres d'un voyageur An
glois en divers endroits de I'Europe. Ge
neve, 1779. 12IBO. »
The fame in Englifh. London 1779, 1781, 8vo.
The fame in German. Frankfurt & Leipzig, 1780
8vo. E — neue

( 34 )
.  neueBriefe auf feiner Reife nach Italien,
Genf, Laufanne, Strafburg, Berlin, Sec.
Leipzig, i782,8vo. Aus dcm Franzofifchen.
Toll 1 1 (Jac) epiftolae itinerariae ; iter Beroli-
nenfe, Sec. Amfterdam 1700, qto. Amfterdam,
1714, 4to.
Troschels (Jac. Elias) Reifevon Berlin nach
den Schlefifchen Gebirge im Sommer 1783*
Berlin, 1 784, 8vo.

BLACK SEA.
Arriani (Flavi) Pontis Euxini & Maris
Erythraei periplus Graece, cumLatina ver-
fione & fcholiis, additis praeter loca, quae
folers penetravit Lufitanorum navigatio,
oppidis, quae Danubius irrigat. Auctorc
Stuckio. Geneve 1577, folio.
Chardin (Jean) Journal du voyage en Perfe
&c. A Amfterdam 1735, 4to. IV torn.
Scylacis periplus Maris Mediterranei, vide
As sow.
Tournefort, relationd'un voyage au Levant.
Vide Archipelago. BLANC. (MOUNT)
Bourrit (M, Th.) vide Alps. BLANCK.

( 35 )

BLANCKENBURGH.
Bernoulli (Joh.) vide Austria.
Neue Reifebemerkungen in und uber Deutfck-
land, vide Berlin.

BLOCKSBERG.
Ritteri (Alberti) Relatio hiftorica curiofa
de iterato itinere in Hercyniae montem fa-
mofifflmum BrucEerum. Helmft. 1740,
4to,

BOHEMIA.
Benjaminis Navarreni itinerarium, vide
Europe.
Bernoulli (Joh.) vide Austria.
Burney's (Carl) Tagebuch feiner muficali-
fchcn Reifen, aus dem Englifchen. Ham
burg, 1772, 1773, 8vo. Ill Th.
Edelingii (Joach.) hodoeporicon, vide Aus
tria.
Ferber's (J.) Beytrage zu der mineralGe-
fchichte von Bohmen. Berlin, 1774, gr.
8vo. E a Forber's

C 36 )
Ferber's (J.) neue Beytrage zur mineral Ge-
fchichte verfchiedener Lander. Mietau,
1778, gr. 8vo.
Heberer von Bretten, vide Denmark.
Keysler's (John George) travels through
Germany, Bohremia, Hungary, Switzer
land, Italy, Sec. London, 1760.
The fame tranfiated into German. Hannover, 1 74Q,
1751, 1776, qto. II Th.
Mayer Le Comte de Falkenftein, ou voyages
de l'Empereur Jofeph II. en Italie en Bo-
heme, & en France. A Rome, Se A Paris,
1777, i2mo.
Thefame in German, Leipzig, 1777, Bvo,
Parizek's (Alexius) kurtzgefafte Naturge-
fchichte Bohmens. Prag, 1784, 4to.
Patin (Charles) Relations hiftoriques &
curieufes des voyages en Allemagne, Bo-
heme, Angleterre, Sec. Strafbourg, 1670,
i2mo. Bale, 1673, iamo. Lyon, 1674s
i2mo. Rouen, 1676, i2mo. Amfterdam,
l695> gr- 12m°-
Thefame in Italian, tranfiated by Bulifon. Venezia,
1685, i2mo.
Pooock's (Rich.) vide Archipelago.
Remarques hiftoriques, vide Austria,
Remarques hiftoriques & critiques, vide Aus
tria.
Schaller's (Garosl) Topograph ie von Boh-
men. Prag & Wien, 1787, 8vo.
BOS-

( 37 3

BOSPHORUS OF THRACE.
Gyllii (Petri) tracEatus de Bofphoro Thra-
cico libri III. Lugduni, 1561, 4to. Lugd,
1632, 24mo.
Marsigli (Luigi Ferd. Conte) offervazi*
oni intorno al Bofphoro Thracico, overo
Canale di Conftantinopoli. In Roma,
1681, 4to.
BOTHNIA.
Rudbect.'s (Olof) vide Aland,
Scheller's (Joh. Gerk.) Reifebefchreibung
von Lappland und Bothnien. Jena, 1713,
1727, 1748, 8vo.
BRABANT.
Calvete de Estrella (Juan Christoval)
Viage del Principe Don Felipe, hijo del
Emperador Carlos V. desde Efpana a
fus tierras de la Baxa Alemannia, con la
defcripcion de todos los eftados del Bra-
bante y Flandes. En Anverfa, 1552, fo.
Can»

; 3» i
1>o; Cantillon (•»*) Delices de Brabant, Se de
fes campagnes. A Amfterdam, 1 758, 8vo.
yj It torn.
Deschamps (J. B.) voyage pittorefque de la
Flandrcs & du Brabant. A Paris, 1769,
8vo.
The fame in German. Leipzig, 1771, 8»o.
Ortelii (Ab rah.) itinerarium Gallo-Braban-
ticum. Lugd. 1630, 24mo. Lugd. 1647,
12 mo.
Payen Voyages avec une defcription de l'Ang-
leterre, de la Flandre, & du Brabant. A
Paris, 1663 Se 1668, i2mo.
Thefame in Italian, tranfiated by L.vurenti. In
Torino, 1685, 121110.
Saint Martin (Michael de) Relation d'un
voyage fait en Flandre, Brabant, Sec. A
Caen, 1667, i2mo.
The tour of Holland through Brabant, &c. Lon
don, 1772, i2mo.

BRANDENBURGH.
Apelklad (Jon.) Refebefkrifning ofwei Pom-
mern, och Brandenburg. Stockholm,
1757, 8vo.
Bernoulli (Joh.) vide Austria & Cour-
land. Ben-

( 39 )
Benf.ckendorf (Carl Frid. von) klcinft
oeconomifche Reifen in die Neu und Mit-
telmark. Zullichau, gr. 8vo. 2 Th.
Brand Joh. (Arnold von) Reifen durch
Brandenburg, Preulfen, Sec. Wcfel, 170?,
Bvo.
 in Dutch. Utrecht, 1703, 8vo.
Buchwald (Fr. von) occonomilche und fta-
tiftifche Reife durch Mecklenburg, Porr.-
mern, Holftcln, und Brandenburg ; aus
Dem Danifchen. Copenhagen, 1786. gr.
8vo.
Burnf.y (Carl) vide Bohemia.
Denina's (Abt.) Brandenburgifche Briefe,
aus dem Italienifchen uberfetzt. Berlin,
1786, 8vo.

BREMEN.
Reife im Sommer, 1780, vide Berlin.
Vermifchte Abhandlungen zur Erlautcrung
der Naturgefchichte des Hertzogthums
Bremen und Verdcn. Bremen, 1759,
8vo.
Zeiller's (M.) defcriptio regnorum Sweciae
Gothiae, Finlandiae, Livoniae, BreiTienfia
ducatus, Pommeraniae, Sec. Amfterdam,
1665, i2mo.
B R E S-

I 40 )

BRESCIA.

Pilati (Christophoro) Saggio di ftoria
naturale del Brefciano. In Brefcia, 1769,
4to.

BRUNSWICK.
Reife im Sommer, 1780, vide Berlin.
BRUSSELS.
Voyage de Spa a. Bruxelles. A Bruxelles^
1783, 8vo.
BUCKINGHAM.
Sketch of a tour into Derbyfhire, &c. vide
Bedfordshire.
BULGARIA.
Boscowich (Rughiero Gius.) giornale di
un viaggio da Conftantinopoli, &c. in Po*
Ionia. In Bjjflanp, 1784; 8vo.
CA-

( 41 )

CADIX.
Hackluyt (RicHi) vide Anglesey.
Neue Sammlung von Reifebefchreibungen, Sec.
Hamburg, gr. 8vo. 6ter Band von Pla-
TIERE.
"Volckard's (Adr. Gottl.) vide Amster*
DAMi

CANARY ISLANDS.
Allgemeine Hiftorie der Reifen zu Waffer und"
zu Lande. Leipzig, 1747, 4to. XXI
Bande.
Benzoni (Girol) iftoria del mondo nuovo,
libri III. In Venezia, 1565, 8vo. con
la giunta^ di alcune cofe notabili delle ifole
di Canaria. In Venezia, 1572, 8vc.
The fame in Dutch. Haeilem, 1610, %vo.
The fame in-Latin. Genevae, 1578, 1581, 1600,
&vo. ¦
Thefame in German. Bafil. 1579, 1582, fo.
Hamburg, 1648, /{to.
Bonthier & Verrier, hiftoire de la pre-
¦ miere decouverte, & de la conquete des
Canaries, 1402. A Paris, 1630, 8vo.
Dapper (O) Befchryving der Africaenfche
F eylanden,

C 42 1
eylanden, als Madagafcar, St. Thome^
Kanarien, Kaep de Verd, Malta. Am
fterdam, 1668. fol.
 Befchreibung von Afrika. Amfterd.
1670. fol.
- . ,.  Defcription de l'Afrique. Amfter
dam, 1686, fo.
Glass's (Georg) Gefchichte der Entdeckung
und Eroberung der Canarifchen Infuln-
groftentheiles von einer in der Infel, Pal
ma gefundenen Handfchrift von Juan d'
Abreu di Galineo. Leipzig, 1777, 8vo.
Nebft einer eigenen Befchreibung diefer
Infeln.
„.i  Hiftory of the difcovery andconqueft,
of the Canary Iflands. London, 1764,
4to.
Kuehn's (Joh. Mich.) Lebens und Reife*
befchreibung nach Groenland, Spitzbergen,
; Straffe David's, Canarifchen Infeln, Liffa-
bon, Algier, &c. Gotha, 1741, 8vo.
Do. Nordhaufen, 1784, 8vo.
Mit einem Plan von Algier,
Maire (Le) Voyages aux Ifles Canaries, Cap
Verd, Sec. 1695, i2mo.
Nu*i««--DE "Pen'a (Juan) Conquifta, y an-
tiguedades de la ilia de la Gran Cana-
ria, y fu dcfcripcion. Madrid, 1676.
Robert's (George) voyage to the Canary
iflands, &c. London, 1726, 8vo, Vi-

( 43 )
Viera y Claojo (Jos. de) Noticias de la
hiftoriai general de las iflas de Canarias.
En Madrid, 1771. 8vo. Ill vol.

CANDIA.
A defcription of Candia, 1670, l2mo. >
Dapper, vide Archipelago.
Piacenza, vide Do.
Pococke, vide Do,
Savinion d'Alquie (Fr.) Hiftoire curieufe
du Siege de Candie, 1670, & 1671, II
torn.
Sqmmers (Jan.) vide Archipelago.
Tott (Baron de) Memoires fur les Turcs
& fur les Tartares. Amfterdam, 1784, gr,
8vo. IV parties.

CARINTHIA.
Brown (Edward) vide Austria,
Griselini (Franc.) Lettere odoporiche di
Venezia, Triefte, Carinthia, &c. colle of-
fervazioni Ipettanti alia ftoria naturale.
In Milano, 1780, 4to..
Hermann '(B. Fr.) vide Austria.
Re marques Historiques,^^ Do.
F 2 CAR"

{ 44 J

CARNIOLA,
Brown (Edw.) vide Austria.
Churelichz (Laurent de) Narratio itineris
in Styriam Carinthiatn, & Carniolarn,
Leopoldi imi. Viennae, 1661, 8vo.
Grassi'di FormeaSo (Nicol) Notizie fto-
riche della' provincia della Carnia, In
Udina, 1782 8vo,
Griselini, vide Carinthia,
Gruber (Joh.) Briefe hydrographifchen und
" "_ phyficalifchen Inhalts aus Krain. Wienn,
1781, gr. 8vo.
Hacquet Orytographia Carniolica. Leip
zig, 1776, 1783. gr. 410. HITh.
Hacouet (B,) vide Alps.
-  -, Mineralogifche'botanifche Reife von
dem Berg Terglou in Krain zu den Berg
Glockner in Tyrol, 1779, 1781. Wienn,
1784/8VO
Hermann (B. F.) vide Austria.
Remarques hiftoriques vide Austria.
Remarques hiftoriques & critiques, vide Do.

C A S S E L.
Briefe eines Reifenden iiber den gegenwartigen Zuf-

I 45 )
Zuftand von Caffel. Frankfurt & Leipzig,
1781.
Briefe eines Reifendeil von Pyrmont, Sec. nach
Catfel, Marburg, WurtzburgundWilhelms-
bad. Franf. 1783; 8vo.
Neue Reifebemerkungen in und uber Deutfch-
landj w'cfe Berlin.
CATALONIA;
TThJcknesse (Phil.) A year's journey through
France and a part of Spain. London, 1777*
8vo. II vol,

CEFALONIA.
Dapper (Oliver) Befchryving van Morea en
de eylanden van de Adriadtfche zee, Korfu,
Cefalonia, Santa Maura, Se Zanten. Amfter
dam. 1683, fol.
Morosini (And.) Corfi di penna fopra l'ifola
di Cefalonia, in Venecia, 1628. 4to.

CHAMPAIGN.
R (Comte Gregoire de) voyage mineralo_
gique et phyfique de Bruxelles a Laufanne

( 46 )
par une partie de Luxembourg, de la Lor
raine, Champagne, ct Franche Comte fait
en 1782. ALaufanne, et a Bern, 1783, 8vo;

CHANTILLY.
A tour to Ermenonville, containing befides an
account of the palace, gardens, and curiofi-
ties of Chantilly, and of the Marquis de Gi-
rardin's beautiful feat of Ermenonville, a
particular defcription of the tomb of, J. J.
Rouffeau, with anecdotes never before pub
lifhed. London, 1785, 8vo.

CHERSO in the ADRIATIC.
Fortis (Alb.) Saggio d'offervazioni fopra l'ifola
di Cherfo ed Ofero. In Venezia, 1777, 4to,

CHESHIRE.
Leigh's (Charles) Natural Hiftory of Lanca-
fhire, Chefhire, and the peak of Derbyfhire.
Oxford, 1700. folio.
The hiftory of Chcfliire, containing King's Vale
Royal entire, &c. Chcftcr, 8vo. II. vols.
CLOUD

t 47 )

CLOUD (SAINT)
Saugrain (Claude) Curiofites -de Pans, de
Verfailles, de Marly, de Vincennes, de St.
Cloud, Sec. A Paris 1716, iamo.
Voyage de Paris a St Cloud. A Paris. 1754,
i2mo.

COLOGNE.
Kleine Reifen. LecEure fur dillettanten. Berlin,
1785, 1786. 8vo. Ill Bandc.

COMPOSTELLA.
Heidecgeri (Jo. Henr.) differtatio de pere^
grinationibus religiofis, in fpecie Hierofoli-
mitana, Romana, Compoftellenfi, Lauretana,
et Eremitana Helvetiorum. Tigur. 1670. 8vo.
CONSTANCE.
Huinlin's (David) Befchreibung des Boden-
See nach feinen. verfchiedenen Zuftand irr
altern

{ 48 >
altem und neuern Zeiten, Ulm, und Lin-
dau, 1783, gr. 8vo.
Sander's Reife nach Cofthitz und Schaffhau*
fen, im 3tenBand in Bernoulli's Samu-
lung, vide Austria,
CONS T A N T I N O P L E.
Almosnino (R. Moyses) Eftremos ygrandezas
de Conftantirtopla. En Madrid, 1638, 4to.
Arvieux (Laurent, de) Memoires contenant
fes voyages a Conftantinople, Sec. Paris,
1735, gr. i2mo. VI torn.
Baltimore's- (Fr. Lord) Tour to the Eaft in
1763 and 1764, with remarks on the city of
Conftantinople. London, 1767. 8vo,
Thefame in German. Leipzig, 1768, gr. 8vo.
Balam (Clas) Conftantinopolitanifche Refa.
Stockh. 1679, 4to.
Bell's (John) Travels from St Peterfburg in
Ruffia to different parts of Afia. Glafgow,
.1763, 4to. II vol.
Thefame in French. A Paris, 1766, i2mo.
Ill vol.
Benaglia (GrOR.) Relazione del viaggio fatto
dal Conte Alberto Caprara. In Roma, 1684,
12TnO.
Thefame in German, Frankfurt, .1687, Bvo. B E-

( 49 )
«Benevenga (Mich.) Viaggio di Levante,
colla defcrizione di Conftaritiriopoli. In
Bologna, 1688, limo. »
Befchreibung einer Reife eines Pohlnifchen
Bothfchafters gen Conftantinopel und in
die Tartarcy. Nurnberg, 1571, 4tO.
Besolt's von Lichtenstein (Melchior)
Reifen nach Conftantinopel, 15844 fol. *
Bjoernstahel (Jac. Jan) Refa till Frank-
rycke-, Italien, Sweitz, Tyfkland, Hol
land, Aengland, Turkiet, och Grekeland.
Stockholm, 1777, 1780, 8vo. V Delar.
B;joernstaehl's Briefe auf feinen auflan-
difchen Reifen durch Frankreich, Italien^
Schweitz, Deutfchland, Holland, Eng
land, Turkey, Griechenland, Sec. Leipzig
und Roftock, 1777. 1782, 1783, 8vo. VI
Bande.
Castel (J. de) Voiages de Francois Savary
en Grece, Terre Sainte, Conftantinople,
&c. jufqu'en 1605. A Paris, 1628, &
1630, 4to.
Collier (Justin) Refident a la porte pour
les Etats Generaux Unies en 1668, jour
nal du voyage. A Paris, 1672, 121110. "
•Daes (JoVis vclN der) verfcheide voyagien
gedaan na Conftantinopolen, Sec. 1653,
i2mo.
'Dohsac (Georg.) De itinere fuo Conftan-
tinopolitano epiftolae ; accedunt veteres
• G in-

( 5* 7
fcriptiones ex Byzantio & reliqua GraeeiS^-
Lugd. 1599, 8vo.
Drieschu (Gbrh. Con.) hiftoria magnaele-
gationis Caefareae, quam Caroli VI. auf-
piciis fufcepit Comes Damianus Hugo Vir-
inontius ad Portam Ottomannicam. Vi-
ennae, 172 1, 8vo.
I. (J. F.) Die Donau Reife, das ift kurtzge-
fafte Nachricht von den Stroemen, &c.-
welche der Donau zugebracht werdcn
^ebft angrenzenden Provintzcn: Inglei-
chert eine Marfch-Route von Belgrad bis
Conftantinopel Regenfburg, 1760, 8vo.
Eurer's (Christoph.) Cenftaiitinopolitan*'
fche Reife. Numberg, 1646, 4to.
Gassot (Jac.) Relation du voyage de Ve-
nife, a Conftantinople. A Bourges, 1684,
i2mo.
Gerlach's (Sxephan) Tagebuch der von
Maximilian llten. und Rudolph II. an,
die Qttomannifche Pforte abgefertigten
und durch David Ungnad Freyherm von>
SonneghvollbrachtenGefandfchaft. Frank-
. . furt,. 1674, foL
Grelot (Jos.) Relation nouvelle d'un voyage
de Conftantinople. A Paris, 1680, 4.10.-
1681, ivo.
Hackluyt (Rich.) vide Anglesey.
Kljlemann (Nic. Ern it,) vide .Archipe
lago, Kus-

( 5r 7
§L.uszewicz (Sam.) Narratio legatiohis Zhar-;
avianae & rerum apud Othomannos, 1622,
geftarum. Dantifci, 1645, 4*0, 1653V,!
4to.
L. (P. M.) Voyage de Mr. Quklet a Conftan
tinople par terre. A Paris, 1660, 8va«
1664, i2mo. - '•
Lisle's Brief von Conftantinopel, 1786: zu
fihden in den Kleifien Reifen^ vide Co*
tOGNE.
Mag'ni (Com.) Quanta di phi curiofo' e yag©
ha potuto raccorre nel primo -fciefinio,
1672. 1673 da lui confuTnato invia'ggi p'ef
la Turchia, Sec. Parma, 1679, i2mo.- Ve
nezia, 1682, i2mo. Bologna, 1615, i2mo.
Monconys (Barth. de) Journal des voy
ages en Europe, Afie, Afrique, Sic'. A
Lyon, 1665, Se 1666, 410. 3 vol. A
Paris, 1667, 4to. Ill Vol. A Paris, 1695,
gr. 1 2mo. V torn'.
MuNTZER VON BaBEN-BERC (WoLFGANc)
Reifebefchreibung von Vehedig aus nach
Jerufalem, Damafcus, Sc Conftantinopel
im Jahr 1556. Nurriberg, 1624, Ato.
Norberg's Brief aus Italien & Conftanti
nopel. Leipzig & Roftock, 1783, 8vo.
Perry's (Charles) View of tne Levant,
particularly of Conftantinople, Syria,
Egypt, and Greece. Londcnv, 1743,* fol.
Porsii

f 5* )
Porsi; (Henr.) Itineris Byzantini defcrip^
, tio. Fraucof. 1583, 8vo.
Poser (Heinb. von,) Tagebuch feiner Reife
von Conftantinopel durch Bulgarien, Ar-
menien, Perfien, und In4ien. Jena, 1675J
* 4tP,.
Raccolta di varii viaggi fatti da Venezia alia
Tartaria, Sec. In Venezia, 1543, 8vo.
Ranzqw (Joh. von) Reifebefchreibung nach
Jerufalem, Cairo, & Conftantinopel. Co-
4 penhagen, }6"6g, 4to. Hamburg, 1704$
8vo.
Reife und Bpthfchaft des Reichfgrafen von
Lefiie an die Ottomannifche Pforte. Bre^"
. lau, 1680, i2mo.
Schweigger's (Salomon) Reifebefchreibung
aus Deutfchland nach Conftantinopel &
Jerufalem. Nurnberg, 1608, 4to. Do.
1614, 1610, ^639, 1664.
Sapienza (Ottav.) Nuevo tratado de Tur-
quia, con una defcripcion de Conftanti-?
nppla. En Madrid, 1622, 4to.
Seidel's Frid.) Denckwiirdige Gefandfchaft
an die Ottommannifche Pforte auf Kayfer
Rudolph des Hten. Befehl von Frid*
von Kreckwitz verrichtet, nebft Anmer-
kungen heraus gegeben von Haufdorf.
Gorlitz, 1711, 8vo. unter den Titel :
Merckwiirdige Reifebefchreibung aus
, Deutfch-

( S3 )
, Peutfchland, Uber Wien, Oefterreich, &
Hungarn bis Conftantinopel. Leipzig,
1773, 8v°-
Sestini (Dom.) Lettere odoporiche. , In Li,
vorno, 1784, 1785, 8vo. II vol.
- t - - - t - Befchreibung des Canals von Con
ftantinopel, des dafigen Wein — Acker
rr-und Garten — . Baues, und der Jagdder'
Turken. Aus dem Ital, Hamburg, 1786,
8vo. . .
Simperti Diarium, oder, Reifebefchreibung
Wolfgangs Grafen von Oettingen K.
Grofbothfchafter nach Conftantinopel vor*
1691, bis 17.01. . Augfburg, 1701, 8vo.
Stammer (Arnd Gebh. von) Mprgenlan-
difche Reifebefchreibung nach Conf
.. ftantinopel, Egypten, & Jerufalem. Gera,
1670,, i2mo, Jena, 1675, ..i2mo.
Thevenot (Nic Melch. de) vide Archi
pelago.
To l lot, Voyage fait au Levant aiyc annees,
1731 & 1732, contenant les defcriptions
d' Alger, Tunis, Tripoli, Alexandrie, Terr©
Sainte, Conftantinople," Sec. A Paris,
1742, 121110.
Yott (Baron de) Memoires fur les Turcs
Se fur les Tartares. , Amfterdam, 178^4,
8vo. IV parties. A Paris, 1785, gr.
121110. en II torn.
Ditto in Englifh, London, J785, 8vp,. Ditto

( 54 1
"Bitte in German. Elbingen, 1785, 8w#. 3
Th.
Tournefort, vide Archipelago.
Troil's '(Franz Ferd. von) Orientalifchc
Reifebefchreibung- Drefden, 1764, 4to.
Leipzig, 1717, 8vo. Drefden & Leipzig,"
1734, 8vo.
Wenner's (Adam) Befchreibung der Lega
tion und Reife, abgeordnet von Mathias
aten. an den Turkifchen, Kayfer, Achmet
iten. von 1616, bis 1618, Nurnberg,
1622 & 1665, 4to.
Whden's (Joh.) Reifebefchreibung eines ge-
fangenen Chriften. Nurnberg, 1613, 4to,
Do. 1623,
.Wratislaw (Frh. von.) Merkwiirdige Ge-
fandfchaft's Reife von Wienn nach Con
ftantinopel. Leipzig, 1786, 8vo,

COPENHAGEN.
Bonau (Graf) Reife von Hamburg nach
Copenhagen; in Bernoulli's Sammlung's
Bten. Band; vide Austria.
Wilse (J. N.) Reife von Chriftiania nach'
Copenhagen, 1 764 ; in Bernoulli's Sammlung
i3te»Band; vide Austria.
Wraxall's (Nathan) Curfory remarks made
in a tour through fome of the Northern parts

C 55 )
parts of Europej particularly Copenhagen^
Stockholm and Peterfburg. London, 1775^
8vo.

CORFU.
Da? per, vide Archipelago.
Marmora (And.) della ftoria di Corfu; In
Venezia. 1672,410.

CORK.
Smith's (Ch.) Ancient and prefent ftate of
the county of Cork. Dublin. 1750, 8vd.

CORNWALL.
Borlase's (Will.) Natural hiftory of Corn
wall, Sec. Oxford. 1758. fol. London,
1759, fol.
Garew's (Rich.) Survey of Cornwall-. Lon
don, 1602, 4to. do. 1723,410.

CORSICA.
Barral Memoire fur 1' hiftoire naturelle de
Corfe

C 56 )
Corfe. ALondres; & fetrouve, a Paris
1783. i2mo.
Be ll 1 n Defcription geographique & hiftorique
de 1' ifle de Corfe. 'A Paris. 1 769, 4to
avec 32 cartes.
Boswell's (James) Account of Corfica, with
the journal of a tour to that ifland, and
memoirs of Pafcal Paoli. Glafgaw, 1768,
gr. 8vo. Ill edition with fome additions,
London, 1769, gr. 8vo.
Thefame in French. A l.i Haye, 1769.
Bo swell, Etat de Corfe tranfiated from the
Englifh. 'A Paris, 1769, 8vo.
Thefame in German, tranfiated by A. E. Klauf-
fiing. Leipzig, 1768, 8vo, do. 1769.
Thefame in Italian, tranfiated from the original.
Londra, 1769,410. con 1 carta geografica.
B. (F. X.) Briefe iiber die von der Cron Frank-
reich gemachte Eroberung von Corfica, de-
nen in F. Bofwell's Befchreibung aufgeftell-
ten Griinden entgegen gefetzt, &c Frank
furt & Leipz. J 770.
Defcription de la Corfe, avec la relation de
la derniere guerre. A Paris, 1743, i:mo..
Grisalvi (Strataneo) ftoria naturale dell'
ifola di Corfica. In Firenze. 1774, 8vo.
Hasenoehrl Storia naturale dell' iiola di
Corfica. In Firenze, 177.;, 8vo.
Jaussin, Memoiies hiftoriques fur 1' hiftoire
naturelle

C 57 )
naturelle de l'ifle de Corfe. A Laufanne,
1758.
Lamberg (Maximilian Graf von) Tagebuch.
eines Weltmans iiber Italien, und Corfic-i ;
uberfetzt aus dem Franzbfifchen von H. L.
Wagner. Frankfurt, 1775, 8vo.
Herten's (Hier. And.) Befchreibung von
Corfica. Augfburg, 1769, 8vo.
Offervazioni d'un viaggiatore Inglefe fopra 1*
ifola di Corfica. In Londra, 1768, 8vq.
Puy (Ferrand de) Effai chronologique, hif
torique. & politique de Corfe. 'A Paris,
1777, i2mo.
Schlozer's (Aug. Lud.) Kleine Weltge-
fchichte No. 1. Corfica. Gottingen Se, Go-
tha, 1770, i6mo.
Singlade Memoires & voyages en Corfe, Na-
ples,Rome, Allemagne, Flandres, & France,
'A Paris, 1765, 8vo. II torn.
Vogt's (Joh.) Befchreibung der Infel Corfica,
Nurnberg & Altdorf, 1735, 4to.

C O U R L A N D.
Bernouilli's (Joh.) Reifen durch Branden
burg, Pommern,Preufien, Curland, Ruff-
land, und Pohlen. Leipzig, 1779, 1780,
8vo. VI Bande, H The,

'The fame in French. A Varfovie, 1782, 8ve.
Brand(Joh. Arn.Von.) nw/e Brandenburg.
Bur ja(Abel) Obfervations d' un voyageur fuf
la Ruffle, la Finlande, la Livonie, la Cour-
lande, et la Pruffe ; avec un fupplement a 1*
etat de la Ruffle de Mr. Wenzel. A Ber
lin, 1785, 8vo.
Fischer's (Jacob. Benj.) Zufatze zu feinem
Verfuchder Naturgefchichte von Liefland
nebftFERBERS (Joh. Jac.) Anmerkungen
zur phyfifchen Erdbefchreibung von Cur-
land. Riga, 1784- 8vo.
Mayer's Briefe eines jungen Reifenden durch
Liefland, Curland, und Deutfchland. Es-
langen, 1777, 8vo, II Theile,

C R L M.
Beauplan (Guil. le Vasseur de) Defcrip
tion de 1' Ukraine &c. A Rouen, 1640, 4to.
do. 1660. 4to.
»-  .. Befchreibung der Ukraine, der
Krim, und deren Einwohnern, uberfetzt
mit Anmerkungen, und einem Anhang aus
dem Tagebuch von Printz Maximilian von
Wurtemberg, der die Ukraine betrift, von
Ioh. Wiih. Moeller. Breflau, 1780, 8vo.
Kleemann, (N^E.) vide Arci:ip£lago. Kleine

t 59 )
Kleine Reifen, vide Cologne .
Motraye (Aubry de la) Travels through
Europe, Alia, &c, containing a great varie
ty of geographical, topographical and poli
tical obfervations, efpecially on Italy, Tur
key, Greece, Crim, Noghai-Tartary, Cir-
caffia, Sweden and Lapland. London, 1723,
fol. II vol.
Thefame in French; A la Hay e, 1727. fol. II,'
vol.
Neuville en Hez. (Adrian Bailletde la)
Relation nouvelle & curieufe de Mofcovic
contenant 1' etat prefent de cet empire; les
expeditions tics Mofcovites en Crimec en
1689, Sec. A Paris, 1698. i2mo. do, a la
Haye 1699, i2mo.
Tott (Baron dz) vide Constantinople.
Toun-mann (Jean) Defcription de la Crimee,
traduite de 1' Allemand, A Strafbourg, 1786,
8vo.
CROATIA,
Moll's Reife nach Croatien; in Bernoulli's
Sammlung,t4 ten Band, vide Austria,
Pococke (Rich.) vide Archipelago.
Welschen (Hieron) vide Archipelago,

H 2 CUMBERLAND

( fe )

CUMBERLAND.
Nicholson (Joshua) and Burn's (Rich.)
Hiftory and antiquities of the counties of
Weftmoreland and Cumberland. Lon
don, 1777, gr. 4to. II vol.
Robison's (Thom.) Effay towards a natural
hiftory of Cumberland and Weftmoreland,
1709, 8vo.

CYPRUS.
Bruyn (Corn, de) Voyage au Levant, Sec,
A Delft, 1700, fol. AParis, 1714, fol. do,
a Paris & Rouen, 1725, 4to. II torn.
Thefame in Dutch. Delft, 1609, f°h
Dapper, vide Archipelago.
Hackluyt (Rich.) vide Anglesey.
Hop ken och Carlson, Twama ftora fwenfka
Heeres refbefkrifning ifran Cypern, til
Afien, Jerufalem, &c. Stockholm, 1768.
Mariti (Giov.) Viaggi perl' ifola di Cipro,
per la Siria, e Paleftina. In Torino, 1769,
8vo. V vol. do. in Lucca, 1769; 8vo. torn.
1 ; do. in Firenze, L769 & 1770; torn. II,
V.
Mariti (Joh.) Reifen durch Cypern, Sirien, und

( 6i )
undPaleftina von 1760 bis 1768, In einera.
Aufzugedes lftenbis 5ten Bands von Chrift,
Heinr. Hafe. Altenburg, 1777, 8vo.
Piacenza (Franc.) vide Archipelago.
Pococke (Rich.) vide Do.
Sammlung der beften und neueften Reifebe-
fchreibungen in einem Aufzug. Berlin,
1765,1782, 8vo. XXllI Bande.
Sommer (Jan.)iw^ Archipelago.

CZIRKNITZ (LAKE OF)
Steinberg's (Fran. Ant. von) Griindliche
Nachricht von dem im innern Crain lie-
genden Czirknitzer See. Glatz, 1761, 4to.
mit 35 Kupfern.
Werneri, Tabella lac us mirabilis ad Czirk-
nitz. Colon. 1595, fol.

D A L M A T I A.
Blount's (Henry) Voyage into the Levant,
London, 1634, 1737.410.
 '- - Morgenlandifche Reife durch Dal-
matien, & Sclavonien, Thracienund Egyp-
ten. Helmftadt, 1678, 4to.
Fortis (Alb) Viaggio in Dalmazia. In Vene
zia, 1774, 4to, II torn. The

( 62 )
'Thefame into German. Bern, 1776,800. // Bande,
The fame into French, tranfiated from the Italian.
Bern, 1787, 8c<?. II torn.
.....  Travels into Dalmatia, in a fe-
ries of letters, &c. with remarks on the
ifle of Cherfo Se Ofero. London, 1778,4*0.
...  .  Sitten der Morlaken, ein Aufzug
aus deffen Reifen nach Dalmatia. Bern,
1775. 8vo.
Fabri's (Joh. Ernst.) Sammlung von Stadt,
Land, und Reife Befchreibungen. Halle,
"«783, gr-8vo.
Lourich (Giov.) Offervazioni fopra diverfi
pezzi del viaggio in Dalmazia del Abate
Eortis. In Venezia, 1776,410.
 Lettera apologetica al Sig. Ant.
Lorgna, in cui fi confutano varie cenfure
fatte alle fue offervazioni fopra diverfi pez
zi del viaggio del Abate Fortis. In Padua
1776, 4 to.
Nutrizio Grisogono (Pietro) Notizia
per fervire alia ftoria naturale della Dal
mazia con 1' aggiunta di un compendio del
la ftoria civile del Signor Giov. Roffigno-
li. In Trevigi, 1780, 4to.
Robert's Voyage to Dalmatia in Hackluyt
(Rich,) vide Anglesey.
Scalmer (Pietro) Sermone parenetico al Sig,
Giov. Lourich. In Modena, 1776, 410.
Spoh

( 63 )
Spok & Wheeler, Voyages d' Italic, de Dal-
matie, de la Grece, &c. A Lyon, 1678, gr.
i2mo. II--vol. do. A Attifterd&m 1679, Ez-
i2mo. IIIvol. AlaFIaye, 1714, 8vo. II vol.
The fame tranfiated into Italian by Frefchot. In
Bologna, 168&, i2.mo. II torn.
The fame in German. Nurnberg, 1690, 1713,^/0.
II Theile. ,
Villa (March. Ghir. Franc.) Viaggi in
Dalmazia e Levante. In Torino, 1668, 410.
Wheeler (George) Voyage de Dalmatic, dc
la Grece, & du Levant. A Utrecht, 1682,
iamo. A Amfterdam, 1689, gr. i2mo. II
torn. A la Haye, 1723. 8vo. II torn,
>  Journey into Dahnatia, Greece-
and the Levant. London, lii'di, id.

DANUBE 'RIVER.
Marsilii (Aloys. Ferd. Comitis) Danubi-
us Pannonico — Myhcus, obfervationibus
geographicis, aftronomicis, hydrographicis,
hiftoricis, phyficis, peiluftratus. Hagae.
Comitis & Amfterdam, 1726, fol. VI tora-
E. (J. F.) Die Donau P.eiic, vide Constat h-
i-orii. i

DAU-

t G4 )

DAUPHINE'.
Fawjas de St. Fond Hiftoire naturelle deli
province du Dauphine. A Grenoble & Pa
ris, 1781, 4to. torn I.
Cirado Soulavie vide Auvergne.

DENMARK.
Adah's (Melch.) Befchrivning om Swerige,
Danmark, och Norigc, af Joh. Fred. Fe-
ringskiold, 1718, 4to.
Anecdoten eines Reiiendcn Ruffen uber die
Staats Verfaffung, Sitten, und Gebrauche,
in Briefen an feine Freunde. Lubeck,
1771, 8vo.
Adieiy (de Maurier) Memoires de Ham-
bourg, de Lubeck, de Holftein, de Dane-
marc, de Suede & de Pologne. A la Have,
1737, 8vo.
Berkhard (Arnold) Danemarkes og Xorges-
frugtbarc hcrlighcd. Kiopenh. 16^6. 410.
Bernoulli's Archiv. vide .Celluno, &
Austria.
Carlisle (Comte de) Relatiou de trois Am-
baffadeurs de la part du Roi de la G rande
Bretagnc, Charles lid. vers Alexey Mi-
chaelowitz

( G5 )
thaeldwitz Czar,Charles II Roi de Siiede, &
Frederic II, Roi de Danemarc en P annee
1665, traduit de 1' Anglois. A Amfterdam'-
1700, i2mo.
Thefame in German-, Frankfurt & Leipzig. 1704^-
izmo.
Coxes (Will.) Travels into Poland, Ruflia,
Sweden and Denmark. London, ±784^
4to. II vol.
 Tranfiated into German: Zurch,-
1784, 1785, 4*0. II Bande.
Danemark mit einer ausfuhrlichen Befchrei
bung. Kopenhagen, 1746, 3 Theile, foli
rriit 281 Karten.
GOetceri's (Ast-,) Journal derlegatie gedaeti
in de jaaren 1,615, .161.6 van weegeri Haare
Hoogmogeride aan de Koninghen van Swe
den ende Denmark ende den Ke^fer van
, Rufchlarid. Gravenhage, 1619, 4to.
Hayes de Courmesuin (des) Voyage en,
Danemarc enrichi d' annotations par le
Sieur (P; M.) L. A Paris, 1664, iamd.
Hebe re r von Bretten (Mich.) Befchrei
bung feiner dreyjahrigen Dienftbarkeit,
und nachherigen Reifen in Bohmeh, Pohlen,
Sweden, Denmarkj Sec. Heidelberg, 1610
4td.
Hermannidae (Rutgeri) Defcriptio Daniae
et Norwegiae. Arrifter. 1670, i2mo. II torn.
.-ii---.. Deliciae five amoenitates Daniae.
I Norwegiae,

( 66 )
Norwegiae, Slefwici, Holfatiae. Lugd. Batj
1706, i2mo. II torn.
Holk (H.) Reyfe Wegwifer i Danemark og
Holfteen, 2teOplage. Kiobenh. 1780, i2mo.
Hontan (de la) Suite du voyage &c. avec
les voyages en Portugal & en Danemarc.
A Amfterdam, 1704, i2mo.
The fame in German. Hamburg & Leipzig,
1711, 12TO0.
Iftoria naturale, morale, e politica della Mof-
covia, di Suecia, di Danemarca, di Nor-
wegia, e della Groenlandia. In Venezia,
1738, 8vo.
Letters from an Englifh gentleman on his tra
vels through Denmark, 1773. London, 8vo.
Lettres fur le Danemarc. A Copenhague, 1763,
1764.
Lomenii Itinerarium, vide Austria.
Malgo's King of Britain Voyage to Ifland,
Gothland, Orkney, Denmark, & Norway}
in Hackluyt's principal navigations. vide
Anglesey.
Marshall's Travels through Holland, Flan
ders, Germany, Denmark, Sweden, Lap-
land, Ruffla, Ukrain, Poland, &c. London,
1772 gr. 8vo. Ill vol.
Thefame in German. Dantzig, 1773, 1775, 8vo.
Ill Theile.
 Voyage dans la partie Septentri, onale.

( 67 )
onale de 1' Europe. A Paris, 1776, 8vo. Ill
torn.
O other's Voyage into the Sound of Den
mark, & Walstan's navigation into the
Sound of Denmark. In Hackluyts prin"
cipal navigations, vide Anglesey.
Ogeri (Caroli) Ephemerides, five iter Dani-
cum, Suecicum, & Pokmicum. Lut. Pa
ris. 1656, 8vo.
Payen Voyages &c. vide Brabant.
Pontoppidan.'s (Erich.) Theatrum Daniae
Veteris & modernae; oder Schaubuhnedes
alten und jetzigen D^nnemarks. Bremen,
1730, 4to.
,  Danfke Atlas. Kiobenh, 1763,
V dele.
»  Befchreibung des Konigreich's
Dannemark nach feinen politifchen und
phyficalifchen Befchaffenheiten. Copen
hagen & Hamburg, 1765, 1767; gr. 4to. II
Theile.
Rathgeben's (Jacob) & Schickhard von
Herreneerg (Heinrich) Befchreibung
zweyer Reifen Herzog Fridrichs von Wur-
tenberg durch Deutfchland, Dannemark,
& Ungarn; auch 'in Italien und nachher in
Engelland. Herausgegeben von Allius.
Tubingen 1604. 4. Holzfchn. .
Randolph's Obfervations of the prefent ftate
of Denmark, Ruflia and Switzerland in a
feries

( 68 )
feries of letters. London, 1784, gr, 8vo.
Regnard, Voyages de Flandre, d' Ho.Uande, de
Suede, Danemarc, Lapponie, Pologne, &
• Allemagne. A Rouen, 1731, 8vo. V torn,
Reife-veivifer i Danmark og Holfteen. Kior
benh. 1780. 8vo.
Roger, Lettres fur le Danemarc. A Geneve
i757i 8vo. augmenteSs d' un fecond tome
par Sam. Francois Reverdil. A Geneve
1765, 8v0. II torn.
The fame in German. Copenhagen, 1758, gr. 8vo.
$cheel (Heinr. Otto) Almindelig udkaft af
kriegers fkueplads r eller geographifk, to-
pographifk och hiflorifk befkrivelfe Kon-
gerigerne Danmark, Norge, og Sw'erig, famt
deres Tydfke prpvindfen fom Tadledning
til Kohg Friedrkk IV Krigs hiftorie. Krob,
1785, 4to.
Schlegels (Joh. Hein.) Danifche Reifebe^
fchTcibun'geh,aus der Sammlung zur Danif-
chen Gefchichte uberfetzt. Kopenhagen,
1776, 8vo.
Schytte (An dr.) Danemarks bg Norgesnatur-
lige og politiflve Toefatning. Kidb. 1777,
8vo. Forfte deel.
.  Danemarks & Norwegens natui-
Jiche und politifche Yerfaffung aus dem Da-
nifchen ins Deutfche uberfetzt ; mit Zu-
fatzurigen und gutten Anmerkungen. Flenf-
burgund Leipzig, 1 782. 8vo. iter. Theil.
Verdi; n

( 69 )
Verdun's (Ulrich von) Reifen durch Frank-
reich, Engelland, Danemark, und Swe
den von 1670—1677, in Bernoulli's Ar
chiv zur neuen Gefchichte &c. 6ter Th^il
Leipzig, 1787, gr. 8vo.
Vernon (du) Relation en forme de journal de
voyage fait en Danemarc a la fuite de Mr.
F Ambaffadeur d' Angleterre. A Rotterdam
1706, 8vo. Do. 1.710, 12H10. II vol.
 Travels through Denmark. Lon
don, 1707, 8vo.
 Viaggio d'un noma, qualificato,
vide, England.
Williams's (T.) Rife, progrefs, and ftate pf
the northern governments, viz. the Uni
ted Provinces, Denmark, Sweden, Ruf-
fla, and Poland, London, 1777, 4to. II
vol.
The fame tranfiated into German..' . Leipzig,
1779, 1780, 8vo. II Th.
Zeiller's (Mart.) Befchreibung des Kdnig-
reich's Danemark und Norwegen. Ulm«
1648, 1658, 8vo.
....... Defcriptio regnorum Daniae Se Nor
wegiae, nee non ducatuum Slefvici Se Hol-
fatiae. Amfterdam, 1655, lamo. cum tab.
aeneis. *

«DER

( 7° -J

DERBYSHIRE.
. Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Ferber's (J.J.) Verfuch einer Oryktographie
von Derbyfhire in England auf einer
Reife dahin. Mietau, 1776, 8vo.
Leich (Charles) vide Cheshire.
Sketch of a tour into Derbyfhire, vide Bed
fordshire.

DEVONSHIRE.
Ris don's (Thom.) Chorographical defcrip
tion of Devonfhire. London, 1713,
8vo,

DORSETSHIRE.
Coker's Survey of Dorfetfliire, containing the
antiquities and natural hiftory of that
county. London, 1732, fol.
Hutchin's hiftory and antiquities of the
county of Dorfet.
DRESDEN.'
Bucher's (Urban Gott.) Sachfenlandes Na-
" "*tur Hiftorie, &c. Drefden & Pirna, 1723 &
» 727, 8vo. Kind-

( 7» )
KlNDLEBEN (C HRIST. WlLH.) UNTER DEM
Nahmen Hartenstein Reife von Ber
lin, iiber Roftock nach Drefden. Hall,
1780, 8vo.
Neue Reife-Bemerkungen in und uber Deutfch-
land, vide Berlin.
Reife im Sommer, 1780, vide Berlin.
Reife von Wien uber Prag, vide Do.
Sherlock's (Mart.) vide Do.
Zurner's (Adam Frid.) Anleitung zur Reife
von Drefden nach Warfchau. Nurnberg,
1738, i2mo.
DUBLIN.
A month's tour in North Wales, Dublin, and
its environs. London, 1781.

DURHAM. *
Wall is's (John) Natural Fliftory and An
tiquities of Northumberland. London,
1769, gr. 4to. II vol.

E D I N B U R G.
Sulivan's (Rich. Jos.) Tour through part of
England, Scotland and Wales in 1778,
London

( 72 )
London, 1780, 8vo. Do. 1785, 8vo. It
vol.
Topham's (E.) Letters from Edinburgh, writ
ten in theyears 1774 and 1775. London^
1776, 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, i,77;
8vo,
EISENACH.
Voigt's (Joh. Carl. With.) Mineralo-;
gifche Reifen durch das Hertzogthurri
Weimar und Eifenach. Weimar, 1785J
gr. 8vo»

ELBA.
Koestlin (C. H.) Lettres fur l'hiftoire natu
relle de l'ifle d'Elbe, A Vienne, 1780$
8vo.

ENGLAND,
A new difplay of the Beauties of England :
a defcription of the moft elegant public
edifices, royal palaces, noblemen's and
gentlemen's feats, and other cufiofities
natural and artificial, by a fociety of gen
tlemen

( 73 )
¦tiemen, revifed by (P.) Ruffel. London,
1769, fol. Ill edit. London, 1776, 8vo."
II vol.
An account of the character and manners of
the French, with occafional obfervations
on the Englifh. London, 1770^ 8vo. II
vol.
A tour through the whole ifland of Great Bri
tain, divided into circuits. London, 1738,
¦i2mo. Ill vol, 1743. Do. 1755. Ditto
1769. Do. 1778, 8vo. IV vol.
A journey through part of England and
Scotland. London, 1746, 8vo.
A journey through England and Scotland.
London, 1722, 8vo. 3 voL
Albertis (Georg Wilh.) Briefe betref-
fend den alierneueften Zuftand der Re
ligion und Wiffenfchaften in Grofs Brit-
tannien. Hannover, 1752, 1754, 8vo.
IV Th.
Angeloni's Letters on the Englifh nation,.
tranfiated from the Italian. Lond. 1755,
8vo. II vol.
Antonini Augusti Iter Brittaniarum com-
mentariis (J. H.) Gali illuftratum. Re-
vifit, auxit, edidit Robert Gale filius. —
Accedit Antonii Ravennatis Brittanniae
chorographia. Londini, 1709, 4to.
Aschenholz (T. W. von) England und
Italien. Leipzig, 1785, 8vo. II Bande.
K. Die

( 74 )
Die 2te. Aufgabe, Leipzig, 1787, 8vo.VTh.
Baretti (Jos) Journey from London to Ge
noa, through England, Portugal, Spain,
and France. London, 1770, 8vo. IV vol.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1772,
8vo. // Th.
The fame in French, Amfterdam, 1776, 8vo. IV vol.
Beverell (James) Delices de la Grande Bre-
tagne & d'liiande. A Leide, 1707, Do.
1727, i2mo. VIII vol.
Berkenhout (Joh) Outlines of the natural
hiftory of Gieat Britain and Ireland.
London, 1769, 1771, 8vo. Ill vol.
Bernoulli vide Austria.
Bernoulli's Sammlung, 13 Band, vide Aus
tria.
Befchreibung von Grofs Brittannien, nebft
einer Gefchichte der Grofbrittannifchen
Schiffahrt. Aus dem Englifchen, 1780,
8vo.
Befchreibung einer Reife aus Deutfchland
durch einen Theil von Frankreich, Eng
land, und Flolland. Breflau, 1783, 8vo.
II Th.
Bjoernstaehl (Jac Jon.) refa dil Frank-
rike, Italien, Schweitz, Tyfkland, Hol
land, England, Turkiet, och Grekland cftcr
des Tod utgifven af (C. C.) Gjozwell'
Sjette Delen. Stockh. 1784, 4to.
Thefame, vide Constantinople.
Blanc

( 75 )
Blanc (L'Abbe, le) Sue le genie, les moeurs,
& le gouvernement des Anglois, & des
Francois. A Lyon, 1758, i2mo. Ill
vol.
Boccage (Mad. de) Lettres concernant fes
voyages en France, en Angleterre, en FIol-
lande, & en Italic Drefden, 1771, 8vo.
Bose (Nic.) Voyage pour negocier la paix
entre les couronnes de France, & d' Ang
leterre en 1381. Joint aux voyages litte-
raires de Martens (Edw.) & Durant (Urfln)
A Paris, 1717, 1724, gr. 4to. II vol. vide
France.
Braze y (M. de) Guide d' Angleterre. Paris &
Amfterdam, 1744, 8vo.
Briefe iiber den gegenwartigen Zuftand von
Engelland, befonders in Anfchung der
Politick, der Kiinfte, der Sitten, und
fchosnen Wiffenfchaften. Aus dem Eng-
lifchen. Leipzig, 1777, 8vo.
Brome (James) Travels in England, Scotland,
and Wales. London, 1700, 8vo. The
fecond edition, with large additions. Lon
don, 1707, 8vo.
Burton's (Will.) commentary on the itine
rary of Antoninus, fo far as it concerned
Brittain. London, 1758, fol.
Busch's (Joh. Georg.) Bemerkungen auf
einer Reife durch die vereinigten Nieder-
landen und England. Hamburg, 1786,
K 2 , gr-

( 76 )
gr. 8vo. Sind auch cnthaltcn im VHItoJ
Band der neuen Sammlung von Reifebe-
fchreibungen. — Die erften V Bande find
heraus gckommen in Hamburg, 1780, 1783,
gr. 8vo.
Buschel (C.) Neue Reife eines Deutfchen
, nach England im Jahr, 1783. Ein Pen
dant zu des H. P. Moriz Reife. Berlin*
1784. 8vo.
B- (R.) Admirable curioflties, rarities, and
¦wonders in England,. Scotland and Ire
land. London, 1684, 3V0.
Campbell's (John) Political Survey of G. B.
London, 1774, gr. 4to. II vol.
Cellius (Ebrh.) Befchreibnng zweyer Reifen,
welche H. Fridrich von Wurtenberg
durch England, und die Niederlander
1592, imgleichen nach Italien im Jahr,
1599 gethan. Tubingen, 1603, 1604,.
4to.
Childry (J.) Britannia Baconica. London,.
1661. 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into French. A Paris, 1677,
i2mo.
Confide 1 ations on the police, commerce, and
circumftances of the Kingdom of England,
London, 1771, 8vo.
Coronel.li (P.) Viaggi nell' Inghilterra. In
Venezia, 1697, 8vo. IV torn.
Coulon-

{ 77 )
Coulon (Louis) Fidele conducEeur pour le
voyage d' Angleterre. A Paris, 1654, 8vo.
Coyer ^Abbe) Nouvelles obfervations fur 1'
Angleterre. A Paris, 1779. Svo,
The fame tranfiated into German. -Gotha, 1 78 1,
8vo.
Deichsel's Reife na.ch Holland und Engel-
land,in Bernoulli's Archiv. vide Belluno.
Defcription of all the Counties in England and
Wales. London, 1 736, 8vo.
Die Flucht eines Franzofen nach England, oder
Bemerkungen iiber den Character und Ge-
brauche der Englifchen Nation. Franck-
furt und Leipzig. 1780, 8vo.
Drayton's (Mich.) Polyalbion, London,
1658, fol.
Ebert (Adam) unter dem nahmen Aulus
Apronius Reifebefchreibungen von Villa
Franca durch Deutfchland, Holland, En-
gelland, Frankreich, Spanien und Italien;
Franckfurt an der Oder 1723, 8vo. Ditto,
1724, Svo.
Eisenbergii (Petri) itinerarium Galliae Se
Angliae (Deutfch) Leipzig, 1614, 1623,
i2mo.
Elveri (Hier.) deliciae apodemicae. Lips,
1611, 8vo.
England illuftrated, or a compendium of the
natural hiftory, geography, topography apd

( 78 )
send antiquities ecclefiaftical and civil of
England and Wales. London. 1 764, 410.
2 vol.
Ens (Casp.) Delieiae Magnae Brittanniae. Co
lon, 1613, 8vo.
. Erndel 'Christ. He nr.) De itinere fuo An-
glicano & Batavo 1706 & 1707 facEo rela
tio ad amicum, qua variae ad anatomiam,
ehirurgiam, botanicam & materiam medi-
cam fpecEantes obfervationes fiftuntur. Am-
ftelod. 1710, 1711, 8vo.
Etat abrege des loix, revenus, ufages & produc
tions de la grande Bretagne. A Londres,
*757> 8v°-
Ferber (Joh. Jac). vide Bohemia,
Ferdinand Albrecht Herzog von
BrAUNSAVEIG BlVESN DES Wl'NDER-
lichen wunderliche Begebenheiten und
Reifebefchreibung durch Deutfchland, Ita
lien, Malta, Frankreich und England. Be-
vern, 1678, 1680, 4to. II Theile.
Forster (Jean Rein.) Tableau d' Angle
terre 1' annee 1780. continue jufqu a, 1*
annee, 1785.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Deffau, 1784,
8vo.
Gordon's (Ale xand.) itinerarium Septentri-
onale. London 1 726,Jfol. with 66 charts.
Gram (Christen) Kort journal eller Reifebe-
fchrivelfe til England. Chriftiania, 1760J
£to. Grasses.!

( 79 )
Grasseri (Joh. Jac-) Volkommene Italiani-
fche, Franzoiifche, und Englikhe Schatz-
kammer, IX B. Bafel 1609, 8vo.
Grim (Joh. Fr. Carl.) Bemerkungen eines
Reifenden durch Deutfchland, Frankrcich,
Engelland und Holland. Altenburg, iJ-Ji,
8vo. Ill Theile. ,
Grosley Londres: a Lauffanno. Paris 1768,
17 70, i2mo, III torn, augmente de notes
d'un Anglois. A Neufchatel, 1771, i2mo.
Ill torn.
Gaulandri's (Angelo) Lettere odoporiche
diFrancia, Inghilterra, Sec. In Venez. 1780.
Guinderoda (Fr. Just, von) Befchreibung
einer Reife aus Deutfchland durch einige
Theile von Frankreich, England, und
Holland. Breflau, 1783, 8vo. 2 Th,
Hackluyt (Richard) vide Anglesey.
Henzneri (Paul) itinerarium Germaniae,
Galliae, Angliae, & Italiae. Norimbergac,
1612, 8vo. Do. 1629, 8vo,
Hermannidae (Rutgeri) Brittannia Magna,
Amftel, 1661. 12111D.
Hervey's (Fred.) naval hiftory of Great
Britain, from the earlieft times to the ri
ling of the Parliament. Lond. 1779, 8vo.
vol, k
Hochstetter (And.Adam) oratio de mili
tate peregrinationis Anglicanae. Tub.
1697, 410,
Hoex

( 8o )
Hoen (Georg Paul) iter juridicum, quod
jurium culter per Belgium, Angliam, Gal-
liam, & Italiam jucunda cum utilitate in-
ftituere poteft. Witteb. 1688, i2mo.
II. (Comte F. de) Letties fur la France, 1'
Angleterre & l'ltalie. A Geneve, 1785,
8vo.
Hartig (Graf F. vox) intereffante Briefe
iiber Frankreich, England, und Italien. Ei-
fenach, 1786, 8vo.
Hogrewe's (Joh. Lud.) Befchreibung der
in Engelland feit 1759 angelegten und
jetzt grditentheils vollendeten fchiffbaren
Kaniile, zur innern Gcmeinfchaft der vor-
nehmften Handels-Stadte. Nebft einem
Verfuch einei Gefchichte der inlandifchen
Schiffahrt und aller bis ietzt in — und auf-
ferhalb Europa bekannten fchiffbahren
Canalen. -Hannover, 1780, gr. 4to.
Jars (Jabr.) Voyages metallurgiques, ou re-
cherches, & obfervations fur les mines &
forges de fer, la fabrication d'acier, celle
du fer blar.c, & plufieurs mines de
Charbon de terre, les mines d'or & d'
argent, cellcs de plomb, de cuivre, de
bifmuth, de cobalt, & de mercure ; les fa-
briques d'azure, de cerufe, du blanc de
plomb, & du minium; fur les mines de
calamine d'etain ; les mines Se fabnques
d'alun, de foufrc, & de vitriol, Sec. faites
depuis, i757jufqu'a 1769 en Allemagne, Suede,

( 8i )
Suede, Norvege, Angleterre, Ecoffc, &c.
A Lyon, 1774. 4to. torn. LA Paris, 1780,
1781, 4to. torn. II & III.
Tiie fame tranfiated into German. Berlin, 1777, gr.
8vo. II Bande.
Journey through England and Scotland. Lon
don, 1714, 8vo. Ill vol.
Journey through England along with the army,
1747, 8vo.
Jordan (Ch. Etienne) hiftoire d'un voyage
litteraire de l'an 1733, en France, en Ang
leterre, & en Flollande, A laHaye, 1735,
i2mo,
Jo vi 1 (Paul) defcriptio Britanniae, Scotiae,
Hiberniae. Se Orcadum. Bafil, 1546.
Kalm (Pehr) refa til Norra America, Sec.
Stockh. 1753, 1756, 1761, 8vo. Ill De-
lar.
The fame tranfiated into German, by Murray.
Gottingen, 1754, 1757, 1764, 8vo. Ill
Bande.
Thefame tranfiated into Englifh, by Fdrfter. Lon
don, 1771, 8vo. Ill vol.
Thefame tranfiated into Dutch, Utrecht, 1772,
\to. II Deele.
Kirchmaier (Georg Casp) de Anglici
regni genio, moribus, ac dotibus. Wit-
tenb. 1682, 4to.
Kuechelbecker (Joh. Basil) Der nach
L En-

( *2 )
Engclland reifende curidfc Paffagier. Han
nover, 1726, Do. 1736, 8vo.
Lettres curieufes de voyage ecrites d' Angleterre,.
d'ltalie, d'Hongrie, Se d'Allemagne. A
Paris, 1691, 8vo.
Le land's (John) itinerary of Great Britain.
London, 1710, 1712,. 8vo. IX vol.
Le guide d' Angleterre, ou relation curieufe du.
voyage de Monfr. de B***. A Amfter
dam, 17(4, 8vo.
Lochneri (Jac. FIier) obfervationes An-
glicae. Bremae, 1714, 4to.
L. (C F. H.) Reife-Bemerkungen iiber einen
Theil von Italien, Frankrcich, und Eng
land, nebft einem Anhang von Algier-
Celle, 1784, 8vo.
M. (C. P. D..) Relation des voyages en Alle-
magne, Angleterre, Hollande, Boheme, Se
Suiffe. A Rouen, 1676, tamo.
Martin's (Benj..) natural hiftory of Eng
land and Wales. London, 1704, Svo. II
vol. Do. 1759, 8vo. II vol.
Misson's (Mar.) memoirs and obfervations
in his travels over England, and fome ac
count of Scotland and Ireland. London*
1719, 8vo.
Moll's (Herm) new defcription of England
and Wales. London.
Monconys, vide Constantinople.
Morits

( 83 )
Moritz (Carl Phil) Reife eines Deutfchen
. nach England im Jahr 1782. Berlin, 1783,
8vo.
Anmerkungen und Erinnerungen uber H. P.
Moritz Briefe aus England von einem
Deutfchen, der auch einmal in England
geweijn ift. Gottingen, 1785, 8vo.
Muralt lettres fur les Anglois & les Francois,
1725, 1728.
The fame tranfiated into German. Weimar, 1761,
8vo.
My liu s Reife von Berlin nach England in
Bernoulli's Archiv vide Belluno.
Neumair von Rams-la (Joh. Wilii) Be
fchreibung der Reife, welche Johan Ernft
der jungere Flerzog von Sachfen in Frank-
reich, England, und Niederland. 1613,
1614, hinterleget. Leipzig, 1620, 4to.
Nivel (H.) Voyage force, ou maniere de
tirer avantage des circonftances, tire des"
memoires d'un homme de lettres, qui a
fait un long fejour en Angleterre, & en
a obferve les moeurs, et les ufages. A
Paris, 1779, i2mo.
Norden's fpeculi Britanniae pars. London,
i723; 4t°- ,
Nouvelles obfervations fur I'Angleterre par un
voyageur. A Paris, 1779, i2mo.
Nouvel itineraire general, comprenant toutes
les grandes routes & chemins de commu"
L 2 nication

( 84 )
nication des provinces de France, des
ifles Brittanniques, d' Efpagne, de Por
tugal, d' Italie, Sec. A Paris, 1776, gr.
4to, II torn.
Obfervations d'un gentilhomme Anglois, avec
quelques lettres fur la relation de Mr.
Sorbiere, & l'arret du Confeil, qui or-
donne la fupprefflon de la dite relation.
A Paris, 1664, i2mo.
Obfervations made during a tour through parts
of England, Scotland, and Wales. Lon
don, 1779, 4to.
Tranfiated into German, with an additional de
fcription of Yorh.fh.ire. Leipzig, 1781, 8vo.
Oeder's (Joh. Lud) Beytrage zur Oeconomie,
Cameral, und Policey Wifferifchaft, aus
deffen Berichten von feinen Reifen nach
der Schweitz, Holland, Frankreich, und
England im Jahr 1759 & 1763. Deffau,
1782, 8vo.
Ogilbi's (Jean) itineraire de toutes les routes
de I'Angleterre. A Paris, 1759, 4to. avec
CI cartes par Sener.
Owen's (James) Britannia depitEa. London,
1756, 4to. CCXXXVII charts.
Patin (Charles) vide Bohemia.
Payen, vide Brabant.
Prefent ftate of the nation of Great Britain,
refpecEing it's trade, finances, &c. Lon
don, 1769, gr. 8vo.
Rath-

{ 85 )
Rathgeben's (Jacob) kurtze und wahrhafte
Befchreibung der Badenfahrt, welchc
Herzog Fridrich zu Wurtenberg im Jahr
1592 von Mumpelgard aus in England, und
durch die Niederlanden zuriick nach Mum
pelgard verichtet hat. Tubingen, 1602,
410.
Rathgeben (Jacob) und Schickharo
von Herrenberg (Heinrich) vide
De nm ark.
Reife-Befchreibung nach Spanien und Eng
land aus dem Franzofifchen iiberfetzt durcrt
Johan Mackle. Frankfurt, 1667, nmo.
Reife-magazin, Altona, 1784, 8vo. I Band in
3 Stiicken.
Reiibefchryvinge door Vrankryk, Spanje, Ita
lien, Duytfland, England, Holland, Mof~
kovien, Sec. Leiden, 1700, 4to.
Reifen und Begebenheiten in Frankreich, Ita
lien, Deutfchland, Holland und Engel-
land eines Cavaliers im Dienft Guftav.
Adolphs Kriiiig in Sweden, und Karls
I. K. in England; heraufgegeben vou
(Dan) Defse. Leipzig, 1785, 8vo. II Th.
Rcponfe aux fauffetes & invecEives de la re
lation de Mr. Sorbiere. A Amfterdam,
1675, i2mo. *
Richard's charafter of the Englifli nation
by a French Pen. London, 1771, 8vo.
Roden (von) denkwiirdige Reifen Johan Lim-

( 86 )
Limbcrgs durch Deutfchland, Italien, Spa->
nien, Portugal, England, Frankreich und
Schweitz. Leipzig 1690, i2mo.
Roger's hiftorical account of three years tra
vels over England and Wales. London,
1694, 8vo.
Rohan (Due de) voyage fait en 1600 en
Italie, Allemagne, Pais Bas, Angleterre,
& Ecoffe. A Amfterdam, 1646, i2mo.
Rosmital & Blatna (Leonis L. B. de)
commentarius brevis itineris anno 1565,
1566 per Germaniam, Belgium, Angliam,
Hifpaniam, Se Italiam fafti ; ex Bohemica
in linguam Latinam tranflatus. Olomuci,
1577, 8vo.
R. (le B. de) Lettres fur un voyage fait
dans quelques provinces meridionales de
I'Angleterre. A Drefde, 1786.
Sagittarii (Thom) Ulyffes Saxonicus, feu
Iter Johannis Ernefti Ducis Saxoniae in
Germaniam, Galliam, Angliam, Se. Bel
gium. Breflaviae, 1621, 4to.
Sammlung der beften und neueften Reifebe-
fchreibungen in einem Aufzug. Berlin,
1765, 1782, gr. 8vo. XXIII Bande.
Scheid's' (Hieronymus) Befchreibung der
Reife von Erfurt nach den Gelobten Lande,
Spanien, Frankreich, England, und Hol
land. Erfurt, 1615, 1617, 4to. Helmft,
1674, 1679, 4to. SOR-

( 87 )
Sorb ie re (Sam) relation d'un voyage eri
Angleterre. A Paris. 1664, i2mo. A Co
logne, 1666 & 1669 i2mo.
The fame trdrtjlated into Englifh with Thomas
¦ Spr'att's obfervations on it. London , 1 709,
8vo.
Sprat (Th.) on Mr. Sorbiere's voyage into
England. Savoye. 1668, i2mo.
Sprengel's (M. C.) Gefchichte der wich-
tigften ¦ geographifchen Entdeckungen
durch Reifen. Flail, 1783, 8vo. nach
1 1 Vdlkern : den Phoniciern, Griechen,
Romern, Arabern, Normannern, Por-
tugiefen, Spaniern, Hollandern, Eng-
landern, Ruffen und den Pabft durch
Miffionarien; in 11 Abfchnittert.
Stukeley's (Will.) itinerarium curiofum,
or an account of the antiquities and cu
rioflties in nature and art, obferved in
travels through -Great Britain. London.
1724, fol.
Sulivan, videEiDi nburgh.
Taube (Frid. Wil-h. von) Abfchilderung
der Englifchen Manufafturen, Handlung,
Schifffahrt, und Golonien nach ihrer jetzi-*
gen Befchaffcnheit. Wienn, 1774. 8vo.
Do. 1777. *
The modern univerfal Britifli Traveller, Lon
don) »779s fol« Tlie

( 88 )
5"he Englifli topographer, or an hiftorical ac*
count of all the pieces that have been
written relating to the antiquities, natural
hiftory, and topographical defcriptions of
any part of England. London, 1720,
8vo.
The new Britifh Travellers London, 1784^
fol.
Tour through Great Britain, London, 175 j,
4to. VIII vol.
Uffenbach (Zach. Conr. von) merk-
wiirdige Reifen durch Nieder Sachfen,
Holland, und England. Frankf. & Leipz.
1753 & 1754* gr- 8v0- HITh.
Viaggj d'un uomo qualificato, trad, dal Fran-
cefe da Guil. Cefare Laurenti. Torino-,
1685, i2mo.
V. (H. M. de) Memoires faits par un
voyageur en Angleterre, avec une ob-
fervation de ce qu'il y a de plus curieux a
Londres. AlaHaye, 1698, 121110.
Volkmann's (J. J.) Reifen durch England,
vorziiglieh in Abficht auf Kunft — Samm"
lungen, Naturgefchichte, Oeconomie, Ma-
nufafturcn, und Landfitze der Groffen.
Aus den beften Nachrichten und neuen
Schriftcn zufammen getragen. Leipz. 1781!, Svo.

( «9 )
• »" 8V-0. IV Bande.
Voyage philofophique d'Angleterre Fait en
1683 & 1684. A Londres & a Paris, 1787,
8vo. II torn.
Warideriingen eines pliilofophifchen Menfchen-
freundes in America und England, Lune-
burg, 1786, 8vo'.
Watzdorf (H. von) Brief zur Characle-
riftick vOn England gehorig auf einer
Reife im Jahr 1784. Leip-zig, 1786,
8vo.
Wendeborn's (Gebh. Frid. Aug.) Bey
trage zur Kantniifs von Grofs Britan-
nien. Lemgo, 1780, 8vo.
Young's (Arthur) fix weeks tour through
the Southern counties of England and
Wales. London, 1769, 8vo.
„  fix inonths tour through the North
of England, containing an accaunt of the
prefent ftate of agriculture, manufacEures,
and population, &c. London, 1769, IV
vol.
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1772,
gr, 8vo. // Th.
 Farmer's tour through, the Eaft of
England. London, 1771. 8vo. IV vol.
The fami tranfiated into German. Leipzig, V775
gr. 8vo. gter. & qter, . Th.
Young's (Arthur) obfervations oa the pre-
M fent

( 9° )-
fent ftate of the wafte lands of Great Brf<»
tain. London, 1 773, 8vo.
Zeiller's (M.) itinerarium Magnae Britan-
rtiae, Reifebefchreibung durch England,
Schottland, und Irland. Strafburg, 1647^
& 1674, 8vo.

E R I N I SAINT.
Rjchard (Francois) Relation de ce qui s'eft
paffd de plus remarquable a St. EriniT
ifle de l'Archipel depuis l'etabliffement
des P. P.. Jefuites avec plufieurs chofes,
memorabks. A Paris, 1657, 8vo.

ERM E NO N V ILL E.
A tour to Ermenonville, vide Chantilly.
Maier's Reife nach Ermenonville, lit
KLEINEN REIS-EN, vidt CoLOSNE.

EUROPE.
A Review of the chara£Eers of the principal
nations in Europe. London, 1670, 8vo»
II vol.
Albon

( 9* )
J?Libon (Graf von) politifche, hiftorifche,
und critifche Abhandlungen iiber die Re-
gierungs porm ciniger Reiche und Staaten
von Europa. Aus dem Franzofifchen,
Stettin, 1780, 1784, 8vo, II Bande.
Arthur's (King of Britain) voyage to
Iceland and the moft North-eaftern quar
ters of Europe, Anno 517, contained in
Hackluyt, vide Anglesey,
Avril (Phil.) voyage en divers etats d' Eu
rope, & d' Afie, pour decouvrir un nou-
veau chemin a la Chine depuis 1685. 1691
A Paris 1691, 1692, 4to. do. 1693, i2mo.
The fame tranfiated into German. Hamburg,
1705, 8vo.
Benjaminis Na-vXr-reni filii Jonae Tu-
delens is itinerarium, Hebraice cum La-
tiria verfione; & notis atque praefatiorie
(Conftantini) I' Empereur, Lugduni, 1633,
i2mo. maj,
»-.--_,.. Itinerarium, in quo res memorabiles,
quas ante quadringentos annos, totum fere
terrarum orbem (Galliam, Italiam,Grae.ciam
Afiam, Aethiopiam, Arabiam, Siciliam, Ger
maniam, Bohemian, & Boruffiam) dimenfuj
vel ipfe vidit, vel a fide dignis fuae aetatis
hominibus defcribuntur, interpret! Aria
Montano. Antwerp, 1575, 8vo. do
1585, i2mo. Subjeftae funt defcriptiones
Mechae & Medinae ex itinerario Varto
M a rnanni

( 92 )
jnanni & Wildii; praefixa vero ¦diHerta.t^
qnam fuae editioni praemifit Conft. 1' Em
pereur, & nonnullae ejus notae. Helm-,
ftadii 1636, gr, i2mo, Lipfiae 1764, 8vo,
Thefame tranfiated into Englifh by B. Gsrrrans,
London, 1783, i2ma.
Blanq (Vincent le) vide Archipelago.
Boccolari (Domin.) nouvelle defcription de
toutes le villes de 1' Europe, & des cha
fes les plus remarquables, qu'il y a a vojr
dans chaque ville, A Avignon, 1780, 8vo.
BORDA (DE VERD.UN DE LA CrENNE ChE-
valjer de) Voyage fait par prdre du
Roi en 1771 & 1772 a quelques cotes d'
Europe, d' Afrique & d' Amerique, pour
corriger les cartes hydrographiques. Paris,
1779, 4to. II torn.
Boullaye le Gouz (Cesar Egasse de la)
Voyages & obfervations. en Europe, Afie,
Se Afrique jufqu' en 1' ann^e i6cp, 1653^
4to,
Breval (John) vide Alsace.
Briefe eines Reifenden Banditpn uber Skla-,
verey, Monchere.y, und Tyranney der Eu-
ropaer, Leipzig, 1787, 8vor
Briemles (Vinc.) Pilgerfahrt durch Europa,
Afia, und Africa von 1707 bis 1725, mit
Anmerkungen von Jo. Jos. Peck. Mun
chen, 1627, 410. m. Karten.
Burgo(Giov. Eatt. de) Viaggio di cirque

t 93 )
» anni in Alia, Africa, ed Europa. Mila-
no, 1686, I2H10.
Car li (D,) Der nach Venedig .uberbrachte
Mohr, oder Erzahlung aller Denkwiirdig-
keiten, welche ihm in feiner Miffion von
j666 bis 1685 in alien 4 Welttheilen,
fonderlich in Etkiopien aufgeftoffen ; aus
dem Italienifchen. Augfburg, 1692, 4to,
Chancel's (A.) New journey over Europe,
with obfervations. London, 1717, 8vo.
Charafteriftic der vornehmften Europaeifchen
Nationen. Leipzig, 1778, 8vo.
Xhytraei {Nathan) variorum in Europa
itinerum delieiae, feu ex variis manu-
: icriptis" feleftiora tantum inferiptionum
maxime recentium monumenta. Bremae
*594> 1599. l6o8, 8vo. .,
. Compendium geograpbiae antiquae mappis d'
Anvillianis XI majoribus accommodarum.
Vol. I. Europam continentis pars pofte-
rior. Norimb. 1785, 8vb.
Covalesca, Defcrizione itirieraria di varii pa-
fifi d' Europa, e di qualche luoghi ,di
Africa fatta dall' ahnp 1765 fino a tutto
il 1770. In Napoli J. 771,' 8vo.
Crome's (A. F. W.) Europen's ProdufEe, zura
Gebrauch der neuen Produ£Een Karte von
Europa. Deffau, 1782, 8vo. Neue Aufiage,
Europens ProducEe. Zweyter Verfuch.
Hamburg 1784, 8vo liter Theil, Portugal,
' - Spanien,

t 04 )
Spanien, nebft ihren Oft: und Wefi^IricLv*
fchen Colonien.
tri.  . — iiber die GrofTe1 und BevSlkr-
rung der fammtliehen Europaeifchen Staa-
ten. Ein Beytrag zur Kenntnifs der Staaten-
Verhaltniffe Sec, Sec. Leipzig 1786, 8vo*
tnit 1 groffen Karte*.
DtiTENS itineraire des routes les plus fre
quentees. Londres, 1779, 8vo»
Egmond, vide Archipelago.
¦Etat des cours de I'Europe, & des provinces
de France, publie pour la premiere Ibis ert
1783, par Mr. PAbbe de la Roche FilhaiSi
A Paris, 1787, T. I & II.
Faria e S'otjza (M. de) Europa Portugiiefa, 2-
¦edic. Lifboa, 1678, 1679, i68t>f fol. 3 v.
F. B. Voyages hiftoriques de P Europe, aug
mented du guide des voyageurs. A AiA-
fterdam 1712, VIII torn.
FlachatYJean Claude) Obfervations fur le
commerce, les arts, les metiers, P econo-i
mie, & les finances, faites pendant fesvoy^
ages eft Europe, Afife, & Afrique. A Lyon4
4-766, i2mo. II vol.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1767
8vo. II. Th.
Eurst (GeorS von) Guriofe Reifen durch "Eu*
ropa. Sorau, 1739, 8vo.
Gemelli Carreri (Giov. Franc) Viaggj
di Europa, In Napolij 171 1, 8vO. By

( 95 )
jSy the fame, Giro del mondo. In Venezia,
1719, 8vo. IX torn. In Napoli 1721, 8vo.
IX torn.
Thefame tranfiated into French. A Paris, 1719,
1727, gr. 12W0. VI torn.
Handbuch der alten Erdbefchreibung zum Ge-
brauch der IX grdffern Danvillifchen
Landcharten. Nurnberg 1786, §yo. II
Bande.
Hogrewe, vide England.
Hoguet (de la) Nouvelles lettres galantes St
hiftoriques fur divers fujets des vOyages,
qu'un gentilhomme Francois a fait'en Eu
rope. A Paris, 1691, 8vo.
Jordan (C.) Voyages hiftoriques del' Europe,
A la Flaye, 1692,^1701, nmo. VIII vol.
ATParis, 1695, 1702, i2mo. VIII vol. A Pa
ris, 1721, 8vo. VIII vol. avec cartes.
Itineraire des routes les plus frequentees, ou
journal d' un voyage aux villes principales.
Krebel's (Gottfr.) vermehrte Eiiro-
paeifche Reifen. Hamburg 1767, do. 1783,
8vo. II Theile.
Levoyageur politique en Europe. A Fran'ckf.
1692, 1695, III torn. 8vo.
Letters-of different parts of Europe and the Eaffc>
written in the year 1750. They contain ob
fervations on the productions of nature, the
monuments of arts, and the manners of
inhabitants. London, 1753, 8vo. II vol.
Litgow

f $® )
LItgow (Will.) negentienjaarige landrtife
uyt Sehottland, door Europa, Afia &
Africa, uyt 't Engels. Amfterdam, 1652,
4to.
Mac Intosh, travels in Europe, Afia and
Africa. London, 1782, 8vo. II vol.
Thefame tranfiated into German, with fome re
marks. Leipzig, 1786, 8vo. II Bande.
May (Louis du) Prudent voyageur, contenant
la defcription politique, de 1' Afie, de'l'Afri-
que,de l'Amerique, & particulierement de 1*
Europe. A Geneve,i68i, 1686, lamo. Ill t.
Mayer's (Joh. Frid.) unter dem Nahmen
Romani Landwirthfchaftliche Reifen durch
die vornehmften Landfchaften Europens.
Nurnberg, 1775, 1776, 1777, 1*782, 8vo.
IV Thiele.
Memoires inftrucEifs pour un voyageur dans les
divers etats de 1' Europe, contenant des!
anecdotes propres a eclaircir P hiftoire du
terns; avec des remarques fur le commerce
& 1' hiftoire naturelle. Amfterdam, 1 736,
1738, 1 2 mo. II torn.
. The fame tranfiated into German. Berlin. 1 738,
&vo. II Theile.
Miss'elli il Burattino (Giuseppe) Rag-
guaglio veridico, overo iftiuzzione per chi
viaggia, colla defcrizzione di Europa. In
Roma 1682, 121110. Do. in Bologna 1699,
i2mo. II torn. The

( 97 )
r The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1687}
I2JM0.
Monconys vide Constantinople. ¦ -
Montague (Lady Mary Wortley) London
1763, i2mo, II vol. Berlin, 1781, 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1763,
8vo.
The fame additional volume, 1767, gr, mno.
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig. 1767,
8vo.
The whole works tranfiated into French by le P.
Burnet. Amfterdam, 1763, 8vo. Rotterdam,
1764, 8vo. Berlin, 1764, 8vo.
Moryson's (Fines) itinerary thfotigh differ
ent parts of Europe and Afia. London,
1617, 1619, fol. Ill vol.
Motraye, vide Crim.
fc . . . - . - Travels in feVeral countries of ducal
and royal Pruffia, Ruflia and Poland.
The fame in French, avec des remarques geogra-
phiques & topographiques faites en 1726. Lon
dres & Dublin, 1732, fo.
Myller's (AngelicuS Maria) Befchreibung
feiner fiinf Reifen, die er in Europa, Afia,
und Africa gethan, Wienn und Nurnberg,
i735» 4">.
Neitzschutz (Georc. ChrIst. voN)<£ie-
benjahrige Weltbefchauung durch Europa,
Afia und Africa, Bautzen 1666, 4to. Nurn-
herjj ie73; 4'°- Magdeburg, 1753-, 410.
N Neuefte

( 98 )
Nsuefter Wegweifer durch ganz Europa, B«rr»
lin, 1787, 8vo.
Nogues, Voyages & avantures en Europey
AlaHaye, 1728, 12m©. 1739, i2mo.
Nortleigh's (John) topographical defcrip-
tions,- with hiftories and- political obferva
tions made in two feveral voyages through
moft parts of. Europe. 1702, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into. German. Amfterdam
1671, 440.
Nugent's grand tour,- containing a defcriptfpn
of moft of the cities, towns, and remark
able places of Europe. London, ^ 1749,
8vo. IV vol.
Npuyeau recueil de voyages am Nerd de 1" Eu
rope, & de 1' Afie, contcnants les extraits
de relations des voyages les plus eftimes, &
qui n' ont jamais ete publics en Francois.
Ouvrage traduit de differentes langues, Sec.
A Paris 1785, 8vo. II torn,
Pacichelli (Giov. Batt) Memoria di viag
gi per P Europa Chriftiana. In Napoli
1685, 12-mo. IV torn.
Peritsol (Abraham) itinera mundi fie dicEa',
nempe cofmographia Latina ; verfione do-
navit, & notaspaffim adjecit Thomas Hyde,
Oxonii, 1691, 4to.
Petersdorff (Christoph.) itinerarium terrae
SancEae, & totius Europac. Erfurt 1616
8vo. Filati

( 99 )
Pilati (Charles Ant. de) Voyages en differ
ens pais de P Europe en 1774, 1775, 1776,
•ou lettres ecrites de P Allemagne, de la
Suiffe, de 1' Italie, de la Sicile, & de Paris.
A laPIaye, 1777, 8vo. II vol.
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig. 1778,
800. II Theile.
Pinto(Fernando Menpejz) Peregrmacam, en
que da conta de muytas, e muyto ~ eftran-
has coufas, que vio, Sec. Lifboa 1614, fol.
'Thefame tranfiated into Trench by Bern. Pi-
quier. Paris, 1624. Do. 1645, 4*0,
Thefame tranfiated into Spanifh. En Valencia,
.1645, fol.
Thefame in Dutch. Amfterdam, 1653, ({to.
Thefame tranfiated into Gernrnn, Amfterddm^
1671, 4tg.
Polln it z,(Char-les Louis d e) memoires con»
tenants les obfervations qu'il a faites dans
fes voyages en Europe. A Liege 1734,
i2mo. Ill torn. A Londres, .1735, 8vq.
Ill torn. A Amfterdam, 1735, gr. i2mo.
Ill torn. A Amfterdam, 1737, &vo. Ill
torn.
j.   Briefe, welche das merkwur-'
digfte feiner Reifen in fich enthalten.
Frankfurt 1738, 8vo. Ill Theile.
K  Nouveaux raernoires-. Amfterdam,
' 1737> 8V0, H'torn. .N* 3RW

( i<?o )
The fame memoirs in Germa-A. Frankfurt^
1739? TI Th-
Price's (Joseph) travels in Europe, Afia, and
Africa, Ewion, 1782, 8vo,
Potamographia Europea cum Fiedler,! flumini-*
bus Germaniae. Ulmae, 1627, 12500.
Raynal (Guil.Thom.) Tableau de P Europe
pour fervir de Supplement a P hiftoire
philofophique & politique du commerce,
Amfterdam 1774, gr. 8vo,
Rfcifeahnanach fijr Europa. Wienn, 1773,
l6mo.
Reifen in verfchiedene Lander von Europa,
oder Briefe aus Deutfchland, der Schweitz-,
Italiep, Sifilien, und Paris eefchriefcen,
1778, 8 vo.. II Th.
Reifboek door de voornaarnften koningrykea
Si heerfchappyen van Europa. Amfter
dam, 1729, gr,i2mo,
Roth's (Eberh. Rud.) auferlefene Denkwur-
digkeifen von Europa. Ulm, 1749, i2mo,
Sailor^s. " letters written during, his third
voyage and travels in Europe, Afia, and
America. London, 1766, i2mo. II vol.
Salmon's modem hiftory, or theptefent ftaJe
of all nations. London, 1744, 1746, fol,
III vol.
TheJ ame tranfiated into ItaUan. In Vcnezitfa. 1740^
1766, 8vo, XXVI vol,
Thefame in French. A^mfltrdatn^ 1730. Tht

t »» J
Thefame tranfiated into German, zuith additions of
M. Cock.
Schubarts (Mich.) Reife durch verfchie-
dene Lander von. Europa. C'obiirg, i7o8,fo.
Schultz's (Stephan) Leitung des Hochften
nach feincn Rath auf den Reifen durch
Europa, v Afia, und Africa, Hall, 1771',
1775, 8vo. V Th.
Severtii (Franc) fele£Eae Chriftiani orbis
delieiae ex urbibus, templis, hibliothecis.
Colon, 1625, 8vo.
Sherlock (Mart.) vide Berlin.
Straiilenberc (Phil. Joh. von) Nord und
Oeftlicher Theil von Europa und Afia, &c
Leipzig, 1730, 4to.
Sulivan's (R. T) under the name Akbar of
Betlis, philofophical rapfodies, con
taining reflexions on the laws, manners,
cuftoms, and religions of certain Afiatic,
African, and European nations, London,
17.84; 1785, 8vo. III. vol.
f he fame tranfiated into German-. Leipzig, 1787,
8vo. II Bande.
Su lz e r's( J. G.) Tagebuch einer von Berlin nach
den mittaglichen Landera von Europa, im
Jahr 1775, und i776gethanen Reife, und
Zuriickreife. Leipzig, 178s, 8vo. |
The fame tranfiated into French, A la Haye, 1782,
gr. 8vo.
S, G. (G. R. FreyherrN von) Statiftifchc
Tabellcn zur hequemen Uberficht der
Grofle,

( 102 )
Groffe, Bevolkerung, des Reichthums und
der Macht der vornehmften Europeifchen
Staaten. Dritte vermehrte und verbefferte
Auflage. Leipzig, 1786, gr. fol.
The American wanderer through various parts
of Europe, by a Virginian. London,
1783, 8vo.
Thevenot (N. M. de) Voyages tant en Eu*
rope, qu'en Afie, & Afrique. A Paris,
1689, 8vo. V torn. Do. A Amfterdam,
1705, 1725, i2mo. V torn. Do. A Amfter
dam, 1 727, 8vo. V torn.
The fame tranfiated into German. Frankfurt,
1693, 410. Ill Th.
Toze, gegenwartiger Zuftand von Europa,
Butzow, 1767, gr. 8vo. II Th. Diefes Werk
ift umgearbeitet ' unter folgenden Tilel
erfchienen : Eirileitung zur allgemeinen,
und befondern Europeifchen Staatfkunde.
Butzow und Weimar, 1779, gr. 8vo. II
Th. Die neuefte mit Veranderungen be.-
' reicherte Auflage ift Butzow, Schwerin,
und Weimar, 1785, gr.'8vo. II Th.
Voyages faits en 1771 &1772 en diverfes par
ties de I'Europe, de 1' Afrique, & de l'Ame-
rique, pour verifier I'utilite de plufieurs
methodes, & inftrumens fervant a determi
ner la latitude, & la longitude, fuivis de
rcehcvdics pour recEirkr les cartes hy-
drauliques?

( i«3 )
drauliques, par M. M. Verdun, de Borcfay
& de Pingre. A Paris, 1778, 4t<S. '.
Voyages dans les cours de I'Europe. ALondres,
1752, 8vO. Ill vol.
Voyages en divers pays de I'Europe en
1774, 1776. A la Haye, 1777, 8vo. II
torn. A Bale", 1779, Sr- ^vo-
Wolshi (Thom.- Stan.) peregrinatio Hiero-
folymitana latius producEa per tres mfigni-
ores mundi partes, Europam, Afiam, &
Africam., LeopOli, 1737, 1748, 4to*
Wraxall, vide Copenhagen.

FERRO ISLANDS;
Debes (Luc. Jam.) a defcription, of the iflands
and inhabitants of Ferro. London, 16761,
1 6mo.
Debes (Lucas Jacobsen) Farea refera'ta. Co-
penh. 8vo, „
. .  Natiirliche urid politifche hiftorie der
Irifeln Faro ; aus dem Danifchen, nebft
¦ Thormod Torfaeus Faroefche Gefchichte
aus dem Lateinifchen uberfetzt. Copen
hagen und Leipzig, 1757, 8vo.
Jonge (Nic.) Chorographifk belkrivelfe |to-
nigeriget Norge, famt Faroe iflands, och
Grdnland. Kiobenh, 1778, 4to.
Kerguelen Tre.marec (de) Relation d'un
>¦- , vovaee

I 104 )
voyage aux cdtes d'Iflande, de Gronlande,
de Ferro, de Schettland, des Orcades, &
v de Norivege fait en 1767 Se 1768. A Paris,
1771, 4to. Do. A Amfterdam, 1772,
4to.
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1772,
gr. 8vo. mit einem Kupfer und 2 Land-
charten.

F. E R N E Y.
Sherlock, vide Berlin.
fichtElberg.
Bruschii (Casp-) Befchreibung des Fichtel-
bergs. Wittenberg, 1612, 4to. Vermehrt
durch Theobaldus. Nurnberg, 1683, 4to.
PACHELBEL VON GehOG (Joh CHRISTIAN)
Ausfiihrliche Befchreibung des Fichtel-
bergs in Nordgau diegerid. Leipzig, 1716,
4to.
Willlns (J.) Deutfches Paradies, im vor-
tfefffichen Fichtelberge, deffen Stromen,
Bergwerken, Nutzbarkeiten, und Selten-
heiteii. Frankf, fol.

FIN.

C *°5 )

FINLAND.
Blefkehius 'Dith,) Hiftorie von Lap — &
Finland, Hier is by gevoegt de Befchry*
ving van Is — en Groenland, Leuwarden
1716, 8vo.
Burja (Abel) vide Courland, .
Hermannidae (Rutgeri) Delieiae fivp
amoenitates Sueciae, Gothiae, magnique
Ducatus Finlandiae, Lugd. Bat. 1705,
i2mo.
Herman's (Be ned. Franz) Beytrage "zur Phyj»
fick, Oeconomie, Minerologie, Chymie,
Technologie, und Statiftick, befonders
der Ruflifchen und angrenzenden LSn-
dern. Berlin, und Stettin, 1 786,' gr. 8voy
iter Band.
Owexionii (Mich) epitome defcriptionis Su
eciae, Gothiae, Finningiae, & fubje£Earura
provinciarum. Aboae, 1650, 8vo.
Rudbeck, vide Aland,
Zeilleri (M.) defcriptio regnorum Sueciae,
Gothiae, -magnique DucatuS Finlandiae ;
ut et Livoniae, Bremenfis Diicatus, Po-
meraniae. Amft.^ 1655, i2mo.
„  Befchreibung des KonigwichS
Schweden und Gothen, auch des Grofs-
Q fttrftenthum$

( 106 )
fiirftthenthums Finland, Sec. Ulm, 1647,
8vo.

FLANDERS.
Bepbachtungen auf einer Reife nach Pan's
durch Flandern, 177^. Leipzig, 1778,
8vo.
Burney, vide Bohemia,
Calvete, vide Brabant.
Coulon (Louis) Voyage de France, 4e
Flandres & de Savoye. 'A Pari$, 1643,
8vo.
TJeschaiuvs, vide Brabant.
Frank's (Thom.) Tour through France, Flan
ders an4 Germany. London, 1735,
8vo.
Le Guide de Flandres & de Hpllande. 'A Pa
ris, 1779, 8vo.
Lettres gallantes & de voyage, dans lefquelles
on decrit les moeurs, les coutumes, & les
interets d' Italie, d' Hpngrie, d'AUemagne,
de Suiffe, d'HoJlande, de Flandres, d'Ef-
pagne & d'Angleterre. 'A Paris, 1671,
i2mo.
Marshall., vide Denmark
Memoires & plans geographiques des principales
places de France, d'ltalie, d' Allemagne,
pV Hollander

( 107 )
Hollande, & Flandre Efpagnole. A Pa
ris, 1698, 8vo. ,
R. (de la) Voyage d'un amateur des arts en
Flandres, dans les Pai's Bas, en Hollande,
en France, en Savoye, en Italie, en Suiffe,
fait dans les annees, 1775 jufqu' en 1778,
¦dans lequel on indique les edifices, & les
monumens antiques, & modernes, les
collecEions de peinture, de fculpture, d'
hiftoire naturelle, les bibliotheques, Sec.
une defcription des vallecs de glace de
Faucigny & de Berne. A Amfterdam, &
fe trouve a Liege, 1783, i2ino. IV. torn,
Regnard vide Denmark,
St. Martin vide Brabant,
SiNGLADE.-oiVe Corsica,
Viaggio di un uomo qualificato vide England,

F ORE Z.
Dulac, vide Beaujolois.
FORMENTERA.
Campbell (Colin) ancient and modern hifto
ry of the Balearic iflands, with theif na
tural and geographical defcription, tranfia
ted from the Spanifh, 1616. 8vo.
Oa FRAN-

( *o8 )

' ( •
RRANCHE COMTEK.
Pococke, vide Archipelago.
R. (Comte Gregoi.re de) dj<&Ch ampaign,
Romain Jo li (Fr. Jos.) La Franche Comtes
ancienne &moderne. A Paris, 1779, i2mo.

FRANCE.
.f! < .' . < J . ... .(•( • .. . :>v 1 _.i
A defcriptive journey through the interior
parts of Germany & Fiance including
Parif, with interefting and amufing anec
dotes by a young Englifh Peer. London,
1786, 8vo.
A new journey to France, with feveral divert
ing tranfafliors. London, 1715, 8vo.
Almanach du voyageur dans Paris, & dans les
-lieux les plus remarquables du royaume,
pour 1' annee 1786. A Paris, 1706, i6mo,
Andrews (John) Letters to a young gentle-.
man ononis fetting out for France. Lon
don, 1784, 8vo.
. Baretti, vide England. j
.Belli (FrancJ Offervazioni fatte nel .-yiaggto
fatto col Sigr. Giorgi Ambafciatore Vene-
to in olanda, c Francia. Venez. 1632,
4to, Benjaminis*

{ tog )
Benjaminis Navarreni itinerarium, vide
Europe.
Bernoulli (Jean) Lettres fur differens fu-
jets ecrites pendant le cours d' un voyage
par 1' Aftemagne, la Suiffe, la France
meridionale, & P Italie en 1777, 1779,
8vo. HI vol.
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Bernoulli's archiv. toi&Bellumo.
Befchreibung einer Reife aus Deutfchland Sec.
vide England.
BjOERNSTAEHL vide CONSTANTINOPLE.
Birkens (Sigimund von) Reifen des Marg-
graf Chriftian Ernft zu Brandenburg durca -
Deutfchland, nach Frankreich, Italien
und die Niederlande, Bareuth, 1669, 4to,
Do. 1676, i2mo,
*Beainv1lle,*z^c Archipelago.
Blanc (L' Abbe le) vide England.
Boccage (Mad. de) vide Do.
Boyle (Pv.obert) Voyages & avantures en
France, en Suiffe, Se en Italie, traduils dg
P Anglois. A Amfterdam, 1730, gr. i2mo,
II vol.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Halberfiad, 1735,
II Th. Hamburg & Leipzig, 1744, 8vo.
II Th. ' ''l |
Breval vide Alsace.
Brown's (Edward) travels arid adventures in

( lip J
in France, Italy, Malta, Sec. London,
1739, 8vo.
Bbun des-Marettes de Molcon (le) Voy
ages liturgiques de France, avec des decou-
verles fur P amiquite ecclefiaftique &
payenne, A Paris, 1718, 8vo.
Burnet (Gilberts) Account of whatfeemcd
moft remarkable in Switzerland, Italy,
Germany, & France. Rotterdam, 1686,
lamo. Do. 1686, 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into- French, Rotterdam,, 1687,,
12W.
The fame 'tranfiated into German, III Edit.
Leipzig, 1693. izma.
Thefame into Dutch. Hoorn, 1726. 8va.
Burnly vide Bohemia.
Castillo (Dn.Leon de) Viaje del Rey Dn.
Felipe 4to. a Ia frontera de Francia. Ma
drid, 1667, 410.
Coudray (du.) Anecdotes. intereffantes & hi
ftoriques de P Illuftre voyageur Jofeph Hd.
pendant fori fejour a Paris. A Paris,
1777, 8vo. Leipzig, 1777, 8vo. A Paris,
1778, i2mo,
The fame tjta.nfi.atcd inta German. Augfburg,
1777, 8vo.
 ;  Voyage du Comte de Hagen
(Roi de Suede) en Italie & en France. A
Paris, 1784, 8vo„
Cotji.o» vide Flanders. By

( tl't )
-..  _ — Fidele <*onduQfeu-r pOur le- voyage
de France. A Paris, 1654. 8vo.
„,---.  , . Rivieres- de France, ou- deferip.
tion geographique & hiftorique des- cours
& deboudemens dfes rivieres: de France,
avee le denombrement des> villes, ponts/ <Sf.
paffages. >A Paris, 1644, 8vo. II torn.
Denis (L.) Condufteur Francois contenant les
routes avec un detail hiftorique & fcopo-
graphique des endroits, ou elles paffent,
Se des notes curieufes fur les chaines des
montagnes, qu'on rencontre. 'A Paris VII
parts, avec cartes.
Defcription generale, Se particuliere de la
France, enrichie d' eftampes.. A Paris,
1781, gr. fql. torn. I.
Des Lord's' * * * ite und gte Reife nach A-
ris. Berlin, 1780, 1781, 8vo. II Theile.
Devize, Voyage des Ambaffadeurs de Siam en,
France. A Lyon, 1686, i2mo.
Puval-Pyrau (Abbe) Journal Se anecdotes.
intereffantes de Monf. le, Comte de Falken
ftein en France. A Paris, 1777. Frankf.
& Leipz, 1777, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into German. Frankf. £3
Leip. ijfj, 8vo.
EsfiR'T', ©&fe England; »
Eisenberg, vide Ditto
JElveri, vide Ditto
Ens,(Casp,) Delieiae Galliae. Cploniac, 1609, 8vo.

f II* J"
8vo. Etat des Cours, vide Europe.
Erpenius (Thomas) de peregrinatione G allies
utiliter inftituenda, Lugd. Bat. 1631, i2mo.
Junfta Jufti Lipfii epiftola. de peregrina
tione Italica, Sec. Hamburg, 1721, 8vO.
Fabri's (Joh. Ern.) Sammlung von Stadt, —
Land, — und Reife-Befchreibungen. Hall,
1786, 8vo. II Theile. Enthalt auch eine-
Uberficht der Univerfrtaten, Academien,
und. anderer litterarifchen Anftalten in
Frankreich.
Ferdinand Albrecht, ojc^cEngland.
Fevre (Le) Journal hiftorique du voyage d©
PAmbaffadeur de Perfe en France. 'A Paris,
1715, 8vo.
Force (Piganiol de'la) Nouveau voyage de
France. 'A Paris, 1755, gr. i2mo. II torn.
- _ . . . -Nouvelle defcription de la France, dans.
faquetle on voit le gouvennent general d©
ce royaume. 'A Paris, 1754, gr. i2mo;
VIII torn.
Franks, vide Flanders.
Geisler's (Adam Frid.) Kaifer Jofeph's
des Hten. unter den Kamen eines Grafen
von Falkenftein unternommene 2te. und
gte. Reife nach Rufsland, Niederland, un4
Frankreich. Hall, 1781, 8vo.
Ge ?cb e rt (Ab. Mart.) Iter Allemannicum ; ac-
cedit

( H3 )
fccdit Italicum & Gallicum de anno 1760.
St. Blaflii, 1765, 1773, 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Ulm, Frankf. &
Leipzig, 1767, 8vo.
Giraud Soulavie, Chronologie phyfique des
eruptions des Volcans eteints de la France
meridionale. A Paris, 1781, gr. 8vo.
Thefame, vide Auvergne.
Goelnizii (Alb.) Ulyffes BelgicO'— Gallicus,
Lugd. 1631, iamo, Amfterdam, 1655,
i2mo.
Grasseri Schatzkammer, wie England,
Grimm vide Do.
Gualandris, vide Do.
Guinderoda vide Do.
H. (Comte F, de) vide Do.
Hartig (Graf von) vide Do.
Hempel's (E. F.) Reifender Deutfcher in
Deutfchland, Italien, Frankreich, Nieder-
land. Eine Wochenfchrift. Halle 1745,
1748, 8vo. IV Th.
Hentzner vide England.
Hill ^Marshall's travels through France
and Spain, London, 1773. 8vo.
Tranfiated into German. Dantzig, 1.778, 8vo.
Hiftorical extrafts relative to laws, cuftoms,
manners, trade, literature, arts, fcienges,
Sec. of France; tranfiated from the new
P hiftory

( i*4 1
hiftory of Velly and others. Londprjj
1769, 8vo. II vol.
Hoenn, vide England-,
Hunczowsky vide Alsace,
Jordan vide England.
Josten's (Jacob) Reifebefchreibung durcff
die Turkey, Ungarn, Pohlen, Preuffen,-
Bohmen, Oefterreich, Deutfchland, Spa-
nien, Frankreich Sec. Lubeck,- 1652, 410.
Journal einer Reife durch Frankreich, von der
Verfafferin von Rofalien's Briefen, Al-
tenburg, 1787, 8vo.
L. (C. F. H.) Reifebemerkungert, vide Eng-<
dand.
Le voyage de France dreffe pour P inftruftion'
Se la commodite des etrangers. A Rouen,
1647, i2mo.
Lemhard (J.) Journal du voyage d' Anne Ma
rie, Reine d' Efpagne, depuis Neubourg.
par la France juf'qu' a Madrid. A Bru
xelles, 1 69 1, 8vo.
Limberg vel Roden, vide England.
Lutzenkirchen (Guil.) Delieiae apodemi--
eae per Galliam & Hifpaniam. Coloniae'
1609, 8vo.
M. Voyages faits eh divers terns en Efpagne^
Portugal, Allemagne, & France. A Am
fterdam, 1690, 17OO, i2mo.
M Refleftions on D. Gilbert Burnet's tra
vels into Switzerland,- Italy, and certain parts

( lifi )
parts of Germany and France. London,
1688, 8vo.
ivl. (T.) Reife der Pabfte nach Frankreich,"
Deutfchland, und Italien, 1782, 8vo.
Marshall^ vide Denmark.
MArcell's (C) Reifen und Bemerkungeft
durch Frankreich, Italien und die Nieder-
lande, aus dem . Franzoiifehen. Berlin
und Potzdam, 1787, 8vo. IVTheil.
Martene (Edw.) & Durand (Ursin) Be-
NEDICT1NS DE LA CONGREGATION DeSt.
Mabs. Voyage litteraire en France, dans
les Pais Bas, Se, dans l'Allemagne, ou P on
trouve, lment., quantite de pieces, d' in-
fcriptions, & d' epitaphes fervant a eclair-
cir P hiftoire, & les genealogies des ancien-
nes families. 2ment plufieurs ufages des
eglifes cathedrales & des monafteres tou-
chant la difcipline, Se P hiftoire des eglifes
des Gaules ; 3ment. les fondations de mo1
nafteres & une infinite de recherches cu-
rieufes & intereffantes, qu'ils Ont faits dans
pres de looeveches Se 800 abbayes, qu'ils
ontparcouru. A Paris, 1717,1724, gr. 410,
II vol.
N.Ji. This Book might be of great utility ta
fuch families as may have pretenfio-Bs or a
right to claim inheritances of their ancefiors
in France, the Low Countries or Germany.
Pa. MathewS

( n6 )
Mathews voyage en France, vide Archipe
lago.
Madrisio (Nic) Viaggj perl' Italia, Francia,
e Germania, 1717, 8vo. II torn.
Mayer, vide Bohemia.
Memoires & plans geographiques, vide Flan
ders.
Merckerii (Jo.) apodemica, in itinere potif-
fimum Gallico nata, Se curfprie confignata;
Erfurt, 1634, i2mo.
Mo nt (du) Voyage en France, en Italie, en AI-
lemagne & en Turquie, contenant les re-
cherches & obfervations curieufes, qu'il a
faites en tous ces pai's tant fur les moeurs,
les coiitumes des peuples, & les differentes
religions, que fur P hiftoire ancienne &
moderne, la philofophie, & les monumens
antiques. A la Flaye, 1699, 1700, gr.
i2mo. IV vol.
Moore's (John) view of the fociety and man
ners in France, Switzerland and Germany.
London, 1779, 1780, 8vo. II vol.
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig,
1779, 8vo. // Bande.
Muralt, vide, England.
Navagero (An dr.) Viaggio in Spagna ed in
Francia nei anni 1524, 1528. In Venezia,
»5°3> 8vo-
Neumayer von Ramsla vide England.
,Nouvel itineraire general, vide Do. Nouveaw

( n7 )
Nouveau voyage de France, avec un itineiaire.
A Paris, 1724, gr. i2mo. II torn, avec 14
cartes.
Nouveau voyage de France geographique, hi Ro-
rique, & curieux. A Paris, 1738, gr. 121110.
Oeder vide England.
Ortelii (Abrah.) & Viv iant (Jo.) iti .era-
rium per nonn illas Galliae & Bclgii partes.
Antw. 1584, 8vo. Lugd. Bat. 1660,1667,
i2mo.
The fame, vide Brabant.
Palmer's four months tour through France.
London, 1776, i2mo. II vol.
Pilati, vide Europ.e.
Pontani (Isaac) itinerarium Galliae Narbon-
nenfis cum duplici apendice & gloffario
prifco — Gallico, feu de lingua Gallomm
veteri differtatione. Lugduni. 1606, i2mo.
Poole's (R.) journey from London to France,
and Holland. London, 1742, 8vo.
Poullin de Lumina moeurs & coutumes des
Francois. A Lyon 1768, i2mo. II torn.
Quad 1 (Mat.) Delieiae Galliae. Francpf. 1603,
4to.
R. (de la) vide Flande rs.
R. Lettres critiques & politiques fur les colo
nies & le commerce des villes maritimes
de France adreffees a. (G. Th.) Raynal.
A Geneve & Paris, 1785, 8vo.
R, (M. Li) Nouveau voyage en France geogra phique

( n8 )
phique, hiftorique, & curieux. A Paris,
1723, 8vo.
Ray's (John) travels through the Low coun
tries, Germany, Italy and France, with
an account of the travels of Willoughby
through Spain. London, 1738, 8vo. II vol.
»__  Iter per Belgium, Germaniam,
Italiam, & Galliam. Londini, 1763, 8vo,
Rechac Evenement du voyage du Prince Za-
ra Chrift d' Ethiopie. A Paris, 1635, 4to,
Reifbefchryvinge door Vrankryk, &c. vide Ex &•
LAND.
Relation d'un voyage nouvellement fait par la
France, A Londres, 1717, 8vo.
Remarks on the charafter and manners of the
French. London, 1 770, 8vo. II vol.
Roche (de la) journal eirer Reife durch Frank
reich. Altenburg, 1787, 8vo.
Roden, vide England
Rouviere (Henry de) Tour de la France,
A Paris, 1712, 1 2mo.
Rutilii (Claudii) itinerarium, lib. II. Fran-
cof, ,1623, 8vo. Amfterd. 1687, 8vo. Al-
tenb. 1741, 8vo. Brandenburgi 1760, 8vo.
S.Voyage de France, d' Efpagne, de Portugal, c%
d' Italie. A Paris, 1770, IV torn.
Sagittarii (Thom) vide England.
Salzmann's(Fried. Rud.) Brieftafche auf ei
ner Reife durch Deutfchland, Frankreich, Helvetien.

( H9 )
Helvetien und Italien. Frankfurt, 1780^0.
Sander's (Heinr.) Befchreibung feiner Reifen
durch Frankreichj Niederlahd, Holland*
Deutfchland, und Italien, In Beziehung
auf Mehfchenkenntnifs, Induftrie, Littera-
t ;tur, und Naturkunde inforiderheit. Leip
zig, 1783, 8vo. II Theile.
•Savinien d' Alquie (Fr.) Delices de la
France. Amfterdam, 1670, i2mo. II vol.
Schambergii (Simon) delieiae Galliae. Fran*
cof, 1616, 24t0.
Scheid, vide England.
S-chondorfer (Joh. Hieron) Hofmeifter
nach Frankreichj oder Anweifung, was
die Deutfchen in Frankreich fehen und ler-
nen konnen. Nurnberg, 1673, i2mo. .
SchPtti (Franc.) itinerarium Italiae, Ger-
maniaeque ; accedit ejufdem itinerarium
Galliae & Hifpaniae. Colon, 1620,
i2mo.
ISinglade, vide Corsica.
; Smollet's (J.) travels through France and
Italy. London, 1766, 8vo. Il vol.
1 The fame tranfiated into German, Leipz. 1767,
» 8vo. JI. Theile.
Sommaire defcription de la France, de P Alk-
magtie, de lTtalie, et de l'Efpagne. A Co
logne, 1605, i2mo.
Sterne's (L.) Sentunental journies through
France and. Italy. London, 1768, 1770,
r . :. lam*

f 120 )
umo II vol. Leipzig, 1771, 8vo. II vol.
Altenb. 1776, 8vo. II vol. Gottingen, 177$
8vo. II, vol.
The fame tranfiated into German. Hamburg und
Bremen, 1768, 1769, 8vo. II Th.
The fame tranfiated into French. A Paris. .1769,
i2mo. II torn.
Reifen durch Frankreich undltalien, als ein Veii-
fuch iiber die menfchliche Natur. Braun-
fchweig, 1769, 8vO.
Steven's (Schaverell) vermifchte Anmer
kungen, einer neulich gethanen fieben-jah-
rigen Reifp durch < Frankreich, Italien,
Deutfchland, und Holland. Aus dem En-
glifchen. Gotha, 1759, ^vo.
Storch's (H.) Skizzen, Scenen, und Bemerkun
gen auf einer Reife durch Frankreich. Hej-
delberg, 1787, gr. 8vo.
t Strobelberger (Jo. Steph.) Galliae poli-
tico-medica defcriptio, de qualitatibus
regni Gallici, acaderniis, urbibus, fiuviip,
aquis medicatis, aere, plantis, mineralibus
differens. Jenae, 1621. i2mo.
Temple's (Lancel) Short ramble through
fome parts of France and Italy. London,
1771, i2mp.
- The tour of Hplland, vide Brabant.
Thicknesse, vide Catalonia.
Thompson's (Charles) travels, containing bjs
obfervations on France, London, 1748,
8vo. 3 vpls. Via-

t 121 )
Verdier (du) Voyage de France dVeffe pour
I' inftruftion tant des Francois, que desi
« ttrangers, A Paris, 1639, 1685, gr. issmo.
Verdun, vide Denmark.
Veryard's (E.) account of choice remarks
in a journey through the Low Countries,
France, Italy, part of Spain, Sicily End
Malta ; as alfo to the Levant. London,
1701, fol.
Viaggio d'un uomo qualificato, vide England.
Volkmann's (D, T, Ti) neuefte Reifen durch
Frankreich in Abficht auf Naturgefchicht,
Oeconomie, Manufafturen, und Werke
der Kunft, &c. Leipzig, 1787, 8vo. iter
Band.
Voyage pittorefque de la France, avec la de
fcription de toutes les provinces. A Pa
ris, 1784, 1785, gr. fo. XXXI livraifons.
Welschen. vide Archipelago.
Wraxai.l (Nath.) Tournees dans les pro
vinces occidentals, meridionales, & inte-
rieures de la France, trad, de P Anglois. A
Rotterdam. 1777,. i2mo.
Wright's (Edward) Some obfervations
made in travelling through France, Italy,
&c. in the years 1720, 1721, 1722. Lon
don. 1730, 4to. II vol. in Blainville's tra
vels.
Yorick's empfindfame Reifen 3ter & 4ter
Theil. Hamburg, 1769, 8vo.
Q Zeittrs

( 122 J,
ZEil.fcER's (M.) itinerarium Galliae.
Zl-NZERLINGII (JuSTi) SUB NOMINE SlNCER*
itinerarium Galliae. Amfterdam, 1656^
i2mo.

FRANCONIA.
Androphili Befchreibung vieler Stadte in
Franken, Sachfen, und Schlefien.' Ham
burg & Breflau, 1735, 8vo.
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Gergken, vide Bavaria.
Gerckens Forft fetzung, videlio.
Tagebuch eines Plofmeifters vide Do«

F R I ' U L 1.
Brown's (Edw-) vide Austria,
Pogooke vide Archipelago.

GENEVA.
M*** Voyage de Geneve & de la Tourrainc*
A Orleans, 1779, i2mo.
Saussure vide Alps.
Sherlock (M.) vide Berlin.
GENOA

t *23 )

GENOA.
Baretti, vide England,
¦Heysl (HANs)Philip Ilten Konigsvon Spanien
Reife aus Spanien nach Genua, Italierrj
Deutfchland, &c. von 1549, bis 1551
Augfburg'i57i, 4to.

GERMANY.
A descriptive journey., vide France.
Apelblad (JoN,.)Sj:roda Anmerkingar famlar
under en Refa igenom Tyfka Ortqr. Stock
holm, 1778, 8vo.
Ashley's (jon) Briefe, aus dem Englifchen
uberfetzt.. Bern, 1782, 8vo.
Austel's (Henry) Voyage to Ragufa, and
thence to Conftantinople, Moldavia, Pa-
lonia, Silefia, and .Germany. In Hack-
luyt's principal navigations, vide Angle
sey.
Bardili (Joh. Wend) Reifen Maximilian
Emanuel's Printzen vo,n Wurtemberg
durch Deutfchland, Sec. Stutgard, 173P,
8vo. Do. Frankf. und Leipzig, 1739, 8v£.
Baumann's (P. C.) Benutzte Reife durch
Deutfchland und Welfchland, ike, »ebft
Q 2 einem

( 1^4 }
elnem Land-r-und Hauffwirthfchaftlichen
Kalender- Augfburg 1782, 8vo.
Beaujeu (de) Memoires contenant fes voyages
en Pologne, en Allemagne, & en Hongrie,
A Paris 1698, 12H10. A Amfterdam 1700,
i2mo.
Bemerkungen tiber einige Gegenden des Catho-
lifchen Deutfchlands. auf einer kleinen ge-
lehrten Reife gemacht. Nurnberg, 1777,
8vo.
Benjaminis Navarreni itinerarium,
vide Europe.
Bernoulli (T.) vide France.
The fume vide Belluno.
Bernoulli's Sammlunp i3ter und I4ter
Band; vide Austria.
Beyrlin (Jacob) Reife durch Deutfchland,
Pohlen, Spanien Sec. 1604, 4to»
Bjoernstaehl, vide Constantinople.
Birken vide France.
Blainville, vide Archipelago.
Bpetticher (Joh. Gottl.) Bemerkungen
auf einer Reife durch Deutfchland. Hall,
1778, 8vo.
Breval, vide A*-sace.
Brown, vide Austria.
Bruce (Peter Henry) Memoirs containing
an account of his travels in Germany,
Ruflia, Tartary, &c. London, 1772, gr*
8vp. Tie

( 1*5 )
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1784J
gr. .8vo.
Bkuikmann (Franc- Ern.) Epiftolae itinera*
riae. Wolfenbut. 1750, 1753, 4tO.
Burnet (Gilbert) vide France.
Burwey, vide Bohemia.
Casini ue Thury, vide1 Austria.
Chappuzeau, Allemagne' proteftante, ou f$
lation d'un voyage aux cours des Elefteursj
& des Princes proteftans de P Empire en
1.669, &c* ^ Geneve; 1671. 410.
Costa (Margherita) Storia del Viaggio d'
Allemagna del Gran [Duca di Tofcana,
. Ferdinand© II. In Venezia, 4to.
Coulon (L.) Fidele condufteur pour le voyage
jd' Allemagne. A Paris, 1654, 8vo.
D.*** Voyage hiftorique & politique de Suiffe,
d' Italie, & d' Allemagne. A Frankf.
1736. »>37> 1743. gr' iztno. Ill torn.
Db-nina, vide Brandenburgh.
Der neugierige Paffagier auf Reifen in Deutfch
land, und den Niederlandert. Frankf. &
Leipzig, 1767, 4to.
Ebert (Adam) vide England".
Eichofii (Cypr.) Deliciaarum Germaniae in
dex. Urfellis, 4to.
Elver 1 delieiae apodemicae, vide England*
Ferdinand Albrecht, vide Do, Fischers

( *a6k )
Frsc«:E-R's "hydrographie' voti Deutfchlapd,
in Fabri's Sammlung,ut£Je France.
Franks, oitfe'ELANBERs.
Gerbert, vide France.
Grim, vide England.
Hanway's (Jon) hiftprical, account of the
Britifh trade in the, Cafpiarr Sea, with a
j.ournal of his travels,frqn» London- through
Ruffia, into PerfLa^ axid- back again through.
Ruffia, Germany a#d Holland. Lpndon,
1753, 4to. II vok Do, Dublin, 175,4;. 8vo.
II vol. ;
Thefame tranfiated iOhto] German. Hamburg
& Leipzig, 1754, -gr-.r4t.0Y II Thai., Leip-
zi5i 1769? Sr- 4to- H Tk-
Hebere,r- von Bretten, vid& Denmark,
Hem pel, vide, France.
Henzner, vide En gland.
He r ve y 's ( C h r .) Letfers from Spain, Ital}' and
Germany, in the year 175.9, 17^1- Lon
don, 1785, &vo. Ill vol
H e-y s l j. vide Genoa.
Hollenberg's Bemerkungen iibeF verfchie-
dene Gegenftande, auf einer Reife dnrch
einige Deutfche Provintzen, vornehmlich
in Anfehung der Architeftur., Mecharu'c,
&c.,Stendal, 178s, 8vo.
Hopferi ( B e n e p .) ftrifturae ad iter Germani-
cuir^Dan Eremitae. Tub. 1688, lamo. Jor's

( "7 )
Jars voyages metailu-rci^ues Mate En*
- LAND.
Josten, vide France.
Judicium de Sinceri Gcrpaanici' itihSrarie pd-
litico, 1669, 12010.
Keyssler, vide Bohemia.
KlNDLEBEN, tlfafe-DB.ESD.EN.
•Kindhnger's (Venant) Munfteriche Bey
trage zur Gefchichte Deutfchlands, haupt-
fachlicb Weftphaleris. Munfter, 1787,
8vo.
Kuselii (Salomon) itinerarium Germaniae,
Italiae, Siciliae, vicinarumque infularum
' peregrinationes continens, Eirphcffd, 1617,
8vo.
L. (de) Voyage en Allemagrie et rn Pelogne
commence en 1776. A Arafter&ain, 1784,
i2mo.
Lapide (Sinceri Germ-, a) Mercurius Ger
manicus, feu itinerarium Germaniae p6-
liticum, modernam principuarum aula-
rum Imperii facjem lepraefehtans. Cof-
mopoli, i2mo.
Ledyard's (Thomas) German Spy, or fami
liar letters from a gentleman on his travels
through Lower Germany, &c. London,
i74o, gvo |
The fame tranfiated into Englifli. Lemgo, 3765,
ivo. Let-

f 128 )
Lettres curieufes de voyage, vide EnGLANP,
Lettres galantes & de voyage, vide, Flan*
ders.
Limberg vel Roden, vide England.
Litterarifche Reife durch Deutfchland. Leip,
zig, 1786, 8vo. I Band.
Luc (J. A. de) Lettres phyfiques & morales
addreflees a la Reine de la Grande Bre-
tagne fur l'hiftoire de la terre et des liom-
rnes. A la Haye, & a Paris, 1779. 8vo,
V torn.
The fame tranfiated into German by Gthler.
Leipzig, 1781, 1782, gr. 8vo. // Th.
Lynar's (G) Reifen durch Qber Deutfchland,
Weftphalen, &c. in Bernoulli's Sammlung,
vide Austria,
M. Reflexions on Dt Burnet's travels, vide
France.'
M. * * * * voyage de Geneve, vide Geneva,
M. (C. P. D.) relation, vide England.
.M, (T.) Reife der Pabfte, vide France.
.Mabillonii (Jo.) iter Germanieum, Ham
burg. 1717, 8vo.
Madrisio. vide France. '
Marshall, vide Denmark.
Martene & Durant, mV<:Franc?-.
Mayer, vide Courland.
Memoires & plans, vide Flanders.
Moncpnys, vide Constantinople,
Mont,

¦i 1B9 5
Mont, vide France.
Montagne (Miqh. de) Journal du voyage
en Italie, en Suiffe,, & en Allemagne,' avee
des notes par Monfr. de Querlon. A Pa
ris, 1774, gr. 4to. A Berlin, 1774, 8 vo.
II torn. A Rome, 1775, i2mo. 1IJ
vol.
Thefame translated into German. Hall, 1777,
8vo. II. Th.
Moore vide France.
Neue Reifebemerkungen, vide Berlin.
Nicolai . (Frid) Befchreibung einer Reife
durch Deutfchland, und die Schweitz im
Jahr 1781, nebft Bemerkungen uber die
Gelehrfamkeit, Induftrie, Religion, und
Sitten, Berlin, 1783, gr. 8vo. II. Th.
.1784, 3ter.,und 4ter, Th. 1785, 1786. gte.
6te. und 7te. 1787, 8te. Th.
Nugent's (Tho.) travels through Germany,
with a particular account of the Court of
Mecklenburg. London, 1768. 8vo. II
vol.
The fame tzanfla{cd into German, with remarks^
Berlin, 1781, 1782, ,57. 8vo. II Th.
Patin, vide Bohemia.
Payen, vide Brabant.
Finn's (Will.) account of travels in Holland
and Germany, in the year 1675. Lorfdon,
1695, Svo.
Pilati vidi Europe.
R ?o-

( »3© >
Fo-ccyeKE, vide Archipelago.
Potamograph ia, vide Ev rope.
Fuel's (Martin) Reifen und Seefafirten von
Steyer durch Deutfchland, Ungam, Ita
lien,. See. Nurnberg, 1661$, 4to.
Qvad-i (Math.) Delieiae Germaniae. Colon.
r6oa. 4to.
Ratgeeen und Schickhard, vide Den
mark..
Kavy, vide France.
Regnard vide Denmark.
Reifebefchryvinge door Vranfeyfc, vide Ewe-
L A N D .
Reifen und. Begebenheken,. vide England.
Remarques d'un voyageur fur la Hollande,
l'Allemagne, l'ltalie, l'Efpagne, le Portu
gal. A la Haye, 1728, 8vo. Do. i2mo.
Remarques hiftoriques, vide Austria.
Richard (P. F.) Briefe eines aufmerkfamen
Reifenden durch Deutfchland die Mufic
• fee*reffen>rl. Frankf. & Leipz. 1774, 1776,
i'2mo. II Th..
Riesbeck (Casp) Brieffe eines reifenden Fran-
zofen durch Deutfchland an feinen Bruder
in Paris, aus den Franzofifchen uberfetzt,
1.783, gr. 8vo. II Th..
RpVbr's (Lord) Briefe von und an denfelben
wihroud f eines zweyten Aufenthalts in
Deutfchland aus deffen original Papieren
uberfetzt. Leipzig, 1782, 8vo< ROr

( i3i )
Roden, aide England.
Rohan (Due de) vide Do.
Rosmital and Blatna, vide Do,
Saltzmann, vide France.
Sagittarii Ulysses Saxonicus vide Eng
land.
Sander vide France.
Schweigger vide Constantinople,
Scotti itinerarium vide France.
Seidel vide Constantinople.
Sherlock, vide Berlin,
Sihglabe vide Corsica,
Sommaire defcription vide France.
Sommer vide Archipelago.
Steven- Schaverell, vide France.
Sulzer, vide Europe.
Tafehenbueh fiir Reifende durch die vornehm
ften Stadte von Europa,befonders Deutfch
land nebft veifchiedenen andern Nach-
richten. Berlin, 1781, 8vo.
Titius Reife durch Deutfchland in Bernoul
li's Sammlung, vide Austria.
Ulrich (Joh. Heinr. Frid.) Bemerkungen)
eines Reifenden durch die Preufifchen
Staaten. Altenburg, 1779, 1781, 8vo.
ni Th.
Viatorium Germaniae, Galliae, & Italke.
Frankfurt, 1671, i2mo.
Vitai-e (Franc. Ant.) epiftola ad Ferdin,
R a Elepantitium

( J32 )
Elepantitium de fuo in Germaniam itinere.
Florent, 1780.
Voyage hiftoiiquede la Suiffe, d' Italie, & d'
Allemagne, Frankf. 1736, II torn.
Voyages faits en divers terns en Efpagne. Por
tugal, Allemagne, France, Sec. Amfter
dam, 1699, ^vo-
Weckherlin unter den Nahmen RabiOt
sus vide Austria.
Welschen vide Archipelago.
Wille brand (JoH.PET.)Nachrichten von ei
ner Carlfbader Brunnen Reife, von J. H.
K. Leipz. 1780, 8vo.
Zeiller's (MART.)Reifebuch durch Hoch und
' Nieder Deutfchland. Strafb'urg, 1765, fol.
 Reifege'fehrte durch Ober und
Nieder Deutfchland, Nurnberg, 1786J
i2mo.

GIBRALTAR.
Cart-er (Francis) Journey from Gibraltar to
Malaga, &c. London, 1777, 8vo. II vol.
The fame in German, Leipzig, 1779, 8vo. II
Theil.
James's (Thomas) Hiftory of the Herculean
ftraits. London, 1771, 4to.
Kurtze doch zuverlaffrge BefchTeiburig der Inr fcl

{ 133 )
fel Minorca, des Forts Sf Philip, und der
Feftung Gibraltar. Leipzig, 1782, 8vo.
Volckard's Reisen, vide Amsterdam.
Zufatze zu der Befchreibung der Feftung
Gibraltar. Leipzig, 1783, 8vo.

CLARIS,
Apsprung (Joh. Mich.) Reife durch einige
Cantone der Eidgenoffenfchaft,nemlich von
Ulm nach St. Gallen, Appenzell, Claris,
Ury, Schweitz, Zug, und Zurch. Leip
zig, 1734. 8vo.
Ppendler's (Heinr.) Grundliche Befchrei^
bung der hohen Berge, Fruchtbarkcit,
wilden Thieren, Natur, und andern Wun-
derdingen des Landes Glaris. Bafel, 1670,
12mo.

GLOUCESTERSHIRE.
Atkin's (Robert) The ancient and prefent
ftate of Gloucefterfhire, London, 1768,
fol. II vol.
Rudder's new hiftory of Gloucefterfhire,. coral-
prifing the topography, antiquities, cu
rioflties, trade and manufaftures. Glou-
cefter, 1778, fol,
GLOCK-

( 134 y
GLOCKNER Mountain in Tyrol,
Hacquet (B.) vide Carniola.
G O T H A.
Will, vide ALios.Tr.
Neue Reifebemerkungen, vide Berlin.
Tagebuch einer Reife von der Weftphalifchen
Grantze uber Arolfen, Caffel, Gotha, un d
Weimar nach Leipzig. Leipzig, 1786,
8vo.
GOTHLAND.
Hermannidae delieiae Sueciae We Finland.
Kalm (Pehr.) Waftgota och Bahuflandfka
refa. Stockholm, 1746, 8vo,
Linnaei (Carl.) Olanlka, och Gothlanfka re-
fa. Stockholm, 1745, 8vo.
Malgo's voyage, in Hackluyt's principal
navigations, vide Anglesey.
Owexionii (Mich) epitome vide Finland.
Praetorii (Matth.) Orbis Gothicus, feu hi
ftoria de originibus, fedibus, Unguis, regi-
mine, Regibus, moribus, & converiione ad

( 135 )
ad fidem omnium Gothici orbis populorum,
LibrilV. Olivae, 1688, fol.
Zeiller, vide Finland.

St. GOTTHARD (M 6 U N T.)
Pini (Hermenegild) mineralogifche Beobach-
tungen uber das Gebiirg des St. Gotthard ;
aus den Italienifchen uberfetzt von Beyer.
Schneeberg, 1784, 8vo.

GREECE.
Belons (du Manns) Pierre, Obfervatiors de
plufieuresfingularites,& chofes memorablcs
trouvees en Greece, Afie, Sec, A Paris,
1588, 4to. v
The fame in Latin. Antw.i[)8a.. 8vo.
Benjaminis Navarreni itinerarium vide
Europe.
BjOERNSTAEHL, vide CONSTANTINOPLE.
Castel vide Do.
Chandler's (Richard) travels into Greece.
Oxford Se London, 1776.
 tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1777,
gr. 8vo. *
 into Dutch. Utrecht, 1779, gr. 8vo.
Choiseul-GouffIer(Comte de) Voyage pit-
torefque

( 13& )
torefque de la Grece. A Paris, 1779, 17°°
1 1 cahiers.
The fame tranfiated into German , by Reichard.
Gotha, 1780, 1782, 8vo iter. 2tcr. Heft.
CONSTANTIN THE GREAT, EmPEROUR AND
King of Britain, Voyage to Greece in
Hackluyt's principal navigations, vide
Anglesey.
Dousae (Georg) vide Constantinople. .
Gillies (J.) Gefchichte von Alt Griechen-
land, und deffcn Pflanzftadten, uud Erober-
Ungen, aus den Englifchen. Leipzig,
1787, 8vo. iTh.
G u 1 l le t, Lettres ecrhes fur la differtation d'un
voyage de la Grece, publiees par Mr. Spon.
A Paris, 1679, i2mo.
Guys, Voyage litteraire dc la Grece. &c. A
Paris, 1771, gr. i2mo. II torn. Aug-
mente A Paris, 1776, gr. 8vo. II vol. Do.
1783, gr. 4to II torn.
The firft edition tranfiated into German. Leipzig,
1772, 8vo. II Th.
Guy's Briefe iiber die neuen Griechen — in den
kleinen Reifen, vide Cologne.
Journey through Italy, Greece, and Egypt,
from a French officer.
Lucas (Paul) Second voyage Pan 1704, 1708,
dans la Grece, &c. A Paris, 1710, i2mo.
II vol. A Amfterdam, 1714, 8vo. II
torn. The

( 137 )
the fame 'tranfiated into German, Hamburg,
1715, 8vo.
M. (C. D. S.) Nouveau voyage de la Grece*
vide Alsace.
Mirabel, Voyage d'ltalie, & de la Grece. A
Paris, 1698, 8vo.
Motraye, vide Crim.
Palerne, vide Archipelago.
Pausaniae Graeciae defcriptio, Graece Sz
Latine, cum Amafei verfione. Florent.
1551, fol. Hanov. 1613, fol. Lipfiae,
1696, fol.
The fame, tranfiated from the Greek into French,
by Gedoyn, with remarks. A Paris, 1781,
/\to. II torn. Do. A Amfterdam, 1733 8vo.
// torn, avec cartes,
Do. from the Greek into German,with obferva
tions by Goldhagen. Berlin & Leipzig, 1766,
8vo, II Th. & 1 Karte.
Perry, vide Constantinople.
Piacenza, vide Archipelago.
Pococke, vide Do.
Sandy's (Jorg) travels into Turkey, Sec. be
gun in the year 1610. London, 1632, fol.-
Do. 1658, fol.
Thefame tranfiated into Dutch. Amfterdam, 1654,
4to. t
Do. into German, . Frankf. 1669, tamp.
SPON Si WHEELERoifife DALMATIA.
S Srox

( »38 J
• $pon (Jacques) Reponfe a la critique pu4U
liee par Mr. Guillet, fur le voyage de la
Grece. A Lyon, 1679, i2mo.
Sprengel, vide England.
Struys (Jan Jansen) Gedenkwaerdige Rei
fen door Italie, Griekenland, Livland,
Mofcovien. Tartarye, Sec. Amfterdam,
1667, 4to.
The fame tranfiated into German, by MuUer. Am
fterdam, 1678, fol.
,Do. into French. Amfterdam, 1720, i2mo. Ill vol.
Sulivan (R. J.) vide Europe.,
.Voyage Hiftorique de la Grece. Amfterdam,
i733j 8vo. IV torn.
.Wheeler's Journey, vide Dalmatia.

GREENLAND.
Anderson (Joh) Efterretningen om Ifland,
Gronland, og ftrat Davis,' &c. Kiobenh.
1748, 8vo.
------ Nachricht von Ifland, Groenland, und
der Straffe Davis.- Frankf. & Leipz. 1747,
8vo.
The fame tranfiated into French. A Paris, 1754,
8vo. II torn.
 • Natural Hiftory of Iceland, &c. iffo
fol.
Beef-

( 189 )
Blefkenu (Dithmar) Iflanijia, Set. -cum
quibusdam de Groenlandia adjecEis. Lugd^
Bat. 1607, 4to.
The fame tranfiated into Dutch. Groeninghen,
1780, 8vo.
Blefkenius, viqje Finland.
Crantz (David) Hiftorie von Groenlands
Barby, 1765. 1770, 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into Englifh from the High
Dutch. London, 1767, 8vo.TI vol.
Dalager (Lars) Groenlandlke relationer.
Copenh. 1758, 4to.
Does (Joris van oer) verfchcyde vo-
•yagien, vide Constantinople,
Egede (Hans) det Gamle Groenlands nye
' perluftration. Ciopenh. 1720, 1741, 4to;
Thefame translated into-, German, Copenh. 1742, &
Berlin, 1763, 8vo.
Do. into Englifh. London, 1745, 8vo.
Do. into Dutch. Delft, 1746, 4tc»
Do. into French, A Copenh. &,a Geneve, 17639
8vo. .
Fabricius (Dan) De Iflandia & Gro-
enlandia. Roftoch, 1616, ivo.
H. (A. G.) Befchreibung des , Groenlan-
difchen Wallfifchfangs, und Urfachen
des Nordlichts, mit Anmerkungen her-i
*usgegeben von Tramplar. Leipzig 1781,

( MO )
1781', 8vo.
Hiftorifche Nachricht von den Drangfalen
des 1777 auf den Wallfifchfang nach
Groenland abgefahrnen verungluckten
Schiffes Wilhelmina. Bremen, 1779,
8vo. aus dem Hollandifchen uberfetzt.
Jonge, vide Ferro Islands.
Jonsoen (Jonae) Groenlandia, Kiob. 1732,
8vo.
Kerguelen, vide Ferro islands.
Marten's (Frid) Spitzbergifche und Groen-
landifche Reifebefchreibung von 1671.
Hamburg, 1-675, 4to>
Thefame translated into Englifh, London, 1694,
4*0.
- .  Viaggio all-a Spitzberga, e Greenlanda.
In Bologna, 1680, ismo.
Martiniere (pe ia) Nouveau voyage
des • pays ' Septentrionaux P annee 1653,
i2mo. Do. A Amfterdam, 1708,
i2mo.
The fame translated into German. Hamburg,
1675. 410. Gliickftad, 1675, 4^0. Do.-mit an-
nehmlichen Nordlichen Curiojitaten vermehrt von
Herring. Leipzig, 1703, 1711. Ditto, 1718,
8vo.
Mesange (Pierre de) La vie, les avantures,
& le voyage de Gronlande, avec une rela
tion de 1' origine, de 1' hiftoire, des moeurs,
&du

( i4i )
du paradis des habitans du pole arfti-
t
que. A Amfterdam, 1720, gr. i2mo. II torn.
Munk (Jan.) Befkrivelle af Seigland. og rcfa
til Nova Dania. Ciopenh. 1619..
Peyrere (Isaac de la) Relation de Gron
lande. A Paris, 1715, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into German, by Silvers
Hamburg, 1764, 4to.
Purchas (Sam.) Pilgrims, Sec. London, 1726,
' fol.
Sta-uning kort befkrivelfe over Gronland.
Viborg 1775, 8vo.
Thorlacius, Letter concerning the ancient
ftate of Iceland and Greenland, in Hack-
luy't's principal navigations vide Angi esey.
Torfaei (Thoren) Gronlandia antiqua Haf-
niae, 1706, 1708, 1715, 8vo.
Udlog af Breve fra de Kongeng, foe Officerer
der ere beordrede til af oplede gamle Gron
land. Kiob. 1786, 8vo.
Y. (S. voN)Neuefte Befchreibung des altenund
neuen Gronlands nebft einem Begriff der
Reifen die Forbiffer, Gotze, Lindemann,
Reichard, Sec. nach Norden gethan ; mit
Anfiihrung des Tagebuchs eines die
Durchfahrt zwifchen Groenland und Ame
rica fuchenden Danifchen nSchiffs. Ham- J
burg, 1674, Nurnberg, 1679, 4to.
Wolf (Jan. Laur.) Norriges, Iflands, og
Greenlands

( 143 )
Greerilands Befkrivelfe. Ciopenh. 1651,
4to.
Zorgdrager (Corn. Gisbert) Groenlanf-
che vifchery en de walvifchfangft. II edit.
Delft, 1646, 4to,
The fame tranfiated into German. Nurnberg,
1750, 4to.
Do. into Englifh. London, 17-25, under the-
title " View of the Greenland trade and
Whale fifhery, with the national and pri
vate advantages thereof.
GRISONS, Country of the.
Sprecheri (Frid.) Rhaetia, Lugd. Bat. 1633,
24010.
Tschudi (jEgid.) DefcriptioRhaetiaeAlpinae.
Bafil, 1538, 4to.

GUERNSEY.
Hiftoire detaillee des ifles de Jerfey, Se Guern-
fey, traduite par le Rouge. A Paris, 1757,
ismo,

HAGUE

{ *43 )
HAGUE.
Sherlock, vide Berlin.
HAMBURG.
Aubery de Maurier, vide De n mark.
Burnky, vide Bo h emia.
Neue Reilebemerkungen, v ide Berlin.
'VoLCKARD,mA Amsterdam.
HANOVER.
Neue Reifbemerkungen, wie Berlin.
Relation der Reife Konigs Georg des Iten von
Hanover nach London. Hamburg, 1714,
8vo.
HERTFORDSHIRE.
Sketch of a tour, vide Bedfordshire.
HARWICH.
Dale's natural hiftory of the Sea coaft an*
country about Harwich. London, 1730,
4to.
. Taylor's

( 1*4 )
Taylor's (Thom.) natural hiftory of the fea.
coaft and country about Harwich. London
1730, 4to.
HARZ.
Behren's (Georg FIenning) Hercynia cu-
riofa. Nordhaufen, 1703, 4to.
Bernoulli vide Austria.
Gatterer's (Ch. W.I.) Anleitung den Harz
und andere. Bergwerke mit Nutzen zube-
reifen. Gottingen, 1785, 1786, 8vo. II Th.
Gotze (T. A. E.) Kleine Harzreifen. Leipzig,
1785, 1786, 8vo.
Neue Reifebemerkungenj vide Berlin.
Rohr (Jul. Bern vox)Merkwurdigkeiten des
Vor — und Unter Harzes. Frankf. 1736,
8vo.
 Merkwiirdigkeiten des Ober-
harzes. Faankf. 1739, 8vo.
Schroeder (Christ. Frid.) Abhaudlung,
von Brocken, und den ubrigen Alpini-
fchen Gebiirgen des Harzes. iter Th. Def-
fau, 8vo,
Zimmermann's (Ebr, Aug. With) Beobach-
tungen auf einer Hartzreife, nebft einem
Verfuch die Hohe des Brockens durch
den Barometer zu beftimmen. Braunfch-
weig, 1775, 8vo.
Zuckert

{ 145 )
Zuckert's (Joh. Frid) Natur gefchichte und
Bergwerksverfaffung des Oberharzes. Ber
lin. 1762, 8vo. . '
.  Naturgefchichte einiger Provint-
zen des Unterharzes, nebft einem An.
hang von den Mansfeldifchen Kupfer*
fchiefern. Berlin, 1763, 8vo.
HEBRIDES.
Anderson's (James) Account of the pre
fent ftate of the Hebrides and Weftem
coafts of Scotland. London, 1786, 8 vo.
Boswell's (James) Journal of a tour to the
Hebrides with Johnfon. London, 1785,
8vo.
Translated into German. Lubeck, 1787, 8vo.
Johnson's (Sam.) Journey of the Weftem
Iflands of Scotland. London, 1775,
8vo.
The fame translated into German. Leipz.
1775, 8vo.
Mac Nicol's (D nald) Remarks on John-
fon's Journey, London, 1780, 8vo.
Martin's (M.) Late voyage to St. Kilda,
the remoteft of all the Hebrdes. Lon
don, 1698, 8vo.

¦ - - - - Defcription of the Weftem iflands
of Scotland.. London, 1704, 171-6, 8vo.
¦T Pennant's

( 146 }
Pennant's (Thom.) tour in Scotland, and
voyage to the Hebrides. London and
Chefter, 1774, 1776, 4to. II torn.
44- C. . .
The fame translated into German. Leipzig, 1 77g.
1780, 8vo. II Th.

HERMANSTADT. . a ....
Iahman's (Jos) Reife von Prefburg rach
Hcrmannftadt : in Siebenburgcn. Dunkelfpiel
und Leipzig, 1785. 8vo.

H E R R N H U T.
Briefe iiEer Herrrihiit, und andcre Orter der O-
berlaufnitz.j Winterthur, 1787, 8vo.
sfiv. HESSE.
Apelblad (Jones) Befcrifning ofwer Saxcn.
Stockholm, 1759, 8vo.
The fame translated into German. Berlin und
.3,, Leipzig, 1785, 8v.o,
Raspe (Rud. Erich! Beytrage zur alleral-
teften und natiirlichen Hiftorie von Hefl,
fer. Caffel, 1774, 8vo.  Ac-

{ »47 )
». ^ . . . _ Account- of the German volcano*
(in.Heffe) and their produftions. Lon*
don, 1776, 8vo. r.
Valewtini -(Mich. Bern.) prodromus hi*
ftoriae naturalis Hafliae. Giefs. 1707,
4to.
Wjnkelmann's (Joh. Abg.) gra-ndliche Be*
fchreibung der Fiirftenthiimer Heffen und
Hersfeld. Bremen, 1711, fol.
"Wolfarth (Pet.) naturalis hiftoriae Haffiaa
pars'! ma. Caffei, 1719, fol. & 25 Ch.
R-eife durch -das Heffifche Gebiet und angren*
zende Lander. Freyftadt, 178a, 8vo.
HOLLAND.
A trip to Holland. London, 17-86. tamo. II
vol.
Beaumarchais (A. de la Barre de) Le
. Holiandois, ou lettrfes fur la Hollande an-
cienne & moderae. A Frankf. 1738, gr.
8vo. II part.
Belli, vide France.
Berkley (Le Franch Van) Natuurlyke hi*
ftorie van Holland. Amfterdam, 1769,
1774,' gr. 8vo. Ill deelen, *
The fame tranfiated into German^ Leipz. 1779,
tjSst, II Bande.
Ta B*a*

( 14* )
Be RNOULt !,«£<& Austria.
„  i gter & i4ter Band, vidt VJ0t
 . Archiv, vide Belluno.
Befchreibung einer Reife,. vide England1,*
BjOERNSTAEHL, Vide CONSTANTINOPLE.
Blainvillej vide Archipelago.
Boccage, vide England.
Coyer (Abbe) Voyages d' Italie & de Hol
lande. A Paris, 1769, i2mo. II torn. St,
i775,8vo. II torn.
Tranfiated into German. Nurtihcrg, 1776, 8vo.
Defcription of Holland and the United Prof?
vinces. London, 1743, 8vo.
Bbert, vide England.
Febure (Baron de St. Ildephont Guii.
le) Itineraire5 -hiftorique, politique, geo-
, . graphique des VII prpvinces, unies ' des
Pais Bas^ A Ia Haye, 1782, lamo. II
v tom"
Grim, vide England.
Guinderoda, v,ide Do,
Hanwey, vide Germany.
Hegenitii (Gothof) Itinerarium Frifio-r^
Hollandicum. Lugd. Bat. 1767, i2mo.
Jordan, vide England.
Kleine Reifen, vide Ermenonville.
Le Guide .de Flandres & de Hollande, vide
Flanders.
t,e voyageur bienfaifant, ou anecdotes dii
voyage de Jofeph II. dans les Pais Bas^ la

( M9 )
la Hollande, Sec. A Liege, 1781, 8vo.
& a Paris, 1781.
Les delices de la Hollande. A la Haye, 1705,
1710.
Lettres HoUandoifes. A Amfterdam, 1747^
1750, 8vo. II torn.
Lettres galantes, vide England.
Lomenii, vide Austria.
M. (C. P. D.) vide Bohemia.
Marcilly (Guillot de) Relation nifto-
rique & fheologique d'un voyage en Hol
lande, Sec. A Paris, 1719.
Marshall, uz'afe Denmark.
Nieuwe geographifche^ Nederlandfche Reifs
en zee — atlas, mitfgaders eene beknoopts
algemeene geographie dezer provintzen.
t'Amfterdam, 1773, 8vo.
Oeder, vide England.
Patin, vide Bohemia.
Payen, vide Brabant.
Penn, vide Germany.
Pertelii (Frid.Wilh.) commentarii de re-
publica Batava, Lugd. Batav. 1782,
8vo.
a - - - — _ Tranfiated into German. Berlin,
1784, 8vo.
Pilati (Charles Ant. de) Lettres fur. la
Hollande ecrites, 1778, 1779. A la Haye,
1780, i2mo. II torn. Trans*

( 150 )
Tranfiated into German. Berlin and Stettin, 1782,
II Th. 8vo.
Poqle, vide France.
Rt. (de la) vide Flanders.
Regnard, vide Denmark.
Reife-Befchryvinge, vide England.
Relation du voyage de Sa Majefte Brittannique
Guillaume III en Hollande. A la Haye.
1692, fol.
Relation of the voyage and refidence which
King Charles II. made in Holland, 1660,
fol.
Remarques d'un voyageur fur la Hollande, vide
Germany.
Sander, vide France.
Savinien d'AiouiE (Fr.) Delices de la
Hollande. Amfterdam, 1669, lamo.
Scheid, vide England.
Spoert's (Joh. Conr. Chr.) vermifchte
Briefe, welche zum Theil Reife -befchrei-
bungen auch Nachrichten von Holland,
Surinam, Spanien, Algier, Sec. enthalten.
Langenfalza, 1786, 8vo. Iter. Th.
Sprengel vide England.
Steven vide France.
The tour of Holland, vide Brabant.
Uffenbach, vide England.
Viaggio di un uomo qualificato, vide
England. Vogel's

( 151 )
Vogel's (Joh. Wilh) Journal feiner Reife
nach Holland, und Oft-Indien. Leipz.
1690, 1696, i2mo.

HOLSTEIN.
Aubery de Maurier, vide Denmark.
Buchwai.d (Fr. von) Udtog af en Rei-
fende's Dag — Bog i Mecklenborg, Pom-
mem, og Holfteen. Kiob. 1784, 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Copenh. 1786,
8vo."
Hermannidae, vide Denmark.
Holk, vide Denmark.
Neue Reifbemerkungen, vide Berlin.
Zeiller, vide Denmark.
HUNGARY.
Beaujeu, vide German y.
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Born (Ignatz vqn) Briefe iiber mineralo-
g-fche Gegenftande auf einer Reife durch den
Temefwarcr Bannaf, Siebenbiirgen, Ober
und Nieder Ungarn. Frankf. & Leipzig, *
1774, 8VQ-
Brown, vide Austria.
Bruickmann, wWe Germany. Chrosmee'$

( 15* )
Chromer's (Martin) mitternachtlicher Vol*
ker Hiftorie. Bafil L562, fol.
Edelingii hodoeporicon vide Austria.
Edmund and Edward in Hackluyt's
PRINCIPAL. NAVIGATIONS, vide AN
GLESEY..
Ferber's (Joh. Iac) phyfikalifch— metallur-
gifche Abhandlungen iiber die Gebiirge und
Bergwerke in Ungarn. Nebft einer Be
fchreibung des Steirifchen Schmelzens, und
Stahlmachens. Berlin und Stettin, 3780,
8vo.
Happeli (Eberh. Guer) thefaurus exptico-
rum, nebft einer Befchreibung von Un*
gam. Hamburg, 1688, fol.
Josten, vide Austria.
Keyssler, vide Bohemia.
Laboureur, vide Germany.
Lettres galantes, vide England.
Lettres curieufes, videTio.
Pococke, vide Archipelago,
Possevini (Ant.) Mofcovia & alia opera,
PraetereaWerner de admirandis Hungariae
aquis. Colon. 1595, fol.
Puel, vide Germany.
Rath geb en und SchickharDjOT&Denmark.
Seidel, vide Constantinople.
Sommers, vide Archipelago.
Sulzer, vide Alsace.
TolliI epiftolae, vide Berlin.
Walsdorff's

I 153 )
Wallsdorff's (Chr. von) Reifebefchreibung
durch Ungarn, Thracien, &c;
Wilden, vide Constantinople,
Zeiller's (M.) Befchreibung des Konigreichs
Ungarn, vermchrt durch Beza. Leipzig,
1690, 8vo. ICY SEA,
Allgemeine Hiftorie der Reifen, vide Canary
IsIands.
Muller's (J. F.) voyages from Afia to Ame
rica, for compleating the difcoveries of
the North-weft of America, to which is
prefixed a fummary of the voyages of the
Ruffians on the frozen fea. London, 1761,
1764, 4to,
_:.  Voyages & decouvertes faites par
les Ruffes le long des cotes de lamerglaciale
& furl' odean, Sec. A Amfterdam, 1766,
8vo. II torn.

ICELAND.
Anderson, vide Greenland,
Avertiffement om Anderfon's traftat om Ifland,
Kiob. 1748, 8vo.
Blefkenu Iflandia, vide Greenland.
Blefkenius vide Finland.
U Does

( 154 )
Does (Jorys van der) vide Constanti
nople.
Eggerhard (Olav.) Eharrationes hiftoricae
de Iflandiae natura & conftitutione. Haf-
niae, 1 749, 8vo.
Ecgers (Chr. Ulr. Detlev) phyficalifche
und ftatiftifche Befchreibung von Ifland,
aus authentifchen Quellen, und nach den
neueften Nachrichten. Kopenh, 1786, I
Theil.
Fabricius, vide Greenland.
Hackluyt We Anglesey,
Horrebow (Nils) tilforladeliga efterretnin-
ge om Ifland. Kiopenh. 1750, 8vo,
Thefame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1683.
KERGUELENTREMAREC,OT<feFERRO-Is LANDS.
Letters from Iceland containing obfervations on
the civil, litteral, ecclefiaftical and natural
hiftory, antiquities, volcanos, bafaltes, hot
fprings, cuftoms, drefs and manners of the
inhabitants; made by Banks, Solander,
Lind, Troil, Sec. London. 1780. 8vo.
Martiniere, vide Greenland.
Mohr(N.) Forfog til en Iflandlk natur hiftorie
med adfkillige oeconomifke famt andere
anmerkingcr. Kiob. 1786, 8vo.
Olaffens og Povelsen's reife igienem
.Ifland, &c Serve, 1724, 4to. II deele.
 Reife durch Ifland veranft-ltet von

( 155 )
von der Konigl. Societat der Wiffenfchaf-
ten in Copenhagen, gethan von 1752 bis
1757. Copenh. und Leipz. 1774, 1775,
4to. II Theil.
Oiavius (E.) Oekonomifk reife igienem de
Nordweftlige, Nordlige, og Nordoftlige
kamter af Ifland. Kiobenh. 1783, 4to.
Tranfiated into German. Drefden & Leipzig,
i787> gr. 4to.
Peyrere (Isaac de) relation de P Iflande*
A Paris, 1663, 8vo. A Amfterdam, 1715,
Phiiofophifche Sehilderung der gegenwartigen
Verfaffung von Ifland, nebft Stephenfon's
Befchreibung- des Erdbrands im Jahr,
1783, Sec. Altona & Leipzig, 1786, 8vo.
Ramus 10 (Gio. Batt) raccolte di navigazir
oni, e viaggi. In Venez, 1613, fol. Ill
torn.
Strauch (.^Egidius) De Iflandia. Witteb,
1670, 4to.
Torkelson's (Jon., tilgift til Anderfon om
Ifland. Kiobenh. 1748, 8vo.
Thorlacii (Theod.) differtatio chorographi-
co-hiftorica de Iflandia, Viteb. 1661, 4to
Troil(Uno) Bref rorende en refa til Ifland?
1772. Upfal, 1777, 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Upfala & Lap?
ȣ> '779.
Zorgdrager. vide Greenland. U a IRELAND

( 156 )

IRELAND.
A tour through Ireland in Several entertain*
ing letters. London, 1 748, gr. 8vo.
A Philofpphical furvey of the South of Ire-:
land, in a feries of letters to John Wat-?
kinfon. London, 1777, 8vo.
Thefame iranfiaied into German. Brefiau, 1.779,
8vo.
B. (R.) admirable curioflties vide England.
Barton's (Rich) dialogue concerning points
of importance in Ireland.
Beeverell vide England,
Be rkenhout vide Do.
Boaxe's (Gerh) Ireland's natural hiftory,
London, 1652, 8vo. Dublin, 1753, 4to.
Ill part.
The fame tranfiated into French. A Paris. 1666,
1 2HKK
Bush's (John) Hihernia curiofa. London,
1764,. 8vo.
Cave (Thom) De origine, moribus, ritibufque
gentis Hibernicae. Sulzbach, 1666, 4to.
Hamilton, vide Antrim.
Hackluyt, vide Anglesey.
Hartlieb's (Sam.) Ireland's natural hiftory,
London, 1652, 8vo.
Hermannidae, vide England, Kutneer's

( 157 )
Kuettner's (Carl Gottfr) Briefe iiber
Irlind. Leipzig, 1785, 8vo.
Misson, vide England.
Petty's (Will) political furvey of Ireland,
London, 1719, 8vo.
Ru tty's (John) effay towards a natural hifto
ry of Ireland. Dublin, 1722, gr. 8vo.
II vol.
Sammlung der beften und neueften Reifebs.-
fchreibungen vide England.
Iovii defcriptio Brittanniae, vide- England.
Twiss (Rich) tour in Ireland, 1775. London,
1776, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1777,
8vo.
Volkmann's (Jo. Jac) neuefte Reifen
durch Schottland, und Irland, vorziig-
lich in Abflcht auf die Naturgefchicht,
Oeconomie, ManufacEuren, und Landfitze
der Groffen. Leipzig, 1784, gr. 8vo,
Young's (Arthur) toiir in Ireland. Lon
don, 1780, 8vo. II vol,
The fame tranfiated into German, Leipzig, 1780,
8vo. II Th.
Zeiller -vide England.

JSTRI A

f is* 1
I S T R I A.
ffAcguET, vide Car-niola.
PacocKE,raa!e Archipelago.
ITALY.
Addison's (Joseph) remarks on feveral parts
of Italy. London, 1 736, i2mo.
AtBERTr (Leand-ro) defcrizione di tutta P
> Italia-. In Bologna, 1550 4to. In Venez.
t^ o
1581, 4to.
Albon, vide Europe.
Ambrosii(Abbatis Camaldule Nsis)hodoe-
poricon, feu defcriptio- itineris juflu Eu--
¦ genii Papae per Italiamr 1431, fufcepti.
Flor, 1678, 4to. Luccae, 1681, 4to.
Archenholz, vide England.
Aubebert (Germain) Voyage d' Italie. A
y^- Paris, 1656^ 8vo.
Barbaro (Ant. Tomaso) Pellegrino da Na-
polr fino a Venezia. In Venezia, 1738,
i2mo.
Baretti (Jos) Account of the manners and
cuftoms of Italy. London, 1768, 1769,
8vo.v II vol.
The fame tranfiated into German. Brefiau,
1781, 8vo. II Th.
 ,.  Les Italiens. A Paris, 1774
i2mo, Barri

{ 159 )
Jarri (Giac) Viaggio pittore'fco d' Italia.
In Venezia, 1671, 121110.
Baumann, vide Germany.
Benjaminis Navarreni itinerarium, vide
Europe.
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
- * - .  Lettres fur differens lujets, vide
France.
 . . Zufatze zu -den .neueften Reifbe-
fchreibungen von Italien. Leipzig, 4777
1778, 178?., gr..8vo. Ill Bande.
BjOE ENSTAEHL, tit/e.C0NSTANTIN0TI,E.
Birken vide France.
Blainville, vide Archipexa-go.
Boccage, vide En-glakd.
Boyle, vide France.
Breval, vide Alsace.
Brome's (Jam.) travels through Portugal,
bpain, Italy, Sec. London, 1712, 8vo.
Brown, tide France.
Bulifon (Ant.) journal du voyage dTtafis
de Philippe V. A Naples, 1704, 8vo.
Burde (Sam. Gottl.) Erzahlung von einer
gefellfchafilichen Reife durch einen Theil
der Schweitz, und des Obem Italiens,
1779 und 1780. Breflau, 1785, 8vo.
Burnet, vide France.
Bur'ney, vide Bo1 he mi a.
Cei.lius. wie England. Cit.rii.es

( 160 J
CitRiles, Mcrkwiirdige Begebenheiten auf
feiner 12-jahrigen Reife durch Italien;
Frankf. & Leipzig, 1782, 4to.
Cochin voyage d' Italie. A Laufanne, 17735
8vo. Ill torn.
Corke andOrery (John Earl of) Letters
from Italy, in the years 1754, 1755i
London, 1773, ^vo.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1779$
8vo.
Coudray, vide France.
Coyer vide Holland,
Curiofe und voUftandige Reifebefchreibung von
gantz Italien. Freyburg, 1701, 4to.
D. * * * v6yage hiftorique. vide Germany.
Defcrizione iftorica, e critica dell' Italia, o
nuove memorie fullo ftato attuale del go-
verno, delle fcienze, delle arti, del com-
mercio, della popolazione, e della ftoria
naturale" Londra, 1781, III vol.
Delieiae Italiae. Lipfiae, 1599, i2mo. Fran-
cof. 1609, i2mo.
JDeferiptio Italiae brevis & accurata. Ultraj*
1650, i2mo.
Ebert, vide England.
Ens (Casp) Delieiae Italiae. Colon. 1609, 8vo.
Erpenius, vide France.
Fabris (Jo. Bapt de) Itinerarium philofophi-
cum. Venet. 1632, 4to. Ferber's

( i6l )
JVrber's (Joh. Jac) Briefe aus Welfc-hland
uber die naturliche Merkwurdigkeifen
diefes Larides. Prag, 1773, gr. 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into Englifh. London, 1776*
8vo.
Do. into French. A Strafiurg, 1776, gr. 8voi
Ferdinand (Albrecht) vide England.
Fermanel, voyage d'ltalie & du Levant. A
Rouen^ 1587, 8vo.
Bicoroni (Franc, de) Offervazioni fopra 1*
antichita di Roma. In Roma, 1709,
4to.
Gerbert, vide France.
Grasseri (Jo. Jac) itinerarium hiftorico-po«
litieum. Bafil, 1624, 8vo:
Grosley, Nouveaux memoires, ou obferva
tions fur P Italie, & fur les Italiens par
deux gentilfhommes Suedois. A Lon
dres, 1764, gr. i2mo. IV,tom.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1766,
/// Th. 8vo.
Dd into Englifh. London, 1769, II veil.
Guide pour le voyageur d'ltalie, avec la notice
de toutes les poftes & leurs prix. A Flo
rence, 1779, 8vo.
Hackluyt, vide Anglesey.
Hamilton's (Wilh.) neuere BeobachAmgen
uber die Vulcane Italiens, und am Rhein ;
tiebft merkwiirdigen Bemerkungen des
X Abts

( 162 f
1? Abts Giraud Soulavie ; aus dem Fran> '
zofifchen. Frankf. & Leipzig; 1784,
8vo.
Hartig, vide England. -
Hempel, vide France.
FL (Comte F. de) vide England.
Hen-zner, vide England.
Hermann, vide -Austria.
Hervey, vide Germany.
Hevsl, vide Genoa.
5I<5enn$ vide England. '¦-*- --'
Huguetan, Voyage d'ltalie, augmente- par
Spon. A Lyon, -1681 iSrrio.
Huyssen's (Henrtk van) . Teegeriwoordige'
/ toeftand van het Panfelike Hoff, '&c
Utrecht, 1696.
Jagemann's (Ch.Jos) Briefeaber' Italien.Wei-
mar, 1778, 1789, 8V0. // Bdnde. 1785.
Illter Band.
Journey through Italy, vide Greece.
Keyssler's, vide Bohemia.-
Klaute's (Joh, Bath) diarium Italicum.
Caffely 1722. fol.
Kleine- Reifen, vide Ermenonville.
Kuselii itinerarium, vide Germany,
L. (C. F. H.3 vide- England.
Lahat (J. B.) Voyage en Efpagne St en Italiw.
A Amftettlam, 1731, 8vo. VIII torn.
Thefakietjranflated into German. Frankf. & Leipz.
-1758, 1761, 8vo. VIIITh.
La-

LA-BoftDE(DE) Voyage pittorefque d'ltalie &
deSicile. A Paris, 1779, 1781, fol. torn
.HI.
Lamberg, vide Corsica.
Lande (de la) Voyages d'un Francois en Italie*
A Yverdun, 1769* 1770, lgino. VIII torn.
Lassel (Richard) Voyage d' Italie traduit
de P Anglois. A Paris, 1682, gr. i2mp. II
vol.
»  .. Translated into Germdn by Salbachl
Frankf j 1696, izmo.
Les delices d'ltalie contenant une defcription
dupai's, &c. A Paris, 1707, 4tom.
Le veritable guide des voyageurs en Italie 5
Francois & Italien. A Rome, 17754
i2mo.
Lettres eurieufes de; voyage vide England.
Limberg vel Roden, vide England.
Lomenii itinerarium, vide Austria.
M. refiefEions on Burnet, vide France.
M. Lettres ecrites de Suiffe, d' Italie, de Si-
cile, etde Malthe. A Paris, 1780, i2moj
VI vol.
M, (C. DjS.) vide Alsace.
M. (T) Reife der Pabfte, vide France.
Mabillonii & Germain, Mufeum Italicutiij
feu collecEio veterum feriptorum ex broli-
othecis Italicis eruta. Lut, Par. 1687, 1689,
4to. II torn.
Madrisio, vide France. X 2 Manuel

f 16* J
Manuel du voyageur en Italie. A Rome & i
Paris, 1785, i6mo. II part.
Manuel de 1' etranger, qui voyage en Italie,
A Paris, 1778, 121110.
Marcell, vide France.
Mathaei (Card. St. Angeli, Episcopi
Gurcencis,) Odoeporicon, i. e. itinera
rium in Italiam. Viennae, 1515, 4to.
Mathews, vide Archipelago,
Mayer, vide Bohemia.
Memoires & plans, vide Flanders.
Mencii (Balth) itinera VI a diverfis Saxo*
niae Ducibus & ElecEoribus, Alberto ani-
mofo, Ernefto, Ffidenco III, Henrico bis,
& Johanne Georgio I, in Italiam om
nia, tria in Paleftinam facEa, Witteb. 1612,
8vo.
Miller's (Mrs.) letters from Italy defcribing
,. the manners, cuftoms, antiquities, paint-.
ings of that country ; in the years 17703
1771. London, 1776, 8vo. Ill vol.
Mirabal, vide Greece. *
Misson (Maxim) Nouveau - voyage d' Italie-
faiten 1688. Ala Haye, 1691, i2mo. II
vol. A Utrecht, 1722, gr. 4to. IV torn.
T/ie-fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig,
1713, 8vo, IIITh.
' , Do**

( «65 )
. Do. into" Englifh: London, 1714, 8vo. II vol.
Do into Dutch. Utrecht, 1724, 4to. II deelen.
Molleri (Dan. Wilh) progreffus de praepa-
ratione itineris in Italiam. Aldorf, .1679,
4to.
Monco'nys, vide Constantinople.
'Montfaucon (Bern." de) di,arium Italicum,
fpu monumentorum veterum, bibliotheca-
rum, mufaeorum, &c. notitiae fingulares.
Pariliis, 1702, gr, 4to,
Thefame tranfiated. into Englifh, London, 1725,
fol.
Mont (du) vide France.
MONTAGNE, w'rfeGERMANY,
JMoore's (John) view of the fociety aqd man-
ners in Italy, Sec, London, 1780, 8vo.
II vol.
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig,
1781, 8vo.
The fame into French. /% Laufanne, 1784
121x10. II torn.
Motraye, vide . Crim.
Nemeitz (Jacob Chr.) Nachlefe befonderer
Nachrichten von Italien, als ein Supple
ment von Miffon, Burnet, & Ajddifpn,
Leipzig, 1726, 8vo. II Th.
JJeumayr von Ramsla (Joh. Wilh) Reife
«... durch

( M )
, durch Welfchlahd, und Hifpanien. Leip?
2ig, 1612, 4to.
Mo dot obfervations, qu' il a faites pendant
fon voyage d' Italie fur les monumens de
Pancienne, & de la nouvelle Rome. A
Amfterdam, 1706, i2mo. II torn.
Northal's travels through Italy. London,
1766, 8vo.
Obfervations furP Italie. A Paris, 1774, 8vo.
4 vols,
Orlandi (Cesare) Delle cittad' Italia, e fue
ifole adjacenti compendiofe notizie. In.
Perug. 1770, 4to. torn, I.
Pake nii (Jof) Hercules prod, feu Carolus
luliae, Cliviae, Montium Princeps, Italiam
profedtus, in Johanne Wilhelmo, Co-
mite Palatino nepote poft faeculum Italiam
itidem, 1674, 1676, proficifcente redi-?
vivus. CqI. Agrlp, 1695,, 4tq.
Paradifus deliciarum Italiae. Wurtzhurg, 1657,
i2mo.
Payen, vide Brabant.
Pflaumern (Joh. Hein. a) Mercurius Itali-
kS cus hofpiti fjdus. Aug. Vind. *&25, 1659,
8vo.
Pichii (Steph. Vinandi) Hercules prod»
feu principis juventutis Caroli Friderici,
\i Principis Juliaci, Cliviae, &c. 1575,
Romae mortui vita & peregrinatio in
Jtaliam

( ««J )
Italiam. Aritw. 1587, 8vo. Argent, 1 609,8 voj
IPilati, vide Europe.
Platiere (Rolanp de la) Lettres ecrites de
Suiffe, d* italie, de Sicile, & de Malthe en
1776, 1778. A Amfterd. Se Paris, 1782,
gr. i2mo. VI torn.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Hamburg,
1785, 8vo. 27 Th.
Pococke, vide Archipelago^
Tisei., vide Germany.
R. (de la) vide Flander$.
Rabelais (F.) Lettres pendant fon voyage d'
.Italie. A-Brujcelles,. 1710, 8vo.
Rathgebejj et Schickhard^ vide Den-?
MARK?
Ray, vide France^
Raymund's (John) itinerary through Italy in
the years 1646, 1647. London, 1748, i2mof
Reifbefchry.vinge, vide England.
Reifen und Begebeijheiten,M^e England.
¦iReifen eines Officiers durch die Schweitz, un4
Italien, Hanover, 1786, 8vo.
Remarques d'un voyageur, vide Germany.
Remarques hiftoriques, vide Austria.
Riccobaldi (Romualbo) Apologia del dir
ario Italico del padre Montfaucon contra
Je offervazioni di Ficcoroni. In Venez.
1719, 4-tp.
Richard

( 168 )
Richard -(Abbe) Defcription liiftoric[ue &
critique d'ltalie, &e, A Paris, 1769, &VOV
__ 6 torn. ) ,
The fame tranfiated into Italian. In Firenze,
1782,') 8vo. VI torn.
Richardson's account of fome ofthe ftatues
bas reliefs, drawings, and pi£tures in Italy.
London, 1722, 8vo.
Riesch (Isaac Wolf Baron de) Obferva?
tions faites pendant un voyage en Italie.
A Drefde, 1781, 8yo! II torn,
Roden, vide England.
Rogissart (de' Se H***) Delices del' Italie.
A Leide,' 1 706, i2mo. Ill torn. Do. 1726,
i2mo. Vl'tom.
The fame tranfiated into German. Berlin, 1706,
8vo. Ill Th.
Rohan,, vide England.
Rosmital andBLATNA, vide Go.
R u t 1 n 1 itinerarium, vide F r a n c e .
S.( . ) vide Do.
S. (J. Ci) Ausfithrliche Reifebefchreibung durch
Italien. .-Frankf, 1673, 12mo-
Sammhing der beften und neueften Reifeba»
fchreibungen, vide Cyprus.
¦Saltzmann's Brieftafche, vide France.
Sander, vide Do.
.Sandys, vide Greece.
Schikards von Hernberg, (Heinr) Be-
W fchre.ibiing einer Reife Flerzogs Frid. von
Wurtembere

( i69 )
' Wuftenherg durch Italien. Tubingen,
. * 1603, 4to.
Schotti •itinerarium, vide France.
Scoto (Andr.) nuova defcrizione di viaggi
principal! d' Italia. In Venez, 1615, i2mo«
III part. In Roma, 1737, 8yo. Ill vol"
Seine (Fr. de) nouveau voyage d' Italie. A
Lyon, 1699, i2mo.
Sharp's letters from Italy defcribing the cuftoms
and manners of that Country in 1765.
London, 1768, 8vo.
Sherlock, vide Berlin.
S. vide France.
Smollet, wA Do.
Sommaire defcription vide Do,
Spon, vide Dalmatia.
Sterne, vide France.
Steven, vide Do.
Struys, vide Greece.
Sulzer, vide Europe.
Symeon (Gabriel) illuftres obfervations anti,
ques en fon voyage d' Italie P an 1557.
A Lyon 1558, 410.
Temple, vide France.
Thompson, vide Do.
Tolli \Jacob) Infignia itinerarii Italici, qui-
bus continentur antiquitates faerae. Tr&->
je£ti adRhenum, 1696, 410.
Torres (Ant. de.) Saggio di rifleffioni fulle
arti ed il commercio Europeo di noftri
Y tempi,

C 170 )
tempi, e delli antichi per illuftrare ateunl
paffl dell' iftoria filofofica e politica. In
Pefaro, 1781, 1782, 410. II torn.
Veryard, vide France.
Viaggio d' un uonro qualificato, vide England
•Villamont (de) Voyages en Italie & en Pa-
leftine. A Paris, 1614. 8vo.
Volkmann's (Jop. Jac.) hiftorifchcritifche
Nachrichten von Italien, welche eine ge-
naue Reifebefchreibung diefes Landes, der
Sitten und Gebraiichen, der R.egierungs
form, Handlung,und Oeconomie, des Zu^
ftandes der Wiffenfchaften, und infonder-
heit der Werke der Kunft enthalten-
Leipzig, 177,8, gr. 8vo. Ill Th.
Voyage hiftorique. vide Germany.
Voyage hiftorique d' Italie contenant des re-
cherches exa£Ees fur le gouvernement, les
mqeurs, les fetes, les fpectacles, & les fin-
gularites des villes. A la Haye, 1729, i2mo.
¦ II vol.
....  Voyage du Prince de Conde en Ita-
^^ lie en 1621. A Paris, 1666, i2mo.
We l s c h e n , vide Archipelago.
Wright, vide France.
Yorik, vide Do.
.Zachariae (Fr. Ant.) excurfus litterarii per
Italiam ab anno 1742 — 1752. Venet. 1754,410.
Iter litterarium ab anno 1753 — 1757. Venet*
1762. 3to.
Zeiller

( 171 )
Zeiller (M.) itinerarium Italiae. Franco?.
1640, fol.

JUTLAND.
HENNiNG'sOeconomifche und ftatiftifehe Be-
r
trachtungen einer in Jahr 1 779 unternom-
menen Reife durch Jutland. Koperih.
und Leipzig, 1786, 8vo.

KENT.
Hasted's (Edw.) hiftory and topographical
furvey of the county of Kent. Canterh.
1778, fol.
Lombard's perambulation of Kent. London,
1596, 4to.
KERRY.
Smith's natural & civil hiftory of the county
of Kerry. Dublin, 1756. 8vo.

KIEL. «
Bernoulli's Sammlung in lOteh Band vide
Austria.- * - -
Ya KILDA

( 172 )
K I L D A, St. '
Martin, vide Hebrides.
KILIANOVA.
-Kleemann vide Archipelago.
KUPFERBERGHEN.
Huelpher (Ab r) Dagbok ofwer en Refa ige-
nom de under Stora Kopperbergs' hofdinge
dome lydande Lahn och Dalerne Wafteras
1762, ftor. 8vo. med Landchart
LANCASHIRE.
Leigh, vide Cheshire.
LANGUEDOC.
Astruc(Jean) memoires pour P hiftoire na
turelle du Languedoc. A Paris 1 740, gr.
> 4to. Ill torn.
Bernoulli im iaten Band, vide Austria.
Eaujas de St. Fond, Recherches fur les Vol
cans fcteints du Vivarais, & du Velai en
Languedoc

< 173 )
Languedoc, avec un difcours furies Vol-
cans brulans. A Grenoble & a Paris,
i779» gr- fo1-
Genssane (de) hiftoire naturelle de Langue
doc. A Montpellier, 1776, 8vo. II torn.
Giraud Soulavie, vide Auvergne.
Kleine Reifen, vide Ermenonville.
Lande (de la) Des canaux de navigation, &
fgecialement du canal de Languedoc. A
Paris, 1778, fol.
LAPLAND.
Anderson, vide Greenland.
Blefkeniu-s, vide Finland.
Bibliothek der neueften Reifebefchreibungen
in Aufzugen. Frankf. und Leipzig, 1780 ,
1782, 8vo. V Bande.
Boemi (Jo.) mores, leges, & ritus omnium
gentium, 1604, 8vo.
Hogstroem (Peter) Belkrifning ofwer de til
Swenfka Krona lylande Lapmarkene.
Stockholm, 1747, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into Danifn. Kiobenh.
1748,
-Do. in German, in Fabris Sammlung, vide
France. }
Kalm (P.) Deoeeonomia & moribus incolarum
Lapponiae Kimienfis. Aboae, 1754, 4to.
'¦ '- Keilg-

( 174 )
Klingstedt (de) Memoires fur les Samoiedes
& les Lappons. A Koniglberg, 1762,
8vo. A Kopenh. 1766, 8vo.
Leem (Knud) Belkrivelfe ofwer, Finmarkens
Lapper. Kiobenh. 1767, 410.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Leipzig. i^T,
4to.
Marshall, vide Denmark,
Martiniere, vide Greenland.
Motraye, vide Crim.
Negri (Franc) Lapponia. In Venezia, 1 705,
8vo.
Oern's_ (Nic.) Befchreibung Laplands. Bre
men, 1707, i2mo.
Outhier, journal d'un voyage au Nord de
Meffrs. de Maupertuis, Camus, & Clairaut,
en 1736 Se 173-7. A Amfterdam, 1745,
12D1D.
Regnard, vide Denmark.
Rudbeck, vide Aland.
Schefferi (Joh.) Lapponia. Francof. 1678,
4to.
Schiller, vide Bothnia.
Willoughby's (Hugh) voyage to Lapland,
in Hackluyt's navs. vide Anglesey.

LA-

( 175 )
L A V I S.
Schinz, vide Bellentz.
LAUSANNE.
R. (Comte Gregoire de) vide Champaign-.
Sherlock, vide Berlin. "A
LEICESTER.
Burton's (Will.) defcription of Leicefter-
fhire. London 1622, 1777, fol.
Sketch of a tour into Derbyfhire, vide Bed-
iOlDSHlltE.
L E M B E R G.
Boscowicii (Jos.) journal d' un voyage de
Conftantinople en Polpgne, en 1762. A
Laufanne 1722, ismo.
 tranfiated into German, and increafed Leip
zig i7795 8t">-
LEIPZIG.
Briefe eia-.s Sachfen-aus der Schweitz an feinen
Freund

( i76 )
Freund. In Leipzig 1785, 1786, Svo.
3Th.
Burckhardt (Joh. Gottl.) Bemerkungen
auf einer Reife von Leipzig iiber Frank
furt, Maintz und Oftend b-is London.
Leipzig, 1783, 8vo,
Reife im Sommer, vide Berlin.
L E Y D E N.
Adler, vide Amsterdam.
Goris (Germ) Delices de la campagne a 1'
entour de la ville de Leyde. A Leyde 1712,
8vo.
LIEGE.
Les' delices du pa'is de Liege. A Liege, 1738,
fol. II. torn.
LIPPARI ISLANDS.
Doi.omieu (deodat de) Voyage aux ifles de
Lippari fait en 1781, ou. notice fur les ifles
Aeoliennes, pour fervir a P hiftoire des
Volcans fuivi d'un memoire fur une efpece
de Volcan d' air, & un autre fur la tem
perature du climate de Malthe. A Paris,
1783, 8vo. The

r m 1
Thefame tranfiated into Germa'n, by Lichtenberf,
Leipzig, 1783,
Houel (Jean) Voyage pittorefque des ifles dei
Sicile, de Malthe & de Lippari. A Paris
1782;, 1783, 1784; fol. XIV. livraifons.
LISBON;
Fielding's (Henry) Journal of a voyage to
Lifbon; Londonj 1755, 8vo.
 . tranfiated into German, with an account of
the life of the author. Altona, 1764. 8vo.
i.  i . . i Do. Into French. A Laufannt
i783-
Kuehnj vide Canary Islands.

LITHUANIA*
Bardili, vide Germany.
Guagnino (Alex.) Sarmatiae Europaeae de
fcriptio, five Polonia, Lithuania^ Ruffia,'
Pruflia, Pommerania, & Livonia. Cra-
coviae, 1578, fol,
Herberstein (Sigismund de) Commentarius
de rebus Mofcoviticis. Bafil. 1556,1571,
fol. Antwerp. 1557, 8vo. *
The fame tranfiated into German. Bafil, 1563, and
Frankf. 1579, fol.
Ditto into Italian. In Venez. 1558, 4(0.
Z Michal-

'( *7* )
MichAlonis, de moribus Tartarorum, Lf-
thuanorum, & Mofcorum. Bafileac 1615,
4to.
Rzaczynsky (P. Gabr.) Hiftorir naturalis Po-
loniae, St Magni Ducatus Lithuaniae, Sec.
Sendomir, 1721, 4to. Cum aucEuario Go-
dani, 1736, 4to.
Zeiller (M») Befchreibung des Konigreichs
Pohlen,unddesGrofhertzogthumsLithauen.Ulm, 1647, 1652, 8vo.
Ditto, 1657, 8vo.

LITHUANIA (PRUSSIAN).
Le p n e r (Th e o d o r) Preuffifcher Li thauer,oder
Vorftellung der Gebraiiche, Sprache, Sec.
Sec, der Lithauer, im Jahr, 1690. Dantzig,
1744, 8vo.
LIVINERTHAL.
Schintz, vide Bellentz.
LIVONIA.
Brand, vide Brandenburg.
Bour rough's (Will.) voyage to the Narvein
Livonia, in Hackluyt, vide Anglesey.
Burja, vide Courland.
Carlisle (Comte de) vide Denmark. De

( 179 7-
Defcription de la Livonie, avec le voyage dd
l'auteur de la Livonie en Hollande, Pan,
1698. A Utrecht, 1705, 8vo.
Fischer (Jac Benj.) Verfuch einer Natur-
gefchichtevon Lifland. Leipz, 1778, gr. 8vo*
Fischer, vide Courland.
Guagnino, vide Lithuania.
Mayer, wie Courland.
Olearius (Adam) Perfianifche Reyfe door
Lyfland, Mofcovien, & Tartaryen. l'Ami.
fterdam, Utrecht, & Groningen, 1651'
4to.
Struys, vide Greece,
Zeiller, vide Finland,
LOMBARD Y,
Brown, vide Austria.
Pini (Ermenegildo) dell' elevazione de' prin-
cipali monti, e di diverfe altre parti della
Lombardia Auftriaca. In Milano. 1781,.
* 410.
LONDON.
Brazey, vide England.
BURCKHARDT, vide LEIPZIG, |
Fabri, vide Dalmatia.
Fabricius (Joh. Chr.) Briefe von 1782,-
aus London, Deffau und Leipzig, 1784.
8vo. Grosley

f i8p )
Grosley Londres: Ouvrage d'un Francois.
A Laufanne, 1768, 1770, 121110. Ill torn-
Augmente de notes d' un Anglois. A?
Neuchatel, 1771, i2mo. Ill torn.
The fame tranfiated from the French, by Nugent,
London, 1772, 8vo. Ill vol.
Pennant's (Til.) Journey from Chefter to
London. London, 1782, 410.
Sulivan, vide Edinburgh.
Voltaire; Lettres de Londres fur les An
glois. A Amfterd. 1735. A Oxford,
1771, 8vo.
V. (H. M. D.) memoires, vide England.

LORETTO.
Heidegger, vide Compostella.
L O R R A I N.
Befchreibung von Lothringen und Savoien,
Nurnberg, 1736, i2mo.
Breval, vide Alsace.
Durival (L'aine) Defcription de la Lor-:
raine & du Barrpis. A Nancy, 1778,
1779, gr. 4to. III. torn.
Keyssler, vide Bohemia.
Lynar (Gra*) Reife in Lothringen in Ber
noulli's Sammlung, vide Austria.
R. {Comte)

( iSi )
R. (Comte Gregoire de) vide Ghampaicw.

LUBECK. ?
Aubery de Maurier, Memoires, vide Den
mark.
Brederode (Reynh.de) Journal der legatie
naer Mofcovien gedaen 1615 en 4616.
Gravenhaag 1619, 4to.

LUCERN (LAKE OF)
Cysatus (Jo. Leopold) Befchreibung des
Lucerner Sees. Lucern 1661, 4to.

L U S A T I A.
Bernoulli's Reife in die Laufnitz im i3tea.
& 14 Bandgen feiner Sammlung.
Briefe iiber Herrnhut, vide Herrnhut.
Carosi (Joh. Phil.) Beytrage zur Natur-
gefchichte der Ober Laufnitz. Leip. 1779. ¦
4;Eske (Nath. Gottfr.) Reife durch Sach-
fen, Oberlaufnitz in Ruckficht der Natur-
gefchichte und Oeconomie unternommen
in 1782. Leipzig, 1785, gr. 410.
Lynar (Gr. v.) in Bernoulli's Sammlung, vide
Austria. Reife

( l82 ) ,
Reife von Wienn iiber Prag, vide Berlin.
LUXEMBURG H.
R. (Comte Gregoire ok) vide Champaign.
LYONNOIS.
Pulac, vide Beaujolois.
MACEDONIA.
Brown, vide Austria.
Lucas, vide Greece.
MADEIRA.
Alcaforado (Franc) Relation hiftorique de
la decouverte de P ifle de Madere, tra-
duite du Portugais. A Paris, 1671, i2mo.-
The fame translated into Englifh. London, 1675,
4*a-.
Allgemeine Hiftorie der Reifen im 2ten Band,
vide Canary Islands.
Constantini (Emanuel) infulae Maderae
hiftoria. Romae, 1599.
Land 1 (Guil) Defcrizione dell' ifola di Ma
dera, 1574.
Macham, voyage to the Ifland of Madeira, in
Hackluyt's collecEion, vide Anglesey- Ovington's

( 1% )
Ovingxon's (John) voyage to Surat in the
year 1689, Sec. with a defcription of the
Ifland of Madeira and St. Helena, Lon
don, 1698, Svo.
Tranfiated into French, A Paris, 1753, gr. nmo,
77 torn.
Sloane's (Sir Hans) Voyage to the iflandjj
Madeira, &c.
MADRID,
Hackluyt's 3ter Band, vide Anglesey.
Lopez (Thom) defcription de la provincia do
Madrid. Madrid, 1763, 8vo.
Relation de Madrid, ou remarques fur le*
moeurs dc fes babitans. A Cologne. 166^
121x10.
MAGDEBURG H.
Neue Reifebemerkurjrgen, vide Be run.
MAJORCA..
Campbell, vide Forme ntera, k
MALAGA.
Carter, vide Gibraltar. M A L*

( 1*4 )"

MALTA.
Abela'(Giov. Franc.) Defcrizione di Malta,
, In Malta 1647, fol.
Bosch (Comte de) Lettres fur la Sicile &
l'ifle de Malthe, ecrites en 1777. A Tu
rin, 1782, 8vo. II torn.
The fame trahflatid into German. Bern, 1783.
8vo. II Th.
Brown,' w'A Fi'ance.
Brydone's(P.) Tour through Sicily and Malta;
London, 1773, gr. 8vo. II. vol.
Tranfiated into German. Leipzig. ijy-j,8wo. II Th?
Do. into French. A Paris, 1781, i2mo. II
vol.
Dapper, vide Canary Islands.
Dolomieu, vide Lipparj Islands.
Dryd'en's (John) voyage to Sicily and Malta,
when he accompanied, Mr. Cecil in that
expedition in 1700—1701. London, 1776,
8vo.
Ferdinand Albrecht, vide England.
Houel, vide Lippari Islands. -
M. Letters vide Italy.
Megisseri (Hier) propugnaculum Europac,
Lips. 1610, 8vo.
Mont (du) vide France,
Min-

( x85 )
Niederstedt (Burch) Malta vetus & novai
Helmft, 1666, fo.
Platiere, vide Italy.
Quintini (Jo.) infulae Melitae defcriptio.
Lugd. 1536, 410.
Reife nach der infel Maltha nebft C. Cordinera
Alterthumern, und mahlerifchen Befchrei
bung von Nord-Schottland. . Hamburg,
1783, 8vo.
Veryard, vide France.

MAN (ISLE OF)
Hackluyt, vide Anglesey.
Rolt's hiftory of the ifle of Man from the
earlieft account tq the prefent time. Lon*
don, 1773, 8vo.

MANTUA.
Visi (G. B.) notizie ftoriche della citta e dello
ftate di Marjtpva, 1781, 1784, 410. II
torn.

MARBURG. »
Briefe eines Reifenden, vide Cass el.
A a MAR

( i8t- J

MARLY.
Saugrain, vide St. Cloud.
t
MAURA (ST.)
Dapper, vide Cefalonia.
MECKLENBU RiG.
Aufzug aus dem Tagebuch eiries Ruffen auf
r feiner Reife von Braunfchweig iiber Meck
lenburg, Pommern, und Preuffen nach
Riga, 1783, 8vo. ¦ *
Bernoulli's 6tcr. Band, vide Austria.
Buchwald, vide Holstein.
Nugent, i/Ms'Ge-rmAny-.
MEDITERRANEAN SEA,
Ens (Casp) Delieiae tianfmarinae, i. e. in-
fignium aliquot maris Mediterranei infula-
rum, porttium, ac maritimorum oppido-
rum defcriptio. Colon, 1610, 8vo.
Marsigli (Luigi Ferd. Conte) Breve rif-

c i87 :)
riftretto del faggio fifico intorno alia fto
ria del mare Mediterraneo, In Venez.
1711, 4E0. ". ] " '¦
Scylacis periplus maris Mediterranei, vide
As'ow. ---.«¦-»
• M E N T E, ^ '
Bernoulli's Sammlung i3ter Band, vide Aus**
tria.
Burkhart, vide Leipzig,
Neue Reifebemerkungen, vide Berlin. .
&%.
M I D D L E'-S EX.
.Norden vj.de England.

MILAN. -. . . 1 . .
Adled, vide Amsterdam.
'Bosh (Jo. And.) Hifpaniae, Ducatus Medio-
lanenfis, & Regni Neapolitani notitia*
Helmft. 1702, 4to.
Paves 1 (A^ng ex) Storia della citta e ftato di
Milano. In Milano. 1783, 8vo.
Aa 2 MI NDEN

( i8S >
M I N D E N.
Neue Reifebemerkungen, We Berlin.
MINORCA.
Cleghorn's (Georg.). Obfervations on the epi
demical difeafes in Minorca, to which is
prefixed a fhort account of the climate,
producEions, inhabitants, and epidemical
diftempers of that Ifland. London, 1751,
vo.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Gotha. 1776,
8vo.
Lettres eoncernantes la defcription d' un voy
age fait de Minorque a Rome en 1' an 1777
A Frankf. & Leipzig, 1779, 8vo.
Lindemann's Belchreibung der Infel Minor
ca, in Forster's und Speengel's Bey-
-tragen zur Volcker und Landerkunde.
Leipzig, 1786, 8vo. Vter und Vlter Theil.
M OL DAVIA.
»
AvR.it, vide Europe.
Eoscowich, vide Lemberg. Broni-

( i!j ]
Broniovii defcriptio Tartariae. Colon, 1595,
fol.
Carra, hifto'ire de la Moldavie & de la Va--
lachie^ avec une diflertation fur 1' etat a£tu^l
de ces provinces. A Paris. 1778, ,8vo. 1
Th.
Hackluyt's 2„d vol. vide Anglesey.
Kant emir (Demetrius) hiftorifche, geogra-
phifche, und politifche Befchreibung der
Moldau, nebft dem Leben des Verfaffers.
Frankf, & Leipz. 1778, gr. 8vo.
Possevinii (Ant) Mofcovia & alia opera.
Colon, 1595. fol.
Sulzer (Fr. Jos) Gefchiclit des Tranfalpini-
fchen Daciens,d. i. der Wallachey,M-ekiaiSi,
und Beffar-abiens. Wienn 1781, 17&2, gr.
8vo.

MONMOUTHSHIRE.
Wyndham's tour through Morrmoufchfhire and
Wales. London, 1781,410.

M O R A VIA.
Bernoulli, vide Austria. MOREA

{ '9° )

MOREA.
Bellin, defcription geographique du Golfe de
Venife & de la Moree pour la navigation.
A Paris, 1771, 4to. avec XLIX cartes &
plans.
Befchreibung des Konigreichs Ungarn, und
Morea. Frankfurt & Leipzig, 1688,
12D10.
Coronelli (Vinc) Memorie hiftoriografiche
dei regni della Morea, Negroponte, e Iuo-
ghi adjacenti. In Venezia, 1685, 1688,
8vo. II torn.
Thefame tranfiated into French. A Paris, 1686
8vo. Do. A Amfterdam, 1686, 12110.
Do. into Englifh. . London, 1787, 8vo.
Dapper, vide Archipelago.
Groeben (Otto Fr. von der) Orientalifche
Reifebefchreibung, Sec. Marienwerder,
1694, 4to.
Neuvermehrte Befchreibung der Halbinfel Mo
rea. Nurnberg, 1637, 8vo. Ill Th.
Piacenza, vide Archipelago.
P. (D. a P.) Defcrizione, delle provincie,
che formano la tanto decantata peninfula
della Morea. In Venezia, 1636, i2m0.
Thefame translated into Gentian. Nurnberg, 1687*
i2mo" MU-

( i9i )
MUNICH.
fciANCONi, vide Bavaria.
Back's (Dom) Briefe eines Reifenden von
Saltzburg durch Munchen und Nurnberg
nach Sachfen uber verfchiedene Gegen-
ftande der Naturlehre und Mathernatick.
Salzburg, 178 1, 8vo.
NAPLES:
Barbaro, vide Italy.
Bacco (Enrico) Regno di Napoli divifo in 12
provincie. In Napoli, 1618, 8vo.
Bosn (Jo. Ant) vide Milan.
Bulifon, vide Italy. 1
Caracciolo (Cesare Eug) Defcrizione del
regno di Napoli. In Napoli, 1671,410.
Fabricii (Georg) itinera, Romanum, Neapo-
litanum, Sec. Bafil, 1587, 8vo.
Houel, vide Lippari Isands.
Megisseri (Hieron) delieiae Neapolitanae.
Lips. 1605. 1610, 8vo.
Parrino (Ant.) Nuovo guida per Napoli. In
Napoli, L725, i2mo.
Riedesel (von) Reife durch Sicilieniund
Grofs Griechenland. Zurch, 1771, 8vo.
- .  - - - - Voyage .en Sicile, & dans la
Grande Grece, traduit de P Allemand,
accompagns

(- 192 )
aceompagne de notes du traducEeur, Mr. le
Comte de Zinzendorf, Se du voyage au
mont Etna de Monf. de Hamilton. A
Laufanne, 1773, 8vo.
 travels through Sicily, &c. tranf
iated by Forfter. London, 1774, 8vo.
Schotti itinerarium vide France.
ShERL«CK, uiifi-BERLIN,
Sin glade, vide Corsica.
Swinburn's (Henry) travels into the twoSI-
cilies, 1777, 1780. London, 1783,' 4to.
vol. I.
Tur-leri (Hieronimi) De peregrinatione, Se.
agro Neapolitano lib. II. Argent, 1574*
i2mo. No-rimb, 1581, 8vo.
Volckard, vide Amsterdam.
Voyage pittorefque, ou defcription des Roy-
aumes de Naples Si de Sicile. A Paris,
1781, 1783, fol. X chapitres, ou III torn,
avec 1 00 figures.
NASSAU.
Ferber's (Jah. Jac.) Nachrichten von den
merkwiirdigften mineralifchen Gegender*
der Hertzoglich Zweybruckifchen, Chur-
pfalzifchen, Rheingraflichen, und Naffau.
ifchen Lariden. Mietau, 1776, gr. 8vo,
Habel's (Chr. Frid) Beytrage zur Naturge- fchichte

(' 193 )
Jfchichte, und Oeconomie der Naffauifchch-Lah>
dem. Deffau, 1784, 8vo.

NEGROPONTi
Coronelli, vide Morea.
Dapper, vide Archipelago;
NETHERLANDS.
A new traveller's companion through thft
Netherlands. At the Hague, 1754, Svo.
A journey through the Auftrian Netherlands,
in the year 1724J with an account of all
the remarkable battles aud fleges, &c;
London, 1732, 8vo.
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Birken, vide Prance.
Bone (Aug. Frid) Hiftorifche, politifche und
geographifehe Befehreiburig der famtlichen
vereihigteh Niederlahden. Erf. & Leipz.
1696," i2moi
Boussingault (Adam) Guide univerfel de
tous les Pays Bas. A Paris, 1677, i2mo.
BoxhorniI (Zuerii) epiftola ad Gabrielem
Ox enftirhhim de peregrinatione ejus. Ba-
tavica. Lugd. 1639, 4to.
Briefe eines reifenden 'Franzofen uber den ge-
geiiwartigen Zuftand der Oefterreichifchen
Bb Niedeilanden

( i-94- y
Niedeilanden : Mit einigen Anmerkungen,
Verbefferungen, und Zufatzen von Win-
kopp. Leipzig, 1785, 8vo. Ill Th.
Breval, vide Alsace.
Brown, vide Austria.
Burney, vide Bohemia.
Busch, vide England.
Calvete de Estrella, vide Brabant.
Cellius, vide England.
Coriat,- curfory remarks, and critical obfer
vations made upon a journey through
part of the Netherlands. London 1766s,
i2mo. II vol.
Crome (A. F. W.) Statiftifeh geographifche
Befchreibung der famtlichen Ofterreichi-
fchen Niederlanden. Deffau und Leip
zig, 1785, 8vo-
El ver 1 delieiae, vide England.
Erndel, vide England,
Febure, vide Holland.
Geographifche und hiftorifche Befchreibung
der Niederlanden, aus dem Franzofifchen
von Junckern. Frankfurt 1698, 8vo.
Goellnizii Ulyffes Belgico-Gallicus, vide
France.
Grammaye (J. B.) peregrinatio Eelgica. Ccr-»
loniae, 1623, 8vo.
Hempel, vide France,
Heysj.

( i95 )
He'ysl, vide Genoa.
Le voyageur dans les Pais Bas Autrichiens, ou
lettres fur P etat acEuel de ce pais. A
Amfterdam, 1782, 1784, i2mo. VI torn,
Les delices des Pais Bas. A Liege 1689, 8vo.
V torn.
M. (C. D. S.) vide Alsace.
Marcell, vide France.
Martene & Durant, vide France.
Monconys, vide Constantinople.
Neumayr von Ramsla, vide England.1 j
Orte li 1 itinerarium vide France.
R. (de la) vide Flanders.
Ray, vide France.
Reifbotek door de Vereenigte Nederlandfche
Provintzen & derfelver a'angrenzendei
Landfchappen & Koningryken. Amfterd.
1700, 8vo.
Remarques hiftoriques, vide Austria*
Rohan, vide England.
Rosmital, vide Do.
Sagittarii Ulyffes, vide Do. '..
Sander, vide France.
Schockii (Mart) Belgium Foederatum.
Amftel'. 1652, i2mo.
Temple (Will) Obfervations on the United.-'
Provinces of the Netherlands, ifcndon
1673, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated ipta. . German, Nurnburg,

1676, 12W0.

Th*

f 19S )
Ditto into French. A. La Haye, 1692$
i2iwo.
The tour of Holland, vide Brabant.
Vbryard, vide France.
Volkmann's (J. B.) neuefte Reifen durch die
fieben Vereinigte Provintzen der Nieder
landen, vorzuglich in Abficht der Kunft-
Sammlungen, Natur Gefchichte,Oeconomie,
und ManufadEuren. Leipzig, 1783, gr,
8vo.
Welschen, vide Archipelago.

NEUFCHATEL.; $
Bernoulli's (Joh) Sammlung kurtzer Reife-
befchreibungen iter iiberzahliger> Band.
Befchreibung des Furftenthums Welfch-
neuburg und Vallengin. Berlin, 1783^ .
8vo.
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Bertrand (Jean Elie) Defcription des mon-
tagnes & des Vallees, qui font un partie
de la principaute de Neufchatel, et Vallen
gin, 1764, 8vo.
Osterwald (Fred) II edition de la defcrip-
. tion precedente. A Neufchatel, 1766^
8vo,

C »97 }
N I C A R I A.
Georgierenes(Joseph)ot^c ATHOsMouN-?f
NORFOLK.
Blome field's (Franc) Effai towards atopoi
graphical hiftory of the county of Norfolk.
London, 1777, fol. V vol.
NORMANDY.
Ducare (D.) Anglo Norman antiquities con
fidered in a tour through part of Normandy.,
London, 1767, 8vo.
Sprengel, vide England*

NORTHERN COUNTRIES.
Adelung's (Joh. Christ) Gefchichte de?
SchifffahrtenundVerfuehe zur Entdeckung
des Nordoftlichen Weges nach Japan und.
China. Halle 1768, gr. 410.
Allgemeine Hiftorie der Reifen, vide Canary-.
Islands.
Barrington's Probability of reaching the
North Pole, London,' 1775, 4to.
Brown's

( i9» f-
Brown's(Robert) ausfiihrliche Befchreibung
der See Reife des Ritters Franc. Drake, Sec.
... *
Leipzig, 1728, 8vOv
Bjlberg's voyage ofthe late King of Sweden*.
and another of the mathematicians into
the Northern parts. London, 1698, 8vo.
Capel (R^ttDotPH) N'orden, oder 2u Wafer
und Landezuwege gebrachte Erfahrung
* und Vorftellung von Norden. Nebft An—
? hang von dem Anfang und Fortgarg der
Schifffahrt bis auf diefe Zeit; aus dcm
Hollandifchen. Hamburg 1678, 4to.
CollecEion de differens morceaux fur P hiftoire
naturelle & civile des pays du Nord, tra-
duite de 1' Allemand, du Suedois, & du-
Latin, avec des notes de Keralio. A Paris,
1763, i2mo.
Eerfte Schipvaert der Hollanders naer Oftin-.
dien door de ftraet vanWaigats by Norden,
Norwegen, & Mofcovien. Amfterdam,
1648, 460.
Ellis (Will.) authentic narrative of Cook's
Voyage in the years 1776, 1780. London"
1782, 8vo. II vol.
The fame tranfiated into German. Frankf. 1783,
gr. 8vo.
Engel (Sam) memoires fur Ia navigation dans
Ia mer du Nord depuis le 63 degre de la
titude, en allant vers le pole. A Berne
1779, 4to.
Hak.*

r 199 ):
HvVRLuyt, vide Anglesye. / •>
Forster (Joh. Reinh.) Gefchichte der Ent-
deckungen, und Schifffahrt in Nordcn.'
Frankf. an'der Oder, 1784, 8vo.
Hulsii (Levin) Sammlung von 26 Schifffahr-
ten der Plollander und Zeelander nach Oft
und Weft Indien, wie .auch nach Nordcn.
Heraufgegeben zu Nurnberg Frankfurt',*
Oppepheim, und Hanau, 1599, 1^5°5 4ta-
Linschotten (Jan, Huygens van) voya--
gie, of -de fhipvaert van Norden omlangs.
Norwegen, de Noordcap, Lapland, Vin-
land, Ruffland, de Wit-te Zee, Sec. 1594,
1595. Francker, 1601, fol.
M. (F.) Neuentdecktes Norden, oder Reifebe
fchreibung in die mitternaclitigen und.
Nordwarts gelegenen Lander. Frankf. und
Leipzig 1727, 8vo. Nurnberg, 1728, 8vc
Magni (Olai) hiftoria de gentibus feptcm-
. trionalibus, earumque diverfls moribus,
fuperftitionibus, difciplinis, -rebus memo-
rabilibus. Romae 1555. fol. Bafil, 1567,
fol. Lugd, Bat. 1645. i2mo; Amfterd.
1669, 12010.
Thefame translated into Italian. In Venezia, 1565,
fol.
Do. into German. Bafil, 1567, fol. %
Martiniere, vide Greenland.
Me'giss e r 1 (Hie RON)Septemtrio novantiquusy -oder

( 20O )
oder die neue Nordwelt. Leipzig 1613^
Ditto. 1653, i2mo.
Muller (Joh. Bernh) Lebenund Gewohn-
heiten der Oftiaken unter dem polo ArcEi-
co ; nebft einigen Anmerkungen von K6-
nigreich Siberien, und dem freto Naffo-
vico. Berlin, 1726, 8vo.
Nouveau recueil des voyages au Nord de P Eu-
ropei A Paris 1 785,- 8vO. II torn.
Outhier vide Lapland.
Page (de) voyage du tour du mohde, Se vers
les deux poles, par terre & par mer pen
dant 1767 — 1776. A Paris, 1782, 8vo;
II torn. A Laufanne & Bertie, 1783, 8vo.
II voL A Hambourg 1 783, 8vo. II vol.
Pallas (Petr. Sim) Neue Nordifche Bey
trage.
Phipps's (Cons. John) Voyage towards the
North Pole, in 1773. London, 1774, 4to.
Thefame tranfiated into German, with additions^
Bern, 1774, 4to.
Pickersgill's (Rich) account of voyages for
the difcovery of a Northweft paffage. Lon
don, 1782, 8v6;
JJ.6slin"s (Heinrich) mitternachtige Sch.iff-
fahrt von den Herren Staaten in den Nie
derlanden vergeblich vorgehommen Op-
penheim, 1611, 8vo.
Sperlingii (Otto) Boreas ejufque laudes^
. Hafniae, 1696, 8V0.
(V. S. von)

V. (S. von) We Greenland.
Veer (Gerrit de) Waeragtige befchryvinge
van Will Barents drie feevoyagipn &c.
Amfterdam, 1605, 4to.
Volckard, vide Amsterdam.
Walther's (Frid, Lud) neuefte Erdkuride,
welche Afien, Africa, Europa, America,
die Sud Lander, die Polar Lander, Sec.
enthalt, Nurnberg & Altdorf, 1785, 8v0i
William's, vide Denmark.
NORTHAMPTONSHIRE.
Morton's (Thom) natural hiftory and antiqui
ties of Northamptonfhire. London^
1712, fol,
. Sketch of a tour; vide Bedford shire,
NORTH SEA*
Hackluyt vide Anglesey.
Kerguelen, vide Ferro-Islands.
Phipps, vide Northern Countries.
NORTHUMBERLAND.
Wallis, vide Durham. C c NOR-

( ¥* )

NORWAY.
Ada'M, vide Denmark.
Bern hard, vide Do.
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Causson (Peb) Norriges Befcrivelfe. Kiobenh.
1632, 4to.
Dass (Ped.) Befcrivelfe over Nordlands Amt^
Sec. Kiobenh. 1763, 8vo.
Echolt (Mich. Petr.) Geologia Norwegiae.
Chriftianiae, 1657, 4to.
Fabricius (Joh. Christ) Reife nach Norwe-
gen mit Bemerkungen aus der Natur-hi-
1 ftorfe und Oeconomie. Hamburg, i779,8vo.
Gilleboel (Rijero) naturlig og oeconomifk
befkrivelfe over Holands Sec. ftift i Norge.
Kiop. 1771, 8vo.
Jars, vide England.
Jessen (Erich Jens) De Kongerige Norge
fremftillet efter dets naturlich og borges-
lig tilftand. Kiebenh. 1763, 410.
Jonge., vide Ferro Islands.
Iftoria naturale vide Denmark,
Kalm, vide England.
Kerguelen, vide Ferro Islands.
Malgo, in Hakluyt, vide Anglesey.
Martiniere, uu^Greenland.
Pontoppidan (Erich) Forfte forfog paa Nor-
ges naturlige hiftorie. Kiebenh. 1752,
4to. Rami

( 2.P3 )
Rami, Norriges befcrivelfe, Kiobenh. 1735,
4to.
Ramusio(Giov. Batt) Raccolte delle naviga-
zioni, &c. In Venezia, 1613, fol. Ill torn.
Reife vegvifer for Norge. Kiob, 1780. 8vo.
Scheei, vide Denmark.
Schytte, vide Do.
Tre navigazipni fatte dagli Olandefi e Zelandefi
al Settentripne della Norvegia, Mofcovia,
e Tartaria. In Venezia, 1599, 4to,
Veer, vide Northern Countries.
Wolf, vide Greenland,
£.eil.ler. vide Denmark, ¦
NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
AHgemeiHe hiftprie, vide Canary Islands.
Sketch of a Jour, 'vide Bediordshire.
Thornton antiquities pf Nptringhamfhire,
« London, 1677, fol,
NOVA ZEMBLA.
Allgerneine Hiftprie der Reifen, vide Canary
Islands,
Martiniere, vide Greenland.
Sammlung mehrerer merkwardigen Ge&hichten
zur angenehmen und nfitzlichen Lefkure,
Brandenburg, 1783, 8vq,
Cf z Sph$*

( 404 )
Schemer jNGti (Dan) Nova Zembla, fiv^
defcriptio contra&a naviagtionum trium
admirandarum a Belgis per mare Hyper-
boreum in Chinam & Indiam Orientalem,
iter affe£Eantibus, annis fupra fefqui mille
94) 95, Se 96, irrito conatu tentatarum.
Fliffingae, 1631, 4to.
!ZoRGDRAGER, vide GREENLAND-.
O L A N D.
Linnaeus, vide Gothland.
QRENBURG.
Rytschkowa (Pet.) tppographia Orenfburg-
fkaja, &c. St. Peterfb. 1762, 8vo. II
tpm.
The fame translated into German. Riga, 177 zt
8vo.II Th.
ORKNEY ISLANDS.
Jo vi 1 (Paul) defcriptio Brittanniae, Scotiae,
Hiberniae, & Orcadum. Bafil, 1546.
Kerguelen, vide Ferro Islands.
Malo, in Hakluyts, vide Anglesey.
Martin's (M.) defcription of the weftem
Iflands of Scotland, &c. and of Orkney ^4

( 205 )
and Shetland. London, 1704, 1716,
8vo.
Wallace's (James) account of the iflands of
Orkney, 'Sec; Edinburgh, 1693, London,
1700.
OXFORDSHIRE,
Riot's natural hiftory of Oxfordfhire, Ox*
ford, 1677, 1705, fol.
PADUA.
Fabricii itinera, vide Naples. 1
PALATINATE,
Cassini de Thury, vide Austria.
Ferber, vide Nassau.
Gefammelte Anzeige, vide Bavaria.
Kurtze Vorftellung der Induftrie in den
Hauptftadten der Pfalz ruckfichtlich auP
Manufafturen, Gewerbfchaft und Hand-
lung. Frankenthal, 1775, 8vo.
PARIS.
Almanach du voyageur a Paris- & dans lej
lieux

_ lieux les plus remarquables du royaumc.
A Paris, 1780, i2mo.
Andrews's (John) Letters to a young Gen^
tleman on his fetting out for France, Sec,
London, 1784, 8vo.
Antonini (Abbe) Memorial de Paris, & de
fes environs. A Paris, 1742, i2mo.
ARGENviii.E(a) Veyage piitQrefque de Paris.
AParis, 1779, i2mo.
Becue de Prele (Achill Guil) Manuel
du naturalifte de Paris , &c A Paris, i 766
8vo.
Beobachtungen- aufeiBCT Reife, vide Fi am
bers.
Bernoulli, vide. Austria.
Denis (L.)" Itineraire portative. A Paris,
1777, ismo, III vol.
J). (M.)' voyage phtorefque des environs de
Paris, ou defcription dc? maifons. Royales,
Sec. A Paris, 1762, lama.
Lister's (Mart*^) journey to Paris in .the
year 1698. London, 1699, 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into German, mkk McinieFs
remarks. Schwabach, 1753, 8vo.
Luftiges Urtheil iiber Paris und die Fran-
zofen von einem Sicilianer. Leipzig,
3732, 8vo. Do. 1746, 8vo,
Thefame tranfiated into Englifli. London, 1749,
8vc.
Mxrcjer, Tableau de Paris, A Amfterdam, 1783,

. [ 20? j
i7^3, 1783, 8vo. VIII torn.
"The fame translated into German. Bnjlau, 1783J
1784, 8vo. IV Bande.
Pilati, vide Europe.
Saucrain, vide St. Clouds
Sherlock, vide Berlin.
The tour of Holland, vide Brabant.
P A S S A U,
Schrank, vide Austria.
Tagebuch eines Hofmeifters, vide Bavahia*
P A T M O S.'
Dapper, vide Akchipelago.
Georgierenes, vide Athos Mount.
PELOPONESUS,
Piacenza, vide Archipelaco.-
PETERSBURG.
Bell's (Dr. John) Reifen von PeterFbutg rU
verfchiedene Gegenden Aflens, Sec.
•  Travels into Ruffia, II vol. 8vo. and
II vol,4to.
De-

£ 208 )
J3eschisaux (Pierre) Defcription d'un
voyage fait a St. Peterfburg, en 1727. A
Paris, 1728, 8vo.
Kleine Reifen, vide Cologne.
Wraxall, vide Copenhagen^
PIEDMONT.
A brief account of the Vaudois, His Sardl-s
nian Majefty's proteftant fuhje£Es in the
vallies of Piedmont, London, 1753,
. 8vo.
Viaggio d' un uomo qualificato, vide Eng
land. '
PILATE (MOUNT OF)
Tourette (de la) Voyage au mont Pilate
dans la province du Lyonnois, contenant
des obfervations fur P hiftoire naturelle de
cette montagne. A Avignon, 1770, 8vo*

P I S T O J A.
Matani (Ant.) relazione iftorica e filofofisa
delle produzioni naturali del territorio Pif-
tojefe. In Piftoja, 1762, 4to. In Vene-
aia> 1779> 4'o.
PO-

{ 209 )

POLAND.
Aubery, vide Denmark.
Austel,_ in Hakluyt, vide An glese yj
Bardili, vide Germany,
Beaujeu, videDo.
Bernoulli, vide Austria;
.Bernoulli, vide Belluno.
Beyrlin, vide Germany.
Boscowich, vide Bulgaria;
Carosi (Joh. Phil, von) Reife -durch ver-
fchiedene Polnifche Provintzen \ mineralp-
gifchen und andern Inhalts. Leipz. *f 8ij
1784. II Th. 8vo.
Chromer, vide Hungary.
Coxe, vide Denmark;
Elveri (Hieron) vide England:
Guagnino, vide Lithuania,
Hakluyt, We Anglesey.
Haute ville; Relation hiftorique de la Po-
logne. A Paris, 1687, i2mo.
Heberer von Bretten, vide Denmark.
Herberstein. vide Lithuania.
Josten, lliflfe.AuSTRIA.
journal van het gefandfchap] op deri yrede-
handel tufchen Pohlen & Sweden, 1627^
l632' : . ,- '
L. (de) vide Germany.
Dd Lo-

( BIO* )
Lomenii Itinerarium, vide Austria.
Marshall, vide Denmark.
Motraye,(A. de ia) Travels in feveral
countries of Pruffia, Ruffia, and Poland.
London Se Dublin, 1732, fol.
OgeJ^i e'phemerides, vide Denmark.
Payen, vide Brabant.
Regnard, vide Denmark;
Rzaczynsky, vide Lithuania.
Viaggi 1 d' un- uomo qualificato, vide E n fi
x/A nd;
Vigenere (Blaise de) Defcription du roy-
atlme de Pologne. A Paris, 1573, 4toj
"Williams, m'ADekmark.
Zp/Illersj vide Lithuania.

POMERANIA.
Apelblad, vide Brandenburgh.
Auszug aus dem Tagebuch, vide Mecklej?-
burgh.
Bernoulli^ vide CoUrland.
Bruiggeman's (L. W.) ausfiiKrliche Be
fchreibung, uhd gegenwartiger Zuftand vdn
Vor und Hinter Pommern. Stettin, 1779,
1784» gr. 4to. II Th.
Buchwaidj vide Holstein.
Guagninoj vide Lithuania.
Zeiller, vide German y.
POPE

( 211 )

POPE'S DOMINIONS. \
Maire Sc Boscowich, Voyage aftrona-
mique \Se geographique dans P etat de J.'
* Eglife, pour mefurer deux degres du me-
ridien, & corriger la carte del' Etat Eccle^t
fiaftique. A Paris, 1770, 4to.
The fame in Bernoulli's archiv, vide Bel-
luno. PORTUGAL.

B/ARetti, vide England.
Brockwell (C.) natural and political hiftory
of Portugal. London, 1726, 8vo.
Brome, vide Italy.
Burge (Will van der) nieuwe hiftorifche
geographifche, reifbefchryving van Spa
nien, en Portugal. Gravenhaag, 1705^
4to. II deele.
Colmenar (Juan Alvarez de) Dplices d'
Efpagne & de Portugal. A Leide, I7p7»
^715, 12D10. VI torn.
D d. a £ou&

( 21a )
t. ------ Spus le titre: Annales d!Efpagne?
Sec. Amfterdam, 1741, 4to. IV torn, Do.
8vo. VIII torn.
Crome, vide Eurppe.
Dalrympde's (Will) Travels through Spaii}
andPortugal, in 1774. London, 1777, 4to.
The fame translated into German, with re-
marks. Leipz. 1778, 8vo.
Der Schauplatz von Spanien und Portugal.
AmfEerd. 1704, 12010.
Drake in Hackluyt, vide Anglesey.
Etat prefect 'du royaume de Portugal en 1 766.
A Laufarine, 1775, 12B10.
Faria (Severin) Noticiasde Portugal. Lif-
boa, 1740, fol.
Fielding, vide Llsbon.
* -
Goes (Damiani de) Legatio Magni Indo-
rum Imperatpris, Prefbyteri Ioannis ad
Emannuelem, Lufitaniae Regem, 1513.
Dordraci, 1618, i2mo.
Herve'y, vide Germany.
Hpn.tan, vide Denmark!
Laet (Jo.) Hifpania, &c. Lugd, Bat. 1629,
i6mo.
Letters on Portugal, on the prefent and former
ftate of that Kingdom. London, 1777,
8vo.
< The fame tranfiated into French. A Paris,
.»78o. Do.

( 2'3 )
Do. into German, wiih remarks, by Sprengtl.
Leipz. 1782, 8vo.
M. voyage, vide France. '
Monconys, vide Constantinople.
Merckwiirdigkeiten von Portugal. Frankf.
und Leipz. 1777, IV Stuck.
Nunez (Edwa,rdo) Defcripcao dp Reyno de
Portugal. Lifboa, 1610, 4to.
Remarques d' un voyageur, vide Germany. - *
Resendii (And) delieiae Lufitanico-Hifpani-
cae. Colon, . Agripp, 1613, 8vo.
Roden vel Limberg, w'<a!e England.
S. ( ) voyage, vide France.
Sinceri (Eman.) Befchreibung von Spanien
und Portugal. Naumb. 1700, i2mo.
Sprengel, ot'4 England,
Twiss (Rich.) travels through Portugal and
Spain. London, 1775, 4to*
The fame tranfiated into German, with remarks^
by Ebeling. Leipzig, 1776, 8vo.
Do. into French. A Berne, 1776, 8vo.
Udal ap Rhys's ( ) account of the
moft remarkable places and curioflties in
Spain and Portugal. London, 1740, 1760,
8vo.
Val (Pierre du) Defcription & P alphabet
d' Efpagne, & de Portugal, &c. 1666,
i2mo.
Voyages faits, vide Germany}
Win--

( »14 )
IWT'rNGriELD in. Hakluyt, to& AncleSet.
Zeilleri (Mart.) itinerarium Hifpaniae Se
Lufitaniae. Amfterd. 1656, i2mo.
The fame tranfiated into German. Amfterd,
1650, I2m9.
POTSDAM.
Neue Reifebemerkungen, vide Berlin.
¦Reife im Sommer, vide Do.
Reife von Wienn, vide Po.
PRAGUE,
Reife von Wienn, vide Berlin.1
PRESBURG.
Triedel's (Joh) Briefe aus Wienn. Leipzig,
1783, 8vo.
Lahman vide Herm-anstadt.
PROVENCEj
Ber enger voyage en Provence, A Marfeille
& Orleans, 1783, i2mo.
 Soirees provencales. A Paris, 1786,
i2mo. Ill torn.
BpRLAc ( ) Hiftoire naturelle dela Pro-
vencq

< 2i5 )
vence. A Avignon & Marseille, 1783,
8vo. II torn.
Giraud Soulavie, vide Auvergne.
Grasseri itinerarium, vide ItXlVj
'Kleine Reifen, w'& Ermenonville. »
Monconys vide Constantinople.
Papon (Jean Pierre) Voyage litteraire de la
Provence. A Paris, 1780, gr. i2mo.
The fame tranfiated into German, with remarki,
Leipzig, 1783, 8vo.
Relation d'un voyage fait en Provence, A P*-
r ris, 1683, i2mo.

PRUSSIA.
Aufzug aus dem Tagebuch eines Ruffen, vide
Mecklenbubgh.
Bemerkuttgen auf einer Reife von Berlin nach
Bromberg in Weft Preuflen. Berlin und
Leipzig, 1784, 8vo.
Benjaminis. Navarreni itincrarium,w*fe Eu
rope.
Bernoulli, vide Courland.
Bernoulli's Archiv, vide Belluno.
Bock's (Frid. Sam) ^erfuch einer wirthfchaft-
lichen Naturgefchichte von dem>K6nig-
reich Oft und Weft Preuflen. Deffau,
1782. 1784, 8vo, IV Th.
Brand, vide Brandenburg.
' Eurja

C 216 J
BuRJA, Vide C0URLAND.
Guagnino, wie Lithuania.
Hacklu.yt, vide Anglesey.
Kuester(Carl Dan) Kleine Preufifche Lan
der Kentniifs. Magdeburg und Deffau^
1782, 8vo. II Th.
Lepner, vide Prussian Lithuania.
Marshall vide Denmark.
Mangelsdorf (K. E.) Preufliche national
Blatter. Hall, 1787, 8vo.
-Motraye, vide Poland.
Stella (Erasmus) De Bprufliae antiquitatibus

PYRENEAN MOUNTAINS.
Arcet (D.) Difcours fur 1' etat naturel des
montagnes des Pyrenees, & fur les caufes
de leur degfadation. A Paris, 1776, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into German. Berlin, 1 779,-
8vo,
-Roi (le) Memoires fur les travaux, qui oni
rapport a I' exploitation de la nature dans
fes Pyrenees. Londres & Paris, 1776,-
4to.
R A G U S A.
Austel in Flackluyt, vide Anglesey. RHINE

( 2l7 )

RHINE COUNTRIES.
Col lin i (Co sme) Journal d'un voyage dans
le cercle du Rhin, qui contient differentes
obfervations mineralogiques, particuliere-
ment fur les agates & les bafaltes ; avec
xih detail fur la maniere de travailler les
Sgates: A Manheim 1776, 8vo. A Paris
1777, 8vo.
The fame translated into German. Manheim, 1777,
8vo.
Gerken, vide Bavaria.
Hamilton's neuere Beobaehtungen uber die
Voleanenj w'^e Italy.
Huipsch (J.W. K. A.) Freyherr von) mah-
lerifche Reife am Nieder Rhein. Colin,
1784, 1785, gr. 4to. II Hefte.
Remarques hiftoriques, vide Bohemia.

R H O D U S.
Bruyn, vide Cyprus,,
Coronelli (V 1 nc) Ifalddi Rodi geografica,
ftorica, antica, emoderna, &c. In Venezia,
1688, 8vo,
Dapper, vide Archipelago,
Sommer, vide Do,
Ee RIE-

( ai8 )

RIESENGEBURG,
Die wunderbahre Schneekoppe, oder Befchrei
bung des Riefengeburges* Leipzig, 1746,-
8vo.
Reifen auf das Schleflfche Riefengebiirg vofl
1696. bis 1737. Hirfchberg, 1737, 4to.
Vex, k mar (Joh. Jac) Reifen nach dem Riefen
gebiirg, Bunzlau, 1777, 8vo.

RIGA.
Aufzug aus dem Tagebuch, vide' Meckles-
burg-.

ROM E,
Adier, vide Amste'rdam.
Adler (Jnc) Reifebemerkungen- auf einer1
Reife nach Rom. Altona, 1784, 8vo.
Bassani (Ant.) Viaggio a Roma della Sacra-
Real Maefta di Maria Cafimira, Regina
. di Polonia, per il voto di vifitare iluo-
ghi fanti, ed il fupremo paftore della Chi -
efa, Innoccnao XII, In Roma, 1700,
4.tor Baur's"

t 219 )
Bauer's (A. F.) Ausfiihriiehe Gefchichte der
Reife des Pabft Pius VI. von Rom nach
Wienn, Sec. Wienri, 1782, 1783, 8vo.
Ill Th.
Bernoulli, vide Austria. "¦
Briefe auf einer Reife nach Rorfi, Sec. 1773,
1774, aus dem Franzofifchen. Riga, 1784,
8vo. II Th.
De trium Regum Japonicorum legati's, qui Ro
man profecEi, Gregorio XIII obedieritiarh '-
publice praeftiterunt. Antw. 1593, 8vO.
Fab rich itinera, vide Naples.
Ficoroni (Franc de) Offerva-zroni fopra
Fantichita di Roma, In Roma, 1709,
4to. '
Eontana (Barth.) Viaggio da Venezia
a Roma. In Venezia 1550, 8 vo,
Gualtieri (Guido) Relazione della ve-
nuta degli Ambafciatori Giaponefi a Ra
ma, Sec. In Venezia, 1586, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into German. Dillingen, 1587,
8vo.
Kleine Reifen, vide Ermenonville.
Leti (Greg) itinerario della Corte di Roma
See. In Valeri'za', 1675, lamo. Ill vol.
Nodot, vide Italy.
'Relazione della folenne entrata fatta Up. Rotna
da (Fil. Franc) Faxicura, Ambafciatore del
Jjdafe Mafamune, Re di Voxu nel Gia-
3> E e 2 pon»

( 220 )
, , ppne alia Santitia di N. S. Papa Paolo V;
In Roma, 1615, 4to.
The fame tranfiated into Spanifh, En Mexico,
1626, 8vo.
Do, from the Japanefe language into Latin, by F.dr-
IS* ward de Sande. At Macao, 1690, 4 to.
Sebastiani (de) Viaggio curiofo di Roma
facra e piofana. In Roma, 1683, ismo.
JSherlock, vide, Berlin.
SlNGLADE, I/«feCoRSlCA.
Sprengel, vide England.
Stunicae (Lapidis) Itinerarium ab Hif-
y^_ pania ufque ad .Romam.. Romae, 1521,
4tp.
Sulivan, vide Europe.

ROMANIA.
Boscowich, vide Buxg-aria.
R O N C A.
Fortis (Alb) Delia valleVulcanico — marina-
nel territorio Veronefe memoria orytogra,
fica. In Venezia, 1778, 41.0.
The fame translated into German. Heidelberg,
1779, 8vo» RUS«

'( 22 i }

•R U S S I A.
Journey through Ruffia into Perfia, by tw$
Englifh Gentlemen. London, 1742, 8vo".
lgarotti (Conte d') Saggiodi letterefopra
la Ruflia. In Parigij 1 76.0, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into French. A Londres,
& Paris, 1769, i2mo. Neufchatel, 1770,
8vo.
Do. into Englifh.. London, 1769, 8vo II
vol.
ilgemeine Gefchiehe der neueften Entdeckun*
gen, welche von verfchiedenen gelelirten
Reifenden in vielep Gegendfen des RuR
fifchen Rejehsj Sec. in der Hiftorie, Landi
wirthfchaft, und Naturgefchichte find ge*
macht 'worden. Bern; 1777, 1782, 8voi
V Th.
The fame tranfiated into French. A B^ern, i779j
lvrii.,- vide Europe.
iardilij vide Germany,
Iell, vide Petersburgh;
iERNOUILLI, Vide COURLANDJ
----- vide Austria;
irand (Adam) Befchreibung. feiner gAriJeri
Chinefifchen Reifen, Sec. Frankfurt, 1697$
... -fivoj Lubeck, 1734, 8vo. ' *?
. Thi

C «* )
The fame tranfiated into French. Amfierdam^
1699, izmo.
Do. into Dutch. Tyel, i6gg, 8vo,
Brand, vide Brandenburg.
f$RuCB, vide Germany.
Bruyn(Cprn. van) Reifen qver Mofeovieif
Delft, 1714, folf
The fame translated into French, A la Haye, 1732*
4to. Vtom.
Po. into Englifh, jj^-j,fol.II voL
BURJA, Ztti« GoURLAND.
CARXisLE,-w'rf« Denmark.
Cook's voyage and travels through the Ruffian
Empire,' in 1739, 1750. Edinburgh, 177^
8vo,
$QXE,vide Denmark.
Does, vide Constantinople.
Geisler, vide France.
Georgi's (Joh. Gottl) Bemerkungen auf
einer Reife im Rufiifchen Reiche von 1772$
*774-
s .... - Befchreibung aller Na tionen <les Rut
fifchen Reichs ; in 4 ;A«fgaben. St. Peter-
fburg, 1760. 178P, gr. 410.
Thefame tranfidtcdinto Ruffian. St. Pctcrflujgkf
1776, 1789, 4to. IV torn.
Do. into French. St. PeQcrfiourg, 1776, 4to. IP
colleclions.
IpMELiN's (Sam. Gottl) Reifen durch Rufs*
land zu Unterfuchung der 3 Naturreiche St, Pf

i 2s3 }
{- St. Peterfburg, T770, 1774, 1784, gr.8yo*
IV Th.
Tranfiated into Ruffian. St. Peterfburg, 1771,
i774> 4to. Ill torn.
pOETCERl's JOURNAL, mdt DENMARK.
Hackluyt, cufc Anglesey,
Hanwey, vide Germany.
Herberstein, vide Lithuania.
Herfer's (D. A.) Schiffreife nach Rufslafl&j,
1677. Nurnberg, 1678,410.
Herman, vide Finland.
Hiftorifch verhael, of befcliTyving van d«
voyage gedaen onder de fuite van den
Hefcr Coenrad van Klenk extraordinari
Ambaffadeur Van H.H.M. de Heeren Staa-
ten General aan Syn Zaarfche Majefteyt;
t' Amfterdam, 1677, 4 to.
Jacob 1, hodoeporicon Ruthenieum, in quo de
Mofcovitarum regione, moribus, religione,
gubernatione,& aula,&c.Francof. i6o8,4to.
Josten, vide Austria,
Jovius(Paul) Befchreibung der GelandfchafE
des Ruffifchen Fiirften Bafilii M. an den
, Pabft Clemens VII, Bafel, 1537, fol.
Thefame tranfiated into Latin. Bafil. i55i,Jtf«
|ftoria naturale, vide Denmark. -,
Justice's voyage to Ruffia. York, 1739,
Rorsu

f '224 5
ftc-RBii (Joh. Geo ft G") Diarium itineris iri
Mofcoviam Ignatii Chriftophori de Gua-2
rient & Rail a Leopoldo aid Czarum Mof-
coviae Petrum Alexiovicium, 1698, able-
giti extraordinarii. Acceffit re'ditus Cza-
reae Majeftatis, rebellionis Streliziorum, &
praecipuarum Mofcoviae ferum defcriptio.
Viennae,' 1760, fol.
'•LeeechIna (iwana) dneifrnija fapifki pute-
fcheftwija' p6 rafn 6m provintzijam Rof-
fijfkagho Ghofudarftwa, 1768, i 1769',
ghodu." Wi Sanckt-Peterfburghje, 177*1
4t6. 1781,410.
Thefame tranfiated into, Germait. Altchburgt
l774i l77&, 1782, gr. 4to. IIITh.
Letters from a Lady who refided fome years int. '
Ruffia. London^ 1775, 8vo,
« The fame, tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 177$'
8vo.
. Do. info Frencht ,d Rotterdam, 1776, 8vo.
J.KVESQUE ( ) Hiftoire de differens peo
ples foumis a la domination des Ruffes,
A Paris, 1783, II torn.
JLyseck. (Adqxph) Relatio eor'um, quae circa
Sacrae Caef. Majeft. ad Magnum Mofcorura'
Tzarum legatos Annib. Franc, de Bottbni,
St Johannem Carolum Terlingerum anno
1675 gefta funt. SalifbV 1676, 8vo. M&>
. gunt, 1679, i68g, 8vo. M-A-&*

V-

Malhaut, Eflai fur le commmerce de Ruffle,
avec P hiftoire de fes de'couvertes. A
Amfterdam, i777i 8vo,
M a r c y ( Ab b e )Hiftoiremoderne desChinoIs&c.
A Paris, 1765} 1778, XXX vol, gr. i2md.
Marshall, vide 'Denmark.
Martiniere, vide Greenland,
Mayerberg (Aug. de) Defcriptio itineris,
fiii, Se Horat Guil. Calvuccii ab Imperatorb
Leopoldo ad Czarum Alexium Michaelo-
witz ablegatorum in Mofcoviam ; cum fta-
tutis Mbfcoviticis, ex Ruffo in Latinum
idioma ab ipfo tranflatisj Colon. 1663
fol.
The fame tranfiated into French. A Leide, 1638J
gr. izmd.
Meyer's (J; H. C;) Briefe iiber Rufslandt
Gottingen, 1778, 1679, 8vo. II Th.
MicjialOnis f ragmeiita de moribusTartarorunu
vide Lithuania
Mofcovitifche Land~Zeit-5-Staatsjjnd KiTchen*
befchreibung; Nurnbetg, 1687.
MotrAye, vide Poland.
NeuviLle en Hezj vide CrIm;
Ne ugebaueri (Sa.xom) Mofcoviaj h. e. de ori
gine, fitu, regionibus, religione, ac repub-
lica Mofcoviae. Gedarii, 1612, 1613, 4to.
Nieustad (N) Reifebefchryving van Pohlen
naMofcovieh, 16804 Tyel, 1699, 8vo.
Oleari'j;s (ADAM)Mofcovitifche Befchreibung
Ff der

( 226 )
der Reife nach Mofcow, Sec. Sehlefwigj
1647, fol.
Thefame tranfiated into French. A Paris, 1659,410.
Do. into Englifh. London, 1662, fol
Pallas (P. S.) Reifen durch verfehiedene
Provintzen des Ruflifchen Reichs in 1768,
1773. Peterfburg 1771, 1773, 1776» Sr«
4to. Ill Theil.
Perry's (Charles) Prefent ftate of Ruffia.
London, 1716, 8vo.
Tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 17 17, 8vo.
Petrejus (Pehr) Regni Mofcovitici defcrip
tio. Stockholm, 1615, 410.
Possevinii (Ant.) Mofcovia, five narratio
de moribus magnae Ruffoium monarchiae,
&c. Dantifci, 1670, 410.
Potoki (Paul) Mofcovia, five, narratio de mo
ribus magnae Ruffofum monarchiae Sec.
Dantifci, 1670, 4to.
"Prinz Baro aBuchau (Daniel) Bis legati
Maximiliani Ildi & Rudolphi II ad Johan-
tiem Bafilidem Mofcoviae ortus & progref-
fus. Gubenaey 1679, 4to. Do. 1681, i2mo.
Purchas (Sam.) pilgrims. London, 1626, fol.
IV vol..
Pur gold (Joh) De diverfis imperii Ruffici or-
dinibus eorumque juribus Se divinationi.
bus necnon de diverfis foris competenti-
bus. Hallae, 1786, 8vo,
Randolph, vide Denmark.
Ramusio

( 227 )
Ramus 10, Raccolte delle navigazioni e viaggf,
&c. In Venezia, 1613, fol. Ill torn.
Reifebefchryvinge door Vrankryk, vide Eng
land.
Rerum Mofcoviticarum auftores varii ex collec-
tione Freherf. Franeof, 1600, fol.
Ruffia,feu Mofcovia, itemque Tartaria commen-
tario topographieo atque politico illuftrata.
Lugd. Bat. 1630, i6mo.
Rytschkowa (Nicolaja) Zehurnal iii dne-
wn iija zapifki putefeheftwija porazn iim
provintzijam Roflijfkagho Ghofudarftwa,
1769, 1770, ghoda. Sanct.. Peterfburghje,
1770,410,
».,-._. Predolzchenie zfckurnala iii dnewn
uch zapifk' putefeheftwija po rafn iim
provintziam Rofsyfkagho Ghofudarftwa
*77s> gkodw, SaniE. Peterfburghje, 1722,-
4to.
...  . dewn iija zapifki putefchewija
w kirgis Kaifazkoi ftepje 1771, ghodu.
SaneE. Peterfburghje, 1772, 410.
.,------ tranfiated into ' German. Riga, 1 774,
8vo.
Sprengel, vide England.
Strahlenberg, vide Europe,
Struys, videGe.EE.cE. ¦
Tanneri (Bern. Leop. Franc) Legatio Po,
lonico — Lithuanica in Mofcoviam, 1678
fofpepta, Norib. 1689, 4to,
J ? S Tppo?

{ 238, )
Topografitfchefkija primijitfehanii na znant;
niefchija mjefta putefeheftwija Eja Impe-
ratorfkagho, weUtfcheftwa W. Bjelorufkija.
Namjeftwitfchefwa w SancE Peterfburghje,
1780, i2mo.
Tre navigazioni fatte. da' Olandefi, vide Nor
way.
Uber Rufsland. Breflauj 17.81, 8vo.
Ulfeldi (Japob) Legatip Mofcpvitica. Fran-:
cof. 1622, 410.
Veer, vide Northern Countries.
Viaggi di Mofcovia delli anni 1633, 1635, In
Viterbo, 1658, 4tp,
Wartis (Giou.) Relazione geografica ftorico-
politica deli imperip di Mofcovia. In. Mi-..
lano, 1713, i2mo.
Wickhart's (Carl Valent) Mpfcovitifche
Reifebefchreibung, und Gefandfchaft nach
Mofcau. Wien, 1675, 12 mo.
Williams vide Denmark.
Wenzel's (D. vpN) gegenwartiger ft&atvpn
Rufsland. . Peterfburg und, Leipzig, 1783.
The fame translated into French. A Peterfburg £3
Leipzig, 1783, 8vo.
Wreech (Curt. Fritj. v.o«) Umftandliche
Hiftorie yon den. Schwsdifchen Gefenr
genen in Rufsland, . und- Siherien. Sprau{
17.2.8} 8vo,
SALTZ.

i a29 )

SALTZBURG.
t
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Gerken, vide Bavaria.
Hermann, vide Austria.
Schrank, vide Ofli.
& A M O S.
Dapper, vide Archipelago,
G/EORGIERENES, Vide AtHOS MOBS*.
SARDINIA
Cetti (Franc) Storia naturale di Sardegna;
In Saffari 1774 — 177.7— r 1784,, 8vo. Fiji
torn.
T-hefame tranfiated into. German, and incxeqfid ty
Pietfch. _ Leipz. 1783, 8vo.
Defcription geographique, hjftorique, Se poli
tique du royaume d.e Sardaigne. A G*fc-
logne, 17-18, 8-yo, A la Haye, 172&
i2mo.
EpE s's Nachrichten au6<Sardinien yon derge?
genwartigen Verjjaffusg diefer Infsli L<ljb
zig, 1780, 8yo.
.Gemelli (Frakc), Rifiorimento della, Sar-
. . degna,*

( 23© )
degna. In Saflari, 4to. II torn;
Vico (Franc, de) Hiftoria geheral de la ifla
y reyno de Cerdena. En Barcelona, 1639,
fo. II vol. .,..__
Welschen, vide Ar.chipelago.

SAVOY;
Breval, vide ^LSACE,
Coulon, vide Flanders.
Goelnizii Ulyffes, vide France.
Luc, vide Alps,
Pococke, vide Archipelago.
R. (de la) vide Flanders,
SAXONY,
Androphiii, vide Franconia.
Apelblad (Jonas) vide Hesse.
Barth (Mich.) Hodoeporicon, feu iter Sas-
onieum, Leipf. 1563, i2mo.
Bernoulli, vide Austria,
Beck; vide Munich.
Briefe iiber Saehfen von einem Reifenden.
Berlin, 1768, 8vo.
"Bucher, vide Dresden.
Burney, vide Bohemia.
Falckert's (Abr. Gottl) Reifen aus Saeh
fen bis in Weft-Iiidiep. Budiffin, 1735,
8vo.' Leh»

{ 231 y
LehMaNN's (Christ.)"1 Hiftorifcher SchxiX»
platz der natiirlichen Merkwurdigkeiten
in dem Meifsnifchen Obar Ertzgeburge.
Leipzig, 1699, 4to. 1747.
Leske's (Nath. Gottf.) vide LuSatia.
Mahlerifche Reife"; idurch Sachfen. Leipzig^
1786, fol. mit XI Kupffern.
Neue Reifebefchreibungen, vide Berlin.
Remarques hiftoriques, vide Austria,
Uffenbach, vide En.gxand. ..-»
Volckard, vide Amsterdam*
Wi-ll, vide Altdorff;
SCHAFHAUSEN.
BERNOuxLi,mrfe Austria,
THE SCHWARTZWALD,
or, BLACK FOREST.
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
¦Befchreibung einer Reife .durch einen klernaj
Theil des Schwartzwaldes, in 6 Briefea
an einen Ereund. Fratif. 1781, gr.-Svo,.. §
SCILLY ISLANDS.
Borlase's (Will.) -State of the iflands of
Scilly, 1756, 4to.
SCIO,

Missing Page

Missing Page

( 234 )
The fame tranfiated into German. Hanovef, 1760*
1776, gr. 8va. II Th.
Lithgow, vide. Europe.
Martin, ot'ieORKNEYTsLANDS.
Misson, vide England.
Obfervations made, wie England.
Pennant (Thom.) Tour in Scotland, 1769%'
London 1774, 4to.
Additions on the quarto edition. London,
1774, 4to.
Ray's (John) Sele£E remains. London, 1760*
' 8vo,
Rohan, vide England.
Sammlung der beften und neueften Reifebe-
fchreibungen, raid Cyprus. -
Sibbaldi (Roberti) Scotia illuftrata, feu
prodrdrnus hiftoriae naturalis Scotiae. E-
dinburgh, 1684, fol.
_  Nuntius de Atlante Scotico, feu
defcriptio Scotiae antiquae & modernae.
Edenb. 1683.
 Hiftory' ancient and modern of
the Sheriffdom of Fife. Sec, ¦ Edinb. 1710-
Stukeley, vide England.
Sulivan, vide Edinburgh.
The modern univerfal Britifh traveller, vide
England.
T.aur through Great-Britain, vide England.
Volkmann's neuefte Reifen durch Schottland,
vide Ireland.
Young

( 235 )
Young,, vide England,
Zeiller, vide Do.

S E R V I A.
Brown, vide Austria.
SHETLAND ISLANDS.
Journey to the Highlands, vide Scotland,
Kerguelen, ot^«Ferr.o Islands.
Martin, wie Orkney. Islands.
SICILY.
Benjaminis Navarreni itinerarium, vide
Europe.
Bernoulli's Archiv, z/j'ie Belluno;
Biscari (Ignazio Paterno Prencipe di)
viaggio per tutta 1' antichita della Sicilia,
In Napoli, 1781, 4to,
Borch,- vide Malta.
Brydone, vide Do.
Cartani, Reife in Sicilien in Bernoulli's Samm
lung, vide Austria. t
Dryden, vide Malta.
Facelli (Thom.) De rebus Siculis decades
G g a II. Pan-

I 236 )
II. Panormi, 1558, fol. Francof. 1579,
fol.
Houel, vide Lippari Islands.
Kuselii itinerarium, vide Germany.
Lettres fur la' SiciFe par ufi vcryageur Italien, en
1776 — 1777. A Amfterdam & Paris, 1778,
ismo.
M. Lettres, vide Italy.
Mong-itore -(Ant.) La Sicilia ricercata nelle
cofe le piu memorabili. In Palermo, 1 742,
II torn.
Pilati, vidse Europe.
Platiere, vide Italy.
Riedesel. vide Naples.
Sestini (Domenico) Lettere fcritte dalla
Sicilia, ie dalla Tufchfa. In Firenze,
1779 — 1781, i2mo. IV torn. VIII torn. .
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1780—
1783, 8vo. IIITh.
S.Chiano (Dom.) Defcrizione di yarie prbdur
zioni naturali della Sicilia. Palermo, 1762.
Swinburne (Henry) travels in the Twq
Sicilies 1777 — 1780. London 1783, 17855
4to. II vol.
The fame translated into French. A Paris, 1785^
8vo. torn. I.
Po. into German, with notes by Ferfter, Hamburg^
1787, 8vo. // Th.
Veryard, vide France. Voyage

C 237 )
Voyage Pittorefque, vide Naples.
Wexschen, vide Archipelago.

. SIERRA MO RENA,
Befchreibung einer Reife, welche in die Sierr
ra Morena im Jahr 1769, von Elfas aus
unternommen wurde, Leipz. 1780, 8vpf
-. •* £ I L E S I A,
Androphili, vide Franconia,
Austel in Hackluyt, vide Anglesey,
Buquoi, Reife"befch"reibung durch einen Theil
des Schlefifchen Geburges. Bunzlau, 1783-
Svo.
 -__ Fortfetzung. Bunzlau, 1784,178^.
Frid. Wilhelm II Reife von Berlin zur
Huidigung Schlefiens nach Breflau, 17§6?
' 8vb.
Hammond (C. F. E.) Reife durch Ober Schle-
fien nach der Ukrain. Gotha, i7°7j
8vo. iter Band,
Troschel, vide Berlin.
Von Schlefien vor und nach dera Jahr 174°»
Freyburg, 1 785, 8vo. II Th,
6IM>

( *3» )

SIMENTHAL.
Lang-haws (Dan.) Merkwiirdigkeiten des
Simenthals im Bernifchen. Zurch, 1753,
* • 8-vo,

S L E W I C K.
JIermannidae delieiae, v ide Finland.
Zeiller, vide Denmark.

SPAIN.
Au-noy (Comtesse de) Relation du vqyage
d' Fifpagne., A Amfterdarflj 1716, i2mo.
Ill torn.
Thefame tranfiated into Gexrnan. Leipzig, 1695,
i2mo. Ill Th. Nordhaufen, 1782, 8vo,
III Th.
Do. into Englifh. 1697, i2mo. Ill voL
Do. into Dutch. Delft, 1705, 4to,
Baretti, vide England.
Bernoulli's Archiv, vide Be llu no.
Befondere Denkwiirdigkeiten des heutlgen
Zuftandes der Monarchic von Spanien.
Frankf. und Leipz. 1767, 8vo.
JJetrliNj vide Germany. BOISEL

( «39 )
Boise l, Journal d'un voyage dJ Efpagne fait
en 1659. A Paris, 1722, gr. i2mo.
BosuHifp. vide Milan.
Bowles (D. Guil.) introducion a la hiftoria
natural, ygeografia filica del reyno deEf»
pana. En Madrid, 1775, 8vo.
Thefame tranfiated into French. A Paris, 1776^
gr. 8vo.
Do. into Italian, In Parma, 1783, 8vo.
Breval, vide Alsace.
Brome, vide Italy.
Burge, vide Portugal.
Campomanes (D..Pedro Rodrig) Itinerario
de las carreras de pofta por Efpana. En
Madrid, 1761, 8vo.
Cavanixlas (D. Ant. Jos.). -Obfervations fur
P article d' Efpagne dans la nouvelle En
cyclopedic. A Paris, 1784, gr. 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into German, with additions
by Biefier. Berlin 1785, 8vo.
Clarke (Edw) Letters concerning the Spa
nifh nation. London, 1 763, gr. 4to.
Thefame translated into German. Lemgo, 1765,
8vo.
Colmenar, vide Portugal.
Crome, vide Europe.
Coulon (Louis) Fidele condufteur pomMe
voyage d' Efpagne. A Paris, 1754, 8vo.
Dalrymple, vide Portugal.
Der.

( H° }
Oeir Sehauplatz, vide Portugal. • ?
Des Konigreichs Spanien Land — Staats^s-undt
Stadte Befchreihung. Leipzig, 1706V
1 2mo.
Dillon's (John Talbiot) travels through
Spain. London, 1 780, 4to. w. G.
Tranfiated into- German, and- encreafed- by jf. At
EngelbrechU Leipzig, 1782, gr. 8vo. //
Th.
Drake in Hak-luyTj vide AnSlesey-.
Ebert, vide England.-
Eichhofii (Cyp'riani) delieiae Hifpaniae^
1 Sec. Urfellis, 1604, 4to.
Ens (Casp)- Delieiae apodemicae. Coloniac,
1609, 8vo.
EscrivaNo (Jo's. Math) itineiraria Efpanofc
En Madrid, 1758, isrrip.j-
Goes'(Damiani a) De rebus jEthiopicis, In-1
dicis, et Hifpanicis opufcula. Colon. 1574^
8vo.
Hakluyt, vide Anglesey"*
Hervey, vide Germany.
Hill, vide France.
James's (Thomas) Hiftory of tlie Herculean
ftraits, now called the ftraits of Gibraltar.
London, 1771, 4to.
Josten, vide Austria.
Kaimo (Norb) Lettere d' uri vagoltahano nej
17SS

( 24l )
*?35j &c- In.Pitburgo, 1759,- 1767, 8Vb\
II torn.
The fame translated into French. A tParis,
i2mo. // torn.
Ditto into German. Leipz. 1774; gr* 8vo. . .
jLabat, vide Italy.
Laet, tltoPoRTIJCAI,
Langle (Marquis de) Voyage de Figaro en
t ^Efpagne. A -.-Neufchatel, 1785^ 8vo. .11
torn.
The fame Manflated into German. Leipzig^
1785, "8 vo. II Th.
Loeflingii (Pet.) iter Hiipanicum eller refa
-til Spanfkalandernauti Europa, oeh Ame
rica, fSrratad ifram 1751 til 1756.,
The fame, tranfiated into German, by Jt\velpin. Bet*
tin, 1776. gr. >8yo.
Letters from an Englifh traveller in Spain in
1778, on the origin and -progrefs of poetry
of that kingdom} &e» &c. London,
1781, 8vo,
Limberg vel Roden, vide England.
Lutzenkirchen, vide France,
"M. voyages faits, vide France,
M. Lettres fur le voyage d' Efpagne. A Pam-
pelune, 1756, i2mo.
Mascarenas (Hier) Viajede la.Reyrta Dorta
Annade Auftria en Efpana. En Madrid*
1650, .410.
MONCONYS, vidC CONSTANTINOPLE.
H h Nara

( 242 )
NAvagero, vide France.
Neuere Staatfkuhde von Spanien. Berlin, und
Stettin gr; 8vo,
Neumayr von Ramsla, vide Italy.
P. ( ) Eflai fur P Efpagne, &c. A Ge
neve, 1780, 8vo. & fousletitre : Nouveau
voyage en Efpagne. A Londres, 1782$
8vo. II torn,
Thefame translated into German. Leipzig, 1781,
gr. 8vo. II Th.
Pi **; .Voyage d'(Efpagne curieux, hiftorique,
Se politique fait en 1655. A Cologne,
1667, i2mo.
The fame tranfiated into Dutch., Amfletd. 1669,
8vo.
Pluer's (Carl., Christ.) Reifen durch
Spanien. Leipzig. 1777, 8vo.
Puente.- (Ped. Ant. de la) Viaje de Efpana.
En Madrid, 1776 — 1786, 8vo. XIII torn.
.«.--.. (Ponz.) Reife durch Spanien, mit
Erlauterungen und Zufatzen von Diciz,
Leipz. 1775, 8vo. II Th,
Ray, vide France.
Reifebefchreibung nach Spanien, vide Eng*
LAND.
Reifebefchreibung nach Spanien. Frankfurtj
1676, 8vo.
Reifbefchiyving, vide England.
Relation d' un voyage d* Efpagne. A Parisj
1664, i2mo. A Cologne, 1667, i2mo, Remark

( 843 )
Remarques d'un voyageur fur la Holland^,.*! ids
Germany.
Resendii delieiae, vide Portugal,
Roden vide England.
Rosmital, vide do.
S. voyage de France, vide France.
Sammlung der beften und neueften Reifebe-
fehreibungen, vide Cyprus.
Salazar (A. de) Inventaire general des
plus curieufes recherches des royaumes
d' Efpagne, traduit de l'Efpagnol par lui
meme. A Paris, 1612, 1615, 8vq.
Scheid, vide England.
Sinceri, vide Portugal.
Spoerl's vermifchte Briefe, vide Holland.
Sprengel, vide England.
Swinp/urne's (Henry, travels through Spain.
London, 1779, gr. 4to. w. c.
Thicknesse, vide Catalonia.
Torrubia (Joseph) apparato para la hiftoria
natural Efpanola. En. Madrid, 1754, fol,
II torn.
The farne tranfiated into German, with notes*
Murr. Hall, 1773. gr. ([to.
Twiss, vide Portugal,
Udal ap Rhys, vide do,
Val, vide do. i
Vayrac (Abbe de) Etat prefent de 1' Ef
pagne. A Amft. 1719, 8vo, 3 torn.
. H-h .2 Ve*>

( 244 )
Vbryard, vide France-;..
Verfuch iiber die Staatfverfaffurig, Sec. von
Spanien. Hamburg und Kiel, 1783, gr. .
8vo. Viaje de Efpana, En Madrid, 1776)
i2mo. VI vol.
Volkmann's neuefte Reifen durch Spanierf
vprziiglich in Arifehung der Kunft,
Handlung,- Oeconorriiej und Manufao?
turen. Leipzig, 1785,. gr. 8vo; II Th.
Voyages faits, vide Germany.
We lsx:h.£ n, vide Archipelago,
Zeilleri itinerarium, vide Portugal,
5 P A W,
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Springsfeld (Gottl. Carl) iter mSSicum
ad Therrrias Aquifgranenfes, & fbntes Spa-
diarios. Lipfiae, 1748, 8vo.
SPIRE,
Bernoplli, vide Austria,
SPITSBERGEN,
Kuehn, vide Canary Islands.
Marten, yid? Greenland, Roy

( M5 )
J5oV (P. L. le) Relation d'es avantures arrl-
vees a quatre matel'ots Rufliens jettes fur
une ifle deferte pres d' Oft-Spitzbergue,
1766, 8vo,
Thefame translated into German. Riga und Mie-
tau, 1768, 8vo.
Z.ORGDRAGER vide GREENLAND.
STAFFORDSHIRE.
Er des wick (S.) Natural hiftory qf Stafford-
s fhire. Oxford, 1686. fol.
Plot's (Rob.) natural hiftory of Staffordfhire,
Oxford, 1679, Do. 1686, fol,
STIRIA,
Arnold's Reife in Steyermark. Wienn, 1785,
410. m. 1. K.
Brown, vide Austria*
Churelichz, vide Carniola*
Eerber, vide Hungary.
Hermann, vide Austria,

STIRLINGSHIRE.
Uimmo's (Will) general and natural hiftory of

( m6 )
pf StirlingfliiBe. Edinburgh, 1777, 8V0*
London,, 1778, 8vo.

STOCKHOLM.
Brederode, vide Lubeck.
Wraxal, vide Copenhagen.

STRAIT D AVI S.
Anderson, tiiafeGREENLAND.
Kuehn, vide Canary Islands..
ZORGDRAGER, vide GREENLAND.

STRASBURG H.
A deferfptive; journey, vide France.
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
|H*eue Reifebemerkungen, vide Berlin,
Sherlock, vide Do,

SURREY.
Ambry's (John) natural hiftory and antiqui
ties of the county of Surrey. London,
172a, 8vo. V vo.L
Salmon's (Nic.) antiquities of Surrey, &c.
London, 17a6* Svg* S U Sr

t HT )

SUSSEX.

Blucden's (Rich) Survey of the county <j£
Siiflex. Ldndon, 1756, 8 vou

S W A B I A,
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Cassini de Thury, vide Do.
Gerken, vide Bavaria.
Huinlin's (David) Staats und Erdbefchrei-
bung des Scfowabifchen Kreifes. Ulan,
1780, 1781, gr. 8vo. II Th.
Reife eines. Curlanders durch [Schwaben, &ci
Ulm, 1784, 8vo.
S.vi,ZE&,ivide Alsace.
Wekherlin, vide Austria.
Zapf, vide Bavaria.
*--.-  Uber die Abficht rrteiner littfcrari-
fchen Reife in einige Klofter Schwabens,
und der Schweitz. Augfb. 1781, gr. '8vo.
» . ' - , -„  Uber meine vollbrachte Reife in
einige Klofter Schwabens und in der
Schweitz. Augfb* 1782, gr, 8vo.

SWE-

( *4* )

SWEDEN,
Acrelius (Israel) Befchrifningom.de Svfent*.
fka Fbrfamlingers forfta och nawarandd
tilft and uti niefwerige, Stockholm, 1759*
4to,
Adam, vide Denmark,
An account of Sweden, i'6c;4, Sva.
Translated into Dutch. Gr'aaenhaag, tGgs^
8vo. -
Aubery de MaurIer, vide Denmark.
Bernoulli's archiv, vide.REtT.vtio.
«.  Fortgefezte Sammlung im I4teri
Band^ vide Austria.
JJuesch (;Joh. Geo-rg.') Bemerkungen auf
einer Reife durch einen Theil -Sehwedens
im Jahr 1780. Hamburgh, 1783, gr.
8vo.
Canzler (Joh. Georg.) -Memoires -pour-
.fervir a la xemnoiflanee des affaires poli-*
tiques <& economiques du Royaume del
Suede. A Londres, 1776, 8vo. II vol.
The fame tranfiated into German, with -additions*
Drefden, 1778, 8vo. II Th.
Carlisle, vide Denmark,
Cox, vide Do.
Goetceri, vide Do, Haer-

I^aerlemAnn (Carl.) Dagbok ofwer eri ifran
Stockholm, igenom atfkillige rikets land-
fkaper gjord refa. Stockholm, 1749,
1751, 8vo. II del med kopp;
Thefame tranfiated into German. Leipzig, i75i»
- 1764, i 8vo. II Th; ¦
Heberer von Bretten, vide Denmark.
Hermannidae deliciae, We Fin land.
Hill vel Marshall, vide Denmark.
JA8.S, iizVe England.
Jourtial- van het gefandfchap; vide Poland.
Leopold (Jo. Frid.) Relatio epi.ftolica de'
itinere fuo Suecico 1707 fa£Eo adj. Wood*'
-Ward. London 1720, 8voi
Lettres galantes, vide England. 1
Linnaei Olanska, vide Gothland.
 Skanfka refa forrattet ao. 1749.
StocHidlhv 17514 
*.  Reifen durch einige Schwedifche.
Provintzeh uberfetzt durch Schreber.
Hall, I764, 1765, 8V0. II Th. ^
„':; ::  i Reifen durch 'das Konigreich
Schweden Cberfetzt mit Anmerkungen
' Vdft Klein." Leipzig, 1756, gvo.
LOMENII ITINERARIUM, Vtdt AUSTR iA.
MagNI, vide Northern countries.
Magnus (Ol.) Hiftory of the Goths, Swedes,
and Vandals, 1658. fol.

Motr'aye," vide CJtlM.

ii

N^pri.^F^ncJ. Viaggio in Su«cia. Padu^
. 170.6^.8^0, ,;„ , ,t :¦'
OfiE.^11 f.yifz»iEKjDE&,:fii4e Den-ma-rjc-,.. ;
OwexioniUs, vide FinlawBj - .
Fays?;, vide. Brabant. , 1'
Praetorii orbis Got«iciis1 vide, G©th'«
ianb,., ,#- ; ' . ^ „¦... . ..--s
Regnard, W^e Denmark/
S c h e'e l, vide do,. , ,
Tuneld's (Eric)' Geographie gfwer Konun-f
gariket Syferige,- Seci Stockholm, 1786^
8vo. I'1'' -' ' ¦-' 7 : -
Rudbeck, iHde Ala'nd-; * •
Viaggio' dfim-Udmo, vide Etjg-ea'N'd. '
Williams, ot^Denmark. "
ZEiLEER,'%i«fe Finland.-.
.a-,.-,  ¦" --••1

S W I T Z E R 1,-A N Eb :
Afsprung's, w'^fe Appenzell. ,.,
Aleon (Graf vpn) vide Europe, .
Altma.nn (Jon, Gepr'g ., Verfucli .einer-
hiftprifchen und phyfiea}ifchen Befchrei-
' "liurig der "Helvetifchen Eifberge. . Z^urch,
W>i7& 8vo, . • • T
Andreae' (J. G. Reinh.) Briefe aus der,
.Schweitz. Zurch. und Winter^Lur4 1776^,
"' gr. '4to.
Bernoulli, Lettres fur difFejrens fujcts, vide.
Francs,
*.. >T Bo,

» J T , ...
••' Vb. vide- AvgTki%:' ' ¦' : ¦'"'
Bjsscjn, manuel pour les, fa vans'" & les' ttirieux,
.... 41" yoyagent' en Suiffe. ' A Bern^ i^S6^
ovo. II torn.
JSessoni's mineralogifche Reife unci Beobaeh
tungen Uber" die Geburge der Schweitz :
Aiis dem Fran2dfifchen uberfetzt. Bern,
1782, 8vo. ,A '.'"' !' -'¦'
BjoernstaehLj vide Constantinople,,
Blainville, vide do,
Bourrit, vide Alps,
Bo y i e , vide Franc £.
Breval, vide Alsace.
Burde, vide Italy.
By r net, vide France,
Briefe eines Sachfen, vide Le"ipzig?
Briefe einer reiferideri fjarrie aiis der Schweitz^,
Frankf. und' Leipzig, tj^S, 1787, 8vo. .
VOxe's (Will.) Sketches of the natural, civil,
and political ftate of Switzerland. London,
1779. i78o,gr..8vQ.
The fame tranfiated^ into German. Zurchq.17%1,
. gr. 8yq. . , - •
Do. into French. 4- Paris, 1780, 8vo.
^ojce's (M. \^.) Lettres fur I'etat politique
. civil, &. natur el ,de|a, Suiffe. ,A Paris &
Liufanne, 17^7, 12'mo. If torn',
p** * voyage hiftorique,, .vide Germany.
$an;he.buchi (Arm 1 nio) relazione del .paefe
••¦; -' : • ¦¦ --'...¦ v f 4,

t m )
Ac' Svizzeri e loro alleati. ¦ In Vejjef ia,
.1708, 8vo. t
JJj^Eionnairc geographique, hiftorique,. & poN
litfque de la Suiffe. Nouvelte edition, cor
pse ^ augmentee .avec la grande carte
de la Suiffe de Rob. de Vaugondi. A Ge-
peve & Laufanne, 1776^ 8vo. II tpm.
Gerken, vide Bavaria,
_  - vide Swabia, r
Grasseri itinerarium, vide Italy.
Cruder (Gottl. Jsigm.) Eifberge de?
Schweitzerlandes. Bern, 1760, 8vo. Ill
torn.
Thi; fame tranfiated into French, by M. Kera-
lio. A Paris, 1770, gr. .410.
.-..-.- Naturgefchichte Helvetiens in def
. altenWelt. Bern, 1757, gr. 8yo.
Gualandris, vide England.
Halleri (Alb.) iter Helveticum anni 1739s
& iter Hercynium anni 1738. Gotting.
1740, 4to.
HandbjichL.fur Reifende durch die Schweitz.
* ' Bern, 1777, 8vo. II Th.
Heidegg^ri differtatio ,de peregrinationibus
religiofis, vide Compostella.
Hirschield (Christ. CAjusLoRENz)Briefe
die Schweitz betreffend, Leipzig, f77^j
8vo. t w
.. .'  Neue Briefe iibqr die Schweitz..
Kiel 1785, 8vo. iter Heft$ m. VIIKart."
P#9?

f ?S3 )
[iftorifche, geographifche, und phylicajifcha
Befchreibung des S.chweitzerlandes
Keyssler, vide Bohemia.
Laborde (de) & Zdrlanden (Bar. de)
tableaux topographiques, pittorefques, hif
toriques, moraux, politiques, litteraires de la
Suifle. A Parish 1777, 1780, gr. fol. torn Ii
U etat & les delfces de la Suiffe en forme de
,. .relation critique par plufieurs auteurs ce?
lebres. A Leide, 1714, i2mo. IV torn.
A Paris, 1776, i2mo. IV torn.
Lettres fur la Suiffe. A Earis, 1783, 8vp. II
t,om.
Luc (J. A- pe) Lettres fur les montagnes de
la Suiffe. A la Haye, 1778, 8vo.
M { J Reflexions on Dr. Burnet'*
travels, vide France.
„M. (C. D, S.) vide Alsace.
M. (C, P. D.) vide England,
Mayer (de) voyage en Suiffe en 1784, 17863
8vp. I torn.
JMeiners (Christoph,) Briefe iiber die
Schweitz. Berlin, 1784, 1785, gr. ,8vpr
sTh.
^Ieisters (Leonh.) Kleine Reifen durph
einige Schweitzer Cantons. Bafil, 1782,*
Svo,
|#erkwiifdige Profpe&e auf den Schweitzep Gebiirgen

Cdbfirgferr Ac/ Bern 177S,' gr. foL ini|
loiltafn. 'KupferW.
Montagne (MlCHi DE).:*eife Ital*. ¦'<¦"• •'
Thefame tranfiated. into- Gerjuan, ..Hqff, 47317J
8vo. . .., . t
MpoRj;^ c&fc France.
MftLLEj 1 (Ch msT. Henr.) itkeris fui in Heir
, vetiam fafti commentarii, Fridericoftadiiy
1769, 4to.
STerini (F. M.} Iter Subafpipum. Franco?. &,
Lips. 1754,' #vo.
Nicolai, (Frid.) "vide Germany,
©ede#, -aids En-gland. ...
Patin, vide Bohemia.
1*1 eat f, vide E'o-ro'p'e. ' -
Platiere, vide'trAft.
PacoCKE-, vide Archipelago.
Randolf, vide Denmark.
R * * * (de la) Voyage" cPur! amateur, vidf
Flanders.*'
REbou'Let, & Br un ("la)- Voyage de Suiffe,
en 12 lettres. A la Have," 1686", i6mb. II
*¦¦¦ part.' 
Reifen' durch die merkwurctigften Gegendeij
Helvetiens. London, 1778^ II "Th.
Reife eines Ofliciers, vide' Italy.
Reifen in verlcHedene Lander von "Eufopa,
vide Europe,
Roche (Frau von la) Tagefiuch einer

\ H5- )••
^. Jleife dufeh. die , Schweitz. • Alteabus-g,
1787,8^0.
Rp.DES YE.L LlJjt.BERG, vide EnG.LAND.
RjWfHAT (Gottl. pjj fotu.sk yam de (G.j
"Kypselen: Etat & delices de Suiffe^ &c.
_ A. Amft. 1-73.0,- gr. i2mp, ,4 torn. A N.eu£>»
-„. fhate1' *77?» 4tO.
i. . -  Uber ; das intereffante fte aus de*
Schweifz, Aus de-ra Franzofifchen iiber-,
fetzt? befachtiget, und y,err*ieh-rt .yon Ul
rich. Leipzig, 1777— 1778^, *2mo,, IV
SaltzmanVs Bieftafche, tre& France.
ScHEycHzgRi hiftpriae naturalis JIeJvetiaj&
prolegomena, Tigur. .1700, 4tQ. f .,
-----itineris Alpini defcriptio. Lugd. BaU^
.- 723-.. ,,1'uti;..., .-.., -; ,.l ^1 ¦;/.'--. ,
Thefame tranfiated into German. Zurch., 1.718
4 to. Ill Th. Do; 1746, ,4,toy H Th. .-.,¦?
Schjjuchzer'sQo.h. Jac,) Befchreibung &er_
Elementen, Grejitzcn, und; Bergen. deS
gchweitzeriandes, iter. Th- Zurch, 1716.
.... Befchreibung der Seen^Fluffcn, B*un-
neri, wa'rmen und kalte.n Bad.ero, nn(L
andern.. mineral, Waffern des Schweitzer- -
landes, _2ter. Th. der Naturgefchicht des,-
, - Sch-weitzerlandes. Zurch, 1717, 4 to. ./
- - - - Befchreibung d.er Luft-gefehichten, Mc-
. -:_ Jallen, und Mwejalicn, abfonderlich auck, der

det?' tfherbleibfeJri det Sundfluth, cter $tei
Th. Zurch, 1718, 410.
ScHiNfz (Hans) Beytrage zu'rnahern kertnt-*
huTs des Scrfv/eitzerlandes. ZuTch, 1783^"
8vo.
SCHlNfZ (SAlPM'O'n) Differtatione's phyficae
de itineribus per Helvetian! cum fru£Eu fa-
cieridis. Tigur, 1782,1783,410.
Sinners (de) Voyage hiftorique' & litteraire
de la Suiffe Occidentals A Neufehateljj
' - 17*82; 8vo. II font;
The fame translated into Germarti Leipzg", 1782$
8vo,TI Bdnde
S¥akianvs (ABR)Acfcouht of Swifferland writ-'
ten in 1714. Bdinb; 1756, 8vo.
»*- . i  "(AMBASSADEUR d' 'AnCLETERRE*}
Etat de la Suiffe. A Amfterdaift, 17141,
t " 8V0;
Sulzer, vide Al saCS.
.-«.»...-. Befchreibung d"er Merkwiirdigfeei-"'
ten, die ef- in einer 1742 gemachtert Reife
durch einige Oerterdes Schweitzerlandes
beob'achtet hat. Zurch, 1743,- 4to.
Sulzer, tiidt Europe.
Viatorium Germaniae, We German^
Voyage hiftorique de Suiffe, vide Do.
Wagneri (Joh. Jac) Hiftoria naturalis Hel*
vetiae curiofa. Tiguri. 1680. I2m0.
»...-. Mercurius' Helvetieus ffirfteltend die
Denck

f 257 J
denck — fchauwiirdigften Sachen und SeU .
tenhetein der Eidgenoffenchaft. Zurch,
1701, i2mo.
Wittenbach (Joh. Sam) Beytrage zur Na«
turgefehichte des Schweitzerlandes, &c
Bern, 1775, gr. 8vo. 1 Band, 2 ftuck,
Zapf, vide Bavaria.
Do* vide Swab 1 a
Zurlanden & Laborde, vide Supra La-
sor.de.
TARTARY.
Avril, vide Europe.
Befchreibung einer Reife eines Polnifcherl
Bothfchafters, vide Constantinople.
Bergeron (Pierre) Relation des voyages en
Tartarie de (Guil) de Rubriqueis (Jean de)
« PlanCarpin, (Fr.) Afcelin (a 1 246) & au-
tres religieux, Sec. A Paris/1734, 8vo.
Broniovii defcriptio, vide Moldavia.
Bruce, vide Germany.
Brussii (Guil) diarium de Tartaris. Colo«
niae, 1595, fol.
Chromer, vide Hungary1.
Cook, vide Russia.
Hakluyt, wie Anglesey.
Herberstein,- vide Russia.
Kleemann, vide Archipelago.
"MofRAVE. vide Crim, K k -Neueftfir

( 253 >
Neueftef Staat von Cafan ; Aftracan, Georgien,
und vielen andem dem Czaaren, Sultan,
undSchah zinfbahren und unterthanen Tar-
tarn, Landfehaften, und Provihtzen.
Nurnberg, 1723, 8vo.
Olearius, vide Russia.
Paulus Venetus (Marcus) de regionibus.
Aceedit Haithoni Arameni hiftoria orienta-
tis, quae Se de Tartaris inferibitur. Item
que Mullen (And) de Chataja difquifitio;
Colon, Brandenb, 1671. 4to. ,
The fame tranfiated into Dutch. Amfierdam}
1664,410.
Do. into German, (by Hier. Megiffcro*) Leipzig^
i6n, 8vo.w». K.
Quir (Franc. Ferd.) Narratio de Terra
Auftrali incognita, & de terra Samojeda-
rum, &c. in Tartaria, Amft. 1613, 4to.
Recueil de divers voyages curieux en Tartaric,
&c. A Leide, 1723,. 4to. II vol.
Russia itemclue Tartaria, vide Russia.
Schildberg's, Gefangenfchaft in der Turkey,
Frankf. 1557, 4to.
Staat der gefammteri Tartarey in den aken und
neuen bewahrteften Zeiten aus den be-
wahrteften Nachrichten geaogen. Reval
und Leipzig, 1780, 8vo.
STRAIILENiiERG, Vide R U S S I A,
Siruys^ vide Greece.
The*

ft *59 ))
Thevenot (N. M. de) Relation -de divers
voyages curieux. A Paris, 1696, fol. IV
part.
TOTT, vide Cb-NSTANTINOTLE.
Ulfeldu legatio, vide Russia..
-Veer, vide Norway.
Witsen's (Nic.) Noord en Ooft Tartarye*
Amfterdam, 1705. fol, II deel.
T E M E S W A R.
jBorn (Ignatz. von) vide Hungary,
Griselini, vide Carinthia. v ,
Sulzer, vide Alsace.
TENERIFFE,
Kindersley's (Miss) letters from the -ifland
of Teneriffe, Sec. London, 1777.
(f The fame tranfiated into German, Leipz, 1 777,
8,vo,
T H E S S A L Y,
Brown, vide Austria. i
T H R A C I A.
B/.OUHT, vide Dalmatia.
C K k 2 Pocopas,

( 2$© 7
"foCOCKE, Vide ARCHIPELAGOi
TIROL.
Breval, vide Alsace.
^Hacquet's (B.) mineralogifch-botanifehe Reifn
von dem Berge Terglou in Krain zu dem
Berge Clockner in Tirol, im Jahre 1779
und 1781. Wien, 1784, 8vo. m. IV K.
Hermann, vide Austria.
Walcher's (Jos.) Nachrichten von den Eis-
besgen in Tirol. Wienn und Leipz. 1773.
8vo.
TRANSYLVANIA.
Bbnkoe (Joseph) Tranfylvania. Viennao
1778. Tom. I. & II.
Born, vide Hungary.
Eran-cisci (T.) Differtatio de memorabiKbu*
Tranfylvaniae. Witteb. 1690, 4to.-
Lehman (Jos.) vide Hermanstadt.
Possev.inii.Mo.Scovia, vide Russia.
Sulzer, vide Alsace,
TRIESTE.

Griselini, vide Carinthia.
Kleemann, vide Archipelago.

TURIN.

< *to )
TURIN;
itER, vide Amsterdam.
TURKEY.
ilae Turcicae Othomannieique imperii .de*
fcriptio. Bafil, 1573, 8vo,
oernstaehl, vide Constantinople.
iuining von Buchenbach, Reife in die
Turkey, in Europa fowohl, als Afia und
Africa. Strafburg, 1712, fol.
ivce, vide Germany.
jsbequii (Augerii Gislenii) Legationis
Turcicae epiftolae. Antwerp, 1595, 8vo.
Monachii. 1620, 8vo. Leipzig, 1688,
J2mO:
Tranfiated into German. Franckf. 1696, 8vp,
Do. into Englifh. London, 1694, Svo. J 741,
8vo.
Tranfiated into French, A Paris, 1748, i2mo,
III torn.
fiisHULL? voyage into Turkey. London,
*747-
jssinello's (Pet.) Hiftorifche Nachrichten
von der Regierungs-Art, den Sitten und Ce-

( 2*2 )
Gewohnheiten der Ottomarmifchert Mo
narchic Leipzig, 1778, 8vo.
Clenard-i epiftola de rebus Muhammeiicis,
Lovanii, 1551, 8vp. Hanov. 1606, 8vq,
Croix (de la) Memoires concernant diverfes
relations tres curieufes de 1' Empire Otto
man, A Paris-, 1684, 8vo. II vol.
Die Reifen des Orients. Aus dem Engl. Wurtz-
burg, 1779, fol.
DteiEscHir (Gerh. Corn) Hiftoria magnae
legationis Caefareae, quam Caroli VI aufr
piciis fufcepit Comes Damianus Hugo
Virmontius ad Portarn Othomamricam.
Viennae, 1721, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into German. Nurnberg;
*72-3,£n \to.
Epiftolae duae, quarum altera de moribus ac
rnftitutis Turcarum agit, altera fcptem
Afiae ecclefiarum notitiam continet. 0?-
anv 1672, j2mp.
Febure (Mich.) Etat prefent de la Tujquier
A Parisj 1675, 8vo.
Ft OR 1, Navigazioni e vjaggi neila Turchia,
Anveras, 1576, 4to.
Gaeeand, Recueil des rits, & ceremonies da
pelerinage de la Mecque, auquel on a
joint divers ecrits relatifs a la religion,
aux fciences, & aux moeurs des Turcs.
A Paris

A Paris, 1754, umo. A Amfterdam, *754<
lima.
Translated into German. Nurnberg, 1757, 8vo.
Gemelli Carreri, vide Barcelona.
Giorgiewitz ( ) De Turcarum moribus
Lugd, 1555, lamo. Genev. 1598, *6mai
Guer ( ) Moeurs & ufages des Tures^
leur religion, leur gouverneme'nt civil, mili"
taire, & politique. A Amfterdam, 17 47^
4to. II torn.
Guys, vide Greece.
Hackluyt, vide Anglesey.
Habesci (Elias) Prefent ftate of the Ottoman
Empire, from the French manufcript. Lon
don, 1 784,- 8vo.
Translated into German. Lubeck, 1785, 8vo.
Hill (Aaron) Full and juft account of\ the!
prefent ftate of the Ottoman Empire in all
its branches. London, 1735, fol.
-.-  A general hiftory of the Ottoman em-"
pire. London, 1740, fo'l.
Hiftoire critique de la creance & des -cosat-umes
des nations du Levant, publiee par le Si*
de Mont. A Frankf. 1684, ismo.
Hoppelh thefaurus exoticorum, vide Hun
gary.
Josten, vide Austria,
Libellus de ritu & moribus TuTcarum ante
LXX annos editus : Cum praefatione JVU
Lutheri. Witteb, 1530. 8vo« Lw<CAS

( *84 )
LtJcUs, Hide Greece.
Luedecke (Christ Wilh) Glauhwufdige*
Nach rich teri von dem Turkifchen Reich.
Leipz, 177c, 8vo.
* *  Do. unter dem Titel : Befchreibung'
des Turkifchen Reiehs- naeh feiner Reli
gions und Staats Verfaffung in der letzterif
Hiilfte des i8te"n Jahrhunde'rts. Leipzig,
,. 1780; 8\yo*
Macni (Corn) Viaggio per la Ture hia nei an
ni 1672, 1673. Bologna, 1685, i2mo,
" -  Quanto di piu curiofo e vago- ha pota
to raccorre" nel primo bienno 1672, 16737
Bologna, 1685, i2mo.
Melton (Ed) Zee en land reifen door Egyp-
ten, Turkien, &c, 1660 — 1667. Amfter.
1681, 4tc>.
Menairno (Geo. Ant) i coftumi, e la vita-
de' Turchi, con nna prophetia, ed altre
cofe Turchefche tradotte per (Lud) Do*
menichi. In Firenze,- 1551-, 8vo.
Mont [Bv)'vide France.
MoWtalbanus (Jo. Bapt) De moribus" Tur
carum. Roniae, 1636, 8vo,
Mo-traye, vide Crim.
Nicolai (Nic de) Difcours & hiftoire verita*
ble des navigations, peregrinations, & voy
ages faits en Turquie en 1550. A Anvers,
1&86, 4 to. Tanflated

( <fl5'J
„" Translated into German, Nurnberg;' i^2j fol,
, Do into Italian. In Venez. 1580, fol. ;
Obiervations on the religion, laws, government,
arid manners Of the Turks. London^
1768, i2md.
Otter ( ) Voyage en Turquiei ' A Paris,
1748, gr. i2mo, II vol.
" The fame tranfiated into German. Nurnberg,
1781, gr. 8vo. IterTh.
Peregrini (B. G.) De Turcarum moribus epi
tome. ' Lugd. Bat. 1552, i2iho.
^Iczeri (Jo) De Turcarum irioribns libellus.
Hanover, 1686, iamb.
Porter's obfervations ori the religion^ law$
gbvernment artd manners of the Turks,
1 London, 1768, i2mo. II vol. .
The fame tranfiated into French, by Bergiit^
A Neufchatel, 1770; i2mo.
~ Do. into German. Leipzig, 1768, 8vO.
R. (D. L.) Memoires conteriants fes voyages
en Turquie. A la Haye, 1749, i2mo.
Ricaut's (Paul) Hiftoryofthe prefent ftateof
the Ottdman empire. London, - 1689, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into French, by Prioi. A Pa
ris, 1676, 4to. Do. 1671, i2nlo. IltOm,
Do. by Pefpier. A Rouen, 1677, i2mo. II
torn, i
- Do. into Dutchi Amft. 1 670, 4to.
Do. into Italian, InBghgne, 1674, i-amo* Do» •
i, in Venezia, 1677, 4to.
L 1 Da.

( 266 fa
• D. kaTheafro Europeo. Do, in der ef§£»
ncten Ottomannifche'n Pforte. Augfb, 1694^
, 4to-
RqcjuE (de la) Memoires conten'ans des voy
ages en Turquie. A la Haye, 1754, i2mo«
II vol,
Rosaccio (Gius) Viaggio da Venezia a C on-
ftantinopoli per mare, e per terra, See. In
Venezia, 1598, 4to.
Sandy, vide Greece.
Sapienza. vide Constantinople,
SaviourLusignan tranfiated from the Fnglifki
Leipzig, 1784, 8vo.
Schild.berger, vide Tartary.
Schmid's (N.) Funfjahrige Gefangenfehaffe
unter den Turken. Drefden, 1635, 4to<
Seidel, vide Constantinople.
J&stini, vide Sicilia.
Smithii (Thom) De moribus ac inftitvtis
Turcarum, Oxonii, 1-674,- 8vo»-
Sommer's, vide Archipelago.
Span&igino (Tkeod.) Origine e coftumi d^
Turchi. In, purenz. 1551, 8vo.
Stoeveri (Jp?. Herm,) Hiftorifch ftatif
tifehe Befchreibung des Qfmanrafchen
lleichs, Hamb. ^784, 8yo.
Strasburgii (Paul) Relatio de Byzantino,
itinere, . as negotiis in Ofctomannica aul a
penafitis i i&33» 4*o* Stsuysj,

( ^7 J
•8"fRuvs, vide Greece. /
Tableau de 1' ernpire Ottoman. A Frankf.
1757.
Tafferner (Paul) Ambaffade a la porte Ot-
tomanrie ordonnee par L' Empereur Leo
pold I. A Vienne, 1672 i2mo.
Tavernier (Jean Bapt.) Six voyages eh
Turquie, &c, A Paris, 1724, I2m0. VI
vol.
Thefame tranfiated into German. Nurnberg, 1681,
, fol. Ill Th. Cenf. 1781, fol. Ill Th.
Do. into Englifh. London, fol. »
Do. into Italian. In Roma, 1682, 4to. II vol,
Thompson's travels, vide France.
Tott, vide Constantinople.
Tra£Eatus de Turds. Norimb. 1481, 4to.
Traftatus Is ritu, ac moribtis TurcaTiim. Leip#<'
1488, 4to.
Tra£Eatus de aioribus Se inftitutis fpurcifiimis
Turcarum, Sec. 1514, 410.
Turken Chronicke, Glaube, Gefetze Se Sitten,
von einem Sie'benburger. Zwickau, 1530
4to.
Valle (Piet. della) Viaggi in Turchia^
Sec. In Roma, 1663, 4to. IV torn.
The fame translated into French, A Paris, i-G6t
4to, IV torn. M. aAmfi. i66t5K8vo. VIII toms.
Do. into Dutch, A Amfterd. 1665, 410. VI
deel.
Pa, into German, Cenf. 1674,'fol, IV Th.
LU Voyage

[ «68 )
Voyage d' un miffionaire de la Compagnie d£.
Jefus en Turquie, &c, A Paris, 1730, J

TUSCANY,
A fhort account of a late journey to Tufcany,"
Rome, and other parts of Italy, London,
1741, 8vo.
Targioni Tozetti (Gio. ANT.)RelazionI!
d'( alcunj viaggi fatti in diverfe -parti della
Tofcana per offervare le produzioni natu».
.'. rali, e gli antichi monumenti di effa. In
Firenzg, 1751, 1754, 8vo. XII torn.
Ediz,. II con copiofe giunte. Do.
1.768, 1779, 8vo. XII, om. e. f.
-.%  .Prodromo della corografia e della topo*
grafia fifica della Tofcana. In Firenze^
; J-754, 8vp,

c UKRAINE.'
Bardili, vide Germany.
Beatjplan, vide Crim.
Hammard, vide Silesia.
MarshallvcI Hill, vide Denmark. UP-

( *«9 ) s
UPLAND.
Rudbeck, vide Ange rman land,
VALLENGIN.
Bernoulli's ( ) Sammlung kurtzer Reife*
befchreibungen, Sec. Berlin^ 1783, 8vo.
Bertrand, vide Neufchatel.
Oetcrwald, vide Do*
V E L A I. "
Faujas de St. Fond, videL.A$:GVEDO<£,
VENICE,
Abler, vide Amsterdam.
Barbaro, vide Italy.
Bellin, vide Morea.
Cotonii (Joan) itinerarium Hierofolimitir-
num Se Syriaeum anno 1598, acceffit fy.
nopfis reipublicae Venetae. Ant, 161 g»
4to. , ,
Griselini, vide Carinthia.
Pirks ( ) Itinerarium per ditionem Veneto-
rum, 8vo. Rx*.

f 276 j
Rosaccio", vide Turkey.
Stridbecks (Joh) Curiofer Reifegefahrte voVi
Augfburg nach Venedig. In Chartertj
Abriffen und Tabellen. Augfb. 4to.
Viaggj d'un uomo qualificatoj vide England:
VERSAILLES.
Saugrain^ vide St. Cloud.

VESUVIUS.
Bulifon(Ant.) Compendio iftorico del mdnfe
Vefuvio. Napoli, 1698, 8vo.
C6lin1 (Cosmus) Betrachtungen fiber die Vul-
canifchen Berge nebft einer Tabelle uber
die Geburge, Drefden. 1 783, 4to,
Giuliani (Gio. Ber) Trattato del monte Ve
fuvio, e de' fubi incendj. In Napoli. 1732^
4td.
Hamilton (Sir Wm.) sUi!.£tka Mount.
l  Supplement to the Campi Phlegraei :
being ari account of the great eruption of
Mount Vefuvius of Auguft, 1779.
Hiftoire du mont Vefuve avec P explication des
phenomenes qui ont coutume d' accompag^
ner les embrafemens de cette montagne. A
Paris, 1741 j 8vo, Me-»

( a7» )
Mecatti (Gius Maria) Racconto iftorico-
filofofico del Vefuvio. In Napoli, 17544
4to.
Paragalio (Gasp) Iftoria naturale del Monte
Vefuvio divifa in due librL In Napolti
1705, 4to.
Phyficalifche Briefe uber den Vefuv, und die
Gegend von Neapolis, Leipzig, 1785, 8va,
Quinones (Jtjan.de) El monte Vefuvio. Ma
drid 1632, 4to.
Sorretini (Ign) iftoria del Vefuvio. In Ro
ma, 1734.
Torre (Giov. M^ria de ia) Storia e feno-
sseni del Vefuvio. In Napoli, 1755, 1.768,
4to.
, The fame tranfiated into French.. A Paris.,
1776, 8yo»
Do. into German, with Additions, by Lentim, AU
tenburg., 1 783, gr. Syo.
Vetrani (Ant.) Prodromo Vefuviano, Set.
in cui oltre al nome, origine, antichita,
prima fermentazione, ed eruzione- del Ve
fuvio fi propongono le caut-ele da ufarfi
in tempo degli incendj, Sec. In Napoiij
1780, 8vo.

VI EN-

C 472 )

VIENNA.
Adler, vide Amsterdam.
Bernoulli's Sammliirig' lgter und ^ter"
Band, vide Austria,
Burney, vide Bohemia.
Din i (Joseph) Vollftandiges Tagebuch voir
^ der. Reife Pius VI nach Wienn. Brefkrr/,
1783, 8vo.
Fabri, videFtiAN-bti
Gotsched (Joh. Christ.) Singular ia Vindo-
bonenfta. Lips^i75ds 4to.
.Gusta (Franc.) Viaggi de Papi'j aggiuntovi
un ragguaglio del viaggio del regnante
Pid-VI a Vienrta. In FirenZe, 1782, 8vo.
Kleemann, vide Archipelago.
-rficoLAi (Frid.) Befchreibung einer Reife,
Sec. Berlin, 1784, 3ter und 4ter Th.
. Reife von Wienn, vide B e r l i n .
-Seidelj vide Constantinople*
Sherlock, vide Berlin,
Tollii, vide Berlin*

WALLACHIA.
Bauer (de) Memoires hiftoriques & geogra-*
phiques de la Valachie avec un profpe£EuS
d'u/h atlas geographique & militaire de la
demiere

( *73 )
derriiere guerre entre la Ruffle & la porte
Ottomanne. Frankf. 1778, 8vo.
Carra-, vide Moldavia.
Su lzer, vide Do.
W A L E S4
Bernoulli^ vide Austria,
Brome, vide England.
Childrey, vide Do.
Cradock's account of fome of the moft ro--
mantic parts of North Wales. London,
1777, 8vo.
Defcription of all the counties, vide England,
England illuftrated, vide Do.
Giraldi (Sylv.) Itinerarium Cambriae, feu
laboriofae Balduini Centauri Archiepifcopi
per Walliam Jegationis anno 1188 facEae
accurata defcriptio ; cum annotationibus
D. Powell. London 1585^ 8vo.
Martin, vide England.
Moll, vide Do.
Obfervations made during a t6ur$ vide Do.
Pennant's (ThoIm.) toiir in Wales. London^
1778, 1783, gr. 4to. II vol.
Roger, vide England. I
SuLIVAN, fl'ofcEDINBURGH.
The modern univerfal Britifh traveller, vide
England* M m The

( *74 )
A month's tour in Wales, vide Dublin.
Wynham's (Henry Penruddoke) touf
through Monmouthfhire and Wales. Lon*
don, 1781, 4to.
Young, vide England.
WARWICKSHIRE.
Ducdale's antiquities of Warwickfhire. Lon
don, 1656, fol.
Sketch of a tour, vide Bedfordshire.
WATERFORD.
Smith's (C.) ancient and prefent ftate ofthe
county of Waterford. Dublin, 1746, 4to.
WAYGAt's straits.
HACKLUY-i-, vide Anglesey.
Verhaal van de eerfte Scheepvaairtdoor Waygats,
t' Amfterd. 1650, 4to.
<f
WEIMAR.
Neue Reifebemerkungen, vide B e r l i n*1
Tagebuch einer Reife, vide Gotha.
Voigt (L C. W.) Mineralogifche Reifen durck
•* das

C *75 }
das Hertzogthum Weimar und Eifenach,
Deffau. 1782, 8vo. I Th.
Will, vide Altdorf,

WESTMORELAND,
Ehrenmalm's Reife durch Weftmoreland
in der Bibjiothek der neueften Reifebe-
fchreibungen. Frankf. & Leipz. 1789,
1782, 8vo. V Bande.
Nicolson, vide Cumberland,
Robison, vide Do.

WESTPHALIA,
Bernoulli, vide Austria.
Neue Reifebemerkungen in und iiber Deutfch*
land, vide Berlin.
Tagebuch einer Reife, vide Gotha
WIGHT (ISLE OF)
Sturch's (John) view of the Ifland of Wight,
London, 1778, 8vo.
The fame tranfiated into German. Leipz. 1781, I
8vo:
Worsley's hiftory of the Ifland of Wight,
London, 1781, 410.
M m 2 W U R-

f 276 •}

WURTEMBERG,
Casini de Thury. vide Austria:
Wekherlin, vide Do.

YORKSHIRE.
A. tour to the caves in the environs of Ingle?
D0rough? &c. London, 1780, 8vo.

Y V I C A.
Campbell, wate Forme ntera. -t
Z A N T E,
Dapper, vide Cefalonia,
ZURCH, LAKE OF
Escher (Joh. ERH)Be.fchreibuug desZurche^
See. Zurch, 1692, 8,vo.

APPENDIX, TO t H s
J.IST of WORKS,
IITT tSBED TOR
The Inftruftion and Benefit of Travellers.

i
BROWAL (J) de emolumento ex itinere per
prpvincias patriae inftitutof Aboae,ri749,
4to.
Goetzii (Georg. Henr) ecloga de percgri
nationibus eruditionis Oriental-is caufa fuf-
ceptis. Lubec, 1716, 410.
Koehler(Joh.Dav.) Anweifung furreifendfe
Gelehrte, Bibliotheken, MiinU Cabinetten,
Naturalien, und andere Sammlungen mit
Nutzen zu befehen. Frankf. und Leipzig,
1762, 8vo,
Sa (Jose Ant. de) compendio de obfervacoens,
que formao o piano da viagem politica e filo-
fofica, que fe deve fazer dentro da patria.
Lifboa, 1783, 8vo. Ill torn.
yorurtheile der Deutfchen bey Aritretung ihre£
Rfijfe in aufwartige Lander,
A??E^

A P P E . N D I X,
TO T H X
.EUROPEAN TRAVELS.
 »— *m>^*i  : 
/
ARCHIPELAGO.
Boschini (Marco) Arcipelago con tutte-
1'e ifole, fcoglj, fechi, e baffi fondi, Sue.
1 In Venezia, 1658, 4 to.
AUSTRIA.
M. (C. F.) Anmerkungen fiber die naturliche
Befchaffenheit der Kais. Konigl. Erblan-
der. Augfb. 1763,. 8 vo.
BANNAT of TEMESWAR. V
Grlsellni (F.) Verfuch einer politifchen untjr
natiirlichen Gefchichte des Temefwarer
Bannats. Wienn. 1780, 410. II Th.
BUR-

( *?9 )

B U R G U N D Y*

Bequ i l let, defcription generale & particulier*
du duche de Bourgogne. A Dijon, 1.775,
8vo.

DENMARK.
Raupach (Bern) de utilitate peregrinationis
Daniae. Kilon. 1712. 4to. ,

ENGLAND.
Blanc's (Le) Letters ofthe French and Eng
lifh nations, London, i747,8vo.
Boccage (Mad.de) Lettres, vide England*
This work is alfo tranfiated into Englifh. London,
1770, 8vo. II vol.
Do. into German. Drefden,, 1 776, 8 vo.

F L A N D E R S.
Payen, vide Brabant.
Pococks vide Archipelago,

FRIES-

( *$o )

FRIESLAND;
SidERD (Focke) hiftorifche jaerboeken vdfi
Oud & Nieuw Friefland. Leward, 1 769;

GERMANY;
En's deliciae Germaniae; Colon, i6i2$
8vo.
Sylvii (Aeneae) de ritu, fitu, moribus, &
conditione Teutoniae defcriptio. Lips.
1496^ 4to;
GREENLAND*
jKitehn, vide Canary Islands*
HUNGARY.
B. (du) Lettres furies Hongrois. Amft. 1748,1
8vcC
I T A L Yi
Eichhofii (Cyp.) Deliciae Italiae. Urfellis^
1603, 4to. Eislings

( 28i )
Eisling (Chri-stoph.) Breviarium itineris
Italiae. Norimb. 1664, 4to.
Elveri deliciae, vide England.
Magini (Giov, Ant.) L' Italia defcritta. In
Bologna. 1620, fol.
MINORCA.
Passerat (Cl.Fr.) reflexions ¦ generates furl'
ifle de Minorque, fon climat, la maniere de
vivre de fes habitants, & les maladies, qui
y regnenU AParis, 1764, 8vo.
Netherlands.
Hoen, vide England.
NORTH SEA.
Muller, vide Icy Sea*
NORWAY. ,
Hermannidae, vide Denmark.
Holk (H.) Norfk vegvifer for veyfende. Kio-»
bcnh 1774, 12 mo, N n Pow

f S82 )
Potttoppidan, vide Norway.
Thefame tranfiated into German by Scheilten. Kg*
penh. 1754, 8vo. II Th.
Do,., into Englifh. London, 1755, foL

ROME.
Fa e der 1 (J*) Feriae Viadrinae. Stettin^
1652, 8vo-

RUSSIA,
Haven (Pehr) Reife til Rufsland. Ciop. 1744,
 .-._- Nye og forbedrede efderratninger
om det Ruffifke Rige. Ciop. 1747, 8vo. H
Deelen.
•  Reife in Rufsland, nebft einem Aar
hang. Copenh. 1744, 8vo.

SAXONY.
Effais d' economic politique, &c. A Bale,
1786, 4to,
Do. tranfiated into German. Leipzig, 1786,
4to,

SCOT-

( ?83 )
SCOTLAND.
Pennant, vide PIe brides,
SWITZERLAND.
M. ** Lettres ecrites de Suiffe, vide Italy.
TUSCANY.
Tozetti's (D. J. T.) Reifen durch verfehie
dene Gegenden, von Tofcana, in einem
Aufzug von Iagemann, Leipz. 1787, 8vo,
II Th,

f rirteJby W. Chalklen, No, 49, GracecharctSStrect, 4.

YALE UNIVERSITY 1

3 9002 01460 9896