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YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

Note, — When I was preparing the paper on " Military Operations
at Quebec, in 1159-60," since published in the " Transactions" of the
Society, I was in correspondence with Dr, Akins, Commissioner of
Records, Halifax, N, S., who, in transmitting me, from the Archives
of Nova Scotia, a copy of Murray's letter to Pitt, of 25th May, 1760^
directed my attention to the desirableness of procuring, from the
English Record Office, a copy of his "Journal of the Siege," to which
he refers in his letter, and which, he says, " sets forth, in full, what
was done," Acting on this hint, I had a conversation with the Hon.
Joseph Howe, who promised me his aid in the matter. Subsequently,
at the suggestion of Mr, Howe, who had consulted Mr, Todd, the
Librarian at Ottawa, I addressed a letter to Sir Thomas Hardy, of
the Public Record 0£Sce, London, and in due course received the
following reply : " "Public Eecoed Office, lith March, 1871.
" SiB,T— I am directed by Sir Thomas Hardy to inform you, in answer to
your letter to hini of the 20th ultimo, that, after a very troublesome search,
General Murray's Journal of the Siege of Quebec, A. 'D. 1160, has been
found among the papers preserved in this office. He also desires me to say,
that if you will empower some one to make a copy for you, he will be happy
to allovr access to the document in question,
"The Journal is one of considerable length, and if copied offtdally would
put you to some expense. Had it beeu otherwise— that is to say, had tho
document been a short one — Sir Thomas would have had much pleasure in
causing you to be supplied with a transcript without any charge.
" 1 am, Sir, your obedient servant, "Alfred Kingston.
"W, J, Anderson, Esq.,
" Quebec, etc."
Availing myself of the very courteous offer of Sir Thomas, I secured
the services of my friend, Mr. Ralph Heap, of Lincoln's Inn who
engaged with great zeal in the matter, and in a short time transmitted
to me, fret of any charge, the desired transcript, informing me at the
same time, that it had been iinogieially copied, through the kindness
of Mr, Kingston, who had also had it verified. It has thus reached
the Society free of chaige, and is now published by it, in accordance
with the rule, " without note or comment,"
Library, Literart and Historical Society,
Quebec, IZth July, 1871.

GOVERNOR IMURRAY'S
JOURNAL OF QUEBEC.
From i8th September, 1759, '^<^ 25TH May, 1760.
PUBLIC RECORD OFFICE,
AMERICA AND WEST INDIES, Vol. 99.
1759-
Sept, ISth. — This day (fruits of the victory gained by the
British forces over the French army on the 13th instant)
Quebec, the capital of Canada, surrendered upon honourable
terms ; and Lt.-Col. Murray took possession of the gates with
three companies of grenadiers.
1 9th. — This day I marched into town, or, more properly,
the ruins of it, with the battalions of Amherst, Bragg,
and Otway,
20tt. — The French garrison, having surrendered their arms,
embarked on board the vessels appointed to receive them.
2\st. — Settled the form of an oath of allegiance to be taken
by the inhabitants to the King of Great Britain ; and it was
accordingly administered to the companies of militia which
had been doing duly in the town, who, after performing this
and delivering up their arms, had liberty to depart to their
respective homes ;. the same method was continued, and the
names registered. This night it was resolved, in a council

4 [Sept., 1769,
of war, consisting of the Admiral and Generals, that we
should keep possession of Quebec, and I should remain with
the command.
2^nd. — In consequence of this, 1 ordered the town tO be
divided into quarters ; set the proper officers to survey the
same ; see what repairs were necessary, and ordered lime to
be bought al Beauport for that purpose ; likewise three-fourths
of the Jesuits' College to be set apart for a storehouse.
2ith. — As the inhabitants incapacitated to reside in town
frora the havock made by a bombardment, which had
continued sixty-three days, were withdrawing from thence
with their effects, lest they should take anything
immediately necessary for the garrison, I ordered strict
search to be made at the gates.
26th.— As a prodigious quantity of wood would be wanted
in so cold a country for the fuel of this garrison, a field-
officer, with 150 regulars and 350 irregulars, was ordered for
Isle-Madame, to cut there, provided with proper tools ; the
men to be paid five shillings for each cord put on board ;
each man to receive a gill of rum ; and the officers who were
lo Survey the work to have three shillings a-day while
employed. Now, we had occasion to regret the quantity of
fine cord-wood fit for use we had burned, and to consider,
though too late, we had been rather a little too hasty
in so doing.

-"O"

21th. — The regiments drew for quarters.
28th. — The heavy baggage belonging to the different
regiments was brought into town,
29th. — All the troops and field-train marched in, the heavy
artillery having been sent before. What made this necessary
was the ruinous condition of the several quarters allotted
them, which, considering the quick approaches of a severe
winter, called for a speedy repair, barely even to cover the
Koops. The men, by this means, were nearer, also, the several
works they were set to constantly ever since we came into

Oct., 1759,] 5
town— ^visS,, landing and lodging the provisions, a work of
immense labour, considering the necessity of placing it in
the higher town, the men having a very sleep hill to haul up
the casks and bags that contained them ; lodging the artillery
that was to remain ; embarking that whieh was ordered for
Boston ; repairing the batteries, and putting the place in a
posture of defence — at least againsj a coup-de-main.
From Sept, 30th to Oct, 3rd.— -Continued the above works,
without ceasing, this and the following days, in such a
manner that not a man but -^fras constantly employed. Was
obliged to forbid making fires upon guard, in order to save
the wood in or about the town.
14th. — Sent a circular-letter to the curates and captains of
militia of the several parishes subject to the British Dominion,
to send in, forthwith, an exact recensement of their several
parishes, specifying the names, age, and sexes of the
inhabitants, and quantity of grain and cattle. It was
necessary at this time to order several houses, just ready to
tumble, to be thrown down, in order lo prevent any accideht
happening. The detachhient at Isle-Madame being at too
great a distance from the town, and bat a small quantity of
"wood brought frora thence, it was necessary to recall the
same, and order one to the Island of Orleans for that purpose.
15/A. — As,' the greatest part of the winter, the method of
carriage in this country, where there are prodigious falls of
snow, is all upon sleys, it was necessary to order such as
could be found in the town to be collected together ahd piit
in our magazines, it being impossible to spare carpenters
from other more pressing works, to make a sufficient number.
The improbability of being able to furnish this garrison with
sufficient fuel made it necessary, likewise, to seize upon the
etores, in order to make the wood go further.
I8th. — As from the beginning orders had been given that
no French inhabitant should take anything out of town
wiihout a passport from rae, in order to prevent their carrying /

6 [Oct., 1759.
out what might be useful to the French army, it was now
allowed them to carry put any kind of provisions which they
might have bartered for with officers or soldiers. This day.
Admiral Saunders, with the greatest part of the fleet, sailed
for Britain, having first laid ashore the Porcupine and
Racehorse sloops-of-war, the only naval force that was left
here besides three small sloops and schooners.
23rd. — A circular order was sent lo every parish for the
inhabitants to give up their arms to the captain of militia
before the 30th instant, he being ordered to keep them in his
custody and be answerable for the same. The troops still
employed constantly in bringing their provisions from the
Lower Town, where it was too much exposed, aud in
repairing their quarters without intermission.
26th. — Brigadier Monckton, in the Fowey, the Orford, and
Medway, sailed from hence, being the last ships to depart,
21th. — ^Two French schooners carae down to take on board
the effects in the town belonging to the French officers,
according to the articles of the capitulation.
29th. — As the inhabitants, among many other articles,
were in great want of salt, and would prefer exchanging
cattle, sheep, fowls and greens for that, so ready specie,
I thought it a proper indulgence to the officers, who had
cheerfully gone through so much fatigue, to divide among
them, according to their ranks, a quantity which had been
found in the King of France's stores.
30th. — To facilitate, and, at the same time, to quicken
such of the inhabitants as wanted to retire to the country,
I gave them leave for so many days to go out without
passports, with all their clothes and household goods, stores
excepted, as these were immediately necessary for the
garrison; and though this order was not strictly according
to the capitulation, yet it was according to the old maxira —
" Necessity has no law." ,

Oct,, 1759.] ,1
Slst. — This evening the Spanish ship came down, and,
having been fired at by the batteries, came to an anchor.
The captain came ashore and reported his having struck
upon a rock as he passed by the Point-au-Tremble, and
sprung a leak ; applied for leave to go home, and assistance
to examine his ship, as she made a great deal of water,
Nov, 1759,]
Not. 1st. — In consequence of the Spanish captain's
representation, I wrote to the commanding officer of the
ships. Captain Macartney, to desire him to assist, as
otherwise I should be obliged to subsist the crew, which
would prove burthensome.
ith. — Ordered out a captain and 200 men to destroy the
works of the enemy along the north shore of the river, frora
the Petite Riviere to the Saut de Montmorenci. Distributed,
also, sixty-one hogsheads of wine, which had been found in
the King of France's stores, to the officers of the garrison.
5th. — This (fay, the Spanish ship, as she was laying
ashore to find out the leak, tell to pieces. The captain and
several French merchants, to whom I had given leave to
take their passage in her to France, applied for leave to
procure one of the French merchantmen who lay above in
the river, which I readily granted, as I knew from experience
it was always in their power to pass in the night ; that the
ships might obstruct our operations in the summer, and that
it was removing so many hands I must otherwise subsist,
upon account of the friendship subsisting between the
two Crowns, though I could not well spare the provisions.
1th. — As I had sent the sick into the nunneries, being large'
and convenient buildings, where they were used to take care
of the sick, I had now an application made to me from the
General Hospital for wood, it being impossible for that
House to procure the quantity it required. I therefore
ordered three of the neighbouring parishes to furnish fifty
cords each for that purpose to be paid by the King.

S Nov., 1799. J
lUh. — As it was not impossible that by the intrigues of
the enemy, or some other accident, our principal magazine
might be burned or destroyed, in order to divide the same
I ordered two months' provisions to be delivered out to each
regiment that had convenieney to take in so rauch. I sent
out this day an engineer and 200 men to possess and fortify
the Church of St. Foix, as preparatory to my further views,
'i2th. — Divided 30,000 pound-weight of sugar out of the
stores tp the regiments, which I made them pay for at the
rate of 7d, per pound.
Hitherto, the necessity of covering the troops and preparing
for the winter kept us quiet ; but this being pretty well
effected, and the enemy having had the impudence to come
and carry off cattle from the neighbourhood pf the town, to-
prevent these incursions for the future, and any surprise
during the winter, I thought proper to march a strong
detachment out, which, after reconnoitering the country,
myself, I took post in the churches of St, Foix and Lorette
to command all the avenues to Quebec, so that na
considerable body could march to it without first fprcing
these two posts; and for this purpose I fortified them in such
manner as to resist any attack without cannon to support it.
At the same time I published a manifesto warning the
inhabitants of drawing upon themselves fresh misfortunes if
they did not keep themselves quiet, and representing ta
them how little they could expect from a beaten, dispirited
army, which had already abandoned them. At the sarae tirae
I published fresh regulations for the inhabitants,, permitting.
them to take out everything they pleased, except provisions,
leather, soap and candles, eonjiraodities very scarce in the
getrrison; also, established a civil jurisdiction for the
inhabitants, and appointed Colonel Young chief jud^e, taking
into the other offices sorae of the men of the best charaeteir
that 1 could find in the place.
ISth. — A very unusual desertion at this tirae prevailed
among the troops. The plundering kind of war whieh had

Nov., 17590 9
been carried on this last campaign had so debauched the
soldier, that there was no putting a stop to these without
very severe punishment ; to avoid which, most probably,
they deserted. To put a stop to these disorders, I published
a reward of five guineas to any one who would apprehend
a deserter, or inform of those who endeavoured to persuade
others to desert.
lith. — As drunkenness and theft continued to reign
predominant vices in the garrison, highly prejudicial to the
service, I recalled all licenses, and ordered for the future
every man who was found drunk to receive twenty lashes
every morning till he acknowledged where he got it, and
forfeit his allowance of rum for six weeks. As I found no
place so proper as the Jesiiits' college to lodge the provisions,
thai the Fathens are but few in number, and the Society
being in general remarkable for intrigue, I acquainted them
of the necessity I was under to take possession of the whole
building, and gave them leave to depart when they pleased.
15^A,— Having, by the former n^otions I had made,
convinced the enemy I meant nothing further than to
establish my advanced posts ; and having intelligence they
had a very small force between the Cape Rouge and Jacques
Cartier, I ordered out Colonel Walsh with a detachraent of
upwards of seven hundred men, by a night march to surprise
the Point e-au-Tremble, to raise contributions in that parish,
and the Ecureuils beyond it,to publish my manifestoes, and,
in terrorem, to burn the habitations of such as remained yet
with the army. But this scheme, through mistake or
misapprehension of orders, was effected only in part ; and
the colonel, having advanced within a mile of
Pointe-au-Tremble, retired tb the place from whence he
departed, after burning a few of the habitations,
16th. — A soldier of the 48th having been tried and convicted
this day of robbing a French inhabitant, the instant it was
reported the sentence was put in execution, in order, if
possible, to put a stop to the scene of villanies which had

10 [Nov., 1759.
been carried on hitherto; at the same time executed an
inhabitant, heretofore a drummer in the French service, for
having enticed some of our soldiers to desert — one of them,
of the Royal American Regiment, having been actually
caught in his house in a Canadian dress,
I8th, — It having been discovered that a French priest had
been tampering with some of our men, in order to persuade
them to desert, I reprieved Owen Kearnon, of the 3rd Battalion
Royal American Regiment, upon his promise to do his
endeavour to discover him, and banished one Bandouin,
a priest, who had taken upon him to instruct some of our
sick soldiers in the hospital.
20lh. — Ordered Major Hussey, commanding the detachment
at Lorette, to summons the inhabitants of that parish, to
make them deliver their arms, swear them, and burn the
houses of those who might be still with the army,
22nd. — Having also intelligence that the enemy, alarmed
at our motions, had advanced a body of troops on this side
Jacques Cartier which might in their turn undertake something
upon our advanced posts, I advised Major Hussey of the
same, and ordered him to withdraw into the church the
guard which was advanced from him, and to defend it to the
last extremity, I had now reason to consider how unlucky
it was my scheme had not been thoroughly executed, as in
that case the enemy could not have subsisted any body of
troops on this side Jacques Cartier. In the afternoon of this
day appeared in sight ten French ships-, which came to an
anchor in sight of the town, with an intention to have passed
this night ; but the wind falling, they would not trust to fhe
wind only, and the next morning, for fear of a bombardment,
removed higher out of sight.
23rd. — As there was a confusion in all public business,
from the different value set upon the current specie, I
published this day an order, in French and English,
regulating the same.

Nov., 1759.] 11
24th. — In the morning we found five out of the ten French
ships wrecked by the bungling manageraent of the French ;
for though it blew fresh, yet it could not by any means be
called very bad weather. Captain Miller, of the Racehorse,
went up with the boats manned without my knowledge, and
boarded one of the wrecks. Having lighted a fire, he
unfortunately blew himself up, his lieutenant, and several of
the men ; the rest were taken, as was a schooner which had
been stationed above the town to watch the enemy's motions
and to make signals. This was the more unfortunate, for
these unhappy people were entirely thrown away, the vessels
being, to all intents and purposes, already irrecoverably
destroyed ; and we now lost ihe ship-carpenters, who would
have been extremely useful in the spring, for the preparations
to be made against the ensuing campaign. As the provisions
had been landed in so great a hurry, from the necessity of
the departure of the shipping, that it was no easy matter to
ascertain the quantity, and the commissary having before
this represented the necessity of procuring a supply of beef,
I this day ordered the Island of Orleans to furnish such a
number to the assistant-quarter-master-general, whom I sent
there, as he should require, according to their abilities,
25th. — Having intelligence that the merchants, ever greedy
of gain, to purchase furs had transmitted a good deal of cash
to Montreal, where they were much in want of that
commodity, the paper-money, by reason of the ticklish
situation of the colony, being in utter disrepute ; and there
being by no means in the military chest a sufficiency to
defray the contingent expenses of the garrison to procure
what was wanted, and effectually to prevent a commerce so
destrueiive to us, I this day published a kind of
" proclamation," to encourage the friends and well-wishers
of His Majesty to lend what they could afford, for which
Colonel Burton (the next officer in command to me) and I
gave our bills, to be repaid in six months, with interest at
five per cent. This, in a short time, produced us so
considerable a sum as £8,000, which, without having

12 [Nov,, 1769.
recourse to further expedients, will enable us lo wait the
arrival of the ships, and be it remembered, to the honour of
the Highland or 63rd Regiment, commanded by Colonel
Fraser, that the non-commissioned officers and private men
of that single regiment contributed of that sum £2,000,
28th. — As intelligence had been brought in that the enemy
had sorne thoughts of stirring about Christmas, in order this
winter to regain the honour and advantages they had lost
this last summer, — to disappoint their designs, as there were
no out-works, I resolved to cover, the fortifications of the
town with a chain of block-houses, which were accordingly
begun upon this day. The winter was too severe to imagine
they could think of sitting down to a regular siege, supposing
they had a •sufficient force and artillery for the .purpose ; and
this measure put us d fabri d'un coup-de-main.
^Qth. — I now sent Captain Leslie with a detachment of
200 men to the southern shore, to disarrn the inhabitants and
oblige them to take the oath of fidelity. This would
have been done sooner could I have spared the men ; and
from the inclemency of the season, I was obliged to furnisFi
them with snow-shoes, having had lately so great a fall thaf
il had retarded the departure of this detachment for some
days. That which had been ever since cutting wood on the
Island of Orleans had been recalled, but could not join us for
near a month . after this, by reason of the badness of the
weather, the winter having set in this year rather earlier
than usual.
Dec, 1759.]
Dec. 1st. — In order to put off as long as possible the
delivery of wood, I had been obliged to permit the pulling-
down of several wooden houses in and about the town, as
well as all the fences ; but now that, from the severity of the
weather, that scanty allowance would no longer suffice, I
was not a little surprised and mortified that what the navy
had delivered to us for four thousand cords, did not, after

Dec, 1759,] 13
repeated measurements, by different people, turn out to be a
thousand ; which disappointment laid us under very raany
difficulties, 3rd. — As about this lime the communication to Orleans by
water is cut off, by reason of the large pieces of ice from the
small rivers which are floated backwards and forwards by
the tides, and that as yet the channel between it and the
northern shore is not frozen over, — consequently, that the
wood we had cut there could not be brought from thence, [
was obliged to send a detachment to cut wood, at St, Foix ;
and a quantity of snow being now fallen, I ordered that
parish and that of Lorette to furnish a number of sleys
¦ to bring il in constantly every day, for which they were
to be paid.
4th — Weather now so severe, ordered the sentries to be
relieved every hour,
5th. — Ordered creepers to be made for all the men of the
garrison, 6th — The quantity of wood in the garrison being very
small, and the Canadians, from inability or disaifection,
bringing it in but very slowly, I was obliged to order (hand-
sleys having' been raade for that purpose) a detachraent froni
the garrison to assist in this work,
1th. — Wood being now delivered out to the troops, I forbid
the destruction of houses.
8th and 9th. — Ordered the parishes of Charlesbourg,
Beauport, and Petite Rivifere to send a number of sleys to
help to bring in the wood, a considerable quantity of snow
having fallen and made the roads practicable for that kind of
carriage ; also, appointed Monsr. Cuguer judge of the
above parishes.
12th. — Took measures for providing of charcoal.
13<A,— Having received intelligence of some skulking
Indians, gave strict orders for the men not lo straggle.

14 [Dec, 1759,
14f^, — No less than fifty men this day frost-bitten on the
wooding and sleying parties.
15^^. — Notwithstanding every measure has been taken to
encourage the Canadians to be active in bringing in the
wood, yet that affair goes on very slowly — whether from the
natural sloth of the people, not much used to work, or frora
disaflection, cannot well be said. To accelerate, therefore,
this necessary business, and make a sufficient provision
against the spring, when, by reason of the thaws and
quantities of ice that come down, the rivers are not navigable
nor the roads practicable, I stopt delivering any out of the
store, and obliged the regiments to furnish themselves,
having for that purpose provided them with sleys, and
ordered out parlies lo cover them every day.
lith. — The weather being very bad, the men having
received no clothing this year, and there being no pay for
them, I thought it a proper encouragement to promise them
five shillings per cord for all the wood they should sley in ;
65 men having been frost-bit besides the foregoing 50,
20th. — About this time the detachment from the Island of
Orleans returned ; several of the men frost-bit,
22nd. — Ordered several roads about the town to be
marked with beacons all along.
24th.— From the 17lh to the 24th Dec, 153 have been
frost-bit : this happens always on the sleying parties ; nor is
there any possibility to avoid thera, as, notwithstanding
every measure taken and the diligence of the officers, whose
particular province it is, the Canadian horses do not bring in
a sufficient quantity to provide for the present or against
the spring.
25th. — This day. Captain Leslie returned from his
expedition down the south shore. Every officer and soldier
of the parly has been frosl-bit more or less, but none
dangerously, except two. He has not been able to proceed

Dec, 1759.] 15
quite so far as I had intended, by reason that the lower
parishes were entirely burned, and there was no lodging for
the troops.
26th. — The price of grain being here raised to an exorbitant
rate, published this day an order regulating the same, and
with a view, to encourage their bringing it lo market, though
this is little to be expected, as the inhabitants have not been
used to this for these ten years past. Ordered, likewise, the
inhabitants of the Island of Orleans to make the roads and
mark them with beacons, in order to begin bringing in our
wood from thence the beginning of next month. Gave
the same orders to the parishes below the Sault de
Montmorenci, This day, Lieut, Butler, of the Rangers, with
four more, set out across the country for New-England, with
despatches for General Amherst.
28th. — Reports been spread thai the enemy had some
intentions to pay us a visit, ordered snow-shoes to be
made as fast as possible, and the men to be practised
walking in Ihem.
31s^. — Since the 24th, 19 men frost-bit. Much had been
done here^ within these three last months, if rightly considered.
Quebec had only capitulated for itself ; but now the Province,
from the Caprouge on the northern, and from the Chaudiere
on the southern shore, had submitted ; the inhabitants had
taken an oath of fidelity, and surrendered their arms ; my
orders were obeyed everywhere within this jexlent, and the
parishes within reach of the garrison, assisted to carry in our
wood ; they furnished bullocks for our use, and hay, straw,
and oats for the draft cattle ; it is true that , for these they
were paid ; but it was at a very moderate rale, especially
compared with the prices the same commodities bore and
actually bear in Upper Canada ; and it will appear surprising
that the King of Great Britain's troops should be furnished
with wood at Quebec for about fifteen shillings a cord, while
it cost the King of France at Montreal, with all the people
at his devotion, upwards of fifty.

16 [Dec, 1759.
Mr. "Wolfe, afier warning the Canadians, chastised thera
for not returning to their houses and \quitting, their arms,
Mr. Monckton rightly considered that the conquest of the
land, if bereaved of its inhahitanls and stock, would be of
little value, gave them the strongest assurances of safety,
• and even encouragement, if they submitted. They confided
in hia promises. The country was as yet but partially
conquered, and it would have been as impolitic to have
crushed the inhabitants at this time as it was necessary to
oblige them to give a reasonable assistance lo His Majesty's
forces. After all, in any event, with skill and tender
management, twenty years will hardly restore this Province
to the state it was in the beginning of this year.

Jany., 1760,]

1760.

Jant, 2nd. — Ordered strict accounts to be taken of Monr.
Cadet's effects and lands, he being the French contractor for
all kinds of stores, and looking upon what belonged to him
as belonging to the public.
3rd.— This day. Major McKellar gave me in his opinion,
in writing, that the best method to defend the place was
to fortify the heights of Abraham, there lo wait our
reinforcements, 5th, — To save the victualling of deserters, quartered them
on the Canadians, with, a promise to pay for them, and sent
them lo the Island of Orleans,
6th. — Having intelligence the enemy was making sorne
preparations, providing ladders, and sending down snow-
shoes, ordered communications to be made between the
different posts both within and wiihout the town ; hastened
the erection of the Block-houses ; divided the ammunition
and secured it in the best manner I could ; and look every
other measure in my power to defeat the enemy's designs.

^ANT., 1760.] 17
Lieut. Butler returned with his party, having met with soma
Indian tracks which discouraged them from proceeding
farther. 1th. — Assembled the commanding-officers, to inform them
of my intelligence, and to let them know of ray dispositions
for the defence.
1 KA,— i-Took up two men who arrived but the day before
from Montreal ; though they both at first denied any intention
to return, yet at length one of them, who had letters directed
for that place, confessed they were going back ; and from
some letters intercepted, had great reason to imagine they
were come to hire artificers. After being examined by some
of ray prihcipal officers, ordered thera to be closely confined.
I2th. — Published an order this day, forbidding, on pain of
death, any one lo send up or receive letters from Montreal
wiihout first showing them. Forbid, also, anything to be
carried out without a passport.
15th. — Both bread and meat having been brought to an
excessive price, to the great detriment of both garrison and
inhabitants, published a regulation for the same in French
and English, fixing it at a moderate rate, and obliging the
vendors to take out licenses.
16<A.^-It was reported to me that several shot had been
stolen off the batteries ; and it was remarkable that it was
especially those which fitted the French guns.
I8th. — Having received information that one of the
Frenchmen I had given a civil employment lo, held
correspondence with the enemy, and having no positive
proof, banished him to the Island of Orleans.
19/A, — Being informed that the boatmen of Point Levi had
passed over French soldiers in disguise, ordered for the future
they should, as soon as arrived, come and make a declaration
of the people and goods they passed over, on pain of being
severely punished.

18 [Jant,, 1760.

20th. — As the post of Lorretle was at so great a distance
that rockets might not be perceived, set a field-piece there,
that in case they were attacked we might have immediate
notice. 22nd. — As I received information the enemy had reinforced
some of their advanced posts, sent a subaltern and thirty raen
to St, Foix. Blew up a mill in front of the town, in order to
erect a block-house on the spot.
23rd. — As I thought it would be a means to retain the
people on the south side in their duty, to establish a civil
jurisdiction among them, I divided that shore from Point
Levi downwards in two jurisdictions, the upper and lower
parishes, and appointed judges, to whom I sent their
comraissions, 26th, — As it was of the greatest iraportance to let General
Amherst know our situation here, and what preparations
would be most necessary to be made for the ensuing
campaign, I detached this day Lieut, Montresor and 12
rangers, who crossed the river this very afternoon for that
purpose. 21th, — Whereas I had ordered great nurabers of cattle lo
be killed in the country, and brought in, chiefly lo hinder the
eneray to reap any benefit from them, this day I ordered part
of it to be distributed lo the officers at the price it cost.
29(A, — As the soldiers had found out a method of procuring
strong liquors frora the inhabitants, who had been always
used and still had liberty to sell to their own people, I this
day forbid thera to retail any, either in the town or suburbs,
31s^ — Forbid the pulling-up of fences for fire-wood, upon
any account,
Feby, Is^ — As intelligence constantly came in that the
enemy intended to come down and attack the town, ordered

Febt,, 1760,] 19
the provisions remaining in the Intendant's yard to be
irnmediately brought up by the different regiments,
proportionably to their several numbers.
2nd. — In the night the river froze over opposite to the town,
or, in the French phrase, the bridge took, but was not yet
passable. I ordered the corn that was taken frora the farras
of Cadet, contractor for the French King, to be sold, the
sarae being a good deal daraaged. If this had not happened,
I purposed to have divided it among the women who
received no provisions.
3rd. — As the enemy had been spreading false reports
about their coming down, I thought it proper to alarm them
in their turn, at the same time that if I saw an opening to
seize any of their posts with success, I might do it, I ordered
four sley-carriages to be made for guns and some for royalls,
and ordered hay and oats to be brought into the town.
6th. — This day, in the evening, received intelligence the
eneray had brought down to Point Levi a party of men they'
had so long talked of ; but as the ice was not yet fit to bear
so great a number of men, and that I had not a satisfactory
account enough of the nurabers or views of that party,
I deterrained lo wait till this was cleared up lo me.
lth.^Lest the enerny should have farther views than
what just now appeared, ordered the provisions to be
hastened up from the Lower Town, and the regiments to lay
in a stock of wood, that we raight be prepared for any event.
9th. — There being a report that some Indians had passed
into the Island of Orleans, lest the enemy should send some
party to carry off the deserters I had quartered there, lo save
the King's provisions, and fearing this might deter others,
I ordered them into town,
Jas, Murray.
Quebec, 25th May, 1760.

20 [Febt., 1760;
PART SECOND.
Febt, lOth. — Having been able lo procure but an.
inconsiderable number of snow-shoes, and they "being
absolutely necessary at this time of year, either for offence
or defence, ordered out an officer with a detachment to collect
as many as he could find in the country, and also the captains
of militia to bring in all they could ; but this search only
produced a few, the country-people alleging they had
lost theirs, and had no opportunity lo supply themselves
with new ones.
I2th. — Detached, early this morning, Capt. Donald
McDonald with a parly to find out whether the ice was-
practicable, and lo draw out the enemy in order lo ascertain
their numbers. This answered my design, for the enemy
drew out of their houses and shewed themselves : as they
appeared pretty much what the best intelligence I could
procure made them — between four and five hundred men — I
determined lo dislodge Ihem,
I3th. — Accordingly, I ordered out a party with two field-
pieces lo march directly over the ice to the church at Point
Levi, while the light infantry crossed above the town, in
order lo cut off" the retreat of the enemy. There was a good
deal of difficulty at first, as the landings are always bad on
account of the rising and falling of the tides ; but the enemy,
perceiving the movement of the light infantry, after a faint
resistance gave way, betaking themselves mostly to the
woods. Our loss was very trifling, and of the enemy we
took one officer and eleven men, I immediately resolved lo
preserve the post, and left 200 men in the church and
cur4''s house,
lith. — Ordered the captains of militia of the southern
parishes lo come in, that I might be informed of the
proceedings ol the French commanders,
I6th', — Several of the captains of militia came in, and
declared that a commissary of cadets had been at those

Febt,, 1760,] 21
parishes nearest the Point de Levi, to order the killing of
cattle and a certain quantity of corn to be brought in, but
that Ihey had killed but very little, and had stopped as soon
as they had heard of the enemy's rout,
lith. — Having received information that raost of the
captains had raade false reports, and that considerable
quantities of cattle had been killed in the neighbouring
parishes, to prevent their falling upon some method to convey
it lo the enemy, I ordered the parishes to bring in whatever
¦was killed, and one-half of the flour, which had been
ordered to be paid for at a reasonable price ; at the same time
encouraged the inhabitants of the town and of all the
northern shore to get in all the provisions they could
from thence.
20th. — Received some intelligence that the enemy was
meditating an attempt upon our post at Point Levi. This
day, a small parly of ours fell into an ambuscade of the
enemy's, and eight were killed and taken.
22nd. — Having information that the captains of railitia
had not given in an exact account of what had been done on
the southern shore, I wrote more pressing orders to them this
day, at the same time summoning them to bring to town
two English boys, captives, I had heard of in the lower
parishes. At the same time I got very good intelligence that
700 men had passed over to the south shore from the
Point-au-Tremble, part of which was said lo be a detachment
of grenadiers ; and it was surmised their view was lo
surround and cut off the post at Point Levi ; upon which
I detached a captain, four subalterns, and four score light
infantry, to seize a post I had reconnoitred, to disappoint them
in such an attempt, and to facilitate the landing any
body of troops I should think proper to send over lo support
*hem, A field-officer and a party, with four pieces of cannon
apon sley-jcSarriages, were kept in readiness on the least
alarm.

22 • [Febt., 1760.
23rd. — The thaw which had begun the last night continued
this day to such a degree, I much feared the ice would give
way, I therefore sent an order for all the southern parishes
to obey such orders as they might receive from the
officer commanding at Point Levi ; but towards evening, the
wind shifted to the opposite point, and it froze hard.
24^A. — At six in the morning was informed a large body of
the enemy was seen moving on the opposite shore, towards
the church of Point Levi. Having received intelligence they
were not above a thousand or twelve hundred strong, after
detaching the 28lh and 63rd regiments to draw up opposite
two different roads on my right, I determined to cross over
upon that which led nearest to the church, with the light
infantry, 15th regiment, three hundred Highlanders, and
four pieces of cannon; Capt, Hazzen, with his Rangers, who
had seized some of the heights, covering our landing very
properly. As soon as the enemy perceived some of our
troops, had got fooling, they gave way. When I perceived
this, I ordered Colonel Frazer to niarch upon the ice ta
his right with the utmost diligence, in order to cut them
off between the Treschemin and the Chaudiere ; but their
precipitate flight saved thera, and he could come up
only with the rear of their column, where he made fifteen
or twenty prisoners ; some few were killed and wounded.
Frora these prisoners we were informed the party consisted
of about five hundred regulars, four hundred inhabitants, and
some Indians. They had volunteers selected for the attack
of the church, but prudently declined approaching it too
near. The troops which had marched out returned the same
day into town.
26th. — As I was informed the French detachment had
concealed itself for two nights in houses al Point Levi, withia
about six miles of our post, wiihout any of the inhabitants
giving the least notice, I thought it a proper punishment la
burn these houses, at the same tirae that it put it out of the
enemy's power lo make use of them a second time. Published

Feby., 1760.] 23
niy reasons for so doing, as the enetny's endeavours to
dispossessus of this post raore than ever pointed out to us
the utility of it. I reconnoitred the ground, in order lo fix
some spot on which to erect a fort the ensuing campaign ;
and in the meantime, resolved to erect two block-houses, in
order to coraraand the high-road and landing-places — one
of them to be alarge one, and two pieces of cannon to be
put into it.
21th. — As we had got a pretty considerable quantity of
\yood in town, I ordered what was cut on the Island of
Orleans to be piled up at the Point, in order to serve for our
summer's provision. At night, a French officer brought a
packet to the advanced post of Lorette.
29th. — The men growing sickly ; to ease the duty, took oflf
some of the guards, and ordered a quantity of ginger to be
delivered out to the several regiments, to be mixed with the
men's water, to correct it. Answered Monsieur de
"Vaudreuil's letter, and sent with it Capt. Donald McDonald,
of the Highlanders, that he might have an opportunity to
take a view of the posts.
March 2nd, — Received intelligence that the detachment
had crossed over from Point-au-Tremble to St, Nicholas,
consisting of thirty soldiers, thirty Canadians, and the same
number of Indians.
3rd, — Ordered the wells to be shut up, as the water was
reported to be unwholesome. This day, two young New-
Englanders, who had been taken up by the Indians some
years ago, were, in consequence of ray orders, brought to this
town by the Acadian woman who had redeemed them, for
which I gaye her a handsome reward. As I was deterrained
to fortify the heights of Abraham, ordered a detachment,
under proper officers, to be selected, in order to cut fascines
and piquets for thai purpose ; likewise, sent an order to the
adjacent parishes to make 10,000 fascines and 40,000 piquets,
in order to be ready to fiall to work as soon as the season

24 [March, 1760.
Would permit us Ito fortify ; began also to send over the
timber for the two block-houses at Point Levi ; begun also
to repair the flat-bottomed boats.
5th, — As it apppeared that in all the grants made to the
inhabitants, right was ever reserved of such wood as was
necessary for the King's service, to facilitate the people's
makingfascines, impowered them this day, by an ordinance,
to take it wherever it was most convenient for their purpose.
This day great part of the ice went off, and the river was not
passable ; in the evening it froze hard again. Finding that
it would become very difficult for me now to support the
post at Point Levi, I recalled from thence the captain and
part of the detachment, leaving only as many as would
protect the provisions and the block-house that was
constructing, 6th.^^ln the evening, received intelligence that the party
which had crossed over from St, Nicholas had now passed
through the woods and taken post at St.' Michel, two leagues
below Point Levi. -I
Hh. — Began to put up the block-house at Point Levi.
9th. — The sickness still on the increase, notwithstanding
every measure was taken to prevent it spreading ; and the
cause being manifestly the scurvy, gave orders this day
about the method of boiling and preparing the salt pork, it
being impossible to procure fresh provisions or vegetables,
loth. — The large block-house at Point Levi being finished,
a guard was this day put into it, and two guns mounted
therein. A French officer came this day again lo the
advanced post with a letter from Mons. 'V'audreuil.
I
nth. — Last night and this day, several deserters came
in, being mostly of the colony troops, and some of
Languedoc, Returned an answer to the letter I received
yesterday, and sent Captain McDonald with it.

March, 1760,] 25
13fA,^-Begun a block-house at Point Levi to cover the
landing of any troops I should find necessary to throw over
lo support that post, or to secure their retreat.
I4th. — Having some intention, in my turn, to pay a visit lo
the enemy, if their situation should give me any hopes of
doing it with success, and the sickly stale of the men would
permit it, reviewed this day the Grenadiers, and ordered
them lo be completed.
I6th. — Finished the block-house begun the 13th inst.
I8th. — Begun another small block-house at Point Levi.
19th. — As I found I could -attempt no considerable
enterprise at this time of the year, wiihout harassing the
garrison to such a degree as would render it, perhaps, unfit
afterwards for further operations, I resolved to endeavour lo
surprise their two advanced posts ; having for that purpose
acquired a perfect knowledge of their situation, and the
distance being too great to make out the march in one
night, reinforced this last night the posts at St, Foix and
Lorette with the men destined for this expedition.
20th. — This morning, at the break of day, Captain Donald
McDonald surprised and attacked the post of the enemy at
the Calvaire, and Captain Archbold at the village Brul4,
with so good success that the former made seventy prisoners
and the latter seventeen, without the loss of a man, only six
wounded ; but many were frost-bit from the coldness of
the night,
21s^ — The two small block-houses at Point Levi being
now finished, put guards into them,
2ith. — Finished cutting down the wood round the block
houses at Point Levi, Sickness continuing among the
troops, was obliged to raise blankets among the country-
people, upon a promise to return or pay for them on the arrival
of the shipping. D

26 [March, 1760.
25<A,— Finished repairing nine of the worst flat-botlomed
boats. It having been represented by Dr, Russell that wine
would be extremely necessary for the men who were troubled
with the scurvy, ordered a quantity to be bought and
distributed among them, which they were to pay for
themselves. The Acadian woman who had been with me
before returned and informed me the Indians of Nova-Scolia
had made their peace with the British Government. She
promised to forward a letter lo the Governor of the British
fort in the river Si, John's, which I sent to him, informing
him in general terms the garrison was well, and desiring he
would forward the same to General Amherst and the
Governor of New-England.
28th, — Received intelligence the French had sent up
pilots to their ships whieh had wintered in the Sqrel ; that
they were busied in cleaning and getting thern ready, and
everything else, for an early expedition in spring ; that they
had reinforced their advanced guard, and the whole regiment
of Languedoc wag come down to Point-au-Tremble and St.
Augustine, t
29th. — Was informed Mons, de Boishebert, captain of the
colony troops, was returned from the lower parts of the
country, where he had been some lime, and reported a peace
was talked of,
April 2»i(i.^ Fresh intelligence being had of the designs
of the French, ordered the parishes to bring into town the
fascines and piquets they had been ordered to make as
expeditiously as possible ; at the same time as a report
prevailed that General Amherst had attacked and burned
Chambly, I thought it was right to be in readiness to
second him, in case such a report was confirmed, and for
that purpose ordered three of the regiments to be reviewed,
and the grenadiers and piquets to be in readiness to march.
3rd. — As I considered.the reports spread among the French
of paquets from Europe to be with an intention to amuse the

April, 1760,] 27
people and alienate them frora us, I thought il might be of
use lo counterwork this stratagem by making a serjeant
and four men of the ranging company cross the river and
come in upon some ofihe out-guards, pretending to be sent
express from General Amherst ; this gave greal spirits lo the
garrison, and visibly affected the French inhabitants.
ith. — Whilst the people were yet warm wilh this news,
I thought il right to publish a manifesto to make known to
them His Britannic Majesty's good dispositions, without
saying positively that any such account had arrived ; that at
the same time I should neither bind myself too much by the
declaration therein made, and at the same time lo keep the
people quiet in case there was any stir above,
Qth. — I ordered a schooner to be brought up from the
Island of Orleans, in order to get her ready for sea lo meet
Lord Colvil and give him some account of our situation,
8th, — Ordered Major Mackellar, chief engineer, to survey
the ground about the Caprouge, in order to take post there,
thereby lo prevent the enemy landing their artillery in that
place, 9th. — Began lo cut the hulks out of the river St, Charles,
in order, if it was possible, and we had the time, to fit them
up as floating batteries ; we found the ice fourteen feet
thick round the hulks,
lOth. — The spruce drinks having been tried in Ihe several
hospitals, and found very beneficial lo men in scorbutic
habits, the disorder at this time mostly prevailing, ordered it
to be given to all the men as a preservative against that fatal
disease. This day, the ice above the town, as far as the
Chaudiere, gave way, but it stopped there.
lith.  The workmen finished four floating batteries.
15th. — The schooner Zatf^rewce began to be caulked and
graved.

28 [April, 1760,
nth — The best intelligence was now procured that the
French had armed six ships, which had remained in the
river last autumn, with two gallies which they had built;
that they designed to bring down this squadron, with a
number of boats, to transport the troops to the Cap Rouge,
where they were to wait the arrival of their ships ; also, that
they were fortifying the Three Rivers, Upon this I went lo
reconnoitre the ground, and thought I could not do better
than to fortify the Hill, in order to hinder the enemy frora
landing their cannon in the river, and oblige them to bring
it round by land, which, considering the badness of the road,
would in that case delay their operations a considerable lime.
I8th. — Ordered a number of fascine-makers up to the Cap
Rouge to be ready to establish that post as soon as the
weather would permit, and part of the ligbt infantry to cover
them, cantoning for that purpose in the houses thereabouts,
to be followed by Major Dalling with the remainder of that
corps the next day.
I9th. — Al break of day Monsieur Herbin, an officer of the
colony troops, crossed the river of Cap Rouge over the ice^
with sixty men and five or six Indians, with an intention ta
surprise our party ; but being upon their guard, they obliged
them to return in a great hurry, having one serjeant killed,
three or four of the men wounded, and one of the colony
troops taken prisoner ; a large party drawn up on the other
side, to favour their retreat, also ran for it, our light infantry
pursuing them ; they were dispersed before Major Irwin, who
had marched with some piquets, could arrive ; the same
day the chief engineer marked the ground lor a redoubt on
a rising ground advanced beyond the heights, where I
designed to establish my lines. This day a schooner was-
finished and fitted for sea.
20th. — This day the schooner look in her guns and stores,
and was fitted for sea.
2ht. — The schooner, commanded by Lieut, Fortye, of the
35th, fell down to the Island of Orleans lo lake in her wood

April, 1760,] 29
and proceed down the river ; by her I wrote lo Lord Colvil
to inform him of the intelligence I had received, and gave
him an account of the state of affairs, that he raight use the
greater diligence to join us. The same day ordered out a
party of 120 men to work three hours in the morning and
three in the afternoon at the advanced redoubt to be continued.
As the garrison was so sickly, I was obliged to use them
wilh the utmost tenderness; and the ground was so hard, it
was hardly possible to drive in the piquets. That I might
not be obliged lo watch within as well as without, I this
day ordered all the people to depart frora the town, giving
them three days lo take away the effects they could carry.
Ordered thetn to put up what they could not take away in
the Recollets, over which I promised to set a guard, to be
under the care of that community, together with two
substantial inhabitants of the town ; also, permitted the
religious belonging to the two nunneries to remain in town,
as they were extremely useful in taking care of our sick.
22nd. — Ordered each regiment lo have a piquet in readiness
for any emergency, I had also sent out two pieces of cannon,
which were drawn with infinite labour and trouble, to St.
Foix, 23rd, — The ice gave way everywhere in the great river ;
thai in the Cap Rouge also went off; in consequence ordered
the 15th regiment, 28th, 47th, 58th, and 2nd battalion,
together wilh the grenadier companies of the whole, lo hold
themselves in readiness lo encamp on the first notice. My
design was, if the weather had permitted, to have encamped
with this body al St, Foix, to be at hand to sustain any of
my advanced posts and prevent the enemy's landing, but it
froze so hard every night that I could not venture on this
measure yet, considering the sickly slate ofihe men,
2ifh. — Captain DonSld McDonald, a brave and experienced
officer, who had been on several little parties this winter,
having asked to have the command of a company of volunteers,

30 [April, 1760»
1 formed one for him this day, consisting of picked men ;
such a corps might be of use, and I thought it necessary to
give officers who were willing an opportunity lo distinguish
themselves. 25th. — This day, augmented the working party at the
advanced redoubt wilh one hundred raen, though that work
advanced but slowly, the ground being so hard they could
not drive their piquets above nine inches into il. To
encourage the men, and endeavour to put a stop to the
spreading sickness, two hundred men having fallen ill this
last week, 1 ordered the working parties a gill of rum each,
to be mixed with their w ater in their canteens before they
went out, as il was observed they often made use of snow
water, which was pernicious. This night, recalled my party
from Lorette lo St. Foix, having ordered all the bridges over
the Cap Rouge to be broken up.
26th, — Having given a sufficient time to the French to
withdraw their effects, this day I ordered the gates to be
shul ; ordered also part of Captain McDonald's company of
volunteers to Sillery, to be followed by himself with the
remainder in the morning ; in the evening, had a report from
Major Dalling that he heard a good deal of firing of musquels
on the other side of the Cap Rouge. The chief engineer
marked out the ground for the intended lines upon the heights
of Abraham this afternoon,
21th. — Being Sunday, very rainy weather, and it having
blovyn hard the night before, I had intelligence at three
o'clock in the morning that the enemy had landed the night
before at Point-au-Ti'emble, and had marched on to Lorette ;
that they had wilh them seven vessels of all sorts, en board
of which they had their provisions and artillery. On this
information I marched immediately with the grenadiers,
piquets, Amherst's, and two field pieces, to St. Foix, ordering
three other regiments, commanded by Colonel Walsh, to
march out to cover my retreat, and Major Morriss wilh

April, 1760,] 31
Otway's to Sillery. The enemy I found in possession of all the
woods from Lorette to St, Foix, and just entering the plain :¦
however, they declined attacking me in the advantageous
position I had taken ; but, finding that their numbers were
increasing, and endeavouring to get round me by the woods,
the weather very bad, and having received intelligence, while
I was out, of a report that two French ships were at the
Traverse, I thought it proper to retreat to town, which was
acconiplished in a very regular manner, having withdrawn
all my posts with the loss of only two, men ; knocked off the
trunions of two eighteen-pounders I could not bring off
upon account of the badness of the roads. The enemy followed
us with their irregulars, but could make no impression on our
rear. Blew up a small magazine of provisions and
ammunition in the church, which I could not remove for
want of carriages. As my numbers were so small, I could
not think of keeping post at Point Levi any longer : I ordered
the officer commanding there to burn the block-houses, spike
the guns, destroy the provisions, and come off" with the first
tide, which was effected.
28th. — As I considered the enemy, so near at hand, would
never suffer us to fortify the heights of Abraham ; that even
unmolested the chief engineer was of opinion it would take
up ten days to execute the plan proposed ; that the garrison
was so sickly it could hardly be supposed equal to the task
of guarding both town and lines ; having also a strong
confidence in troops who had hitherto been successful, I
resolved to give the enemy battle before they could establish
themselves : in consequence, having given my orders this
morning at seven o'clock, I marched out with all the force
I could muster in two columns, and, as soon as I arrived
upon the heights, formed this little army in the manner
following : — The right wing, consisting of Amherst's,
Anstruther's, 2nd baitalion Royal Americans, and Webb's,
was commanded by Colonel Burton ; Kennedy's, Lascelles'
Highlanders, and Brag's, formed the left, commanded by
Col. Fraser; Otway's and the 3rd battalion of Americans,

32 [April, 1760.
'commanded by Colonel Young, formed a corps de reserve i
Major Dalling, wilh a corps of light infantry, covered the right
flank ; Hazzen's rangers and a company of volunteers,
commanded by Capt, Donald McDonald, a brave and
experienced officer, covered the left. The battalions had each
two field-pieces. While the line was forming, I reconnoitred
the enemy, and perceived their van busy throwing up
redoubts, while their main body was yet on the march. I
thought this the lucky minute', and moved the whole in great
order to attack them before they could have time to form ;
they were beat from their works, and Major Dalling, with
great spirit, forced their corps of grenadiers from a house they
occupied lo cover their left. Here he and several of bis
officers were wounded ; his men, however, pursued the
fugitives to the second line, which checked our light
infantry, who immediately dispersed along the front of our
right, which prevented Col, Burton from taking the advantage
of the first impression made on that left flank. The light
infantry was immediately ordered to clear the front and regain
the right ; but in attempting this, they were charged, thrown
into confusion, retired lo the rear, and never again could be
brought up during the action. As soon as I perceived this,
I ordered Major Morriss, with Otway's battalion, to whee
up and cover the right flank. This recovered everything there ;
but a very little while after the left gave way, though they
had early made themselves masters of two redoubts. I
ordered Kennedy's from the centre and the 3rd battalion to
sustain them, but they were too late. The disorder spread
from the left to the right, and the whole retired under the
musketry of our block-houses, abandoning their cannon
lo the enemy. Toothing more could now be done but
to give the troops time to rest and endeavour lo keep the
enemy out of the town. The chief engineer being
wounded, I ordered Capt. Holland to visit the works, and all
the officers and men to parade for work at five next morning.
This evening, the French fleet anchored off the Foulon.
Quebec, 25lh May, 1760.

AfRiL, 1760.] 33
28th. — After the action of this day nothing more could
be done ; it was necessary to give the men rest, —
Ordered the chief acting-engineer, Capt. Holland, Major
Mackellar being wounded, to visit the works, and officers
as well as men to parade for work at five next morning.
The French ships anchored off the Foulon,
29th. — I had taken the precaution yesterday morning, early,
to employ pioneers to break up the small roads leading to
the town. I ordered embrasures lo be cut in the faces, flanks
and curtains of the bastions of St. Louis, 2^ Gtese^e, and
Cape Diamond, St. John's gate was shut up, and four
twenty-four-pounders were mounted this night. As we had
the advantage of a numerous artillery, the eneray by the best
accounts ill-furnished in that respect, and our wall bad, the
best we could do was to endeavor to knock their works to
pieces before they could mount their cannon. Ordered the
wounded to be put into the two convents, the women lo cook
the soldiers' provisions and attend the sick, in order to save
as many hands as we can. This day the eneray had drawn
their first parallel across the heights, about six hundred yards
frora the wall. At eleven this morning the enemy brought
up a twelve-pounder, and fired several shot through the
great block-house ; but it was soon dismounted by some
accident in firing : the powder magazine catched, blew up
the roof, and burned it to the ground. A' captain and about
twenty-five men were disabled. This was unlucky, as it was
our most advanced work, roomly, strong, and hors dHnsulte,
having three pieces of cannon in it, "'
30th. — Last night, made a small sortie of one officer and
twenty men to disturb their works : the officer was taken.
As, from the nature and situation of the place, and the
pressing necessity there seemed for the enemy to make quick
work, and as il conduced to the safety of the men, ordered
the regiments to encamp in their respective alarm-posts this
day. Having observed a good deal of drunkenness among
the men, ordered all the spirits in the lower town not
belonging to the King to be spilled. As many of them were

34 [May, 1760.
breaking into the houses, dreading the consequences, ordered
one to be hung for an example lo the rest. Mounted six
twenty-four-pounders on the rampart ; the curtain between
La Glasidre and St. Louis was strdngthened by a parapet,
and embrasures left in it for thirteen guns ; employed the
carpenters lo make platforms; at night began to cut
embrasures in the two faces of Si, Louis bastion : very
troublesome it was lo procure earth for these works. Ordered
small sorties every night lo fire upon and harass the workmen.
May 1st. — Observed in ihe morning that the enemy had
begun to raise a battery on a rising ground lo their right and
in the front of their line, intended for La GIa.siire and Cape
Diamond bastions. Ordered our fire to be directed lo that
place. The regiments quartered in the lower town were
ordered lo the upper one. The men off duty were divided
into two parts, to work night and day alternately six hours,
and to have always their arms by them. The commanding
officer of artillery this day reported that several of the French
guns were very bad, and several of the shells unserviceable.
Dispatched Capt, Macartney in the Racehorse bomb to
General Amherst, to acquaint him of the situation of affairs
here, that he might lake his measures accordingly. Seven
guns mounted this day ; great difficulty in fitting the merlons,
part fascines and part earth and rubbish, as it could be
scraped together. Cut oul five more embrasures between
the bastions St. Louis and St, Ursula.
2nd. — As we had neither news nor instructions, and being
thoroughly resolved lo maintain the place as long as possible,
ordered in a return of the artillery, by which il appeared we
expended to this lime 1473 shot and 962 shells of different
sizes, and that if we continued to fire in the same proportion
as hitherto, our ammunition would not hold above fifteen
days, I recommended economy, that we should not by too
early a prolusion disable ourselves from giving Ihem a
warmer fire when they should approach closer. Appointed
alarm-posts for the convalescents, that they might be ready to
give assistance if the enemy should attempt a storm ; fraised

Mat, 1760.] 35
all the most accessible places from the lower town ; mounted
twelve more guns on the ramparts ; finished all the platforrns
between La Glasidre and St, Louis bastions, A small party
was ordered lo lie out every night along ihe high bank of
Cape Diamond, to watch the enemy's motions and prevent
any surprise on that side.
3rd, — w. — Our fire retards the enemy, who seems to
advance slowly. This day, about eleven o'clock, the
fortified house was set on fire, a main avenue to the land side
to the lower town, which was mostly burned. Great
difficulty we had lo prevent the Intendant's house from being
burned, or its spreading to the upper town. The guns
brought yesterday on the rampart were now mounted, and
platforms laid for three howitzers. Began to fill up the
parapet between St. John's and St, Ursula's bastions, and
likewise the left face of the potace. This day, cut out
embrasures for three more guns ; at night a soldier of
Webb's deserted. Ammunition expended this day.
Powder, barrels. Shot, Shells, '
21| .... 24—617 .... 13 in,— 13
18—470  8 " —16
12—459  5|''— 48
ith — N,B,w. — The enemy was observed this day to run out
a boyau to the left of their work and towards St. Ursula's
bastion or St, John's Gate ; mounted four guns on the left of
St Ursula's bastion. Palace-gate was shul up, all but the
wicket. Firing a gun by accident, a box of hand-grentides
took fire, blew up, and wounded an officer and four men ;
one iwenty-foui'-pounder this day rendered unserviceable.
The enemy sent down a vessel which passed the town this
night. Ammunition expended.
Powder, barrels. Shot, Shells,
50  24—179  8 in.— 30
12—210 .... 4f " — 46
18—225

36 [May, 1760.
5th. — The convalescents I ordered to make wadding, whicb
was much wanted, and fill sand-bags ; .ten women from
each regiment were to assist in this work, 3O0 mea
employed lo bring guns from the batteries next the water, to
pat thera on ihe rarapart, and the rest to make embrasures,
fraise the rock towards Beauport, and make several places of
arms on that side. In case the enemy forced the picqueling
at the left of the nine-gun battery, cut down a small house,
which was made into a redoubt to flank the battery and all
the picquetiiig of Cape Diamond ; the enemy's boyau very
little advanced. Ordered the guards to be under arms every
morning an hour before daylight. Sent two faithful
Canadians down the river in a canoe to gain intelligence of
the eneray, and know if there was any shipping in the river.
A soldier of the Royal American regiment deserted this
night from one of the block-houses ; the Rangers were
ordered oul lo fire upon the enemy's workmen two or three
times, in order to retard them.
Ammunition expended.
Powder, barrels. Shot, Shells,
25 .... 24—114 .... 4| in.— 2
18— 82
12— 3
6th — w, — We observed this morning that the eneray had
erected another battery against the bastions La Glasiire and
Cape Diamond, upon which 1 ordered the cannon ta bear
against that part ; in a short lime it was demolished. As
the fenemy now seeraed lo intend carrying on tbeir attack
towards bastions St. Ursula or St, John's gate, the heights
of Cape Diaraond overlooking that ground, I ordered this
afternoon two cavaliers to be erected thereon, to mount
heavy cannon upon them, one of which was instantly begun;.
This evening, two deserters came in, who had been in our
service formerly : their information was, that in the actioii
of the 28lh their left was in great disorder, and had
absolutely refused to advance, when our left gave way ;
that their loss had been very considerable ; that all ibe

May, 1760.] 37
battalions ih Canada Were there completed from chosen
Canadians; that their numbers might be about 15,000;
thai they talked of artillery, but apprehended ihey were but
ill-furnished in that respect, as well as wilh provisions,
of which at present, however, they gave a pretty good
allowance.
Ammunition expended.
Powder, barreh. Shot. Shells,
65 .... 24—298 .... 13 in,— 7
18—323 .... 8 "-55
12—147 .... 6i" — 2
41" — 2
Hh — Morning — w. — The men continued working in the
cavaliers, and mounting guns on the ramparts ; brought
up frora the lower town four thirty-two-pounders and two
twenty-four-pounders — the former intended for the cavaliers.
The enemy busied in repairing their batteries ; saw them
land two pieces of cannon out of a schooner which came
down this day. Signals were made along the coasts on
the Island of Orleans, Ih the evening, a topsail vessel and
a schooner of the enemy's were seen going up the river.
A fine breeze sprung up at north-east. Some men poisoned
by a root resembling a parsnip.
Ammunition expended.

Powder, barrels.

Shot,

Shells,

40 ....

24—

• • • •

13 in,— 7

18—

• • • •

8 " —25

12—

• • o •

5J" — 3

8—
• • • •
4|" -6
8th  n.e. — The men employed still on the cavaliers ; got
up six guns from the lower town. The signals in the country
repeated and increased. Observed the enemy had begun
another battery more lo the right, intended against the right
face and counter-guard of La Glasiire bastion. Ordered
a continual fire lo be kept on it all night, in order to demolish
38 [May, 1760.
the same. This evening, about half-an-hoar after eleven,
the French schooner gone down the river repassed the town,
and joined the French fleet.

Ammunition expended.

Powder, barrels.

Shot.

Shells.

96

24 — 421 ....

13 in —18

18 305

8 " —36

12 362
4|" —17
9th — N,E. — Observed that the last night's fire had prevented
the enemy's working, and had almost ruined their batteries ;
the cavaliers finished, all lo the merlons ; the artillery, being
very weak, was obliged to complete their additionals to 450.
This morning, between ten and eleven, we had the joyful
sight of a ship which hoisted British colours in return lo
those we shewed al the citadel ; she proved to be the
Lowstaff frigate, commanded by' Capt. Deane, who left
Europe with Commodore Swanlon the 9th of March,
I acquainted him wilh our situation, and desired he raight
remain here to co-operate wilh us in anything that might
be for His Majesty's service. Received intelligence the
eneray intended storming us this night or the next. Ordered
one-half of the men off duty to remain wilh their arms upon
the ramparts all night ; the other half lo be ready lo turn out.
Resolved, wilh Capt. Deane, to send a schoorier down the
river to hastequp any of our ships he might meet. I put
a serjeant and 12 men on board, and Capt. Deane sent
a raidshipraan in her ; she sailed this night.
Ammunition expended.
Powder, barrels. Shot, Shells,
95  24—560  13 in,— 3
18—360  8 " —30
12—240
lOth. — The wind came about to the southward this day,
and it rained. The schooner returned, having touched as
she went down, and lost her rudder ; shifted everything
from on board to a sloop, which was sent down this night
May, 1760,] 39
on the same errand. Demanded of Moiisieur de Levis the
recovered men, as stipulated by the cartel ; ordered the
gunners to level at the batteries, as 1 was diffident of our
works. Settled with Capt. Deane that the Porcupine sloop
should be hove-off, repaired, completed with guns, and
prepared for sea in the best manner ppssible, which he
readily look upon himself to do. One twenty-four-pounder
and three carriages rendered unserviceable ; one Iwenly-
four-pounder burst, killed two raen, and wounded two more.
We began to mount guns on the cavaliers and run a
stockade through the ditch of Cape Diamond bastion. A
large parly had been eraployed these four days past to
fraise the face of the rock towards the river Si, Charles.
Got four more cannon from the lower town ; mounted two
on the cavaliers, and changed some twelve-pounders that
were on La Glasiire and Cape Diamond bastions, and put
twenty-four-pounders in their places.
Ammunition expended.
Powder, barrels. Shot, Shells,
119 .... 24—489 .-.. 13 in,— 32
18—496 .... 8 « —121
12—229 .... 4|-"— 130
1 Ith — N,B. — Monsieur de Levis answered me in polite terms,
that he could not allow the recovered men to return into a
town that was besieged. To this I replied by quoting the
27th article of the cartel, which included all the possible
cases of war. About ten o'clock this morning the enemy
opened two batteries, one of six guns and the other of four,
and seven mortars, none larger than 18-pounders ; several 12,
8, and 4-pound shots were picked up. Had the coehorns laid
in readiness in case the enemy should attempt to advance
their boyau under favour ol the batteries they had opened.
Gave particular directions to the artillery to be careful in
the management of that branch ; to keep always a superiority
of fire over the enemy, but not to squander away the
ammunition unnecessarily — in short, to be cautious and sure.

40 [May, 1760.
The enemy dismounted three of our guns — two twenty-four
and one twelve-pounder. This night, about 9 or 10 o'clock,
a schooner ol the enemy's passed the town, notwithstanding
the cannon of our batteries and of the frigate.

Ammunition expended.
Powder, barrels. Shot, Shells
155 .... 32— 12
24—809
18—501
12—390 8— 5

13 in,— 31
8 " —156
5i" — 29
41 « — 90

I2th — N.E, — The enemy did not appear to have raade any
great progress this morning ; only the battery upon their
right was observed to be more forward, and opened at eight
o'clock, consisting of two twenty-fours and one twelve.
pounder; their fire was directed to the right face of the
bastion of La Glasiire, under which lies a counter-guard, or
false bray. One of these guns was soon silenced. One of
the cannon of the enemy's six-gun battery played in the same
direction and on the same face. The chief acting-engineer
' reported to rae, at four this afternoon,- that, having observed
¦ the enemy direct their fire very briskly lo the above-mentioned
pari, he had been out to observe the effect, and was
surprised to fipd it so great, owing, as he supposed, to the
rottenness and badness of the wall. I went myself to
examine it, and found it in the condition reported. Thia
was mailer of astonishment, the enemy having fired but a
short time, and at such a distance as rendered the effect very
surprising. Ordered a party of men to clear the rubbish as
soon as it was dark. The men have been chiefly employed
this day in bringing up ammunition to the artillery. Finished,
however, the traverses in the flank of La Glasiire bastion,
and carried on the picqueling in front of it and Cape Diamond
bastion. Finished this day the works from Palace-gate
along Otway's camp up to the Grand Battery, which are
now in a good posture of defence. From the opening of

May, 1760.] 41
the batteries yesterday till six; this evening, four men killed'
and nine wounded. To save the men as much as possible,
ordered this evening only one-third of the men to stand to
their arms during the night. It is observable that both shot
and shells appear new, which tallies with the intelligence
received during the winter that they were casting them at
Trois-Rivi^res, This day they threw carcases. A parly
employed at night to make merlons to the cavaliers, to
repair the embrasures which had suffered, and to complete
the traverses. We silenced four of the enemy's cannon and
hurt their batteries much ; one of our eighteens and one
twelve-pounder rendered unserviceable.
Ammunition expended.

Powder, barrels.

Shot,

Sheila,

110

24^-453

¦ • • •

13 in.— 15

12—455

• • • •

8 « — 97

18—402

• • • •

4|« —120

I3th, — ^N.E. — Last night 200 hundred men were employed
to repair the embrasures and clear the rubbish in the ditch
below the face and counterguard of La Glasiire bastion,
which had been knocked down yesterday by the enemy's
cannon ; sorae also were eraployed about the cavalier. At
break of day signals were raade along both shores ; a rocket
was thrown up on the Beauport side, and another at Point
Levi ; answered by a gun frora the frigate, Mons. de Levis
this day informed me by letter that he was sending a courier
to Mons. de Vaudreuil about my demand, as he could not
pretend to take upon him to settle that point. The enemy's
ships were observed to have moved more into the streara, as
the eneray directed several shells and carcases to the Jesuits'
college. Ordered provisions oi every species lo be put on
board the Porcupine sloop and schooner, as much as they
could conveniently stow ; this, though, indeed, is rather a
pretence, as I intend to provide for a retreat in case it
becomes absolutely necessary. Some of the enemy's cannon

42 [May, 1760.
which had been silenced last night fired again this morning,
but were in a short lime silenced a second time. The wall
has not been damaged near as much this day as the last.
Notwithstanding the enemy has fired a good deal at the
cavaliers, that designed for two guns has been, entirely
finished and the guns mounted. We have been employed
also in finishing the palisades before Cape Diamond, and
continuing the traverses. This afternoon we removed three
howitzers and mounted three cannon. The French have
made no visible progress during these last twenty-four hours.
Within that lime one man has been killed and two wounded.
A 13-inch mortar burst this day.

Ammunition

expended.

Powder, barrels.

Shot,

Shells,

70 ....

24—279

¦ • • •

13 in,— 11

18—310
• ¦ ¦ •
8 " 59
12—163
• ¦ • ¦
5^ " —92
4f « —98
lith — E, — This morning the wind southerly and rain.
At the break of day the enemy played ten guns from their
different batteries, which were partly silenced by us at noon.
From this time their fire has been very slack the whole day,
and little or no damage has been done to the wall. The
workmen have been employed making banquets to the left
face of La Glasiire bastion and raising merlons to the four-
gun cavalier. No apparent alteration in the enemy's works.
No man killed or wounded these last twenty-four hours.
Ammunition expended.
Powder, barrels.
Shot:
Shells,
25 ....
24—139
• • ¦ •
13 in,— 4
18— 65
» • • •
8 " —34
12— 62
• • • •
5J" —23
4|" —92
I5th. — This morning sprung up a very strong breeze at
north-east. The French very silent this day, and do not seera
Mat, 1760.] 43
to have made any nearer approaches. The men employed in
raising banquets for musketry behind the merlons of La
Glasiere's right flank, and along the stockades. Between
Cape Diamond and the citadel, the four-gnn cavalier finished.
Began a ravelin between St, Louis and St, Ursula's bastions,
to cover Port St, Louis and the curtain. The damage done
to the block-houses by the enemy's cannon quite repaired.
This evening, about 9 o'clock, a strong north-easter blowing,
anchored in the basin the Vanguard, Commodore Swanton,
with the Diana, Captain Schomberg, and the schooner
Laurence, Lieut. Fortye. This last vessel I had sent down the
20th of April, to acquaint Lord Colvil of the intelligence I had
received of the enemy's preparations. The schooner I sent
the 11th met them at Bie, and informed the Commodore of
our situation ; he lost not an instant, and the wind seconding
his good intentions, in one day he got up to this place, "We
were certainly much indebted to his diligence. This night,
about ten o'clock, intercepted a courier from the officer
commanding on the Beauport side, carrying his information
to Mons. de Lgvis of the arrival of the ships, which he took
to be French ; upon which it was concerted between
Commodore Swanton and myself that he should attack the
frigates with the first of the tide in the morning, and, to
persuade the enemy the ships that came up were not our
friends, that I should beat to arms about one in the morning,
as if much alarmed. The parly of Beauport consisted of
their, light horse, Canadians, and some Indians, who were
raising a battery there. No man killed or wounded.
Ammunition expended.
Powder, barrels. Shot, Shells,
22  24—108  13 in.— 12
18— 48  8 " —36 X
12— 38 .... 5J« —33
.9—11  4|" —50
I6th. — This morning, about one o'clock, the enemy,
probably to gain intelligence, broke in upon our advanced

44 [May, 1760,
chain of sentries ; killed one and carried off another. Beat
to arms, as concerted above. Commodore Swanton in the
Vanguard, wilh the Lowstaff and Diana, got under sail as
soon as the tide served, and went up the river to attack the
enemy's frigates ; they ran fpr it, but six of them got on shore,
the Pomona in particular, on board of which was great part of
the eneray's aramunition. This day we continued the ravelin,
which was near finished, except the ditch and glacis. The
parapets that wanted filling were this day corapleled ; the
enemy fired only four shells and a few shot. Four deserters
came in this evening, who reported that the enemy was
making the necessary preparations to retreat — that, however,
they had reinforced the trenches and posted the grenadiers
there. Ordered the artillery to fire on the trenches this night,
till about one or two in the morning, when it might naturally
be supposed they would begin to retreat, at which time they
were to fire into the country entirely.

Ammunition

expended.

Powder, barrels.

Shot,

Shells,

172

32— 5

¦ • • •

13 in.— 17

24 671
• • • •
8 « — 35
18—1132
• • • •
4f " —103
12— 230
• ¦ • •
nth. — ^This morning I intended a strong sortie, and for that
purpose had ordered the lightinfantry, grenadiers, Amherst's,
Townsend's, Lascelles's, Anstruther's, and Fraser's, under
arms, Lieut, McAlpin, whom I had sent before to make
small sallies and amuse the enemy, returned, and reported
that the trenches were abandoned. I instantly pushed out
with these corps, in hopes to come up with their rear ; but
ihey were too expeditious : their rear crossed the Caprouge
before we could reach them. We took several prisoners,,
stragglers, and much baggage, Which otherwise would have
escaped. We took their camp standing, great part of their
stores, ammunition, 34 pieces of cannon — four of Ihem brass
May, 1760.] 45
12-pounders, — six of our own brass field-pieces, six mortars,
four petards, a large provision of scaling-ladders, and
intrenching tools beyond number. Monsieur De Levis wrote
me a letter, requesting I should take care of the sick and
wounded he left behind.
JAS. MURRAY.
. Quebec, 25th May, 1760,

'r^