"I give the/e Books
for tie founding of a College in this Colony'

A

NEW

UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER,

OR

GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY,

CONTAIirillfG

A DESCRIPTION OF THE VARIOUS COUNTRIES, PROVINCES, CITIES, TOWNS, SEAS,
LAKES, RIVERS, MOUNTAINS, CAPES, &c.

KJSOJVJSf WORLD.

APPENDIX,

CONTAINING AN ACCOUNT OF THE MONIES, WEIGHTS, AND MEASDRES OF VARIOUS COUNTRIES, WITH
TABLES ILLUSTRATING THI. POPULATION, COMMERCE, AND RESOURCES OF THE UNITED STATES.

ACCOMPANIED WITH AN ATLAS.

BY JEDIDIAH MORSE, D. D. A. A. S. S. H. S.
AWD
RICHARD C. MORSE, A.M.
THIRD EDITION, REVISED AND CORRECTED. *

PUBLISHED BY
SHERMAN CON-VERSE OT NEW-HAVEN,
AND
SILAS ANDRUS OP HARTPORD.
S. CONVERSE, PRINTER.
'isii""

DISTRICT OF CONNECTICUT, ss.
BE IT REMEMBERED, That on the eighth day of August, in the forty-sixth
year of the Independence of the United States of America, Jedjdiah Morse, and
Richard C. Morse, of the said District, have deposited in Ihis office the title of a
Book, the right whereof they claim as Authors and Proprietors, in the words follow
ing, to wit : " A New Universal Gazetteer, or Geographical Dictionary, containing a description of
the various countries, provinces, cities, towns, seas, lakes, rivers, mountains, capes, &c. in the known
world. With an Appetidix, containing an account of the monies, weights, and measures of various
countries, with tables iUustrating the population, commerce, and resources of the United States. Ac
companied ¦vrith an Atlas. By Jedidiah Morse, D. D. A, A. S. S. H. S. and Richard C. Morse, A. M.
Third edition, revised and corrected." In conformity to the act of the Congress of the United
States, entitled, " An act for the eucquragement of learning, by securing the copies of Maps, Charts,
and Books, to the authors and proprietors of such copies, during the times therein mentioned."
CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of Ike District of ConJiectiait,
A true copy of Record, examined and sealed by me,
CHARLES A. INGERSOLL, Clerk of the District of Connecticut.
CW.Sli

PREFACE.

THE preceding editions of this Gazetteer were published in two
volumes, one relating to the Western and the other to the Eastern
Continent. The former was edited exclusively by the senior author
of the present edition ; the latter, in connection with his friend the
Rev. Elijah Parish, D. D. In the present edition it has been deem
ed expedient to comprise both continents under one alphabet, and for
the sake of more convenient reference, to publish the whole in a sin
gle volume. Instead of the assistance of his worthy friend, the au
thor has availed himself of the labors of his son, whose name is as
sociated with his own upon the title-page ; and it is proper also to add
in this connection, that most of the tables in the Appendix, and the
principal articles relating to the United States, were prepared by Sid-
net E. Morse, A. M.
The basis of the present volume, so far as relates to the Eastern
Continent, is the New Edinburgh Gazetteer, now nearly completed
in six volumes, and " executed by six different authors of literary
eminence, each taking a separate department." This work is an am
ple digest of the most valuable geographical materials recently pub
lished in Great Britain, and appears generally to have faithfully no
ticed all the raodern changes ; a point of the more importance, since
the common Gazetteers published in England still continue the inser
tion of obsolete divisions, and even describe the most noted kingdoms
with boundaries which have long since ceased to exist. Besides the
information derived from the Edinburgh Gazetteer, the articles of the
Eastern Continent have been improved from -a variety of sources.
The geography of the German States, particularly, hitherto regarded
as peculiarly complicated, has been made much more accurate by the
use of Kramer's Lehrbuch der Geographic der Staaten des deutschen
Bundes. In regard to our own country, the principal dependence in respect
to what may fie called permanent geography, has been on the various
geographical works of the senior author ; the information in which
has been gradually collected during a space of more than thirty
years, partly by correspondence w^ith gentlemen of the first intelli
gence in the various States, and partly by consultation of standard
works as they have appeared from time to time. Much information
has also been recently collected by correspondence, and extensive
personal travels. The valuable works which have lately been pub-

4 PREFACE.
lished on various parts f»f the country, have been systematically, and
it is believed faithfully digested. A catalogue of the publications to
which we are principally indebted, is annexed to this preface. ^
Particular attention has been given to the accounts of Missionary
Stations. The principal authorities in this department of the work
are the London Missionary Register, the Missionary Herald publish
ed in Boston, and the Reports of the several Missionary Societies.
The first table in the Appendix contains a summary result of the re
searches of the senior author in relation to the number and position
of the various Indian tribes in this country ; but a more particular
account is reserved for publication in another form. In the tables on
the Commerce and Resources of the United States, much assistance
was derived from Pitkin's Statistical View of the Commerce of the
United States, and Seybert's Statistical Annals ; but the statements
are generally exhibited in a new form, and are frequently the result
of laborious calculations : many of them also are brought down to
the present time from other sources.
Abbreviations, though long since abandoned in Great Britain, are
still used by German Geographers, and have been adopted by us.
When not carried to excess, they are attended with obvious advanta
ges. In the present volume they are used only in words of frequent
occurrence, and the explanation is generally obvious.
In a work of this general nature it is impossible to avoid error.
No man can describe the whole world, or even the whole of an ex
tensive country from personal observation. He must of necessity rely
on others, who will often lead him astray. All that can reasonably be
demanded of the General Geographer is a diligent collection and
faithful use of the best materials. To accomplish this we have spared
neither industry nor expense, yet none can be more sensible than we
ourselves that many articles will be found defective, and many state
ments erroneous. We shall be much obliged by any communications
which will enable us to improve a future edition. To the Heads of
the different departments of the General Government, and to all the
gentlemen who have obligingly furnished us with documents or
manuscripts, for the improvement of the present edition, we tender
our grateful acknowledgments. The public patronage abundantly
experienced in times past, and recently manifested in a very liberal
subscription 'for the present volume, will stimulate to increased efforts
to render future editions more worthy of approbation.
New-Haven, August 8th, 1821.

A
CATALOGUE
or THE PRINCIPAL WORKS CONSULTED IN COMPILING THIS GAZETTEER.

Americana Archaeologia, or Transactions of the American Antiquarian Society,
1st vol. 8 vo. Worcester, 1820.
American Medical and Philosophical Register, 4 vols. 8 vo. New- York, 1814.
American Missionary Register, New- York.
Blodgel's Statfstical Manual for the United States, 1810.
Blunt's Picture of New-York, 1817.
Bouchette's Topographical Account of Canada, and maps, 8 vo. London, 1815.
Bourne's map of Ohio, 1820.
Brackenridge's Views of Louisiana, 8 vo. 1814.
Carrigan's map of New-Hampshire, 1818.
Cincinnati Directory, 12 mo. 1819.
Connecticut and Rhode-Island Gazetteer, by Pease & Niles, 8 vo. 1819.
Connecticut, map of, by Warren & Giilett, 1821.
Darby's Tour from New-York to Detroit, 8 vo. 1819.
Dearborn's Memoir of the Commerce and Navigation of the Black Sea, 2 vols.
8 vo. Boston, 1819.
Drake's Picture of Cincinnati, 12 mo. 1815.
Dwight's Statistical Account of New-Haven, 1811.
Eddy's map of New-York, 1818.
Emigrant's Guide to the Western and South- Western States, by William Darby,
8 vo. 1818.
Emigrant's Directory, or Western Gazetteer, by Samuel R. Brown, 8 vo. 1817.
Field's Statistical Account of the county of Middlesex in Connecticut, 1819.
Forbes' Sketches of Florida, 8 vo. 1821.
Greenleaf's Statistical V'ew of Maine, 8 vo. 1816.
Harmon's Journal of Travels in the interior of N. America, 8 vo. 1820.
Hassel's Statistische Uebersichts-Tabellen, folio, Gottingen, 1809.
Kramer's Gebgraphie der Staaten des deutschen Bundes, 8 vo. Bremen, 1818.
Lewis and Clark's Expedition to the sources of the Missouri and to the Pacific
Ocean, 2 vols. 8 vo. 1814.
London Missionary Register.
Melish's maps.
Missionary Herald.
M'Murtrie's Sketches of Louisville, 8 vo. 1819.
Morris' Statistical Account of Litchfield county. Conn. 1815.
National Calendar for 1820, and 1821, 12 mo. Washington City.
National Intelligencer, for 9 years, (1812 — 1821.)
New-Hampshire Gazetteer, by E. &;P. Merrill, 8 vo. 1817.
New-York Gazetteer, by H. G. Spafford, 8 vo. 1813.
North American Review, Boston.
Ohio Gazetteer, by John Kilbourn, A. M. 12 mo. 1819.
Pike's Expeditions to the sources of the Mississippi, Arkansaw, &c. 8 vo. 1810.
Pitkin's Statistical View of the Commerce of the United States, 2d edition, 8
vo. Hartford, 1817.

6 CATALOGUE, &c.
Quarterly Review, London.
Ree's Cyclopedia, American edition.
Report of the Secretary of the Treasury on Roads and Canals, 1808.
Schoolcraft's View of the Lead mines of Missouri, 8 vo. 1819.
Schoolcraft's Narrative of the Expedition to the sources of the Mississippi, 8 vo.
1821. .?>
Scoresby's Account of the Arctic Regions, 2 vols. 8 vo.
Seybert's Statistical Annals of the United States, 4 to. Philadelphia, 1818.
Shaw's description of Bo'ston, 12 mo. 1817.
Silliman's Tour from Hartford to Quebec, 12 mo. New-Haven, 1820.
Silliman's American Journal of Science and Arts, New-Haven.
Smith's View of Upper Canada, 12 mo. 1813.
Stoddard's Sketches of Louisiana, 8 vo. 1812.
Sturges' map of Georgia, 1818.
Thomas's Travels in the Western country, 12 mo. 1819.
Van Zandt's description of Illinois and Missouri, 8 vo. 1818.
Whipple's Geographical and Statistical View of Maine, 1816.

EXPLANATION OF THE ABBREVIATIONS.

an.A. Turkey.
cap.CO.
Conn, or Ct.
dep.
Eng. Eu. Turkey.
Hind. -
isl. -
Ken. m.
Mass. -
Md. -
N.H. -
N. C.

ancient.Asiatic Turkey.
capital. county. Connecticut.
department. England.European Turkey.
Hindoostan. island.
Kentucky.
miles. Massachusetts. Maryland.New-Hampshire. North Carolina.

N.J.

New-Jersey.

N.Y. -

New-York.

Pa. -

- Pennsylvania.

p-t.

post town.

p-v. -

- post village.

Pop.

Population.

r. - -

- river.

R. L

Rhode-Island.

S. C. -

South Carolina

Switz.

- Switzerland.

s-p.

seaport.

Ten.

Tennessee.

t. - -

- town.

Va. -

Virginia.

U. States.

United States.

Vt.

Vermont.

Note. — In all places iu the United States, when the population is expressed without date, it is un
derstood to be according to the census of 1810.

NEW UNIVERSAL GAZETTEER,

OR

GEOGRAPHICAL DICTIONARY.

A A L

J\. A, r. Switzerland, runs into lake Lucerne ; an
other of this name falls into the lake of Waldstad-
ten; and another into the Aar, 3 m. S. W. of
Brugg. .40, r. France, rises near Rumilly, dep. of the
Pas de Calais, becomes navigable at St. Omer, af
ter which it divides into three branches, and falls
into the sea below Gravelines.
Aa, r. in the Dutch province of Overyssel, falls
into the lake of Giter, the issue of which is into
the Zuyder Zee, near Blockzyl.
Aa, or Aade, r. in Dutch Brabant, runs into the
Dommel, below Bois le Due.
Aa, r. Saxony, falls into the lake of Blanken;
There are two rivers of this name in Holland, which
empty into the Vetch, and the old Yssel rivers.
Aa, r. in Semigallia, Courland, runs into the
gulphof Riga,
Aabenrade. See Apenrade.
Aach, t. Suabia, 32 m. N. W. of Constance.
Aachen. See Aix la Chapelle.
Aachen. See Stockach.
Aadeneh, v. Syria, 32 m. N, of Aleppo.
Aag-Holm, isl. on the coast of Norway.
Adha'os, or Ahus, in the bishopric of Munster,
a rich bailiwick, comprising Iburtowns and twenty
parishes, and yielding a revenue of above 16,000
florins, or 1500Z. sterling.
Aahaus, t. 32 m. N. W. of Munster. Pop. 1,600.
Aakiar, v. Denmark, bp. Aarhuus, Jutland.
Aakirke, t. Denmark, iu the isL of Bornholm.
Aaland. bee Aland.
Aalborg, one of the four bishoprics of N. Jut
land, in the N. part of the peninsula. Pop. about
90,000. Aalborg, the capital of the above, is a large
and populous town, and, after Copenhagen and
Odensee, the most opulent in Denmark. It
carries on a good trade in corn and excellent her-
pings. The harbor is deep and safe, though at

AAR
one place rather difficult of entrance. 30 m. N. of
Wiborg. Lat. 67° 3' N.
Aalburgh, a large v. Holland, near the Mease.
Aalsmer, v. Holland. Pop. 1,800.
Aalten, t. Dutch Guelderland, on the frontier of
Munster. Pop. 3,520.
Aamara, a seaport of Barca, Africa, 60 m. S. E.
of Tabarca.
Aanstoot, v. Holland, in Guelderland.
Aar, or Aren, r. in Switzerland, falls into the
Rhine near Coblentz, in the canton of Aargau.
Aara, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, 25 m. S. "W. Madian.
Aaraitan, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Diarbekir, on
the river Khabur, 18 m. S. E. of Ras-ain, 53 E.
N. E.ofRacca. Lat 36° 21' N. Lon.40°E.
Aarau. See Arau.
Aarberg, t. Switzerland, 9 m. fr. Berne.
Aarburg, t. on the Aar, Switzerland, has a castle.
Aardel^iord, gulf, on the coast of Norway.
Aardenbitrg, t. Holland, 11 m. N. E. of Bruges.
Pop. 1,000.
Aaret, t. Norway, 8 m. S. of Stavanger.
Aargau, Argow, Argoma, a Swiss canton. It
has t|ie cantons of Zug and Zurich on the E. the
Rhine on the N. the cantons of Basil and Solothum
on the W. with those of Berne, Lucerne, and pai't
of Zug on the S. Extent, 650 sq. m. Pop. 132,763.
Aarhuus, one of the four bishoprics of N. Jut
land, extending from the Categat to the bp. of Wi
borg. Pop. about 140,000.
Aarhuus, capital of the above bp. lies on a
pleasant level between the sea and an inland lake,
connected by a canal dividing the town into two
equal parts. It enjoys a good trade with Livonia,
Sweden, Norway, Holland, England, France, and
Spain. The chief article of export is com. 48
m. S. of Aallporg. Lon. 10° 13' E. Lat. 56° 10' N.
Aarl an der Veen, v. in N.Holland, 2,050 inhab.
Aarle, lordship, Brabant. The village of the
same name has, with the neighbouring one of Rix-
el, 1,015 inhab. and ia near Helmont on the Aa.

10

ABA

Aaroe. See Arroe.
Aaron, t. France, dep. of Mayenne. It has ex
tensive iron works.
.^roonsftMrg-, p-t. Centre CO. Fa. 15 m. E. Belle-
font, 40 W. by N. fr. Sunbury.
Aaron^s Island, or St. Aaron, an isl. on the N.
W. coast of France, on which St. Malo is built.
Aaruiangen, v. Switz, canton of Berne, 12 m.
E. of Solothurn.
Aarweiler. See Ahrweiler.
I Aas, fort, Norway, 20 m. W. S. W. of Chris-
tiansand. Aatas, t. Turkestan, 65 m. S. E. Andegan.
Aasy, t. France, dep. of the Aisne, with good
iron works, 5 m. S. W. of Chateau-Thierry.
Aba, t. Japan, in the isl. of Ximo, 6 m. S. S. E.
Nangasaky. Aba, mountain of Armenia, whence the Eu
phrates and Araxes have their source.
Abach, borough in Bavaria, on the Danube, 9
m. from Ratisbon.
Abaco. See Previdence, JVeWi
Abacooche. See Coosa.
Abacu, a point of land on the S. coast of St. Do
mingo. Lon. 26° 44' W. Lat. 32° 50' N. ' *
Abacuna, r. S. America, which joins the Ori
noco near the fall of Atures.
Abadan, t. of the pachalic of Bagdad, near the
Persian Gulf. 40 m. S. E. of Eassora.
Abade, v. Egypt, on the Nile. On the same site
was built, in a superior taste, the ancient Greek
city of Abydos. 80 m. S. Cairo.
Abadeh, a walled t. Persia, prov. Fars. Lat. 31°
10' N. Pop. 5,000.
Abafacem, v. Abyssinia, 30 m. E. of Axum.
Abafaja, v. Transylvania, on the Marosch.
Abahai, a country of Chinese Tartary. Lat
44° N. Lon. 115° E.
Abahaner, a country of Chinese Tartary, in
habited by the Mongol Tartars, near the wall of
China. Abaite, r. Brazil, prov. of Minas Geraes, runs
E. and falls into the Rio Francisco. The largest
diamond ever produced in Brazil, was found in
this river.
Abakan, r. Asia, which joins the Enesei 16 m.
S. of Abakausk.
Abakcmsk, a fortified t of Siberia, on the Aba
kan, pfov. of KoUiyvane. 340 m. E. of Kolhy-
vane. Lat. 54° 0' N. Lon. 91° 14' E. Pop. 1,250.
Abalak, t Siberia, 16 m. S. of Tobolsk.
Aban, t. Persia, 65 m. S. oi Kermau.
Aban, t. France, dep. of the Doubs, 3 leagues
from Besancon.
Abana, in Sac. Geog. r. of Syria, which rises in
Mount Lebanon, and passing by Damascus, is lost
in a desert to the south of that city.
Abancourt, t. France, dep. of the North, 5 m.
N. Cambray.
Abanga, t. in Whidah, Africa, 22 m. W. Sabi.
Abano, t. Italy, territory of Padua, noted for its
hot sulphureous baths. Pop. 3,000.
Abaraner, t. Persian Armenia, 25 m. E. Nao-
sivan. Abarcal, t. Portugal, prov. of Beira, 15 m. W.
Lamego. Abareh, v. Kurdistan, on the confines of the des
ert, 48 m.from Nisibis. ¦
Abarim, in Sac. Geog. mountains of Palestine,
on the east side of Jordan, opposite Jericho. Pis-
gali, Nebo, Peor, &c. were particular summits in
thie riu;;e.

A B D
Abarnus, a city, country, and promontory of Pa-
riana, near the Hellespont. The inhab. are poor
and treacherous, and sell their own children. E.
lon. 39° to 43°. N. lat 43° to 45°.
Abary, r. of Guiana, between the Berbice and
the Demerara.
Abarzkaia, t Russia,* gov. of Tobolsk, on the
river Ischim, 128 m. S. E. of Tobolsk.
Abasa, Abascia, or Abghas, Great and Little, a
country of Asia, bounded N. by Circassia, S. by
Mingrelia, and S. W. by the Black sea. The in
habitants are a boW, rebellious, and independent
people, subsisting chiefly by hunting and plunder-
Some of the tribes have chiefs of their own ; oth
ers consider themselves under the protection of
Russia; and several acknowledge no authority.
Pop. about 150,000.
Abaski, t Circassia, 40 m. S. E. Kopiel.
Aba-Ujvar, a palatinate of U. Hungary, bound
ed E. and S. by Semplin, W. by Thorn and Bors-
chod, and N. by Scharosch and Zyps. The coun
try is rich in metals, precious stones, wood, and
wine like Tokay. Pop. 120,000.
Abawi, the name given by the Abyssinians to
the great river which passes throngh tbeir coun
try, and which they consider, erroneously, as
forming the principal head of the Nile. The
name signifies in their language, " The Father of
Waters." Abb, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 63 m. N. E. of Mocha.
Abba del Kuria, isl. in the Indian ocean, 50 m.
W. S. W. of the isl. of Socotra.
Abbas-abad, t. Persia, in Irak, 35 m. W. N. W.
Gnerden. Abbas-abad, t Persia, in Mazanderan, 5 m. N.
E. Ashref.
Abbejioi-t, seaport, Norway, 48 m. S. W. Chris
tiania. Abbensen, v. Hanover, 5 m. S. W. of Buxte-
hude. Abberbury, v. England, 7 m. N. W. Shrewsbury.
Abbeville, t. France, dep. of Somme ; celebra
ted for the manufacture of fine cloth. 9 leagues
N. W. of Amiens, 22 S. of Calais, and 40 N. W. of
Paris. Pop. 18,000.
Abbeville, district. S. C. on Savannah r. Chief
t. Abbeville. Pop. 21,156. Slaves, 6,672.
Abbeville, jp-t. Abbeville district, S. C. 118 m.
W. Columbia. It has a magazine, arsenal, and
goal. Abbey-Feale, v. Ireland, 30 m. fr. Limerick.
Abbey-Green, v. Scotland, 4 m. fr. Lanark.
Abbct/leix, v. Ireland, 48 m. S. W. of Dublin.
Abbey-Milton, v. England, 7 m. N. W. of Bland-
ford. Abbot-Ann, t England, 2J m. from Andovcr.
Abbots-Bromley, t England, 6 m. E. of Stafford.
Abbotsbury, t. England, 8 m. W. S. W. of Dor
chester. Abbotshail, v. Scotland, Fife shire, on N. shore
of the frith of Forth. Abundance of coal is
found here, rising to tlie surface of the ground.
Pop. 2,879. *
Abbofs-Lariailry, v. England, Hertford co. 20
m. from Londou. Pop. 1,300.
. Abbolstoivri, p-t Adams co. Pa. 41 m. S. W
Harrisburg. .'ibbruck, isl. Russia, near the isl. of Oesel.
Abcoude, t. Holland, 5 m. S. Amstei-dam.
Abda, a prov. on the W. coast of Morocco, fa-
mous.for its breed of horses. Pop. 500,000.

ABE
Aidama, 'Si populous village of Syria, gov. of
A^po.
Abd-el-asis, v. Pei-sia, between Erbil and Mosul.
Abdel-kedir, isl. in the Nile, near Girg^.
Abdon, isl. Lat 0° 30' N. Lon. 131° 15' E.
Abdulabad, t. Hindostan, prov. Oude, 5 m. N.
of Manichpore. ^
Abdul-Aseem, v. Persia, in the plain of Tehe
ran. Abdulgunge, t Hindostan, prov. of Oude, 15 m.
N. Chazypore.
AbdiUina, t. Asiatic Russia, 60 m. N. E. Oren
burg. Abdun, t Persia, prov. of Segistan.
Abehira, t. Persia, in Segistan.
Abea, 1 35 m. E. of Semiaar, in Africa.
Abeares, t. Arabia, prov. Hedjas, 80 m. N. of
Saade. Abeile, r. Tartary, branch of the Jihon.
.46e/m, a castle and hamlet, Palestine, on a fine
eminence, 8 m. from Acre.
Abella, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 30 m. N. of Ba-
laguer. Abel-Misraim, in Sac. Geog. otherwise called
the Ihreshing-jloor of Atad, supposed to have been
somewhere westward of Jordan and Jericho.
Abd-Meholah, in Sac. Geog. a place in Pales
tine, W. of the Jordan, pertaining to the half
tribe of Manasseh. It was the native place of
Elisha the prophet, and near it Gideon miracu
lously defeated the Midianites.
Abel-Beth-Maachah, or Abel-Maim, in Sac.
Geog. a strong city N. W. of Damascus, in the
canton of Abilene.
Abel-Shiilim, Sac. Geog. t. in the plains of
Moab, opposite to Jericho, near Jordan. Here
Moses encamped before the Israelites passed the
Jordan under Joshua. Here also, seduced by Ba
lak, they worshipped Baal Peor, and were pun
ished by the instrumentality of the Levites.
Abenberg, t Bavaria, 22 m. N. of Eichstadt
Pop. 1,000.
Abenhtim, v, in the grand dKchy of Hesse, 4i
m. N. W. of Worms.
Abenoja, t. Spain, 20 m. S. W. of Ciudad Real.
Abenoja, r. Spain, which falls into the Gua
diana. '
Abenrade. See Apenrade.
Abensberg, a district and t in Bavaria, on the
river Abens, 20 m. E. of Ingolrfadt Lon. 11°
52'E. Lat 48° 46' N.
Aber, v. Wales, Caernarvon shire, on the sea
coast Pop. 534, 6 m. from Bangor.
Aberawn, t VV'ales, atthemouth of the r. Avon.
Aberbrothock, or Arbroath, seaport Scotland,
Angus Co. Pop. 8,150. 58 m. N. E. Edinburgh,
12 S. W. Montrose.
Aberconway, or Conmay, seaport Wales, 18 m,
fr. Denbigh, SS fr. Caernarvon. Pop. 1,053.
Abercom, v. Scotland, 12 m. W. of Edinburgh.
Abercom, t. Georgia, on Savannali r. 18 m. N.
W. Savannah, 6 fr. Ebeuezer.
Abercouk, t. Persia, 120 m. N. E. of Shiraz.
Abercrombie, t. Effingham co. Lower Canada,
,36 m. N. W. Montreal.
Aberdalgy, v. Scotland, 4 m. fr. Perth.
Aberdeen, city, Scotland, in Aberdeen shire, on
the r. Don, a mile from the sea. It is called Old
Aberdeen, in contradistinction to the town of that
name about a mile distant, from which it is quite
separate, both in civil and ecclesiastical constitu
tion. An university, called King's College, was
founded in 1506. It has professorships of divinit)^

ABE

il

civil law, medicine, humanity, Greek, moral phi
losophy, natural philosophy, mathematics, and
Oriental languages. Belonging to the university
are a very considerable number of bursaries or
endowments for the support of students ; the total
number of whom in 1816 — 1817, was 187. The
library contains 12,935 volumes of printed works,
and several curious manuscripts. i^Epp. 1,911.
Aberdeen, seaport Scotland, Aberdeen Co. aud
tlie principal city of Scotland N. of the river
Forth, A fine bridge, of a single arch, of 132
feet span, of gTanite, was erected recently in Un
ion-street, at an expence of 10,000?. There are
twenty-one places for divine worship in this city,
for different denominations of Christians. Au uni
versity, called Marischal College, was founded
here in the year 1593. The buildings, which oc
cupy a considerable area towards the north-east
part of the city, have been erected at different
periods, and are very irregular. An observatory
has been constructed over a portion of them late
ly, elevated about 60 feet above the court below,
and commanding a spacious view. This institu
tion has a good library, containing about 10,000
volumes. The two universities, King's College
and Marischal College, are quite distinct and in
dependent of each otlier, and some attempts for
their union under one system have proved abor
tive. Marischal College was attended by 220
students during the v/inter session 1816 — 1817, be
sides 105 students of divinity, alternately attend
ing each university. Trade and manufactures
are actively prosecuted to a large extent . The
latter chiefly consist of woollen, linen, and cot
ton, in all their different stages. The principal
exports are grain, fish, thread, hosiery, cotton, and
linen goods, and not less than 7000 tons of granite
yearly, for paving the streets of London. Pop.
33,639. 108 m. N. of Edinburg. Lon. 2° 8' W.
Lat. 57° 9' N.
Aberdeen, co. Scotland, bounded N. and E. by
the German ocean, on the S. by Perth, Forfar, and
Kincardine. POPULATIOEf.
Families 33,718
 engaged in agriculture 13,637
—  in trade and man
ufactures 14,286
 ~ engaged otherwise 5,795
Total Individuals  135,075.
Aberdour, v. Scotland, Aberdeen shire, 8 m.
from Frazerburgh. ^
Aberdour, v. Scotland, Fife shire, 10 m. N. W.
of Edinburgh. Pop. 1,800.
AbmfeUie, v. Scotland, on the Tay, 76 m. N.
W. Efiinburgh.
Aberford, t. England, 8 m. fr. Leeds.
Aberfors, t Russia, gov. of Wiborg, 30 m. W.
of Frederickshamm. .
Abcrfoyle, v. Scotland, Perth shire, 9 m. E.
Kippen. Aberfraw, t in the isl. of Anglesea, 20 m. E. S.
E. of Holyhead. Pop5l,054.
Abergavenny, t En^iid, Monmouth, co. 17 m;
fr. Monmouth. Pop. 2,815.
Abergeley, a seaport in N. Wales, Denbigh -
CO. 12 m. fr. Aberconway. Pop. 1,044.
Abergement le Due, t. France, 8 leagues S. of
Dijon. Pop. 1,600.
Abergement, v. France, dep. of the Ain.
Abergement, t. France, dep. of the Doubs, 12
leagues S. E. of Be3an9on.
Abfrgioilli/, T, S. Wales, 2 m,. E. Caerntarthen

12

A B f

Aberlady, r. Scotland, Haddingtonshire, on the
S. shore of the Forth, 16 m. from Edinburgh.
Aberlemmo, V. Scotland, Angu shire, has two
singular obelisks, covered with rude sculptures. 4
B1.S. of Brechin.
Abernethy, t. Scotland, Perth shire. Here is a
tiirbular pillar, 74 feet high, and 16 in diameter ;
consisting ,of^ regular courses of hewn stone.
1 m. from Peril. Pop. 1,035.
Abernethy, v. Scotland, Elginshire, 30 m. S. E.
of Inverness. Pop. 1,709.
Abertamm, t of Bohemia, circle of Elubogen,
1,130 houses.
Aberustwith,v. 'Engla.nd, Monmouthshire. Pop.
1,626. Aberystwith, seaport S. Wales, Cardigan shire,
39 m. N. of Cardigan. Pop. 2,264. Lat 52° 17'
N. Lon. 4° 20' W. .
Abestad. See Afvestad.
Abex, a name given to the region along the W.
coast of the Red sea, between Abyssinia and E-
gypt. It consists chiefly of mountains and deserts,
and has been very little explored. Between Lat
17° and 24° N.
Abgherm, t. Persia, prov. of Irak, 150 m. E. N.
E. Ispahan.
Abha, a market v. of Abyssinia, near Massuah.
Abher, t of the Persian Irak, or ancient Parthia,
in Asia, delightfully situated, and adorned with
fine gardens and elegant public buildings. 26 m.
S. E. from Sultania.
Abhosagur, t. Tibet, on tlie Ganges, 130 m. N.
N. W. of Sirinagar. ,
Abi-Atrah, r. Persia, running into the Caspian
sea, 30 m. N. N. W. of Ashor.
Abia, r. in the N. part of the isl. of Borneo, with
14 feet water on a bar at the mouth in spring tide,
opposite to the isle of Usookan.
Abiad, Bahr el, r. Africa, is considered as the
head of the Nile. It rises in the Mountains of the
Moon, several hundred miles S. of Darfoor.
Abiad, t on the coast of Abex, ou a high moun-
taSn, and remarkable for its trade in ebony and ar-
omatick plants.
Abia-Grasso, t. Italy, dutchy of Milan, 12 m. S.
W. of Milan.
Abiar-Alana, t Arabia, prov. of Hedjas, 3?m.
W. Ailah.
Abiasco, v. Switzerland, on the r. Blegno.
Abid, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 12 m. Si of Doran.
Abild, t. Sweden, prov. of Halland, 20 m. N. of
Helmstadt. Abilene, in Sac. Geog, a small canton in Coelo
Syria, W, of Damascus, between Libanus and
Antilibanus, of which Lysanias was for some time
tetrarch. Abin, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 60 m. N. E. of Aden.
./ibineau, or Long Point, a narrow neck of land,
which projects into Lake Erie, about 10 m. W.
of Fort Erie.
Abineau Port, on the N. side of Lake Erie, 13
m. TV. S. W. from Fort Erie.
Abingdon, i. England, Berks shire, on the
Thames. Pop. 4,801. 6 m. S. of Oxford, and 56
W.N.W. of London,
Abingdon, t. Harford co. Md. 20 m. N. E. Balti
more. Pop, 300.
Abingdon, p-t. and cap. Washington co. Va.
near the S. W. corner of the slate, 260 m. from
Richmond. A cave, arched with a massy rock,
penetrates 300 feet into the hill on which the town
stands. It has several apartments, aud a brook
running through il.

ABO
Abington, p-t Plymouth ca. Mass; 18 m. S. E.
Boston. Pop. 1,704. «
Abington, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. 145 m. N. E.
Harrisburgh, 15 N, E. Wilkesbarre. Pop. 511.
Abington, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 12 m. N. Phil
adelphia. Pop. 1,236.
Abipones, warlike Indians who inhabit between
28° and 30° S. lat on the banks of the river Plata.
Number about 5,000. During the five winter
months the country which they inhabit is inunda
ted, when they retire to live in the islands or on
the tops of trees.
Abira, t Persia, prov. of Kerman, 68 m. E. S.
E, of Kerman.
Abirekara, t. Egypt, on the road into Syria, 10
m. S. W. of Belbeis.
Abisca, prov. of Peru, E, of the Andes, and S.
of Cuzco. It is little known, consisting entirely
of woods, rivers, aud lakes, being the refuge
of many barbarous nations of Indians, who have
been driven out of the more frequented parts of
the country.
Abiscoun, t Persia, in the prov. of Korassan, on
the river of the same name, 10 m. W. of Assera-
bad, and 40 W. of Jorjan. Lat 37° 10' N. Lon.
54° 5' E.
Abiscoun, T.Tersia.. It falls into the Caspian 20
m. W. Abiscoun. *
Abismes, Quartet des, that part of the island of
Guadaloupe which looks to the north-east
Abiso, or Abissa, r. Sicily, which falls into the-
sea between Syracuse and Cape Passaro.
Abitibbi, a small lake. Upper Canada ; also the
name of a river which running N. joins Moose
river near its mouth at James bay.
Abitigas, a numerous and warlike nation of bar
barous Indians, in the province and jurisdiction
of Turma in Peru, who live a wandering life ia
the woods.
Abiverd, or Baverd, t Persia, prov. of Korassan,
350 m. S. S. W. of Samarcand. Lat 38° 16' N.
Lon. 76° E.
Abkuren, r. Persia, running into the Bend
Emir, 14 m. S. E. of BaJza.
Ablach, r. Germany, which falls into the Dan
ube, near Scheer, in Wirtemberg.
Ablaiket, t Russian Tartary. Here are the re
mains of a great temple, said to have been erected
before the.year 1671, by Ablai, a Kalmuck chief,
to the gods of his nation ; the whole surrounded
byawall 15 feet high. Though nowin a state of ra
pid decay, some MSS. regarding the Mongols and
Tanguts, were here preserved, during last cen
tury. 540 m. S. E. of Tobolsk. Lon. 82° 14' E.
Lat 49° 20' N.
Ablaket, mt Asiatic Russia, gov. of Kolhyvane,
between the rivers Irtisch and Ablaket.
Ableutsch. See Abiasco.
Ablis, t France, dep. of the Seine and Oise, be;-
tween Paris and Chartres. Pop. 800.
Ablitas, t in Navai-re, 9 m. S. of Tudela.
Abloe, t Little Tartary, lying between the river
Dnieper and the Black saa. E. Lon. 33° 15'. N.
Lat 46° 20'.
Ablon, t France, dep, of the Seine and Oise, on
the Seine, 10 m, S. S. E, of Paris.
Abnub, V, Egypt, on tlie Nile, 7 m. S. of Kenne.
Abo, the capital of Finland, hes at the extremi
ty of the promontory formed by tlie gulfs of Both
nia and Finland, on the river Aura jocki, which
runs through the tovra. It has a commpdious hai^
bor, and drives a considerable trade with other
towns iu Finland, in corn, catUe, fish, wood, inon,

A B R

ABU

13

tar, and cloth. Its foreign commerce extends to
England, Holland, and, in a small degree, to the
Mediterranean. Here are manufactories of cloth,
silk, cotton, ropes, and paper, along with a sugar
refinery; there are hkewise two dock-yards,andone
of the best glass houses in the Russian dominions.
Pop. in 1791, 11,500. Gustavus Adolphus founded
here an academy in 1628, which, in 1640, was
raised to the rank of a university. A number of
Finnish and Russian youths here qualify them
selves for the bar or pulpit Lon. 22° 7' E. Lat
60°28'N. Abo, t, in tlie desert tract immediately south
of Teyzan, in Africa. It is the principal place of
the rock Tibbo. Lon. 16° 56' E. Lat 26° 20' N.
Abokna, t Africa, 100 m. E. S. E. Sennaar.
Abola, one of the divisions of the Acow in Abys-
sinisL. It is a valley half to a mile vride, fenced
E. and W, by mountains, covered to the summit
with herbage and acasia trees.
Abomey, capital of the kingdom of Dahomey,
which lies a littie inland from the Slave Coast of
Africa, and is noted for the ferocious despotism of
its government The roof of the king's house is
said to be adorned with human skulls, and piles of
heads, erected on each side of the gates. Pop.
24,000. Lon. 0° 55' E. Lat . 7° 50' N.
AbondaTice, t. in Savoy, 3 m. fr. Geneva.
Aboro, t and district, on the Gold Coast of
Guinea, on the river Ancobra, immediately be
hind Axim.
Aboro, a market t in the kingdom of Acra, on
the Gold Coast of Africa.
Aborroen, a seaport, Brazil, prov. of Seara.
Aboucais, mt. of Arabia, 3 miles from Mecca,
where, according to a tradition among the Ma
hometans, Adam was buried.
Abouillona, or Abellionte, lake, Asiatic Turkey,
in NatoUa, at the foot of Mount Olympus, A riv
er called Lupat issues from the west end of the
lake, which is navigable by boats to the sea of
Marmora. 8 m. from Bursa.
Aboukir, t of Egypt, with a castle, 10 m, N. E.
of Alexandria. This was the point chosen by Sir
Ralph Abercromby to effect his lauding in 1801.
Aboukir, isl. about a league from the town.
Aboukir Bay, formed on the W. side by the
point of land on which tlie town is situated, and
on the east by that which lies at the mouth of the
Rosetta branch of the Nile. In this bay was
fought by Lord Nelson, in 1801, the famous battle
of the Nile, in which thirteen French sail of the
line were taken or destroyed. The country around
is barren. Abouthesy, t. Palestine, near Saphet.
Aboutige, or Abutige; t of Upper Egypt in the
Thebais, on the W. bank of the Nile, a little S, of
Siout The • best of opium is made out of the
, abundance of poppies which grow here. 170 m.
S. of Cairo. Lat 26° 50' N,
Abra, t Africa, 60 m. E. S. E. Sennar.
^ Abra, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed, 20 m. N. W. of Ja-
mama. Abra, isl, in the straits of Magellan,
AbrcAi, t in the interior of the Gold Coast of
Africa, the capital of Fantee.
Abraham^ aha, v; Hungary, Jyps Co.
Abram, t England, in Lancashire. Pop. 502.
Abramtes, fortified town on the Tagus, in Portu
guese Estremadura, 45 m. E. Lisbon.
Abrany, two vs. Hungary, Bihar co.
Abrega, t in Istria, JO m, N. Rovigno.

Abreiro. t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes.
Abreisha, t in the island of Cyprus, 16 m. N. N.
E, Baffa.
Abreolhos, Abrolhos, or Abreogos, Point of, on
the^coastof Brazil, in Lon, 30° 51' 30" W. Lat
18° 19' 30" S. Near this point are some hidden
rocks or sand banks, on whicl> nulnbere of vessels
have suffered shipwreck. These sand banks are
more than 20 leagues from the continent, and, cal
culated from their centre, lie in Lon. 39° 18' W.
Lat. 17° 51' 20" S.
Abres, or Les Abres,t. France, dep. ofthelsere.
Abries, or Aurieu, t France, dep. of the Upper
Alps, 16 leagues E. S. E. of Gap.
Abris, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Caramania, 27 m.
E. S. E. Erekli.
Abrojos, or Baxos de Babuca, a bank E, of Turksr
Islands, W. I. Lon. 70° 40' W. Lat. 21° 5' N.
Abron, r. France, which runs into tlie Loire,
between Avril and La Motte.
Abrug-Banya, or Abrobania, a small town in
Transylvania, on the Ompa, 21 m. from Alba Ju
lia. It is the principal of what are called the met
al towns. Lon, 22° 10' E. Lat 46° 28' N.
Abrusso, one of the four great provinces of the
kingdom of Naples, bounded E. by the Adriatic,
N, and W. by the states of the Church, and S. by
the provinces of Terra di Lavoro, and Capitana-
ta. It is divided into two districts, separated by
the river Pescara : the one called Abruzzo Citra,
the other, Abruzzo Ultra. The capital of the
former is Salmona, and,of the latter Aquila. Pop.
in 1788, 687,719.
Abs, t. France, dep. of the Ardeche, 8 m. N. W.
of Viviers.
Absharon, peninsula of Persia, prov. of Schir-
valn, projecting from the N, W. side of Baku into
the Caspian sea. It is an inexhaustible source of
the Naptha. Here are two villages, and a few
Guebres have established themselves, together
with temples, near to what is esteemed perpetual
fire, the object of their adoration. Lat. 40° 10' N.
Abshirin, r, Persia, flows into the Persian gulf,
Absteinach, a district in Hesse, The town of
this name is 7 m. N. N. E, Heidelberg.
Abstetten, t. Austria, 9 m. S. of Tuln.
Abston, t England, Gloucester shire 7 m.
from Bristol,
Abstorf, two towns in the archduchy of Austria ;
oue 7 m, S. Tonneberg, the other 5 m, E. Zisters-
dorf. Abstotten, See Abstetten and Amstotten.
Abswangen, t. East Prussia, in the bailiwick of
Natangen, 12 m. S, of Konigsberg.
Abtenau, t. in the archbishopric of Saltzburg,
20 m. S, S. E. Saltzburg.
Abtegemund, v. in Wirtemberg, 6 m, S. W. of
EUwangen. ¦ Abu Ait, or Selin, v. Egypt, on the Nile, 4 m. S.
E. Abutige.
Abu-Arisch, a territory of Arabia, near the
Red Sea, extending from 15° 20' N.lat to 17° 40'.
Its prinpcipal towns are Abu-Arisch, Gesan a sea
port, Harradi, and Sabea, Salt is obtained from
the hills in the vicinity, and exported.
Abu-Arisch, city Arabia, 80 m. E. Loheia. Lon.
42°30'E, Lat 16° 45' N,
Abucay, t. on the N. W. coast of the isl. of Min
danao. Lon. 125° 24' E. Ls,t 8° 40' N.
Abucees, S. Joseph de los, a settlement of Indians
in S. America, on a branch of the Putumayo. Lon,
75°22'W. LatO°36'N.

14

A B Y

Abu-Daheii, a rocky islet in the Red sea, near
the coast of Arabia. Lat 25° 19' N.
Abufeide, a steep mountain in Egypt, on the
Nile, opposite Monfalout, inhabited by a formida
ble body of robbers,
Abul Kasum, t in Bagdad, near the Euphrates,
22 m, N. N, W. Hillah.
Abu-Mealle, isl. in the Red sea, near the coast
of Arabia. Lat 25° 19' N.
Abur, mt Arabia, in Yemen, 16 m. S. S. W. of
Kataba. Aburra, S. Bartolome de, t of New Granada,
Lon, 75° 17' W. Lat 5° 51' 30" N.
Abury, v, Eng, Wiltshire, celebrated for a stu
pendous assemblage of stones, of great antiquity,
artificially arranged, 6 m. fr. Marlborough, 81
fr. London,
Almschureia, isl. near the E, shore of the Red
sea. Lat. ,16° 54' N.
Abuschuscha, isl. in the Red sea. Lat 27° 20' N.
Abu Sexan, t, in central Africa, 100 m. E. Wara,
Abu Sliareb, t in central Africa, 85 m. S. S. E.
of Wara,
Abusir, or Busir, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 40 m,
S. Damietta,
Abusir, two fortified eminences, 120 m, W. of
Alexandria, in Egypt,
AbusSinem, t. Psdestine 6 m, N. E, Acre,
Abutcha, r, Siberia, runs into the Yana. Lon.
132° 44' E, Lat, 66° 30' N.
Abutige. See Aboutige.
Abuyog, t. on the E. coast of isl. Leyta, one of
the Philippines. Lon. 124° 59' E. Lat 10° 44' N.
Abwerden, t of East Prussia, 3 m. S. S. W. of
Konigsberg, Aby, t Sweden, in W. Bothnia, 10 m, S, Pitea.
Abyssinia, an extensive kingdom' of Africa^
bounded E. by the Red sea, N. by Sennaar, W.
and S. by Sennaar, Kordofan and vast and barba
rous regions, about 770 m, long, and 550 broad.
The ranges of mountains, with which it is every
where intersected, preserve the air cool, and af
ford a supply of water sufficient to maintain fertili
ty. The declivities of the mountains afford the
most agreeable situations, upon which most of the
towns and villages are built. In consequence of
this physical structure, Abyssinia is exceedingly
fertile, and is exempted in a great measure from
that sand which dooms so large a portion of Africa
to sterility. Wheat is raised in considerable quan
tity; teff grpws on every soil, and affords the
bread which is in universal use. One of the most
important natural curiosities of Abyssinia, is the
great plain of salt, between Amphila and Massu
ah. It covers a flat plain, about four days jour
ney across. It is perfectly pure and hard for
about two feet deep. It is cut with an adze into
pieces, which not only serve as seasoning to food,
but even circulate as money in Abyssinia. The
digging of the salt is attended with considerable
danger, from the vicinity of the Galla, who fre
quently attack those employed, as well as tlie car
avans, which convey the salt to Antalo. The gov
ernment is a despotism; the power of the sove
reign has no limit ; there is no assembly of the
people, nor any nobles to controul its exercise. —
But this absolute power is set at open defiance,
not only by a number of savage tribes established
in the heart of his dominions, but by the governor
of the smallest province, by every one in short
who can collect around him a body of armed men.
Civil war rages thus almost without intermission.
This perpetual state of civil war and confusion

ACA
seems to be the main cause of that peculiar bar
barism and brutality, by which the manners of
Abyssinia are characterised. Dead bodies lie in
the streets, without being allowed the rites of sep
ulture, but are left to be devoured by the dogs
and hyaenas. They eat raw flesh, and when on a
journey, are in the habit of cutting steaks from a
living animal, then closing up the wound and
driving him ou. Marriage in Abyssinia is a very
slight connection, formed and dissolved at pleas
ure. Although the Abyssinians profess Christian
ity, their religion still retains a large share of Ju-
daical observances. They abstain from the meats
prohibited by tlie Mosaic law; practise circum
cision, and keep both the Saturday and Sunday as
Sabbaths. The Coptic patriarch of Cairo contin
ues still to be the nominal head of the church,
from whom the Abnna, the resident head, receives
his investiture. Their veneration for the Vii^
is unbounded. Their saints are very numerous,
and surpass in miraculous power even those of the
Romish calendar. The foreign commerce of
Abyssinia is carried on entirely by way of Mas
suah, whence the communication wiUi the inte
rior is maintained by the channel of Adowa. The
imports are chiefly lead, block tin, gold foil, Per
sian carpets, raw silks from China, velvets, French
broadcloths, coloured skins from Egypt, glass
beads; aud decanters from Venice. The exports
consist of gold, ivory, and slaves. The population
is variously estimated from 2 to 3,000,000.
Abzal, r. Persia, flows into the Persian gulf.
Acaay, a parish in Paraguay, 14 leagues S, E.
of Ascension. Lon. 57° 25' W. Lat 25° 54' 5.
Aeabet Assollom, a seaport of Barca in Africa,
60 m. S, E, of Tabarca,
Acadia, the name by which Nova Scotia was
called when it belonged to the French. See JVo-
va Scotia.
Acadia, co, Louisiana. Pop. 6,174. Chief t
Godberrys, between lake Maurepas and the Mis
sissippi. Aeaguiry, t Hindostan, in Golconda, 36 m. N.
W. Adoni.
Acam. See Akim.
Acama, or Cape St. Epiphany, a promontory of
the island of Cyprus.
Acamon, i. Guiana, which enters the Caroni.
Acanli, r, in the province of Darien, which
falls into the sea bet%veen Cape Tiburon and the
bay of Caledonia,
Acapala, v. S. America, in Guatimala. Lon,
93° 52' W. Lat 16° 53' N.
Acapulco, or Los Reges, t Mexico, on the coast
of the Pacific ocean. Its port is one of the finest
in the world, and capable of containing any num
ber of vessels iu perfect safety. The principal
trade of Acapulco is with Manilla, one of the
Philippine islands, to which it has for a long pe
riod sent out annually a large vessel, called a gal
leon. The lading from Acapulco to Manilla gen
erally consists of silver, a very small quantity of
cochineal from Oaxaca, of cocoa from Guayaquil
and Ciraccas, wine, oil, and Spanish wool. "The
value of the precious metals, exported in a single
vessel, including what is not registered, amounts
in general to about 200,000;. or 250,000?, The
galleon generally sails from Manilla in the middle
of July, or beginning of August, when the south
west monsoon is already completely established.
Its cargo consists of muslins, printed calicoes,
coarse cotton shirts, raw silks, china, silk stock
ings, articles of jewelry, spices, and aromatics,

A C C
The voyage formerly lasted fromfive to six months,
but now only three or four. As soon as the intelli
gence arrives at Mexico, that the galleon has been
seen off the coast, the roads are covered with trav
ellers, and every merchant hastens to treat with
the supercargoes who arrive from Manilla. Aca
pulco, owing to its position, is extremely unheal
thy; and the unfortunate inhabitants, besides be
ing tormented with earthquakes and hurricanes,
breathe a burning air, full of insects, and vitiated
by putrid emanations. Bilious fevers, and the
cholera morbus, are very frequent, and the Mexi
cans, who descend from the table land to purchase
goods, on the arrival of the galleon, are frequently
the victims of those diseases. Pop. 4,000, mostly
people of color. At tlie time of tlie arrival of the
Manilla galleon this number is increased to 9,000.
Lat 16° 50' 29" N.
Acaraga, r. Paraguay, which enters the Uru
guay, near the city of Assiimption.
Acarai, a settlement of Psu:-aguay ; also a river
of Paraguay, which enters the Parana.
Acarapu, r, of Surinam, in S, America.
Acari, r. in Brazil, which enters the Amazon at
its mouth.
AcOries, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago, 9 m,
E. of Naxia.
Acarigua, r. in Venezuela, rises nearthe'town of
Araure, and running south, enters the La Portu-
guesa, a branch of the Apure.
Acarretto, a port in S. America, province of Da
rien. Lon, 77° 24' W. Lat, 8° 39' N.
Aearuce, t Eu. Turkey, 40 m. N. W. Lepanto.
Acasabastlan, r. in the province of Vera Paz, in
Mexico, runs into the (Jolfo Dolce, 50 m. S. of
Vera Paz.
Acassa, r, in French Guiana, enters the sea be
tween the Ayapuco and Cape Orange.
Acasuchtitlan, t Mexico, 50 m. N, Puehla de
Jos Angelos.
Acatepec. There are various small settlements
of this name in South America,
Acatlan, the name of six settlements in Mexico,
Acayuca, 1. 100 leagues S. E. of Mexico. Lon.
94° 46' 30" W. Lat, 7° 53' N.
, Acasutla, a port on the Pacific ocean, in Gua
timala. Lon, 99° 3' W. Lat, 14° 42' N,
Acboula, t, Persia, in Irak, 80 m. N. of Hama-
dan. Accaba, mountains in Asia, between Palestine
and Arabia Petraea, N. E. of the upper ex
tremity of the Red sea,
Accaba, or Calaat el Accaba, fortress of Arabia
Petnea, 150 m. E, S. E. of Suez. The harbor is
of difficult access, dangerous, and fiill of rocks.
Lon. 39° 45' E. Lat. 28° 45' N.
Aecadia, t Naples, 20 m. N, Conzar.
Accar. See Akker.
Accetura, t. Naples, 19 m, S. S. E. Acerenza.
Accho, in Sac. Geog. a city of Galilee, on the
coast of the Mediterranean, about 32 m. S. of
Tyre, afterwards called Ptolemais, now Acre.
Aceites, r. in Car^coas, S. America, which en
ters the Oronoco.
Accbda, a small Dutch settlement on the Gold
Coast in the kingdom of Ahauta,
Accolmetto, t Italy, in the papal duchy of Spo
leto, 7 m. 6. W. of Todi.
Accomac, co, Va, on the E. shore of Chesapeake
bay. Pop. 15,743. Chief t Drummondtown,
207 m, E. Richmond, 214 S. E, Washington,
Acemi.s. See Aams.

A C H

15

Accunmlo, t Naples, 17 m. N, W. of Aquila.
Aceglio, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan.
Acere, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan, in Pavla.
Acerenza, t. 80 m, E, of Naples,
Acemo, or Aciemo, t Naples, 14 m. E, N, E. of
Salerno. Lon. 14° 50' E. Lat, 40° 45' N.
Acerra, t Naples, 8 m. N. N, E, of Naples.
Ach. See Aach.
Acha, three small rivers in Bavaria. The first
falls into the Danube near Donawerth ; the second
a little above Ingolstadt ; while the third falls into
the Inn below Oettingen,
Achagua, Indians of New Granada, who dwell
in tlie plains of Guanarc and Meta.
Achaia, in Sac, Geog, a province in the S, part
of Greece. Its capital was Corinth. The name is
used also in a broad sense, and is coupled with
Macedonia to denote all Greece.
Achasse, r. France, which falls into the Rhone.
Achecn, a kingdom occupying the N. W. ex
tremity of the island of Sumatra^ and reaching
about 50 m. inland. Cattle, horses, and elephanta
are numerous. Very fine gold dust is obtained in
this kingdom. The inhabitants are taller, stouter,
and more swarthy than the other Sumatrans ; they
are also more acute, intelligent, and industrious ;
but are accused of being of a base and treacher
ous disposition. Their principal articles of trade
are gold, jewels, brimstone, betelnut, camphor,
and pepper. They import, opium, cloth, and
siUcs from Bengal; cutlery, gunpowder, arms, and
glass, besides other articles of less consequence.
Considerable trade is carried on, both with EurO).
peans and the Eastern nations ; but all goods pay a
duty to the king. The inhabitants are principsjly
Mahometans. An amicable traffic is at present
carried on with the British.
Acheen, the capital of the above kingdom, is on
a river about 2 m, from the sea. It contains 8,000
houses. A good deal of trade is carried on in
Acheen, and a number of vessels resort to it from
the coast of Coromandel and the Maldives. But
commerce is attended with some embarrassment,
partly from the king being the principal merchant
of his state ; besides, on the arrival of cargoes,
twelve bales are taken from every hundred, as
king's duty. The country in the neighbourhood
of this city is in a high state of cultivation, popu
lous, and abounding in villages and hamlets. Pro
visions of all kinds are both plentiful find cheap.
Lon. 95° 46' E. Lat. 6° 36' N.
Acheen-head, a cape on the N, coast of Suma
tra. Lon. 95° 40' E. Lat, 5° 26' N,
Achel, a celebrated place of Hindoo superstir
tionjjn the district of Sirhind,
Achel, t. Hindostan, 40 m. E. Seringapatam.
Achen-Achense, a lake in the Tyrol.
Achen, i. in the principality of Berchtolsga-
den, Achen. See Achivn.
Achenheim, v, France, dep, of the Lower
Rhine, Achere-le-Marche, t, France, dep. of the Loiret.
Aeherin, t in the grand duchy of Baden.
Acheson' s Haven, v, Scotland, Haddingtonshire,
on the S. shore of the frith of Forth.
Acheux, t France, 6 leagues N. E. Amiens,
Achiachica. See Angelos.
Achibamba, r. S. America, in the kingdom pf
Quits, which enters the Amazon.
Achigan River, Lower Canada, which falls into
the Assumption, {2 m. from its jnoutji.

16

AGO

Aehill, isl. on the W. coast of Ireland. Lat 53°
38' N.
Achilty, lake Scotland, Rosshire.
Achim, the name of several small districts and
villages in the duchy of Bremen, and principsility
of Wolfenbuttel.
Achira, t on the frontiers of China,
Achita, a city of Japan, on the N. W. coast
of the island of Niphon. Lon. 131° 38' E. Lat.
39° 10' N.
Achite, r. S. America, in the prov. of Guiana.
AcMeuthen, t. in the archduchy of Austria, on
the Crems, 10 m, E. S. E. of Ems,
Achmstha, in Sac. Geog, chief t of Media, and
summer residence of the Persian monarch, now
called Ecbatana,
Achmimj or Echmim, t Upper Egypt, on the
leftbankof theNile. 200 m. S. of Cairo. Lon.
31°55'E, Lat 26° 40' N,
Achmunein, v. Upper Egypt, 120 m. S. of Cai
ro. Pop. 5,000.
Acholfing, a market town with a castle, in Ba
varia, district of Straubing,
Achonry, v. Ireland, 16 m. W. of Sligo.
Achor, in Sac. Geog. a valley near Jericho, E.
of Jordan.
Achorstown, p-v. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Achshaph, in Sac. Geog. a city at the foot of mt.
Tabor, in the tribe of Asher.
Aehstede, t Germany, 6 m. N. of Bremen.
Achtiar. See Sevastopol.
Achtirka, t Russia, 40 m. W. S. W. of Charcov.
J>op, 12,818.
Achtube. See Akluba.
Achtyrka. See Achtirka. i
Achzib, in Sao. Geog. s.-p. of Palestine, in the
tribe of Asher, between Acre and Tyre, after
wards called Ecdippa, and now Zib ; also the name
of a town in the tribe of Judah.
Aciar, t of little Bukharia, 35 m. S. W. of Acus.
Acilu, t. Spain, in Biscay,
Ackchova, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 6 m.
W, of ScalaNova,
Acken, town, castle, and bailiwick, on the Elbe,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, 9 m, from Zerbst.
Lon, 12° 9' E. Lat 51° 53' N, Pop, 2,629,
Aeken. See Aix la Chapelle.
Ackerhuus, Ackersund, &c. See Aggero, &c.
Acklin's Keys, two islands in W. Indies. Lon.
74° 30' W. Lat, 21° 53' N.
Ackrun, v. Holland, in W. Friesland.
Ackteran, v, Syria, 25 m. E, of Aleppo.
Ackworth, t England, York shire, where there
is a benevolent institution for the children of Qua
kers, Pop, 1,322.
Acletta, district ef Switzerland, in the country
of the Grisons.
Acmetli, t Persia, provincfe of Schirvan, 6 m.
N. of Baku.
Acoba, a small town in Portuguese Estremadu
ra, 4 ra, S. of Leiria,
Acobamba, t of Angaraes, in Peru. Lon. 74°
32' W. Lat 13° 16' S.
Aeoda, a village on the Gold Coast of Africa,
near Cape Three Points.
Acola, t. in Sicily, which was almost annihilated
by an earthquake in 1693.
Acolastre, and Acolin, two rivers of France,
which fall into the Loire, near Nevers.
Aconcagua, province of Chili, bouaded on tlie

A C R
N. by QuiUota, E. by the Andes, S. by Santiago,
and W. by QuiUota. It pi'oduces graui, frUits,
and copper in abundance. Pop. 8,000.
Aconcagua, t. Chili, in Aconcagua province.
Aconcagua, r. S, America, which enters the Pa
cific in 33° S. lat
Acootan, one of the Aleutian or Fox islands.
Acores, a town of Portugal, in the province of
Beira, 8 m, N. E. of Guarda.
Acori, r. province of Para, in Brazil, which
falls into the Amazon.
Aeos, t. in the province of Xauxa, in Peru.
Acourbie, v. Armenia, at the base of mt Ararat
Acoury, or Ackoru, t Hind, 12 m, N. W. of At
tock, on the Indus.
Acous, t France, dep. of Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
1,600, Acqua, t Italy, 15 m. E, of Leghorn.
Acquabella, a cape on the coast of Naples, in the
gulf of Venice.
Acquadagna, t Italy 14 m. S. of Urbino.
Acqua de Corsari, a harbour on the W. coast of
the island of Sardinia.
Acqua della Fico, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra,
15 m, W, of SquiUace.
Acqua-Negra, t Italy, in the duchy of Mantua,
2 m. N, N. E. of Caneto.
Acqua-J^egra, t. Italy, in the duchy of Milan, 3
m, W. of Cremona.
Acquapendente, t Italy, 55 N. N. W. of Rome.
Acqimra, t Naples, in the principato Citra, 13
m. S. W. of Cangiano.
Acqtmria, t Italy, 18 m. S. W. of Modena.
Acquasco, p-v. Prince George's co. Md. 42 m.
S. S. W. Annapolis, 38 S. E. Washington, on Pa-
tuxent r.
Acqua-Sparta, t. Italy, 10 m. W. of Spoleto.
Acqua-Viva, t Italy, in the marquisate of An
cona, 10 m. N. E. of Ascoli.
Acqua-Viva, t. Italy, 8 m. from Rome.
Acqui, or Aqui, t. Italy, 17 m. S. S. W. of Ales
sandria, and 44 S. E. of, Turin. Pop. 6,660.
Acquino, t. Naples, prov. of Terra de Lavora.
Acquoi, V. Holland, Leerdam co.
Acra, t Hindostan, district of Condapilly.
Acra, or Megarisb Uszier, t Arabia, in the
province of Nedsjed, 60 m. N. of Haj.ir.
Acra, a kingdom on the Gold Coast of Africa,
about 26 miles in length, and from 12 to 20 in
breadth. It is the most healthy situation of any
on this coast, and carries on the most extensive
trade, both with tlie Europeans and with the inte
rior. Both the English and Dutch have forts at
Acra; there is also a Danish fort, Lon.O° 10'
W. Lat 5° 31' N.
Acre, an ancient city of Palestine, a sea-port in
tlie pachalic of Acre, which extends from the
Mediterranean on tlie west to the river Jordan on
the east. Acre stands on a bay, in a situation
rendered unhealthy from the neighbouring marsh
es. Severe distempers are therefore prevalent
during every summer ; and in 1760, no less than
7000 persons fell victims to the plague. The town
is small, but very populous and well fortified.
Some trade is carried on in tlie export of cotton,
and the import of rice ; but Uie harbor is bad,
though better tlian most others on the coast Eu
ropeans, however, enjoy much liberty, and a
great degree of respect, as well from the govern
ment as ti>e people, who are a mixture ef Turks

ADA

ADD

n

and Arabs. Population 18,000 or 20,000. This
pity has been celebrated from remote antiquity.
During nearly two centuries it became the prin
cipal liieatre of the crusades. In March, 1799
this city was besieged without success, by tho
French, under Bonaparte. Since the siege,
the fortifications have been considerably enlarged.
Distant 23 m. N. N. W. of Jerusalem, 27 S. of
Tyre. Acri, r. Naples, runs into the gulf of Ta-
rento. Acri, t Naples, in Calabria Citra,
Acrington, t England, Lancashire, 9 m. E. of
Blackburn, Pop, 3,266.
Acristia, t Sicily, in the Valdi Mazzara.
Acton, a division of the Fantee territory, oh the
Gold Coast of Africa. The principal seaport is
Apam, SO m. E. N. E. of Cape Coast.
Acropoli. See Agropoli.
Acsa, two villages in Hungary ; one in Pest
CO. the other in Stulilweissenburg co.
Acsad, three villages in Hungary ; one in Eis-
enburg co, ; another in Wesprim co, aud the
third in Bihar co.
Acsu, t in NatoUa, 20 m. E. of Isnik.
Acsu, t in NatoUa, 15 m. S.E. of Bursa, and 35
S. W. of'Isnik.
Acsu, t Little Bukharia, 108 m, E. of Cash-
gar. Lon. 75° 15* E. Lat 43° N.
, Actti, t. Syria, 30 m, S. E. of Aleppo.
Actatn, t. Persia, in tlie province of Azerbi-
jan, 120 m. N. of Tabriz.
Adas, t. Chinese Tartary, 60 m, N. E, of Tour-
fan, and 130 N. W. of Hami.
Acton, V. Eng. 5 m. from London.
Acton, t Eng. Cheshire, on • the Grand
Trunk Canal, 4 m, fr, Nantwich, 177 fr, London.
Acton, V. Irel^d, Armagh co. 58 m. from
DubUn. Acton, t in Richelieu and Buckingham cos.
Lower Canada^ E. of Montreal.
Acton, t. in Windham co. Vt,33 m. S. Windsor,
Pop. 245.
Acton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 24 m. N. W. of
Boston. Pop. 885.
Acton-BumeU, v. Eng. 8 m. from Shrewsbury.
Acton-Trussd, t Ei^. Staffordshire.
Acton-Turryille, t Eng. Gloucestershire.
Actopan, the capital of Actopan district, 23
leagues N, N. E. of Mexico.
Acat, s-p. of St. Domingo, 8 m. S. S. W. of
Cape Francois ; another, 16 m, S, W. of Los
Cayes. Acuma, r. Brazil, in the grovinoe of Seara.
Acumuli. See Accumulo.
.ficiiragu, Angoras, or Camosin, r. Brazil, in
the province of Seara.
Acworth, p-t in Cheshire co. N. H. 36 m. W.
of Concord. Pop. 1,523,
Acy, t. France, dep. of Aisne.
A^, t. Circassia, 15 m; N. of Anapa.
Ada, t. Natolia, 40 m, W, of Angora.
Adaes, t. Texas, 450 m. N. W. of N. Orleans,
Adaguesa, t Spain, in Arragon, on the Vero,
r2m,N. W.ofBalbastro.
Adair, t Ireland, 8 m. S. W. of Limerick.
Adair, co. Ken. Chief t Columbia. Pop.
6,011. . Slaves 956.
Adaja, r. in Spain, runs into the Douro.
Adak, one of the Aleutian islands. Lon. 184°
. 4' E. Lat 53° 40' N.
Adalia, district, Egypt, 2 m, N, E, of Cairo.

Adalguee, or Adalgious, t Kurdistan, on lake
Van, 15 m, E. of Aklat
Adam, t, European Turkey, in Moldavia, 10
m.N. N,W. ofGalatz,'
Adamancotta, t. Hind, in the Mysore.
.Uanias, t Spain, in Andalusia, 18 m. N. E. of
Cordova, Adamow, t. in the kingdom of Poland.
Adampe, a territory on the Gold Coast of Africa,
extending from Acra to the Volta.
Adampore, t in Bengal, district of Burdwan.
Adams, t. in Coos co. N. H. 64 m, N. of Con
cord. Pop. 244.
Adams, p-t Berkshire co. Mass. 29 ra. N, Len
ox. Pop. 1,763.
Adams^ p-t Jefferson co. N. Y. S. W. of Wa-
tertown, 166 m. W. N. W. of Albany. Pop. 1,386.
Adams, t. Lancaster co. Pa. 20 m. N. E. Lan
caster, Adams, p-t. Dauphinexo. Pa, 133 m, fr. Wash
ington city.
Adams, co. Pa, bordering on Maryland. Chief
t. Gettysburg. Pop. 15,162.
Adams, p-v. Hyde co, N, C. 153 ra, S. E. Ra
leigh. -
Adams, co. Mississippi, on Mississippi r. Chief
towns, Natches and Washington. Pop. 10,002,
Slaves 5,671.
Adams, t. Washington co. Ohio, on the Musk
ingum, 10 m. N, Marietta, Pop, 620.
Adams, co. Ohio, on Ohio river, between Scioto
and Brown cos. Chief t. Westunion. Pop. in
1815, 10,415.
Adams, p-t St. Clair co. Illinois.
Adam's Bridge, a ledge of sand-banks between
the coast of Ceylon and Coromandel. The na
tives of Ceylon believe that their island was the
original Paradise, and that Adam being expelled
from it, passed by this line of banks to the conti
nent of India.
Adamsdorf, v. in the New Mark of Brandenburg,
3 m, E, of Lippehene.
Adamsfreyheit, t. near New Feistraz, Bohemia,
Adam^s Peak, mt. Ceylon island, 60 ra. N. E-
of Colombo,
Adam's Point, on the W, ^oastof N, America,
S. of the river Columbia. Lat, 46, 15. N.
Adamstadtl, a mining town of Bohemia.
Adamstown, v. Ireland, Wexford co,
Adamuz, t Spain, near the Guadalquivir.
Adana, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the river Adana,
10 or 12 m, from the sea, 170 S, S, W. of Sivas,
and 150 S. E. of Konieh, Lon. 36° 6' E. Lat 36°
¦-69' N.-
' Adani, r. flows into the Mediterranean, Lon,
35° 17' E. Lat 36° 48' N.
Adanad, t Hind, in Malabar, 25 m. S. S. E. of
Calicut. .idanaque .or Andanaque, t. Kurdistan, on
the Deaal, which flows into the Tigris, N, of Bag
dad, Adasa, v. Abyssinia, 70 m. S. of Gondar,
Adat, t Japan, Niphon island, 30 m, N. of Nam-
bui Adaua, r. S. America, a branch of Orinoco.
Adauquiana, r. Guiana, branch of the Cauca.
Addaveed, t Hind. 10 m. W. of Combam,
' Adaya, a harbour in Minorca.
Adayes. See Mexicano River.
Adborow, t. Palestine, near Saphet.
Adda, a Danish fort, on the Gold Coast of Af
rica, at the mouth of the Rio Volta.

18

A D E

Adda, r, in Italy, runs through the Valteline in
to the lake of Como, and joins the Po, near Cre
mona, Adda, V. Hungary! in Batsch co.
Addenbrook, Point, on the W, coast of N, Amer
ica. Lon. 232° 8' E, Lat, 51° 30' N.
Adderbury, t Eng, Oxfordshire, 3 m, fr. Ban
bury. Addingham, t Eng. Yorkshire, 6 m, fr. Skipton.
Addington, Cape, on the W. coast of the Prince
of Wales's Archipelago. Lon, 226° 23' E. Lat.
55° 26' N.
Addison, t Washington co. Maine, 15 m, W. of
Machias. ,Pop. 399.
Addison, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain, and on
Otter Creek. Chief t.Vergennes. Pop, 19,993,
Addison, p-t, Addison co, Vt, on Like Cham
plain, 69 m. S. W. of MontpeUer, and 10 W.
Middlebury. Pop. 1,100,
Addison, t, Steuben co. N. Y. 15 m, S. Bath.
Pop. 369.
Addison, t Somerset co. Pa. W. S. W. of Har
risburg. Pop. 678.
Addison, t Gallia co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 4 m.
N.Galiipolis. Pop, in 1815, 410.
Adebiau, t. in the grandduchy of Posen, 25 m S.
S. W. of Kalisch.
Adebuil, t Switzerland, in the canton of Lu-
cierne, 7 m. N, W, of LucejTne.
Adeenagur, t Cabul, 50 m, E. S. E. of Cabul.
Adeenapore, t. Hind. N, of Lahore.
Adegem, t. Netherlands, 12 m, E. Bruges.
Adel or Adaiel, a territory of Africa, immediate
ly S, E, of Abyssinia, It stretches from Zeila to
the Straits of Babelmandel, and is divided ainong
a number of war-like tribes, who carry on almost
perpetual war with Abyssinia. Zeila is the chief
town. Adelberg, t. Wirtemberg, 5 m, N. of Goppin-
gen. Adelberg. See Adelsberg.
Adelbordin, v. in the canton of Berne.
Adelebsen, in the principality of Calenberg, and
kingdom of Hanover.
Adelepseh. See Adelebsen.
Adelfors, t Sweden, in Smaland. Lat 57°
26'N. Adelgians. See Adalguez.
Adellof, t Sweden, prov. of Smaland. Lat 58°
I'N. Adelmannsfelden, t. of Wirtemberg, in Jaxt
Adelnau, t in the grand duchy of Posen,
Adelphi, four islands in the Grecian Archipela
go in Lon, 24° 4' Lat 39° 22'.
Adelphi, p-t Ross co. Ohio, 16 m, N, E, Chili-
cothe, Adelsberg, t. in Inner Carniola, between Lay-
bach and Fiume, capital of a circle of the same
name 12 m, E, N, E, of Trieste,
Adelsberg, a market t, of Germany, in the duchy
of Neuburg, now in the kingdom of Bavaria,
Adelsborn, a bailiwick, town, and castle of Ger
many, in the district of Eichsfeld, 9 m. from Dud-
erstadt Adelsdarf, t Silesia, in the circle of Goldberg,
and duchy of Leignitz. i
Adelshqim, t, in the grandduchy of Baden.
Adelshofen, t. in the grand duchy of Baden
Adelsried, v. Bavaria, in Burgau. Pop. 520.
Aden, a small state of Arabia Felix, bounded S.
by the Indian ocean, W. and N. by the dominions
oftlie Imam of Yemen, and E. by the country of
Jafa.

ADM
Aden, s-p. cap. of \he state of Aden, situa
ted on the rocky peninsula in the S. W. extremr
ity of Arabia, formerly the most opulent city of
Arabia. The surrounding country is fertile, and
could export gold, ivory, coffee, and gum. Lon.
45° 10" E. Lat. 12° 56' N,
Adendorf, a lordship in the grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, which belongs to Russia ; 8 m. fr.
Bonn. Adenore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. of
Volconda. Aderampar, t. Hind, in Travancore, 35 m.
N. E. of Porcah.
Aderberg. See Oderberg.
Aderborgt, t. in Hither Pomerania, 9 m. N, W.
of Stettin. '
Adercan, t. Persia, in Laristan, 60 m. N. E.
Lar. Adercan, t. Persia, in Fars, 135 ra. S. of Schi-
raz. Adercand, t. Great Bukharia, 40 m. S. W. of
Kojend. Ademo, t in SicUy, at the foot of Mount Etna.
Adervan, mt, Persia, 60 m. N. E, of Shuster.
Adhergat, t Syria, on the frontiers of Arabia.
Adjazse. See Ajaecio.
Adiconi, a port of Venezuela,
Adjerud, fortress, Egypt, 10 m. N. of Suez.
Adige, r. rises in the country of the Grisons, on
the borders of Tyrol, and runs into the gulf of Ven
ice near the mouths of the Po. It passes by Ty
rol, Brixen, Trent, Verona, and Rovigo.
Adijiara, r. Great Bukharia, flows into the
Harret, opposite Arhenz.
Adilabad, t. iu the Mahratta dominions, prov. of
Khandish, 20 m. S. of Boorhanpore.
Adinseik, t in NatoUa, 9 m. S. E, of Artaki.
Adjodin, or Patjdiputhin, a city Hind, in Moul-
tan, on the river Setlege. Lon. 73° 3ff E.
Lat 30° 21' N.
Adioulta, v. Abyssinia, on the road from Dixan
to Gondar.
Adirbeitzan. See Aserbijan.
Adjurie, isl. on the coast of Abyssinia.
Adlar, r. in Bohemia, which falls into the Elbe
near Koningsgratz.
Adlerberg, or Arlbarg, one of the largest moun
tains in Suabia,is strictly a branch of the Tyrolese
Alps, and separates Suabia from Tyrol and the
country of the Grisons.
Adlerberg, a hill in Saltsburg, which produces
very fine copper.
Adlersberg. See Adelsberg.
Adlhobs, a famous mineral bath of Bavaria, in
tlie district of Traunstein.
Adlington, t, Eng. Chesliire, 5 m. from Mac
clesfield. Adlington, t Eng. Lancashire 4 m, from
Wigan. Adlistvil, t iu the Swiss canton of Zurich,
Admah, in Sac. Geog. one of the towns destroyed
in the valley of Ziddim, and sunk in the dead sea.
Admiralty Bay, on the N. coast of Tavai Poen-
amoo, the most southern island of New Zealand,
between Cape Stephens and Cape Jackson.
Admiralty Islaiid, an isl. discovered by the
Dutch, near Nova Zembla, in the Frozen Ocean.
Admiralty Island, a lai^e isl. on the W. coast of
North America, between King George the Third's
Archipelago and the continent, about 180 m, in
circuit Lon, 225° 10' to 226° 31' E. Lat 57° 2'
to 58° 24' N,
Admiralty Islands, a number of small isis. at the

ADR
entrance of Admiralty bay, New Zealand. Lon.
185° 2' W. Lat 40° 48' S.
Admiralty Islands, a cluster of 20 or 30 islsands
in the South Pacific ocean, discovered by the Dutch
in 1816. Lat 1° 58' 50". to 2° 20' S, The most
western island lies in lon. 143° 37' 38" E.
Admont, t Upper Styria, with 260 houses,
and a custom-house, 6 m. N, E, of Rosenmann.
Admuncotta, t. Hind. 6 m. S, of Darampoory.
Ado, isl. Russia, in the gulf of Bothnia, near
the coast of Finland. Lon. 20° 14' E. Lat 60°
19' N.
Adolfseck, t Germany on the Aar, in the lord
ship of Idstein, belonging to the duke of Nassau,
and 8 m. W. of the town of Idstein.
Adolfshausen, v. Wirtemberg, in the district of
(Jie Juxt
Adolphus, Point, on the N, coast of King George
the , Third's Archipelago, Lon, 224° 28 4' E.
Lat 58° 18' N,
Adolsfart, t Bavaria, in , Jtlie circle of the
Rezat, 2 m. S. W. of Ochringen.
Adolzheim. See Alsheim.
Adorn, or Thelon, t. on the Danube, in Hungary,
12 m. S. of Buda.
Adorn, a small territory in the interior of the
Gold Coast of Africa.
Adoni, t and district of Hind, in Golconda, 188
m. N. of Seringapatam, 130 S. W. of Hydrabad,
Adonis. See Bide.
Ador, r. France, dep. of Upper Loire.
Adorf, t Saxony, on the Elster, near the fron
tiers of Bohemia, 12 m. from Egra ; likewise a
town of Lower Bavaria, in the circle of the Iser,
¦" and ofa village, in the principality of Waldeckl
Adour, r. France, rises in the Pyrenees, and
runs into the bay of Biscay, 3 m, below Bayomie.
Adouy, t, Hungary, on the Danube."
Adowa, the capital of Tigre in Abyssinia, and
residence of the sovereign since the Galla gained
possession of Gondar, It has an extensive manu
facture of cotton cloths, and is the channel of com
munication between the coast and the interior.
Catfle, corn, and salt, constitute their chief arti
cles of barter. About a thousand slaves pass
through Adowa, to be shipped at Massuah and oth
er ports on the Red sea. Lon, 39° 5' E. Lat, 14°
12'30"N. Adra, t. Spain, on the Mediterranean, 45 m.
S. E. of Granada. Lon, 3° 10' E. Lat. 36° 4' N.
Adra, r. Spain in Granada, falls into the Med
iterranean near the town of Adra,
Adra, i: Turkey in Europe, which joins the
Marizza at Adrianople,.. ,
Adra, t Syria, 15 m. N. E. of Damascus,
Adragno, t Sicily, in, the Valdi Mazzara, 20
m, E. N. E, of Mazzara.
Adramiii, now Ydramit, t. iu Natolia, on the
E. coast of the gulf of Adramiti.
A^ramitlium, in Sac. Geog. a city on the N. coast
of Africa, W. of Egypt ; also the name of a s-p. in
the province of EoUa, Asia-Minor, opposite the
isle of Lesbos.
Adrana, t. Persia, prov. of Irak.
Adrazhofen, v. on Lcutkirch-heath, in Suabia.
Adria, t,in Italy, on a peninsula formed by the
river Tartaro and an arm of the Po, 15 m, E, of
Rovigo, Lon. 12° 2' E. Lat 45° 2' N. Pop.
7,200. Adriampalam, t. Hind, 37 m. S, E. of Tanjore,
Adrianople, (called by the Turfe Adranahj) on
the Marizza, in Eu. Turkey, 130 m. N, W. of
.Constantinople. Tbe Marizza, which is naviga-

A F F

19

ble to its embouchure in the Archipelago, pro
motes materially both foreign and inland trade.
The principal merchants are Greeks, Jews, and
Arraenians, but the town is also inhabited by
Wallachians, Turlts, and other oriental tribes. An
importsuit branch of commerce is the wine and
fruit raised in the adjacent country. It still con
tinues a favourite place of retreat with the sul
tans. Pop. 100,000,
AdrianopoU. See Argyro Castro.
Adriatic Sea, or Gulf of Venice, a part of the
Mediterranean wliich extends from S.E. to N.
W, between Italy and lUyria, from lat, 40° to 45°
56' N. The ebb and flow of the tide, which is not
observable in other parts of the Mediterranean,
takes place daily in the shores of the Adriatic,
though in a much less degree than in the ocean.
Adrichoa. See Andriehoa.
Adshibey, a new fortress of Russia, on the coast
of the district of .Oczako w.
Adshider, a fortress of Russia, in the govern
ment of Cherson, on the Dniester.
Adsjar, t. Arabia., on the S, side of the Persian
gulf. ¦ Lon. 48° 20' E. Lat 26° 8'N.
Adullam, in Sac, G eog, t of Palestine, in the tribe
of Judah, formerly the residence of aCanaanitish
king, and fortified by Behoboam.
Adummim, or .^rfommim, in Sac, Geog. v. Pal
estine, which once belonged to the tribe of Judah.
Aduvieh, t Egypt, on the Nile, 6 m. S. of
Cairo. Adventure Bay, a spacious bay on the east coast
of Bruny's Isle, off Van Diemen's Land. Lon.
147° 30' E. Lat. 43° 20' S, See Bruny's Isle.
Adventure Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon.
144° 30' W. Lat 17° 5' S-
Adzanela, t Spain, in Valencia, 25 m. S. W.of
Pensicola. Adxel, t Russia, gov. of Riga, 20 m, S, W. of
Dorpat. •
Adzerballig, v. Denmark, in duchy of Sleswick.
Adsiud, or Alschud, t Europ. Turkey, in
Moldavia, 9 m. W. S. W. of Birlat
Adzul, t. Europ. Turkey, in Wallachia, 5 m.
E. of Jalonitza, and6 N. W. of Kirsova.
Aecmetli, v. Asia, on the Caspian, between
Baku and Sallian.
AUgades Islands, (the Insula „^gusa of the Ro
mans) in the Mediterranean, W. of Sicily.
Aegebtawick, s-p. Sweden, near Stockholm.
Aegery, lake of. Switzerland, canton of Ziig.
Aene, t. in Natolia, 12 m. from Bonarbashy.
Aerlinspach, v. Switzerland, canton of Soleure.
Aernen, t Switzerland, in the Valais.
Aerm, r. Wales, runs into Cardigan Bay.
Aerschott, or Arschot, t. Netherlands, 7 ra. N.
E. of Louyain, 20 S. E, of Antwerp.
Aersiiaid, t Siberia, on the Irtisch, 60 ra. N. W.
ofTarai Aesch, V, Switzerland, canton of Bale; another
in the canton of Zurich.
Aeschy, v, of Switzerland, canton of Berne,
5 m. S, E, Spietz ; another in canton of Soleure.
Afdim, Afdimu, Aitimo, or Audimo, v. of Cy
prus, 16 m. W. of Baffa.
AJFalterbach, v. Wirtemberg.
Affar, t, Arabia, country of Yemen,
Aff'arli, t. Eu, Turkey, on the Marizza, 45 m.
. S. E, of PhiUpopoU.
Affleck's Canal, inlet in the N. Pacific ocean.
Lon. 226° 19' E, Lat 56° -TN,
Affnoo, 9. caravan station between Fezzan and
'TojnbuctoO, 1,20 m. N. E. of Tombuctoo,

20

AGA

Afghanistan, a considerable kingdom^ between
tersia and Hindostan, bounded E. by the Indus, .
N. by a range of lofty mountains, separating it
frora Bulkh and Budukhshan, W. by Persia, Herat
being its frontier town, and S. by Baloochistan. It
lies between 29° and 36° N. lat. and 61° and 71°
E. Ion. comprehending the ancient kingdoms of
'ZabuUstan (Ghizne and Kandahar) and Kabulis-
tan. The inhabitants of this country are in gener
al Mahometans of the Soony sect They are a
generous, hospitable, and brave people, but illit
erate, ferocious, and seditious. Their army is
principally composed of well mounted cavalry ;
they have also some artiUery, and a few corps of
infantry armed with swords and matchlocks. Ma
ny of the districts are still inhabited by the abori
ginal Hindoos, The towns are mostly inhabited
by Hindoos of the Punjab, or Mahometans of Per
sian or Mogul descent ; but in Kabul there are
persons from aU parts of the East, The population
is supposed not to exceed 3,000,000. The gov-
ernment is despotic ; but the Afghams being divi
ded into clans, the authority of the^sovereign is
not often exercised over them. Kandahar was the
capital, but it has been transferred to Kabul.
Africa, one of the four great quarters of the
world. It is the third in magnitude, and probably
in population, though it is less known, and has
fewer poUtical relations with Europe, than either
Asia or America, It forms a peninsula, connected
with Asia by the isthmus of Suez. It is bounded
on theN. by the Mediterranean, W.by the Atlan
tic, E. by the Red sea and the Indian ocean. Its
greatest length from Cape Serra to Cape Aguilhas,
includes from about the 37th ° ofN. to the 36th
o/ S. lat. and its greatest breadth from Cape Verd
to Cape Guardafui, about the 18th ° of W. to the
5l8t of E. lon. It is 4320 m. long, and 4140 broad.
Africa is distinguished from the other quarters of
the world by its immense sand deserts. The Sa
hara, or the great Desert, occupies a large pro
portion of Africa, N. of the mountains of the Moon.
Very little is known about the interior of Africa.
Few traveUers have penetrated that burning re
gion. The population has been commonly estim
ated at 150,000,000 ; Hassel estimates it at about
99,000,000, and the square miles at 11,652,442.
The principal rivers, are the Nile, Niger, Sene
gal, Gambia, and Congo or Zaire, The principal
ranges of mountains are the Mountains of the
Moon and the Mount Atlas chain. The principal
exports are slaves and gold. The internal com
merce is carried on almost entirely by caravans,
Africa is divided into 1, Northern Africa, or the
countries N. of the tropic of Cancer ; 2, Southern
Africa, or tlie countries south of the tropic of Cap
ricorn ; 3, Eastern Africa, or the countries lying
on the east coast between the tropic of Cancer
and the tropic of Capricorn ; 4, Western Africa,
or the countries on the west coast between the
tropics ; 6, Central Africa, or the countries in the
interior between these four divisions.
Africa, seaport, 90 m. S. E. of Tunis,
Afsdasors, t Sweden, in Dalecarlia,
Afta/n, r. Arabia, runs into the Persian gulf,
36 m, S. E. of El-Catif,
Afva, isl. in tlie Baltic, between tlie island Aa
land and the coast of Finland.
Afvestad, t Sweden, in Dalecarlia, on the
Dal-Elf, not far from Fahlun.
Afwiowara, district of Lapland, in Tornea-Lapp-
mark. ,
Agadcep, t, in Bengal, 14 m, S, of Plassey.

A G M
Agadeer, or Santa Cms, the most southern port
in the empire of Morocco.
Agades, a large town in the interior of Africa,
between Fezzan and Cassina, the capital of a
kingdom called Asben.
Agajik, V. Persia, prov. of Azerbijan.
Agakemal, t Persia, prov. of Irak, 35 m. S. of
Cashan. Agalicpour, r. Syria, flows into the Mediter
ranean, 12 m. S. S, W. of Scanderoon.
Agama, s-p. on the isl. of Cyprus, 25 ni. N. Baffa.
Aganis, isl. on the E. coast of Ceylon^
Agapia, t Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia.
Agara, t Asiatic Turkey in the pachalic of
Sivas, 7 m. W. of Tocat
Agaree, a caravan station in the dejert of Sa
hara, between Gadanus and Cassina.
Agaron, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 15 m. N. W.
Tiagar. Agarum, t Hind, in the Mysore, 6 m. E. S, E. of
Bangalore, Agastoboli, or Agatoboli. See Athaboli.
Agathenburg, t. in duchy of Bremen, Germany,
Agatfu>n,t. on N. coast of isl. of Cyprus.
Agathonisi, isl. 3 m. S. of the isle of Samos.
Agaton. See Gatton.
Agattoo, one of the Aleutian islands, 20 m. E. of
Attoo. Agawam, p-v. Hampden co. Mass. 2 m. S. W. of
Springfield. Agawam, the name of Westfield r. towards its
mouth. Agde, t. France, dep. of Herault, 8 leagues S.
W. of MontpeUer. Pop. 7,200.
Agea, t Persia, 100 m. E. of Ispahan
Ageda, t. Portugal, prov. of Beira.
Agen, t. France, chief town in the dep. of Lot
and Garonne, 30 leagues S. E, of Bordeaux. Pop.
10,834. Ager, t Spain, in Catalonia.
Agercite, t. Hind, on the coast of Travancore.
Agerola, t. Naples in Principato Citra.
Aggerhuus, or Christiania, the most southerly
of the four bishoprics of Norway, Also, a royjJ
bailiwick on the west side of the gulf of Christiania,
three miles from the town of that name.
Aggeroe, isl. in the gulf of Christiania.
Aggersund, isl. in the Cattegat.
Aggi, r. Persia^ which flows into the Aras.
Aggisu, t Asiatic Turkey, gov. of Mosul.
Aghadoe, v. Ireland, 3 m. N. N. W. of Kil
larney. Agheh, t on the coast of the Black Sea.
Aghisi. See Agveh.
Aghnish, Point, on W, coast of Ireland, in Gal
way CO. Lat 53° 8' N.
Aghor, r. Persia, prov. of Mekran, runs into
the Indian ocean, near Cape Arubah.
.ighrim, v, Ireland, 28 m. E. of Galway.
Aghris, cape of Ireland, 11 m, W. of Sligo.
Agia Laura, t, Eu. 'Turkey, 19 m. S. E. of
Saloniki. Agimeer. See Ajmeer.
Agioi Saranta, t in Candia, 16 m, S. of Settia.
Agioi Saranto, t of Eu, Turkey, on the coast op
posite the island of Corfu.
Agioloi Bassardseck, t Eu, Turkey, 127 N.
E, of AdrianoploL
AgUvr. See Aquileia.
Aglie, t. Italy, in Piedmont, 7 m. S. W. of
Ivrea, Aglish, V. Ireland, Waterford co.
^snva, t. Africa, 18 ra. S, E. of Morocco.

A G U
Agnadello, t. Italy, duchy of Milan, 12 m. N . of
Lodi. Agnana, t. Spain, prov. of Biscay.
' Agniadello. See Agnadello.
Agno, t Switzerland, 3 ra, S. W, of Lugano.
Agnoua, t, Italy, in Piedmont,
Aignoue, t, Naples, in Abruzzo Citra.
Agoas de Maura, t. Portugal, in Estremadura.
Agoas Ouentas, t. Portugal in Estremadura,
21 m. E, N. E. of Abrantes.
Agomiso, isl. in Hudson's bay, N. N. E. from
Albany fort.
Agon, t. France, dep. of La Manche.
Agoona, district on Gold Coast of Africa.
Agosta, isl. in the Adriatic, off Dalmatia.
Agosta, t. on coast of Sicily, 18 m. N. of Syra
cuse, Pop. 15,000.
Agot, isl. in the EngUsh channel, near the coast
of France.
Agoa, or Agoen, isl. Sweden. Lat. 61° 32' N.
Agows, a remarkable people of Abyssinia, inhab
iting a territory to the east of the sources of the
Bahr-el-Azrek, or Abyssinian Nile. So late as
the 17 th century, they were converted to Chris
tianity. Their language is entirely different from
the Abyssinian, and is said by Mr. Salt to bear a
resemblance to some of the EngUsh country dia
lects. Agra, province of Hind, bounded N. by Delhi, S.
by Malwaff, E. by Oude and Allahabad, and W.
by Ajmeer.
Agra, city, cap, of the above province, and
seat of the British civil authority ; is on the river
Jumna, 800 m. N. W. Calcutta, It was formerly
the residence of the great Mogul, but is now in a
ruinous state. About the middle of the 16th cen
tury the emperor Akbar built here a palace and
an extensive fort df red free stone, and changed its
name to Akbarabad. In 1803, it was captured
by the British army from the Mahrattas. In 1813,
under the direction of the Church Missionary
Society, the Rev. Dr. Corrie arrived here
with Abdool Messee, a native convert ; the jour
nal of whose proceedings has excited so widely
a zealous concern for the success of Missions in
India. The Society possess a building, caUed the
Kuttra, where Abdool resides, and where worship
is held. In 18 months, about 50 persons witli
thefr children, embraced the Christian religion.
Some of them were Fakeers, or ReUgious Mendi
cants ; 6 were Mahometans of the first respecta-
biUty ; the rest were of the labouring, classes of
the people. Schools are opened in tiie Kuttra
and in three other places, and about 100 Heathen
and Mahometan children attend them. The con
verts are poor, but chiefly support themselves, the
men by weaving, and the women by spinning.
Agragansk, fortress of Asiatic Russia, on the
Caspian, 65 m, N. of Derbend.
Agrampnt, t. Spain, in Catalonia.
. Agrimonti, t Naples, prov. of BasiUcata.
Agropoli, t. Naples, 22 m, S. S. E, of Salerno,
Agua, Cape, Spain, on coast of Murcia.
',.Agua de Peixes, t, Portugal, 15m. S. of Evora.
, : : vjgira, seaport on the Gold Coast of Africa,
Aguacagua, t. Guiana, on the Caroni.
Aguada, point, at the mouth of the gulf of Darien.
Agualulco, t. New Spain, 17 leagues W. of
Guadalaxara. Aguas Calientes, city of New Spain, 140 leagues
N. N, W. of Mexico, and 35 of Guadalaxara.
Aguatulco, s-p. Guaxaoa, on the I^E^oific. Lat.
15° 44' N. . ,

A I B

21

Agveh, t. in Natolia, oii the Black sea ; 10 m.
E. of Erekli. . '
Agueira, t. Portugal, prov. of Beira, 21 m.
E. N, E, of Lamego.
Aguignan,da\. in the S. Pacific ocean.
AgwUar, t. Spain, in Navarre, 12 m. S. W. of
Estella. Aguilar, t Spain, 32 m. S. of Cordova.
Aguilar del Campo, t. Spain, 40 m. N. W. of
Burgos. Aguirra, r, in Guiana, falls into the Orinoco,
at its mouth.
Agurande, t. France, dep. of the Indre.
Atlanta, a kingdom on the Gold Coast of Africa,
bounded on the west by AppoUonia, on the east by
the Fantee territories. It is the richest district
upon this coast.
Ahdun, t. Persia, 30 m. S. S. W. Candahar.
Aher, t. Persia, 20 m. N. of Tabris.
Ahkooly, t Hind, in the Mysore.
Ahlden, t Hanover, on the river Leine.
Ahlen, t, Wirtemberg, 40 m, N, W. of Augs
burg, Ahmedabad, capital of the province of Gujerat
in Hind, on the Sabermaty, which falls into the
gulf of Cambay. One of the best fortified cities in
Hindostan. Ahmedpore, t Hind, in Orissa, 34 m. S, of
Cuttack. Ahpmoojeenee-Gamook, lake in Maine, N, of
Moosehead lake, discharges its waters by the
river St. John into the bay of Fundy.
Ahr, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 39 m. N. of Ar-
debil. Ahrberg, t. in Germany, in the Bavarian circle
of the Rezat, 3 m. S. W. ot Ohrenbau.
Ahrenfels, v. 17 ra, N. N. W, of Coblentz.
Ahrensburg, v. Denmark, duchy of Holstein,
13 m. from Hamburg.
Ahrweiler, t. Germany, Lon. 70° 3' E. Lat.
50° 26' N.
. Ahsa, t. Persia, in Kerman, 60 m. N. W. of
Kabis. . ¦ .
Ahsa. See Lachsa. [,
Ahtareen, t. Syria, 16 m. N. of Aleppo.
Ahter, t. 6f Agra, in Hind, on the Chumbul.
Ahuille, t France, dep. of the Mayenne.
Ahun, t France, dep. of Creuse, 6 m. S. S.
E. of Christianstadt.
Ahuiean, t, of Persia, 30 m. S. S. W. of Ds^rae-
Ahwas, Ahuazi, or Havisa, t. of Persia, in Kuz-
istan, 40 ra.N. of Bussorah.
Ahwas River. See Karasu.
f, in Sac. Geog. a city 9 m. N. E. of Jerusalem,
e N. border of the tribe of Benjamin.
Aja, Cape, the south-point of the Crimea.
Ajaecio, or Ajaszo, the capital of Corsica, and
the birth place of Napoleon Bonaparte.
Aia-Ka-La, fort Armenia, 60 m.- W. of Erivan.
Ajan, the name of the eastern coast of Africa,
from Cape Guardafui to Magdasho.
Aiandup,X. in Natolia, 24 m. W. S. W. of Sinob.
Aias,t. TurkestEin, 46 m. N. E. of Turkestan.
Aias, t in Natolia, 25 m. W. of Angora.
Aias, s-p. Turkey, 20 m. N. of Scanderoon,
Lon. 36° 6' E- Lat. 36° 45' N.
Jliasahick, v. Asia Minor, in Natolia, 39 m. ?,
of Smyrna, 2 W. of Ephesus.
Aiash, t. in Natolia, 32 m, W. of Angora.
Aiasmati, t in NatoUa, 12 m. W. of Beigamo.
Aibecea, t Hind, on the coast of Travancore.
Aibling, t, ia Bavaria, 22 m, S. E. of Munich.

22

A J M

Aiehach, i. Bavaria, 12 m, E, N, E, Augsburg.
Aichberg. See Egenburg. i
Aichlberg, t Carinthia, 12 m. W. S. W. of Vil-
lach. '
Aiehstettein, t, Bavaria, Pop. 1,380.
Aichstetten, t Wirtemberg. Pop, 500,
Aidab, port on the Red sea, Lat 22° 12' N.
Aidinshiek, t in NatoUa, on the sea of Marmora.
Aidona, t Sicily, 4 m. N. E, of Piazza,
Ajello, t, Naples, prov, of Abruzzo Ultra.
, Aieta, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra.
Ajetto, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra,
Aigen, t Austria, 105 m. W. of Vienna.
Aigendiah, t, in Cyprus,, 18 m. S, S. W. Fama-
gusta. Aighton, t Eng. Lancashire,
Aiglande, t. France, dep. La Manche,
Aigle, or Hals, t. Switz. 36 m, E, N, E. of Geneva.
Aigle, promontory on the coast of France, be
tween Marseilles and Toulon.
I' Aigle, t, France, dep, of the Ome, 14 leagues
N. E, of Alen^on.
r Aigle, r. France, falls into the Loire.
Aignai, or Aigney-le-Duc, t France, dep. of
Cote d'Or, 10 leagues N. W. Dijon.
Aignan, or Agnan, t. France, dep. of Gers.
Aigre, t. France, dep. of Choreute, 7 leagues
N. W. Angouleme.
Aigre-FuiUe, t France, dep. Lower Charente.
Aigremont, a strong castle of the Netherlands,
in the principality of Liege.
Aiguebelle, t. France, dep. of Drome.
Aiguebello, t. Savoy, 6 leagues E, of Chamberry.
Aiguelles, t. France, dep: of the, Upper Alps.
Aigu-Perse, t France, dep, of Puy de Dome.
Aigues, r. France, falls into the Rhone near Or
ange. Aigues-Mortes, t France, dep, of the Gard, 7
leagues S, S. W, of Nismes,
Aigues-Vives, t France, 12 m, S. W. of Nismes.
Aigues-Vives, t. France, dep. of Indre and
Loire, Aiguillon, i. France, at the conflux of the Lol
and Garonne.
Aiguines, t. France, dep. of Var, 16 m. N. E, of
Barjols. Aijalon, in Sac, Geog, t assigned to the Levites
in the tribe of Dan, betwefen Timnah and Beth-
shemeth ; also, t, in the tribe of Zebulon.
Aijaltan, t, Syria, 36 m, S. of Tripoli.
Ajighur, t Hind. ,26 m. E. of Chatterpore.
Ajitmul, t. of Agra, in Hind. 26 m. W. Cawn
pore. Aikes, t. Transylvania, 18 ra, N. E. Clausen-
burg. Aikmane, r. Palestine, runs into the Mediterra
nean 9 m, N, of Acre.
Aiko, isl. Sweden, in gulf of Bothnia.
Ailah, t. Arabia Petraea, caUed Elaeh, in Scrip
ture, 108 m, E. of Suez,
Ailingen, v. Wirtemberg, near lake Constance.
Aillas..t. France, dep, of Gironde, 6 m, N. E,
of Bazas,
Aihveston, t England, Huntington co.
Aimaraes, prov, Peru, W, of Cotabamba.
Aimargues, t, France, 3i leagues from Nismes.
Ajmeer, or Rajpootana, an extensive province
in the centre of Hindostan, bounded N. by Delhi
and Moultan, S, by Malwa and Gujerat, E. by
Delhi and Agra, and W. by Binde,
Ajmeer, city, cap, of the above. Lon, 74° 48'
Lat, 26° 35' N, Near it is a remarkable place of
Hindoo superstition, caUed Phokur, or Pooshkur,

A I S
it being a common saying, that aU the pilgrima
ges of the world are of no avail, without bathing
in the waters of Phokur. In 1819, a Baptist mis
sionary was sent here to establish schools as a
means of introducing the Gospel.
Aimoutier, t France, dep. of Upper Vienne, 5
leagues S, E. St. Leonard.
.4m,- a department of France, bordering on Sa
voy and Switzerland. Pop. 322,608.
Ainabachti. See Lepanto.
Ainade, t Arabia, iu Hadramant
Ain-azel, Ain-barlha, Ain-beseeze, Ain-dilla,
Ain-el-graab, Ain-gitrain, Ain on Heide, Ain-
mylsa, Ain^el-trab, Ain-lhyllah; vUlagcs in the
south of Algiers, near the Sahara,
Ain-charin, v. Palestine, 5 m, fr. Jerusalem.
Aincreville, t France, dep. of Meuse, 3 m. S.
W. Dun.
Ain-dain, i. Frsmce, falls into the Rhone, above
Lyons. AiTi-gebel, t. Asiatic Turkey, iu Dijirbekir, 40
m. S. W. of Mosul.
Ainr-haroof, t Syria, 160 m. S. S, E. of Aleppo.
Airirmicsa, or el Aayon-moussa, the wells of Mo
ses, Arabia, 10 ra. fr. Suez.
Ainduren, v. Wirtemberg. Pop. 1,100.
Aine-boli, t Natolia, on ttie Black sea.
Aine-ghul, t. Natolia, 13 m. S, of AUasheer,
Aineli-ghul, t. NatoUa, 30 m. S. S. E. of Bursa.
Ainhour, t. Syria, 8 m, S. Ealbec.
Ainimoaso, t Wallachia, N. W. of Tergovitz.
Ainod, castle and lordship on the river Gurk in
Carniola, 5 m, N. W. Rudolfewerth.
Ainos, or Ainus, aborigines of Jesso and
Saghalien, commonly caEed Wild Kuriles. For
merly they were an independent nation, waging
wars with the Japanese, even so lately as the 17th
century ; but have been subdued by that nation.
Ainsa, t Spain, in Arragon, 18 m, N. Balbas-
tro. Ainsworth, t Eng. in Lancashire.
Aintab, t Syria, 40 m. N. of Aleppo, 130 S. W,
Diarbekir. Aintree, t. England, 6 m, from Liverpool.
Ajo, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Biscay.
Ajoam, t Persia, prov, of Fars.
Ajos, isl. Sweden, in gulf of Bothnia,
Ajos, V. Paraguay, 24 leagues E, Assumption.
Aios Constantinos, t Candia, 32 m, S. E, Canea.
Aiotitlan, v. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, on the
Pacific. Aiou, a group of Islands. Lon. 131° 10' E.
Lat 0° 24' N.
Air. See Ayr.
Air, t Bedford co. Pa. S. W. Harrisburg. Pop.
1,179. Airagues, t France, dep. of the mouths of the
Rhone, 13 J leagues N. W. of Aix.
Airano, t Itsdy, 10 m, S. E. of Como.
Airdrie, t Scotland, 12 m. E. of Glasgow.
Aire, t. France, dep. of the Landes, 9 leagues
N. N. E. of Pau, and 22 S. S. E. of Bordeaux. ^
Air, or Arien, t. France, dep. of Pas de Calais,
13 m. fr. St. Oraer.
Airolo, Airola, Erteh, or Orient, v. Switz. can
to n of Ticino, 21 m. S. Altorff.
Airon, r. France, which runs into the Loire.
Airth, t Scotland, 8 m, fr. Stirling.
Airvaujc, or Airvault, t, France, dep, of Deui
Sdvres, 14 Jeagues N, E, of Niort Pop, 2,070,
Aisa, t Spain, in Arragon, 7 ra. N. Jaca.
Aisch, V. Bavaria, 12 m, S, Bamberg.
Aise, r. France, joins the Orne, above Caen.

A I X

A K K

23

Aise. See Asse.
Aiseau, a marquisate and viUage in the Neth
erlands, 3 m. E. S. E. of Chatelet
Ajsedabad, t. Persia, in the province of Irak, 65
m.N. N. E. of Hamadan.
Aiska, t Japan, iu isl. of Niphon, 40 m. S. E. of
Jetsen. Aislingen, t. Bavaria, 4 m. S. of Dillingen.
Aismmtderly, t. England, in Yorkshire, near
Rippon. Pop. 621.
Aisne, a dep; of France, consisting of portions of
the Isle de France, Champagne, and* Picardy.
Pop. 432,237. Chief trade in grain.
Aisne, or Aine, r. France, which, after a course
of 40 leagues, unites with the Oise, near Com-
peigne. Aistersheim, t in Upper Austria, near Hag.
Aiterhofen, market t. Bavaria, circle of the
Regen, district Straubing, with 100 houses,
Aitrach, v. in the lordship of Suabia, on the lUer,
7 miles S. W, of Memmingen, Pop. 610,
Aiuda. There are two villages of this name in
IBrazil, one in Pernambuco, on the sea-coast, at the
mouth of St. Miguel r. the other in Puento Leguns.
Ajuksernuck, t. ot Great Bukharia, 6 miles N.
W. Cogend.
Aix, a small isl. France, near'Rochefort Lat.
46° 5' N. ,
Aix, city of France, formerly capital of Prov
ence, now in the dep. of the mouths of the Rhone.
It is on a plain, N. of the Arc ; 16 leagues S. E. of
Avignon, 7 N. of Marseilles, and 163 S. by E. of
Paris. Pop. 26,900. It is one of the oldest towns in
France ; built 120 years before the Christian era,
and received the name of Aquce Sextce from its fa
mous springs. The chapel of Notre Dame del'Espe-
rance is much frequented by the pious Catholics.
Aix, t. in Savoy, 12 m. N. of Chamberry, cele
brated for its warm baths. Pop. 1,600. Lon. 5°
48' E. Lat 45° 40' N.
Aixe, t. France, dep. of Upper Vienne. Pop.
2,160. 4 nf, from Limoges.
Aix-en-Othe, t. France, dep. of the Aube. Pop.
1,570. 4 leagues W. S. W. Troyes
Aix-la-Chapelle, t. in the grand duchy ,of
the Lower Rhine, between Juliers and Lira-
burg. The Frenclf give it the name of Aix-
la-ChapeUe, from the circumstance of Char
lemagne's having built here a chapel appro
priated to a convent of nuns, and frequently re
sorted to for his own devotions. It is divided into
the inner and outer town. In 1807, it had 3,080
houses, 27,164 inhabitants. It was long the fa
vourite residence of Charlemagne, and for some
time the capital of his empire ; hence it was long
customary to hold here the coronation of the em
perors of Germany. Its baths, seven in number,
issue from five springs, and are much celebrated.
They are much resdrted to in time of peace. This
city held the second rank among the imperial
towns of Westphalia. Two celebrated treaties of
peace have here been concluded; one in 1668
between Erance and Spain, the other in 1748 be
tween the different powers engaged in the war of
the Austrian succession. It was entered by the
French troops in 1794, and remained in the liands
of France till the faU* of Bonaparte, a period of
20 years, during which it *was the capital of the
dep. of the Roer, and the head of an arrondisse-
ment. It now belongs to PrUasia. 25 m. N. E.
Liege, 36 S. W. of Cologne, Lon.5° 54' E, Lat,
60°62'N.

Aizenay, t. France, dep. of Vendee, 15 leagues
N. W. Fontenoy. Pop. 3,500.
Aisey-le-Duc, t. and barony of France, dep. of
Cote d'Or, 9 leagues N. W. Of Dijon.
Akai, t. Japan, isl. of Niphon, 60 m. S. W. of
Meaco. Akalzike. See Akiska,
Akamapet, t. Hindostan, in the Carnatic, 25 m.
S. E. Calastri.
Akanimina, t. on the Ivory Coast of Guinea,
near cape ApoUonia, |ths of a league from the
shore. The anchorage is good j and gold dust and
ivory are procured here.
Akara, t. of the Arabian Irak, • a pachalic of
Bagdad, 10 m. S. E. Sura.
Akasttlca, t. of Japan, on the S. coast of the isl.
of Niphon. The houses, according to Kaempfer,
are larger than those even of Jeddo the capital. It
also contains some elegant inns. 100 m. E. Meaco,
140 W. S.W. Jeddo.
Akasi, t. Japan, on the S. coast of the isl. of
Niphon, intersected by a broad and deep river.
Here the govempr resides. ^
Akast, t. Arabia, 70 m. E. of Jerusalem.
Akato, t, Japan, isl. of Niphon, 36 m. W. of
Meaco. Akbar-abad. See Agra.
Akbar-nagur. See Rajemal,
Akbeik-baba, t, of Asiatic Turkey, in NatoUa,
20 m. N. W. of Eskishehr. ,
Akdasch, t. of Persia, prov. of Schirvan, on the
banks of Kur. It has 300 houses, 30 m. S. W. of
Schamaghi. Akebar, t. of tlie Arabian Irak, on the Tigris,
30 m.N. W.Bagdad.
Akelo, t. in Romania, on the Black sea.
Akermann, fort, Russia, in Bessarabia, on
the Black sea, at the mouth of the Dneister.
68 m. S. W. of Oczakow, 65 S. E. of Bender.
Lon, 31° 14' E. Lat. 46° 8'N.
AkersUot, v. in Holland. Pop. 840. 5 m.
S. of Alkmaer.
Akers-Skepslag, a maritime district of Sweden,
in Upland. '
Akhisar, t. Asiatic Turkey, on the site of the
ancient Thyatira, 40 m. S, E, of Pergamo, Lou.
27°49'E. Lat 38° 15' N.
AM, t. Japan, in the W. of the isl. of Niphon.
Akili, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, ou the
Black sea, 25 m. E. N. E. of Constantinople.
Akiska, Aghalzighe, or Ghalzig, province, A.
Turkey, in Armenia, on the S, W. confines of
Georgia. It is afertileand populous country, and its
mountains contain the richest minerals. The
town is open, and without fortifications, but has a
strong and lofty castle. Its inhabitants are of various
nations, Armenians, Turks, Jews, and Christians,
and carry on an active trade with Battum, a port
on the Black sea, 100 miles distant. Besides
mosques it contains two churches for the Chris
tians; aud the Jews have a synagogue. 90 m. N.
N. W, of Erivan, 100 S, W. of Teflis.
Akka, a station of Lower Suse, S. of Morocco,
bordering on the desert of Sahara. It is the ren
dezvous of the caravans from all parts of Moroc
co, whence they proceed across the desert to Tom
buctoo. Pop. 10,000, including the vicinity.
Akkably, a station in the district of Tuat, on the
caravan route between Gadamis and Tombuctoo.
Akkas, t, of Russia, in Finland. Lon. 23° 39'
E. Lat 61° 11' N. -
Akker, t . of Syria, pachaUc of Tripoli, on Mount

^4

ALA

Bargylus, supposed to be the Ker mentioned in
scripture. 30 m. E. of Tripoli, 66 N. W. of Da
mascus, Aklda, isl, in the North sea near the west coast
of E, Greenland. Lon. 46° W. Lat, 60° 38' N.
Aldeh, t. of Syria, on the confines of the desert,
30 m. S. E, of Aleppo,
Akmetschet, or Ahnedsgjid, t, in the plain of the
Crimea, in Russian Taurida, on the gulf of Ne-
gropila, with a road for vessels,
Akmi, one of the Aleutian islands,
Ako, t. of Japan, on the coast of Niphon isl,
Akschinsk, v. Russian Tartary, in Dauria, near
the Amur, on the bank of the Onon, The fortress
was built in 176^, and is one ofa chain of posts on
this part of the Russian frontier. Long. 132° E.
Lat. 60° N. ,
Akserai, t. of Asiatic Turkey, in Caramania, has
150 houses, 60 m. N. E of Konieh.
Akshehr, t. of Asiatic Turkey, in NatoUa, on the
eastern base of the mountain Akshehr, from which
streams descend which form a, rivulet in almost
every street. From this town are exported to
Smyrna fine carpets, wool, wax, gum, tragacanth,
and galls. The numerous gardens in the neigh
bourhood contain all the fruits and legumes of
Europe, besides many peculiar to the climate.
60 m. S, S. E. Karahissar.
Aksheshehr, t. Asiatic Turkey, in NatoUa, on the
Black sea; 90 m, E, of Constantinople. Lon. 31°
10' E. Lat 41° 15' N.
Aksicat, t. of Turkestan. Lon. 66° 30' E". Lat
42°12'N. Aksor, ' V. of Egypt, on part of the site of an
cient Thebes.
Aksuma, t, Turkestan, 60 m, N, E. Taraz.
Aktala, t, Georgia, 70 m, S, TefiUs.
Aktuba, r. of Asiatic Russia, issuing from the
Volga, and rejoining it before falUng into the Cas
pian sea. From the abundance of mulberry trees
on its banks, the Russians established colonies
here to make silk,
Akunpore, t. Hindostan, 16 m. E. S. E. Fyza-
bad. »
Akurla, t. Persian Armenia, 27 m. S, S, E, Eri
van. Akutan, one of the Aleutian islands.
Ala, market t,- on the Adige,' principality of
Trent, belonging to Austria. Pop, 4,000.
Alabama, one of the U, S. boUnded N. by Ten
nessee; E. by Georgia; S. by Florida, and the
Gulf of Mexico ; W. by Mississippi. A large
portion of tlie state still belongs to the Indians.
Sq . miles, 44,000. Pop. in 1810 less than 10,000 ;
in 1816, 29,683; in 1818, 70,496. Cahawba is
the seat of government. The land on the coast is
low and level ; as you proceed into the interior it
becomes hilly, and in the north it is in some places
mountainous. The soil is generally fertile, par
ticularly on the banks of the rivers. The lands
between the Tombigbee and Alabama rivers, are
ainong the best in the state. Cotton is the staple
production, and the great article of export. —
Blakely and Mobile are the principal ports. The
Creek Indians occupy the S. E. part of the state ;
the Cherokees, the N. E. the Choctaws, the S. W.
and the Chickasaws, the N. W.
Alabama, p-t, Monroe co, Alabama, on Alaba
ma river, 10 m. below Fort Jackson.
Alabama, r, in the state of Alabama, is formed
by the union of the Coosa and Tallapoosa, and
flowing S. S. W. unites with the Tombigbee to
form Mobile river 45 miles from the head of Mo-

ALA
bile Bay. From its mouth to the moutli of tlie
Cahawba, 210 miles, it has 4 or 5 feet water ; and
from the moutii of the Cahawba to the forks of the
Coosa and Tallapoosa, 3 feet in the shallowest
plaoes. Alabaster, or Eleuthera, one of the Bahama isl
ands, on the great Bahama bank. The cUmate is
healthy. It produces pine-apples for exportation.
There is a smaU fort and garrison on the island.
Lon, 76° 22' to 76° 56' W. Lat. 24° 40' to 26°
30' N,
Alach,-a. bailiwick, Germany, iu Erfurt, has 13
viUages, 9 of which are Lutheran.
Alachua Savannah, in E. Florida, 75 m. W. St.
Augustine, 50 railes in circumference, without a
tree or bush, but is encircled with hUls, covered
with forests, and orange groves, on a very rich soil.
The ancient Alachua Indian town stood on the
borders of this savannah ; but the Indians remov
ed to Cuscowilla, two miles distant, ou account of
the unhealthiness of the former site.
Alaeranes, a long range of hidden rocks, shoals,
and banks, S. side of the gulf of Mexico, opposite
the coast of Yucatan, east from Stone Banl^ aud
west from Cape St. Antonio. N. Lat. 23°, bet.
89° and 91° W. Long. Navigators pass round
them, though there are some good cimnuels and
soundings. Aladjiam, t. in NatoUa, on the Black sea. Lat.
41° 40' N.
Aladine Islands, in the bay of Bengal, near the
coast of Siam, extending from 9° 6' to 9° 40' N.
Lat. Aladulia, prov. of Asiatic Turkey, N. of Syria
and the Mediterranean, and E. of Caramania;
principal towns, Adana, Marasch, and Malatia.
Alaftaro, t. of Russia, in Finland, 34 m. N. N.
E. of Abo.
Alagao, t. on the S. coast of St. Michael's, the
largest of the Azores, 8 m. E. of Delgada.
Alajarvi, t. Russia, in Finland, cfrcle of Wasa,
from which town it is distant 60 m. to the E.
Lon, 23° 41' E. Lat. 62° 39' N.
Alaid, a lofty peak, in the sea of Okhotsk, which
first began to emit smoke in 1790, and blazed vio
lently in 1793 ; 20 m. N. W, of Cape Lopatka.
Aluirac, t of France, in clfep. of the Aude ; has
80 houses.
Alais, Alets, or Ales, a populous t in France, dep.
of the Gard, 13i leagues N. MontpeUer; trades in
grain, olives, oil, wine, silk, and in tlie manufac
tures of its territory. Pop. 80,000. Lon. 4° E.
Lat. 44° 8' N,
Alaku, t. Persia, in the prov, of Azerbijan, 50
m. N. W, of Tabris.
Alam, t. France, dep. of Upper Garonne ; hous
es about 100 ; 7 leagues N. E. St Bertrand.
Alamagan, or Conception Island, one of the
Ladrones, 18 m. in circuit Lat 18° 10' N.
Alamos real de los, v. of Mexico, in Cinaloa, S.
E. of the Sierra Madre, surrounded by rich silver
mines. Alan, Point, or Cape, W. coast of N. America,
gulf of Georgia. Lon, 237° 54' E. Lat 48° 2' N.
Alanche, t of France, dep. of tlie Cantal. Pop.
2,500. 4 leagues W. S. W. of Mercoeur.
Aland, isl. in the Baltic, near the point of meet
ing of the gulfs of Bothnia and Finland, between
the coasts of Finland and Upland in Sweden, is 40
m. long, 30 broad; has 8 parishes, and 11,260 in
habitants ; and was ceded to Russia, 1809. Lon.
20° E. Lat. 60° 18' N.
Alangi, city, province of Veraguay.

ALB
.llanich, t, of Asiatic Turkey, on tlie site oftlie
.mcient Coracesium, in Cilicia, In this port pi
rates were shut up by Pompey aud (ioinpelled to
surrender ; 110 m. S. S. W. of Konieh, Lon, 21°
39' E. Lat 36° 34' N.
Alapaew, t. Asiatic Russia, Uie capital of the
gov. of Perm. Pop. 1,000. 80 m. N. N. E.
Ekaterinburg. Lon. 61° 14' E. Lat 56° N.
Alara, t isl. of Majorca, 9 m. N, N, E. Palma.
Pop. 2,400.
Alarcow, t Spain, New Castile, on a rock, 42
leagues S. E. Madrid, has 200 houses.
Alas, t, W, coast of Sumatra. Lon. 10.2° 35'
E, Lat 4° 15" N.
Alasey Mountains, a ridge in Asiatic Russia,
which divides the sources of Omecon and Kovima
rivers, and terminates on the Frozen ocean.
Alassac, or Alassoc, t. France, dep. of the Cor-
i-eze, 12 m. W. Tulle. Pop. 3,160.
Alass Strait, between the islands of Lomboc
and Sumbawa in the Eastern sea.
Alata, V. of Mahometans, on the Abyssinian
Nile, near its source. Near it is the third cataract
on the river, which is of extraordinary grandeur.
35 m. S. S. W. Gondar.
Alatamaha, r, Georgia ; formed by the union of
the Oconee and Oakmulgee. It runs S. E. and
empties into the Atlantic by several mouthsj be
tween Sapelo and St. Simond's islands, 60 miles
S. W. of Savannah. It is navigable for vessels of
30 tons, as far as Milledgeville on the Oconee
branch, 300 miles from the ocean. The bar at
the mouth has 14 feet at low water.
Alatri, t. Italy, in the states of tlie Church, on
a hiU, 40 ra, E. S. E. Rome. Lon. 13° 14' E. Lat,
41°43'N. Alatyr, t, Asiatic Russia, government of Sin-
birsk, at the confluence of the Alatyr with the
Sura; 102 m. from Sinbirsk. Lon, 46° 14' E.
Lat 54° 45' N.
Alava, one of the three subdivisions of Biscay.
Alava, the S. point of the isl. ReviUa Gigedo, in
the Pacific ocean. Lon. 2!?8° 69' E. Lat 35°
«'N. Alavieska, t Sweden, in E, Bothnia, 30 m, S.
Brahestad. Lon, 24° 13' E. Lat 64° 10' N,
Alavo, t Russia, in Finland, 60 m, S. E, Wa
sa. Lon. 23° 26' E. Lat. 62° 36' N.
Alauch, t France, dep. of mouths of the Rhone,
5 m. N. E. Marseilles,
Alausi, province of Quito, S, America, moun
tainous, but pleasant and fertile.
Alausi, cap. of the above province. It manu
factures cloths, baizes, and cotton garments. Lon.
78° 39' W. Lat, 2° 12' N,
Alausi, r, of Quito, S. America, flows down the
W. side of the CordiUeras, into the bay of Guay
aquil. Alayor, chief t in a district of the isl. Minorca,
13 m, from Mahon.
Alazeia, or Alazey, r, Siberia, runs into the
Frozen ocean. Lon. 142° 14' E, Lat, 72° 4(Jf N.
Alazieskoi, settlement, Siberia, on Alasey river,
90 m, W. N, W. Nischney Kovinskoi. Lon, 144° 14'
E. Lat 69° 40' N, About 6*6 miles distant, the
river, in washing away the banks, exposed the
remains of a mammoth.
Alb, r. Germany, falls into the Rhine, 5 m. W.
N. W. Durlach.
Alb, r. Suabia, empties into the Rhine at Muhl-
berg. Alba, t. Italy, in Piedmont, on Tanaro r. Fop. 4

ALB

25

9,650, 18 m, S, E. Turin, Lon. 7° 50' E, Lat,
44° 40' N.
Alba, t Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 17 m, S, A-
quila. Albacele, or Cetide, trading t, Spain, in a plain,
in Murcia. Pop, 7 or 8,000. The value of the
saffron yearly is between 6 and T,000l. Here
corn and oil are raised ; and a cattle market is
held, 80 m. S. W, Valencia, Lon. 2° 2' W.
Lat, 38° 51' N,
Albacina, t. Italy, in the Maroa d'Arcona, 10
m, W, N. W, Talentino,
Alback, t. Kurdistan, 50 m, S, S. E, Van, 110 S.
W. Tabriz.
Albaladejo, t, Spain, province of Cuenca, IB m,
S, Cuenca,
Albalale, co. Spain, in Valencia.
Alban, t, France, dep. of the Tarn, 16 m, E.
Alby. Albanazir. See Albarrazin.
Albania, a large province, in European
Turkey, on the E. side of the Adriatic and the
Ionian sea. It comprehends ancient Illyria and
Epirus. It is 136 miles long, and 70 to 90 in
breadth. It yields wine, oil, and corn, and the
mountains are covered with forests. Opposite the
coast are the Ionian Isles.
Albaniticorio, t. isl. Samps, 9 m. W. Cora.
Albano, t, Italy, iu Lombardy, on Seris r. 5 m.
E. Bergamo.
Albano, t Naples, in Otranto, 4 m. W. N. W.
Ostuni. Albano, t Italy, Campagnadi Roma, resorted to
on pleasure excursions by the inhabitants of
Rome, in spring and harvest. The country is
appropriate to the culture of the vine. Here is
an aqueduct of the Romans to carry off the wa
ter of the Lake. In this neighbourhood was the
combat between the Horatii and Curiatii. 14 m,
S, S. E. Rome.
Albanopolis, or Albanopoli, t. of Turkey, on Dri-
no r. in Albania, 43 m, E, Alesio. -
Albany, t Oxford co. Maine, 18 m. N. W. Paris^
Pop. 165,
Albany, p-t. Orleans co. Vt, 40 m. N, N, E,
MontpeUer.
. -SZJanj/, CO, .N. Y. on Hudson r. Pop. 34,661.
Chief t Albany.
Albany, city, Albany co, N. Y. on W. bank of
the Hudson, 160 m, N. of New- York; 30 N. of
Hudson; 170 W, of Boston, and 230 S. of Mon
treal. Pop,'9,356. It is the seat of government,
and in population, wealth, and commerce, the
second city in the state. It is finely situated for
comm«rce, at the head of sloop navigation on the
Hudson, and the canals now in progress will soon
connect it with Lake Champlain and Lake Erie.
The city is supplied with excellent water from a
spring 6 miles distant, by an aqueduct which con
veys it to every house. Among the public build
ings are a stone state house, and an elegant acade
my of red free stone, a jail, 4 banlcs, and 11 houses
for public worship. A large portion of the inhabi
tants are of Dutch origin.
Albany, t Berks co. Pa, E, Harrisburg. Pop.
995. Albany, r. North America, which faUs into
James' bay, lon, 84° 30' W. lat 51° 30' N. runs
N, E. through a chain of small lakes, from the S,
end of Winnipeg lake. The British fort is on the
river, in lon, 87° 20' W. Lat 53° 10' N,
Albarada, t. Italy, in the Veronese, 15 m, S. E.
Verona.

26

ALB

Albaretto, t. Italy, in Piedmont, subject to the
king of Sardinia.
Albaricoques, Point of the, on the N. coast of
the isl. St, Domingo, between the Trau d'Enfers
and Cape Bourbon.
Albaroux, t. France, dep. of the Vaucluse. Pop.
800. Albarrazin, t. Spain, province of Arragon, on
the Guadalaviar, environed by hills, and on the
frontiers of Valencia and of New Castile. Pop.
1,800, It has some iron works; fine Arragon
wool is produced in its environs. 5 leagues W.
Teruel, 100 E. Madrid. Lon. 1° 20' W. Lat.
40°34'N. Albarregas, r. S. America, New Granada, de
scends from the mountains of Bogota, and runs into
the lake Maracaibo.
Albas, t France, dep. of the Lot, 9 m. W, Ca-
hors, Albasano, f European Turkey, in Albania, 45
m. E. S. E, Durazzo, 150 S. W. Sophia. Lon. 20°
16'E. Lat 41° 30' N,
Albatross, Point, New Zealand. Lon. 184° 42'
W. Lat. 38° 4' S.
Albatross, Isl. on the N. of Van Diemen's land.
Lon, 144° 41' E, Lat, 40° 25" S.
Albaxen, v, Germany, in the grand duchy of
the Lower Rhine, 3 m, N. Corvey.
Albay, t on the E, side of the isle of Lucon.
- Lon. 123° 50' E. Lat, 13° 17' N.
Albay, a volcanic mountain in the isl. Lucon,
subject to frequent eruptions ; one in 1814, laid
waste the province, and destroyed thousands of
the inhabitants,
Albayda, or Ahelda, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 6
m. from Lograno
Albazin, or Jacsa, fort on the N. side of Amur
r. now demolished. Lat 53° N.
Albe, t Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 15 m, S. A-
quila. Albe, r. France, runs into the Sarre, at Sarre-
alb, dep. of the Moselle.
Albe, r. Hanover, principality of Luneburg,
falls into the AUer, near Rethem.
.^Ibeca, t Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m. S. S. W.
Lerida. Albeck, t kingdom of Wirtembeig, 5 ra, N, E,
Ulm, Albegna, r. Middle Italy, runs into lake Orbi-
tello, by a canal.
Albekirk, t. HoUand, 4 m, S, W. MedembUok,
Albell, r. Switzerland, canton of the Grisons,
joins a branch of the Rhine near Furstenau.
Albemarle, t. France, in Upper Normandy, now
commonly called Aumale.
Albemarle, co, Va, near the centre of the state.
Chief t, CharlottesviUe. Pop. 18,268,
Albemarle Sound, on the coast of N. Carolina, in
the N. E. part of the state, is 60 miles long from
E. to W. and from 4 to 16 vride. It receives the
Chowan, Roanoke, and several smaller rivers. It
communicates with Pamlico bound and the Ocean
by several narrow inlets, and with Chesapeake
bay by a canal cut through Dismal Swamp.
Alben, market t Carniola, in the circle of Adcls-
burg, 2 m, N, W. Czirknitz, on a mountain.
Albenga, or Albengua, t. on the coast of Genoa,
30 ra. S, W. Genoa.
Albenque, t, France, dep. of the Lot, the head
of a canton, 8 leagues N, N. E. Montauban. Pop.
1,920. Albcnreuth, Old and J^ew, viUages, in Bavaria.
Here are mines of cobalt and iron works.

ALB
Alberche, r. Spain, province of Toledo, falls into
the Tagus a little above Talavera de la Reyne.
On its banks a battle was fought by lord WeUmg-
ton in 1809.
Alberone, t, Naples, province of Capitanata, 8
ra, S. S. E, Volturara.
Alberri, inlet of N. Pacific ocean, on the S. W.
coast of Quadra and Vancouver islands. Lon. 235°
25' E, Lat, 49° N,
Alberschwende, or Alberschwerde, v. Austrian
empire, Bregentz co. Pop. 1,000,
Alberstroff, t. France, in Lorraine, 9? leagues
E,S. E, ofMetz.
Albertshausen, v. Bavaria, principaUty of
Wurtzburg, 6 ra. fr, Wurtzburg.
Albertshofen, v, Bavaria, principaUty of Wurtz
burg, on the Maine, 2 m, fr, Kitzingen.
Albeszti, market t Walachia, 10 m. N. E. Bu-
cliarest AM, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 6 m. W.
Celano. Albi, or Alvie, t Savoy, district of Genevois, 7
leagues N, Chamberry,
Albiani, s-p, Guinea, on the Ivory coast.
Albiania Cape, on»the N, W, extremity of the
isl. of Cyprus. Lon. 32° 18' E, Lat 35° 10'
N.' Albias, V. France, 2J leagues N. N. E. of Mon-
taubEin. Albin, or Aubin, t France, dep. of the Avey-
ron. Pop. 3,150. 8 leagues N. W. Rhodez.
Albino, V. Italy, in tiie Lombardo- Venetian
kingdom, district of Bergamasco.
Albion, a name given to Great Britain.
Albirshausen, or Albershausen,, v. Wirtemburg,
baliwick of Goppingen. Pop. 740,
Albis, t. Switzerland, 3 m. S. W. Zurich.
Albisheim, v. Germany, duchy of Nassau. Pop.
650. Albisola, v. Italy, 5 m. N. W. of Savona.
Alblasserdamm, v. S. Holland, at the entrance of
Alblass r, into the sea. Pop. 21,00.
^Iblingen, -v. Switzerland, canton of Fribourg,
at the conflux of the Scliwarzwassen and the Sense.
Albona or Alvona, t. Austrian empire, in Istria,
in the gulf of Carnero, on a rising ground near
the moutli of Arsa r. 16 m. E. Rovigno.
Albonnal, t. Spain, in Granada, 18 m. E. N. E.
Motril. Albor, t, on tlie coast of Portugal, in Algarve,
3 m, E, Lagos.
Albor, isl. N. Atlantic ocean, one of the Baha
mas, between Neque and St Salvador.
A Iboran, isl. in the Mediterranean, bet Capode
Gata in Spain, and Cajio de Tres Forcas in Africa.
Alboran, isl, N. Africa, near Melilla, on the
coast of Fez. Lon. 2° 32' W. Lat. 36° N.
Albourn, t and parish, Eng. Wiltshire, on a riv
er running into the Kennet. Pop. 1,260. 7 m. fr.
Marlborough, 73 fr, London.
Albouzeme,, s-p. Morocco, near its E, frontiers.
Lon. 2° 64' E. Lat. 35° 10' N.
Albraham, t. Eng. Chester co. near the canal,
14 m. fr. Chester. Pop. 333.
Albrechiaw, t Prussia, prov.of Oberland, 20 m.
E. Marienwerder.
Albrechts, Alberts, or Andemers, v. Henneberg
CO. Pop. 740, 2 m, N. Suhlara.
Albreda, v. W, Africa on the Gambia, kingdom
of Barra-, where tlie French have a factory. Pop.
7,000. Albert or Lebret, t. Fraaca, dep. of the Landesi
Pop. 1,000.

A L C

A L C

27

Albrighton, hamlet, Eng, Salop co, 4 m, fr,
Shrewsbury. Albrights, p-t. Orange co. N. C,
Albesee, lake neai- the castle of Hohen-Schwan-
gau, Bavaria, on the confines of the Tyrol,
Albufeira, t, Portugal, prov. Algarve, on the S.
coast, bet Fai-o and Lagos. Pop. 1,900. 12 ra.
E, ViUa-Nova de Portimao.
Albufera, a. salt-water lalie S. of Valencia, in
Spain, the overflowings of the sea. It supplies Va
lencia with fish.
AUiugla, V. Egypt, on the W, branch of the
Nile, 10 m, S. Damietta.
Albuhat, t Egypt, near lake Menzaleh, 56 m.
S. E. Damietta.
Albula, or Albach, r, Switzerland, canton of the
Grisons, falls into the Rhine near Tussis.
Albunuclas, t Spain, in Granada, 12 m. E.
Alhama. Albu^la, t Naples, in BasiUcata, 8 m. S. Polenza.
Albuquerque, t castle, and domain, in Spanish
Estremadura, on the frontiers of Portugal, bet.
Elvas and Alcantara. Pop. 5,500. 20 m. N. Ba-
dajoz. Albuquerque, t. New Mexico, on the Rio del
Norte. Pop. 6,000.
Albuquerque, Santa Rosa de, v. Mexico, where
the duties on the silver mines of the district of Co-
lotlan are paid.
Alburg, p-t. and port of entry, Grand Isle co.
Vt 40 m. N. BurUngton. Pop. 1,106.
AUyy, or Albi, t France, dep. of the Tarn. Pop.
9,860 ; on the left bank of Tarn r. 12 leagues S.
W. Rhodez, and 15 N, E. Toulouse. On the side
next Montauban is the village Chateauvieux, oue
of the suburbs. The promenade, La Lice, is very
beautiful. The archiepiscopal palace on the
banks of the Tarn, affords an extensive prospect.
The organ of the cathedral is one of the finest in
France. The manufactures are linen and wool
len stuffs, baize, and serge. Lon. 2° 13' E, Lat.
43° 55' N.
Alby, V. Eng. York co. the Roman Derventes ;
10 m, N. E. York,
Alcacar de Guete, t. Spain, in New Castile, 20
m. fr, Cuenca.
Alcacar de SaA Juan, t Spain, in New CastUe,
43 m. S. E. Toledo,
Alcacer-do-Sal, t Portuguese Estremadura, on
Caldao r. 38 m. S. E. Lisbon. Lon, 8° 22' W.
Lat. 38° 22' N.
Alcacovas (As) t Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 m. S.
W. Evora.
Alcalade Gisvert, or Xibert, t Spain, in Valen
cia, 15 leagues fr. Murviedro. Pop. 3,600.
Alcalalie Guadayra, t Spain, in Andalusia, 12
m.N.E. SeviUe.
Alcala de Henares, t Spain, in Toledo, 15 m. E.
of Madrid. Pop. 5,000, It contains 3 parish
churches, 28 cloisters for both sexes, 4 hospitals,
and a university of 24 colleges, founded by cardi
nal Ximenes, in 1499, After Salamanca, it was
the seminary in greatest repute in Spain, That
splendid edition of the Bible, The Biblia Complu-
tensia, so called, from Complutum, the ancient
name of this town, was put to .press in 1512, and
completed iu 1517.
Alcala de los Gazules, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 10
m. E. N. E. Medina Sidonia.
Alcala del Rio, t Spain, in Andalusia, on the
Guadalquiver, 6 m, above Seville.
Alcala la Real, t Spain, on a high eleva,tSon in
Andalusia, 9 leagues fr. Jaen. It contains a rich

abbey. Pop, 8,000 or 9,000. Lon. 4° 10' W. Lat.
37° 43' N.
Alcamo, t. and co. Sicily, in the Val di Mazza
ra, 1 league fr. the , gulf Castele-a-Mure, 25 m. S.
W. Palermo,
Alcanede, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 19 ra. S.
W. Thomar.
Alcaniz, t. Spain, ip Arragon, on the Guada
loupe, 46 m. S. E. Saragossa.
Alcanizas, v, Spain, in Leon, 27 m. W. Zamora.
Alcantara, t Alcantard, a district in Spanish
Estremadura, on the Tagus, which is here cross
ed by an old Roman stone bridge. Its walls, bas
tions, and other works, are kept with care, as it is
a frontier town. The trade is in wool and cloth.
Pop. 3,000. 130 m, W. S. W. Madrid. Lon. 6°
43' W. Lat 39° 40' N,
Alcantara, t Portugal, in Estremadura, on the
Tagus, near Lisbon. It hasa royal palace, with
beautiful gardens, grottos, and artificial fountains,
Alcantara, or Alcantarilla, t Spain, in Seville,
near Guadalquiver r. The Roman bridge across
the marshes formed by the river, is still remain
ing. It was shut in at each side with a gate, over
which was a tower, 14 m. S. Seville.
Alcantara, t Brazil, in Maranham, on the bay
St. Marcos, opposite the isl, Maranham. It is a
thriving place, and its importance increases rap
idly, as the lemds in the neighbourhood are in re
quest for cotton plantations. It has a stone quay
for small craft.
. Alcantarca, S. Antonio de, t, Brazil, iu Mar
anham ; also, a village in Chili.
Alcantarilla, t. Portugal, in Algarva, 15 m. E.
Villa Nova de Portimao.
Alcaraceios, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the E,
bank of the Guadalquiver.
Alcarai, r, Buenos Ayres, S, America, falls into
the Plata,
Alcaraz, t Spain, in La Mancha, on a mountain
in the Campo di Montiely near the source of the
Guadamena, Pop, 3,300. 54 m. E. Ciudad
Real, loss. S,E,Madrid,
Alcaraz, v. Spain, in Catalonia, 2 leagues fr,
Lerida, Alcaria, t Spain, in Biscay, 9 m, E, Vittoria.
Alcatraces, isl. Pacific ocean. Lon, 102° 30' W.
Lat 16° 3' n:
Alcatraces, isl. 1 of the islands N, of St, Domingo.
Alcatras, isl. off the W. coast of Africa, S. of the
Rio Grande. Lon, 14° 20' W. Lat 10° 6' N.
Alcaudete, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 8 leagues E,
S, E. of Cordova,, and 9 W Jaen.
Alcazar Sequer, t. Morocco, W. Ceuta,
Alcttzar-quiher, t Morocco, on Sucos r. 20 m,
fr, the sea ; the spot where Don Sebastian lost his
life, in his expedition against the Moors.
Aleester, or Alncester, t, Eng. Warwick co. at
confluence of the Ain and Arrow, engaged in
needle making. Pop. 1,862. 8. ra. N. W Strat
ford on Avon, 102 N. W. London.
Alchaphah, mountain of Syria, 18 m. W, Anta-
kia, Alcken, v. Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, on the Moselle. Pop, 276. 9 m. S. W.
Coblentz. Alckmaer, or Alckmaar, chief t. N, Holland. Pop.
10,000, They trade in corn, cheese, butter, flow
er-roots, and seeds, A canal leads through it to
unite the Zuyderzee with the North sea, 24 m.
N.N. W. Amsterdam.
Alcmaer, isl. in tbe Eastern sea, near t,lip, coastof
Java.

2S

A L D

Alcmaer, isl. South Pacific, on the N. coast of
New Guinea, Lon, 135° 46' E. Lat 3° 53' S.
Alcoa, r, Portuguese Estremadura, flows into
the Atlantic.
Alcobaca, t, Portuguese Estremadura, near the
sea, 17 ra, S. S, W, Leiria,
Alcocer, t. Spain, province of La Mancha.
Alcoentre, t Portuguese Estremadura, 17 m, S.
W. Santarem.
Aleohite, t with a castle, Portuguese Estrema
dura, on the Tagxis, opposite Lisbon.
Alcolea, t, Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal
quiver, 6 m. N. of Carmona ; also, a place on the
Cinca, in Arragon, 16 ra, S.Balbastro,
Alcomicem, or Alcorucen, t, Spain, province of
Granada, Alconbury-Weston, t Eng, Huntingdon co. Pop,
288, 63 m, fr, London,
Alconchel, fort of Portugal, in Estremadura, on
the Alcaraque, 12 m, S. Olivenza,
Alcora, t, Spain, in Valencia, near the sea and
the river Mijares, Here are the best manufac
tures of earthen ware in the kingdom,
Alcorcon, t. Spain, in New Castile, 2 leagues fr.
Madrid. Alcoroches, v. Spain, in New Castile, province
ofCuenca, Alcovenda, v, Spain, in New Castile, 10 m, N,
Madrid, Alcoutini, t and castle, of Portugal, in Algarve,
on the frontiers of Alentejo. Pop. 1,000. 20 m.
N. N. E. Tavira. Lon. 7° 24' W. Lat 37° 26' N.
Alcoy, t. Spain, in Valencia, with manufactures
of cloth, soap, and paper. It has fruitful environs.
Pop. 10,000. 20m. N.Alicante.
'Alcudia, t in theN. E. part of the isl, of Major
ca, opposite to Minorca. Pop. 1,000.
AUudia de Carlet, t. Spain, in Valencia. Pop.
2,000. 5 leagues S, Valencia,
Alcueiar, t. Spain, in the province of Arragon,
12 m, N, Balbastro.
Aid, r. England, Suffolk co,
Alda.n, r. Siberia, rises on the confines of China,
and joins the Lena in lon, 128° 20' E, lat 63° 26'
N. On its banks in Yakutzk, the finest sables are
obtained, Aldborough, s-p, Eng. Suffolk co. on the Aid,
with a quay for fishing vessels. Pop. 1,067. 3 m.
fr. Oxford, 94 fr. London.
Aldborsugh, or Aldbrough, t. Eng, North Riding
of Yorkshire. Pop, 461. 7 m, fr. Richmond.
Aldborough, t Eng. West Riding of Yorkshire,
on the Ouse, the Roman Isurium Briganitium ;
Roman antiquities are still discovered here. Pop.
464, 1 m. fr. Boroughbridge, 202 fr, I.ondon.
Aldborough, t Middlesex co.'Up, Canada, on
Lake Eric. /
Aldbury, v. and parish of Eng. Hertfordshire,
Pop, 566,
Aide, or Olde, isl. on the coast of Norway, Lon,
5° 10' E, Lat 61° 25' N,
Aldea de Araguria, t Brazil, government of
Goyas, on the Toccantins, Lon, 49° 46' W, Lat,
10° 20' S.
Aldea de Carajas, t. Brazil, on the Negro, 170
m. W, Fort Rio Negro,
Aldea de Curua-vasu, t, Brazil, government of
Goyas. Lon. 52° 51' W, Lat. 12° 10' S.
Aldea del Espiritu Santo, V, Brazil, province of
Todos Santos, at the mouth of Joana r. ; also, a
village in Sercg:ippe, althe entrance of Real r.
Aldea dos Indios, t. Brazil, 10 m. S. Ilheos.
Aldea el Muro, or Aldea del Peco, t. Spain in Old

ALE
Castile, the Augustobriga of Ptolemy, 6 m. E
Soria. Aldea Mieva, v. Spain on the Ambroz. Pop. 1,500 ;
a few leagues from Placenzia.
Aldea Numa, v. Spain, in Old Castile, district
of Rioga.
Aldea de Panuco, t, Brazil, in Goyas, 255 m. N.
Villa Boa.
Aldea del Rio, v, Spain, in Andalusia, 4 leagues
from Anduxar,
Aldea de Sahante de Cux, t Brazil, in Goyas,
300 m. N, Villa Boa.
Aldea de Tapuyas, t Brazil, 300 ra. S. W, St
Salvador. Aldego, r. Upper Italy, runs into the Adige, bet.
Zcrpano and Albaredo.
Aldekerk, v. Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, Pop. 600. It has manufactures of silk,
ribbons, linens, and other stuffs.
Aldendh, t Prussian grand dUchy of the Lower
Rhine, 20 m, S, Cologne, 30 N. W. Coblentz.
Aldenberg, t. Prussia, grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 12 m. N. E. Cologne.
Aldenburg, t Germany, duchy of Anhalt Bern-
burg, 4 m, N, Bemburg.
Aldenham, v. and parish, Eng. Hertfordshire,
1 m, E, of the Cohie. Pop, 1,015. 2 m. N, E.
Watford, Aldenhoven, t grand duchy of the Lower Rhine .
Pop. 1,050. 3 m. W. S, W. Juliers.
Alderburgh, t. Eng; Wiltshire, near the Avon
and Salisbury canal. It has a manufactory of fus
tian. Pop. 448. 3 m. fr. Salisbury, 77 fr. Lon
don. Alderholm, isl. Sweden, in Norrland, Termed by
three branches of Gefle r, 80 m. N. Stockholm.
Alderley Superior and Alderley Inferior, two
townships Eng. Cheshire. Pop. 985. 6 m. from
Macclesfield, 172 fr. London.
Aldemey, isl, of Great Britain in the EngUsh
channel, 7 m. fr. Cape la Hogue, in Normandy.
The intermediate channel, called the Race of Al
demey, is of dangerous navigation in stormy
weather. The island forms part ofa chain extend
ing to the Caskets, whereon a Ught-house has been
erected lately. Pop. 1,300. 18 m.N.E. Guern
sey. Aldemey, JTew. See Ourry's Island.
Aldershott, hamlet, Eng. Southampton co. 3 m.
fr. Farnham, 41 fr. London. Pop. 498.
Aldeya de Ataiha, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 m.
S. of Arronches.
Aldeya Gallega, t. Portuguese Estremadura, on
the Tagus, opposite Lisbon.
Aldeya Gallega de Merciana, t Portuguese Es
tremadura, district of Alanguer.
Aldford, t. Eng. Cheshire. Pop. 391. 6. m, fr.
Chester, 174 fr. London.
Aldie, p-v. Loudon co. Va. 35 m. N, W. Wash-
ing'ton. .Udi.ngen, t, Wirteniburg. Pop. 900.
Aldingen on Ihe Baar, v. in tlie kingdom of Wir
temberg, 5 m. E, N, E, Stutgard.
Aldonm, r. Siberia, falls into the sea of Okhotsk,
at Aldomish bay,
Aldstone Moor, or Alstone Moor, t, and parish of
Eng, Cumberland co, on a hiU, at the bottom of
wliich is the river Tyne, crossed by a stone bridge.
About 1,100 men ai'e employed in its lead mines.
Pop. 5,079, 11 m, fr. Hexham, 19 fr. Penrith, 302
fr, London,
Alece, r. Calabria Ultra, in Naples, falls into
the sea necir Cape Spartivento.

ALE
Akfcora, t. isl, of Cyprus, 10 m. S, Baffa,
Alegre, t, France, dep, of tlie Upper Loire,
Pop. 900. 18 leagues S, S. E, Clermont-Ferand.
Alegrete, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 7i m. S. E.
Portalegre, Alegria de Dulanci, t Spain, in Biscay, 3
leagues fr. Tolosa,
Alekiam, v. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 36 m. S.
Sevrihissar, Aleksefskoi, t. Asiatic Russia, 90 m. S. S. E.
Sinbirsk. Lon. 50° 14' E. Lat. 53° 15' N.
Aleksiepskoe, t. Asiatic Russia, 110 m. N. E.
Saratof. Alemann, r. Switzerland, falls into the lake of
Geneva, Alembaddy, or Aleambaddy, t. Hind, in Coimbe-
toor, 74 m. E. S. E. Seringapatam,
Alemparve, or AUamparva, fort of Hind, on the
sea-coast of the Carnatic, 67 m, S. W. Madras.
Alen, t. Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine. Pop, 760 ; on the Weser, 13 m, S, S, E.
Munster. Alen. r, Hanover, in Calenberg, faUs into the
Weser, near Lippoldesberg.
Alenby, t Norway, 60m. S. Drontheim.
Alencon, t Lower Normandy, cap, of the de
partment of the Orne. The suburbs are St. Blaise,
Casau, Montsor, La Barre, and Lancret Pop,
13,234, Its trade is in cloth, in linen, coarse and
fine, but particularly in point-lace. It has exten
sive tanneries, glass-houses, and smelting-houses.
There are free stone quarries in the neighbour
hood ; add at the village of Hertre, about a league
W. of the town, is found the mineral called the
Alencon diamond, which has equal lustre, though
not the same hardness, as the true stone. 8 leagues
N. Mons, 16 S, S. E. Caen, 35 S. W. Paris.
Alensteig, t. in the archduchy of Austria, 4 m.
S. Bohemian Waidhoven.
Alentak, district of Russia, in Revel, or Estho-
nia, bet. lake Peipus and the gulf of Finland.
Chief t, Narva.
Alentejo, or Alemteio, the largest province in
Portugal, on the Atlantic. 108 m. in length
and in breadth ; contains 4 cities, 105 towns, and
358 parishes. Pop. 339,356. It is divided into
the jurisdictions, Evora, Beja, Elvas, Portalegre,
Ourique, Villa Viciosa, Crato, and Aviz.
Aleppo, Old, or Kinnesreen, t Syria, the an
cient Chedcis, cap. of Chaloidone, 15 m. S. Alep
po. Aleppo, city of Syria, cap, of a pachalic. It is
on 8 small hills, intersected by Kowick r. It is in
circuit 3i miles, and including the suburbs, 7 or 8.
The city is surrounded by a wall and has 9 gates.
Near the N, E, corner is a castle on a hill, encom
passed by a ditch ; a bridge of 7 arches is thrown
over the ditch on the S. It is a magazine for mil
itary stores. Aleppo is the 4th city of the Otto
man empire, exceeded only by Constantinople,
Cairo, and Damascus. It is well built. The
streets are broader than usual in the East, are pav
ed, and have two foot-paths raised six inches high.
The houses are surmounted by terraces, on which
the inhabitants sleep in summer. The seraglio
or palace of the pacha is spacious, with magnifi
cent gates. A distinct quarter of the city is allot
ted to Jews, and another to Europeans, The
mosques are built of free stone, with a dome in the
middle, covered with lead. About 20 caravan
seras or inns, spacious quadrangular edifices, one
story high, are dispersed through the city, and
coffee-houses, with a fountain in the middle, and a

ALE

29

gallery for musicians. Pop, 250,000, chiefly
Turks and Arabs ; among tliem are 30,000 Chris
tians, and 5000 Jews. Women are not seen in the
streets of Aleppo after dusk. Its manufactures are
of silk and cotton, it exports cloth from Antioch,
Merdin, Orfa, and Antab ; osnaburghs from Alep
po and Damascus, and printed cottons from Diar
bekir ; also galls, different drugs, and copper, and
a variety of other articles. The imports from Eu
rope are cloths, Lyonese stuffs, and bonnets after
the fashion of Tunis from France, merceries, in
digo, tea, sugur, paper, soap, and a gi'eat quan
tity of coral ornaments, 4 caravans annually pro
ceed through Natolia, to Constantinople ; otiiers
arrive from Bagdad and Bassora with coffee
brought from Mocha on the Red sea, round the
Persian gulf ; as also muslins and shawls from In
dia. Aleppo is healthy ; but visited once in about
10 years by the plague. 70 m. S E. Alexandret-
ta, 234N. Damascus. Lon. 37° 16' E. Lat 36°
11' N-.
Aleria, t on the E. coast of the isl. of Corsica.
20 m. S, E, Corte,
Alesani, t. isl. of Corsica, district of Aleria,
Aleschany, market t Eu. Turkey, in the E, of
Wallachia, on Chricou r.
Aleschki, or Aleszki, t. and fort, Russia, in E.
Nogai, cap, of a circle in Taurida,
Alesham, or Aylesham, t, and parish of Eng.
Norfolk CO. near 'Thyrn r. The chief manufacture
is stockings. Here is a mineral spring, deemed
efficacious in chronic diseases. Pop. 1,760. 12
ra. N. Norwich, 121 N, N, E, London,
Alesheim, t. Bavaria, in Anspach, 5 m. N. W.
Weissenburg. Alessandria, or Alexandria, strong t, with a cit
adel, on the E. bank of the Tanaro, in Upper Ita
ly. It is the see of a bishop, who belongs to tlie
archiepiscopal diocese of 'Turin. It contains a
cathedral, 12 parish, 2 collegiate churches, 17 mo-
naste(tes and nunneries. Pop, 35,216, Its fairs
in i^pril and October, are attended by merchants,
from Italy, France and Switzerland, 38 m. S. W.
Milan, 44 E, Turin,
Alessano, t. Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, 12 m.
S, S. W, Otranto, 200 E, S. E. Naples.
Alessio, t, Greece, in Albania, 12 m, N, Dur
azzo, Emd 96 S. E, Ragusa,
Alessone, t, Macedonia, near Olympus, 20 m, N.
W, Larissa.
Alelh, t France, on Aude r, dep. of the Aude.
Pop. 1,000.
.Alevaia, i. Siberia, flows into Penjinskoe sea,
the upper part of the sea of Okhotsk, Lon, 167''
14'E4Lat62° N.
Aleurska, t. Siberia, at the confluence of the riv
ers Ajilaand Aler, 64 m. N, E, NeJtchinsk.
Aleutan, or Aleutian Islands, a chain of islands
in the N, Pacific ocean, stretching from the penin
sula of Kamtschatka, in Asia, to Cape Alaska, in
N, America, under the government of Irkutzk,
Russia ; about 40 in number. Several volcanoes,
exist among these islands, and earthquakes are
comraon. Behring's island, Attoo, and Oonalash-
ka, are the largest. Lat 55° N. Lon, 165° to 195°
E, Only a few are inhabited.
Alexain, v. France, dep., of the Mayenne, "4
leagues N. Laval,
Alexander, bay, on the E, coast of the Caspian
sea, Lon, 71° 25' E, Lat 43° 37' N,
Alexander, cape on the W. coast of New Geor
gia, one of the Solomon's islands. Lon, 156° 6' E.
Iiat 6" 46' S,

30

ALE

Alexander, cape on the S, coast of an isl. at the
entrance of Duncan's canal, in the N. Pacific
ocean. Lon. 227° 18' E. Lat 56° 36' N.
Alexander, p-t Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. S, Ba
tavia, Alexander, t. Athens co, Ohio. Pop. 765.
Alexander, co. Illinois, at the angle between
Ohio and Mississippi rivers,
Alexander's Peak, group among the Aladin isis.
in the S. part of the Mergui archipelago. Lat
9° 8' N. ,
Alexanderville, v. Montgomery co. Ohio, on Mi
ami r. 7 m. below Dayton.
Alexandretta, or Scanderoon, s-p. Syria, at the
S. E, part of a bay in the Mediterranean, Its
road is tlie only one in Syria affording good an
chorage. It is unhealthy, owing to the miasmata
from the marshes, and proves fatal to the crews of
, vessels. Europeans seek refuge in summer in the
neighbouring village of Beilan, About half a
mile S. is an octagonal castle, built of hewn stone.
The walls are low, but each side is defended by a
tower. To the N. is an old square tower, inacces
sible on account of the morass, 30 ra. N. Antioch,
70 N. W. Aleppo.
Alexandria, v. Scotland, in Dumbartonshire, 4
m. N, Dumbarton.
Alexandria, t. Russia, in Cherson, 70m. W, Eka-
terinoslav, 150 S, W, Kiev. Lon, 32° 52' E, Lat
48° 25' N.
Alexandria, t. Russia, in Volhynia, on Hovyn r.
SO m. E. S. E, Lucko. Lon, 26° 20' E. Lat. 50°
45' N. — Alexandria is also the name of a number
of small places throughout Russia, particularly in
Pultowa and Ekaterinoslav,
Alexandria, city, ancient capital of Egypt,
founded 331 A, C. by Alexander the Great. On
an island opposite to the mouth of the harbor, is
the pharos, or light house, one of the wonders of
the ancient world. Alexandria engrossed the
commerce of India ; goods being brought up the
Red sea, landed at Berenice, carried across to the
Nile, there embarked, and conveyed down the
river and through a canal from its main bank, to
the city. It was the centre of all sciences con
nected with mathematics, astronomy, and geog
raphy ; those learned men only were valued who
faad been bred in its school. 'The library surpass
ed all others which antiquity could boast. The
discovery of the Cape of Good Hope transferred
the India trade to a different channel. Alexandria
is situated at the W. extremity of the Eg3rptian
coast, on the borders of the Lybian desert, upon a
Beck of land, between the sea and lake Mareotis.
It communicates with the Nile by a canal, which
also suppUes the city vrith water. The old town
is partly inclosed vrith walls nearly six mUes in
circumference ; but the ruins of the ancient city
can be traced over three times that circuit, Pom
pey's pillar is 94 or 95 feet high, composed of 3
pieces of the finest granite, one for the pedestal,
the other for the shaft, and the third for the capi
tal. The mean diameter is 7 feet 9 inches. The
two obelisks, one thrown down and the other
standing, vulgarly called Cleopatra's Needles, are
each 58 feet 6 inches high, and the breadth of the
base is 7 feet. They are composed each of a sin
gle block of granite, and entirely covered with
hieroglyphics. The reservoirs with which an
cient Alexandria was supplied with water, exca
vated the whole ground upon which that city
stood, A conduit, from the canal of Cleopatra,
•"xtended thr wholf, longUi of the city, conducting

ALF
the water into the cisterns. The catacombs begin
at the extremity of the old city, and extend along
the coast; they consist of smaU sepulchral grottos
cut in the, rock, which is a soft calcareous sub
stance ; the interior of the galleries is plastered
with mortar, difficult to break; each cavity con
tained three coffins piled over each other. New
Alexandria is built chiefly along the coast The
population has been esimated as high as 20,000,
though the settled residents may not exceed 5,000.
Turks compose the officers of government and the
garrison ; the Copts are numerous, but held in
contempt The mercantile transactions are in
the hands of the Jews. The approach from the
W. is difficult, the Lybian shore being a dead flat,
presenting no object perceptible at a distance. The
first land-mark is two eminences, with a tower on
each, called Aboukir. There are two harbors,
the old and the new ; the old harbor is safe, and
affords a sufficient depth of water; the new is
shallow, has a rocky bottom, and is exposed to the
N. winds, which blow with greatr violence. Lon.
30° 5' E, Lat 31° 16' N.
Alexandria, t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m.
N. of Machias.
Alexandria, t Grafton co. N. H. 27 m, N. of
Concoi)cl. Pop. 409.
Alexandria, t Hunterdon co, N. J. Pop. 2,271.
Alexandria, p-t. Huntington co. Pa. 89 m. W.
Harrisburg, 10 N. W, Huntington. Pop. 156.
Alexandria, ccDistrictof Columbia. Pop, 8,562.
Alexandria, city, and port of entry, in the Dis
trict of Columbia, on the W. bank of the Poto
mac, 7 m, S. of Washington. Pgp, in 1810, 7,227.
It has a commodious hai-bor, sufficiently deep for
the largest ships, and is a place of extensive
trade, especiaUy in the article of flour. Exports
in 1810, |930,634. Shipping in 1816, 11,811
tons. Alexandria, p-t. in the parish of Rapides, Lou
isiana, on Red river, 120 m. from its mouth, and
80 below Natchitoches, 350 by water from New
Orleans. It is a new and flourishing settlement.
Almost allthe inhabitants are Americans.
Alexandria, t Scioto co, Ohio, on Ohio r, at the
mouth of Scioto r. which separates it from Ports
mouth, 45 m. S, Chilicothe.
Alexandriana, p-t, Mecklenburg co, N. C. 157
S, W. Raleigh,
Alexandroivka, settlement, Asiatic Russia, in
Caucasus, on Kuma r. Pop. 448,
Alexandrovskaia, fort, Russia, in Ekaterinoslav.
on the Dnieper, 40 m, below Ekaterinoslav, 114
N, E, Cherson.
Alexandrow, chief t. of a circle, in Madimir,
Russia, Here was erected the first printing press
in Russia. 48 m, E, Moscow,
Alexandrow, or Alexandrmcka, t Russia, in Po-
dolia. Alexandrowka, the name of several small towns,
Russia, in Cherson, Ekaterinoslay, Tambov, &c.
Alexieioka, t, Russia, in Saratov, on the extreme
limit of Europe.
Alexin, t, Russia, in Thoula, on the Oka.
Alexin, t WaUacliia, 48 m, N, E, Bucharest,
Alexinsa, t. Turkey in Europe, in Servia, 18
m. N. N.W. Nissa.
Alexo, isl. of tlie Atlantic, on tlie coast of Per
nambuco, Brazil.
Alexopol, cap, of a circle, in Pultawa, Russia,
30 m, S, Pultawa,
Alf, V. Prussian grand duchv of the Lower
Rhiiip. Pop, 500.

A L G

A L G

31

Alfacar, t, Spain, 5 m. N. E. Grenada.
Alfalta. See Halfaia.
Alfandega da Fe, t Portugal, inTras los Monies,
12 m. N. Torre de Moncorvo.
Alfaques, harbor, Spain, in the W. mouth of
the Ebro, 9 m. S. Tortosa.
Alfaro, t Spain, at the conflux of the Alama
and Ebro. Pop. 4,700. 9 m, S. W. Todela.
Alfaya, t W. Africa, on the Kalinkie r. which
falls into the Rio Grande, 60 m. from tlie sea, and
80 S, W. Teemboo.
Alfayates, foft, Portugal, 150 m. N, E, Lisbon.
Alfdorf, V. Wirtemberg. Pop. 940.
Alfeizara, or Alfeisarang, t Portuguese Estre
madura, in Leiria.
.4(^eW,t. Hanover, on Leine r. Pop, 2,076. 15
m. S. Hildesheim, and 30 S. Hanover.
Alfeld, v. grand sduchy of Baden, 4 m. N. Nei-
denaa. Alfeldha, mountain, Persia, in Kerman, 36 ra.
S. Kerman.
Alfeo, or Carbon, r. the largest in the Morea,
falls into the Ionian sea, on the W. coast, 6 m, from
Olympia, On its banks were held the Olympic
games. Alfeo, r. isl. Sicily, empties into the Mediterra
nean at Syracuse.
Alf ere, t Arabia, 72 m. S. Medina.
Alferez, r. Brazil, in Rey, which enters the lake
Mini. Alfiderua, t Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 15 m. S.
S. E. Sulmona, 42 N, Capua.
Alfkarkby, v. Sweden, in Upsal, where the Dal-
Elbe falls into the gulf of Bothnia.
Alf antes, t Portugal, iu Algrave,10 m. W. Louie.
Alford, t. England, Lincolnshfre. Pop. 1,169.
30 m. E. Lincoln, 140 N. London.
Alford, V. Scotland, Aberdeen co, near which a
battle was fought in July 1645, between the Roy-
aUsts, under Montrose, and the covenanters, com
manded by Baillie, who was defeated. 15 m. S.
W. Inverury, 28 N. W. Aberdeen.
Alford, t Berkshire co, Mass. Pop, 522.
Alford' s store, p-v. Hancock co. Georgia, 42 m.
N .Milledgeville.
Alfordsmlle, p-v. Robeson co, N, C. S. Raleigh.
Alfordstown, t, and cap, Moore co. N. C, 30 m.
W. N. W. Fayetteville.
Alfred, t Prescottco. Up. Canada, on Ottawa r.
Alfred, p-t and half shire, York co, Maine, 24
m, N. of York, Pop. 1,106.
Alfred,^-t. AUeghany co. N. Y. 10m. S. E. An
gelica. Pop, 273.
Alfreton, market t. and parish, England, Derby
CO. in which stockings and earthen ware are man
ufactured. Pop. 3,396. 14 m. W. Derby, 141 N.
London. Alfrick, hamlet, England, Worcester co, 7 m, fr.
Worcester. Pop, 404.
Alfter, lordship, Pri^ssian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, with a qastle. Pop, 850.
r Alfundao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 6 ra. S. W.
Beja. Algaiola, s-p. W. coast of the isl. of Corsica, at
the embouchure of the Aregno into the Mediter
ranean, 6 m. N, N, E. Calvi, 38 S. W. Bastia,
Algaira, or Aliara, r, Spain, in Cuenca, which,
falls into the Gabriel.
Algar, t Spain, in Andalusia, 8 leagues from
Xerez de la Frontera.
Algar, Cape, on the N. W. coast of the isl. of
Majorca. Algarva, or Algarbia, the S. province of Portu-

fal, bounded on the W. and S. by the Atlantic.
op, 96,000.
Algas, r. Spain, in Arragon, which falls into
the Matarana near Nonaspe.
Algemesi, or Algemesia, t. Spain, in Valencia ;
near which grow great quantities of Pita, of
which they make cordage, and spin a thread fine
enough for lace. 18 m. S. Valencia.
Algeri, or Algheri, t on the W. coast of Sardin
ia, 79 ra. N. W. Cagliari.
Algesheim, a walled t. grand duchy of Hesse
Darmstadt Pop. 1,430.
Algeziras, a maritime t Spain, in Andalusia, in
the gulf of Gibraltar, between Cape Algeziras
and the rock of Gibraltar ; hence it is often called
Old Gibraltar. Pop. about 4,500. 7 m. W. Gib
raltar. Alghise, t. Upper Italy, in the Lombardo- Vene
tian kingdom, district of Bresciano, on Savarona
r. Pop, 3,000.
Algienta, t Lombardy, on the Lambro, 10 m.
N. Milan.
Algiers, N. Africa, one of the Barbary states,
on the Mediterranean, between Morocco and Tu
nis, extending S. to Atlas mountains. It is the an
cient Numidia and Mauritania Tingitania. The
mountains are covered with vineyards and forests,
except Jurjura, 60 raUes S. E. Algiers, whose top
is covered with snow during great part of the
year. The largest river is Shelliff, which has a
course of 300 miles ; the A(^'idi rolls S. into the
desert, and is lost in a lake on its borders. The
soil produces wheat and barley, and all the fruits
and vegetables of Europe. It contains mines of
lead and iron. Near the lake of Marks is a solid
mountain of salt, and the lake, when it dries up in
summer, leaves its bed deeply incrusted with it.
The salt pits near Arzew are about 6 miles in
compass. The manufactures consist in silk, par
ticularly sashes and handkerchiefs, and in carpets,
and a coarse kind of linen. The exports are co
ral, wool, bees wax, ship timber, ostrichs' feath
ers, grain, pulse, hides, goat and sheep skins, cam
el's hair, cattle, sheep, of the annual value of
42,175Z. The imports Consist of European manu
factures, and colonial produce. Linens, musUns,
and hardware, are prominent articles. The
towns are inhabited by Moors, Jews, and Turks,
with a few Europeans ; the plain country by the
Arabs ; and the mountains by Brebers, or Bereb-
bers. See Barbary. Algiers is divided into 3 prov
inces : the W. or Tlemsam or Tremecen, borders
on Morocco ; chief towns Tlemsan and Oran :
the central or Algiers proper, the E, or Con-
stantina; chief towns Constantina and Bona.
Algiers, city, capital of the above country, on
the Mediterranean, and on the declivity of ' a hill,
on which the houses rise gradually in the form of
an amphitheatre, and terminate nearly in a point
at the summit It is IJ miles in circiiit The
largest street is not above 12 feet wide, in which
are the mansions of the opulent, the warehouses
of the principal merchants, the markets for corn,
bread, meat, fish, &c. Pop. estimated from 180,000
to 200,000. The largest buildings are the deyfs
palace and the seraglio, both of great magnitude,
with marble pillars of carious workmanship. It
has 60 mosques ; the finest is 60 feet by 40, three
stories high, and supported by pillara of white
marble, imported from Genoa ; the walls are of
white stone, brought from the ruins of Oran.
Aqueducts convey water from, the country to 150
fountains, dispersed through the. city. Round

32

A L I

the city is a wall about a league in circumfer
ence ; 12 feet thick, 30 feet high towards the land
side, and 40 feet towards the sea. It is strength
ened by fortifications at its 5 gates. The harbor
is formed by two moles, one running N, and the
©ther N, E, and meeting at an island called the
Lantern, It is 130 fathoms long, 80 broad, and
15 feet deep. The entrance is defended by a
round castle and batteries of brass guns, Lon, 3°
30' E. Lat 36° 42' N,
Algodon, isl, in the Atlantic ocean, N, of St,
Domingo, Algodres, t Portugal, in Beira, 3 m, N. W. Cas
tel Bodrigo,
Algony. isl. Sweden, on the W, side of the gulf
ef Bothnia- ¦ Lon. 18° 26' E, Lat. 63'' 9' N.
Algonquins, Indians, a large tribe in the neigh
borhood of the Assiniboins, on both sides of the
line which divides the U. S. frora U, Canada, W.
of the Mississippi.
Algoso, t. Portugal, in Tras los Monies, 20 ra.
W, S. W, Miranda de Duero.
Algristam-Head, promontory on the N. W, coast
of Scotland, Ross co. Lon. 5° 44' W. Lat 67°
46' N.
Algueda, t and parish, isl, of Majorca. Pop.
1,200, Alhama, t, Spain, in Murcia. Pop. 3,500.
Alhama, t Spain, in Granada, at the foot of a
hill, on Motril r. 25 m, S, W. Granada,
Alhama, le Seca, t Spain, in Granada, 10 m. N.
N. W. of Almeria.
Alhambra, t Spain, in Arragon, 7 m. S. Teruel.
Alhambra. See Granada, Town of.
Alhamrud, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the S.
coast of the Caspian sea, 30 m. W. Fehrabad.
Lon, 52° 30' E. Lat 35° 48' N.
Alhandra, t. in Portuguese Estremadura, on
the Tagus, 16 m, N, E, Lisbon, Pop. 1,350.
Alhaur, r. Natolia, which runs into the'Sakaria,
8 m, S, Almeria.
Alhaurin, v, Spain, in Granada, 3 leagues S,W.
Malaga, Alhaus, t, Prussia, 4 m, S. Culm,
Alhol Vedros, t, Portugal, in Estremadura, 6
m. S. E, Lisbon.
Ali, t. Georgia, 50 m. W. Teflis,
Aliabad, v. Persia, in Mazanderan, 30 m, S, E.
of Fehrabad, and 39 N. E, of Teheran,
Aliabali, isl. in the Caspian sea, near the W,
coast, Lon. 68° 6' E. Lat, 39° 5' N,
Alibama, anAAttOr-Kackpoos, Indians, remnants '
of these tribes mingled with remnants of other
tribes, are scattered in different parts of the state
of Lousiana,
Aljaki, t. Russisi, 20 m, S. E. Czerkasky.
AlianeUo, t. Naples, in BasiUcata, 27 m. E, Po-
tenza, Aliano, t, Naples, in BasiUcata, 23 m. S, E, Po-
tenza, Alianskoi, fort, Russia, 120 m. S. W, Kolhyvane.
Lon. .79° 34' E, Lat, 52° 60' N.
Alibam, t. Arabia, 140 m, S, E. Amanzirlfdin
Alibeg-keri, t Eu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, 24 m,
E, Salistria.
Alica, t Italy, in Tuscany, 29 m. W, S,' W.
Florence. Alicant, t. Ceylon, 10 m, S. Calitoor.
Alicante, t Spain, in Valencia, ou a peninsula, '
in a bay of the Mediterranean. The harbor is
one of the best in Valencia, 37 m, N, E, Murcia,
75 S. Valencia. Pop, 16,950. Lon. 9° 24' W.
Lat. 38° 35' N,

ALL
Alicata, fortified t on the S. coast of the Val di
Mazzara, Sicily, 18 m. E, S. E. Girgenti,
Alicudi, or Alicuri, one of the Lipari islands in
the Mediterranean, 15 m. W. Lipari.
Alicun, t. Spain, '12 m. frora Granada.
Aligrmy, one of the Philippine islands. Lat 9°
51' N.
Aligne. See Marcans.
AlSiamnum, t, Asiatic Turkey, on the Tigris,
20 m. from Mosul,
A lima, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat. 19° 20' N, *
Alinagore, t. Hind. Carnatic, 10 m. W. Trico-
lore. Alingsas, t Sweden, 5 m. S. of Bohus. Lon.
12° 19' E. Lat 57° 58' N,
Alipee, t. Cochin, populous; the residence of
many of the merchants who ate agents for houses
at Bombay. Exports^ pepper, graiii,a nd timber.
Lat 9° 42' N.
Alishung, dist of A%hanistan, India, between
35° and 36° N. lat, and 68° and 69° E. lon. sur
rounded by lofty mountains, covered with snow.
Chief t Penjshehr.
Aljubarrota, market t Portuguese Estreinadura,
10 m, S. of Leiria, Pop, 1,000, -
Aljucen, t Spain, Estremadura, 7 m, N. Merida.
Aljustrel, t, Portugal, in Alentejo, 16 m. W, S.
W. Beja, Pop. 1,500.
Alixen, t France, dep. of the Ardeche, 6 m, E,
N, E, of Valence.
Alkaisan, fort, in Asiatic Turkey, 106 m, W.

Alkmaer. See Akkmaer.
Allahabad, province of Hindostan, between 22°
and 26° N.lat and 79° and 83° E. lon. bounded
N. by the provinces of Oude and Agra, S, by
Gundwana, E. by Bahar, and W, by Malway and
Agra. Seven-eighths of the inhabitants are sup
posed to be Hindoos, the remainder Mahometans.
Allahabad, city, cap. of the above province, at
the junction of the Ganges and Jumna, 820 m.
from the sea by the course of the river. Every
summer multitudes of pilgrims resort hither from
all parts of India. The fort stands in lat 25° 27'
N, and lon, 81° 50' E. 490 m, W. N. W. Calcutta.
It is a station of the Baptist Missionary Society,
made in 1814.
Allah-Shehr, or City of God, t Asiatic Turkey,
in Natolia. It is spread upon the declivities of 3
or 4 hills, and exhibits remains of a wall, which
once encompassed it. Here there is a catiiedral,
large and ornamented with carving, gilding, and
portraits ; but of 24 churches of that communion,
only 6 are in repair and served by priests. The
Greeks have a bishop and chief priest. The
town is situated on one of the principal roa,ds to
Smyrna, whither a caravan goes and returns reg
ularly. It is greatly frequented, especjaUy by Ar
menian merchants. The coffeehouses and baths
are much resorted to. There are about 300
Greek families. This city is tlie ancient Phila
delphia, so liable to earthquakes. 30 m. S. E.
Sart or Sardis, and 5 days' journey from Smyrna.
Allaine, t. France, in Brittany, 10 leagues E.
Vannes. Pop. 4,360,
Allais, or El Aice, t, Sennaar, cap. of one of the
three governments into which that country is di
vided. Allande, t, Spain, Asturia, 28 m. W. of Oviedo.
Alia Torre, district of the Lombardo- Venetian
kingdom, middle division of the ValteUne, valley
of Malenker.

ALL

ALL

33

.ilhegah, t, in the E. province of Algiers, on a
small river. Its vicinity is covered with large
heaps of ruins, 20 m. E, Constantina,
Alleghany, co, N. Y. on Genesee r, bordering on
Pennsylvania. Pop, 1,942, Chief t, Angelica,
^AUeghany, co. Pa, at the junction of Alleghany
and Monongahela rivers. Chief t, Pittsburg,
Pop, 25,317,
Alleghany, t, Cambria co. Pa, W. Harrisburg.
Pop, 610.
Alleghany, t, Venango co. Pa. N. W. Harris
burg. Pop. 299,
Alleghany, t. Huntington co. Pa. W. Harris
burg. Pop. 1,159.
Alleghany, t, Somerset co. Pa. S. W. Harris
burg. Pop, 271.
Alleghany, t Armstrong co. Pa, W. Harrisburg.
Pop. 820.
Alleghany, co. Md. the N. W. jnd of the State,
on Potomac r. Chief t Cumberland. Pop,
6,909. AUeghany, mountains, U, S, commence in the
N. part of Georgia, and running N, E, nearly
parallel with the coast of the Atlantic ocean, at
the distance of 250 miles, pass through N. Caroli
na, Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, and New
York, and terminate near Hudson river. They
divide the waters which flow into the Atlantic,
from those which flow into the Mississippi. The
Catskill mountains, at the N. E. extremity, are the
highest summits in the range.
Alleghany, r. rises in Pennsylvania, and runs
first N. W. into New York, and tlien by a bend to
the S. W. again enters Pennsylvania, and at Pitts
burg unites with the Monongahela to form the
Ohio. It is a steady stream, and navigable for
keel boats of 10 tons to Hamilton, 260 m. above
Pittsburg. AUegranza, isl. or rock, the most N. of the Ca
naries; barren and uninhabited, resorted to, to
gather orchilla.
Allemance, p-v. Guilford co. N. C. 77 m. W.
Raleigh. . Alkmand, r. falls into the Mississippi from the
S. E. 43 m. S. Natches.
Allemans, t. Fraiice, dep. of the Lot and Ga
ronne, on the Drot, 28 m. N. N. W. Agen,
Allemond, v, France, dep, of the Isere, 6 leagues
E, Grenoble. Pop. 1,000.
Allen, r. England, runs into the Stour, near
Blandford. Allen, r, Wales, Flint co, which has a subterra
neous course for a short distance.
Allen, Isle of, Ireland, Kildare co, 5 m. N, E.
Kildare. Allen, t, Cumberland co. Pa, near Harrisburg.
Pop, 1,837,
Allen, CO. Kentucky. Chief t Scottsville, The
post-office is 160 m, from Frankfort.
Allen, CO, Ohio, formed 1820, in a part of the In
dian reservation,
Allenburg, t. East Prussia, in Tapiau, on the
Alle, 30 m, S, E. Konigsberg. Pop. 1,350.
Allendale, t England, Northumberland co, di
vided into East and West, 9 m. from Hexham, 291
from London. Pop. 2,006.
Allendorf, t Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the
Werra, 24 m, W. MulhaUsen. Pop, 2,500.
Allendorf, t. Hesse Darmstadt, between Mar
burg and Giessen, 6 m, N, E, Giessen. Pop. 1,030.
Allendorf, t Russia, in Riga.
Allenheim, v. Germany, near KehJ on the
Rhine, Pop, 500. 5

Allan's Creek, r. N, Y. rises in the S. part of ¦
Genesee co. and rumiing N, E, empties into Gene
see r. in Caledonia, Many mills are erected on it"
Allen' s ferry, p-v. Harrison co. Indiana.
Allen's fresh, p-v, Charles co, Md, 43 m, S.
Washington, on Wicomico r,
Allen's Island, in the gulf of Carpentaria,
New Holland, Lon, 139° 26' E. Lat 17° 5' S.
Allenstein, in Polish Olsetan, a bailiwick and
small t, with a castle, in East Prussia, 60 m. S.
Konigsberg. Lon. 20° 26' E. Lat 63° 40' N,
Pop, 2,000,
Mlenstown, t, Rockingham co, N, H. 10 m. 9.
E, Concord, Pop. 346,
Allenstown, p-t Monmouth co, N, J. 11 m. E,
TrenlSn* Allentown, p-t and cap, Lehigh co. Pa, on Le
high r, 52 N, N, W. Philadelphia, Pop, 1,291.
Allentown, p-v. Montgomery co. N. C, S. W.
Raleigh. Allentrop, t, on the Soubeck, in the Prussian
grand duchy of the Rhine, 9 m, S. Arensberg.
AlUpie, t. Hind, on the Malabar coast, 40 m. N.
Cochin, 60 N. Quilon, 120 N, Cape Comorin,
Pop, 13,000. Pepper and other-spices are procur
ed here for the E. India ships. It is a Missionary
station, containing a church, house and garden,
and a school-house. The number of scholars
amounts to 70, including 26 orphans. The con
gregation, consisting of school-children, Syrians,
Roman Catholics, and heathen, has increased to
200. ¦AUer., r. Lower Saxony, falls into the Weser be
low Verden.
AUer, V. England, Somerset co, 6 m. S. Bridge-
water. Allerberg, market t. Bavaria, in Neuberg, 16 rgt,
S. Nuremburg. Pop. 1,570,
Allerton, t, England, West Riding of Yorkshire.
Pop, 1,093. 33 m, fr, Bradford, 199 fr, London,
Allerton (Chapel), t, England, Leeds, West Ri
ding of Yorkshire, 2 m. from Leeds, Pop, 1,362.
Allerton Bywaler, t, England, W. P.,iding of
Yorkshire, 5 m, from Pontefract. Pop, 292,
Allesani, t. isl. of Corsica, 13 m, E. N. E. Corte.
Allevard, t, France, in Dauphin^ Pop. 2,060.
7J leagues N. El Grenoble,
Allex, V, France, dep, of the Drome, 4 leagues
S, Valence.
Allfeld, t Germany, in the grand duchy of Ba
den. Pop. of the bailiwick 1,860.
Alii, T. Naples, in Calabria Ulteriore, falls into
the gulf of SquiUace,
Allier, r. France, after a course of 72 leagues,
falls into the Loire, 3 m. below Nevers.
./S/Ser, dep. of France. Pop. 254,558. Divided
into the arrondissements of Mont LuQon, Moulins,
Gannat, and PaUsse.
Alligator r. N. C. runs through Alligator Swamp
into Albemarle sotfnd.
Alligator, bay, on the S. coast of Jamaica.
Allighur, English fort. Hind, situated between
the Ganges and the Jumna. Lon. 78° 24' E. Lat.
27°55'N. Allinaghur, t Hindostan, 20 m. N. Chazypore.
Allinghfry, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 38 m, S,
W. Arcot
Allinghy, t. Hind, 30 m, S. W. Dindigul.
AUipore, t Hind. 30 m. from Gwalior,
AUistar, or Allestar, t, peninsula of Malacca, 2
or 3 leagues from the mouth of a river.
Allitory, t, Hini^. in the Carnatic, 5 m, S, W,
Trichinopoly.

34

A L M

Alloa, s-p. Scotland, Clackmannan co. on the
N. bank of the Forth. The harbor is safe and
commpdious, having 16 feet of water in neap, and
22 in spring tides. It has a dry dock for receiving
large vessels. The coUieries employ a great num
ber of people, and produce about 35,000 tons
yearly for export. From the distilleries above
1,000,000 gallons of spirits are sometimes shipped
in a year. Here is a glass-house, wherein ordina
ry green glass bottles are made. The imports are
grain, Umestone, ironstone, and goods from the
Baltic. Pop. 3,000. 27 m. from Edinburgh, 5
from Stirling.
Allonby, t England, Cumberland co. Pop. 665.
309 m. from London.
Alloor, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 16 m» I*, Nel-
lore, 114 N.Madras,
Alks, t. France, Pop, 1,400. Near a lake 7i
leagues N. E. £)igne.
Allouettes, point, in tlie St, Lawrence, at the
mouth of Saguenay r.
Allow, two rivers, Eng. falUng into the Tyne.
Allow, 1'. isl. of Anglesey, falUng into the Irish
sea, AUoway Creek, t Salem co, N, J,
AlUncay, r, Salem co, N. J, runs into Dela
ware r.
All-Saints, islands near Guadaloupe, in the W.
Indies. Allsaints, parish, Georgetown district, S, C.
All-Saints, bay of the Pacific, on the coast of
New Albion. Lon. 243° 38' E. Lat 31° 44' N.
Alludsje, t. Arabia, 14 ra. E. N. E. Beit-el-Fa-
kih. Allum, t. liiiad. in the Carnatic, 11m, N.W.
Palamcotta, Allut, t. Ceylon, 15 ni, N, E. Candy. Lon. 81°
2'E. Lat 7° 56' N.,
Alluye, or Halluye, t. with a castle, France,
dep. of the Eure and Loire, 150 houses, 13 m. S.
S. W, Chartres.
Allynagrum, t. Hind, in Dindigul,' 15 m. W,
Ootampaleam. Almaden, t Spain, in La Mancha, 39 m. S. W.
Ciudad Real,
Almaden de la Plata, t Spain, on the Celar, 32
m. N. SeviUe.
Almagre, t, Spain, in La Mancha, Pop. 3,000,
Almaguer, city, S. America, in Quito, on the
top of a smaU mountain, 21 m. S. Popayan. Lon.
76° 64' W. Lat 1° 66' N.
Abnali, t Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 42 m. S.
W. Sataiia. Lon, 29° 42' E, Lat, 36° 38' N,
Alnumchery, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 11 m. N.
Bomranzepollam. Almandrel, t. S. America, on the coast of Chili.
Alrrvmza, or Almanca, t Spain. Pop. 6,000. 54
m, S, W. Valencia,
Almansor, r. Spain, runs into the Mediterrane
an, on the coast of Granada.
Almaraz, t. Spanish Estremadura, 36 ni, from
Talavera de la Reyna, Pop. 1,000.
Almarhha, s-p. Arabia, 2 m. E. Cape Almarhha,
on the W. coast of the Red sea, Lon, 33° 3' 40"
E. Lat 29° 1' 41" N,
Almas, t, in Sclavonia, at the influx of the Drave
into the Danube.
Almas, the name of various towns and villages
in Hungary and Transylvania.
Ahnofl, station, in Brazil, where the duties on
gold mines are paid ; near the source of the Toc-
cantine.

A L N
Almazan, t in Old Castile, Spain, 16 m, S. o
Soria, .
Almeida, a strong fort, in Portugal, prov, of Bei-
ra. It has a regular citadel. Pop. 2,500. 113 m.
N. E. Lisbon. -,
Almeirim, t Portuguese Estremadura, 3 m, S.
E. Santarem.
Almeloo, t. Holland, in Overyssel, 20 ra. E.N. E.
Deventer. Almendra, t Portugal, in Beira, 6 m. N. W.
Castel Rodrigo,
Almendral, t ChiU, 3 m. from Valparaiso.
Almendrakjo, t in Spanish Estremadura, 12 m.
S. Merida,
Almendro, t Spain, in SeviUe, 18 m. N. N. E.
Ayamonte. Almeneches, t France, dep. of the Orne, 18 m.
N. Alen5on.
Almeria, a maritime t Spain, 64 m. S. E. Gra
nada, Almeria, t, Mexico, on the coast, 60 m, N. Vera
Cruz, 150 E. Mexico.
Almirante, r. Florida, runs S. E. into Pensacola
bay. Almirante, Bay, coast of Veragua, on the N.
coast of the IsHimus of Darien. At its entrance are
raany small islands and hidden rocks. Lat 9° 5'
N, Lon, 82° 30' W.
Almissa, s-p. Dalmatia, 16 m. Spalatro. Pop.
1,000. Almodavar, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 9 m, S. Ou
rique, Almodovar del Campo, t, Spain, in La Mancha,
18 m, S. Ciudad Real, Pop. 3,000.
Almodovar del Pinar, t. Spain, 26 m. E. S. E,
Cuenca, Almoi, t Prussia, 24 m. S. W. Rastenbmg.
Almonascid, t. Spain, New Castile, 9 m. S. E.
Toledo. Another, 15 m. S, Leon.
Almonbury, t England, in Yorkshire, 1 m. from
Huddersfield, Pop. 4,613.
Almond, r. Scotland, flows into the frith of Forth,
5 m. N, W, Edinburgh.
Almond, r. Scotland, runs into the frith of Tay.
Almont, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 90 m, S. W,
Fehrabad. Almonte, t Spain, in SeviUe, 16 m. S, E. Moguer.
Almora, a subdivision of Kemaon, N. E. part of
Hind, separated from the British territory by a
lofty range of mountains, and subject to the rajah
of Napal. Its capital, Ahnora, is in lon. 79° 40'
E, Lat, 29° 35' N.
Almsladt, t Sweden, 4 m. E. Christianstadt
Almunda, t. Hind. 14 m, S. W. Vizianagram.
Almunecar, t Spain, has a good harbor, and a
castle, 36 m. S, S. W. Granada. Pop. 2,000.
Almunia, t Spain, in Arragon, 22 m. from Sar
agossa. Pop, 3,000,
Almurradiel, t, Spain, in La Mancha, 24 m, from
Manzanarez, Almus, t Asiatic Turkey, 20 m. N. E. Tocat.
Alma, formerly Xfew Milford, p-t. Lincoln co.
Maine, 10 ra. N. Wiscasset It is a flourishing
farming town.
Alnemouth, Ailmouth, or Alemoulh, s-p. Eng.
in Northumberlandshire, at the moutli of tlie Alne.
Pop. 363. 6 ra. from Alnwick.
Alnwick, or Alncwick, t. Eng. Northumberland
shire, near the river Alne, once fortified. Pop.
5,426. 34 m. N. N. W. Newcasfle.
Alnwick, t. Northumberland co. Up. Canada,
on Rice lake, W. Kingston.

ALP

ALT

35

Alnwick, t. Northumberland co. New Bruns
wick, on the sea coast.
Ahiey, isl. Eng. in the Severn, near the city of
Gloucester. The single combat between Ed
mund Ironside and Canute the Dane, took place
here. Along, r. Asia, which runs into the gulf of Si
am, Lon. 100° 21' E. Lat, 8° 40' N. Also a
town, on this river, 30 m, N. N, W. of Ligor,
Aloo, Straits, in the Eastern seas, between Lo-
mablem and Pantar isles.
Alopha, r, Syria, flows into the Mediterranean,
2 m. S. Bairout
Aiora, t. Spain, in Granada, 18 ra. N. W. Mal
aga. Alore, t. Hind; in Dowlatabad, on the Godavery,
30 m. E, Nander.
Aloren, isl, on the E. side of the gulf of Botli-
uia. Lon. 22° 18' E. Lat 63° 35' N.
Alomo, t Hind. 8 m. N. Goa,
Alosen, Cape, of the island of Elba.
Alost, or Aelst, t Netherlands, in Flanders, on
the Dender, which is navigable to the town. Pop.
11,000. 13 m. S. E. Ghent, 15 N. W. Brussels.
Alota, t on the coast of Corsica^near the gulf
of Ajaecio.
Alpalhao, v. Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 m. N. N.
W. Portalegre. Pop. 1,200.
Alpedrinna, t Portugal, in Beira, 13 m. N, N
E. CasteUo-Branco. . I
Alpedriz, market t in Portuguese Estremadura
8 m. S. W. Leiria.
Alperspach, t. in the Black Forest, near Horn-
berg. Pop. 1,300.
Alphen, t. Holland, on the Rhine, between Ley-
den and Woerden. Pop. 2,000.
Alphen, t Netherlands,*tDutch Brabant Pop.
1,000. Alphington, v, Eng, in Devonshire, 2 m. from
Exeter. Pop. 911.
Alphonso, isl, in the Indian sea. Lon. 54° 60' E.
Lat 7° 4' S.
Alpnach, or Altnacht, t Switzerland, in Under-
walden, 6 m, S. Lucerne.
Alpon, Vecchio, i. Italy, in the Veronese, falls
into the Adige.
Alpour, t Hind. 100 m. W. S. W. Hydrabad.
Lat 16° 40' N.
Alps, mountains, Europe, divide Italy from
France, Switzerland, and Germany ; they are iu
the form of a crescent, and are divided into the
Maritime, the Cottian, the Grecian, the Pennine,
the Rhoetian, the Tyrolese and Tridentine, inclu
ding those of Suabia, the Noric, the Carnic, and
the Julian. The maritime Alps are so called from
their proximity to the Mediterranean. Over the
Pennine Alps, along Mount Simplon, Bonaparte
passed into Italy to fight the battle of Marengo, in
1 800. The Alpine mountains are in height from 4000
to 12,000 feet, separated only by narrow valUes.
Mont Blanc is 15,500 feet high, being the highest
mountain in Europe. It is in Savoy, and is seen
from Dijon and Langres, a distance of 140 miles.
Alps, the Suabian or Wirtemberg, a chain of
mountains, 70 miles in length and from 15 to 20 in
breadth, which separates the channel of the Dan
ube from that of the Neckar, and occupies the S.
E. corner oftlie kingdom of Wirtemberg, It is a
continuation of the mountain tract called the
Black Forest.
Alps, Lower, dep. France, formed of the N. E,
part of Provence. Extent, 373 square leagues.
Pop. 147,910.

Alps, Upper, dep, of France, having N, and E,
the Cottian Alps, which separate it from Piedmont,
Extent 251 square leagues. Pop. 121,523,
Alresford, t. Eng, in Southamptonshire, 6 m. N,
E. Winchester.
Alrewas, v. and parish of Eng, Staffordshire, ou
the Trent. Pop. 1,121. 7 m. N. E. Litchfield.
Alroe, isl. in the gulf of Horsens, in Jutiand,
Lon. 10° 30' E, Lat. 55° 52' N.
Alsace, province of France, now formed into the
departments of the Upperandi Lower Rhine, which
see. Alsace, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,275.
Alschausen, a castie in Suabia, near Biberach,
9 m. S. Buchau. Pop. 1,600.
Alsen, isl. in the Baltic, lying bet, isl.Funen and
the E. coast of Sleswick. Pop. 16,046.
Alsenz, v. Bavaria, in Sponheira, Pop. 1,100.
9 ra, S. Kreutznach.
AUfeld, t. Germany, in Hesse. Pop, 3,020. 50
m, N. E. Frankfort on the Maine.
Alshash, province of Great Bukharia, ou the
river Sihon. Lat, 43° N.
Alsheim, a market t. in Hesse. Fop. 1,030. 10
m. N. Worms.
Alsingsund, strait, in the Baltic, near Sunder-
burg, separates the isl, of Alsen from the main land
of Sleswick.
Alsleben, or Alschleben, t and castle of Prussia,
in the duchy of Magdeburg, on the Saale, Pop.
1,070, 9 m. S. S. W. Bernburg.
Also-Sajo, V. Hungary, in Gomor co. Much
quicksilver and cinnabar are obtained here.
Alstadt, t in Saxe-Weimar. Pop. 620. 28 m.
N. N, E, Erfurt,
Alslead, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H, ; 38 m, W. of
Concord. Pop. 1,694.
Alston, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m, fr. Preston.
Pop. 609.
Alston, t N, C, near the sea, 20 m. W. Bruns
wick. Alswang, or Alswanger, castle and t, on the
Baltic, in Courland, Russia, 10 m. W, Goldingen,
Altabonita, bay on the N. E. coast Cuba,
Alia Gracia, city of S. America, cap. of Sata-
gos, in Granada ; also, t Buenos-Ayres, 20 m. S.
S. W. Cordova ; 3 settlements in Guiana ; oue in
Tucuman ; and one in Venezuela.
AUai, mountains in Asia, commence near the
sea of Aral and terminate on the Pacific ocean at
East cape, in lon, 170° W. They traverse about
5,000 miles under different names, the Kolhyvan-
Voskresentz, Korbolokinsk, Alaskaia, Oubinsk, or
Vobrosk, Buktarminsk, Teletsk, Tcharinsk, Kun-
etzk,jKrasnoyarsk. The highest part of the chain
is computed to be 10,730 feet above the level of
the sea. They contain iron, copper, and lead ore,
and gold and silver mines. Here was found an in
sulated mass of native iron of 1440 lbs, weight.
Altamaha. See Alatamaha.
Altamura, t. Naples, prov. of Bari, at the foot
of the Apennines. Pop, 15,000. 6 m. N. E. Gra-
vina. Altar, t Mexico, prov. of Sonora. The name also
of a lofty mountain of Quito.
Altara, t in Genoa, 5 m, N, Savona,
Aliavilla, t, Naples, in Principato Citra, 18 m.
S. E, Salerno ; another in principato Ultra, 7 ni,
S. Benevento, ,
Allburg, V.Germany, in Wirtemberg, Pop. 1,400.
Alt-Closter, t, Bremen, 12 m, S, E. Stade.
Alte-Fehr, t. in the island of^Rugen, 3 m. W. S.
W, Bergen.

36

ALT

Altena, a manufacturing t in the Prussian grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, on the Lenne and
Nette. Pop, 3,300. 30 m, N, E, Cologne.
Altena, a district in S. Holland, bet, the Maese
and Biesboch.
Altenau, a mining t of Hanover, in the Hartz,
9 m. fr, Goslar. Pop, 1,100,
Altenbechen, a parochial v, in the Prussian
grand duchy of the lower Rliine, 3, m, E. of Lepp-
spring. Near it is a productive iron mine,
Altenberg, t, in the mining country of Saxony,
18 m. S, of Dresden,
Allenbruck, or Oldenbrock, t, Hanover, 27 m, N.
W.of Stade. Pop, 2,600.
Allenburg, principality in Germany, which is
divided into two parts by the county of Gera, It
belongs to the house of Gotha, and is now parti
tioned between the branches of Gotha and Saal-
feld. The former possesses seven bailiwicks, in
which there are 616 square miles, and 96,000 in
habitants. The soil of this part is very produc
tive, the stock of cattle good, and the people in
dustrious and comfortable. The Saalfeld portion
consists ofthree bailiwicks, of 154 square miles,and
about 25,000 inhabitants. The states of the prin
cipaUty are composed of nobility, and of the depu
ties of the town of Allenburg, Saalfeld, and Eissen-
berg, Allenburg, cap. of the above principality, was
formerly a free town of the empire. Pop. 9,500
20 ra. S. Leipsic.
Allenburg, or Hungarian Altenbvrg, t. Hunga
ry, at the influx of the Leitha into the Danube. It
has an active trade in horned cattle and fruit. 17
m. Si of Presburg, 40 S. E. Vienna,
Allenburg, lordship, castle and viUage, with a
medicinal bath, on the Danube, in Lower Austria,
near the frontiers of Hungary.
Allenburg, market t, in Transylvania, on White
Korosch river,
Allenburg, market t. in Lower Austria, on the
confines of Moravia, 14 m fr. Crems.
Altenburn, t. Prussia in Oberland, 2 m. N, W.
Liebmuhl, AUendamlach, t. Germany, 5 m, N. N. W.
Schlewsingen. AUendorn, t of Westphalia, 37 m. E. Cologne.
Allenheim, t Baden, on the Rhine, Pop, 1,300.
Altenhofen, market t, in Carinthia, on the Met-
nitz, with a castle, 4 m, N, E, Veit,
Altenkirchen, t. Germany, in the Westervrald,
It was the scene of several obstinate conflicts be-
"tween the French and Austrians in 1796, 15 m,
N, N, E, Coblentz.
Altenkirchen, market t of Pomerania, near the
point of the peninsula,
Altenlandsberg, t. Prussia in Brandenburg. Pop.
910. Altenmarkt, or Altenwicht, a market t, in Up
per Bavaria, 26 m. N, W, Saltsburg,
Altenmarket, two market towns in the Austrian
dominions ; one near the Ens, in Styria, 14 m, N.
E. Rottenmann ; the other in Lower Austria, 4
ra. S. W, Baden,
Altenmunster, v. Bavaria, on the Zusam. Pop,
1,170, Alten-Ocitingen, market t. Upper Bavaria,
Pop. 1,400.
, Altensitlenback, v. Bavaria, formerly in the ter
ritory of the imperial city of Nuremberg,
Altenstadt, v, France, in Lower Alsace, 9 leagues
N, N. E. Strasburg, Pop. 1,000.
Altenit?dl., v. Wirtemberg. Pop. SOO,

ALT
Allensteig,. t. and lordship, with a castle, in
Lower Austria, 55 m. N. W. Vienna,
Allensteig, t Wirtemberg, on a rocky hiU in
the Black Forest, on Nagold river. Pop. 1,400.
Altentrop, t, in the Prussian province of the
Lower Rhine, 60 m, E, Dusseldorf.
Alter de Chaon, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 84 m.
E. N, E. Lisbon.
AUgebharlsdorf, v.in the S.E, of Upper Lusatia.
Pop, 2,680,
Althorp, harbor on the N. W. coast of King
George the Third's archipelago, between Point
Lucan and Point Lavinia. There are islands at
its entrance ; on each side of which is a spacious
navigable channel. Lon. 223° 55' E. Lat 88°
11' N.
Allikon, district, with a v. in the Swiss canton
of Zurich. Pop. 900,
Altin, Allay, or Teletsk, lake, Asiatic Russia, in
Kolhyvane, 84 ra, long, by 66 broad. The source
of the river Biya.
Altisried, t Bavaria, 6 m, fr. Kemptem. Pop.
1,750. Altkamitz, v. Silesia, circle of Hirschberg. Pop.
1,240. AUkirch, t. dep. of the Upper Rhine, in France,
on an eminence, 6 m. S. W. Muhlhausen. Pop.
1,626, Alllusllieim, v. Baden, on the Rliine, opposite
Spires. Pop, 920.
Altmark, adivisionof theMarkofBrandenbuig,
on the W. side of the Elbe. It contained 30 years
ago, an extent of 1,670 square miles, 13 towns, 6
royal bailiwicks, 27 manors, 494 viUages, 16,938
houses, and 98,305 inhabitants.
Altmark, t Prussia, in Little Pomerania, 9 m.
S. S. E, Marienburg. ¦•
Alto, San Andres deL 4 villages in S. America :
two in Quito, one in Brazil, and one in Peru.
Altobelo, isl. neae the N. coast of Hispaniola,
seen at a great distance. Lon. 71° 18' N. Lat 17°
38' W.
Altomonte, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra ; has
mines of gold, silver, iron, and salt, 10 m. S. W.
Cassano. Allomunster, t Bavaria, 20 m, N. W. Munich.
Pop. 750.
Alton, market t. Eng. Southamptonshire, 47 m.
W. S. W. London. Pop. 2,316.
Allon t Strafford co. N, H. on the S. end of
Lake Winnipiseogee, 22 m. N, E. Concord. Pop.
1,279. Alton, t. Madison co. Illinois, on the Mississippi,
3 m, above the moutli of the Missouri. Near it is
a coal mine. It is a new settlement, regularly
laid out, and is destined to become the commer
cial capital of the state.
Altona, or Altena, a large city, 2 m, W. Ham
burgh, on the Elbe, belonging to Denmark. Hou
ses 3,120. Pop, above 30,000, Lutherans, Calvin-
ists. Catholics, Anabaptists, aud Jevirs. The lat
ter pay yearly for toleration and protection 2000
ducats. They have a large synagogue. The
number of vessels is upwards of 100, which trade
in the ports of the Baltic and North seas and the
Mediterranean, and are employed in the fisheries
for herring, cod, whale, and seals. Here are
manufactures of velvet, silk stuffs, calico, stock
ings, leather, gloves, tobacco, vinegar, starch,
wax, and looking-glasses, with sugar refineries
and brandy. The principal public establishments
are an academy with 7 teachers, a library, a
house of correction, and an orphan-house!

A L V
AUorf, t. Switzerland) cap, of Uri, near the riv
er Reuss, surrounded with rising grounds and
beautiful gardens. Here the tyrant Geisler pro
ceeded to those indignities, which, through the
patriotism of WilUam TeU, laid the foundation of
the Swiss independence. Pop. 4,000. 20 m. S.
E. Lucern. Lon. 8° 27' E. Lat 46° 50' N,
Altorf, or Altdorf, t Bavaria, capital of a dist.
of the same name, in the circle of Rezat, former
ly in the territory of the imperial city of Nurem
berg. Pop. in 1803, 2,070, of whom 220 belonged
to the now suppressed university. The culture
of hops and brewing are important branches ofin-
dusti-y. 12 m. E. S. E. Nuremberg, 34 E, N, E,
Anspach. Lon, 1 1° 20' E. Lat. 49° 23' N,
Altorf, an upper bailiwick, parish, and market t
Suabia, in Wirtemberg, 6 m. N. E. Ravensburg.
Pop. 6,900.
Altorf. t. Hungary, 18 ra. N. Leutch.
AUorf, V. and castie in the grand duchy of Ba
den, near Ettenheim. Pop. 1,140, Christians and
Jews. Altorf, V. France, dep. Lower Rhine, 3 leagues
W. S. W. Strasburg. Pop. 721. .
Altrasen, v, in the Tyrol. Pop, 3,100.
Altreusch, a market t Moravia, in the circle of
Iglau, S. of Iglau,
Altringham, or Altrincham, t. Eng. Cheshire.
It has manufactories of yarn, worsted, and cotton,
an annual fair and a weekly market. Pop. 2,032.
179 m, fr. London.
Altschweiher, v. in the grand duchy of Baden.
Pop. 1,720,
Altsohl, mining t Hungary, in the lower circle
of the county ofSohl, ontiie r. Gran, Pop, 1,770,
There are 2 ch^ybeate springs in its suburbs. 88
m, E. N. E. Presburg.
Altsladt, t Wirtemberg, near Rotweil, Pop,
1,600. Altsladt. t. Moravia, Pop. 1,150.
Altsted, t Prussian grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 6 m. N. W. Aahaus.
Altun Kupri, or Altoun Kopri, the Golden
Bridge, t Asiatic Turkey, in Bagdad, on the N.
bank of the Little Zab, or Altun. Here is a Turk
ish garrison. Pop. 2,000, 210 m. fr, Bagdad, 90
S. E. Mosul. Lon, 43° 20' E. Lat 36° 46' N.
Altun-Su, r. Asia, flows into the Tigris, 10 m.
above Tecrit, in Kurdistan.
Altun-Tash, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 20 m.
N. W. Kutayeh.
Altura, V. Spain, in Valencia, 1 m. fr. Segorbe,
Pop. 1,510.
Altwarp, t on the Frische Haff, Pomerania, 7
m, E. Uckermunde,
Altwasser, v, Silesia, Pop. 560, 2 m, N. Wal-
denburg. Altwolfach, V, Baden. Pop. 1,350.
Altzenau, t Hesse, 5 m, S. E. Hanau, Pop,
500. Altzey, t Hesse-Darmstadt, on tiie Selsach.
Pop. 3,051. 23 m,N,W. Worms,
Alum-creek, Ohio, runs into the Big Walnut, 8
m. S, E. Columbus,
Alumpore, t Bengal, 20 ra, W. Midnapore.
Alunkar, district in the N. part of Afghanistan,
between 36° and 36° N.Lat
Alur, or Alvar, a district, N. W, part of Agraj
India, Alva, t Portugal, in Beira, 8 m. N, W. Lamego;
Alva, V. Scotland, Sterlingshire. Pop 909, 4
ra. N. Alloa.

AMA

37

Alva de Tormes, t Spain, in Leon. 12 ra, S, S, E.
Salamanca, Here is a palace of the duke of Alva,
in good preservation, and strangers are shewn the
chamber occupied by the duke. It was one of
lord WeUington's stations, in the campaign of
1812. '
Alvallada, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 16 m. N.
Purique. Alcanna, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 9 m. S, Vitto
ria. Alvano, t. Portug-uese Estremadura, Pop, 1,900.
Alvar, fort, Hind, and cap, of a distriot, 77
m. from Delhi. Lon. 76° 46'E, Lat, 27° 41' .V,
Alvarado, large r, of Mexico, in Vera Cruz, runs
into the gulf of Mexico, 36 m. S. S, E. Vera Cruz.
Alvarado, t, Mexico, near the mouth of the
above river, 39 ra, S, S, E, Vera Cruz,
Alvarcoil, t. Hindostan, in Tinnevelley, 70 m,
N. E, Cape Comorin. Lon. 78° 2' N. Lat, 8°
50' N,
./Scares, t Portuguese Estremadura. Pop, 1,500,
Alvayazer,t. Portuguese Estremadura, 13 m, N.
Thomar. Alvechureh, t. Eng. in Worcestershire, 5 m.
N. E Bromsgrove. Pop, 1,344,
Alved, t Sweden, E, Gothland. Lat. 58° 13' N.
Alvem.au, commune, Switzerland, in the €rrisons.
Near the village is a sulphureous bath,
Alvensleben, v, Prussia, in Magdeburg. Pop.
1,500. Alverca, t Portugal, on the Tagus, 6 m. N.
Lisbon. Pop, 1,200.
Alverd, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 60 m. S. S. W.
Fehrabad, Alverthorpe, t. Eng, Yorkshire, 1^ m, fr. Wake"
field. Pop. 3,756.
Alverton, t Eng. in Staffordshire, . Pop, 934. 3
m. fr, Cheadle.
Alvidona, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 9 m, N.
E. Cassano.
Al-ViUar, t. Spanish Estramadura, 9 m. fr.
Placensia. Here are the remains of the Roman
aqueduct, which 'conveyed the exceUent water of
this place to Caparra.
Alviso, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 10 m, E'
Capua. Alvito, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 18 m. S. S, E
Evora, Alvominha,. t. Portuguese Estremadurai 22 m
S, S. W, Leyria.
Alwen, T. Wales, runs into the Dee, 7 m. N. N
E. Bala.
Alyth, t. Scotiand, Perthshire. It has yam and
brown linen manufactures, and 9 annual fairs.
Pop. 1^563. 12 m, W. Foriar.
Akira, or Algecira, fortified t Spain, 20 m. S.
Valencia, on the Xucar. Pop. 10,000.
Alzon, t. France, dep. of the Gard. Pop. 900.
50 ra. W. Nismes.
Alsonne, t. France, on the Fresquel, dep. of the
Aude. 10 m. W. Carcassone. Pop. 1,510.
Am, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 25 m. S. Fehra
bad. Amaba, t Japan, 100 m, E, N, E, Meaco.
Amachetrum, t. Hind, iuMarawar, 30 ra. S. W.
Tanjore. A'Machura, r. S, America, in Cumana, runs N.
into the Orinoco, at its mouth,
Amacore, large r. S, America, in Guiana, which
runs from the Cordillera, E. into the Atlantic.
.^macuro, r. S. America, in Cumana; runs N.
into the Orinoco at its mouth, de NAvio. S. r

38

AMA

Amacusia, isl, Japan, near the Ximo. Lon.
129° 15' E, Lat, 31° 35' N.
Amada, t. Japan, 63 ra, N. Meaco.
Amadabas, t. Hind, in Doulatabad, 23 m. S. W.
Amednagur. Amadan. See "Hamadan.
Amadea, r. S. America, in Granada, joins the
Meta near its source.
Amadia, t. and fort, Asia, in Kurdistan, on a
lofty mountain. At its base is a plain covered
with villages ; from which there is an ascent, by
a narrow flight of steps cut out of the rock. It is a
place of trade. 72 m, N. Mosul.
Amaguana, t, S, America, 10 m, S. Quito,
Amaguana, r. S. America, in Quito, rises on
the W. decUvity of the Andes, and joins the Esme-
raldas near the village of St. Antonio.
Amaillon, v. France, dep. of Deux Sevres, 30
m. N, N. E. Niort.
Amaiuca, r. S, America, runs into the Amazon,
near the mouth of the river Napo,
Amalaeva, r. Siberia, runs into the Frozen
ocean, Lon, 128° 14' E. Lat 71° 10' N.
Amalagan, or Island of Conception, one of the
Ladrone islands, 3J ra. fr. Gugnan, Lon. 128°
14' E. Lat 18° 10' N.
AmaM, or Amalphi, t. Naples. Pop. 2,750. 10
m. S, W. Salerno.
Amambai, r. Paraguay, runs into the Parana,
opposite the isl. Salto.
Aman, district of Sumatra island, near the cen
tre. Amana, in Sac. Geog. part of Mount Lebanon.
Amance, t. France, dep. of the Upper Saone.
Pop, 900, 15 m. N, Vesoul ; another, 6 m, N,
Nancy, in the dep, of the Meurthe.
Amancouh, Amankoh, or Echkilge, fort, Persia,
in Khorassan, 16 m, S. Herat
Amanda, t Fairfield co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Lancas
ter, Pop, 836.
Amandaville, p-v. Elbert co, Georgia.
Amangasaeki, t, Japan, in Niphon island, 35 ra,
S, W, Meaco.
Amanguchi, t, Japan, cap, of Nangaro, and one
of the wealthiest towns of Japan. 215 m, S. W.
Meaco. Lon. 120° 34' E. Lat 34° N,
Amanibo, r. S. America, in Dutch Guiana, en
ters the Atlantic, Lat, 5° 67' N. ; also, a t, on
the coast between Paramaribo and Cayenne*
Amantea, t, Naples, on the coast of Calabria Ci
tra, at the mouth of the OUva. Pop, 2,700. 12
m, S. W. Cosenza.
Amanu, t Asia, 10 m, S, Mocaumpour.
Amanzirifden, t. Arabia, 440 ra. E, Mecca, 584
N. E. Mocha, Lon, 67° 30' E, Lat 20° 25' N;
Amaonos, t, S, America, in Quito, 20 m. N, E.
St. Joachim de Omaguas,
Amapalla, t, Mexico, in Nicaragua, on a point
of land running into the Pacific, 12 m. fr, San Mi
guel, Amapalla, large gulf on the W. coast of Ameri
ca, between Guatimala and Nicaragua ; nearly 60
m, in length, and from 9 to 30 in breadth ; also
called the Gulf of Fonseca, 100 ra, N, W, Leon,
Lon. 88° 56' W, Lat 13° 30' N,
Amapet, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 10 ra. S, W,
Trichinopoly, Amara, t. Arabian Irak, 110 ra, N, W, Bassora,
Amarante, t, Portugal, in Entire Douro e Minho,
on the Taraega, near its junction with the Douro,
Pop, 4000, 23 m. S, E, Braga, 30 E, N. E, Opor
to.

AMA
Amaratoor, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 12 m. E. N.
E. Nagamungalum.
Amarchetta, t Hind, in Golconda, 18 m, N. Ra-
chore. Amargos, isl, on the coast of ChiU, at the mouth
of the river Valdivia.
Amargoso,r. Brazil, enters the Atlantic between
point Tiburon and point Mello. Lat 6° S.
Amargura, or Gardner's isl, in the Pacific. It
has marks of volcanic eruptions. Lon. 175° 10'
W. Lat 17° 57' S.
Amaro, Juan, t, Brazil, in Todos Santos, near
the river Panuaca, Lon. 40° 14' W. Lat 13°
17' N. The other viUages of this name in S. Amer
ica EU"e inconsiderable.
Amaruco, r, S, America, runs N. into the Ori
noco, at its mouth. It is navigable for sfoops 10
or 12 miles,
Amarumaiit, a large r. Peru, rises in the Andes,
13° .30' S. lat and enters the Amazon, in 4° 36' S. lat
Amasa, t. Japan, in the island of Niphon, 8 m,
E. S. E. Jeddo.
Amasatrum, t Hind, on the coast of the Car
natic, 10 m. N. Tondy.
Amasia, t A. Turkey, in NatoUa, on the Kizil-
ermark, surrounded by mountains. The mosque
vrith its two lofty minarets are of hewn stone.
The baths is of hewn stone ; in front of them
are promenades under rows of trees. Water is
raised from the river in buckets fixed to the circum
ference of large wheels nearly 30 feet in diameter,
turned by the stream. The buckets empty them
selves into reservoirs, and the water is thence con
veyed in pipes to the baths and fountains. Wine,
resembUng sherry, is made here. It is the birth
place of the famous geographer Strabo. Pop.
60,000 or 70,000, chiefly Christians. 200 m. E.
Constantinople. Lon, 36° 12' E. Lat 40° 40' N.
Amasreh, or Amestros, t A. Turkey, in NatoUa,
on a point of land projecting into the Black sea,
150 m. E. N. E. Constantinople. Lou. 32° 24' E.
Lat 42° 20' N.
Amassia, t. on the S.E. coast of Timor. Lon.
125° 27' E. Lat 0° 18' S.
Amalhante, v. Cyprus, J m. fr. the S. shore, the
site of an ancient city. 3 m. E . Limasol.
Amatiques, gulf at the bottom of the bay of Hon-
durus. The Gulf of Dolce communicates through
it with the bay,
Amalo, t, Naples, in Calabria Citra, on Amato
river, 7 m. S. E, Nicastro.
Amatla-foa. See Toofoa.
Amazons, Maranon, or Orellarm, r. S. America,
the largest in the world, formed by the Tungura-
gua and the Ucayale. The Tunguragua issues
from the lake Lauricocha, in Peru, lat 10° 29' S.
The Ucayale is formed by tlie junction of the Apu-
rimac, and the Beni. It runs into the ocean un
der the equinoctial line, after a course of more
than 4000 miles. The moutli is about 180 miles
wide ; the tide water is distincUy felt at Obidos,
400 miles above. Among the rivers which fall in
to it from tlie N. are Santiago, Morona, Pastaza,
Tigre, Napo, Negro, Putumayo, Yupura, Yagua-
piri, Curupatuba, and Yari, and from the S. Gual-
laga, Ucayale, Cuchivara, Yahuari, Yutay, or
Yotau, Cayari, Madera, Topaios, Chingu, Guan-
apu, Muju. Its banks are clothed with immense
woods, which afford a haunt for tigers, bears, leop
ards, wild boars, and venomous reptiles. Its wa
ters swarm with alligators, some of them from 20
to 30 feet long. The turtles are most delicious

A M B

A M B

39

and numerous, and various in species and size. In
the neighbouring wpods are a variety of birds of
beautiful plumage, and innumerable apes. The
vegetable productions are cacao, cinnamon, va
nilla, pinfis, coffee, sugar canes, rice, maize, plan
tains, lemons, limes, oranges ; Edso wax, storax,
copal, aud other balsams, resins, and medicinal
plants ; precious woods ; such as cedar, red-wood,
holly-wood, pine, and other woods, and someof ex
treme hardness like ebony. In the freshets the
country for several hundred miles is laid under
water. Ambacko, t ou the E. coast ot Celebes, in Tello
bay. Lon. 121° 51' E. Lat. 2° 20' S.
.imbala, t Cochin, 20 m. N. E. Cranganoro.
Ambalah, t Hind, in the Delhi, belonging to the
Seiks. Ambanivoules, people in the interior of Ma
dagascar, at the foot of the Bamboo mountains.
They supply the inhabitants of the coast with pro
visions. Ambar, t Asia, in Karasm, 30 m. S. Urkonje.
Ambares, t. France, 4J m. fr. Bordeaux, dep.
of the Gironde.
Ambarpet, t. Hind, in Golconda, 7 m. E. Hydra
bad. Ambato, Assiento, de, cap. of a district of the
same name in S. America, on the banks of a large
river. In 1698 it was destroyed by an eruption of
the volcano of Cotopaxi. Itis in a fertile country
and has an extensive commerce. 54 m. fr, Quito.
Lon, 78° 25' E, Lat 1° 14' W.
Ambato, r. S. Amprica, in Quito, and runs with
a tremendous stream, and is passed by a strong
bridge braced with iron. It joins other rivers to
form the Patate.
Ambazac, t France, dep. of the Upper Vienne.
12 m. N, N, E. Limoges. Pop, 2,800.
Ambeer, ancient cap. of Jypore or Jyenaghur in
Hind, Lon. 76° 63' E. Lat 26° 48' N. .
Ambelachia, Ambeldkia, or Amphilochia, Grecian
v, in Thessaly, on the declivity of raount Ossa, and
on the right bank of the Peneus, between Larissa
and the .ffigean sea. The number of dye-houses
for Turkish red yarn is 24, and the yearly export
over land to Germany, 2500 bales (about 7500
cwt) of thread.
Ambeli, t. Hind, in Canara, 30 m, E, S, E. Man-
galore. Ambenay, t. France, on the right bank of the
RiUe, in the dep. of the Eure, 18 m. S. W. Ev-
reux. It has a considerable linen trade.
Amber, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y. 145 W. Albany.
Amber Bay, of Yucatan, in the bay of Hondu
ras. Lon. 88° 50' W. Lat 19° 42' N.
Amberg, t. Bavaria, in the circle of Regen and
the seat of the court of appeal, on the Vils. Pop.
9,000. Here are an academy and lyceum, a hos
pital, several religious houses, and a convent of
nuns, composed of ladies of noble families, who
maintain a pubUc school for young girls. Also, a
eastle, arsenal, government buildings, and for the
mint one of the finest buildings in Germany. It
has manufactures of fire arms, earthen ware, to
bacco, and iron, and a public repository for salt.
Pop. of the district, 13,339, exclusive of the town.
Amberg, Little. See Abenberg.
Ambergrease-Key, isl, in the bay of Honduras,
on the coast of Yucatan, Abounds withfresh wa
ter lakes ; is stocked with game, and produces
logwood, and other dye-woods, Lon. 88° 48'' W,
Lat. 18° 50' N,

Amberieu, or St. Germain d'Amberieux, t-
France, in the dep. of the Ain, Pop, 2,850, 20 nv
S, E. Bourg,
Ambert, t, France, on the Dore, dep. of the Puy-
de-Dorae, It contains manufactures of woollen
stuffs, needles, thimbles, playing cards, and tape.
ItspaperisthebestinFrance. Its exportbefore the
revolution was valued at 40,000/. Near here
are the granite mountains, which separate
Auvergne from Forez. Pop. 5,467, 27 ra, E, Is-
soire. Ambierte, t. France, in the Lyonnois. Pop.
2,000. Ambil, one of the Philippine islands. Produces
wax and hemp. On it is a volcano.
Amblauw, or Belaw, one of the Molucca islands.
6 m. S. Bouro. Lon. 127° 0' E. Lat 3° 56' S.
Ambleside, t Eng. Westmorelandshire.
Ambleteuse, t France, dep. of Pas de Calais, 4
m. S. Boulogne.
Amboah, t. Bengal, 3 m. S. Culna.
Amboilambs. See Ancove.
Amboisa, s-p. of Madagascar, in Antongil bay.
Lon. 50° 5' E, Lat 15° 30' S.
Ambaise, t France, at the confluence of the
Amasse and Loire, 15 m. E 'Tours, Pop. 5,660.
Ambon, t, FrEmce, dep, of the Morbihan, 9 ra,
S, E. Vannes.
Amboon, t and district, Hind, 30 m. W. Arcot,
108W,S. W.Madras.
Amboong, t. on the N, W. coast of Borneo. Lon.
116° 24' E. Lat 6° 16' N.^
Amboton, one of the Pliilippine islands. Lon.
121° 8' E. Lat 12° 15' N.
Amboul, or Emboul, v, cap, of Cayor, in W.
Africa, 70 m, N, E. Goree,
Ambournay, t. France, between Lyons and Ge
neva, 17 m. S, E. Bourg.
Amboy, or Perth Amboy, city, and p-t. Middle
sex CO. N. J. on a point of land, at the union of
Raritan river with Arthur KuU Sound, 35 in. S.
W. New York, 74 N. E. Philadelphia. It has one
of the best harbors on the continent. Pop. 815.
Shipping in 1816, 10,899 tons.
Amboyna, isl. in the Eastern Sea, the chief of the
Molucca or Spice islands, all the others being de
pendent on its jurisdiction. Itis between 50 and 60
miles in length. Pop, about 50,000. The clove
tree has been carefully cultivated here for centu
ries. The cloves are collected twice a year : the
average quantity produced in the island exceeds
650,000 pounds ; in some years it amounts to a
million. It is a Missionary station, the most re
mote of the stations in the Eastern Hemisphere ;
and cqBitains churches, a seminary for educating
Native Teachers to take charge of schools, and a
printing press. 3230 m, S, E. Calcutta, Lon,
128° 15' E, Lat 3° 40' S.
Amboyna, t and cap. of the above island, situ
ated in the peninsula of Letymor, on a bay whose
entrance is between two high and steep points,
about 6 miles asunder, and which penetrates
about 21 miles inland, gradually becoming nar
rower. At the site of the town it is two miles
across, with deep water. On the S. shore of the
bay, and in front of Amboyna, is Fort Vittoria,
mounting six pieces of cannon, and containing
several public offices. The town is regularly
built, in form of an oblong square, 300 rods long,
and 100 broad. Most of the houses consist of only
one story, on account of the frequent earthquakes,
Lon, 128° 15 E. Lat. 3° 40' S.

40

A M E

Ambozcs, three smaU islands near the mouths of
the river Camarones, on the coast of Benin, in
Africa. Lat, 4° 15' N,
Ambravetty, r. Hind, rises 8 ra. S, Coimbetoor,
and runs into the Cavery, 8 ra, E, N, E, Caroor.
Ambriercs, t. France, dep, of Mayenne. Pop.
2,230. 6 m. N. Mayenne,
Anibriz, r. of Congo, in Africa, which runs
into the Atlantic in lat 7° S.
Ambrosis, a cluster of islands, near the coast of
Darien, Lon, 77° 60' W. Lat. 8° 58' N.
Ambrym, isl. in the Pacific, one of the New He
brides. Lon. 168° 20' E Lat. 16° 16' S.
Amchitche, one of the Fox islands. Lon. 178°
14' E. Lat. 53° 22' N,
Amcod, t. Hind, 51 m, N. Surat,
Ameapah, t. Hind. 22 m. E. Tanjore.
Ameea,t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 40 m. S. W.
Guadalaxara. Amednagur, country. Hind, bounded N. by Can-
deish and Malwa, W. by the Balaghaut mountains,
S. by Bejapour, and E. by Berar.
Amednagur, city, cap. of the above, at the foot
of the Balaghaut mountains, 63 m. N. E. Poonah,
105 N. N. W. Bejapour. Lon. 74° 52' E. Lat.
17° 6' N,
Amedpour, t. Hind, in Orissa, 34 m. S, Cuttack.
Ameenabad, t. Hind, in Laliore. Lat 32° 10'
N. Lon. 73° E.
Am-Eis, t Germany, in Carinthia, on the
Drave, 5 m. W. S. W, of Lavamund,
Amelia, t'ltaly, in the States of the Church, 18
m. S. S. W, Spoleto. Lon. 12° 19' E, Lat, 42°
35' N.
Amelia, co. Va. Pop. 10,594. Slaves 7,186.
At the courthouse is a p-v. 58 m. S. W. Richmond.
Amelia, isl. in the AUantio, on the coast of E.
Florida., 7 leagues N. St. Augustine, at the mouth
of St Mary's river. Lat 30° 28' N. It is 13 miles
long, and 2 broad. Chief town, Fernandina.
Ameliasburg, t. Prince Edwards co. Upper Can
ada, on the bay of Quinti, S, W, Kingston.
Amendolaia, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 2 m.
W, Bova.
Amendolara, t, Naples, in Calabria Citra, 14 ra,
N. E. Cassano.
Amenia, p-t Dutchess co. N. Y. 24 m. N. E.
Poughkeepsie. Pop, 3,073, Here is a marble
quarry. Ameny, one of the Laccadive islands, in the In
dian ocean, Lon, 72° 30' E. Lat. 11° 37' N.
Amer, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m, W. Gerona.
Amerga, r. Siberia, flows into the Aldan, Lon.
136° WE, Lat 39° 25' N.
Ameria, t. Asiatic Turkey, in Natolia, 72 m. E.
Kutayeh. Lon, 32° 14' E, Lat 39° 25' N.
America, one of the four grand divisions of the
globe, bounded on the E. by the Atlantic, which
separates it from Europe and Africa, and on the
W, by the Pacific, which separates it from Asia.
Towards the N, its limits have not been discover
ed. Towards the S, it terminates in a point call
ed Cape Horn. It is more than 9000 miles long,
and on au average about 1500 broad, extending
frora lat 56° S. to beyond lat 70° N,'and from 55°
to 170° W. lon, and contains according to Hassel,
16,504,254 square mUes, The population is com
monly estimated at 35,000,000. America excels
the old world in the size and grandeur of its moun
tains, lakes, and rivers, A range of mountains
runs from N, to S, through the whole length of Uie
continent, a distance of more than 11,000 miles:
beginning at the southern extremity of the ooati-

A ME
nent, in lat, 54;° S, extending along the western
coast, and terminating, it is supposed, in lat, 70°
N. on the Frozen ocean, America excels the old
worldalso in the abundance of precious metals.
More than nine-tenths of all the silver in the
world comes from the mines of Spanish America,
In the course of three centuries it is estimated
Uiat they have yieldfed 316,000,000 lbs. of pure
silver. This continent is divided by the isthmus
of Darien, into North and South America,
North America comprehends, I. British Amer
ica : under which is included Nova Scotia, New-
Brunswick, Lower Canada, Upper Canada, and
the island of Newfoundland. II. The United
States. III. The Spanish provinces of Mexico
and Guatimala, There are two great ranges of
mountains in N, America, the western and tho
eastern, I'he western is part of the great Ameri
can range, and runs from S. to N. through Guati
mala, Mexico, the United States and British
America, The part of this range which is in
Mexico is caUed the Cordilleras of Mexico, and
the part N. of Mexico, the Rocky Mountains.
The eastern range is whoUy within the United
States, and iscalled the AUeghany range. The
principal lakes in N. America are Ontario, Erie,
Huron, Superior, Michigan, Winnipeg, and
Slave lake. The principal rivers are Mackenzie's,
Nelson's, the St Lawrence, the Mississippi, Red
river, Arkansaw, Missouri, Ohio, def Norte, Colo
rado, and Columbia.
South America comprehends, I. The Spanish
provinces of New Grenada, Venezuela, Peru,
Chili, and Buenos Ayres. II. Guiana, belonging
to tlie EngUsh, Dutch, French, Spaniards, and
Portuguese. III. Brazil, belonging to the Portu
guese. IV. Patagonia, belonging to the Aborigi
nes, The principal mountains are the Andes,
which run along the whole western coast, and are
a part of tbe great American range. The princi
pal rivers are the Amazon, La Plata, and Oronoco.
America, t. and cap, Alexander co. HUnois, on
the Ohio r. 7 m. from its junction with the Missis
sippi. It is elevated above the floods of the river,
and the navigation to this place is almost unob
structed. Amerongen, t Netherlands, 14 m. E. S. E.
Utrecht, Pop. 1,020.
Amerpore, t. Hind, on the N. W. side of Bay-
mutty river, 10 m. E. Mockwanpcre. Lon. 85°
28' E, Lat 27° 31' N.
Amerschia, or Amasia, desert of Arabia, in Hed
jas, N, of Yemen,
Amersfort, or Amersfoord, the second towu in
Utrecht, on the Eem, which is here navigable. Its
inhabitants are employed iu the tobacco trade,
raanufacture of dimities, bombazeens, and other
stuffs, and glass ; and carry on an active commerce
in corn. It has communication by canals wiUithe
principal towns in Holland. Pop. 8,584. 32 m.
S. S. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 6° 4' E. Lat 52° 12'
N. Amersham, or Agmondesham, t. and bor. Eng.
Buckinghamshire, Cotton, sacking, and lace, arc
its chief manufactures. Pop. 2,259. 26 m. N.
W. London.
Ames, t. Athens co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Athens.
Pop. 608,
Amesbury, or Ambresbury, t Eng, Wiltshire, on
the Avon, It is the birth place of Addison.
Stonehenge is 2 miles W. of this town. It consists
of 2 circles, and two ovals which are concentric.
The outer circle is of 97 feet diameter, and was

A M I
originally con^osed of 30 pillars,, 14 feet high, on
which were laid slabs 6 or 7 feet broad, and 3 or
4 thick ; 17 pUlars and 6 slabs now remain. The
interior circle was originally composed of 29 pil
lars ; 9 of wliich remain. Of the ovals witiiin the
circles, there remain two trilothons : stones placed
as the lintel of a door, which are 16 or 17 feet
high ; and a single piUar 22 feet 'high. Pop. 723.
6 ra. from -SaUsbury.
Amesbury, t. Essex co. Mass, on the N, side of
the Merrimack, 5 m, W. N, W, Newburyport,
Pop. 1,890.
Amginskaia, v, and fort, Russia, on the Arag-a,
104m.S. E.Yakutsk.
Amgong, t Hind, in Dowlatabad, 20 m. E. Ou-
dighir. Amhara, a general division of Abyssinia, cora-
prehending the provinces W. of the 'Tacazze.
Amiierst, t Cumberland co. Nova Scotia, on
Gh^necto bay, at the entrance of the rivers La
Planch, Napan and Macon.
Amherst, p-t. and half shire, Hillsborough co.
N. H, 30 m. S. Concord, 48 N. W. Boston, 60 W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,554,
Amherst, p-t Hampshire co. Mass. 8 ra. N. E,
Northampton, 85 W. Boston. Pop. 1,469. It has
a flourishing academy,
Amherst, co. Va. on James i. Pop. 10,548.
Slaves, 2,207. At the courthouse is a p-v. 130 m.
W, Richrnond.
Amherst springs, p-v, Amherst co. Va. 124 m, W,
Richmond. Amherstburg, or Maiden, t. and cap. Essex co.
Upper Canada, on Detroit r, 3 ra. above its en
trance into Lake Erie, and 14 below Detroit. It
has about 160 houses, and a good harbor with an
chorage in 34 fathoms.
Amianthus, v. Cyprus, near Pallandors. As
bestos is found near it. The Romans wrapt the
dead bodies of their emperors in cloth made of it,
and burnt them to preserve their ashes.
Amice, isl. off the E. coast of Africa, S. of Cape
Delgado. Lat, 10° 36' S.
Amiculdungama, t. Hind, in Mysore, 12 m, N.
W, Bangalore.
Amiens, Sformerly the chief town of Picardy,
and now the capital of the dep. of the Somme. It
is situated on the Somme, 14 leagues from the
sea. ' Pop. 40,000. Serge, and other woollen
stuffs, are manufactured in the town and neigh
bourhood. The definitive treaty of peace between
England and France, was signed here on 25th
March, 1802. 30 m. S. E. AbberiUe,
Aminadab, t Persia, in Kuzistan, 6 ra, N. Yez-
didkast ,
Aminaigpollam, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m,
W. Trichinopoly.
Aminsio, t. Sweden, iu Angermannland, 54 m.
N, Hornosand.
Amirabad, t Bengal, 14 ra. S. 'S. E. Islamabad.
Amirante Bay. See Almirante Bay.
Amissmlk, p-v. Culpepper co. Va, 86 m, W,
Washington. Amite, co, Mississippi, on Amite r. Chief t.
Liberty. Pop, 4,750.
Amite, r. Mississippi, runs into the Iberville 40
m, above its entrance into lake Maurepas. It
is navigable for boats nearly to its source.
Amitur, t. Hind, in Concan, 38 m. N. Gheriah,
Amity, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Amity, p-v. Washington co. Pa.
.^miii/, Berks CO. Pa. Pop, 1.090.

AMP

41

Amlali, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 28 _m, S.W-
Amednagur, Amlav, t. on E. coast of Panay, one of the
Philippine islands. Lon. 122° 35' E. Lat 11° 10' N.
Amliak, one of the Aleutian islands in the Pa
cific. Lon. 187° 14' E. Lat. 53° 30' N.
Amlwich, s-p. Wales, in N. E. corner of Angle
sey, which has arisen from the state of a poor fish
ing town, in consequence of the opening of cop
per raines in 1768. The town is inhabited alraost
exclusively by miners and persons connected with
the mines. Pop. 4,629. 18 m. frora Holyhead.
Ammah, in Sac, Geog, a hill near Gibeon.
Amman, t. Palestine, called Rabbah Amman in
Scripture, It was the capital of the Aramonites,
and when besieged and captured by Joab, Uriali
was killed here. In profane history its name was
Philadelphia. 62 m, N, E. Jerusalem.
Ammaro. t. Japan, in the island of Niphon, 40
m, S, W. Ofara,
Ammer, mountains in the S. part of Algiers,
Ammersee, lake, Bavaria, 18 m. S. W. Munich.
Ammerweyer, Ammcrweiler, or Ammeschweir, t.
France, dep. of Upper Rhine, 4 % N, W, Colmar,
Ammonoosuck, Lower, r. N, H, rises in the White
Mountains, near the sources of the Merrimack,
and runs W. into the Connecticut at Bath.
Ammonoosuck Upper, r. N. H, runs into the Con
necticut at Northumberland,
Amoas, v. Palestine, formerly named Emmaus,
find tiien Nicopolis. 'There are two other villages
in Palestine of the same name, one near lake Ti
berias, another supposed to be raentioned by St.
Luke, Amoas is often mistaken for the castle of
Emmaus, whither Christ went after his resurrec
tion, 22 m. from Jerusalem,
Amoeneburg, t Upper Hesse. Pop, 1,050, 4 ra.
N, N. E. Mentz.
Amoerang, t on N, W. coast of Celebes. Lon.
124° 12' E, Lat, 0° 55' N.
Amol, Amul, or Amu, city, in Great Bukharia,
on the left bank of the Jihon, tiiere called Araol,
150 m, W. Samarcand, 300 N. Herat. Lon. 60°
40' E, Lat, 39° 30' N.
Amol. See Amul. .
Amond, r. Wales, falls into the Loughen.
Amora, t Arabian Irak, on the Tigris, 120 m, S.
E, Bagdad.
Amorbach, or Amerbach, t. Germany, 20 m. N.
E, Heidelberg. Pop, 1,500.
Amorgo, isl, in the Greek Archipelago. Lon.
25°50'E. Lat 36° 53' N.
Amorgo Poulo, isl. in the Archipelago, 6 m. W.
Amorgo. Lon. 25° 44' W. Lat 36° 45' N.
Armaria, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the Saka-
ria, 50 m. S, W. Angora.
Amoskeag falls, in the Merriraac, 15, ra. below
Concord, around which a canal is dug. The de
scent is 48 feet 3 inches in the course of half a
mile, Amatape, v. Peru, between Tumbez and Piura.
Lon. 80° 42' W. Lat. 4° 50' S.
Amoul, t Hind, in Coimbetoor, 18 m. N. Dara-
porum. Anrumlee, t. Hind, in the Dooab,
Amaura, v. in Algiers, 160 m, S, of the city of
Algiers. Amxyy, r. runs into the Hiwassee, a S. branch of
Tennessee r,
Amoyambo, t S, America, in Tucuman.
Ampazita, t. Eu, Turkey, in Bessarabia, 35 m.
E. N, E, Galatz,

42

A M S

Ampfing, V, on the Iser, in Bavaria, 15 m. S.
Dingelfingen. Amphila Bay, in the Red sea, on the coast of
Abyssinia, Amphilochia. See Ambelachia.
Amphipolis, in Sac, Geog, city of Macedonia,
on the confines of Thrace, and nearly surrounded
by the river Strymon,
Amplepuis, t. France, dep. of the Rhone, 12 ra.
E. S, E. Roanne, Pop, 3,300.
Ampthill, t. Eng. Bedfordshire. Pop, X,^!. 12
m. N. Dunstable.
Amptitz, or Amptlitz, t. in Lower Lusatia, 5 m.
S. Guben,
Ampurias, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 58 m. N. E.
Barcelona. Pop, 2,200,
Amra, t. Hind, in Behar, 12 m. E. Noony.
Amra, r. Sweden, rises in Jaratland, and joins
the Ragunda, 17 m, E. Stugun.
Amran, t. Arabia, 20 m. N. W, Sana,
Amran, t. Hind, in Gujerat, Lon. 70° 35' E.
Lat. 22° 35' N,
Amretsir (the Pool of Immortality), t Hiind. in
Lahore, the chief place of religious worship of the
Seik nation. It is on the high road between Ca
bul and Delhi, Cashmere and the Dekkan, and is
a great emporium of trade.
Amschelberg, t. Bohemia, 24 m. S. Prague. Lon,
14°2'8"E, Lat 40° 42' N.
Amsoing, v, in Luxemburg,
Amstel, r, Holland, runs through the city of
Amsterdam, and discharges itself into the arm of
Zuyder Zee called the Wye.
Amstelveeti, v, Holland, 6 m, S. Amsterdam.
Amsterdam, the largest, richest, and raost popu
lous city in the Netherlands, is on the arm of Zuy
der Zee caUed the Y or Wye, In former ages it
was a simple village, meanly built, and inhabited
by fishermen. It was encompassed with waUs and
other fortifications in 1482, and by successive ac
cessions in size and population (particularly in the
years 1686, 1599, 1612, and 1658), became in the
l7th century, one of the first trading cities of Eu
rope. One great cause of its rapid progress was
the decay of Antwerp. The river Amstel divides
it into the Old or Eastern and the New or West
ern Towns. From the marshy nature of the soil,
it has been necessary to build alraost the whole
city on oaken piles driven into the ground. It is
intersected throughout by canals, which cut each
other in a thousand different ways. Several
streets are lined with trees, and form agreeable
promenades. On the land side it is defended by a
wall and regular bastions, with a broad and deep
ditch ; and by means of the sluices the whole ad
joining countrjr can be laid under water. To
wards the sea it is provided with no fortifications ;
but the entrance to the harbor is guarded by two
vows of piles, with openings for the admission of
vessels, which are shut at night, • The stadthouse
stands on a foundation of 13,659 piles, in an open
square in the centre of the citj'. It is built of
freestone, (except the ground floor, which is
brick,) is 282 feet long, 236 broad, and, without
reckoning the tower, 116 high. Its interior is
adorned with marble, jasper, statues, paintings,
and other costly ornaments. Among the other edi
fices, arc the magnificent East and West India
houses, exchange, bank, admiralty, three weigh-
houscs, corn-exchange, and tower. In the old
church is a chapel, with windows of painted glass.
The new church contains the tombs of De Ruyter,
Centink, and Vonde). The Jews possess splendid

' A m\J
synagogues. The principal public establishments
are the arsenals and dock-yards, the academy,
grammar school, anatomical and surgical coUege,
the work-house, house of correction or rasp-huis,
orphan-house, hospital for old men, estabUshment
for widows, lazaretto, lunatic asylum, the botanic
garden, &;c. The exchange, so long famous in
the mercantile world, is a plain but stately fabric
of freestone, covered with tiles, and is in length
230 feet, and in breadth 130, It is fitted to con
tain about 4,500 persons, and is daily resorted to
after midday by all concerned in exchange or oth
er mercantile business. In fonner days it was
not uncommon to see 100 vessels enter the port
with the same tide, and there commonly lay to
gether in the harbor 600 vessels and upwards. The
objects oi this commerce were grain, wine, groce
ries, spiceries, dye-stuffs, fish, Virginian and Bra
zil tobacco, all Baltic merchandise, cotton, and
other productions from the Levant and Barbary;
the products of Italy, Spain, France, and the
north of Europe; gold, sUver, jeweUery, and aU
kinds of colonial produce. In the tovra and ad
joining country are manufactured all sorts of stuffs,
damasks, galoon lace, velvet, woollen cloths, car
pets, and leather; there are also refineries of su
gar, borax, camphire, cinnabar, sulphur, &c.
lis commerce declined during the 20 years that
preceded tiie general pacification of 1814. The
immediate causes were the war with England in
1780, the interior troubles in 1787, and above all,
the occupation of the country by the French, the
consequent war with England, and loss of the
Dutch colonies. It is doubtful if this city will
ever regain its former population and opulence,
now that the Scheldt is open, and Antwerp in the
enjoyment of that good government and wise reg
ulations which formerly were found only in Hol
land, The population in 1786 was 230,000, but
in 1812 below 200,000, It is 5 m, W. of the Zuy
der Zee, 65 N. Antwerp, and 240 N. by E, Paris.
Lon, 4° 40' E, Lat, .52° 25' N.
Amsterdam, p-t. Montgomery co, N, Y. on Mo
hawk r, 30 m, W. Albany. Pop. 3,039.
Ainsterdam,isl. near N. W. coastof Ceylon. Lat
9° 50' N,
Amsterdam Island, in tlie S. Pacific oceEm. It
is 11 miles in circuit, 700 feet high, and has a very
fertile soil. The interior of the island is inacessi-
ble except by an entrance on the east The whole
is of volcanic formation. Seals resort to the shore
in droves of 800 or 1000, and their capture has
been followed as a profitable adventure. Lon.
76° 54' E. Lat 37° 47' S.
Amsterdam, J^eir, the seat of government of
Berbice, in Guiana, is situated between the rivers
Berbice and Canje, near their confluence, 52 m.
S, S. E. Stabrook. Lon. 57° 15' W. Lat 6° 20' N.
Amstoss, V. Switzerland, canton of Appenzel,
with a chapel erected in memory of the overthrow
of Frederick of Austria by the Swiss in 1405, 4 m,
S. W. Rheineck.
Amstotten, v. Austria; where the Austrians and
Russians were defeated by the French in 1805. 8
m. S. W. Ips.
Amtshitka, one of the Aleutian islands, about 60
miles long.
AmtsseU, t. Wirtemberg, district of the lake of
Constance, 8 m. E. Ravensburg. Pop. 2,130.
Amuchta, one of the Aleutian islands, with a
volcano. Amul, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on tlie Arasbei,
here crossed by a stone bridge. Here are the re-.

ANA
mains of a castie with thick brick walls ; a large
palace in the suburbs, of two stories ; and three
sepulchral towers : fire temples of the ancient Gu
ebres. Pop. 800, who subsist by the culture of
rice and cotton, and by the iron forges auid cannon
founderies in the neighbourhood. 120 m. E. N.
E. Casbin, Lon, 62° 15' E. Lat. 36° 40' N.
Amvlrie^ v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 66 m. from
Edinburgh, Amur, r. Asia, rising in Chinese Tartary, in the
Kontaihan momitains, in 49° N. lat and 109° E.
lon, and floviringinto the sea of Okhotsk, in about
53° N. lat. opposite Saghalin. It is forraed by the
Confluence of the Argun and Schilksi. Schilka is
formed by Uie union of the Onon and Ingoda. It
if called Schilka by the Tungoose; Saghfdin Oula,
signifying the Black Mountain river, by the Tar
tars ; and Ghelon Kiaugh, or the Dragon river,
by the Clunese. The Chinese keep a guard of
armed boats at its mouth, and are jealous of the
preservation of it.
Am'usco, t. Spain, in Leon, 10 m. N. Palencia.
Amuturi, r. S. America, in Granada, joins the
Cazanare, and enters the Orinoco on the N. side.
Amwell, V. Eng, in Hertfordshire. Here is
the source of the canal caUed New River, design
ed to supply London with water, 21 ra. N. Lon
don, 1 S. W. Ware.
Amwell, p-t, Hunterdon co, N, J. 16 ra. N. Tren
ton. Pop. 5,777,
Amwell, t Washington co. Pa. S. W. Pittsburg.
Pop. 1,673.
Ana, t Sweden, in Savolax, 80 m. N. N. E,
Nyslot Ana, or Andh, t in the Arabian Irak, or pacha
lic of Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Euphrates,
Pop. 3,000. 260 m, E, Damascus, 220 S. E. Alep
po. Lon. 41° 15' E. Lat 34° N,
Anab, in Sac. Geog. t in the hill country of Ju
dah, S, of Jerusalem.
Ana Capri, t. on the NeapoUtan island of Capri.
It stands in the middle of the island, nearly 2000
feet above the level of the sea. The ascent to
the town is by a staircase of 552 steps. See
Capri. Anacur, or J^uachir, t, Syria, 6 m, N. Acre.
Anadyr, r. Siberia, falls into the sea of Anadyr
in 64° 30' N, lat 176° 30' E, lon,
Anadyrskoi, fort, Siberia, on Uie Anadyr. Lon.
165° 14' E. Lat 66° 9' N.
Anagni, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
28 m. S, E, Rome.
Anahuac, Indian name of New Spain.
Anaia-tuba, t. Brazil, in Para, on the N. side of
Marajo isl, 20 m. E. Parana. Lat 0° 12' S.
Anaklea, t. Abasia, at the efflux of Enguri river
into the Black sea.
Andkopia, t. Abasia, on the Black sea, 40 m, W.
Isnagur. ¦ Lon. 39° 45' E, Lat 43° 30' N.
Andk-Sungei, district, on the S. W, coast of Su
matra. Its capital is Moco Moco.
Armmdboe. See Annamaboe.
Anambas, islands in the Chinese sea. Lon, 105°
56' E. Lat, 3° N. divided into Great, Little, and
South. Anamooka. See Annamooka.
Anamsagur, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 20 m. W.
Moodgul. Lon. 76° 32' E, Lat, 16° 17' N,
Anana, t. Spain, in Biscay, 16 m, S. S. W, Or-
duua.* Ananes, 3 islands iu the Grecian archipelago, 3
leagues S. W. Milo isl.

A N C

43

Aiwnpour, t. Hind, in Bednore, 20 ni. S,, E
Bednore, 120 N, W. Seringapatam.
Anantapooram, t. Hind, iu ^^¦andicolta, 63 m.
N, E. Cuddapah. Lon, 78° 6' E. Lat. 14° 41' N.
Anantapour, t. Hind. 13 m. E. Cuddapah.
Anantasagarun, t. Hind, in Golconda, 10 ni. N,
W, Waremgolo.
Anantasapilly, t. Hind. 18 m. W. Rajamundry.
Anantoor, t. Hind, in Barramaul, 12 m. N. W.
Darempoory. Anantpour, t Hind, in the Mysore, 85 m. N, E.
Chittledroog, 140 N, N, E, Seringapatam,
Aruinuri, t and fort, Georgia, in Sseristo, Oil
the Arkala, 40 m. N. N, W. Teflis.
Anapa, or Anapea, t. Circassia, on Sundjik bay,
in the Black sea, 70 m. E. S. E, 'Theodosia, Lon,
37° 10' E. Lat. 44° 40' N.
Anapapoqly, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, 22 m, N,
W. Dajraporum.
Anappes, t. France, on the Margue, dep, of the
North, 2 leagues from LiUe. Pop, 2,000,
Anarghia, v, Mingrelia, 2 m, fr, the Black sea,
9 fr. Cotatis, and on the site of ancient Heraclea,
Lon, 41° 46' E, Lat 42° 40' N,
Anarodgurra, t. Ceylon, 65 ra. N. Candy.
Anatolia. See Natolia.
Anattom, the most southern island of tlie New
Hebrides. Anaurai-Pucu, r. Portuguese Guiana, falls into
the Amazon. '
Anazarba. See Anzarba.
Anbar, t. of the Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates,
35 m. W. Bagdad.
Anbar, t. Great Bukharia, 70 ra. S, S, W, Bulkh.
Lat 36° N.
Anbord, t. Persia, iu Khorasan, 150 m. N. E.
Mesched. Anca, Point, on the coast of Chili, at the en
trance of the river Valdiy^ia.
Ancaon, t. Portugal, in Beira, 5 m. S. E, Coim-
bra. Ancarano, t, of the popedom, in Ancona, on the
Tronto, 6 ra, S. Ascoli,
Ancaster, v. Eng, in Lincolnshire, the Roman
Crocolana. 8 m. fr, Grantham,
Ancaster, t. Lincoln co. Up, Canada, S, W.
York, Ancaye, territory of Madagascar, on the E,
coast. It abounds in cattle,
Ance, orAnse, t. France, on the Saone, in the
dep, of the Rhone, 44 leagues N. Lyons. Pop.
1,640, Anceaume. See Bourbon I'Ancy.
Ance, Grand, t. island of Martinique, on the N.
coast% Ance, Grand, Bay, island of San Christobal ; al
so the name of three bays in the Island of Guada
loupe, Ance, Petite, t. island of St, Domingo, 5 m, S.
Cape St, Francois,
Ancenis, t. on the coast of France, dep. of the
Lower Loire. Its trade is in wood, corn, and
wine, 8 leagues N. E. Nantes. Pop, 3,295.
Ancerville, t. Frsuice, dep. of the Meuse, 4
leagues S. W, Bar. Pop, 2,200,
Ancercille, v, France, dep, of the Moselle, 4
leagues S, E, Metz,
Ancha, t, Georgia, in Saltabaso, 68 m, S. W
Aghalzighe. Anchediva. See Angediva.
Anchitty, or Anchittydurgam, En^ishfort, Hind.
in the Mysore, 25 lit. fr- Coreriporam.

44

A N C

Ancholme, r. Eng. flows into the Humber.
Anchor Island, near the S. entrance of Dusky
bay. New Zealand. Lon. 166° 16' E. Lat. 45°
46' N.
Anchorites, islands off the N. coast of New
Guinea. Lon, 145° 16' E, Lat. 0° 45' S.
Anchor Point, N. W. coast of America, on the
E. side of Cook's inlet Lon. 208° 48' E. Lat
59° 39' N.
Anciaons, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, 10
m. W. Torre de Moncorvo.
Aneigne, v, France, dep, of the Deux-Sevrea,
7 leagues S. S. E. Niort
Ancinale, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, ,7 m. S,
S. E, SquiUace.
Ancisa de Moncorvo, t. in Tuscany, near the
Arno, 10 m, S. E. Florence.
Anekerholtz, t. Prussia, in Poraerelia, 30 m. W.
N. W. Dantzic.
Anckun, t Germany, adjoining Zerbst.
Ancliffe, hanilpt, Eng, Lancashire. Here is a
well, the vapoui* of which will take fire and burn
like spirits, the flame continuing a whole day in
cajpi weather. 2 m. fr. Wigan.
Anelin, t A. Turkey, in Natolia, 4 m. fr. Palatia.
Anclote Point, California, lies in lon. 115° 11'
W. lat 29° 17' N.
Anco, t Peru, in Huamanga, Lat, 13° 14' S.
Ancober, or Ankobra, i. Gold Coast of Africa,
runs between Ahantah and ApoUonia, into the
sea, Ancocus Creek, N. J, falls into the Delaware, 6
m, S. W, Burlington, It is navigable 16 railes.
Ancon, el, t Peru, on the coeist, 20 ra, N, Lima.
Aircon, gulf, S. America, in Quito. Lat 1°
25' N.
Ancon, Cape, the N. point of Chiloe isl, in the
Pacific. Lon, 80° W. Lat. 42° S.
Ancona, La Marca d', province of Italy, in the
Ecclesiastical state, lying between the Appennines
and the Adriatic sea, has the Marca di Fermo S,
and the duchy of Urbino N. It forms part of the
Papal province of La Marca, which comprises
besides it the Marca di Fermo, Urbino, and Fano.
'The capital is Macerata,
Ancona, t, in the above province, on a point of
land projecting into the gulf of Venice, On one
of the moles in the harbor, is a triumphal arch
erected in honour of Trajan, It was declared a
free port in 1732, and became a rival of Venice,
The principal branches of its commerce are those
connected with agency and commission. Goods
from the north of Europe, are here exclianged for
the productions of Germany, [taly, Hungary,
Bosnia, and Turkey. The exports are grain,
wool, skins, silk, sail-cloth, ship-biscuits, soap,
alum, sulphur, and the fruits of the south. The
imports are, from England, tin, lead, herrings, and
camblets; from Holland, various raw materials,
sugar, cocoa, coffee, spites, and cloth ; from Rus
sia, leather ; from Sweden, tar ; from Bosnia and
Turkey, cotton ; and from Germany, iron. Here
is a sugar refinery, a manufactory of white paint
and lead, and a soap-work. Pop. 20,000. 116 m,
N, by E, Rome, Lon, 13° 35' E. Lat, 43° 36' N,
Ancona, r. S. part of Abyssinia, falls into the
Planazo. Ancora, isl. on the coast of Brazil, in Rio Ja
neiro, Ancoraymes, t, Peru, in Omasuyos, on Oie E,
shore of lake 'Titicaca, 70 ni. N. N, W, La Paz.
Ancove, central district of Madagascar, E, of
the mountains. The inhabitants breed silk wor m?.

AND
cultivate cotton, and work mines of iron; and
deal largely in the slave trade. Pop. 25,000.
Ancram, t. Columbia co. N, Y. on Ancram creek.
Here are extensive iron works. The ore is sup
plied chiefly from Salisbury, Connecticut.
Ancre, Encre, or Albert, t. France, dep. of the
Somme, Pop. 1,940. Here are presses for calico
and carpets, linen bleachfields, and a saltpetre
work, 5 leagues E. N. E. Amiens,
Ancrum, v. Scotland, Roxburgh co. on the Te-
viot A battle was fought here iu 1644 between
the Scots and EngUsh. Pop, 300. 3 m. fr, Jed
burgh, 45 S. E. Edinburgh.
Ancy-h-Duc, t, France, dep, of the Saone and
Loire, 1 league N, Marcigny.
Ancy-te-Franc, t. France, dep. of the Yonne.
Pop. 1,240. 10 leagues E, Auxerre,
Ancy-le-Serveux, t France, dep. of the Yonne,
Ii league fr. Tonnere,
Aney-sur-Moselk, t. France, dep. of the Mo-
seUe, 24 leagues S. W. Metz.
AndacoUo, t ChiU, in Coquimbo, the seat of the
gold raines in the district
Andahuailas, -province, Peru, bordering on the
Andes, 24 leagues long, and 15 wide. It produ
ces, wheat, maize, and fruits, and annually be
tween 750,000 and 1,000,000 lbs. sugar. Pop.
12,000. Andalause, s-p, Algiers, 15 m. W. Oran.
Andalusia, or Vandalusia, province, Spain, com
prehending Seville, Cordova, Jaen, and Granada.
It is on the Mediterranean and the Atlantic at the
Straits of Gibraltar. - The principal rivers are the
Guadalquiver, navigable for large vessels to Se
ville, and the Guadiana, which separates it from
Portu^. Its products are cattle, wool, oil, com,
honey, silk, sugar, and wine. The mines yield
quicksilver, cinnahar and antimony. Pop. in
1787,738,163, Chief towns, Cadiz and SeviUe:
Aivlalusia, New. See Guiana.
Andalusia, p-v. Bucks co. Pa.
Andaman, t Fezzan, in Africa, 166 m. E. Monc-
zouk. Andaman, Great, and Littk, Islands, on the E.
side of the bay of Bengal, The length of the
Great Andaman is 150 m, its breadth from 18to 30.
Little Andaman, 30 miles S. is 28 m. long, and
17 broad. Here are the banyan tree, the alinond
tree, the oil tree, tall and affording oil, which is
extracted by filling an excavation of the trunk
with fire, the vine tree of extreme hardness ; a-
bundanceof fine shells, moUuscas, and fish. Pop.
about 2,500. Lon. 92° E. Lat 10° 32' 14 " N.
Andamas, t Persia, in Kuzistan, 130 m. W. Is
pahan, Andance, t. France, dep, of the Ardeche. Pop,
860. 7 leagues S. Vienne,
Andaye, t France, in the Lower Pyrenees, 2i
leagues S. St Jean de Luz,
Andechud, t. Bulkh, ou the Jihon, 60 m, S. S.
W. Bulkh.
Andeer, t Switzerland, in Uie Grisons, 8 m. Si,
S, W. Tusis.
Andegan, or Ferganah, t in Turkestan, capital
of Uie district of Ferganah, 210 m. N. N. E. Sa
marcand, Lon, 67° 30' E, Lat. 42° 18" N.
Andel/ingen, t Switzerland, in the canton of
Zurich, on the Thur, 17 m, N. N. E. Zurich.
Pop, 2,000.
Andelis, t. Normandy, properly consisting of
two, viz, the Great and Littie AndeU, iu the Eure,
Pop. 5,256, 8 leagues S. E. RoUeu.

AND

AND

45

AiideUy, i . France, falls into the Seine 9 m.
above Rouen,
Andelspach, r. Germany, runs into the Danube
near Scheer,
Anderab, t Usbeck Tartary, 130 m, from Bulkh.
Lon. 68° 40' E. Lat 36° 3' N.
Anderlecht, t. Netherlands, 3 m. S. W, Brussels,
Andermatt. See Urseren.
Andemack, t on the Rhine, in the grand duchy
of the Lower Rhine, 6 m. N. W. Coblentz, 25 S.
S. E. Cologne, Pop. 2,020.
A'ndero, isl. gulf of Mexico, S, S, E, Cape Gra
des a Dios, Lat, 12° 30' N,
Anderson, co. East-Tennessee, on Clinch r. N.
W. KnoxviUe, Chief t, CUnton, Pop. 3,959.
Slaves, 260.
Anderson,t. Hamilton co, Ohio, Pop, 1,358,
Anderson's Island, on the N, W, coast of Amer
ica. Lon, 167° 40' W. Lat 63° 10' N,
Anderson' s-store, p-v, Caswell co. N. C. 66 m.
N. W. Raleigh.
Anderson's r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio below
Troy. AndersonviUe, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C.
Andes, called by the Spaniards CordiUera de
los Andes, an immense chaun of mountains which,
under various names, runs through the whole
continent of America. They commence near the
straits of MageUan in lat 54° S. and passing along
the coast of the Pacific ocean, through Patagonia,
Chili, Peru, and New Granada, cross the isthmus
of Darien into North America, where still pursu
ing a northerly course, they pass through Guati
mala, New Spain, the United States, and Baitish
America, and terminate, it is supposed, on the Fro
zen oceafi, in lat 70° N. In Chili they are about
120 miles in breadth. Various , branches di
verge from the main chain, in La Paz, Potosi,
and Tucuman, to the E. connecting the Andes of
Peru and Chili with the ri^es of Brazil. In Pe
ru the Andes are divided into three ridges, and
about the 6th° of S. lat are united into a single
chain. They again divide, on entering Quito,
into two chains, and farther N. from 2° to 5" N.
lat. into three. The E. ridge divides the valley
of the river Magdalena from the plains of Rio
Meta. The central chain, which divides the wa
ters of the Rio Magdalena from those of Rio Cau
ca, often attains the limits of perpetuzd snow.
The W. separates the valley of Cauca from the
coast of the Pacific ocean. Its highest elevation
is scarcely 6000 feet, and it sinks so low in its
progress N. that its course can scarcely be traced
into the isthmus of Darien. The three chains
are blended together in the 6th and 7th d^ees of
N. lat. After passing the isthmus of Darien, th6
Andes in Mexico are spread into vast plains, from
6000 to 8000 feet above the level of the sea, from
which insulated mountains, with volcanic sum
mits, covered with perpetual snow, rise to the
height of 16,000, 16,000, and 17,000 feet. Seve
ral of the most elevated peaks of the Andes have
been scaled, and their heights accurately measur
ed by Humboldt and M. Bonpland. According to
the observations of these travellers, who ascended
to the height of 19,300 feet, Chimborazorose2,140
feet higher, making its total height to be 21,440
feet above the level of the sea. The volcano of
Antisaua was found to be 19,150 feet high, and
that of Cotopaxi only 260 feet lower. The Andes
in the tropical regions, fr,om their elevation, com
prehend within a "short space, every -variety of
temperature, and of the vegetable tribes. On

the declivity, from about 3000 to 5000 feet above
the level of the sea, there reigns perpetuaUy a
soft spring temperature, which never varies more
than 7° or 9° of Fahrenheit. The limit of per
petual congelation under the equator has been
fixed, by Humboldt, at 15,700 feet, and at 15,000
feet in the latitude of 20°. Between the tropics,
from the level of the sea to the height of from
3000 to 6000 feet, cassava, cacao, maize, plantains,
indigo, sugar, cotton, and coffee, are cultivated.
Between the altitudes of 6000 and 900O feet Uee
the climate best suited for. Uie culture of all kinds
of European grain. Beyond the limit of 9000
feet large trees begin to disappear. The grasses
clothe the ground at an elevation of from 13,560
to 15,100 feet, and from Uiis to tlie regions of ice
and snow, the only plant is the lichen, which cov
ers the rocks, and seeras even to penetrate under
the snow. The name Andes, is commonly applied
only to that part of the chain which is in South
America. The part in Mexico is called the Cor
dilleras of Mexico, and the part N. of Mexico the
Rocky Mountains.
Andesage, t France, dep. of the Lot and Ga
ronne, 10 ra. N. E. Agen.
Andezeion, or Dederzeion, t. in Galicia, 52 m.
S. S. W. Cracow.
Andgeh-Buru, cape on the N. coast of Natolia,
in the Black sea. Lon. 35° 22' E. Lat. 41° 27' N.
Andian,t. Great Bukharia, 15 m. N. Vashgerd,
Andicoita, t. Hind, in Malabar, 38 m, S, S, E.
Calicut Lat 10° 54' N.
Andigiara, t Great Bukharia, 120 m. W. Ba-
dakshan. Andijaun. See Andegan.
Andijero, t Persia, on the Persian gulf. Lon,
57° 12' E, Lat 28° 28' N,
AndiUa, t, Spain, 12 leagues fr, Valencia,
Andlau, t, France, in the Lower Rtiine, 18 m.
S. S. W. Strasburg. Lon, 7° 30' E, Lat. 48° 24'
N. Pop, 2,184.
Ando, isl. in the North sea, near the coast of
.Lapland. Lat 68° 24' N.
Andony, r. W. Africa, faUs into the Atlantic in
lat. 4° 30' N.
Andora, t Genoa, 2 ra. N. E. Oneglia.
Andorno, t. Piedmont, 26 m. N, W. Vercelli,
15 N, N. E. Ivrea.
Andorre, t Spain, in Catalonia, 9 m. N. Urgel.
Andover, t. England, in Hants, 18 m. E. N. E.
Salisbury, 63 W. London. Pop. 3,295.
Andover, p-t, Hillsborough co. N. H, on the Mer
rimack 18 m. N. W. Concord. Pop, 1,259.
Andover, t. Windsor co. Vt. 20 m. S. W. Wind
sor. Jop. 957.
Andover, p-t. Essex co. Mass, 20 m. N, Boston ;
16 W, N, W. Salem ; .20 S. W, Newburyport, Pop.
3,164, Phillips' academy in this town is the most
flourishing academy in the state. Its funds amount
to more than 50,000 doUars. It had in 1820, a
principal, 3 assistants, and 140 students, pursuing
the study of the learned languages, A Theologic
al Seminary was established here in 1808, It is
very richly endowed entirely by private bounty.
It has 4 professors, and more than 100 studente.
Two large brick buildings 4 stories high\contain
students' rooms, and a third, 90 feet by 40, contains
the chapel, 3 lecture rooms, and the libra.ry fitted
with alcoves for 30,000 volumes, though the num
ber of volumes at present does not exceed 6,000,
The academy and the theological seminary are
under the sarae board of 13 Trustees,
Andover, p-t, Tolland co. Conn, 15 m.E, Hartford.

46

A N G

Andover, t. Sussex co. N. Y. 50 ra. N. Trenton,
40 W, N, W. New- York.
A'ndoville, t. France, in the Mayenne, 6 m. N.
Laval. Andoyaco, t, Peru, in Lima, 32 ra. S, E, Xauxa,
Andragiry, r, Suraatra, which falls into the sea
on the E. coast, in lat. 0° 30' S,
Andrapoura. See Indrapoura.
Andrastadt, or Andre, St. t, of the Austrian era-
pire, in Carinthia, 20 m, E, N. E, Clagenfurt, ajid
32 S. E. Mahran.
Andrea,, t W, Africa, on the Mesurado, 7 or 8
m. from its mouth,
Andreasberg, t. Hanover, in Grubenhagen, con
taining mines of iron, cobalt, and silver. Pop.
3,350. 10 m. S. S. E. Goslar.
Andreneh, or Androna, t Syria, 30 m. S. S, E.
Aleppo, Andres, or Andeves, t. in Natolia, 60 m. E.
Arigora, Andrevskaia, bay on the coast of Siberia, Lon,
96° 14' E, Lat 76° 20' N,
Andrew, r, W, Africa, falls into the sea, about
5° N, lat
Andrewa, or Andre, a Tartar v, near the Rus
sian government of Caucasus'.
Andt^sBU Bay, in the straits of MageUan, coast
<lf Patagi^ia.
Andria, t. Naples, in Bari, 5 m. W. S. W. Trani.
Andria, t. Asia, in Daghestan, 90 m. N. N. W.
Derbend. Andriehoa, t. castle, and lordship in Galicia.
Aindrona. See Andreneh.
Androniga, t. Cyprus, 16 m.N. Famagosta.
Andros, or_Andro, one of the Cyclades islands, in
the Archipelago. Pop, 10,000, mostiy Greeks.
The principal trade is in silk,
Andros, the capital of the above is in lon. 25°
2' E, lat 37° 46' N.
Androscoggin, r, rises in Umbagog lalce. The
first part of its course is in New-Hampshire, Af
ter entering Maine it runs S. E. and empties into
the Kennebeck, 18 miles from its mouth.
Andros Islands, or Isles del Espiritu Santo,
among the Bahamas, Lon, 77° to 78° 15' W. Lat.
from 24° to 25° 20' N.
Androwskala, fort on Mount Caucasus, 10 m. S.
S. E, Alexandrofsk,
Andrusa, t Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 20 m, N,
E, Naverin,
Anduse, t. France, in Cevennes, on the Gardon,
20 m. N, W, Nismes. Pop. 5,000,
Anduxar, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal
quiver, 6 leagues from Jaen, Pop, 14,000,
Aned Del, t. Nubia, 45 ni, S,Chiggre,
Afiedour, t. Hind, 20 m, W. Madura.
Anegada, isl, W. Indies. Lon. 64° 22' W. Lat
18° 46' N.
Anegada, bay, on the coast of Patagonia, at the
mouth of the Rio de los Sauces. Lat 44° 45' S,
Anemnr, cape and city of Caramania, in Asia
Minor, 120 ra, S, Konieh. Lon, 32° 30' E, Lat 36°
15'N, Aneri, t. Japan, in Niphon, 95 m. W, Meaco,
Anet, t. France, in the Eure and Loire, 8 m. N,
Dreux, Pop, 1,570,
Anei, V, Switzerland, 17 m, W. N. W, Berne.
Anfant, t. Persia, 30 m. N. W. Zareng.
Anfelden, t. Bavaria, 12 m. N, W. Anspach.
Angad, desert, Africa, between Algici-s and
Morocco. Inhabited by fierce and war-like Arabs.
Angamaly, t. in Cochin, 36 m. E. Cranganore.
Angatole, t -Ceylon, 25 m, S, E, Colombo,

A N G
Angar, isl. in the Persian gulf, S. of Kishma isl.
Angara, r. Siberia, rises in lake Baikal, and
passing Irkutsk, falls into the Enissey,
Angara, t. Thibet, 20 m. N. N. W. DharmSaleh,
Angaraes, province, Peru, watered by some of
the head streams of the Apuriraac. Its capital is
Guancavelica. Pop. 3,245.
Angasa, isl. in the Indian ocean, E. Madagas
car, Lon, 58° 10' E. Lat 17° S.
Angeac, t France, 3 leagues W. S. W. Cognac.
Pop. 1,600.
Angee Gardien, parish, Cote-de-Beaupre seign
iory. Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 74
m. N. E, Quebec.
Angedira, isl. in the Indian sea, 44 m. S. Goa.
Lon. 74° E. Lat 14° 44' N.
Angel, 1, Germany, runs into the Ems, near
Munster, Angekma, t. Persia, in Irak, 25 m, N. Koom.
Angeks. See Puebla de los Angeles.
Angelica, p-t and cap. AUeghaJuy co. N. Y. on
Genesee r, S. E, Buffalo. Pop. 439.
Angeln or Anglen, district, Denmark, on the
E. coast of Sleswick, between the bay of Fleus-
burg and the river Schley.
Angelniemi, t, Russia, in Finland, 22 m. E, S.
E. Abo.
Angenila,isl. at the E, entrance of the straits of
Sunda. Lon. 106°" 38' E. Lat, 5° 48' S.
Angenweel, t Hind, in Concan, 95 m. S. Bom
bay, Anger, t Stiria, 12 ra, N. N. E. Gratz.
Anger, t Austria, 8 m. S. St, Polten.
Angerbach, i. Prussia, falls into the Havel, near
Potsdam, Angerburg, t. Prussia, 55 m, S. E. Konigsberg.
Angeree Point, on N. coast of Javsu Lon. 106°
47' E.
Angermann-Aa, r, Sweden, falls into the gulf of
Bothnia, at Hernosand, Lat 62° 32' N.
Angermannland, district, Sweden, on the gulf of
Bothnia, bounded N. W. by Bothnia and Asele, or
Angermannlands-Lappmark, S. by Medelpad, and
W. by Jamtland.
Angermunde, t in the grand duchy of the Low
er Rhine, 7 m, N. Dusseldorf.
Angerm,unde, t, Prussia, in Ucker Mark of Bran
denburg, 40 m, N. Berlin,
Angers, city, France, cap. of the Maine and
Loire, on the Mayenne. Slate quEuries, and
mines of iron and coal, are found in the neighbour
hood. Here are manufactured, stamine, camlets,
serge, and otherstuffs, hats, and leather. 221eagues
W, Tours, and 30 S. E. Rennes. Pop. 28,927.
Angcmlle, v. France, 9 leagues S. Versailles.
Angerville 1' Archer and Angerville la Martel, 2
towns, France, Lower Seine.
Angevan, t. .Persia, in Irak, 60 m. S. S. E. Cas
bin. ¦
Anghiari, t. Italy, in the grand duchy of Tusca
ny ; another, near the Adige.
Anghiera, t. Italy, on the Lago Maggiore, at the
egress of the Ticino, 30 m. N. W. Milan.
Angira, t. Persia, 30 m. W. Schiraz.
Angistola, r, Naples, rises in Calabria Ultra,
and runs into the gulf of Eufemia, 8 m. N. Monte-
leonc, Lon, 16° 28' E, Lat, 38° 47' N,
Angistri, isl, in the gulf of Engia, on the coast
of Greece, Lon, 23° 22' E, Lat 37° 41' N.
Anglade, t, France, 7 leagues N, Bordeaux.
Anglard, t France, 12 leagues N, W. St, Flour.,
Angle, t, France, 10 leagues E. S, E. Poitiers.
Angle, t France 4 leagues W, Lucon,

A N G
Angles, or Angle, t. France, 19 leagues W.
MontpeUer. Pop, 2,560.
Atiglesey, isl. and co, N. Wales, in the Irish sea,
separated from the mainland by Menai strait,
and containing 402 squai-e miles. Its copper mines
formerly yielded from 40,000 to 80,000 tons year
ly, employing 1500 miners ; 12 or 15 years ago 1000
miners were employed ; but in 1809 only 600,
Lead ore is found here ; and coal is obtained in
considerable quantity. Grain and catUe are the
chief products of Anglesey. 100,000 bushels of
grain are exported in favourable seasons. The
island contains 77 parishes, 7,183 houses, and
37,045 inhabitants comprised in 7,706 families,
of which 5,376 are occupied in agriculture, 1,453
in trade and manufactures.
Anglesola, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m. W. N. W
Cervera. .ingksqueville, t. France, 74 leagues N. Rouen.
Anglet, t. France, 4 league W. S. W. Bayonne.
Anglois, Qui de Sac, a secure harbour on the S.
E. of Martinico island.
Anglona, t. Naples, in BasiUcata.
Angola city in Chili, on the Biobio, destroyed
by the incursions of the Araucanian Indians, 50
m. S. E. Concepcion.
Angola, usually described as a kingdom of W.
Africa, immediately S. of Congo, comprises, in
mercantile language, the whole coast, from Cape
Lopez Gonsalvo, to St. Phelipe de Benguela, or
fr, 1° to 12° S, lat It is resorted to for slaves. At
St, Paul de Lcango, 84° S, lat is the chief Portu
guese estabUshment for supplying Brazil with ne
groes. The number annually transported does
not faU short of 40,000.
Angora, Angura, or Ankara, city, A, Turkey,
in NatoUa ; surrounded by mountains. Shawls
rivalling those of Cashmere are fabricated of the
hair of the Angora goat. It is long and of a silken
texture. The goat affords 200 or 300 drams of it,
and is shorn twice a-year. As the neighbouring
territory is more profitably employed in rearing
these animals, the city is supplied from a distance
with grain, but opium is extensively cultivated,
and a great quantity of honey and wax is obtained.
The population is variously estimated from 40,000
to 100,000. They consist of Mahometans and
Christians ; the latter have a Greek and Ar
menian archbishop and 7 churches. 212 m, E.
S, E, Constantinople, Lon. 33° 18' E, Lat, 40°
4'N. Angostura, t. S, America, in New Grenada, on
ihe Magdalena, 140 m, N. Santa Fee de Bogota.
Angoule, r. Syria, flowing into the lake of Anti
och, 10 m. N. N. E. Antioch.
Angouleme, city, France, on Uie Charente, 20
leagues N. N. E. Bordeaux, It is the capital of the
department of the Charente. Pop. 14,745. This
to^vn gives the title of duke to a nephew of the
present king of France.
. Angoumais, formerly a province of France, now
forming part of the departments of the Charente,
the 'Charente Inferieur, the Dordogne, and tfie
Deux Sevres,
Angoutchu, t Tibet, 10 m. S. Dharmsaleh,
Angoxa, r. in Mesambique, E, Africa, empties
in lat. 16° 30' S.
Angra, s-p. cap. Tercera, one of tbe Azores. It
is the residence of the Portuguese locai govern
ment Lon. 27° 14' W. Lat, 38° 38' N.
Angra de los Reyes, citv, Brazil, in Rio Janeiro,
on a amaU bay. Lon, 44° 11' W, L-^t. 23° 4' S,

A N I

47

Angrab, r, Abyssinia, rises near Gondar, and
falls into the Tacazze,
Angrie, t, France, in the Maine and Loire, 5
leagues V7, N, W, Angers.
An.grogne, acommune in the valley of Lucerne,
in Piedmont^ surrounded by lofty mountains, in
many places inaccessible. It was the last retreat
of the persecuted Waldenses,
Angstoo, t. Tibet, 75 m. N, Jemlah,
Angueah, district, Abyssinia, on a river of the
same name, 50 m, E. Axum,
Anguiliastra, isl. in the Mediterranean,near the
E. coastof Sardinia. Lat. 40° I'N.
Anguila, or Snake Island, the most N. of the
Caribbees, 10 leagues in length, and 3 in breadth.
*Its productions are tobacco, maize, and sugar.
It is a flourishing Missionary station, Lat 1 8° 12'N.
Anguilla, one of the Bahama islands. N, W, of
the island is the Anguilla Bank, or Cayos de los
Paques. Lon, 78° 50' W, Lat 23° 36' N,
Anguillara, t, Italy, vicariate of Padua, near
the Adige. 6 m, N, N. E, Rovigo, Pop. 2,860,
Anguillara, v. Italy, at the outlet of Bracciano,
12 m, N. W. Rorae.
Anguille, Cape) on the W. coast of Newfound
land. Lat 47° 57' N,
Arigully, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 32 m. E Sera.
Angunciada, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the
Ebro, 8 m. N. Calzada.
Angus. See Forfar, County of.
Angustrina, t. France, in the eastern Pyrenees,
6 leagues S. E, Ax.
Anhalt, principality, Germany, bounded N, by
the Mark of Brandenburg, E. by theduchy of Sax
ony, S.W, by the county of Mansfeld, and N. W,
by Brunswick, Halberstadt, and Magdeburg, It i&
60 miles long and 12 to 16 broad ; containing 924
square miles, and 1 10,000 inhabitants. The coun
try is level, and productive in corn, tobacco, and
fruits. Cattle and wood form the chief articles of
export. The religion is the Calvinist, The en
tire revenue is at least 600,000 dollars, exclusive
of the possessions of the Dessau branch in Prussia,
Silesia, and other parts of Germany, The prin
cipal proprietors of Anhalt, are the heads of the
houses of Bernburg, Dessau, and Kothen. Each
of the three princes has full sovereignty over his
respective domains.
Anhalt, isl. Denmark, in the Cattegat, between
Lessoe and Zealand, surrounded by sand banks.
Lon. 11° 36' E. Lat. 56° 38' N.
Anholt, t castle, and domain, Germany, be
tween Munster, Cleves and Zutphen, on the Old
Yssel, and belonging to the house of Salm, n6w oc-
cupiedlby Prussia. 90 m. E. Nimeguen.
Anja, lake. Little Bukharia, 60 m. S. Hotun.
Aniane, or St. Berwit, t. France, in Herault, 54
leagues W, by N. MontpeUer,
Anian-Slraits, between N. E. point of Asia, and
the N. W. point of America.
Anjar, t. Syria, between Aleppo and Alexan
dria, Anicul, t. Hind, in Mysore, 13 m. S. Banga
lore, Anfengo, t, and fort, Hind, in Travancore, at
the mouth of a broad and deep river, 70 m, from
Cape Comorin, 40 N, W, Travancore.
Anjier, v. on the N. coast of Java, on a bay, 78
m. W, Batavia,
Animally, or Animalaya, t. Hind. 18 S. Coimbe
toor, 35 W, Daraporum. Lon. 77° 3' E, Lat. 10°
41' N.

48

ANN

ANT

Aninsk, v. Russia, in Perm. Its copper-mine
produces yearly about 250 tons of copper.
Antoia, t. Naples 13 ra, S. Nicotera.
Anjou, fcrraerly a province of France, now di
vided among the departmerats of Loire, Iirferieure,
Vendee, Indre and Loire, Sarthe, Uie and Vilaine,
Mayenne, and Deux-Sevres.
Anisa, t Arabia, 200 ra, N.W, Jaraama.
Anisi, t. Turkish Armenia, 40 ra. E. Kars, 40
W. Erivan.
Aniva, or Tarnbaouora, bay at the S. extremity
of the island Saghalin. Lou. 144° 20' E. Lat
46° 10' N.
Ankapilly, t. Hind, 5 m. N, E. Cossimcotta.
Ankapilly, t. Hind. 20 m, W, Rajamundry.
Anker, r. Eng.falls into the Tame, at Tamworth,"
in Warwickshire.
AnkeifieM, v, Scotland, in Ross-shire, 4 m, S.
Tain, Anklam, t, Germany, in Pomerania. Both its
inland and maritime commerce are of considera
ble importance. 36 ra. S. S. E. Stralsund.
Ankun, t. Germany, in Anhalt, near Zerbst
Anlezy, v, Frajice, 6 leagues E, Nevers.
Anmantagoody, t Hind, in Marawar, 30 m, N.
Ramanadporum, and 60 S. Tanjore,
Annaburg, t. in the Prussian duchy of Saxony,
S. E, Wirtemberg, 46 m, N, N, W. Dresden.
r Annagh, v. Ireland, Cork co. 5 m. from Charle-
ville. Annagh, isl. on the W. coastof Ireland, Lat 63°
58' N.
Annagh, isl. Ireland, in the Lough Conn, coun
ty of Mayo, 8 m. from Killala.
Annagh Nan, or Annachnan, isl, on the S. W.
coast of Ireland, 22 m. W, Galway. Lon, 9° 38'
W. Lat, 53° 18' N.
Annagoondy, or Bijanagur, city, Hind, on the
N. bank of the Toombudra, Lon. 76° 34' E.
Lat, 15° 14' N. See Bisnagar.
Annah, t, Asiatic Turkey, on the Euphrates,
150 m. from Bagdad.
Annamaboe, t Africa, on the Gold coast for
merly a great market for the slave trade.
Annamooka, or Rotterdam, one of the Friendly
Islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 174° 31' W.
Lat 20° 15' S,
Annan, bor, aud s-p. Scotland, Dumfrieshire,
on the Annan, 14 m. fr. Dumfries, 56 S, Edin
burgh. It has a good harbour. Shipping 750 or
800 tons. Pop. 2,500.
Amrmn, r. Scotland, runs into the Solway frith.
Annandale, district, Scotland, Dumfrieshire,
on the Annan.
Annapolis, city, Ann-Arundel co, Md. on the S.
bank of the Severn, 30 m, S. Baltimore, 40 E. N.
E.Washington. Pop. about 2,000. It is the seat
of the state government. Shipping in 1815, 2,663
tons. Annapolis, r. Nova Scotia, runs into the bay of
Fundy. It is navigable for ships of any burthen
10 miles ; and 15 miles for those of 100 tons.
Annapolis, co. Nova Scotia, on Annapolis river.
Annapolis Royal, s-p. Nova Scotia, on tiie river
and bay of Annapolis. The port is one of the
finest in the world, from 5 to 18 fathoms deep, and
large enough to contain several hundred ships,
Lon. 66° 22' W. Lat 44° 49' N.
Annboor, p-v, Maury co. Ten.
Ann-Arundel, co, Md, on the W. side of Chesa
peake bay. Pop. 26,668. Chief t, Annapolis,
Annecy, cap. of the Savoyese duchy of Gene
vois, and after Chamberry, the largest town of

Savoy. It is on Annecy lake, 30 m. S. Geneva.
Pop. 3,440. Lon. 5° 57' E. Lat 45° 56' N.
Anneulin, v. France, dep of the North, 3 leagues
S. W. LiUe. Pop. 1,600.
Annobon, isl, Africa, on the coast of Congo, 300
m. W. Cape Lopez. Lon. 5° 30' E. Lat 1° 32' S.
Annondy, t. France, at the junction of the
Cauce and Deume, famous for its manufactures
of exceUent paper. Pop. 5,800. 124 leagues N,
Privas, Lon, 6° 50' E. Lat, 45° 15' N.
Annone, t Piedmont, in the district of Alessan
dria, on the Tanaro.
Annot, t. France, dep. of the Lower Alps.
Pop. 1,030. 8 leagues E. S. E. Digne. Lon. 6°
49' E. Lat 48° 57' N.
Announah, or Annonay, t. Algiers, 32 m. E.
Constantina. Annsburg, p-t. Washington co. Maine, 30 m, N.
W. Machias,
Annsville, p-v. Dinwiddle co. Va. 55 m. S. Rich
mond. Annsvilk, p-v. Athens co, Ohio.
Annunciada, Point, on W. coast of Africa. Lat
15°30'S. Anoopshehr, t Hind, in Delhi, on the Ganges,
inlat28°21'N. Anover, v. Spain, 12 m. N. E. Toledo.
Ansauviller, v, France, in Oise, 7 leagues N. E.
Beauvaus. Ansedonia, t Italy, in the grand, ducky of Tus
cany. Ansga, t Asiatic Turkey, 55 m. N. N, W. Di
arbekir, Anso, or Rocca d'Anso, fort, in Venice, 20 m. N,
N. W. Brescia.
Anson, p-t Somerset co. Maine, on the Kenne
bec, 12 m. N. W. Norridgewock. Pop. 633.
Anson, co. N, C, on the Yadkin, S. W. Raleigh.
Chief t Wadesborough. Pop. 8,831. Slaves,
2,325. Anson's Bay, onW. coast of Norfolk island.
Anson's Island. See Bouka.
Anspach, or Onobzbach, formerly a principality
of Germany, but now raosUy included in the cfr-
cles of the Rezat, and the Upper Danube, in Ba
varia. Anspach, the capital of Uie circle of the Rezat,
in Bavaria, 30 m, S. W. Nuremberg. Lon. 10°
33' E. Lat. 49° 12' N. Pop. 11,924.
Anstruther Wester, bor, parish, and s-p. Scot
land, in Fifeshire, on the N. shore of the frith of
Forth, 23 ra, N. E. Edinburgh. Pop. 393.
Ania. See Ahantah.
Antalia. See Sataiia.
Antalo, t. Abyssinia, cap. of Enderta, 67 m. S.
E. Adowa.
Antandro, t A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the gulf
of Adramiti, 12 m, S, Adramiti,
Antaralik Fiord, bay on W, coastof W, Green
land. Lon. 49° 46 W. Lat 64° 40' N.
Antegnuto, t. Italy, 4 ra. W. N, W. Brescia.
Antequera, t. Spain, 26 m. N. N. W. Malaga, 54
W. Granada. Pop. 13,000.
Antequera. See Oaxaca.
Anter, t Arabian Irak, 8ra. S. S, W, Korna.
Anthony, Fort, Dutch settiement on flie gold
coast of Guinea, on tiie W. extremity of Cape
Three Points, 26 ra. E, ApoUonia.
Anthony Cave's Island, in the Pacific ocean
Lon. 152° 50' E, Lat, 3° 10' S,
Anthony's Kill, r. N, Y, empties into the Hud
son from the W, 7 m, above the Mohawk.

ANT

ANT

49

-Anthony's Nose, a lofty promontory, on the E.
side of Hudson r, 62 ra, N, New York.
.Anlibes, s-p. France, on the Mediterranean, It
IS an important barrier on the side of Italy. Lon.
7° 11' E,
Anticoli, t Italy, in the states of the Church, in
the Campagna di Roma.
Anticosti, isl. in the mouth of the St, Lawrence,
125 miles long, and 30 broad. It has no harbor ;
is uncultivated. Two persons appointed by gov-
ermnent reside on it to assist those who may have
the misfortune to be wrecked on the desolate
coast, Lon. of tiie E. point, 62° 0' W, Lat. 49°
5'N. Antigareali, isl. in the Indian sea, nearthe coast
of Corean, 30 ra. N. Gheriah. Lou, 72° 58' E, Lat
17° 10' N.
Antignana, t. Istria, 3 m. N. N. E. Pedena.
Antigua, isl, W. Indies, 50 m, in circumference,
and contains 59,838 acres, the greater part of
which is appropriated to the growth of sugar.
The other principal staples are cotton, wool, and
tobacco. The official value of the imports and
exports were, in 1809, imports, 198,121/. ; exports,
216,000/. In 1810, imports, 285,458/.; exports,
182,392/. Pop, in 1817, 2,102 whites, 438 free
blacks, and,31,452 slaves. It is the seat of ancient
and successful missionary estabhshments. Their
schools contained, at the last returns, l,4(iO schol
ars, and their efforts have effected a happy change
in the morals of the blacks and coloured people,
Lon. 61° 38' to 61° 53' W. Lat 17° to 17° 12' N.
Antilibanos, mountains in Syria, being part of
the chain of Libanus,
Antilles, a name sometimes given to certain
islands in the West Indies. They are distinguish
ed into Greater and Less. The Greater compre
hend Cuba, Hispaniola, Jamaica, and Porto Ri
co ; and the Less, Aruba, Curacoa, Bonair, Mar-
garetta, and others near the coast of S. America,
Antin, t, France, in Upper Pyrenees, 20 leagues
W. S. W. Toulouse.
Antina, Civita d', t Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra,
11 m. N. W. Sora, 25 S. AquUa.
. Antioch, now c9.Ued Antaki, or Antakie, by the
Turks, a city of Syria, on the S. bank of the
Orontes. It is surrounded by waUs, inclosing a
space of more than amile andahalf in diameter.
It is governed by a mohassel, dependent on the
pacha of Aleppo. , It is edso the residence of a pa
triarch of the Greek church. 50 m. W. Aleppo.
Pop. 18,ilg0, of whom 15,000 are Mahometans,
3,000 Christians, and 150 Jews. Lon. 35° 17' E.
Lat. 36° d|||.
Antioehef Pertuis d', strait, W. coast of France,
separates the island of Oleron from those, of Rhe
and Aix.
Antiochetta, t. A, Turkey, on the coast of Cara
mania, 88 m. S. Konieh, Lon. 32° 20' E. Lat.
36° 6' N.
Antioquia, province. New Granada, bounded
N. by Carthagena, S. by Popayan, E. by Santa
Fe, W, by Choco, It possesses gold mines. Its
capital is Santa Fe. Lon, 74° 30' W, Lat 6° 60 'N.
Antiparos, isl, in the Grecian archipelago, be
tween Paros and Siphanto. Here is a cavern or
grotto in th,e side of a rock, about, 2 mUes from the
shore, in height 60 yards, in width 120. Its sides
are crystalUzed marMe, and present a splendid
scene when lighted up. 4 m, W. l^aros, Lon, 25°
13' E. Lat 37° 2', N.
Antipatris, in Sac. Geog. t in the plains of Pal
estine, between Joppa and Caesarea, - 7

Antipaxo, Antipasso, or Antipacksu, ial, near
Corfu, included in the republic of the Ionian isles.
Antipino, t. Russia, on Volga r,100 m, S,Saratov,
Antipinsk, t Russia, on the Volga, inhabited by
Cossacs of the Don, 100 m. S, Saratof,
Antipsera, isl, in the Grecian Archipelago, 2 m.
fr, Ipsera, Lon, 25° 33' E, Lat 38° 42' N,
Antisana, a volcanic summit of the Andes, in
Quito, 19, 160 feet above the level of the sea,
Antisana, hamlet, in the Andes, 3,800 feet above
Quito, and 13,500 feet above the level of tiie 'sea:
the highest inhabited place on ihe globe,
Antivari, t. Albania, on the gulf of Venice, 38
m, S, E. Ragusa, Lat. 42° 25' N,
Antlestorf, t Austria, 6 m, E, Entzerstorff,
Antoing, t, Netherlands, in Hainault, on the
Scheldt, 4 m. fr, Tournay. Pop. 1,600.
Anton, or Test, r. Eng, rises 10 m. N. Andover,
and takesthenameof Southampton water at Red-
bridge, which is retained until its discharge into
the sea at Spithead.
j?re/o!ic«),t, Russia, in Min3k,16 m,S.S,E, Mozyr.
Antongil, bay, on the E. coast of Madagascar.
Antonne, t France, in Dordogne, ou the Ille, 2
leagues fr.' Perigeux.
Antony, t. France, noted for candle manufacto"-
tories. Pop. 1,220. 2 leagues S. S. W. Paris.
Antraigues, t. France, in Ardeche. Pop, 1,500,
44 leagues W, Privas,
Antrain, t. France, dep, of the Ille and Vilaine.
Pop, 1,376, 9 leagues N, E, Rennes,
Antrain, t. France, in the Nievre, 4 leagues E.
Cosne. Anlriff, r, Hesse, flows into the Schwalm, at
ZeU, Antrim, maritime county of Ireland, in Ulster,
Its manufactures are linen yarn, white and brown
linen, wool, canvas, paper, and kelp. It has an
iron foundery, fisheries, and exports great quanti
ties of butter. Chief towns, Antrim, and Belfast.
Pop. in 1812, 240,000, ,
Antrim, t Ireland, in the above county, at the
N, end of Lough Neagh. Pop. 2,183. 12 m. N.
W. Belfcist, 84 N, Dublin.
. Antrim, p-t, HiUsborough co. N. H. 25 ra. S,
W, Concord. Pop, 1,277,
Antrim, t Franklin co. Pa, Pop. 2,864,
Antrologo, t Naples, in BasiUcata, 11 m. N. E,"
Venosa. Antros, isl. on the W. coast of France, at the
mouth of the Garonne.
Antsha, t Turkish Armenia, 26 m. N. N, E.
Ispira. , , , ,
Antsianacs, people, in the interior of Mada-
gasca[| Ant'werp,,fiityj Netherlands, in Brabant, on the
.Scheldt. Its citadel is on the S. side of the town.
Its harbor is deep and commodious, capable of
containing 1000 vessels. Antwerp was formerly
the greatest, place, of trade in Europe, and had a
numerous population, but the policy of the Dutch
turned the trade to Amsterdam. It has an elegajit
cathedral church, stadthouse, and exchange ; and
a vast warehouse for Baltic merchandise. In the
parish church of St, James are deposited the re
mains of Rubens, The inhabitants are employed
in jewellery, sugar-refining, and linen-bleaching ;
in the manufacturing of cotton, lace, and carpets.
Antwerp has repeatedly experienced the calami
ties of war. In 1576 it was plundered by the
Spaniards ; surrendered to the duke of Marlbo
rough in 1706 ; the French, took it in 1746, restor
ed it to Austria at the peace of .Aix-la-Chapelle ;

50

APE

re-occupied it in 1794, and retained it during the
next 20 years. 22 m. N. Brussels, 22 fr. Ghent.
Lon. 4° 22' E. Lat. 51° 14' N, Pop. 61,800,
Antwerp, p-t. Jefferson cd.(N, Y.)N, E. Water-
town. Pop, 350.
Anui Bolsche, r. Siberia, runs into thfe Kolima,
24 m. E, Niznei Novimskoi,
Anui Sachoi, r. Siberia, runs into the Kolima,
27 m, E, Niznei Novimskoi.
Anville, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. 17 ra, fr. Harris
burg. Pop. 2,601.
Anville Island, in the gulf of Georgia, on the N,
W, coast of America. Lon, 237° 3' E. Lat, 49°
30' N.
Anuiskaia, fort, A. Russia, 50 m. W. N. W, Bi-
. isk, Lon. 83° 14' E. Lat, 52° N,
Anweiler, 't Bavaria, duchy of Deux-Ponts, on
the Queich, 6 m. from Landau. Pop. 1,800.
Anza, r. Piedmont, joins the Tosa near Vo-
gogna. Anzarba, or Anazarba, t. A. Turkey, in Adana,
30m.N. E. Adana, 30 W. S. W. Marasch. Lon.
;35°45'E, Lat 37° 4'N.
Anzico, or Micocco, region in Uie interior of W,
Africa, behind Congo. ,
Anzuelos, r. Guatimala, runs E. into the Carib
bean sea, Lon, 82° 60' W. Lat. 10° 5' N.
A?ir:uki, or Anzugiama, t Japan, in Niphon, on
lake Meaco, 80 m. N. E. Meaco.
Aor, isl. off the E. coast of Malacca. Lon. 104°
35' E. Lat 2° 25' N.
Aorle, t. France, in the Landes, 4 leagues S.
Dax, Aosta, duchy, in Piedmont, separated by the
Alps from Savoy and the Valais. Pop. 66,000.
Aosta, chief t in the above duchy, on the Doria,
at the foot of the Alp^, at the meeting of the great
commercial roads from Savoy and the Valais to
Piedmont, Pop. 5,550. 25 m. N. W. Ivrea, 150
N, N. W, Turin.
Aosta, t Syria, near the sea, 35 ra. S. Tripoli,
Aoakel. See Howakil.
Aouste, I. France, on the Drome, 6 leagues S.
Valence. Aoutos, t Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 44 m. W. N.
W. Burgos.
Aouz, t. Arabia Petraea, near the Red sea, 95
m. S. Calaat el Moilah.
Aoyca, t, Spain, in Navarre, 10 m. N. W. Pam-
peluna. Aoys, or Aoys, t. Spain, in Navarre, on the
Yrate, 10 m, N, W, Sanguesa.
Apalachian Mountains. See Alleghany Moun
tains. Apalachie, r, Georgia, the S. branch of the Oco
nee, which it joins 4ra. W. Greensboro'.
. Apam. See Acron.
Apamea, or Degel, t, Persia, on the Tigris, 27
m, fr, Bagdad,
Apamea. See Hamah.
Apamis, t, Asiatic Turkey, on the Meander, 100
ra, W. Eskihissar. '
Apanormia, t. on the N. W, coast of Santorin,
6 m, N, N, W, Scare. Lon. 25° 24' E, Lat. 36°
38' N,
Apassi, I. Circassia, runs into the Kuban, 75 m.
E, Taman,
Apasso, t, Mexico, 42 m, N, Mexico,
Apatshinsk, t, in Kamtschatka, on the Bolschaia,
Apchon, t France, in Cantal, 12 m. N. St. Flour,
Apec, one of the New Hebrides, in the Pacific
ocean, about 60 miles in circuit L™. 168° 36' E.
Lat. 16° 42' ,S.

A P P
Apelbo, t Sweden, in Dalecai-lia. Lon. 13*^
56' E. Lat, 60° 28' N.
Apekhe, or Apelscebuel, t. Netherlands, West
Friesland, 36 m. S. Leeuwarden.
Apenburg, t in the Mark of Brandenburg, 22
m, W. Stendal. Pop. 380. Lon. 12° 23' E. Lat.
52° 40' N.
Apennines. See Appennines.
Apenrade, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, on an arm
of the Baltic. Pop, 3,000. Lon, 9° 26' E. Lat.
55° 3' N.
Apfeldsfadt, r. .Saxony, falls into the Gera al
Molsdorf, Aphiom, or Afium-Karar-hissar, t, NatoUa, on tho
Marsyas,or Mindra, surrounded by waUs, and de
fended by a casUe. Manufactures are carried on
herein wooUen stufls, particularly carpets; also
in chintzes, and fire-arms; but the staple com
modity is opium, A pacha of two t^ils resides
here, and the town is the ordinary resort of the
caravans from Constantinople and Smyrna. Pop.
estimated at 60,000. 56 ra. S, Kutayeh, 162 E.
Smyrna, Lon, 30° 26' E, Lat 38° 46' N.
Apice, t Naples, in the principato Citra, 7 m.
E. S, E, Benevento.
Apiochama, r. of Peru, runs N, of La Paz, into
the Beni.
Aploga, t. in Whidah, on the Slave coast of Af
rica, near tbe Euphrates,
Apo, one of the PhiUppine islands, between
Mindoro and the CalEunianes. Lon. 123° Iff E.
Lat, 9° 23' N. The Sfioals extend 28 m, in length
from N, to S, and 8 in breadUi. Lon. 120-^ 36' E.
Lat. 12° 27' N.
Apolahamba, province, Peru, in La Paz, N. ot
Larecaja. Pop. 30,000, chiefly civiUzed Indians.
Chief t St. Antonio de Aten.
Apolda, t Germany, in the grand duchy of
Saxe-Weimar. It belongs to the university of
Jena. Here are extensive stocking works, which
employ above 2,500 persons, who manufacture
yearly about 40,000 dozen pairs. Pop. 4,000. 40
m. S. W. Leipsic. Lon. 11° 3ff E. Lat60°56'A".
ApoUonia, in Sac. Geog. s-p. of Macedonia, S.
AmphipoUs ; also a town of lUj-ria.
ApoUonia, kingdom, Africa, on the Gold coast,
comprehending the whole of the coast W. of the
river Ancobra. It stretches about 100 miles along
the coast, and 20 inland. The coast is flat, has no
creeks or harbors, and the sea breaks with such
violence as to render Uie approach dangerous.
Apoquinimink, creek, NewcasUe ro. Delaware,
runs into Delaware bay 2 ni. below R&dy island.
Appalac/its, Indians, 50 in numbetjRn Bayou
Rapide. Apostola Thadeia, cape, on the E. coast of Si
beria, at tiic W. end of Uie gulf of Anadyr. Lon.
178° 14' E. Lat 63° N.
Apostoles, a mission of tlie Jesuits in Paraguay,
between the rivers Parana and Ui-aguay.
Apostoles, islands, iu, the strait of Magellan.
Lon, 75° 6' W. Lat. 52° 34' S.
Appalachia. See St. Marks.
Appalachicola, r. Floriila, is formed by the junc
tion of Chatahoochee and Flint rivers, and empties
into St. Geoi-ge's Sound, the W. part of Apalachy
bay, Appala€hichola,t.'E,ast Florida, on the above riv
er, 100 in. N, E, Pensacola,
Appanaig-Pollam, t. Hind, in Barramaul, 9 m.
S, S. W. Darempoory.
Appeldoorn, t. Dutch Guelderland, 13 m, N, ^^
Zutphen. Pop, 2,670.

APU

ARA

1)1

.ippeivwtes, a chain of mountains in Ital}', wliich
begins near mount Appio, one of the maritime
.41ps in the territory of Genoa, and after running
for a considerable way to the E. traverses Italy in
its whole length, from N, to S. When near the
end of its course, it separates into two branches,
one of which advances S. E. to the Capo di Leu-
ca, in the Terra di Otranto, and the otiier W. to
the strait of Messina.
Appenzell, canton, in the N. E. part of Switzer
land, environed on all sides by that of St. Gall. It
contains 326 sq. miles, and 45,000 inhabitants.
It is divided into two parts, one of wliich is Oath-
olic, and the other Calvinist. Each of thpse di
visions has its own constitution and magistrates,
and is entirely independent of Uie other. 'The
fonn of government is pure democracy.
Appmsell, chief v. in the above canton, is on
the Sitter, 40 m. E, Zurich, Pop. 3,000.
•Appeville, t. France, 7 leagues W, S. W. Rouen.
Pop. 1,500,
. Appiano, t. Italy, in the Lombardo-Venetiau
kingdom, 6 m. S. VV. Como.
Appidamiscliken, t Prussia, 9 m, S. E, Gumbin-
nen, Appignano, t. in Ancona, 18 m, S. S, W, An
cona, Appii Forum, in Sac. Geog. t Italy, 50 m, S,
Rome. Appin, district of Scotland, Argyle co. com
prising a parish and town of the same name, and
the island of Lisniorc.
Appingadam, v. of the Netherlands, in Gronin-
gen. Pop. 1,600.
Appleby, bor. and t Eng. Westmorelandshire.
Pop. 2,160. 10 m. fr. Penrith.
Appledore, s-p. Eng. Devonshire, on Barnstaple
. bay, at the mouth of the Taw and Towridge, 24
m. fr. Bideford.
Appleton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, united with
Widness. Pop. ], 204. 3 m. fr. Prescott.
Appleton, t. Lincoln co. Maine, 35 m. N. E.
Wiscasset, in which is Montville post-office. Pop.
.316. Appiinglon, t and cap. Columbia co. Geo.
Appomatox, i . Va. a S. branch of James river,
empties at City point. There are falls at Peters
burg, 12 miles above its mouth, around which
there is a canal, which has opened the navigation
for 80 miles above that city.
Appoy, t, Ardra, on the borders of Dahomey, in
Africa. Approbaque, or Approback, r. S, America, in
Cayenne, enters the sea near Cape Oi'ange,
Apremont, t France, on the Vic, dep, of the
Vendee, 6 leagues N. Sables d'Olonne.
Aprey, v. France, in the Upper Marne, 9
leagues S, Chaumont
Apricena, t. Naples, on Mount Gargano, in Ca
pitanata. Pop. 3,640,
Aprigliano, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 7 m.
S, E. Cosenza.
Aprio, t. Eu, Turkey, in Romania, on the La
rissa, 10 m, E. Trajanopolis.
Apsa, or Hapsala, t Eu. Turkey, in Romania,
18 ra, S. E. Adrianople.
Apsheron. See Absharon.
Apt, t France, on the Calavon, dep. of the
Vaucluse, 10 leagues N. Aix, and 104 E. Avignon.
Pop, 4,621.
Aptavantai, mountain of Chinese Mongolia, S.
of lake Konen,
Apui, r. Guiana, enters the Arvi.

Apulia, or Puglia, the name of the Country
comprised in Uie three NeapoUtan provinces of
Bari, Otranto, and Capitanata, which extend
along tho W, shore of the Adriatic. The great
wealth of the country lies in its pastures, those
belonging to the crown being so extensive as to
feed above a million of sheep.
Apure, r, S, America, rises in New Granada, in
one of the ridges that diverge from the eastern
cliain of the Andes, and after running in an east
erly course for 500 miles, and receiving numer
ous tributaries from Venezuela, falls by several
mouths into the Orinoco. The inliabitants, of the
bOUthern part of Venezuela, are induced, by the
easy means of conveyance aflbrded by this river,
to send their coffee, cotton, and indigo, to Guiana,
instead of carrying them on the backs of mules to
Caraccas or to Porto CabeUo.
AqucKkanock, p-t Essex co, N, J, 10 m, above
Newark, on Passaic r. Pop, 2,023. The Passaic
is navigable to this place for small boats,
Aquaforte, settlement, on the E, coast of New
foundland, Lon, 52° 33' W. Lat. 47° 5' N.
Aquamboe, kingdom, in the interior of the Gold
coast of Africa, separated from Aquapim, by the
Rio Volta,
Aquapim, kingdom, in the interior of the Gold
coast of Africa, immediately behind Acra, and W.
of the Fantee country,
Aquaquati, r. PortobeUo, in New Granada, en
ters the sea at the bay of Mandinga.
Aquelaon, one of the most easterly of the Lac
cadive islands. Lon. 73° 26' E, Lat 10° 44' N.
Aqueti, r. Quito, flows into the Ucayale.
Aqui, or Aquita, t Japan, in the S. part of Ni
phon. Aquia, p-t Stafford co. Va, 42 m, S, W. Wash
ington, 80 N, E. Richmond, on Aquia creek, which
empties into the Potomac, Here are extensive
quarries of free-stone, of which the Capitol and
President's house at Washington are built.
A.quiavilco, r. Mexico, in. Vera Cruz, runs into
the gulf of Mexico, W, of the Alvarado. Lat.
18° 30' N,
Aquigny, t, France, near the conflux of the
Eure and Iton, dep, of the Eure, 3 m, fr, Lou-
viers. Pop. 1,500.
Aquila, isl. off the E, coast of Minorca.
Aquila, city, Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, It was
once an important barrier fortress ; but the works
are all demolished, except a small fort The
French troops forced its gates on the 16th Decem
ber, 1798, Pop, 13,615. 50 m. N. E. Rome, 93
N, Naples,
A§uileia, t. in the Austrian dominions, formerly
one of the largest and strongest cities in the Ro
man empire ; but now a common country town,
containing only a few scattered buildings. It is
now incl uded in the Lombardo-Venetian king
dom. 20 m, S. FriiU. Lon, 13° 25' E. Lat 46°
61' N,
Aquin, X St. Domingo, 46 m. W. Jaquemel.
Aquire, r. Guiana, enters the Orinoco at its
widest raouth.
Ara, r. Spain, in Catalonia, rises in the Pyren
ees, and falls into the Segre. Anotheu in Arragon,
runs into the Cinca at Ainsa, "
Araba, r. Persia, flows into the Arabian sea.
Lon. 66° 40' E. Lat. 25° 30' N.
Afaban, t. A. Turkey, in Orfa, on the Khabur,
76 m. S. E. Orfa. Lou. 40° E, Lat, 36° 20' N,
Arabat, t. Russia, on the N, E, of the Crimea,,
60m.S,E,Perekop,

52

ARA

ARA

Arabazdri, A. Turkey, in Caramania, 16 m, N,
E, Alamek.
Arab-Hissar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 38 m,
N. W. Mogla,
Arabia, an extensive country in the S, W. of
Asia, bounded S, by the Indian ocean, W. by the
Red sea, E, by the gulf of Persia, and N. by Syr
ia and the river Euphrates : Length from the N.
E. extremity on this river to Cape Babelmandel,
1600 railes : Breadth on the southern coast, from
the mouth of the Red sea to the Persian gulf, 1^0
miles ; between Bassorah and Suez, 900, The
whole interior is an immense desert of burning
sands, interspersed with some few fertile spots,
which appear like islands in a desolate ocean. A
hot and pestiferous wind called the Simoom, fre
quently blows over the desert, and instantly suffo
cates the unwary traveller ; and whole caravans
are sometimes, buried by moving clouds of sand
raised by the wind. The edges of the country oh
the sea coast contain some flourishing provinces
and settlements ; but in all parts they suffer for
want of water, there being no river of any conse
quence in all Arabia, and no rain for months, and
soinetimes a year, together. Arabia is commonly
divided into three parts ; Arabia Felix, or Happy
Arabia, bordering on the Persian gulf, the Indian
ocean and the southern part of the Red sea ; Ara
bia Petroea, or Stony Arabia, lying on the Red
sea north of Arabia Felix ; and Arabia Deserta, or
the Desert, including all the interior and northern
parts of the, country. Among the Arabians these
names are notknovra : that which we call Arabia
Deserta, they call Nedsjed; Arabia Petroea is' de
nominated Hedjas ; and Arabia Felix is divided
into the kingdoms of Yemen, Hadramant, Om-
mon and Lasha. All the towns are near the coast.
The principal are Mecca, the birth-place of Ma
homet, Medina, which contains the tomb of Ma
homet, Jidda, Mocha, Sana, and Muscat, The
Arabic language is one of the most extensively
difiuse^ in the world. It is spoken not only in
Arabia, but ih Syria, Persia, Tartary, part of In
dia, and of China, half of Africa, all the sea coast
of the Mediterranean, and Turkey, The reUgion
is Mahoraetanism, 'The ArabSjOf the desert are
called Bedouins, They are a roving, lawless
race of robbers, who traverse the country in troops
on horseback, and plunder travellers and cara
vans ; yet they have some noble qualities. They
are hospitable and generous, and if a Bedouin
Arab consents to eat bread and salt with a guest,
he would not for the world betray him, Arabia
is governed by numerous petty chiefs called
imams, emirs, or sheiks, most of whom are elected
by the people, and must consult them in all impor
tant transactions. The Arabs are a people of
great spirit and valor, and resolute in defence of
their liberty, • They alone of, all Asiatic nations
have never been subdued, ^e most remarkable
animalisthe camel, which is Wonderfully fitted by
Providence for traversing the hot and parched
desert. He can travel 6 or 8 days without water,
and usually carries 80O pounds upon his back,
which is not taken off during his journey. When
weary he kneels down to rest, and sleeps wiUi his
load upon his back. His feet are made of a hard
fleshy substance, well fitted to resist the heat of
the sands. — The Arabian horses are the best iu the
world. They are swift yet docile, and will live
whole days without food, and bear incredible fa
tigue. The inland trade of Arabia as well as of
Persia, Turkey, Tartary, and Africa, is carried on

priacipaUy by caravans, consisting of large com
panies of merchants, travellers and pilgrims, who
march with their camels over tjie sandy deserts.
They carry their provisions and drink with them.
Their water is carried in skins by the camels. '
They go armed, and travel in company to defend
themselves frora the wandering Arabs.
Arabian Sea, the ancient Erythrcean Sea, be
tween the Persian gulf and the Indian ocean ;
bounded N. by Persia, E. by Hindoostan, S. by the
Indian ocean, and W. by Arabia.
Arabian Islands, 2 small islands in the Mediter
ranean, near the coast of Egypt, 7 m. S. W. Alex
andria. Lon. 30° 6' E. Lat 31° 7' N.
Arabkir, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, on a branch of
the Euphrates, 100 m. E, Sivas, 80 S. W. Erze-
rum. Arabog, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea, Lat. 22°
31' N.
Aracari, t. S. America, on the Rio Negro. Lat
26° 2ff S.
Aracati-Assu, r. Brazil, runs into the Atlantic. ,
Lon. 41° 16' W. Lat 3° 5' S.
Aracati-Merim, r. Brazil, runs intothe Atlantic.
Lon.41° 16'W.Lat3°l'S.
Aracay, or Aracas, r. enters the Orinoco opposite
Ciudad Real.
Aracena, t. Spain, in Andalusia, in the Sierra
Morena, 30 m. N. N. W. SeviUe.
Arachova, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, 6 m. N.
Salona. Aracka. See Herakli.
Araco, r. Chili, runs into the Pacific ocean. Lat
27° 9' S, ,
Arad-Varmegye, county, Hungary, 48 m, long,
and from 9 to 14 broad. It has 6 market towns,
41 villages, 6 Catholic, and 42 Greek parishes.
Pop, in 1787, with Uie county of Sarand, 152,930.
Arad, Old, t. Hungary, on the Marosch, cap. of
Arad county. Near it is the castle of Araii, now
in ruins. Here is held the chief catUe market in
the kingdom, which is frequented by drovers from
Vienna, and other parts of Germany. 24 m. N.
Temeswar, and 195 S. E. Presburg.
Arad, New, is aJso on the Marosch, about 2.}
m. from the old town, on the opposite side of the
river. Lon. 21° 3' E. Lat, 46° 11' N.
Arcul, or Ennebbi Salcecldi, one of the Bahhrein
islands, in the gulf of Persia.
Aradi, i. A. Turkey, in NatoUa, 10 m. N. W.
Kats8unoni. '
Arafat Mount, Arabia, 15 m. S, E. Mecca,
held in veneration by the Mahometans, cind one
principal object of their pilgrimages to that city.
Arafaxa, t. Sweden, in West Bothnia, on the
Tornea, 32 m. N. Tornea.
Aragua, t. South .\merica, in Cumana, Also a
river of Paraguay.
Araguaia, r. Brazil, in Para, enters the Toccan
tins. Araguaya, r, Brazil, separates Uie province of
Matto Grosso from that of Goiaz, and runs into
the Toccantins in lat, 6° S.
Araguita, Santo Domingo de,t S. America, in
Cumana, 3 leagues S, E, New Barcelona,
Aragwi, the Arragon of the ancients, r. Geor
gia, falls into the Kur near Teflis,
Arahal, v, Spain, in Andalusia, 27 m, E, N, E,
Seville, Araiche, el, or Larache, s-p. Morocco, at the
raouth of tiie river El Kos. It was formerly a
town of considerable trade, but in 1780 the empe
ror Seedy Mahomed issued orders for all Europe-

ARA

ARA

53

ans to quit the town, aud it has ever since remain
ed shut against them. The eraperor's larger vessels
generally winter here. Pop. 3,000. Lat 35° 1 I'N.
Arakeery, t. Hind, in Mysore, 8 m, fr. Seringa
patam. Aral, lake, in independent Tartary, about 160
m, long and 60 broad. The water is salt, and it
receives many rivers, one of which is Uie Oxus,
after a course of 950 miles. It has no comrauni-
eation with the sea, yet does not overflow its
banks. Aram, t, Arabia, 38 m. N. E. Chamir. '
Aramaghaneh, t Persia, with a fort, in Azerbi
jan, Aramaseheva, t. Siberia, 90 m. S, Tobolsk.
Aramits, t. S. France, in the Lower Pyrenees.
Pop. 1,050. 9 leagues S, W- Pau,
Aramo, t. and fort. Chili, near the Pacific, 30
m. S. La Conception.
Aramont, t. France, on the Rhone. Pop. 2,200.
in the Gard, 54 leagues E. by N, of Nismes.
Arampali, t Hind, in Madura, formerly cele
brated for its manufactures, employing 2000
looms. Aran, t. Persia, in Irak, 100 m, N, Ispahan.
Aranas, r, Spain, runs into the Agra, 2 m, below
Pampeluna. Arance, v, France, in. the Ain, 7 leagues S. E.
Bourg, Aranda de Duero, t, on the Duero, Spain, in
Burgos, 35 ra. S, Burgos, and 90 N. Madrid. Pop,
3,600. Aranda de Ebro, t and castle, Spain, in Arra
gon, on tile Xalon, 19 m. N. W. Calatayud.
Arandon, v. France, in the Isere, 14 leagues N.
by E. Grenoble.
Arandore, t. Ceylon, 22 m. S, S. W. Candy.
Arang, t. on the E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 116°
30'E.Lat 1°33'S.
Aranha, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 12 m, N.
E. Leyria.
Aranjuez, t, and royal palace, Spain, on the
Tagus, 30 ra. S, Madrid, During part of the
year it is the residence of the court. The town ia
buUt in conformity to a model laid down by gov
ernment, who make over lots of ground to those >
who undertake to build according to the prescri
bed plan. Broad and parallel streets, with fine
pavements, intersect each other at right angles.
The houses are two stories high, painted white,
with green doors and window-shutters, and double
rows of trees planted before them. The high
road from Aranjuez to Madrid is constructad on
the model of the ancient Roman roads, and each
mile is said to have cost 33,250 /, sterling. Pop, of
the town during the residence of the court, about
10,000. Arannos, t. in Spanish Navarre, 9 m, from St
Estevan. Aranta, port in Peru, 60 ra. S. W. Arequipa.
Aranyos, Great and Little, two rivers in 'Tran
sylvania, unite at St. Kirati, and flow into the
Marosch, above St Emmerick.
Araparipucu, t Brazil,, on au arm of the Am
azon, 170 m, W, S. W. Para.
Arapecuma, r. Guiana, runs S. into the Araa-
zon near the strait of Paxis.
Arapijo, t, Brazil, in Para, on the Amazon, 18
m. W. S. W. Curupu.
Arapucu, r, Brazil, in Para, enters the Amazon
at its mouth.
Araques, tf Spain, in Arragon, 12 m, N, N, W,
Jaca. ' ¦• ¦¦; I.-*' ,-¦ ;¦ '•'-¦ .¦

Araquil, t. Spain, in Navarre, 13 m. W. Pam
peluna. Ararat, a lofty mountain of Armenia, 60 m, S.
E, Erivan. It is venerated by the Armenians,
from a belief that Noah's ark rested on it. Height
9,500 feet,
Ararat, or Pilot Mt N, C, on the N. side of
Yadkin r, near Salem, It rises like a pyramid,
several thousand feet high, with an' area of an
acre at tiie top,from which it shoots up Uke a steeple
300 feet high, and 100 in diameter at the base, and
terminates in a flat surface. It is seen at 70 miles
distance ; and served the Indians for a beacon or
pilot in their routes,
Arari, r, Brazil, in Para, runs S. into the At
lantic, opposite the island of Tamarca,
Arariba, r. Brazil, enters the sea near Pernam
buco. Aras, or Eris, t. Persia, in Schirvan, 60 ra. N.
Sohamaghie, 130 m. S. S. E, Teflis.
Aras, r. Asia, rises in Armenia, 20 m. S, of Er-
zerura, and joins the Kur, in about 48° 30' E, lon,-
40° 5' N, lat. 60 m. from the Caspian sea,
Arasa, mountain, Arabia, in Hedsjas, S. E.
Mecca. Araseng, t Persia, in Irak, 30 m. S. Casbin.
Arassie, t. Italy, in the territory of Genoa, now
belonging to Piedmont. Here travellers hire ves
sels for different ports of Italy. 5 m. S. W. Alben
ga. Lat 44° 4' N.
Arathapescow. See Athapescow.
Araticu, r. Para, in Brazil, flows into the Ama^
zon at its mouth.
Aratura, r. S. America, rises in the raountains
of Itamaca, and enters the mouth of the Orinocoj
on the S. bank. It is navigable about 10 leagues.
Arau, t. Switzerland, in the canton of Aargau,
on the Aarau. It has manufactures of linen, cot
ton, and silk. It has been commonly chosen for
the general assembly of the protestant cantons,
and was at different times the seat of the Helvetic
government 30 m. N. N. E.Berne. Pop. 2,000.
Aravaeourchy. See Arrivacourchy.
Arauca, r. in Casaticas, S. America, falls into
the Apure r. near its junction with the Orinoco.
Araucanians, a barbarous nation of Indians in
ChiU, who inhabit the country between the riv
ers Biobio and Valdivia, and between the Andes
and sea, extending from 36° 44' to 39° 50' of S. lat.
They are enthusiastically attached to their inde
pendence, and are the implacable enemies of the
Spaniards, who have never been able to subject
them. For two centuries a succession of wars has
been carried on between them and the Spaniards,
interrU|kted only by occasional treaties.
Aravita, t. Spain, 40 ra, E, Cordova,
Araure, city, S. America, in Venezuela, on tiie
Acarigua, N. N. E. Truxillo,
Arawari, r, S. America, in Guiana, falls into the
Atlantic. By the peace of 1801, it was made the
boundary between French and Portuguese Gui
ana. AramU, t. Hind, in Candeish, 6 m, S. E. Chu-
prah. Araxa, r, Spain, runs into- the Orio at Tolosa.
Araxi,r, Brazil, in Paraiba, flows into theMon-
gagnaba. Aray, or AoTeidh, r, Scotland, Argyle co. falls
into the sea at the head of Loch Fyne.
Araya, Sdritiaga de, point, on the coast of Cu
mana, S,- America, -vdhere there are salt works.
Lon 64° 20' W.
.ifOga, r, Peru, rises in the Andes of Ciichoa, in

54

ARC

Pomabamba, and falls by various mouUis into the
Amazon. Arbaejn, t. Arabia, 12 m. N. Zebid,
Arbejor Arba, isl, in the gulf of Quarnero, in
the Adriatic, about 30 m, in circuit. Pop, 4,000.
Arba, the chief town, contains l,400^inhabitauts.
Arbeca, t and castie, Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m,
E, Lerida.
Arbegen, t, 'Transylvania, 7 m. N. Stoltzeuberg,
Arbestaal, t. Austria, 6 m. N. Brugg.
Arbica,t Spain, in Navarro, 30 m, W, N, W.
Pampeluna. Arbil. See Erbil:
Arbirlot, v. Scotland, in Forfar en. on the sea-
eoast. Its mineral well is resorted to successfully
in rheumatic and scorbutic cases. Pop. 1,014,
Arbis, V, France, in Uie Gironde, 7 leagues S,
E. Bordeaux,
Arboga, t. Sweden, in Westmannland, Pop,
1,200,~ It stands on a navigable river, and a ca
nal connects it with Stockholm, and with Orebro,
The chief objects of trade are saddlery and iron,
65 m. W, Stockholm,
Arbois, t. France ; the birth-place of Piche-
gru, 7 leagues N, E. Lons-le-Saulnier. Lon, 6°
51'^, Lat 46° 54' N, Pop, 6,420.
Arboletes, Cienega de los, port, S, America, in
Carthagena, Arbon, t. Swiss canton of Thurgau, on the lake
Constance, the capital of a district. 7 ra. N, St,
Gall. • Arbone, t Arabia, in Hedsjas. 100 ra. N. W.
Mecca. Arboreda del Norte, 2 isis, on the coast of Bra
zil ; one is in the province of Rey, N. Santa Cata-
lina. Arbos, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 4 leagues from
Tarragona, Arbovcave, t France, in the Landes, 12 m, S,
E. St Sever, 13 E, N, E, Orthez.
Arbra, t. Sweden, in Helsinglaud, 24 m. N. W,
Soderhamm, Arbresle, or La Bresle, t France, at the junction
oftheJardine and Brevenne, 8 m, from Lyons.
Pop, 870,
Arbroath. See Aberbrothock.
Area, t. A, Turkey, in Marasch, 20 m, W. Ma
latia. Arcabey, t W. coast St. Domingo, 16 m. N. Cul
de Sac.
.4rcadia, in Greece, a mountainous province in
the Morea, celebrated in ancient song as the seat
of pastoral innocence and happiness, 'The present
town of Arcadia is in the Morea, 40 m, N, W,
Misitra, Lon, 21° 34' E, Lat. 37° 22' N.
Arcanato, t. Italy, 18 m. W. Milan.
Arcdno, t Italy, in Friuli, 11 m, W. Udina,
Areas, isl. one of the archipelago of the Bissag'os,
near the mouth of the Rio Grande, on the W,
coasp of Africa. Lon, 14° 4' W, Lat. 11° 8' N,
Areas, islands or rocks near the coast of Yuca
tan, in the guU'of Mexico. Lon. 92° 24' W, Lat,
20° 12' N.
Arcasson, bay on the S, W, coast of France, iu
the Gironde,
Arceles, t. France, in Uie Eastern Pyrenees, 12
m. S, E. Perpignan.
Arc-en- Barrois, t France, on the Saugean, in
Marne. Pop. 1,770. 44 leagues S. W. phau-
raont, Arces, t France, in the Lower Charente, 6
leagues S, W, Saintes.

ARC
Arch, V, in the Swiss canton of Berne. Lon'-
10° 47' E. Lat 45° 53' N.
Archaivra, or Fivagoe, t. on the coast of Hindos-
stan, 30 m, S, .Severndroog,
Archangel, or Archangelskoe, govemraentin the
northern part of Russia. It lies under an inclem
ent sky, where the suminer is short, and the win
ter of uncommon severity. In the northern parts,
the ground is entirely destitute of vegetation, with
the exception of a few hardy shrubs. The princi
pal wealth oftlie country lies in its fisheries, which
extend along the wliole coast. Pop, 115,0(10. Ex-
lent, 356,400 square miles.
Archangel, cap. of the above, is at the mouth of
the Dwina, a few mUes from the White sea. It is
much frequented by the traders of all nations, par
ticularly by the English, the Dutch, and the inhab
itants of Bremen and Hamburg. Its trade received
a shock on the erection of St. Petersburg into a
commercial town by Peter I. In 176.;, it was en
dowed with all the rights and privileges possessed
by St. Petersburg ; yet it has never regained its
prosperity. Archangel contains the chief deposit
of foreign articles destined for Siberia. Pop. in its.
flourishing state, 30,000 ; at present, from 5 to
7000. 400 m. N. E. tat. Petersburg.
Archangelsk, a copper work of Russia, in Oxen-
burg', on the Aksina. It employs nearly 500 work
men, and yields about 240,000 lbs, a year. Lon,
30° 44' E, Lat 48° 30' N,
Archangelskoy, 2 towns in Russia ; one 124 m.
N, N. E. Kostroma ; the other 90 m. N. E. Vol
ogda. I'Arche, t. France, in the Lower Alps, on the
borders of Piedmont Pop. 800. 6 m. S. W.
Brive, Archer, t Harrison co. Ohio, 4 m. N. Cadiz,
Pop. 611.
Arches, v. France, on the left bank of the Maese,
a raile from Charleville in the Rhetelois.
Arches, v. France, on the MoseUe, dep. of the
Vosges, 12 leagues S, E. Nancy.
Archi, t, Naples, in Abruzzo Citrau 8 m, S.
Lanciano, Archiac, t, France, in the Lower Charente, 8
leagues S, E. Saintes, Pop, 1,540.
Archidona, t. Spain, ob the W. frontier of Gra
nada. Pop, 5,000, 9 ra. E. Antequera.
Archidona, city, Quito, In 1744 it was almost
ruined by an explosion of the volcano of Cotopaxi.
80 m. S. E. Quito.
Archingey, t. France, in the Lower Charente.
3 leagues S. W. St. Jean d'Angely.
Archinto, t. Upper Italy, iu the territory of
Como, witii the tiUe of a county.
Archipelago.  This term is applied to any
tract of sea, abounding in small islands, and more
particulai-ly to the ,Sgean sea, or that part of the
Mediterranean between the coasts of Asia Minor
and Greece.
Archipelago af the Great Cyclades. See New
Hebrides. Archipelago of the Reclierche, several groups of
islands, rocks, and shoals, on the S. coastof New
HoUand, betwei n 34° and 34° 30' S. L.at. and 121°
3ff to 123° 20' E, I>m.
./IrrhiirinnilySea, communicates with Hudson's
bay, through Hazard gulf,
Arcidosso, t. grand duchy of Tuscany, in thelow»
er province of Sienna,
Arcisa, or Arcisata, t, Italy, iu the duchy of Mi
lan, near the source of the Olona, 10 m, W, Como,

ARD
Arcis-sur-Aube, t, France, on Uie Aube, in the
department of the Aube. It has manufactures of
worsted stockings and caps. It suffered consider
ably in the carapaign of 1814. 61eagues N, Troyes.
Pop. 2,320.
Arco, or .irch, t. on the Sarca, on the confines
of Tyrol, towards Italy. It gives name to a coun
try or dlsti-ict which comprehends 18 villages and
hamlets, and now forms part of tiie Lombardo-Ve
netian kingdom. The town is 12 m, W, Trent,
Pop. 2,700.
Area, t. Sicily, in Uie Valdi Nolo, 5 m. N. Nolo,
Arcoe, isl, in the straits of Malacca. Lon, 100°
35' E. Lat 2° 5 1' N,
Arcole, v. Italy, in the Veronese, 15 m. S. E.
Verona. .ircolo, or Fering-Petter, v. Hind, in Canaros,
on the N. bank of Uie Mangalore.
.ircona, v. on the islandofRugen, in the Baltic,
20 m, N. Bergen,
.^rconcey, v. France, in the Cote d'Or, 10
leagues W. Dijon.
Arcos, or Areosde la Frontera, t. Spain, in Anda
lusia, on the Guadaletta. Pop. 12,000. It is the
residence of a vicar-general of the njetropolitan
of Seville. 40 m. S. Seville. Lon. 5° 55' W, Lat
36° 4ff N.
Arcos, t. Spain, in Old Castile, on the Xalon, 9
m. above Medina Cell.
Arcos, t. Portugal, in Beira, 12 m. S. S. E. Pes-
quiera. .ircos, los, t Sjjain, in Navarre, 13m, S. EsteUa,
Arcos d( ~ ' ' ~ ^
e Minho.

ARD

55

Areosde P'aldl

main, i;
'Wes, t.

Portugal, iu Entre Douro

Arcot, district, Hind, formerly an independent
state, but transferred by the nabob to the British
in 1801.
Arcot, city, Hind, cap, of the Carnatic, on the
Palar ; 73 m, W. S. W. Madras, 217 E. Seriiiga-
pat<.m. Lon. 79° 29' E. Lat 12° 52' N.
Arcs, les, t France, in the Var, near the left
bank of the Argens, 13 leagues N. E. Toulon.
Arc-sur-Tille, v. France, in the Cote d'Or, 3
leagues from Dijon.
Arcueil, v.. France, 24 m, from Paris, Here is
the aqueduct laid in 1624, by Mary of Medicis, to
convey water from Rongis to Paris ; 200 toises
long, consisting of 20 arches.
Arcy, or Airy, t, France, in the Yonne, on the
Curef, 4 leagues S, S.,E, Auxerre,
Ard, r. Germany, rises near Wehen, in the
duchy of Nassau, and runs into the Lalin at Dietz,
Ardacker, or Ardagger, t Lower Austria, on the
,Danube, 10m,,S.,W. Ips,
Ardagh, t Ireland, 5 m, S. E. Longford,
Ardal, t. Norway, ,above 70 m, N. Christiana.
, Ardales. See Hardales.
Ardanondjie, t Turkish Ai-menia, 40 m. N.
Kars, 90 N. E. Erzerum. Lon. 43° 45' E. Lat.
40° 44' N.
Ardatov, t. A, Russia, on the Alatyr, 128 ra, W.
Simbirsk, Ardatow, t. Russia, Pop. 780. 90 m, W, Sim
birsk. Ardatmo, t. Russia, 60 m. S. S. W. Nishnei No-
vogorod. Lon. 43° 4' E. Lat 50° 2ff N.
. Ardbraccan, v. Ireland, Meath co. Pop. 4,126.
Ardebil, Little, t, Persia, in Fars, 64 ra. N. Chir
raz. Ardecan, t Persia, in Irak, 15 ra. S. S. W. Gner
den, 140 E, Ispahan,
, ^rde'che, r. France, falls into the Rhone, 4 m,
above Pont St. Esprit

Ardeche, department, France, bounded E, by
the Rhone ; S. by the Gard ; W. by Lozere and
Upper Loire ; N, W. by Loire ; and N. E. by
Isere. It contains 2,376 square miles. Pop, in
1816, 284,743.
Ardee, t. Ireland, Louth co, 35 m, N, W, Dub
Un. Arden, Point, on the N. W. coast of Admiralty
Island, in Stephen's passage. Lon. 226° 1' E. Lat.
58° 9' N.
Ardenelle, or Urdankully, t. Hind, in Coimbe-
tore, 47 m. S. E. Seringapatam.
Ardenne, t France, in the Deux-Sevres. H6re
are quarries, of black, white, and red marble.
.Ardennes, a forest in France, iu the department
of Ardennes.
Ardennes, department in France, bounded N.
by Netherlands, E. by Meuse, W. by Aisne, and
S. by Marne, containing 1,029,189 square acres,
and 346,000 inhabitants. Its riches lie in its for
ests, its pastures, and its cattle.
Ardenno, t. Italy, in the ValteUne, 5 m. N, E.
Morbegno, Ardensan, t A. Turkey, iu Aladulia, 38 m. N.
W. Arzingan.
Ardero, t, Calabria Ultra, in Naples, 7 m, S.
Gierace. Ardes, t. France, in the Puy de Dome, the place
of tralfic between Upper andLower Auvergne. 10
leagues S, Cleremont-Ferrand, Pop, 1,640.
Ardesh, t Armenia, on the Aras, 15 m. S, Eri
van, Ardes-Lays, t, France, in the Vendee, 4 leagues
W. S. W, Mauleon.
Ardevil, or Ardebil, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 56
m. N. E, Tabriz, Lon, 48° 6' E. Lat. 38° 15' N.
Ardfert, t Ireland, Kerry co. The town is gov
erned by a port-reeve, and 12 burgesses, 4 m, N.
W. Tralce, 50 from Limerick, 144 from DubUn.
Ardjinnan, v. Ireland, Tipperary co, on tlie
Suir, 6 m. N. W, Clonmel,
Ardglass, s-p. Ireland, Down co. 5 m. S. "E.
Downpatrick. Ardia, t. Italy, in the Campagnfi di Roma, on a
river, near the Mediterranean, 5 m, S. Albano.
Ardiere, r. France, in Ain, falls into the Saone,
near Belleville.
Ardila, r. Spanish Estremadura, discharges. it
self into the Guadiana, near Moura, in Portugal.'
Ardillats, les, t. France, in the Rhone. Pop.
IjOOO, SleaguesN. W, Ville-Franche.
Ardingay, or Ardingy, t. Hind, in the Carnatic,
44 m. S. W. Tanjore.
. Ardingay, t. Hind, in Marawar, 20 m, S. E.
Trumian, Ardts, t A. Turkey, on a branch of the Tigris,
30 m. N, N, W, Diarbekir,
¦ Ardisfan, t Persia, in Irak, 80 m, N. E, Ispa
han, Ardivoran Head, theN, end of North Uist, Lon.
70° 20' W. Lat. 57° 41' N. 4
Ardmore, v. Ireland, Waterford co. on the bay
of Ardmore, 7 m. S. W, Dungarvon,
Ardmore Head, a cape on the W, coast of the
island of Skyo, Lon. 6° 38' W. Lat. 61° 37' N.
Ardmoy, v. Ireland, Antrim co. on the river
Bush,'8 m. N. E, Ballymoney.
Ardmurkemish Bay, on the W, coast of Scotland.
Lon. 5° 54' W. Lat 56° 28' N.
Ardnagla-is Bay, on the W. coast of Ireland, 6
m. S.W, Sligo, Lon. 8° 30' W. Lat. 54° 16'N.
Ardoch, V. Scotland, Perthshire, 8 m. N. Dum-
blane.

56

ARE

Ardore, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 6 m, S,
Gierace, Ardoye, t, Netherlands, near Bruges. Pop,
3*900. . ¦
Ardra, or Ardrah, territory, W. Africa, on the
coast of Guinea, immediately E. of 'Whydah.
The king was forinerly very powerful ; but early
in the last, century was reduced to complete sub
jection by the king of I)ahoraey. Ardra, the cap
ital, is a large city, about 40 railes inland, on the
W. bank of tiie Euphrates. Lon. 1° 52' E. Lat
eo36'N. Ardre, or Ardres, a small but Well fortified town,
in France, 6 ra. fr. Calais, It is a barrier fortress
on the side of the Netherlands,
Ardre, r. France, joins the Loire near its
mouth. It is navigable for small vessels,
Ardrossan, s-p, Scotland, Ayrshire, resorted to
for sea bathing. It has a safe and spacious har
bor, constructed at great expense. Pop. 2,526.
1 m. N. Saltcoats.
Ardsche. See Argieh.
Ardesillas, v. Ireland, Clare co, 13 ra. fr. Lim
erick, Ardstinchar, or Stinchar, r, Scotland, falls into
the sea at Ballantrae,
Ardstraw, v. and parish, Ireland, Tyrone co, 6
m. S. Strabane, 94 fr, Dublin. Pop, 18,122.
Ardvert, t. France, on the coast of the Lower
Charente. Pop. 2,600. 64 leagues W. Saintes.
Areb, or Arrab, two villages, on opposite sides
of the Nile, in Nubia, 10 m. N. Derri.
Arebico, t. Porto Rico, 30 m. fr. St. John.
Arebo, or Arbon, t. Benin, on the Formosa, 60
m. above its mouth : a centre for the trade of the
country, Lon. 6° 8' E. Lat 5° 58' N.
Arech, or Hareuch, fort, Syria, 12 m. fr. An
tioch. '
Arecive, t. Buenos Ayres, 120 m. N. W. Buenos
Ayres. Areck. See Larek.
" Areco, v. Buenos Ayres, on a river, 24 leagues
ir. Buenos Ayres.
Arecusa, t Japan, in Niphon, 10 m. N. W.
Jeddo. Ared, El, a ridge of mountains in Arabia De
serta. Aregh, or Arrack, t. Hind, in Vjsiapour, 10 m,
E. Merritch, Lon, 75° 11' JE, Lat, 16° 56' N,
Aregno, v, Corsica, 24 leagues E, Calvi, 94 W.
by N, Bastia,
Areito, r. S, America, in Cumana, enters the
Guarapiche. -
Arelat, was the name of a kingdom which com
prehended Dadphin^, Provence, Burgundy, Sa
voy, and the west of Switzerland ; and was some
times caUed the kingdom of Burgundy, It ex
isted in the 9th century, and has long been united
to the French crown : except Savoy, and the
portion belonging to Switzerland.
' Aremberg, a small principality of Germany, on
the Eiffel, lying between Cologne, Juliers, and
Blankenheim, and now included in the grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, which belongs to
Prussia. Pop, 3,000, Revenue, 30,000 florins,
Aremberg, v, in the foregoing principality, 26
m, S, Cologne. Pop, 200, '
Aren, r. S, America, in Cumana, enters Uie
G uarapiche. Arena, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 16 m. E,
Nicotera. Arena, i: Sicily, falls into the Mediterranean
near Mazznra.

A R E
Areiia, v. Abyssinia, at the bottom of the bay
of Howakil. A factory of Somanli traders car
ry on here considerable comraerce.
Arenal, t, S, America, 66 m. N, Tucuman.
Arenas Bahia de, bay on the coast of the sb-aits
of Magellan. Also, three points or capes, one on
the coast of Maracaibo, another on the W. coast
of S, America, in the bay of Guayaquil, opposite
the island La Puna, between the 2d an(} 3d de
grees of S, lat ; and another on the coast of Ter
ra del Fuego.
Arenas Gondas, Cape de las, on the E, coast of
Patagonia, Lat, 38° S.
Arendal, or Amdal, t Norway, on a river, in
Christiansand, near the sea. The river here is
navigable for vessels of considerable size. Its
trade is chiefly in wood. Iron mines are wrought
in the. neighbourhood.
Arendmk, t, Netherlands. The inhabitants
support themselves in part by training hawks.
Here are manufactures of wooUen and linen
cloth, and stockings. Pop. 2,850, , 6 m. E. Twin-
hout, Ardensee, t. and baiUwick, in the Old Mark of
Brandenburg, in Prussia, 18 m. N. W. Stendal.
Lon, 11° 35' E. Lat 52° 47' N .
Arenoe, isl. in the North sea, near the coast of
Norway. Lat 70° 6' N.
Arens, t. and castie, Spain, in Arragon, on the
confines of Catalonia.
Arens de Mar, or Santa Maria de Ariens, t.
Spain, on the coast of Catalonia, 12 leagues fr.
Gerona. It has manufactures ftif anchors, silk
and cotton stockings, and other stuffs. Pop. 3,500.
Arensberg, t. Germany, on the Roer, capital of
the duchy of Westphalia, and of tiie county of
Arensherg in particular. It has a castie, aud
2535 inhabitants. 40 m. S. S. E. Munster.
.Arensberg, v. Holstein, 16 m. N. E. Hamburgh.
Arensberg, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Mecklenburg, 8 m. S. Strelitz.
Arensburg, t. island of Osel, in the Baltic, be
longing to Livonia. Pop. l,4(Xt, Germans, Rus
sians, and Esthonians. It is the capital of the
circle of the same name in the government of
Riga, which comprehends the islands of Oesel
and Moen. It -svas taken by the Russians in 1710,
and has remained in their possession since the
peace of Nystadt 96 m. S, W, Revel,
Arensdorf, v, in the Midcjle Mark of Branden
burg, circle of Lebus, belonging to the university
of Frankfort on the Oder. Also, a viUage in the
Mark of Priegnitz.
Arenswalde, t. in the circle of the same name,
in the New Mark of Brandenburg, Pop, 2, 150,
94 m, N, E. Beriin,
Arenusa, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 16 m. W.
St, Severina,
Arequipa, province, Peru, bounded N. by Col-
laguas, E. by Lampa, S. by Moquehua and Arica,
W. by the Pacific.
Arequipa, cap. of the above, one of Uie largest
towns in Peru, containing about 40,000 inliabi
tants. The houses are well built of stone, and
va.ulted. It has been four times laid in ruins by
earthquakes. 217 leagues S. E. Lima, 50 N. Ari
ca. Lon. 71° 58' W. Lat. 16° 16' S.
Ares, t in the county of Tyrol, 11m, S. W.
Tyrol. Aresche, v. France, in the Jura, 24 m. E. Ar
bois, Areskula, t, Sweden, in Jamtland, 50 m. N. W.
Fro'om.

A R G

A R G

Aresso, t. Spain, in Navarre, district of Pampe
luna. Arevalillo, r. Spain, in Old Castile, falls into
the Adaja.
Arevalo, v. Spain, in Old Castile, between the
Adaja and Arevalillo. Pop. 2,600 18 m. S. E.
Medina del Campo.
Aresso, t in Uie grand duchy of Tuscany, at
the influx of the Chiana into the Arno, Pop,
8,000. 26 m. E. N, E. Sienna, 34 S, E , Florence,
Lon. 11° 60' E, Lat, 43° 28' N,
Arf ara, one of tiie Shetland islands, near the S,
coast of Yell. Lon. 1° 20' W. Lat 60° 47' N.
ArfeuUle, v. France, in the AUier, 12 leagues
S.E.MouUns. Argana, Argenah, or Hargana, t A, Turkey,
cap, of a district in Diarbekir, It is on the side of
a mountain, with streets so steep that a stranger
can walk with difficulty ; and the roads ascending
the mountain are dangerous, Lon, 39° 20' E,
Lat 38° 15' N.
Argana, t A. Turkey, 18 m. S. S. W. Erze
rum. Argancy, t France, in the Moselle, 9 ra. S. Thi-
onviUe, 6 N. Metz.
Arganda, t Spain, in New Castile. Pop. 600.
4 leagues fr. Madrid.
Arganil, t. Portugal, in Beira. Pop. 1,100. 16
m. E. Coirabra.
Argao, t on the E. coast of Zebu, one of the
PhiUppine islands. Lon. 123° 39' E. Lat 10°
18' N.
Argarossa, r. Savoy, runs into the Isere, 3 ra, N,
W. Moutiers.
Argasch, t Russia, in Simbrisk.
Arge, t. Arabian Irak, on the Tigris, 170 ra, N,
W. Bassora,
Argeles, v, France, in the eastern Pyrenees, 5
leagues S. E. Perpignan. Pop. 1,360.
Argeles, or Argeler, v. France, in the Upper Py
renees. Pop. 850. 7 leagues S. W. Tarbes.
Argen, r. Upper Suabia, falls into the lake of
Constance, S. Bregentz.
Argence, v. France, in Calvados, 64 leagues E.
S. E. Caen.
Argens, t France, on the canal of Languedoc,
dep. of the Aude, 4 leagues W. N. W. Narbonne.
Argens, v. France, in the Lower Alps, 20
leagues N. E. Aix.
Argens, r. France, runs into th,e Mediterranean
near Frejus.
Argent, v. France, in Cher, on the Saudre, ,17
leagues N. Bourges. Pop. 1,050.
Argentac, or Argentat, t. France, on the Dor
dogne, in Correze, 12 m. S. E. TuUe.
Argentan, t. Lower Normandy, on the Orn. It
is the birth place of Mezeray. Pop. in 1815,
5,683. 4 leagues S. Falaise, about 44 W. Paris,
Argentaro, the ancieut Scardus, a ridge of
mountains in European Turkey, which separates
Bulgaria from Macedonia.
Argenteau, t. Netherlands, in the duchy of Lira-
burg, 6 m. W. Dalem.
Argentera, Cape, on the W. coast of Sardinia.
Argenteuil, t France, on the right bank of the
Seine, two leagues fr. Paris. The neighbouring
quarries yield good gypsum, whichis mostiy trans
ported to Normandy. Pop. 4,760.
Argenteuil, t France, in the Yonne, on the Ar-
mancbn. Pop. 1,000. 8 m. S. Tounerre,
Argenteuil, seigniory, York co. Lower Canada,
on N. side of the Ottaway, 35 m, W, Albntreal.

8

Argenthal, t, iu the grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 40 ra. E, Treves,
Argentiera, or Kimoli, the ancieut Cimolus, isl,
in the Archipelago, belonging to the government
of the capudan-pacha. 'The island is covered with
a chalk called Cimolian earth, used in the wash
ing and bleaching of linen, Lon, 24° 42' E, LaJ,
36° 47' N,
Argentiera, t Italy, in Cadorin, 11 m. N. N, W.
Cadora, Argentiere, t. France, in Ardeche, ou the
Eigne, Pop, 2,000 7 leagues W, Viviers,
Argentiere, or Argentine, t. on the Arc, Mauri-
enne co, in Savoy. Pop. 900. It has lead mines,
and an iron forge. 4 leagues N. by W. St Jean
de Maurienne.
Argentiere, Col d', a mountain of the Alps, in.
the county of Saluzzo, in Piedmont, across which
there is a pass from Barcellonette, in France, to
Coni in Italy. The village of Argentiere Ues in
the valley of the Stura.
Argentieres, v. France, in Upper Alps, 94
leagues N. E, Gap.
Argentina, t, Naples, in Calabria Citra, at the
foot of the Appenines, 10 m, S, W. Visignano.
Argenton, t. France, on the Creuse, in Indre.
Pop. 3,400. 15 m, S. S, W. Chateauroux.
Argenton-le-Chateau, t. France, in Deux-Sev
res, 4 leagues W. Thouars, Pop. 880.
Argenton I'Eglise, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 2
leagues N. Thouars. Pop. 780.
Argentre-sous Laval, t. France, in Mayenne, on
the Jouan, 2 leagues E. Laval. JPop. 1,650.
Argentre-sous Vitre,t. France, in the Ille and Vi
laine, 9 leagues E, Rennes, Pop. 2,300.
Argia. See Argos.
Argieh, or Ardsche, v. Bagdad, on the left bank
of the Euphrates, 25 ra, N. Sura.
Argilly, t. France, in Cote d'Or, '6 leagues S.
Dijon. Argisch, t. Wallachia, near the frontiers of
Transylvania, 50 m. S, E. Hermannstadt,
Argisch, r. rises in the mountains between Wal
lachia and Transylvania, 10 m, S. E. Hermann
stadt, and after passing by Kordedeardi, Piteszti,
and Butroi, joins the Danube near Mireni,
Argisch, the ancient Arses, t. Armenia, in Van,
on the N, W, side of lake Van or Arsis, opposite
Van, Lon. 43° E, Lat, 38° 40' N,
Argite, isl, in the gulf of Egina, 16 m- E, Egina,
Argjun, Argina, Arga Tau, or Arkaula, moun
tains of Tartary, N, E. Cashgar, wliich terminate
near Tashkund, on the river Sihon.
Ardore, t. Hind, in' the Carnatic, 16 m. S. W.
TiagS. Argob, in Sac. Geog. a country in Bashan, con
taining 60 towns,
Argol, V. France, in Fiuisterre, 7 leagues N. N.
W. Quiinper.
Argon. See Formosa.
Argonda, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m. N. W.
Chittoor. Argonne, a woody tract in France, 20 leagues in
length, in the departments of the Maese, the
Marne, ai^d the Ariennes.
Argos, kingdom of the Peloponnesus, on the
gulf of Napoli di Roma/iia. It constitutes, with
Corinth and Sicyon, the province of Saccania or
Romania Minor. Argos, the chief t stands on
the Nacho, and its pop. is 10,000. Lon, 22° 47' E.
Lat 37° 48' N.
Argostoli, chief t. of the island of Cephalonia.
Pop. 5,000. Its harbor is the best in the island. It

58

A R I

has dock-yards, and the fiotilla is one of the larg
est in the Archipelago, The ancient name was
Cranii, 8 m. W. S, W. Cephalonia.
Argouge, t. France, in La Manche, 12 m. S.
Avrauches. Arguedas, t Spain, in Navarre, 7 m, fr, Tudela.
Afgueil, V, France, in Lower Seine, 7 leagues
N, E, Rouen.
Arguello, Point, on the W. coast of N. Ameri
ca, in New Albion. Lon, 239° 46' E, Lat, 34°
38' N.
Arguenon, r. France, runs into the sea near St.
Malo. Arguin, isl. in a gulf on the W, ooast of Africa,
the ancient Cerne, at which Hanno founded a
colony. The gulf contains stock fish, and the
best species of turtle, Lon. 16° 20' W. Lat 20°
23' N.
Argun, Argan, or Ergon, i, Tartary, rises from
lake Dailai, or Koulon-Nor, in 119° 14' E. lon,
and 49° N. lat. in the country of the Mongols. It
IS considered to be the original source of the river
Amur, which river is formed of its stream and of
that of the Schilka, in lon. 121° 14' E, lat 53° N.
It is the boundeiry between Russia and China,
from the source to its mouth, 180 m. E. Nerts-
chinsk. Argunskoi, t. and fort, Siberia, in Irkhutsk, on
the W. bank of the Argun, 162 m. from its mouth,
177 E. Nertschink, It carries on a considerable
trade ; but tiie climate is so cold, that the summer
heat penetrates the earth very superficially.
Near it are valuable silver mines, Lon, 120° 14'
E. Lat 50° 50' N.
Argyle, or Argyll, a maritime co. on the W.
coast of Scotiand, bounded N, by Inverness-shire,
E, by the counties of Perth and Dumbarton, S. by
the Irish sea and the river Clyde, and W. by the
Atlantic ocean. It embraces numerous islands,
and its shores abound with deep bays and inlets,
in which the herring fishery is prosecuted with
great success. A large portion of the county con
sists of heath, rocks, and mountains. Many valu
able minerals are found, such as lead, copper, and
iron. There is a profusion of beautiful marble,
of different colours, which is susceptible of the
highest polish ; and inexhaustible quarries of fine
blue slate, which is exported in ship loads. The
lands are adapted for grazing; and numbers of
black cattie are reared, aud sent to the market of
the low countries, Argyleshire is divided into 6
districts; Argyle, Cowal, Kintyre, Lorn, Islay,
and Mull. Pop. 85,585; families 17,368: of
which there are occupied in agriculture 8,421,
in trade and manufactures 3,419.
Argyle, p-t. Washington co. N.Y. ontiielludson,
45 m. above Albany. Pop. 3,813.
Argyle, t, Shelburne co. Nova Scotia, 22 m, W.
Shelburnc. Argyro Castro, t Albania, on the Drino, near
Valloua. It contains, with its dependencies,
12,000 men fit for bearing arms, and is the seat of
a pacha of two tails, who is dependent on the pa
cha of Joannina. Its ancient names were Pha-
nole and Hadrianopolis.
Arheiligen, v, Germany, in the grand duchy of
Hesse. Pop, 1,360,
Arlienk, Arhung, or Arhungserai, t, Asia, in
Bulkh on the Harrat, 42 ra, N, E. Bulkh. Lou.
66°,40'E. Lat 37° N.
Ari, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 5 m, S. E, Ci
vita di Cliieti.
Ariancopang, t. Hind, 3 m, S, Pondicherry,

ARK
Ariano, t. Naples, in the principato Ultra, It
is the see of a bishop, 16 m, E, Benevento. Pop.
10,700. , , ,
Ariano, v. on an arm of the Po, m the duchf
of Ferrara, 24 m. N. E, Ferrara.
Arica, province, Peru, bounded N. by Moque
hua, N. W. by Arequipa, W, by the Pacific ocean,
S. by Atacamas.
Arica, capital of the above province, is in a
beautiful valley, on the coast of the Pacific, with
a convenient port, 210 m. N, W, La Plata, 270
N, W, Alacames. Lon. 70° 18' W. Lat 18°
26' S.
Aridana, t Arabia, 10 m. S. W, Mecca.
Arien, isl. in the Adriatic, 9 m, N, Venice.
Arienzo, t. Naples, in Lavora, 14 ra. N. E. Na
ples. Arjeploy, t. Swedish Lapland, 105 ra. W. N. W.
Pitea, Arignano, t. Italy, in the grand duchy of Tus
cany, between Florence and Arezzo,
Arignay, t. France, in Haute Garonne, 9 m. N.
N. E. St Gaudens,
Arimathea, in Sac. Geog. t in the tribe of Ben
jamin ; one in the tribe of Asher ; one iu Naphta-
li ; and one in Ephraim.
Arimoa, isl. off the E. coast of Timor.
Arinos, r. Brazil, runs into the Topayos.
Ariola, t Naples, in principato Ultra, 14 m. W.
S. W, Benevento,
Arjona, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Rio Frio,
6 m, S. Andujar.
Ariowara, t Sweden, in Tomea-Lappmark.
Aripo, V. on W. coast of Ceylon, 80 m. N. N.
W. Candi.
Aris, t Prussia, 86 m. S. E. Konigsberg.
Arisala, t Hind, in Mysore, 40 m. E. Chinna
Balabarum. Arise, t. France, 6 leagues S. Chalons.
Arish, El, t. Egypt, on the Mediterranean, 158
m, N. W. Cairo.
Arisminera, t Syria, 12 m. N. Hamah.
Arispe, t. Mexico, cap. of the intendancy of So
nora, near the source of the Yaqui. Lat 30° 36"
N. Lon. 109° W. Pop. 7,600.
Arilzati, t Bulgaria, in Eu. Turkey, 10 m. S.
Viddin, Arlsa, t, Spain, in Arragon, 14 m. W. Cala
tayud. Arka, t Siberia, 66 m, fr. Okhotsk.
Arka, t Asiatic Turkey, in AladuUa, 21 m. W.
Malatia, 70 N. E. Marasch.
Arkadinskaia, t Russia, on the Medveditzeu
240 m, N, E. Azoph, 124 S. W. Saratof. Lon. 43*
4' E. Lat, 50° 10' N.
Arkansaw Territory, U. S, is bounded N. by Mis
souri territory, and State ; E. by the Mississippi ;
S. by Louisiana and tiie Spanish dominions ; W.
by the Spanish dominions. Pop. in 1810, 1,062,
exclusive of Indians ; in 1817, about 5,000. The
principal rivers are Arkansaw, White, St. Fran
cis, aud Wacliita, The lands on White river are
the best in the territory, and among the best in
America. On the other rivers the land is very
fertile, except on the Wachita where it is poor
and stony. The couutry on the Arkansaw fur
nishes fine hunting grounds. It abounds with buf
faloes, deer, elk, bears, wolves, panthers, &c. In
the years 1818 and 1819, about 5,000 of the Che
rokee Indians removed from their residence E, of
the Mississippi, to a fine tract of country on the
N. bank of the Arlcansaw river, between lon. 94°
and 95° W. At their desire, the American Board

ARL
of Commissionei-s for Foreign Missions have lately
sent a Mission family to them to teach them the
arts of civilized life, and instruct them in Chris
tianity. Arkansaw, p-t. the chief settlement in Arkansaw
territory, is on Arkansaw river, 66 miles from its
mouth. It was established by tiie French more
than a century ago. Most of the inhabitants are
either French, or of mixed blood : descendants of
French and Indians.
.drkansaw, r, N. America, rises in the Rocky
mountains above lat. 41° N. and running S. E. more
than 2,000 miles, faUs into the Mississippi 400
miles above the mouth of Red river. It is navi
gable almost to its source. Next to Missouri it is
the longest tributary of the Mississippi,
Arkaveh, t. A. Turkey, in Trebisond, on the
Black sea, 36 m. E, N, E, Rizeh,
Arkavia, or Arxavia, t Eu, Turkey, in Wala
chia, on the borders of Transylvania, 18 m, S. S,
E. Hermannstadt.
Arkeeko,Arkiko,'or Erkiko, s-p, Abyssinia, at the
bottom of the bay of Massuah, The inhabitants
are among the worst and most degraded of men.
Lon. 39° 46'E. Lat 15° 32' N.
Arkel, v. JloUand, 3 m. N. Gorcum.
Arkingarthdale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. fr.
Riclunond. Arkitkan, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, 18 m. E.
Akshehr. Arklow, s-p. Ireland, 12 m. S. Wicklow, 36 S.
E. Dublin.
Arkport, p-v. Steuben co. N. Y. on Canisteo
river, 25 m. W. Bath.
Arl, Great and Little, two rivers of Germany,
in Saltzburg, erapty into the Saltza, near St. John.
Arlant, or Arlance, t. France, in Puy de Dome,
16 leagues S. E. Clermont-Ferrand.
Arlanzon, r. Spain, in Old Castile, which joins
the Artanza near Burgos, and falls into the Pitu-
erga. Ark, t. in Saltzburg, 10 m, S. W, Radstadt, 38
S. S. E. Saltzburg.
Arkn, t. in the Tyrol, 8 m, N. W. Landeck.
Aries, a large, ancient, and well built t. France,
on the left bank of the Rhone, in the dep. of
Mouths of the Rhone, which here divides into
two branches. Here have been held, at different
periods, 13 ecclesiastical councUs, of which the
most important was that in A. D. 314. Its trade
is in corn, wine, oil, fruit, • Aeep, and sausages ;
and it has manufactures of serge, gold and silver
articles, and saltpetre. It is 16 leagues W. N. W.
Aix, 174 S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 4° 43' E. Lat. 43°
40' N. Pop. 21,000.
Aries, Kingdom of. See Arelat.
Aries, t. in eastern Pyrenees, France. It has a
strong castle, hot mineral springs, and near it is a
lead mine and iron fbqndeVy. Pop. 1,230. Lon.
2°43'E, Lat, 42° 27' N.
Arlesega, t Ital/; iu Padua, 8 m, N. W. Padua,
Arlesheim, v. Switzerland, 3 m. S. Bale,
Ariel, cape, Martinique island, on the N, N. W,
coast. Arkux, t. France, on the Senset, dep. of the
North, 2 leagues S. Douay. Pop. 1,460,
Arlington, p-t. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. N.
Bennington. Pop. 1,468.
Arlon, t. Netherlands, in the grand duchy of
Luxemburg. It has iron-works. 13 ra, N. W,
Luxemburg, Pop, 3,130,
Arlsio, t, Russia, in Finland, 55 m. E. S, E, Ta-
vasthuus, Lon, 26° 3' E. Lat, 16° 44' N.

ARM

59

Arly, r. Savoy, runs into the Isere near Con-
flans. Arm Island, at the E. entrance of the straits
of Sunda, Lon. 5° 45' E, Lat. 106° 30' N.
Arma Santiago de, city, S.America, in Ngw Gra
nada, on a branch of the Cauca, 150 m. N. E. Po
payan, 84 S. Santa Fe de Antioquia, Lon. 75°
36' W. Lat 5° 33' N.
Armagh, co, Ireland, in the province of Ulster,
bounded N. by Lough Neagh, W, by Tyrone and
Monaghan, S. by Louth, and E. by Down. The
linen manufacture flourishes in this county. Pop.
in 1812, 141,381.
¦ Armagh, city, Ireland, capital of Aripagh co.
It is the seat of the archbishop of Armagh, who is
the primate of all Ireland. In the middle centu
ries, it was celebrated as a place of learning, hav
ing at one period, 7000 students at its college.
But afterwards the city decayed, until Baron
Rokeby was promoted to the primacy ; by whose
princely munificence, the cathedral was repaired,
and the town altogether renovated. He built and
endowed an observatory, with an excellent astro
nomical apparatus, a library, and a palace ; and
established a school where children are educated
gratuitously, according to the modern improved
system. Pop, 7,010, of which 2,001 are of the
Established church, and 3,413 Roman Catholics.
62 m, N, DubUn, 48 S. S, E, Londonderry. Lon,
6° 37' 30" W, Lat, 54° 21' 16" N.
Armagh, p-t. Indiana co. Pa, 50 m, E, Pittsburg.
Armagh, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop. 1,306.
Armagia, t Arabia, 68 m, S, Cathem.
Armagnac, formerly a county, France, in Gas-
cony, now included in the departments of the
Gers and Upper Pyrenees,
Armamer, t Portugal, in Beira, 10 m, S. Pesqui-
era. Armana, t Syria, ina vaUey, 10 m, N.W, Aleppo.
Armance, r. France, runs into the Armancon,
near St. Florentin.
Armancon, or Armanson, r, Pran.ce, falls into
the Yonne, above Joigny,
Armasao, t, Brazil, in S, America, a station for
the whale fishery. Lon. 47° 2ff W. Lat. 27° 5' S.
Armavir, t. Armenia, on the Aras, 30 m. W. S,
W. Erivan,
Armegone, or Armegum, t. Hind, on the coast of
the Carnatic, with an EngUsh factory, 66 m. N.
Madras, Armenass, v. Syria, where the glass used in
Aleppo is manufactured, 35 ra. W. Aleppo.
Armeni, t, Mingrelia, 30 m. S. E. Isgaur,
Armenia, country, Asia, bounded N. by Geor
gia altd Mingrelia, E, by Azerbijan in Persia, S.
by Diarbekir, and W. by the Euphrates. It is
mountainous, and, owing to its height above the
level of the sea, is of a colder temperature than
might have been expected from its geographical
position. Wheat and barley, cotton, hemp, to
bacco, and raw silk, are cultivated. The Arme
nians form the chief class of traders in the Persian
empire ; inhabit a large portion of Asiatic Tur
key, and are found in other parts of the world.
They engage in the most extensive commercial
undertaldngs, and bear a high character for in
tegrity in their dealings. They are a distinct
race of people, seldom intermarrying with othei-
tribes, and professing a peculiar religion,, the basis
of which is Christianity. The western parts are
subject to the Turks, the eastern to the Persians,
and the southern are ruled by numerous ipdcs,
pendent chiefs.

60

A R N

Armeni, or Erment, v. on the Nile, in Upper
Egypt, called also Beled Mousa, 16 ra. N, Esne.
Armentequi, place in Spain, 1 m, fr. Vittoria,
Armentieres, t. France,onthe Ly3,indep,of North.
It has rjanufactures of linen and other stuffs. 3
leagues N.W. LiUe, 14 N. N, E, Douay. Pop. 7,600.
Arrnento, t, Naples, in BasiUcata, 20 m, S. S. E,
Potenza, Armi, Capo dell', cape, Naples, on the S. coast
of Calabria.
Armillas, t. Spain, in Arragon, 44 ra. S. Sara-

Armir, t Eng. Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. Smaith.
Armira, s-p, Eu. Turkey, on the W, side of the
gulf of Volo, 10 m, S. Volo. Lon. 23° 9' E. Lat
39° 20' N.
Armira, r. Darien, enters the sea near Cape Ti
buron. Also a town on its banks.
Armise, or Armix, v. France, in Ain. Pop.
1,200. 3 leagues N, W. Belley.
Armky, t. Eng. Yorkshire, on the Liverpool ca
nal and the Aire, with extensive manufactures. 2
m. fr, Leeds. Pop, 2,941.
Armona, t. island of Negroponte, 22 m, S. E.
' Negroponte, Armsdak Head, cape, on the N. coastof Soot-
land. Lon, 3° 56' W. Lat 58° 36' N.
Armsen, parish vrith six villages, Hanover, 7 ra.
E, S, E. Verden. '
Armsheim, v. in the upper bailiwick of Abzey,
grand duchy of Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Wiss-
bach, 4 m, 5f. Abzey.
Armstrong, co. Pa, on the Alleghany. Chief
t Kitaning. Pop, 6,143,
Arnistrong, t Indiana co. Pa, Pop, 523.
Ama, t. and harbor, on the E, coast of the island
of Andros, in the Archipelago.
Ama, t. Persia, in Kharasm, 200 m, N. Urkonje.
Ama, t. Africa, cap, of a district in the desert
between Fezzan and Bornou, inliabited by a peo
ple called Tibbo, 250m. E. S.E, Mourzouk.
Amac, two villages, France, one in Rouergue,
the other in Auvergne. Another in the dep. of
Upper Vienne. Pop. 2,000. Likewise one in
the dep. of Correze. Pop. 1,020.
Arnas, t. Sweden, in Angermannland, 52 m, E.
N. E. Hernosand.
Arnas, t. Prussia, in Oberland. 4 ra. S. S. W.
Osterrode. Arnat-la-Porte, t France, Upper Vienne.
Amau, t Bohemia, on the Elbe, in tiie circle
of Bitschow, 9 m. N, Koningsgratz.
Amaud-Beligrad, t Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 40
m. N. E, Vallona,
Arna.y-le-Dvc, or Amey-sur-Arroux, t. France,
in Beaune. Pop, 2,750, 104 leagues S, W. Di
jon. Arndorf, t. Bavaria, , in Subzbach, district of
Parkstein, 4 m, E, Kemnat, Another, near the
Nab, 18 m, E. S, E, Bayreuth,
Arneburg, t. in the Old Mark of Brandenburg,
on the Elbe, 50 m, W. Berlin,
Amedo, t Spain, in Burgos, 3 m. S. Calahorra.
Arnee, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 14 m, S, Arcot,
75 S, W. Madras.
Arnee, t. Hind, 20 m. N, M^idras.
Arnemuyden, s-p, in the island of Walcheren,
Dutch province of Zealand, It had an excellent
harbor, which is now choaked up with mud, and
was formerly a place of consequence : probably
the Hanse town, Arnemunda. 3 m,'^E, Middle-
burg, 6 N, N, E. Flushing,

A R O
Ames, t. Sweden, in Angermannland, on the
gulf of Bothnia.
Arneseio, t Naples, in Bari, 7 m. W. S. W.
Andria, Arnfels, v, Styria, in the circle of Marburg, 10
m. S. E. Landsberg.
Arngalz, mountain, Asia, in Armenia,
Amgitzes, t. Wallachia, 44 m, S. S. E. Her
mannstadt. , Arnliausen, t subject to Bavariaj in Wurtzburg,
2 m. b. Kissingen.
Amhausen, t. Germany, in Pomerania, 24 m.
N. W, New Stettin.
Amheim, or Amhem, city, Holland, capital of '
Guelderiand. Pop. in 1796, 10,080. 30 m. E.
Utrecht, 45 S. E. Amsterdam.
Arno, r. Italy, in Tuscany, rises in the Appe
nines, and runs into that part of the Mediterra
nean, called the Tuscan sea. It passes through
the city of Florence, and enters the sea 12 m, N.
Leghorn, and 4 below Pisa, to which place it is.
navigable for smaU vessels.
Arno, Civita d', t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, 3 m, E. N. E, Perugiano.
Arnold, t. Eng, 4 m, fr, Nottingham, Pop, 3,042
Amosora, t Naples, 12 m. S. E. Salerno.
Arnold' sold place, p-v. Fauquier co.Va. 56 m,
W. Washington,
Amon, in Sac. Geog.*. rises in the mountains
of Gilead, runs along the N. border of Moab, and
falls into the Dead sea.
Amoya, r. Spain, which runs into the Mohin,
near Rivadavia, in GalUcia.
Amoya, r. Portugal, runs into the Atiantic
Lon, 9° 7' W. Lat 39° 26' N,
Amsdorf, t, Prussia, in Oberland, 11 m, S. Hol
land. Amsdorf, t. Prussia, in Ermeland, 15 m. W,
Heilsperg. Amsfdd, t. Saxony, in Er^ebirg, 5 m. S. Wol-
kenstein. Amsheim, t Germany, in the grand duchy of
Hesse-Darmstadt, 3 m. N. W. Worms.
Amstadt, t. Saxony, on the Gera, Schwartzr
burg magistracy. It has a considerable trade in
com and wool. Pop. 4,600. 10 m. S. W, Erfurt
Amstein, t. bailiwick, and castle, Bavaria, on
tiie Wehrn. Pop. 1,200. 20 m. N. N. E. Wurtz
burg. Amstein, or Klosteramstein, t Germany, on
the Lahn, Its abbeJ>belongs to the prince of Nas
sau- Weilburg. Pop. 2,000.
Amstein, t Prussia, in Natangen, 20 m. S,
Brandenburg. Amstorf, t. in the duchy of Carinthia, 6 m, W.
Mauttern, Aro, r, Spain, runs into the Mediterranean, 6
m, S, Palamos,
Aroan, a place in tii^ desert of Sahara, 150 m.
N. W, Tombuctoo, on the caravan route to Fez.
Its salt mines supply the coun'tries on the Niger.
Aroche, t Spain, on the Estremadura, 46 m, N.
W. Seville,
Aroer, in Sac, Geog, t, of the Gadites, on the
river Amon ; also, one in Judah,
Arolsen, t, Germany, in the county of Wal-
dcck. Most of the colleges of Uie principality
have their seat here. 38 m. W. S. W, Gottingen.
Aromas, v, France, in Jura, 6 leagues S, W,
Orgelet Aron, t. Persia, in Irak, 6 m. fr. Cashan,
Arona, t Italy, on the W. bank of lake Mag-

A R R

A R R

61

gicjre, opposite Anghiera. Pop. 4,000. 17 m. N.
N. W. Novar.
Arona, or Arone, r. Italy, in the States of the
Church. It issues from lake Bracciano, aud falls
into the Mediterranean.
Aronde, r. France, in Picardy, runs into tiie
Oise. Aroo, isl. in the Eastern seas, S. of Papua. Lon.
136° E. Lat 6° S.
Aroostic, r. rises in Maine, and running E. joins
the St Johns in New-Brunswick.
Aropilly, t. Hind, in Mysore, 20 ra. S. Banga
lore. Aros, V. and harbor, Scotland, in tiie island of
Mull. Aroucd, t Portugal, in Befra, 27 m, S, W, La
mego, Arouthortchin, a country of Tartary, near the
great waU of China.
Arp, r. Circassia, falls into the Kuban. Lat,
44° 46' N,
Arpad, in Sac, Geog, t and country of Syria,
near Hamath,
Arpaia, t Naples, iu principato Ultra, 6 m, S,
S, W. Benevento.
Arpajon, t. France, on the Orge, dep. of the
Seine and Oise, Pop. 2,100. Here are manu
factures of cotton, and fire-arms. 7 leagues S.
Versailles. Arpajon, or Seeerac, t France, in Cantal, a few
miles S. E. Aurillac.
Arpenburg, t Germany, in the Old Mark of
Brandenburg, 9 m. S. Saltzwedel.
Arpi, or /' Arpi, t Naples, in Capitanata, 14 m.
S. W. Manfredonia.
Arpino, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, the birth
place of Marius and Cicero, It has cloth manu
factories. 65 m. N. N. W. Naples.
Arquata, t. Italy, in the papal territory of Um-
bria, 10 m. S. W. Ascoli.
Arquatta, t of the Sardinian monarchy, 25 ra.
N. Genoa.
Arquennes, v. Netherlands, in Brabant, near
Nivelles, and well known for its Ume-pits and blue
raarble. Arquenon, r. France, in Cotes du Nord. It
runs by Jugon into the English channel.
Arques, r. France, in Lower Seine, runs by Ar-
ques, into the English channel, near Dieppe.
Arques, t.,France, on the Arques, 2 leagues S.
E, Dieppe, 11 N. Rouen. Pop..l,700.
Arques, v. France, in Artois, 134 leagues N. E,
Arras. Arques, v. France, in Aude, 64 leagues S. Car
cassonne. Arra, t. A.Turkey, in Diarbekir, 30 m.W. Orfa.
Arracan, formerly an independent kingdom, but
since the year 1783 a province of the Birman em
pire. It Ues S, E, Bengal, On the E, it is divided
from Pegne and Ava by a range of mountains,
through which there are very few passes. Con
siderable commerce is carried on with Bengal.
The exports are chiefly honey, wax, ivory, drugs,
sapphires, rubies, and gold ; in exchange, they
take back tissues, silks, inuslins, European coih-
modities of aU kinds, pearls, and diamonds.
Arracan, city and cap. of the above province,
is on the Arracan, in lon, 93° 25' E. and lat.
20° 40' N. It is the residence of a viceroy. The
harbour, itis said, has six fathoms water at the
bar, and is capable of containipg a large fleet.
Arrack. See Aregh,

Arracourl, v, France in Meurthe, 6 leagues
E. Nancy.
Arradon, t. France, in Morbihan, 3 ra. S. W.
Vannes, Arragia, t, Arabia, in Nedsjed, 10 m. S. W.
Khaibar. Arragon, province, Spain, bounded N. by the
Pyrenees, W. by Navarre and Castile, S. by Va
lencia, and E, by Catalonia, The soil, though in
some places sandy, stony, and mountainous, is ou
the whole productive. Here are raised maize,
hemp, madder, and saffron ; and excellent wine is
exported in considerable quantities. Large quan
tities of silk also are made and exported ; but the
breeding of sheep forms the grand branch of indus
try. The wool is in high esteem with foreigners,
and in 1782 nearly 60,000 cwt, was exported.
Pop. 630,000.
^ Arragon, r. Spain, rises in the Pyrenees, and
falls into the Ebro, between Tudela and Cala
horra, Arragon,t.. Arabia, 100 m, E. S, E, Sana.
Arrah, t. Persia, in Mekran, on the coast of the
Arabian sea, 140 m, W. Tatta. Lon. 65° E. Lat
25° 25' N.
Arrah, t. Hind, in Behar, Lon, 84° 48' E. Lat,
25° 32' N,
Arran, isl. on the W. coast of Scotland, near
the mouth of the Clyde, 20 miles long, and contain
ing 165 square miles. Pop. 6,754,
Arrancy, v, France, in Meuse, 14 leagues N. N.
E. Bar-le-duc.
Arranmore, isl. on the N. W. coast of Ireland.
Lon, 8° 25' W, Lat, 55° N.
Arrapahdy, Indians, inhabit the country between
the head waters of the Kansas, a S. branch of the
Missouri, and the Rio del Norte,
Arras, t. France, capital of Pas de Calais, on
the Scarpe, 5 leagues S, W. Douay, aud 13 N. E.
Amiens, It is regularly fortified with waUs and
towers. The citadel, which was constructed by
Vauban, is reckoned one of the strongest in France.
Lon. 2° 51' E. Lat, 50° 17' N. Pop, 18,872.
Arrats, r. France, falls into the Garonne, below
Aubilar, Arrayal de Rio das Almas, t. Brazil, in Goyas,
on the Toccantins, 42 m. N. N. E. ViUa Boa.
Arrayal de Assumpcaon, t Brazil, in Goyas, on
Toccantins, 340 m, N. N. E. Villa Boa.
Arrayal de Cardoso, t. Brazil, 300 m. S, W. St
Salvador. Arrayal de Meyaponte, t. Brazil, in Matto Gros
so, 125 ra. S. S, E. Villa Boa.
Arraval de Maygunte, t. Brazil, in Goyas, 75 m.
S, S. E.Tilla Boa,
Arrayal de Porate, t Brazil, in Para, on the
Toccantins, 210m, S. Para.
Arrayal de St. Anna, t. Brazil, in Goyas, 95 m.
S, S. W-. Villa Boa.
Arrayal Velho, t. Brazil, iu Minas Geraes, 50
ra.S.VV-. Villa Rica,
Arrayotos, t, Portugal, in Alentejo, 10 m. N.
Evora; Pop. 2,700.
Arreau, or Arreux, t, France, in Upper Py
renees, 10 leagues S. Tarbes.
Arrestan, or Iiestanes,t. Syria, 20m. S. Ramah.
Arreway, t. on the W. coastof Celebes. Lon.
119° 15' E. Lat 0° 58' S.
Arriege, or Ariege,^ r. France, rises in the Py
renees, passes by Aix, Tarascon, Foix, and Pa-
miers ;. becomes navigable at Saverdun, and joins
the Garonne between Muret and Toulouse.

62

A R S

A R V

Arriege, or Ariege, department of France,
bounded E, by Aude, S. E, by Eastern Pyrenees
S. by the Pyreuean mountains, and W. and N. by
Upper Garonne. Pop. 222,936. Foix is the cap
ital. Arrigno, t. Corsica, 8 m. E. Calvi.
Arrion, t, Persia, in Azerbijan, 90 m. S. E, Ta
bris, Arrisana, isl. off the coast of Portugal, Lon. 8°
55' W. Lat 37° 14' N,
Arrivacourchy^ or Ardvacourcliy, t. Hind, in
Coimbetore, belonging to the British, 20 ra. E,
Daraporura, 53 S, W, Trichinopoly. Lon. 78°
E.Latl0°15'N. Arro, inlet, in the gulf of Georgia, on the N, W.
eoast of America, E. of Quadra and Vancouver's
island. Lon. 237° 9' E, Lat. 4° 35' N,
Arroe, isl. in the Baltic, S. W, of Funen. Pop.
in 1803, 7,573. Lon, 10° 20' E. Lat 54° 53' N.
Arroe, Danish isl. in the Little Belt, between
Funen and the coast of Sleswick.
Arroe, islands in the Red sea, off Mocha.
Arriba de St. Servan, t. Spain, in Estremadura,
3 m. S. Merida.
Arronches, t. Portugal, in Alentejo. Pop. 1,700.
95 m. E. Lisbon.
ArronCs, t. Spain, in Navarre, 7 m. S. E. EsteUa.
Arros, r. France, falls into the Adour, near
Aire. Arroux, r. France, passes through Autun, and
runs into the Loire, between Bourbon-Lancy and
Port St Digoin.
Arrow, r. Eng. faUs into the Lug near Leomin
ster. Arrow, r. Ireland, flows from Lough-Arrow to
the sea, 5 m. S, W. Sligo,
Arrow-rock, t. Cooper co. Missouri,
Arroyad'Elmedina, t. Buenos Ayres, 165 m.
N, N, W. Buenos Ayres,
Arroya de Paben, t. Buenos Ayres, X80 ra, N,
N. W. Buenos Ayres.
Arroya de Ramallo, t. Buenos Ayres, 150m. N.
N, W, Buenos Ayres.
• Arroya de la China, t. Buenos Ayres, on the
W. side of the Uraguay, in lon. 58° 14' W. lat
32° 29' S.
Arroyos, t. Paraguay, 51 m. E. Assumption.
Lon. 56° 47' W. Lat. 26° 29' 36" S.
Ars, t. France, isl. of Rh^, in Lower Charente.
Pop. 3,000. 64 leagues W. La RocheUe.
Ars, t. France, in Creuse, 5 m. N. W. Aubus-
son. Ariae, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees. Pop.
1,015. 12 leagues E. S. E. Dax.
Arsace, t Syria, 16 m. N. N. W. Aleppo.
Arsacides. See Solomon's Islands.
Arsago, t Italy, in the duchy of Milan, 12 ra. N.
Milan. Arsamas, t. Russia, 48 m. S. Nishnei-Novgorod.
Pop, 6,000.
Arsano, v, Italy, near Naples, Pop. 5,100.
Arseewah, t Hind, in Orissa, 30 m. S. W. Sur-
gooja, Arsemini, t Sardinia, 7 m, S, W, Cagliari.
Arsen, r. Turkish Armenia, runs into the Eu
phrates near llija.
Arsid. See Arsur.
Arsiera, t. Italy, in the Vicentin, 20 m. N. Vi-
cenza, Arsk, t. Russia, on the Kaianka, 40 m, N, N, E,
Kasan, Lon, 19° 34' E, Lat, 56° 20' N,
Arskey, v. Eng, in Yorkshire, on the Dun, Pop,
1,000. 3 m, from Doncaster,

Arsonval, v. France, in Aube, 14 leagues N.W'
Bar-sur-Aube. Arsu, t. Persia, in Schirvan, on the Kur, 40 ra,
S, S. W. Sohamaghie.
Arsunda, t Sweden, in Gestrikland, 15 m. S.W.
Gefle. Asur, Asor, Arsaf, or Arsid, a hamlet on the
coast of Syria. Solomon is supposed to have buUt
the city Asor upon its site. 10 ra. N, Jaffa.
Art, or Unterart, t Switzerland, on tiie lake of
Zug. Pop, 2,300. 17 m, N, Schweitz,
Arta, or Larta, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on
Arta river, 9 m. above its entrance intothe gulf of
Arta. Lon. 21° 8' E. Lat. 39° Sff N. Pop. 6,000.
Artaki, t. A. Turkey, in NatoUa, on the S. coast
of the sea of Marraora, 45 m, E. GallipoU, 90 S.
W, Constantinople.
Artakui, t. Eu, Turkey, in Roraania, 48 m. N.
W. GaUipoli.
Artala, t Georgia, 40 m. S. Teflis,
Artamova, t. Russia, 120 m. S. S. E, Tobolsk.
Artan, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania,' 24 m. S.
Akserai. Arlana, or Antana, t Spain, in Navarre, 15 m.
from Pampeluna.
Artani, t. Turkish Armenia, 27 m. S. Akulzike.
Artannes, t. France, on the Indre, 4 leagues S.
W. Tours.
Artaviva, t. MingreUa, 110 m. N. E, Trebisond,
Artaxate, t. Persian Armenia, on the Araxes,
15 m. S. Erivan, now in ruins.
Artenac, t. France, in Lower Charente. Pop.
1,500. 7 leagues S. E. Saintes.
Artenay, t. France, 5 leagues from Orleans, on
the road to Paris ; noted for its maufacture of
knives. Pop. 1,500.
Artem, t. bailiwick, and castie, on the Unstrut,
in the Saxon part of the county of Mansfeld. Pop.
2,240. 10 m. W. Eisleben.
, Arth, or Artha, r. Wales, falls into the sea S. of
Aberystwith. Arthes, t France, in Lower Pyrenees. Pop,
2,080. 3 leagues E. Orthez, and 64 N. W. Pau.
Arthur Kull. See Newark Bay.
Artik-abad, t. A. Turkey, in Sivas, 12 m. S. S.
E. Tocat.
Artingurry, t Hind, iu Marawas, 6 m. E. Ra
manadporum. Artisch. See Argisch.
Artogna, t Venetian territory, in Bresciano, 12
m. S. S. W. Breno,
Artois, county aud government of France, for
merly included in the Netherlands, having been
reckoned one of the 17 provinces. It is now in
cluded in the departments of the Pas de Calais,
the Somme and the North.
Artolsheim, t. France, in -Lower Rhine, 5 m, S.
E, Schlettstat
Arton, t. France, in Lower Loire, 7 leagues
W. S. W. Naiites,
Artome, t. France, in Puy de Dome, on the
Merges. Pop. 1,100. 54 leagues N, Clermont-
Ferrand. Artos, t. Little Bukharia, 25 m. W. Cashgar.
Artoude, t Syria, 15 m, N. Damascus.
Artvani, t Turkish Armenia, 60 ra, N, Kars.
Artsbach, i. Styria, runs into the Ens, 4 m, S.
Reiffling. Area, county in Hungary. It derives its name
from the ruined castie of Arva, which is 14 m, N.
of Rosenberg.
Arva, r, Hungary, falls into the Waag, 11 m,
N, Arva,

A S B

A S C

63

Aruba, t. Persia, 90 m. E, Mekran,
Arucara, t. Brazil, at the mouth of the Guana-
pu, 140 m. W, S. W, Para,
Arucolara, t. Hind, in Mysore, 10 ra, N, Arde
nelle, Arudy, t, France, in Lower Pyrenees, Pop,
1,620, SleaguesS. Pau.
Arve, r. Savoy, falls into the Rhone near Ge
neva. Arvicito, t, Naples, ou the sea-coast of Calabria
Ultra, 4 m, S, StiUo,
Arvidsjaur, t Swedish Lapland, 75 m, W, Pitea, .
Lat 65° 28' N,
Aran, r. Eng, flows into the sea at Littie Hamp
ton, in Sussex,
Arundel, t. Eng. in Sussex, on the Arun, which
is here navigable for vessels of 200.tons ; and the
navigation is carried on to the Thames by means
ofa canal. Pop, 2,700. lOj m, frora Chichester,
57 S. London.
Arundell, p-t. York co. Maine, on the sea-coast,
21m.N.E.York. Pop. 2,37.2.
Arvad, in Sac. Geog. Phoenician t. on a smaU
felaud, now called Rvad, S. of Tyre.
Arys, t. Italy, in the Venetian territory, district
of FriuU. 10 ra, W. S, W. Palmala Nuova,
Arzac, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 64 leagues
E. Orthez,
Arzames, t. Russia, 64 m. from Nishnei-Novgo
rod. Lon. 13° 34' E, Lat 55° 20' N.
Arzaneau, or Arzanno, t. France, in Finisterre,
Pop, 4,150. 12 leagues E. Quimper.
Arzberg, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Maine,
7»m. E, Wuusiedel. Pop, 1,132.
Arsengan, Arzendgean, or Arzingan^ t. Turkey,
on the Euphrates, 45 m. W. Erzerum.
Arzero, t. Upper Italy, in the Paduan, 9 m, S. E.
Padua. Arzerum. See Erzerum.
Arzew, s-p. Algiers, 16 m, E, Oran.
Arsignana, t Upper Italy, on the Gua, 15 ra, W.
S. W. Vicenza. ,
Arzilla,s-T[). Morocco, the first that occurson the-
Mediterranean, after passing Cape Spartel.
Arsilla, r. Italy, runs into the Adriatic a little
N, of Fano,
Arzon, t. France, in Upper Loire, Pop. 1,600.
Arzua, t. Spain, in Galicia, 12 m. E, St Jago de
Compostella. ¦ As, t. Sweden, in Jamtland, near lake Storsio, 5
m. N. Ostersund,
Asa, e. Archduchy of Austria, runs into the
Danube, 2 m, N. Efferding,
Asabra, r. Spain, runs into the Arragon near
Morillo. Asad, t, Persia, in Fars, 57 ra. S. W. Yezd.
Asad-abad. t. Persia, on the frontiers of Kurdis
tan, 70 m, N.W. Hamadan,
Asangaro, province of S. America, on the N.
side of lake Chucuito.
Asaralie, t. Chinese Tartary, in Hami, 50 m.
N. W. Hami,
Asama, t. Sweden, on the Liunga, in Jeratland,
84 ra. W. SundswaU.
Asaro, t. Sicily, in the valley Noto, 8 ra. S. Ni
cosia. Asas, t. Sweden, in Schonen, Lon, 12° 40' E,
Lat 56° 11' N.
Asbeck, t Germany, in Munster, 4 m, S, E, Aa
haus. Asben, a large kingdorain the interiorof Africa,
between Fezzan and Cashiia,

Asbroit, t, Sweden, in S. Gothland, 6 m. N.
Wardberg. Asburg, t in the Prussian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, 6 m E. Meurs, 18 W. Duisburg.
Asbury, p-t. Sussex co. N, J, 35 m. N. Trenton.
Ascaia, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 3 m, fr.
St, Jean de Luz, 12 fr, Bayonne, Pop, 1,200.
Ascalon t. Palestine, on the sea-coast, 14 m, N.
Gaza, and 30 S. W. Jerusalem, Lon. 34° 47' E.
Lat 31° 38' N.
Ascara, t Japan, 95 m, N, Jeddo.
Ascension, isl. in the Atlantic, between Africa
and Brazil. It is entirely barren and uninhabited ;
but is frequented by the homeward bound ship
ping, on account of its excellent harbour, and the
fish, sea-fowl, and turtle, which it affords. The
crevice ofa rock in this island forms what is called
the Sailors' Post-Office. Here crews leave a
well corked bottle, with letters inclosed, which
are taken up and carried to their destination by
the next ship that passes in a contrary direction.
Lon. 14° 28' W. Lat 8° 8' S.
Ascension, parish, Louisiana, on the Mississippi.
Pop. 2,219.
Ascension, cap. of the island of Margarita, for
merly celebrated for its pearl fisheries.
Ascension Bay, on the E. side of Yucatan, in the
bay of Honduras. Lou, 88° 66' W, Lat. 19° 30' N.
Asceria, v. Abyssinia, 25 m. S. Dixan.
Aschf or Ascha, t Gerraany, in the Boheraiau
circle of Egra, 8 ra. N. N. W. of the Egra.
Ascha, or Aschau, in Upper Bavaria. See Ho-
hen-Aschau. Aschach, or Aschau, t. Austria, on the Danube,
6 m. N. Efferding.
Aschach, t. Germany, in Bavaria, on the Saale,
6 m. N. Kissingen.
Aschaffenburg, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 18 m,
S. E. Frankfort, and 40 E. Mentz. Lon. 9° 7' E.
Lat. 40° 58' N. Pop. 6,400. The original district
of Aschaffenburg which constituted that sort of ju
risdiction called in German a vicedom, was 22
miles long and 18 broad, and contained 82 villa
ges and hamlets.
Asche, t. Netherlands, in Brabant, on the road
from Brussels to Ghent Pop, 3,760.
Asche, t. Saxony, in Vogtland, 15 m, S. Plawen,
Asehenginskoi, fort, Siberia, on the confines of
China, 130ra,S, S,W. Selinginsk.
Ascheres, t. France, in Loiret, 6 leagues N. N ,
E. Orieans. Pop, 1,500.
Aseherode, t Bavaria, 6 n), N, Carlstadt,
Aschersleben, t, Prussia, in the principality of
Halberstadt, 16 m. S. E. Halberstadt, Pop. 7,900,
Ascfmqmsee, lake, Prussia, 40 ra. S, E, Konigs
berg, Ascloster, t Sweden, in S, Gothland, 12 m, N,
Wardberg. AsQoli, t. Italy, in the Marca d' Ancona one of
the States of the Church, at the confluence of the
Castellano with Tronto river. It is the see of a
bishop. 48 m. S. Ancona, Lat, 42° 46' N,
Ascoli di Satriano, t Naples, in Capitanata, 65
m, E, N, E. Naples. Lat 41° 8' N,
Ascona, v. Swiss canton of Ticino, on lake Mag
giore, 2 ra. S. Locarno.
Ascott, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the St Francis, 67 m, S. E. Three-Rivers, 16 N.
E. lake Memphrcmagog. Pop, 1,000.
Aseough, or Aiskew, t Eng. in Yorkshire,
Ascoytia, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, on the Urola,
6 m.E. Placentia.

64

ASH

Ascq, v, in French Flanders with a parish
church and 250 houses, in dep, of the North, 1
leagues from Lille.
Ascrib Islands, N. of ,Skye, Lon, 6° 28' W.
Lat, 57° 27' N.
Ase. See Orontes.
Ascutney, mountain, Vt, 5 m, S. W, Windsor.
It is 3,320 feet above the level of the sea.
Asebbo, t. Egypt, 80 m, N, E, Cairo.
Asee-abad, t Cabul, 35 m, S. E. Cabul.
Aseiac, t. Persia, in Cuzistan, 90 m. S. Ispahan,
Asele, t. Swedish Lapland, and capital of Asele
Lapmark, 85 m. W. Umea. Lon. 17° 4' E. Lat,
64° 12' N,— The Lapmark is bounded N. W. by
Norway ; E, by Umea Lapraark ; S, by Anger-
raannland, and S. W. by Jamtland.
Asenariga, t Cyprus, 8 m. E. Larneca.
Aserrado, r. Cuba, runs into the Spanish Main,
on the S. coast Lon. 76° 4ff W, Lat 20° N.
Asfaca, t Persia, in Mekran, 100 ra, N. N. E.
Kieh, Asfeld-la-Ville, t. France, in Ardennes, Rethel.
Pop. 1,080. 12 leagues S.W, Mezieres,
Asfun, or Ass-fuun, city, Egypt, the ancient
Aphunis, W. of the Nile, 7 m, N. Esne.
jlsh, or Esh, t. Eng. 5 m, fr. Durhara, Pop, 383,
Ash, CO, N, C, Pop, 3,694, Slaves, 147,
Ashaba, t, Syria, in the desert, 150 m, S, E,
Aleppo. Ashangee, lake, in Gasta, Abyssinia, near the
source of the Tacazze,
Ashantee, Assente, ot Asiente, an extensive ter
ritory of W, Africa, situated immediately behind
the states which occupy the Gold coast. This
kingdom, the name of which till very lately had
scarcely reached Europeans, seems to be indispu
tably the most powerful, civiUzed, and commer
cial, of any on the western coast of this continent.
Ashaicillet. See Ashuelot.
Ashborough, p-t. and cap. Randolph co, N, C. 85
m, W, Raleigh,
Ashbourne, t. Eng. 13 m, fr. Derby. Pop, 2,112,
Ashburgan, t. Great Bukharia, 45 m. W. Balk,
Lat 36° 44' N, ,
Ashbumham, p-t, Worcester co. Mass, 55 m. N.
W, Boston, 30 N, Worcester. Pop, 1,036.
Ashburton, t. Eng. Devonshire, Spinning and
weaving are carried on; and there are productive
mines of tin and copper in the neighbourhood.
Fop. 3,053, 9 m. fr. Totness, 234 E, N. E. Plym
outh, Ashby, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass, 50 m. N. W,
Boston, Pop, 1,103,
Ashby-de-larZouch, t. Eng. Leicester co. Near
it is a mineral water called Griffydam, Pop,
3,141. 12 m, fr, Derby, 15 fr, Leicester,
Ashdod, in Sac, Geog. one of the principal
towns of the PhiUstines, on the S. E. coast of the
Mediterranean, 34 ra. N. Gaza, 13 S. Ekron, and
34 W. Jerusalem. It was called by the Greeks,
Azotus, and is now Esdud, or Atzud.
Ashdon, or Assingdon, v. Eng. Essex co. 3 ra.
fr. Saffron- Walden, 45 fr, London,
Asheref, or Ashraff, t Persia, iu Mazanderan,
The bay, 4 a raile from it, contains the best har
bor on the S, side of the Caspian sea, 15 m, from
Fehrabad, 16 fr. Sari, Lon, 63° 32' E, Lat. 35°
52' N.
Ashfere. See E.fere.
A/j^c/rf, p-t Franklin CO, Mass, 15 m, N, W,
Northampton, Pop, 1,809,
Ashford, or Eshford, t. Eng, Kent co, 12 ra. fr,
CantcVbiirv, 57 E. S, E. London, Pou. 1 ,532.

AS I
Ashford, t. Eng, Derbyshire, on the Wye, Mar
ble is cot here, and polished by raachinery. 14 m,
fr. BakeweU, 164 N. W, London,
Ashford, p-t Windham, co. Conn, 31 m, N, E.
Hartford, Pop, 2,632,
Ashkdre, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 30 m, W, Herat.
Ashley, r. S. C. rises N. of Charleston, and pass
ing along Uie W. side of the city, unites with
Cooper river in Charleston harbor, 7 miles from
the ocean.
Ashmunein. See Achmunein.
Ashmun-tanah, t, Egypt, the ancient Thounis,
on a canal of the Nile, 12 m, E, Mansora.
Ashont, t Syria, 26 m. S, Tripoli.
Ashor, t Persia, in Khorassan, 120 m. W. N.
W. Meshed.
Ashover, t Eng. Derbyshire, 6 m. fr. Chester
field, 157 fr. London. Pop. 2,377.
Asli-oune-mon-kar, cape, on the coast of Al
giers, 20 m. S. S. W. Bonjeiah.
Ashtabula, co. the N. E. part of Ohio, on Lake
Erie. Chief t Jefferson. Pop. iu 1815, 3,200.
Ashtabula, p-t Ashtabula co. Ohio, on Lake
Erie, 6 m. N. Jefferson. Pop. 210.
Ashtabula, r. Ohio, runs into Lake Erie, 45 m.
W.Erie. Ashton in WakeJUld, t Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m.
fr. Newton, 195 fr. London. Pop. 4,747.
Ashton, t Eng. in Cheshire, 3 m. fr. Chester,
188 fr. London.
Ashton, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop. 765.
Ashton, Point, on the N. W. coast of Amer
ica, in New Cornwall. Lon. 231° 8' E. Lat 53°
50' N.
Ashton-upder-Line, t Eng. on the Tame, in
Lancashire. Pop. of the parish, 19,052. 85 m.
fr. London.
Ashtrian, t Great Bukharia, 20 m. W. Samar
cand. Ashuelot, T. N. H. runs into the Connecticut at
Hinsdale, the S. W. corner of the state.
Ashuk, t. A. Turkey, in Mosul, on the Tigris,
25 m. E. Tecrit
AshviUe, p-v. Buncombe co. N. C.
Ashworth, t. Eng, Lancashire, 9 m. fr. Manches
ter. Pop. 261.
Asi, r. Italy, iu the States of the Church, falls
into the Tiber, near Orrieto,
Asia, one of the grand divisions of the world,
bounded N. by the Frozen ocean, E. by the Pa
cific, S. by the Indian ocean ; on the W. separated
from Africa by the Red sea, and from Europe by
the Archipelago, the sea of Marmora, the Blac^
sea, and an imaginary line proceeding thence to
the shores of the Frozen ocean between 60° and
70° E. lon. It contsiins, according to Hassel,
16,728,002 square miles.
The countries included in it are Siberia, the
Chinese empire. Independent Tartary, India, Per
sia, Asiatic Turkey, and Arabia ; to which may
be added the islands constituting the empfre of
Japan, Borneo, Sumatra, Ja-va, the Philippine
islands, Celebes, the Spice islands, and numerous
others. The prevailing religions are Paganism and Ma
horaetanism. The principal languages are the
Arabic, Persian, and Clunese. The population
is variously estimated from 250,000,000 to
600,000,000. Hassel makes it 380,000,000. The
Asiatic governments are moaUy despotic monar
chies. The principal range of mountains is the Altay,
which in length is inferior only to the great Amer-

A S N

ASP

65

acan range, and Hijnmaleh range, which is the
loftiest on the globe. The principal rivers are
the Oby, the Enicei, and the Lena, which flow
into the Frozen ocean; the Amour, the Hoang-Ho,
Kian-Ku, and Japanese, which flow into the Pa
cific; and the Ganges, Indus, and Euphrates,
which run into the Indian ocean.
Asia Minor, the most western portion of tiie
great country of Asia, bounded N. by the Black
sea; E. by the Euphrates; W. by the Medi
terranean, the sea of Marmora, and the straits of
the Hellespont and Bosphorus. The whole coun
try is under the Turldsh government, and it is di
vided into several provinces, of which Natolia and
Caramania are the most important
Asiago, one of the 7 Venetian communes in Up
per Italy, which belongs to Austria, The town of
Asiago is the seat of justice for all the communes ;
has a castie, and 11,000 inhabitants. 20 ra, N,
Vicenza, Asiakurd, t. Kurdistan, 25 m. N. N. W. Van.
Asiano, t. Italy, in Vercelli, 4 m. S. Vercelli,
Asikala, t. Eu, Russia, in Finland, 33 ra, E, N,
E. Tavasthuus.
AsiUo, t. Peru, in Asingara, on Lalte Titiaca.
Near it is a lead mine.
Asin, t A, "Turkey, in Sivas, 20 m. S. Amasia.
Asinara, Cape, the N. W. point of Sardinia ; off
which is Asinara island, 10 miles long, and which
belongs, under the tiUe ofa duchy, to the marquis
of Mores. FoundUngs in 'tlie king of Sardinia's
dominions, are sent to this island to be employed
in agriculture and manufactures. Lou. 8° 23? E,
Lat. 41° 5' N.
Asinello, r. Naples, runs into the Adriatic, Lon,
14°32'E. Lat 42° 10' N,
Asir, t. Persia, in Irak, 30 ra. S. Nehavend.
Aska, t Hind, in Cicalo, 36 m, N, W. Ganjara,
Askasy, t. Abascia, at the mouth of a river near
the Black sea, 100 m, N. N, W, Anakopia, Lon,
37° 4^^ Lat 44° 6' N,
Askeaton. SeeAskeyton.
Askelon. See Ascalon.
Asker-Mukrem, t Persia, in Kurdistan, 20 ra. S.
Tostar. Askeme, hamlet, Eng. in Yorkshire. It has a
mineral well. 7 ra. fr. Pontefract, 196 fr. London.
Askersund, t. Sweden, in Nerike, at the N. end
of lake Wetter. Here are fabricated great quan
tities of nails. Lon. 14° 36' E- Lat 58° 55' N.
Askerton, t. Eng. Cumberland co, 8 m. fr. Car
lisle, 312 fr, London.
Askeyton, v. Ireland, on the Deal, 16 m. S. W.
Limerick. Askoe, isl. in the North sea, near the coast pf
Norway. Lat. 60° 27' N.
Askoe, isl. Denmark, near the north coast of
Zealand. Lon. 11° 31' E- Lat 54° 54' N.
Askola, t. Sweden, in Nyland, 10 m. N. Borgo,
Askrigg, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m, fr. York,
AskwiOi, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. fr, OUey,
Aslau, V, Silesia, in the circle of Louenberg-
Bunzlau. Asling, t. Upper Carniola, in the circle of Lay-
bach, 16 m. S. S. W. Clagenfurt.
Aslonne, t. France, in Deux-Sevres. Pop. 2,000.
9 leagues W. Poitiers.
Asmanabad, v. Persia, in Mekran, 4 m. fr, Huf-
tur, Asmooz, t. Switzerland, canton of the Grisons,
on the Rhine, opposite the pass of Luciensteig.
Asna. See Esne.

Asna. See Houssa.
Asnabad, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 4 m. N. E.
Darore, Asnaha, t. Hind, in Orissa, 40 ra, N, W, Hor-
riapour, Asnik, t. Great Bukharia, 60 m. E, Bulkh.
Aso, t Japan, in Niphon, 60 m, N, Jeddo.
Asola, t. Upper Italy, on the Chiese. Pop. 4,000.
20 m, S. S, E, Brescia.
Asolo, a Venetian prefecture, in the Mark of
Treviso, Italy, belonging now to the House of
Austria, It consists of the town of Asolo, and 36
villages, with 25,000 inhabitants. Pop. of the
town, 3,650. 15 m, N, W. Treviso, .45 N. E. Ve
rona, Lon, 1 1° 53' E. Lat 46° 60' N.
Asona, r. Italy, in the Marca d' Ancona, runs
into the Adriatic, 10 m, Si E, Fermo.
Asonusa, t. Japan, iu Niphon, 85 m. N. Jeddo.
Asoph. See Azoph.
Asoupas, t. Persia, in Fars, 62 m. N. Shiraz.
Aspang, t. Lower Austria, in the circle below
the forest of Vienna, on the Trasenbaqh, 17 m. Sn
Ebenfurth. Aspas, t, Sweden, in Jamtiand, 100 ra. N. W.
SundswaU. Lon. 14° 12' E, Lat, 63° 20' N.
Aspas, t, Persia, in Kuzistan, 45 m. N. W. Ista-
char. Aspe, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Elda, 12 m,
W, AUcant,
Aspect, t France, on the Garonne, Pop, 3,220.
19 leagues S. W, Toulouse,
Asperen, t. Holland, on the Linge, 15 m, S. Ut
recht, 22 E, Rotterdam,
Asperg, t, Wirtemberg, district of the Enz,
near Stutgard, It is at the head of a bailiwick.
Pop. in 1806, 1,283. See Hohendsperg.
Aspem, t. castle, and lordship, of Lower Aus
tria, in the circle below the Maanhartsberg, 10
ra, S. E. Laab.
Aspem, t Austria, on an arm of the Danube,
the N. side of the river, below Vienna ; the scene
of a battle 21st and 22d May, 1809, between Bo
naparte and the .\ustrians.
Asperskirch, t Austria, 5 m. S. E, Peyerbach.
Asperstorf, t. Austria, 2 ra. N. E. Sonneberg.
Aspeytia, t Spain, in Guipuscoa, on the Viola,
15 m, S, St Sebastian,
Aspido, r. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, Mar
ca d'Ancbna, runs into the gulf of Venice near
Loretto. Aspirau, v. France, in Herault, 74 leagues W.
MontpeUer. Aspis, s-p. Tripoli, in Africa, Lon, 16° 50' E.
Lat 31° 15' N,
Asplw, V, Eng, Bedford co, 2 m, N. Woburn,
43 fr, iKudon, "
Aspo^ Swedish isl, in the Baltic, 2 m. S, W.
Carlscrona. Aspra, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
province of Sabina.
Aspremont, t Piedmont. Pop. 1,300. 2 leagues
N. Nice.
Aspremont, v. France, in Maese, 44 m. S. E. St
Michael, 8 E, N. E. Bar-sur-Ornain.
Aspres-les-Peynes, t. France, Upper Alps, 24
leagues N. Serres, 6 W. Gap. Pop. 900.
Aspro, or Aspro-Potamo, the ancient Acmelous,
r, Greece, runs into the Ionian sea, 28 m, W, Le
panto. Aspronisi, the ancient Therasia, isl. in the
Greek archipelago, near the W. coast of Santo-
rini. Jion, 25° 23' f.. Lat, 36° 30' N,

b'6

ASS

Asprospiti, harBor, Eu. Turkey, in Livonia, on
the N. side of the gulf of Lepanto, 10 ra. S. S. W.
Livadia. Aspull, t Eng. Lancashire, 3 m. fr. Wigan.
Pop. 1,650.
Asrail, isl. Lake Menzaleh, Egypt, 12 m, S, E.
Damietta. Assa, t. Cephalonia, 16 m. N. N. W. Cepha
lonia. Assab, isl, on the coast of Abyssinia, Lat 12°
59' N.
Assam, or Asham, a country between Bengal
and Thibet, intersected by the Brahmapootra,
and several other rivers; bounded N. by the
lofty mountains of Bootan and Thibet, S. by the
Garrow mountains, W, by Bengal and Bisnee,
and E. by the tributaries of Ava and China. As
sam is an unhealthy country, but very fertile, and
produces gold, ivory, lac, pepper, siUc, and cotton.
Its imports from Bengal are principally salt, va
rious European commodities, and a few fine mus
lins. Thei communication with Bengal is carried
on by means of the great river Brahmapootra,
from which there is an inland navigation in every
direction. Assan, t. A, Turkey, in Diarbekir, 40 m, from
Diarbekir. Assan, t. on the N. W. coast of Sumatra, Lon.
¦99° 57' E, Lat, 3° 5' N.
Assarli, t Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 44 m. E, S.
E. Filippopoli.
Assaunen, t. Prussia, 40 m. S, E. Konigsberg,
Asse, 3 towns of France, dep. of the Sarthe :
Asse le Beranger, 1 league E. Evron : Asse, or
Aise le Boisne, 9 leagues N. E. Le Mans : andAs-
ae le Riboul.
Asse, r. in the county of Mark, in Westphalia,
runs into the Lippe. ^
Asseecoomdh, district of Fantee, on the Gold
coast of Africa.
Asseen, t. Persia, in Lar, 10 m. N. Gombroon.
Asseez Rus, cape, near the coast of Abyssinia,
Lon. 38° 18' E. Lat 18° 24' N.
Asselby, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 2 m, fr, Howden,
Asselheim, v. Bavarian province of the Rhine,
near Spires.
Asseln, v, Prussian county of Mark, baUiwick
of Unna, 9 ra. S. E. Paderbom.
Assem. See Lassam.
Assem. See Ardra.
.^ssen, t Holland, in Overyssel, where the pro
vincial states were wont to assemble, on the Hoo-
rendirp. The canal between it and the Zuyderr
Zee, is about 30 miles iu length, lira, S, Gro-
ningen. Asse7iede, t, Netiierlands, 1 m. S. W. Sas van
Ghent ' Pop. 3,120.
Assenheim, t G ermauy, in the county of Upper
Isenburgh, in the Wetterau, at the conflux of the
Nidda and Wetter, It is in the possession of Aus
tria. 11 m. N. E. Franldbrt on the Maine. Lon.
8°48'E, Lat 50° 19' Ni
Assens, bailiwick and a-p. on the W, coast of
the Danish island of Funen, in the Little Belt, op
posite Holstein,
Assente. See Ashantee.
Asserigo, t, Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 7 in, N.
E. Aquila,
Asies Ears, isl. in the Chinese sea, Lon, 114°
7'E, Lat 21° .55' N.
Asses Ears, 2 islands near Japan. Lon. 23° 23'
E. Lat 32° 2' N.
Assingdon. See .Ishdon.

AST
Assiniboins, of Red River, N. America, which
discharges its waters into the S. W, side of lake
Winnipeo. It divides at the distance of about 30
mUes from the lake, into two branches. The east-
em branch is called Red river, and the western
Assiniboins, Both are navigable for canoes to
their source, without a fall.
Assint Point, or Row Stoir, cape, Scotland, on
the W, coast of Sutherland co, Lon. 6° 18' W.
Lat 58° 13' N,
Assisi, t. Italy, in the pope's dominions, duchy
of Spoleto, 20 m, N, N. W. Spoleto.
Assita, t. Japan, in Ximo, 22 ra, W. Mudo.
Asso, v. Upper Italy, near the source of the
Lambro. Assodnagur, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, on the W,
side of the Beemah, 68 m. S, E, Poonah.
I'Assomptiun River, Lower Canada, runs south
into the St. Lawrence, 15 miles below MontreaL
I' Assomption, v. on both sides of the above riv
er, 10 miles above its mouth.
Asson, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, ¦with ex
tensive iron works. Pop. 2,490. 4 leagues S, E.
Pau. Assonet, p-v. Bristol co, Mass. 42 m. S. Boston.
Assonne, t. France, in Deux-Sevres, 64 leagues
N. N. E. Niort Pop. 2,000.
Assorick, t. Thibet, 60 m. S. Gangoutry.
Assos, now Beyram, s-p. A. Turkey, iu NatoUa,
on the gulf of Adramitti, 32 m. W. Adramitti.
Assumar, t Portugal, in Alentejo, S. of Porta
legre. Assumptibn, or Assongong, one of the Mari
anne, or Ladrone islands. It is conical, rising
600 feet, covered with lava from the eruptions of
a volcano in the centre. 15 m. S. Mang, or St
Lawrence. Lon. 140° 65' E. Lat 19° 46' N.
Assumption, p-t Lafourche co. .Louisiana, 91
m. fr. New Orleans. Pop. 2,472.
Assumption, or Assumpcion, cap. of Paraguay,
on the E, bank of the Paraguay, 18 miles above
the junction of the Pilcomayo. It exports hides,
tobacco, and sugar. From Buenos Ayres laige
boats arrive at the city of Assumption, after tvvo
or three months passage. Lon, 59° 35' W, Lat
24° 47' S,
,4ssumption,the name of two rivers of ^'lexico.
Assungiora, t. Eu. Turkey, two days' journey
W. Adrianople, on the Assum.
Assy, t. France, in the Oise, 34 leagues S.Cres-
py, 17 S.E, Beauvais.
Assyn-Kalesi, v. Asia Minor, in Caria, on the
site of the ancient Jasus. Lon, 27° 32' E. Lat.
37° 18' N.
Assyria, in Sac. Geog. an ancient kingdom of
Asia, U had Armenia N. Media and Persia E.
Lusiana S. and the river Tigris W. Chief t.
Nineveh. Asta, t Dutch Guelderland, 4 m, S. E. Culen-
bnrg. Asta, t Hind, in Bejapoor, 16 m. S, Currer.
.9sta, t. Peru, in Lima, 65 m. S. S, E. Pisco.
Astabat, t Persian Armenia, on the Aras, the
ancient Araxes, 20 m, S, E. Nascivan,
Astaffort, t, France, on the G ers, 6 leagues N. E,
Condom. Astafort, t, France, in the Lot and Garonne,
Pop, 4,140,
Astane, t Chinese Tartary, iu Hami, 20 m. N,
W, Hami,
Astara, t. Persia, 70 ra. N. Reshd, 100 E. Ta
briz. Lon. 49° E. Lat, 38° 20' N,

AST

ATA

€7

..istarutal, t. Persia, in Segistan, or Seistan, 100
m. N. Zareng, 220 W, N, W. Candahar.
Asiee, t Hind, in Dowlatabad, 50 m, E, S, E,
Aurungabad, Aslen, V. Dutch Brabant. Pop, 3,280.
.^sterabad, province, Persia, sometimes included
in that of Mazanderan, bounded W. by the Cas-
piansea, S. by mountains, separating it from Dam-
gan and Bistan, E. by the 68° of E. lon. and
N. by the Ashor. It is Uie ancient Hyrcania.
Asterabad, t Persia, cap, of the above, on the
3. E. shore of the Caspian se?,, at the mouth of the
Aster, 300 m, N, N. E- Ispahan. Lon. 54° E. Lat.
36° 44' N.
Asterwein, t Prussia, in Oberland, 6 m. E. Os-
terrod, Astery, r. Eng. falls into the sea at Hastings.
Astesan, or County of Asti, district, Upper It
aly, bounded W. by Chieri and Carmagnola, N,
by Vercellois, E. by Vercellois and Alexandrine,
S. by Gorzegno. It is about 25 miles long, and 10
broad, and forms part of the dominions of the
house of Savoy.
Asti, cap. of Astesan, in Upper Italy, on the
high road from Alessandria to Turin, 20 m. W.
Alessandria, 24 E. Turin. Pop. 22,000.
Astille, t France, in Mayenne, 3 leagues S, W.
Laval. Astley, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 5 ra. fr, Newton.
Pop. 1,723.
Astley Point, the S. point at the entrance of
Holkham bay, in Stephens' passage, on the
N, W. coast of America. Lon. 226° 35' E. Lat
57° 39' N.
Astomia, t on the N, coast of Candia, 12 m. E.
Retifflo. Aston, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 3 ra, fr. Northwitch,
Aston, t. Buckinghara co. Lower Canada, 10 m.
S. E. Three-Rivers.
Aston-UUhorp, hamlet, Eng. in Berkshire, 4 m.
fr. WaUingford.
Aston Wheaton, t Eng. in Staffordsliire, 9 m, fr,
Wolverhampton. Astorga, t, Spain, on a river, 17 leagues from
Leon. Itis the see of a bishop. Lou. 6° 225' W.
Lat 42° 33' N.
Astoria, settlement, at the mouth of Columbia
river, on the N. W, coast of Araerica, estabKshed
by the American Fur Company. It stands on the
S. side of the river, 14 miles from the ocean, Lat,
46° 15' N,
Astrabad, point, on the N. E, coast of the Crimea.
Astrdcan, or Aslralchan, province of Asiatic
Russia, bordering on the Volga, the Ural, and the
Caspian sea.
Astracan, cap. of the above province, on an
island in the Volga, about 52 miles from its mouth.
It is three miles in circumference, of very irregu
lar figure, and surrounded by a wall. There are
25 Russian churches and 2 convents ; likewise a
church for Roman Catholics ; the Armenians
also have a metropolitan church, Peter the
Great designed to ra'ake this place a great mart for
the produce of the world, and its situation is well
calculated for such a design, being connected by
the Volga and a canal with the Baltic and north
of Europe ; by the Caspian with Persia and the
south of Asia, and being near the Black sea,
through which is a communication with Africa
and the south of Europe. The population con
sists of a mixture of Russians, Armenians,
Greeks, Tartars, Persians, Jews, Indians, EngUsh,
and French. 'The Tartars and Armenians are

said to be the most numerous ; and the total popu
lation is estimated at 70,000, There ai-e said to
be 50 manufactories of silk in the city, aU' in the
hands of the Armenians ; extensive saltworks are
also carried on, and manufactures of gunpowder.
Among the exports may be enumerated fish, pig
and bar iron, about 40,000 pounds of cochineal
annually, and some indigo; woollen and linen
cloths, Russia leather, brocades, taffetas, satin,
and foreign velvets. The imports are raw and
spun cotton, and stuffs of the same material ; raw
and manufactured silk, shawls from Thibet and
Cashmere, and some furs. There is a considera
ble trade in jewels; oriental turquoises are sold
in great number by the Astracan merchants, and
the Indians deal in rubies and emeralds. The
chief traffic with Persia is carried on by Armeni
ans, It has suffered from conflagrations, owing to
the combustible materialspf which it is composed ;
but of late years an increased degree of attention
has been paid both to its safety and to its embel
lishment. It is a station of the Scotch missionary
society; for which its position is remarkably well
fitted, being frequented by merchants from every
nation between the Indus and the Black sea : by
means of whom, copies of the Bible, books, and
„ tracts are sent to Bagdat, Persia, Bucharia, and
even to China. It contains prosperous schools,
and a printing press, from which were issued, in
a single year, more than 15,000 copies of portions
of the Bible. 330 m, S, S, E, Saratov, 1,040 S. S,
E. Petersburg. Lon, 47° 44' E. Lat. 46° 21' N.
Astrop, V, Eng. Northampton co, where is a me
dicinal spring, 5 m, W. Brackley.
Asturia, or Asturias, a principality in the north
of Spain, which forras an unequal parallelogram.
Including Mohtanas, it is bounded N. by the bay
of Biscay, E. by the province of Biscay, S. E. by
Old Castile, S. by Leon, and W. by GaUcia. It
is commonly divided into Asturia d' Oviedo, and
Asturia de SantiUana, so called from their chief
towns : Asturia de SantiUana is sometiraes called
Las Montanas. The whole principality is colder
than the rest of Spain, owing to its lofty and steep
mountains. The hills are covered with exceUent
pastures, aud a great variety of fruit trees. The
most important occupation is the breeding of cat
tle, the horses being particularly noted for their
strength. In the interior are found lead, copper,
iron, magnesia, arsenic, cobalt, lapis lazuli, alum,
rock-crystal, and different kinds of marble, A
considerable trade is carried on in mules and salt
ed fish; the principal seaport is Gijon. Pop.
348,000, Asickd, t. Arabia, 28 m, S, Saade,
Asylum, p-v. Bradford co. Pa, on the Susqiie-
hannah, 176 m, above Harrisburg.
Atabalo, t Mexico, 30 ra, N, CuUacan.
Atabapu, r. Guiana, falls into the Orinoco.
Atacama, province of Peru, bounded N. by
Arica, N. E. by Lipes, S. E. by Salta and Tucu-
raan,.S. by the desert which separates it from Chi
li, and W, by the Ocean,
Atacama, chief t of the above, about 100 miles
from the coast Lon. 69° 3ff W, Lat, 23° 30' S,
Atalaya de Alagouta, t, Portuguese Estrema
dura, in Thomar. Pop. 1,400. 18 m.N. W.Lis
bon. Atalaya Sortelha, t Portugal, in Beira, 13 m.
N. Ei Castel Branco,
Atamut, t, Persia, in Irak, 40 m, IJ. E, Casbfn.
Atanari, r. New Granada, enters th&Moita.
Atapuera, t. Spain, in Old Castile, neaf Bnrgo^.

6S

A T H

Ataxora, t. Spain, in Navarre, 12 m, fr. OUta,
Atbara, a pass over the mountain Atbara, in
Geralia, Abyssinia.
Albas, a chain of raountains on the confines of
Yakutsk in Siberia.
Alchafalaya, an outlet of Mississippi river,
which leaves the raain streara 2 miles below the
mouth of Red river, and running south, nearly
200 miles, empties into Atchafalaya Bay.
Atchekatsk, t, A. Turkej^, on the Black sea, 15
m. S. W. Trebisond.
Atcheneoil, t Hind, 50 m, E, Travancore.
Atchinsk, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Tchulim,
546 m. S. S. E. Tobolsk. Lon, 89° 36' E, Lat
56° 20' N.
Atchirskai, t, Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch,
28 m, S. E. Omsk.
Atella, t. Naples, in BasiUcata, 37 ra, W. Ma-
tera. Atena, t. Naples, in principato Citra, 10 m, W.
Marsico Nuovo.
Affieh, t. Egypt, on a canal of the Nile, 35 m. S,
Cairo. Lon. 31° 8' E. Lat 29° 28' N,
Ath, or Aeth, t, Netherlands, in Hainault, on
the Dender, noted for its manufactures of linen.
It has also bleachfields and iron works, and a con
siderable trade. 18 m. N. W. Mons, 25 S. W.
Brussels. Pop, 7,650.
Athaboli, or Agastoboli, t Eu. Turkey, on the
Black sea, in Romania, 68 ra. N. E. Adrianople.
Athapescow, lake, in the north-west part of N.
America, in 59° N. lat and 110° W. lon. Itswa-
ters flow through Slave river into Slave lake,
Athboy, t. Ireland, in Meath, 29 m, N, W, Dub
Un, Athee, t, France, in Mayenne, on the Oudon, 5
leagues S, S. W, Lava,
Athee, t. France, in Indre-and-Loirc, on the
left bank of the Cher, 3 leagues S, W, Amboise.
Athelney, islet, Eng, in Somersetshire, at the
junction of the 'Thone and Parlet, a few miles be
low Taunton.
Athelstaneford, v. Scotland, Haddington co, 17
m. E. Edinburgh.
Athenah, t. 'Turkish Armenia, on the Black sea,
7 m, W, Trebisond,
Athenas, t. Egypt, 5 m. W. Benisuef,
Athene, t. Naples, in principato Citra, 18 ra. N,
Policastro, Athenry, v, and bor, Ireland, in Galway co, 10
m, E. Galw ay.
Miens, (n ow called Setines,) anciently the cap
ital of Attica, and the birth place of the most
distinguished orators, philosophers, and generals
of antiquity, is now an insignificant town in the
Turkish province of Livadia. It stands on the
rivulets of Ilissus and Cephissus, a few miles from
the western shore of Attica, 100 m. N. E. Misitra
(Sparta), and above 300 S. W. Constantinople.
'There are still, in the public edifices of this city,
ample testimonies of its former grandeur. The
relics of art seemhere indeed to have been watch
ed over by a particular providence ; for while tho
ruins of Delphos, Delos, Olympia, Argos, Sparta,
and Corinth, disappoint the traveller by their in
significance, those of Athens remain, for the most
part, in a state little inferior to their original
splendour. The hard and stony soil on which tho
principal part of the city was built, has prevent
ed any considerable sinking of the temples and
otljer great {nonuments in a lapse of more than
2000 yfeftrs; Add to this, that a dry atmosphere
h-'S -prptocted the stone from corrosion, and pre-

A T I
served to the work of the architect and statuary all
their original gloss and polish. The modern town
is a smaU open place, with narrow and crooked
streets. The houses are mostiy mean and strag
gling. The population is from 8,000 to 10,000,
of whom one-fourth are Turks, and the remain
der Greeks. Lon. 23° 63' E. Lat 38° 2' N.
Athens, t. Somerset co, Maine, 22 m, N. E. Nor
ridgewock, 50 N. Hallowell. Pop. 374.
Athens, t Windham co. Vt, 26 ra. S. E. Windsor,
Pop. 478,
Alliens, p-t. Greene co. N. Y, on the Hudson.,
opposite Hudson city, 28 m, below Albany, Pop.
about 1,000.
Athens, p-t. Braiiford co. Pa. on the Snsquehan-
nah, at the junction of the Tioga. Pop. 759.
Athens, p-t Clarke co. Geo. 70 m. N. MUledge-
ville. FrankUn college in this place, commenced
operation in 1803. It has a president, 4 profess
ors, 2 tutors, and about 50 students. Its funds are
100,000 dollars in bank stock, and 60,000 acres of
land ; 12,0(30 dollars have been appropriated to
the purchase of a library and philosophical appar
atus. Athens, t Limestone co. Alabama.
Athens, co. Ohio, on the Hookhocking, at its
junction 'with the Ohio river. Chief t Athens.
Pop. in 1815, 3,960.
Athens, p-t and cap. Athens co. Ohio, on the
east bank of the Hookhocking, 37 mUes above its
confluence with the Ohio, 40 W. Marietta, 52
E. ChilUcothe. The Ohio university is estabbdied
here. It has funds in land which yield an annu
al income of 2,500 doUars ; and a spacious brick
building, erected in 1818.
Atherfield Point, on the S. coast of the Isle of
Wight Lon. 1° 13' W. Lat 50° 36" N.
Atherstone, t Eng. Warwickshire, 13 m. from
Coventry. Atherstone upon Stour, v. Eng. in Warwick
shire, 3 m. S. Stratford on .4 von.
Atherton, or Chowbent, t. Eng. in Lancashire.
Pop, 3,794, 7 m, S. W. Boston,
Athie, or Athies, v. France, in Somme, on the
Amignon, 11 leagues E. Amiens,
Athis, t. Normandy, in Orne, 6 leagues N, Dom-
front Pop. 3,350.
Athlone, t Ireland, Westmeath co. on the Shan
non, 55 m. W. DubUn.
Atliol, a mountainous district of Scotland, in the
northern part of Perthshire, about 45 miles long,
by 40 broad.
' Alhol, p-t. Worcester co. Mass, 71 m. N. W.
Boston, 33 N. W. ^Vorceeter. Pop. 1,041,
Athol, t. Warren co. N. Y. 65 m. N. Albany.
Pop. 443.
Athos, Mount, now caUed Monte Santo, a lofty
mountain in Macedonia, on apeninsula formed by
the gulfs of Contessa and Monte Santo, W. of the
island of Lemnos. It is protected by fortifications
frora the incursions of the corsairs, and inhabited
by about 6000 monks, who are chiefly supported
by the voluntary contributions of the Greek
Christians in Russia, WaUachia, Moldavia, and
other countries, Lon. 24° 30' E. Lat, 41° 8' N,
Athy, t Ireland, Kildai'e co, intersected by the
Barrow, which is navigable here ; and the navi
gation is extended by a canal to Dublin, 32 m.
S, W, Dublin,
Alia, t. in the Arabian Irak, 70 ra, E, of Hamar
dan. Atiatis, isl. off the coast of Brazil, Lon,' 50°
36' W, Lat 0° 5' S.

ATT

AVA

69

Atieo, t. Peru, in Arequipa, 50 m. N, N, W,
Camana. Atienca, t, Spain, in Old Castile, 20 m. N, Si-
guenca, Atiggio, t in Italy, 12 m, S, Camerina,
Atirui, t Naples, in Terra di Bavoro, 10 m, N,
Aquino. Alipalli, t Hind, in Mysore, 8 ra, N, W, Oussoor,
Atkarsk, t. Russia, 52 m. from Saratov.
Atkinson, p-t Rockingham co. N. H. 24 m. S, W,
Portsmouth. Pop. 556. Here is an academy.
Atkinson, Point, on the N. W. coast of Ameri
ca, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237° 6' E. Lat.
49° 21' N.
Atkueri, t, Turkish Armenia, 21m, E, Aghal
zighe, Atlantic Ocean, lies between Europe and Afri
ca, on the E, and America on the W, It is 3,000
miles wide,
¦ Atlas, chain of mountains, stretching through
Barbary, and dividing its cultivated territory from
the vast desert of sand which fills the greater part
of central and northern Africa, The part of this
chain along the eastern boundary of the empire
of Morocco, is by far the loftiest. According to
repeated observations, it rises to upwards of 13,000
feet ; and its summits, even in this tropical region,
are covered with perpetual snow. As the chain
alters its direction, and stretches through eastern
Barbary, it diminishes considerably in height,
and spreads into various branches.
• Allim, t. Siberia, in Tobolsk, on the Ob. Lon,
67° 14' E, Lat 62° 5' N,
Atlisco, t Mexico, in Puebla, 20 m, S, W. La
Puebla de los Angelos,
Atolonisco, t. Mexico, iu New Biscay, 140 m,
N, W. Durango.
Atooi, or Atoway, one of the larger Sandwich
islands, N. W, of Owhyhee, in the Pacific ocean,
about 30 miles in length. It has a good roadstead
on the S, W. side, called Wymoa. Pop. estimated
at 54,000. From the frequent visits of British
navigators, some of the natives can now converse
in EngUsh, and several Europeans reside among
them. Lon. 169° 40' W. Lat, 21° 57' N,
Atouguia,t. Portugal, on the coast of Estrema
dura, 3 m. E. Peniche. Pop. 1,300.
Atoyaque, r. Mexico in New Spain, falls intothe
Pacific, in 18° N. Lat On it is the natural bridge
Ponti di Dio, over which coaches and carriages
conveniently pass, 100 m. S. E. Mexico.
Atquar, t Hind. 10 m. S. Timeyrcotta.
Atralo, r. Darien, rises in the mountains of Cho
co, and running from S. to N. raore than 95 leagues,
faUs into the gulf of Darien in Lon. 77° 6. W. Lat.
8°2'N. Atri, or Atna, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 28
m. N. E, Aqmla,
Atshar, t. Little Bukharia, 80 m, E. N. E. Ascu,
Atsion, V, Gloucester CO. N.J. '60 m. S. E. Phil
adelphia. Attacoor, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 30 m, N. N,
W. Vellore.
Altakapas, co, Louisiana, on the gulf of Mexico,
W. of the Atchafalaya. Chief t FrankUn. Pop.
7,639; slaves 3,131,
Attalcapas, p-t, Atlakapas district, Louisiana.
; Attakkeni, t. A. Turkey, jn Natolia, 44 m. N.
W. Eregri.
Attancala, t.Hind, 67 m, N, W, Cape Comorin,
Attancourt, v. France, on the Blaise, in Upper
Mame, 11 leagues S, E, Chalons-sur-Mame.
Atiariff, V. Upper Egypt, 30 m, S. Girge.

Attellara, or Atellari, r. Sicily, runs into the
Mediterranean, between Syracuse and Cape Pas
saro, Attenagal, t. Ceylon, 25 m, N, E, Colombo.
AUendorn, t. Westphalia, 45 m. E. N, E, Co
logne, AttenJiove, t, Netherlands, 3 m, N, E. Landen.
Attercliffe, t Eng. Yorkshire, IJ m. S. E, Shef
field. Pop. 2,673,
Attersee, lake, Austria, circle of Hausruck.
Attery, r. Eng. runs intothe Tamar near Laun-
ceston. Attia, t Persia, in Seisten, 25 m, W. Harra.
Attica, p-t. Genesee co, N, Y, 12 m, S, Batavia.
Attichy, t. France, on the Aisne, in Oise, 4
leagues N. N. W. Soissons.
Attigny, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Aisne,
11 leagues N. E. Rheims,
Attimis, t. Italy, in the FriuU, 9 m, N, E. Udina.
Altkborough, t, Eng. Norfolk co. Pop, 1,413.
12 m. from 'Thetford and Norwich,
Altkborough, p-t, Bristol co. Mass, 29 m, S. W,
Boston, 9 N. Providence, Pop'. 2,716.
Altkborough, p-t. Buclcs co. Pa. 20 ra, N. E, Phil
adelphia. Attlebury, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y, 63 m. S. Al
bany, Attock, or Attock Benaras, t, and fort on the E.
bank of the Indus, in lon. 71° 15' E. lat 33° 6* N.
Attoor, t Hind, 6 ra. S, S. W. Dindigul.
Attoor, t. Hind, in Barramaul, 50 m, N. Trichi
nopoly. Attuie, t. Arabia, 76 m. W. S. W, Saade.
Attyah, t and district, Bengal, N, W. Dacca.
Alued, t. Sweden, in East Gothland, 18 m, S. E,
Lidkoping. Atuntash, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 18 ra. S. S.
E, Kutayeh.
Atunxauxa, t Peru, 70 ra, E. Lima.
Atures, Falls of, in tiie Orinoco, about 100 miles
from its mouth.
Atwater, t. Portage co, Ohio, on Cuyahoga riv
er, 15 m. W. Ravenna.
Atwood's Keys, islands among the Bahamas.
Lon. 73° iff W. Lat 23° 8' N.
Atybach, v. Germany, in Nassau-Weilburg, be^
tween Giessen and Wetzlar. Pop. 5,000. •
Au, t, Bavaria, in Iser, 12 m, N. W, Mosburg.
Au, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube, in the
quarter below the Muhl ; another in the quarter
below the Forest of Vienna ; also a village in Sua
bia, on the Bregentz,
Au, V, Baden, on the Rhine, circle of the Murg,
bailiwick of Rastadt
Au, or Aubach,- r. Bavaria, rises near Ober-
Mennichau, and running through Thurnau, joins
the Maine 4 miles below.
.iva. See Birman Empire.
Ava, or Aungwa, the ancient capital of the Bir
man empire. It is now deserted, the seat of gov
ernment having been transferred to Urarapora, 4
miles distant, Lat 21° 51' N. Lon. 95° 68' E.
Ava, t. A, Turkey, in Caramania, 12 m, N, W,
Alanieh, Aval. See Bahhrein Islands.
Avalas, t, Servia, 12 m. S, Belgrade,
Avalon, peninsula, the S. E, corner of, New-
foundla^nd, joined to the island by a neck of land
between Placencia and Trinity bays.
Avalon, t. France, in Yonne, on the Cousin.
Pop, 4,200 ; 20 leagues W. Dijon,
Avar, Awar, or Oar, city of Russia, in the east
ern parts of Caucasus, ^

70

A U B

Avary, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 12 m. N.
E. Blois.
Aeatscha, bay, on the E. coast of Kamtschatka,
into which the Avatschka and Paratounlia or II-
mitsh empty. It is about 25 miles in circumfer
ence , its entrance is 4 miles long, and 2 or 3 wide.
Lon. 158° 49' E. Lat 52° 61' N.
Avaux, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Aisne,
near Rheims. Pop. 1,500.
Aub, or Auw, t. Bavaria, on the GoUach, 17 m.
S. Wurtzburg,
Aubagne, t, France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
Pop, 5,600. 17 leagues N. W. Aix.
Aubais, t. France, in Gard, 10 m. S. W.
Nismes. Aube, 1. France, rises in the department of Up
per Marne, and falls into the Seine, a few mUes
above Nogent-sur-Seine.
• Aube, a department of France, bounded N. by
Marne, E. by Upper Mame, S. E. by Cote d'Or,
S. W. by Yonne, and N. W. by Seine and Marne.
Pop. in 1815, 223,819. The capital is Troyes.
.dubel, V, Netherlands, in Limburg, near Dar-
theim. Pop, above 3,000.
Aubenas, t, France, on the Ardeche, 5 leagues
S, W, Privas. Pop. 3,315.
Aubenton, t. France, on the Aube, in Aisne, 6
leagues S. W, Rocroy. Pop. 1,100,
Auberg, t. Upper Austria, on the Danube, op
posite Lintz.
Auberive, t. France, in Marne, 64 leagues E,
Rheims, Auberive, v. France, in Isere, 17 leagues W.
Grenoble ; another in Upper Mame, 8 leagues S.
Chaumont, Auberoche, v. France, in Dordogne, 6 m. E.
Perigueux, Aubert Gallion, seigniory, Buckingham and
Dorchester cos. Lower Canada, on the Chaudiere,
55 m. S, E, Quebec,
Aubeterre, t. France, on the Drone, in Cha
rente, 9 leagues S. Angouleme.
Aicbette, r. France, joins the Seine near Rouen,
Aubevilliers, t France, 3 m, N. N. E. Paris ;
another in Somme, 5 leagues S, E, Amiens.
Aubieres, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 1 league
S. E. Clermont-Ferrand.
Aubiers, i. France, in Deux-Sevres, 16 leagues
N. Niort,
Aubiet, t France, in Gers, 9 m, E. Auch.
. Aubignac, t France, in Indre, 18 leagues S, W
Bourges. Aubignan, t. France, 5i leagues N.E.Avignon,
Pop. 1,320.
Aubigne, t France, 6 leagues from La Fleche,
Aubigny, or Avigny, t, France, in Cher, on the
Nesse, 14 leagues S, E, Orleans, Pop. 2,550,
Aubigny, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 2 i leagues
W. Arras; another in Loire and Clier, 7
leagues S. Orleans.
Aubin, t Switzerland, 8ra, S, S. W. NeufchateL
Aubing, V. Bavaria, 4 m. from Munich.
Aubondange, v, France, in Meurthe, 84 leagues
N, E. Nancy.
Avbonne, t Switzerland, in Vaud, 11 m, W. S,
W. Lausanne, Pop, 1,600,
Auburn. See ./ilboume.
Auburn, p-v. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. in the
township of Aurelius, at Uic outlet of Owasco lake,
170 m, ¦W,Albany, on the great western turnpike.
Pop. in 1817, about COOO, Ithas numerous mills
and manufactorie,5, and a state pri?on large enough

AVE
to contain 1,000 prisoners, A Presbyterian Tlieo-
logical Seminary has been lately established here.
Aubusson, t. France, on the left bank of the
Creuse, 16 leagues S, E. Limoges. Pop. 3,620.
Auca, t, on the confines of Persia, 170 m, S. 8-
W. Bulkh.
Auch, or Aujtch, t. France, in Gers, Here are
raanufactures of sferge and of tiie coarse woollen?
called barat; also tanneries. Pop, 8,800. 16
leagues W, Toulouse.
Auche-en-Braye, v. France, Lower Seine, 2 m.
E. Tournay.
Auchterarder, I, Scotland, iu Perthshfre, Pop.
of Uie parish 2,508, 16 m. S. S. W. Perth.
Auchtermuehty, t Scotland, in Fifeshire. Pop.
2,40.3. 9 m. W. Cupar.
Auchy, t. France, on the Authie, in Pas de Ca
lais, 8 leagues S. E. Montreuil. Pop. 2,000.
Aucland, Bishops, t Eng. Durham co. Pop.
1,807. 12 m. S. S. W. Durham,
Auckland, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
85 m. S, E, Three-Rivers.
Auckland, West, t, Eng. Durham co.
Aude, r. France, rises in the eastern Pyrenees,
empties N. E, of .Narbonne, into lake Vendres,
which communicates with the Mediterranean.
Aude, a department of France, bounded N, E.
by Herault, N. by Tarn, E, by the Mediterrane
an, S. by eastern Pyrenees, and W. by Arriege.
Pop. 240,993. The capital is Carcassonne.
Audene, isl. in the North sea, 30 miles long and
10 broad, 40 m. from Norway. Lat 60° 12" N.
Audenge, t France, 7 leagues W. S. W. Bour
deaux. Audieme, t. France, iu Finisterre,7 leagues W,
Quimper. Avdincourt, v. France,, on the Doubs, 4 m. E.
S.E. MontbelUard.
Audrieu, or Andrieu, t France, in Calvados, 3
leagues W. Caen.
Audruick, t. France, 4 leagues S. E. Calais.'
Audun-k-Roman, v. France, in MoseUe, 4
leagues S. E. Longwy.
Aue, t Saxony, in Sch-wartzenburg, on the
Mulda, 10 m. S. E. Zwickau.
Aue, I. Hanover, joins the Gosche nearllien-
worth, to form Modem river; another iu Holstein,
runs into the Elbe. It is navigable to Elmshorn ;
another falls into the Weser ; another falls into
the Seine, near Blumenau.
Ave, r. Portugal, faUs into tiie Atiantic, N.Oporto.
Avebury. See Abury.
Aregos, t. Portugal, in Beira, 16 m. S. W. Lamego.
.'Irein, t. Luxembuig, 6 m. N. Rochefort
Aveiras de Baixas, t Portuguese Esti'emadura,
15 m. S. W. Santarem.
Aveiras de Cuina, t. Portuguese Estremadura,
12 m. S. W. Santarem
Aimro, t. Portugal, in Beira. Pop. 7,000. 33
m. S. Oporto.
Aiclghem, t. Netherlands, near Courtrai. Pop.
3,350. Arelim, t Hind, in Soonda, 14 m, S, Goa.
Arclla, t, Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 15 ra. E,
Naples. Anilino, t, Naples, in principato Ultra, 25 m.
E. Naples. It is the see of a bishop. Pop, 9,000,
Aven, r. France, falls into the sea, S, E,, Brest.
Arrnay. t France, in Marne, 16 m, W. N, W,
Chalons-sur-Mame. Ai-rnchcs, or Wifflis, t Switzerland, 18 m. S.Wi
Berne,

AUG
.li'cr, r, Lithuania, runs into the Aregel, 12 m.
W. Insterburg.
Auerbach, t. in the Saxon part of Vogtiand, 60
m, W, S. W. Dresden. Pop, 2,000.
Avemakoe, isl. Denmark, near the S. coast of
Fyen. Lon, 10° 18' E, Lat 55° 2' N,
Avemo, Lago d', a lake near Pozzuolo, in Terra
di Lavora, Naples.
Averon, isl. in the North sea, near Norway.
Lat 63° 6' N.
Aversa, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavora, the an
cient Atella. It is the seat of a bishop, of a royal
governor, and a judge. Pop. 13,800. 8 m, N. Na
ples, Anerstadt, v, Thuringia, 22 m, N. E, Erfurt, on
the road to Leipzig,
Averto, isl. in the gulf of Venice, near Friuli,
Lat 45° 46' N.
Avery, t. Huron co. Ohio.
Avery'sboro, p-t. Cumberland co, N. C. on Cape
F^ar river, 26 ra. above Fayetteville.
Aues, isl. 16 leagues from the coast of Venezue
la. Lon, 16° W, Lat 11° 66' N.
Ares, or Bird' s Island, West Indies, Lat.'16° 30'
N. Lon. 63° 16' W.
Avesa, r. Italy, runs into the Adriatic, near Ri-
raini, AvesJi, or Os, t. Turkestan, near the Sir, 80 ra,
S. S.E. Andegan.
Avesnes, t. France, on the Hepres, 3 leagues
from Maubeuge, in North. Pop. 2,700.
Avestad, t. Sweden, in Dalecarlia, near Fahlun,
wiUi a copper refinery, and forges for copper, iron,
and nails.
Aceurdre, t France, on the left bank of the
Allier, 6 leagues S. S, W. Nevers.
Aveyron, r, France, runs into the Tarn, 8 m.
above Montauban, It is navigable to Negrepelisse,
Aveyron, department of France, bounded N. by
Cantal, N. E, by Lozere, E. by Gard, S. E, by
Herault, S. W, by Tam, and W, by Lot Pop,
318,047, . .. I
Aveso, V, Spain, in Galicia, 6 m, from Astorga,
Avezsano, t, Naples,^ in Abruzzo Ultra, Pop.
2,700. 6 m, S, W, Celano, 18 S. Aquila.
Avffay, V. France, in Lower Seine, on the Seye,
7 leagues N. Rouen.
Auge, or Ange, v. France, in Deux-Sevres, 7
leagues S. E, Niort,
Auge, 1 , France, runs into the Aube, near An-
glure. Avgila, district and t. of Africa, on the route
between Siwah and Fezzan, norninally subject to
Tripoli. Auglaize, r. Ohio, runs N, into the Maumee, at
Fort Defiance. "
Augsburg, city in Bavaria, (forraerly free and
imperial,) at the conflux of the Lech and Wcrtach,
40 m. N. W, Munich. There are here manufac
tures in silver, fine cotton, wire, and tobacco.
The engraving on copper affords support to many.
Another important branch of traffic is bookselling
and pubEsMng, especially in Catholic literature.
The celebrated Augsburg confession of faith was
here presented by Luther and Melancthon, in
1630, to the emperor Charles V, and the princes
of file empire, Lon, 10° 63' E, Lat 48° 17' N,
Pop, 30,000.
Augsburg, a secularised bishopric of Germany,
now foi;ming part of Bavaria. It took its name
from the city of Augsburg,
Augst, or Kaiser's Augst, v. Switzerland, in the
Frickthal, canton of Aargau ; another opposite to

A V'# 71
I ¦¦ ,
it, belonging to the town of Bale, 6 m, E, Bale ;
another in Zurich, district of Horgen ; another in
Zurich, district of Knonau.
Augusta, t Grenville co. Up. Canada, on the
St. Lawrence.
Augusta, p-t and cap. Kennebeck co. Maine, oa
the Kennebeck, 46 miles from its raouth, 2 N.
HalloweU, 56 N. E, Portiand. The river is nav
igable to this place for vessels of 100 tons. Pop.
1,806. Augusta, p-t. Oneida co, N. Y, 12 m, S, W, Uti-
ca. Pop. 2,004,
Augusta, t. Saratoga oo. N, Y.
A'ugusta, p-t, Sussex co. N. J. 79 m. N. Tren
ton. Augusta, t, Northumberland co. Pa, on the E.
side of the Susquehanna, 40 m. N. Harrisburg.
Pop. 1,373,
Augusta, a central co, Va, Chief t Staunton.
Pop, 14,308 ; slaves 2,880. ,
Augusta, city and cap. Richmond co. Geo. on
Savannah river, just below the falls ; 127 miles N.
W. Savannah, by land, 340 by water, and 86 N.
E. MiUedgeviUe, Pop. in 1810, 2,476, and in
1819, more than 4,000. It is well situated for
commerce. Large quantities of cotton and other
produce are brought to Augusta from Uie back
country, and carried down the river to Savannah.
Augusta, p-t, and cap. Bracken co, Kentucky,
on the Ohio, 90 m. N. E. Frankfort, 22 below
MaysviUe. Pop. 265.
Augusta, t Columbiana co. Ohio.
Augusta Point, the N. E. point of king George
Ill's archipelago. Lon. 225° 10' E. Lat. 68° 3' N,
Augustana, t Croatia, 12 m. S. Agram.
Augustine^St. * See St. Augustine.
Augustow, or Augustowo, t. Poland, in Lomza,
56 m. N. W, Bielsk, Pop, 2,000.
Auhaff, t. Austria, 6 m, S. S. W. Ips.
Auhdusen, v. Bavaria, circle of the Rezat, on
the Wernitz.
Auhr, t. Prussia, in Oberland, 5 m. S. W. Leib-
muhl. Aviano, t. Italy, in FriuU, 28 m. W. Udina, 15
E. S. E. Belluno.
Avido, t. A. Turkey, on the Hellespont, 17 m.
S. W. Lampsaki, Lon. 26° 28' E. Lat. 40° 7' N.
Avigliano, v. Piedmont, in Susa, Pop, 2,880.
11 m, W, Turin,
AviglianOjl. Naples, in Otranto, 7 ra. E.Otranto.
Aviglione, t. Naples, in BasiUcata, 13m. W, Op-
pido. Avignon, city, France, on the Rhone, capital
of the dep. of Vaucleuse, 16 leagues N. W. Aix,
168 S. E. Paris. Lon. 4° 53' E. Lat 43° 56' N.
It was the seat of the popes from 1307 tiU 1377,
and in 1348, the reigning pope, Clement VI. bought
the sovereignty of Avignon for 80,000 golden flor
ins. Its formal cession by the Pope to France was
stipulated in the treaty of Tolentino on tbe Wth
February 1797. Avignon was formerly the seat
of an archbishop ; a,t present itis the see of a bish-
op. Pop. 23, 211.
Avignonet, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 8
leagues S. E. Toulouse. Pop. 1,760.
AvUa, province, Spain, in Old Castile, inclosed
by those of S'alamanca, ValladoUd, Segovia, a,nd
Toledo. Pop, in 1787, 113,762. The chief town,
Avilla, is on the Adaga, and was oUce one of the
richest cities in Spain. Pop. 4,000. 50 m. N. W.
Madrid. Lon. 5° W, Lat 40° 46' N.
Avila, or Aviks, t. Spain, in Asturia, near the
bay of Biscay, 15 m. N. Oviedo,

72

A V O

Aviia Fuente, t Spain, in Old Castile, 16 m. fr.
Segovia, Aviles, t. Portugal, on thecoast of Oporto. Pop.
2,300, Avin, t Hind. 24 m, N, E. Coimbetore.
Avire, t. France, in Mayenne, 6 leagues N. W.
Angers, Ads, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 9 m, N, W, Es-
tremoz. Pop, 1,600.
.Ivis, V. Tyrol, on the Adige, in Trent,
Aviso, t, Naples, in Lavora, 6 m, E, Sora,
Avize, t, France, in the Gard, 18 m, S, Rheims.
Aulaine, t. France, in Sarthe, 5 leagues from
Le Mans.
Aulapaladurgan, t. Hind, in Mysore, 15 ra, S.
W. Dalmacherry.
Aulas, t France, iu Gard, 15 leagues W.
Nismes, Aulaster. See Aleester.
Auldearn, v, Scotland, Nairn co. Pop, 1,406,
3 m, S. E, Nairn,
Aukndorf, t. Suabia, 8 m. N. Ravensburg. Pop.
1,900. Auktta, t. Naples, in principato Citra, 4 m. W.
S. W. Cangiano, 32 S. E. Salerno.
Aulnay, 2 towns, France, in Calvados. Pop. of
one 1,500; of the other, 2,000.
Aulnay, t. France, in Lower Charente, Pop.
1,250. 7 leagues N, N, E, Saintes, — Another in
Vienne, 16 leagues N. N. W. Poitiers.
Aulona. See Valona.
Aulps, t. France, in Var. Pop. 3,000.
.4m//, s-p, France, in Somme, 6 leagues W, Ab-
beviUe. Auma, t. Germany, belonging to Prussia, 44 m.
. S, S. W. Leipsic.
, Aumale, t. France, in Lower Seine, Pop, 1,720.
Aumignon, r. France, falls into the Somme
above Seronne,
Aumodtirm, t, Hind, in Mysore, 17 m, W, S. W.
Periapatara, Aun, t. Persia, in Seistan, 130 ra. S. S. E, Za
reng. Aunay, v, France, in Nievre, 84 leagues E. N.
E. Nevers.
Aune, T. Eng, falls into the sea near Plymouth.
Auneau, or Auneaux, t. France, in Eure and
Loire, 5 leagues E, Chartres.
Auneuil, t. France, in Oise, 2 leagues S, W.
Beauvais, Pop, 1,080,
Aunis, province of France, in Lower Charen-
tes, Aunoe, isl, Denmark, o^the S, W. coastof Zea
land. Lon, 11° 46' E, Lat, 66° 5' N,
Auntao, t. Chili, on the coast, 200 ra, S. Val
divia. Lat, 42° 6ff S.
Avogli, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 50 m. S, E, Taj
bris, Avoise, t. France, in Sarthe, 12 m. frora La
Fleche. Avola, t. Sicily, in Val di Noto, 3 ra, N, E. Noto,
Avon, r. Scotiand, falls into the Spey ; another
falls into the Clyde, near Hamilton ; another runs
between the counties of Stirling and Linlithgow,
into the frith of Forth, W, of Borrowstounness.
Avon, r. Eng. falls into the English channel.
The lower part is navigable for large vessels.
Another, runs into the Severn near Berkely ; an
other, joins the Severn at Bristol. It is naviga
ble to Bath ; another, joins the Severn at Tewks-
bury. .-Irnn. r. Walp=. rvm into the Bristol channel, 6

A U R
m. S, Neath ; another, flows into the Irish sea at
Barmouth, , Avon, r. Nova Scotia, falls into the Atiantic E,
of Halifax,
Avon, t. Somerset co, Maine, 35 m. N. W, Nor
ridgewock, Avon, p-t. Ontario co, N, Y. on Genesee river,
21 m, 'VV. Canandaigua. Pop. 1,880,
Avoslola, T. Piedmont, runs into the Cervo, 24
m. W. Buronza,
Avova, Cape, Caramania, on the W. side of the
bay of Adalia.
Avoyelles, parish, Louisiana, S. of Red river.
Chief t Avoyelles, Pop. 1,209.
Avoyelles, p-t. Avoyelles district, Louisiana.
Aupach, r, Bohemia, runs into the Eger near
Carlsbad. Aupitsbach, r. Saxony, in Thuringia, falls into
the Grumbach, 5 m, E, Weissenfels,
Aurach, t, Germany, on the Iller, 3 m, S, W.
Bamberg ; another in Wirtemberg, 9 m, E. N. E.
Wurzach. Aurach, r. Franconia, falls into the Regnitz near
Erlangen. Aurainxille, t France, in Meurthe, 6 m. N.
Tout. Aurajocki, r. Finland, runs into the gulf of Both
nia, a little below Abo.
Auran, t Syria, 60 m. S. Damascus.
Avranches, t France, in La Manche, half a
league from the sea. SmaU vessels come up the
river Seez, close to the town. Pop. 6,000. 222
m. W. Paris.
Auray, t. France, on the gulf of Morbihan, 4
leagues W. Vannes. Pop. 3,200.
Auray, r. France, runs into the English dian
nel, Lat.47°34'N.
Aurbach, t Upper Palatinate of Ba^-aria, 30
m, N. E, Nuremberg.
Aurbach, r. Germany, runs into the Lahn, 2 m.
above Nassau.
Aure, r. France, faUs into the Eure ; another,
joins the Drome below Bayeux.
Aurec, t. France, in Upper Loire, 9 m, S, W.
St. Etienne.
Aurelius, p-t. and cap. Cayuga co. N. Y. on .
Cayuga lake. Pop. 4,642. It contains tiiree post
¦viUages, Auburn, Cayuga, and Union Springs.
Aurette, r, France, falls into the Eure near
Bourges, Auriac, t France, in Upper Garonne, 17 m, S,
E. Toulouse.
Aurich, cap, of the principality of East Fries
land, in the kingdom of Hanover. Pop, 2,200.
It is connected by a canal with Embden, 12 m.
N. E. Embden,
Auriga, t, Italy, in Uie ValteUne, 21 m. S, S,W.
Bormio. Aurige, or Laurige, i. France, runs into the
Garonne above Toulouse,
Aurignac, t. Gascony, in Upper Garonne, 14
leagues S. E. Touluose.
Aurigny, isl, France, in the English channel, 20
ra, N, Jersey, 7 W. Cape La Hogue,
Aurillac, t. France, on tiie Jordane, in Cantal.
Pop. in 1815, 10,332. Ill leagues S. Paris.
Aurilk, t. France, in Mayenne-and-Loire, 1
league N. W. Angers.
Auriol, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 5
leagues N. E. Marseilles. Pop. 3,700.
Aunpo. t. North Finland, 62 m, S, S, E, Bior-
nchorg.

A U S
.'iitritli, or Uhrl, t. New Mark of Brandenburg,
»u the Oder, 6 m. S, Frankfort,
Auroir, t. France, iu Cher, 7 m, N, W, San-
coins, Aurohmunster,t. Upper Austria, 16 m, S, Passau,
Auron, r, France, falls into the Eure below
Bourges, • Auronsa, t. Italy, in the Cadorin, 7 m. N, Ca
dora, Aurora, p-v, Cayuga co, N, Y. on Cayuga lake,
16 m, S. W, Auburn.
Aurora, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga riv
er, 10 m. N. W. Ravenna, Pop. 189,
Aurora Island, one of the New Hebrides. Lon.
168° 24' E. Lat, 15° 6' N.
Auros, V. France, in Gironde, 12 leagues S. E.
Bourdeaux. Auroux, t, France, in Lozere, 74 leagues N, E.
Mende. Aurumoir, t Hind, in Dowlatabad, 18 m. N.
Indelovoy. :Husa, r. Italy, enters the Adriatic sea at Rimini.
Ausche, t, Bohemia, 8 m. E, N. E. Leutmeritz.
Aush, t. Turkestan, 70 m. E. Toncat
Auspitz, t Moravia, circle of Brunn. Pop.
2,215. 42 m, S. S. W. Olmutz.
Aussee, t Inner-Austria,' 48 m. W. N. W. Ju-
denburg. Aussee, v, Moravia, 12 m. N. N; W, Olmutz.
Aussergefeld, t. Bohemia, circle of Prackatitz,
6 m. W. Winterberg.
A'ussig, or Ausli, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 10
m. N. W. Leutmeritz,
Aust, V, Eng, Gloucestershfre, on the left side
of the Severn, 12 m. fr. Bristol.
Aust, r. BavEiria, passes by Au, and flows into
the Danube.
Austerfield, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 2 m. fr, Bawtry,
Austerlitz, or Slawkow, t Moravia, in the circle
of Brunn, 12 m, E, S, E, Brunn, Pop, 1,620,
Near this place a great battle was fought, on the
2d December, 1805, between the French com
manded by Bonaparte, and the united forces of
Austria and Russia, with their respective sove
reigns at their head. This battle ended in the
total discomfiture of the Austro-Russian army.
A-ustevold, isl, in the North sea, near Norway,
Lat 60° Z N,
Auslinburg, p-t, Ashtabula co, Ohio, on Grand
river, 3 m. W. Jefferson.
Austinsdlle, p-t, Wythe co, Va, on the Kenha-
wa, 284 m, S, W. Richmond.
Aiistin's Creek, Georgia, runs into the Savan
nah, 12 m, N, Savannah,
,^tis/mZo«)™, p-t, Trumbull co, Ohio, 12 m, S,-
Warren, Pop. 440.
Austonley, or Austeriley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4
m. fr. Huddersfield.
Australasia, in modem Geography, the fifth
great division of the globe. It includes the nu
merous islands which lie between the limits of 3°
N. and 50° S. lat and between 95° and 185° E.
lon. It embraces New Holland, Van Diemen's
Land, Papua or New Guinea, New Britain, New
Ireland, iVew Caledonia, and New Zealand, to
gether ,with a multitude of smaller islands sur
rounding them in all directions.
Australia del Espiritu Santo.. See Hebrides,
New. - '. ¦
Austria, circle of, the largest of the ten circles
into which the empire of Germany was divided.
It was bounded N, by Bohemia and Moravia; E,
by Hungary ; S. by t&e gulf of Venice and Italy ;
10

A U S

73

and W, by Switzerland and Bavaria . Those lim
its include all the present dominions of Austria
in Germany, except Bohemia, Moravia and Aus
trian Silesia. This country is now divided into
four parts, iu reference to their administration, by
the chancery at Vienna; viz. Lower, Inner, and
Upper Austria, and the kingdom of lUyria,
Lower Austria, is divided into the country be
low the Ens, and the country above the Ens. The
country below the Ens is subdivided into four
quarters, viz, 1, the quarter below the forest of
Vienna ; 2. the quarter above the forest of Vien
na : 3, the quarter below the Mannhartsberg ; 4.
the quarter above the Mannhartsberg. The coun
try above the Ens is subdivided into five quarters :
1, the Hausruck quarter, or Hausruck-viertel ;
2, Muhl-viertel ; 3, Traun-viertel ; 4. Inn-vier-
tel; 5, Saltzburg-viertel, Lower Austria coa-
tains 1,832,405 inhabitants, of which the part be
low the Ens contains 1,032,729, and the part above
the Ens 799,676,
Inner Austria, in the raodern division of the
Austrian empire, corresponds with what was for
merly the duchy of Stiria. It is divided into 5
circles, which are named after the principal
towns: Judenburg, Bruck, Graetz, Marburg, and
CiUey. It contains 763,820 inhabitants.
Upper Austria, includes the Tyrol, and several
smaller teuritories. It is divided into 7 circles,
which are named after the chief towns : Schwartz,
Imst, Bregentz, Botzen, Bruneck, Trient, and
Roveredo, For the subdivisions of the kingdom of Illyria,
see Illyria.
Austria, Archduchy of, corresponds nearly with
Lower Austria, mentioned in the preceding ar
ticle. Austria, Empire of, comprehends not only Uie
countries described in the two preceding articles,
but aU the various states under the dominion of
the imperial house of Austria. It is bounded N.
by Saxony, Prussia, and Russian Poland; E. by
Russia and Turkey ; S. by Turkey, the Gulf of
Venice, and Middle Italy ; W. by Piedmont, Swit
zerland, and Bavaria. 'This empire is compara
tively of modern origin, and, at different periods,
has received various important augmentations.
It is a combination of nations, varying in their ori
gin, languages, religions, and modes of life, yet
forming at the present day, a firm aud compact
body politic. The size and population of this
great monarchy will be best exhibited by the fol->
lowing view of its component parts,
TABLE OF THE EXTENT AND POPULATION OF
I THE AUSTRIAN EMPIRE.

Countries.

1, Lower Austria,
2, Inner Austria,
3. Upper Austria,
4, Illyria,
5, Bohemia,
6. Moravia >
7, Austrian Silesia, ^
8, Gov, of Milan,
9. 'Gov. of Venice,
10. Galicia,
11. Hungary,
12. Transylvania,
13, Croatia,
14, Sclavonia,
15. Dalmatia,

Sq, ms.

Total in round numbers,

15,422 8,778
12,276 13,508
20,922 12,122 8,3409,950
32,521
about
135,000

270,000

Population,

1,832,405 763,820 741,319
1,060,492
3,183,364 1,688,252
2,082,000 1,932,000
3,750,000 about
ii,ooo,ooa

28,000,000

T4 A U S
The seven countriesfirst named in the above ta
ble, constitute the German part of the Austrian
empire. The governments of Milan and Venice
are the Italian parts, and form what is called the
Lombardo-Venetian kingdom. GaUcia was taken
from Poland, and bears the title of kingdom of Ga
licia, The population is composed principally of four
great races, in the following order : Sclavonians,
11,750,000, Germans5,000,000,Italians5,000,000,
Hungarians 4,200,000. There are besides,
1,400,000 Wallachians, 420,000 Jews, and a few
Armenians. This population occupy 758 cities,
2,000 market towns, 67,644 villages, and 4,192,834
houses. The annual revenue is estimated at, about
60,000,000 doUars. The public debt before the
French revolution, was $90,000,000; in 1805,"
more than ^50,000,000; and now more than
$660,000,000. The army on the peace estab
lishment consists of 220,000 infantry, 36,000 cav
alry, wiUi about 15,000 artillery. For the pro
tection of trade, a few frigates and other armed
vessels are kept up on the Adriatic ; while on the
Danube, towards the Turkish frontier, are sta
tioned the vessels called tschaiken, manned by
about 1,000 soldiers and seamen.
The government is an absolute monarchy. In
Hungary, however, the nation share* the legisla
tive, and even the executive power with the em
peror ; the 'Tyrolese possess, to a certain degree,
the same privileges. Austrian Italy was erected
into a kingdom by an edict of the emperor in 1815,
and though.inseparable from the Austrian empire,
it has a separate constitution, at thehead of which
is a prince of the imperial family, with the title
of Viceroy. Galicia bears the titie of Idngdom,
and is governed by a Viceroy; and in 1817 a
liberal constitution was pubUshed, and a repre
sentative government established. Bohemia and
Moravia have each an assembly of states or rep
resentatives, but their power is merely nominal.
The administration of the whole empire centres
in Vienna, and is composed of a number of .boards,
under the name of councils, chanceries, and con
ferences. In the German diet or ' confederation
of the sovereigns and free towns of Germany,'
formed in 1815, Austria presides, and has one
vote. In the general assembly, she has four votes.
The established religion is the Roman Catho-
lie ; but in Hungary, 'Transylvania, and Sclavo
nia, members of the Protestant and Greek church
es have long been settled, and in the enjoyment of
considerable privileges. In fact, since the days
of Joseph II. free toleration is granted to all sects
throughout the Austrian dominions. The num
ber of the various sects is estimated as follows: —
22,000,000 Roman CaUiolics, 2,500,000 Greek
Christians, 2,000,000 Reformed, 1,450,000 Lu
therans, 420,000 Jews, and 42,000 Unitarians,
In point of literature, Austria is greatly behind
the north of Germany, The principal universi
ties are at Vienna, Prague, Freyburg, Inspruck,
Lemberg, Pest, and Padua,
The principal manufactures are thread, cotton,
linen, lace, silk stuffs, stockings, spirituous liquors,
wrought iron, steel, and brass, kitchen and farm
ing utensils, glass, porcelain, and earthen ware.
The foreign commerce is in a great me2isure in
the hands of Greek raerchajits. The imports
consist principally of raw materials, such as
wool, cotton, raw silk, rice, oil, drugs, spices, of
sll which a great part comes from the Levant.

A W C
Austria, v. Italy, in FriuU, near Aquile^
Austria, San Felippe de, city, S. America, 48
m.fr, Cumana. Lon. 63° 41' W. Lat 10° 31' N.
Aulas, t. Arabia, in Nedsjed, 66 ra. N,E, Mecca.
Autauga, a county in Alabama, lately formed.
Autenow, t. Russia, in Kiow, 18 m. W. S. W.
Bialacerkier. Authie, r. France, runs into the- EngUsh chan
nel. •
Auihioux, I. France, faUs into the Loire S. E.
Angers. Autfton, t. France, in Eure and Loire, 11
leagues S. W. Chartres. Pop. 1,200. Another, 4
leagues N. E. Saintes.
Autire, r. France, runs into the Sevre, below
Maillerais. Autol, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 3 m. fr, Cala
horra. Autonne, r. France, runs into the Oise near
Verberie. Autricourt, v. France, in Cote d'Or, 18 leagues
N. E. Dijon.
Autry, t France, in Ardennes, 124 leagues S.
Mezieres. Autucurrally, t Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. N.
Umglee. Autun, t France, in Saone and Loire. Here
are manufactures of Unen, blankets, hosiery, and
other stuffs. 16 leagues S. W. Dijon, Pop. 8,000.
Auvaille, t Netherlands, 14 m. S. Liege.
Aurase, t Montgomery co. Missouri.
Au Vase, r. Illinois, runs into the Mississippi 55
miles above the mouth of the Ohio. It is naviga
ble for boats 60 miles, through a fine prairie coun
try. Auvergne, formerly a province of France. It
is now included in the departments of the Puy
de Dome, Cantal, Creuse, AUier, and Upper
Loire. Auvergnie, t S'witzerland, 3 m. S. Neufchatel.
Awvillars, or Auvillard, t, France, in Tame-
and-Garonne, on the Garonne, 6 leagues S. Agen.
Pop. 2,000.
AuvilUrs-Us-Forges, t France, in Ardennes, 64
leagues N. W. Mezieres.
Auwal, t. Bohemia, in Kaui-zim, 2 m. N. W.
Prague. Auxerre, t France, capital of the department
of the Yonne. It is on the Yonne, which affords
an easy communication with the metropoUs. 11
leagues S. S. E. Sens, 37 S. E. Paris. Pop.
11,300. Au^on, t. France, in Aube, 54 leagues S. S. W.
Troyes. Pop. 2,340.
Avxon, t. France, in Upper Loire, 124 leagues
N, W. Le Puy. Pop. 1,500.
.^uxonne, t France, on the left bank of the
Saone, iu Cote d'Or. 7 leagues S. E. Dijon. Pop.
5,280. Ausance, t France, in Creuse, 11 leagues E. S.
E. (Gueret
Auzal, or .fluzal, t France, iu Puy de Dome, 3
leagues S. Issoire.
Ausat, v. France, in Arriege, 3 leagues S. W.
Tarascon. Awa, t, Persia, in Irak, 80 ra. S. Casbin.
Awaliasari, t A. Turkey, in Caramania, 15 m..
N. N. W. Alanieh,
Awatska. See Avatscha.
Awatti, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 8 m, S. E. Car-
raulla, Awchar, t Persia, in Azerbyan, 150 m, S. W.
Tabrisi

AYR
Aweeree. See Waree.
Awin, Ea, r. Ireland, runs into the sea, 7 m. N.
KiUebcgs. Awle, r, Syria, runs into Uie Mediterranean
near Sidon,
Ax, t, France, in Arriege, 5 leagues N, W. Ta
rascon. Ax, or Axe, r. Eng. falls into the sea below Ax-
mouth ; another falls into the Bristol channel 8
m. below Axbridge.
Axara, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 50 ra. fr. Gu-
zel-Hissar. Axat, or Asat, t. France, on the Aude, 25 ra. S.
Carcassonne.
*' Axbridge, t. Eng. Somersetshire, on the Ax, 8
m. above its mouth, 17 m. fr. Bristol.
Axel, t. Flanders, 27 m. W. Antwerp.
Axens, t. Tyrol, 9 m. S. W. Inspruck.
Axim, district, part of the kingdom of Ashantee,
Africa. The Dutch have a fort on Cape Three
Points, 10 leagues E. ApoUonia.
Axiopoli. See Rassovat.
Axminster, t Eng. in Devonshire, on the Ax, 26
m. fr. Exmouth. Pop, 2,387,
Axmmith, v. Eng. in Devonshire, at the mouth
of the Ax.
Axum, ancient capital of Abyssinia, now in
ruins, 40 m. E, Sir^, Lon, 38° 50' E, Lat, 14°
10' N.
Ay, t France, 5 leagues S. Rheims.
Ay, or Palo Ay. See Pulo Way.
Ayamonte, t. Spain, at the mouth of the Gua
diana, 34 m, W. S. W. SeviUe. Pop. 5,000.
Ayamonte, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 3 m. N. W.
Minfort Ayas, V. Caramania, on the W, side of the gulf
of Scanderon. Lon, 35° 48' E. Lat. 36° 46' N.
Ayash, v. on the coast of Caramania. Lon. 34°
12' E. Lat 36° 29' N.
Ayawaroo, t. Hind, iu the Carnatic, 20 m, W.
Vellore. Aybar, t Spain, in Navarre, on the Arragon, 3
m. S. Sanguesa.
Ayeotta, t. Hind, in Cochin, 3 m, S. Cranga-
• nore. Aye Stierri, isl. in the North sea, near Lapland.
Lon. 40° 50' E. Lat, 69° 60' N,
Ayempet, t Hind, in the Carnatic, 4 m. N. E.
Tanjore. ,
Ayerbe, o^Ayerve, t. Spain, in Arragon, at the
foot of the Pyrenees, 32 m. N. Saragossa.
Ayerstown, t. Burlington co. N. J. 13 ra. S. E.
Burlington. Ayguaca, t Peru, 70 ra. N. E. Piura,
Aylesbury, t Eng, Buckingham co, 39 m. W.
N. W. London. Pop. 3,447.
' Aylesford, t. Eng. Kent co, 32 ra. E. London,
Aylenumth. See Alnemouth.
Aylesham. See Alesham.
Aylets, p-v. King William co. Va. 29 m, N, E.
Richmond. Aymouth. See Eyemouth.
Aynac, v. France, in Lot, 54 leagues N. W. Fi-
geac, 11 N. E. Cahors.
Ayoayo, t. S. Araerica, 37 ra, S, La Paz.
Ayora, t. Spain, in Valencia, 25 ra. W, St, Fe
lipe'. Ayr, maritime co. Scotiand, bounded N. by
Renfrewshire, E. by Lanark and Dumfries, S. by
GaUoway, and W.-by the Irish channel and frith
of Clyde. Woollen manufactures are established
fh every parish ; and the different branches of

A Z N

•76

cotton manufacture employ many persons. Ex
tensive iron-works are erected at Muirkirk and
Glenbuck, where are inexhaustible fields both of
coal, and iron ore. Pop. 103,954.
Ayr, borough, and s-p. Scotiand, cap. of Ayr
shire, 76 m. S. W. Edinburg. Pop. 5,000.
Ayr Head, cape, on the W. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4° 40' W. Lat. 55° 28' N.
Ayraines, t. Franc^ iu Somme.
Ayslingin, t Bavaria, on the Danube, 3 m. S. S,
W, Dillingen.
Ayterpilly, t. Hind, in Mysore, 7 m. S. Qolar,
Ayth, V, on the coast of Abyssinia, 70 ra', S. E.
Araphila. Ayton, V. Scotiand, Berwick co. Pop, 1,379.
Ayton, Great, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m, from
Stokesley. Aytre, t, France, in Lower Charente, near La
Rbchclle. Ayutaus, or Camanches, Indians, 8,000 in num
ber, S, W. of the Missouri,
Azafi. See S(^.
Azagra, t. Spain, in Navarre,
Azambujeird, t, Portuguese Estremadura, 7 m.
W. Santarem,
Azamor, port, Morocco, on the Morbeya, 80 m.
N, Morocco. Lon, 8° 15' W, Lat, 33° 20' N.
Azar, t. Arabia, in Hadramant, 76 ra. S. E.
Amanzirifdin. Asaredo, s-p. in the bay of Spiritu Santo, Bra
zil, Lon. 40° 10' W. Lat, 20° 18' S.
Azay, or Assaie-k-Rideau, t. France, in Indre-
and-Loire, on the Indre, 6 leagues S. W, Tours.
Azay, t. France, in Deux-SevreS, 9 leagues W.
N. W, Poitiers,
Azay-le-Fcron, t. France, in Indre, 10 leagues
W. Chateauroux.
Azay-sur-Cher, t France, on the Cher, in In-
dre-and-Loire, 24 leagues E, S, E. Tours.
Azeemabad. See Patna.
Azeitao, t. Portugues'e Estremadura, 6 m, N. N.
W. Setuval. Pop. 2,350.
Asem, or Asem. See Ardrah.
Asenay, t France, in Vendee, 5 leagues N. Sa
bles d'Olonne. Pop. 3,000.
Azenighur, t India, in Allahabad, Lon. 13°
10' E. Lat 24° 6' N.
Aserailles, v. France, in Meurthe, 44 leagues
S. E. Luneville, 10 S, E, Nancy.
' Azerbijan, or Aderbeitsan, province, Persia,
bounded E. by Ghilan and the Caspian sea, W.
by Kurdistan and Armenia. Tabriz, or Tauris,
is the capital,
Asergue Bahr-el, or Blue River, Abyssinia,
rises injlojam, passes through lalce Dembea, and
after traversing Abyssinia and Sennaar, falls into
the Nile above Gerri.
Aseuchal, t. Spanish Estremadura, 16 m. S. S.
W. Merida.
Aziakollar, t. Spain, 19 m. N, W. Seville.
Azille, Azillan, or Asillon, t. France, in Aude,
near the royal canal, 64 leagues W, NaAonne.
Azincour, or Agineourt, v. France, in Pas-de-
Calais, 7 m, N. Hesdin, 11 E. Montreuil, On its
plains Henry V. of England, gained a victory over
the French, in 1415.
Azinhago, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 11 m. N.
N, E. Santarem.
Azio, t. Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, 64 m. N. E.
Lepanto. Asmut, t. Natolia, 84 m. S. E. Scutari.
Aznalcar,' t. Spain, in Audalasia; 21 m.fr. Se
ville.

16

BAB

Azogues, t, Quito, 10 m. N. E. Cuenza,
Azoph, an inland sea of Asiatic Russia, on the
confines of Tartary, communicating with the
Euxine by a narrow channel, called the straits of
Jenicale, It is the ancient Palus Mseotis,
Asoph, t. Asiatic Russia, on the E. extremity of
the sea of Azoph, at the mouth of the Don, 812
m, S, S. E, Petersburgh, Lon, 39° 14' E. Lat,
47° N.
Azores, or Western Islands, in the Atlantic, be
tween 37° and 40° N, lat, and 25° and 32° W,
lon, consisting of St. Michael, St Wf^ry, Tercera,
Graciosa, St. George, Pico, and Fayal, Corvo and
Flores, They have been at different times laid
waste by earthquakes, of which the most formi
dable on record is that of 1591, which continued
12 days, and destroyed entirely the flourishing
town of Villa Franca, The soil is exceedingly
fertile in vines, oranges, and other fruits; and

BAB
considerable wine is exported. These islands be
long to the Portuguese. Angra, the capital of
Tercera, is the seat of government
Azores, islands in the Atlantic, N, of St Do
mingo. ¦¦ ., ,T 1
Azpeytia, t. Spain, in Biscay, on the Urola.
..israk, T. A, Turkey, flows into the Euphrates,
6 m. N, E. Semisat.
Azuaga, t, Spanish Esbremadura, 9 m, S, E.
Llerena, ^ „ „, ,. .
Aguchitlau, t New Spam, 150 m. W. Mexico.
Asumar, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 5 ra, W. N,
W, Aronches.
Azurar, t. Porttigal, in Entire Douro e Muiio,
16 m. S.W.Braya. „ t. „•
Azurara, t. Portugal, in Beira, 6 m. S. E. Viscu.
Azzoglio, t. Italy, in Masserano, 6 m. N. N.E.
Masserano.

B.

BaadstEb, or Badsted, s-p. Sweden, in Scho
nen, on a bay of the Cattegat, 10 ra. N. Engel-
holm, 16 S. Helmstadt, Lon, 12° 45' E, Lat 56°
S8' N,
Baagoe, 2 small islands, Denmark, in the Bal
tic, one between the islands of Zealand, Moen,
and Falster. Lon. 12° 3' E. Lat 54° 56' N. ; and
the other in the LitUe Belt Lon, 9° 49' E, Lat,
56° 19' N,
Baalah, or Baalath, in Sac. Geog. t. in the tribe
of Judah, on the borders of the tribe of Benja
min, caUed also Kfrjath-jearim, which see.
Baal-Gad, in Sac. Geog. t. at the foot of Mount
Libanus, on the N. E. border of Palestine.
Bdal-Hazor, in Sac. Geog. city, 8 m. N. E. Je
rusalem, between Bethel and Jericho.
Baal-Hermon, in Sac. Geog. part of Mount- An
tilibanus. Baal-Meon, or Beih-Meon, in Sac. Geog, city,
in the tribe of Reuben, in the possession of the
Moabites, Baal-Perasim, in Sac. Geog. a place in the val
ley of Rephaim, 3 m, S, W, Jerusalem, where Da
vid routed the PhiUstines,
Baal's River, in West Greenland, empties iu
lon. 50° 10' W. lat 64° 30' N.
Baar, or Bar, t. Switzerland, 2 m, N. Zug.
Bab, t Syria, 25 m. S, W, Bambouch.
Baba, district of Guayaquil, in Quito, 22
leagues iu extent Cacao is its staple article ,of
commerce. Pop. 4,000.
Baba, Cape, on the N. coast of Natolia, in the
black sea. Lon, 31° 51' E, Lat 41° ,8' N.
Babahoyo, district, in Quito. Its capital, Ba-
bahoyo, is a great mart of trade, Lat. 1° 47' S,
The river Babahoyo rises in the mountains of
Cliimbo and Riobamba, and after running 24
leagues, falls into the Guayaquil,
Babain, t. Persia, in Kerman, 90 ra, S, E, Ker
man ; another, in Khorassan, 60 m, W. Herat
Babarum, or Balbanon, t. Cambodia, on the
Cambodia, Lon, 106° 10' E, Lat 12° 17'.N,
Babein, t. Persia, in Irak, 80 m, S, E, Ispahan.
Bahcl See Babylon.

Babel, t, Egypt, on the Delta, the ancient Byb-
los, 40 m, N, Cairo.
Babelabouad. See Derbend.
Babelmandel, Straits of, the entrance of the Red
sea, from the Indian ocean, 7 leagues in breadth.
Babelmandel, isl, in the above straits, 5 miles in
circumference, barren and scarcely inhabited.
Lon. 44° 30' E. Lat 44° 28' N.
Babelsa, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 36 m. N. Ou-
dighir. Baben, isl. in the Indian sea, about 18 mUes
long. Lon. 130° to 131° E. Lat 7° 41' S.
Babenhausen, t Bavaria, 16 m. S. E. Ulm.
Bargaum, t Hind, in Dowlatabad, 22 m. N.-
Poonali. Babi, Si Malu. See Pvlo Baby.
Babi, isl. iu the Eastern sea, near the W. coast
of Coram. Lon. 128° 3' E. Lat 3° 5' S.
Babic, or Bababeg, t Persia, in Kerman, at an
equal distance from the cities oil Kerman, Shiraz,
and Yezd. Fruit of every kind g»ws here in
profusion. Lon. 54° 18' E. Lat 30° 3' N.
Babica, t. Russia, in Minsk, 8 m. E. Mozyr,
Babin, t Poland, 8 m, S. W. Lublin. '
Babin, t Austrian empire, in Galicia, 36 m. E.
Belcz. Babinowitschi, t. Russia, 60 m. N. Mohilew,
308 S. St Petersburg. Lon. 30° 14' E. Lat 54°
52' N.
Babo, t. Whydah, in Africa, 10 m. N. W. Sabi.
Baboeuf, t. France, in Oise, 2 m. E, S, E, Noy-
on, 42 N, E, Beauvais,
Babolsca, t Hungary, 22 m, S, S, E. Canischa.
Babu, isl. in the gulf of Siam, near the coast of
Cambodia. Lon. 103° 48' E. Lat 9° 42' N.
Babuan, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon,
120° 30' E. Lat 5° 20' N.
Babuyanes, islands i)i the Pacific, N. of Luzon.
The largest are Babuan, Calayan, Camiguen,
Daluspiri, and Fuga. The chief products arc
wax, ebony, bananas, cocoas, aud plantains. Lon.
121° 15' to 122° 5' E. Lat 18° 58' to 19° 42' N.
Babylon, (in ancient geography,) a famous city
on the Euphrates. It stood ou both sides of the

B A C
liver, in the form of a square, encompassed by a
waU 60 miles in circuit, 87 feet thick and 360 high,
on which were built 316 towers, or according to
others, 250. There were 100 gates, 25 on each
side, aU of soUd brass. From these ran 25 streets
crossing one another at right angles, each 150 feet
wide, aud 15 miles in length. Thus the whole
city 'was divided into 676 squares. The 'wall of
Babylon was accounted one of the seven wonders
of the world. Extensive ruins are now to be seen
of this once magnificent city, about 50 miles S.

BAD

77

Bacalal, lake, Mexico, in Yucatan, 36 m. S. W.
ValladoUd. Bacalan, t. Great Bukharia, 46 ra. W. Anderab,
145 E. S. E. BaUc. Lon. 97° 40' E. Lat 36°
12' N.
Bacano Bay, on the S. coastof Cuba. Lon. 74°
59' W. Lat 20° 6' N.
Baccano, t Italy, States of the Church, a Uttle
S, of Rorae.
Baccanore, t. Hind. 14 m. S. Barcelore.
Baechiglione, r. Italy, loses itself in the La-
gunes of Venice, below Este.
Bacegotty, t. Thibet, 58 m. N. N. W. Linna-
gur. Bach. See Batsch.
Bachaash, one of the isis. of the Hebrides, N. E.
of North Uist Lon. 7° 3' W. Lat. 67° 37' N.
Bacharach, t. Prussian grand duchyof the Low
er Rhine, 23 m. S. Coblentz. Lon. 7° 40' E.
Lat 50° 2' N. Pop. 1,250
Bacheldor, t Oxford co. Maine, 20 m. W. Paris.
Bachelor' s-hall, p-v. Tioga co. Pa.
Bachelor' s-hall, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Va.
Bachelor' s-retreat, p-v. Pendleton co. S. C.
Bachelor' s River, S. America, runs into a bay of
the same name, on the N. side of the straits of Ma
gellan. Lon. of the moutii, 73° 52' W. Lat 63°
38' N.
Bachian, one of the Molucca islands, Separated
by a narrow channel from the island Gilolo. Lon,
127° 33' E. Lat 1° S.
Bachink. See Cachao.
Bachmuth, or Bakhmoud, t Russia, 104 m. N.
N, W. Azoph, and 112 E. Ekaterinoslav. Lon.
37° 44' E, Lat 48° 25' N.
Bachu. See Baku.
Back, r. or arm of Chesapeake bay, in Baltimore
CO, Md, 4 m, E, of the Patapsco.
Backar, or Behkur, district Hind, in Moultan,
The towu is on an island in the Indus, near its
junction with the Dummoody. Lon. 70° 2' E,.
Lat 28° 31' N.
Backergunge, district in the S, E, part of Ben
gal. The town is 120 ra, E. of Calcutta, Lon.
89° 20' E. Lat, 22° 42' N.
Backnang, t. Wirteraberg, on the Mur, 12 ra. N.
E, Stutgard, Lon, 9° 30' E, Lat 48° 58' N.
Baco, t in Mindoro, one of the Philippine
islands. Lon. 121° 5' E. Lat 13° 18' N.
Bacon-castle, p-v. Surry co, Va, 74 ra, S, E,
Richmond. Bacono, r. Caraccas, rises nearthe city of Trux
illo, and serves as a boundary between the prov
inces of Varinas and Venezuela.
Bacon's Island, in the Chinese jea. Lon. 113°
5' E. Lat 11° 13' N,
Bacras, t Africa, 25 m.'E, Sennaar,
Bacre, v. Sierra Leone, Lon, 12° 11' W. Lat,
8° 40' N,
Bactriani, t, Asia, in Georgia, 60 m. N , Teflis,

Badagit, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 40 m, N, Fu-
sheng. Badajos, t. Spain, capital of Estremadura,
on the Guadiana. It is an important barrier fortress
on the side of Portugal. It was taken by storm by
the British under lord WeUington, after a memo
rable conflict, on the 6th of April, 1812. Pop.
14,600, 82 m, N, N, W, SeviUe, 49 S, Alcantara,
Lon, 6° 47' W. Lat 38° 49' N.
Badaksham, t Great Bukharia, 150 ra. E.
Bulkh. Lon, 68° 50' E, Lat, 37° 20' N.
Badakna, s-p. Spain, in Catalonia, 4 ra. N. E.
Barcelona. Badanaconpy, t. Hind, in Mysore, 28 m. S. Se
ringapatam. Badar, t. Hind, in Bejapour, on the river Krish-
•na, 30 m. S. Mijee. Lon. 75° 32' E.Lat, 16°40'N.
Badasky, t. Siberia, on the Angara, 80 m, N. N.
W. Irkutzk.
Baddammy, t. Hind, in Bejapour, 80 m. S. E.
Merritch. Lon, 74° 64' E. Lat 16° 6' N.
Baden, formerly a margraviate of Germany, in
the circle of Suabia, extending along the E. bank
of the Rhine, now forming the most important part
of the grand duchy. It was made up of Baden-
Baden and Baden-Durlach.
Baden, a grand duchy of Germany, bounded S,
by Switzerland and the lake of Constance, E. by
Wirtemberg, N, by Bavaria and Hesse-Darmstadt,
and W. by the Bavarian circle of the Rhine, and
the French departments of the Upper and Lower
Rhine. It is divided into ten circles :
Circles. Chief towns
The Lake (Seekreis.) Constance.
The Danube. ViUingen.
The Weisen. , Lorrach.
The Treisam. Freyburg.
The Kinzig. Offenburg.
The Murg. Rastadt.
The Pfuiz and Enz. Durlach'.
The Neckar. Heidelberg.
The Odenwald. Mosbach.
The Main aud Tauber. Wertheim.
The grand duke has the designation of ' Royal
Highness ;' his residence and the seat of govern
ment is at Carlsruhe. The grand duchy contains
5,632 square miles, and 924,307 inhabitants. Rev
enue about 600,000 /. The grand duke and most
of his subjects are Lutherans.
Baden, t. Gerraany, in the grand duchy of Ba
den, in the circle of the Murg, celebrated for its
raineral waters. 22 m. N. E. Strasburg, 36 W.
Stutgard, and 40 S. S. W. Heidelberg. Lon. 8°
18' E.. Lat 48° 46' N, Pop, 2,000
BaSkn, a district of Switzerland, formerly an
independent canton, but now united to that of
Aargau. Baden, t Switzerland, on the Limmat, at the
head of the above district ; celebrated forits warm
baUis. 14 ra. N, W, Zurich, 27 S. E. Bale.
Bo(/era,t' Lower Austria, 12 m, S. S. W. Vien
na ; celebrated for' its warm baths,
Badenally, t Hind, in Mysore, 21 m. S; Sering-
apatara.
' Badgum, t Hind, in Dowlatabad, 6 m, S. S. W.
¦- -Oudighir. Badia, La, t Italy on the Adige, 5 m, fromLeg-
nano, 16 W. S. W. Rovigo.
Badingen, -v. Prussian states. Middle Mark of
¦'Brandenburg, 7 m. W, Stendal,
Badou, V. on the slave coast of Africa, 10 m, N.
W, Grand Sestre.

78

BAG

BadrachUlum, or the Sacred Mountain, t. Hind.
in Golconda, on the Godavery. Here is apagoda
of great celebrity. 72 ra. N, W. Rajamundry, 150
E. Hydrabad, 134 from Vizagapatam.
Bardrowly, t Hind, in Guzerat, 16 m. E. Surat.
Badruck. See B'uddaruck.
Badulato, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 14 m,
S. S. E. SquiUace.
Badule, t. Ceylon, 64 m. S. E. Candy.
Badush, t. Turkish Armenia, 10 m, N. Mosul.
Baedoo, an extensive kingdom of Central Afri
ca, S. of "Tombuctoo, and E. of Bambarca.
Baena, or Vaena, t Spain, in Andalusia, 18 ra.
•E.. S.E. Cordova. Pop. 4,800.
Baerwalde,t. Prussian states, NewMarkof Braii-
denburg, 13 m. N. N. W. Custrin, 42 ra. E, N, E,
Berlin, Baet. See Bate.
Baesa, orBaeca, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 6 leagues
from Jaen, 70 m. N. N. E. Cordova. Lon. 3° 36'
W, Lat 38° 4'N. Pop. 15,000.
Baffa, or Bofo, s-p, Africa, on the Grain coast,
Lon. 8° 52' W, Lat, 5° 10' N.
Baffa, s-p. of Cyprus, on the W. coast. It has
a small harbour, now phoaked up with sand, and
is the most dangerous port of the island. Numer
ous ruins and antiquities are dispersed in the vi
cinity. Lon. 32° 18' E. Lat 34° 48' N.
Baffin's Bay, the most northern gulf or bay
that has yet been discovered in North America,
It extends beyond the 78th degree of N. lat and
communicates with the Atiantic ocean through
Davis's Straits. On the W, side of this bay, in lat.
74° is Lancaster's Sound, through which Lieut.
Parry, in the summers of 1819 and 1820, discover
ed a passage into the polar sea. He penetrated as
far as the longitude of 113° 47' VV. from .Green-
¦wich, between the paraUels of 74° and 75° N, lat,
where his further progress was arrested by the ice.
Bafricsh. See Balfrosh.
Baga, t Spain, in Catalonia, on the Llobregat,
16 m, N. E. Solsona.
Baga Rey, one of the Philippine islands, E.
Luzon. Bagaduce Point, cape iu Penobscot bay, Maine.
Bagalaen, district in the S. of Java, near its
centre. Bagazied. See Bayasid.
Bagdad, a city of Asia, on the Tigris, the cap
ital of the Turkish provinces of Bagdad. For raore
than 600 years it was the city of the caliphs, and
the capital of the Moslem empire, aud was one of
the most populous and splendid cities of the world ;
but it now retains very little of its ancient splen
dor. It is a city of great trade, and a noted em
porium for the products of Arabia, India, and Per
sia, as weU as for many European manufactures.
It supplies all Asia Minor, Syria, and part of Eu
rope, with Indian commodities, which are import
ed at Bassora, and being brought up the Tigris in
boats, are transported in caravans to Tocat, Con
stantinople, Aleppo, Damascus, and the western
parts of Persia. The population is about 60,000,
and is composed of Turks, who constitute three-
fourths of the whole, of Persians, Jews, and a
small proportion of Christians. 210 m. S. Mosul,
300 N. N. W. Bassora, Lon, 44° 24' E, Lat. 33°
20' N,
Bagendon, v, Eng. Gloucestershire, 3 m, N,
Cirencester, Baggai, t Algiers, anciently Bagasi, 48 m. S. S
E, Constantina.

SAH
Baghilan, t Persia, in Khbrassan, 60 m. N. E.
Herat. Baghwan, or Bunlcar, v. Persia, in Beloochis-
tan, 10 m. from Khozdar. Lon. 66° 35' E. Lat.
28° 3' N.
Bagjoura, t. Upper Egypt, between the Nile
and Farshout.
Bagna, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the Orko-
luka, 20 m. N. E. Parakia.
Bagna Cavallo, t. Italy, States of the Church,
on the Seno, 24 m. S. S. E. Ferrara.
Bagna di Acqua, t. Italy, in Tuscany ; celebra
ted for its warm baths. 15 m. E. Leghorn.
Baguagar. See Hyderabad.
Bagnaja, t Italy, Ecclesiastical states, 1 m. S.
Vitebo. Bagnara, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra. Pop.
5,000. 14 ra. W, Oppido,
Bagnarea, t. Italy, States of the Church, 5 m.
S, Orvieto, 12 N. Viterbo.
Bagneres de Campan, or en Bigorre, t France,
in Upper Pyrenees, on the Adour, at the foot of
the Pyrenees. Pop, 6,000. Its hot mineral
springs are no less than 32 in number, and are
much frequented. 11 m, S. Tarbes, 450 S, S. W.
Paris. Bagneres deLuchon, t. France, in Upper Ga
ronne, 60 m, S. W, Toulouse. Pop, 1,260.
Bagni della Poretta, v. Italy, 18 m. S. Bologna.
Bagno, t Italy, in Tuscany, 28 m, N. E, Flo
rence. Bagrwlo, t Italy, territory of Venice, 8 m. S,
Brescia. Bagnok, t, Naples, in principato Ultra, 12 m.
W, Conza.
Bagnols, 't. France, in Gard, 22 m. N. E,
Nismes, Pop. 4,800,
Bagnouangy. See Banyouangy.
Bagolino, t. Italy, territory of Venice, 24 m. N.
Brescia, Pop. 3,600.
Bagones, r. Brazil, enters the sea near Cape
Frio, in lat 22? 5' S.
Bagonguerum, 2 of the Lacadive islands. Lon.
71° 56' E.Lat 11° N.
Bagroo, r. W. Africa, faUs into the sea near the
Mesurado. Bahama, Great, Island of, oue of the Bahamas,
63 miles long and about 9 broad ; 57 miles from
the coastof E. Florida. The soil is fertile and well
watered, and the cUmate pleasant, but the island
is almost uninhabited. Lon. 78° 10' to 80° 24' W.
Lat 26° 40' to 27° 5' N.
Bahama Channel, or Gu^ofFlorida, the narrow
sea between the coast of America and the Baha
ma islands, 136 miles long and 46 broad. The
currents here are most violent, and vessels are
frequenUy wrecked in passing through this strait
Bahama Bank, Great, a sand bank extending
from near the island of Cuba, lat. 22° 20' to the
Bahama islands, lat, 26° 15' N. A smaller bank
of this name, lies N. of the island of Bahama,
Bahamas, or Lucayos Islands, in the Atiantic
ocean, opposite the coast of Florida, lying N. of
Cuba and St Domingo, between 21° and 28° N.
lat, and 71° and 81° W. lon. They have been
estimated at 500, but of these a great proportion
are nothing more than cliffs and rocks. The prin
cipal are Bahama, Eleuthera, Exuma, Prori-
dence, and Guanahani, or St. Salvador, and
Turk's Island, The climate is in general salu
brious. Pop. in 1803, 14,318, including 11,395
blacks.

B A I
Baltar, a populous province in Hindostan, be
tween 22° and 27° N, lat. bounded N. by Nepaul,
S, by Berar, W, by Oude, and the Mahratta dp-
minions, and E, by Bengal, It is computed to
contain 26,000 square miles, and is one of the
most fertile and highly cultivated districts in In
dia, yielding every kind of grain, sugar, tobacco,
cotton, opium, and saltpetre. It is divided into
seven collectorships, in each of which is fixed an
English judge and magistrate. Its capital is Pat
na, Bahar, t Hind. 35 ra. S. E, Patna, forraerly the
capital of the kingdom of Magadha, but now fallen
to decay, Lon, 85° 37' E. Lat 25° 13' N,
Bahar, or Baser, t. Persia, in Kerman, 40 m, S.
E, Sergian,
Baharbund, district, Bengal, W, of Brahma
pootra river. Its chief town is Oliapore.
Bahar Caramort, or Lake of Antioch, Syria,
through which passes the river Orontes, 27 ra,
N, E, Antioch,
Balibeit, or Balbeit, t. in the Delta of Egypt,
where are the ruins of a magnificent marble tem
ple. 7 m. S. S. W. Mansora,
Bahhrein, a cluster of Islands on the S. W. side
of the Persian gulf, iiear the coast of Arabia, The
principal, named Bahhrein, lies about 15 miles
from the coast, in lat, 26° 45' N, A pearl fishery,
the richest and most productive in the world, is
conducted on an extensive scale at these islands.
Bahia das Aldeas, hay, W, Africa. Lat. 16°
50' S.
Bahia Farta, bay, Africa, 10 m. S. Benguela,
Bahia de Chetumel, or Hanover bay, on the E.
side of Yucatan, in the sea of Plonduras.
Bahia, Honda, port, Cuba, on theN. side, with
anchorage in 4 and 5 fathoms. Lon. 83° 6' W.
Lat 22° 58' N.
Bahia Longa, bay, West Africa, Lat. 10°
46' S,
' Bahia de Todos Santos, provinoe, Brazil, on a
capacious bay of the same name. Its capital is St,
Salvador, It extends along the coast N. to the
river St. Francisco, in lat. 11° S.
Bahia, Cityfif. •. See St. Salvador.
Bahira, or Rif, the Arabian name of the Delta
of Egypt ,and the adjoining districts, east and west,
on the Mediterranean. ,
Bahooan, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
1.20° 68' E. Lat 6° 9' N.
Bahoor, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 8 ra. S. Pon
dicherry. Bahrabad, t Persia, in Khorassan. 10 m. N,
SebsV5ar. Bahurim, iu Sac. Geog. city of the Benjamites,
N. E. Jerusalem.
Baja, or Baias, t. Naples, iu Terra di Lavoro,
on the site of the ancient Baia, in a bay of the gulf
of Naples. 11 m. W. Naples.
Bi^'orfor Cape, the W. extremity of Luzon. Lon.
120°40'E.Lat 18°40'N.
Bajapowr, t Hind, in Baglana, on the Goda
very, 20 m. E. Bahbelgong.
Baias, or Baie, t. Syria, at the N, E, corner of
the bay of Alexandretta, supposed to be the an
cient Issus in Cilicia ; 16 m, from Alexandretta,
, Bajazid. See Bayazid.
Baibachta, t Siberia, on the Irtisch, 72 m. N,
W, Tara,
Baicha, 2 rivers of Siberia, flowing into the
Turuchan, 32 and 56 m, N, W, Tumchansk.
Saideh, vaUey, Egypt, at the N, extremity of
which 13 the city of Suez,

BAK

79

Bajith, in Sac, Geo|;, See Baal-meon.
Baikal, a lake of Siberia, in Irkutsk, 366 miles
long from S. W, to N. E, and from 20 to 53 broad.
This lake is navigated by the Russians for the
purpose of Carrying on their commerce with Chi
na, Lon. 104° to 110° E, Lat 52° to 65° 41' N.
Baikalma, t. Russia, in Kolhyvane, 112 S, S, E.
Abakansk, Bailan, v. Syria, on a steep declivity of two
mountains, 9 ra, E. Alexandretta, 20 N, Aptioch.
Hither the Europeans resident at Alexandretta re
sort during suramer heats, for the salubrity of the
air. Bai/rfen, t Eng, in Yorkshire, Pop, 2,073, 3 m.
N, Bradford.
Bailieborough, t. Ireland, Cavan co. There
is a pool on the top of a neighbouring hill, celebra
ted for its efficacy in scorbutic cases, 14 ra, S, E.
Cavan, 43 N.W. Dublin.
Baillee, t France, in Mayenne, 43 m. N. E.
Chateaugontier, 18 m. S. E. Laval.
Bailleul, or Belle, t. France, on the Lys. Pop.
9,000. Large quantities of thread, lace, and wool
len stuffs, are. manufactured here. 13 m, W, N.
W. LiUe ; one in La Manche ; one in Main-and-
Loire ; one in Oise, 8 ra. E. N. E. Clermont ;
another in Ome, 5 m. N. Argentan ; another in
Sarthe, 5 m. N. W. La Fleche.
Bain, t. France, in Ille-and- Vilaine, 16 m. S.
Rennes, 24 S. W. Vitre. fop. 3,450.
Bainbridge, or Jericho, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y.
20 m. S. Norwich. Pop. I,£i08.
Bainbridge, p-t Ross co. Ohio, 18 m. S. W.
Chilicothe. It contains about 26 houses, a forge,
and other miUs.
Bainbridge, Port, inlet on ^he N. W. coast of
America. Lon..212° 94' E. Lat. 59° 55' N.
Bainette, v. Piedmont, 6 m. S. E, Coni, 8 W.
S. W. Mondovi,
Bains, v. France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 16 ra.
S. W. Perpignan, Pop. 1,800 ; another in Vosges.
Baio de Comboi, isl, in the Caribbean sea. Lom
77° 36' W. Lat 15° 26' N.
Baio Nuevo, isl. in the Caribbean sea. Lon.
78° 36' W. Lat 15° 64' N.
Bajolis Cape, on the N. W. coast of Minorca.
Lon. 3° 44' E. Lat 40° 3' N.
Baird's forge, p-v. Burke co. N, C.
Baird' s-tavem,f-t. Buckingham co. Va.
Bairdstown, p-t. and cap. Nelson co, Kentucky,
35 ra. S, W. Frankfort, on a branch of Salt river.
Pop. 821. It has a stone courthouse and jail, a
church, and a market-house.
Bcdra. SeeBdra.
Bajgna, cape on the E, coast of Africa. Lon.
39° E: Lat 15° 16' S.
Bairout, or Bayreuth, s-p. Syria, inj;he pacha
lic of Acre. There was formerly a harbour here
which is how choaked up with sand and rubbish.
This place is an emporium to which the Druses
and Maronites send corn, raw silk, and other pro
ducts, and in return receive rice, tobacco, coffee,
and specie. Lon. 35° 32' E, Lat 33° 46,' N. Pop.
7 or 8,000.
Baise, r. France, runs into the Garonne, near
AiguiUon. Baitsida, t Palestine, the ancient Bethsaidp, 2
m. frora the lake 'Tiberias, 22 m. E, Acre.
Baix, t. France, with 300 houses, 8 m, E, May
enne ; another in Upper Loire, near the Rhone,
10 m. N. Viviers.
Baker, t. Africa, on tiie Nile, 27 m. W. S. W,
Dongola,

80

B A L

Baker Mount, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lon. 238° 20' E. Lat 48° 39' N.
Bakergan, t Asia, in Karasm, on the Jihon,
116m.S. E, Urkonge.
Baker's falls, N. Y. in the Hudson, at the bend,
1 m. above Fort Edward. The descent is 76 feet
in a course of 6ftrods.
Bakersjield, p?t, FrankUn co. on Missisque riv
er, 38 m. N. N. W. MontpeUer.
Baker's isl. Mass. off Salem harbor, 5 m. E, N.
E. Salem. On its N, end is a light house.
Baker's river, N. H. rises in Moosehillock moun
tain,, and runs into the Merrimack at Plymouth.
BakersHlle, p-v. Patrick co. Va.
BakeweU, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, near the con
fluence of the Wye and Derwent Pop. 1,485.
25 m, N, Derby.
Bakhishisarai, or Bacca-Serai, t Russia, on the
W. side of the Crimea, 50 m, N. Caffa. Lon. 33°
52' E. Lat. 45° 10' N. It was formerly the residence
of the khans, and contained 20,000 inhabitants ;
but in 1800 there were only 5,776, of whom 3,000
were Tartars, 1,162 Jews, and the rest Arraen
ians and Greeks, Here are manufactures of
leather, saddles, silk stuffs, and cutiery.
Baksaskaia, fort, Russian Tartary, in Caucasus,
on the W. side of the Ural, 32 m. N. Guref.
Baktegan, a salt Iqke of Persia, in Fars, about 75
miles in circuit. It is nearly dry in the summer
season, when a quantity of remarkably fine salt,
left by evaporation, is collected from the bottom,
and generally used throughout the province. 10
m. S. E. Shiraz.
Baku, or Badku, t and principality, Persia, in
Schirvan, on the peninsula of Absharon, in the
Caspian sea. It has the best harbour in the Cas
pian. It exports cotton, fruit, opium, rice, sUk,
wine, rock salt, and naptha. Its principal trade
is with Astracan. Petroleum is obtained in vast
abundance from wells about 8 miles from the
town. They seem almost inexhaustible, some of
them 'yielding 1000 or 1500 pounds daily. They
are often dried up ; but the naptha generally re
appears after an interval of a few months. This
substance is used by the natives as a substitute for
lamp oU. AU around Baku the country is deep
ly impregnated with inflamraable matter, both
above and under the surface. The earth seems
overspread with fire. The city and principality
were fo. merly much resorted to by the Guebres,
or fire worshippers. They had temples built of
stone, in one of which a blue lambent flame issued
from a large hollow cane near the altar ; and this
the devotees of that sect beUeved would subsist as
long as the world remained. This country has
been in possessionof the Russians since 1801. Lou.
51° 7' E. Lat 42° 22' N.
Bala, t Wales, Merioneth co, on the lake Bala
Pool, by the natives named Llyn-Tegid.
Bo/aio, t Africa, in Bambara, Lon, 4° 10' W,
Lat 13° 35' N,
Salabac, isl, in the Eastern seas, 18 miles long,
by 6 broad ; S, Palawan, Lon, 117° 10' E. Lat
8° N,
Balabea, isl, in the Pacific, off the W, coast of
New Caledonia. Lon. 164° 22' E. Lat 20° 7' S.
Balaehna, t Russia, in Nishnei-Novgorod, on
the Wolga. Pop, 5,000, 18 m, W, N, W, Nish
nei-Novgorod, 120 E, S, E, Petersburg,
Balaganskoi, t Russia, 30 m, N, N, W, Ir
kutsk, Balaguer, t, Spain, in Catalonia, on the Segre,
Pop, 3,700, 03 m, N, W, Barcelona,

B A L
Balaguer, Col de, pass, on the S, E, coast of
Catalonia, commanding the high road from Tar
ragona to the mouth of the Ebro,
Balakawa, or Balaklaval, s-p, Russia, on the S.
W, point of the Crimea. Lon, 33° 14' E, Lat 44°
35' N,
Balambangan, isl, in the Eastern seas, between
Borneo and Magindano, 14 miles loi^, and 3 to 6
broad, 15 m. from Borneo. Lon. 11'7° 5' E, Lat
7° 15' N.
Balambuan, district in the S, E, of Java, on the
straits of BaUy. Thfe trade in pepper once carried
on here is transferred to Bagnouangay, 15 mUes
north. Lon, 1 14° 28' E, Lat 8° 28' S.
Balaruc, t France, in Herault, 12 m, fr, Mont
peUer. Balaschev, t Russia, 90 m. W. Saratov, 634 S.
E. St Petersburg. Lon. 43° 14' E, Lat 61° 55' N,
Balasore, s-p. Hind, in Orissa. It is in Balasore
roads that the Calcutta pilots wait the arrival of
vessels, 110 m, S, W, Calcutta. Lon. 87° 13' E,
Lat 21° 31' N.
Balaton, lake, Hungary, 5 m. S. Stuhl- Weissen
burg, nearly 40 mUes long, and from 1 to 4 broad.
The Austrian government propose to unite this
lake with the Danube by a canal.
Balbastro, t. Spain, in Arragon, near the con
flux of the Vero and Cinca, 30 m. E. N. E. Sara
gossa. Pop. 5,000.
Bdtbec, ancientiy Heliopolis, the ' City of the
Sun,' in Syria, celebrated for its magnificent ruins.
History has preserved no account of this place,
or of its original inhabitants. The splendid ru
ins of the temple of the Sun, which still remain,
shew that it was formerly adorned with aU the
embelUshments of architecture. The stones com
posing the walls pf this temple are of enormous
size. Many of them are from 28 to 35 feet long,
and 9 deep, and one is 69 feet long and 12 deep.
It is 40 m. N. N. W. Damascus. Lon. 36° 11' E,
Lat 34° 1' N. Pop. in 1751, 5,000 ; in 1784,
1,200. Balbeit. See Bahbeit.
Balby, y. Eng. in Yorkshire, 1 ni. S, W. Don-
caster., Bakarry, s-p, Scotiand, on Sol'way fritii, 10 m.
E. S. E, Kircudbright
Bakhikanskoi, t Siberia, in Irkutsk, 140 m. S,
W. Doroninsk.
Bald Eagle, r. Pa, runs N. E. 44 miles, thi'ough
Mifflin and Lycoming counties, and falls into the
west branch of the Susquehannah.
BaldEagle, mountains, Bedford co. Pa. Bald
Eagle valley Ues on the east side. It is 3 utiles
wide, and the bottom is a bed of Umestone. In
the limestone are worn vast pits 300 feet deep, a
cave wide enough to admit a large shaUop with
her sails spread, and channels under the surface
of the ground several miles long, through which
the largest streams of the valley pass.
Bald Eagle, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop. 1,146,
Bald Eagk, t. Lycoming co. Pa, P<^. 246.
Baldeck, v. Switzerland, 9 m. N. Lucerne.
Baldenau, t. Prussian grand duchy of the Low
er Rhine, 36 m. S. W. Coblentz.
Baldenburg, t West Prussia, 65 m. S. S. W.
Dantzic. Baldem, t Wirtemberg, 1 ra. S. S. E. Zobing.
Bald Head, tiie S. 'W. point of WeUs Bay,
Maine. Lon. 70° 35' W. Lat, 43° N.
Bald Head, the S. W. end of Sraith's island, at
the mouth of Cape Fear river, N. C. It has a light-

B A L
Ftouse, 24 m. N, W. by N. from Frying-Pan-Shoals.
Lon. 78° 13' W. Lat, 33° 51' N.
Bald Head, a promontory about 400 feet high,
on the S. W, coast of New Holland, at the mouth
of King George's sound, Lon, 118° E, Lat 35°
6'S. Bald Head, point, on the N, W, coast of Amer
ica, in Norton sound, Lon, 198° 18' E. Lat 64°
43' N.
Baldivia. See Valdina.
Bald Mountains, a part of the Alleghany ridge,
on the E. border of Tennessee.
Baldock, t Eng. Hertfordshire, 38 m. N, Lon
don. Pop. 1,438.
Baldwin, p-t Cumberland co, Maine, 26 m. N.
W. Portland. Pop. 546.
Baldwinrilk, p-t. Onondaga co. N. Y.
Baldwin, co. Geo. on the Oconee, in the cen
tre of the state. Chief t. MiUedgevUle. Pop.
6,356. Slaves, 2,560.
Baldwin, co. Alabama, at the junction of Ala-
bahia and Tombigbee rivers. Chief t Fort Stod-
dert Baldwinsvilk, p-v. Columbia co. Geo.
Bale, Basle, or Basil, canton, Switzerland, ex
tending from the Rhine on the N. to the canton of
Soleure on tiie S. It contains 187 square miles,
and 37,000 inhabitants.
Bak, cap. of the canton of Bale, and the largest
town in S'witzerland, Ues on the Rhine, which dir
vides it into two unequal parts, joined together by^
a bridge of 600 feet in length. The university
founded here in 1469, has an excellent library, a
cabinet of medal^ and botanic garden. The
manufactures are silk ribbons, silk stuffs, cotton,
paper, linen, and gloves. Here was held a famous
ecclesiastical council, between the years 1431 and
1444. Lon. 7° 31' E. Lat, 47° 40' N. Pop,
15,000, Bale, formerly an independent bishopric,
bounded E, by the canton of Bale, S. by Solo-
.thum, and W. by France. It contained 420
square miles, and about 40,000 inhabitants. The
nett revenue was valued at 20,000/. sterling, to
which the mines contributed between 3000/. and
4000/. It is now included principally in the can
ton of Berne, but partly in Bale Neufchatel, and
Baden. Baleapatam, t Hind, on the ooast of Malabar,
16 m. N. N. W. TeUicherry,
Balearic Islands, in the Mediterranean, off the
east coast of Spain. The principal are Majorca^
Minorca, and Cabrera, "They lie from N. E. to
S, W. and have Ivica, and tiie other Pithyusas isl
ands on the S, W. >
Bakmar, isl. in the Eastern Indian sea. Lon.
128° 12' E, Lat 7° 18' S.
Balfron, v. Scotland, Stirling co. 22 m, N, Glas
gow. Pop. 1,986.
Balfrosh, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, is about a
mile and a half in circuit. 20 m, W, Fehrabad,
Lon, 52° 40' E. T,at 35° 55' N.
Balga, V, castle, andbailiwick, Prussia, 24 m, S.
W. Konigsberg.
Balgaon, t Hind, in Dowlatabad, 16 m. N. W.
Khondar. Balhary, t. and district. Hind, in Mysore, on
the Naggery, 187 m. N. Seringapatam,
Bali, or Liltk Java, one of the Sunda islands,
separated from Java by the straits of Bally. It is
about 76 railes long, by 40 broad. Rice is pro
duced in great quantities here ; also tobacco^ oil,
and salt. The island is divided into eight districts, 11

B A L

81

and each has an independent chief. Pop. esti-
raated at 200,000. Lon. 115° E. Lat. from 8° to
9°S. Baliabadri. See Patras.
Balikesri, t A, Turkey, in Natolia, 52 m, N,E.
Pergamo, Lon. 27° 54' E, Lat, 39° 42' N,
Balincailach, cape, on the W. icoast of Benbe-
cula, one of the Hebrides,
Balingen, t. Wirtemberg, in Upper Neckar, 10
m. N, E, RoUiweU, 36 S, Stutgard. Pop, 3,000,
Balis, r. Syria, flows into .the Euphrates near
Racca. Balis, t Syria, on the Euphrates, 60 m, E.
Aleppo. Balize, the main pass into the mouth of the
Mississippi, 106 m. below New-Orleans. It is 20
miles long, and has 16 feet water on the bar. On
an island at the N. side of the pass is a fort.
Balize, r, S. America, in Yucatan, falls into the
bay of Honduras, in lon. 91° 15' W. lat 14° 50'
N. On its banks the EngUsh have their principal
establishments for cutting down mahogany, some
of which are 200 railes above the mputh of the
river. ¦
Balize, s-p. at the mouth of the above river,
BaUc. See Bulkh.
Balkan, the ancient Hiemus, maintains, Eu,
Turkey, which separate Romania from Bulgaria.
Balkan, bay, on the E, coast of the Caspian sea.
Lat, 39° 45' N.
Balkee, t. Hind, in Beder, 15 m. W. N. W, Be-
der, 45 N, E. Kalbergah, Lon, 77° 29' E, Lat
17° 49' N,
Ball, V, Ireland, Mayo co, 107 m, W, Dublin.
.Ba//ffl, t, Bootan, 26 m, N, Beyhar,
Ballabeea. See Balabea.
Ballabuan, straits, between Java and Bali isl
ands. They are 5 or 6 leagues wide, and of intri
cate navigation,
Balladuk, t. Syria, in the desert, 140 m, E, N, E,
Damascus, Ballaghan Point, the S. W, cape of Carliuford
bay, on the E, coast of Ireland, in Louth co, lira,
S. E. Newry. Lon. 6° 4' W. Lat. 53° 58' N.
Ballaghy, v. Ireland, Londonderry co. 18 m, S.
Coleraine. Ballantrae, v. Scotland, Ayrshire, 28 m. S. S.W,
Ayr. Ballapatty, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 12 m. W.
Vencatighery. Ballard, Cape, Newfoundland. Lon. 52° 26'
W. Lat, 46° 56' N.
Ballard's Point, a cape on the W. coast of Ire
land, Clare co. Lon. 9° 32' W. Lat, 52° 42' N.
Ballai, v, on the left bank of the Nile, Upper
Egypt, 10 m. S. Dendera,
Balleeoongham, isl. in\the Sooloo archipelago
Lon. 120° 6' E. Lat 5° 10' N.
Balknberg, t. Wirtemberg, inGaxt, 2 m. N.W.
Krautheim. Ballenstedt, t. in Ballenstedt county, Germany,
in the principality of Anhalt-Bernburg. 18 m.
S. W. Bernburg, 27 N. E. Nordhausen. Lon. 11°
26' E. Lat. 51° 45' N. Pop. 2,500.
Balkroy. •/. France, on the Drome, 7 ra, S, S.
W,Bayeaux, 18 S. Caen.
Ballimore, t Ireland, Westmeath co, 10 m. N.
Athlone. Ballina, t. Ireland, Mayo co. 6 m, S. Killala.
Ballinacourty, Point, the N. cape of Dungar-
van bay, on the S. coast of Ireland, Waterford C(;,
4 m. E, Dungarvan.

82

B A L

Ballinahinch, v. Ireland, Down co, 12 m, S.
Belfast Ballinakil, t Ireland, Queens co. 14 m. W.
Carlow. Ballinakil Harbor, on the W. coast of Ireland,
40 m. N. W. Galway. Lon. 9° 68' W. Lat 53°
34' N. "^
BallinaskeUig, bay, on the S. W. coast of Ire
land. Lon. 10° 6' W, Lat. 61° 46' N,
BaUinasloe, t, Ireland, Galway co. on the W,
bank of the Suck, Here is held a fair for cattie
and sheep, 30 m, W, Galway,
Ballinrobt, t Ireland, Mayo co, 15 ra, S. Cas-
tlebar. Bddintry, v. Ireland, Antrim co. 20 m, N, Bal
lymena, Ballock, isl. in the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
121° 52'E. Lat 6° 32' N,
BaUon, t France, on the Orne, 16 m, S, Alen
con, Pop. 3,560.
Ballon, t. France, in Lower-Charente, 9 m, S.
E.Xa RocheUe.
Balls. See Baals.
BaUston, p-t and cap, Saratoga co. N. Y. 28 m.
N. Albany. Pop. 2,155, It contains a courthouse,
an academy, and 6 houses for public worship.
BaUstan-Spa, p-v. partly in BaUston, but chief
ly in Milton, Saratoga co. N. Y. 26 m. N. Albany,
in a beautiful and romantic situation. Pop. 614.
It has a courthouse, two printing-offices, a book
store : ¦with which is connected a circulating U-
brary and a reading room ; an academy, and 2
houses for public worship, one for Episcopalians,
and one for Baptists. This place is famous for its
mineral watfers, which are rauch frequented by
the gay and fashionable during the months of July
and August. Hence, in addition to several inns,
there are three large boarding houses expressly
designed for the accommodation of strangers. In
•the summer of 1818, 2,500 persons visited these
springs, of whom more than 1,200 were from the
states south of New York. The waters possess a
stimulating and refreshing quality. Under the
ejxhaustion of heat and fatigue, nothing can be
more agreeable and reviving to the system. As
a powerful remedy also in many diseases, they are
well known and highly celehrated. Letters in
tended for persons residing at the springs, should
"be directed to BaUston-Spa, as there is another
post-office in the town of BaUston, at some dis
tance from the village.
Ballsville, p-v. Powhattan co. Va, 48 ra, N. W.
Richmond. Balluntee, t. Hind, in QrisSa, 13 m. S. E. Cat-
tack. Ballybay, v. Ireland, 9 m, S, Monaghan.
Ballycarme, or Ballycannow, v. Ireland, Wex
ford CO, 5 m. S. Newborough.
BaUycastk, s-p. Ireland, Antrim co. 30 ra. N.
Antrira. Ballycotton, isl, in St George's channel, on the
S. W. coast of Ireland, 4 m. fr. Cloyne. Lon. 7°
69' W. L-dt51°50'N,
Ballydonegan Bay, on the S, W. coast of Ire
land. Lon. 10° W. Lat 51° 35' N.
Balhjdovelin Bay, on the S. W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 32' W, Lat, 61° 27' N,
Ballyela Bay, on the W, coast of Ireland, 12 m,
S. E. South-Arran islands. Lon, 9° 20' W. Lat
62°53'N. Ballyferis Point, Cape, Ireland, on the coast of
Down,' Lon, 5° 23' W, Lat. 54° 33' N.

B A L
Ballygawly, v.lreland, Tyrone co, 74 m.from
DubUn. Ballygelly Head, cape, Ireland, on the E. ceast.
Lon, 5° 44' W. Lat, 54° 54' N.
BaUyhaura, v. Ireland, 21 m. N. Cork.
Ballyhays, t Ireland, Cavan co. 69 m.fr. Dub
lin. Ballyheigh. See Kerry Head.
Ballylany, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 10° 16' W. Lat 53° 23' N.
Ballymena, t. Ireland, in Antrim co. on tha
Maine. Pop. 2,600. 20 m. N. W. Belfast
Ballymoney, v. Ireland, Antrim co. 23 m. N. An
trim, 30 E. Londonderry. Pop. 1,800.
Ballyraghan Bay, on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 6' W, Lat 53° 7' N.
Ballyshannon, s-p, Ireland, Donegal co, on a bay
at the mouth of the Erne, 40 m, S. W. London
derry. Balme, t. Savoy, 6 m. N. W. Annecy.
Balmerino, v. Scotland, Fifeshire, on the S.
bank of the Tay, 8 m. N. W. St Andrews.
Balnakyk, v. Scotland, in a bay on the W. coast
of Lewis island, one of the Hebrides. Lon. 7° 3'
W. Lat 58° 8' N,
Balongo, 3 islands in the bay of Bengal, near
the coast of Arracan. Lon. 93° to 93° 20' E. Lat
19° 50' to 20° 5'N.
Balremit Bay, on the E. coast of Colonsay, one
of Uie Hebrides. Lon. 6° 7' W. Lat 56° 6' N.
Balsas, t Peru, in Chachapuyas, on the E. side
of the Amazon, 40 ra. N. Caxamarca. Lat 6"
16' S.
Balsora. See Bassora.
Balsover. See Bolsover.
Balslal, t. Switzerland, 10 m. N, E. Solothum.
Bulla, or Balto, t Eu. Russia, cap. of a cfrcle
in PodoUa, on the Kadyma, 65 m. N. N.E. Ben
der. Bulla, one of the smaUer Shetland islands, near
tiie E. coast of Unst Lon. 4° 2' W. Lat 61° 7 N.
BaMasch, v. Russia, in Caucasus, on the left of
the river Terek, 6 m. fr. 'Wladikawkas.
Baltchimkin. See Black sea.
Baltchutzko, t Russia, inCoUiyvan.
Baltic Port, or Rogerwick, s-p. Russia, in Re
vel, on Roog island, at the iiiflux of the Padis into
the Baltic, 38 m. W. Revel, 150 N. Riga.
Baltic Sea, a well known inland sea in the north
west of Europe. It begins at the Danish islands
of Zealand and Funen, and is formed by the coasts
of Denmark, Gerraany, Prussia, Russia, and Swe
den. It extends beyond 66° N. lat being above
600 miles in length, and varying from 75 to 160 in
breadth. Its surface contains about 120,000
square miles. The flatness of the Prussian shore,
wiUi the ruggedness of that of Sweden, and above
all, the sudden changes in the state of the -winds,
and the violent storms, render this sea very dan
gerous for navigators. It is frozen for about three
months every year, so as to prevent navigation
altogether ; in the south, the melting of the ice
talres place in April; but in the gulfs of Bothnia
and Finland, it is seldom dissolved till tiie end of
May. There ai-e three passages from the Catte
gat into the Baltic — ^the Sound, the Great Belt,
and the Littie Belt; of these, the most frequent
ed is the Sound. At each a toll is paid for the
purpose of maintaining light-houses. The num
ber of vessels which passed the Sound iu 1816^
was 8,871.
Baltimore, t, frelandj Cork co. 13 m. S. Bafltry.

B A L

BAM

83

Baltimore, t. Windsor co, Vt, 11m, S.W. Wind
sor, Pop, 207,
Baltimore, hundred, Sussex co, Dela'ware,
Baltimore, co, Md, on the W, side of Chesa
peake bay, N, of Patapsco river. Chief t Balti
more, Pop, 29,255, exclusive of the city and its
precincts, Baltimore, city, and port of entry, Baltimore eo.
Maryland, is on the N. side of Patapsco river, 14
miles from its entrance into Chesapeake bay ; 38
m, N, E. Washington, 100 S, W, Philadelphia, 190
S. W. New York, 400 S. W. Boston, 160 N. E.
Richmond, 230 E. S. E. Pittsburg, 590 N. N. E.
Charleston. Lon. 76° 36' W. Lat 39' 17' N.
Pop. of the city and precincts, in 1790, 13,503 ;
in 1800, 26,514 ; in 1810, 46,655, of whom 10,343
were blacks ; and in 1820, 62,627.
Baltimore is well situated for commerce. It is
connected by good turnpike roads with various
parts of Pennsylvania, and with the navigable wa
ters which run into the Ohio. It possesses the
trade of Maryland, and of a great portion of the
back country of Pennsylvania, and the western
States, In amount of shipping, it is the third
city in the Union. The number of tons in 1815
was 101,960. The growth of the city has been
remarkably rapid. In 1790, the amount of ship-
? ing was only 13,564 tons, and the population in
770 was only 300.
The city is built around a bay, which sets up
from the north side of the Patapsco, and affords a
^acious and convenient harbor. The strait
which connects this bay with the river is very
narrow, scarcely a pistol shot across, and is well
defended by Fort M'Henrj. A small river, called
Jones' Falls, empties into the north side of the
harbor, and divides the city into two parts, called
the town and Fell's point, which are connectedby
bridges. At Fell's point, the water is deep
enough for vessels of 500 or 600 tons, but none
larger than 200 tons can go up to the town. .
Baltimore contains the State penitentiary ; the
city aud county almshouse ; a court-house ; a
museum; a theatre; a custom-house ; a, hospital,
iu which there is a fine collection of anatomical
preparations iu wax ; an exchange, an immense
edific# recentiy erected; 3 market houses; 10
banks, 31 houses of public worship, 6 for Roman
Catholics, 6 for EpiscopaUans, 6 for Methodists, 3
for Baptists, 2 for Presbyterians, 2 for Dutch Re
formed, 2 for Seceders, 2 for Friends, 1 for Lu
therans, 1 for Independents, 1 for Dunkers, 1 for
Unitarians, and 1 for Swedenborgians.
A marble monument to the memory of General
Washington has been recentiy erecte4, on an ele
vation at the north end of Charles street. The
base is 50 feet square, and 23 feet high, on which
is another square of about half the extent and
elevation. On this is a lofty column, 20 feet in
diameter at the base, and 14 at the top. On the
summit of this column, 163 feet from the ground,
the statue of Washington is to be placed.
, The Battle Monument, erected to the memory
of those who fell in bravely defending, their city
from the attack of the British on the 12th and 13th
of Sept. 1814, is a handsome structure bf stone, sit
uated on a large square in North Calvert street
The names of the persons are to be inscribed on
the column.
The city is generally well built. The houses
are chiefly of brick ; many of them are handsome,
and sorae splendid. The principal street is Market

or Baltimore street, 86 feet wide. It runs nearly
east and west, parallel with the harbor, and is in
tersected by others fit right angles. North and
East of the city, the land rises to a considerable
elevation, from which there is a ijioble view of the
city and harbor.
There are several literary institutions in this
city. A Medical College was founded in 1807.
In 1812 the institution was enlarged, and receiv
ed a new charter. It is now styled the University
of Maryland, and embraces the departments «f
languages, arts, sciences, medicine, law, and di
vinity. 'The medical department has 6 Professors,
and is in a very flourishing state. There are no
Professors as yet in the other departments. St
Mary's College has a valuable library, a chemicEiJl
and philosophical apparatus, and about 150 stu
dents. Baltimore college has 2 instructors, and
about 60 students.
Baitinglttss, t. Ireland, Wicklow co. 29 m. S.
W. Dublin. , •
Baliurta, lake, Jlu,ssia, in Orenburg, 143 m. S.
W. Upha.- Lon. 52° 4' E. Lat 50° N.
Baluchistan. See Beloochistan.
Balve, or Balva, t. Prussian states, in the duchy
of Westphalia, 051 the Hohn, 10 m. S. W. Arens
berg, 38 N. E. Cologne.
Baluher, v. Syria, 12 ra. fr. Latakia.
Bam. See Bumm.
Bamada, t. S. America, in La Paz, 100 m, S,
Potosi. Bamba, the largest and richest provinceof Con
go, West Africa. It extends along the coast
about 150 miles, from the river Arabriz to the Co-
anza. The city of Bamba is upwards of id
leagues in the interior. Lon. 13° 52' E. Lat 7°
2'S. Bambarra, a large and powerful kingdopj of
central Africa, on both sides of the Niger, be
tween Kaarta on the west, and Tombuctoo on the
east. The inhabitants consist of a mixture of
Moors and Negroes. The trade with the coast i3_
carried on by travelling merchants; that with
Barbary, by the Moors, across the desert. Its cap
ital is Sego.
Bamberg, formerly a bishopric and principality
in Franconia, now included in the Bavarian cir
cles of the Maine and the Rezat Pop. 207,000.
Extent, 1,430 square miles. It yields a revenue
of 150,000/. steriing.
Bamberg, the capital of the circle of the Maine,
in Bavaria, is on the Regnitz, which enters tbe
Maine a little below the town. It has a cathedral,
which is a vast Gothjo edifice ; and a university
wliicl|^ possesses a good library and museum ojf
natural history. 30 m. N. N, W. Nuremberg.
Long. 10° 35' E, Lat, 49° 36' N. Pop, 20,000.
Bamborough, v. Eng. in Northumberland,
on the sea coast, with a castle close to the Sea
shore, 5 m. E, Belford.
Bantbouch, the ancient Magog, or Hieropplis,
city, Syria. It was Of an irregular form, envi
roned by walls, entered by 4 gates. The remains
of several ancient structures and sculptures are
stiU seen. 50 ra. fr. Aleppo,
Bambouk, kingdom of Central Africa, lying be
tween the Senegal and Gambia ; on the E, bank of
the Faleme, and S. of the kingdom of Gallam. It
is about 100 miles fromN. to S. ahd 80 from E. to
W, It appears to be the main source of that
large, quantity of gold, which is on one side con-
yeyed down the Gambiaaad Senegal, anil oa the

84 BAN
other across the desert into Barbary. The in^
habitants are mostly of the Maiiding race, and
profess Mahoraetanisra.
Bambukalasi, t. A, Turkey, in Natolia, 12 m.
N, Deniziglu.
Bamency, isl, off the coast of Chittayong, in
Bengal, Here is an extensive manufacture of
salt. Bamian, city, Persia, on the S. W. side of the
Hindoo Khoosh mountains, 100 m, N, W, Cabul,
170 S. S, E. Balk, The city is cut out of the
mountain, and is said to consist of 12,000 cham
bers or recesses. Lon. 66° 57' E, Lat 34° 30' N.
Bammakoo, t. Bambarra, in Africa, on the Ni
ger, at the -cataracts. The town carries on a
great trade in salt, 180 ra. S. W, Sego. Lon. 5°
48' W. Lat 12° 50' N.
Barrwa, t. Ava, on the Irrawaddy, 170 m, N. N.
E. Ammerapore.
Bampton, or Bampton in the Bush, t Eng. in
Oxfordshire, 10 m. fr. Oxford. Pop. 1,232.
Bampton, t Eng. in Dei^onshire, 5 m. N. Tiv
erton. Pop. 1,452.
Banaghan, t. Ireland, King's co. on the Shan
non, 16 ra. S. Athlone.
Banaganpilly, v. Hind, celebrated for its dia
mond mines. 12 m.W. Nundial. -Lon. 79° E,
Lat 14° 28' N,
Banaru, t, Persia, in Laristan, 30 m, W, Lar.
Banaz, t. iuNatolia, 30 m, N. W. Karahissar."
Banbury, t Eng. Oxford co, 224 m. N, Oxford,
75 N. W. London. Pop. 2,841.
Banea, island, in the Indian sea, about 130
miles long, and 40 or 50 broad, separated from Su
matra by the straits of Banea. A vast quantity
of tin is obtained from mines situated in seven dif
ferent places, which are said to be worked by a
colony of about 10,000 Chinese, From 133
pounds of ore, '75 pounds of metal are obtained ;
and the total produce of the mines amounts to
four millions of pounds annually. It forraerly be
longed to the king of Palembangan, but was ceded
to the British in 1812. In 1814, the British ceded
it to Holland iri exchange for Cochin. It was
formerly alraost uninhabited, except by miners
and pirates. Lon. 105° 15*— 106° 40' E, Lat, 1°
27'— 3° 4' S,
Banea, Straits of, between the island of Suma
tra on the W. and that of Banea on the E, It is
about 102 miles in length.
Banea, isl. off the N. E, extremity of Celebes,
Lon, 125° E. Lat. 1° 50' N.
Bancalia, isi in the straits of Malacca. Lon.
101° 54' E. Lat 1° 38' N.,
Bancapour, t Hind, in Bejapoor, 60 m. E. Dar-
war. Lon. 75° 10' E. Lat 14° 58' N.
Bankapour, t Hind, in Mysore, 108 m. N. W.
Seringapatam. Bancaro, r. Africa, faUs into the Congo from
theN. Banco, t. S. Araerica, in Carthagena, on the
Magdalena. Bancock, or Fon, t. Siara, 15 or 16 ra. fr, the
sea, on the E, side of the river Meinara, Lon.
101° 10' E. Lat, 13° 40' N,
Bancos, islands on the N, W. coast of Honduras.
Lon, 84° 46' W, 'Lat, 16° 24' N,
Bancout, r. Hind, rises in the Ghaut mountains
and faUs into the sea, near Fort Victoria,
. Bancout, or Fort Victoria, isl. Hind, on the
coast of Concan. with a good harbor, 70 m. S.
Bombay, Lon. 72° 55' E, Lat. 17° 56' N.
Banda Islands, a group of islands about 130 m .

BAN
E. S, E. Amboyna. They are ten in number;
and covered with rich black soU. None of them
are large. Lantoir is only 8 miles long, by 24
broad, and Neira, the next in importance, 2i miles
long, by J of a mile broad. The chief produce
of the Banda islands is niftmegs, for the cultiva
tion of which Neira, Lantoir, Pulo Ay, and Pulo,
Rondo, are laid out in parks or plantations. Each
tree produces about ten pounds yearly. 'The total
quantity produced in the four islands, was former
ly estimated at 350,000 pounds of nutmeg annu
ally, and 100,000 pounds of mace. The cultiva
tion is only allowed in four of the islands. In aU
the others, care is taken to extirpate the tree ;
and in those islands where the nutmeg is cBltiva--
ted, the trade is held under a strict monopoly.
These islands draw a large portion of their pro
visions from Batavia. The Dutch were the first
European occupiers of the Banda islands ; but in
1796 the British took possession of them -without
resistance. They were restored in 1801 ; again
captured in 1810, and again restored at the gen
eral peace of 1814. Lon. 130° E. Lat 4° 30' S.
Bandell, t. Bengal, 2 ra. above Hoogly.
Bander Abassi. See Gomberoon.
Banderas, bay, on the W. coast of Mexico, be
tween Cape Corrientes and Tintoque point Lat
20° 30' N.
Bandi, t Africa, in Lower Guinea, on an island
at the mouth of Bandi river.
Banditti Island, at the S. entrance of the straits
of Lombock. Lon. 1 15° 35' E. Lat 8° 50" S.
Bandonbridge, t Ireland, Cork co. on the river
Bandon. Linens, camblets, and coarse wo<dlen
stuffs are manufactured here. Pop. 14,120. 13
m, fr. Cork.
Bandora, t. Hind, on the island of Salsette, 6
m. N. Borabay,
Baneas, t. Syria, 34 m, N. Tripdi.
Banee, isl. in the English channel, 3 m, S. W.
Ushant Lon. 4° 56' W. Lat 48° 25' N.
Banff, a maritime county of Scotiand, bounded
N. by Murray frith, S. and E. by Aberdeen co.
and W. by Elgin and Inverness. It contains 622
square miles, and 36,668 inhabitants. .
Banff, s-p. Scotiand, in Banff co. at the mouth
of the Derevon, where there is an indifferent har
bour, owing to the shifting of sand banks. 44
m. N. W. Aberdeen. Lon. 2° 25' W. Lat 67°
38' N, Pop, 2,860.
Bangalore, t Hind, in Mysore, formerly the
capital ofa kingdom. Its principal manufactures
are wooUen cloths, and silk. A great trade is
carried on in betel-nut, black pepper, and sandal
wood. The situation is healthy, being elevated
about 3,000 feet above the level of the sea. In
1819, the London Miss. Society sent out 2 mission
aries to occupy this station. 74 m. N. E, Sering
apatam, 215 W. Madras. Lon. 77° 46' E. Lat, 12°
57' N.
Bangey, a cluster of islands in the Molucca pas
sage. Lon: 124° 15' E. Lat, 1° 45' S,
Bango, isl. near Siam. Lon. 98° 42' E. Lat.
7° 48' N,
Bangor, city and bishop's see, Wales, in Caer
narvonshire, on a bav in Uie Menai straits. Pop.
of the parish, 2,393. " 251 m. N, W. London.
Bangor, v. Wales, in FUntshire, on the Dee.
Bangor, t. Ireland, Down co, 90 ra. N. E, Dub
lin, Bangor, p-t, and cap, Penobscofco, Maine, on
the W, side of Penobscot river, at the head of nav
igation ; 35 m, N. Castine ; and 52 from Owl's

BAN
Head, at the mouth of Penobscot bay. Pop. in
1810, 850. It is not open for shipping during the
winter, but at other seasons is of very easy ac
cess for vessels of almost any size, and the river is
open at aU times within 12 mUes to Frankfort
Bangor -wiU be the natural raarket for a large
portion of the interior of Maine. - It is a flourish
ing place, and contains a court-house, bank, and
printing-office. A Theological Seminary has been
recently established here, styled "The Maine
Charity School," It is under the direction of
2 professors and a preceptor. Its design is to pre
pare young men for the ministry by a shorter
course of study than is usual. The qualifications
for admission, are a knowledge of EngUsh gram
mar, arithmetic and Latin grammar, and sorae ac
quaintance with the Latin classics. The term of
study is four years.
Bangor, p-t Franklin co. N. T. 15 m. W. Ma-
lone, f
Bangue, r. W. Africa, falls into the Atlantic.
Lat 7° 42' N.
Banguey, isl. off the N. coast of Borneo. Lon.
117°26'E.Lat7° 15'N.
Banhanghur, t. Hind. 88 m. S. S. W. Benares.

Banhybasar, t, Bengal, on the Hoogly, 15 ra. N.
Calcutta. Baniak, isl, off W, coast of Sumatra. Lon. 96°
48' E. Lat 2° 10' N.
Banjahika, or Bagnaluka, fort and t Turkey,
in Bosnia. 144 m. W. Belgrade. Lon. 17° 9' E.
Lat. 45° 4' N,
Banjar Massin, t. and district, Borneo, on a
river of that name, which falls into the sea near
the S. extremity of the island. The district pro
duces diamonds, gold dust, iron, canes, and pep
per, tfie last of which is its staple commodity,. The
Dutch have a fort and factory here. Lon. 114°
55' E. Lat 3° S.
Banica, t St. Domingo, 40 ra. S. E. Cape Fran
cois, Bankala, isl. off the coast of Celebes, Lon, 122°
51' E, Lat 2° 30' S,
Bankapour, fort. Hind, in Mysore, on the river
Budra, 9 m, N. W. Seringapatam.
Bankodang, in the Eastern Indian sea, Lon,
118° 2' E. Lat 5° 12' S,
Bankok. See Bancock.
Banks, Cape, the N, E, point of Botany Bay, ou
the E. coastof New Holland,
Bank's Island, New Zealand, 60 miles in
circumference, aud visible at the distance of 12 or
15 leagues. 15 m. from Tavai Poenammoo. Lat
43° 32' S. Lon, 186° 30' W,
Bank's Island, near the N, W. coast of Amer
ica, about 60 ra, long, and 5 broad. Lon. 129°
45' to 130° la W. Lat. 53° 30' N.
Bank's Port, a harbour on the N. W. coast of
Araerica. Lon. 185° W. Lat 56° 40' N,
Bankybazar, t. Bengal, on the bank of the Hoog
ly 16 m, N, Calcutta.
.Bann, r. Ireland, passes through Lough Neagh,
and runs into the North sea, 4 m, N, W, Colerain,
Bannalec, t, France, in Finisterre, 4 m, S, E,
Rosperden. Pop. 4,760. *
Bannbridge, v. Ireland, Down co. 12 m. N, N. E
Ne-wry. Bannec, isl. in the English channel, near the
coast of France, Lon, 4° 55' W, Lat. 48° 25' N.
Bannockburn, v. Scotiand, Stirlingshire, oh the
Bannock ; famous for a battie, between the Scotch

BAR

85

and EngUsh, June 1314, in which the EugUsh wer6
defeated ; and for another between James III, and
his subjects in 1488. 4 m. E. StirUng, 31 W. Ed
inburgh, Bannow, s-p, Ireland, 11 m, E, S, E, Water
ford, Banos, t, Spain, in Leone, 30 m, from Placentia,
in Estreraadura. Here are baths recoramended
for rheumatisms and nervous complaints. Its
vines produce annually 15,000 arobas of wine.
Bantam, kingdom on the N. W, coast of Java,
belonging to the Dutch, Bantam, the capital,
stands about a mile from the sea, in a low marshy'
situation, on Bantam river, 61 m. W, Batavia, It
was once the chief resort of vessels from Europe,
but its trade is transferred to other channels, and
the bay and harbour are so much choaked up
with accessions of earth washed down from the
mountains, and the growth of coral shoals, as to
be inaccessible to ships of burden,
Banteln, v. Hanover, in the principality of Ca
lenberg, 18 m, E, Haraeln,
Bantry, t Ireland, on Bantry Bay, 40 ra. S, W.
Cork, Bantry Bay, on S, W. coast of Ireland, about
25 miles long by 6 or 8 broad, vrith between 10
and 40 fathoms of water. It affords a very fine
harbour for shipping, Lon, 9° 24' to 9° 45' E.
Lat, 51° 30' to 51° 40' N,
Banyouwangy, Dutch setUeraent on the coast of
Java, It is soraetimes covered with ashes, from a
volcano on the island of Bali, Lon, 114° 20' E.
Lat. 8° 15' S.
Baol, kingdom W. Africa, between-the Senegal
and Gambia,
Bapaume, t France, in Pas-de-Calais, 18 S, E.
¦ Arras. Lon, 2° 51' 7'' E, Lat 50° 6' 12" N,
Bapaume, or Maromme, r, France, falls into the
Seine below Rouen, *
Bapopas, t in the interior of New Albion. Lat.
37° 45' N. Lon. 1 14° 25' W. See New Albion.
Bar, or Barr, t. France, in Lower Rhine. , It
trades in com, cattle, wine, and brandy, and has
manufactures of linen and other cloths. 16 m.
S. W. Strasburg, Pop, 4,100.
Bar, or Baer, t, Russia, in Podolia, on the river
Kow. 45 m, E. N. E. Karainiec. Lon, 27° 52'
E, Lat, 49° 6' N,
Bar, V, France, in Var, 4 m. N, E, Grasse,
Bar, t Hind, on the Ganges, in Behai". Lon.
96° 50' E. Lat 25° 18' If.
Baraba, plain, Siberia, in Tomsk, between the
rivers Irtisch, Oby, and the Altaian mountains.
Baracan, t. Hungary, at the influx of tiie Gran
into the Danube, 2 m.N. Gran. The circle of Bar
acan contains 26 viUages.
Babacoa, s-p. Cuba, 60 m. N. E. St. Jago de Cu
ba. Baracoe, s-p, on tiic Gold coast of Africa. Lon,
1° 25' W. Lat. 5° 28' N.
Baragon, isl. near the island of Salsette, on the
W. coast of Hindostan.
Baraiche, district. Hind, separated from Ne
paul by a lofty range of mountains,
Baranei-Stanitz, t. Siberia, on the Lena, 62 m.
N, E,Vitimskoi, Lon, 113° 14' E, Lat 54° 50' N.
Barania, r. Mexico, runs into the Pacific, lat.
22° N.
Baranov, cape, Siberia, on the shore of the Fro
zen ocean. Mammoth's tusks, of 115 pounds
weight, have been found here. Lat. 69° 29' N.
Baranya, county, Hungary, on the Danube. Il
is rich ia grain, fruit, cattle; and game. Pop.

86

BAR

140,000 ; consisting of Hungarians, Germans,
Russians, and Croats.
, Barataria. See Barratb/ria.
Barato, Porto, s-p. Italy, in Piombino, on the
coast, with a harbour.
Barau, t. Bohemia, on the Blanitz, 60 m. S.
Prague. ' Barbacoa, isl. in the Atlantic, within the gulf of
Darien. Barbacoas, city. New Grenada, near the coast,
120 ra, N, Quito, 110 W, S, W, Popayan,
Barbacoas, t, in Venezuela, at the source of
Tucuyo river ; another on the E. of Lake Mara
caibo, 75 S, Venezuela,
Barbadoes, one of the Caribbees, and the most
eastern of Uie W. India islands. Lat 13° 10' N.
Lon. 69° W. The earl of Marlborough obtained
from James I. a grant of the island, in 1624, and
laid the foundation of James Town. It is 21 miles
long, 14 broad, and contains 106,470 acres. It
lies 20 leagues E. of St Vincent, 26 from St Lu
cia, 28 S, E, Martinico, 60 N, E, Trinidad, and
100 S, E. St. Christopher's. It is divided into 5
districts and 11 parishes ; chief t Bridgetown.
Pop. in 1811, 16,289 whites ; 3,392 free people of
colour ; 62,258 sla?ves. In 1810, the imports were
311,400/. Exports, 271,597/. Owing to the
hurricanes, the population and produce of the isl
and have diminished. From 1740 to 1786, the
annual exp6rts declined from 13,948 hogsheads of
sugar to 9,554 ; from 12,884 puncheons of rum to
6,448, &c. The United Brethren, and the Wes
leyan Methodists have each a missionary here, and
the Church Missionary Society supports a school
for the education of the negroes,
Barbantane, t France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
5 m. S. W. Avignon.
Barbarano, t. Venetian territory, in Vicentino,
12 m, E, Aviano.
Barbary, or the Barbary States, an extensive
country lying along the northern coast of Africa,
bounded N. by the Mediterranean, S, by the Saha
ra or Great Desert, and W, by the Atlantic, It
is intersected through nearly its whole extent by
the, celebrated Atlas range of mountains, which
run parallel with the coast. Between tiiis chain
¦md the sea is a valley, from 50 to 200 miles broad,
which constitutes the cultivated land of Barbary,
This tract is well watered, and exhibits an exu
berant fertility, producing wheat, olives, almonds,
and delicious fruits. The tract between the Atias
range and the desert is to a great extent sandy
and barren, but produces dates in such abun
dance, that it is called Biledulgerid, or the coun
try of dates. The climate of Barbary is temperate
and pleasant. The plague, however, occasion
ally visits it, and leprosy is very common. Among
the animals are lions, leopards, and enormous
serpents, sorae of which are venomous. The
inhabitants may be divided into 4 classes. 1 . The
Moors, who are the ruUng people, and constitute
the raass oftlie population in all the cities. They
are among the most vicious and profligate people
on the earth. They are pirates, and formerly com
mitted great depradations in the Mediterranean,
on the commerce of Christian nations. 2. The
Jews, who arc the principal merchants, and are
continually insulted and most cruelly oppressed
by the Moors, 3, The Arabs, who live in tents,
in independent ti'ibes, and -wander witii their
flocks and herds in the interior districts, on the
borders of the desert, 4, The Brebers, who are
descendants of tho ancient natives, and inhabit the

BAR
mountainous districts. They Uve in fixed villa
ges, and cultivate the ground, 'The religion of
all these classes, except the Jews, is Mahometan-
ism, The names of the Barbary states are Mo
rocco, Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoh, ^
Barbary^ p-v. Rowan co, N, C, 134 m, W, Ra
leigh. Barber's, p-v. Fauquier co. Va.
Barbary Point, Africa, the N. cape at the mouth
of Senegal river. Lat 16° N.
Barbas, cape, on the W. coast of Africa, near
the mouth of St Cyprian river. Lat 22° N.
Barbaslre, s-p. France, isl. of Noirmoutier, in
La Vendee.
Barbata, r. Algiers, faUs into the Taphna, 1 m.
S. Tackurabreet.
Barbela, or Verbela, r, Africa, the S, branch of
the Zaire or Congo, supposed to rise in Matamba.
Barberino, t. Italy, in Tuscany, between Flor
ence anC Sienna.
Barberino di Valdelsa, t Tuscany, in Certaldo,
outhe Sieve, at the foot of the Appennines, 18 m.
N. Florence.
Barbezieux, t France, in Charente, 28 m. S. E.
Saintes. Pop, 2,740,
Barbing, v. Bavaria, on the S. bank of the Dan- ^
ube, below Ratisbon.
BarbaursviUe, p-v. Orange co. Va. 87 m, N. Wj
Richmond, Barbourvilk, p-t. and cap. Knox co. Ken, 124
m. S. Frankfort Pop. 55.
Barbonne, t France, in Marne, 5 ra. S. W. Se
zanne. Barbuda, one of thte Caribbee islands, 21 miles
long, 12 wide. 12 leagues N. E. Antigua, 24 N,
N, E. St Christopher's. Lon. 61° 46' W. Lat
17° 36' N.
Barbue, r. U. S. runS into Lake Michigan (com
the S. E. between Raisin and Maramee rivers ;
72 ra, N, Fort St Joseph's, Another in Canada,
runs into Lake Erie, 40 m. W. Long-point
Barburata, isl, in the bay of Honduras, Lon.
86°50'W. Lat 16° 26'N.
Barby, county of the Prassian states on the
Elbe, between IMagdeburg and Anholt
Barby, chief t Barby co, on the Elbe, near the
junction of the Saale, 14 ra. S. S. E. Magdeburg.
Pop. 2,814.
Barca, country, Africa, on the coast, between
Tripoli and Egypt It belongs to TripoU. Chief
t, Deme, Its sea-port, Barca, is in lon, 20° 25'
E, lat 32° 26'N,
Barcelona, city, Spain, in Catalonia, on the
Mediterranean, The harbor, tiiough spacious, is
difficult of entrance. The manufactures are cal
ico, silk, woollen, and cotton goods ; excellent
muskets, pistols, swords, and other small arms.
The imports are French and Italian manufactured
goods ; corn, rice, timber from the Baltic ; yellow
wax from Barbary, iron from Sweden, steel from
England and Styria, hemp from Riga and St, Pe
tersburgh, Unen, copper, brass, and wire, from
Gerraany, and codfish from Newfoundland, 'The
town is elegantiy built, has nine parish churches,
34 cloisters, six colleges, six hospitals, one of which
is fitted up to contain 3,000 sick ; a Uieatre, and
dock-yard, Jtistheseeof a bishop. It is strongly
fortified, but, on the 16th February 1808, it was
surprised by a body of French troops under gene
ral Duhesme, and continued in possession of the
French until 1814. 39 ra. E, N, E, Tarragona,
276 E, N, E, Madrid, Lon, 2° 9' 57" E, Lat
41° 21' 44" N, Pop, ni,i;oo.

BAR
Barcelona, t. on the northern coast of S, Ameri,-
ca, capital of a district of the same name. It has
been an emporiura for great quantities of contra
band goods imported from Trinidad, and dispers
ed over the adjacent provinces. It is 42 m, W. of
Cumana, Pop, 14,000,
Barcelona River. See Neveri.
Barcelonetta, t. Spain, S. E. of Barcelona, be
tween its harbor and the light-house. Pop.
10,000. Barcellonette, formerly a province of France
now included in Lower Alps.
Barce//one//e, t. France, in Lower Alps. Near
it is a passage across the Alps to Coni ; 56 m. N.
W, Nice.
Bard, fort, in Piedmont, on the Doria, 17 m. S.
S. E, Aosta.
Bardes, isl. N. of Goa, on the W. coast of Hind.
Bardewick, t duchy of Luneburg, on the Elme-
nau, 4 m. N. Luneburg, formerly a trading town
of great note.
Bardi, t. Italy, in Parma, the head of a mar
quisate, 26 m. 'W. Parma.
Bardinetto, t. Piedmont, on the Appenines, 10
m, S, Ceva,
Bardistan, cape in the Persian gulf. Lon, 51°
15' E, Lat 28° N.
Bardoneche, t. Piedmont, in a vaUey, 18 ra, W.
Susa. Bardsey, isl. on the ooast of Wales. Lon, 6° 4'
W. Lat 52° 48' N,
Barefields, p-t. Liberty co. S. Carolina, 41m. fr.
Washington. Barford, t RicheUeu and Buckingham cos.
Lower Canada. S. E. Montreal on the Province
tine. Barege, or Barreges, v. France, in Upper Py
renees, 1() m. S, Bagneres. It is famed for its min
eral waters.
Bareilly, city. Hind. cap. of Bareilly district, on
the Sautara; 40 railes east of the Ganges, 805
N. W, of Calcutta. Lon. 79° 21' E. Lat 28° 22'
N. Itis large' and populous, and the seat of the
British Judicial establishment for the district, and
is one of the stations of the Church Missionary So
ciety. The district was ceded to the British gov
ernment in 1802, and bids fair to become one of
the finest parts of the EngUsh dominions in the east.
Barelon, el, Lybia, tiie ancient Parcetonium,
150 m, W. Alexandria.
Barentin, t France, in Lower Seine, 8 ra. W.
Rouen, Barenton, t France, in La Manche, 5 ra. S. E.
Mortain.' Pop. 3,120.
Bareuth. See Bayreuth.
Barffieur, s-p. France, in La IVlanche. Here
WilUam the Conqueror equipped the expedition
which effected the conquest of England. 12 m.
E. Cherbourg, The promontory of Barfleur is 18
m. E. Cherbourg. Lon. 1° 17' W, Lat, 49° 40' N.
Barga, t and cap. of a vicariat in the grand
duchy of Tuscany, on the Serchio, 6 m. fr. Luc
ca. Pop. 9,000.
Bargaintoum, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J. 88 m. S.
Treilton. Barge, or Barges, t. Piedmont, at the foot pf
the Alps, a. little N. W. Saluzzo, 8 ra. S. Pignerol.
Pop. 6,900. ,
. Bargoozin, t. Russia, in Nertchinsfe, on the Bar-
goozina, 348 ra. N. E. Irkutsk.
Barguzin, r. Siberia, runs into lake Baikal,
nearBarguziosk.

BAR

87

Barguzinsk v. and fort, Siberia, on Lake Bai
kal, 104 ra. N. E. Irkutsk, ton. 110° 14' E. Lat.
53° 30' N.
Barkam, t. Eng, Kent co. On Barham Dovriis
the Canterbury races are held. 6 m. fr. Canter
bury. Bari, province of Naples, on the gulf of Venice.
Pop. 290,000. Bari, its chief town, is a place of
considerable trade; on the gulf; 18 m. E. S.E.
Trani, and 120 E. N. E. Naples, and contains
18,000 inhabitants. Lat. 41° 15' N.
Barjac, t France, in Gard, 18 m, N. E. Alais.
Barima, Point, on the S. side of the entrance
into the Orinoco, N. Lat, 8° 45'.
Barinas. See Varinas.
Barjols, or Barjoux, t. France, in Var, 27 m.
N. Toulon.
Bariquisimeto, See Barquisimeto.
Barkadares, part of the Logwood country, E.
side of Yucatan, on tiie river Balize. It has
Hicks Keys on the S, and South Lagoon on Uie N.
Lat 17° 45' N. Lon. 89° W.
Barkhamsted, p-t Litchfield co. Ct. 20 m. N. E.
Litchfield ; Pop. 1,506.
Barking, t Eng. Essex co. 7 ra. E. London.
Pop. 2,421. Its inhabitants are fishermen, who
supply Biltingsgate with fish.
BarkislanU, t. Eng. in Yorksliire, 1 m. fr. Hali
fax, Pop. 2.096.
Barkway, t. Eng, in Hertfordshire, 344 m, fr.
London. Barlaimont, oounty of France, on the Sam-
bre, in North, 12 m. S. E, Le Quesnoy.
Barlanga, t. Spain, on the Douro, in Old. Cas
tile, 15 m, S, E, Osma.
Barlat, t. Moldavia, on Barlat river, 60 m. N.
W. Galate. Lon, 27° 37' E. Lat 46° 12' N.
Bark, r. Eng, flows into the Exe, 6 m, below
Dulverton. Barknga, is^ offthe coast of Portugal. Lon. 9°
24' W. Lat, 39° 20' N,
Barletta, s-p. Naples, on the gulf of Venice,
Pop. 15,925. 25 ra. W. Bari, 100 E. N, E, Naples.
Barlow, t. Washington co. Ohio, 9 m. W. Mari
etta. Barlow's Cove, on the N. coast of Admiralty isl.
Lon. 225° 14' E. Lat 58° 22' N.
Barmouth, s-p. Wales, Merioneth co. at the
mouth of the Maw, 8 m. S. W, Dolgelly ; much re
sorted to for sea-bathing.
Barmstadt, or New Ranzaw, co. Denmark, in
Holstein. It consists of, the castle of Ranzaw, the
market town of Barmstadt, and several -villages.
The town is 17 m. N. N. W. Hamburgh.
Barnagore, t. Bengal, on the bank of the Hoog
ly 3 fflT above Calcutta.
Barnard, p-t. Windsor co. Vt. 21 m. N. W.
Windsor ; Pop. 1,648.
Barnard, p-t. Meigs co. Ohio.
Barnard's Castle, t. Eng. Durham co. on the
Tees. Pop. 2,986. 216 m.N. London.
Barnaul, t. Siberia, on a river which falls into
the Obe, 100 ra. S, E, Kolhyvane, It consists of
1 ,000 hpuses, and is the seatof chancery of the mines
in the Altaian mountains. One of the mines is
very productive in gold and silver. Here are a
foundery of bells and manufactories for glass and
-tiles, which employ 4,000 Peasants,
Baraftj/-Mj9on-£)M>i, t Eng, Yorkshire, 5 m, E.
Doncaster, Bamegat, v. Dutchess co, N. Y, on the Hudson,
5 m, S. Poughkeepsie, Lime is maufactured in

88

BAR

this place in large quantities and sent to New-
York, Bamegat-bay, or Inkt, on the E, coast of N, J,
fn Monmouth co. 68 m, N, E, Cape May, The
Beach extends from the inlet S, W. 16 miles to lit
tie Egg-harbor, Lat, 39° 47' 30" N, Lon, 74° 13'
W, Bamesley, t Eng. Yorkshire, It has manufac
tures of iron, wire, nails, hardware, bottles, linen,
and cotton. Pop, 6,014, 12 m. fr. Rotherham.
Bamestown, p-t, Montgomery co. Md, 36 m, fr,
Washington, Barnesville, p-t, Belmont co, Ohio; 11 m, S, W,
St Clairsville,
Barnet, or Chipping Barnet, t. Eng, Hertford
shire, 11 m, N, London,
Barnet, p-t Caledonia co. Vt on Connecticut
river, 15 m. N, Newbury ; Pop. 1,301,
Barnet' s-tavem, p-v, Fauquier co, Va, 59 m.
W, Washington.
Bameveldt, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Guelder
land. Pop. 4,770. 10 ra, E, S, E. Amersford,
Barnevelt's Islands, on the S. shore of Terra del
Fuego. Lon. 66° 58' W. Lat 55° 40' S,
Bameyville, t. France, in La Manche, Pop,
840, 15 ra, S, S, W, Cherbourg,
Bamim, circle in the Middle mark of Branden
burg, divided into Upper and Lower : Pop, of the
Upper, 40,000; of the Lower, including the city
Berlin, 175,500,
Barnoldswick, t. Eng. Yorkshire. 12 m. fr. SetUe,
Bamsiabk, co. Mass. in the S, E, part of the
state. It comprises the whole of the peninsula of
Cape Cod, and is separated from Plymouth co, by
a narrow isthmus extending from Barnstable bay
to Buzzard's bay. Pop, 22,21 1 , The soU is prin
cipally sandy and barren, and the inhabitants de
pend on the sea for subsistence,
Barnstable, s-p. and cap, Barnstable co, Mass.
on Barnstable bay, 68 m. S. S, E, Boston, Pop,
3,646, The harbor has a bar which prevents the
entrance of large vessels. The inhabitants are
largely concerned in navigation and the fisheries.
The amount of shipping in 1815 was 15,964 tons,
Barnstaple, s-p, and bor, Eng, Devonshire, on
the Taw, It has a manufacture of baize and
woollens for Plymouth market. Pop, 4,019, 36
m, N, N, W. Exeter.
Bamstead, t RicheUeu co. Lower Canada, S.
E, Montreal on the Province line. Pop, 600,
Bamstead, p-t. Strafford co. N.H, 26 m, N, E,
Concord. Pop, 1,47'(',
Bam-tavem, p-v, Southampton co. Va,
Baroche sous Luce, la, t. France, in Orne, 29 m,
W. Alencon,
Baronstown, t, Ireland, Louth co, 6 m. W, N,
W, DundaUc,
Barquisimeto, city S, America, in Venezuela,
120 m, W, S. W. Caraccas, It is on an elevated
plain and cooled by the almost const;int N, E,
wind. The houses are well built, and the streets
are wide. Pop, 11,300, Its trade is in cattie,
sugar, wheat, cocoa, coffee,
Barr, r, Ireland, runs into the Foyle, near Lif-
ford, Barr, Great, t. Eng, Staffordshire, 2 m, fr,
WalsaU, Barra, v. Italy, in Naples, near the city of Na
ples, Pop, 5,250,
Barra, isl. in the North sea, 27 ra, fr. Cape
Wrath, Lon, 5° 40' W, Lat, 58° 58' N,
Barra, kingdora, West-Africa, at the mouth of
the Gambia. 18 leagues long and 14 broad.

BAR
Barra tnding, the capital of Barra, near point
Barra, on N, side of the Gambia,
Barruconda, t W. Afrida, on the Gambia, at the
falls, 400 ra, above its raouth. The tide flows up
to this place, Lon, 13° W, Lat 13° 36' N.
Barrada, or Barradys. See Abana.
Barragan, r, Buenos Ayres, runs into the Plata.
Barragon, Bay, in the river Plata, 12 n*, below
Buenos Ayres. Ships discharge thefr cargoes in
lighters in the roadstead of Buenos Ayres, and
wait here for their outward cargoes.
, Barrai Sciahiat, or desert of Natron, in Egypt,
W, of the Delta, and S. of lake Mareotis. It con
tains two lakes, Nedebe and Lebe, from which
Natron is obtained.
jBan-ffijnoM/, district, S. part of India, between 120
and 14° N. Lat.
Barranca, s-p, Peru, Lat 10° 55' S.
Barranca, v. New-Grenada, on the Madalena,
the port through which ail goods are brought to
and carried from Granada; 18 m, fr. the sea.
Also the name of several inconsiderahle settle
ments. Barrataria, bay, Louisiana, in the gulf of Mexi
co, west of the BaUze, Lon. 90° W. In the month
of this bay there is an island remarkable for its
health, and its strength as a miUtary position.
Both ends of the island were fortified in 18II, by
the pirates under M. la Fitte. The bay affords a
safe and capacious harbor for Ught ships of war
and merchant vessels. In time, this may become a
place of importance, as by a late survey of the
country in its rear, it is found that there is a dis
trict of half a miUion of acres of- the first rate su
gar lauds.
Barraux, or Fort Barrea'ux, . France, on the
Isere, 18 ra. N. E. Grenoble. Pop. 1,320.
Barray, isl. one of the Hebrides of Scotiand'
Pop. 1,969.
Barre, t. France, in Lozere, 7 m. S. Florae.
Barre, p-t. Washington co. Vt 7 m. S. E, Mont
peUer; Top, 1,669.
Barre, p-t. Worcester co. Mass, 24 m. N. W.
Worcester ; Pop. 1 , 97 1 . It has good pastures, and
contributes a large quantity of bee^ butter aud
cheese for the raarket
Barre, t Genesee co. N. Y. 1 2 m. N. Batavia.
Barre, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop. 1,053.
Barre, Point, on the W. coast of an island
between King George's island and Prince of
Wales's archipelago. Lon,. 226° 32' E. Lat 56°
26'N. Barreiras, r. Bi-azil, runs into the Atlantic, Lat.
19° 46' S.
Barreme, t. France, in Lower Alps, 1 1 m. S.
Digne. Barren Island, in tile bay of Bengal, 18 miles in
circumference, containing a volcano 1,800 feet
above tiie'level of the sea, wliich discharges col
umns of smoke and showers of red hot stones,
someof them 3 or 4 tons weight Lat. 12° 15' N,
Barren Island, in Bass straits, between Great
Island ou the N. and Clarke's island on the S,
Lon, 148° 10' E. Lat 40° 23' S.
Barren Isles, about 3 leagues fr. Cape Eliza
beth, the N, E. point of Cook's inlet Lon. 200°
33' E, Lat 58° 56' N,
Ban-en, co. Ken, on the S, side of Green river.
Pop, 11,286, Slaves, 1,724, Chief t Glasgow,
Barren, r. Ken, runs N, W, into Green river,
between Logan and Warren counties. The mouth
of Little Barren river is 50 miles above.

BAR
Barteras, Cope, on the coast of Patagonia. Lat.
50° S.
Barriga Negra, r. S. America, in Buenos Ayres,
rises 160 miles N. E, Monte Video, falls into lake
Meri, Barringlon, t. Queen's co. Nova Scotia, on the
S. side of the bay of Fundy.
Barringlon, p-t Strafford co, N, H, 20 m, N. W.
Portsmouth, Pop. 3,564. Alum is found here, A
bi-anch of Agamenticus mt. passes through this
to^vn. Barringlon, p-t Bristol co. R. I, on Warren riv
er, 7 m. S, E, Providence ; Pop, 604,
Bc{rrington, Cape, the S, E, point of Santa
Cruz, or Egmont island, Lon, 164° 32' E, Lat,
10° 58' S.
Barringlon, Great, p-t, and the second in rank
in Berkshire co. Mass, S, of Stockbridgfe, ad
joining ; 140 m, W, Boston. Pop, 1,784.
Barro, Cape, on the N. E, coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 103° 35' E. Lat 0° 6' N.
Barro, Punta de Arena, on the N. W, coast of
America, in lat, 38° 66' N. Lon. 236° 44' E.
Barroloos, nation, in the interior of S, Africa, N.
ofLatakoo. Barrow, t and parish Eng. Leicestershire, on
the Soar, 2 ra, fr. Mountsorrel.
Barrow, r. Ireland, rises in Queen's coun
ty, and is joined by the Nore and the, Suir, and
falls into the sea at Waterford bay,
Barrow, Point, a. cape on the S. coast of Ire
land, 6 ra. E, Kinsale, Lon. 8° 21' W. Lat, 51°
43' N,
Barrowford, t Eng, Lancashire, 4 m, fr, Cli-
theroe, BarrysviXk, p-v, Mecklenburg co, N, C.
Barsac, t. France, on the Garonne, 18 m, S. E.
Bourdeaux. Barsch, or Bars, county of Hungary, Pop,
86,(K)0, It contains the two mining towns, Krem-
nitz and Koenigsberg, 12 market towns, and 188
viUages. Barsdorf, v. Silesia, 2 m, S. E. Liegnitz.
Barsoe, isl. Denmark, in the Littie Belt, Lon.
9° 36' E. Lat 56° 7' N.
Barston, hamlet, Eng. Warwickshire, 7 m. fr.
Kenilworth. Bar-sur-Aube, t. France, on the Aube. 30 m.
E. by S, Troyes. Pop. 3,600.
Bar-sur-Ornain, iormerly Bar-le-Duc, t. France
on the Ornain, in Maese. 42m, W, of Nancy, 133
E, Paris. Pop, 10,000,
Bar-sur-Seine, t. France, in Aube, Pop. 2,270,
18 m, S,E, Troyes,
Bart, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,099.
Bartenstein, t. East Prussia, in Natangen, on
the river AUe, 28 m. S, Konigsberg, Pop. 3,460.
Bartfildt, t. Hungary, Sarosch co. Pop. 3,800.
Near the town are two chalybeate springs, and
two baths.
Barth, or Bardt, s-p. of the Prussian states, in
Hither Pomerania, principality of Barth, Pop.
3,240, It exports corn and wool to Sweden ; it
has also several dock-yards, 12 m. N. W. Stral
sund. Bartha de Nestes, La, t. France, in Upper Py
renees, 18 m. S, E. Tarbes,
Barthokmy, r. Louisiana, faUs into the Wachi
ta from the N. E. On its banks are good lands,
which are cultivated by settiers, considerably nu
merous, Barlhert. See Barten.

B A S 8,9
Bartholomew, Cape, the S. point of Staten-Laud,
in Le Maire straits, E, of Terra del Fuego,
Bartlett, p-t Coos co. N, H. 60 m. N. N. E.
Concord. Pop. 436.
Barton, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 7 m. fr. Richmond.
Barton, t. Lincoln co. Up, Canada, on Burling
ton bay, at the west extremity of lake Ontario,
Barton, p-t Orlaians co, Vt, 39 N. N. E. Mont
peUer. Pop, 447.
Barton, r. Vt. runs N, N, E, into lake Mem-
phramagog. Barton on Humber, t, Eng, Lincolnshire, op
posite Hull, Pop, 2,204,
Barton on Irwell, t. Eng, Lancashire, 7 m, from
Manchester, Pop, 6,948,
Barton under Needwood, t, Eng, Staffordshire,
44 m. fr. Burton,
Barton,'s Creek, Tennessee, runs into the Cum
berland, 10 ra, above Clarksville.
Bartrach, isl. Ireland, in the bay of Killala, at
the mouth of Moy river,
Bartran, port, on tiie S. coast of Ne-wfoundr
land, Bartsch, r. Silesia, faUs into the Oder, 7 m.
above Great Glogau.
Baru, isl, off the coast of Carthagena.
Barus. See Baros.
Barulh, t, of the Prussian states, duchy of Sax.-
ony, 22 m. S. S. E. Potsdam.
Bas, or Bats, isl. France, in the English chan
nel. Lon. 4° 1' 5" W. Lat. 48° 45' 40''^N,
Basarschick, or Bazardgik, t. Eu, Turkey, 15
m. N. W, PhilippopoU,
Baschi, v, Italy, in the states of the Church, ou
the Tiber, 9 ra. 3. W. Todi,
Basel. See Bale.
Bas-en-Basset, t. France, in Upper-Loire, 3 m.
N, W, Monistrol, Pop, 5, 100.
Basford, t. Eng, 3 m, N, Nottingham.
Bashan, in Sac. Geog. country, E. of the Jor
dan and lake Tiberias. Besides viUages, it con
tained 60 fenced cities. It was famous for its cas
tle. It is now called El-Bottin.
Bashee Islands, 5 in number, in the Chinese
sea, viz. Orange, Monmouth, Grafton, Coats, and
Bashee. Lon. 1 22° E. , Lat. 20° 28' to 20° 55' N.
, Bashilo, r. Abyssinia, separates Begamder from
Amhara, and falls into the Bahr-el- Azergue, 30
m, S, E. Alata.
Bashmut, district, Egypt, on the N. E. of the
Delta. Bttsiento, r. Naples, falls into the g^lf of Ta-
rento. Basilan, one of the Philippine islands, off the
S, W. extremity of Magipdanao, 60 miles in cir
cumference., Lon. 121° E, Lat 5° 50' N.
BasiUcata, or Matera, province in Naples, on
the Tuscan sea and gulf of Tarento, and inter
sected by the Appennines.
Basilipotamo, r. Cyprus, runs into the sea, IS
ra. E, Limasol,
Basilipotamos, the ancient Eurotas, r. Eu. Tur
key, in the S. of the Morea, runs near the site of
ancient Sparta, and falls into the gulf of Kolo-
kytia. Basing, Old, in Hants, 24 m. fr, Basingstoke.
Basingstoke, market t. and parish, Eng. in
Hants. It has four charity and free schools. Pop.
2,656. 47 m. W. London.
Basin Harbor, p-v, Addison co. Vt, in the town
ship of Ferrisburgh, on lake Champlain,
Basin Minas, a large body of water^ at the E.

1.2

90

B A ,S

end of the Bay of Fundy. The lands around it
are good, watered by many rivers, T-ides rise
here 40 feet.
Baskenridge, p-t, Somerset co. N. J. 7 m. S. S.
W. Morristown. Gen. Lee was talcen prisoner
here, Dec. 13, 1776.
Basman, isl. in the Persian gulf. Lat. 25°
24' N.
Basques, Les, or French Biscay, district, on the
bay of Biscay. It has the river Adour and the
Landes on the N. Beam on the E, and the Pyre
nees op the S, and is now included in Lower-Py
renees, Basques Mer de. See Bayonne, Bay of.
Basquevilk, t. France, in Lower Seine, 10 m,
S. W, Dieppe.
Basrode, t Netherlands, on the Scheldt, near
Dendermonde. Bass, a rocky islet of Scotland, in the frith of
Forth, Bass, r. East Greenland, runs into the sea. Lon.
-50° 10' W. Lat. 64° 30' N.
Bctss Straits, separate New Holland from Van
Diemen's Land, and are 50 leagues in length, and
the same in breadth. Groups of islands Ue in the
."itraits, rendering the navigation dangerous. Lon.
147° E, Lat 40° S,
Bassa, t. Thibet, on the Ganges, 46 m, N, W,
Sirinagur. Bassa, s-p, W, Africa, on the Ivory coast Lon.
7°5' W. Lat 4° 40' N,
Bassac, t. France, in Charente, 15 ra. E, S, E.
Saintes ; another, 24 m. N. N. E. Saintes.
Bassac, mountains of Persia, between Lar and
Congo, Bassan, t, France, in Herault, 5 m, N. E, Be-
ziers, Bassano, t. Venetian territory, oh the Brenta,
Pop, 11,500, A stone bridge, 182 feet in length,
connects the town with Vicantino, The trade is
in silk, cloth, and leather. Here is the extensive
V printing-office of Remontini, 12 m. N. Vicenza.
Bassano, t. States of the Church, 3 ra, W, Orta,
Bassas, or Baxas, Cape, on the E. coast of Af
rica, Lon. 48° 10' E, Lat 4° 65' N, ; another,
on the W, coast, near the raouth of the Rio
Sestre. Basse, Point, oh N. coast of Martinico.
Basse, Terre, chief t of St. Christopher's, W.
Indies, at the S, E. end of the island, Lon, 62° 36'
W, Lat 17°24'N,
Basse Terre, Fort, on the W. coast of Guada
loupe. ,
Bassee, La, t. France, in North, 5 m, N. W.
Douay. Pop, 2,200,
Basseen, s-p. on the W, coast of Hindostan, on
an island, which is separated by a narrow strait
from the island of Salsette, 27 m, N. Bombay;
Basselan. See Basilan.
Basses, or Thoiisand Islands, off the N, W,
coast of New Guinea, Lon, 139° 27' E, Lat 1°
40' S,
Bassignana, t. Upper Italy, in Uie Sardinian
part of Mil-an, near the influx of the Tanaro into
the Po, 5 m, N. Alessandria, Pop. 3,000.
Bassigny, district, France, included in Upper
Marne, Vosges and Maese,
Basslow, t. 'Eng. in Derbyshire, 3 m, fr. Bake
weU, Bassora, Bussora, or Basrah, a city of Asia, in
the gov. of Bagdad, on the W, bank of the Shat-
ul-Arab, which is navigable hither by vessels of

BAT
."iOO tona burthen. It is surrounded by Walls and
fortified. The houses, in general, are mean, being
constructed of clay, with a small proportion of
brick. Bassora is inhabited by Arabs, Turks,
Persians, Armenians, and some Europeans, who
reside in the factories belonging to their respect
ive countries. The Arabs form the most nume
rous class, and after them the Turks and Armeni
ans. Bassora is the grand emporium for aU the
Indian produce which is sent into the Turkish em
pire. From the various ports of Hindostan, it
receives silk, muslin, linen, white and blue cloth,
gold and silver stuffs, various metals, sandal wood,
and indigo; pearls from Bahhrein, and coffee
from Mocha ; shawls, fruit, and the precious met
als, from Persia ; spices frora Java, and European
commodities from different ports. The greater
proportion of the commerce is carried on in Ara
bian bottoms, the finest vessels navigating the In
dian seas now belonging to the merchants of Mas-
kat The trade -with Uie interior is conduct
ed by means of caravans to Aleppo and Bagdad,
whence the goods are conveyed to Constantinople.
The situation of the place is unhealthy, occasion
ed by the inundations of the river. 'The neigh
bouring country is greatiy harassed by tribes of
predatory Arabs. It is 210 m. S. Ispahan, 1,815
S. E. Constantinople. Lon. 44° 46' E; Lat 30°
32' N. Pop. between 50 and 60,000.
Bassoues, t. France, in Gers, 8 m. N. W. Mi-
rande. Bastah. See Bishbesh.
Bastala, isl. off the N. E. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 103° 23' S. Lat 0° 30' N.
Bastan, t A. Turkey, in NatoUa, supposed to
be the ancient Bithyni-um, 30 m. S. W. Amarsh.
Bastard, t. Leeds co. Up, Canada.
Bastia, t. Corsica, in the N. E. part of the isl
and. It is defended by a sttong citadel, and has a
safe and spacious harbor. Fop. 11,500. 58jn. N.
E. Ajaecio.
Bastia, s-p. Turkey, on the coast of Albania.
opposite Corfu. Lon. 20° 12' E. Lat 39° 42' N.
Bastia, t Italy, 7 m. N. Modena; another, in
the States of the Church, duchy of Spoleto,
Bastide, La, t France, in Lot, 10 m. S, E.
Gourdon. Bastide de Clerence, La, t. France, in Lower-
Pyrenees, 6 m. E. S. E. Bayonne, Pop, 2,000,
Bastide des Feuillans, La, v. France, iu Upper-
Garonne, 18 m. S. W, Toulouse.
Bastide Neuve, La, t France, in Upper Alps,
13 m, W. Embrun.
Bastiglia, t Italy, on the Pauaro, below Mo
dena. Baslilica, t Corsica, 15 m, E, S. E, Ajaecio.
Bastimentos, islands near the isthmus of Darien,
at the mouth of the bay Nombre de Dios, Lon,
79°40'W, Lat 9° 32' N.
Bastogne, or Bastenac, t Netherlands, in the
grand duchy of Luxembuig, 22 m, N, W, Lux
emburg, Batacarang, Point, a cape on the N, E, coast
of Sumatra, Lon. 104° 56' E, Lat 1° 59' S.
Batacola, or Battiraloe, an island 34 miles in
circuit, in an arm of the sea, which penetrates
the east coast of Ceylon, Here is a fort, and a
small vill'dge of Hindoos and Mahometans. The
Wesleyan MeUiodists have a Missionary here. A
bar at the moutli of the estuary obstructs the ac
cess of vessels exceeding 70 ton^ burthen. Lon.
81° 53' E. Lat 7° 45' N.

BAT
Balacole. See Batcale.
Batalha, t. Portuguese Estremadura, 6 m, S. S,
W, Leiria.
Batalin, isl. off the E. coast of Celebes. Lon.
123° 54: E. Lat 1° 2T S.
Batang, isl, off the S. E, coast of Malacca,
Batavia, city, near the mouth of a small river,
on the N, coast of the island oC Java, the capital
of aU the Dutch, or, as they ate now termed, the
Netherland Indies, It was formerly styled, the
Queen of the East, but now retains very littie of
its ancient splendor. From its westerly situation,
and BEisy access, it is the best and most convenient
port in the island. In point of security, however,
and conveniency for the landing and shipping of
goods, itbe-ars no comparison to the fine harbor of
Surabia. There is a broad flat mud bar at the
mouth of the river, which is a source of great
commercial expence and inconvenience, Bata
via is weU known in Europe by its fatal climate.
The disease, which chiefly proves mortal, is a fe
ver generated in the putrid mud banks and stag
nant canals which are within two miles of the
shore, and is strictiy confined to that limit, A
stranger who sleeps for six or eight days succes
sively in the town, may certainly reckon on catch
ing the fever, and it is more than an equal chance
that he falls a victim to this terrible malady. The
rest of the island is even eminent among tropical
countries for its salubrity. The population was
formerly 160,000, but is now reduced to 47,217, of
which 2,028 are Europeans and their descendants,
and the rest, Chinese, Javanese, Malays, other
orientals, and slaves, Batavia surrendered to
the British in 1811, and was restored iu 1816. The
English Baptists have employed a Missionary in
this city since 1813. Lou. 106° 51' E. Lat 6°
10' S.
Batavia, p-t and cap. Genesee co, N, Y. 40 m,
E. Buffalo, 48 W. Canandaigua. Pop, 3,645. The
viUage is a busy, thriving place, with two houses
for reUgious worship, Ifor Presbyterians, and 1 for
EpiscopaUans ; a court-house, a state-arsenal, and
about 60 dweUing-houses,
Batavia, p-t. Clermont co. Ohio, 7 m, W. Wil
liamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 200,
Batcale, or Batacole, s-p, Plind, on the coast of
Malabar, 20 m, N, Barcelore.
Batchian. See Bachian
Bate,or Bhatlalsle, Hind, at the S. W. extrem
ity of the gulf of Cutch. Lon, 69° 21' E. Lat
22° 22' N.
Batcah, t. Mexico, in Yucatan, 190 m. S. S. W.
Merida. Bath, city, England, in Somerset, bounded N.
W. and S. by hills of considerable elevation, and
intersected by the river Avou. This city is.cele-
brated for its medicinal waters, and for its various
sources of amusement, and is equally the resort of
valetudinarians and the votaries of pleasure.
There are places of worship for the members of
the Established Church, Methodists, Independ
ents, Baptists, Moravians, Roman Catholics, Uni
tarians, and Quakers, The cathedral is the last
and purest specimen of ecclesiastical Gothic ar
chitecture in England. The benevolent institu
tions of Bath are very nuraerous : of these, the
chief is the general hospital, opened in 1742, for
the reception of the sick poor from every part of
the kingdom. The hot springs to which Bath
principally owes her celebrity, were resopted to
in the time of the Romans, and raany splendid
fragments of Roman architecture are stiU pre-

BAT

91

served. There are 4 public baths. King's and
Queen's bath, the Cross bath, and the Hot bath.
The temperature of the difl'erent springs varies
from 93° to 117° of Fahrenheit The disorders
particularly benefitted by the Bath waters are
obstructions of the viscera, palsies, gout, rheuma
tism, jaundice, &c. The streets and houses of
raodern Bath are of very superior construction.
The Queen's Square, Circus, Crescents, and Pa
rades, are particularly admired, and, being built
with a fine freestone, Bath is one of the most ele
gant cities of Europe. It is in lat 51° 42' 32" N.
and in lon. 2° 21' 30" W. 107 m. fr. London, 67
fr. Oxford, 41 fr, Gloucester, 39 fr. Salisbury, and
12 fr. Bristol, -Pop. 38,434.
Bath, t. Hungary, county of Grosshout, 6 m.
N. E, Levens,
Bath, p-t and port of entry, Lincoln co, Maine,
on the W. side of the Kennebec, 16 miles from the
sea, at the head of winter navigation, 14 ra. S. W.
Wiscasset, 34 N. E. Portland, 163 N. E. Boston.
Lon, 69° 49' W. Lat 43° 65' N. Pop. in 1810,
2,491. Itis a flourishing town, and contains g
banks, an academy, and 3 houses for pubUc wor
ship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists.
The amount of shipping in 1815, was 20,628 tons.
Bath, p-t Grafton co. N. H. on Connecticut
river, 67 ra, N. N. W. Concord, 35 IS. E. by N.
Dartmouth College. Pop. 545.
Bath, p-t and cap, Steuben co. N. Y. on Cohoc-
ton creek, a branch of the Tioga, 59 m. S, W,
Geneva, 18 N. W. Painted Post, 245 W. Albany,
Pop, 1,036.
Bath, V. on the E. bank of the Hudson, opposite
Albany, N, Y. It has mineral springs . of some
value. Bath, p-t Northumberland co. Pa.
Bath, CO, Va. on the Jackson, a source of James
river, in the Alleghany mountains, 50 m. W. S. W.
Staunton, 227 fr. Washington. It has 2 Hot-
Springs. The basin of one is 30 feet diameter,
and the water at the teraperature of 96°. The
other, 6 miles distant, is smaller, and of the tem
perature of 112°, and more efficacious. The
springs are resorted to chiefly in July and Au
gust, for the relief of rheumatisra, and other com
plaints. Pop. 4,837.
Bath,t. Berkley co. Va. 104 m, N, W. Wash-
ington,- Here are the Berkley Springs, which
Bath, p-t Beaufort co, N, C, 61 m. S, E, Eden-
ton, on the N, side.of Tar river, 24 ra, above Pam
lico Sound, Lat 35° 31' N,
Bath, t Green co. Ohio,
Bath, p-t, Franklin co, Indiana,
Bathgate^ t. Scotland, 18 m. W. Edinburgh.
Pop, 2,919.
Baihaum, r. Asia, anciently called Bathys, rises
in the raountains of Armenia, and falls into the
Black sea. Lon. 41° WI E. Lat 41° 36' N,
Bathousni, t at the mouth of the river Ba-
thoum, 26 m, S, Buti.
Bathurst, a British settiement in West Africa,
formed within a few years, on the island of St.
Mary's, at the mouth of the Gambia, between
13° and 14° N. lat. The object of the settle
ment is to introduce a regular trade into the
Gambia, in Ueu of the slave trade ; aud thus far it
has been remarkably prosperous. In 1819, the
settlement contained more than 1,000 souls, be
sides the garrison ; and the duties on wax, ivory,
gum, gold, and hides, exported to Great Britain,
during the saine year, amounted to more than

92

BAV

11,000/. sterling. In point of commercial impor
tance, Bathurst bids fair to becorae the first
British estabUshraeht in W. Africa,
Baticola. See Batacola.
Batiscan, r. Lower Canada, falls into the St.
Lawrence, about 15 railes N. E. Three-Rivers,
Batiscan, seigniory, St Maurice co. Lower
-Canada, on the St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Ba
tiscan river.
Batley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m, from Wake
field. Pop. 2,975.
Batneer, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 74° 46' E. Lat
'29° 28' N.
Batonn. See Bathoum.
Baton Rouge, p-t, and cap. East-Baton Rouge
parish, Louisiana, on the E. side of the Mississippi,
16 railes above the Ibberville, 140 above New-Or
leans. Pop. 300, Here commences the high
ground on the banks of the Mississippi, as you as
cend from its mouth. It is only 25 or 30 feet
above its highest floods.
Batsen, or Bacs, a county of Hungary, - boun
ded E. by the Theyss, and W. by the Danube,
Batsch, or Bacs, t, Hungary, capital of Batsea,
20 m, N. E, Funfkirchen, and 76 S, Buda, Lon,
19° 10' E, Lat 46° 18' N,
Batta, a country on the W, coast of Sumatra.
Batta Islands, 30 leagues N. of Luzon.
Battaglia, t, Itaty, 9 m. S. Padua.
BatttUah, t. Hind, in Lahore, 24 m. from Am
retsir. Lon, 76° 3' E. Lat. 31° 34' N.
Battam, isl. near the coast of Malacca, Lon.l04°
JE, Lat, 1° N.
BatiecoUah, t Hind, on the sea coast of North
Canara, Lon. 74° 37' E, Lat 13° 5&' N,
Bailee, or Bhatty, district, Hirtd, 150 mUes in
^ length and 100 in breadth, which comprehends
parts of the provinces of Delhi, Lahore, aud Aj
meer. The capital is Batneer.
Battel, t. Eng. in Sussex, ancientiy called Ep-
iton. 6 m. N. Hastings, 56 S. London.
Battelma, t, Syria, 5 m, S. W, Antioch,
Battersea, v, Eng. on the Thames, opposite-
Chelsea, 4 m, W. London,
Batticatoe. See Batacola.
Batticotta, t. Ceylon, in the northern part of
the island, 6 m. N. W. Jaffna. Lon. 80° 35' E.
Lat, 9° 45' N, It is one of the stations of the
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign
Missions. See Ceylon.
Battletown, p-v. Frederick co, Va, 58 m. W, N,
W. Washington.
Baturin, t. Russia, in the Ukraine, on the river
Sem, 80 m, E, S. E, Czernigov,
Batygory, t. Russia, in Kiev,
Bavaria, the Circle of, formed one of the great
divisions of Germany, according to the former
constitution of the empire, and was bounded E, by
Austria, W, ,by Suabia, N, by Franconia and Bo
hemia, and S. by Tyrol. It comprised 16,588
square miles, with 1,300,000 inhabitants.
Bavaria, kingdom of, one of the most considera
ble of the secondary states of Europe, It is boun
ded E, and S, by the Austrian dominions ; W, by
Wirtemberg and Baden, and N, by several small
German States, It is divided into Uie 8 following
circles :
Circles. Chief towns.
The Iser. Munich,
The Lower Danube, Passau,
The Regen. Ratisbon,
The Upper Danube, Augsburg.
The Rezat Anspach.

B A U
'The Upper Main. Bayreuth,
The Lower Main. Wurtzburg,
The Rhine. Speyer.
Bavaria contains at present 32,000 square mils^
and 3,560,0CK3 inhabitants. It has risen gradually
to its present rank among the nations of Europe.
In 1801 it contained only 22,000 square nules, and
2,302,000 inhabitants ; but during the prosperity
of Bonaparte, Bavaria generally sided with France
in her wars with other European powers ; and was
paid for her attachment, by extensive territorial
aggrandisements, made chiefly at the expense Of
Austria. In 1813, after the defeats of Bonaparte,
the king changed his Une of policy, and concluded
a secret treaty with the allied powers, in which he
engaged to fumish a certain number of troops in
support of the common cause, and received in re
turn a pledge that the integrity of his territories
should be respected. The form of government in
Bavaria is an unlimited monarchy. The succes
sion to the crown is hereditary in the male line,
but when it is extinct in all its branches, the su
preme power may be vested in a female. The
revenue is estimated at about 2,600,000/. Bava
ria has long been burdened with a pubb'c debt,
which was not a little increased by the assump
tion of the debts other newly acquired dominions.
The army, amounts to between 40,000 and
60,000 men. The prevafling religion in Bavaria
is the Roman Catholic, but Protestants enjoy the
unresfrained exercise of their worship, and are
eligible to civil and miUtary offices. The number
of monastic institutions in this part of Germany
was formerly very great, but they have almost all
been suppressed by the present government Ed
ucation has of late years been widely diffused
through the Bavarian states. In the new consti
tution of Germany, as framed by the 53d and fol
lowing acts of the congress of Vienna, this state
has one vote in the federative diet, and four in
the general assembly.
Bavaria, Lake of, between Lower Bavaria and
the circle of Prachin, in Bohemia.
Bavy, t. France, in North, 8 m. N. E. Ques
noy. Baud, t. France, in Morbihan. Pop. 6,200. IS
m. N. W. Vannes.
Baverd. See Abiverd.
Bauerwitz, t Prussian states, in SUesia, 10 m.
N, W, Ratisbon,
Bauge la Ville, t France, in Main-and-Loire,
10 m. S, La Fleche.
Bauge le Cliatel, t France, in Ain, 4 m. E. Ma^
con. Baughnan, t VVajme co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W.
Wooster. Pop. in 1819, 460.
Baugnan, t. Bengal, on the Dummooda river,
Lon, 88° E, Lat. 22° 30' N,
Bauman's Islands, in the S, Pacific, Lon, 1739
W. Lat 12° S,
Baume les Nones, t. France, on the Doubs, 16
ra. N. E, Besancon,
Baumgarten, Upper and Lower, v, Prussian
states, in Silesia, circle of Balkerhaun,
Banmholder, t Prussian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, 26 ra, N, Deux-Ponts.
Buunach, t. Bavaria, at the influx of Baunach
river into the Maine, 7 m. N. Baraberg.
Bauske, t Russia, in Courland, 18 m. S. Mittaij.
Lon, 23° 30' E, Lat. 56° 26'N.
Bausset, t, France, in Var. 18 ra. E. S. E, Mai-"
seilles.

BAY

B E A

&3

Bautsch, or Budissoic, t. Moravia, 20 m. N, E.
Olmutz, Bautzen, or Budessin, t, in the kingdom of Sax-.
ony, capital of Upper Lusatia, on the Spree, It
has a strong castie called Ortenburg, Near thi^
place was fought, in June, 1813, a bloody battie
between the French and the allies, in which the
latter were worsted. 30 m, E. N, E. Dresden,
76 E. Leipzig. Lon. 14° 27' E. Lat 61° 10' N,
Pep, 11,350.
Beaux, Les, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
15 m. E, N, E. Aries, Pop. 3,300.
Bawder, r. Eng. runs into the Tees.
Bawdsay, t. Eng. in Suffolk, at the mouth of tiie
Deben, 5 m. N. E. Harwich.
Bawtry, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m. S. Doncas
ter. BOxada, t. Buenos Ayres, on the Parana, oppo
site Santa Fe.
Baxas, Cape, on the S. coast of Africa. Lon.
23° 0' E. Lat 34° S,
Bay of Islands, in the straits of Magellan ; an
other on the W. coast of king George Ill's aichi-
pelago, Lon, 224° 29' E, Lat, 57° 21' N. ; anotii-
er on the W. coast of Newfoundland, 10 m, S.
Cape Gregory; another on the E, coast of New
Zealand. Lon, 136° 38' W, Lat, 36° 18' S.
^ay Point, cape on the N, W. coast of New
Zealand, Bayamo, t. on the S. coast of Cuba, 520 m. E, S,
E, Havannah, Lon, 76° 55' W. Lat 20° 46' N.
Bayazid, or Bajazid, a fortified city of Turkish
Armenia, 50 m. S. S. W. Erivan, 140 E, Er-
zemm. Lon. 43° 46' E. Lat 39° H' N. Pop,
30,000. Bayerescheri. See Bavaria, Lake of.
Bayersdorf, t. Bavaria in the circle of the Re
zat, 12 m. N. Nuremberg.
Bayeux, t France, on the Aure, in Calvados.
It is the see of a bishop. 4 ra, frora the English
channel, 15 W. Caen, 80 W, Rouen, 145 W.
N. W, Paris, Lou, 0° 41' 66" W. Lat. 49° 16' 34"
N. Pop. 10,600.
Bayham, t. Middlesex co. Up, Canada, on Lake
Erie, Baykul, t Hind, 25 m. S. Mangalore.
Bayla, or Bela, t. Persia, in Mekran, containing
above 2000 houses. 293 m. N, Kelat Lon. 66°
40° E. Lat. 26° 10' N,
Bayladores, t. New Grenada, 35 ra. S. S, W, Me
rida, Baylan. See Bailan.
Baylesbury, p-v. Southarapton co, Va, about
70 ra. S, Richmond,
Bayon, t. France, on the Moselle, 16 m, S. Nan-
Bayonna, t Spain, in GaUcia, on a bay of the
Atiantic, 9 m, S. W, Vigo,
Bayorma Isles, 2 islands in France, 6 ra, N, N,
W, Bayonne, caUed by the ancients, the Isles of
tlie Gods.
Bayonne, s-p, France, in Lower Pyrenees, at
the conflux of the Nive and Adour, 2 railes from
the bay of Biscay, The Nive and- Adour, the
former of which is navigable for 18 miles, and the
latter for SO, form a commodious harbour, and
serve to ponvey timber, tar, and iron, from the
Pyrenean mountains to Bayonne. A citadel, con
structed by Vauban, on the top of an eminence in
the suburb, commands both the harbour and the
town. French and foreign goods go from Bay
onne into Spain, in exchange for wood, iron, fruit,
gold and silver. Masts and other wood Ifer ship

building, brought from the Pyrenees, are exported
to Brest and other ports in IVance, and wines and
chocolate in great quantities to the north of Eu
rope, The military weapon, caUed the bayonet,
takes its name from this city, where it was inven
ted in the 17Ui century. The language of the
common people here i? the ancient Biscayan. 44
m. W. N. W, Pau, 518 S. S. W. Paris. Lon.
1° 24' W. Lat. 43° 29' N. Pop. 12,600.
Bayonne, r. Lower Canada, falls into the St.
Lawrence frora the north, nearly opposite the
mouth of Richelieu river. »
Bayon pierre, r. Missisippi, runs into Missisip-
pi river, 40 m, above Natchez,
Baypour. See Beypoor.
Bayreuth, or Bareith, formerly a principality of
Germany, in Francoiiia, now included in the cir
cles of the Lower Maine and the Rezat, in the
kingdom of Bavaria,
Bayreuth, t Bavaria, cap, of the circle of the
Lower Maine, 164 ra, N. Ratisbon, and 48 N. N.
E. Augsburg, Lon, 11° 17' E, Lat. 49° 54' N,
Pop, 8,924,
Bayro, v.Brazil, 5ra, N, St Sebastian.
Bays, t France, in Mayenne, 6 m. N. Evron.
Pop, 2,100,
Bays, t. France, in Ardeche, 10 m, N, E. Vi
viers, Baza, or Bagah, t Spain, in Granada, 20 m,
N, E. Guadix. Pop. 7,000.
Bazas, t France, in Gironde, 30 m. S.E. Bour
deaux. Pop. 4,540.
Baser. See Bahar.
Bagetta, t. TrambuU co. Ohio. 5 m. N. W.
Warren. Baziege, t. France, in Upper-Garonne, 12 ra. S.
E. Toulouse.
Beaehgrove, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa,
Beachy Head, promontory, Eng, Lou. 0°
15' E, Lat, 50° 44' N,
Beaconsjield, t. Eng. Buckingham co, 23 m, W.
N. W. London.
Beak, r. Ireland, runs into the Shannon ; an
other, flows into the Medway.
Bealnabrach, r. Ireland, runs into Lough Cor-
rib. Bealsbury, t. Harden co. Ken. on the E, bank
of RolUngfork, 15 m. W, S. W. Bairdstown, 50 S.
W, Franldbrt
Bealth. See Builth.
Beaminster, t. Eng, Dorsetshire, 6 m, from Brid-
port Pop. 2,290.
Beane, r. Eng. runs ipto the Lea, between Hert
ford and Ware.
Beait' s creek, p-v. FrankUn co. Ten,
Bean's station, p-v. Granger co. Ten,
Bear Bay, on the S, coast of Newfoundland.
Bear creek. Ken. runs into Green river iu Ohio
gounty. Bear creek, Alabama, runs N. 45 miles and falls
into the Tennessee. The boundary-line between
Alabama and Mississippi strikes the Tennessee at
its mouth,
BearJkM, t Perry' co, Ohio, 10 m. S. W. Som
erset Bear-gap, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa. ;
Bear-grass, creek. Ken, runs into the Ohio at
Louisville, -Beor Haven. See Bantry Bay.
Bear Lake, Great, North America, near the
Bear Lake, White, in lat, 48° 15' N, the head
water of the Mississippi.

94

B E A

B E A

Bear, North, a small island, in St James' bay,
Lon, 81° 20' W, Lat, 54° 36' N,
Bear Sound, on the W, coast of West Green
land, Lon. 49° W, Lat 63° 20' N,
Bear, South, a small island in St James's bay,
Lon, 81° 20' W, Lat 54° 30' N.
Beard's creek, Geo. runs into the Alatamaha, in
Liberty county.
Beard's mill, p-v. Rowan co. N. C,
Beam, province, France, now included in Low
er Pyrenees,
Beattie' sford^ p-v, Lincoln co, N, C,
Beaucaire, t. France, in Gard,- on the right bank
of the Rhone, opposite Tarascon, with which it is
connected by a bridge of boats. It is chiefly re
markable for a great annual fair held in July,
which was formerly attended by merchants and
manufacturers from most countries in Europe,
from the Levapt, aud sometimes even from Per
sia and Armenia. The average sales do not at
presentexceed300,000/. sterling. The trade pecu
liar to the town consists in silk, wine, oil, almonds,
spices, drugs,leather, wool, cotton, &c. Pop, 8,000,
6 m, N, Aries, 12 E, Nismes, 12 S. W, Avig
non, Lon, 4° 43' E, Lat 43° 48' N,
Beauce, formerly a district of France, now in
cluded in the department of (the Eure and Loire.
Beauckrc, Port, in an island on theN. W. coast
of America, Lon, 226° 23' E, Lat. 56° 17' N.
Beaver, co. Pa. on the AUeghany river. Chief
t. Beaverton. Pop, 12,168,
Beaver, t. Crawford co. Pa, Pop, 236,
Beaver, t. Northumberland co. Pa, 50 m, N, W.
Harrisburg, Pop. 1,502.
Beavfr, t Pike co, Ohio, 5 m. S, E, Piketon,
Beaver, t Columbiana co, Oliio,
Beaver, t. Guernsey co, Ohio, 14 m, S. E, Cam
bridge, Beaverdam, p-v, Delaware co, N, Y,
Beaver creek, t Northumberland co. Pa.
Beaver creek, N. Y. runs 36 ra. S. E. and faUs
into Popacton river, a branch of the Delaware.
Beaver-dam, creek, Geo. runs S. E. and falls in
to Briar Creek, a mile below Jacksonboro'.
Beaver islands, Lake Michigan, 40 ra. S. W.
Mackinaw. Beaver'sdam, p-v. Qeen-Anne co. Md.
Beavertown, p-t. and cap. Beaver co. Pa. at the
junction of Bigbeaver river with the Ohio, 30 m.
below Pittsburg. Pop. 426. It contains a court
house and jail, a bank, an academy, and various
inanufactories. In its neighbourhood is an iron
mine. Beavertown, p-t. Union co. Pa,
Beaver-dam, p-v, Pendleton district, S.C.
Beaufort, t. Savoy, 30 m. E, N. E. Chamberry.
Bea-uforl, co. N. C. on Pamlico Sound, at the
mouth of Tar river. Chief t Washington, Pop,
7,203, ' Slaves 2,668.
Beaufort, s-p. and cap, Carteret co, N, C, on
Core Sound, 27 m. from Cape Look-out, 45 S.
Newbcm, Lat 34° 42' N. Pop, about 500, Ship
ping in 1815, 1,637 tons. jBeau/br/ /n/e/ is under
the lee-shore of Cape Look-out The depth of
water on the bar is 14 feet. Within the bar is a
safe and spacious harbour. It is proposed to make
this inlet the channel of trade for all the rivers of
N. Carolina north of Cape Fear ; and for this pur
pose to connect it by canals with the Neuse, the
Tar, and the Roanoke.
Beaufort, district, S. C. on the sea-coast, be
tween Savannah and Combarce rivers. Chief

towns, Beaufort and Coosahatchie. Pop. 25,887.
Slaves 20,914.
Beaufort, s-p. and p-t Beaufort district, S. C.
on Port-royal IslaniL at the mouth of the Coosa
hatchie, 73 m. S. Charleston, 60 N. Savannah.
Pop. about 1,000. Shipping in 1816, 1,637 tons.
Its harbour is deep and large, and was once a sta
tion of the British fleet. Here is a chartered
college, 'with funds of 60 or 70,000 doUars, and a
handsome edifice, and schools for the preparatory
studies ; but it is nofprovided with instructors in
the studies of acoUegial course, and does not con
fer degrees. The public library contain3'7(X) vol
umes. Beaufort en Vallee, t France, in Maine-and-
Loire, 15 m. E. Angers. Pop. 6,000.
Beaugency, t. France, in Loiret, 15 m. S. W.
Orleans. Pop. 4,900.
Beaugeu, t France, on the Aiere, in Rhone,
27 m. N. N. W. Lyons.
Beauhamois, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, on S. side of the St. Lawrence, 25 m. S,
W. Montreal.
Beaujeu, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, on the river Sorel, 28 m. S. Montreal.
Beauley, r. Scotiand, flows into the Murray
frith, at the 'village of Beauley, 10 m. W. luver-
ness. Beaulieu, r. Eng. flows into the EngUsh chan
nel. Beaulieu, t. France, in Correze, 18 m.S. Tulle ;
another on the Indre, opposite Loches ; another on
the Loire, 5 m. S. Briare.
Beaumarchais,t. France, in Gers, 19 m. W. S-
W. Auch.
Beaumaris, s-p. and borough, Wales, island of
Anglesey, on a bay formed by the Menai strait 28
m, E. S, E. Holyhead. Lon, 4° 15' W. Lat 63°
14' N. Pop. 1,510.
BeaumeSfV. France, in Vaucluse, 15 m. N.E.
Avignon. Beaumont, t. Netherlands, S m. E, Maubeuge.
Beaumont, t. France, in Vienne, 8 m. N. N. E.
Poitiers ; another in Perigor, 28 m. S, Perigeux ;
one in Puy-de-dome, 24m. S, Clermont-Ferrand;
oneinSeine-and-Marne,20m,S-Fontainbleau;onein Indre-aiid-Loire, 4 m. W. N, W. Chinon ; one
in Calvados, 20 m, E. N. E. Caen ; one in Vau
cluse, 14 m. N, E. Aix ; one in Drome, 5 m. S. E.
Valence ; one in La Manche, 8 m, W, N, W.
Cherbourg, Beaumont, seigniory, Hartford co. Lower Cana
da, on S. side of the St. La'wrence, 11 m. E. Que
bec. Beaumont en Argonne, t France, in Ardehnes,
20 m. S. E, Mezieres,
Beaumont de Lomagne, t France, in Tarne-and
Garonne, 28 m. N. W, Toulouse,
Beaumont sur Oise, t France, 20 ni, N. Paris.
Beaumont le Roger, t France, in Eure, 28 m.
S. Rouen.
Beaumont le Vicomte, t. France, in SarUie, 15
m. S, Alencon, Pop, 2,400.
Beaune, or Bcaulne, t France, in Cote d'Or,
20 m. S, S, W, Dijon. Pop. 10,114,
Beaune, t F'rance, 25 m. N. W. Orleans. Pop.
2,060. Beauport, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Cana
da, on the N. side of the St. Lawrence, at the con
fluence of Montmorenci river ; 3 m, N. by E.
Quebec, The village has a catholic church and
about 60 housf s.

BED
Seawpreau, t France, in Maine-and-Loire, 25
)n. S. W. Angers.
Beaupuy de Graniaque, t. France, in Upper Ga
ronne, 6 m. E. N. E. Toulouse.
Beauregard VEveque, t. France, in Puy-de
Dome. 9 m. E, Clermont-Ferrand,
Beaurieux, t, Fnuice, in Aisne, 16 m, E. Sois
sons. Beaurivage, r. Lowpr Canada, falls into the
Chaudiere, about 4 miles before its confluence with
the St, Lawrence,
BeaussaitUt, t, FrEmce, iu Lower Seine, 5 m. S,
Neufchatel, Beausse. See Beauce.
Beausset, t. France, in Var, 7 m, N, W, Toulon,
Beauvais, t France, cap. of Oise, on the The
rin. It was besieged by the English without suc
cess, in 1443, and by duke Charles of Burgundy,
with a sinular result, in 1472, though at the head
of 80,000 men. 17 ra. N. N. W. Paris. Lon. 2°
19' E. Lat 49° 25' N. Pop. 12,800.
Beauvilk, t France, in Lot and Garonne, 10
m. N . Valence, Pop. 1,800.
Beauvoir sur Mer, t. France, in La Vendee, 7
m. N. W. Chalons. Pop. 1,900.
Bebre, r. France, faUs into the Loire, opposite
Bourbon-Lancy. Bee, Le, t. France, in Eure, 16 ra. S, W, Rouen,
Bee de Marsoin, peninsula on the N. coast of St.
Domingo, Lon, 74° 27' W. Lat 18° 36' N,
Becancour, i. Lower Canada, runs into the St,
Lawrence, about 7 m. below Three Rivers, on
the opposite bank. It gives name to a seigniory,
Beecles, t. Eng, Suffolk co, on the Waveney,
which is navigable hither from Yarmouth, 15
miles. Pop. 2,979.
Beehin, t. Bohemia, on the Luschnitz, 50 m, S,
of Prague, Lon, 14° 19' E, Lat 49° 20' N.
Becken, t of the Prussian states, in Westphalia,
on the Wers, between Lippstadtand Munster,
Becket, p-t, Berkshire co. Mass. 17 m. S. E,
Lenox. BeckhamsviUe, p-t. Chester co, S. C, on the Wa-
teree, 30 m, N, W. Camden,
Beckington, t Eng, Somersetshire, 2 m, S, E.
Frome. •
Beckmansvilk, p-v, Schoharie co, N. Y,
Becur, Cape, on the coast of Egypt, 12 m. N, N,
, E. Alexandria.
Bedak, t. Eng, in Yorksliire, 8 m, fr, Richmond,
Bedakshan. See Badakshan.
Bedanore. See Bednore.
Bedar, v. Palestine, 2 m. fr. Acre,
Bedarides, t. France, in Vaucluse, 6 m, N, Avig
non. Bedarrieux, t. France, in Herault, 33 m, W.
MontpeUer. Pop. 3,340.
Beddington, t. Washington co. Maine, 35 m. N.
W. Machias.
Bedford, county Eng. bounded N. and N. W.
by Northamptonshire, E. by Huntingdon, Cam
bridge, and Hertford, and W. by the counties of
Buckingham and Northampton. It contains about
430 square miles. The manufactures are plaiting
of straw and making thread-lace, in which nearly
three-fourths of the female population are em
ployed. Pop. 70,213. Families 14,927 ; of whom
9,431 were engaged in agriculture, and 4,156 in
manufactures, Bedford, t Eng. and capital of Bedfordshire is
on both sides of the Ouse, 22 m. S. E. Northamp
ton, 50 N. of London. Lon. 0° 27' W,, Lat, 52°
8' N. It contains fire cjjurches : three on Uie N.

BEE

95

and two on the S. side of the river ; a house of in
dustry, a county infirmary, a county jail, and an
asylum for lunatics. Bedford is a borough and
corporation by prescription, and has sent two
members to parliament since the year 1295.
Bedford, t. Eng. Lancashire, 7 ra. fr. Newton.
Bedford, t Frontenac co. Up. Canada,
Bedford, county. Lower Canada, on1:he^, side
of RicheUeu river, and bordering on Vermont.
Bedford, p-t. HUlsborough co, New-Hampshire,
on the west side of the Merriraac, 19 m. below
Concord. Bedfoid, t Middlesex co, Mass. 16 m. N. W.
Boston ; Pop. 592,
Bedford, p-t Westchester co. N. Y. 40 m. N. by
E. New- York. Pop. 2,374. Here is an Acade
my. The courts are held alternately here and at
White Plains.
Bedford, co. Pa. bordering on Maryland ; Popl
15,746. Chief t Bedford.
Bedford, p-t. and cap. Bedford co. Pa. 100 m.
E. S. E. Pittsburg, 200 W. Philadelphia; Pop.
1,342. It is regularly laid out on a branch of the;
Juniatta. Bedford, co, Va, on the S. side of James river.
Chief t Liberty. Pop. 16,148. Slaves. 6,147.
Bedford, t Richmond co. Geo. on Savannah riv-
er,^ 4 m, above Augusta.
Bedford, co. West Tennessee, on Duck river.
Pop. 8,282. Slaves, 1,180. Chief t, ShelbyviUe.
Bedford, t. Lincoln co, Missouri,
Bedford, Cape, N. E, extremity of New-Holland.
Lon. 214° 45' W. Lat. 16° 16' S.
Bedis de Gomera. See Gomera.
Bedminster, t Somerset co. N. J. 20 m, N, W.
New-Brunswick; Pop. 1,312.
Bedminster, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,199.
Bednal. See Bethnal Green. ,
Bednore, or Biddanore, district Hind, in the N.
W. extremity of the territories of Mysore, on the
summit of the western Ghauts.
Bednore, t. Hind, capital of the district of Bed
nore, 187 m. N. W. Seringapatam, 330 S. S. E,
Bombay. Lon. 74° 48' E Lat. 13° 47' N. It was
formerly a wealthy and magnificent city con
taining 20,000 houses, but is now reduced. At
the period of its capture by Hyder Ali, the plun
der gained from it was computed at 12 millions
sterling. That sovereign changed its name to Hy-
demagur. Lon. 76° 6' E. Lat. 13° 48' N.
Bedouins, wandering Arabs who inhabit the
desert. Many tribes are notorious robbers, so
that it is dangerous to pass through any territory
occupied by them. They are dispersed in great
numb^s. throughout Asia and Africa.
Bedr Hwnein, v. Arabiaj in Hedsjas, between
Mecca and Medina.
Bedics Indians, N, Araerica, 320 in number on
Trinity river,
Bedwin, Great, t, Eng, Wiltshire, 6 m. W.
Hungerford. ¦
-Beekman, t. Dutchess co, N. Y. 13 m. E. Pough
keepsie. Pop. 3,934. It contains 4 meeting
houses of the Friends, 1 of the Dutch Picformed
and 1 of the Baptist societies.
Beekn's-ferry, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Beelike, or Beelich, t. of the Prussian states, in
Westphalia, 12 m. E. N E. Arensberg.
Beer, in Sac. Geog. city, 12 m. N. Jerusalem
also, the name of an encampment of the Israelite':
in the Wilderness.
Beer, Beerjick, Bir, or ¦ Biradschik, t. Asiatic
Turkey, oa the left bank of the EuphratP?.. It i^

96

B E J

a thoroughfare from Aleppo to Orfa, Diarbekir,
and Persia. Formerly considerable trade was
carried on to Bagdad by means of vessels de
scending the river. 67 m. fr. Orfa, 116 S. W.
Diarbekir, and 60 N. E, of Aleppo, Lon, 38° 6'
E.Lat 36° 48' N.
Beer, or Bere Regis, t. Eng. Dorsetshire, 9 m.
t[. Blandford.
Beer-elin, in Sac. Geog. a place in Moab.
Beer Emir, t Palestine, 3 m. S. Nazareth.
Beeralston. See Berealston.
Beering's Bay, on the W. coast of N. America,
Lon. 221° E. Lat. 59° 18' N:. It was formerly
called Admiralty bay.
Beering's Island, an unhihabited island in the
N. Pacific ocean, 104 miles long, by 15 broad.
Lon, 167° E.Lat 55° N.
Beering's Straits, the narrow sea between the
'W. coast of N. America and the E. coast of Asia,
In the narrowest part in Lat. 66° they are 39
miles wide.
Beer-la-hai-roi, in Sac. Geog. a well, in the
Wilderness, between Palestine and Egypt.
Beerolh, in Sac. Geog. city of Benjamin, be
tween Jerusalem and Shechem.
Beersheba, in Sao. Geog. city, 20 m. S. W. He
bron, 42 fr. Jerusalem, on the S border of Pales
tine. Hence the phrase, ' all Israel from Dan to
Beer-sheba.' Beeskow, t. in the Prussian states, on the Spree,
16 m. S. W. Franlrfort on Uie Oder, and 40 E. S.
E. Berlin.
Beeston, t. Eng. Cheshire, 7 m. W. Nantwich.
Befort, county of France, now included in the
department of the Upper Rhine. The town of
Befort lies at Uie foot of the Vosges, where 6 high
roads meet : 2 from Switzerland, 2 from Paris, one
from Lorraine, and one from Strasburg. Pop.
5,000. 36 m. S. W. Colmar, 70 S. W. Strasburg.
Lon. 6° 57' E. Lat. 47° 38' N.
Begemder, province, Abyssinia, having Dembea
W. Amhara S. Samen N. and Angot E. It is 180
miles long, and 60 broad.
Beggenried, v. Switzerland, in Unterwalden,
on the lake of Lucerne, 6 m. fr. Stantz.
Begherme, country. Central Africa, has Bornou
N. Bergoo E. and Cassina W.
Behaban, t. Persia, in Fars. Pop. 1 0,000. 153
m. fr. Shiraz,
Behiral el Merdj, lake, Syria, 21 m, E, Damas
cus. Behm's Canal, channel which separates the isl
and of ReviUa Gigedo from the N. W, coast of
America, Behring's Island. See Beering's Island.
Beja, or Bexa, in Alentejo, Portugal, compre
hends 1 city, 3 towns, and 21 parishes, 72 m. S.
S. E. Lisbon.
Bejagur, district Hind, in Candeish, about 150
miles long, and 30 broad.
Bejapour, or Visiapour, a province of Hindos
tan, bounded N. and E. by Arnngabad and Beder,
S, by North Canara and the river Toombudra,
and W. by the sea : about 350 miles long, by 200
broad. Four-fifths of it are subject to the Mah
rattas, the rest to the Nizam, Its population is
calculated at seven miUions, of which the Ma-
!)ometans constitute a twentieth part, and the rest
ure Hindoos,
Bejapour, or Visiapour, city. Hind, capital of
Bejapour province. It is a place of very great ex
tent, consisting of three towns within each other.
The innermost is the citadel, a mile in circuit ;

BEL
the next is the fort, eight miles in compass, anS
the third is environ'd by a waU, During the pe
riod of its greatest prosperity, it is said to have
contained, 984,456 houses, and 1,600 mosques.
The citadel is a place of very great strength, and
is encompassed by a ditch, in most places 100
yards wide. There are several mosques and mau
soleums adorned with aU the embeUishments of
eastern architecture, one of which is said to have
cost 700,000/, and to have occupied 6,633 work
men, during 36 years, 11 months, and 11 days.
Bejapour was besieged by Aumngzebe, and sur
rendered by capitulation in 1689. Lon. 75° 42'
E. Lat 17° 9' N,
Bejar, or Bejas, t. Spanish Estremadura, iu Pla
centia, 10 m. N, Coria.
Beichlingen, a county of Saxony, in Thuringia,
belonging, since 1815, to Prussia. The castle of
BeichUngen is 18 ra, N. Weimar, and 20 N. E.
Erfurt. Bejetzk, or Beshesh,. t Russia, 48 m. N. N. E.
Twer. Beikn. See Bailen.
Beilngries, t Bavaria, 16 m. N. E."Eichstadt
Beilstein, t Prussian states, grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, on the Moselle, 22 m. W. Coblents.
Another, 5 m. S. DiUenburg.
Beilstein, t. Wirtemberg, 14 m. N. Stut^:ard.
Beinac, or Beynat, t. France, 8 m. S. TuUe.
Beira, a province of Portugal, bounded N. by
Tras-los-Montes and Entre Duero e Minho, E. by
Spain, S. by Portuguese Estremadura and Alen
tejo, and W. by the Atiantic. Extent 11,000
square raUes. Pop. in 1810, 880,602.
Beiragur, t Hind, in Orissa, 14 m. W. N. W.
Boad. Beit el Fakih, t. Arabia, in Yemen, particu
larly celebrated for its trade in coffee, which
grows in the hiUs, dlfitant about 60 mUes.
The quantity carried to Mocha, is about 4(X)0
bales of 313 pounds each. Several European
powers have had residents at Beit el Fakih,
and merchants resort tiiither from Persia, Russia,
Turkey, Barbary, and Africa, in general. 30 ni.
E. S. E. Hodeida, 72 N. Mocha. Lon. 43° 23' E .
Lat. 14° 32' N. f
Beith, t Scotland, in Ayrshire, 8 ra. N. Irvine.
Pop. of Uie parish, 4,050,
Bejucal, city, Cuba, 21 m. from Ha-vannah.
Bekes, t Hungary, in the county of Bekesch,-
on the Black Karosch.
Bekesch (Beks Varmegye), a. county of Hun
gary, bounded N. by Great Cumania and Biliar,
E, by Biliar and Zarand, S. by Arad, and W. by
Solnok and Czongrad. Pop. 55,000.
Bekia, or Boquio, isl. West Indies, 60 m. N. E.
Grenada, 99 'W. S. W, Barbadoes, Lat 13°
2'N. Bela. See Bailen.
Bela, t Hungary, in the county of Zips.
Bel-Alcasar, t, Spain, in Andalusia, 36 m. N. N,
W, Cordova. Pop. 2,500.
jBe/Af «, t Egypt, 36 m. N. E. Cairo, 4 N. W.
Suez. Belbo, r. Piedmont, falls into the Tanaro near
Alexandria. Belcastro, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, near the
gulf of SquiUace, 10 m. N. E. St Severina,
Belchertown, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. 16 ra. E.
S, E. NorUiampton, 80 W. Boston. Pop, 2,270.
Belcz, t. Austrian Galicia, near the river Bug,
witha castle, M8 ra. E.Cracow, 162 S. S. E, Wai>
saw. Lon. 24° 12' E, Lat. 50° .24' N,

BEL
Beled Caraon. See Caroon.
Beled el Haram, i. e, the Holy Land of Lslam, a
district of Arabia on the coast of the Red sea. It
extends from the port of Araboss, 21 leagues N.
of Jedda, to a port called Almassa Ibrahim, 32
leagues S. E. Jedda.
Beled Mousa. See Arment.
Belem, Bellem, or Bethlem, t. Portuguese Estre
madura, on the 'Tagus, 3 m. W. Lisbon.
Beles, See Balis.
Belese, r. Persia, flows into the Hermund, in
Seistan. Beleser, t. Palestine, 14 m. N. Jerusalem.
Belesme, or Belleme, t France, in Orne, 20 ra.
E. by S. Alencon.
Belfast, s-p. Ireland, in Antrira co. at the efflux
of the river Lagan into Carrickfergus bay, 80 m.
N. Dublin. The port is connected with the ex
tensive lake caUed Lough Neagh, by a canalwhich
is navigable for lighters. Belfast has considera
ble manufactures, and an extensive commerce ;
the principal branch of the former consists in the
weaving of Unen and cottons. There are also
manufactories of glass, vitriol, pottery, and seve
ral sugar refineries. "The chief exports are Unen,
butter, beef, pork, and oatmeal ; the total value of
which, in 1810, was 2,904,520/. Considerable
trade is carried on with the West Indies, Ameri
ca, and other parts of the world. The progress of
Belfast in population and commerce, has been re
markably rapid. In 1758, the population was
8,549, in 1782, 13,105, in 1798, 18,320, and in
1816 was computed at 30,000. The custom-house
duties for 1800 were, 6"^668/.; and for 1816,
349,417/. Lon. 5° 46' W. Lat. 54° 36' N.
Belfast, s-p. and p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on
Penobscot bay, 9 m. fr. Castine, across the bay, 40
N. E. HaUowel and Augusta. Pop. 1,274, Ithas'
a good harbor, and is a place of trade. Here is
an Academy.
Belfast, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 750.
Belfast, p-v. Laurens district, S.C.
Belfonte, or Belforte, v. Ecclesiastical state, in
Marca d' Ancona, on the river Chienti, 12 m. N.
E. Camerino.
Belford, t Eng. in Northumberland, 12 m. N.
Alnwick. Belford, p-v. Nashco. N. C.
Belforte, t. Italy, on the Taro, 19 ra. S. S. W.
Parma ; one in the Ecclesiastical state, duchy of
Urbino ; one in Naples, Calabria Ultra.
Belgard, t Prussia, iu Farther Pomerania, 38
m. N. W. New Stettin, 40 E. Camin. Lon. 16°
50' E. Lat 53° 59'.N.
Belgerin, I. Prussia, on the Elbe, 24 m. N. W.
Meissen, 36 N. W. Dresden.
Belgiqjoso, t. Milan, on the Po, 6 m, E, Pavia.
Belgium, the name given by the French, after
the revolution, to the Netherlands, (viz. to the
provinces of Limburg, Upper Guelderland, Ant
werp, and Mechlin, and the greater part of Flan
ders, Hainault, Naraur, Luxemburg, and Bra
bant,) which they annexed to tlieir empire in
1795, and divided with the bishopric of Liege,
iilto the nine following departments : the Lys, the
Scheldt, Gemappe, the Dyle, the Deux Nethes,
the Sambre and Meuse, the OurUie, the Loire,
the Maese, and the Forets. 'The chief places of
these departments were Bruges, Ghent, Mons,
Brussels, Antwerp, Liege, Namur, Maestricht,
and Luxemburg. Belgium now forms an impor
tant part of the, Idngdom of the Netherlands,
which see. 13

BEL

97

Belgrad, y, Eu, Turkey, in Roraania, near
Constantinople, 1 1 ra, N, N, , W, Pera,
Belgrade, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, at the con
flux ot the Save and Danube, 150 m. S, S. E. Bu
da, 440 N, W, Constantinople, Lon, 20° 10' E,
Lat. 44° 43' N. It consists of four parts, 1. the
Fortress, standing on a steep eminence in the cen
tre of the whole, and commanding the Danube.
It is inclosed with high walls, strong towers, and
a triple tUtch, and is provided with mines and
bomb-proof casemates. 2. the Water-side Di
vision, lying on the north, not far from the junct
ion of the two rivers, and defended in Uke
manner by walls and ditches. 3. the Rascian
town, towards the west, in the direction of the
Save, is inclosed with walls apd pallisades ; and
4. the Palanka, which encircles the fortress on the
south and east. The population is about 26,000,
and consists principally, of the families' of the
Turkish Janissaries, by whom the fort is garri
soned. Belgrade ^ advantageously situated for
commerce, having an easy communication with
Vienna and the Black sea. Its situation as the
key of Hungary, has frequently rendered it the
object of fierce contention between the Austrians
and the Turks.
Belgrade, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 13 m. N.
Augusta, Pop. 996.
Belgrado,t. Italy, in Lombardy, 18 m, S, Udine,
27,N,E. Treviso,
Belgram, t Hind, in Oude, Lon, 86° 3' E.
Lat 27° 13' N,
, Belian, r. Great Bukharia, flows into the Har
rat, 60 m, W. S, W, Badakshan.
Belim, or Belin, t France, 48 m. S . S. W.
Bourdeaux. Belits, t. Prussia, in the middle Mark of Bran
denburg, 12 m. S. W, Potsdam, 28 S. W. Berlin.
Bellac, or Belac, t. France, in Upper Vienne,
20 m. N. W, Limoges.
Bellagio, v, Italy, in Milan, at the S, E, extrem
ity of lake Cqmo, 13 m, N. N. E. Como.
Bellair, or Les Ecureuils, seigniory, Hampshire
CO. Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St. Law
rence, 22 m. W. Quebec.
Bellair, p-t and cap. Harford co. Md. 22 m. N,
E. Baltiraore.
Bell-air, p-v. Lancaster district, S. C.
Bella Isola. See Bonomei Islands.
Bellano, t. Italy, in Milan, on the E. bank of
lake Como, 17 m. N. N. E Como.
Bcllary, t Hind, in the Mysore, 187 m. N. Se
ringapatam. The London Missionary Society had
here in 1819, 3 missionaries, who had established
11 scho^s, containing 653 scholars. The station
is increased in importance by a late extension ef
the British territory in its vicinity.
Belkis, t. Portugal, 8 ra. N. W. Lisbon.
Bellbrook, p-t. Green co. Ohio.
Belle-Bay, on the S. coast of Newfoundland,
N. of Fortune bay,
Belle Fontaine, v. St. Louis co. Missouri, on the
S. side of Missouri river, 4 m, above its ipouth, 15
N, St, Louis. The inhabitants are chiefly French.
Belkfonte, p-t. and cap. Centre co. Pa. about
70 m. N. W. Harrisburg. Pop. 303. It stands at
the head of boat navigation, on Spring-creek. It
is regularly laid out, and has a bank, and an acad
emy. Bellegarde, fort, France, on the side of Spain,
in Eastern Pyrenees. It is regularly constructed,
and has five bastions. 4 m. % E, Ceret, 15 8,
Perpignan.

98

BEL

Bellegarde, t France, in La Creuse, 5 m. E.
Aubusson. Belle-Isle, isl. Ireland, in Lough'Eme.
Belle-Isle, or Belkisk en Mer, isl. France, in the
bay of Biscay, 15 miles long, and from 5 to 12
broad. It is 25 m. S. W. Vannes, 28 W. Guerande.
Lon. 3° 5' W. Lat. 4'?° 17' N. Pop. 6,570.
Belkisk, isl. at the mouth of the straits of Bel-
lifle, between L'«*)rador and the N. end of New
foundland island. Lon. 56° 15' W. Lat, 61°
58' N.
Belknave, t. France, in Allier, 25 ra. S, S, W.
Moulins. Bellesta, or Belkstal, v. France, in Arriege, 10
m. S.Mirepoix.
Belleville, v, France, in Seine, on a height about
3 m. N. E. Paris.
Bellevilk sur Saone, t France, in Rhone, 7 m.
N, ViUefranche. Pop. 2,000.
Belleview, t. Washington co, Missouri, 13 ra, fr.
Herculaneum. It contains not less than 60 fami
lies ; and the land is fertile. South and west of
this settlement, the country is mountainous and
barren. BelkviUe, p-v. Essex co. N. J. on the Passaic, 5
m. above Newark.
Bellevilk, p-t. Wood co. Va. on the Ohio, 5 m.
below the raouth of Hockhoclring river.
Belleville, p-v, Mifflin co. Pa.
Belleville, t. and cap. Logan co. Ohio.
BeUeville, t. Richland co. Ohio, on a W. branch
of Mohiccan creek.
Bellevilk, p-t St. Clair co. lUinois, 15 ra. E. Ca-
hokia, 60 N. Kaskaskias.
BeUevue, fief, Surry co. Lower Canada, on the
S. side of the St Lawrence, 20 m. N, E. Montreal.'
Belley, or Bellay, t France, in Ain, 35 m. S. E.
Bourg. Bellfield, v. Greensville co, Va. on the Meher-
rin, opposite Hicksford, 45 m, S, Petersburg.
Bellheim, t. belonging to Bavaria, in the circle
of the Rhine. Pop. 1,500.
Bellie, parish, Scotland, in Banffshire and Mo
rayshire, on the Spey, near its mouth,
Bellin, t Prussia, in Brandenburg, 18 m, N, N.
W, Custrin,
Bellingham, t, Eng, in Northumberland, 14 m,
N, Hexham,
Bellingham, t, Norfolk co. Mass. 26 m. S. W.
Boston, 20 N. Providence. Pop. 766.
BcllingiMm' s Bay, on the W. coast of America, in
the gulf of Georgia. It every where affords good
and secure anchorage. Lon. of the E. cxtremilv,
237° 50' E. Lat. 48° 36' to 48° 48' N.
Bellingwolder-Zyl, fort, Netherlands, in Gro-
ningen, f ra. E. Winscoten.
liellinsona, t. Switzerland, canton of the Tici
no, 25 m. N. N. W. Como, 40 S. Zurich.
BcUisk, r. New Brunswick, runs into the St,
Johns from the E,
Bellisk, Straits of, between Nev/foundland and
the coast of Labrador,
Belloaa. See Leroy.
Bellows falls, in Connecticut river, atWalpole,
N. H. In the midst of the channel worn in the
rocks, a huge rock remains, on each side of which
IS a passage for the water. As the E. side, how
ever, is moi'c elevated, the water, except when
the river is high, does not pass over it; and the
whole Connecticut, which above isal-out 350 feet
wide, and 25 feet deep, shoots through a space of
16 feet by 24, and descends, by successive pitches,
in the course of half a mile, 42 feet On tlie

BEL
steep aides of this rock, arm-chairg are hung, in
which the fishermen sit securely with nets to
catch the salmon that pass up the falls. A bridge
is thrown over the river, supported in the middle
l^ the rock. The viUage of Bellows-Falls con
tains a post-office and several mills.
Bellpuch, or Belpuig, t Spain, in Catalonia, 16
m. E. Lerida.
. BeU Rock, or Inch Cape, a dangerous rock on
the E. coast of Scotland, near the mouth of the
Tay, 12 m. S. W. Aberbrothock, in the direct track
of aU vessels engaged iu the coasting trade of the
east coast of Scotland. A light-house is erected
on it,
Bellunese, Uj a mountainous district of Upper
Italy, in Lombardy. It is rich in corn, wine, and
all sorts of fruit, has excellent pastures and thri
ving cattle ; but its principal wealth Ues in the
extensive forests on the sides of the mountains, the
wood of which is transported in floats on the Pi
ave to the Lagunes of Venice. Pop. 47,500,
Belluno, the capital of BeUunese, stands ou a
hiU between the Ardo and Piave, It has a large
suburb, called CampedeUo,M churches, 5 cloisters,
and a large aqueduct. The main source of sub- i
sistence is the trade in wood. Pop. 7,400. 43 m.
N. Venice, 48 E. Trent.
Belmont, t on the coast of Syria, 8 m. S. Tri-
pol. Belmont, t. France, in Loire, 14 ra. N. E. Ro
anne ; one in Aveyron, 12 ra. S. W. St Afrique.
Belmont, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, on the
Tuscan sea, 11 m. W. S. W. Cosenza; one in Ter
ra di Lavoro, 10 m. N. E. Ponte Corvo.
Belmont, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 20 m. W.
Castine. Belmont, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop. in 1819.
16,726. Chief t St ClairsvUle.
Belneda, t Italy, in FriuU, 4 m. N. Udine.
Beloeil, seigniory, Surrey co. Lower Canada,
on the river Sorel, 16 m. E. Montreal.
Belona, t Italy, in the Veronese, 10 m. N.
Garda. Beloochistan, a country of Asia. In its most
comprehensive acceptation, it includes the whole
space within lat. 24° 50'— 30° 40' N. and lon. 58'
55'— 67° 30' E. bounded N. by Seistan and the
country of the Afghans, S. by the Indian ocean,
W. by Kerman, and E. by Sinde. A lai;ge pro
portion of the country is mountainous. Water is
generally scarce ; the principal rivers being Uttie
else than mountain torrents, losing themselves in
the sands, or finding their way in shallow streams
to the sea. There are two great classes of inhab
itants, tlie Belooches and Brahooes,who differ from
each other in their outward appearance, as well
as in their manners. The Belooches ai'e tall,
handsome, and active. They are lawless robbers,
and undertake distant excursions in quest of
booty, or for the purpose of carrying off the in
habitants of other countries for slaves. They are
Mahometans of the Soonee faith, and entertain a
great antipathy to other sects. The Brahooes
have short thick bones, round faces, and flat fea
tures. They ai-e a quiet and industrious race,
•and, although equally brave, free frora Uie preda
tory pursuits of tiie Belooches.
'The chief town of Beloochistan is Kelat, where
the Ichan or sovereign of the whole counU-y re
sides. His power has declined of late, in conse
quence of some of the tributary chiefs having de
clared themselves independent. The total num
ber of troops which the Idian can raise is .about

BEN
60,000, Hindoos reside throughout Beloochistan,
and occupy 4 or 500 of the best houses in the cap
ital, under the protection of government, Th^
are aU occupied in commercial concerns, and
h'ave become the wealthiest class in the wlMe
country, Belota, t. Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, 8 m, E.
S, E. Bergamo.
Belpeck, t, France, in Aude, 7 ra, N. W, Mire-
poix. Belper, t Eng. in Derbyshire, Pop. 5,778, 8
m, fr, Derby,
Belpre, p-t, Washington co, Ohio, on Ohio riv
er, 14 m, S, W. Marietta,
Belriguarda, 2 towns in Italy : one in the Lora-
bardo-Venetian kingdom, 14 m, S, S. W, Milan;
the other in the Papal legation of Ferrara, 8 ra,
S, E, Ferrara,
Behito, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, 6 m, S,
Cosenza. BeU, Great and Little, the name of two narrow
straits, which connect the Baltic with the Catte
gat The former lies between the islands of Zea
land and Funen, and the latter between the island
of Funen and the coast of Jutland.
Beira, r. Africa, falls into the Atlantic. Lat.
26° 40' N.
Belturbet, t Ireland, on the Erne, 8 m, N. W.^
Cavan, Belvedere, t Eu. Turkey, near the W. coast of
the Morea, on the site of the ancient Elis, 66 m.
W. Corinth, ' _ .
Belvedere, t Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, 5 m,
E, Taranto ; one in Parma, 17 m, S. Parma ; one
in Calabria Citra, 16 m,S, E. Scalea,
Belvedere Shoal, about 24 m, N, of the island of
Banea, Lon, 107° E. Lat, 2° 12' S,
Belvez, t. France, in Dordogne, 28 ra, S, Peri
gueux, Belvidere, t FrankUn co, Vt, 40 m, N, Mont
peUer. Pop, 217.
Belvidere, p-t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Dela
ware, 11 m. above Easton.
Belur, t. Great Bukharia, 100 m. E. Badak
shan. Belur Tagil, the ancient Imaus, a mountain of
Asia, which forras the boundary of Little Buk
haria, E. of Belur.
Beminster. See Beaminster.
Bena, t Piedmont, 28 m, S, Turin, Pop. 5,020.
Benadky, or Benatek, t. Bohemia, 8 m. S. S. W.
JungBuntzlau, 22 N. E. Prague.
Benaist, t. France, on the Loire, 9 m. E. N. E.
Saumur. Benar, v. on the W. coast of Africa, near Si
erra Leone.
Berlares, a large and valuable district, Hindos
tan, oft both sides of the Ganges, between 23° and
27° N. lat. containing 1200 square railes offer-
tile soil, which produces all kinds of grain, and
a quantity of sugar, indigo, and opiura. It is ex
ceedingly populous. In 1'775 the sovereignty of
this district was ceded to the British,
Benares, city, Hind, cap. of Benares district, on
the N. bank of the Ganges ; in lon. 83° E. lat, 25°
30" N. 460 m, N; W. Calcutta. It is the ancient
seat of Brahminical learning, and denominated
" the Holy City." The Hindoos conceive that a
person dying at Benares, is certain of paradise, a
notion which contributes to the increase of its
population. It contains 12,000 stone and brick
houses, from one to six stories high; and above
16,000 mud houses. Pop. in 1803, 582,000 ; du-

B E N

99

ring the festivals, the concourse is beyond all cal
culation. The residence of the English judge,
and civil establishment, is at Secrole, a pleasant
village, about 2 miles from the city, where there
is a military cantonment for a battalion of sepoys.
This city carries on a very extensive trade with
all parts of India. It is the (principal m-art for the
diamonds found in themines'of Bundelcund, and
its manufactures of gold and silver lace, silks, and
brocades, are carried to all parts of the East The
Church Missionary Society have lately sent seve
ral missionaries here, with a printing establish
ment. They have also the superintendance of a
charity school, which h;is been very liberally en
dowed by a native Hindoo with the sum of 88,000
rupees, or 11,000/, In 1819, the number in the
school was 121, of whom 63 were studying Eng
lish, 32 Persian, 11 Hindee and Sanscrit, and 15
Bengalee. Benatek. See Benadky.
Benavarre, t Spain in Arragon, 18 ra, E. N, E,
Balbastro. Benavente, t, Spain, in Leon, 36 m, S. Leon.
Benbecula, isl. of the Hebrides, between North
aud Smith Uist. Lon, 7° 18' W. Lat. 57° 26' N.
Bencookn, the only British settlement on the
island of Sumatra, For a few years it was a dis,-
tinct presidency, but -is now incorporated with
that of Bengal. The culture of pepper is the
professed and only object of the whole settlement,
and it yields about 1000 tons. Lon, 102° 16' 15"
E, Lat, 3° 49' 16" S.
Ben-Cowse, or Nic Cowse, v. in the S. part of
the Algerine territory, 63 m. S, W, Constantina.
Benda. See Banda.
Bend Emir, r. Persia, flows into lake Batkegan.
Bender, a regularly fortified t of Eu, Russia, in
Bessarabia, on the Dniester. In 1770, tiie Rus
sians tookit from the Turks, but restored it at the
peace of Kaynardgi. They got possession of it a
second time ; restored it at the peace of Jassy ;
again made themselves masters of it in the last
war, and retained it at the peace of 1812. 100
m. E. Jassy, and 100 W. Oczakoy. Lon. 29° 36'
E. Lat 46° 60' 32" N. Pop. about 30,000.
Bender Abassi. See Gombroon.
Bender Boshavir. See Bushire.
Bender Rigk, s-p. Persia, in Fars, on the N. side
of the Persian gulf, 35 m. N. Bushire, The fort
Bender Riiher, is 18 m, S, E, Bushire.
Bendorf, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nassau,
on the Rhine, 5 m, N, Coblentz, Pop. 1,500.
Bendschin, or Bensche, t Austrian Silesia, 7 m.
S, W, Jagerndorf, Lon, 17° 36' E, Lat. 49°
53' N, t
Benedict, p-t, Charles co. Md. on the W. side of
Patuxent river,^47 m. E, Washington,
Bener, or Bembher, district. Hind, in Cahul, on
the Indus, about lat. 24° N,
Benevento, duchy, Italy, included in principato
Ultra, of the kingdom of Naples, but belonging to
the States of the Churth, It consists of the city
of Benevento and a small district around it, about
11 miles square. Pop, 20,350,
Benevento, city, Italy^ included in the kingdom
of Naples, but in reahty the capital of a small
duchy belonging to the States of the Church, No
place in Italy, with the exception of Rorae, con
tains so many interesting remains of antiquity as
Benevento. 26 m. E, Capua, 30 N, E, Naples,
109 S. E, R«me. Lon. 14° 38' E, Lat. 41° 7' N.
Pop. 14,000g,

100

BEN

Benfelden, t France, in Lower Rhine, 15 m. S,
S. W. Strasburg.
Bengal, an extensive and valuable province of
Hindostan, 400 miles long and 300 broad, situated
between 21° and 27° N. Lat. and between 86°
and 92° E. Lon. On the N. and E, it is bounded
by the mountains of Nepaul, Assam, and Ava ; on
the S, by a line of iriliospitable and dangerous sea
coast ; on the W. it joins Bahar and Oude, Its
§oil produces every thing requisite for the suste
nance of life, and in Such abundanc^, that the crops
of one year are sufficient for the consumption of
its inhabitants for two. The revenues consist
chiefly of rents paid to the government for land.
Tn the years 1811-12, they amounted, including
those of Bahar and Orissa, to 2,690,000 /. sterUng.
The exports of Bengal are principaUy rice, cotton
and silk, both raw and manufactured ; indigo, su
gar, saltpetre, ivory, tobacco, and drugs of yarious
kinds. Its imports are gold and silver, copperand
bar iron, woollen cloths of every description, tea,
Salt, glass and china ware. The south-east dis
tricts produce elephants, which are used by the
opulent natives, for state or riding, and also for
carrying'the camp equipage of tho army, Ben-
. gal is intersected by the Ganges, thfe>4Jrahmapoo-
tra, Dummooda, and several other rivers, so^ con
nected by various streams, and the annual inun.i
dations, that there is scarcely a town which does
not enjoy the benefits of an inland navigation.
The greater proportion of the inhabitants are Hin
doos : they are very dark, but not so black as Af
ricans, 'They are sraall and delicate in their per
sons, ofa timid temper, and excessively litigious.
The Mahometans, who constitute about one tenth
of the population, are the descendants of the Af
ghan and Mogul conquerors, and Arabian mer
chants. The descendants of the Portuguese are
numerous. The climate of Bengal is found to
agree very well with European constitutions.
Th^ year is there divided into three seasons, viz.
the hot, the rainy, and the cold ; the former be
gins in March and ends in June ; the rains then
commence, and continue till October, after which
it becomes cool, and the weather continues pleas
ant for four months. This province in 1757, fell
into the hands of the EngUsb, who have gradually
changed its form of government, and introduced a
code of regulations founded on the Hindoo, Ma
hometan, and English laws, by which impartial
justice is administered to ail the inhabitants, and
toleration granted to all religions; owing to which
the country improves, and the population increa
ses, Calcutta is the seat of government. The
military establishment of Bengal consists of 3 bat
talions of European artillery, with a number of
natives attached, for the subordinate departments ;
1 regiment of European infantry ; 60 battalions
of native infantry, and 8 regiments of native cav
alry : to each company of native infantry and troop
of cavalry, an European officer is attached. Ex-
elusive of the above, there are always some of the
king's regiments employed under the Bengal gov
ernment, Bengal, p-t, Oneida co. N. Y, on Oneida Lake,
W, of Rome, adjoining. Pop, 454,
Ben'galPaSsage, between Pulo-Brasse and Pulo-
Way, Bengo, r. W,^Africa, falls into the Atiantic, lat,
8°50'S, Bengore Headf cape, Ireland, on the N. coast of
Antrim. Lon. 6° 19' W. Lat 56° 1|' N.
Benguela, territory 6f W. Afrfcaj S. of Cong6

BEN
and Angola. Its coast extends from 10» 3ff to 16'
15' S, lat.
mBenguela, New, s-p. in Benguela, on Cow's bay",
-i^ich affords very safe and convenient anchorage.
ijii, 13° 30' E, Lat 12° 28' S.
Beni, r. Peru, runs W. into the Ucayale.
Benicarlo, t Spaua, in Valencia, 85 m.N. E. Va
lencia, Beni-Mezsar, district, S. part of Algiers. The
chief town is Gardeiah.
Benin, a kingdom of W. Africa, the Umits of
which are not precisely known. Benin, the cap
ital, is in lon. 6° 5' E. lat 6° 15' N.
Benisuef, t. Upper Egypt, 60 m. S. Cairo.
Benisette, v. on the coast of Piedmont.
Benlmnand, mountain, Scotland, rises from
Lochlomond, to the height of 3,240 feet.
Benneckenstein, t. of the Prussian states, 13 m.
N. Nordhausen, 18 S. W. Halberstadt
Ben-Nevis, mountain, Scotland, in Dumbarton
CO. the highest in Great Britain, being 4370 feet
above the level of the sea.
Bennington, co. in the S. W. part of Vermont,
bounded N. by Rutland co. E. by Windham co.
S, by Massachusetts, and W. by New- York. Chief
town, Bennington, Pop, 15,893,
Bennington, p-t Bennington co, Vt 37 m. N, E,
Albany, 132 W. N, W. Boston, 68 S. W. Windsor.
P(^_in 1810, 2,524. It lies on the New-York
line, andis-surrounded except on the east, -with a
fine, fertile farming country. Foreign goods are
generally procured from 'Troy on the Hudson.
Two famous battles were fought here, August
16th, 1777, in which General Stark, at the head
of80O American militia defeated the British,
Bennington, t, Genesee co. N. Y. 15 m. S. W.
Batavia. Bennington, t Mercer co. Pa. ou the Shenango
river, 60 m. N, N. W. Pittsburg.
Bennington, t Licking co. Ohio.
Bennisch. See Bendschin.
Benodet. See Boync Islands.
Benoit. See Aniane.
Benowm, t and cap. of Ludamar, in c«ntial A&
rica. Lon, 7° 10' W, Lat 15° 5' N,
Bensalem, t. Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware,
above Philadelphia. Pop. 1,434.
Bensberg, t of the Prussian states, in the Lower
Rhine, 7 ra. E. Mulheim.
Bensboro, p-v. Pitts co. N, C, about 60 m. S. E.
Raleigh. Bensheim, t in the grand duchy of Hesse, prin
cipality of Starkenburg, 8 m. S. DEuinstadt, SO N.
Heidelberg. Pop. 3,100.
Bensington, or Benson, v. Eng. in Oxfordshire,
415 m. from London.
Benson, p-t Rutland co. Vt, on Lake Cham
plain, 57 m. N. Bennington. Pop. 1,561.
Bent creek, p-v. Buckingham co. Va. 112 m. W.
Richmond. ' Bentheim, a county of Germany, included in
the kingdom of Hanover. It contains 440 square
miles and 24,000 inhabitants.
Bentheim, the chief town in Bentheim county,
32 ra. N. W. Munster, 38 W. Osnabruck. Loa.
7° 5' E. Lat, 52° 20' N. Pop. 1,650.
Bentinck Point, the N. E. point of Hinchinbrook
island, N. W. coast of America. Lon. 214° 24' E.
Lat 60° 28' N.
Bentinck' s Arms, 2 branches of an inlet on the
N, W. coast of America. Lon, 283° to 233° 21'
E. Lat 52° to 52° 25' N,

BER

BER

101

BenUeysviiie, p-v, HaUfax co, N, C. about 50 m,
E, Raleigh, *
Benton, p', Ontario co. N, Y, on the W, side
of Seneca Lake ; S, W. Canandaigua, Pop,
3,339. Benwell, t. Eng. in Northumberland, 2 m. W.
NewcasUe. Bera, district of Celebes, ou the sea-coast, ex
tends E. from the river Bampaug, to the point of
Lassoa. Bercca, t. Syria, 7 ra. N. Acre.
Berat, or Ardauth Belgrade, t Eu. Turkey, in
Albania, 40 m, N, E, Aulona, Pop, 12,000,
Beraun, t Bohemia, 14 m. S,W. Prague.
Berawa. See Brava.
Berbera, district, Africa, extending frora the
straits of Babelmandeb to Cape Guardafui.' It is
the native country of myrrh, incense, and gums,
which are exported thence to all quarters of the
world. .Berbera, t. Africa, capital of the Berbera dis
trict Here a large fair is annually held, which is
resorted to by caravans from a great distance in
the interior. The articles sold are gum arable,
myrrh and frankincense,
Berbice, r. S. America, in Guiana, It enters
the Atiantic in lat, 6° 20' N, lon, 67° 16' W. A bar
of sand prevents any vessel drawing more than 14
feet water, from entering the river,
Berftice, a district of Guiana, which formerly be
longed to the Dutch, but is now in possession of
Britain, having been finally ceded by the peace of
f aris in 1814. It extends along the sea-coast, 160
miles from Abarry creek on the W. to Couram-
tine river on the E, The coast is low and marshy,
and except at the settlements, is inundated from
the sea. All the plantations are strongly diked.
The land is continually encroaching upoij the sea.
On many parts of the coast, it has advanced two
miles within 20 years. The soil is a rich clay, and
yields maize, sugar cane, cocoa, all the tropical
fruits, and all the necessaries and luxuries of life.
The climate is very uniform, the range of the ther
mometer being from 76° to 84° ; and is much
healthier than formerly. The population of Ber
bice in 1811, according to official returns, was
25,969, of whom 650 were whites and the rest ne
groes. Within a few years, however, many of the
estates have been broken up, and the slaves trans
ferred to Demerara, The population at present
is about 18,000. The exports are sugar, rum,
molasses, cocoa, &c. The value of exports iu
. 1810, was 51,785 /. and of the imports, 191,566 /.
New Amsterdam is the capital.
, Berchem, v. Prussian states, in the Lower
Rhine, 12 m. W. Cologne.
Berching, t. Ba-varia, 26 m. W. N. W. Ratis
bon. . '
Berchtolsgadden, t. of the Austrian empire, 13
m. S, Saltzburg, Pop, 3,000,
Berckel, r. Germany, runs into the Yssel, at
Zutphen. Berdiczow, t, Russia, in Volhynia, 324 m, S, E,
Warsaw, m
¦ Berea, in Sac, Geog, 'city of Macedonia, near
Fella, between the rivers Lydia and Haliacmon,
afterwards called Trenopolis; and now by the
Turks, Boor.
Berdoa. See Burgu.
Berealston, t. and borough, Eng. Devonshire, 5
m. from Tavistock.
Beregh, county, on the N. side of the Theysp,
in Hungary,

Bereguardo, t. Lombardo- Venetian kingdom, N,
of Pavia.
Berelos. See Bourlos.
Beresford's Islands, probably the same as the
Sartine islands, in the Pacific, Lon. 129° 57' W.
Lat, 50° 52' N.
Beresow. See Berezov.
Bereseuka, t, Russia, on the Volga, 1.24 m, S,
Saratov, Berezina, t, Russia, in Minsk, 44 ra, N, E.
Minsk, Berezina, r. Russia, famous for the disastrous
passage of the French in their retreat from Rus
sia, in 1812, It falls into the Dnieper, near Ret-
ehitza. Berezinskoi, t, Siberia, on the Irtisch, 40 m, E,
Tobolsk, Berezov, t Siberia, on the Soswa, 18 m. from its
confluence with the Ob. Lat, 64° N,
Beresovskoi, t Russia, on the Ural, 140 m. E, N,
E. Orenburg,
Berg, formerly a duchy of Germany, in the cir
cle of Westphalia, bounded N, by the duchy of
Cleves, E, by, the county of Mark and the duchy
of Westphalia, .S, by the Westerwald, and W, by
the Rhine, It belonged to the elector of Bava :
ria previous to 1815, It now belongs to Prussia,
and is included in the province of Juliers-Cleves-
Berg, Berg, a county of the Netherlands, in Guelder
land, district of Zutphen.
Berg, r. Africa, falls into St. Helena bay. Lat.
32° Iff S.
Berga, t of the Prussian states, on the Elster,
12 m, N, E, Neustadt,
Bergamasco, a district in Upper Italy, now in
cluded in the Lorabardo-Venetian kingdora,
bounded N, by the Valteline, E, by the Bresciano,
S, by the Creraonese, and W. by the Milanese,
Pop, 366,000.
Bergamw, city, Upper Italy, cap, of Bergamasco,
between the rivers Brembo and Serio, It is pro
tected by a castle and walls. There is a fair on
the 24th of August which is frequented by mer
chants from Italy, Germany, and Switzerland.
The great trade of the town is in silk, which is ex
ported to Germany, France, and England. The
imports are flne cloth from England, France, and
Holland, camlets from Holland and Flanders,
coarse cloths, spiceries and drugs, from Germany,
and com from the Milanese. 28 m. N. E. Milan,
28 N. W. Brescia, 38 N. W. Cremona. Lon. 9°
38' ,E. lat 45° 42' N. Pop. 26,000,
Bergedorf, t. Germany, territory of Hamburg,
9 m, E|S. E. Haraburg, Pop. ,2,000.
Bergen, t. Norway, capital of the bishopric and
government of Bergenhuus. It lies at the bottom
of a long bay, which is inclosed on all sides by rug
ged and barren rocks. The harbor is secure but
the access is attended with considerable danger.
The inhabitants are employed chiefly in naviga
tion, trade, and fishing.. Dried fish and train oil
are ex8hanged with the Dutch, English, Swedes,
and other nations, for corn, and the necessaries of
Ufe. 180 ra. N. Stavanger, and 270 S. W. Dron-
theira. Lon. 7° 14' E. lat 60° 10' N. Pop.
15,000. Bergen, t Netherlands, 3 m, N, Alkmaer.
Bergen, t. Germany, 3 m. N. E. Frankfort on
the Main.
Bergen, t capital of the island of Rugen, in the
Baltic, 13 m. N. E. Stralsund. Lon. 13° 34' E.
lat, 54°,28'N, •

102

BER

Bergen, p-t Genesee co, N, Y, 14 m, N. E. Ba
tavia, Bergen, co, N, J, on the Hudson opposite New-
York, Pop, 16,603, Chief t, Hackensac,
Bergen, t. Bergen co. N. J. 3 ra. W. New- York ;
Pop. 2,690. Here is an acaderay. Bergen neck is
the peninsula extending from Bergen S.6 miles, be
tween New- York bay on the E, and Newark bay :
the estuary of the Hackensac and Passaic, on the W.
and is divided by a strait on the S. from Staten Isl
and. Bergenhuus, province, Norway, bounded N, by
Drontheim, E,by Aggerhuus, S, by Christiansand,
and W. by the German ocean. The capital is
Bergen. Bergen-op-Zoom, or Berg-op-Zoom, t. and fort,^
Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant, near the East
Scheldt, with which it has communication by a
canal. 18 m. N. N. W. Antwerp. Lon. 4° 8' E,
lat. 51° 32' N. Pop. 4,800.
Bergerac, t. France, in Dordogne ; on the river
Dordogne. Pop. about 8,600. It -was one of the
principal strong-holds of the Huguenots. 48 m.
E, Bordeaux,
Bergheim, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 5 m, S,
W. Schelestat
Bergoo, territory in the \ interior of Africa,
bounded E, by Darfur,W,by Begherme, aud N, by
Bornou, to which it is tributary,
Berg-ReiehensteinrKaschperschbe-Hory, mining
t, Bohemia, 20 m, W. Prachatitz, Lon. 13° 26'
E. lat 49° 6'N.
Bergues St Winoe, t. France, in North, on the
Colme, between Dunkirk and Mont-Cassel, Pop.
5,100, 6 m, S, Dunkirk,
Bergzabem, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the
Rhine, 6 m, S, S. W, Landau,, Lon, 8° E, lat,
49° 6' N, Pop, 2,000,
Berhampore, fort, Bengal, 5 ra, frora Moorshe-
dabad, Berimgon. See Beering's Island.
Berka, t Saxony, 9 ra, N, Eisenbach,
Berkhamstead, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 9 m. S.
W. St, Albans. Pop, 1,963,
Berkley, t.Eng, Gloucestershire, on the Little
Avon, Berkley, p-t. Bristol co. Mass, on Taunton river,
opposite Taunton, at the head of sloop navigation ;
36 m, S, Boston, Pop, 1,014,
Berkley, or Sandtown,v. Gloucester co, N, J,
14 m. fr. Philadelphia,
Berkley, oo. Va. on the Potomac, W, of the
Blue ridge; Pop, 11,479. Slaves, 1,529. Chief
t. Martinsburg. Berkley's Sound, N, W, coast of America, 70
ra, S, E, Nootka Sound,
Berkley springs, p-v, Berkley co, Va, on the Po
tomac, 110 m, above Washington, The waters of
the springs are warm, and though weakly mineral
ized are rauch resorted fo, being in a populous
country and provided wiUi accoramodations for
visitors, Berks, or Berkshire, co, Eng, bounded N, by
Oxford and Buckingham, E. by Surrey, S, by
Hampshire, and W, by Wiltshire, It contains
476,160 acres, or nearly 744 square miles. Pop
ulation in 1811, 118,277 ; families, 25,051 of
which number, 13,409 were engaged in agricul
ture, and 7,584 in commerce,
Berks, CO, Pa, on the SchuylkiU ; Pop, 43,146,
Chief t, Reading,
^Berkshire, p-t, Franklin co, Vt, on the Missisque
river, 39 m. N, Burlington. Pop, 918,

BER
Berkshire, eo. Mass, the W, pautof the State ;
Pop, 35,907. Chief t Lenox. It is (*ssed from N.
to S, by the Green Mountains, QuM-ries, of mar
ble are opened in Stockbridge, Sheffield, Lanesbo-
rough and other places.
Berkshire, p-t Broome co. N. Y. 160 m. W, S.
W. Albany, Pop, 1,105.
Berkshire, p-t. Delaware co. Ohio, 10 m. E;
Delaware, 23 N. Columbus.
Berkshire valley, p-v. Morris co. N. J.
Berlaimont, t. France, in North, 6 m. N. W.
Avesnes. Berleburg, t. Prussian grand duchy of the Low
er Rhine, on the Berlenbach, 20 m, N, W. Mar
burg, 70 E, Cologne, ' '
Berlin, the capital of the Prussian states, is on.
the Spree, in the Middle Mark of Brandenburg,
and is one of the most beautiful cities of Europe.
The circumference of its walls and pallisades is 11
railes, and the entrance is through 15 gates. The
streets are for the most part broad and straight,
and the squares regular and spacious. The popu
lation made a rapid progress during the last cen
tury. In 1661 it was only 6,500, while in 1803 it
was 153,000. Berlin is indebted for its chief em
belUshments to the celebrated Frederick II. who
is supposed to have expended yearly in the im
provement of this city 400,000 doUars. The city
is made up of 5 distinct towns. I. Berlin Proper.
Among the remarkable buildings in this part of
the city are the governor's house, and the council
chamber; the royal arsenal, from which tiie
whole Prussian army is supplied with clothing ;
Frederick's hospital, in which above 800 chUdren
are gratuitously educated, II. Coin, or Cokgne
on the Spree. The most remarkable edifice here
is the royal castie, 430 feet in length, and 276 in
breadth. In it is the kill's Ubrary, which con
tains upwards of 200,000 volumes, and receives a
frequent increase, as two copies of every new
book must be deposited in it by the pubUshers.
III. Frederiekswerder, or Frederick's Island, con
taining the medical coUege, the old custom-house,
the old mint, the royal arsenal and foundery, the
stamp-office, &c. IV. Dorothcenstadt, or New
Town, containing among others the royal acade
my of sciences, -with its elegant haU, Ubrary, and
cabinet of medals, the observatory, the anatomical
theatre, &c. V. Frederickstadt, the largest of the
5 towns. Here are situated the principal courts
of law, the porcelain manufactory, the magnifi
cent palace of tiie grand master of the order of
Malta, &c. The principal manufactures of Ber
lin, are in silk, serge, fustian, muslin, camlets,
and other woollen, linen, and cotton stuffs ; also
stockings, carpets, embroidery, jewellery, bronze,
iron and steel, black and white lead, borax, vitri-'
ol, dye-stuffs (particularly Prussian blue,) tobac
co, -wax, starch, powder, soap, leather, hats,
clocks and watches,
Berlin was taken by the Austrians and Russians
in 1760, and was occupied by Bonaparte in 1806,
after the battle of Jena. 25 m, E. Brandenburg,
45 N. ¦# Frankfort on Uie Oder, 75 S. W. Stettin,
300 N. by W. Vienna. Lon. 13° 22" E. lat 52°
31'46"N. Berlin, t. Washington co, Vt on Onion river,
opposite MontpeUer ; Pop. 1,067,
Berlin, t. Worcester co. Mass, 14 m, N. E.
Worcester, 34 W , Boston ; Pop. 691.
Berlin, p-t, Hartford co, Ct 11 m. S, Hartford,
23 N, New-Haven ; Pop, 2,798. R is the princi
pal seat of the tin-manufacture ; the tin-ware if

BER

BER

103

sold by the pedlars in aU parts of the United States,
and in Florida, Louisiana and Canada.
Berlin, t Rensselaer co. N. Y. 32 m, E, Albany,
19 S, E, Troy. Pop, 3,012,
Berlin, p-t, Adams co. Pa, on Cone-waga creek,
13 i;i, W, York, 100 W, Philadelphia. .
Berlin, p-t Somerset co. Pa, 25 m. W. Bedford,
Pop, 330,
Berlin, p-t, Huron co, Ohio,
Berlinchen, t. of the Prussian states, in the New
Mark of Brandenburg, 36 ra, N, N, E, Custrin,
80E,N,E, Berlin.
Berlinsville, p-v. Northampton co. Pa,
Bermuda hundred, Chesterfield co, Va, a small
viUage on the point of land at the confluence of the
Appomattox with James river. On this peninsula,
2 ra,'S, W, of the viUage is City-point, which see,
Bermudas, or Somers' Islands, a cluster.of small
islands in the Atlantic ocean, in number about
400, but for the most part so smaU and barren,
that they have neither inhabitants nor narae, 200
leagues distant from Cape Hatteras, in N- Caro
lina, which last is the nearest land to them. They
extend from N. E.to S. W. about 46 miles. Their
whole coast is surrounded with rocks. The north
point of the islands lies in lat. 32° 34' N. lon. 63° 28'
W. The largest of these islands are St George,
which is 1 6mileslong, and 2 broad; St David, Coop
er, Ireland, Somerset, Long island. Bird island, and
Nonesuch. On the first there is a town, contain
ing 500 houses ; the two foUowing have some vil
lages, and throughout the others there are only
scattered farms. The winter is hardly percepti
ble here. The fields aud trees are clad in perpet
ual green, and so salubrious is the air, that inva
lids- frequentiy come hither for the recovery of
their health. But these advantages are counter
balanced by tempests of thunder and Ughtning, to
gether with hurricanes, which are at times tre
mendous. The Bermudas contain frora 10,000 to
12,000 acres of poor land, of which nine parts in
ten are either uncultivated or reserved in woods
for the supplying of tiraber for building smaU
ships, sloops, and shaUpps for sale ; this j^eing the
principal employment of the inhabitants. Pop, es
timated at 6,462 wliites, 4,919 blacks. They
have two harvests of Indian com in the year, one
in July, the other in December. They likewise
cultivate tobacco, legumes, and fruit sijfficient for
their wants. The imports in 1809 amounted to
1 1,648/. and the exports to 34,279/.
Bern, or Berne, a canton of Switzerland, for
merly ihe largest in the repubUc. Its present
boundaries are Uri, Unterwalden, and Lucerne
on the E. Aargau and Solothurn on the N. the
Jura mountains, Fribourg, and Vaud on the W.
and the Valais on the S. It comprehends 3,872
square miles, and 215,000 inhabitants.
Bern, the capital of the canton of Berne, stands
on the decUvity ofa hill near the Aar, which wash
es three sides of the town. It is large, and in part
fortified. The scenery of the environs is very ro
mantic. It was taken by the French in 1798, af
ter several bloody skirmishes. 50 m. S. W. Zu
rich, 75 N. E. Geneva. Lon. 7° 26' E. lat 46°
56' 55" N, Pop, 13,340.
Bern, p-t. Albany co. N. Y, 20 ra. W. Albany,
14 from Schoharie, Pop, 5,135.
Bern, t. Berks co. Pa, 14 m, N. W. Reading.
Bern, t Fairfield co, Ohio, ou the Hockhocking, .
3 m. W, Lancaster.
Bernang, or Bernegg, district and v. Switzer
land,, in St Gall, 8 m. E, N, E. Appenzel.

Bernard's Castk. See Barnard's.
Bemardston, p-t. FrankUn co. Mass. 5 m. N.
Greenfield. Bemardstown, t. Somerset co. N. J. Pop. 1,876.
Bernau, t, Prussia, in the Middle Mark of Bran
denburg, 14 ra, N. E, Beriin, Pop. 1,600.
Bernau, t. Bavaria, 28 m, N. E, Amberg.
Bernaville, t France, in Somrae, 15 m, N, A-
miens, Bemay, t, France, in Eure, Pop, 6,470, 28
m, W, N, W, Evreux,
Bernburg, a portion of the principality of An
halt, in Germany, containing 330 square miles,
with 36,000 inhabitants, and yielding a revenue
of upwards of 200,000 dollars, Bemberg the
chief town ia on the Saale,20 m, W. Dessau, 24
S. Magdeburg. Lon. 1 1° 52' E. Lat. 61° 50' N.
Bemcastel, t Prussian states, in Lower Rhine,
on the Moselle, 18 m, E, N, E, Treves,
Beme. See Bern.
Berneck, t Bavaria, 8 m. N. N. E. Bayreuth.
Bemer's Bay, on the N. W. coast of America,
between Point Bridget and Point St, Mary, Lat
58° 434' N,
Bernier's Island, on the W, coast of New Hol
land, Lat. 24° 50' S,
Bernstadt, t Silesia, on the Weida, 20 m, E.
Breslau, Bernstadt, t. Saxony, 9 m, S, W. GorUtz, Lon.
14° 54' E. Lat, 61° 2' N,
Berre, t. Franqe, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 16
m, N. W. Marseilles.
Berry, before the revolution, a province of
France, bounded S. by La Marche, W. by Tour-
aine and Poitou, N, by Blaisois, Sologne, Orlean-
nois proper, and Gatinois, and E, by Nivernois
and Bourbonnois.
Berry-hill-bluff, p-v. Putnam co, Geo,
Berryslick, p-v, Logan co. Ken.
Berrysvilk, p-v. Charles co. Md,
Berrysvilk, p-v, Mecklenburg co, N, C,
Bersch, t, France, 16 m. W. Strasburg.
Bersehete, t. Austrian empire, on the Adriatic,
38 m. S. E. Trieste. Lat 46° 27' N.
Bersel, t Turkey, in Marasch, on Uie Euphra
tes, 60 ra. S, Malatia.
Bersello, t Italy, in Reggio, on the Po, 10 ra. N,
E.Parma. Berthier, v. and seigniory, Warwick co. Lowei-
Canada, on the N. shore of tiie St Lawrence, 46
ra, N. E. Montreal, 50 S. W. Three-Rivers. The
village contains at least 80 houses, and many
granaries, and store-houses of British manufac
tured goods. The neighbouring country is thriv
ing andtpopulous, and from it large quantities of
grain are annually exported. Pop, oftlie seigniory,
6,000. . ,
Berthier, seigniory, Hertford co. Lower Cana
da, on the S. side of the St, Lawrence, 25 ra, E.
Quebec, Bertie, t. Lincoln co. Up, Canada, on Lake
Erie at its eastern extremity, having Niagara riv
er on the east
Bertie, co,N. C. on the Roanoke, at its entrance
into Albemarle Sound. Pop, 11,218, Slave?.
. 6,059. Chief t Windsor,
Bertincourt, t, France, in Pas-de-Calais,
Bertinoro, t Italy, States of Uie Church, 15 in ,
S, Ravenna, Lat. 44° 9' N.
Bertiola, s-p, Brazil, 15 m. S. St, Sebastian,
Bervie, or Inverbervie, t Scotlaud, Kincardint-
shire, on the sea-coast, 13 m. N. E. iVIontrose.
Berwick, a county of Scotland, boiiiidod N, Vr"

104

B E S

Haddington, E.by the German ocean, VV. by Mid
Lothian, and S. by Roxburghshire and the Tweed.
It contains about 446 square mUes, or 285,440
English acres, of which upwards of 100,000 are
arable, and 185,000 are in hill and pasture. The
population in 1811 was 30,779 ; faraiUes, 6,867, 6f
whora 3,124 were engaged in agriculture, and
3,013 in commerce.
Berwick-upon-Tweed, t and county in itself, on
the N. side of the Tweed, within half a mile of its
confluence with the German ocean. It formerly
belonged to Scotland, and was the chief town iu
the county of Berwick, and the theatre of many
sanguinary conflicts between the English and
Scottish armies. It was finally ceded to England
in 1502 ; and by a treaty between Edward VI.
and Mary queen of Scotland, it was declared to be
a free town, independent of both states. Many
privileges still remain, peculiar to the town and
its liberties. Its chief trade consists in exporting
eom, pork, eggs, and salmon. The salmon fishe
ry employs about 70 boats and 300 men. The
Berwick smacks that sail between London and
that town, have long been famed for their accom
modation, safety, and expeditious sailing, and
for many years engrossed the carrying trade for
the Eastern district of Scotland. Pop, 7,746. 336
ra, N. W. London, 64 S, E, Edinburgh,
Berwick, North, t. Scotiand, Haddington co, on
the Frith of Forth, 22 ra, E, Edinburgh, Pop,
1,727, Berwick, t. York co, Maine, on Salmon-fall
river, 14 m, N, W, York.
Berwick, South, p-t. York co, Maine, on Sal
mon-fall river, 12 m, N. W, York, 17 N. by W,
Portsmouth. Pop, in 1810, 4,455, At the land
ing at the foot of the falls is a flourishing village,
Berwick, p-t Columbia co. Pa. on the E, branch
of the Susquehannah, opposite the falls in Nesco-
peck creek, 224 ra, above Sunbury,
Berwick. See .4bbotstown.
Besagno, r. Italy, runs into the gulf of Genoa.
Besalu, t Spain,in Catalonia, 15 ra, N. Gero
na. Besancon, a large, ancient, and well built city,
France, formerly capital of Franche Comte, now
of the department of the Doubs. It is on the
Doubs, which nearly surrounds it. It was strong
ly fortified by Louis XIV. Its citadel is on a sharp
rock, 66 m. E. Dijon, 235 S, E, , Paris. Lon. 6°
2' 45" E. Lat 47° 13' 45" N. Pop. 28,200.
Besborough Island, in Norton-Sound, on the N.
W. coastof America. Lat. 64° 10' N.
Beschtan, or the Five-Mountains, Asia, in Cau
casus, the most northern range of the Caucasian
chain. There is an establishment of British mis
sionaries at its base, over which a native of Scot
land presides ; and there is a printing press be
longing to it, from whence many religious tracts,
in the Eastern languages, have issued. 30 ra. fr.
Georgiefsk. Bescon, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 74 m.
W. Angers.
Besigheim, t. Wirtemburg, at the influx of the
Enz into the Neckar, 23 ra. N, Stutgard.
Besor, in Sac. Geog. brook, in the S. W, part of
Palestine, runs into the Mediterranean, N. of
Gaza, Besos, r, Spain, falls into the Mediterranean,
near Barcelona.
Bessan, t, France, in Herault, 10 ra, E. Beziers,
Bessarabia, or Budziac Tartary, province, Rus
sia, on the Black Sea, between the Danube and

BET
the Dneister, It was forraerly in the hands of tiie
Turks, but in 1812 was ceded to Russia, The
Budziac Tartars formerly inhabited this country,
but many of them have emigrated to the banks ol
the Kuban.
Bessastader, t, Iceland, on a peninsula, on the
W, coast,
Bessau, s-p. W. Africa, on the Grain coast
Lon. 9° 40' W. Lat 5° 50' N.
Besse, t France, in Puy-de-Dome, 24 m. S". '
Clermont-Ferrand ,
Besse, t. France, in Var, 18 m. N. E. Toulon.
Besse-Courtenvaux, t. France, in Sarthe, 3 m. S.
St, Calais.
Bessines, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 18 m. N.
Limoges,- Pop. 2,510.
Betah, in Sac. Geog. t Syria, province of Syria-
zobah. Betamore Head, cape, on the W. coast of Skye.
Lon. 6° 43' W. Lat 67° 26' N.
Betanzos, the Fbwium Brigantium, or Flavio-
briga of the Romans, t Spain, in Galicia, 7 m. S,
E, Coruuna.
Beteskoe, t Siberia, on the Irtisch, 230 m. S. E,
Tobolsk. Bethabam, in Sac. Geog. the same as Bethany.
According to others, a place on the E. side of the
Jordan at the outiet of the sea of Tiberias, N. JT.
E. Jerusalem.
Bethabara, Moravian settiements, Stokes co.
N. C. 4 m. S. E. Bethany.
Bethany, v. Palestine. Here is shown a grotto
which is pretended to be the sepulchre of Laza
rus. It is 3 m. S. Jerusalem. Another, 15 m. N.
Jerusalem. Bethany, p-t Genesee co. N. Y. 6 m. S. Batavia.
Bethany, p-t, and cap. Wayne co. Pa. 50 m. N.
E. Wilkesbarre.
Bethany, p-t. Stokes co. N. C. settied by Mora
vians, 9 m. N. W. Salem, It contains about 60
houses. See Wachovia.
Bethany, a settlement in S. Africa, in Great
Namaquiland, formerly caUed KUp fountain, 55
m. N, of the Great river , about 560 fr. Cape
town. The London Society has a missionary
here. Beth-aven, in Sac, Geog. t in Uie tribe of Ben
jamin, near Bethel, called by the prophet Hosea
Bethel, i. e. idolatrous,
Bethbara, in Sac. Geog. See Bethabara.
Bethel, in Sac. Geog. at first called Luz, city^ 10
m. N. Jerusalem, 1 W, Ai.
Bethel, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on the Andros
coggin, 18 m. N. W, Paris. Pop. 975.
Bethel, t Windsor co. Vt 29 m. N. W. Wind
sor. Pop. 1,041.
Bethel, p-t. SulUvan co. N. Y. on Delaware riv
er, W. of Thompson. Pop. 733.
Bethel, t Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,095.
Bethel, t. Berks co. Pa,
Bethel, t Deja-ware co. Pa. Pop," 299.
Bethel, t Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 2,091,
Bethel, p-t Clermont co. Ohio, 7 m, S. Wil
liamsburg, Pop. in 1815, 100,
Bethel, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 810.
Bethelsdorp, a Hottentot settlement, in S. Africa,
about 500 miles east of Cape-town. It consists of
about 1200 persons. The Missionaries of the
London Society have labored here since 1 802, and
with great success. Hundreds of Hottentots
have been converted to Christianity, and their
improvement in civilization is great. They now
practice no less than 16 trades.

BET

B E W

Betltesda, in Sac, Geog, a pool near the temple
at Jerusalem, with a building erected upon it. It
is said to be now 120 paces long, 40 broad, and 8
deep, but empty of -water,
Bethesda, a settlement in S, Africa, on the great
Orange river, formerly called Orlam's Kraal,
about 700 miles from Cape town. The Londou
Society has a missionary here.
Beth-horon, in Sac. Geog. t in the tribe of
Ephraim. Bethoron, the lower, t. also in the
tribe of Ephraim, on the confines of the tribe of
-Benjamin. It is on a hill, and the road leading to
it so narrow, that 2 camels cannot go abreast.
Beth-jesimoth, in Sac. Geog. city of the Reu-
benites, not far from the Dead sea, E. of Jordan,
10 m. S. Jericho.
Bethlehem, t. Palestine, on a mountain covered
with vines and oUves, 6 m, S, Jerusalem, It is
remarkable as the birth place of Christ. The
manger wherein he was laid, is pretended to be
shown. The convent over it is a solid stone struc
ture, and includes three reUgious houses, for
Franks, Greeks, and Armenians, Bethlehem
contains at present about 500 faraiUes.
Bethlehem, p-t. Northarapton co. Penn. on the
Lehigh, 12 m. S, W, Easton, 63 N. Philadelphia,
Pop, 1,436, It is a settiement of the Moravians
or United Brethren, The situation is healthful
and pleasant, and in summer is frequented by
gentry from different parts . There are two board
ing schools, one for young ladies, and the other for
boys, which are in high repute, and receive many
scholars from New York, Philadelphia, and other
parts of the United States,
Bethlehem, t. Grafton co, N, H, 69 m, N, Con
cord. Pop, 422.
Bethlehem, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
8 m. below Albany. Pop. 4,430.
Bethlehem, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. on a branch
of the Rarita^ Pop. 1,738,
Bethlehem, East, t. Washington co. Pa. on the
Monongahela. Pop. 1,849.
Bethlehem, Stark co. Ohio, Pop. in 1819, 460,
Bethlehem, p-v, Clarke co, Indiana,
Bethlehem's creek, or Vlaman's kill, N. Y. runs
into the H udson, 7 m. below Albany.
Bethlehem-cross-roads, p-v. Southampton co, Va.
Bethlem, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct 9 m. S, Litch
field, 32 N. N. W, New Haven, Pop. 1,118.
Bethnall, or Bednall-Green, parish, Eng, ad
joining London.
Beih-phage, in Sac. Geog, a tract of land on
Mount Olivet, 2 ra, E. Jerusalem.
Bethsaida, in Sac. Geog. the name of two pla
ces mentioned in the Bible : Bethsaida of Galilee,
on the W. side of the sea of Tiberias, near Ca
pernaum; and Bethsaida, on the E. side of the
same sea, at the influx of the Jordan.
Bethshean, in Sac. Geog. t in the tribe of Ma
nasseh, W. of the Jordan, 60 m. N. E. Jerusalem,
afterwards called Scythopolis.
Bethshemesh, in Sac, Geog. t belonging to the
Levites, in the tribe of Judah, near the borders
of the Philistines, W. of Kirjath-jearira ; another,
in the tribe of Naphtali ; another in Issachar or
Zebulon ; another, the same as On, or Heliopolis,
in Egypt.
Beth-tappuah, in Sac. Geog. the name of two
towns mentioned in the Bible : one in the tribe of
Judah; the other, on the borders of the tribes of
Ephraim and Maiiasaeh,
Beth-Mie, t France, in Pas-de-Calais. Pop. 14

about 7,000. 20 ra, N. W. Arras, 134 N. Pari?.
Lon. 2° 44' E, Lat 50° 32' N,
Beth-zur, in Sac, Geog, t, on the mountains in
the tribe of Judah, between Jerusalem and He
bron, Belley, t. Eng, in Staffordshire, 4 m. fr. Newcas-
Ue-under-Line. Betlis, t. A. Turkey, near Lake Van, 100 m. N.
Mosul, 110 E, Diarbekir. 'The population of the
town and neighbouring villages is computed at
26,000 Kurds, Turks, Armenians, and Syrians.
Lon. 42° 31' E. Lat 37° 46' N.
Bettenhu'usen, v. Germany, in Saxe-Meiningen,
6 m, W. Meiningen. Pop. 6,520,
Bettenhoven, t, Prussian states, in Lower Rhine,
8 m. E. Juliers.
Bettiah, district. Hind, in Bahar, between lat,
27° and 28° N. bounded W. by the river Gun-
duck, E, by the district of Tyrhoot. Bettiah city
is the capital, Lon, 84° 26' E, Lat 27° 3' N.
Betton's Island, in the Pacific, nearthe coast of
ReviUa-Gigedo. Lon, 228° 28' E, Lat 55° 21' N.
Bettooriah, district, Hind, in Bengal, 100 mijes
long by about 20 broad, ou the N. E. bank of the
Ganges, Beiisburg, p-v. in Jerusalem, Chenango co.
N.Y.
Betz, t France, in Oise, 13 m, S. E. Senlis.
Betzkow, t. Hungary, 18 ra. W. "Topoltzan.
Bevagna, t. Pope's dominions, in the , duchy of
Spoleto, 15 m. N. W. Spoleto.
Beveland, North and South, two islands of Neth
erlands, in Zealand, formed by the branches of
the Scheldt
Bever, r. Hanover, falls into the Ems, between
West Bevem and Munster.
Beceren, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, 15 m. N.
N. E. Dendermonde. Pop, 4,930,
Beverley, t Eng. in Yorkshire. Its principal
trade is. in com and coal. 9 m. N, W, Hull, 30
E, S. E. York, 128 N. London, Pop. 6,035.
Beverly, t. York co. Upper Canada, S, W, York.
Beverly, p-t Essex co. Mass. 14 ra. N. Salem,
16 nv N, N. E. Boston, Pop. 4,608, It is con
nected with Salera by a handsome bridge, 1500
feet long. It has a bank ; and 4 meeting-houses :
3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists. TThe
inhabitants are extensively engaged in the fislie-
ries. /
Beverly, p-t, and cap. Randolph co. Va. 264 m,
N. W. Richmond.
Bevem, t. Germany, in the duchy of Bruna,-
wick, 20 m. W, Eimbeck. Pop. 1,050,
Beverungen, t. Prussian states, in the princi
pality ofKPaderborn, oo the 'Weser, at the influx
of the Bever, 24 m, S. E, Paderborn,
Beverwyck, v, Netherlands, 9 ra, N. Haarlem.
Bevilacqua, t. Italy, in Verona, 28 m. S. W.
Padua. Bevry, t France, in Pas-de-Calais.
Beutelspach, t. Wirtemberg, 8 m. S. E. Stut
gard. Pop. 1,560. .
Beuthen, Upper, t, of the Prussian states, in Si
lesia, 40 m. S. E. Oppeln. Lon. 18° 53' E. Lat
60° 18'N. Pop. 1,900.
Beuthen, Lower, t Silesia, on the Oder, 13 m,
W, N.W, Great Glogau, Pop, 2,730. Lbn. 15°
50' E. Lat 51° 42' N.
Beutschea, t Prassian states, in the grand
duchy of Posen, 44 m. W, Posen,
Beuzevilk, v, France, in Eure, 38 ra. N. W.
Evreux, Bewdley, t. Eng.inWereester,9Wre,ontlae Sev-

106

B I C

"em, 33 m. W, Kidderminster, 14 N. Worcester,
Pop. 3,454, „ „ „,
Bex, V. Switzerland, in Vaud, 43 m. S. S. W.
Bern. Beyenfleth, v. Denmark, in the duchy of Hol
stein, 5 m. N. W. Gluckstadt
Beyhar, t Bengal, cap. of Cooch Behar, on the
banks of Uie Torssha, in lat 26° 18' N. lon. 89°
22' E.
Beyla, v. Africa, 60 m. N. E. Sennaar.
Beypour, t. Hind, on the coast of Malabar, 16
m. S. Calicut
Beyramitch, city, Asia Minor, cap. of Troas,
60 m, fr, the DardaneUes'.
Bezek, in Sac. Geog. t S. of Bethlehem.
Beziers, t, France, on the canal of Languedoc.
Pop. 12,600. 14 ra. N. E. Narbonne, 38 S. W.
MontpeUer. Besoara, t Hind, on the Krishna, 16 ra. S. E.
Condapilly. Bhadrinath, t. Hind, in Serinaghur, on the W.
bank of the Alcanunda river. The concourse of
persons is said to be annually 50,000, who make
U^ir offerings at the shrine of the temple here.
Lon, 79° 38' E. Lat 30° 43' N,
Bhatgong, city. Hind, in Nepaul. It contains
12,000 houses of brick, and is the residence and
seat of learning of the Brahmins of Nepaul.
Bhurtpore, t. Hind, in Agra, cap. of the Jaut
chief. Lon, 77° 28' E, Lat 27° 13' N.
Biafara, district, Africa, S. E. of Benin.
Biafaras. See Bissagos.
Biala, r. separates Bilitz, in Austrian Silesia,
from Galicia, and falls into the Vistula; another,
runs into the Dunajetz.
Biala, t. Austrian empire, in Galicia, 16 m, N,
E. Fescher. Pop. 2,720.
Biala, t. in the kingdom of Poland, 16 ra, S. W.
Brzesc. Pop. 2,720,
Bialocerkiev, t. Russia, 60 m. S. S. W. Kiev,
Lon. 30° 10' E. Lat 49° 44' N.
Bialogrod, t. Russia, in Wilna, 8 m, S, E. Lida,
Bialykamen,^ t. Austria, in Galicia, near the
source of the Bug, 25 ra. E. N. E. Lemberg.
Bialystock, t, Russia, in Grodno, 24 m, N. Bi
elsk. Lon. 22° 30' E. Lat 53° 2'N. Pop. 5,000.
Biana, ancient city of Hind, iu Agra, Lon, 77°
16' E, Lat, 26° 56' N.
Bianco, isl. in the Adriatic, near the coast of
Istria. Lon. 13° 39' E, Lat, 45° 16' N.
Bianco, Lo, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 12 ra,
N. E. Eova.
Biantrate, t. Piedmont, 6 ra. N. W, Novara.
Bibbiena, t- Tuscany, 15 m. N. Arezzo, 26 E.
Florence. Biber, r. Suabia, falls into the Danube, near
Leipheim. Biberach, t in Wirtemberg, in the district of
the Danube, in a fertile and agreeable valley on
the river Riess. It is not fortified, but has suf
fered severely in the wars of the 17th and 18th
centuries. ' 18 m. S. S. E. Ulm, 48 W. S. W.
Augsburg. Lon. 9° 47' E, Lat, 48° 7'N. Pop. 4,350.
Biberbach, t. Bavaria, in the circle of the Upper
Danube, 9 m.fr, Augsburg. Pop. 1,200.
Biberist, v, Switzerland, in Solothurn.
Biberstein, t. Switzerland, in Bern.
Bibiana, v. Piedmont, near Luoerna.
Bic, seigniory, Com'walUs co. Lower Canada,
on the S, side of the St. Lawrence, 153 m, below
Quebec, Bicaneer, distriot, liind, in Ajmeer, between
lat 28° and 30° N, apt! lon. 72° and 75° E.

B 1 G
Bicester, t, Eng, Oxfordshire, 68 m, W. N.l*.
London. Pop, 1,921,
Bichao, r. falls into the Orinoco from the W,
near the falls of Atures.
Bickerstaff, t Eng. Lancashfre, 3 m.fr. Ormskirk,
Bickerton's, or Lattai Island, in the Pacific.
Lon, 174° 48' W. Lat, 18° 47' S.
Bicoeca, v. Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, 2 m.
N. E. Milan,
Bidache, t France, 16 m. E. Bayonne. Pop.
2,020. Bidassoa, r. separates Spain from France ; and
falls into the bay of Biscay, between Andaye and
Fontarabia. Biddeford, s-p. York co. Maine, on Saco river,
opposite Saco, 28 m. N. E. York. Pop. 1,563.
Biddk Lake, the S. W. head of Bighorn river.
Bideford, s-p. Eng. Devonshire, 9 m. fr. Barn
staple. Pop. 3,244.
Bidourk, r. France, faUs into the Mediterra
nean, E. of MontpeUer.
Bidouse, r. France, rans into the Adour, near
Bayonne. Bidumi, district, Syria, bounded N. by Pales
tine, W. by Egypt, and E. and S. by Arabia.
Biedenkopf, t. of the grand duchy of Hesse, 15
m, N. W. Marburg. Pop. 2,600.
Bieka, or Crab, one of the Virgin islands, 9 m.
E. S. E. Porto-Rico. Lon. 66° 15' W. Lat 18° N.
Bielefeld, t. of the Prussian states, in the prov-.
ince of Westphalia. The chief trade is in linen.
22 m. N. Lippstadt, 25 E, Munster. Lon. 8° 27'
E, Lat, 51° 63' N.
Bielew, t Russia, on the Oka, 65 m, W. S. W.
Thoula. Bielgorod, t. Russia, in Kursk, 68 m. S. S. W,
Kursk, Lon. 35° 54' E. Lat 50° 66' N.
Biella, or Bioglio, t Piedmont, 24 m. N. W,
Vercelli, 36 N.N, E. Turin. Pop, 8,260.
Bieloi, isl, Russia, in the sea of Karskoe. Lon.
69° 14' E. Lat 73° 40' N.
Bidoi, t. Russia, in Smolensko, 60 m. N. N. E,
Smolensko. Bielo-Osero, lake, Russia, in Novgorod; the
Scheksna flows from it S. to the Volga.
Bielopolje, t Russia, in Charkov, 88 m. N. N-
W, Charkov. Pop. 9,05a
Bieksersk, t Russia, in Novgorod, on lake Bie-
lo-Ozero, 64 m. N. E. Vologda. Lon. 38° 14' E-
Lat. 59° 62 N. Pop. 2,800.
Bielsk, t. Russia, in Grodno, 108 m. E. N. E.
Warsaw. Lon. 23° 15' E. Lat 52° 40' N. Pop.
2,830. Bienne, or Biel, t. Switzerland, in Bern, 15 m.
N. W. Bern.
Bientina, t Tuscany, 15 m. E. Pisa.
Bierfliet, t. Netherlands, on an island in the
West Scheldt, 12 m. N. E. Sluys, 20 N. Ghent
Pop. 1,100.
Bierley, North, t Eng, Yorkshire, 2 m. from
Bradford. Pop, 4,766.
Biesbosch, a lai^e lake or arm of the sea, be
tween Dort and Gertruydeuburg, in S. HoUand,
which was formed in the year 1421, by the burst
ing of the dykes.
Biersenlhall, t Prussia, 18 ra. N. E. Berlin.
Pop. 1,000.
Bietigheim, t, Wirteraberg, at the confluence of
the Metter and the Enz. 15 m. N. Stutgard.
Pop. 2,200.
Bifemo, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of VenicCj
near Termoli.
Bigbay-setlkmenif p-v. Johnson co. IlUnob.

B I K
Bigbeaver creek. See Malioning.
Bigblack, r. Missisippi, runs S, W. 170 miles,
and faUs into the Missisippi at the Great Gulf;
50 m, above Natchez. It is navigable, in wet sea
sons, 70 miles.
Bigblue, r. Indiana, runs into the Ohio, about 16
m. W. Corydon.
Bigbone creek. Ken. runs N. into the Ohio in
Boone co. Big-bone-Licks is 8 railes above its
mouth, and is a tract of land on each side of the
river, furrowed by the tongues of the buffaloes
and deer, who link it for the salt with which it is
impregnated. Bones were found here, [among
them a thigh-bone 49 inches long,] of some animal,
inferred to be 5 or 6 times larger than the elephant,
and to be carnivorous, from an examination of the
tusks. In Yale college, Connecticut, a tooth of
the animal is deposited.
Big-dry, r. North-America, runs info the Mis
souri, 150 ra. above the YeUow Stone,
Big.flais, p-v; in Elmira, Tioga co, N. Y.
Bighorn' River, North America, rises in the
Rocky mountains, near the sources of the Platte,
andfaUs into the YeUow Stone, at Manuel's fort.
Its length is 8(X) miles. In its course it receives
two considerable rivers, one from the W. and
one from the S. caUed littie Bighorn river. It is
unobstructed by faUs, and is na-rigable to a great
distance in canoes, through a rich open counti-y.
Biggar, t Scotiand, in Lanark, 27 ra. S, W,
Edinburgh. Pop, 1,376.
Biggleswade, t. Eng. in Bedfordshire, on the
Ivel, which is navigable to this place. 45 m. N.
London. Pop, 1,895.
Big-lUk, p-v. Botetourt co, Vaf.
Bigprairie, t. New Madrid co, Missouri.
Bigriver, t. St Genevieve co. Missouri,
Bigriver, t, Jefferson co. Missouri.
Bigrock, t Arkansaw territory, extends 80 mUes
along Arkansaw river.
Big-Sandy, creek, Geo. runs into the Oconee,
about 20 miles above Dublin.
Big Sandy, r. rises in the Alleghany mountains,
near the heads of the Tennessee' and Cumberland
rivers, and falls into the Ohio between Virginia
and Kentucky. It is the boundary bet-ween
these States for nearly 200 miles. It is "nav
igable to the Wascioto mountains. The east
branch joins the South or main stream 40 raUes
above its entrance into the Ohio. The mouth of
Little Sandy river is 20 mUes below that of Big
Sandy. Big Scioia, r. falls into the Missouri from the
north, 882 railes above its mouth.
Big springs, p-v. Washington co, Md.
Big-Muddy-creek, p-v. Randolph co. Illinois.
Biguba, a small kingdom of West Africa, on the
Rio Grande,
Big-Walnut, creek, Ohio, runs into the E. side
of the Scioto, 12 m. below Columbus,
Bihar, a county of Hungary, bordering upon
Transylvania on the east
Bija,r. Russia, issues from the lake Teletskoi,
in Kolhyvane, and joining the Katunia at Kafun-
skaia, is caUed the Ob, or Oby,
Bijaghur, fort, Hind, in Allahabad. Lon. 83°
10'E.Lat24°37'N. Bijore, a small Afghan district, in Cabul.
Bijore, cap. Bijore district, 56 m. frora the riv
er Indus, Lon, 70° 43' E. Lat, 34° 8' N,
Bijugas. See Bissagos.
Bikbulakova, t. Russia., in Upha, on the Ik, 80
a. N, E, Orenburg.

B I L

107

Bikillam, isl, in the Red sea, 24 m, from the
Arabian coast Latl6°18'N. "*
Bilboa, or Bilbao, t Spain, the capital of Biscay
proper, is ou the Ybaichalbal, 6 m. frora the sea.
It is vveU buUt, has a spacious harbour, aud 15,000
inhabitants. It carries on an extensive com
merce, the wool of Spain being mostly exported
through this channel to England, France, Hol
land, and other countries, while the whole of the
north of Spain is suppUed, through it, with foreign
merchandize. The imports are stock-fish, Baltic
hemp, materials for ship-building, ship stores,
coco-a, sugar, coffee, linen, English woollen manu
factures, drugs, French wines, &c. There are
generally imported about 160 owt of salt fish, and
6000 barrels of train oil. The number of vessels,
great and small, that visit the harbour yearly, is
between 500 and 600. 220 m, N, Madrid, Lon.
2° 42' W, Lat 43° 14' 16" N,
Biledulgerid, the usual narae given to an exten
sive region of Africa, situated immediately S, of
Algiers and Tunis. It forms the transition from the
fertileplainsofBarbaryjtotha,t desert of sand which
covers interior Africa. The only product is dates,
which supplies the inhabitants with food, aud ena
bles them, by exchange, to procure the .small
quantity of foreign commodities of which they
make use. These tribes are under a species of
nominal subjection to the neighbouring states of
Algiers and Tunis, though it scarcely amounts to
more thaif the payment of an annual tribute,
which some of them even refuse to pay.
Bilgam, s-p. on the S. W, coast of Ceylon Lone
80° 32' E. Lat 6° N.
Bilits, a small principality in Austrian Silesia,
on the borders of Poland. The town ol Bilitz is on
the river Bialy, 15 m. E. N, E. Teschen, Lon.
18° 59' E, Lat 49° 48' N.
Bill-Birds-Key, isl. in tho Spanish Main, on the
Mosquito shore. Lon. 82° 54' W. Lat 12° 16' N.
Bille, r. Germany, falls into the Elbe near Ham
burgh. Bilkniay, t. Eng. in Essex, 24 m. E. London.
Billerica, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 19 m. N.
Boston. Pop. 1,289.
Bilksdon, t. Eng. 8 m. E. Leicester.
Billeton, isl. between Sumatra and Borneo,
Lon. 108° E. Lat, 3° S.
Billigheim, t. of the Bavarian dominions, in the
circle of the Rhine, 4 m. S. Landau, 16 S. W.
Spires, Pop, 1,000,
Billington, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 ra. from
Blackburn, Billon, t. France, in Puy de Dorae, 12 m, E. S,
E, Clermont-Ferrand. Pop. 5,200.
Billounjah, district, Hind, in Gundwana. Lat.
24° and 25° N. Lon. 84° and 85° E.
Bills, rock in the Atlantic, near the W. coast of
Ireland. Lon, 10° 1' W. Lat, 53° 52' N.
Billimead, t Caledonia co, Vt 38 m, N. E.
MontpeUer. Pop, 433.
Bilma, a desert of Africa, between Bornou and
Fezzan. Caravans are ten days in crossing if.
Bilsah, t. Hind, in Mulwah, on the river Bet-
wah. Lon, 77° 50' E, Lat 23° 33' N.
Bilsen, t. Netherlands, 14 m, N. Liege, Pop.
1,950. BiUkoi, t. Siberia, on the Balaia,'90 ra, N. W.
Irkutsk. Bilstein, t, Prussian states, in the province of
Westphalia, 42, m. E. Cologne, Lon. 8° 8' E.
Lat 51° N.
Bilsion. t, Eng. in Staffordshire, Near it are val-

108

B I R

uable quanriesof free stone ; also productive mines
of coal ana ironstone, and furnaces are erected for
smelting iron ore. Here are manufactories for
japanned enamelled goods, and iron ware, lira,
N, W, Birmingham, 121 N. W. London. Pop,
9,646. Bilston, t Eng, in Suffolk, 9 m, from Ipswich,
11 N, E, Sudbury,
Bima, t. on the N, E. extremity of the island of
Sumbava, on a fine basin. The British have ap
pointed a resident here. LOn. 1 18° 61' E, Lat. 8°
24' S,
Bime, temple and fort, Hind, in Nagercote,
Lon. 75° 42' E, Lat 32° 20' N.
Bindni, one of the Bahama Isles. Lon, 79° 30'
W, Lat. 26° N. . ,
Bimlipatani, s-p. Hind, in the Northern Circars,
12 or 15 m, from Vizagapatam.
Bina, t Italy, on the Oglio, 10 m. N. E. Cre
mona. Binaros, s-p, Spain, in Valencia, on the Medi
terranean, 30 ra, S, E. Tortosa. .
Binaseo, t Italy, 10 m. S. E. Milan.
Binbrook, t. Lincoln co. Up, Canada,
Binche, t Netherlands, in Hainault, on the
Haye, Pop, 3;800, 12 m, S, E, Mons,
Bingazi, s-p, Barca, in Africa, formerly a large
and beautiful city, but now much reduced. It
has a harbour for ships of 200 tons burden, and is
defended by a wall and castle. Lon. 20° E. Lat
32° 20' N, Pop, 5,000,
Bingen, t. in the grand duchy of Hesse, on the
Rhine, near the influx of the Nahe, 19 m, W.
Mentz, 30 S. Coblentz, 64 E. Treves, Lon, 7°
48' E. Lat 49° 65' N,
BingenheHh, in the grand duchy of Hesse, 12
m, S. S. E. Giessen, 16 N. N. E, Frankfort on the
Maine. Bingham, t. Eng. in Nottinghara co. 9 ra, E,
Nottingham, Pop, 1,326.
Bingham, t Somerset co. Maine, on the Ken-
ncbep, 26 m. N. Norridgewock.
Bingham Point, the N, W, point of King
George Illd's. archipelago, Lon, 223° 44' E, Lat
68° 4'N.
Binghamton, p-v. and cap. Broome co, N, Y. at
the junction of the Chenango and Unadilla rivers ;
40 m, S, W. Norwich, 148 S. W. Albany.
Bingky, t, Eng, in Yorkshire, 16 ra, N. Leeds.
Pop. 4,782.
Bintang, isl, offthe S. coastof Malacca, at the
entrance of the straits of Sincapore, Lon. 104°
30' E. Lat, 1° 2' N,
Biobio, r. Chili, rises in the Andes, and enters
the South sea, 2 leagues fr, the bay of Conception.
Biograd, decayed place in Dalmatia, Its har
bor is capacious and secure, 18 m, S, E. Zara.
Biolle, t. Savoy, 12 m. N. Chamberry.
Biollio, t Piedmont, 8 m. E. Biella,
Biomeborg, s-p, Russian Finland, on the gulf
of Bothnia, 65 m, N. of Abo, Lon, 2° 43' E. Lat
01°30'N, Bir. See Beer.
Birbhot)m, district, Bengal, 85 miles long, by 30
broad. It is bounded N, by Monghir and Raje-
mnhl, S, by Burdwan and Pachete, E, by Rajishy,
and W. by Pachete. Nagore was formerly Uie
capital, but the civil auUiorilies now reside at
Surool, Birch Bay, on the N, W, coast of America, in
the guUof Georgia, Lon, 237° 33' E. lat. 48° 53'
Birchinglon, s-p, Eng, in isle of Thaupt, coun-

B I R
ty of Kent, a member of the port of DoTer, 4 m.
W. Margate.
Bird, t. Brown co. Ohio.
Bird, island, in the N. Pacific ocean, lon. 198?
8' E, lat, 23° 6' N. another in the S. Pacific, lon.
216° 24' E, lat 17° 48' S. another on the coast of
Ireland, lon. 5° ,28' W. lat 54° 28' N. another on
the same coast, lon. 9° 40' W. lat 51° 28 N. another
near the coast of Sumatra, lon. 97° 25' E. lat 1°
39' N. anoUier in the S, Pacific, lon. 38° 22' W.
lat 64° S. another in the Indian sea, lon. 64° 40'
E, lat 3° 40' S, another on the coastof Africa, lat
24° 20' S, another in the gulf of St Lawrence, lon,
60° 45' W. lat 47° 55' N, another in the Caribbe
an sea, lon, 64° W. lat 16° 40' N.
Bird islands, a cluster of islands in the Carib
bean sea, lon. 66° 60' W. lat 12° N. another, lon.
67° 46' W. lat 11°60'N.
Birdsborough, t Berks co. Pa. ou the S. side of
the SchuylkiU, 8 m. below Reading.
BirdmiUe,Tp-v. Burke co. Geo.
Biredgick See Beer.
Birkenfeld, v. of the Prussian states, in the
grand duchy of the Lower Rhine, 25 m. E. S. E.
Treves, 30 N. N. W, Deux-Ponts, Lon, 6° 59' E,
Lat 49° 35' N. Pop, 1,060.
Birket-el-Cairun. See Caroon.
Birket-el-Marioub. See Mareotis.
Birkin Islands, in the North sea, E. of Lewii.
Lon. 6° 20' W, lat 58° 6' N,
Birmah, Burmah, or Birman empire, a power
ful' empire of Asia, the limits of which are not ac
curately known, but it is supposed to extend from
lon, 92° to 102'^ E, and from lat 9° to 26° N. It
is bounded N. by Assam and Thibet ; E. by Laos
and Siam; S. by Malaya; W. by the bay of Ben
gal, and a range of mountains, which separates it
from British India. It is about 1,200 miles long
from N. to S. but varies much in breadth. This
empire is of modem origin, and includes the an
cient kingdoms of Ava, Pegu, and Arracan, It is
situated mostiy between the tropics, but being a
hiUy couutry does not suffer from heat or firom in
undations like Hindoostan, and is therefore more
favorable to European constitutions. The soil
produces aU kinds of grain and vegetables, and all
the tCopical fruits ; but its principal production is
the celebrated teak timber, or Indian oak, whifh
is said to be more durable, and to resist the wonias
better, than any wood that is known. The manu
factures consist chiefly of cotton and silk good^
saltpetre, gunpowder, and various kinds of potter^i -
The principal river is the Irawaddy, The
principal ports are Arracan, Negrais, Rangoon,
S3rriam, Tavoy and Merguis ; but the government
is so jealous of foreigners, that aU commerce with
Europeans is confined to Rangoon. The ancient
capital -was Ava. The present capital is Umra-
poora, on the Irawaddy, 400 miles from its mouth.
' The population of Birmah is uncertain, but has
been estimated at 17,000,000. The army in
peace consists of only a few thousand cavalry, but
on any emergency, every -viUage is obUged to fur
nish soldiers according to its population. The
principal strength of the Birmans consists of war
boats, built very long and narrow, carrying from
30 to 60 armed men, aud having a piece of cannon
on their prow.
The government is despotic. In religion, the
Birmans are followers of Boodh, and have nuraer
ous temples and idols. The character of the Bir
mans is very different from that of their neighbors,
the Hindoos. They are a lively, passionate and itt-

B I R

B I S

109

teUigent race of men. Their mode of punishing
crimes is of the most horrid kind. Among the
modes of inflicting capital punishment are, be
heading, crucifying, starving to death, ripping
open the body, sawing it in two, pouring red hot
lead down the throat, plunging into hot oil, and
roasting to death by a slow fire. The milder pun
ishments are putting out the eyes, cutting off the
tongue, the bauds, feet, ears, nose, &c. The
Uves and property of travellers are very insecure
in this country, the principal roads and rivers be
ing infested with robbers and murderers.
The American Baptists have supported a mis
sion at Rangoon in this country since 1814, but its
continuance is very uncertain. Obstacles have
been thrown in the way of the missionaries by the
government, and an appUcation which they made
to the emperor, in 1820, for permission to preach
the Gospel, was rejected.
Birmingham, a market t England, in War
wickshire, 62 m. N, W. Oxford, 87 N, Bristol, and
109 N, N, W, London. It is one of the first raanu-
facturing towns in Europe, and is particularly
celebrated for articles of hardware. It is hard
ly possible to describe the various processes adopt
ed in this wealthy and populous place, for abridg
ing labour. They comprehend every complica
ted and ingenious contrivance,' from the most
ponderous machines, such as steam engines, down
to those which are framed for operations of the
most nice and minute accuracy. Under the in
fluence of this powerful machinery, the rude ma
terial of fron is manufactured into aU sorts of use
ful implements. A coining mill was erected here
in 1788, which has since been improved so as to
work eight machines, and is now capable of strik
ing between 30,000 and 40,000 pieces of raoney in
the space of an hour. Muskets occupy a consid
erable number of workmen, and no less than
14,500 have been delivered per week into the
ordnance office for the use of government.
Buttons of aU descriptions are manufactured ;
and it is said, that at the pin-works 12,000 pins
can be cut and pointed in an hour. Steel screws,
watch chains, aud vast quantities of toys are like-
-wise manufactured ; and human industry is turn
ed to such account, that not only great numbers
of women find employment, but children only a
few years old, can assist iu some of the operations.
There are, very extensive hrass founderies, manu
factories for whips, and raany others too numerous
to be mentioned. Commerce is much assisted by
several canals, which are of the most essential ser-
service, by enabUng the town to carry on a direct
intercourse vrith distant countries, instead of tra
ding *ith them through the medium of the me
tropolis. Birmingham is not an incorporated town, and,
notwithstanding its size and importance, has no
representation in parliament. Population 85,753".
The average of interments for six years, ending
1801, was found to be as 1 to 59, whereas in Lon
don it was as 1 to 31, and in Manchester as 1 to 37.
Dr. Price considered Birmingham one of the
healthiest towns in England. Birmingham has 3
churches and 5 chapels.connected with the estab
lishment, and 2 places of worship for Unitarians, 3
for Independents, 4 for Baptists, 3 for Methodists,
,2 for Roman Catholics and 2 for Jews, Ampng
the pubUc institutions are several flourishing
schools, a work house on a large scale, a general
hospital, a dispensary for the relief of indigent sick

persons, a society for tiie relief of deaf ,^nd dumb
children, an institution for the relief of persons la
boring under bodily deforraities, and a handsome
theatre. Birmingham, t. Delaware co. Pa, on Brandy-
wine creek ; Pop, 686.
Birmingham, p-t. Centre co. Pa.
Birmingham, t. Chester co. Pa, Pop, 290,
Birmingham, prt. Huntingdon co. Pa, 18 m, N,
W, Huntingdon,
Bima, r. Asia, forras the southern boundary of
Pera, and flows into the straits of Malacca,
Birnam, hiU, Scotland, in Perthshire.
Biron, t, France, in Dordogne, 73 m, E, Bour
deaux, Birr, formerly called Parsons' Toum, Ireland,
King's CO. 34 ra. N. E. Liraerick,
Birs, r, Switzerland, falls into the Rhine near
Basle, Birsen, t Russia, in Wilna, 45 m, S. E. Mittau,
jBrn/eira, t, Austrian dominions, 27 ra, E, N, E,
Frankfort on the Maine.
Birt, or Biridgek, t. Turkey, on the Euphrates.
Pop. 3 or 4,000. 60 ra. fr. Orfa
Birt. See Brit.
' Birthin, i. Eng. falls into the Usk, in Mon
mouthshire. Birtley, t. Eng, 9 m, fr. Durham.
Bisaccia, t. Naples, in principato Ultra, 40 ra.
E. Benevento;
Biscara, t Algiers, 160 m, S, S, E, Alg'iers.
• Biscay, a province of Spain ; in the most ex
tended sense, it comprises the 3 provinces of Alava,
Guipuscoa, and Biscay proper, and is bounded E.
by France, N. by the bay of Biscay, W. by Las
Montanas de Santander, and S. by Burgos, Bis
cay preserves a marked distinction from the rest
of Spain, and though each of its component parts
has its own constitution, the whole forms a kind of
separate state, governed by a provincial assembly,
according to ancient laws and usages. The king
of Spain, who is simply styled lord of Biscay, has
no right to impose taxes, but a demand is made in'
his name, and the supply is granted in the shape of
adonative, or free gift; the manner of raising it re
maining with the provincial states. So jealous
are the Biscayans of their liberties, that no cus
tom-house was allowed till lately within the prov
ince. Population, 310,758 Chief places, Bil
boa, in Biscay proper ; Vittoria, in Alava ; and
St, Sebastian, in Guipuscoa.
Biscay Proper, a district of the foregoing prov
ince, is inclosed by the bay of Biscay, Old Castile,
Alava, and Guipuscoa. Pop. 120,000, The
coast is *inhabited by seafaring people and fish
ermen ; and in the interior, immense quanti
ties of iron are extracted from the ore, and
wrought into different £u-ticles. The foreign trade
of the province is carried on at Bilboa,
Biscay, Bay of, that part of the Atlantic ocean-
which Ues between the island of Ushant in
France, and Cape Ortegal in Spain. It washes
the west coast of France, and the north coast of
Spain. Biscay, Bay of, on the S, coast of rjfewfoundland,
between Cape Race and Cape Pine. Lon. 53° 6'
W.lat46°50'N. Biscay, New, forraerly a province of New
Spain, and now forming part of the intendancy of
Durango. Biscayno, isl. in the gulf of Florida. Lon. 80°
S3' W. ls>t, 25° 55' N,

lio

BIS

Bischofsheim, t. Gerraany, in Baden, on the
Tauber, 32 ra, E. Heidelberg, 64 S, E, Mentz,
Lon, 9° 40. E. lat 49° 34' N,
' Bischofsheim, v, Germany, in the territory of
Frankfort on the Maine, 6 m. E. N. E. Frankfort,
Bischofsheim-am-Saum, v, France, in Lower
Rhine, 2 m, N. Strasburg,
Bischofstein, t, E, Prussia, 42 m, S, Konigsberg;
Bischofswerda, t. Saxony, on an island in the
river Wesenitz, 20 ra, E, Dresden,
¦ Bischofswerder, t Prussia, 63 m, S, S, E, Dant
zic. Bischofs-Zell, t. Switzerland, in Thurgau, 12 m,
S. Constance,
Bischweiler, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 10 m.
N, Strasburg, Pop, 3,4(X),
Biseglia, t. Naples, in Terra di Bari, near the
Adriatic, It is the see of a bishop. Pop, 10,600.
6m,E.ofTraui, Bisentina, isl, Italy, in the lake of Bolsena.
Bisentz, t. Moravia, 14 ra, S, W, Hradisch,
Pop. 2,650.
Biser, r. Russia, in Perm,
Bisert, t Russia, 80 ra, S, S, E. Perm,
Bishbesh, t. Egypt, 40 m, N. E, Cairo, It ap
pears to be the ancient Bubasie, celebrated for its
reUgious rites and Bacchanalian orgies. The re
mains are stiU stupendous,
, Bishop and his Clerks, rocks off the coast of
Wales, at the entrance of St, George's channel,
Lon. 5° 20' W. lat 61° 54' N,
Bishop's Castle, t Eng, in Salop, 16 ra, S, S. W,
Shrewsbury, Pop. 1,367.
Bishop' s Island, onthe W. coastof Ireland. Lon.
9° 35' W. lat 52° 38' N.
Bishop's Islands, among the Hebrides. Lon. 7°
35' W. lat 56° 48' N.
Bishopside, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 3 m, fr, Rippon,
Bishop Stortford, t. Eng, in Hertfordshire, on a
canal, which communicates with the Lea, 30 m,
N, London. Pop, 2,680,
Bishop's Waltham, t Eng. in Southampton, 10
m, S. S, E, Winchester. Pop. 1,530.
Bishop Wearmouth, parish, Eng. in Durham.
Pop. 7,000, 12i m, fr. Durham.
Bisignano, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, 14 m.
N. Cosenza. Lon. 16° 33' E, lat 39° 32' N.
Bisky, t. Eng. in Gloucestershire. Pop. 4,151.
10 m. S. S. E. Gloucester.
Bisnagar, or Annagoondy, city. Hind, on the S.
bank of the river Toombudra ; formerly populous,
but now in ruins. 260 ra. fr. Seringapatam, 386
fr. Madras. Lon, 76° 34' E, Lat. 15° 14' N,
Bisnee, district. Hind, lying between Bengal
and Assam, on the N, side of the Brahmapootra
river, between 26° and 27° N, lat,
Bisnee, t, Bootan, near the borders of Bengal,
186 m. N, E, Moorshedabad, Lon, 90° 46'E, Lat
26° 28' N,
Bissagos, a group of small islands, which Ue off
the W, coast of Africa, near the mouth of the
Rio Grande, See Bulama.
Bissao, one of the Bissagos islands, 40 miles
long by 30 wide, Lon, 14° 10' W, Lat 11°
24' N,
Bissolee, t. Hind, capital of a district, in the
province of Lahore, on the Ravy, It is fortified,
and comraands the road to the Northern moun
tains, Lon, 74° 42' E, Lat, 32° 22' N.
Bissuntpore, t. Hind, in Allahabad, at the junc
tion of the Dewah and Ganges, Lon, 84° 40' E,
Lat, 26° 40' N,

B L A
Bissuntpore Golah, t. Bengal, on the Ganges,
Lon, 87° 62' E, Lat, 26° 20' N.
Bistineau, lake, Louisiana, communicates on
the South with Red river, and receives Dacheet
river on the North,
Bistrianka, t Russian Tartary, on the Don, 100
m, E, N, E, Azoph.
Bislrits, r. runs between Transylvania, Buka-
wine, and Moldavia, stud falls into tiie Sereth.
Bislrite, royal free town iu Transylvania, 42 ro,
N. N. E, Clausenburg, 256 E. Vienna. Lon, 23°
54' E, Lat 47° 14' N. Pop. 4,000.
Bistritsa, r. Austrian -Galicia, falls into the
Dniester at Mariempol.
Bisuga, r. Russian Tartary, runs into the sea of
Azoph, 48 m. S. W. Eiskoi
BiteUo, t. Naples, in Terra di Bari, 10 m. S. S.
W. Bari. Lon. 16° 46' E. Lat 41° 8' N.
Bitford, t. 'Eng. in Warwickshfre, on the Avon,
7 ra. W. S. W. Stratibrd.
Bithynia, in Sac. Geog. a province of Lesser
Asia, bordering on Phrygia and the Euxine sea.
Its principal cities are Prusa, Nice, and Nico-
media.. Bitonto, t. Naples, in Terra di Bari, 8 m.' S,
Bari. Lon. 16° 40' E. Lat 41° 12' N. Pop.
13,700. Bitsch, t. France, in MoseUe, at the foot of the
Vosges mountains. It was fortified by Vauban,
and was one of the barrier fortresses deUvered
over for a Umited time to the AlUes, by the con
vention of Paris in 1815. IB m. E. S. E. Sargue-
mines, 18 E. Weissembourg. Lon. 7° 30' E. Lat
49° 4' N.
Bittburg, (Beda,) t. of the Prussian states, in
the Lower Rhine, 30 m. N. E. Luxemburg.
Bilterfeld, t. of the Prussian states, on the Mul
da, 16 m. S. Dessau. Lon. 12° 23' E. Lat 51°
39' N.
Bivoras, or Pedro Shoals, on the Spanish main,
30 ra. S. Jamaica. .Lon. 77° to 78° 2^ W. Lat.
17° 18' N.
Bizarre Isle, at the entrance of Ottawa river
into the St. Lawrence, N. of Montreal.
Bizerta, t. Tunis, on the site of the ancient
Hippo, 30 m. N. Tunis. Lon. 9° 48' E. Lat 37°
10' N.
Blackburn, t. Eng. in Lancashire, on the Der
went The manufactory of cotton goods is very
extensive ; about 25,0(K) pieces are made weekly,
which gives employment to 13,000 persons. The
Leeds and Liverpool canal passes by this town,
and is of essential service to its trade. Pop. io
1811, 15,083. 42 m. N. E, Liverpool,
Blackburn-Springs, ji-v, Jackson co. Ten.
Black creek, S. C, runs into thePedee in Liber
ty county,
Blackfoot Indians, about 5,500 in number, near
the source of the Missouri, al tiie foot of the Rocky
Mountains; and wandering over them to the
West Blackford, t, Posey co, Indiana,
Blackhall Head, the N, cape, at the entrance of
Bantry bay, Lon, 9° 55' W. Lat 51° 32' N.
Blackhead, the S. cape of Galway bay. Lon. 9°
11' W. Lat 53° 7' N. .
Blackheath, hamlet, Eng. on an open aud ele
vated situation, at the N. W. extremity of the
county of Kent
Blackheath, p-t. Randolph co. lUinois,
Blackhorse, p-v, BurUngton oo. N. J, 12 m, fr,
Trenton,

B L A

B L A

111

Black-horse-tavem, p-v, Chester co. Pa.
Black Lake, or Oswegatchie, N, Y. in St, Law
rence CO. It is about 20 miles long, and 1 or 2
¦jride. It is the expansion of Indian river, and
communicates by an ouUet 3 miles long, with Os-
wegatchie river, 7 miles above its entrance into
the St Lawrence.
Black Lake, r. Louisiana, rises in the N, W,
part of the state, passes through Black Lake,
¦which is 15 or 20 miles long, and joins the Saline,
8 m. N,E, Natchitoches, to form the Rigolet dp
bon Dieu,
Blackley, t, Eng, in Lancashire, 3 m, N, E,
Manchester, Pop, 2,389,
Black Lick, p-it. Indiana co. Pa, Pop. 965.
Black Lick, r. Ohio, joins tl»e Big Walnut 9 m.
above its entrance into the Scioto, and 10 S. E.
Columbus. Blackness, v. Scotland, in Linlithgow, on the S.
bank of tiie Forth, 15 ra. W. Edinburgh.
Black Nib, cape, on tiie E. coast of Ireland,
Lon, 5° 24' W, Lat 64° 21' N,
Black River, Vt runs into Lake Memphrama-
gog ; another, runs into the Connecticut at Spring
field, Black river, N. Y. runs into Lake Ontario
above Sacketts-harbor, in Hungry-bay, after a
northerly course of 120 miles. At the junction
of Moose river, it falls over a precipice 63 feet
high. Long FaUs is 45 miles below, and is the
descent of the river by successive pitches of 14,
12, and 24 feet, in a course of 14 miles. Over the
last descent, 'at Browuville, mills are erected.
The Black river country is fertile, and rapidly
settUng. Black river, N. C. joins Cape Fear river, on the
E. 23 m. above Wilmington.
BUick river, Ohio, runs into Lake^Erie, 30 ra. E.
Sandusky-bay. Black river, Michigan territory, runs into Lake
Michigan, north of the river St. Joseph's
Black river, Big, rises in the heights nearthe
sources of the Gasconade, and falls into White
river, 50 miles below the town of Lawrence, in
about W. lon. 92°, N. lat 36°. It is navigable
500 miles, and in its course receives several large
streams from the West. The country on this riv
er is said to be very fertile, producing wheat;
eom, rye, oats, cotton, and tobacco. Iron ore,
lead, and salt, are every where abundant.
Black river, t Wayne co. Missouri.
Black River. See Wachita.
Black Rock, isl. in St. George's channel. Lon.
6°27'W. Lat 52° 10' N.
Black Rock, harbor, in Fairfield, Ct.
Blackrock, p-v. Niagara co. N. Y. on the Niag
ara, 2 m. below Buffalo. It is the station for the
steam boats and other vessels employed iu the
navigation of Lake Erie and the Lakes above.
Buffalo has noharbor; but the enterprizinginhabi-
tants are engaged in forming one by projecting a
pier into the Lake.
Bhekrode, t Eng. Lancashire, 5 m, S. Chorley.
Pop. 2,111.
Blacksod Point, Ireland, the S. cape of the Mul
let Lon. 9° 62' W. Lat, 64° 61' N.
Blackstone river. See Patucket.
Black Stocks, p-v. Chester district, S. C.
Black Swamp, p-v. St. Peter's parish, S, C.
Blackwall, h^unlet, Eng. adjoining London, on
the E. side of the "Thames. Here are very ex
tensive dock? and yards for shipping. The wet

docks are the most spacious and the best con
structed of any in Great Britain.
Black Walnut, p-v. HaUfax co. Va.
Black Warrior, or Ca6o, r. Alabama, enters the
Tombigbee from the K. 80 miles above St Ste
phens. It is navigable for boats to the falls near
its source : 500 miles by water from Mobile ;
thence to Huutsville is 120 miles,- over a good
road. Goods have been brought from Mobile to
Huntsville in 30 days.
Blackwater, r. Eng. joins the Chelmer at Mai
den, and flows into Blackwater bay.
Blackwater, r. IrclancJ, falls into Uie sea at
Youghall bay.
Blackwater, t Ireland, 5 ra. N, N. W. Arraagh.
Blackwater, r. N. H. flows into the Contacook,
iu Hopkintou,
Blackwater, r. Va, joins Nottaway river, 5 m,
above the boundary of N. Carolina.
Bladen, co. N. C. on the S, side of Cape Fear-
river. Pop. 5,671. Slaves, 1,985. Chief t Eliz-
abethtown. Bladensburg, p-t. Prince George's co, Md. on
the E. branch of the Potoraac at the forks, 6 m.
above Washington city.
Blainville, t France, in La Manche, 5 m^ W.
Coutances. Blainmlle sur I'Eau, t France, on the Meurthe,
12 ra. S. E. Nancy.
Blair Athol, v. Scotiand, in Perthshire, 28 m.
fr. Perth.
Blair Gowrie, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 17 m.
fr. PerUi.
Blairsville, p-v. York district, S. C.
Blaisois, district, of Old France, on both sides
of the Loire. Blois was the capital.
Blaison, t. France, on the Loire, in Maine-and-
Loire, 9 m. S. E. Angers.
Blaise, Cape, W. Florida, between the bays of
Apalache and St, Joseph.
Blakely, p-t Mobile co. Alabama, on the Ten-
saw or eastern outiet of Mobile river, 6 m. from
Mobile bay, 10 E. N, E, Mobile. Lat. 30° 43' N.
It is a new town, laid out in 1 813, and will proba
bly become the emporium for the commerce of
Alabama, and some portions of the adjoining
states. At pi'esent, there is a vigorous rivalry
between this town and Mobile, but Blakely has
sorae decided advantages. The sarae wind that
enables a vessel to enter Mobile Bay, will carry
her to the wharves of Blakely, whicli is not the
case with Mobile. Another advantage is an open
road to the rapidly iraproving country on Alabaraa
river. Vessels drawing 12 feet of water can en
ter the fort at full tide. The town is abundantly
suppUed with excellent water.
Blakesburg, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 ra. N.
Rangor. .
Blamont, t France, in Meurthe, 16 m. E, Lune-
viUe. Pop. 1,860.
Blamont, t. France, in Doubs, 35 ra. E, Besan
con. '
Blanc, Mont. See Mont Blanc.
Blane-en-Berry, Le, t. France, in Indre, on the
Creuse, 32 m. W. S. W. Chateauroux. Lon. 1°
8' E. Lat 46° 38' N.
Blanchardsfork, i. Ohio, the E. branch of the
Auglaize. Blanckenbergh, t Netherlands, in Flanders, 9
m. N. Bruges.
Blanco, Cape, Eu. Turkey, on the S. coast of
UieMorea. Lon, ^1° 56' E., Lat 36° 44' N ,

112

B L A

Blanco, Cape, on the IS, coast of Sicily, Lon.
13° 10' E, Lat, 36° 28' N.
Blanco, Cape, on the N. coast of Spain, in As
turias. Lon, 6° 64' W, Lat, 43° 35' N,
Blanco, Cape, Naples, on the E. coast of Cala
bria, Lon. 17° 25' E. Lat 38° 59' N.
Blanco, Cape, W. Africa. Lon. 16° 58' E, Lat
20° 47' N.
Blanco, Cape, Peru, the S. point of the gulf of
Tumbez, 6r Guayaquil. Lon. 81° 6' W. Lat, 4°
18' S,
Blanco, Cape, S. Araerica, the W. point of the
bay of Salinas. Lat 10° N.
Blanco, Cape, on the N. W. coast of New Al
bion. Lat 43° 23' N. Lon. 235° 50' W.
Blandford, t Eng. in Dorset, on the Stour, 23
m. W. ' SaUsbury, 103 W. London, Pop. 2,425.
Blandford, t Oxford co. Upper Canada, on the
Thames, Blandford, p-t Hampden co. Mass, 16 ra, W.
Springfield. , Pop. 1,613.
Blandford, t Prince George co, Va, It is inclu
ded in the borough of Petersburg, and is on the
Appommatox, below the tovra, and separated frora
it by a small creek,
Blanes, (anciently Blanda,) s-p, Spain, in Cat
alonia, on the Mediterranean, 34 ra. N. E, Barce
lona, Lat 41° 42' N,
Blangy, t France, in Calvados, 28 m. E, Caen ;
another iu Lower Seine, 16 m, E. Neufchatel,
Blankenberg, t of the Prussian states, in the
duchy of Berg, on the Sieg, 12 ra. W. Bonn, 20 S.
E.Cologne. '
Blankenburg, a district of Germany, in the
duchy of Brunswick, containing 143 square miles
and 12,000 inhabitants. The principal sources of
revenue are the iron mines, the forests, and the
marble quarries. Blankenburg, the chief town, is
at the foot of a mountain, on, which stands a
castie. Pop, 2,700. 7 m. E. S. E. Wemigerode,
9 S. Halberstadt. Lon, 10° 67' E, Lat, 61°
48' N
Blankenburg, t Germany, in the principality
of Schwartzburg-Rudolstadt, 5 m, N, W, Saalfeld,
Lon, 11° 21' E, Lat 50° 39' N,
Blankenese, v, Denmark, in the duchy of Hol
stein, on the Elbe ; 9 m, from Hamburgh, Pop,
2,000. Blankenhayn, t. Saxony, Pop, 1840, 9 m. S,
W. Jena, 16 S, E. Erfurt Lon, 11° 20' E, Lat,
50° 51' N,
Blannerhasset' s island, a beautiful and fertile
island of about 300 acres, in Uie Ohio river, oppo
site Belpre, 13 m, below Marietta,
Blanquefort, I, France, in Gironde, 5 ra, N. W,
Bourdeaux. Blansac, t. France, in Charente, 12 m. S. W.
Angouleme. Blantyre, v. Scotiand, in Lanark, 2 m, from
Hamilton. Pop, 2,092.
Blaringhem, v. France, in North, 33 m, N, W,
Douay, Blarney, v, Ireland, Cork co, 25 m, W, Cork,
Bias, cape, S, Araerica, on the coast of Darien,
16 m, from Porto Bello, 62 from Carthagena,
Blaskets, or Ferriicrs Islands, at the entrance of
Dingle bay, Ireland, Lon, 10° 22' W, Lat. 52°
5' N,
Blatchingworth, t Eng, adjoining Huddersfield,
in Lancashire, Pop, 2,480,
Blatna, t Bohemia, 44 ra, S, S, W, Prague,
Blaubcuren, t, Wirteraberg, 7 ra. W. Ulm. Lon.
9° 48' E, Lat. 48° 46' N. Pop. 1,750.

B L O
Blaye, t. France, on the Gironde, Its harbmir
is capacious, and much frequented. Wine, bran
dy and com are exported to a considerable amount.
Pop, 4,700, 2l m, N, Bourdeaux, ;Lat 46°
8' N,
BkchingUy, t Eng, in Surrey, 20 m, S, Lon
don, Blechington, v, Eng, Oxfordshire, 6 ra, N. Ox
ford, Bkckede, t. Hanover, on the Elbe, 20 m, E, N.
E, Luneburg,
' -B/erfsoe, CO, East-Tennessee, Pop, 8,839, Chief
town, Pikeville.
Bleicheroda, t. Prussian states, in the province
of Saxony, 9 m. S, W, Nordhausen, 20 N. Muhl
hausen, Lon. 10° |5' E. Lat 51° 26' N. Pop.
1,900. Bleistein, t. Bavaria, 22 m. E. N. E. Amberg.
Lon. 12° 21' E. Lat 49° 38' N. Pop. 2,650.
Bkkingen, district of Sweden. It has Smaland
on the N. Schonen on the W. and the Baltic on
the S. and E. Pop. 67,200. Carlscrona is Uie
capital. Bleneau, t France, in Yonne, 28 m. W. Aux
erre. Bknheim, v. Bavaria, in the cfrcle of the Up
per Danube. It is on the Danube, and wiU for
ever remain famous for the great -victory obtained
in its -vicinity, on the 13th of August, 1704, by the
EngUsh and Imperialists, imder the duke of Marl
borough and prince Eugene, over the French and
Bavarians, commanded by rasu'shals TaUard, Mar-
sin, and the elector of Bavaria. The loss of the
French and Bavarians exceeded 30,000 men ;
that of the allies was 12,000. 2 m. N. E. Hoch-
stadt, 8 S. W, Donawert '
Blenheim, t Oxford co. Up. Canada.
Bknheim, p-t. Schoharie co. (N. Y.) S. Schoha
rie. Pop. 1,319.
' Bkrancourt, t France, in Aisne, 10 m. N. W.
Soissons, Blere, t. France, in Indre-and-Lofre, 15 m. E.
S, E. Tours. Pop. 2,650.
Blese, t, France, in Upper Loire, 39 ra, N. W.
Le Puy,
Bleurie, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Canada,
on the river Sorel, 25 m. S. E, Montreal.
BliesscasteU, a lordship of the Prussian states,
in the grand duchy of the Lower Rhine. The
town of BUesscasteU is on the river BUcs, 5 m, \V.
Deux-Ponts, 10 E. Sarrebruck,
Bligh' s Island, offthe N. W. coast of America,
in Prince William's sound, Lon, 'J 13° 43' E.
Lat. 60° 52' N,
Bligny sur Ouches, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 22
m. S, W, Dijon,
Blithe, r, Eng, runs into tiie Trent, 4 m, N, E
Litchfield. Block Island, off the coast of Rhode Island, 24
m, S. S. W. Newport, 21 E, by N. from Montauk
point on Long-Island. It constitutes the town of
New Shoreham, in Newport county. It is about 7
miles long and 4 broad. Pop. 722. Lon. 71° 30'
W. Lat. 41° 8' N.
Blockley, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on Uie Schuyl
kiU, 3 m. W, Philadelphia, Pop. 1,618,
Blocksberg, or the Brocken, (Mons Bntcterus,)
tiie principal mountain of the Hartz, in the Prus
sian states, uot far from Elbingerode, Its height
is 3,600 feet, Lon, 10° 36' 35" E, Lat 51° 48'
29" N,
Biocksiel, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the
E. siiie of the Zuyder Zee, 28 m, S.- Lew-warden,

B LU

B O C

113

¦32 W. N, W, Coevorden, Lon, 5° 52' E, Lat, 62°
45' N, Pop, 1,400,
Blois, an ancient city of France, capital of Loire
and Cher, on the declivity of a hill, on the right
bank of the Loire, The trade of the town con
sists in 'wine, brandy, corn, wood, and fruit ; there
are manufactures of serge, stamine, and other
cloths, as well as of hardware and glass. The
surrounding country is fertile and agreeable ; and
the prospect from the hill, on which the town
stands, is one of the most beautiful in France. 36
m. S. W, Orieans, 36 N. E. Tours, 109 S. S. W. Pa
ris, Lon. 1° 20 E. Lat, 47° 34' N. Pop. 14,900.
Blonitsa, or Bloniza, a small river of Silesia, in
the principality of Oppeln, which falls into the
Oder, about 7 miles below the town of Oppeln.
Blood Indians, in the neighbourhood of the
Blackfeet,Mandan, and other tribes, N. of Missouri
river, in the extensive prairie country, near the
Rocky mountains.
Bloody-run, p-t. Bedford co. Pa.
Bloom, p-t Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,285.
Bloom, t. Fairfield co, Ohio, 7 m. N. W. Lan
caster ; another in Scioto co. 16 m. E. Ports
mouth. Bhotnfield, p-t. Somerset co, Maine, 7 m, E, Nor-
lidgewock. Bloomfield, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y, It is divided
into East and West Bloomfield, East B, is 6, and
W, B. 12 m. W. Canandaigua. Pop. 4,425.
Bloomfield, p-t Essex co. N. J, 5 ra, N. W. New
ark. In its vicinity are quarries of free stone.
Bloomfield, p-t Crawford co. Pa. Pop, 114.
Bkoiiifield, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Bloomfield, p-v. Nelson co. Ken,
Bloomfield, p-t Trumbull co, Ohio, 15 m. N.
Warren ; another, t Jefferson co. 14 m. W. Steu-
benville; another, p-t. Pickaway co. 8 m, N, Cir-
cleviUe; another, t Jackson co,; another, t. Knox
CO. Bloomingburg, p-v. in Mamakating, SuUivan co,
N,Y. Bkomingdak, v. on the Hudson, 7 m, N. New-
York city.
Bloominggrove, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. 12 m. W,
West-Point. Pop. 1,759.
Bloominggrove, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Bloomingsburg, t, Fayette co, Ohio,
Bloomington, p-v. Monroe co. Indiana.
Bhomingvilk, p-t. Huron co. Ohio.
Bloomsburg, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa.
Bloomsburg, p-v. Halifax co. Va.
Bloomsburg, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J,
Blore Heath, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, famous
for the battle fought September 1459, between the
adherents of the houses of York and Lancaster.
Bkunt, CO, Alabama, on the Tuscaloosa riv
er. Blount, CO. East Tennessee, on the S. side of
Holston river. Pop. 3,259. Chief t. MarysviUe.
Blountsville, p-t. and cap. Sullivan co. E. Ten
nessee, 130 m, N. E. KnoxviUe.
Blue earth, r. Louisiana, runs into the Kansas.
Bluefield's Bay, on the S. W. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 78° W. Lat 18° 10' N.
Bluehill, p-t Hancock co. Maine, 12 m. N. E.
Castine. It is at the head of Bluehill bay. Here
is an academy.
Blue Lick, Upper, p-v. Fleming co. Ken. on
Licking river.
Blue Lick, Lower. See Ellismlle.
Blue Mud, and Long Haired Indians, on the
head waters of Columbia river, 15

Blue Ridge, the eastern range of the Alleghany
mountains. It extends from the highlands on Uir
Hudson at West-PoinJ, S, W, to, N, Carolina,
where it joins the main range. Among its sum
mits are the. Peaks of Otter, whicli see. The
iimes/o»iet)a//e7/, is the valley between these ran
ges, and is from 50 to 100 miles wide.
Bluerock, t Muskingum co, Ohio, on Musking
um river, 8 m, below Zanesville.
Blue stone, r. Va. runs into the Kanhawa, in
Giles county.
Bluewater, r. Missouri, runs N, into the Missou
ri, 9 m, below Kansas river.
Bluff springs, p-v, Jefferson co, Missisippi,
Blufton, t. Howard co, Missouri,
Blumberg, t. Germany, in Lippe-Detmold, 22
m, N, N. E, Paderborn,
Blumberg, t in Baden, 10 m, N, Schaffhausen,
BlumenaUf t Moraviji, in Olmutz, 4 m. W.
Prosnitz. Blumenstein, v. Switzerland, 11 m, S, S, E, Bern.
Blumenthal, v, Hanover, 12 m, N. W. Bremen.
Blythhorough, t, Eng, in Suffolk, 44 m, frora
Soutiiold. B^the, t, Eng, 3 ra. N, Nottingham.
Blythe, s-p, Eng, in Northumberland, at the
mouth of the Blythe, 12 m, fr. North-Shields, 14
fr. Newcastle-on-Tyne,
Bo islands, in the Eastern seas, E. S. E. Gilolo,
Lon. 126° 25' E. Lat. 1° 17' S,
Boad, t. Hind, in Orissa, on the Malianuddy-
Lon, 84° 18' E. Lat 20° 50' N,
Boardman, p-t, TrumbuU co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E.
Warreh. Boatrun, p-v. Clermont co. Ohio.
Boat-yard, p-v. Sullivan co. Tennessee.
Bobbio, t. Upper Italy, in Sardinia, in the hol
low of the Appennines, on the left bank of the Treb-
bia, 24 m. S. S. E. Pavia, 30 N. E. Genoa. Lon.
9° 12' E. Lat. 44° 45' N, Pop. 3,000,
Bobbio, V. Piedmont, near Lucerna.
Bobenhausen, t. in Hesse, 13 ra, N, E. Darm
stadt. Bober, r. Silesia, rises on the Bohemian fron
tier, and falls into the Oder, near Crossen.
Bobersberg, t. , Prussia, in the New Mark of
Brandenburg, on the Bober, 6 m. S. Crossen, 70
E. S, E. Berlin.
Bobilee, t and fortress of Hindostan, 32 m. W.-
Cicacole. Lon. 83° 28' E. Lat 18° 27' N.
Bobingen, t Bavaria, 9 m. S. Augsburg.
Bobrownicld, t Poland, 24 m. W. N. W. Lub
lin, Bobryslk t. Russia, on the Berezina, in Minsk,
32 m. W.Tlogutchev,
-Boca delDrago, the W. entrance into Almirante
bay. Lon. 82° 20' W. Lat 9° S N,
Boca Escondida, bay, in the bay of Campeachy,
on the coast of Yucatan, Lat 18° 60' N.
Boca de Pan, r. Peru, runs into the bay of Tum
bez. Boca del Toro, the entrance into Almirante bay,
E. of the island of Bocaloro. Lon. 82° 8' W. Lat.
9° 6'N.
Bocalieu, island near the east coast of New
foundland. Lon. 52° 26' W. Lat 48° 15' N,
Bocaloro, isl. at the entrance into Almirante
bay. Lon, 82° 16' W. Lat. 9° 12' N.
Bocault'sBay, in the Straits of Magellan, Lon.
71° 6' W.
Bocca, t Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, 5 m. N.
N. E. Sabionetta.
Bocca Tigris, the mouth of the river Pe-kiang

114

BOG

BOH

of China, through which vessels pass to Canton,
It is about a musket shot across.
Boccheta, La, pass of the Appennines, in the
ridge which divides Genoa frora Lombardy,
Bochnia, t Austrian Galicia, 20 m, E. Cracow.
It is famous for its mines of salt, which employ
above 1000 workmen, and yield annually 900,000
cwt. Pop. 3,200.
Bockau, t. in the kingdom of Saxony, circle of
the Erzgebii'ge, 20 ra. S, W, Chemnitz,
Bockenem, t. Hanover, 14 m, E, Hildesheim.
Bockenheiin, v. Germany, 2 m, fr. Frankfort on
the Maine.
Bockholt, t of the Prussian states, 36 m, W, S.
W, Munster, 24 E, Cleves, Lon. 6° 42' E. Lat.
51° 65' N.
Backing, t. Eng. in Essex, 40 m, E, London.
Pop. 2,544,
Bocklet, V, Bavaria, 14 m, N, Kissingen,
Bockum, t of the Prussian states, in the grand
duchy of the Lower Rhine, 24 m, N, E. Dussel
dorf, 35 N. Cologne.
Boczki, t. Russia, in Grodno, 6 m. S, W. Bielsk.
Pop. 1,600.
Bodeau, lake, Louisiana, communicates with
Red river, and receives Bodeau river at its N. end.
Bodega, Port, on the N, W, coast of America.
Lat 38° 21' N. The Russians hav6 had a settle
ment at this post, since 1817.
Bodenfelde, t Hanover, 15 m, N, W. Gottingen.
Bodenhausen, V.Germany, in Lower Hesse, 18
ra, E. N, E. Cassel,
Bodenliebe. See Kissingen.
Bodenwerder, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 8 ra, N,
Bevern, Bodmann, t. Wirtemberg, on the lake of Con
stance, which is called from it the Bodmersee,
Bodmin, t. and borough, Eng, Cornwall co, 9 m.
S, S, W, Camelford, Pop, 2,050.
Bodrog, r. Hungary, falls into the Theyss at
Tokay, Bodrog, county, Hungary, which has been uni
ted since the year 1747 with that of Batsch. It
lies at the S, W. extremity of the kingdom, be
tween the Danube and the Theyss.
Bodrum. See Boodroom.
Bodrun, s-p. and fort, A, Turkey, on the N.
side of the gulf of Scalanova, 15 m, S, Smyrna.
Lon. 26°35' E, Lat 38° 16' N.
Bodungen, Great, t. Germany, in the princi
pality of Schwartzburg-Sondershausen, 6 m, N,
Bleicheroda, Boedgeroens, islands, near the N, coast of New
Guinea, Lon, 135° 33' E, Lat, 2° 25' S.
Boen, t. France, in Loire, 35 m. W. Lyons.
Pop, 1,200,
Boeuf, Le, lake, Erie co. Pa. communicatee
with French creek, a source of the Ohio, The
portage to Presq'isleon lake Erie, is 14 miles ; 2
m, E, lake Le Boeuf,is the siteof an old French fort,
Boeuff, t. FrankUn co. Missouri.
Bofo. See Buffa.
Bog, or Boug, v. Russia, rises in Podolia, and
joins the Dnieper near Otchakov. It is not navi
gable on account of its raany rocks and sand banks.
Bogarovskoi, t. .\. Russia, 136 m. N. Tobolsk.
Bogus, t. Lower Egypt, at the mouth of Uie E.
branch of the Nile, 3 m, S, Damietta,
Bogdanowka, or Melitopolis, t. Russia, in Tau
rida, inhabited by the sect called Duchoborski, or
Melitopolites. Number of raales, 1,150,
Bogdo, mountain of Asia, in the Altaian chain.
Lon, 93° E. Lat 47° N.

Bogdoi, country of Tartary, N. of China, and
subject to the Chinese.
Bogensee, t. Denmark, ou the N. coast of Fu
nen, 15 ra, N, W, Odensee,
Boggah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84° Sff E.
Lat, 27° 10' N.
Bogie, r. Scotland, falls into the Deveron.
Bogilcund, district, in Allahabad, about 24° N.
lat. Boglion, t. of the Austrian empfre, 27 m. S. S.
E. Trieste.
Boglipore, district, Hind, in Bahar, intersected
by the Ganges. Till lately it was called Monghir,
which see.
Boglipore, cap. of Boglipore district. Lou. 86°
50' E. Lat 25° 11' N.
Bogmutty, r. Asia, runs into the Ganges near
Monghir. Bognor, v. Eng, on the coast of Sussex, 64 m, S,
Chichester, Bogoduchow, t. Russia, 84 m. N. N. W, Char
kov. Pop, 6,800,
Bogoroditzk, t. Russia, 16 m. E. Thoula. Pop,
5,000. Bogorodsk, t Russia, 28 m. E. Moscow.
Bogota, Rio de, r. New Granada, rises near the
city of Santa Fe, breaks through the mountains
S. W. of it, and joins the Magdalena. It is re
markable for its fall, called the cataract of Te-
quendama. The river, which above is 140 feet
wide, passes through a crevice in the rocks, from
30 to 35 feet wide, and falls, in two successive
pitches, about 570 feet The vapour rises like a
cloud, and is seen from the walks around Santa
Fe, at the. distance of 15 miles, reflecting the
colours of the rainbow in ever varying beauty,
Boguslaw, t Russia, iu Kiev, 32 m. S. E. Biala-
cerkiev. Bogwangola, t Bengal, in Moorshedabad, on
the Ganges, Lon, 88° 29' E, Lat. 24° 21' N.
Bohain, t, France, in Aisne, 12 m, N, N. E. St
Quentin. Bohary, t Hind. 27 m. E. Surat
Bohatteba, t. Palestine, near Acre.
Bohemia, a kingdom in Germany, forming part
of theAustrian dominions. It is bounded N, by
the kingdom of Saxony; E. by Silesia and Mora
via ; S, by Austria proper ; and W, by Bavaria.
It extends from lat 48° 30' to 51° 5' N. and from
lon, 12° to 16° 50' E, Its greatest lengUi is 200
miles, its greatest breadth 180, and its super
ficial extent 20,922 square miles. It is separated
by the river Moldau into two parts nearly equal,
and, exclusive of the metropoUs, is divided into
the 16 following circles ; which take their names
frora tlieir chief towns — Buntzlau, Konigsgrati,
Bitschow, Chrudim, Czaslau, Budweis, Tabor,
Prachin, Pilsen, Klattau, Saatz, Elubogen (inclu
ding the small district of Egra), Leutmeritz, Ra-
konitz, Beraun, and Kaurzini.
Bohemia resembles a gi-eat basin, being sur
rounded on every side by high mountains ; it has
the Sudetian chain, and the Riesengebirge on the
N, E, ; the mountains of Moravia on the S. E, and
S, ; the Bohmerwald on the W. ; and the Erzge-
birge on the N. Tlie principal river is the Elbe,
which receives in its course the Auxa, Erlitz,
Dobrawa, Isfir, Moldau, Eger, aud others. The
soil yields corn, pulse, hops, flax, hemp, fruit, and
all kinds of garden vegetables in abundance.
Few countries ai'e richer in mineral productions
than Bohemia, Here are found silver, tin, iron,

B O L

B O L

115

qtiieksilver, cobalt, zinc, arsenic, Ivismuth, cala
mine, antimony, sulphur, saltpetre, vitriol, alum,
and pit coal ; salt is no where met with. The
principal manufactures are yarn, Unen, cambric,
veils, thread, lace, stockings, ribbons, printed
linen, wax-cloth, woollen stuffs, and glass. The
principal imports are salt, wine, spirituous li
quors, silk, Spanish wool, cotton, quicksUver, iron,
lead, h'ardware, jewels, trinkets, and dye-stuffs.
The principal places tlirough which commerce
is carried on, are Vienna, Trieste, Leipzig, and
Hamburg. The language is the Bohemian, or Crecheisch
dialect of the Sclavonic, aud is nearly allied to
the PoUsh, but contains more words of German
origin. The population is 3,183,364, of which
nuraber 3,092,393 are Roman CathoUcs. About
50,000 Jews, and the remainder Calvinists, Lu
therans, and Hussites. The revenue is estimated
at 2,000,000/. Bohemia is a part of the Austrian
empire. It has an assembly of states, but their
power is merely nominal.
Bohemia, r. Md, runs into Elk river, 11 ra. be
low Elkton.
Bohmerwald, i. e. Tlie Bohemian Forest, a ridge
of mountains in Germany. It separates Bohemia
from the Upper Palatinate ; and extends through
a part of Bavaria proper and Passau.
Bohol, one of the Philippine islands, 90 ra. N.
Mindanao. Bohraufin the Lake, t. Silesia, 16 m. S. Breslau.
Bohus, or Bahus, a government of Sweden, now
forming the greater part of the province of Got-
tenburg, Bajador, Cape, W. coast of Africa. Lon. 14°
.20' W. lat 26° 16' N.
Bojano, t Italy, 42 m, N, Naples.
Bojanowa, t. of the Prussian states, in the grand
duchy of Posen, near the frontier of Silesia,
Boinak, district, Persia, iu Daghestan, on the
Tmtsche, The town Boinak is near the Caspian
sea, 26 ra. N, N. W. Derbend.
Boinitz, t Hungary, lira. W. N. W. Kremnitz.
Boire, t France, in Mayenne, 7 m. W. Sable.
Bois blanc, isl. at the lower end of Gros Isle in
the mouth of Detroit river. The eastern channel,
between it and the Canada shore, is about ^ of a
mile wide, and is deep enough for the largest ves
sel ; the Western is much wider, but is shallow,
and full of small islands.
Bois Blanc, Lake, N. America, between Lake
Superior and the Lake of the Woods.
Bois-Commun, t. France, in Loiret, 24 ra, E. S,
E, Orleans,
Bois-k-Duc, or Bosch, t. Netherlands, in.Dutch
Brabant, at the conflux of the Doramel and Aa.
It is surrounded with walls, flanked by seven bas
tions. Pop, 13,347, 18 m, E, N, E. Breda, 42 S,
S. E. Amsterdam. Lon. 5° 9' E. lat 51° 40' N.
Boissesson d'Aumontel, t. France, iuTarn, 8 m.
E. Castres. Pop. 3,100.
Boitsenburg, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, 38 ra. E. S. E. Hamburg.
Bolea, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 23 m. N. N. E, Ho
deida. Bokhara. See Bukharia.
Bokla. See Backergunge.
Bolabola, one of the Society islands, about 24 m,
in circumference. Lon. 151° 52' W, lat 16° 32'
N. Bolas, r. P, America, falls into the gulf of
Guayaquil. Bolak, t Italy, 6 m, N, W. Milan,

Bolcan, t. S, America, in 'Tucuman, 20 ra. N,
Jujui, Bokh, mountain, France, in Upper Rhine,
3,800 feet above the level of the sga, being the
highest of the Vosges,
Bokhow, t Russia, in Orel, on the Nugr, 32 m-
N, N. W, Orel, Pop, 5,400,
Bold, t. Eng. Lancashire, 2 ra, fr, Prescot
Boldfountain, p-v, Charlotte co, Va.
Boldo, t. Syria, on the site of the ancient Paltos,
16 ra. fr. Latakia.
Boli, t. A. Turkey, in NatoUa, 74 ra N. W. An
gora, 140 E. Constantinople. Lon. 31° 20' E. lat.
41° 30. N.
BoUngbroke, t. Eng. in Lincoln, 13 m. N. E.
Boston. BoUngbroke, v. Talbot co. Md, at the conflu
ence of BoUngbroke creek with the Qlioptank, 5
m. E. Oxford.
BolipkilM, t. Russia, on the W. side of the Vol
ga, 124 ra, S. Saratov.
Bolkenhayn, t. Silesia, the capital of a circle in
the principality of Schweidnitz, 10 m. N- W.
Schweidn^tz, 40 S. W. Breslau. Lon. 16° 6' E.
lat. 50° 46' N. Pop. 1,350.
Bolkowitz, t. SUesia, in the principality of Glo'
gau, 15 m. S, Glogau,
BoU, t. and district Switzerland, 10 m. S. Fri
bourg. Bollebec, t. France, in Lower Seine, 17 m. W.
Plavre. Pop. 6,000.
BoUene, t. France, in Vaucluse, 10 ra. N. Or
ange. Pop. 4,000.
Bollense, Palenzerthal, or Valk di Bregno, one
of the most fertile vallies of Switzerland, in the
canton of the Ticino.
Bolina de Valdelora, t. Piedraont, 25 m. N. of
Nice. Pop. 1,000.
Bollington, t. Eng. in Cheshire. Pop. 1,518. '
3 ra. N, Macclesfield.
Bologna, anciently Bononia, the second city in
magnitude and opulence in the Ecclesiastical
states, is at the foot of the Appenines, between the
Savena and Rino, in a rich and fertile valley.
The churches are of ingenious and costiy archi
tecture, and are adorned in the interior with
beautiful paintings. Fifty of these were carried
off by Bonaparte in 1796, but were restored with
the other Italian works of art, in 1815, Here is
a famous university. It Consists of five faculties,
theology, canon law, Roman law, medicine, and
philosophy. The Spaniards, Germans, Hungari
ans, lUyrians, Flemish, Piedmontese, and other
nations, have each their particular college. The
principat manufactures are cloth, silk stockings,
and other stuffs ; satins, damasks, taffeta, velvet,
gauze, crape, and linen, which give occasion to
an active trade with Genoa, Leghorn, and Ven
ice, the most important branch of which is in
twisted silk. In 1799, Bologna was taken by the
Austrian general Klenau ; but after the battle of
Marengo, it feU into the hands of the French. It
is now restored to the pope. 24 ra. S. E Modena,
26 S, E. Ferrara, 48 N. Florence, 180 N. N. W.
Rome. Lon. 11° 21' 30" E. lat. 44° 30' 12" N.
Bpkgna, v. Italy, in Marca d' Ancona, territory
of Camerino.
Bolognese, or Legation of Bologna, a jirovince
of Italy, in the pope's dominions, having the Fer-
rarese on Uie N. Romagna on the E. Tuscany on
the S. and Modena on the W, Pop. 200,000.
The inhabitants have long had the reputation o'f
being lovers of learning and the art".

116

BOM

Bolschaia, t. Russia, on the Irtisch, 240 m.E. S,
li, Tobolsk.
Bolschaia Reka, or the Great River, Kamtschat
ka, after a cburse of 120 miles, falls into the sea of
Okhotzk, in lat. 54° 52' N,
Bolscheretsk, t. and fort, Kamtschatka, on the
Bolschaia Reka, 20 m. from its mouth. Lon^l57°
E, lat, 53° N.
Bolsena, t. Italy, in the pope's dominions, 8 m.
S, Orvieto. Lon. 11° 54' E. lat. 42° 37' N.
Bolsover, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 5 m. E. Ches
terfield. Bolswaard, t. Netherlands, in West Friesland,
7 ra. S. S. E. Harlingen, 13 S. W. Leuwarden.
Lon, 6° 27' E. lat. 63° 7' N.
Bolt Head, promontory, on the coast of Eng. 19
m. S. E. Plymoutii. Lon. 3° 48' W. lat. 60° 13' N.
Bolton, V, Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. S. E. Rich
mond. Bolton, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, on Lake
Memphrcmagog, S. E. Montreal. Pop. 800.
Bolton, p-t Chittenden co. Vt on Onion river,
18 ra. N. W. MontpeUer. Pop. 249.
Bolton, p-t Worcester co. Mass, 18 m, N, E.
Worcester, 33 W. Boston. Pop. 1,037.
Bolton, p-t. ToUand co. Ct. 14 m. E. Hartford.
Pop. 700.
Bolton, p-t. Warren co. N. Y. on Lake George,
14 m. N. Caldwell. Pop. 726.
Bolton k Moor, t. Eng. in Lancashire, consist
ing of tvro townships, Great and Little Bolton.
Pop. 24,149: viz, of Great Bolton 17,070; of Lit
tie Bolton 7,079. 11 m. N, Manchester, 197 N,
N. W. London.
Bolus-Head, cape, Ireland. Lon. 10° 12' W.
M, 51° 44' N,
Boluxas Indians, 100 in number, 60 m. below
Natchitoches. Bomba Anjou, s-p. Vv'^. Africa, at the raouth of
the Zaire. Lat 6° 10' S.
Bombay, isl, on W, coast of Hindostan, contain
ing the city of Bombay, which is the capital of all
the British settieraents on that side of the peninsu
la. The island is 64 miles long from N. to S. and
about 1 mile broad near the fort. It is separated
from the mainland by a narrow strait, and is con
nected with the neighboring island of Salsette by a
causeway. 177 m. S. W, Surat Lon. 72° 38' E,
lat 18° 58' N.
The city is about amile in length, and a quarter
of a mile in breadth, and is surrounded by fortifi
cations. In the centre is the Green, a large open
space, which is surrounded with many large and
well built houses. Here is the English church.
On the right of the church gate is Uie bazar or
market-place, which is crowded and, populous,
and is well supplied with all kinds of merchandize
and provisions. The bazar is the residence of the
native merchants. Besides the English church,
there are numerous temples for the Hindoos,
and mosques for the Mahometans, a synagogue
for the Jews, chapels for the Portuguese Roman
Catholics, aud a Presbyterian church.
Bombay commands an extensive commerce
with the countries on the Persian and Arabic
gul&, with the west and east coasts of India, the
islands in the Eastern ocean, and China, With
Europe also, and with different parts of America,
it carries on a, considerable trade..
Ship-building is carried to great perfection by
the Pcrsees ; and for this employment Bombay is
Well fitted, on account of the immense teak forests

BON
which lie along the W, side of the Ghaut mous-
tains. Here are rope-walks equal to any m Eng
land, with the exception of the king's yard at
Portsmouth, a large and magnificent dock-yard,
and forges for aU kinds of smith's work. With all
these advantages, Bombay has become an impor
tant naval arsenal; and within these few years
ships of from 600 to 1,000 tons have been built in
its yards, equal in durability and beauty of con
struction to any in the world.
The population is estimated at 220,000, of whom
about three-fourths are Hindoos, 8,000 Persees,
8,000 Mahometans, 3 or 4,000 Jews, and Portu
guese in considerable numbers.
Bombay has been in possession of the English E,
India company since 1688. The administration
is vested in a governor and three counciUers, who
are placed under the control of the supreme gov
ernment of Bengal, The cUmatc of Bombay often
proves fatal to Europeans ; the liver complaintie-
ing raore frequent'here than in any other part of
India. The American Board of Commissioned for For
eign Missions have employed several Missionaries
in this city audits neighborhood since 1814, la
1820 the number of missionaries was 5; holding
their primary seat in Bombay, and occupying a
station at Mahim, distant 6 mUes on the N. ^srt cf
the same island, and another at Tannah, distant
25 mUes, on the island of Salsette, of which itis
the chief town. Their principal and daily work
is preaching the gospel to the heathen. In prose
cution of it they not only visit the- temples and pla
ces of resort in the city, but make circuits upon
the islands, and in the provinces of the continent.
They have also engaged in the translation of the
Scriptures, lu 1819 they had translated the
whole of the New Testament and a considerable
part of the Old, into the Mahratta language,
which is spoken not only in Bombay, but by many
millions on the neighboring continent 'There is
a printing press attached to the mission, and large
editions of select portions of the Bible, and numer
ous tracts have afready been published. Another
object, on which the Missionaries have bestowed
much attention, is the education of native chil
dren. In 1819, tiie total number em-oUed in their
schools, as regular pupils, -was more than 1,000,
and funds only were wanting to increase the num
ber almost indefinitely. In all tiie schools, those
who can read, are daily employed in reading or
committing to memory portions of the Bible or re
ligious tracts.
Bombay-hook, isl. in Dela-ware bay, at the
mouth of Duck creek, 9 m. S. Reedy-island. By
a canal of 1 1 miles, the water of the Chesapeake
and Delaware might be connected at this point
Bombichi, t Syria, 44 m, E. N. E. Aleppo.
Bommel, t. Dutch Guelderland, on an island
formed by the Maese and Uie Waal, Pop, 2,900.
7 m, N, Bois-le-Duc, 60 N. E. Antwerp, Lon, 4"
55' E. Lat. 51° 48' N.
Bommelwaert, isl, Netherlands, in Dutch Gueld
erland, formed by tiie Maese and the Waal, and
about 16 miles long, and 6 broad,
Bomranzepollam, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 50
m. W. N. W. Madras.
Bona, s-p. .\lgiers, called by the Arabs Blaid-
el-Aneb. It has a capacious harbor. It was one
of Uie settieraents of the French African compa
ny, established during the reign of Louis XIV,
They exported large quantities of wool, wax, bul-

BON

BOO

m

Ibcks' hides, and corn. In 1805 it was ceded to
the English, 66 ra, N, N. E, Constantina, Lon.
7° 45' E, Lat. 36° 52' N.
Bona, r. N, Araerica, runs into the bay of Cam-
peachy, Bonaa, isl, off Coram, Lon, 128° 5' E. Lat. 3°
3'S. Bonacca, or Guano/o, isl. in the bay of Hon
duras. Lon. 86° 23' W. Lat. 16° 30' N.
Bonamas, or Bonias, t, Germany, 3 m, N. N, W,
Frankfort Bonandrea, Cape, the N, point of Scarpanto
island. Bonanza, t Spain, on the Guadalquivir, near
its mouth. Large vessels unload their cargoes
here, for the city of SevUle.
Bonarbashy, v. Asia Minor, the site of the hot
springs in the plain of Troy.
Bonaventure Island, Lower Canada, at the N.
entrance into Chaleur bay.
Bonavista, one of the Cape de Verd islands, 48
miles in circumference. Lon. 22° 59' E. Lat 16°
17' N.
Bonavista, Cape, on the E. side of Newfound
land, in W. lon. 52° 32'. N. lat. 48° 15'.
Bond, CO. IlUnois, on Kaskaskia river. Chief
t. Independence. Pop. in 1818, 1,382.
BondaneUo, v. Italy, in the duchy of Modena.
Bonden, reef of rocks in the gulf of Bothnia.
Lat. 63° 33' N.
Bondeno, t. Italy, at the confluence of the Pa-
naro and the Po d'Argento, 9 m. W. Ferrara.
Bondorf, t iu Baden, 28 ra. N. Zurich. Lon.
8°20'E. Lat 47° 52' N.
Bondou, a kingdom of central Africa, bounded
E. by Bambouk, S. E. and S. by Tenda and the
wilderness of Simbani, S. W. by WooUi, W. by
Foota Torra, and N. by Kajaaga. The inhabi
tants trade -with Gedumah, and other Moorish
countries. Bonef, t Netherlands, 9 m. N. Namur.
Bonghir, t. and district, Hind, in Hyderabad.
Lon. 79° 5' E. Lat 17° 18' N.
Bonhampton, v. Middlesex co. N. J. 6 m, N. E.
New-Brunswick, Bonhomme, t. St. Louis co. Missouri.
Boni Bay, called Sewa by the natives, and
Buggess by the Europeans, on the S, coast of the
island of Celebes. Lon. 121° 20' E. Lat 4° S.
Bonifacio, s-p. Corsica, on the strait which
separates this island from Sardinia, and is called
Straits of Bonifacio. Lon. 9° 9' 16" E. Lat. 41°
23' 10" N.
Bonafacio, Capo di, the S. E. point of Corsica.
Bonn, t of the Prussian states, on the left bank
of the Rhine. The court of the Elector of Co
logne was formerly held here. 14 m. S. S. E, Co
logne, 30 E, Aix-la-Chapelle, Lon, 7° 6' E, Lat
50° 40' N, Pop. 9,000.
Bonnat, t France, in Creuse, 12 m. N, Gueret,
Bonne, t Savoy, 10 m, E, S, E. Geneva,
Bonnefanme, t Howard co, Missouri,
Bonnet, r. Ireland, runs into Lough Gill.
Bonnet Islands, in the Mergui archipelago, Lat.
10° 29' N.
Bonnetable, t France, in Sarthe, 15 m. N. E.
LeMans, Pop, 4,600. '
Bonneval, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, 20 m.
S, Chartres,
Bonnevilk, t. Savoy, 14 m. N, E, Annecy, Lon.
6°21'E. Lat 46° 4'N,
Bonnieres, t France, in Seine-and-Ofse, 25 m.
N, W. Versailles,

Bonny, t, France, on the Loire, 45 m. W. S. W.
Orleans, -Bono, isl. in the EngUsh channel. Lon. 3° 32'
W, Lat, 48° 53' N.
Bono, p-t. Orange co, Indiana, 15 m, N, Paoli.
Bonsall, t. Eng. Derbyshire, 3 ra. N. Wirks-
worth. Bonsecours, seigniory, Richelieu co, Lower-
Canada, 37 m, N. E, Montreal.
Bonsecours, seigniory, Buckingham co, Lower-
Canada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 22 m.
S, W. Quebec.
Bonsecours, seigniory, Devon co. Lower-Cana
da, on the S, side of the St, Lawrence, 41 m, N.'
E, Quebec,
Bonthain, t. and district of Celebes, at the S.
extreraity of the island, Lon, 120° 9' E. Lat. 5°
20' S.
Bonum, settlement, Missouri, 10 m. S. St.
Charles, 20 W, St, Louis, It extends not less than
16 miles east and west, and from 6 to 10 north and
south. The land is fertile and well watered.
Booberack, r. Algiers, runs into the Mediterra
nean, a little W. of Dellys.
Boobooan, isl. of the Sooloo archipelago. Lon.
122° 9' E. Lat. 6° 17' N.
¦ Booby Island, nearthe N. coast of New-Hol
land. Lon. 141° 56' E. Lat 10° 36' S.
Booby Island, W. Indies, near St. Christopher's.
Booby Rock, isl. off the coast of New Ireland.
Lon. 159° 24' E. Lat. 21° 24' S.
Boodicotta, t. Hind, in Mysore, 30 m, S. E.
Bangalore. Boodroom, or Boudrun, t, Asia Minor, in Cara
mania, supposed to occupy the site of the ancient
Halicarnassus. Lon. 27° 20' E. Lat 37° N.
Booferjoone, v, Algiers, 125 m. S. S. E. Sher-
shell. Boogebaoge, t. Hind, cap, of Cutch, Lon. 69°
46' E. Lat 23° 15' N,
Boojemah, i. Algiers, joins the Seibouse, near
Bona, Bool, or Bullum, district, Hind, in Canara.
Lat. 13° N.
Bool . See Bohol.
Boolecambra, t. and districtj at the S. extremitv
of Celebes, Lon, 120° SO' E. Lat, 6° 27' S.
Boom, t Netherlands, 10 m, S. Antwerp.
Boonah, t. A. Turkey, oji the Black sea. Lon.
38° E. Lat 40° 44' N.
Boondy, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 75° 35' E,
Lat ,25° 26' N.
Boone, co. Ken. on the Ohio, Pop. 3,608.
- Slaves, j666. Chief t Burlington.
Booner-Schans, fort, Netherlands, 15 m. S..
Embden. Boonesboro, p-v. Washington co. Md.
Boonesboro, t Madison co. Ken. on Kentucky
river, at the mouth of Otter creek, 15 m. S. E.
Lexington. Pop, 68,
Booneslick, t Howard co. Missouri.
Boone's mills, p-v. White co. Illinois.
Boone's settlement. See Howard county.
Booneton, p-v. Morris co. N. J,
Boonvilk, p-t, Oneida co. N. on Black river, 27
m, N. Utica. Pop, 393,
Boo-Shatter, supposed to be the ancient Utica-.
20 m, N, Tunis,
Boosnah, t and district. Hind, in Bengal. Lon.
- 89° 39' E. Lat. 23° 32' N,
Bootan, country, Asia, lying between Bengal
and Thibet, between 26° and 28° N, lat. It is
very raountainous. The prince of this country il

118

BOR

tributary to the grand Lama of Thibet, and very
jealous of intercourse with Bengal,
Boothbay, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 10 m, S. E,
Wiscasset, The bay extends 12 railes inland,
and affords a bold aud safe harbor of 9 fathoras
water. The soil of Boothbay is rocky.
Booth Goldshaw, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 8 ra, fr,
Burnley, Booth Higher, adjoins Booth Gold
shaw, Pop, 2,568, Booth Lower, adjoins Booth
Higher, Bootle, t. Eng, 2 ra, fr, Liverpool,
Bopal, t, and territory, Hind, in Malwah. Lat
23° 16' N. Lon, 77° 37' E,
Bopjingen, t, Wirtemberg, 28 ra, N. N. E, Ulm,
Lon. 10° 22' E. Lat, 48° 48' N.
Boppart, t. of the Prussian states, on the Rhine,
8 m, S. Coblentz.
Boques creek, Ohio, runs into Scioto river, 5 m.
W. Delaware.
Borah, t. Hind, in MalwaJi, 30 m. S. W. Se-
ronge. Borang, isl. Sumatra, in the river Palambang,
20 m. below the city Palambang,
Boras, t. Sweden, in West Gothland, province
of EUsboirg, 10 m. S.W. Ulricaham,
Borba, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 7 m. E, Estre-
moz, Borbo, r. Piedmont, falls into the Tanaro at
Asti. Borckeloe, v, Netherlands, on the Berckel, 12
m. E, N. E. Zutphen,
Bord, t. France, in Correze, on the Dordogne,
32 ra. E. N. E. TuUe.
Bordentown, p-t. Burlington co. N. J. on Dela
ware river, 6 m. below Trenton, 24 above Phila
delphia. It contains about 100 house's, and is the
seat of an academy.
Bords, Les, t France, in Arriege, 12 m. S. E.
Foix. Bordesholm, v. of the Danish states, 35 m. N.
Hamburgh. Bordighera, t. Genoa, 8 m. E. Albenga.
Bare, r. Ireland, runs into the Slaney.
Borghetto, t. Austrian empire, in Trent, 8 m.
S, S. W. Roveredo.
Borghetto, t Italy, in Lodi, on the Lambro.
Borghetto, v. Italy, in the Veronese, on the
Mincio, opposite Valeggio, and N. of Mantua,
Borgholm, fort, Sweden, on the Island of Oe-
land. Borgne, Lake, Louisiana, connected on the W,
with lake Ponchartrain by the Rigolets, and on
the E, with the gulf of Mexico. It is about 40
miles long and 15 broad,
Borgo, t. Russia, in Finland, on the gulf of
Finland, Lon, 25° 40' E, Lat 60° 23' N,
Borgo, three military villages in Transylvania,
9 m, N, E, Bistritz.
Borgo, St. Donnino, t Italy, 12 m, N. W. Par
ma. Borgo d'Osma, t Spain, in Old Castile, 40 m.
S. E. Burgos. Lon. 2° 57' W, Lat, 41° 46' N.
Borgo di St. Angelo, formerly Citta Viltoriosa,
fort, Malta, near La Valetta,
Borgo di St. Sepokro, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 48 m,
E, S, E, Florence, Lon, 12° 8' E, Lat, 43° 35' N.
Borgo diSesia, t. Italy, in Milan, 50 ra, N. N. E.
Turin. Lon, 8° 16' E. Lat, 45° 43' N,
Borgo di Val di Taro, t, Italy in Parma, 23 ra.
S, W. Parma, 36 S. Cremona.
Borgo di Val Sugana, t. Austrian empire, in
Tvrol. on Dip Brentn, nearthe Italian frontier.

BOR
Borgoforte, t. Italy, 7 m, S. S, W. Mantua.
Borgo Franco, t Piedmont, 3 m. N. Ivrea.
Borgo Kanuzzi, States of the Church, in Bolog
na, on the Reno.
Borgo St. Dalmasio, v. Piedmont, 3 m. S, W.
Coni, Pop, 4,000,
Borgo Vercelli, t. Piedmont, in the Novarese, 3
m. N. E. Vercelli.
Borja, t Spain, in Arragon, 34 m, W. N. W.
Saragossa. Borissogkbsk, t. Russia, onthe Wolga, 20 m, W,
Jaroslav. Borissogkbsk, t Russia, onthe Worona, 72m. S.
S. E. Tarabov.
Borissov, t. Russia, on the Beresina, 38 m. E.
Minsk. Borken, t Germany, 30 m. W. Munster. Lon,
6° 48' E. Lat 52° 51' N.
Borkum, isl. on the coast of East Friesland.
Borla, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, supposed to be
the ancient Bithynium.
Bormes, t. France, in Var, 24 m. N. W. Fre
jus. Bmmia, or Borwida, r. Piedmont, runs into the
Tanaro near Alexandria.
Bormio, t. Austrian Italy, at the influx of the
FredoUb into the Adda, 45 m. N. W. Trent Lod.
10° 22' E= Lat 46° 17' N.
Boma, t Saxony, 12 S. S. E. Leipzig.
Borne, r. Eng. runs into the Tame.
Borneo, an island of Asia, which, next to New
Holland, is the largest in the world, being
800 miles long by 700 broad. The coast, for 10
or 15 miles inland, is mostly marshy, and its cU
mate unhealthy to Europeans. On tiiis island are
found fine diamonds, some of which weigh
20, 30, or 40 carats ; fron, copper and tin, and
pearls. Among the vegetables are deUcioui
fruits, pepper, and the camphor tree. Pep
per is the staple product, and of camphor about
4375 pounds are annually exported. Flocks of
deer, and wild hogs, feed on the spacious plains ;
but its most singular quadruped, is the ouran-
outang, Borneo is inhabited by various races of
men. Some are said to be mild and tractable,
especially those dweUing on the coast ; others in
the interior are represented as a wild and savage
people. Many Chinese are settled here, who car
ry on a very active commerce, and engross the
whole trade of the island ; and the coast is inhab
ited by a mixture of Malays, Javanese, and the
natives of Celebes. The total population is cal
culated at three milUous. Among the principal
towns is Banjarmassing, towards Uie southern ex
tremity, where the Dutch have a fort aud factory,
A considerable trade is carried on between Bor
neo and various parts of the east. The imports
consist of opium, scarlet clotii, India piece goods,
brass wire, cutiery, arms, and gunpowder. Span
ish dollars are the current coin. Several of the
European powers have endeavoured to establish
colonial settiements in Borneo, but with the ex
ception of the Dutch, none* of these has had any
permanent success, Lon. from 109° to 119° E,
Lat, 4° N, to 7° 25' S.
Borneo, s-p. and cap, of the kingdom of Borneo,
in the N. W. part of the island, 10 m. from
the sea. The sultan of Borneo resides here. Lon,
114° 44' E. Lat 4° 56' N.
Bomlieim, t, Netherlands, 8 ra. N. E. Dender
monde, Bornholm, isl, Denmajrk, iothe Bjdtic, In the

BOS
interior there are quarries of marble, lime, sand
stone, and free stone, coalmines, and vitriol works.
Lou. 16° E. Lat, 55° 10' N.
Bornou, an extensive kingdom in the interior
of Africa, bounded N, by the desert of BUina and
of Lybia, ; E, by countries unknown ; S, by
Bergoo and Bergherrae ; W. by Cassina and As
ben. The eraperor is one of tiie most powerful
sovereigns in the interior of Africa. Bergoo, Beg
herme, Wangara, and Cassina, are his tributaries.
The chief grain is Indian corn. The whole coun
try is traversed by a great river called the Wed-
el-Gazel, which runs from south to north, and is
lost in the desert of Bilma, The commerce of
Bornou is cliiefly carried on by the merchants of
Mourzouk, in Fezzan, which forms a central point
for the interior co{Qmerce of Africa. The im
ports consist of brass and copper ; red woollen
caps, check Unens, Ught coars^ cloth, baize, car
pets, silk ; sabre blades, Dutch knives, scisears,
coral beads, small looking-glasses, and Gooroo
nuts, from the south of Niger.' The exports are
slaves, gold, and civet
Bornou, cap, of the kingdom of Bornou is about
a day's journey from the Wed-el-Gazel. It is
said to be a large city. It is placed by major Ren-
neU, in lon. 22° 57' E. lat 24° 32' N.
Borodino, v. Russia, near the river Moskwa, 90
m. W. Moscow, remarkable for the great battie
fought tiiere, on 7th Sept 1812, between the
French and jRussians,
Boroughbridge, t. Eng. Yorkshire, 17 m. N. W.
York. Boroails-chi, t. Russia, 86 ra. E, S. E. Novgo
rod. Borowsk, t Russia, 60 m. S. W. Moscovr.
Borriana, t Spain, 21 ra, N, Valencia,
Borromei Islands. See Lago Maggiore.
Borrowstownness, s-p. Scotlaud, on the S. bank
of Uie Fortii, 18 m. W. Edinburgh.
Borselen, v. Netherlands, on the island of South
Beveland. Bosa, s-p. ou the W, coast of Sardinia. Lon.
8°42r E. Lat40°18'N. ,
Boscastle, or Botereaux, t. Eng, in Cornwall, on
the Bristol channel, 16 m. W. N, W. Launceston.
Boscawen, p-t HiUsborough co. N. H. ou thp
Merrimack, 8 m, N, W. Concord. Pop, 1,829.
Bosch, isl. in the North sea, off Groningen. Lon.
6° 53' E. Lat. 53° 33' N. "
Bosco, or Boschi, t Piedpiont, 6 m. S. E. Ales
sandria. Bosham, or Bosenham, v. Eng. in Sussex, on an
arm of the sea, 3 m. W. Chichester,
Boshavir. See Bushire.
Boshuanas, numerous tribes in the interior of
S, Africa, whose territory extendsfrom 26° to 20°
S, lat.
Bosjesmans. See Hottentots.
Boskowitz, t. Moravia, 22 m. W. Olmutz.
Bosna, r. Eu, Turkey, runs into the Save, 50 m.
fr, Bosna-Serajo.
Bosna-Serajo, t Eu, Turkey, cap. of Bosnia,
118 ra, W. Belgrade, 230 S. Vienna. Lon. 18° 5'
E. Lat. 44° 26'N. Pop. 12,000.
Bosnia, country, Eu. Turkey, separated from
Sclavonia on the N. by the Save, from Servia on
the E, by the Drino, from Dalmatia on the S, by
a ridge of mountains, and from Croatia on the W.
by the Verbas. It is full of mountains, but con
tains fruitful fields and vineyards. The inhabi
tants are of Sclavonian origin. They are gencr-
ally.of the Greek religion.

BOS

119

Bosphorus, or Strait of Constantinople, the strait
between the Black sea and the sea of Marmora,
about 1 or 14 mile broad, and 20 miles long. It is
called Bogaz by the Turks,
Bossiney, or Trevenna, t. and borough, Eng, in
Cornwall, on the Bristol channel, 4 m. N.W.
Camelford. Bossut, V. Netherlands, in Hainault, 6 ra, from
Mobs, Bost, city, Persia, 60 ra. S, W. Candahar. Lon.
64° 46' E. Lat. 32° 30'N.
Bostan, or Olukisla el Bostan, t. A, Turkey, ia
Natolia, 50 m, N, N. W. Marasch,
Boston, s-p. Eng. Lincoln co, on the Withara,
119 m, N, London.
Boston, s-p. and cap. Mass, in Suffolk co. and
the largest town in New-England, 115 m. S, S.W.
Portland, 56 S, by W. Portsmouth, 40 N. N. E.
Providence, 100 E, N. E, Hartford, 210 N, E.
New York, 300 N. E. Philadelphia, 436 N. E.
Washington, and 300 S. S, E, Montreal,
It is pleasantly situated at the bottom of Massa
chusetts-bay, on a peninsula of an uneven surface,
2 miles long, and in the widest part about 1 mile
wide. The harbor is one of the best in the United
States, It has a sufficient depth of water for the
largest vessels at all times of tide, and is accessible
at all seasons of the year. It is safe from every
wind, and so capacious that it will allow 600 ves
sels to ride at anchor, while the entrance is so
narrow as scarcely to admit 2 ships abreast The
entrance is well defended by Fort Independence
and Fort Warren,
Boston is very extensively engaged in com
merce. There are probably few cities in the
world where there is so much wealth in propor
tion to the population. The amount of shipping
owned here in 1815, was 143,420 tons; a greater
amount than belonged to any other port in the Uni
ted States, except Nevif York, 'The country in
the imraecUate vicinity is fertile and populous, and
connected with the capital by fine roads. The
Middlesex can8d opens a water, communication
with the interior of New-Hampshire.
Among the literary institutions are the Boston
Athenaeum, which contains about 18,000 volumes,
the Boston library, which has 6 or 6,000, and sev
eral other libraries belonging to literary societies.
Among the benevolent institutions are the Gene
ral Hospital, founded in 1818, which has been rich
ly endowed by the liberality of the State and of
individuals, and a Hospital for the Insane, the
buildings of which are situated in Charlesto-wn,
There are four bridges connecting Boston wiUi
the adjacent towns. Charles river bridge, which
connects it with Charlestown on the north, is
1,603 feet long, 42 broad^ and stands on 75 piers.
West Boston bridge, connecting it with Cam
bridge-port on the west, is 3,483 feet long, and
stands on 180 piers. Cragie's bridge is between
these two, and connects it with Cambridge. A
bridge and dam were commenced in 1818 across
the bay on the S. W, side of the town, the ob
ject of which is to open a new avenue, and also
to create a. water power sufficient to put in opera
tion extensive tide mills, and other water works.
The houses in the older part of the towu are
plain, and the streets generally narrow and crook
ed ; but in West Boston and in several streets re
cently laid out, the private buildings are more
splendid than in any other town in the United
States. In 1817 there was erected on each side
of Market-street, a block of brick storee more than

120

B O T

400 feet in length, and 4 stories high ; a,nd on
Central Wharf, another iraraense pile of buildings
was corapleted the same year, 1,240 feet long,
containing 54 stores, 4 stories high, having a spa
cious hall in the centre, over which is erected an
elegant observatory.
Among the public buildings are the State house,
which is built on elevated ground, and com
mands a fine view of the surrounding country ;
the new court house, built of stone, at an expense
of $92,000 ; Faneuil haU, where aU town meet
ings are held ; a theatre ; an alms-house ; a cus
tom-house, and 28 places for public worship, 1 1 of
which are for Congregationalists, 4 for Episcopa
Uans, 4 for Baptists, 2 for Methodists, 3 for Univer-
saUsts, 1 for Roman CathoUcs, 1 for Friends, a
New-Jerusalem church, and the seamens' chapel.
The population in 1800 was 24,937, in 1810,
33,260 and in 1820, more than 43,000, 'The vi
cinity of Boston is very populous. The inhabi
tants have long been celebrated for their enter-
prize and inteUigence, and for the liberality with
which they support religious, Uterary, and hu
mane institutions.
The country around Boston is the admiration of
every traveller of taste. The view frora the
dome of the State house surpasses any thing of the
kind in this country, and is not excelled by that
from the castie hill of Edinburgh, or th-dt of the
bay of Naples, from the castle of St, Elmo. Here
may be seen at one view, the shipping, the harbor,
variegated with islands and alive with business ;
Charles river, and its beautiful country ornament
ed with elegant country seats ; and more than 20
flourishing towns. The hills are finely cultivated,
and rounded by the hand of nature, with singular
felicity, Boston, t Niagara co. (N. Y,) S. Buffalo.
Boston, t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga river,
18 ra, N, W. Ravenna,
Bosworth, t Eng. 11 m. W. Leicester.
Botany Bay, a bay on the S. E, coast of New
Holland, discovered by capt. Cook in 1770, It
has been since converted into a British settlement
for the reception of exiled criminals. The climate
is salubrious, the soil fertile, and the settlement
flourishing. In 1810, the population was 10,454,
viz. 5,513 men, 2,230 women, 2,721 children.
The colony consists of four districts, Sidney, Para
matta, Hawkesbury, and NewcasUe, and it has
two dependencies, Hobart's-town and Port Dal-
rymple, on Van Diemen's land, about 300 miles
distant. The chief commerce is in seal-skins, oil,
and whalebone, and a profitable contraband trade
is carried on with China and the South Sea isl
ands. See New Holland.
Botany Island, in the S, Pacific ocean, Lon.
168° 16' E. Lat. 22° 26' S.
Botesdale, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 5 m. fr. Eye.
Botetourt, co. Va. W. of the Blue-ridge. Pop.
13,301. Slaves, 2,275. Chief t Fincastle.
Bothnia, an extensive province in the north of
Europe, which is divided into East and West, by
the gulf of Bothnia. The whole was formerly in
the possession of Sweden, but the east division was
ceded to Russia in 1 309. West Bothnia belongs
under the title of a county, to the Swedish prov
ince of Norland, and is divided into the four dis
tricts of Umea, Pitea, Lulea, and Tornea.
Bothnia, Gulf of, that part of Uie Baltic which
separates Sweden from Finland, It extends frora
lat, 60° 20' to 65° 50' N,

BOU
Bothoa, t France, in Cote du Nord, 15 m. S.
Guingamp. Bothwell, V. Scotiand, in Lanark, on the Clyde,
9 m. fr. Glasgow.
Boticelli, Beit Giala, or Bottesham, v. Palestine^
8 m, N, W. Bethlehem, .
Botol Tabacosima, isl. in the Chinese sea, Lon.
117° 12' E. Lat 21° 67' N.
Botta, t. Italy, on the Po, 4 m. N, N, W. Pla
centia. Bottlehill, p-t. Morris co. N, J. 16 ra. N, W.
Elizabethtown. Bottomless Bay, on the coast of S. America.
Lat. 41° 50' S.
Bottwar, t. Wirteraberg. Lon. 9° 24' E. Lat
49° 1' N.
Botzen, t. Austrian empire, in the Tyrol, 27 m.
N. of Trent. Lon. 11° Iff E. Lat 46° 32' N.
Botzenburg, t. Prussian states, 47 m, N. BerUn.
Bova, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 20 ra. S. E.
Reggio. Lon. 16° 19' E. Lat. 37° 56' N.
Bo'uc, isl. on the S. coast of France. Lon. 4°
58* 49" E. Lat. 43° 23' 31" N.
Bouchain, t France, on the Scheldt, in tiie dep.
of the North. The fortifications are of great
strength. 7 ra. N. N, E. Cambray, 9 S. W. Va
lenciennes. Botichard, t France, 18 m. S. W. Tours.
Bouchenyille, seigniory, Kent co. Lower Cana
da, on the S. side of the St Lawrence, opposite
the island of Montreal, and about 10 m. E. of the
city. Boudet, r. runs into Lake St Francis, near the
boundary between Upper and Lower Canada.
Boudry, t Switzerland, on the Reuse. 14 m. S ,
W. Neufchatel.
Bovense, t Denmark, in the island of Funen.-
Boves, t. Piedmont, 4 m. S, Coni.
Bovey Tracey, t Eng. in Devonshfre, 5m.fi'.
Ashburton. Bougainville' s Bay, in the straits of MageUan,
Lon, 7'2 -^ 9' W. Lat 53° 50' N.
Bougainville' s Island, in the S, Pacific ocean.
Lon, 165° 20' E. Lat 6° S,
Bougainville's Straits, between Bougainville's
island, and one of Solomon's islands. Lon. 156°
E, Lat 6° 50' S.
Bougechito, r. rises in Mississippi, and running
S. E. joins Pearl river in Louisiana.
Boujeiah, or Bugia, s-p, Algiers, 80 m. E. Al
giers. Lon, 6° 10' E. Lat. 36° 42' N.
Boujepore, t. and district. Hind, in Bahar. Lon.-
84° 9' E. Lat. 25° 36' N.
Bouille Menard, t. France, in Maine-and-Lofre,
6 m. N. W. Segre.
Bouillon, duchy, Netherlands, between the
grand duchy of Luxemburg and the principality
of Liege. Prince Charles of Rohan now posses
ses it under the sovereignty of Uie king of the
Netherlands. It is about 18 miles long and9 broad.
Bouillon, cap. of the duchy of Bouillon, 50 m.
S. E. Namur. Lon. 5° 8' E. Lat 49° 48' N.
Bouin, isl. on the W. coast of France.
Bovines, t. France, 9 m, S, E, LiUe,
Bovino, t Naples, 28 m, E, N. E. Benevento.
Bouka, or Lord Anson's Island, in the S. Pa
cific ocean. Lat 6° S, Lon. 154° 34' E.
Boulay, t, France, 12 ra, E, by N, Metz.
Boulle, La, t France, 8 ra. S. W. Rouen.
Boulogne, s-p, France, iu Pas-de-Calais, The
harbor, formerly among the best on the coast, is
now nearly choked up with sand. Boulogne has

BOU
always' boen a favourite place of resort for Eng
lish emigrants. 22 ra, S, Calais, 45 1^, Abbeville,
154 N. by W. Paris, Pop. 10,140.
Bologne, t. France, 40 m, S. W. Toulouse,
Bouloire, t France, 8 ra, W. N, W, St. Calais.
Boundbrook, p-t. Soraerset co. N. J. on tiie N.
side of Uie Raritan, 7 m, above New-Brunswick.
Bavolenta, t, Italy, on the Baechiglione, 7 m, S.
E. Padua.
Bouquenom, t. France, 45 m. E. Metz. Pop.
2,800. Bourbon, an island in the Indian ocean, about
400 m. E. Madagascar. It is 48 miles long, and
36 broad, and is composed of two mountainsT' In
the smaUest or southern one, volcanic fires are
still raging. Coffee has long been the staple pro
duct of Bourbon. The tobacco grown here is of
good quality. The forests, contain wood fit for
ship-building; also aloes, ebony, palm, with a va
riety of trees that afford odoriferous gums and res
ins. Earthquakes are unknown here ; but it is
subject to violent hurricanes, which injure the
crops, often throw down houses, root up trees,
and occasion the destruction of shipping. The
population has been variously stated from 20,000
to 90,000. Lon. 56° 20' E. Lat 21° S.
'* Bourbon, co. Ken. lying between Licking and
Kentucky rivers. Pop. 18,009. Slaves, 4,169.
Chief t Paris.
Bourbon I'Arehambaud, t. France, 14 m. W.
MouUns. Bourbon L 'Ancy, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire,
36 ra. S. W. Autun,
Bourbonne les Bains, ti France, in Upper
Mame, 30 ra. S. E. Chaumont Lon. 5° 50' E.
Lat 47° 57' N.
Bourbonnois, a province of Old France, now
forms the department of the Allier.
Bourbon's river, a branch of the Maramek, in
St Louis CO. Missouri.
Bourbon-Vendee, t. France, cap. of Vendee, on
the Yon, 33 m. N. W. Fontenay le Peuple, 266 S.
W. Paris.
Bourbourg, t France, 24 m. S. E. Gravelines,
14 N. W. St, Omer.
Bourbriac, t. France, in Cote du Nord, 18 m,
W, St Brieux.
Bourchemin,. seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower
Canada, 33 m, E. Montreal.
Bourdeaux, city, and s-p. France,, cap. of Gi
ronde, on the left bank of the Garonne, 16 leagues
from its mouth. It has a university founded in
1441 ; an academy of arts and sciences, instituted
in 1712, which has a library of 20,000 volumes ;
and an academy of painting, sculpture, and ar
chitecture, founded in 1670.
The inland commerce, carried on through the
Garonne and Dordogne, is very extensive ; and
the maritirae commerce is, next to that of Mar-
seiUes, the greatest in France, The tide rises to
the height of 12 feet, so that large merchant ves
sels, and even frigates, can come up close to the
town. It has an extensive trade in wine and
brandy, with Britain, Ireland, "Holland, Sweden,
Denmark, the Hanse towns, and other northern
states. The principal imports are, from England,
woollen stuffs, tin, lead, coal, herrings, salted
flesh, leather, dye stuffs, and different kinds of
provisions ; from Holland, Denmark, and Swe
den, staves, deals, timber for ship building, hemp,
pitch, copper and cheese. The intercourse with
thp United Stales is very frequent, and is yearly 16

BOU

121

on the increase. 325 ra, S. W, Paris, hop. 0°
33' 69" W. Lat, 44° 50' 15" N. Pop, 92,374.
Bourdeaux, v. France, 28 ra, S, E, Valence,
Bourdeilk, t. France, 9 m. N. W. Perigueux.
Bourg Argental, t. France, 36 ra, S. W. Lyons.
Bourg d'Ault, s-p. France, 18 m, W, AbbevUle,
Bourg en Bresse, t, France, in Ain. Pop.
7,300. 20 m. E, Macon, Lon, 5° 13' 45" E, Lat
46° 12' 26" N,
Bourg-Deok, t. France, on the river Indre, 4
league N, Chateauroux,
Bourg-Lastie, t. France, 26 m, W. Clermont"
Ferrand. s
Bourglois, seigniory, Hampshire co, Low^-
Canada, 25 ra, W. Quebec,
Bourgmarie, East, seigniory, Buckinghara and
Richlieu counties, Lower-Canada, 36 m, S, Three-
Rivers. Bourgmarie, West, seigniory, Richelieu co,
Lower-Canada, 35 m, N. E. Montreal.
Bourg sur M(r, t. France, at the conflux of the
Dordogne and Garonne, 15 ra. N. E, Bourdeaux.
Bourg d'Oisatis, t France, 16 m. S.E. Grenoble.
Bourg de Peage, t France, 1 m. N. Valence.
Bourganeuf, t. France, 25 ra. E. N.E. Limoges.
Lon. 1° SO' E. Lat, 45° 57' N.
Bourges, t France, cap. of Cher, at the conflux
of the Evre and Auron. It has manufactures of
silk, woollen, and cdtton stuffs, stockings, caps,
and other articles of clothing. The chief objects
of ti'ade are corn, wine, cattle, wool, hemp, and
cloth. It was anciently caUed Avaricum, and af
terwards iSi/urigO!. 36 ra. N.W. Nevers, 156 S, Pa
ris. Lon.2°23'55"E. Lat47°5'4"N. Pop.16,400.
Bourget, t. Savoy, 4 m. S. W. Aix, 7 N. E.
Chamberry. Bourgneuf, t. on the W. coast of France, 22 m.
S. W. Nantes.
Bourgoin, t. France, in Isere, 25 ra. E. S. E.
Lyons. Bourgueil, t France, 25 m. S. W. Tours. Lon,
0° 15"W. Lat. 47° 17' N.
Bourlos, lake, Egypt, between theDaraietta aud
Rosetta branches of the Nile, about 40 miles long.
The town Bourlos, is 30 ra, E, Rosetta. Bourlos
Cape, is opposite the E. extremity of the lake,
Lon. 31° 16' fc. Lat. 31° 29' N.
Bourmont, t. France, on the Maese, 22 m. J^.
N, E, Chauraont
Boumabat, v. A, Turkey, 3 m, fr. Smyrna.
Bourne, t. Eng. 36 m, S. Lincoln.
Bourne, i. Eng. runs into the Avon, at Salis
bury, BourOi one of the Molucca islands, 75 miles
long, by 38 broad, and exceedingly fruitful inrice,
sago, flour, oranges, lemons, citrons, other fruits,
pepper, and the cayuputi tree, from which the na
tives obtain much cayuputi oil by distilling thp
leaves. Fine timber grows on this island, and
many kinds of beautiful wood, besides black and
white ebony, which are sought by the Dutch cab
inet raakers. On the N. E, coast there is a spa
cious bay, with a good harbor, called Cayeli Road,
much frequented by English whalers. 55 m, W,
Amboyna. The Dutch fort stands in lon. 12° 4'
E, lat -3° 24' S,
Bourtang, t. and fort, Netherlands, in Groning
en, 12 m. S. S. W. Winschoten,
Bourth, t France, in Eure, 6 m, N, W, Ver-
neuil, Boussa, t central Africa, on the Niger, E. of
Tombuctoo. Bm/ssac, t. Franee, 18 m, W. Mont-Lucoji.

122

B O Z

Boussille, t France, on thfe Loire, 25 ra. W, An-"
gers. Bouton, isl, near the S. E. coast of Celebes, 85
miles long, by 20 to 30 broad. The town of Bou
ton is in lon, 122° 30' E, lat. 5° 28' S,
Boatonne, r, France, joins the Charente, 6 ra.
E, Rochefort
Boutteville, t, France, 45 ra. E, Orleans.
Bouzonvilk, i. France, 19 m. N. E. Metz.
Bow, or Stratford le Bow, v. Eng. in Middlesex,
on the Lea, 4 ra, E, London.
Bowyt. Rockingham co. on the Merrimack, 6 m.
S. S. E. Concord, Pop, 729,
Bowdoin, p-t Lincoln co. Maine, 20 m. W.
Wiscasset. Pop. 1,649.
Bowdoinham, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 16 ra. W.
Wiscasset. Pop. 1,412.
Bowerbank, t. Penobscot co. Maine, 40 m. N.
W. Bangor.
Bowers, p-v. Essex co. Va.
, Bowers, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
Bowes, t. Eng. Yorkshire.
Bow Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon, 141°
12' W. Lat, 18° 23' S.
Bowling, t, Eng. in Yorkshire, Pop, 2,226,
Bowling-green, p-v, and cap, Caroline co. Va.
48 m. N. Richmond.
Bowling-green, p-v. and cap. Warren co. Ken.
about 30 m. E. Russel-ville. It has a bank. Pop.
155. Bowlinggreen, t Licking co, Ohio,E. of Newark.
Bowness or Bullness, t. Eng. in Curaberland, 10
m. from Carlisle.
Bau/yer's bluff, the W. point of Washington har
bour in Green bay. Lake Michigan, 86 m. N. E.
Fort-Howard, 99 S. W. Mackinaw. The bank for
many rods in extent presents a surfac? of naked
lime-stone, rising perpendicularly frora the lake
to the height of 40 or 50 feet. Recesses are worn
in it by the waves, and its base is strewed with
fragracnts of rocks, so that it resembles the ruins
of an ancient castle.
BowyersviUe, p-v. Southampton co. Va.
Box, V. Eng. 'Wiltshire, 7 m. from Chippenham,
Baxborough, t. Middlesex co. Mass, 30 m. N. W,
Boston, Pop. 388.
Boxford, t Eng, in Suffolk, 5 m. from Sudbury.
Boxford, p-t Essex oo. Mass. on the S, side of
the Merrimack, 14 m. above Newburyport, 16 N.
W. Salera. Pop. 880,
Boxmeer, v. Netherlands, 24 ra. E. Bois-le-Duc.
Boxtel, t. Netherlands, in Dutch Brabant, on
the Dommel, 5 m. S. Bois-le-Duc.
Boyd's creek, p-v. Sevier co. Ten.
Boyd's creek, Louisiana, runs into the Missisip
pi, lat 31° 50' N.
Boyd's-landing, p-v. Caldwell co. Illinois.
Boydstown, p-v. and cap. Mecklenburg. Va.
Boyk, t. Ireland, in Roscommon, 18 m. S. Sli
go- Boyle, p-t, Ontario co, N, Y, on Genesee river,
16 m, N, W. Canandaigua, Pop, 2,860,
Boylston, t Worcester co. Mass, 7 m, N, E,
Worcester, Pop, 800,
Boylston, West, p-t, Worcester co. Mass, 7 m, N.
Worcester, 44 W, Boston, Pop, 632.
Boyne, r. Ireland, falls into the Irish channel 4
m. below Drogheda,
Boyne Islands, or Islands of Benodet, near Ker-
guelen's Land, Lon, 68° 47' E, Lat, 49° 49' S,
Boyolalhe, t. Java^ 44 m, frora Saraarang,
Bozrah, or Bezer, in Sac, Geog, t, of the Reu-
benites ; another, the capital of Edom,

BRA
Bozrah, t- New-London co. Ct about.5 m. W.
Norwich. Pop. 960.
Bozzo, r. Italy, in Milan, issues from the Lago
Maggiore, and runs into the lake of Chivra.
Bozsolo, t. Italy, in Mantua, on the Oglio, IP
m, W. Mantua, 26 E. Cremona. Lon. 10° 20' 36"
E, Lat 45° 6' N.
Bra, t. Piedraont, on the Stura, opposite Che-
rasco. Pop. in 1802, 10,400 : 10 ra. S. E. Car-
raagnola. Lon, 7° 53' E. Lat 44° 43' N.
Brabant, Duchy of, province, Netherlands,
bounded N. by Holland and Guelderland, W. by
Zealand and Flanders, S. by Hainault and Namur,
E. by Liege and Guelderland. It formerly be
longed partly to the house of Austria, and parUy
to the United Provinces, and was di-rided into
Spanish or Austrian, and Dutch Brabant The
south part of it is known by the name of Walloon-
Brabant : in it the prevaiUng language is a spe
cies of corrupted French, while in the northern di.
vision the common people use the Flemish ; but
the higher classes tiiroughout speak pure French.
Brabant is divided into the quarters of Louvain,
Brussels, Antwerp, and Bois-le-Duc.
Braborg, v. Sweden, in E. Gothland, 24 m. E.
Nordkoping. Bracadak, v. Scotland, in the isle of Skye.
Lon. 6° 23' W. Lat 67° 22; N.
Bracciano, t Ecclesiastical states, on the lake
of Bracciano. Lon. 12° 15' E. Lat 4^ 5' N.
Bracevilk, p-t TrvunbuU co. Ohio, 7 m. S. W
Warren. Bracht, v. Prussian states, 6 m. W. Cologne.
Braekenheim, t Wirtemberg, 18 m. N. Stutt-
gard. Bracken, co. Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 3,706 :
slaves 358. Chief t Augusta.
Brackley, t. Eng. in Northampton, 13 m. S. S.
W. Northampton.
Bradano, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of Ta
ranto, Braddock' s field. Pa. the place where Braddock
was slain in an ambush of Indians, July 1755, on
TurUc creek, 6 m, E. S. E. Pittsburg.
Braddock' s bay, on the S. shore of L^e Ontario,
up 5 m. W. of the entranceof Genesee river. It sets
about 4 miles into the towns of Gates and Parma,
Bradfield, t. Eng. in Yorkshfre, 4 m. W. Shef
field, Pop. 4,354.
Bradford,t. Eng. in WUts, on the Avon, 7 m, S, E.
Bath. It is celebrated for the manufacture of su
perfine broad cloth. Pop. 6,435.
Bradford orBradforth, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 10
m. W, Leeds. Manufactures of worsted stuffs are
carried on here, more extensively than in any
other part of the kingdom. Pop. 7,767.
Bradford, p-t Hillsborough co. N. H, 20 m. W.
Concord. Pop, 1,034.
Bradford, p-t Orai^ co. Vt on Connecticut
river, 7 m. below Newbury. Pop. 1,302.
Bradford, p-t Essex co. Mass. on the S. side of
the Merrimack, opposite HaverhiU, 10 m. above
Newburyport ; 28 N. Boston. Pop. 1,369. Ves
sels of considerable burthen are built here. Great
quantities of leaUier shoes are made for exporta-
tionw Bradford academy is highly respectable,
and contains at present about 120 pupils. ,
Bradford, co. Pa. onthe Susquehannah. Chief
t. Means ville.
Brading, v. on the E. coast of the isle of Wight
Bradleyhall, p-v. Prince- WiUiam co. Va.
Bradley, North, t. Eng, Wiltshire, ? m. S,
Trowbridge,

BRA
Bradleyvale, t Caledonia co, Vt 40 m, N^, E.
MontpeUer. Bradleysvilk, p-v. Litchfield co Ct.
Bradninch, t Eng. in Devonshire, 6 m, N. E,
Exeter. Bradshaw, t Eng. in Derbyshire.
Bradwell, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 3 m. fr. Tides-
well. Braemar, a mountainous district, Scotiand, in
ihe S. W. part of Aberdeen county.
Braga, city, Portugal, capital of Entre-Douro-
e-Minho, on tiie Este. It is the seat of au arch
bishop, who is primate of tiie kingdora. Its hat-
manufactory suppUes a great part of Portugal. 27
m. N. N, E. Porto, 80 N. Coirabra. Lon. 8° 5' W;
Lat 41° 33'N. Pop. 13,000.
Braga, Archbishopric of, forms the third divis
ion of the province of Entre-Douro-e-Minho, in
Portugal. Pop. in 1810, 638,102.
Bragansa, t. Portugal, one of the oldest in the
kingdom, is situated on the Fervensa, in the prov
ince of Tras-los-Montes, 30 m. N. W. Miranda-
de-Duero. Lon. 6° 25' W. Lat 41° 44' N. Pop.
2,900. Bragansa, Nova. See Aveiro.
Brahestadt, t. Ru^ia, on the E. coast of Both
nia, 33 ra. S. S. W. Uleaborg. Lat. 64° 41' N.
Braiiilow, t Turkey, in Walachia, with a strong
citadel on the Danube, 130 m. S. S. W. Bender.
Lon. 28° 16' E. Lat 45° 16' N,
Braidalbin, district, Scotland, in Perthshire,
about 33 miles long, by 31 broad.
Brainerd, one of the missionary stations of the
American Board of Commissioners, among the
Cherokees. It is in the state of Tennessee, on
the Chickamaugah creek, a branch of the 'Ten
nessee river, 50 m. S, S. W. Washington in Ten.
100 E. N, E. Huntsville, 140 W. S. W. KnoxviUe.
Lat 36° 2' N. Lon. 86° 25' W. The estabUshment
• was made in 1817, and has been remarkably pros
pered. In 1820, houses for the accommodation of
the missionaries, a school-house, a ware-house,
and other buildings, had been erected, and a farm
of 60 acres brought under cultivation. Besides
instruction in reading writing, arithmetic, and
the* principles of religion, the young Cherokees
are here taught the most useful arts of civilized
life. The boys learn the use of the hoe and axe ;
while the girls employ themselves at the spinning
wheel and the needle. They manifest a facility
in acquiring knowledge, good order in, their be
haviour, and gratitude to thefr instructors. See
Cherokees. Brainerd' sbridge, p-v. in Nassau, Rensselaer co.
N.Y. Braine, t. France, 10 m, E. Soissons.
Braine I'Aleu, t Netiierlands, 10 ra. E. N. E.
Braine le Comte.
Braine le Comte, t Netherlands, in Hainault,
15 m, N. N. E. MOns, 16 S. S. W. Brussels.
Braintree, t, Eng. in Essex, 11 m, N. E. Chelms
ford. Braintree, t. Orange co. Vt. 21 ra. S. Montpe
Uer. Pop. 850.
Braintree, t. Norfolk co. Mass. on a bay, 8 m.
S. Boston. Pop. 1,351. It is the birth-place of
JoHir Adams, the second President of the United
States. Braintree, (New,) t Worcester co. Massi 18 m.
W.iWorcester, 58 W, Boston. Pop^ 912.
Braintr.em, p-v. Luzerne co. Pa. on the Susque
hannah, 50 m. above Wilkesbarre. Pop. 904.

BRA

123

Bralin, t, SUesia, 8 ra, E, Wartejiberg, Lon,
17° 56' E, Lat, 55° 18' N,
Bramant, t Savoy, on the riv^ Arc, 42 ra, E.
by S, Chamberry,
Bramber, t and borough, Eng, in Sussex,
Bramham, v, Eng, in Yorkshire, 4 m, S, Wcthr
erby, Bromley, t Eng, in Surrey,
Bramky, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 4 m, from Leeds.
Brampton, t Eng, iu Curaberland, 6 m, N, Car
lisle, Brampton, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 4 m, W, Ches
terfield, Brampton Bieralow, t Eng, Yorkshire, 6 m, fron)
Rotherham, Bramstede, v, Denmark, 21 m, N. Haraburg.
Bran, r. Scotland, falls into the Tay near Dun-
keld. Brancaleone, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 9 m,
S. E. Bova,
Brancaster, t Eng. in Norfolk.
Branco de Malambo, t. New Grenada, on the
river Madalena, 75 m. N. Carthagena. Lon. 76°
30' W. Lat 11° 40' N,
Brand, t. Saxony, 2 ra. S. Freyberg.
Brandeis, t Boheraia, on the Elbe, 13 ra.E. N.
E. Prague.
Brandenburg, Mark, or Marquisate of, the raost
important of the Prussian states, and the basis of
the monarchy, has Brunswick and Hanover on
the W. Mecldenburg and Poraerania on the N. the
grand duchy of Posen on the E. and Silesia, with
a part of Saxony, Anhalt, and Magdeburg, on the
S. It is divided into the electoral and the New
Mark ; the former comprehends the Old Mark,
the Priegnitz, the Middle Mark, and the Ucker
Mark. 'The principal towns are, in the Old Mark,
Stendal ; in the Middle Mark, Berlin, Branden
burg, Potsdam, and Frankfort on the Oder ; in
the Ucker Mark, Prenzlau ; in the New Mark,
Custrin, and in the Mark of Priegnitz, Perleberg.
The majority of the inhabitants are Lutherans,
the remainder Calvinists. Pop. in 1801, inclu
ding the military, 1,100,000. The arts and sci
ences are more cultivated here than in any other
part of the Prussian raonarchy. Berlin is both
the residence of the court and the centre of lite
rary establishments.
Brandenburg, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark
of Brandenburg, on the Havel, 31 ra. W. Berlin..
Pop. 13,000.
Brandts, t. Saxony, 9 ra. E. Leipsic.
Brandis, v. Switzerland, 11 ra. E. N. E. Berne,
Brandon, t. Eng. in Suffoll::, 5 ra, from Thet
ford. %
Brandon, p-t. Rutland co. Vt. on Otter creek,
12 ra, N. Rutiand, 40 S. W, MontpeUer. Pop.
1,375, Brandsoe, isl, Denmark, in the Little Belt, Lon.
9° 44' E. Lat, 55° 22' N,
-Bran% Po/s, islands in the St. Lawrence, 103
m. below Quebec, and opposite the mouth of Sa
guenay river,
Brandywine, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,257,
Brandywine hundred, New-Castle co. Del, Pop.
2,257, Brandywine creek, Delaware, runs S. 40 miles,
and joins Christiana creek at Wilmington. In the
course of 25 miles it descends 300 feet The Bran
dywine flour mills are at a smaU village 3 miles
ahove the mouth of the creek. They are 12 in
number, capable of grinding anmiaUy 400,00.0

124

BRA

busliels of grain, and employ about 200 persons.
By machines, the wheat is raised from the vessel's
deck to the upper loft of the mill, and is returned
in flour on the lower floor. A cargo is often laden
at the miUs, and carried to Philadelphia, 27 miles,
iu one day. The Brandywine gunpowder is cele
brated. The whole No. of mills on this creek in
1810, was 130. A battle Was fought at Chadd's-
ford between the British and Americans, Sept 11,
1777, after which the Americans retreated.
Branford, p-t New-Haven co. Ct on Long-
Island Sound, 10 m. E. New-Haven. Pop. 1,932.
Branzk, t. Russia, in Grodno, 16 m, W.
Bielsk, Branfome, t, France, 10 m, N, Perigueux,
Branton. See Braunton.
Braschin's creek. Ken, runs into Salt river, iu
Shelby county,
N Brasil. See Brazil.
Braslav, t, Russia, 76 m, N. N, E, WUna,
Braspars, t. France, in Finisterre,-^8 m, N, Cha
teau-Lin. Brassay. See Bressay.
Brassac, t. France, in Puy-de-Dorae, 9 m. S. Is
soire ; another in Tarn, 11 ra. E. Castres.
Braisos, r. Mexico, rises in 34° N, lat, and 105°
W, lon, and entering the province of Texas, dis
charges itself into the gulf of Mexico in 28° 40' N,
lat, after a course of 700 railes,
Bratskoi, t Siberia, in Irkutsk, on the Angara,
140 m, N, E, Nischney Udinsk,
Brattian, t. West Prussia, 48 m. E. Culn,
Brattkboro, p-t, Windham co, Vt, on Connecti
cut river, 36 m, E, Bennington, 41 above North
arapton, 96 W, N, W, Boston, Pop, 1,891.
Bratton, t Eng. in Wiltshire, 3 ra, E, N, E,
Westbury. Bratslav, t Russia, in Podolia, on the Bog,
Lon. 28° 56' E, Lat. 48° 60' N.
Brava, s-p. E. Africa, Lou, 44° 10' E, Lat. 1°
12' N,
Braubach, t. Germany, on the Rhin?, 10 m, W,
Nassau. Braughin, v. Eqg. in Hertfordshire, 28 m. N.
London. Bravlio, the highest of the Rhoetian Alps, near
Bormio, on the borders of the Tyrol.
Braunau, fortified t. Austrian empire, on the
Inn, 60 m. N. E. Munich. Lon, 12° 56' 45" E.
Lat 48° 14' N.
Bramiau, t. Bohemia, 25 m. E. Koningsgratz,
Lon, 16° 9' E. Lat, 60° 25' N.
Braunsdorf, t Saxony, 11 m, N, E. Freyberg.
Braunseiffen, t. Moravia, 16 in. N, N. E. Ol-
mittz, Braunton, t Eng, in De\*nshire, 4 m, N, W,
Barnstaple. Bravo Rio. See Norte, Rio del.
Bray, v. Eng, in Berkshire, on the Thames, 26
m, froui London,
Bray, s-p. Ireland, 10 m. from DubUn.
Bray sur Seine, t. France, on the Seine, 10 m,
S. S. W.' Provins.
Bray sur Somme, t. France, 15 "m. E. Amiens,
Brazil, an extensive country of S. America, ex
tending from the Amazon, almost to the La Plata.
It includes more than one third bf South Araerica,
and is bounded N. by Guiana and the Atlantic ;
E. by the Atlantic ; on the S. it comes to a point ;
on the W. are Peru and Buenos Ayres. It is di
vided into 1 1 districts, called capitanias, viz. Para,
Maranham, Seara, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas
Geraes, Rio Janeiro, St Paul, Rio Grande, Goy-

B R E
az, and Matto Grosso. A ridge of raountains runs
along the coast from lat 10° to lat 30° S. The
interiorof the country is clothed with the most
luxuriant vegetation, aud covered in many
parts with an almost impenetrable forest. The
principal rivers are branches of the Amazon and
La Plata. The ridge of mountains along the coast .
prevents their entrance into the ocean by a more
direct course. The popiilation is estimated at
2,000,000. It is composed of whites, negroes, In
dians, mulattoes, and mestizoes. This country
was formerly a colony, dependent on Portugal, and
governed by a viceroy ; but since 1807, the royal
family of Portugal have resided here. "The north
ern provinces produce cotton, sugar, coffee, and
tobacco ; the middle contain the gold and diamond
districts ; the southern produce wheat and cattle
in abundance. The forests abound with various
kinds of wood useful for dyeing and cabinet work.
The gold and diamonds are found principaUy in
the beds of the mountain torrents. The head wa
ters of the Parana, the Francisco, and all the great
rivers which flow north into the Amazon, are pro
ductive of gold. The principal diamond district
is 400 miles N. of Rio Janeiro. While Brazili
was a colony, its commerce was sutgected, by the
government at home, to aU the usual restraints
imposed by the colonial system of Europe. But
since the emigration of the Portuguese court 1^
this country, the old restrictions have been done
away. A commercial treaty has been concluded
¦with Great Britain, by which all the ports of the
country are opened to British vessels and produce,
on payment ofa duty of 1 5 per cent British man
ufactures of every description are now imported
to a great extent. Portugal continues to send oil,
wine, brandy, linens, cottons, &c. India and
China goods are in great plenty. From the Uni
ted States are imported flour, salt provisions, tur
pentine, tar, staves, household furniture, &c. The
principal exports are hides, tallow, hom, hair,
feathers, sugar, cotton, coffee, tobacco, and Brazil
wood. Braszet, isl. in the Adriatic, opposite Spalatro,
in Dalmatia, belonging to Austria. Pop. 16,000.
Breage, t. Eng. iu Corn-waU. Pop. 2,888. 3
m. N. W. Helston.
Breaute, t. France, 30 m. W. N. W. Rouen.
Brebers. See Barbary.
Brecey, t France, in La Manche, 8 m. N. E.
Avrauches. Another 7 ra. N. W. Mayenne.
Brechin, t Scotland, in Forfar or Angus co. 83
m. N. Edinburgh. Lon. 2° 18' E. Lat 56° 40' N.
Pop. 5,000.
Breckenridge, co. Ken. on the Ohio, intersected
by Green river. Pop. 3,430. Steves, 505. The
court-house is 44 m. fr. Corydon, in Indiana.
Breckerfeld, t Prussian states, 26 m. N. N. E.
Cologne. Brecknock, co. S. Wales, bounded N. by Rad
nor, W. by Cardigan and Caermarthen, S. by
Monmouth and Glamorgan, and E. by Hereford.
It contains 731 square miles, a third of which i^
unfit for cultivation. Pop. 37,735. FaraiUes,
7,919, of which nuraber 4,667 are engaged in ag
riculture, and 2,239 in manufactures.
Brecknock, or Brecon, t and cap. of Brecknock
shire, Wales, is at the confluence of the Uske and
Honddu, 168 m. W. London. Lon. 3° 12* W.
Lat 51° 54' N. Pop. 3,196.
Brecknock, t. Lancaster co. Pa, Pop. 890.
Brecknock, t Berks co. Pa. Pop. 495.
Breda, a strong town of the .Netherlands, in

BRA

BRE

125

Dutch Brabant, on the navigable river Merck,
nearthe influx of the Aa, 22 ra, S. S, E, Rotter
dam, Lon, 4° 46' 36" E, Lat„61° 35' 23" N,
Brede, r, Eng, joins the Rother, near Winchel-
sea. Breda, La, t, France, in Gironde, 10 m, S,
Bourdeaux, Bredstedt, t Denmark, 21 m, W, N, W, Sles
wick, Bree, t. France, in Mayenne, 10 m. N. E, Laval,
Breevort, or Bredeeoort, t Netherlands, 27 m,
S. E, Zutphen
Brecancon, isl, off the coast of France, Lon, 6°
19' 21" E, Lat 43° 5' 28" N,
Bregentz, co. Germany, on the lake of Con
stance, belonging to Austria. Pop. 36,000. Bre
gentz, the chief town, is 4 m. S. E. Lindau. Lon.
9° 43' 65" E, Lat 47° 30' 30" N. The river Bre
gentz, falls into the lake of Constance.
Breglio, t Sardinian states, 18 m, N. E, Nice,
Brehal, t. France, 5 m. N, E, Grandville,
Brehar, one of the Scilly islands, Lon, 6° 47'
W, Lat 50° 2'N.
Brehemont, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire., 15
m. W. Tours.
Brehna, t Prussia, 62 m. N. W. Dresden,
Breirach, mt Scotiand, in Aberdeenshire, 4,220
feet high.
Breitenbach, t. Saxony, 14 m. S. Erfurt
Breitenfeld, v. Saxony, 6 ra. N. Leipsic.
Brem, t Austria, 18 m. E. Trieste.
Brembatodi Sotto, t, Italy, 6 m. W. Bergamo.
Brembo, r. Italy, joins the Adda, 8 m. fr. Ber
gamo. Bremen, a duchy iu the kingdora of Hanover,
between the Weser and the Elbe, having Hadeln
on the N. and Luneburg -with Verden on the S.
It contains 2,200 square miles, and 168,504 inhab
itants. Bremen, one of the four free cities of Germany,
lies on both sides of the Weser, near the centre
of the kingdom of Hanover. It was formerly a
leading member of the Hanseatic league, and has
had, since 1529, a celebrated academy, partly Lu
theran, partly Calvinist The trade of Bremen
is in part founded on its manufactures of refined
sugar, cotton, woollen cloths, dye stuffs, &c, ; but
chiefly on the exportation of the products of the
country on the Weser, and the importation of
such foreign goods as find a market in these parts
of Germany. The city contains 37,400 inhabi
tants, or including the sraall territory annexed,
48,600. 54 m. S'.'W. Hamburgh. Lon. 8° 48' 3"
E. Lat 53° 4' 45" N.
Bremgarten, t Switzerland, in Aargau, on the
Reuss, 10 m. 'W. Zurich, 20 N. Lucerne.
Brenckley, t. Eng. in Kent, 7 m. S. E, Tun-
bridge. Brendola, t Italy, on the river Baechiglione, 7
m. S. W. Vicenza. -
Brenets, v. Switzerland, 10 ra, N. W, Neuf
chatel, Brenner, one of the Tridentine Alps in the Ty
rol, between Inspruck and Storzing,
Breno, or Bree, t Italy, on the Oglio, 32 m, N.
Bresciano, 25 S, Bormio.
Brent, r. Eng, runs into the Thames at Brent
ford, Brent, or South Brent, t, Eng. Devonshire, 16
m. E. Plymouth.
Brenta, r. Italy, rises in the Alps and rans into
the Adriatic a little S, of Venice.
Brentford, t Eng, in Middlesex, on the Thames,
7 m, W, London,

Brentwood, p-t, Rockingham co, N, H, 15 m, W,
Portsmouth, Pop, 906,
Brentwood, or Bumtwood, t Eng, in Essex, 18
m. E. London,
Brentz, r, Wirtemberg, runs into the Danube
at Laujingen,
Breschat, v. Dutch Brabant, 6 m, fr. Antwerp,
Brescia, city, Italy, cap, of the Bresciano, in a
beautiful plain on the Garza, This town is sur
rounded with walls, ditches, and bastions. The
raanufactures are linseed oil and fire arms. The
other articles of trade are silk, flax, wool, Unen,
and wine. Pop, 48,000, 30 ra. S, E, Bergamo,
54 N, Parma, and 106 W, Venice. Lon, 10° 14'
E, lat, 45° 32' N,
Bresciano, a district of Upper Italy, in Lombar
dy, bounded N, by Bormio and Trent, E, by the
laJce of Garda, the Veronese, and the duchy of
Mantua ; S, by the same duchy and the Creraon
ese, and W, by the Cremasco, the Bergamasco,
and the Valteline, Pop. 500,000,
Bresins, isl, off the S, W, coast of Englani
Breslau, one of the four districts of the province
of Silesia, It contains 3,674 square miles, and
476,000 inhabitants, Breslau is the chief town,
Breslau, cap. of Silesia, is on the Oder, 130 m,
E. Dresden, Lon. 17° 2' 18" E. Lat 51° 6' N, It
is surrounded with strong walls and other fortifi
cations. Here are 26 Catholic and 8 Lutheran
churches, and a Catholic University, which has
14 professors and 400 students. The trade is very
considerable. The staple article is linen, after
which come printed cottons, calico, chintz, wool
len stuffs, silk, Turkish yarn, and thread. Pop, in
1812, 62,789, of whom 3,650 were Jews,
Bresle, r. France, falls into the English Channel
at Treport
Bresle, t. France, in Oise, 8 ra, E, Beauvais,
Bressay, one oftlie Shefland islands, about 44
miles long and 3 broad, separated frora Shetland
by Bressay sound, a fine harbor, where the Green
land whale ships and Dutch herring vessels fre
quently rendezvous, Lon, 1° 12' W, Lat 60° 14'
N, _ _ ,-
Bresse, a province, France, included, since thi
revolution, in the department of the Aisne,
Bressuire, t, France, in Deux-Sevres, 14 m, S,
E, Chatillon,
Brest, s-p. France, in Finisterre, the chief sta
tion of the French raarine, and one of the best
harbors in Europe. The road can afford anchor
age for at least 500 men of war. The harbor is in
forra of a long canal, and is defended by a citadel
which stands on a steep rock at the entrance, and
towardsHhe land by strong outworks. The en
trance, which is frora the southwest, is a very
narrow and difficult passage. One of the chief
advantages of the harbor of Brest is, that vessels
can go out with almost any wind, "The principal
public buildings are the barracks, rope-walks,
cloth manufactories, forges and founderies ; the
immense naval arsenal and dock-yard ; the two
quays which encompass the harbor. Pop, 24,180,
127 m. W, Paris, Lon. 4° 28' 45" W, Lat, 48° 23'
14" N,
Breteuil, t France, in Eure, 17 m, S, W.
Evreux, Breteuil, t. France, 20 ra, S. Araiens,
Bretigny, v. France, in Eure and Loire, 3 m, fr.
Chartres, Breton, r. Eng, falls into the Stour, near Had-
leigh. Breton. See Cape Breton.
Bretonwoods, t, Coos co ,N, H, 70 m, N, Concord.

126

B R I

Brett, r. Eng. in Essex, faUs into the Stour,
Brett, Cape, the N, E, point of the Bay of Isl
ands, in New-Zealand, Lon, 185° 24' W, Lat
35° 10' S,
Bretten, or Brettheim, t, Germany, in Baden,
18 m. S. E. Spires, and 21 S, Heidelberg.
Bretton, Monk, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 14 m, fr.
Barnsley. Bretton, West, 6 m. fr. Barnsley.
Brevelk, p-t. Natchitoches co. Louisiana.
Breusch, r. France, runs into the III.
Brewer, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, on Penobscot
river, 5 ra. S. E. Bangor.
' Brewer's Lagoon, bayon the coast of Honduras.
Lon. 84° 40' W. Lat 16° 48' N.
Brewood, t Eng. in Staffordshfre, 7 ra. N. Wol
verhampton. Brewster, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. on Barnsta-
ble-bay, 16 m. E. Barnstable. Pop. 1,112.
Brewton. See Bruton.
Brese, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 5 m. S.
Saumur, Brezolles, t France, in the Eure-and-Lofre, 22
m. N. W. Chartres.
Briaden, t. Syria, 100 m. N, N, E. Damascus,
Briancon, t. France, iu Upper Alps, Being
seated on the principal road across the Alps from
France to Piedmont, it is a barrier fortress of the
first importauce, and is considered impregnable,
50 ra, E, S, E, Grenoble, Lon, 6° 43' E, Lat
44° 54' N,
Brianconnet, t Savoy, on the Isere, near Mou
tiers. Briansk, t. Russia, in Orel, 96 m. N. W. Orel.
Pop. 4,000,
Briar creek, Geo, rises about 40 m. W, Augus
ta, and runs S, E. into Savannah river, about half
way between Augusta and Savannah,
Briare, t. France, on the Loire, 33 ra, E, S, E,
Orleans, Briceland cross-roads, p-v. Washington co. Pa,
Brieherasco, t Piedmont, 3 m, S. S, W, Pignerol,
Brick, r. Ireland, runs into the Cashin, 10 m,
N. Tralee.
BrickliQuse, p-v, Sussex co. N. J,
Brick-meetinghouse, p-v, Cecil co. Md.
Bricky, r. Ireland, runs into the bay of Dun
garvan, Bride, r. Ireland, falls into Uie Black-water,
Bridgebranch, or Bridgeville, p-v. Sussex co.
Del. Bridgeford, v. Eng, 10 m, E. N, E, NottingJ»m,
Bridgehampton, p-v, in Southampton, Suffolk
CO. N. Y.
Bridgend, t. Wales, in Glamorgan, 20 m.*W,
Cardiff, Bridgeness, s-p, Scotland, on the Frith of ForUi,
17 ra, "W. Edinburgh,
Bridgenorth, t. Eng, in Shropshire, on the Sev
ern. It is an ancient royal borough, and sends
two raembers to parliament 20 m. E. S. E.
Shrewsbury. Lon, 2° 80' W. Lat. 52° 38' N.
Pop. 4,179.
Bridgeport, s-p. and bor. in the township of
Stratford Ct on Long-Island Sound, 34 m. W,
Stratford, 174 S, W. New-Haven. Pop. 1,089, It
has a bank, and 2 houses of public worship, 1 for
Episcopalians, and 1 for Congregationalists. Ship
ping in 1815, 1,414 tons.
Bridgeport, p-v. Harrison co. Va.
Bridgeport, t. Fayette co. Pa, on the Mononga
hela, separated by Dunlap's creek, frora Browns
ville, which see,
Bridgetown, cap. of Barbadoes, on the S, W.

B R I
ooast of the island, on the bay of Carlisle, which
is large enough to contain 500 ships. It is esteem
ed one of the finest cities in the West Indies, but
has suffered severely at different times both from
fires and hurricanes, especially from the dreadful
storm of the 10th October, 1780, iu which above
4000 of the inhabitants perished. Lon, 58° 38'
W. Lat 13° 10' N,
Bridgetown, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, 39 m,
N. W. Portland.
Bridgetown, p-t, and cap, Cumberland co, N. J.
on Cohanzie creek, 20 m. above its entrance into
Delaware bay, 50 m, S, S, E, Philadelphia, The
rivir is navigable to this place for vessels of 100
tons. Shipping in 1815, 14,493 tons. Here are
a courthouse and jail, a bank, and an academy.
Bridgetown, t. Queen- Anne co, Md, on the W,
side of the Tuckahoe, 8 ra. E, CentreviUe.
Bridgetown, p-t Kent co. Md. on Chester river,
18 ra. above Chester, 45 E. Baltimore.
Bridgewater, t, Eng, in Somerset co. on the
Parret, 12 miles from the sea. The river is nari-
gable to this place for vessels of 200 tons.. 44 m.
S. W. Bristol. Lon. 2° 59' W. Lat 51° 7' N.
Pop. 4,911.
Bridgewater, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. on the Mer
rimack, 28 m. N. N. W. Concord. Pop, 1,102,
Bridgewater, t Windsor co, Vt 17 m. N. W.
Windsor. Pop, 1,154.
Bridgewater, p-t Plymouth co. Mass. 22 m. S.
Boston. Pop. 5,156. Laige quantities of hard
ware, nails, &c. are manufactured here. There
is an academy in the south Parish.
Bridgewater, p-t. Oneida co, N. Y. 12 m. S,
Utica. Pop. 1,170.
Bridgewater, p-t Luzerne co. Pa, Pop, 1,418,
Bridgewater, t Somerset co. N. J. 3 m. N.
Boundbrook, Pop. 2,906.
Bridlington. See Burlington.
Bridport, s-p. Eng. in Dorsetshire. Its chief
manufactures are cordage, sailcloth, nets, and
twines of aU descriptions. 16 m. W. Dorchester.
Lon. 2° 61' W, Lat 50° 41' N.
Bridport, p-t Addison co. Vt on lake Cham
plain, opposite Crown-Point, 5 m. W. Middlebury.
Pop, 1,520,
Brie, district of Old France, now included in
tile department of the Seine and Mame,
Brie, Comlo-Robert, t France; 16 m, E. Paris.
Pop, 2,600,
Briec, t France, in Finisterre, 6 m. N. N, E.
Quimper, Brieg, t. Silesia, on the Oder. The commerce
of the town is considerable, as are its manufac
tures of hats, stockings, and woollen stuffs, 24 m.
S.E, Breslau, Lon. 17° 30' E. Lat 60° 48' N.
Pop. 8,700.
Brieg, t. in the Valajs, on the Rhone, 28 m. E.
Sion. Briel, t Netherlands, on the N. side of the isl
and of East Voorn, near the mouth ot the Maese.
It has a large aud commodious harbor. 13 m. S.
W.Rotterdam. Pop. 3,200.
Brienne, t. France, in Aube, 14 m, N, W, Bar.
Brieno, v. Italy, on the lake of Como,
Brientz, v. Switzerland, 22 m. S. E, Bern.
Brietsen, t. Prussia, on the Oder, 32 m. E, Ber
Un, Pop, 4,000,
Brietsen, t Prussia, 34 m, S, W, Berlin,
Brig. See Glandford Brig. •
Briga, La, t. Sardinian states, 22 m. N, E,
Nice, Brighthelmstone, or Brighton, s-p, Eng, in Sus-;

B R I
.sex, at the bottom of a bay formed by Beachy
Head and Worthing Point, in the EngUsh chan
nel. It is oue of the most fashionable places of
resort, particularly for sea-bathing, in Uie king
dom. 'The inhabitants subsist chiefly by the re
sort of company and the produce of the fishery.
54 m. S. London. Pop. 12,012.
Brighton, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 5 ra. W. Bos
ton. Pop. 608. Here the cattle are driven for
the supply of Boston market. The Brighton
Cattle-show is under the direction of the Massa
chusetts Agricultural Society. Stalls are erected
for the cattie, and a building 70 feet by 36 for the
exhibition of Domestic Manufactures. Brighton
has many elegant country-seats.
Brighton, p-t. Ontario co. N . Y. on the E. side '
of Genesee river, at its mouth, 24 m. N. W. Ca
nandaigua. In this town is the new vUlage of
Carthage, and part of Rochester.
Brighton, t Beaver co. Pa. at the falls of Big
beaver creek.
Brightside Bierlow, or Brightside Ecclesall, t.
Eng. in Yorkshire, adjoining Sheffield. Pop.
6,569. Brignais, t. France, 9 m. S. Lyons.
BrignoUes, t France, in Var, 20 m, N. Toulon,
Pop, 9,000,
Brihuega, t, Spain, in New Castile, 40 m. E. N.
E. Madrid.
Brilon, t. of the Prassian states, in the province
of Westphalia, 70 m. E. N. E. Cologne.
Brimfield, p-t. Hampden co. Mass, 19 m, E,
Springfield, 70 W, Boston, Pop. 1,325,
Brindisi, the ancient Brundusium, s-p. Naples,
in Terra d'Otranto, near the entrance of the gulf
of Venice, 35 m. N. W. Oti:anto. Lon. 17° 40' E.
Lat 40° 48' N. Pop. 5,900.
Brindle, t Eng. iu Lancashire, 5 ra. W. Black-
bum. Brinkleysvilk, p-v. Halifax co. N. C.
Brinon I' Archeveque, t. France, in Yonne, 4 m.
W. St Florentin,
Brioni, 3 islands in the Adriatic, Lon. 13° 53'
E. Lat. 45° 3' N.
Brioude, t France, in Upper-Loire, 39 m. S. E.
Clermont-Ferrand. Pop. 5,000.
Briqueras, v. Piedmont, 5 m. S. Pignerol.
Brisach, Old, t Baden, on the east bank of the
Rhine, between Bale and Strasburg, 33 m. S.
Strasburg. Brisach, New, t. and strong fortress, France, on
the W. bank of the Rhine, opposite Old Brisach,
in Baden, 8 m. E. Colmar, 33 S. Strasburg.
Brisgau, an extensive country, in Germany,
belonging, for the most part, to the grand duchy
of Baden, and now distributed among the circles
of the Wieaen, the Treisam, and the Kinzig.
Brissac, t France, 11 m. S. Angers.
Brissarthe, t France, 12 m. N. N. E. Angers.
Bristol, city, and county, Eng. between the
counties of Gloucester and Somerset, on the
Avon, which here receives the Frome, and is
navigable for ships of great burthen. "This city
has long been celebrated for its many well con
ducted and extensive charities. : Amongst these
are a spacious infirmary, a Magdalen, a Blind asy
lum, a Friend and Samaritan society, and many
large almshouses and charity schools, Among the
public buildings, are the exchange in corn-street;
^e commercial rooms, after the plan of Lloyd's
coffee-house in London ; the merchant's haU,
council-house, and guild-hall. It has manufacto
ries of glass a,ud sugar, and large distiUeries. Its

B R I

127

brass wSrks are the largest in England, and near
the city is a manufactory of pins, on a great scale.
It has long been engaged in a very extensive
foreign trade, chiefly with the West Indies. Its
commerce with Ireland is very extensive. Bristol
returns two members to parliament About a
mUe W. of the city, is the village of the Hot
Wells, celebrated for a tepid spring which has
been found a powerful specific in various mala
dies. Bristol has a fine harbor, but formerly suf
fered great inconvenience from ships being oblig
ed to lie aground at the quays, at the influx of ev
ery tide. Within a few years, however, this
.difficulty has been completely removed, at an ex
pense of nearly 600,000/. Pop. 76,433, but, in
cluding Uie out-parishes, 100,000. 117 ra. W.
London. Bristol, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 13 ra. E. Wis
casset Pop. 2,753.
Bristol, p-t Addison co. Vt 25 m. S. W. Mont
peUer. Pop. 1,179.
Bristol, CO. Mass. bounded N. by Norfolk co. E.
by Plymouth co. S. by Buzzard's bay, W. by
Rhode-Island. Pop. 37,168. Chief towns, Taun
ton and New-Bedford.
Bristol, CO. R.I. bounded N. andN. E.by Mas
sachusetts, W. by Narraganset-bay, E, by Mount
Hope bay. Pop,, 5,072, Chief t Bristol,
Bristol, s-p. and cap. Bristol co, R, I, on the E.
shore of Narraganset bay, 13 ra. N. Newport, 15
S, Providence, Lat 41° 35' N. Pop, 2,693, It
has a safe and commodious harbor, and is a place
of considerable trade. Shipping in 1815, 6,944
tons, Bristol, p-t, Hartford co, Ct, 16 ra, W, Hart
ford. Pop. 1,428.
Bristol, p-t. Ontario co. N, Y, 10 ra, S, W. Ca
nandaigua, Pop, 1,540,
Bristol, bor. and p-t. Bucks co. Pa. on Dela
ware river, opposite Burlington, 20 m. above
Philadelphia. Pop, 1,636,
Bristol, t TrurabuU co, Ohio, 12 ra. N, War
ren, Bristol Bay, on the W, coast of N, Araerica,
formed by the peninsula of Alaska on the S, and
Cape Newnham on the N, Lat 58° 20' N,
Bristol Channel, between the S, coast of Wales,
and the county of Somerset, Devon, and Corn-
waU, in England,
Britain, commonly called Great Britain, lies
between 50° and 684° N, lat. It is bounded N.
by the North sea, E, by the German ocean, S, by
the English channel, and W. by St. George's
channel and the Atlantic, Frora N, to S, it ex
tends aBout 680 railes ; its greatest breadth from
the North Foreland in Kent, to the Land's end in
Cornwall, is about 370, and it contains 87,602
square miles.
The northern part of the island is mountainoue,.
The principal minerals are coal, iron, tin, cop
per, and lead. The annual value of the mineral
products of Great Britain and Ireland, is com
puted at 9,000,000/, ; and the annual value of the
fisheries at 1,600,000/. The manufactures com
prehend every variety of fabric; particularly,
wool, cotton, Unen, silk, leather, glass, pottery,
iron, and the various metals. In 1814, the amount
of foreign wool iraported, was 16,712,617 pounds,
and the value of woollen goods exported,
8,404,481/. The comraerce of Britain consists al
most wholly in the exchange of her raanufactures
for the rude produce of Europe and America. In
1815, the value of the exports was 60,983,894/,

128

B R I

The revenue in 1816 was 67,926,899/, During
the late war the army amounted to 640,600 men,
and the navy consisted of more than 1,000 ships,
manned by 184,000 seamen. The population in
1810, including the Hebrides, Orkney, and Shet
land islands, was 12,696,803 ; families 2,644,215,
of which 1,129,049 were employed in trade, man
ufactures, or handicraft, 896,998 in agriculture,
and 519,168 in other ways.
Colonies in all quarters of the world are de
pendent on the British islands. Of these, the
principal are two military posts in Europe : Gib
raltar and Malta ; in Asia, the whole Indian pe
ninsula, from about 23° N, lat, to Cape Comorin, »
the island of Ceylon, New Holland, and others in
the Eastern and Southern oceans ; the Canadian
territories, Newfoundland, and West India islands
in Araerica; the Cape of Good Hope, Sierra Le
one, and Goree, in Africa, The population of the
British islands and their dependencies is calcu
lated to exceed 60 millions of men, of whom about
40 miUions inhabit the Eastern hemisphere,
Britain, New, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon.
148° 5' W. Lat 6° 60' S. It is separated from
New Ireland on the north by a narrow channel.
Britain, New. The country lying round Hud
son's bay, or the country of the Esquimaux, cora-
prehending Labrador, New North and South
Wales, has obtained the general name of New
Britain, and is attached to the government of
Lower Canada,
It is a dreary, desolate country. The surface,
to a great extent, is naked rock. The cUmate is
so cold, and the soil so barren, that nothing of the
vegetable kind can flourish here. Wild animals
are abundant. The principal are beavers, bears,
deer, raccoons, and musquashes, and the fur trade
is carried on with great spirit. On all the princi
pal lakes, and at the raouth and" forks of nearly all
the considerable rivers, there are trading houses
established by the EngUsh. Here the Indians
bring the furs of the animals, which they kiU in
hunting, and seU them for blankets, guns, pow
der, beads, &c. The trade is carried on by two
companies of merchants : the Hudson's Bay com
pany, and the North-West company. The trade
of the forraer is confined to the neighbourhood of
Hudson's bay; that of the latter extends from
lake Winnipeg to the Rocky raountains and the
Frozen ocean. The NorUi-West company is
composed of Montreal merchants. The usual mode
of travelling, in this country, is in birch bark ca
noes. With these the inhabitants pass up and
down the rivers and lakes, and when they meet
with a rapid, or wish to pass from one river to an
other, they get out of the oanoe and carry it on
their shoulders. In this way, the men engaged in
the fur trade travel thousands of miles, and carry
all their goods.
Brittany, or Bretagne, before the revolution,
one of the largest provinces of France. It occu
pied the N. W, corner of the kingdom, and was
bounded S, E. by Poitou, E, by Anjou and Maine,
N. E. by Normaudy. It contained 1,775 square
leagues, and 2,300,000 inhabitants. It is now di
vided into the departments of Lower Loire, lUe-
et-VUaine, Finisterre, Morbihan, and Cotes du
Nord. Britten, isl, in the Frozen ocean, Lon, 56° 15'
E, Lat, 71° 6' N,
Brives, t, France, in Correze, 14 m, S, W,
TuUe,

B R O
Brivesac, f . France, in Correze, 18 m, E.
Brives. Briviesca, t, Spain, in Old CastUe, 21 m, N, E.
Burgos. Brivio, t. Italy, 18 ra. N. N. E. Milan.
Brix, t. Boheraia, on the Bila, 40 ra. N. W.
Prague. Lon. 13° 40' E. Lat. 50° 30' N.
Brix, t. France, 6 ra, W. Valognes.
Brixen, a secularised bishopric, of the Austrian
empire, now forming part of Upper Austria, Its
extent is about 374 square railes. Pop- 26,800.
Brixen, t. Austrian empire, in TjtoI, at the
junction of the Rienz and Eisach, 39 m. N, N. E,
Trent Lon. 11° 37' 15" E, Lat 46° 40' N, Pop.
3,800. Brixenstadt, t. Bavaria, 16 m. E. N. E. Wurtz
burg. Brixham, s-p. Eng. in Devonshire, on the W,
side of Torbay. Pop. 4,341.
Brizembourg, t. France, 12 ra. E. St Jean d'An
gely. Broach, district. Hind, in Gujerat, between 21°
and 32° N. lat on the gulf of Cambay. Broach,
the capital is in lon. 73° 6' E.lat 21° 41' N,
Broadalbin, p-t Montgomery co. N. Y. 38 m.
W. Albany. Pop. 2,238.
Broadereek, p-v. Queen Ann co. Md,
Broadcreek, t Sussex co. Del.
Broadereek, Md. runs into the Potomac, iu
Prince George co. 5 m. below Alexandria.
Broadficld, p-v. Westmoreland co. Va, 90 m. S,
Washington. Broadhaven, bay, on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 42' W. Lat. 64° 17' N.
Broadhead's creek. Pa. runs into the Delaware
in Smithfield, Northampton co.
BroadkUl, p-t. and hundred, Sussex co, Del, on
a creek which runs into Del a-ware-bay, 10 m.
N. Lewijton,
Broad river, S. C. is formed by the union of En-
noree. Tiger and Packolet rivers, and after flow
ing 4() miles joins the Saluda above Columbia, to
form the Congaree.
Broad river, Geo. runs E. into Savaunah river,
between Petersburg and Lisbon. The North
fork rises in Franklin countj', and unites with the
South fork, 6 m. S. W. Elberton.
Broad-Stairs, v. Eng. in the isle of Thanet, 2
m. N. Ramsgate.
Broadwater, v. Eng. iu Sussex, 1 m. fr. Wor
thing. Brockdorf, v. Denmark, on the Elbe, 6 m. fr.
Gluckstadt. Brockville, v. cap. of Leeds co. Up. Canada, on
the St. Lawrence ; 16 m. above Prescott. It is a
flourishing commercial place, in a weU cultivated
and populous country,
Brod, t, aud fort, Austrian empire, on the Save,
110 m. W, of Belgrade, Lon, 18° 10' E, Lat,
45° 20' N,
Brod, t. Bohemia, 18 m, E. Prague.
-Brod, t Bohemia, 60 m. S. E, Prague.
Brod, t. Moravia. Lon. 17° 39' E. Lat. 49° Z
N. Brodecz, t, Bohemia, on the Iser, 5 m. S. Jung
Buntzlau. ,
Brodera, t. Hind, in Gujerat, Lon, 73° 24' E,
Lat, 22° 13' N,
Brody, t. Austrian Galicia, It carries on an
extensive commerce witii Moldavia, Walachia,
the Crimea, and other parts of Turkey and Rus
sia, 80 ra, S, Lucko, Pop. 15,000, of whom
13,000 are Jews,

B R O
Brodziec, t. Russia, 48 ra, E. Minslr,
Broek,v. Netherlands, 3m, W, Monikeendam,
BrogUo, t. Sardinian states, 16 ra, N, E, Nice,
-Bro/e, or Bruive, r, Switzerland, flows through
the lake of Morat into that of Neufchatel.
Brok, t. Poland, 45 ra, E, S, E, Warsaw.
Broken Bay, New Holland, Lon, 151° 27' E,
Lat, 33° 34' S,
Broken-straw, t. Warren co. Pa, Pop. 379,
Broken-straw-creek, p-v, Crawford co. Pa.
Broken-straw, creek. Pa, runs into the Allegha
ny, 8 ra. W, Warren,
Bromberg, t. Prussian states, in the grand duchy
of Posen, capital of the district of the Netze, and
ofa department and circle of the same name, on
tbe Brahe, A canal connects the Brahe, near
Bromberg, wiUi the Netze, near Nackel. Itis a
work of great importance, as completing the com
munication between the Vistula, the Oder, and
the Elbe, 30 m. N. W, Thorn,
-Brome, t, Richelieu co. Lower Canada, S. E.
Montreal, Pop, 600.
Bromham, t. Eng. in Wiltshire. 4 m. N, N,
W, Devizes,
Bromley, t, Eng, in Kent, 10 m, S, S, E, London,
Bromley's Isles, near the gulf of Carpentaria.
Lon. 136° 33'E. Lat 11° 52' S.
Brompton, v, Eng. 1 m. fr, Londou,
Brompton, v, Eng. in Yorkshire.
Brompton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on St, Francis river, 55 m. S. E. Three-Rivers,
Brompton on Swale, t. Eng, in Yorkshire.
Bramsebro, t. Sweden, 12 m, fr. Christianople.
Bromsgrove, t. Eng. 12 ra. N. N. E. Worcester.
Bromunck, West, t. Eng. in Staffordshire.
Bromyard, t Eng. in Herefordshfre,
Bronchorst, t. Netherlands, 5 m, N, Zutphen.
Bronddragene, Danish isl, in the Baltic. Lon.
11° 27' E. Lat 54° 37' N.
Brondolo, t Lombardo-Venetian kingdora, 12
m. S. Venice.
Broni, t Sardinian states, 10 m, S. W. Pavia.
Bronnikov, t, Russia, 2 m,.N. Tobolsk.
Bronte, t Sicily, near Mount Etna.
Bronx creek, N, Y. Tuns S. 28 miles, and falls
into East river, in Westchester.
Brooke, co. N. W. comer of Va. bounded N, and
W. by Ohio, E.by Pennsylvania, S. by Ohio coun
ty. Pop. 6,843. Slaves 332, Chief t Wells-
burg. Brookfield, t. Stratford co.N. H, 31 m, N, N. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 657,
Brookfield, t. Orange co, Vt. 17 ra. S. Montpe
Uer. Pop. 1,384.
Broolifield, p-t Worcester co. Mass. 18 ra. W.
Worcester, 58 W. Boston. Pop. 3,170, U is one
of the oldest and most populous towns in the ooun
ty. It contains two parishes. West Broolifield is
4 m. W. of the East parish, aud contains a print
ing office.
Broo^ld, p-t. Fairfield co, Ct 6 m. N. E, Dan-
bury, 33 N. W. New-Haven, Pop. 1,037.
Brookfield, p-t Madison co. N. Y. 22 ra. S, Uti
ca. Pop. 4,042.
Brookfield, p-t. TrurabuU co. Ohio, 15 m, E.
Warren. Pop, 345.
Brookhaven, p-t Suffolk co. N. Y. on Long-Isl
and. It extends from the Sound to the Atlantic,
between Riverhead and Southampton E, andlsUp
and Smithtown W. and contains 9 post-offices, viz,
Brookhaven, Selauket, Stony-brook, Middletown,
Pakhogue, Fireplace, Forge, Drewned-Meadow,
and Morriches. Pop. 4,176. 17

B R O

129

,Brook-hiU, p-v. Montgomery co. Tennesee.
Brookline, t. Hillsborough co. New-Hampshire,
33 m. S. by W. Concord. Pop. 638.
Brookline, t. Windham co. Vt 40 ra, S. Windsor.
Pop. 431.
Brookline, t. Norfolk co. Mass, 6 m, S. W. Bos
ton. Pop. 784. Here are many elegant country-
seats. Across the bay which sets up frora Charles
river between this place and Boston, a rafll-dam
is erected, Brooklyn, p-t. and cap. Windham co. Ct. on the
W: side of the Quinebaug, 20 m. N. Norwich.
Pop, 1,200.
Brooklyn, p-t. Kings co, N. Y, ou Long-Island,
opposite N. York city, from which it is separated
by East river, -f of a raile wide. Pop. 4,402, The
Wallabout is a tract of land on the N, E, of the
village, round a sraall bay. It is the site of one of
the United States na-vy-yards. A battie was
fought in this tdwn, Aug. 27, 1776, wh^ tbe
Americans were defeated by the British.
Brooks, p-t. Hancock co. Maine.
Brooksvilk, t. Hancock co, Maine.
Brookville, p-v. Montgoraery co. Md, on the W;
side of the Patuxent, 22 m, N. Washington.
BrookviUe, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Indiana, in
theforksof White-waterriver, 20 m. N, Lawrence^
burg, and '42 N. W. Cincinnati, on the Ohio, It
was laid out in 1811, and already contains nearly
100 buildings, a market-house, a brick court
house and jail. The river can be easily made
navigable to Broolrville, which will be the empori
ura of trade for an extensive fertile country.
Broome, co. N. Y, on the Susquehannah, Pop.
8,129. Chief t Chenango.
Broome, p-t, Schoharie co. N, York, 35 m, S.
W. Albany. Pop. 1,942,
Broons, t France, 15 m. S. W. Dinant Lon.
2° 7' W. Lat 48° 15' N.
Broos, t Transylvania, near the Marosch, S.
W. Weissenburg,
Brora, lake, Scotland, iu Sutherland county.
Broseley, t Eng, in Salop, on the Severn, 5 m.
N. W, Bridgennorth. Pop, 4,850,
Brossae,t. France, 12 m. S, W, Angouleme.
Brothers- VaUey, t. Soraerset co. Pa. Pop,
1,314, Brotherton, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 3 m. frora Pon
tefract Brotherton, Indians, 400 in No. near Oneida
Lake, N, Y. "
Brothic, I, Scotiand, runs into the sea at Aber
brothock, Brottewde, v. Gerraany, 3 ra. N. Smalkald.
Brou,t. France, 10 m, N, W, Chateau-Dun,
Brouette, r. Indiana, joins the Wabash- from the
N. above Fort Harrison.
Brouage, t France, between the mouths of the
Garonne and Char^te.
Broughton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
36 ra, S. Quebec.
Broughton, Great, v. Eng. in Yorkshire.
Broughton in Furness, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 10
ra. N. N. W, Ulverstone;'
Broughton, t. Eng, 2 m, S, W. Stockbridge.
Broughton' s Archipelago, islands of the Pacific,
on the N, W. coast of^ America, Lon, 232° 66' to
233° 40' E. Lat. 50° 33' to 51° N.
Broughty Ferry, v. Scotland, on the Tay, 4 m,,
E, Dundee.
Brousse, t. Trance., 20 ro, E. Clermont-Fer
rand,

130

B R U

Browershaven, t Netherlands, 8 m. S. W. Kel-
yoetsluys. Lon. 3° 48' E. Lat. 51° 44' N.
Brown, co. Ohio, on tlie Ohio, between Adams
and Clermont cos. Chief t. Ripley.
Brown, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 300.
Browrijield, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, on Saco riv
er, 28 m. S. W. Paris. Pop. 388,
Brownington, p-t. Orleans co. Vt. 55 m, N. E.
MontpeUer, Pop, 236,
Brownsburg, p-t, Rockbridge co. Pa, 12 ra. N.
E. Lexington.
Brownsbfirgjp-v. Washington co. Ten.
Brown's comer, p-v. Kennebec co. Maine.
Broivn's cross roads, p-v. Pike co. Ohio, 15 m.
N. W. Piketon, 24 S. W. CliiUcothe.
, Brown's Passage, N.W. coast of America, be
tween Dundas and Stephen's islands, leading
into Chatham's sound.
Brown's Point, cape at the S. end of Tobago.
Lon. 60° 40' W. Lat 1 1° 10' N.
Brown's Sound, on the N. W. coast of America,
in lat 55° 18' N, lon, 132° 20' W,
Brownstowti, p-t, and cap, Jackson co, Indiana,
eOm.N. Corydon.
Brownsville, bor. and p-t Fayetty co. Pa, on the
S. bank of the Monongahela, 33 m, S. Pittsburg,
12 N. W. Union, 57 E.,8. E. Wheeling. Pop.
including Bridgeport,) estimated in 1817 at 3 or
4,000. Nextto Pittsburg, it is the most consider
able place in the western part of tiie State. It
has a bank, and printing office, and in its vicinity
numerous miUs and abundance of coal. Above
100 boats, each of 100 tons burthen, are annually
ma^ here for the trade on the Ohio. The town
ia built on the side of a hill rising 300 feet above
the level of the Monongahela. Here is a steel
manufactory, capable of making annually 70 tons
of steel,
Brownsvilk, p-v. Marlborough-district, S. C,
Brownsville, p-t. and cap, Jackson co. Illinois, on
Muddy river, 40 m. S. E, Kaskaskias.
Brownvilk, t. Penobscot co, Maine, 40 ra. N.
Bangor. Pop. 136. In I8I0, the country bfetweSn
Browuville and the Chaudiere was explored, and
tbe distance to St. Francois, on thatriver, found to
be 100 piiles.
BrownviUe, p-t. Jefferson eo. N. Y, on Black
river, 6 ro- above its mouth,
Broyk, harbour,' cape, and settlement oh the E.
side of Newfoundland, 15 m, N. E. Aquafort, 30
3. W. St. John's.
Bruca, r. Sicily faUs into the gulf of Catania,
Bruc de Grignols, t France, 10 m. S. W, Peri
gueux. Bracevilk, p-v, Knox co, Indiana.
Bruchliausen, t. Germany, on the Weser, 6 m.
W. Hoya.
Bruchsal, t, Baden, 11 ra, S. E. Spires. Lon,
'8° 56' E, Lat 49° 8' N,
Bruck, or Bnigg, t. Switzerland, 21 m, S, Basic.
Brack, t. Bavaria, 17 ra, N, N, W, Anspach.
Bruck, t. Prussia, 10 m. S. W, Potsdam,
Bruck, t. Bavaria, 18 m. N, N, E- Ratisbon.
Bruck on the Amper, t. Bavaria, 8 m. W. Munich.
Bruck on the Lei/tllia,t. Austria, 20 m, E, S. E.
Vicuna. Bruck on the Mur, t. Austrian empire, 70 m, S,
W, Vienna.
Bruchenau, t Germany, 14 m. S, Fulda,
Brm, or Bruet, r. Eng. falls into the Bristol
channel. Bruges, a large and opulent city of Netherlands,
situated in a spacious and beautiful plain, about 6

B R U
miles from the sea. It is intersected by a great
number of canals. The principal are tiiose leadr
ing to Sluys and Ostend. In the 14th century, it
was one of the greatest places of commerce in Eu
rope, forming an important branch of the Hanse
atic confederacy ; but towards the end of the 15th
century it began to decline, and Antwerp became
its rival. It still carries on a considerable trade
with Ostend, Sluys, Ghent, and the North of Eu
rope. The principal pubUc buildings are the
town-house, the exchange, and lycee, and the
church of Notre Dame, with its elevated spire ;
12 ra. E. Ostend, 22 N. E. Ghent, 33 N. E. Dim-
kirk. Lon. 3° 13' 33" E. Lat 51° 12' 33" N. Pop.
45,000. Bruggen or Brack, t of the Prussian states, in
the grand duchy of the Lower Rhine, 6 m. N. E,
Rureraonde. Bruggen, V. Hanover, 12 m. S. W. HUdesheim.
Brughan, r. Wales, flows into fhe Severn.
Brugnetto, V.Sardinian statra, 35 E.S. E. Genoa,
Bruguiere, La, t. France, 5 m. S. Castres.
Bruhl, t Prussian states, in tiie g;rand duchy of
the Lower Rhine, 6 m. S. Cologne.
Bntko, t West Africa, Lon. 13° 49' W. Lat.
13° 18'N.
BrtUe river, N. W. Territory, runs into Lake
Superior from the S. W. It has a communication,
tfaough precarious and difficult, with the St Croix
of the Mississippi.
Brunswick, p-t Essex co, Vt on Connecticut
river, 65 ra. N. E, MontpeUer. Pop. 143.
Brulen, t France, 9 m. N. Sable.
Brullos. See Bourlos.
Brumath, t, France, 1 1 m. N. Strasburg.
Bmnegg, t Austrian empire, 16 m. N. E. Brix
en. Lon, 11 ° 68' E, Lat 46° 451 N.
Brunett, fort. Piedmont, near Susa.
Bruniquel, t France, 24 m. S. S, E. Cahors.
Brunn, cap. of Moravia. It is fortified with
trenches and bastions. It is the seat of the gov
ernment offices for the whole of Moravia. Here
are manufactures of fine cloth, silk stnffi, hair
cloth, and soap. The states meet here and at Ol
mutz alternately. 32 m. S. W. Ohnutz, 100 S. E
Prague, 156 S. E, Dresden, Lon. 16° 35' 21" E.
Lat 49° 11'28''N.
Brunn, t Lower Austria, 8 m, W. Ebenfurt
Brunnen, t. Switzerland, 24 m, S. W. Schweitz,
Bruno, r. Tuscany, runs into the lake of Cas-
tiglione. Brunsbuttel, v. Denmark, 40 m. N. 'VV. Ham
burgh. Brunshausen, v. Hanover, on the Elbe, 6 m, N
Stade. Brunswick, duchy of, or as it is sometimee
called, Brunswick- Wolfenbuttel, to distinguish it
from Brunswick-Luneburg, consists of two nar
row and detached territories, stretching from N,
E, to S. W, in the southern part of the kingdom of
Hanover, by which it is neai-ly surrounded.' It
contains 1,672 square miles, 209,600 inhabitants,
and in the new constitution of Germany it has 2
votes in the general assemhly, and, united with
Nassau, 1 in the federative diet. Brunswick-
Luneburg, -K-as formerly an independent prin
cipaUty, but HOW forms a province in the kingdom
of Hanover, See Hanover and Luneburg.
Brunswick, fortified t. and cap. of the principality
of Wolfenbuttel, on the Ocker. Its celebrated Col
legium Carolinum was founded in 1746, and affords
instruction in-the languages, arts, sciences, and
pohte exercises. The principal manufactures are

B R U
wool, yarn, linen, porcelain, paste-board, and pa
per-hangings. The traffic in home produce, as
well as Ui^ carrying trade, is of some consequence,
;ind the great Bruns-wick fairs rank next to those of
Leipsic and Frankfort Pop. 29,660. 7 m. N.
Wolfenbuttel, 47 W. N. W. Magdeburg. Lon.
10° 29' 30" E. Lat 52°15' 43" N.'
Brunswick, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, on the
3. W. side of the Androscoggin, 30 m. N. E. Port
land. Pop. in 1810, 2,682. The falls of the Andros
coggin furnish many valuable seats for miUs and
manufactories, Bowdoin coUege -was founded in this town by
the legislature of Massachusetts, and endowed by
them with grants of land in Maine. It was incor
porated in 1794, and went into operation in 1802,
Its name vyas given it in honour of Gov, Bowdoin,
its most Uberal benefactor. It resembles Harvard
college in its mode of instruction and government
It has, a president, 2 professors, and 2 tutors. The
number of scholars is between 50 and 60, A
chemical apparatus, an excellent philosophical
apparatus, and a very respectable mineralogical
cabinet belong to the coUege, Its funds -were es
timated in 1812, at about 88,000 doUars, of which
63,000 were in real estate. The income was
about 3,000 dollars. The library contains be
tween 4,000 and 5,000 volumes.
¦Brunswick, New, one of the four British prov-
iiices in N. America, bounded S. by the bay of
Fundy, W, by the United States, N, by Canada,
and E. by the gulf of St, Lawrence, The lands
on the rivers, especially on St John's river, are
very fertile. The timber with which the uplands
are covered, and the codfish, salmon, and herring,
which abound in the rivers and on the coast, are
the principal productions of the country, and are
exported in considerable quantities. Pop. about
60,000. Brunswick, (New,) city, New-Jersey, Middle
sex CO. on the S. W. bank of the Raritan, 16 m.
N. E. Princeton, 33 S. W. New- York, 57 N. E.
Philadelphia. Pop. in 1810, including the
township, 6,312. It contains a court-house, jail,
college edifice, and 5 houses for public worship ;
1 for Dutch Reformed, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for
Episcopalians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists.
The situation of the town is low, but not unhealthy.
Queen's college was founded in this city by min
isters of the Reformed Dutch church, for the ed
ucation of their clergy, and incorporated in 1770.
For a long period, *s prospects were gloomy, and
its success discouraging. In 1810, <i Theological
serainary was established in the city by the Gen
eral Synod of the Reforraed Dutch churches, and
to a certain extent connected with the college.
The two departments, however, are raaintained
whoUy by diflferent funds, and are amenable to dif
ferent tribunals. The college edifice is of stone, 3
stories high, and unfinished. The exercises of the
college have for some time past been suspended,
and the building appropriated to the accommoda
tion of theological students. The library contains
700 or 800 volumes. The Theologicaldepartment
has 2 professors, and about 15 students,
Brunswkk, t. Essex co, Vt, on Connecticut riv
er, 66 m, N, E, MontpeUer, PCp, 148,
Brunswick, t Rensselaer co, N, Y, 5 m, E, Troy,
Pop. 2,302.
Brunswick, co. Va, between Nottaway aud
Meherrin rivers. Pop. 15,411. Sla-vesj 9,368.
Brunswick, co. N. C. on the sea-coast, at the

B R Z

1.^1

mouth of Cape Fear river. Pop. 4,778. Slaves
2,254. Chief t Smithville.
Brunswick, t. Berks co. Pa, Pop. 1,770.
Brunswick, t. Brunswick co. i^. C. on Cape
Fear river, 30 m. above its mouth, 17 below Wil
mington, Brunwsick, 9-p. and cap, Glynn co, Geo, on the
N, bank of Turtle river, about 10 m, S, Darien,
80 S, S, W, Savannah. Lat, 31° 10' N, It has
only 2 or 3 h6uses, but its harbor is safe, and spa
cious enough to contain a large fleet, and the
depth of water on its bar is sufficient for the larg
est vessel. It has been proposed to connect it by
a canal with the Alatamaha riveri Shipping irt
1816, 1,049 tons,
Bruny's Isle, S. E. coastof Van Dieman's land.
On the E, it is penetrated almost to the centre by
Adventure bay, Lon, 147° 29' E. Lat, 43° 21' S,
Bruree, v. Ireland, 15 m, S. Limerick.
Bi-us, r. Switzerland, empliee into lake Lu
cerne, Brush creek, t. Muslcingum co. Ohio; on Mus
kingum river, 4 m. below Zanesville.
Brush creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, in Ad
am's county. It has good mill seats ; iron Worlcs
a,re erected on it, and a vast quantity of hoUow
iron ware is made. ^
- , Brussels, city, Netherlands, inBrabant, partly
in a plain, and partly on a hiU, at the foot of which
flows the Sonne. Itis the richest and gayest city
of Brabant, and one of the most splendid in Eu
rope, In the great market place stands the Hotel
de Ville, an old edifice in the Gothic style ; with a
turret 364 feet high, and surmounted by a gi
gantic figure of St. Michael, in copper, 17 ffeet
high. The church of St. Gudule is a magnificent
structure, adorned with beautiful paintings. The
chapel of Notre Dame is likewise an elegant
building, and the church of the Capuchins was
one of the finest, that order possessed in Eu
rope. There are several elegant raansions be-
fongingto noblemen, most of which contain valua
ble paintings. But the chief ornaments of Brus
sels, are its public walks, which are not surpassed
in beauty by those of any city in Europe.
The manufactures of this city are very cele
brated, particularly its lace, camlets, and car
pets ; also its carriages, which, for cheapness and
elegance, surpass even those of London and Paris.
It carries on considerable trade, by means of the
canals which connect it with the Scheldt, 23 m. S.
Antwerp, 26 S, E. Ghent, 156 N, N, E, Paris, Lon.
4° 22' 15" E. Lat, 50° 50' 69" N. Pop, in 1817,
80,000. BrussStv, t. of the Prussian states, in the Ucker
Market Brandenburg, 12 m, N,E, Prenzlow.
Bruton, t, Eng, in Soraerset, 12 m, S, W,
Frorae, Brutus, p-t. Cayuga co. N, Y, on the Erie canal,
5 ra. N. E. Auburn. Pop. 2,030.
Bruyeres, t France, 10 m. W, S, W. St Diey.
Bruyeres, t. France, 3 m. S. E. Laon.
Bryan, co. Geo. on the sea coast, separated
from Chatham co, by Ogechee river. Pop. 2,827.
Bryant's cross-roads, p-v. Northampton coi
N.C, Bryantslick, a S. E. branch of Green river, Ken.,
Brsesc, or Brsests Litov, t. Russia, cap, of a
circle in Grodno, at the influx of the Muchawiec
into the Bug. 100 m. E. Warsaw-. Lon. 23° 30f
E. Lat 52° 2' N.
Brzesc, t. Poland, 80 m, W. N. W, Warsaw.-
Brzesnits, t, Bohemia, 33 m. S. Prachin. '

132

BUG

Bua, or The Isle of Partridges, in the N. part of
the Adriatic. Lon, 16° 30' E. Lat, 43° 20' N.
Buareos, t, Portugal, 21 ra, S, W, Coirabra.
Bucalena, t. Chili, 60 ra, S, Valparaiso,
Buccari, t Austrian empire, on the E. side of
the gulf of Venice, It has a capacious harbor ; 6
m. E. Fiume.
Buccheri, t Sicily, 20 ra. N. W. Syracuse.
Buch, Tele de, t France, 32 ra. S. by W. Bor
deaux. Buchan, district, Scotland, comprehending part
of the counties of Aberdeen and Banff,
Buchan-Ness, the most eastern point of land in
Scotland, Lon, 1° 43' W . Lat 57° 26' N.
Bucharia. See Bukharia^
Bucharest, t. Eu. Turkey, cap. o( Walachia.
It lies on the Dembrowitza, and is partly forti
fied. The houses are, forthe most part, wretched
clay huts, and the common pavement of the
streets is of wooden logs. The prevailing religion
is the Greek, and the town is the seat of an arch
bishop. 250 m, N, N. W, Constantinople. Lon.
26° 51' E. L-dt, 44° 29' N. Pop. about 60,000.
Buchau, t. Germany, 24 ra. S. W. Ulm. Lon.
9° 38' E. Lat. 48° 6' N.
Buchau, t. Bohemia, 6 ra, E. S, E, Carlsbad.
Buchen, t in Baden, 22 m, E. Heidelburg.
Buchenberg, t. Bavaria, 5 ra. W. S. W. Kerap-
ten. Bitchholtz, V. Prussia, 23 ra, S, S, E. BerUn.
Buchloe, t Bavaria, 18 ra. S. S. W. Augsburg.
Buchom, t. Wirtemberg, on the lake of Con
stance, 13 m. E. Constance.
Buchweikr, t. France, 13 m, W. Haguenau.
Buchy, V. France, 12 m, N. E. Rouen.
Buck, t Prussian states, 15 m, S. W, Posen.
B'uckau, isl. in the bay of Howakil, Abyssinia.
Lon. "40° 30' E. Lat 15° N.
Buckeburg, t. Germany, 3 m. E, Minden.
Buckenham, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 14 ra. S. W.
Norwich. Buckfield, p-t Oxford co, Maine, 6 m. S. Paris.
Pop. 1,261.
Buckhanan, p-t. Harrison co. Va.
Buclchaven, t, Scotland, in Fife, situated on the
N, side of the Forth.
Buckhead creek, r. Geo, runs S. into the Oge-
xhee, about 60 miles below LouisviUe.
BvcWiom-faUs, p-v. Chatham co, N, C.
BvcMe, t. Scotiand, in Banff, 6 m, W. Cullen.
Buckingham, co. Eng. bounded N.by Northamp
tonshire, E. by Bedford, Hertford, and Middle
sex, S, by Berkshire, and W, by Oxford, It con
tains 748 square miles, or 478,720 acres, of which
328,000 are arable and in pasture, and 20,000 in
wood. It is celebrated for corn aud cattle. Pop.
in 1811, 117,660; families 26,201, of which
13,933 are engaged in agriculture, and 8,434 in
trade and manufactures.
Buckingham, t. Eng. cap. of Buckinghamshire,
on the Ouse. The principal manufacture is
white thread lace. Pop, 3,500, 67 m, W, N, W,
London, Buckingham, co. Lower Canada, chiefly in the
district of Three-Rivers, on the S, side of the St,
Lawrence, Buckingham, t York co, Lower-Canada, on
Ottaway river, N. W, Montreal,
Buckingham, co, Va, on James river, and ex
tending S, to the Appomatox, Pdp,20,069, Slaves,
11,675, Chief t New-Canton,
Buckingham, p-t, Bucks co. Pa, Pop, 1,715,
B-itckingham, t. VVayne co. Pa, Pop, 163,

B U E
Buckland, t. Hertford co, Lower-Canada, 18 m.
S, E, Quebec,
BuckUmd, t FrankUn co. Mass, 10 m, S, W,
Greenfield, Pop, 1,097,
Buckland, p-t. Prince WilUam co, Va. 40 m. S,
W. Washington,
Buckkstown, t Berkeley co, Va. 8 m. fr, Mar
tinsburg, Buckou, t Prussia, 28 m, E, BerUn.
Bucks, CO. Pa, on Delaware river. It has PhU-
adelphia and Montgomery counties S. W, and
Northampton co, N, W, Pop, 32,371. Chief t
Bristol. Biickskin, t. Ross co. Ohio, 16 m. N. W. ChiU-
cothe. Pop, in 1819, 1,080.
Bucksport, hrmerly Buckstown, p-t Hancock
CO, Maine, on the E. side of the Penobscot, 25 m.
E. Castine.
Bucktown, t Dorchester co. Md. on the E.
shore, 84 m. S. Cambridge.
Buda, city, and cap. of Lower Hungary, on
the W. bank of the Danube. It has communica
tion by an immense bridge of boats, with the op
posite town of Pest. It is the first commercial
city in Hungary. It is also famous for its hot
baths. 125 m. E. S, E, Vienna, 150 N, N, W,
Belgrade. Lon. 19° 2' 30" E. Lat 47° 29' 44" N.
Pop. 30,000.
Budarin, t. Russia, in Caucasus, on the Ural, 36
m. S, S, W, Uralsk,
B'udavon, t and district of Hind, in Delhi. The
town is in lon. 79° 4' E. lat 28° 3' N,
Buddaruek, or Badruck, t Hind, 33 m, S. W,
B 3.1sisor6 Budderwas, t. Hind, 20 m, N, N. E. Budawur.
Buddersdale. See Boledale.
Bvde, s-p. Eng. in CornwaU. Lon. 4° 45' W,
Lat 60° 56' N.
B'udelich, t. Prussian states, 11 ra. E. Treves.
Buderich, t. Prussian states, on the Rhine^ 20
ra, S.E, Cleves,
Budianowcze, v. Austrian empire, 14 m, from
Carlowitz, Budin, t Bohemia, 20 ra. N.Prague.
Budincze, v. Sclavonia, 11 m. E. Ruma.
B'udingen, t Germany, 10 m, E, N, E, Frank..
fort on the Maine,
Budissan, t Moravia, 20 m, S. E, Iglau.
Budleigli, t, Eng, in Devonshire, 12 m. S, Ex
eter. Budneera, t. Hind, 36 m. E, S, E, Burhampour,
Bvdoa, t, Austrian empfre, on the coast of Dal
matia, Lon, 18° 59' E, Lat 42° 31' N,
Budruck, t. Hind, in Orissa, Lon, 86° 44' E,
Lat. 21° 5' N,
Budweis, a circle of Bohemia, separated from
Austria by a chain of high mountains. Pop,
170,000. Budweis, the chief town, is on the
Moldau, 66 m. S, Prague, and contains 4,600 in-
_ hal5itants, Budweits, t, Moravia, 15 m, N, W, Znaym,
Budziac Tartars. See Bessarabia.
Bueib, el, v, Egypt, 20 m, N, E, Cafro,
Suenaire, isl, in 'W, Indies, belonging to the
Dutch, U is 52 m.E, Curacoa, Lon, 67° 36' W,
Lat, 12° 26' N.
Buenaventura, a Spanish settiement on the
coast of New CaUfornia, Lat, 34° 16' N,
Buenaventura, s-p, S.America, 2(X)m, W, Santa
Fe de Bogota, Lat, 3° 66' N,
Bnenos Ayres, formerly a viceroyaJty, in S,
Araerica, under the dominion of Spain, but now
independent, under the title of the IJnited Proviit-

B U E
ces of South America. It is bounded N. by Peru
aud Brazil, E. by Brazil, S, E, by the Atiantic, S,
by Patagonia, and W. by the Andes which sepa
rate it frora Chili and Peru. It is about 1,600
miles long, aud 1,000 broad, containing 1,300,000
square mUes, The northern and central parts,
embracing 6ne half the territory, are in the pos
session of the Indians,
Tills country is watered by the great river La
Plata and its nuraerous branches. The western
provinces bordering on Uie Andes, are raountain
ous ; the territory east of the Paraguay and Pa
rana, is a fine, waving, well watered country,
while the intermediate district lying bet-ween the
Paraguay and the raountains, aud extending from
N, to S, through the whole length of the country,
consists of extensive plains. The principal pro
ductions are cattie and the precious metals. -Ag
riculture is neglected, although the soil is fertile,
and would yield wheat, Indian cora, tobacco, &c.
in abundance. The vast plains and pampas are
covered with immense herds of horses, mules and
cattle, and a large portion of the population are
constantiy employed in tending them. Gold and
silver mines are found in all the provinces border
ing ou the Andes. The richest is the silver mine
of Potosi, which has been -wrought nearly 3 cen
turies, and yields several miUions of dollars annu
ally. The principal exports are gold, silver,
hides, beef and tsdlow. The imports are manu
factured goods, principaUy from Great Britain.
Mules in immense droves are collected every year
at Salta, from the southern provinces, and thence
sent over the Andes to Peru. The population is
estimated at 2,000,000, of which number 700,000
are civilized Indians. The number of independ
ent Indians is unknown. The government of this
couutry, for several years has been in an unset
tled state ; the different provinces having been at
war with each other, as weU as with the mother
country. Buenos Ayres, city, S. America, and cap. of the
province of Buenos Ayres, is agreeably situated
in a plain, on the S. W. side of the river Plata, 200
miles from its mouth. Lon. 57° 24' W. Lat 34°
35' S. It is built with great regularity, and the
principal streets display both taste and opulence.
The houses are generaUy built of brick, with flat
roofs, and some of the pubUc buildings are large
and splendid. There is no harbor at Buenos
Ayres, nor so much as a mole to facilitate the
landing of boats. Ships can only come within 3
leagues Of the town ; there they unload their goods
into boats, which carry them into a little river
nam»d Rip Chuels, whence they are transported
in carts to the town.' The navigation of the river
-Plata to Buenos Ayres is very dangerous, owing
to rocks and shaUows, and. also to the winds which
rush from the vast plains S. W. of Buenos Ayres,
with unequaUed fury.
This city is the outlet for the produce, not only
of the country watered by the river Plata and its
branches, but also of that of the mining districts
of Peru and Chili ; and the same extensive terri
tory is furnished with foreign goods from this city.
This trade is carried on principally by land. The
abundance of cattle, horses and mules, furnish fa-
ciUties for transportation, not to be found in any
other country. Wood ia very scarce in the neigh
borhood of Buenos Ayres. The population is es
timated at from 60 to 70,000.
Buen Retiro. See Madrid.
Buero, See Souro.

B U H

133

Bufalo, Porto, s-p, Turkey, on the S. W. coast
of Negropont Lon. 24° 15' E. Lat 38° 13' N.
Bufalora, v, Lombardo-Venetian kingdom, 15
m. W. MUan,
Buffaloe Lake, North America, near Copper
mine river, in lon. 111<^ W. lat, 67° 12' N.
Buffalo, p-t port of entry and cap. Niagara co.
N.Y. at the outlet of Lake Erie, 2? m S. Nijigara
falls, 80 N. E. by E. Erie^ 240 E. Sandusky,
302 E. Detroit, 222 N. N. E, Pittsburg, 291 W.
Albany. Pop. 1,508. Being situated on the best
channel of intercourse between the Atlantic and
the regions of the West, it is destined to become a
great emporium of trade., The depth of water in
Buffalo creek is sufficient for a harbor, being 12 or
14 feet, for a mile from its mouth, and the breadtli
is from 12 to 16 rods. Its only obstruction is the
sand and gravel at its mouth, driven in by gales of
wind. It is proposed to remedy this by construct
ing a pier, or mole. At present, the vessels on the
Lake, harbor at Black-Rock, 2 miles down the Ni
agara. Buffalo was burnt by the British during
the late war, but has been since rebuilt.
Buffalo, t Cumberland co. Pa, Pop, 670,
Buffalo, t Washington co. Pa, Pop. 1,416.
Buffalo, t Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 1,160.
Bvffalo, t Butler co. Pa. Pop. 375.
Buffalo, p-v. Mason co. Va,
Buffak, t. Guernsey co, Ohio, on WiUs creek,
6 m. Si Cambridge,
Buffalo, t. Pike Co, Missouri,
Buffalo, r. Niagara co, N, Y, runs into Lake
Erie at Buffalo,
Buffalo, r. Pa, runs into the W. branch of the
Susquehannah, above Lewisburg,
Buffalo creek, Va, runs into the Ohio above
WheeUng, Buffalo crick, rises in N, C, and runs into Broad
river, iu S, Carolina,
Buffak creek, Geo, runs into the Oconee, 30 or
40 ra. below Milledgeville.
Buffalo, r. Mississippi, runs into the Mississippi,
2 m. above Fort Adams, at Loftus' heights.
Buffalo fork, Arkansaw territory, rises near the
N. bank of the Arkansaw, and running 180 miles
N. E. joins White river 700 miles above its raouth.
Bug, or Bog, r. Poland, has its source in Gali
cia, and falls into the Vistula a little above the
town of Zakroczyn, N. W. of Warsaw. It forras
the boundary between the kingdom of Poland and
the Russian governraents of Volhynia and Grodno.
Buga, city, S. America, 16 leagues N. E. Po
payan. Lat 2° 68' N.
Bugano, isl. off the S. E. coast of Sumatra,
Lon, lOf 26' E. Lat 6° 20' S.
Bugden, or Buckden, t Eng, in Huntingdon, 30
S, Staraford,
Bugey, formerly a province of France, which
lay between Franche Comt^, Bresse, Dauphiny,
and Savoy, now included in the department of the
Ain, Buggess. See Boni Bay.
Biigia. See Boujeiah.
Bugie, V, A. Turkey, 3 m, S, Smyrna,
Bugie, s-p, Egypt, on Uie Red Sea. Lon. 38°
40'E. Lat 22'^ 15'N.
Buglowton, t. Eng, in Cheshire.
Bugue, Le, t. France, 18 m. S. S. E. Perigueux.
Buguhna, t. Russia, in Upha. Lon. 52° 24' E.
Lat 54° 39' N.
Buguruslansk, t. Russia, 140m. W. S. W. Upha,
BiSiawulpore, district Hind, on both sides of
the Hyphasis, or Ghurra, bounded- E. and S.. hy

134

BUL

Biccanee, W. and N. by Moultan. Buhawulpore,
the cap. is onthe E. bank of the Hyphasis, in lat
30° 40' N, lon, 71° 46- E, 70 m, fr, Moultan,
Buhl, t, in Baden, 9 m. S, S. W. Rastadt Lon.
8° 12' E. Lat 48° 44' N.
Sujalance, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 10 ra. E. Cor
dova. Bujana, t Hind, in Gujerat. Lon. 71° 25' E.
Lat. 22° 55. N.
Builth, t. Wales, in Brecknock co. on the Wye,
14 m,fr. New Radnor.
Buinaah, Point, Ireland, the S, cape at the en
trance of Newport bay, Lon. 9° 43' W, Lat. 43°
46' N,
Buis, Le, t. France, 45 ra, S, E, Valence, Lon,
S° 21' E, Lat, 44° 17' N.
Buisaco, r. Quito, enters the Juanambu,
Buitrago, t. Spain, 36 ra, N. Madrid. Lon. 3°
53' W. Lat 41° 1' N,
Bulcliaria, Bukhara, or Bokhara, said to signify
the Country of Learned Men, a country of Asia,
whose limits are not exactly defined by modern
geographers. It is commonly called Great Buk
haria, in contradistinction to a country called Lit
tie Bukharia, which bounds it on the east. On
the N. and W. it seems to be bounded by Karasm
and Turkestan, and on the S. by Persia and Nor
thern Hindostan. It extends, according to the
most accurate estimate, about 700 raUes frora N.
to S. and 350 from E. to W. It is believed to be
divided into three provinces (though they are cer
tainly not ruled by the sarae govemraent,) Buk
haria proper, Samarcand, and Bulkh. The coun
try is watered by the Sihoon on the N. the Amu,
or Oxus, on the S. and the Sogd. It is inhabited
by two distinct races, one called Taujiks, Tajiks,
or Taujets, and the other, Usbecks, a principal
tribe of Tartars. This country was called by the
ancients Sogdiana. ,
Bukharia, Bokhara, or Bogar, a city of Asia,
cap. of Great Bukharia, on a branch of the Oxus,
from which latter it is distant about 60 miles. It
has long been celebrated for the study of theology
and Mahometan law ; and the inhabitants are
more civilized than those of tiie neighboring coun
tries. They are employed in the manufacture of
cotton yarn, calicoes and soap, which are chiefly
cxpotrted to Persia. , Merchants of all kinds raeet
with great encouragement, and all religions are
tolerated. The population is supposed to exceed
100,000. Lon. 62° 45' E, Lat 39° 27' N.
Bukharia, Little, a country of Asia, no better
known to Europeans than , Great Bukharia, It
appears to lie amidst deserts, aud is bounded N.
by the country of the Kalmucks and Eygur, E. by
the desert of Kobi, S. by the mountains of Thibet,
and W. by Great Bukharia. The productions of
the country are ' gold, silver, and all sorts of pre
cious stohes, which are sent to India, China, and
Tobolsk in Siberia, The Bukharians are Ma
hometans, but so far depart from the purity of the
faith, that they tolerate, in the most Uberal man
ner, every other species of worship. This country
formerly consisted of 2 kingdoms, Kashgar in the
west, and Kalis in the east Since 1759, the whole
has been tributary to China, Lat, 36° to 43° N,
Bukorest., See Bucharest. .
Btdcowine, province in the Austrian empire,
bounded N, by the Dniester, E, and S, by Molda
via, and W. by Transylvania and Galicia. It
contains 4,000 square miles. Pop. 190,000.
Bulach, t Switzerland, 8 m, N, Zurich,

BUM
Bulach, V. Black Forest in Suabia, 20 m, W, S;
W. Stutgard,
Bulak, V, Egypt, 2 ra. W. Cairo, to which city
it serves as a harbor. It contains a custora-house,
magazines, and a large bazar.
Bulama, one of the Bissagos islands, on the W.
coast of Airica. - '^n 1792 a company was formed
in England with the view of colonizing this island,
and the island was ceded to Great Britain;, but
owing to the bad choice of the colonists, defects oT
the climate, and hostility of the neighboring peo*
pie, it was abandoned.
Bularskaia, t Russia, on the Irtisch, opposite
Tobolsk. Bulgaria, lAMe, a province of Turkey in Eu
rope, which extends from the Black sea to Servia.
The Danube divides it from Bessarabia, Molda
via, and Walachia, while the Sardinian moun
tains and the river Kamtchi sep2U'ate it on the S.
from Macedon and Romelia proper. Pop. estima
ted at 1,500,000. The inhabitants speak the
Sclavonic language, and profess partly the Greek,
and partly the Mahometan religion.
Bulgin, t Siberia, 3 ra. fr. Okhotzk.
Bulgueeilk, t. France, 10 m, S, E. Neufchateau,
Bulitaga, a range of mountains in central Asia,
extending from Lon, 72° to 73° E, Lat 48° 30 to
51° N.
BuUdi, or BaOe, a country of Asia, dependent on
the kingdom of Cabul. Its extent cannot be ac
curately defined ; it has the Oxus on the N, the
mountains of Hindoo Coosh ou the S. and a desert
country on the W. It is about 250 miles longand
100 broad. The country surrounding the towns
IB in a high state of cultivation. It is inhabited by
Usbeck Tartars, Taujiks and Arabs, who dweU
partly in towns and partiy iu tents. Pop. about
1,000,000. Bulkh, cap. of the province of that name, on the
Dehast, in a flat, fertile and weU cultivated coun
try, watered by eighteen canals. It is the Bac-
tria of the Greeks ; its history belongs to the high
est antiquity, and aU Asiatics are impressed witli
the idea of its being the oldest city in the world.
Pop. 6,000 or 7,000. Lon. 66° 16' E. Lat 36° 28'
N. Bull, isl. off the S. W. coast of Ireland. Lon.
10" 9' W. Lat 51° 33'N.
Bull, rock, off the N. coast of Ireland. Lon. 6°
12' W, Lat 55° 19' N,
Bullan Bay, between the island of Achil and
W, coast of Ireland, Lon, 9° 43' W, Lat 54° N,
Bidle, t Switzerland, 10 m, S, Fribourg,
Bulks, t. France, 10 m, E, N, E, Beauvais.
Bulkt, CO, Ken. on the Ohio. Pop. 4,311.
Slaves, 976.
Bulletsburg, p-t. Boone co. Ken.
BuU IslarS, S. C. on Uie N. side of Charleston-
harbor. ,y
Bullotthyt. Bengal, 12 m, S, E, Luildpoer.
Bulloch, CO, Geo. between Ogeecliee and Ca-
noochee rivers, Cliief t Statesboro', Pop,2,305.»
Slaves, 426,
- Bull's Bay, or Boboid Bay, ou the E, coastof
Newfoundland. Lat 47° 21' N,
Bull's Head, cape, Ireland, Lon, 10° 4' W,
Lat, 52° 6' N,
BuUskiii, t. Fayette co. Pa, on Uie-Youghioseny.
Pop. 1,439,
Buhtrode, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,,
20m. S.E, Three-Rivers.
Bumm, city, Persia, cap, of Kerman. It is
strongly fortified, Lon, 58°. E, Lat. 39° 17' N.

BUR
Bumosa, or Abi, isl. in the Persian gulf, Lon.
64° E. Lat. 26° 15' N.
Bunawe, s-p. Scotland. Lon. 5° 16' W. Lat.
56° 24' N.
Bunbury, v. Eng. 6 m. from Nantwich,
Bunclody. See New-Town Bany.
Buncombe, co, N. C, the W. corner of the state.
Pop, 9,277. Slaves, 695, Chief t Morristown.
In this county are Black, Bald, and Smoaky
mountains, lofty peaks of the Blue ridge. Here
are the head-waters of Santee river.
Bunde, t. Prussian states, 28 ni. N, Munster.
Bundelcund, an extensive district. Hind, in the

BUR

135

province of Allahabad, lying between 24° and 26°
¦iCallina-t
has belonged to the British.

N. lat. Its capital is (

ger. Since 1804, it

Bunder Reig. See Bender Rigk.
Buncau, t. E":ig. in Suffolk, on the Waveney,
which is navigable by barges to Yarmouth ; 38 m.
N. N, E, Ipswich,
Bungo, kingdom of Japan, in the island of Xi
mo, Bunpoor, t, Persia, in Mekran, It has a strong
fortress, Lon, 60° 10' E, Lat 27° SO' N,
Bunree, r. Ireland, runs into the Moy.
Bunrow, r. Ireland, runs into Donegal bay.
Buntingford, t Eng. 11 ra. N. Hertford.
Buntwall, fiiind. 14 m. E. Mangalore. Lon.
76° 9' E. Lat 12° 48' N.
Buntslauj Circle of, in Bohemia, bounded E. by
Koningsgratz, S. by Kaurzim, W. by Leutmeritz,
and N. by Silesia and Lusatia. Pop. 280,000,
Buntzlau, t Bohemia, on the Iser, 28 m. N, N.
E, Prague,
Buntzlau, t. Silesia, on the Bober, 26 m, N, W,
Jauer. Lon. 16° 37' E. Lat, 61° 13' N,
Bunwoot, isl, off the W, coast of Mindanao, be-
fonging to the English East India company, Lon.
124° 30' E, Lat 7° 12' N,
. Buonconvento,t. Tuscany, 10m. S. E, Siena.
Burnio, 1 . ChiU, enters the -Pacific, in lat, 40°
37'S. Burampour, t Hind, 80 ra, N, E. Cicacole,
Burburala, t Venezuela, 52 ra. W, Core, Bur-
burata islands are opposite to it, in the Caribbean
sea. Burdatik, t. Great Bukharia, on the Jihon, 45
m. S. W. Bokhara.
Burdee, t Hind.' Lon. 82° 27' E. Lat. 24° 37'
N. Burdistan, mountain, Persia, near Schiraz.
Burdwan, district of Bengal, betweeen 22° and
24° N.lat and on the W, side of the Hoogly,
BuMwan, the capital, is alarge town, on Dura-
moodah river, 60 m, N. Calcutta, Lou. 87° 67'
E, Lat, 23° l^N, Jhe Church Missionary So
ciety have selected this place for one of their sta
tions, and in 1820, they had 13 flourishing schools
under their direction, iu which 13(H) children
-were receiving instruction,
Burela, Cape, Spain. Lon. 7° 26' W. Lat. 43°
41'N. , . '
Burello, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 9 ra, E,
Nicotera, Buren, t. Netherlands, 6 ra. S, E. Utrecht
Buren, t Prussian states, 13.ra, S. S, W. Pa
derborn, Bures, t Eng. in Suffolk, on the Stour.
Burfoid, t. Eng. 17 m, N, N, W.Oxford.
Bmford, t, Oxford co. Up. Canada,
Burg, t. Prussian states, 4 m, N, E. Magdeburg,
Pop, 7,000, . .
Burg, t. Netherlands, 12 m. S. S. E. Zntphen.

Burgas, t. Turkey, on the Black sea, 112 m.
N. N. W. Constantinople. Lon, 27° 29' E. Lat,
42° 31' N.
Burgau, formerly a margraviate of Suabia, now
included in tlie Bavarian circles of the Upper
Danube and the Iller.
Burgau, t. Bavaria, 19 m, N. W. Aussburg, 20
E. N, E, Ulm. " "'
Burg-Bumheim, t. Bavaria, 1-1 in; N. N, W.
Anspach. Burgdorf, t Switzerland, 10 in. N. E. Bern,
Burgdorf, t. Hanover, 9 m, S. Zell. Lon, 10°
7' E, Lat '52° 28' N.
Burg-Ebrach, t Bavaria, 8 iri. S, W, Bamberg^
Burgel, t, Germany, 15 ra. S.E. Weimar. Lon,
11° 44' E, Lat 50° 65' N,
Burgess, t, Leeds co. Up, Canada,
Burgetstown, p-t Washington co. Pa.
Burgh, t. Eng. in Lincoln, 5 m. N. W. Wain-
fleet Burg Hamza. See Hamsa.
Burghausen, t. Bavaria, on the Salza, near ite
influx into the Inn, 50 m, E, Munich, Lon, 12°
47' E. Lat, 48° 7' N,
Burgh Head, cape, Scotland, Lon, 3° 24' W.
Lat 67° 41' N. ; anotiier, in lat 54° 44' 20" N.
Burgh-upon-Sands, v. Eng. 5 m. N. W.Car-,.
lisle. '
Burglen, v. Switzerland, 4 m. N. N. W. St
GaU. ,
Burglengenfeld, t. Bavaria, 12 m. N, W, Rat
isbon, Pop. 1,400.
Burgos, city, Spain, cap. of Old Castile, on the
right bank of the Arlanzon. It was very flour
ishing in former times. 112 m. N, Madrid, Lon.
2° 40' 16" W. Lat, 42° 50' 29" N, Pop, 9,000.
Burgstadt, t Saxony, 3 m. fr. Penig.
Burgu, district, Africa, on the S. border of the
Lybian desert, probably the same as Berdoa.
Bjirguetta, El, t Spain, 24 m. E. N. E. Pampe
luna. Burgundy, Circle of, one of the ten , circles of
the German empire. Originally it was very ex
tensive, and comprised, besides the free county
(Franche ComtS) of Burgundy, the whole 17 prov-*-
inces of the Netherlands ; but after the Dutch
provinces declared their independence, and the
southern part of the circle was gradually acquir
ed by France, it consisted only of the Spanish or
Austrian Netherlands.
Burgundy, D'uchy of, otherwise called Bur
gundy Proper, or Lower Burgundy^ to distinguish
it from Franche ComU, or Upper Burgundy, for
raerly a province in the east of France. The
principEA product of the country is its wine, which
isknownand esteemed throughout Europe. At the
revolution, it was divided into the departments
of the Saone and Loire, the Cote d'Or, and the
Yonne ; part of it also lies in those of the Nievre,
the Aube, the Upper Mame, and the Ain. The
principal towns after Dijon, are Macon, Autun,
Chalons sur Saone, Auxerre, and Sens.
Burgundy. See Arelat.
Bui-halia, t. Syria, 10 m. N. W, Damascus.
Burhampour, city, Hind. cap. of Candeish, on
the Tatee, 100 ra. N. Aurungabad, 452 S. Delhi.
Lon. 76° 20' E. Lat. 21° 22' N.
•Buriana, t. 'Tuscany, near the lake of Castig-
lione, 16 ra. S. Montieri.
Burias, one of the Philippine islands. Lon. 122°
43' E, Lat 12°46'N.
Burials, a tribe of Tartars, widely dispersed
throughout the government of Irkutsk, in Sibe-

136

B C R

ria. Their features bear much resemblance to
those of the Kalmucks, They inhabit the banks
of the lake Baikal, and of the rivers Angara and
Lena. Burie, t. France, 10 ra. E. Saintes.
Burka, or Varaque, s-p. Arabia, the residence
of the Iman of Muscat, 40 m. N. W. Muscat, Lat
23° 48 N,
Burke, p-t, Caledonia co, Vt 45 ra, N, E, Mont
peUer, Pop, 459,
Burke, co, N. C. on Catawba river, among the
mountains of the Blue ridge. Pop. 11,007, Slaves,
1,433, Chief t Morgantown,
Burke, CO, Geo. on Savannah river. Pop, 10,858
Slaves, 4,691. Chief t. Waynesboro.
Burken, v. Baden, 27 m. E. Heidelberg.
Burkersdorf, v. Saxony, in MisBiia. Pop. 1,000.
Burke's Canal, inlet on the N. W. coast of
America, formed by King's island on the N. and
New Albion on the S. Lon. 232° 10' E. Lat. 51°
57' N.
BurkesviUe, p-t. Cumberland co, Kea.
Burials, t France, 4 m, E. Castres.
Burley, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. fr. OUey,
Burley on the Hill, v. Eng. in Rutiand co.
Burlington, or Bridlington, s-p. Eng. in York-
.shire, on Burlington bay. Burlington Quay is
-situated on the coast It is formed by a pier,
which extends a considerable way into the bay,
.ind is defended by two batteries. Considerable
trade is carried on here. There is a custom
house, which is dependent on Hull. The Quay
is rauch resorted to for sea bathing. Pop. of Bur
lington and Burlington Quay, 3,741. 20 m. from
Scarborough. Lon. 0° 8' W. Lat, 64° 8' 30" N,
Burlington, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass, 12 ra. N,
W, Boston, Pop. 471.
Burlington, p-t port of entry, and cap. Chit
tenden CO. Vt. delightfully situated on a bay of the
same name, in lake Champlain, 34 m, W. N, W.
-MontpeUer, 110 S, Montreal, 198 N. W, Boston.
Pop, 1,690. The village is one of the handsomest
in the state. It occupies the side of a hill, as
cending nearly a raile- from the bay. Here are
two handsome Congregational meeting-houses, a
courthouse, jail, academy, and a spacious college
edifice. Within the limits of the township, a
mile N. E. of the village, are the falls of Onion
river, around which are several valuable mills
and manufacturing establishments. About 20
vessels navigate hike Champlain, most of which
are owned in this place.
The University of Vermont is located in this
town. It was incorporated in 1791, and has been
liberally patronized by the state. It has a presi
dent, 6 professors, 2 tutors, a library of about
1,000 volumes, and a philosophical apparatus,
which is tolerably complete. The funds consist
principaUy of lands, amounting to about 40,000
acres, and yield at present an income of about
1200 dollars. The nuraber of students in 1818
was 28. The college .edifice is a beautiful
brick building, 160 feet long, and 4 stories high.
It is finely situated on the E, side of the village, a
mile from the lake, and elevated more than 300
feet above its surface. From the top of the col
lege there is a noble view of the lake and the ad
jacent country.
Burlington, t. Hartford co. Ct 16 m. W. Hart
ford, Pop, 1,467- -
Burlington, p-t Otsego oo, N, Y. 12 m. W.
Cooperstown. Pop. 3,196,

BUR
Burlington, co, N. J, on the Atlantic, and ex
tending N, W, to Delaware river. Pop, 24,979.
Chief towns, Mount-Holly and BurUngton, '
Burlington, city, port of entry, and cap, 'Bur
lington CO, N, J, on Delaware river, opposite Bris
tol, 1 1 ra, below Trenton, 17 above Philadelphia.
Pop, 2,419, The rnost populous part is on an isl
and in the Delaware, to which there are 4 en
trances by bridges. It was settied iu 1677, It
contains a courthouse and jail, 4 houses of pubUc
worship, an academy, a public Ubrary, and has
some manufactures. Its harbor is safe aud com-
commodious. Shipping in 1815, 1,592 tons,
Burlington, t Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 661.
Burlington, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
4 ra. above WheeUng, Kentucky, 10 N. E. St
ClairsvUle, Another, in Licking co. Another,
p-t. and cap. Lawrence co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
75 m. S. E. Chilicothe, 120 fr. Columbus.
Burlingtoro-bay, Up, Canada, the W, end of
lake Ontario. This bay is both spacious and se
cure, but the entrance is narrow, and so shallow
that only boats can pass, and there is a bridge
thrown across it
Burmah. See Birmah.
Burmoul, v. of Cuttack, iu Hind. It is fortified,
and commands a pass into the district. Lon, 85°
10' E, Lat 20° 21' N.
Bumey's Island, in the Frozen ocean. Lod.
182° 30' E. Lat 67° 45' N.
Bumluim, t Eng. in Essex, 48 m. fr. London.
Burnham, or Market Bwmham, t Eng. in Nor
folk, 34 m. N. W. Norwich.
Burnley, t Eng, in Lancashire, 23 m. N. Man
chester. Pop, 4,368,
Burnt-corn, p-t and cap, Monroe co. Alabama.
Burntisland, a royal burgh and parish, Scot
land, on the Frith of Fortii, 6 m. N. N. W. Leith.
Burnt Island, off the S. coast of Ne-wfoundland,
15 m. E. S. E. Cape Ray. Lon. 58° 60' W, Lat.
47°30'N, Burnt river. See Montreal ricer,
Bumtwood, See Brentwood.
Buronzo, t. Piedmont, 12 m, N. W, VerceUi.
Burr, isl, in the Irish sea, Lon. 5° 21' W, Lat
54°28'N. '
Burramootee, t. Hind, in Bejapour. Lon. 74°
31' E. Lat 18° 14' N.
Burray, one of Uie Orkney islands. Lon, 2°
47' W. Lat 60° 44' N,
Burray, one of the SheUand islands. Lon, 1'
39' W. Lat 60° 5' N,
BurrilviUe, t Providence co. R. I. 24 m. from
Providence. Pop. 1,834. It contains a bdk, and
several cotton factories.
Burrow Head. See Burgh Head.
Burrowbridge. See Boroughbridge.
Burrowstouness. See Borrowstoicnness.
Bursa, city, A. Turkey, in a -spacious plain at
the foot of raount Olympus. The population con
sists of Turks, Greeks, Armenians, and Jews. Va
rious manufactures, and considerable trade are
carried on here. Great variety of satins, chiefly
striped, are made, forthe short under garments of
the Turkish habit; there are besides manufac
tures of silk stuffs and gauze, and quantities of
raw silk are exported to Smyrna and Constanti
nople. The caravans passing from Smyrna and
Aleppo to the capital, promote its coramerce.
Bursa was once tiie capital of the Turkish em
pire. Pop. about 60,000. 75 m. S. Constantino
ple. Lory 29° 12" E. Lat. 40° 1 1' N.

BUS
Bur-Salwn. SeeSalum.
Burscheid, t Prussian states, in the grand duchy
of the Lower-Rhine, near Aix-la-Chapelle^
BuTScough, t Eng. in Lancashire, on the Liv-
ei^ool and Leeds canal.
Bur-Sin. See Sin.
Bursledon, t. Eng. 6 m.E. Southampton.
Barskm, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 3 m. N. New-
castie-under-Line. It has extensive potteries.
Pop, 8,626.
Bursool t. Hind, 12 m, S. E. Burdwan.
Burton, or Burton in Kendal, t. Eng. in West
moreland. Burton, t. Sunbury co. New-Brunswick, onthe
W. side of St. John's river.
Burton, t. Strafford co. N. H. 60 m. N. N. E.
Concord, -Pop. 194,
Burton, p-t Geauga co. Ohio.
Burton, t. 'Washington co. Missouri.
Burton upon Slather, t Eng. 31 m. N. Lincoln.
Burton upon Trent, t. Eng. in Stafford, cele
brated for its exceUent ale, of which -vast quan
tities are made, both for home consumption and
for exportation. Pop. 3,979. 11 m. S. W. Derby,
124 N. N, W, London. Lon, 1° 36' W, Lat, 62°
50' N, -.^
BurtonsmUe, p-v. Orange co. Va.
Burton Wood, t. Eng. in Lancashire.
Burtush, harbor on the N. E. coast of New-
Brunswick, 16 or 20 m. from the S. extremity.
BuTwa, district of Bengal, adjoining Palamow.
Burwah, t. Hind, in Orissa, 28 m. N. N. E. Cut
tack. Burwash, t. Eng. in Sussex, 49 m. fr. London.
Bury,t. Eng. in Lancashire, 9 m. N, Manches
ter, Pop. 8,762,
Bury, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 70 or
80 m, S, i.. Three-Rivers,
Bury St, Edmunds, t. Eng, in Suflblk, on the
Lark. This town is a borough, and returns two
representatives to parUament. Here are the re
mains of an abbey, anciently one of the most
wealthy and magnificent in Britain. Pop. 7,986.
43 ra. S. S. W. Norwich, 72 N. N. E. London.
Lon. 0° 60' E. Lat. 52° 20' N.
Burset, t. France, 15 ra. N. Argentiere.
Busaco, a convent in Portugal, in Beira, 30 ra.
N. E. Coirabra, memorable for an action fought
here on 27th Sept 1810, between Massena and
Lord Wellington.
B'ush river, Md. is formed by the confluence of
several creeks at Harford, and runs into the Ches
apeake 10 railes below.
Bush creek. Pa. runs into the Delaware in
Wayne county.
Bush, r. Ireland, flows into the sea, 3 m. S. W.
Bengore Head.
Busheab, isl. in the Persian gulf. Lon. 53°
4'E. Lat 27° 2'N.
Bushire, Abuschehr, or Bender Boshavir, s-p.
Persia, in Fars, on a peninsula in the Persian gulf.
Provisions and fruits are cheap and excellent in
Bushire; but the water is bad, A considerable
trade is carried on here. The exports are Persian
commodities, such as carpets, wine of .Shiraz, rose-
water, drugs ; and the imports are Indian goods
of different kinds, and English broad cloth. The
English East India company have a factory at this
place. Pop. 5,000. 100 m.W, S,W, Shiraz, Lon.
S0°43'E, Lat 28° 59' N.
Bush town. See Harford, Md,
Bushwick, t. Kings co, Long-Island, N, Y. on
East-riyer. 3 m. fr. New- York city. Pop. 798. 18

B U X

ni

Busir. See Abusir,
Busk, t. Austrian Galicia, on the Bug. 26 ni. E,
N. E. Lemberg.
Buskirk's bridge, p-v. Washington co, N, Y.
Busoivrah, t. Hind. 26 ni. S. S. W. Burham
pour. Busseto, t. Italy, 8 m. S. Cremona,
Bussiere-Badil, t. France, 10 m. N, Nontron.
Bussiere-Poitevine, t. France, 10 m. N, N. W.
BeUac. Bussolin, t. Piedraont, 3 ra. S. Susa.
Bustard bay, on the E. coast of New-Holland.
Lon. 208° 18' W. Lat. 24° 4' S.
Bustard River, Lower Canada, runs into the
St Lawrence, 7 m. W. Manicougan-Point
Bustion, t. FJersia, 60 m. S. E. Lar,
Bustion, Cape, on the Persian Gulf, Lon, 54°
32' E. Lat. 26° 36' N,
Bustletown, t. Philadelphia co. Pa, 10 m. N, W,
Philadelphia, Busto, Cape, .Spain, Lon, 6° 30' W. Lat 43°
37' N,
Bute, isl, Scotland, at the mouth of the frith of
Clyde, 15 miles long, and containing 29,000 acres,
Rothesay is the only town on it. Pop, 5,824, 18 m,
W. Greenock,
Bute, CO. Scotland, constituted exclu^vely of
islands, lying near the mouth of the frith of Clyde,
viz. Arran, Bute, Largs, Little Curabray, and
Inchmarnock. Pop. 12,033. Families 2,619, of
whom 1,214 are employed iu agriculture, and 530
in trade and manufactures.
Butera, t. Sicily, 15 m. E, N. E. Alicata,
Buti, t. Tuscany, 20 ra. N. N. E, Leghorn,
Butifaras, Cape, Minorca, Lon, 4° 13' W, Lat,
39° 48' N,
Butler, CO, Pa. on the W. side of Alleghany riv
er, bounded N. by Venango, E. by Arrastrong, 9.
by Alleghany, W, by Beaver, N, W, by Mercer,
Pop. 7,346. Chief t Butler.
Butler, p-t. and cap, Butler co. Pa, 40 ra, N,
Pittsburg, Pop. 458,
Butler, CO. Alabaraa.
Buller, CO. Ken. Pop. 2,181. Slaves, 274.
Butler, CO. the S. W. part of Ohio, on Great
Miami river. Pop. in 1815, 11,800. County t.
Hamilton. Butler, t. Columbiana co, Ohio, Another,
Montgomery co. Ohio, on Miami river, 7 m. N.
Dayton, Butrinto, s-p. Eu, Turkey, in Albania, oppo
site the island of Corfu. Lat, 39° 44' N,
Buttenheim, v. Bavaria, 6 m, E. S. E. Bam
berg. ButtShiuts, p-t, Otsego co. N. Y. 2l m, S. W.
Cooperstown, Pop. 3,181,
ButteriDorth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. fr.
Rochdale. Pop, 4,872,
Buttevant, t. Ireland, 21 m, N. Cork.
Butthard, t. Bavaria, 6 m. S, S. W, Wurtzburg.
Button-Ness, cape, Scotland. Lon. S° 45' W,
Lat. 66° 28' N,
Button's Islands, at the S. end of Hudson's
straits, Lon. 65° 10' W. Lat, 60° 18' to 60°
40' N,
Buttool, district Hind, in Oude, between 27° and
28° N. lat:
Buttstadt, t. Germany, 12 m, N, Weimar,
Butzbach, t. Germany, 7 m, S. S. W, Giessei^,
Butsow, i. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, 24 m. N, E, Schwerin, Lon, 11° 55' E. Lat.
53° 53' N,
B'nxar, t. awd fort. Hind, in Bahar, on the S

138

CAB

bank of the Ganges. Lon. 83° 58' E. Lat 25°
36' N.
Bujfheim, v. Bavaria, 3 ra. fr. Memniingen,
Bvjctehude, t, Hanover, 16 m, W. S, W, Ham
burgh, Buxton, t. Eng. in Derby, situated in a valley
surrounded by hills, celebrated for its mineral wa
ters. These prove eflicacious in several cora-
plaints, and the town is on that account much re-
isorted to by invalids, 33 m, N, N. W, Derby, 169
N, N. W. London. Pop, 934,
Buxton, p-t, York co, Maine, on Saco river, 8
m. N. W. Saco, 40 N. York, Pop. 2,324.
Buzancois, t France, 14 m. N. W, Chateau
roux. Buzzano, Cape, on the S. E, coast of Naples,
Lon, 16° 34' E. Lat. 37° 57' N.
Bussards bay, on the S. coast of Mass. sets up
between Seakonet point, on the W. and Kutta-
hunk, one of the Elizabeth islands, on the E. It
is 4A miles long, by 7 wide, and approaches within
34 miles of Bamstable-bay, A canal to connect
them, has long been iu contemplation. See Mas
sachusetts-hay.

C A C
Byberry, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop, 765.
Byerley. See Bierley, North.
B3(^c/</, parish, Essex co. Mass, partiy in Row
ley, and partly in Newbury. Pop, 765. Here is
Dummer Academy, well endowed, and having a
good Ubrary ; also an academy in which young la
dies are taught the higher branches of education,
Bygonbarry, t. Bengal, on the W. side of the
Brahmapootra. Lat 24° 46' N.
Byker, t. Eng. I m. E. NewcasUe,
Bylan, See Bailan.
Byram, i . runs into Long-Island sound, between
Connecticut and New- York,
Byram, t. Sussex co, N. J, Pop. 591,
Byrd, t. Cape Girardeau co. Missouri,
Byron, Cape, on the E. coast of New-HoUand,
Lon, 153° 30^E. Lat 28° 37' N,
Byron's Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 173° 16'
E, Lat 1° 18' S, ¦
Byron's Strait, divides New Ireland from New
Hanover, Bywell, V. Eng, in Northumberland.

c.

CaamANA, Cape, on the N. W. coast of Amer
ica. Lon, 228° 17' E, Lat 55° 29' N.
Ca6, el, V, Upper Egypt, 10 m, N. Edfu.
CdbaceiTb, penjusula, E-, Africa, opposite to
the island on which Mesambique is situated,
Cabarda. See Kdbarda.
Cabarita, isl, off Jamaica. Lon. 76° 40' W. Lat
18°24'N. ,
Cttbarras, co. in the W. part of N. C. Pop.
6,158. Slaves, 1,234. Chief t Cohcord.
Cabeca de Vide, t Portugal, 14 ra. S. W. Por
talegre. Cabeca del Negro; t Peru, 50 m. S. W. Paria,
Cabeca de Figue'ra,-t. 266 m. N. N. W, Buenos
Ayres. Cabecas, Las, t Spain, 12 m. S, SevUle.
Cabecas Rubias, t. Spain, 40 m. N, W. SeviUe,
Cabecon, t. Spain, 9 m. N. N. E. Valladolid,
Cabecon, t Spain, 18 m, W, S. W, Santander.
Cabello, or Cavello, Porto, s-p. Venezuela, with
an excellent harbour and bay. It is on a penin
sula, 80 m, W, Caraccas. Lon, 68° 16' W, Lat. 10°
28' N. .Pop, 7,600.
Cabell courthouse, p-v. Cabell co. Va.
CabeUsburg, t Amherst co. Va.
Cabenda, s-p. -Africa, a Uttie north of the Zaire,
in Cacongo. Lon. 12° 30' E. Lat, 6° 40' S,
Cabcs, or Gabs, t. Tunis, at the bottom of the
gulf of Cabes, Lon. 10° 20' E. Lat, 34° N,
Cabi, an independent country of Soudan, or Ni-
gritia, in Africa,
Cabiari, r. New Grenada, falls into the Apure,
Cabinrpoint, p-t, Surry co, Va,
Cabite. See Cavite.
Cabo de Cruz, point on the S, side of Cuba, Lat.
19° 48' N.
Ca*o de St. Juan, the N. E. point of Porto Rico,
Lat, 18° 24' N.
Caio Roxo, cape on the W. coast of Africa, Lat,
12°20'N.

Cabot, p-t Caledonia co. Vt. 16 m. N.E. Monf-
peU'er. Pop. 886. It is on the height of land be
tween the Connecticut and Lake Champlain .
Cobra, t. Spain, 25 m. S. E. Cordova.
Cobra, the port of Tombuctoo, Africa.
Cabrera. See Balearic Islands.
Caftro-a, off Sardinia. Lon. 9° 27' E. tat4f='
15'N. Cabreres, t France, 13 m. E. N. E. Cahors.
Cabrese, r. E. Africa, falls into the Manzora.
Cabri, t. Persia, 40 m. S. W. Meschid.
Cabron, Cape, St. Domingo. Lat 19° 23' N.
Cabul, Kabul, or Caubul, a province of the
kingdom of Afghanistan, lying between 33° and
35° N. lat. Its boundaries are not accurately
known. The whole kingdom is sometimes called
from this province, Cabulistan, or Kabulistan.
The city of Cabul is the chief town.
Cabul, a very ancient city, and cap. of Afghanis
tan, It was long considered as the gate of Hin
dostan towards "Tartary, whUe Kandahar was es
teemed the gate ou the side of Persia. It is the
residence of the Abdally or Doorany monarch, and
the centre of a considerable commerce between
Tartary and Hindostan, 176 m. N. E Kandahar.
Lon. 68° 35' W. Lat 34° 30' N.
Cabyna, isl. S. of Celebes. Lon, 121° 53' E.
Lat 5° 18' S,
Cacabelos, t. Spain, in Leon, 40 m, N. W. Leon.
Caccia, Cape, Sardinia. Lon. 8° 19' E. Lat-
40° 34' N.
Caccioma, t Sardinian states, 8 m. N. Biella.
Caeella, s-p. Portugal. Lon. 7° 28' W.
Caceras, t Spanish Estremadura, 30 m. S, E.
Alcantai-a. Lon. 5° 50' W. Lat 39° 18' N. Pop.
8,000. Caceres, t. Mexico, 70 m. N. W. Vera Cruz.
Cachan. See Cashan.
Cachao, Kacho, Kecho, or Backhink, city, and
cap. of Tonquin, on Uie W. side of the Songkoi,

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139

about 80 m, from the sea. It is a place of great
commercial resort. Gold, beautiful sillts, and
lackered -ware, are exported in large quantities.
Both the English and Dutch had commercial es-
tabUshments here, which have long since been
withdra-wn. Lon. 105° 15' E. Lat 22° 36' N,
Pop. 40,000.
Cachar, country, Asia, between Bengal and
Ava, bounded N. hy Assam, and S, by Cassay, It
was formerly independent, but since 1775 has beeu
tributary to Birmah,
Cache, t. Arkansaw Territory, on White rivei",
50 m. W, of tile mouth of St, Francis river, it
is an inconsiderable settlement.
Cachimaio, r. Peru, falls into the Pilcomaio,
Cachiinanm, r, Caraccas, runs S, into the Ori
noco, Cachoeira, t, BrazU, 180 ra, S, W, St Francis
co, Cacongo, kingdom, W. Africa, bounded S, by
the Zaire, which separates it frora Congo, and N,
by Loango. Malemba is the principal port.
Cadalen, t France, 19 m, N. N. 'W. Castres.
Cadenet, t France, 31 m. S. E. Avignon.
Cadenso, one of the Laccadive islands.
Cadequia, s-p. Spain, 6 ra. N. E. Roses.
Cadereita, t Mexico, Lon. 99° 22' W. Lat.
20° 24' N.
Coder Idris, mt Wales, in Merionethshire.
Caderousse, t France, 3 m. W. Orange,
Cadiapalam, Point, Hind, 18 m, N. W. Cape
Coraorin, Cadillac, t, France, on the Garonne, 18 m, S,
W, Bourdeaux,
Cadiz, (an, Gadir and Godes) city, Spain, 45
m, N. W. Gibraltar, 60 S, W, SeviUe. It stands
on the island of Leon, at the extremity of a long
tongue of land, projecting in a N, W. dfrection.
The town is surrounded by the sea on three sides,
which, with the narrowness of the land communi
cation, prevents its capture by a military force,
so long as the inhabitants are masters of the sea.
Cadiz is walled, and has trenches and bastions on
the land side. The bay of Cadiz is a vast basin,
inclosed by the mainland on one side, and by the
projecting tongue of land on the other, and is one
of the finest bays in the world. Itis defended by
four forts. It is the grand rendezvous of the Span
ish navy. This city has long been the principal
trading port in the south of Spain ; but its com
merce has fluctuated greatly in consequence of
the wars of the French revolution, and the disor
ders in Spanish America. Salt is mad^ in great
quantities near the city. The pits extend from
the bay of Puntal to Santa Maria, and belong to
government One of the great inconveniences in
Cadiz is the want of good water. Lon, 6° 17' 22"
W. Lat. 36° 32' N. Pop. about 70,000.
Cadis, p-t. and cap. Harrison co. Ohio, 25 m.
W. SteubenviUe, 126 E. Columbus. Pop. in 1815,
600. Cadiz, Straits of, is that part of the Atlantic
which has the coasts of Algarve and Andalusia on
the N, those of Fez and Morocco on the S. and the
straits of Gibraltar on the E.
Cado, r. Arkansaw territory, one of the branch
es of Little Red river.
Cadolsburg, t. Bavaria, 18 ra. N. E. Anspach;-
Cadore, t. Venetian territory, in the district of
Cadorin. It stands near the Piave, and carries
on a' traffic in iron and timber, 15 m. N, Belluno.
Lon, 12° 17' E. Lat, 46° 25' N,

Cadorin II Cadori.no, a district in the Venetian
territory, on the fioiiliei's of Tyrol. Pop 22,000.
Cadours, t. France, 18 in. \V. N, W, Toplouse,
Cadron, or Quadrant, p-t, Arkansaw Territory,
on Cadron Bayou, which empties into the Arkan
saw about 300 m. above the town of Arkansaw.
Here are several establishments for the fur-trade.
Cadsand, isl. in Flanders, formed by the sea,
the Wester Scheldt, and other rivers and canals.
It is preserved frora the encroachments of the sea,
by high dikes constructed at a vast expence.
Cn3j!,t. Hind, in Bejapoor, 15 nu N. E. Anam>'
sagia, Caen, t. France, cap, of Calvados, at the influx
of the Odon, into the Ome, The town was for
merly surrounded by a high wall. It has long been
noted for its university, founded in 1431 by Henry
VI, of England, This university fell into neglect
at the revolution ; but was revived in 1803, with
the title of an'academy. The inh-abitants manu
facture quantities of Unen, serges, lace, stockings
and caps. Caen has always been a favourite re
treat of the English. Pop. 36,000. 62ra.W.byS.
Rouen, and 132 W. by N. of Paris. Lon. 0° 21'
38" W, Lat49° 11'12"N,
Caerleon, t. Eng, in Monmouth, on the Usk, 148
m,W, London, Lon, 3° 21' W. Lat 51° 39' N,
Caermarthen, co, Wales, bounded N, by Cardi
gan, E. by Brecknock, and Glamorgan, S, by
Bristol channel, and W, by Pembroke, It con
tains 926 sq, rafles, or 690,640 acres, 228,000 of
which are in pasturage, 114,000 in tillage, and
the reraainder unfit for cultivation. Pop, 77,217.
Families 16,083, of which number 9,878 are occu
pied in agriculture, and 5,266 iu trade and manu
factures, Caermarthen, tS, Wales, cap, of Caermarthen
CO. on the Towy, 10 ra, from its mouth. Vessels
of 300 tons can come up to the quay. The chief
manufactures are tin plate and iron. Pop, 7,276.
45 m. W, Brecon, Lon. 4° 22' W. Lat 52°
14' N.
Caernarvon, co. N. Wales, bounded N. by the
sea, E. by Denbighshire, S. by Merioneth and the
sea, W. by the Irish sea and the strait of Menai.
It contains 775 square miles. Pop. 49,336. Fami
lies 10,187, of which 6,677 were engaged in agri
culture, and 2,667 in trade and manufactures.
Caernarvon, t. N. Wales, cap. of Caernarvon
CO.' is ou the shore of the strait of Menai. Con
siderable trade is carried on with London, Bris
tol, Liverpool, and Ireland. Copper ore and
slates, are exported, as also flannel and stockings.
9 ra. S< S. W. Bangor. Lon. 4° 30' W. Lat 53'=
6' N. '
Caernarvon, or Earl, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. 52
m. fr. Harrisburg. Pop. 1,084.
Caerphilly, t. Wales, iu Glamorgan, 30 m. S.
W. Monmouth.
Caerwent, v. Eng, in Monmouth, 17 m. N, W.,
Bristol, Caerwys, t. Wales, 5 m, W. Flint
CtEsarea, city, Palestine, formerly of great ce--
lebrity, but now in ruins. It stands on the sea
coast, 36 m. fr. Acre, 62 fr. Jerusalem.
Coesarea Philippi. See Dan.
Catsarea river. See Cohanzie creek.
Caisar's creek, t. Green co. Ohio. Pop. 649.
Caffa, or Kaffa, t Eu. Russia, in the Crimea.
Its harbor is capacious, but shallow. It was de
clared, in 1798, a free port for 30 years, and is now
the principal commercial town in the peninsula.

140

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C A I

Its trade consists principally in stuffs of Turkish
manufacture, and in wine, rice, and coffee. The
strait of Caffa, otherwise called the Cimmerian
Bosphorus, or the strait of Jenicale, is a narrow
channel that joins the sea of Asoph to the Black
sea. Lon. 35° 12' 45" E. Lat 45° 6' 30" N.
Caffraria. See Kaffraria.
. Ceffre Toura, v, on the E, branch of the Nile,
7 m. S,W, Damietta,
Cafiristan, or Kettore, country of Asia, between
35° and 37° N, lat, and 69° and 73° E, lon. bound
ed N. by Badakhshan, W. by Bulkh, S, by Af
ghanistan, and E, by Little Thibet j[t is com
posed of snowy mountains, deep pine forests, and
smaU, but fertile valUes.
Cagayan Sooko, isl, in the Eastern seas. Lon,
118° 36' E, Lat7°N,
Cagli, t in the States of the Church, 20 m, S,
Urbino. Caglid, Cape. See Matapan Cape.
Cagliari, cap. of Sardinia, in the gulf of Cag
liari. It is the residence of the viceroy of Sar
dinia, and the seat of a royal audience, a chan
cery, an intendant, an archbishop, and an uni
versity. The harbor is spacious and secure. The
inhabitants carry on a considerable traffic in salt,
oil, anil wine. Loh. 9° 6' 45" E. Lat. 39° 13'
9"N. Cagnano, t Corsica, 14 m. N. Bastia.
Cagnano, t. Lombardy, 15 m, S, S. W, Brescia,
Cagnes, t, France, in Var, 6 m, W, Nice.
Caguan, t. New Grenada, on the Magdalena,
105 m. S. Santa Fe de Bogota. Lat, 2° 40' N,
Cagurria, t. Spain, in Navarre, 18 m, N, W.
Calahorra. Cahabon, t. Mexico, 25 m, W. Vera Paz.
Cahawba, Kahawba, or Cabo, r. Alabama, after
a southerly course, joins the Alabama, 160 m. be
low its forks, the Coosa and TaUapoosa ; and 210
above its junction with the Tombigbee.
Cahawba, co, in the cenfre of Alabama, on tiie
W, side of Coosa river, and intersected by the
Cahawba, Cahawba, t and cap, Dallas co. Alabama, and
seat of government of the State, at the junction
of Cahawba river with the Alabama, 77 m, N. E.
St Stephens. It was laid out in 1818.
Cahavba falls, p-v. Louisiana, 210 ra. fr. New
Orleans. Cahete, t Brazil, in Minas Geraes, 36 ra, N, N,
W. ViUa Rica,
Cahnawaga, v, in Johnstown, N, Y. 39 m. W.
Albany, ^
Cahokia, r. lUinois, runs into the Mississippi, '5
m. below St. Louis.
Cahokia, p-t and cap. St. Clair co. Illinois, on
the Mississippi, 5 m. below St, Louis, 52 N, W.
Kaskaskias, Pop, 711.
Cahoos falls, in Mohawk river, 3 m. above its
mouth, "irhe river here is about 1000 feet Wide ;
the rock, over which it pours, extends across the
river in a direct line from S, W, to N. E. and is
70 feet high. From the bridge J of a raile below,
i^he falls are in full view,
Cahors, t. France, cap, of the dep. of the Lot,
on the Lot. In the adjoining country is raised the
famous red wine, which is exported by Bour
deaux to England and HoUand, 63 m, N. Tou
louse, 100 E, Bourdeaux. Lon. 1° 27' 17" E, Lat,
44° 25' 59" N. Pop. 10,136,
Caiame, r. Peru, enters the Amazons fr. the S,
Cajana, t. Russia, in Finland, on lake Ulea,
Lat 64° 14' N.

Cajare, t France, 16 m. E, Cahors,
Cajasso, or Gajasso, t. Naples, 26 m, N, E. Nst-
pies. Caibar. See Khaibar.
Caieos, cluster of islands between St Domingo
and the Bahamas. The largest called the Grand
Caico, is due north from St. Domingo. Lat.
21° N.
Caifa, or Haifa, s-p. Palestine, 13 ra, S. W.
Acre. Lon. 35° 10' E. Lat 32° 44' N.
, Cai-fong, or Kai-fong, city, China, cap. of the
province of Honan, 2 leagues from the Hoang-ho,
or YeUow river, 315 ra. S. W. Pekin. Lon. 114°
28' E. Lat 34° 53' N.
Cai-kiem, t. China, 46 ra. N. W. Tchao-king.
Cailack, Point, cape. Scotland, ou the N. W.
Coast of the county of Ross, 7 m. E. UdrigU
Head. Caillere, La, t. France, in Vendee, 13 m. N. E."
Lucon. Cailloma, t. Pern, near some rich silver mines,
46 m. N. N. E, Arequipa, 140 S. Cuzco.
Cailly, t. France, 10 m. N. N. E. Rouen.
Caimans, or Caymans,3 small islands, 55 leagues
N. N. W. Jamaica. Great Cayman lies in loa.
81°33'W. lat 19° 15'N.
Caimites, 3 islands near the W. coast of His
paniola. Ca-Ira, p-v. Cumberland co. Va.
Caimey Hill, v. Scotland, in Fifeshfre.
Cairngorm, mountain, Scotiand, between the
counties of Banff and Inverness ; celebrated for
the crystals found on it, caUed cairngorms. 30 m.
E, Fort Augustus.
Cairo, or Kahirah, the metropolis of Egypt, and
the centre of its commerce, stands near the east
bank of the NUe, with which it is connected by a
canal. Lon. 31° 19' 43" E. Lat 30° 2' N. The
streets are winding and narrow, and are not pav
ed. Contrary to the general custom of the east,
the houses have two or three stories, over which
is a terrace of stone or tiles. They have the air
of prisons ; for they have no Ught from the sfreet,
as it is extremely dangerous to have many win
dows in such a country. The edifices in which
architectural ornament have been chiefly bestow
ed, are-the mosques, and the tombs of the Mame
lukes. The casUe of Cafro is built on a hill to the south
of the city ; but this hiU being commanded by one
adjoining, is of no value as a fortification. From
the top of it, however, there is a most delightful
prospect of Cairo, the Pyramids, and all the sur
rounding country. The well in the castie, com
monly called Joseph's Well, is about270 feet deep
in the solid rock ; and there is a passage down by
steps carried round the well.
The commerce of Cairo is very extensive.
Through it the various productions of Asia and
the East Indies, and partiy also Uiose 6f Europe,
are transmitted into the vast regions of interior
Africa, The communication with the interior of
Africa is chiefly raaintained by three caravans,
which go to Sennaar, to Darfur, and to Mourzouk.
The returns are made in gold, ivory, senna, gums,
hides, and above all in slaves. Specimens of al
most all Uie native tribes of the continent, are to
be seen in the slave market of Cairo. The trade
with Europe is carried on whoUy by the channel
of Alexandria. The population ia variously esti
mated from 250,000 to 700,000.
Cairo, Old, city, Egypt, caUed anciently Fostat, ¦
on the Nite, about two miles S. of New or Great

CAL
Cairo. |t is in a great measure inhabited by Copts,
and is the residence of the patriarch of the Coptic
church. Cairo, t Piedmont, in the duchy of Montfcrrat,
on the Bormida, 18 m, S. Acqui. Pop. 4,000.
Cairo, formerly Can/on, p-t Greene co. N. Y.
10 m. N. W. CatskiU. Pop. 2,055.
Cairo, t, Alexander, CO. Illinois, at the junction
of the Ohio -with the Missisippi, 80 m. S, Kaskas
kias. Cairo, or Craigfort, p-t. Sumner co. Ten. on
Cumberland river, 30 m. above NashviUe.
Cairoan. See Kairwan.
Cairun. See Caroon.
Caiston, t Eng. 17 ra. N. N. E. Lincoln,
Caithness, county in the N. of Scotlaud, boun
ded N. by Pentland frith, E. by Murray frith and
the German ocean ; S, and W. by the oounty of
Suthferland. It contains 618 square miles. Pop,
23,419, FaraiUes 4,714, of which nuraber 3,270
were engaged in agriculture, 838 in raanufactures
and trade.
Caithness, Ord of, cape, on the E, coast of Scot
land, Lon, 3° 13' W, Lat 58° 12' N.
Cajeli, district of Macas^r, in Celebes.
Cajeli, or Boure, t cap. of the island of Bouro,
in a bay, on the N. E. coast Lon. 127° 30' E.
Lat 3° 22' S.
Calaat el Acaba. See Accaba.
Calaat Erroan, fort, Syria, 50 ra, N, Aleppo,
Calaat el Moilah, fort, Arabia Petraea, on the
Red Sea, Lat 28° Iff N,
Calabar, Old, territory, W, Africa, on Calabar
river. Its principal place, Duke Town, is in about
8°E, lon,S°4ffN,lat -
Calabar, New, river and town, about 80 ra. W,
Old Calabar.
Calaboso, t Venezuela, 166 m. S, Caraccas.
Lat. 8° 34' N, Pop, 4,800,
Calabria, a province in the kingdom of Naples,
separated frora Sicfly by the strait of Messina, and
bounded N, E, by the gulf of Taranto, E. S. and
W- by the Mediterranean. A branch of the Ap
penines crosses the province, dividing it into Cala
bria Citra, on the N. and Calabria Ultra, on the
S. Both divisions are extremely fertile, and pro
duce great quantities of fruit, oil, -wine, grain,
rice, hemp, cotton, flax, wood, saffron, and manna.
Pop, about 750,000, of which number, Calabria
Citra contains 345,000, aad Calabria^ Ultra
405,000. Calabrito, t. Naples, in the principato Citra, 8
m, E. -N, E, Acerno.
Calacad, t. Hind. 13 m, S. S, W, TinneveUy,
Calaceri,t. Hind, 45 m, N, Travancore,
Calaginehra, isl. near Sardinia, Lon, 9° 57' E.
Lat. 40° 26' N.
Calahorra, t. Spain, in Old Castile, near the
Ebro, 62 m. N. W. Saragossa. Lon. 2° 6' W, Lat
42° 16' N.
Calais, s-p, France, in Paa-de-Calais, opposite
Dover. It is surrounded with a moat and wall,
and defended by a very large citadel. It has an
easy communication by raeans of canals with St.
Omer, Gravelines, Andres, Bourbourg, and Dun-
kfrk. The harbor is not large, and is too much
obstructed with sand to admit large vessels, or
even common merchautraen, except at high wa
ter. The inhabitants derive their principal sup
port from the intercdurse with England. 20 ra.
N. E. Boulogne, 26 S. W. Dunkirk. Lat. 50° 57'
N. ¦
Calais, ft. Washington so. JJaine, on Passama-

C A L

141

quoddy river, 36 m, N, E, Machias, Pop, 372,
Calais, p-t Washington co, Vt, 9 m, N, E, Mont
peUer. Pop. 841,
Calamat, t, Persia, on the coast of Mekrati,
Lon, 63° 4' E.
Calamata, (the ancient Theramene) t. Turkey,
in the Morea, ou the river Spinazza, Lon, 22° E.
Lat 73° 10' N,
Calamianes, a group of islands in the eastern
seas. Lon, 120° 20' E, Lat 12° N,
Calamon, anciently Calamos, t. on the coast of
Syria, 10 ra, S. TripoU,
Calanee, t. Ceylon, 6 m, N, E, Colorabo, \
CalanOre, district Hind, iu Lahore, between 31°
and 32° N. lat Catanore, the capital, is 70 m, E.
Lahore, Lon, 75° E, Lat, 31° 51' N,
Calascibetta, t, Sicily, 10 ra, W, Catania,
Calastn, t. Hind, 65 ra. N, W, Madras.
Calatagirone, t Sicily, 30 ra. S, W, Catania, 37
N, W. Syracuse. Pop, 15,000,
Calatayud, t. Spain, in Arragon, ou the Xalon,
37 m, S. "W. Saragossa, Lon, 1° 33' W. Lat 41°
28' N,
Calatrava, t. Spain, in New CastUe, on the Gua
diana, 12 m, N, E. Ciudad Real,
Calaur Islands, in the Eastern seas, Lon, 121°
E, Lat 6° 50' S,
Calayan, the most northerly of the Babuyanea
islands, Lon, 121° 30' E, Lat, 19° 28' N.
Calbe, t. Prassia, 20 m. S, Magdeburg,
Calbe, t. Prussia, 36 m, W. S, W. Brandenburg,
Calberga,t. Hind. Lon. 77° 8' E,Lat, 17° 17'N.
Calbuco; t Island of Chiloe, in Chili,
Calcar, t Prussian states, in the grand duchy of
the Lower Rhine, 6 ra, S. E, Cleves.
Calcasiu, r. Louisiana, erapties into the gulf of
Mexico, E. of the Sabine, Before entering the
gulf it spreads out into a broad lake, and then con
tracts again into a narrow river.
Calcaylares, or Calca aud Lares, province of
Peru, bounded S, by Quispicanchi, E, by Paucar-
tarabo, S. W, by Cuzco, "W. by Abancay, N, and
N. E. by the Andes, Pop, 10,000, It is watered
by the Vilcomayo.
Cakhaguay, province, ChiU, between the riv
ers Cachapool and Teno, and between the Andes
and the sea, St, Fernando is the capital,
Calcinato, t. Lombardy, On Uie Chiese, 10 m,E.
Brescia. Calcio, t. Lombardy, on the Oglio, 15 m, W,
Brescia. Calcutta, city, Bengal, and capital of all the
British possessions in Hindostan, stands on the E,
bank of Bhagirutti or Hoogly river, about 100
miles from*the sea. Opposite to the towu there is
good anchorage for ships of 500 tons burden, but
larger vessels are obUged to stop at Diamond har
bor, about 50 miles down the river. Fort Wil
Uam stands on the side of the Gfiuges, and com
mands the river. It is so extensive as to requfre,
in case of a siege, a garrison of 10,000 or 15,000
men. Calcutta is inhabited by raerchants of all coun
tries of the world, and 500,000 natives. "JThe
houses belonging to the English, arc weU built of
brick, and many of them more resemble the pala
ces of raonarchs, than the houses of raerchants.
The habitations of the natives are in general of
one story, and built of earth. This city is the
grand eraporium of the east. Its commerce is
very extensive in sugar, salt, opium, silks, mus
lins, calicoes, &c. ; the value of which is nearly
10 millions_per annum.

142

CAL

It is the seat of the metropoUtan, who, under
the titie of bishop of Calcutta, has the superin
tendance of all the ecclesiastical affairs of India,
An institution called the Asiatic Society, was es
tablished here by Sir WilUam Jones, and a college
founded at Fort WiUiam by the marquis Welles-
ley, in which are professors of English, Mahome
tan, and Hindoo laws, history, geography, natural
history, &c. In 1816 a college was established
by the Hindoos for the instruction of their sons in
the EngUsh and Indian languages, and in the lite
rature and. science of Europe and Asia, This
institution was projected, and is superintended
and supported by the Hindoos themselves. More
recentiy stiU, a Mission college has been estab
lished under the direction of the bishop of Cal
cutta, which has been generously endowed with
16,000/, by three reUgious charitable societies in
Great Britain, One principal object of the mis
sion college is to prepare the natives, and others,
to become preachers, catechists, and schoolmas
ters. The Baptists and several other denomina
tions have missionaries in this city. The envi
rons of Calcutta are occupied by gardens and
country houses, many of which are pleasantiy
situated. In 1802, the population, within a cir
cuit of 20 miles, was estimated at 2,225,000. Lon.
88° 28' E. Lat 22° 34' N,
Caldas, t Portugal, 10 m, E, Peniche.
Ccddas de Gerez, v. Portugal, 3 m, fr. Monta-
legre. Caldas de Monbuy, t. Spain, in Catalonia, cele
brated for its hot mineral waters. 15 m, N. Bar
celona. Caldecot, v. Eng, in Monmouthshire.
Calder, r. Eng. runs into the Aire.
Calder, v. Scotland, 4 m, S. Nairn.
Calder, Mid, v. Scotland, 12 ra. W. Edinburgh.
Caldera, s-p. Chili, 10 m. N. Copiapo.
CalderoUi, t. States of the Church, 20 m, W.
Ferrao. Calderone, or Giadurognissa, 3 small islands in
the Mediterranean, about 16 m. S. Candia.
Caldiero,y. Italy, 9 m. S. E. Verona.
Caldwell, p-t and cap. Warren co. N. Y. on
lake George, 62 m. N.Albany. Pop. 560. The
old Fort George is in this township.
Caldwell, t. Essex co. N. J. adjoining Newark
on tiie N.W. Pop. 2,235.
Caldwell' s-bridge, p-v, Franklin co. Ten.
Caledon, a missionary station of the London So-
cietyj in the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, 160
m. E. Cape-town.
Caledon Bay, New Holland. Lon, 136° 36' E.
Lat 12° 47' S.
Caledonia, port, on the isthmus of Darien. Lon.
77°36'W. Lat 8° 30' N.
Caledonia, New, isl. S. Pacific pecan, 240 miles
long. The inhabitants are cannibals. Lon. 163°
37' to 167° 14' E. Lat. 19° 37' to 22° 30' S.
Caledonia, co. Vt. bounded N. by Essex co. E.
by Connecticut river, S. by Orange co. W. by
"Washington and Orleans counties. Chief towns,
Danville and Peacham. Pop. 18,730. It is wa
tered by the Pasumpsic, Onion, and Lamoil riv
ers. Caledonia, p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. on Genesee
river, 31 ra. W. Canandaigua, 17 N, £-, Batavia,
chiefly settled by eraigrants from Scotland. Pop.
2,355, The Big Spnwgs here, are a curiosity. They
discharge water enough, at all seasons, to supply
numerous miUs. In tiiis town, gypsum is abun-

CAL
dant. There is here a large mound called Bom
Hill, principally composed of human bones.
Caledonia, v. Washington co. Missouri.
Cakmicks, Big and Little, 2 small rivers, which
empty intolake Michigan, at its southern bend.
Calenberg, a principaUty in the southern part
of the kingdom of Hanover. 'Hanover and Ha-
meln are the chief towns. Pop. 141,500.
Calepio, t Lombardy, 12 m. E. Bergamo.
Calf-pasture, or North river, Va. runs into
James river, at its passage throngh the Blue ridge*
It is one third as large as the main stream.
Calhuco, t. on the coast of Chili. Lat 42° 40' S.
CaU, or Santiago de CaU, city, of Quito, on the
Cauca, 87 m. fr. Popayan, 74 fr. the port of
Buenaventura, Lon. 76° 23' W. Lat 3° 24' S.
Ca/«m, t. Hind. 32 m, N. E. Bombay.
Calico, r. Turkey, runs into the gulf of Salo
niki. Calicoole, t Hind. 20 m. N. W. Ganjam,
Calicoulan, t on the coast of Malabar. Lat 9°
12'N. Calicut, district, Hind, on the Malabar coast It
was ceded to Great Britain in 1792. Cahcut,
the capital, is 95 m. S/ W. Seringapatam. Lon.
75° SO' E. Lat 11° 15'N.
California, Old, a province of Mexico, or New
Spain. It is a peninsula, extending from the bay
of AU-Saints, in lat 32° to cape St Lucas, iu lat
22° 48' N. and bounded N. by New CaUfornia, E,
by the gulf of California, and W. by the Pacific.
A ridge of mountains runs through the cenfre of
the peninsula. The soil is generaUy barren. ITie
Jesuits made the first establishments here in 1742.
Since their expulsion, the Dominican monks of the
city of Mexico have had charge of the missions.
The couutry contains 55,0(K) square miles, but in
1 803 only 9,000 inhabitants. Tho population has
much diminished within the last 40 years, owing
to the ravages of the sraall-pox.
CaUfornia, New, a province of Mexico, or New
Spain, which, extends from the isthmus of Old
California, or the bay of Todos Santos, to Cape
Mendocino, in N. lat 40° 19'. It is a narrow
tract of country, 600 miles long, and contains
16,000 square miles. The soil is as weU watered
and fertile, as that of Old CaUfornia is arid and
stony. The climate is more mild than in the
same latitude ou the eastern ooast. Gfood wine
is now made in most of the viUages established by
the Spaniards along the coast, S. and N. of Mon
terey, to beyond 37° N. lat The European olive
is also successfuUy cultivated in several of the
settiements. The country abounds in fish and
game of every description : hares, rabbits, and
stags, are very common ; seals and otters are also
found in prodigious numbers. There are 18 miS'
sionary settiements, formed by the Spaniards on
the coast, which, within a few years, have made
great progress in population. Including the In
dians who were settied, and had begun to culti
vate the fields, tho population in 1790, was 7,748,
and in 1802, 15,662, of whom 1,300 were whites,
mestizoes, and mulattoes.
Calignana, t Istria, 37 m. S. Trieste.
Cedimeiie, isl. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon.
26° 44' E. Lat. 37° 2' N.
Calinacron, cape, iu the Black sea, 20 m. E.
Constantinople. Calingapatam, t. Hind, on the sea coast, 12 m-
E. N. E. Cicacole, 70 N, E. Seringapatam. Lon.
84° 15'E. Lat 18° 25' N.

CAL
Calipari, r. Naples, runs into the gulf of Squil-
lace, Lon. 16° 60' E. Lat 38° 32' N.
Caliparvm, t. Hind, in Coimbetore, 32 m, W.
Damicotta. Calitoor, fort, Ceylon, 28 m, S. Colombo.
Calitri, t Naples, in principato Ultra, 33 m. E.
S. E. Benevento.
Calix, t. Sweden, in W. Bothnia, 22 m. W,
Tornea. Calix, r. Sweden, runs into the gulf of Both
nia, 20 m. W, Tornea,
CaUx, Ofver, t, Sweden, in W, Bothnia, 50 m,
N, W, Tornea.
Calla-calla, r. ChiU, enters the Valdivia near
the city of that name,
Callabdsh Bay, on the S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 77° 25' E. Lat 17° 53' N.
Callac, t France, 15 m. S. W. Guingamp.
CaUacand, t Hind. 42 m. N. by E. Cape Co
morin. CaUacoil, t. Hind, 60 m. S, Tanjore,
CaUaghan's, p-vr Bath co, Va.
CaUah. See Gellah.
Callah, el, t. Algiers, It contains an extensive
manufactory of carpets and burnooses, 40 m, E,
Oran, CaUan, t Ireland, in Kilkenny, on the King's
river. Callander, v. Scotiand, in Perthshire, on the
TeUi, 51 m. W. Edinburgh.
Calland's store, p-v. Pittsylvania co. Pa,
Gallant's Oog, v. HoUand on the sea coast.
Ca//ao,,s-p, Peru, It is the port of Lima, from
which city i'^is 2 leagues distant, au.d it carries on
a .great comraerce with the other provinces of
Soufh Araerica, and -with Europe. Numerous
batteries command the port and road, which is
the most commodious and safe on the whole coast
of the Pacific ocean. Two islands, and the penin
sula which nearly reaches them, defend vessels
from the south -wind ; towards the west and north
it is open, but the -winds never blow with violence
fr(nn these quarters. The sea is always tranquil,
and there is anchorage every where in deep wa
ter. The houses are generally built of slight raa
terials, stone houses being apt to suffer from
earthquakes, which are frequent here. The most
remarkable of these happened in 1746, when
three-fourths of Lima was laid in ruins, and Cal-
feo entirely deniolished. Lon, 77° 4' W. Lat, 12°
2'S, Callao, or Can^ello, isl, 8 m, frora the coast of
Cochin-China, Lon, 108° 30' E, Lat, 16° 65' N.
CaUas, t France, 5 m, N, E, Draguignam,
Calk la, fort, on the coast of Algiers, formerly
the principal factory of the French African com
pany, 75 m, W, Tunis, '
CaUenberg, v. Saxony, 48 ra, W, S, W, Dres
den, Callian, t France, 56 m, N, E, Toulouse,
Callian. See Gallian.
Callianee, t Hind, 65 ra, W, Boeder, Lon, 77°
33' E, Lat 17° 22' N,
CaUiano, v, Tyrol, near the Adige, 6 m, from
Trent Callianpour, t Hind, on the sea coast, 36 m, N,
by W, Mangalore, Lat 13° 18' N.
Calliaqua, t and harbour at the S, W, end of
St, Vincent,
Calligong, district of Bengal, between 24° and
25° N, lat and 88° and 89° E, lon. Its chief town
is Doolabary, CaiUnger, district of AUahabad, iu Hind, be-

GAL

143

tween 24° and 26° N. lat bounded N. by the riv
er Jumna, aud W. by Chatterpore. In 1803, it
'was ceded by the Mahrattas to the British. Cal-
linger, the capital is a strong and very celebrated
fort Lon. 80° 22' E. Lat. 24° 58' N.
Callingtoni, t. Eng, in Cornwall, 10 m. Si
Launceston, Calliondrog, fort, Hind, 44 m, S, by E, Bellary
Lat 14° 30r N,
Calmxtc. See Kalmuc.
Colmar, t Sweden, on Kalraar sound, in the Bal-
tic,7 m, from the island of Oland, which lies directly
opposite. On the side next the harbour, it is sur
rounded with double walls and ditclies, and out
side the town, on the Sound, stands the castie of
Calmar, which is deemed one of the strongest pla
ces in Sweden, The harbour is small, but secure.
The coramerce of the town was formerly very con
siderable, but a great part of it has been transfer
red to Stockhohn, Pop, 4,000, 150 m. N, E. Co
penhagen, 190 S. S. W. Stockholm. Lon. 16° 2ff
E. Lat 66° 40' 30" N.
Calmina, large t Dahomy, in Africa. Pop.
15,000. Calne, t Eng. in WUtshire, 19 m. E. Bath. Pop.
3,457. Cabu East, Chester co. Pa. Pop. 974. Cain,
Wes/, adjoining it Pop. 1,003.
Cttlneh, in Sac. Geog. city, probably the same as
Ctesiphofi, on the Tigris, 3 m. from Selucia.
Cakiera, or Calogera, isl. in the Archipelago, IS
m. S. Andros.
I CaloLimno, isl. in the Propontis, anciently call
ed Besbieus, Lon. 28° 31' E. Lat 40° 21'N.
Cakta, city, S. America, in Popayan, on the
Magdalena, near its source.
Caloude, t Hind, in Dowlatabad. Lon. 76° 28'
E.:j:.at 18°42'N.
Calows, district. Hind, about 32° N. lat. boun
ded N, by Kaugrah, E. by Besseer, S, by Nhan,
and W, by the Punjab, Its capital is Bellasporc.
Calpe, t, Spain, on the coast of Valencia, Lat,
38° 37' N,
Calpenteen, fort and large native village, on the
W, coast of Ceyfon, 90 ra, N, Colorabo, 100 S. Jaff
na. It is a station of the Church Missionary So
ciety. Lon, 79° 60' E, Lat 8° 20' N,
Calpy, t Hind, iu Agra, on the Jumna, It is a
place of considerable trade, and the entrepot for
tiie transportation of cotton from the western and
southern provinces into the British territories.
Lon, 79° 48' E, Lat 26° 10' N,
Caltura, v, and fort on the W. coast of Ceylon,
28 m, S, Colombo, The Wesleyan Methodists
have schoels here in which more than 500 chil
dren receive instruction,
Calvados, rocks on the N, coast of Normandy,
Lat, 49° 22' N,
Calvados, a department of France, bounded E.
by Eure, S, by Ome, W. by La Manche, and N. by
the EngUsh channel. Pop. 506,500.
Calver, t. Eng. Derby co. 10 m, from Chester
field. Calverkigh, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. N. E.
Bradford. Calvert, co. Md. on the W. shore of the Chesa-
peake,bounded N. by Aune-Arundell co.S. W.by
St Mary's co. W. by Prince Georg6 co. Pop.
8,005 ; slaves, 3,937. Chief town,Prince Frederick.-
Calvi, fortified t Corsica, 38 m. W. S, W, Bas
tia, Cahi, t, Naples, 7 ra, N, Capua,
Cal'mano, t, Italy, 12 m. S, S. E. Brescia.

144

CAM

Cakisson, t France, in Gard, 9 m. S. W.
Nismes. Calvizzano, large v. near Naples.
Caluma, r. Africa, falls into the Atlantic about
60 m. N. Sierra Leone.
Caluma, r. Quito, enters the Babahayo.
Calumazee, r. Michigan, runs into Lake Michi
gan, N. of Black river.
Calumet, t. Pike co. Missouri.
Calvorde, t Germany, in Brunswick, 21 m. N.
W. Magdeburg.
Caluso, t. Piedmont, 5 ra. N. Chivalso.
Caluto, t. S. America, 70 m, E, S. E, Popayan,
' Calw or Ca/6e, t, Wirtemberg, 16 m. W, S, W,
Stutgard, Lon, 8° 60' E. Lat 48° 47 N,
Calymere, the S, point of the Carnatic, Ion,
79° 55' E, Lat 10° 23' N,
Calzada, t Spain, in Old Castile, 40 m, W, Cal
ahorra, Cam, r, Eng, is formed by the union of the Rhee
and the Granta, near Cambridge, and faUs into
the Ouse among the Fens ,
Cam, V. Eng, Gloucester co, 1 m, N, Dursley,
Cam, r. Eng runs into the Severn, 6 ra, N, N,E.
Berkley. Camana, province, Peru, bordering on the Pa
cific. Caraana, the capital, is on the IMages, about
2 leagues frora the sea ; 70 m. W. Arequipa. Lat.
16° 17' S.
Camaran, isl. in the Red sea, off cape Israol, on
the coast of Arabia. Lat. 15° 6' N.
Camarana, r. Sicily, runs into the sea on the S,
coast Lou. 13° 32' E.
Camarasa,"t. Spain, 8 ra. N. E, Balaguer,
Camarca, t Samos, 5 m. W. N. 'W, Cora,
Camaret, s-p, France, 8 ra, S, Brest.
Camaret, v. France, 4 m. N. E, Orange,
Camargos, t. Brazil, in Minas Geraes, 35 m.
N. E. Villa-Rica.
Cantargue, a cluster of islands, France, in the
Mouth of the Rhone, separated from each other by
canals, Camarines, the most southern province of Lu
con, one of the Philippine islands,
Camarioca, t. Cuba, 16 ra. E. Havannah.
Camaron, Cape, on the coast of Honduras. Lon.
84° 64' W. Lat 15° 30' N.
Camarones, r. W. Africa, Its raouth is in lat.
3° 30' S,
Camarones, r, Patagonia, Its mouth is in lat
44° 46' S,
Cambal, mountainous and fertile district, at the
S. extremity of Abyssinia,
Cambay, t Hind, in Gujerat, at the top of
"the gijlf of Cambay, It was formerly a very
flourishing town, but owing to the dangers of the
navigation of the gulf, the trade has much de
creased, and is chiefly confined now to cotton and
cornelians, which are carried to Bombay, In
1803 it was ceded to the British, Lon. 72° 45' E,
Lat 22° 23' N.
Camberg, t. Germany, in Nassau, 22 m, N,
Mentz, 30 E, Coblentz.
Carnbergam, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 8 m. S,
W, Amednagur,
Camberwell, v. Eng, in Surrey, 24 m. S, Lon
don. Cambo, t, France, in Lower Pyrenees, 8 m, S,
by E, Bayonne,
Cambodia, Camboge, or Camboya, country, Asia,
on the E, shore of the gulf of Siam, bounded N, by
Laos, E. by Cochin China, and Tsiampa, W, by
Siam. and S- by the setv. It is about 400 miles

CAM
long, from N, to S, and 150 broad. It is watered
by a fine river, generally called Cambodia river.
The soUis exceedingly fertUe, producing rice, le
gumes, and fruits, as well as many medicinal
plants. Elephants, lions, and tigers are found
here; and cattle are very plentiful. Silk and
ivory are abundant Though Cambodia contains
valuable commodities, it carries on little traffic
with other nations, and there are few countries
with which Europeans are less acquainted; Lat
9° to 14° N,
Cambodia, city, cap, of the country of Cambo
dia, is situated on Cambodia river, 160 or 170
miles from the sea, Lon. 104° 36' E. Lat, 13° N.
Cambodia, i . Asia, called also Kiou-Long, May-
kanng, Mecon or Micon, and Japanese. It rises
amongthe mountains of Thibet, aud passing the
province of Yun-nan, in China, and the country of
Laos and Cambodia, talk into the Chinese sea by
several mouths. This river is navigable by the
largest vessels, 40 leagues from its mouth.
Cambodia, Cape, the southern extremity of
Cambodia, in the gulf of Siam. Lon. 106° E.
Lat. 10° N.
Cambona, isl. offthe S. coast of Celebes. Lon.
125° 45' E. Lat 5° 22' S.
Camborne, t Eng, in ComwaU, 12 m, S. W.
Truro, Cambray, t. France, in the dep. of the North,
on the Scheld. The citadel is one of the sfrongest
in Europe. The manufactures are a very fine
species of linen, which has received from this
pl'ace the name of cambric ; also thread, soaa and
leather ; 15 m. S. E, Douay, 110 N. N,- E. Paris.
Lon. 3° 13' 47" E. Lat 50° Iff 37" N.
Cambray, or Governeur, p-v. St Lawrence co.
N.Y. Cambria, p-t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Niagara
river. Pop. 1,465. It contains the post villages
of Manchester, Lewiston, and Fort Niagara ; which
see. Cambria, co. Pa. bounded N. by Clearfield co.
E. by Huntingdon and Bedford cos. S. by Somer
set CO. and W. by Westmoreland and Indiana cos.
Pop. 2,117. Chief tEbensburg.
Cambria, t. Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 868,
Cambridge, an inland county of England, bound
ed N, by Lincolnshire, N. W. by Northampton
shire, N. E, by NorfoUf, E. by Suffolk, S. by
Essex and Hertfordshire, S. W. by Bedfordshire,
and W, by Huntingdonsliire. It contains 686 sq.
miles. Pop. in 1810, 100,109. Families 21,022,
of which number 12,831 were engaged in agricul
ture, and 5,303 in trade and manufactures.
Cambridge, t Eng. cap. of Cambridge co. is sit
uated on the Cam, 17 m. S. Ely, and 51 N. Lon
don. Lat 51° 12'N, Pop. 11,108, Itisdirided
into 14 parishes, and has 14 churches, besides 4
meeting-houses for dissenters. Cambridge is
chiefly celebrated for its university, which was
founded sometime previous to 1229. It con
sists of 13 different colleges, 4 halls, the schools,
the public library, and the senate-house. The
schools, which occupy three sides of a small
court, were commenced, on their present site,
in M42, but were not completed tiU 1470, The
public library, is calculated to contain nearly
100,000 volumes. The senate-house, where de
grees are conferred, and other public business
of the university transacted, is a handsome build
ing of Portiand stone. The colleges have been
founded at different periods during the six prece
ding centuries, and a^e very unequfil in extent

C A"M
and decoration, 1, St. Peter's, or Peter House,
was founded in 1284, 2, Clare Hall, in 1326,
3, Pembroke Hall, in 1343, 4, Corpus Christi,
Beniti or Benedict College, in 1356 ; though a
mean edifice, one of its libraries, consisting of Sax
on and old EngUsh manuscripts, is much celebra
ted, 6. Trinity Hall, in 1350. 6. Gonvile and
Caius CoUege, in 1348, 7. King's CoUege, the
chapel of which is said to be the most magnificent
structure of the kind in Europe, was founded by
King Henry VI. in 1441, but not completed before
the reign of Henry VIII, 8. Queen's CoUege, in
1448, 9. Catherine Hall, in 1475. 10, Jesus
CoUege, in 1496. 11, Christ College, in 1606,
12, St John's CoUege, in 1509, 13, Mary Mag
dalen College, in 1542, 14, Trinity College, by
King Henry VIII, in 1640 ; here there is a li
brary which ranks among the first in Great Brit
ain, for its collection of printed books, manu
scripts, Roman antiquities and natural curiosities,
15, Emanuel College, in 1584. 16. Sidney Sus
sex CoUege, in 1693. 17. Downing College was
founded in the year 1807, iu pursuance of the will
of Sir George Dovianing, made 1717, He died in
the year 1747 ; but the fund for endowment of
the college, which now produces about 6000/.
being burdened with survivorships, and subject
to a long Utigation, the erection of the edifice was
postponed, — The university enjoys many privi
leges, and is entitled to send two representatives
to parUament 'The whole number of feUows be
longing to the university, previous to the founda
tion of Downing College, was 406, and of scholars
666, besides 236 inferior officers and servants,
who are maintained on the various endowments.
Cambridge, t Coos co, N. H. ou Lake Umba
gog, 95 m. N. byE. Concord,
Ccanbridge, p-t Franklin Co, Vt on LaraoU riv
er, 21 m, N, E, Burlington. Pop. 990,
Cambridge, p-t Middlesex co. Mass, on Charles
river, 3 ra, W. N, W, Boston, Pop. 2,323. It
contains the colleges, a court-house, county jail.
State arsenal, and 4 houses for pubUo worship, viz.
2 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1
for Baptists. The courts for the county are held
alternately here and at Concord. The court
house and jail are at the S. E. extremity of tho
town, ou Lechmore's point, which approaches
within a mile of Boston, and is connected vrith it
by a bridge over Charles river. There is anoth
er bridge connecting this point with Charlesto-wn.
The viUage of Cambridgeport, which lies west of
Lechmore's point, is connected with Boston by a
bridge, called Wast Boston bridge. In this town
is Harvard CoUege, or the University of Cam
bridge, the oldest and most wealthy Uterary insti
tution in the United States. It was founded in
1638, in less than 20 years after the first settie
ment of New-England. Its officers, in 1819, were
a President, 20 professors, 2 tutors, an instructor
in French and Spanish, 4 proctors, and a regent.
The library is the largest in America, containing
25,000 voluraes. The philosophical and chemical
apparatus are complete. There is a valuable
cabinet of minerals, belonging to the university,
an excellent anatomical museum, and a Botanic
garden, containing 8 acres, and furnished with au
extensive collection of trees, shrubs and plants,
both native and forefgn. The college buildings
consist of the University hall, which is an elegant
stone edifice, containing the chapelj dining halls,
and lecture rooms ; Harvard hall, containing the
libraiy, philosophical apparatus, museum, &c. ;
19

CAM

145

4 spacious brick edifices, containing rooms for
students ; and several other buildings, for the ac
commodation of the president, professors, and stu
dents. An astronomical observatory is about to
be erected on an expensive scale. A Law school,
a Medical school, and Theological seminary, form
part of the University. The whole number of
students, in 1819, was 383, of whom 38 were The
ological students, 62 Medical students, 11 Law
students, and 2'72 undergraduates. The whole
number who were educated here from the estab
lishment of the institution, to th,e year 1818, was
4,442, a greater number than at any other college
in the country.
Cambridge, West, p-t. Middlesex co. Mass. 6 m.
N. Boston, Pop. 971.
Cainbridge, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. 12 m. S.
Salem, 35 N. E. Albany. Pop. 6,730. In 1816,
2 towns. White creek and Jackson, were set ^
frora Cambridge.
Cambridge, p-t. and cap. Dorchester co. Md.
about 14 m.S. Easton. Lat 38° 34' N. It is fine
ly situated on Great Choptank river, which is
here 2 miles -wide. The town is neatiy built,
and the public buildings are, a house of worship
for Methodists, 1 for Episcopalians, a court-house
and jail, and an academy.
Cambridge, p-t. Abbeville district, S. C. 80 m.
N. N. W. Columbia, 50 N. by W. Augusta, 140
N. W. Charleston. It contains 60 or 70 houses, a.
court-house and jaU, and an academy. In May,
1781, this town, then in possession of the British,
was closely besieged by General Greene,
Cambridge, p-t, and cap. Guernsey co, Ohio, on
Will's creek, 25 m, E. Zanesville, 85 fr, Colum
bus. Lat, 40° 4' N, It is a flourishing place, and
contains the county buildings, and about 50 dwel
ling houses,
Cambrilla, t. Spain, 10 m, W, S, W. Tarragona.
Cambrusa, or Porto Venetico, s-p. A. Turkey,
in the gulf of Sataiia, 7 m, N. Cape Chelidoni,
Camburg, t. Saxony, on the Saale, 32 m, S, W.
Leipsic, Cambusnethan, v, Scotland, in Lanark, on the
Clyde, 5 m, fr, Lanark,
, Carnbyna, isl, offthe S. E, extremity of Celebes.
Camdeboo, district of the Cape of Good Hope,
bordering on Kaffraria,
Camden. See Campden.
Camden, t. Kent co.- Upper Canada, on the
Thames. Camden^ p-t, Lincoln co, Maine, on Penobscot-
bay, about 12 ra. E, Thomaston, and 37 E, Wis
casset. Pop. 1,607, It is a smaU growing village,
and carrieion the business of burning lime.
Camden,. v-t. Oneida co, N, Y. 20 ra. N. W,
Rome, Itis settled chiefly by emigrants fropi Con
necticut. Pop. 1,132,
Camden, t. Gloucester co. N. J^ on tbe Dela
ware, opposite Philadelphia,
Camden, p-t, Kent co, Del. about 4 ra, S, Do
ver, Camdm, co. N. E. part of N. C, Pop- 5,347.
Slaves, 1,411, Chieft Jonesboro',
Camden, p-t and cap. Kershaw oo. S. C, on the
E. side of the Wateree, 35 m. N, E. Columbia,
120 N. by W. Charleston, 109 N. E. Augusta, Lat
34° 17' N. Lon, 80° 54' W, It is regularly laid
out, and contains about 200 houses, a court-house
and jail, an academy, 4 reUgious societies, viz, an
Episcopalian, a Presbyterian^ a Baptist and a
Methodist. The river is-navigable for boats of
70 tow, and there is a lively trade with the back

146

t; aM

country. It is memorable for two battles fought
here during the Revolutionary war ; one, the
16th Aug. 1780, between Gen. Gates and Lord
ComwalUs; the other, the 23d April, between
Gen, Greene and Lord Rawdon,
. Camden, co, on the coast of Geo, separated from
Florida, by St Mary's river. Pop,3,941, Slaves,
2,687, Chief towns, Jefferson and'SfMarys,
Camden, Port, inlet, in Prince " Frederick's
sound, Lon, of the entrance, 226° 16' E. Lat, 56°
56' N;
Camelford, t, Eng, in Cornwall, on the Camel,
17 ra, W, Launceston,
Camelon, v, Scotland, in Stirling, 2 m, W, Fal
kirk. "
Camels-rump, mt. one of the highest of the Green
Mountains, 20 ra. E, by S. BurUngton,
Camen, t Prussia, 20 m. S, E. Munster, Lon,
7° 46' E, Lat 51° 55' N,
Camens, v, Silesia, on the Neiss, 5 m, S, of
-Frankenstein, Lon, 16° 41' E. Lat 50° 20' N,
Camerino, t. Italy, in States of the Church, 40
m, S, W, Ancona, 75 N. N. E, Rome, Lon, 13°
24' 18" E. Lat 43° 6' 26' N.
Cameroon, isl, near the S, W, coast of Polawan,
Lon. 117° 24' E, Lat, 7° 57' N,
Camillus, p-t, Onondaga co, N. Y. on Seneca
river and the Erie canal, 10 ra. W, Onondaga.
Pop,. 2,378. Gypsum is abundant here.
Cianin, or Kammin, a small town of the Prus
sian states, in Farther Pomerania,''circle of Flem-
mirig, near the influx of the Oder into the Baltic,
with 1,900 inhabitants. It was once the seat of an
independent bishopric, and the venerable cathedral
is still in existence, as well as the chapter. 24
miles N. of Old Stettin, and 30 N. N. W. of Star-
gard. Lon. 14° 45' E. Lat. 63° 56' N.
Caminha, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Minho,
11 ra. N. N. W. Viana. Lon. 8° 35' W. Lat 41°
46' N.
Camisano, t Venetian territory, 7 m. S. E. Vi
cenza. Camisano, t Italy, in Lorabardy, 6 m. N. N, E.
Creraa. Comma, country of W. Africa, immediately N.
Loango. Cammerolo, r, Naples, runs into the Adriatic.
Lat, 42° 16' N.
Camolin, t Ireland, in Wexford, 10 ra. N. N. E.
Enniscorthy, Camonica, Valk di, valley, Upper Italy, in the
Bresciano, on the OgUo, 45 miles long and 9 wide.
Pop, about 40,000.
Camora, t Portugal, 20 m. N, E. Lisbon.
Camorta, one of the Nicobar islands, Lon. 90°
E. Lat 10° N.
Camarouska, Islands, in the St Lawrence, about
60 m. below the island of Orleans,
Camounga, Cape, on the W, coast of Cyprus.
Jjon. 34° 36' E. Lat, 34° 50' N,
Campagna, t. Naples, 6 m. E, N, E, Salerno,
Campagna di Roma, or Territory of Rome, one
of the States of the Church, bounded N, by II Pat-
Vimonio di St Pietro and Sabina, N, E, and E, by
-the kindom of Naples, and S, and W, by the Tus
can sea. Formerly the richest and raost populous
spot in the world ; it now consists of waste and un
healthy tracts, nearly depopulated. There are
few houses or trees, and littie is to be seen but the
«cattered ruins of temples and tombs. The soil is
generally fertile,
Campagnac, t France, in Aveyron, 25 ro, N.
Milhaud.

CAM.
Campagnam, or l^avuto, r. Naples, ia Calabria
Citra, falls into the gulf of St Eufemia. ,
Campagne, t France, iu Pas de Calais,' 8 m. S.
E. Montreuil sur Mer.
Campaign creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 8 ml
above Oallipolis. ' '
Campan, t France, in Upper Pyrenees, on the
Adour, 24 m, S, Bagneres, Pop, 4,200,
Campbell, co, Va, bounded N, by James river'
and Buckingham co. E. by Charlotte co, S,by Ap
pomatox river, and W, by Bedford co. Pop.
11,001, Slaves, 6,368,
Campbell, co. Ten, Pop, 2,668, Slaves, 103,
Chief town, Jacksonborough,
Campbell, co, N. part of Kfen, ou the Ohio, Pop.
3,473. Slaves, 472. Chief town, Newport
Campbell Point, cape in Cooke's inlet N. IV.
coast of America. Lon. 210° 35' E. Lat 60° 6' N.
CampbeU, Cape, New Zealand. Lon. 183° 4o''
W.Lat41°44'^S. Campbell's fort, in Tennessee, near the conflu
ence of the Holston and Tennessee rivers.
Campbell' s grove, p-v. IredeU co. N. C.
Campbell's mills, p-v, Abbeville district, S, C.
Campbell's station, p-v, Knox co. Ten. ¦
Campbell's ville, p-v. Green co. Ken.
Campbelltown, s-p. Scotland, in Argyle, with an
excellent harbor, 30 m. W. Ayr, 175 W. Edin-
bu^h. Lon. 5° 34' W. Lat 65° 27' N. Pop. 6,000.
Campbelltown, p-v. Steuben co. N. Y.
Campbell town, t Dauphin co. Pa. 13 m. E. Har
risburg. Campbelltown, p-v. Edgefield disfrict S, C,
Campden, or Camden, t, Eng, iu Gloucester
shire, 7 m, fr, Eversham,
Campeachy, t, Mexico, iu Merida, or Yucatan,
on the river St Francis, in the bay of Campeachy.
The port is large, but shallow. It -was formerly a
stated market for logwood, of wliich great quanti
ties grew iu the neighborhood. Lou. 90° 34' W..
Lat. 19° 30' N. Pop. 6,000.
Campen, fortified t. Netherlands, in Overyssel,
on the Yssel, a few miles above its entrance into
the Zuyderzee. Its port is now much choked up
with sand. Pop. 6,200. 45 m. N. E. of Amster
dam, Lon. 5° 48' E. Lat 62° 37' N.
Campion, t Chinese Tartary. Lon. 104° 44'
E, Lat 40° 25' N.
Campione, t S'witzerland, 4 m, S, S, E. Lugano.
Campo, t. on the S. coast of the island of Elba.
Campo Basso, t. Naples, in Sannio, on the bor
ders offthe MoUse.
Campo Dolcino, v. Lombardy, 5 m. N. W. Chia-
venna. Campo Formio, an elegant castie in the Vene
tian territory, nearly 4 m. W. of Udine, in Friuli.
Campo Longo, or .Langenaii, t, Turkey, in 'Wa
lachia, 30 m. N, E. Ribnitz.
Campo Major, t. Italy, 10 m, N, W, Lucca,
Campo Mayor, t, and barrier fortress of Porta-,
gal, in Alentejo, 10 m, N, W, Badajoz, and 100 E.
Lisbon. Lat. 38° 50' N.
Camjjo Morone, t Sardinian States, 8 m. N, N,
W. Genoa,
Compo di S. Pietro, t Venetian territory, 12 m.
N, Padua,
Campoli, t Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 3 m, N, of
Terarao, Lon, 13° 46'E, Lat, 42° 40' N.
Campredon, fortified t, Spain, in Catalonia, 6n
the Ter, 20 m, S, E, Puycerda, 27 N, -N, W.
Gerona, Lon, 2° 13' E, Lat 42° 23' N,
Campsie, v. Scotiand, in Stirling, 7 m, fr. Dun-
barton, Pop, 3,618,

CAN
Campion, t, Grafton co, N, H, 40 m. N, Gon-
U)rd, Pop. 873. '
Campoilk, p-v. Spartajiburg district, S, C.
Camroop, formerly an independent kingdom, ly-
, ing N. E. of Beng^, on both banks of the Brahma
pootra river. It is now included partly in Ben
gal, and partiy in Assam.
Camtoos River, r. South Africa, in the Eastern
part of the Cape Colony.
Camuda, s-p. Pegue. Lat. 16° N. Lon. 97° 40' E.
Oamul, t. Tartary, in Tangut, Lon. 97° 54' E,
Lat 37° 16' N.
Cana. See Canna.
Cana, in Sac, G eog, the name of two cities of
GaUlee in Palestine, Cana the Greater, and Ca-
na the Lesser, or Cana of Galilee, The latter is
frequenUy mentioned in the sacred writings. It
was N. W. of the sea of GaUlee.
Cona, V. Syria, with about 500 families, 7 m.
W.N,W, Tabaria.
Canaan, land of, in Sac' Geog, so named from
Canaan, the son of Ham, Ues iu the W. part of
Asia, and extends from about 31° to 33° 20' N, lat
and from 34° 50' to 37° 15' E, lon. hounded N, by
Cade-Syria, or the Mountains of Libstous and An-
ti-Libanus ; W, by the Mediterranean, E, by Ara-
bia-Deserta, S. and S, W, by Ardj&Petrsea and
Egypt Its extent was about 200miles from N,
to S, that is, from Dan to Beer-Sheba, and about
100 miles in breadth.
Canaan, p-t Somerset co. Maine, on the E.
side of Kennebec river, opposite Bloomfield, 10
m. E. Norridgewock, 15 above 'Water ville, 36
above HalloweU, Pop^ 1,275, It has some valu
able mills,
Canaan, p-t Grafton co, N, H, 12 m, E, Dart
mouth coUege, Pop, 1,094.
Canaan, p-t Essex co. Vt on Connecticut riv
er, 69 m. N. E. MontpeUer. Pop. 232.
:iCanaari,, p-t, Litchfield co. Ct on the E. side of
theHousatonic, 16 ra, N. N. W. Litchfield. Pop.
2,203. The falls in tbe river at this place are
about 60 feet nearly perpendicular. The river is
about 75 yards wide. Manufactures, chiefly of
iron, are carri»l on here.
Canaan, p-t, Columbia co, N, Y. 25 m. N, E,
Hudson, Popi 4,941, The village of New Leba
non is in this township,
Canaan, t Wayne co. Pa. Pop." 229.
Cana-camin, a bay on the south coast of Arabia,
-at the mouth ofa river, which, after passing sev
eral towns, falls into the Arabian sea, Lon. 47°
S'E.Lat 13°30'N.
Canabac, one of the largest of the Bissagos isl
ands. Canada, an extensive country in N. Araerica,
formerly caUed the province of Quebec, but since
1791, it has been divided into two provinces, called
Upper and Lower Canada,
Canada, Lower, lies between 45° and 52° N. lat.
and 63° and 8 1° W, lon. It is bounded N. by the
territory of the Hudson's Bay company, or
East Maine ; E. by the gulf ot St Lawrence,
and part of the Labrador coast; S. by New
Brunswick, Maine, New-Hampshire, Vermont,
and New- York; and W. by Upper Canada,
from which it is separated principally by the Ot
tawa river, aud a Une drawn from the head of the
river in Lake Temiscaming, due N. to Hudson's
bay. Itis divided into the districts of Montreal,
Three Rivers, Quebec, and Gaspe, which were
subdivided by a proclamation of the government,
in 1792, into the foUowing 21 coiuitics, namely,

CAN

14T

Bedford, Buckingham, ComwalUs, Devon, Dorr
Chester, Effingham, Gaspe, Hampshire, Hertford,
Huntingdon, Kent, Leinster, Montreal, St, Mau
rice, Northumberland, Orleans, Quebec, Riche.-
lieu, Surrey, Warwick, and York, The minor
divisions are, 1st, The seigniories, or the original
grants of the French government under the feu
dal system, which were again partitioned out into
parishes by the French government, 2d, The
townships orgrants of land made by the EngUsh
government since the year 1796, in free and com
raon soccage, — The cUraate is congenial to health
in an eminent degree. Heat and cold are indeed
felt in their extremes, but they are not oppressive.
The cloudless sky and pure dry air of winter, ,
makes the cold both pleasant and healthy. No
general description will convey an adequate idea
of the soil of Lower Canada, In the part of the
province south of the St Lawrence, a triangular
district, included between the northern bounda
ries of Vermont and New-Hampshire, the St.
Lawrence and the Chaudiere, consists of excellent
land, laid out in townships, and in raany parts
settled and ciiltivated, andjbids fair to become the
most flourishing part of the province ; from the
Chaudiere to the sourcfes of the St. John, the land
is much broken, and of an indifferent quaUty ; from
the sources of the St. John to the gulf of St Law
rence, the country has been but partially explor
ed, buthas every appearance of sterility. On the
north side of the St Lawrence, a ridge of heights
commences at the eastern extremity of the prov
ince, and runs along the margin Of the river, from
64° to 71° W.lon : it then leaves the river, and,
taking a S. W. dfrection, strikes the Ottawa river,
about 38 leagues above its confluence with the St.
Lawrence, enclosing within it and the two rivers,
a beautiful country, well watered and level. On
the N. side of the ridge j'ust described, lies the re
maining part of Lower Canada, which has been
so Uttle explored, Uiat it is only known to be cov
ered with immense forests. , The population of
Lower Canada has rapidly increased within a few
years. In 1759, when it was conquered from the
French, it was estimated at 70,000 ; in 1775, it
had onlyjncreased to 90,000^; but in 1814, a capi
tation shewed no less than 335,000, of whom
275,000 were descendants of the original French
settlers, and the remainder English, Scotch, Irish,
Americans, &c. — The government is administered
by a governor, lieutenant-governor, executive
council, and legislative councU, who are appoint
ed by the king ; and a house of assembly, who are
representatives of the people, — The prevaiUng re
ligion is Rijman CathoUc ; of' this persuasion there
isaBishop'of Quebec, a coadjutor, with the titie
of Bishop of Saide, nine vicars general, and about
200 curates and missionaries, spread over the dif
ferent districts of the province. The revenues of
the Catholic clergy are derived in part from grants
made of land to, tiiera under the ancient regime.
The spiritual concerns of theprotestants are undei;
the guidance ofthe Lord Bishop of Quebec, 9 rec
tors, and a competent number of other clergymen,
who are supported in part by annual stipends
from the government, and the appropriation of
one seventh of all granted lands,
Canada, Upper, is bounded N, by the territory of
the Hudson's bay company ; N. E. and E. by Low
er Canada ; S. E. and S. by the United States ; on
the W, and N, W, no limits have been assigned to
it Itis divided into 8 districts, viz, the Eastern,,
Jobnstov/n, Midland, Newoa<-tle, Homi!, Niagara^

148

CAN

London, and Western, These are again subdivi
ded into 23 counties, and 169 townships. The
tow-nships contain in all 9,694,400 acres, of which
3,000,000 are granted in free and common soccage,
2,769,828 are reserved for the crown and clergy,
and 3,924,572 still remain to be granted. These
townships are laid out along the banks of the St,
Lawrence, Lalce Ontario, Lake Erie and Lake St,
Clair, and extend back for a distance, varying
from 40 to 50 railes. The soil throughout, is scarce
ly excelled by any portion of N. America, In the
rear of the townships are large tracts of land,
stretching far to the north, covered with imraense
forests, and little known except to the Indians ;
but it has been ascertained that there are raany
large tracts of rich soil.t— The cliraate is salubri
ous. The winters are shorter and milder than in
Lower Canada. The spring opens usually from
6 weeks to 2 months earlier than at Quebec. The
population of Upper Canada has increased with
great rapidity. In 1783, it did not exceed 10,000
souls, and in 1814 it was 95,000. It is made up,
principally,oferaigrants from the UnitedStates,and
a few British, Irish, and Scotch. Of Uie 3,000,000
acres granted to settlers, the quantity under tiUage
in 1815, was estimated at 290,000, dispersed over
the different districts. The most populous and
improved part of the colony, is along the banks of
St, Lawrence, and the eastern part of Lake Onta
rio. — The government of Upper Canada is admin
istered by a lieutenant-governor, (who is almost
silways a militaty officer,) a legislative council,
an executive council, and a house of assembly.
The legislative council consists of not less than 7
roei)*bers, of which the chief justice ofthe province
is ptesident, and wherein the Bishop of Quebec
has a seat ; the members are appointed by man
damus from the King, and hold thefr seats, under
certain restrictions, for life. The executive coun
cil is composed of 6 members ; the chief justice is
president, and the bishop of Quebec likewise has
a seat in it. The house of assembly is composed of
25 raembers, who are returned from the 23 coun
ties ; the duration of the assembly is limited to 4
years. The civil and criminal law is administer
ed by a chief justice and 2 puisne judges. There
is a court of, king's bench, common pleas, and a
court of appeal. The expense of the civil list is
defrayed by Great Britain.
For the defence ofthe two Canadas, a regular
military establishment is maintained by the Brit
ish government, which was estimated in 1816, at
from 27,000 to 30,000 men. The river St Law
rence is the only channel, by which the commodi
ties of these two provinces have hitherto found
their way to the ocean. The principal exports
consist of oak and pine timber, deals, masts, and
bowsprits, spars of all denominations, slaves, pot
and pearl ashes, peltry, wheat, flour, biscuit, In
dian corn, pulse, salt provisions, fish, and other
miscellaneous articles, which employ generally
about 160,000 tons of shipping. In return for
these are imported, wines, rum, sugar, molasses,
coffee, tobacco, salt, coals, and manufactured pro
duce from Great Britain. The commerce of Can-
adahas been progressively increasing, since it be
came a British province. In 1769, the annual
value of its exports amounted to 163,105/, and it
employed 70 vessels. In 1797, the fcxports amoun
ted in value to 491,419/, aud the imports to
338,214, In 1808, the exports were 1,156,060/,
arid the imports 610,000/.

CAN
Canada, creek, East, N. Y. runs into the Mo-
hawk from the N. 9 m. below Littie Falls.
Canada creek, West, N. Y. the largest northern
branch of the Mohawk. It rises near the head
waters of Black river, and discharges itself at
the German flats, 6 m. above Littie Falls.
Canada creek, Oneida co, N, Y, the N, branch
of Wood creek, joins the W, branch, 44 m, W,
Rome, Canadaway. See Fredonia.
Canadaway cruk, N, Y. runs N, W, 12 miles,
and falls intolake Erie, about 45 m, S, W. Buffa
loe. Canadian river, Arkansaw Territory, runs N.
E. and joins the Arkansaw, below the mouth of
Nagracka river. It is navigable 100 miles.
Canajaharie, p-t Montgomery co. N. Y. on the
S. side of the Mohawk, 15 ra. S. W. Johnston, 49
W. Albany. Pop. 4,010. Canajoharie, or Bow
man's creek runs into the Mohawk at this place.
Canals. See Middlesex, Erie, Ice.
Canandaigua, p-t Ontario co. N. Y. 16 m. W.
Geneva, 111 W. Utica, 208 W. Albany, 88 E.
Buffaloe. Lat. 42° 48' 41" N. Pop. of the ril-
lage in 1818, 1,788. It has an Episcopal church,
a Congregational, and a Methodist ; a state arse
nal, a court>||lBse and jail, and an academy. It
is situated on ahiU, at a littie distance west ofthe
Lake. The houses are built with uncommon ele
gance, and many of them would be ornaments is
the oldest settiements of the country.
Canandaigua lake, Ontario co. N. Y. 14 miles
long, and about 1 wide. It discharges its waters
through Canandaigua river, 45 miles long, into
Seneca river,
Cananore, s-p. Hind, on the coast of Malabar.
It carries on a trade with other parts of the pe
ninsula, as also with Arabia and Sumatra, 100
m, W. S, W, Seringapatam. Lon. 75° 25' E. Lat
11°61'N. Canara, a province on the W. coast of Hindos
tan, about 180 miles long, bounded N. by the Be-
japore, E. by the Mysore and Balaghaut district,
S. by Malabar, and W. by the sea. The cUmate
of this country is fine. It produces abundance of
rice, which is the staple coramodity, sandal-wood,
sugar-cane, pepper, cocoa-nuts, &c. It -was ce
ded to the British, in 1799. Lat 12° to 15° N.
Canard, Isle au, in the St Lawrence, at the
confluence of the river des Prairies.
Canaries, a group of islands in the AUantic,
near the W. coast of Africa, They are 13 in
number, of which the largest are Teneriffe,
Grand Canary, Fuerteventura, Palma, Ferro,
Gomera, and Lancerota. This group was cele
brated in antiquity, under the appellation of the
Fortunate islands. They Ue between 27° 39' and
29° 26' N, latand between 13° 20' and 18° lO'W,
lon. The aspect of all these islands is elevated
and full of raountains, some of which, particu
larly the Peak of Teneriffe, rank among the lofti
est on the globe. The sides of the mountains
which incline towards the west and north, make a
profuse display of vegetation, and exhibit, rising
above each other, the plants of the torrid, the
temperate, and even Uie frigid zone. The most
verdant and fertile islands are Grand Canary and
Teneriffe ; Lancerota and Fuertaventuraare dry
and sandy.
The present inhabitants of the Canaries are en
tirely European, They are of a roving and en-
terprizing disposition, which impels them to enir-

CAN

CAN

149

grate ; and they have established themselves in
all Uie Spanish settlements in the New World,
from New Mexico to Chili ; and they have even
penefrated to the Philippine and Marian islands
in the East Indies, In all these regions agricul
tural industry is mainly supported by the exer
tions of the Canarians, Humboldt states the
present population of the Canaries to faU short of
160,000. The most valuable production of the
Canaries is wine, of which Teneriffe yields from
20,000 to 24,000 pipes, 8000 or 9000 of which are
exported. They produce wheat suflicient for
their own consumption ; also maize, potatoes, and
French beans. The other chief objects of trade
are brandy, archil, and soda,
Canary, Grand, the largest and most fertile of
Uie group of the canaries. It is about 30 railes
long by 28 broad. The whole island consists in a
manner of one mountain, which rises to a great
height, and the summit of which is covered with
perpetual snow. The lofty central parts of the
island contain copious springs of pure water,
which flow down in rivulets through the valleys,
and preserve alraost uninterrupted verdure and
fertility. There are two, sometimes even three,
harvests in the year, of wheat and maize. The
population is-stated by St Vincent at 41,082 ; by
Humboldt, after Ledru, at 60,000. Pahnas is the
only large city. Lon. 16° 23' to 15° 51' W. Lat
27° 46' to 28° 13' 30" N.
Canaseragtt, p-t Madison co. N. Y.
Canaseraga creek, N. Y. unites with the Chit-
teningo, 4 m.fr. Oneida lake.
Canards, or Duck, river. Up. Canada, falls into
the Detroit, 1 m. below Grand Turkey island.
Canaveges, t. Portugal, on the Douro, 27 ra. E.
Oporto. Canaygong, t. Hind. 25 ra. N-. E. Poonali.
Cancale, s-p. on the N. coast of France, in a
commodious road, 8 m. S. E. St Malo. Lon. 1°
46' W.
Concur, or Ponthiames, s-p. Cambodia. Lon.
104° 5' E. Lat. 10° 5' N.
Canche, r. France, falls into the English chan
nel near Etaples. R is navigable to Montreuil.
Conchy, t. France, in Somme, 5 m, N. ."Vbbe-
ville. Canchy, t. France, in Calvados, 10 m. W, Bay
eux,' Cancon, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 ra,
W,Montflanquin, Candahar. See Kandahar.
Candaloro, isl, A. Turkey, in the gulf of Sata
iia, Lon, 31° E, Lat 37° N.
Cande, t France, in Maine-and-Loir, 10 m, S,
W, Segre,
Candeish, or Khandesh, province. Hind, bound
ed N. by Malwa, E. by Bezar, S. by Aurungabad,
and W, by Guzerat It is in general fertile, but
indifferently cultivated,
Candel, v. Bavaria, 38 m. N, E, Strasburg,
Candelara, i. Naples, falls intothe gulf of Man
fredonia, Candelara Bay, in the gulf of Darien, Lon,
77° 6' W, Lat 8° N,
Candella, isl, off the coast of Livadia, Lon. 21°
E. Lat 30° 59' N.
Candern, t. Baden, 11 m. N. E. Bale, 62 S.
Strasburg. Candes, v. France, 28 m. S, W, Tours.
Candhar, v. Hind, in Coucan, on the Ban-
coote. Catidia, one of the target island) in the Medi

terranean, lies S. of the Grecian archipelago,
and is 180 miles long, and 20 or 30 broad. It is
for the most part covered with raountains, the
most remarkable of which is the lofty Psilorite,
the Ida of the ancients. It has a healthy cUmate,
and in general a fruitful soil ; but the insecurity
of property under the Turks, represses all at
tempts at extensive cultivation. It yields, how
ever, abundance of fruit, oil, wine, raisins, saf
fron, honey, and wax. Pop. estimated at above
280,000, of whom 130,000 are Greeks, and 150,000
Turks. Candia, city, and cap. is on the N. coast of the
island of Canma. It is defended by walls trench
es, and outworks, and contains from 12,0(D0 to
16,000 inhabitants; of this number, from 2000 to
3000 are Greeks. Lon. 25° 4' E, Lat 35° 16' N,
Candia, t. Piedmont, 12 m, W, Vercelli,
Candia, p-t, Rockingham co, N, H. 16 m; S, E,
Concord. Pop, 1,290,
Candidiano, r. Ecclesiastical States, falls into
the gulf of Venice,
Candlemas Shoals, (Baxos de la Candelaria,) in
the Pacific. Lon, 160° 5' E, Lat, 6° 46' S,
Candor, t Tioga co, N. Y, 10 ra, E. Spencer.
Candy, kingdom, in Ceylon. It occupies the
central parts of the island, leaving a narrow ring
around the whole coast. Damps and heavy fogs '
prevail, which are particularly noxious to the
constitution of Europeans, The inhabitants aro
native Cingalese, 'Their religion is the worship
of Boodh. A British army of 3000 men invaded
Candy, and took possession of the capital, in Feb
ruary, 1816;-andin 1816, the kingdom was annex
ed to the British dominions.
Candy, t. Ceylon, cap, of the kingdom of Can
dy, is situated in a plain, amidst mountains cov
ered with wood, near the river MahaviUa-Gonga.,
The houses are in general poor and mean, chiefly
built of mud, and tiiatched with straw and leaves,
103 ra. fr. Colorabo, 142 fr. Trincomalee, Lon,
80° 47' E. Lat, 7° 23' N,
Candy, Cape, on the N. coast of Celebes. Lon.
121° 23' E. Lat 1° 12'N.
Canea, s-p. on the N. coast of Candia. It is
fortifled. The population consists of 4000 Turks,
30(KI Greeks, 150 Jews, and a few Armenian mer
chants. It is the residence of a pacha of two
tails. The principal trade consists in the exporta
tion of olive oil ; also, small quantities of silk,
wax, honev, grain, and wine, 60 m, W, Candia,
Lon. 24° 12' E, Lat, 35° 30', N,
¦ Caneadea, p-t Alleghany co, N, Y, 10 ra, S, W.
AngeUca, 285 W, Albany, Pop, 615,
Cane//i>t, Piedraont, 12 m. S. S. E. Asti.
Canelos, t. Portugal, 5 m. N. N. E, Lamego,
Canem, the raost northerly province of Bornou,
in Africa.
Canes and Canches, province of Peru, bounded
E. by Carabaya, S, E, by Lampa, S, by Cailloma,
and W. by Churabivilca, Tt is 30 leagues long
from N. to S. and 16 broad. Pop, 18,000.
Canesus Lake, in the S, W, part of Ontario co,
N. Y, discharges its waters into Genesee river,
Canet, t. France, 5 m, E. Perpignan,
Canet, t. on the E, coast of Spain, 27 m. N, E.
Barcelona. Lon, 2° 30' E.
Canet, Cape, on the E, coast of Spain, = Lat.
390 38'N.
Canete, province, on the coast of Peru,
Caneto, t, Italy, 28 ra, W. by N, of Mantua,
¦ Canfield, p-t, Trumbull co, Ohio, 14 m, S, War
ren, 30 N. Ste«b?nville. Pop, 494,

150

CAN

Congas de Onis, t Spaing 32 m. E. Oviedo,
, Cangiano, t Naples, in the principato Citra, 27
m, N. Policastro.
Cangosima, t. Japan, in the island of Ximo.
Lon- 132° 15' E. Lat 32° 10' N^
Cangrejos, isl. at the entrance of the Orinoco.
Canje, r. Dutch Guiana, enters the Berbia near
its raouth. It is navigable for schooners 30 miles,
Canina, t, Eu, Turkey, in Albania, 22 m, S,
Valona. Another, 4 m. S. E. Valona.
Canisbay, v. Scotland, 11 ra, W, Wick,
Canischa, t, Hungary, 96 m, S, Vienna,
Canisteo, p-t Steuben co, N, Y, on Canisteo
river, 25 ra, S, W, Bath, Pop, 656,
Camsteo, r. runs into the Tioga, at Painted-
post, It is navigable 40 miles to Arkport,
Canister, Great, Littk, andWest, islands in the
bay of Bengal. Lon, 97° 40' E, Lat 12° 58' N,
Cankinelly, t. Hind, in Mysore, 45 m, E, N. E,
Seringapatara, ,
Cannaughquenesitig, t, Butler co. Pa, Pop,l,284.
Canna, one of the Hebrides, 34 railes long, by
Ii broad, 12 m, W. Skye,
Cannes, place, Naples, near the site of the an
cient Cannes, famous for the defeat of the Ro
mans by Hannibal, in the year B. C, 217. 5 m.
N. E. Canosa, 8 S. W. Barletta.
Cannanore, t. Hind. Malabar coast, a few miles
iS. of TeUicherry.
Cannes, s-p. France, on the Mediterranean.
Bonaparte landed here on Ist March, 1816, on.his
return from Elba. 5 ra. S. W. Antibes. Lon. 7°
1'29"E. Cannington, v. Eng. in Somerset, 3 m, from
Bridgewater, Cannobine, v. Syria, on Mount Lebanon, where
the patris^rch of the Maronites usually resides.
Cannock, t Eng. in Stafford, 6 ra. N. W. Litch
field. Cannonball, r. flows into the Missouri from the
6. 1500 railes above its raouth,
Cannonby, t. Eng, 7 m. N, Workington,
Canrwuche, r, Cieo. rises about 30 miles S, Lou
isville, and joins the Ogechee, about 20 m. above
its mouth,
Cano, country, Africa, tributary to Bornou,
Canoe camp, p-v, Tioga co. Pa,
Canoga creek, N.Y, a tributary of Seneca river,
in Fayette, on which are many mills,
Canonsburg, p-t. Washington co. Pa, 7 m, N, E,
by E, Washington, 18 S, W, Pittsburg, Jefferson
college at this place was established in 1802, It
has a president, 2 professors, a Ubrary of about
1,000 volumes, a philosophical apparatus, and
about 90 students. The course of studies is com
pleted in 3 years. The college edifice is spacious,
and 3 stories high,
Canosa, t Naples, on the Ofanto, 31 m, W,
Bari, Canosa, t, Italy, 8 ra, S, S, W, Reggio,
, Canouge, district, Hind, in Agra, on the W,
side of the Ganges, about 30 mUes long, by 26
broad, Canouge, the capital, is in lon, 79° 62' E,
lat 27° 5'N,
Canoul, t Hind, cap, of a district in Hydera
bad, Lon. 78° 7' E, Lat 15° 50' N,
Canourge, La, t, France, 10 ra, S, W, Marve-
jols, Canquenes, t. Chili, inlat 35° 40' S,
Canso, or Canceau, isl, cape, and small fishing
bank, on the S. E, coast of Nova Scotia. N. lat
45P 20', The Gut of Canso, ia the passage from Uie

CAN
Atlantic into the gulf of St Lawrence, betweeii
Cape Breton island and Nova Scotia,
Canstadl, t. Wirtemberg, 3 ra, N, E, Stutgardt
Canto, province of Peru, bounded N. E, and
E. by Tarma, W, by Chancay, and S, by Huaro-
chiri. Canta, its capital, is in 11° 10' S,
Cantal, a chain of mountains in France, ,the
highest peak in which (called the Pkmb de Cart.
ial) is 59 18 feet above the level of the sea.
Cantal, department of France, is inclosed by
the departments of the Puy de Dome, the Cor
reze, the Lot, the Averyon, the Lozere, and the
Upper Loire. Extent 2,300 square miles. Pop,
262,000. Contalbary, i. Bengal. Lon. 88° 15' E. Lat
26° 35' N.
Cantekux, t France, on the Seine, 3 m. W.
Rouen. Canterbury, city, Eng. iu Kent, in a 'vaUey,on
the Stour. It has a spacious and magnificent ca
thedral. The principal manufactures are silk and
cotton, particularly of what are caUed Canter
bury muslins. It is also much noted for its brawn.
The archbishop of Canterbury is primate of all
England. He takes precedence of the whole
peers of Great Britain, except those of the blood
royal ; and at coronations he puts the crown on
the head of the sovereign. Pop. 10,200. 16 m.
N. W. Dover, 56 S. E. London.
Canterbury, p-t Rockingham co. N, H. on the
Merrimack 8 m, above Concord. Pop. 1,526.
Here is a village of Shakers, containing about 300
souls. Canterbury, p-t. Windham co. Ct on the W.
side of the Quinebaug, 12 N, Norwich, 26 from
New-London, 30 from Providence, Pop. 1,812,
The Western part is called Westminster. The
town contains three houses of pubUc worship, and
an academy, and numerous mills.
Canterbury, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Canterbury, p-t Kent co. Del.
Cantillana, t. and county, Spain, on the Gua
dalquivir, 32 m. N, N, E. SeviUe.
. Canton, city, China, cap. of Quang-tong, on
Pe-king, or Canton river, which is navigable 300
miles farther into the interior. The river is cov
ered by innumerable boats for four or five nules,
containing whole families that have no other res
idence, aud seldom visit the laud. They are ran
ged in parallel rows, with a narrow interval be
tween each line to admit the passage of other ves
sels. Canton is surrounded by waUs about five
miles in circuit, on which cannon are mounted.
The suburbs are very extensive : strangers may
frequent them, but they are not permitted to en
ter the city without the permission of a mandarin.
The streets are long and paved, and for the moat
part, kept exceedingly clean. In general, the
houses are of brick, one story high. The factories
of the different European powers, extend along
the banks of the river. The streets of Canton are
continually crowded by its numerous population.
It is a place of very great trade, and the only port
ofthe whole Chinese dominions which is open to
Europeans. Vast quantities of merchandize are
continually exported and imported by the Chinese
theraselves, in the trafiic witli various eastern na
tions, and a very extensive commercial inter-
coui-se is now carried on by Europeans, especially
the British, The principal exports of the latter
are tea, to the extent of from 25 to 30 millions of
pounds yearly, nankeen, silks, mother of pearl,

CAP

CAP

151

tortoise sheU, tutenague, China-'ware, and many
other articles : while the imports from Great Brit
ain, and her eastern settlements, are woollen
cloths, cotton, opium, betel-nut, furs, and watch
es'. The management of the trade of Canton is
vested in a council called hong, consisting of from
12 to 14 merabers, generaUy raen of great wealtli.
All foreign cargoes pass through their hands, and
they also provide the cargoes to be exported. The
Chinese pretend that it is entirely from favour to
foreigners, that they permit any traffic with their
empfre. Pop. variously estimated from 1 , 500,000
to 2,000,000. Since 1807, the London Society
have had a missionary in Canton, who has been
.employed in translating the Bible into Chinese,
and several editions of the New Testament have
been published and circulated, but the labours of
the missionary are much restricted by govern
ment, Lon, 113° 14' E, Lat 23° 7' N,
Cemton, p-t Norfolk co. Mass, 6 m, S, E, Ded-
ham, 14 S, W, Boston, Pop, 1,363,
Canton, or West Simsbury, p-t. Hartford co. Ct.
15 m, W, N, W. Harti'ord, Pop, 1,374.
Canton, p-t. St. La-wrence co, N, Y, 16 m. S. E.
Ogdensburg, 200 N. W, Albany. Pop, 699
Canton, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 417.
Canton, t Washington co. Pa, Pop, 1,345,
Canton, p-t. and cap. Starke co, Ohio, in thfe
forks of NimishiUen creek, 58 m, N. W. Steuben
viUe, 140 N, Columbus, Pop,iu 1819, 1,360. It
contains a court-house, and jail, 2 houses of pub
lic worship, a printing-oflice, and a bank.
Canton, t. Belmont co, Ohio, on the Ohio, op
posite wheeling,
Contivell's bridge, or Apoquinimink, p-v, New-
castieco, Del,
Cantyre. See Kintyre.
Convey, isl, Eng, in the mouth of the river
Thames, about 5 miles long, and 2 wide, 36 m. E,
London, Cany creek, Alabama, flows into the Tennessee
from the S. about 20 m, belew the Muscle-shoals,
Cany fork, r. Tennessee, runs into the Cum
berland from the S. 50 ra, E, NashriUe,
' 'Canze. See Canje.
Caorle, isl, in the Lagunes of Venice, off Fri
uU, Cap, isl. in the straits of Sunda, Lon, 105° 48'
E, Lat 5° 58' S,.
Cape of Good Hope, cape and settlement near
the S. extremity of Africa, The cape is in lon,
18° 23' E, lat, 34° 29' S, It was formerly caUed,
the Cape of Tempests,— ^The colony of the cape is
bounded W, and S, by the Atlantic and Southern
.oceans ; E, by the Great Fish river, which sepa
rates it from Caffraria ; N, by a vast chain of
mountains, called the Nieuweld and Roggeweld,
which separates it from the Boshuanas and other
independent tribes. It is 500 miles long from E,
to W. and about 200 broad, and contain^ about
120,000 square miles. The grand feature of the
country consists of three ranges of raountains, all
of which run from east to west, parallel with the
southern coast, and then tum north, and run par
allel with the Wertem coast. The country be
tween the lower range and the coast, is fertile,
and well watered ; between the lower and middle
ranges, are barren hills and naked plains, inter
spersed vrith some fertile spots ; between the mid
dle and upper ranges is a dry desert, inhabited by
no human creature. In 1810, the population was
8-1,000, one third of whom were slaves. The free
inhabitants are diridedinte 4 classes, viz. Uie in

habitants ofthe capital, wine growers, corn-farm
ers, and graziers. The wine growers and corn-
farmers live in the neighbourhood of the capital ;
the graziers are in the most distant parts of the
the colony, and are less advanced in civilization
tiian tho other classes. This colony -was originally
planted by the Dutch, but during Uie late Europe
an war, it fell intothe hands ofthe British, to
whom it was permanently confirmed in 1815, at
the congress of Vienna. Its principal importance
in a commercial view, is derived from its conven
ience, as a place of refreshment to vessels, sailing-
between Europe and the East Indies. The value
of British manufactures imported into the colony
in 1809, was 31 1,016 /. The principal exports are
-wine and brandy.
Cape town, the cap, ofthe above colony, is agree
ably situate.d at theJiead of Table bay, about 30
miles N, ofthe Cape of Good Hope, The town is
defended by a castle of considerable strength, but
it is commanded by higher grounds in the vicin
ity. The harbour is safe during 8 months of the
year, but during the remaining four, when the N,
W. winds prevail, ships are obliged to resort to
False Bay on the other side of the cape. The
town is regularly laid out in streets intersecting
each other at rightangles. There are 1,145 hou
ses, inhabited by about 5,600 whites and people of
colour, and 10,000 blacks. The town is well sup
pUed withexcellent water, Lon. 18° 23' E. Lak.
34° 6'N.
CopeUe, V. Netherlands, 6 m, N, Antwerp,
Capelle op den Bosch, v, Netherlands, 6 m, S,
Antwerp. Capelle Marival, t, France, 8 m, N, N, W, Fi-
geac. Cape Breton, isl, in the gulf of St Lawrence,
109 miles long, separated from Nova Scotia by a
narrow strait, called the gut of Canso, The
soil is fertile, and produces timber. Its shores
abound in vast quantities of fish. In 1743, while
this island belonged to the French, no less than
564 ships, and 27,000 seamen, were employed in
the fishery. At present this fishery has very much
declined ; and the principal employment of the
inhabitants is the working ofthe coal mines. Pop,
about 3,000, In respect to government, the island
is attached to Lower Canada,
Cape coast, a British settlement in W, Africa,
on the Gold coast, under the African company,
Lon, 1° 20' W, The Society iu England for prop
agating the Gospel, have a missionary here,
Ca^e Cod, peninsula, on the S. side of Massa
chusetts-bay. Its shape is that of a man's arm
bent in-wttt-ds, both at the wrist and the elbow.
It is about 65 miles long, and from 1 to 20 wide.
Lon. of the cape, 70° 14' W. Lat. 42° 4' N.
It constitutes Barnstable county, which see.
Cope Elizabeth, on the coast of Maine, in lat.
43° 33'N. Ion. 70° 11' W.
Cape Elizabeth, t Cumberland co. Maine, 6 m.
S, W, Portland, Pop, 1,415,
¦ Cape Farewell. See Farewell.
Cape Fear, the S. point of Smith's island in the
mouth of Cape Fear river, N, C, Lat 33° 32' N.
Lon, 78° 25' W,
Cape Fear, or Clarendon river, N. C, Its N, W.
branch ia formed by the union of the Haw aud
Deep rivers, and unites with the N. E, branch a
little above Wilmington. This river affords th^
best navigation of any ofthe rivers inN, Carolina,
There is 18 feet water on the bar, at its mouth.
Large vessels can ascend 21 miles, and vessels

152

CAP

CAR

drawing 10 or 12 feet, 14 miles farther to Wil
mington, and boats io Fayetteville, 90 miles.
The N, E, branch is navigable for boats 70 miles,
Cape-Girardeau, co, Missouri, on the Mississip
pi, bounded N, by St Geneyieve and Washington
cos, W, by the county of St Louis, Jackson is the
seat of justice. The lands on the Mississippi and
the St Francis, are fertile. The Great Swamp
commences 5 m. S, of the town of Cape Girar
deau, and extends 60 miles, being from 3 to 5
broad, to the low-lands of the St Francis,
Cape-Girardeau, p-t Cape-Girardeau co, Mis
souri, on the Mississippi, 93 m, below St Louis, 20
above the raouth of the Ohio.
Cape Hope, the N. W. point of Martha's Vine
yard, Mass, on which is a light-house.
Cape May, co. N. J. bounded N, by Gloucester
GO. S. E. by the AUantic, and S, W, by Delaware
bay. Pop. 3,632, A post office is kept at the
court-house. Capernaum, in Sac. Geog. a principal city of
GaUlee, on the W, shore of the sea of Tiberias,
near the influx of the Jordan, belonging to the
government of Herod Antipas,
¦ Copestan, t. France, iu Herault, 11 ra, N, Nar
bonne, Cape Vincent, p-v. Jefferson co, N. Y.
Caphon springs, in Frederick co, Va. 21 m, W.
S. 'W, Winchester.
Capibaribe, r. Brazil, falls into the sea near
Pernambuco, Lat, 8° 15' S.
Cttpira, r. in Caraccas, runs into the sea. Lon.
66° 56' V7.
Capitanata, province ofthe kingdom of Naples,
on the gulf of Venice, between Abruzzo Citra on
the N. W. and Bari on the S. E. The soU is
generaUy fruitful, and yields good pasture.
Capitanata, t. New-Grenada. 60 m. N. N. E.
Tunja. Capo d'Istria, capital of the Austrian province
of Istria, on a small island in the gulf of Trieste, 8
m. S. Trieste. Pop, 6,000,
CopoUta, c. Mexico, runs into the Pacific.
Lon. 96° 30, W.
Capoul, one of the Philippine islands, S. of Lu
zon, Lat, 12° 30' N,
Cappadocia, in Sac. Geog, country of Asia Mi
nor, bounded N. by the Euxine sea, S, by Arme
nia, W. by Galatia and Pamphylia, and E, Silicia.
Cappel, t. Hesse, 22 m, S. E. Cassel,
Cappeln, t. Denmark, 16 m, N. E, Sleswick.
Cappeln, Osier, Hanover, 12 m, E, Osnabruck,
Capraia, isl, of the Sardinian states, in the
Mediterranean, between the N, point of Corsica
and the coast of Italy, Lon, 9° 48' 12" E, Lat,
43° 0' 18", Pop. 2,000.
Capranu, v. Eu. Turkey, in Lividia, on the
Cephissus, nearly corresponding in situation to
thp ancient Comronea. The ruins of that town
are still in existence.
Caprera, isl, in the Mediterranean, near S, W,
coast of the Morea. Lon. 21° 40' E. Lat. 36° 52'
N. Capri, isl. in the Mediterranean at the enfrance
of the gulf of Naples. It was anciently caUed Ca-
prese. 26 m. S. Naples. See Ana Capri. '
Capricorn, Cape, on the N. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon. 208° 58' W. Lat. 23° 24' S.
Caprino, t. Lombardy, 8 m. W. N. W. Ber
gamo. Capro, t. Dongola, on the Nile, 8 m. S. Mescho.
Cwprone, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, 2 m,
N. W. Stanchio, Lon. 26° 52' E. Lat. 36* S9' N,

Caprycke, t. Flanders, 14 m, S, E, Sluys.
Cape St Michael, seigniory, Surry co, Lowe?
Canada, on the S, side of the St Lawrence oppo
site the island of Orleans.
Captain John's mills, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Captina. creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio 23 m.
below WheeUng.
Captina creek, p-v. Belmont co. Ohio.
Capua, t, Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, on tiie
Voltumo, The ancient town so celebrated in his
tory, is nearly 2 m. S. E. of the present town. No
place in Italy, except Rome, contains a greater
nuraber of ancient inscriptions. Capua was forti
fied by Vauban, has a strong citadel, and is ac
counted the key of Naples on the N. 15 m. N.
Naples. Capusa, isl. off Corsica. Lon. 9° 29° E. lat
42° 57, N.
Caqueta, r. Quito, divides into two arms ; the
Japura, enters the Amazon between 4° Emd 5° N.
lat. the other arm divides into two streams, one of
which enters the Orinoco.
Caro, isl. of the Hebrides. Lon, 5° 48' W, Lat
55° 36' N,
Carabaya, or Carabaia, province of Peru,
bounded E, by Larecaja, W. by Quispicanchi, N.
and N. W. by the territories ofthe Indians, S. W.
by the province of Canes and Canches, and S.
by Lampa and Asangaro.
Cara-big-nar. See Kara-big-nar.
Caracares, lake, Paraguay, in S. lat 30° 41'.
Caracatay. See Kara-kita.
Caraccas, Captain-generalship of, a name given
by the Spaniards to a country of S. America,
which in 1811 declared itself independent, and
assumed the titie of the RepubUc of Venezuela.
It extends from the Caribbean sea on the N. to
the Portuguese dominions on the S. and from New-
Granada on the W. to the river Esequebo, which
separates it from English Guiana, on the E.
Depons in 1804, estimated the population of this
country at 728,000, -which he divided among the:
different provinces as follows :
Venezuela including Varinas, 500,000
Maracaibo, . - - 100,000
Cumana, ... 80,000
Spanish Guiana, - - 34,(H)0 v.
Margarita island, - - 14,000
This population is made up of wliites, negroes,
Indians, mulattoes and mestizoes.
The northern part of the couutry is mountain
ous. A branch ofthe Andes, caUed the chain of
Venezuela, runs along tiie whole nortliem coast
and terminates opposite the island of Trinidad.
Below the mountains, there are immense plains'
which stretch south beyond the Orinoco, and west
into New-Granada. In the rainy season the Ori
noco overflows its banks, and tiiese plains are in
undated to a vast extent. — In the low counfrythe
climate is hot, but in the mountains very pleasant
and healthy. Earthquakes ai-e comraon in some
parts. The soil is very fertile. The raountains
are covered with forests of most valuable tim
ber ; the vaUies between Uic mountains contain
tlie principal plantations, aud produce cocoa,
indigo, cotton, sugar and tobacco, in abundance;
the plains furnish immense pastures for number
less herds of cattle. Tribes of independent v«uv
Uke Indians occupy the country about the mouths
of the Orinoco, the whole coast from the Ori
noco to the Essequebo, the country west of Lake
Maracaibo, and the whole interior of Spanish
Guiana.

CAR

CAR

153

The pohtical state of this country for several
years has been very fluctuating. Sometimes the
mother country has succeeded for a time in re
establishing her authority, but generally the rev
el utionists have prevailed, and the prospect of
their final emancipation seems now to be brighter
than ever. The name of Venezuela has been re
centiy exchanged for that of the Republic of Co
lombia. The seat of government is at St, 'Thom
as, on the Orinoco. See Cokmbia.
Caraccas, city, S. America, and capital of the
counfry described in the preceding article, is in a
valley, between two mountains, a few leagues
from the coast, elevated 2,900 feet above the level
ofthe sea. It contains a university and several
churches, hospitals, and monasteries. The pop
ulation, according to the returns in 1802, was
31,200. On theaOth of March, 1812, this city was
partly destroyed by an earthquake, and 12,000
persons were buried in the ruins. The port of
Caraccas, named Guayra, has bad anchorage, but
by the construction of a mole tiie road is good,
Lon, 66° 46' W , Lat. 10° 30' N,
Caracena, t Spain, 18 m, S, S. W. Siguenca.
Carachaban, t Persia, in Azerbijan, 80 m. W.
Tabriz. Caracal. See Caluma.
Caraeoli, a port of America, in Venezuela.
Caraglio, t. Piedmont, 6 ra. W. Coni. Pop.
7,200. Carahissar, See Aphion.
Caraman,t. France, 15m. E. S. E. Toulouse.
Caramon, t Syria, on the lake of Antioch, 12 m.
N. of Antioch.
Caramania, province of A. Turkey, bounded N.
and W. by NatoUa, and S. by the Mediterranean.
Pirates frequently shelter themselves behind the
promontories ofthe coast, whence they issue forth
to commit their depredations on defenceless ves
sels. The province belongs to the Turkish em
pire, but some parts of it submit with impatience
to its rule.
Caramanico, t Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 8 m.
N. Sulmona.
Caramanta, t S. Araerica, in Antioquia, 65
leagues N. E. Popayan. Lon, 75° 33' W, Lat,
5°'58'N. Caran, i. Eng, runs into the Avon,
Corang Assam, t and district on the E. coast of
the island of Bally.
Carangas, pro-vince, Peru, bounded N. by the
province of Pacages, E. by Paria, S, by Lipes, and
W. by Arica,
Caranja, isl, 9 m. S, Bombay,
Carapella, r, Naples, runs into the Adriatic, 9
m, S, Manfredonia,
CarapeUa, t Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 15 m,
E, Aquila,
Carovo, Cape, on the N, coast of Sicily, Lat
68° 13' N,
Caravaeas, t, Spain, 60 m, W, N, W. Murcia.
C'aravaggio, t. Lombardy, 10 m. N- Crema,
Caravelle, Cape, on the N, E. coast of Martinico,
Lon. 60° 56' W. Lat 14° 55' N.
Caravino, t Piedmont, 9 m, S. E, Ivrea,
Caraw, t. Syria, 42 ra, E. N, E, Damascus.
Carawang, Cape, on the N, coast of Java, Lon,
107° 10' E, Lat, 6° 46' S,
Carawang, 'Point, the east point of Batavia bay,
Lon. 107° Iff E, Lat, 5° 67' S,
Carasa, isl, in the mouth ofthe Volga, 70 m, S.
Astrakhan, '
Carbini, t, Corsica, 25 m, S, E. Ajaecio,
20

Carbonara, t. Naples, 2 ra, S. S. E, Bari,
Carbonaro, Cape, on the S. coast of Sardinia.
Lon, 9° 49' E. Lat 39° 22' N.
Carbonblanc, t, France, 6 m, N. E, Bourdeaux,
Carbone, r, Spain, runs into tho (Juadalquivir,
a Uttie above Seville,
Carbonero, t Spain, 14 m, N, N, W, Segovia,
Carbonne, t. France, 21 m, S, Toulouse,
Carcabuy, t, Spain, in Cordova, 8 m. E, JJ, E,
Lucena, Carcal, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 12 m, E, Calli-
any. Another, in Golconda, 18 m, S, W. Com-
bamet, Corean, r. Asia, separates Queda from Malac
ca, and runs into the straits of Malacca, Lat, 5°
14' N,
Carcara, t. Piedmont, 12 m, E. Ceva,
Carcassonne, city, France, and cap, of Aude,
on the Aude, which divides it into Upper and
Lower, The principal manufacture is cloth for
the Levsmt market ; 48 rii. S. E, 'Toulouse. Lon,
2° 26' E. Lat 43« 12' 45" N, Pop. 15,200.
Carchemish, in Sac. Geog. city on the Euphra
tes, raost probably the sarae with Circesium, ou
the E, side ofthe river, at the influx ofthe Chabo-
ras, Car-Craig, isl, Scotland, in the frith of Forth,
Carculla, t. Hind, in South Canara. Lon. 75° 11
E, Lat, 13° 12' N.
Cardaillac, t. France, 5 m, N, Figeac.
Garden, t Grand duchy of the Lower Rhine, 27
ra, N, E. Treves.
Cardiff, t. Wales, in Glaijiorganshire, on the
Taff, 3 ra, from the Severn. A navigable canal
connects it with the Merthyr Tydvil works,
whence a great quantity of cast and wrought iron
is brought. Not less than 30,000 boxes of tin
plates, manufactured at an extensive work, with
in 4 miles of Cardiff, are shipped for Bristol. 160
m. W, London, Lon, 3° 10' W, Lat 5 1° 28' N.
Pop, 2,457.
Cardigan, a maritime co, of Wales, bounded N.
by Merioneth and Montgomery, E. by Radnor and
Brecknock, S. byCaermarthenshire, and W. by
the Irish sea. It contains 726 square mUes. Pop.
50,260. FaraiUes 11,296, of which 6,864 are en
gaged in agriculture, and 1,913 in raanufactures.
Cardigan, t. Wales, cap, of Cardigan co/onthe
Tivey, 2 ra, from its mouth. It owns 10,097 tons
of shipping, which are navigated hy 929 seamen ;
97 m, W, N, W. Monmouth, Lon, 4° 42' W, Lat
51° 69' N, Cardigan Bay, is W, N, W, of tiie
town. Cardington, v. Eng, 2 m, fr. Bedford.
Cardona, t Spain, in Catalonia, on the Cardone-
ro, defended by ramparts and a castle. It lies at
the foot of an immense rock of salt, which on the
side ofthe river is perpendicular, forming a mass
of soUdsalt, between 400 and 500 feet in height,
aad nearly 3 miles in circumference. The salt is
of various colours, but generally white ; and va
ses, ums, candlesticks, and other utensils, and
toys, are made out of it. The river is salt, and
proves fatal to fish for an extent of 8 miles ; 36 m.
N. W, Barcelona, Lon. 1° 31' E. Lat 41° 53^
N. Pop. 2,800.
Cordonero, r. Spain, runs into the Llobregat, at
Manxes. Cordross, v. Scotland, on the Leven, 3 m. N.
W. Dumbarton,
Cdrelia, an extensive tract of country in Fin
land, now for the most part included in the gov
ernment of Wiborg.

154 C A 1\
Carcndar, t. Persia, in IChorassah, 40 m, i.
Carennac't. France, 7 m, N, W, St, Cdri,
Carentan, t. France, near the conflux of the
Douvre and Carentan, Lat 49° 18' 17" N,
Carentoir, t. France, in Morbihan. Pop, 5,300,
34 m, N. E, Vannes,
Carew, v. Wales, 5 m. fr. Pembroke, in Pem
broke, Carfagnarm, district, Italy, in the duchy of Luc
ca, Pop, 23,000,
Carguairaso, a lofty mountain and volcano in
Quito, CarhaiXj t France, 19 m, S, Morlaix,
Carham, v. Eng, in Northumberland, 28 m. N,
W, Alnwick,
Carittco, city, S, America, in Curaana, on Cari-
aco river, Lon, 63° 39' W, Lat 10° 30' N, Pop.
6,600. Coriaco, gulf, on the coast of S. America, in
Cumana, into which the river Gariaco empties.
Cariaco, isl. in the W, Indies, dependent on
Grenada, Carian, the S, W,part of Arracan, between 16°
and 17° N. lat
Cariathin, t, Arabia, 240 ra, E, N. E, Mecca.
Carioti Nuovo, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, 25
m. N, St, Severino,
Caribou, isl, in Lake Superior. Lon. 85° 30'
W. Lat 47° N.
Caribou, r. Canada, runs into the Saguena. Lat.
48°29'N. Carical, t Hind, in the Carnatic.
Caridien, isl. off the W. coastof Ceylon. Lon.
79°55'E. Lat 8° 30' N.
Carignano, t Piedmont, on the Po, 8 m S. Tu
rin. Carigue, isl. in the river Shannon, 33 m. W.
Limerick. Carimon, isl. in the straits of Malacca, Lat,
1° N,
Carinaeou, one ofthe Grenadilla islands, in the
W, Indies, with an excellent harbour, 16 m, N, E,
Grenada, Carinena, t, Spain, in Arragon, 20 m, N, Ca-
lataiud, Coringapotam, t. Hind, 10 m, S, E. Tinne-
Velly, Carini, t, Sicily, 17 ra, S, W, Palermo, Pop,
4,000, Carinish, Point, on the S, W. coast of Ireland.
Lon, 9° 68' W. Lat. 61° 37' N.
Corinola, (an. Forum Claudii,) t, Italy, 28 m,
N. W,-Naples,
Carinthia, in the old divisions of the Austrian
dominions, was a province with the title of duchy,
lying between 46° 30' and 47° 6' N. lat, and be
tween 12° 35' and 16° E. lon. In the modern di
vision of the empire, this country forms the cir
cles of Clagenfurt and VUlach, in Uie kingdora of
lUyria, It is a raountainous country, and its chief
wealth lies in its mines. The lead mipes are par
ticularly celebrated. See Illyria.
Carisbrook, v. Isle of Wight, remarkable for its
Church and castle, which are of great antiquity ;
1 m. from Newport.
Caristo, or Castel Rosso, in Greece, at the S, E,
extremity of the island of ]jregropont Lon, 24°
35' E, Lat, 38° 4' N,
Carlanstown, v, Ireland, in Meath, 33 ra, from
Dublin. Carleby, New, t. Finland, 70 m. S, W. Ca
jana.

CAR
. Carleby, Old, s-p, Finland, It has a good h^-
bbur, 60 m, S. W. Cajana. Lon. 23 1 L. Lat.
63° .5ff N. „ T *• ¦
Carkntini, t, Sicily, 2 ra, E. Lentim,
Carlesmarckt, t. Silesia, 9 m, E, Brieg,
Carkton, v, Eng, in Yorkshire-, 3 m, froBl Ho-
kcslcv* Carlingford, s-p, Ireland, in Louth, CarUng,
ford bay is a fine haven, with 20 fathom wafer,
but is dangerous from rocks. 51 m. N. DubUn,
24 S, S. E. Armagh, Lon. 6° 8' W, Lat 64° 1' N.
Carlisle, city, Eng, in Cumberland, very pleas
antly situated near the confluence of the Eden
and Calden, It was formerly a mUitary post of
the first importance, and of great sfrength. The
cathedral, dedicated to the Holy Trinity, is a ven
erable stracture, partly of Saxon, and partly of
Gothic architecture. Considerable trade and
manufactures are carried on here. Pop. 12,531.
96 m. from Edinbuigh, 104 from Glasgow, 200
from DubUn, and 301 N. London. Lon. 3° 5' W.
Lat 54° 5ff N.
Carlisle, t. Middlesex co. Mass, 20 m. N. W.
Boston. Pop. 672.
Carlisle, p-t Schoharie co. N. Y. 8 m. N. W.
Schoharie, 40 W. Albany. Pop. 1,231.
Carlisle, bor. and p-t Cumberland co. Pa. 16 m.
W. Harrisburg, 113 W. Philadelphia. Pop. 2,491.
Lon. 77° 10' W. Lat 40° 12" N. The situation is
pleasant and salubrious. It contains houses d
public worship for EpiscopaUans^ Rxanan Catho
Ucs, Methodists, Lutherans, and several denomi
nations of Presbyterians. Dickinson coUege was
founded in this town in 1783, and was, for a num
ber of years, a flourishing institution, having a
president^ 3 professors, a complete philoeqihical
apparatus, and a Ubrary of abmit 3,1)00 volumes.
Its operations are now suspended.
Carlisle, p-v. Bourbon co. Ken.
Carlisle, p-v. Nicholas co. Ken.
Carlo, isl. in the gulf of Bothnia, off the coast of
East Bothnia, subject to Russia. Lon. 24° 40 E
Lat 65° 2' N.
Corlopago, s-p. Austrian empire, on the Adriat
ic, Pop. 12,000. 40m.S.Bukari. Lon. 15° 13'
E. Lat 44° 55' N.
Carlovj, or Catherlt^h, county of Ireland, boun
ded N, and N, W, by KUdare and Queen's oo, E.
by Wicklow and Wexford, and S, W, by Kilken
ny, It is about 26 mUes long and 23 broad, and
contains 214 square miles. Pop, about 78,000.
Carkw, the assize town of Carlow co. IreIand,on
the east side of the Barrow, 39 m. S. DubUn,HT
N. Kilkenny, Pop, 6,575, Lon. 6° 63' W. Wi
52°49'N. Carlowitz, t Ausfrian empire, on the Danube,
32 m, N, W. Belgrade, Lon, 20° 3' E, Lat 47'
25' N, Pop, 5,600.
Carlsbad, t Bohemia, famous for its hot mineral
waters, 6 m, N, E, Elubogen, 66 W, Prague, Lon.
12° 62' E, Lat, 50° 12' N,
Carlshurg, or Carlstadt, fortified t, Hanover,
30 m, N, by W, of Bremen, Lon. 8° 40' E, Lat
53° 32' N,
Carlscrona, or Carlscroon, s-p. Sweden, on the
Baltic, It is the principal depot of the Swedish
navy. The entrance to the harbor, which is ca
pable of holding about 100 vessels, is commanded
by two forts. Here are celebrated dock-yards.
The exports consist of timber, tar, potash, taUow,
and marble. In the town is an anchor foundery.
Pop, 13,800, 220 m. S. S. W, Stockhohn. Lett.
15° 33'E. Lat 56° 6' 57" N,

CAR

CAR

155

Carlsfeld, a raining t, in Saxony, 16 m, S,
Zwickau,¦ Carlshamm, a royal staple town, Sweden, on
the Baltic ; with a good harbor, a fortress, and a
dock-yard, 12 m, W, Carlscrona. Lon, 14° 39'
E, Lat, 56° 12' N,
•Varlshof, isl, in the Pacific, Lon, 140° 30' W,
Lat 15° 45' N,
• Carlsruhe, a handsome town in the grand duchy
of Baden, the residence ofthe grand duke and his
court. Under the late and present grand duke, it
has received great augmentations and embelUsh
ments, Pop, in 1809, 10,300, of whom 7,760 were
Lutherans, 1,800 Calvinists, and 660 Jews, 2 m.
N, W, Duriach, Lon. 20° 45' E, Lat, 48° 69'
SI" N,
• Carlstadt, t Austrian empire, 42 m, S, S, E,
Laybach, 170 S, by W, Vienna, Lon, 15° 50' E,
Lat 45° 34' N-
- Carlstadt, t. Sweden, on the island of Tingwalla,
at the influx of the Clara-Elf, or Star-Elf, into
lake Wener, 160 m. W. Stockholra, Lon, 13° 9'
E. Lat, 59° 20' N,
Carlstadt, t Baria, on the Maine, 12 ra. N. W,
Wurtzburg, Pop. 2,200,
Carlton, v. Eng, in Bedford, 5 m. fr. Olney.
Carmagnola, t. Piedmont, on the Po ; one ofthe
strongest places on the Piedmontese frontier. Here
is carried on a great trade in cloth, hemp, and
particulariy in silk. Pop. 12,000. 12 ra. S. S, E,
Turin, Lon,7»43'E, Lat 44° 50' N.
Carmaing, t, France, 17 m. E. Toulouse.
Carmarthen. See Caermarthen.
Carmel, ifi Sac, Geog. city, on a raountain, 10
m. S. E, Hebron, now called El Kirmel.
Carmel, Mount, Palestine, a fruitful mountain,
on the Mediterranean, on the N, side of the bay
of Acre,
Carmel, p-t Penobscot co. Maine, 15 m, W,
Bangor, Carmel, -p-t Putnam co, N, Y, 26 m, S, E,
Poughkeepsie. Pop. 2,020.
Carmen, isl. near the coast of Norway. Lat.
59° 30' N.
Carmi, p-t. and cap. White co. Illinois, on the
Little 'Wabash, 20 m. above its mouth, 40 N.
Shawneetown. Carmona, (an. Carmo,) t. Spain, 20 m. N. E.
Seville. Carmona, t Spain, 15 m. fr. Toledo.
Carmulla, t Hind, 70 m. N. Bejapour. Lon.
75° 32' E. Lat 18° 23' N.
Camabat, t Eu. Turkey, in Roraania, 50 ra. W.

Comae, V. Egypt, occupying a part of the
site of ancient Ttiebes.
Camamart, r. lrela.nd, faUs into Galway bay.
Carnarvon. See Caernarvon.
Carnatic, a province extending along the E.
coast of Hindustan, about 560 railes long, by from
50 to 100 broad, comprehending what lately form
ed the dominions of the nabob of Arcot. The
climate is liable to excessive heats, especially
during summer. On account of the extreme
scarcity of water, large tanks or artificial ponds
have been constructed in many places. The
country is also liab],e to frequent famines. Most
of the inhabitants are Hindoos: Mahometans and
Christians forraing but a small proportion of the
population. The principal towns are, Arcot,
Guddalore, Madras, Madura, Ongolo, Pondicher
ry, Tanjore, TinneveUy, Trichinopoly, and Vel

lore. In 1801, the whole territory, with the ex
ception of a sraall portion reserved by the nabob,
was ceded to the British, who divided it into eight
districts. Cama«/, a celebrated t. Hind, in lat 29° 42'
N. lon. 76° 47' E.
Camess, cape, Scotland. Lon. 2° 48' W. Lat.
58° 53' N.
Camesville, p-t. and cap. Franklin co, Geo, 110
m, fr. Augusta.
Carhew, v. Ireland, in Wexford, 44 m, from
DubUn. Carney, t Syria, 5 m. S, Bairout,
Car Nicobar, the most northern of the Nicobar
islands, and the largest of the whole, being about
75 miles in circuit, Lon, 93° 12' E, Lat 9°
10' N.
Camieres, t. France, 25 ra, E, Charleroy,
Carniola, forraerly a province of the Austrian
empire, with the title of duchy, bounded N, by
Carinthia, N. E, by Styria, E,and S, E, by Croa
tia, S. by Dalmatia and the Adriatic, and W, by
Istria, FriuU, and the county of Goritz, contain
ing 4,700 square miles, witha population in 1807,
of 409,604, It formerly formed with Styria, Car-
dinthia, Friuli, and the territory of Trieste, the
division of the empire called Inner Austria, but
since 1816, it has composed the circles of Lay-
bach, Neustadt, and Adelsberg, in a new division
of the empire caUed the kingdom, of Illyria, See
Illyria. This province contains a nuraber of iron mines,
Quicljsiiver is found near Ostraga ; and the fa
mous mines of that metal at Idria may likewise be
considered as belonging to tiiis province. Cinna
bar is obtained in the county of Gomor, to the
amount of 6(X)0 or 7(X)0 cwt "per annum. The
inhabitauts are, for the most part, of Sclavonian
extraction, and are called by the Germans Wen
den, or Vandals, The nuraber of pure Germans
does not exceed 30,000.
Camoul, t and district. Hind, Lon, 77° 58' E,
Lat 15° 50' N.
Carnoules, t, France, 14 ra, N, N, E, Toulon,
Camsore, the S, E, point of Ireland, Lon, 6°
20' W, Lat 52° 11' N,
Camtagher, mountains, Ireland, 14 m, S. Lon
donderry. Camuath, v, Scotland, in Lanark, 25 m, S. W,
Edinburgh, Carokth, principality, in Lower Silesia, in
closed by the circles of Glogau, Freystadt, and
Grunberg, Extent about IW square miles,
Carolina, La, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 20 m, N.
E, Andukar, Lon, 3° 36' 13" W, Lat 38° 17' 5"
N, Pop. about 3,000,
Carolina, (North,) one of the U. S, bounded N.
by Virginia; E. by the Atlantic ; S, by S, Caro
lina, and W. by Tennessee, It extends frora lat.
33° 60' to 36° 30' N, and frora lon, 75° 46' to 84°
W, and contains 48, (WO square railes. Pop, in
1790, 393,761 ; in 1800, 478,103; and in 1810,
555,600, of whora 376,410 were whites, 168,823
slaves, and 10,266 free blacks.
Along the whole coast of N, Carolina is a ridge
of sand, separated from the main land, in some
places by narrow sounds, in others by broad bays.
The passages or inlets through it are shallow and
dangerous, and Ocracoke iidet ia the only one,
OQrth of Cape Fear, through which vessels pass.
In the counties on the sea coast, the land is low
and covered with extensive swamps an^ marshes|
and for 60 or 80 miles from ths ilaire ia. a i&id

156

CAR

CAR

level, J^eyond this, the country swells into hills,
and in the most western part rises into raoun
tains. In the low country, the soil is generally
sandy, and covered with iraraense forests of pitch
pine; in the swamps, rice of a fine quality is
raised ; and in , the upper country, wheat, rye,
barley, oats, hemp, and Indian corn, — The prin
cipal rivers, beginning in the east, are the Chow
an, Roanoke, Pamlico, Neuse, Cape Fear, Yad
kin, Catabaw, and Broad, The banks of these
rivers are rich and fertile, but not a single point
has been found on the coast, within the limits of
the state, at which a safe and commodious port
could be estabUshed. Hitherto, the productions
of the northern parts of the state, lying on the
Roanoke and its branches, and also on the upper
parts of the Tar and NeUse, have been sent to the
markets of Virginia ; and the trade of Broad riv
er, the Catabaw, and the Yadkin, has gone to S,
Carolina,^ — Since the year 1816, the state has been
zealously engaged in the business of internal im
provements. It is intended to improve the navi
gation of the inlets and sounds, so as to open a
direct and easy communication with the ocean ;
to remove the obstructions in the navigation ofthe
principal rivers ; to connect the rivers by naviga
ble canals ; tb improve the roads ; and to drain
the marshes and swamps ofthe eastern and south-
em counties. In prosecution of these plans, skilful
engineers have been employed, for several years,
in making the necessary surveys, and several pri
vate companies have been forraed, under the pat
ronage of the state. In 1820, the legislature ap
propriated, for the purpose of internal iraprove-
ments, the prpceeds of the sale of all the Cherokee
lands, which have lately come into the possession
(rf the state. ¦*
Within a few years, there has been rauch zeal
displayed in the estabUshment of academies and
schools. Previous to 1804, there were but 2
academies in the state. The number, at present,
is 60, and is rapidly increasing ; and there is a
flourishing university at Chapel HiU, called the
University of North Carolina. The most nume
rous denominations of Christians, are the Metho
dists and Baptists, especially in the low country.
The western part of the state was settied by
Piresbyterians from Pennsylvania. — The govern
ment consists of a senate, and house of commons,
chosen annually, and a governor chosen by joint
ballot of both houses. — The principal exports are
pitch, tar, turpentine, lumber, Indian corn, and
tobacco. — Raleigh is the seat of government
Carolina, (South,) one of the U. S. bounded N,
and N, E. by NorUi Carolina; S.E, by Uie At
lantic ; and S, W, by Georgia, from which it is
separated by Savannah river. It extends from
lat 32° to 35° 8' N, and from lon, 78° 24' to 83»
30' W, containing 24,000 square raUes, Pop, in
1790, 239,073; in 1800, 346,591; and in 1810,
416,110, of whom 214,201 were whites, 196,365
slaves, and 4,554 free blacks.
The sea coast is bordered with a fine chain of
islands, between which and the shore there is a
very convenient navigation. The main land is
naturally divided into the Lower and Upper
country. The low country extends 80 or 100
miles from the coost, and is covered with exten
sive forests of pitch pine, called pine barrens, in
terspersed wifli swamps and marshes of a rich
soil. After leaving the low country, in proceeding
jnto the interior, you first pass through a region of

little sand hiUs, resembling the waves of the ocean
in a high sea. This curious country, sometimes
called the middle country, continues for 50 or 60
miles, till you arrive at the Ridge, which is a re
markable tract of high ground as you approach
it from the sea, but level as you advance from the
N, W, Beyond this ridge, commences a fine
healthy country of hills and dales, terminating in
the western extremity of the state, in lofty moun
tains. — The banks of the lar^e rivers and the
creeks, in the low country, are bordered with a
belt of excellent land, producing cotton and
maize in abundance ; the marshes and swamps, in
this district, make fine rice plantations ; and some
of the low grounds between the sand hills in the
middle district, are suitable for agriculture and
pasturage : but 'with these exceptions, the whole
country below the Ridge has a sandy barren soil,
not worth cultivation. The soU of the upper
country is generally strong and productive, —
Cotton and rice are the staple productions of the
state. The climate and soil are weU adapted to
tobacco, grain, and indigo, and these were for
merly cultivated to a great extent ; but since the
invention of the machine to cleanse upland cot
ton frora its seeds, the cultivation of cotton has
become so profitable, that almost every thing else
is neglected. The cliraate of the upper country is healthy,
at all seasons of the year. In the low country,
the summer months are sickly, particularly Au
gust and September, and at this season, the cU
matc frequently proves fatal to strangers. — The
principal rivers beginning in the N. E. are the
Pedee, Santee, Cooper, Ashley, Edisto, Comba-
hee, and Savannah. — 'There is a canal, 22 mHea
long, connecting Santee and Cooper rivers, by
which the produce of a lai^e section of this state,
and of the western part of N. Carolina, is brought
to the city of Charleston.
South Carolina college, at Columbia, has been
liberally patronized by the state, CoUeges have
also been incorporated in Abbeville disfrict, in
Beaufort and in Winnsborough, but they have not
taken a higher rank than academies. Free schools
are estabUshed throughout the State, and the sum
of f 30,(X)0 annually, has been appropriated by
the legislature, for their support — The most nu
merous religious denominations, are . Methodists
and Baptists. Next to tiiem are the jPresbyteri-
ans and EpiscopaUans. — The legislature consists
of a senate and house of representatives. The
senate is chosen every 4 years, and the represen
tatives every two years, by districts. The gov
ernor is chosen every 2 years by a joint baUot of
both houses.
In 1817, South Carolina was the third State ia
the Union, in the -ralue of her exports. Theamount
was $10,372,613, and consisted almost wholly of
domestic produce. The staple ofthe State is cot
ton. The other articles are rice, lumber, pitch,
tar, turpentine, Sic. A large part of this produce
is exported in ships, belonging to the merchants
of the northern States, Charleston is the largest
town in the State, and the cenfre of its commerce,
but Columbia is the seat of government,
Caroline, p-t, Tioga co, N, Y, 12 m. N. E. Spen
cer. Caroline, co. Md. on the eastern shore, bounded
N. W, by Queen Anne co, E, by Dcla-ware, S, by
Dorchester co, and W, by Talbot Pop, 9,453-
Slaves, 1,620, Chief town, Denton,

CAR
Caroline, co, Va, on the S, side of the Rappa-
hancock. Pop, 17,544, Slaves, 10,764, Chief
town, Bowlinggreen,
Caroline Islands or New Philippines, in the Pa
cific, Lon, 136° to 156° E. Lat, 6° to 10° N,
Caromata, isl, off the W. coast of Borneo,
Caromb, t, France, 18 m, N, E, Avignon,
Carondolet, or Vide poche, v. St. Louis co, Mis
souri, on the Mississippi, opposite Caliokia, 6 m.
below St, Louis,
Caroni, large r, S, America, falls into the Ori
noco, on the S. side, 72 leagues from its mouth, af
ter a course of more than 400 miles,
Caroon Beled, or BeUet, an extensive mass of
ruins, situated upon the lake of the same name,
and which appear to be the remains of the cele
brated building, caUedthe Labyrinth of Egypt,
Caroon, Birket el, (an. Moeris) a considerable
lake in Faioum, in Egypt, about 60 railes long and
10 broad. \
Caroor, t. Hind, in Coimbetoor, on the Amar-
wati ; 42 m, W, Trichinopoly,
CoTora, city, Venezuela. The inhabitants are
chiefly engaged in rearing oxen, raules, horses,
sheep, goats, &c. ; 45 m. E. lake Maracaibo, 270
W. Caraccas. Lat 9°' 50' N.
Carouge, t France, 12 m. N. 'W. Alencon.
Carouge, Point, the N. extreraity of St. Domin
go- Carovigno, t Naples, in Terra d'Otranto ; 3 m.
E. Ostuni,
Carp River, runs intp the S, side of Lake Supe
rior, 30 m. W, of the La Train.
Carpanedo, t Italy, 10 ra. N. Bassano.
¦ Carpus, t Cyprus, 22 m. N. N. E. Famagusta.
Carpathian Mountains, an extensive chain of
mountains, which reaches from the borders of
Saxony to the Black sea, separating Moravia from
Silesia; Transylvania and Hungary from the Bu-
ko'wine and GaUcia ; and Walachia from Molda
via. Most of it^ summits are covered with per
petual snow,
Carpenedok, t Lombardy, on the Seriolo-Chi-
ese, 15 ra. S. S. E. Brescia.
Carpentaria, Gulf of , on the N. coast of New-
Holland. It stretches in breadth 5° 30' of longi
tude, from Endeavour Strait to Cape Wilber-
force, and 7° of latitude in depth. Lon. 130° 60'
E, Lat 10° 20' S,
Carpenter's Point, p-v. Orange co, N. Y.
Carpentras, t. France, on the Anson, in Vau
cluse ; 12 ra. N. E, Avignon, 38 N, W. Aix. Lon,
5°3'E, Lat 44° 3' N, Pop. 8 or 9,000,
Carpi, t. Italy, in Modena ; 54 ra. S. Mantua,
Carpi, t Venetian Territory, on the Adige' ; 5
m, S, Legnano,
CarpiOi t, Spain, 22 m, E, Cordova,
Caipusttli, V. NatoUa, 36 ra. N, Melasso,
Carra, r. Ireland, runs into Dingle bay,
' Carraco, La, s-p, Spain, 6 m, E. Cadiz,
Carrantasca Lagoon, a large gulf on the S, side
ofthe bay of Honduras, Lou, 83° W, Lat 15°
32' N, Carrantasca Shoals, extend from it 40
miles, Lon, 83° W, Lat. 16° N,
Carrara, t. Italy, in the duchy of Massa, long cel
ebrated forits quarries of beautiful marble, which
is of different colours, and adapted for different
uses, some kinds being employed in building, and
others in statuary ; 5 ra, N, VV', Massa, 22 N, W,
Lucca, Lon, 10° 4' E, Lat 44° 3' N.
Carribean Sea, a part ofthe Atlantic, bounded
N, by Jamaica, St. Domingo, Porto-Rico, s^nd the

CAR

157

Virgin islands, S, and W, by the continent, E, by
tiie Carribean islands,
Carribee, or Caribee Islands, a part of the West
India islands ; extending in the form of a crescent
from the island of Porto-Rico to the coast of South
America, They lie between 58° and 65° W,
lon, and between 9° and 19° N. lat. The chief
are Santa Cruz, St, Martin, St. Christopher, Ne
vis, Antigua, Montserat, Guadaloupe, Dominica,
Martinique, St, Lucia, St. Vincent, Barbadoes,
Grenada, Tobago, and Trinidad,
Carrick on Shannon, t. cap, of Leitrim co, Ire
land, 36 m. S. Ballyshannon,
Carriek on Suir, t, Ireland, in Tipperary, Pop,
about 11,000 ; 12 m, N, W. Waterford, 70 N, W.
Dublin. Lon, 7° 8' W, Lat, 62° 23' N.
Carrickfergus, s-p. Ireland, in Antrim, on Bel
fast lough, or Carrickfergus bay. It was once the
principal seaport in the north of Ireland, but its
trade has been transferred to Belfast, Pop. 3,400.
8 m. fr, BeUast, 86 fr, Dublin, Lon. 6° 2' W, Lat
54° 43' N,
Carrickmacross, v. Ireland, 19 ra, S, S, E, Mo-

Carrion, r. Spain, falls into the Pisuerga,
Carrion de los Candes, t. Spain, in Leon ; 40 m.
W, Burgos,
Carrock, rat. Eng. 12 ra, fr, Cheswick.
Carrog, r. Wales, falls into the sea 4 m, S, S.
W, Caernarvon,
Carron, v. Scotiand, in Stirling, on Carron riv
er, which faUs into the Forth, Iron works, now
among the raost extensive in Great Britain, were
erected here in 1760. There are about twenty
furnaces, and the whole works eraploy more than
2000 persons. All kinds of iron goods are manu
factured at Carron : heavy ordnance, cylinders,
steam-engines, pumps, boilers, flies, wheels, and'
pinions, together with other ponderous apparatus
used in war, or the arts ; 2 m, N, W, Falkirk, 26-
N, W, Edinburgh.
Carrouge, t. Savoy, 3 ra. fr. Geneva.
Carr Rock, on the N. shore of the frith of Forth,-
near its raouth.
Carru, t. Piedralont, on the Tanaro, 4 ra. S,
Bene. Carrying, or Portage river, Ohio, runs into the
S. W. end of Lake Erie, 15 ra. frora Sandusky,
, Cart, r. Scotland, faUs into the Clyde, 3 ra, N,
Paisley, Cartago, city, capital of Costa-Rica, in Guati
mala, about 10 leagues from the Atlantic, and
about 17 from the Pacific, Lon, 83° 30' W, Lat
9°42'S, Cartd^o, city of Popayan, nearthe river Cauca,
75 m, N, E, Popayan, Lat, 4° 46' N, Pop, 5 or
6,000, Cartama, v. Spain, in Grenada, 8 m, N, W, Mal
aga, Cartama, r. S. America, in Antioquia, runs into
the Cauca,
Carter, co. Tennessee, bounded N. by SuUivan
CO. E.by N. Carolina, S. W. by Washington' co.
Pop, 4jl90, Slaves 262, Chief town, Elizabeth-
town, Carter's Bay, on the N, W, coast of America.
Lat, 52° 68' N,
Carteret, maritime co, N, C, on Core and Pam
lico Sounds, Pop, 4,823, Slaves 1,172, Chief
town, Beaufort,
Carteret' s Harbour, onthe S, W, coast of Ne-w
Ireland, Lon. 152° 19' E, Lat 5° S.

15S

CAS

Carteret's Island, in the S, Pacific, Lon, 154°
14' E, Lat, 8° 26' S,
Carter's store, p-v, HaUfax co. Va,
CartersvUk, p-v, Cumberland co. Va, 48 m, from
Richmond. Carthage. The rUins of this great city, the an
cient emporiura of northern Africa, are still to be
seen on a proraontory, 12 m, E, N, E, Tunis,
Carthage, p-t. Jefferson co, N, Y,
Carthage, v. in Brighton, Ontario co.' N, Y, at
the lower falls of the Genesee, 5 ra, from Lake
Ontario, and about 30 N, W, Canandaigua, Car
thage bridge, erected across the Genesee, lately
fell. It consisted of a single arch, of 352 feet
chord, resting on abutments of solid rock, which
rise with a front nearly perpendicular, to the
height of 160 feet
Carthage, p-v, Moore co, N, C,
Cartilage, p-t. and cap. Smith co. Ten, on the
N, side of Cumberland river, opposite the mouth
of Caney fork, 50 m. E. N. NashviUe,
Carthage, v. Harailton co, Ohio, 6 ra, N, Cin
cinnati, Carthagena, or Cartagena, s-p, Spain, on the
coast of Murcia, It was founded by the Cartha
ginian general, Asdrubal, It is protected by a
fort, and possesses the best harbour in the Medit
erranean. It consists of a natural basin of great
depth, reaching close io the town, and secured
from every wind, by the surrounding hills, and by
an island near the entrance. The town lies on a
peninsula in this basin, has good spring water, and
a large and well stored arsenal. A manufactory
of sail-cloth is carried on by the inhabitants. Pop,
25,000, Lon, 1° 0' 21" W, Lat 37°,35' 60"N,
Carthagena, a province of S, America, in New
Grenada, bounded N. by the Caribbean sea, S. by
Antioquia, E. by Santa Martha, from which it is
divided by the great river Magdalena, W. by Da
rien, It contains about 60,0()0 whites, 13,000 In
dians, and 7,000 negro slaves,
Carthagena, city, S, America, in New Grenada,
on a sandy island, on the shore of a large and very
comraodious bay. The city and suburbs are well
laid out. The houses are built chiefly of stone.
There are various churches and convents, some
of which are raagnificent. The bay in which the
city is situated, is one of the best on the coast. It
has a sufficient depth of water, and good anchor
age, and is so sraooth, that the ships are no more
agitated in it than in a river. Lon, 77° 60' W,
Lat 10° 30' N, Pop. 24,000.
Carthagena, r. S, America, enters the Pacific at
the cape of Corrientes.
Carthkenny, r, Wales, runs into the Tave, 7 m,
W, S, W, Caermarthen,
Cartwel, t. Eng, 16 ra, frora Lancaster,
Carver, p-t, Plymouth co. Mass, 8 m. E, Plym
outh, 60 S, E. Boston, Pop, 858, Here is a pond,
containing iron ore. The iron is of a superior
quality, and 500 tons have been obtained in a
year, Carvin, t, France, 14 m, E, Bethune,
Carwor, s-p. Hind, 45 m, E, Goa, Lat, 14°
47' N,
Cary, r, Ireland, runs into the sea near Bally-
castle, Casabar. See Durgut.
Casac, a country of Persia, in Armenia, nom
inally subject to Persia, but ruled by its own prin
ces, Casdda creek, in Chataque co, N, Y. issues from

CAS
Casadalake, 7 m, S, Dunkirk on Lake Erie, aud
falls into the outlet of Chatauque lake,
Ca<a Grande, t. Mexico, in Sonora, on the Rio
Gila, Lon, 1 13° 23' E. Lat 33° 40' N.
Casale, or Casal, t Piedmont, cap, ofthe duchy
of Montserrat, on the Po, near the site of the an
cient Sedula. 35 m, S, W. Milan, 37 N, E, Tu
rin, Lon, 8° 19' E, Lat 46° 12' N, Pop, 15,000.
Casale, t ofthe Austrian states, in the Paduan,'
6 m, S. W, Montagnana.
Casale, t. Venetian territory, 3 ra, S. E, Tre
viso. Casak Borgone, t Piedmont, 12 m. N. E. Tu
rin. Casak Buttano, t. Lorabardy, 8 m, N. W, Cre«
mona, Casak Grande, t Italy, 9 m. S, W, Modena.
Casa/e Jlfog-giore, t, Lombardy, onthe Po, 20m,
E, S. E, Cremona.
¦ Casale Morona, t Italy, 12 ra. N. W. Cremona.
Casal Nuovo, t Naples, in Terra d'Otranto;
one in Capitanata, 11 m. N. Lucera.; one in Lom
bardy, 5 m. W. Cremona ; one in the grand duchy
of Tuscany ; oue in Naples, pop. 3,610. 16 N.
Policastro ; one in Naples, 15 m. N. 'Tursi.
Casak-Pusterlengo, t Lorabardy, 10 m. S. E.
Lodi. Casalegio, v. Italy, in Parma, duchy of Placen
tia, 6 ra, S. W, Piacenza.
Casan. See Kasan.
Casanara, r. Venezuela, falls into the Metaj
about 76 leagues above its junction mth the Ori
noco, By means of this river, and of the river
Meta, the inhabitants of Santa Fe can carry their
produce into Guiana.
Casarrubios, t. Spain, 25 m. S, W- Madrid,
Casbin, city of Persia, in Irak, on a great san
dy plain. It is one of the most extensive cities in
Persia. The manufacturee and trade of Casbin
are considerable, this city being open to Georgia,
Azerbijan, Ghilan, and the Caspian sea. 240 m.
N. N, W. Ispahan. Lon. 49° 33' E. Lat 36° 12' N.
Pop, 60,000.
Casbuona, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, 5 m. W.
Sfrongoli. Cascades, Isle de, in the St Lawrence, at its en
trance into Lake St Louis,
Cascaes, s-p. Portugal, on the N. side ofthe Ta
gus, at its mouth. 16 m. W. Lisbon. Lat 38°
44' N. Cape Cascaes is 2 ra, S. W.
Caschau, or Cassovia, cap, of Upper Hungary,
100 m, S. Cracow, 105 N. E, Buda. Pop, 7,900
Lon, 20° 40' E, Lai, 49° 40' N,
Cascina, t Piedmont, 10 ni, S. W. Alessandria.
Casca bay, on tile coast of Maine, between cape
Elizabeth on the S. W. and Cape Small Point, 40
railes distant, on the N, E. It contains about
300 small islands, which are -«'ell culti-vated, and
includes other bays, Maquoit, Stroudwater, and
Portland harbour.
Caserla, or Cascerta Nova, t Naples, iu Terra
di Lavoro, noted for its magnificent palace, la
m, E. Capua, 13 N. E, Naples,
Casey, co. Ken, Pop, 3,285, Slaves 242, Chief
town, Elizabeth,
Cashan, or Kashan, city, Persia, iu Irak, one of
the most flourishing inthe empire. Coloured and
flowered silks, the latter of exquisite beauty, are
manufactured here ; also carpets and cotton cloth,
utensUs of copper, gold, and silver. Pop, estima
ted at 30,000, 106 m, N, Ispalian, Lon, 51° 17"
E, Lat 33° 65' N,
Cash-clap stftlemenf, p-v, Johnson cp, lUinoiS,

CAS
¦CusheU, city, Ireland, in Tipperary, an archie-
^scopal see, about 3 m, from the river Suir, 31
N, W. Waterford. Pop, about 3,000,
Cashgar. See Kashgar,
Cashie, r. N, C, runs into the Roanoke, near its
mouth, Ce^hmere, a province of India, for a long period
belonging to Hindostan, but now an appendage of
Afghanistan ; it is about 90 miles long, and near
ly of an oval form, situated chiefly between 34°
and 35° N, lat and between 73° and 76° E, lon,
Itis a fertUe vaUey, surrounded ou all sides by
mountans, from whence descend numerous rivu
lets. From its elevated situation tiie climate is
deUghtful, the luxury of snow can always be pro
cured, and the various fruits and flowers of both
zones are found in the greatest abundance. This
counfry may be entered by seven passes. The
mode of transporting goods Uirough these passes, is
on men's shoulders, the roads being impracticable
either for horses, bullocks, or mules. There are
guards posted at each of these passes, who examine
all strangers ; and no one is sdlowed to quit the
counfry without a passport. Rice is the common
food ofthe inhabitants, and is raised in abundance,
but the most valuable vegetable production is saf
fron, of which great quantities are exported. The
principal source, however, ofthe wealth of Cash
mere, is its delicate and unrivalled manufacture of
shawls ; the wool or hair of which the shawl is
made, is produced by a goat, found only in Tibet,
from whence the Cashmere merchants are suppli
ed -with the wool. Sixteen thousand looms are
said to be constantiy employed, and the number
of shawls supposed to be manufactured annually is
80,000, During the late revolutions in the Afghan
government, the governor of Cashraere revolted,
and continues to maintain his independence. Its
principal towns are Serinaghur and Islamabad,
Cashmere, called also Serinaghur, the capital of
the above province, is in lon, 73° ,43' E, lat, 34°
Zff N, on the Jhelum, over which there are five
wooden bridges. Many of the houses are three
stories high, and are principally built of wood.
There are no pubUc buildings of any consequence
in the city, but in the environs there are the re
mains of several handsome palaces built by the em
perors of Hindostan.
Cash river, lUinois, runs into the Ohio 15 m, be
low Wilkinsonville,
Cashy, district. Hind, tributary to.Nepaul, be
tween 28° and 29° N. lat, and about 83° E, lon,
Casiar. See Ccesarea.
Casikli, t. on the W. coast of Natolia, Lat 37°
22' N,
Casimir, or Casmy, (an, Eleutherus,) r. Syria,
faUs into the sea, 4 m. N , Sufr,
Casimirsburg, a fortified place of Poraerania, on
the Baltic, 13 m. E, N, E. Colberg,
Casino, r. Naples, runs into the sea 2 m, N, W,
Cape Stilo.
Caso, isl, in the Mediterranean, 6 m, S, Scar-
panto, Caspe, t, Spain, 44 ra. S. E, Saragossa.
Carian Sea, an inland sea of Asia, bounded N.
by Russia, E. by Tartary, S. by Persia, It is 646
miles long, from N. to S, and 265 in extreme
breadth. The water is as salt as that of the
ocean, and has a bitter taste. Numerous rivers
run into the Caspian, and among them the Volga,
the largest river in Europe, yet the lake has no visi
ble outlet. The navigation of this sea is dangerous
owing to the numerous shaUows, There are ma-

0 A S

159

ny ports, but few of which are safe and commodi
ous for shipping. Sturgeon, salmon, and other fish
are caught in great quantities, and a number of
small vessels leave Astracan every season, for the
seal fishery on the Caspian.
Camion, or Beautiful, lake, in Greensborough,
Vt, It is a head- water of the Lamoil.
Cassagne, t. France, 14 m. S. Rhodez.
Cassandra, Gulf of, on the coast of Eu. Turkey,
in the northwest part of the archipelago, east of
the gulf of Saloniki. Lon. 23° 50' E. Lat. 40° N.
Cassandra Nova, t Eu, Turkey, 15 m. S, E, So-
loniki, Cassano, t, Naples, in Calabria Cifra, 1 19 m. E.
S, E, Naples; one in Bari, 15 m, S, Bari; one in
principato Ultra, 12 m. W. Conza,
Cassano lull Adda, t. Lombardy, 16 m. N'. E.
Milan. Cassay, called also Meckley, or Muggalow, a
province of the Birman empire, lying between 23°
and 26° N. lat. and between 93° and 96° E. lon.
bounded N. by Assam, W. by Bengal, S. and E.
by Ava, It is governed by a rajah, who is tribu
tary to the Birraan raonarchs ; and its inhabitants
are Hindoos, many of them brahmins. The coun
try is mountainous and very poor.
Cassebury Ghaut, a mountainous pass, Hind. 35
m. N. Chandor.
Cassel, t.. Gerraany, cap. of the electorate of
Hesse (called from it Hesse Cassel.) It is on tbe
Fulda, The great school, called Collegium Caro
linum, was founded here in 1709, The frade of
this place is not of great importance, but there
are sorae manufactories of china, earthen-wai-e,
and woollen stuffs. 50 ra. S. E. Paderborn, 84 N.
E. Coblentz. Lon. 9° 35' 18" E. Lat 51° 19' 20"
N. Pop, 19,000,
Cassel, or Montcassel, t France, in the dep, of
the North, 15 ra. S, E, of Dunkirk, 158 N, Paris.
Lon. 2° 29' 24" E. Lat, 50° 47' 64" N,
Cassel, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of
Hesse, on the right bank of the Rhine, opposite
Mentz, with which it has communication by a
bridge of boats,
Cosselk, t. Piedmont, 6 ra, N,. Turin, Poj
9,500, Cassell's store, p-v, Araelia co, Va.
Casseneuil,t. France, 6 m. W. N. W. Villeneuve-
d'Agen. Cassina, or Cashna, an extensive kingdom of
central Africa, situated W^. of Bornou, and extend
ing S. to the Niger. Like most other states in
this part of Africa, it is now tributary to Bornou.
The commerce of Cassina with northern Africa, is
maintaiaed by a caravan from Fezzan. The ex
ports consist of gold dust, slaves, cotton cloths, and
goat skins dyed red and yeUow, 'The iraports are
woollen stuffs, carpets, hardware, arms, knives,
scissors, beads, mirrors, and toys. Cassina, the
capital, is a city of great extent, but little is known
respecting it,
Cassine, v. Piedmont, 6 m, N, Acqui.
Cassiquiari, r. a branch ofthe Rio Negro, in S,
America, which communicates with the Orinoco,
Cassis, s-p, France, 8 m, S. E. MarseiUes.
Cassius, Mount, or Jebel Ocrab, mt Syria, near
Antioch, 2 m. S, ofthe river Orontes,
Cassopo, t Island of Corfu, 8 m. N. Corfu.
Cossy, the Hindoo name oi Benares.
Castagnedolo, t. Lorabardy, 6 m. S, S, E, Brescia.
Castahana Indians, Missouri Territory, 1,600 in
nuraber, with the Catakas, 376 in ; number, and
thej^otamis, 200, in number, inhabit the country

'i

160

CAS

on the upper parts of the Platte and Kansas rivers,
and are supposed to be descendants ofthe ancient
Padoucas nation,
C'astamena, or Kastamoni, t, Natolia, Lon, 34°
18' E- Lat 40° 42' N,
Castanet, t France, 6 m, S, S,E, Toulouse,
Castanheira, t Portugal, 18 ra. N, E. Lisbon;
one 24 m. E. S. E. Coirabra ; one in Beira, 7 m.
E, Aveiro,
Castono, t Lombardy, 18 ra, W. N, W, Milan,
Castanowitz, or Kostanitzo, t. and fort, Austrian
empire, in Croatia, Lon, 17° 0' E, Lat. 45° 30' N,
Castel Caldo, t Venetian territory, 30 ra, S. S, ,
W. Padua,
Castel Durante, or Urbanea, t of the popedom,
7 m, S,W, Urbino,
Castel-Gondolfo, t States ofthe Church, in Cara-
jjagna di Roraa, 12 m, E. of Rome.
Castel Leone, t Lombardy, 16 m. W. N. W.
Cremona. Pop. 8,000.
Castel a Mare di Slabia, s-p. Naples, in princi
pato Citra, 15 m, S. E, Naples,
Castel Nuovo, fortified t, Austrian empire, in
Dalmatia, in the gulf of Cattaro, 10 m. W, of Cat
taro. Lat 42° 40' N.
Castel Nuovo, t. Piedraont, 17 ra, N, W, Asti.
. Castel Nuovo, t. Italy, in Modena, 9 ra. N. N,
W. Reggio,
Castel Rodrigo, fortified t Portugal, in Beira,
10 ra. N, W, Pinnel,
Castel Sardo, s-p. Sardinia, 22 m. N. E. Sassari.
Castel-Sarrasin, t. France, on the Garonne, 10
m. W, Montauban, 30 W, N, W, Toulouse, Pop,
5,000. Castel Selino, t. Island of Candia, 21 m, S, W,
Canea,
* Castel Vetere, (an, Caulina,) t. Naples, in Cala
bria Ultra, 12 m, N, Gierace.
Cartelaun, t. Prussian states, 22 m. S. S. W.
Coblentz, Castelbranco, fortified t Portugal, in Beira, on
the Leiria, 7 m. S. E. Coimbra,
Costellamonte, t. Piedmont, 7 m. S, S. W, Ivrea.
Castellone, t. France, 36 ra. W. Nice.
• Castellazo, t. Piedmont, 7 m. S. Alessandria.
Castello di Bivona, (an. Stippo,) t. Naples, in
ilabria Ultra, 6 m, 'W. Monte Leone.
Castello Citao di, (an. Tifemum Tiberinum,) t
States of the Church, on the Tiber, cap. of a coun
ty, 100 m. N, Rome.
CasteUo Rosso, jsl. in the Mediterranean, half a
mile from the coast of Caramania, Lon, 20° 37' E.
Castello de Vide, t. and frontier castle of Portu
gal, 9 m. E. N. E, Portalegre.
Castellan de la Piano, t. Spain, 28 m.S. Valen
cia, Pop. 11,000.
Caslelluccia, t. Naples, 39 m. N, W, Bisignano.
Castebnoron, t. France, on the Lot, 9 ra. \V, Vil-
leneuve d'Agen.
Castelmoron, t. France, 27 ra, S, E, Bourdeaux.
Castelmoffnix, t. France, 8 ra. E. Toulouse.
Castelnau de Bonnifou, t. France, 3 ra. W.
Alby. Castelrum de Brassac, t, France, 9 m, E, Castres,
Castelnau de Magnoae, t. France, 25 m, N. E.
Bagneres. Castelnau de Montmirail, t, France, 6 ra. N. W.
GaUlac. Castelnau de Monlratier, t. France, 15 ra. N.
Montauban. Pop. 4,000.
Castelnau de Strefond, t, France, 11 m. N. W.
Toulous^.

C A S
Casklnaudary, t France, in Aude, 33 m. S. E,
Toulouse. Pop. 8,100.
Castelnuovo Torlonense, or di Scrivia, t. Milauj
on the Scrivia, 10 ra, N. Tortona-
Castigliole, t. Piedmont, 11 m. S. W. Savigliano.
Costiglione, t Tuscany, on a lake near the
coast It is famed for its raanufacture of salt 12
m. S, Massa. Lat 42° 52' N. One, Italy, 18 m.
N. Lucca ; one, Sardinian states, 20 m. E. Genoa ;
one, Naples, in principato Citra, 5 m. N. E, Sa
lerno ; one, Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 6 m. E. S.
E. Civita Borella.
Costiglione delle Stiviere, t. Lombardy, in Man
tua, It is surrounded 'with walls. 20 ra, N. W,
Mantua. Castignola, or Castigliola, t Piedmont, 8 m, W.
N. W. Coni.
Castile, Old, an extensive province of Spain in
closed between Arragon, New Castile^ Esfrema-
dura, Leon, Asturias, Biscay and Navarre. Its
form is that of an irregular triangle, whose ex
treme length is 60 leagues, and its breadth about
60. Burgos is the chief town. The wealth 'of
Old Castile, consists in its pasturage, which feeds
thousands of sheep, cows, and other cattie. The
merinos after winterii^ in the plains, find in the
mountains of this prorince a rich supply of food for
the summer months. The commerce consists ia
the transport of wool, and this takes place chiefly
by Burgos. Pop. 1,200,000.
Castile, New, a province of Spain, bounded N,
W. and N. by Old Castile, N. E. by Arragon, E-
by Valencia, S. E. by Murcia, and S, by Andalu
sia. The principal towns are, Madrid ; Toledo,
the provincial capital ; C uenca, the seat of a bish
op, Cuidad Real, Seguenza, and Talavera de la
Reyna. The residence of the court during the
last three centuries has had a very evident effect
on the improvement of Madrid, but very Uttie on
the province at large. The soil is naturaUy fer
tile, but the cultivation of it is neglected, and the
raineral treasures of the mountains remain unex
plored. The manufactures are, wooUen stufls,
silks, satin, aud velvet, hats, soap, earthenware,
and cutiery. Pop, 1,200,000,
Castillon, t. France, in Gironde, 25 m. E, Bour
deaux. Castillon de Medoe, t, France, on the Garonne.
34 m, N. by W. Bourdeau*.
CastiUonez, t France. 6 ra. E. Lauzun.
Castine, s-p. and cap, Hancock co. Maine, 122
m, E, N, E. Portiand. Lon. 68° 46' W. Lat 44°
24' N. Pop, 1,036. It is situated on a promonto
ry, nearly at the head of the east side of Penob
scot bay. It has an excellent harbour for any
nuraber of ships of Uie largest size, has bold -water,
and is accessible at all seasons of the year. The
proraontory is connected with the main by a nar
row isthmus. Castine has great sfrength from its
natural situation, and if proper batteries were
erected, might almost bid defiance to attack.
From the narrowness of the isthmus which con
nects it with the main, it could be insulated -with
out much labour or expense ; and this mode of
defence, in addition to strong batteries, would en:
able it to resist any force which would probably
be brought against it. The excellent harbor of
Castine ; its favourable situation for the entry of
prizes ; and above all, its geographical situation,
communicating in a few days sail with HaUfax,
and by a short route up the Penobscot, with Que
bec, giving a command of all the int^rmediatef

CAS
country frora the Penobscot to the St, Croix, ren
der it of the highest consequence as a military
position. This place was talcen by the British
during the late war, but was restored at the con
clusion of peace,
Castk Acre, t, Eng. in Norfolk; 5 ra, fr, Swaff-
ham, 95 fr, London,
Castk Carey, t. Eng, in Somerset, 12 m, S, E,
Wells. Castle Douglas, v. Scotland, in Kirkcudbright ;
9 m. N. Wigton.
Castle Dermot, t Ireland, in KUdare, 34 m. S.
W. Dublin.
Cas//e Donnington. See Donnington Castk.
Castle Hedingham, t. Eng. in Essex, 7 m, fr.
Brainfree. Castle Lehan, t. Ireland, 12 m. N. E, Cork,
CaMe Martyr, t Ireland, 12 ra. fr. Cork, 118fr,
DubUn, Castk Rising, t, and borough, Eng, in Norfolk,
5m,N, E,Lynn,
Castlebar, t Ireland, in Mayo ; 35 m, N, Galway,
Castlecomer, t, Ireland, 10 m. N. Kilkenny,
Castkford, t Eng, in Yorkshfre, 4 m, fr, Ponte
fract Castlehaven, t on the S, coast of Ireland, 19 m, S,
W, Bandonbridge,
Costkton, t, Eng, in Lancaster, Pop, 6,723, 1
m. S, Rochdale.
Castleton, t. Eng. in Derbyshire.
Castkton, p-t Rutiand co. Vt. 38 m. VV. Wind
sor. Pop. 1,428. Lake Bombazine is chiefly in
this town, and discharges itself into Castleton riv
er, which faUs into Putney river in Fairhaven.
Castkton, p-t. Richmond co. on Staten island,
N. Y. 9 ra. S. W, New-York, Pop, 1,301, Here
is the Marine Hospital, which can accommodate
2 or 300 sick ; and the Quarantine and Health
Establishments ofthe city of New- York,
Castleton, p-t, Rensselaer co, N, Y,
Castletown, or Caj//e Rushin, (an, Sodo) t Isle
of Man, Eng, Lon, 4° 40' W, Lat. 64° 5' N.
Castletown, v. Scotiand, 1 8 m. S. S. W. Jedburgh.
Castor, Madison co. Missouri.
Castor's River, Newfoundland, falls into St.
John's harbor.
Casioria, r. Turkey, empties into a lake in
Macedonia, after which it is called Vistritza.
Castravan Mountains, a branch from Mount
Lebanon, in Syria, 20 ra. S. Tripoli,
Castres, t France, fit the conflux of the Agout
and Thouret, 35 m, E. Toulouse, Lon, 2° 19' E,
Lat 43° 36' N, Pop. 12,400,
Ca*/ri, t Eu. Turkey, in Livadia, on the S, W,
side of Mount Parnassus, and the site of the an
cient Delphi.
Castricum, v. Netherlands, 6 m. S. S. W. Alk
maer. , ,
Castries, Bay of, on the E. coast of Chinese Tar
tary, in the channel or gulf of Tartary, which sep
arates that part of the continent from the island
of SaghaUen. Lat 51° 29' N.
, Castro, a duchy of Italy, in th? States of the
Church, lying between St. Peter's Patrimony,
the Mediterranean, Tuscany, the Orvietano, and
the river Marta. Castro, the capital, is near the
river Ospada, 10 miles from the sea ; 56 m. N. W.
Rome. Lon. 11° 35' E. Lat, 42° 33' N,
, Castro, t. Naples, on the gulf of Venice, 8 m, S,
E, Otranto,
Castro, (an, Mytilene) s-p. Island of Metelin, 30
m, S. W..Adramiti. Lon. 26° 28' E. Lat 39° N.
Castro, chief t. Leranos, Pop, 800 families. 21,

CAT

U9I

C^tro Gem,t and county, Spain ; 20 m.W, Bur
gos, Castro Giovanni, t, Sicily, 40 m. W, Catania.
Lon, 14° 50' E. Lat 37° 30' N, Pop, 12,000,
Castro Marim, s-p, Portugal, on the Guadiana,
12 ra,E.N,E, Tavira,
Castro Nuovo, t, Sicily, 20 m, S, E, Palermo,
Costrop, t, Prussian states, 27 ra, S, S, W, Mun
ster, Castropol, t, Spain, 14 m, E, Mondonedo,
Costro Vireyna, province, Peru, bounded N,
W, by Cunete, N, by Yauyoo, N, E, by Angiraes,
and Huamanga-and-Huauta ; W, by VUcas Hua-
raan ; S, W. by Lucanas and lea, Castro Virey
na, the capital, is 60 aa, fr, Lima. Lon. 74° 44'
W, Lat, 13° 49' S,
Castua, t. Istra, 30 ra, S, E. Trieste.
Caswell, CO. in the N, partof N. C, Pop, 11,767.
Slaves, 4,299, Chief t Leesburg, AttheCourt-
House is a post-oflice.
Cat Island, one of the Baharaas, the first land
discovered by Columbus, who called it St. Salvo-
dor. Lon. 76° W, Lat 24° 30' N,
Cotabamba, t Peru, and cap. of a province of
the same narae, 90 m. S. W. Cusco.
Catabaw river. See Wateree.
Catabaw Indians, 460 in number, reside on a
Reservation of 144,000 acres, granted by the Pro
prietary government, on Catawba river. Lat.
34° 49 , on the boundary line between N. and S.
Carolina. 'Their ancestors were among the bra
vest and most generous enemies ofthe Six Nations.
Catabuhu, r. S, America, falls into the Rio Negro.
Catahula, p-t, Rapide co, Louisiana. Pop.
1,164. Catdhunk island. See Bussord' s-bay.
Catalina harbour, on the E. coast of Newfound
land. Lat 48° 38' N.
Catalonia, province, in the N. E. part of Spain,
bounded N, by the Pyrenees, which sepso'ate it
from France, E, by the Mediterranean, S, by Va
lencia, aud W, by Arragon, It far surpasses eve
ry pro-vince in Spain, in manufactures, commerce,
agriculture and industry. Vines are cultivated
on a very large scale. The other products are ol
ives, silk, hemp and flax, A great trade is carried oa* .
with the American colonies, Italy, the South of '
France,England,Holland,andthe North of Europe.
The Catalans manufacture woollens, silks an4
cottons, hats, leather, gunpowder, and hardware.
Catamaiu, r. Quito, faUs into the Pacific, in
about 4° 46' S. lat Near its mouth, it is caUed
Amotape. Cotamandoo, city, Hind, capf of Nepaul, in lat
27° 33' 3. lon, 85? 39' E, on the Bhagmutty riv
er, in one of the raost roraantic vallies in the
world. It is well supplied with every conven
ience of life, and is said to contain 50,000 persons.
The houses are built of bi'ick, of two, three, and
four stories, but, in general, have but a mean ap
pearance. Catamarca, S. Fernando de, city, S- America, iu
Tucuman. Lat 27° S.
Catanduanes, one of the Philippine islands, E.
of Luzon, Lon, 124° 30' E, Lat. 15° N,
Catania, a famous city of Sicily, in the Val De-
mona, beautifully situated on the E, coast of the
island, at the foot of Mount Etna, Although de
stroyed three times by the lava of the volcano, it
has always risen more splendidly from its ashes.
Most of the edifices possess an air of magnificence
unknown in any other part of the island. The
vicinity of Etna is the source of good and evil to

162

C A T

the Catanians ; producing a purity of cliniate ex
tremely favourable to ' health, and highly condu
cive to the culture of cora, vegetables, fruit, and
wine ; but, on the other hand, keeping np alarm,
frora the danger of eraption. In 1693, the whole
town was thrown down by an earthquake. The
lava, which is found here in iraraense quantities,
is used for building and paving. The harbor,
though one of the largest in the island, is not
much frequented. The exports are wheat, bar
ley, wines and oil. 35 m. N. Syracuse. Lat. 37°
30' N. Pop. about 50,000.
Cotanzaro, t Naples, cap. of Calabria Ultra.
Pop. computed at 10,900. 9 ra. N. E. SquiUace,
10 S. W. Belcastro. Lon. 15° 64' E. Lat. 38°
58' N.
Cataract River, N, America, falls into the Co
lumbia, about 200 miles from its mouth,
Cataraugus, co. the S, W. part of N, Y, bound
ed N, by Niagara and Genesee counties, E. by
Alleghany co. S, by Pennsylvania, and W, by Cha
tauque. Pop. 468,
Cataraugus, i. N, Y. faUs into lake Erie, 26 m,
S, Buffalo.
Catas Alias, v. Brazil, about 200 raUes N, E,
Rio Janeiro.
Catawessee, p-t. Northuraberland co. Pa, on the
E, branch ofthe Susquehannah, 20 m, N, E, Sun
bury, Pop, 1,934,
Coteau Cambresis, fortified t. France, 15 m. S.
E. Cambray, Lon. 3° 32' 56" E, Lat, 60° 6' 15"
N. Pop. 4,000,
Cathanse, r. Maine, runs into Merry-meeting-
bay, in Lincoln co,
Catharines, p-t, Tioga co. N. Y. 18 m. W.
Spencer. Pop. 836,
Cathem, Catema, Kadhema, Gran, or Koueit,
s-p, Arabia, in Lachsa, Lon, 48° 10' E, Lat, 29°
13' N.
Cathlakasnaps, Indians, 700 in number, at the
mouth of WaUaumut river, (raiscalled Multno
mah,) 80 m. from the mouth of Columbia river,
Cothlonamenamen, Indians, 400 souls, on an
island in the mouth of the Wallaumut, on Co-
lurabia river. This was once a very powerful
tribe, under a celebrated chief naraed Totekham.
Cathlapootk, Indians, 1,100 in number, oppo
site the Cathlakasaps, on Columbia river,
CaHf, el, t. Arabia, in Lachsa, near the Persian
gulf, 132 ra, S, Bassora, 420 S, Ispahan, Lon, 47°
16' E,
Catingoar, t Hind, 50 m. E, S. E, Hyderabad,
Catistobole, r. W. Florida, runs into the gulf of
Mexico. Lon, 85° 16' W.
Catknburg, t, Hanover, 16 m, S. S, E. Einbeck,
Catlettsburg, p-v. Greenup co. Ken.
Catmandu. See Cotamandoo.
Cttto, p-t Cayuga co. N, Y. ou Seuaca river, 24
m. N. Auburn. Pop. 1,075.
Caton, tEng. 4 m. N. Lancaster.
Cotrah, t. Hind, in Benares, 26 m. S, W, Mir-
zapore, Catrine, v. Scotland, 14 m. N. W, Ayr.
Catscreek mills, p-v, Washington co. Ohio,
Catskill, p-t. and cap, Greene co. N, Y, on the
Hudson, 33 m. below Albany, 6 below Hudson.
Pop, 4,245, Catskill village, is on Catskill creek,
and contains about 200 houses, the county build
ings, 2 houses of public worship, an academy,
and a bank.
Catskill, r. N.Y. runs into the Hudson, at Cats-
kill. Ua mouth makes a good harbor fbr sloops.
CatskiU mountains, N. Y, west of Hudson riv-

CAU
&, in the counties of Ulster, Green, Albanj^ and
Schoharie, The height of their summits has
been accurately estimated by Capt, Partridge,
Round top is 3,804 feet, and High Peak, 3,718 '
aboVe the sea.
Cattaro, t. Austrian empire, at the bottom ofthe
gulf of Cattaro, on the E, side of the Adriatic,
It is defended by a casUe and strong battiements,
and is inclosed with high rocks, 28 m. W. N. W.
Scutari, 30 S. S. E. Ragusa. Lou. 18° 68" E.
Lat 42° 22' N.
Cattegat, a large channel, between Jutland
on the W. the islands of Funen and Zealand
on the S. and the coast of Sweden on the E. It
communicates with the Baltic by the Sound and
the two Belts.
Cattorich, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 22 m, fr. Bo
roughbridge. Cattoun, an EngUsh settiement on the W. ceast
of Sumatra, Lon, 101° 45' E, Lat 3° 2ff Si
Cattwyck, two -vUlages of the Netherlands, in
Holland : one on the sea shore, 6 m. N, W. Ley-
den, called Catt-wyck op See ; the other near it
on the Old Rhine, caUed Cattwyck op Rhyn.
Catura, t. Syria, 16 m. N, Aleppo,
Catsenelnbogen, Old, t in the duchy of Nassau,
28 ra, W, N. W, Mentz. Lon. 7° 167' E. Lat.
50° 13' N.
Ca-po, La, t. Naples, 26 m, E, Naples,
Qauaehis, t Quito, on the Amazon, 90 m, N, E.
St, Joachim de Omaguas.
Cavade, lake, Tyrol, 12 m. W, N. W. Trent.
Cavado, r. Portugal, falls into the Atiantic, be
low Braga.
Cavaglia, v. Piedmont, 16 m. W. VerccUi.
Cavaillon, (an. Cobellio,) t France, on the Du
rance, in Vaucluse, 12 m. S. E. Avignon. Pop.
7,000. Cavaillon, t. St Domingo, 5 leagues W. by S.
St. Louis.
Cavala or La Cavale, s-p. Eu. Turkey, on the
Archipelago. Lon. 24° 48" E. Lat 40° 43' N.
Cavaleri, isl, Eu, Turkey, in the .4rchipelago.
Lon, 24° 10' E, Lat 38° 7' N.
Cavalier Maggiore, large v. Piedmont, 19 m. S.
Turin. Cavaliere, Cape, on the coast of Caramania.
Cavalley, islands near the coast of New Zea
land. Lon. 186° 42' E. Lat 36° 3' N.
Cavan, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Fermanagh,
E. by Monaghan, S. by Longford, Meath, and
Westmeath, and W. by Leitrim. Pop. in 1801,
90,000. Cavan, t. Ireland, cap. of Cavan co. 54 m. N.
W. DubUn,
Cavana, t. Peru, in Cusco, 100 m. S. W. Cusco.
Cararsere, t. Venetian territorv, on the Adige,
16 m- N. E, Rovigo,
Cara.sa/ej, t Cuba, 120 m, E. Havannah.
Caub, t. Gerraany, in Uie duchy of Nassau, on
the Rhine, 20 m. S. Coblentz. Lon. 7° 40' E. Lat.
53° 50' 3 " N.
Cauca, t Spain, in Old Castile, 18 m, N. Se
govia. Cauca, I-. S, America, rises near Popayan, be
tween the great western and raiddle ridges of the
Andes ; and after a northerly course of about 500
railes, falls into the Rio Magdalena, in lat, 9° N,
Caucasus, a vast chain of raountains in Asi^
commencing near tiie mouth of the "Kuban, on
the Black sea ; and running S, traverses Mingre
lia and Georgia, and afterwards turning east,
runs along the W. shores of the Caspian sea, and

CAW
Uirough the Persian provinces, Daghestan and
Shirvan. Thence it pursues an easterly course
under other names, till it joins the immense range
known by the name of Hindoo Koosh. Part of this
chain is covered" with perpetual snow.
Caucasus, Government of, a province of Russia,
bounded N. by Saratov, Ekaterinoslav, aad the
couutry of the Don Cossacks ; E, by the Caspian
sea, and the river Ural ; S. by the Persian and
Turkish dominions, -and the territories of inde
pendent tribes ; and W. by the sea of Azoph, and
province of Taurida, The inhabitants consist of
numerous tribes, some of them scarcely admitting
the supremacy of Russia, It consists of two prov
inces, Caucasus aud Astracan,
Cauchumili, Turkish isL in the Mediterranesm,
Lon, 26° 24' E, Lat. 36° 30' N,
Caudar, r. Spain, runs into the Xucar, above
Cuenca. Coudfibec, t France, on the Seine, 18 m. W.
Rouen ; one on the Seine, in Eure.
Caudecoste, t France, 7 m. S, E, Agen,
Catidete, t. Spain, in Valencia, a league from
ViUena, Pop, 6,000,
Caudies, t France, 27 m, W. N, W. Perpignan,
Cavendish, p-t, Windsor co, Vt, 10 m, S, W,
Windsor, Pop, 1,296.
Caversundrum, t Hind. 23 m. N. N. W. Gaudi-
ootta. Caverypatam, t. Hind. 12 m, S, Tanjore,
Caverypatam, t. Hind, in the Mysore, 103 m,
E, Seringapatam.
Caxeri/porum, t Hind. 85 nj, S, E, Seringapatam,
Caveshill, p-v. Orange co. Va.
Caugmahry, t and fetrict, Bengal. Lat. 24°
16' N. Lon. 89° 48' E.
Caughnawaga, p-v. Montgomery co. N. Y.
Cavidna, isl. in Uie mouth ofthe Amazon, about
120 miles in circumference.
Caviana, t. Brazil, 25 m. S. W. Para.
Cavite, t in the island of Luzon, 9 m. S. W.
ManiUa, Lon. 121° E, Lat 14° 29' N,
Caulobagh, t Afghanistan, on the Indus, In
tiie vicinity are large rocks of pure salt Lou,
70° 46'E, Lat Sapl I'N,
Caumont, t France, 20 m. S, W. Caen,
Caunumt, t. France, on the Durance, 8 m, E,
by S. Avignon.
Caune, La, t France, 21 m. E. N. E. Castres,
Caunes, Les, t. France, 25 ra, W, Narbonne,
Caungtass, Point, on the W, coast of Ireland,
Lat 51° 68' N.
Ccunsrahead, cape, on the W, coast of Ireland,
Lat. 52° 8' N,
Cavor, t Piedraont, 8 ra, S, by E, Pignerol,
Cauquenes, r. CMU, faUs into the Maule.
Caussade, t France, 35 ra. N. Toulouse.
Cauten, r. ChiU, falls mto the Pacific, iulat 39°
20' S.
CaiUerets, v. France, 26 m, S, W. Tarbes,
Cautery, r. Hind, in Tanjore, passes through
the Mysore, and falls into the sea by several
mouths, after a course of nearly. 400 miles,
Caumpore, t Hind, in Allahabad, on the Gan
ges, in lon. 80° 21' E. lat 26° 3ff N. on the high
road between Culpee and Lucknow. The Brit
ish military cantonments are in its vicinity, and
contain good barracks for three regiments of cav-
.alry, one battalion of artillery, two European re-
giraents, and six battallioiis of native infantry. 50
m. S. Lucknow.
Cttwood, t Eng, in Yorkshire, on the Oase» 12
m. S. W. York.

C A Z

163.

¦ Cawthome, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. from
Barnsley. Caxamarca, city, Peru, and cap. of a province
of the same name. Lat, '6° 54' S, Pop. 2,000.
CaxamarquUla, city, Peru, and cap. of a pro-
vincie of the same name ; lies S. E. of Caxamarca,
in lat 7° 36' S. The population of the province is
8,000. Caxatambo, city, Peru, and cap, of a province
ofthe same name, lies 160 m, N, of Lima, in lat,
10° 27' S,
Coxton, t. Eng, 10 m. from Cambridge.
Caya, r. Spain, in Estremadura, falls into Uie
Guadiana near Badajos ; another in Catalonia,
runs into Uie Mediterranean near Tamarit.
Cayagon, Sooloo Isles, a cluster of islands in the
Eastern seas, lying off the N. E. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 118° 50' E. Lat, 7° N,
Cayahoga. See Cayuga, and Cuyahoga.
Cayambe, or Cayambe-Urcu, one of the loftiest
summits of the Andes, in the E, chain of the Cor
dilleras. 60 m, N, W. Quito. It is 20,000 feet
above the level ofthe sea.
Cayenne, isl. in French Guiana, 18 ra. long and
10 broad, separated from the main land by the
river Cayenne. The soil is fertile. Lat 5° N.
63° 16' W.
Cayenne, cap. of French Guiana ; is on the
N. point of the island of Cayenne. It has a
large and convenient port. Lon. 62° 16' W. Lat
5°N. Cayenne, r. French Guiana, falls into the At
lantic, in lat 4° 65' N.
Cayes, Les, s-p. St. Domingo, 13 leagues W. by
S. St. Louis. Lat, 18° 12' N,
Cayeux, t. on the N, coast of France, 6 m, W.
St. Valery.
Caymans. See Caimans.
Caymites. See Caimites.
Cayne, i: Wales, falls into the Severn, 4 m. W.
Newtown. Caya, t Wales, in Caermarthen co. 6 m. from
Llan-dovery. Cayster, r. Natolia, flows into the sea near Eph
esus. Cayte, r. Brazil, falls into the sea, in lat 0° 50'
S. Ion. 46° 40' W.
Cayuga, co, (N,Y,) E, of Cayuga lake ; bounded
N. by Lake Ontario and Oswego co. ; E. by Os
wego, Onondaga and Cortlandt cos. ; S.by Tomp
kins CO. and W. by Cayuga lake, and Seneca and
Ontario COS. Pop. 29,840. Chief town, Auburn.
Cayuga, p-v. in Aurelius, Cayuga co. N. Y. The
village cS East Cayuga stands on the east side of
CayugdWake. A bridge crosses the lake, at this
place, ajid a steam-boat plies the lake to Ithaca.
Cayuga Lake, between Cayuga and Seneca cos.
N. Y. 40 miles long, and from 1 to 4 broad. Its
outlet is Seneca river.
Cayuga creek, Niagara co. N. Y. themost north
ern fork of Buffalo creek.
Cayuta, t Tioga co, N,'Y, 10 m. N. Spencer.
Casa Forte, a fort of BrazU, in Goyas, on the
Tooantins. 380 ra, N. N. E. Villaboa.
Casa/, t, Arabia, 80 ra. N. E. Medina.
Casalioub, v. NatoUa, 24 ra. N, W. Kutayeh.
Cazals, t. France, 9 m. S, W. Gourdon.
Cazaubon, t. France, 25 m. W. Condom.
Coze, t, Arabia, iu Hedsjas, 95 ra. S. E. Mecca,
Casenovia, p-t and cap. Madison co. N. Y. 40
m. W, Utica, 130 W. Albany. Pop. 3,161. ttis
a plea'Biit and flourishing town, and contains a

164

C E L

courthouse, a jail, a house of public worship, and
a bank. Caseres, t. France, on the Garonne, 33 m. S.W.
.Toulouse. ' Cttsobla, t. Spain, in Andalusia, on the Guadal
quivir. Cazzan, t. Arabian Irak, on the Euphrates, 55
m. W.Bagdad.
Coszola, isl. in the Adriatic. Lat, 43° 8' N.
Ceo, t Spain, 23, m. E. S. E. Leon.
Cecil, t, WEishington co. Pa. Pop, 1,167,
Cecil, CO, Md, on the Eastern shore ofthe Ches
apeake ; bounded N, by Pennsylvania, E, by Del
aware, S. by Kent co. and W. by the Chesapeake.
top. 13,066. Slaves, 2,467. Chief town. Elk-
ton. Cecina, r. Italy, falls into the Tuscan stja, be
tween Leghorn and Piorabino.
Cedar, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Cedar creek, hundred, Sussex co. Del. Pop.
8,874. Cedar creek, Rockbridge co. Va. runs into James
river. The Natural Bridge over this creek, is 12
m. S, Lexington, It is one ofthe greatest curiosi
ties in the world. The river runs through a
chasm which is 90 feet -wide at the tops The
sides are 260 feet high^ and almost perpendicular.
The bridge is a huge rock thrown across this
chasm at the top. It is 60 feet wide, and covered
¦with earth and trees. It forms a subUme specta
cle, when beheld from the margin ofthe creek.
Cedar creek, runs into the Missouri from the N.
in St. Charles co. Missouri.
Cedar-creek mouth, p-v. FrankUn co. Ken.
Cedar Lake, N. America, 60 ra, E, Lake Win-
nipic, with which it is connectedby the Saskatch-
iwine. Lon. 100° 5' W. Lat 53° 8' N-
Cedar Lake^ (Red,") N. Araerica, from which
proceeds one of the branches ofthe Mississippi, in
lat 47° 27' N.
Cedar point, cape, Md. on the W. side of Ches
apeake bay, at the mouth of the Patuxent.
Cedar point, s-p. Charles co, Md. on the Poto
mac, 12 ra. S. S. E. Port-Tobacco.
Cedars, v. Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 30 m.
above Montreal.
CedarviUe, p-v. Cumberland co. N J.
Cedogna, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 12 m,
N, W.MeM.
Cefalu, t Sicily, 30 m. E, Palermo,
Cehegin, t. Spain, 37 m. W. Murcia.
Ceilles, t France, 35 ra. N. W. MontpeUer.
Ceira, t Portugal at the mouth of the river
Ceira, 3 m. S. E. Coimbra,
Ceiseriat, t, France, 6 m, E, S. E. Bourgen
Bresse, Celano, t, Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, near lake
Celano. 16 m. W. Salmona. Lon. 13° 27 E.
Lat 42° 6'N.
Celaya, t. Mexico. Lon, 101° 5' W. Lat 21°
N. , . ¦
Celbridge, t freland, 10 m. from Dublin.
Celebes, isl. in the £. Indian sea, of a very ir
regular figure, about 500 mUes long. It con
sists of three large peninsulas. Immense bays
arc formed between the peninsulas, affording
secure harbors for shipping. The inhabitants
are computed at 3,000,000. They ai'e of a
copper colour. The men are described as suspi
cious, cruel, and ferocious ; but ingenious, brave,
and high-spirited, and daringin adventure. Their
martial character is celebrated all over the East
ern soaa. They generally profess a corrupted form

C E N
of the Mahometan religion. They are adyentii:
rous navigators, frequenting aU places in the
Eastern seas. Their piracies inspire dread among
the neighbouring islanders. The trade consists in
the exportation of gold, tortoise-shell, sago, rice,
and cotton cloths, aud in the importation of arms
and ammunition, iron and steel, blue and white
cloth. The island is caUed Negree Oran Buggess
and Tanna Macassar, by the natives. Itis parti-
tinned into several political divisions, which are
governed by different rajahs or chiefs, respect
ively independent in their own territories. Many
towns are seen along the coast, of which Macas
sar, where there is a Dutch settiemejit, is the best
known. Lon. 116° 40' to 121° 40' E. Lat 3° N.
to 5° 10' S.
Ceknito, r. Calabria, runs into the gulf of Ta-
rento. Celindro, s-p. Asia Minor, 54 m. N. Cerino, in
the island of Cyprus.
Celk, t France, 6 m. E. Thiers ; one, 10 m, fr,
MouUns ; one, 6 m. fr. St Almand ; one, in Aube,
ou-the river Ource.
CeUefrouin, t France, 9 m, N. Rochefoucault
C'c//e», t France, 10 m. S. E. Niort
Celks, t. Netherlands, 1 1 m. N, E. Tournay.
CeUes, t. France, 12 m. W. Ramorantin.
Celorico, t. Portugal, 9 m. N. W, Guarda,
Cenchrea, in Sac. Geog. See Coritiih.
Ceneda, (an. Acedum,) t Venetian territory,
10 m, S, Belluno.
Cenia, r, Spain, runs into the Mediterranean, 8
ra. N, E. Peniscola.
Cenis Mount, a high mountain of the Alps, in
Savoy, between Turin and Chamberry, at au
equal distance from both. Across this mountaiB
is one of the most important passes of the Alps,
opening a communication between Savoy and
Piedraont. Cenis, or Mont Cenis, t France, 10 m. S. Au
tun. Centale, v. Piedmont, 5 m, N. W. Coni.
Centellas, t Spain, in Catalonia, 10 m. S. Vi-
que. Centinel, Great and Little, islands in the bay of
Bengal. Lon. 92° 30' E. Lat 11° 36' N.
Cento, t States of the Church, 13 m. N. N. W.
Bologna. '
Centorbi, (an. Centuripa,) t Sicily, 29 m. W.
N. W. Catania.
Centre, co. Pa. boimded N. by Lycoming co, E,
by Northumberland co. S, by Mifflin and Hunting
don counties, and W, by Clearfield co. Pop. 10,681.
Chief t Bellefonte,
Centre, t Butler co. Pa. Pop. 742.
Centre, t Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 777.
Centre, t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 1,590.
Centre, t Columbiana co.Ohio.
Centre-furnace, p-v. Centre co. Pa.
Centre-harbor, p-t. Stratford co, N, H, at the
end of lake Winnipiseogee, 30 m. N, Concord,
Pop, 349,
CentremUe, p-v, Crawford co. Pa.
CentreviUe, p-t, and cap. Queen Anne co. Md,
12 m, S, Chestertown ; at the head of Corsica
creek, which flows into Chester river. The pub
lic buildiugs are a court-house and jail, a house
of public worship for Methodists, and an acad
emy, CentreviUe, p-v, Fairfax co, Va,
CentreviUe, p-v, Pendleton disfrict, S, C.
CentreviUe, p-t, Livingston co. Ken, Here is an
academy.

CER
Centrei-ille, t, Fairfield co, Ohio, 14 m, N, W.
Lancaster, 14 S, E, Columbus.
CentreviUe, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 9 m. S.
Dayton. CentreviUe, t. GaUia co. Ohio, Pop, in 1815,
470. CentremUe, p-t, and cap. Wayne co, Indiana,
Cephalonia, the largest of the islands forming
the Ionian republic, is in the Mediterranean, N. of
Zante. It is 40 mUes long, and from 10 to 20
broad. The soil is of great natural fertility. The
principal productions are raisins, currants, oil,
wine (particularly the kind called muscadel),
citrons, melons, pomegranates, and cotton. The
principal manufacture is coarse cotton cloth. The
inhabitants own about 250 smaU merchant ves
sels, which trade to the Levant, Apulia, and oth
er districts bordering on the gulf of Venice. Ar-
gostoti, the chief town, has one of the best har
bors in the Mediterranean- The imports consist
chiefly of corn, wooUen cloths, linen, sugar, and
hardware. Pop. 60,000, raostly Greeks. Lon.
20° 40' to 21° 18' E. Lat, 38° to 38° 28' N.
Cephalonia, t on the ifland of Cephalonia, Lon.
20° 59' E. Lat. 38° 20' N.
Cepkisia, or Kephsa, t. Greece, on th^ Ce
phissus. Cepi/a, t. Pera, 60 m. N. W. La Paz.
Ceram, isl. in the Eastern sea, about 160 miles
long, and -40 broad. The clove tree formerly
flourished here ; but through the influence of the
Dutch it has been extirpated. Lon. 128° to 131°
E. Lat 3° 48' to 3° 33' S.
Ceram, v. Java, 56 m. W. Batavia.
Cerboli, isl, off the coast of Tuscany, Lon, 9°
35' E, Lat 42° 51' N,
Cercado, province, of Peru, bounded N, by
Chancay, N, E. by Guarochini, S, by Canete, and
W, by the Pacific.
iCerdmi, t France, 12 m. S, bourg en Bresse,
Cerenee, t France, 1 m. S, Coutances,
Cerens, t. France, 10 m. S. Le Mans.
Ccrenso, t Naples, 30 m. E. Cosenza.
Ceret, t. France, 15 m, S, W, Perpignan,
Cerf, Isle au, small isl, in the St, Lawrence, at
the confluence of the river des Prairies,
Cerignola, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 28 m,
S. E, Manfredonia. Lon, 16° 56' E. Lat, 41° 13'
N, Pop, 12,000. -
Cerigo, or Cheriga, (an. Cythera,) one of the
seven islands in the Mediterranean, which eora-
pose the Ionian republic. It lies S. ofthe Morea,
frora which it is separated by a narrow strait. It
is 17 miles long, and 10 broad ; and is, in general,
arid, and little cultivated. There are raised,
however, small quantities of corn, wine, oil, flax,
and cotton. Pop. 10,000. Cerigo, the chief
town, is a small place, near the S. coast. Lon.
22° 57' E. Lat. 36° Iff N.
Cerigoito, (an. Egilia,) islet in the Ionian sea,
midway between Cerigo and Candia.
Cerino, s-p. on the N. coast of the island of
Cyprus, situated in a fertile district, which a-
bounds in grain and cotton, and olive, mulberry,
fig, and other fruit trees. Lon. 35° 35' E. Lat.
36° 30' N.
Cerisay, t. France, 7 m. S. S. E. Chatillon sur
getre. Cerisola, v. Piedraont, 5 m. E. Carmagnola.
Cerisy, t. France, 8 m. E. S. E. Coutances ; one
7 m. N. E. St Lo,
Cenia, r. Piedmont, runs into the Sesia, 3 m.
N.W. VerceUi,

C E Y

165

Cemay, t France, 18 m, N, E, Befort,
Cerne, or Ccnie Abbas, t, Eng, in Dorset, 7 m,
N, Dorchester,
Cemety, v, Switzerland, 24 ra, S, E, Coire,
Cemobio. (an, Ccenobium,) t. Lorabardy, in
Milan, on the lake of Como, near the town of
Como, Cemy, t, France, 7 ra, E, Estampes,
Cerrito, t. Naples, 18 m, W, N, W, Benevento,
Cerro do Frio, or the Cold Mountains, a district
ofthe province of Minas Geraes, in Brazil, chiefly
reraarkable for its diamond mines.
Cerros, isl, in the Pacific, on the coast of Cali-
fomia, Lat, 28° 8' N,
Certaldo, t. Tuscany, in the Siennese,
Cervoro, t. Naples, 9 m, E. N. E. Policastro.
Cervera, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 30 m, N, Tarra
gona; one, 7 ra, fr, Talavera; one, 10 m.N. Ro
sas ; one, 50 m. E. N. E. Leon; one, 16 ra. S. S. E.
Calahorra. Cervera, Cape, Spain, in lon, 3°3'E, and lat.
42° 26' N. ; another, in lon. 0° 46' W, and lat, 37°
38' N,
Cervia, t. States of the Church, 10 m, S, E.
Ravenna, Cervin, Mont, raountain, Switzerland, near
Mont Blanc, It is 13,846 feet above the level of
the sea,
Cervini Isles, in the Adriatic, belonging to
Austria, Cervon, t. France, 17 ra, S, E, Clamecy,
Cesora, r. New Granada, faUs into the Magda
lena, in lat. 8° 46' N,
Cesarea. See Ccesarea.
Cesarea Creek. See Cohansy.
Cesena, t. States of the Church, 18 ra, S, Ra
venna, Cesenatico, s-p. States of the Church, on the
gulf of Venice, 16 m. S. E. Ravenna.
Cesi, t. States of the Church, 6 m. N. Narni.
Cessenon, t. France, 9 m. N. Beziers.
Cestos. See Sestos.
Cesy, t. Palestine, 6 ra, S, Saphet,
Cetina, r. Dalraatia, falls into the gulf of Ve
nice, Cetina, t Dalmatia, 30 m. N. E, Spalatro,
Cetan, t. France, 30 ra, E, S, E. Alencon,
Cetraro, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, 21 m, N.,
N. W, Cosenza,
Cette, or Sette, s-p, France, 18 ra, S, W, Mont-
peUier, Lon, 3° 41' 6" E, Lat, 43° 23' 37" N.
Pop, 8,000,
Ceva, t. Piedmont, on the Tanaro, 40 M, W.
Genoa, Lon. 8° 15' E, Lat 44° 23' N,
Ceveknes. See Sevennes.
Cevio, t, Switzerland, 10 ra, N, Locarno,
Ceuta, s-p, and fort, Morocco, opposite Gibral
tar, Lon. 5° 11' W. Lat. 35° 38' N.
Ceylon, a large island in the Indian sea, sepa
rated from the coast of Coromandel by a channel,
called the Straits of Manaar, Its general outiine
resembles the shape ofa pear ; its extreme length
is about 300 miles, and its breadth 140. This
island is named Cingala by the natives, who
are thence denominated Cingalese, The cli
mate, in some parts, is hot and oppressive;
in others, raore temperate and salubrious, —
The interior has a cUmate very desfructive to
Europeans, Great variety of minerals are
found here, as tin, lead, iron in abundance,
arid quicksilver. Precious stones are proba
bly more numerous and diversified than in any
other part of the world. The most extensive

166

C H A

pearl fishery on the globe is carried on in the
straits of Manaar, on the N, W. coast. The fi
nest fruits grow on the island. Oranges, lemons,
water melons, and cocoa-nuts, are plentiful, as
also pepper, coffee, and a speofes of the tea tree ;
but the raost valuable of all the Ceylonese plants
is the cinnamon tree, the principal plantations of
which lie near Colurabo, Snakes of an enormous
size, and sorae, of the most venomous species, are
found on the island. The elephants of Ceylon
are highly celebrated for strength and sagacity.
The inhabitants seem to be ofthree distinct races,
the Veddahs or Beddahs, the native Cingalese, and
the offspring of foreigners by alliances with the
natives. Of the first, very littie is known raore
than that they are a very wild people, subsisting
chiefly by hunting and the spontaneous produce
of the woods. The Cingalese have a language,
and use characters peculiar to themselves.
The religion of Ceylon is the worship of Boodli,
The number of native Protestants is about 150,000,
and of Roman CathoUcs 50,000, Formerly the
number was much greater, but of late multitudes
have relapsed into idolatry.
This island was visited by the'Portuguese in 1506,
who maintained their superiority here during 153
years, when they were expelled by the Dutch.
The Dutch settlements were captured by the
British in 1796, and the conquest of the island was
completed in 1815, by the subjection of the king
of Candy, See Candy. It is now constituted into
one of the British governments of India, Pop,
1,500,000, In 1816, the American Board of Commission
ers for Foreign Missions established a Mission in
the district of Jaffna, in the northern part of the
island. In 1820, it consisted of 6 ordained mis
sionaries, a physician, and a printer. It occupies
two principal stations, Tillipally and Batticotta,
and has especially assigned to it six large parishes,
with ancient buildings and lands devoted to reU
gious use,and containing a dense pagan population.
It is advantageously situated for communication
•with the different parts of the island, and with the
populous province of Southern India, and for ex
tensive and efficient operations.
The missionaries, besides preaching the Gos
pel, have established 16 free sdiools, in which
about 700 children are instructed in the common
branches of education, and the principles of
Christianity. In addition to the free schools,
there is, at each station, a boarding school, consist
ing of youths taken under the parental care ofthe
missionaries, supported by the bounty of benevo
lent societies and individuals in America, and
bearing names selected by the respective donors.
In 1819, the nuraber of pupils in the boarding
schools was 48 raales and 9 feraales. In no part of
the heathen world, probably, can children be sup
ported and educated so cheaply, as in this part of
Ceylon. The sraall sum of 12 dollars is consid
ered sufficient for the entire support of one boy,
and boys can be obtained by the missionaries, to
the extent of the funds with which they may be
(iimished. Cezimbra, s-p, Portugal, 10 m, W, Setuval,
Cesy, t. France, 3 m. N. W, Joigny,
Chabaquiddick, isl, M ass, off the E, end of Mar
tha's vineyard,
Chabeuil, t, France, 9 m. S, E, Valence,
Chablais, a province of Savoy, with the title of
4uchy, extending along the southern bank of tha

C H A
lake of Geneva, as far as the Valais to the east;
on the west it is bounded by the territory of Ge
neva, Chablis, t, France, 10 m, E, Auxerre,
Chabris, t. France, 6 m, S, Romorantin,
ciutccu), port, in the island of Chiloe, S, Amer
ica, on the narrow channel between the island
and the raain land, Lat, 42° Iff S,
Chacewater, t. Eng. in CornwaU, 5 ra. W,
Truro, CAacAopoias, province, Peru, bounded E, by the
eastern ridges of the Andes, N. W, by Luya and
Chillaos, and W. byCaxaraarca.
Chacktook Bay, N, W, coast of America, S, of
Norton sound, between Cape Denbigh and Besbo
rough island,
Chacky, or Fort Hastings, fortifled t Hind, in
Bahar, Lon, 86° 25' E, Lat 24° 33' N,
Chaco, an extensive country of S. Araerica,
included within the limits of Uie viceroyalty of
Buenos Ayres; bounded N. by the country ofthe
Chiquitos Indians; E. by the Paraguay; S.-and
W. by the Spanish provinces of the viceroyalty.
It is 760 miles long from N. to S. and 450 broad ;
and consists of oue immense plain, watered by the
rivers Pilcomayo, Vermejo, and Salado. This
country is inhabited by uncivilized Indians, whom
all the efforts of the Spanish missionaries have
failed to reclaim from barbarity.
Choctaws, See Choctaws.
Chadenar, t. France, 4 m. fr. Pons.
Chadderton, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 6 m. from
Manchester. Pop, 4,133,
Chceronea. See Capranu.
Chagaing, city, of the Bfrman empfre, on the
N, bank of the Irrawuddy river, opposite Ava,
Lon, 96° E, Lat. 21° 54' N,
Chagford. See Chegford.
Chagny, t France, 11 m, N, by W, Chalons-sur
Saone. Chagre, a naidgable river, of S, America, in
the province of Panama, which falls into the
ocean, 30 m. W, S. W, PortobeUo, in lat 9° 18' N,
Lon, 80° 16' W, It is navigable for large barks
as far as Graces, where there is a wharf for un
loading, and where the royal custom-house is es
tablished. The greater part of the commerce
between PortobeUo and Panama, is conducted by
this river.
Chagrine, r. Ohio, runs into lake Erie, N, E, of
Cleveland, Chagrine, p-t. Cuyahoga co, Ohio, on lake
Erie, Chahaignes, t. France, 5 m, N, E. Chateau-dil-
Loir, Chaia, r. Siberia, runs into the Obe,
Chaibar, strong t Arabia, 152 ra. N. E. Medina.
Chaillac, t France, 12 m. S. S. W. Argenton.
Chaillond, t. France, 12 m. N. Laval.
Chailland, t Languedoc, 13 m. N. W. Privas.
Chailk les Marais, t. France, 11 m. S. W. Fon
tenay le Comte,
Chailles sous les Omieaux, t France, 10 m, E.
Sable, Cliailkvette, t France, 5 ra, S. Marennes.
Chaingy, t France, 5 m. W.Orleans.
Chain Island, iu the Pacific. Lon, 145° 60' W.
Lat. 17° 23' S,
Chain-Shot Island, near the coast of N, C, Lon,
76° 36' W, Lat 34° 55' S,
Chaise Dieu, La, t, France, 12 m, E, Briondf.
Cholabre, t France, 14 m. S. W. Liraoux.

C H A
Chalais, t, France, 5 m, W, Aubeterre.
Clmlamont, t. France, 16 m. S. Bourg-eu-
Bresse. Chalawaz, or Jahalawar, a district of Hind, in
the province of Gujerat.
Chalco, t Mexico, 18 m, S, E, Mexico,
Chaldea, in Sac, Geog, a country of Asia, be
tween 30° and ^6° N, lat and 46° and 49° E, lon.
In its lai'gest sense, it was Ijounded E, by the Ti
gris, N, by Mesopotamia, W. by Arabia Deserta,
S. by the Persian gulf and Arabia-FeUx. f7r and
Carcliemish were among its cities.
Chaleurs-Bay, a large bay between New Bruns
wick and Lower Canada, coraraunicating with the
gulf of St. La'wrence.
Chalgrove Field, Eng. in Oxfordshire.
ChaUgny, t, France, 5 ra. S, W. Nancy.
Chalin, r. Russia, flows into the Karskoi sea.
Lon. 71° 14' E. Lat 73° 5' N,
Chalk level, p-v. Pittsylvania co, Va,
Chalin, t. France, 15 m, W. Angers.
Chalmers, Port, Montague island, in Prince
William's sound, Lon, 213° 22' E, Lat, 60°
16' N.
Chalo, r. Asia, rises near Lassa, and erapties
into the gulf of Cochin China, opposite the isl
and of Hainan,
Chaknne, t. France, on the Lofre, 12 ra. S, W,
Angers. Pop. 6,000,
Chalons, t France, onthe Mame, cap. of Mame.
There are here woollen raanufactures and tanne
ries. The principal objects of trade are corn and
wine; 25 ra. S. E, Rheims, 103 E, Paris. Lon, 4°
22' E. Lat 48° 57' 16" N. Pop, 11,000.
Chalons, t. France, on the Saone, It is the see
ofa bishop; 170 ra. N, Lyons, 214 S, E.Paris,
Lon, 4° 51' 8"E, Lat 46° 46' 63" N, Pop. 9,000,
Chaloa, v, Thibet, Lon, 89° 16' E, Lat, 28°
18' N.
Chains, t France, 17 ra, S, W, Liraoges,
Cham, t. Bavaria, 24 m. N. E, Ratisbon.
Cham, or Kohm, v, Switzerlandj 7 ra, S, Zug,
Chamah, t. Gold coast of Africa, Lat, 5° 6' N,
Chambah, district Hind, in Lahore, about 33°
N. lat Chambah, the cap. is 110 ra, N, E. La
hore, Chambave, t. Piedmont, 51 m, S,E. Aosta,
Chamberri, t cap, ofthe duchyof Savoy, is situ
ated in a fruitful valley at the conflux of the L'-
Aisse and D'Albans, 35 ra, E. S, E. Geneva, 56 E,
Lyons, Lon, 6° 66' E. Lat, 45° 34' N. Pop,
11,670. Chambersburg, p-t, and cap. Franklin co. Pa. on
Conococheaque creek; 46 ra- S. W, Harrisburg,
143 W. Philadelphia, 30 S. W, CarUsle, 76 N. W,
Baltiraore. Lon. 77° 32' W. Lat. 39° 57' N,
Pop, in 1818, 2,304. The situation is healthy,
and the surrounding country rich and highly cul
tivated. It contains a courthouse and jail, a bank,
an academy, and 7 houses of public worship. The
town is built principally on two large streets, in
tersecting each other at right angles, and leaving
a public square in the centre. Outhe creek there
are several mills and manufe-cturing estabUsh-
ments, Chamberlin, v. France, 6 ra. S. Dijon.
Chambly or Chamblis, t. France, 3 m, N, W,
Beaumont sur Oise,
Chambly, seignory, in Kent and Bedford cos.
Lower Canada, on the river SoreUe, 12 m, E. Mon
treal, Here is a fort, and a village of -abput 100
houses, ^
Chambly River. See Sorelle.

C H A

t67

Chamban, t. France, 3 m. W. Evaux ; one, 6
S. W. St. Etienne.
Chambord, v. France, in Loir and Cher, 10 ra,
E. Blois, Lon, 1° 3ff E, Lat, 47° 37' N,
Chambre, La, t. Savoy, 5 m. N, W, St Jean de
Maurienne, Chambrois, t. Normandy, 6 ra, W, Bemay,
Chomelet, t, France, 9 m, W, ViUefranche;
Chambouni, or Chamoix, v. Savoy, 42 m. S. E,
Geneva, Champagnac, t. France, 5 m. E, S, E, Roche-
Chouart ; one, 5 ra, N. E, Mauriac,
Champagne, forraerly a province in the E, of
France. The cluef products are corn, and the
famous wine, called Champagne ; and the pastur
age in some places is excellent. It now forms the
whole of the departments of the Ardennes, the
Marne, the Upper Marne, and the Aube, and the
greater part of those of the Yonne and the Seine-
and-Mame, Champagne, t. France, 6 m, S. E. Lucon ; one,
12 ra. N. W. Le Mans ; one, 10 m. N. BeUey ;
one, 10 ra. N. Riberac.
Champagne Mouton, t. France, 14 ra. W. Con-
folens. Chompagnole, t. France, 14 m. S. E. Poligny.
Champagny's Archipelago, islands on the N. W.
coast of New Holland.
Champah, the name ofa pass through the moun
tains, between Bahar and Bengal, in Hind. Lon;
85° 2ff E. Lat. 24° 30' N.
Champaign, co, Ohio, on Mad river, a branch
of Uie Miami. Fop. in 1815, 10,485. Chief town,
Urbanna. Champaneer, district, Hind, bounded N. by Go-
dra, E. by the territories of the Mahratta, S. by
Narbudda river, and W. by Baroach, Cliampa-
neer, the cap. is in lon. 73° 37' E. lat. 22° 31'
N. Champdeniers, t. France, 10 ra. N. Niort
Champenieres, t. France, 6 ra. N, E. Angou-
lerae. Champeon, t. France, 9 ra, N, E. Mayenne.
Champigny sur Vende, t. France, 7 m, S, Chi
non, Champion, p-t, Jefferson co, N. Y. on Black
river, at the head of the Long falls ; 52 ra, N,
Rome, 161 N. W, Albany, Pop. 1,471.
Champion, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 4 m. N. War
ren. Champion, the principal v. in Painesville,
Ohio. Champlain, p-t, and port of entry, Clinton co.
N, Y. on Lake Champlain, 15 ra, N. Plattsburg,
185 fr. Albany, Pop, 1,210. It is watered by
the Chazy, and contains numerous mills.
Champlain, Lake, between New- York and Ver
mont, Its whole length from Whitehall, at its
southern extremity, to its termination, 24 miles
N. of the Canada line, is 128 miles; its breadth
varies from half a raile to 16 miles. Its surface
covers about 600 square miles. The principal
streams which flow into it from the east, are the
Missisque, LaraoU, Onion, and Otter creek ; those
frora the west are the Chazy, Saranac, Sable, the
waters of Lake George, and Wood Creek. Tho
whole extent of country drained by these waters,
is between 6 and 7,000 sq, miles. There are sev
eral large islands in the northern part ofthe lake,
the principal of which are. North and South He
ro, and Isle Laraotte, The outlet of the lakeis
the river SoreUe, which runs N.into the St. Law-

ies

e H A

rence. About 800 tons of shipping are employed
on the lake, owned principally at Burlington, and
in the summer season a steamboat pUes from
'WhitehaU to St John's through its whole length.
A battle was fought on this lake on the 11th of
Sept, 1814, in which the American fleet, under
Commodore Macdonough, gained a complete vic
tory over the British,
Champlitte, t. France, 27 m, W, Vesoul,
Champos, t, France, 17 ra. N, E, Mauriac,
Chamusea, t, Portuguese Estremadura, 9 m, E,
Santareno, Chamuti, r. Naples, 6 ra. S, S, E. Gierace,
Chonae, t. France, 7 m, S, W, Mende.
Chanarminimuns, Indians, Columbia-river coun
try, on the S, W, side of Wappatoo island. No. 280,
Chanca, r. faUs into the Guadiana between
Portugal and Andalusia.
Chancay, province of Peru, bounded N. by
Santa, N. E. and N. by Caxatambo, E. by Canta,
and S. by Cereado. Chancay, the cap. is 46 m.
N. W. Lima.
Chauced'ux, t France, 18 m. N. W.Dijon.
Chanceford, p-t. York co. Pa. on the W. side of
the Susquehannah, opposite the mouth of Conos-
togo creek. Pop, 966,
Chanceford, (Lower) t. York co. Pa. Pop, 818,
Chaneelade, t. France, 3 ra, Nj W, Perigueux,
Chandail, district, Hind, in Allahabad, between
24° and 25° N, lat,
Chandanee, district. Hind, in Lahore, Chan-
donee, the cap, is in lat, 33° 24' N, lon, 74° 41'
E. Chandeleur Islands, in the gulf of Mexico, near
the coast of W, Florida, Lon, 88° 48' to 88° 58'
W, Lat 29° 30' to 29° 45' N,
Chandercoona, t. Hind, in Bengal. Lon, 87°
38' E, Lat 22° 44' N.
Chandergheri, t Hind, 15 m, S, Mangalore,
Chdndergunge, t. Hind, in Bengal, Lon, 91°
20' E, Lat 22° 65' N,
Chandernagore, or Fronsdunga, the principal
settlement of the French in Bengal, It is on the
W. banks of the Hoogly, 21 m, above Calcutta,
in lat, 22° 49' N, lon, 88° 26' E,
Chandgherry, t. and district of Hind, 72 ra, W,
N, W, Madras,
Chandgherry, t. Hind, 108 m, N. N, W, Serin
gapatam. Chandkrsville. See Jonesborough.
Chandor, t. Hind. 80 m, N. W, Aurungabad.
Chandra-Gupti, t. and fort of Hind. Lon, 76° 8'
E, Lat 14° 23' N,
Chandree, district and t. Hind, in Malwa. The
town contains about 14,000 houses, and is on the
river Bet«'ah, in lon. 78° 43' E. lat. 24° 48' N.
Changamah, t. Hind, 100 ra, S, W, Madras,
Changaprang, t. Thibet Lon, 86° 62' E, Lat.
31° 6' N.
Change, t. France, 3 ra, S, E, Le Mans ; one, 3
m, N, Laval,
Chang-tang, a province of China, bounded W,
and N. by the province of Pe-tche-U, S. by Kiang-
nan, E. by the Eastern sea, and N. E. by the gulf
of Pe-tchc-li, Pop, 24,000,000, Lat 34° 3ff to
38° N,
Changy, t. France, 1 1 ra. N. W. Roanne.
Chanmanning,- t. Thibet, 116 ra, W. Lassa,
Lon. 89° 2ff E, Lat. 30° 54' N,
Channel, English, that part of the Atlantic
ocean which divides England from France,
Chanonat, t France, 6 m,'S, Clermont.

C H A
Chanonry, t. Scotland, united with Rosemar-
kie, forms -For/rose, '
Chan-si, a prorince of China, bounded E, by
Pe-tche-U, S. by Honan, W. by Chen-si, and N.
by the great wall of China,
Chantagir, r. Siberia, runs into the Enesei. Lat
51° 5ff N.
Chantelk le Chateau, t. France, 10 m. N. W.
Gannat Chontenay, t. France, 16 m. W. S. W. Le
Mans. Chantilly, t France, in Oise, 5 m. W. Senlis, 25
N.Paris. 'Pop. 2,930.
Chantonnay, t. France, 12 m, W, La Chataig-^
naraye. Chantrigne, t. France, 9 m. N, Mayenne.
Chao-tcheou-fou, city, China, in the province of
Quang-tong, or Canton, 232 m. fr. Canton.
Chaource, t. France, 9 m. W, Bar sur Seine,
Chapala, lake, Mexico, 64 mUes long, and 15
broad, 15 m. S. Guadalaxara.
Chapel Allerton. See Allerton Chapel.
Chapel-en-k-Frith, t Eng, in Derbyshfre. Pop,
3,042; 44 m. fr. Buxton.
Chapel HiU, p-t Orange co. N. C. on New-
Hope creek, which runs into the Haw, a branch
of Cape Fear river, 27 m. W. Raleigh. The situ
ation is very healthy, in a high broken counfry.
It contains about 30 houses, besides the public
buUdings. Chapel Hill is the seat of the University of N.
CaroUna, which was incorporated in 1788, and
has been liberally patronized by the State. The
donations ofthe State consist of aU escheated prop
erty, all real property which accrued to the State
by confiscation during the revolutionary war, and
all debts due to the State prior to Dec 31st, 1800.
The trustees hold Ukewise, by the donation of in
dividuals, 40 or 50,000 acres of the best arable
land in 'Tennessee. Much valuable land is also
held within the State of North CaroUna. The
income of the stock in different banks is sufficient
to pay the salaries of the President and Faculty.
The college buUdings consist of a chapel, and 2
spacious edifices for the accommodation of stu
dents, all of brick, and dwelling houses for the
President and Faculty. The otficers of the col
lege in 1819, were a president, 4 professors, riz.
one of raatheraatics, one of chemistry, one of lan
guages, and one of rhetoric ; and 2 tutors. No. of
students 118. Attached to the coUege is an acade
ray, in which Uie preparatory studies are pursued.
Chapelizod, v. Ireland, 2J m. W. Dublin,
Chapel Key, isl, in the bay of Hondui'as, Lon.
88° 4ff W. Lat 18° N.
Chapelle Agnon, t. France, 6 ra. N. Ambert
Chapelk d'Angitlon, t France, 20 m. N. Bouiv
ges; Chapelle Aubry, La, t France, 8 m. S. St Flo-
rent Chapelle Basse, La, t. France, 9 m, N, E. Nan
tes, Chapelle Blanche, t. France, 3 m, fr. BourgueU.
Chapman's Bay, S. Africa, between Table bay
and the Cape of Good Hope,
Chaptico, p-t. St. Mary's co. Md.
Char, r. Eng. empties at Charmoutli.
Charabaun. Sec Cherihon.
Charadra, (an. Charadrus) r. Greece, traverses
the plain of MaraUion, and falls into the sea,
Charak, (an, Seroff) t Pei-sia, in Laristan, on
the Persian gulf,
Charanry, t, France, 10 m. W, S. W, Longway.

C H A
Charapoto, t Quito, 20 m, N, N, E, Monte
Shristo, Charasm. See Kharasm.
Charatan, 2 rivers, Howard co, Missouri, which
empty into the Missouri from the N, E. ; one, nav
igable 60, and one, 100 miles,
Charcas, or Chayanta, a province of S, Ameri
ca, in the Viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, bounded
N, by Cochabamba, E. by Mizque, S. by Potosi,
and W, by the Andes. The name Charcas, or
audience of Charcas, was forraerly applied to a
much more extensive territory, in the northern
part ofthe viceroy<ilty of Buenos Ayres,
Chard, t. Eng. in Soraerset, 15 ra. S, Taunton,
Chaidon, p-t, and cap, Geauga co, Ohio, 12 m,
S, E, from tiie mouth of Grand river, 160 N, E.
Columbus, Charedsch. See Karok.
Charente, (Caranionus) a large r, of France,
rises in Upper Vienne, and after a course of 100
raUes, faUs into the sea, about 8 m, below Roche
fort, opposite the island of Oleron, It is naviga
ble for large vessels to Rochefort,
Charente, La, a department of France, border
ed by Lower Charente, Deux, Sevres, Vienne, Up
per Vienne, and Dordogne, Pop,327,000, Extent,
2,240 sq. miles. It is divided into the five arron
dissements of Angouleme (the capital,) Cognac,
Barbezieux, Confolens, and Ruffee,
Charente, the Lower, or La Charente Inferieu-
re, a department of France, inclosed by the Atlan
tic and the departments of Gironde, Dordogne,
Charente, Deux Sevres, and La Vendee, Sq, raUcs
2,800, Pop, 393,000,
Charenton, t France, 4 ra. S. E, Paris.
Charette, p-t Montgomery co, Missouri, on the
N. side of the Missouri, 40 m. above St Charles,
Charia, or St. Adrian v, Greece, in the Morea,
7 m, N, W, Argos,
Charje, principal village in the Elwah, or
Great Oasis of Egypt Lon, 29° 40' E, Lat. 25°
5ffN, Charing, t Eng, in Kent, 7 m, W, Ashford,
Charite, La, t France, 13 ra, N, N, W, Ne
vers. Chariton, t Howard co. Missouri, on the N, side
ofthe Missouri, 20 m. W, Franklin.
Charkov, or ICharkof, t. Eu. Russia, cap. of the
government of Charkov. It contains 10 church
es, 2 convents, and a university ; 350 m. S. W.
Moscow, 640 S. S. E. St. Petersburgh. Lon. 36°
26' 32" E. -Lat 49° 69' 43" N. Pop. 11,000.
CAarfaw, a govemraent of Eu, Russia, bounded
N. by Kursk, E, by Voronetz, S. by Ekaterinos
lav, and W. by Pultava ; Sq. mUes, 13,000, Pop,
800,000, CAar/fritrg, t Eng, in Oxford, 5 ra, W, Wood
stock, Charkmont, t. Ireland, 8 m, N. Armagh,
Charlemont, p-t Franklin co. Mass, 14 m, W,
Greenfield, 107 W, N, W, Boston, Pop. 987.
Charlemonte, strong t, France, 10 m. N, Me
zieres, 24 S. W. Namur, Lon, 4° 50' E, Lat.
50° 7' N. Pop, 4,100,
Charleroy, t. and fortress of Netherlands, ou the
Sambre, 10 ra. E, N, E. Mons. Lon. 4° 32' E. Lat
50° 26' N.
Charles, co. on the W. shore of Maryland, be
tween Potomac and Patuxent rivers. Pop.
20,245. Slaves, 12,435. Chief town, Port. To
bacco. Charles, Cape, on the coast of Labrador. Lon.
55° 26' W, , Lat 620 25' N.
22

C H A

169

Charles, Cape, Va. the N. cape at the entrance
of Chesapealce bay. Lon. 76° 58' W. Lat. 37°
16' N.
Charles city, co. Va. between James river and
the Chickahominy. Pop. 6,186. Slaves, 3,023.
The court-house, where is a post-office, is 35 nj.
S. E. Richmond.
Charles Fort, Ireland, at the entrance of KLpsale
harbour. Charles Island, in Hudson's Straits, Lon, 79°
65' W, Lat 62° 4ff N,
Charles Island, in the straits of Magellan, 5 m,
S, S, W, Fortescue'sbay,
Charles river. Mass, flows between Charlestown
and Boston, and joins Mystic river in Boston har
bor. Its principal branch issues frora a pond bor
dering on Hopkinton,
Charleston, p-t, Montgoraery co, N, Y. on the
Mohawk, 10 m, S, Johnstown, 40 W, Albany,
Pop, 5,282. It contains 4 houses of pubUc wor
ship. Charleston, district, in the Lower country of S.
C. between Santee and Combahee rivers. Pop.
38,468. Slaves, 11,671.
Charleston, city and s-p. in Charleston district,
S, Carolina, 1 13 m, N, E, Savannah, 113 S, S, E,
Colurabia, 166 E. S, E. Augusta, 644 S, S, W.
Washington, Lon, 79° 54' W, Lat 32° 47' N,
Pop, in 1790, 16,359; in 1800, 18,712; in 1810,
24,711 ; of whom 11,668 were whites, and 13,043
blacks. It is built on the tongue of land between the
rivers Ashley and Cooper, which unite immedi
ately below the city, and form a spacious and con
venient harbor, communicating with the ocean
at SuUivan's island, 7 miles S, E, ofthe city. The
harbor has a bar at its mouth, through which are
two channels for sea vessels ; the deepest has 16
feet of water at low tide. The harbor is defended
by fort Moultrie, on Sullivan's island, and forts
Pinkney and Johnson, — Among the public buil
dings are a state-house, city hall, a custora-house,
theatre, orphan house, hospital, alrashouse, 6
banks, and 18 houses of public worship ; viz, 3
Episcopalian, 3 Presbyterian, 3 Methodist, 2 In
dependent or Congregational, 1 Lutheran, 1 Bap
tist, 1 French Protestant, 1 Friends, 1 Roman
Catholic, a Jew's synagogue, and an Orphan-house
church. The Orphan Asylum has grown up from
small beginnings, to be the raost respectable es-
tablishraent of the kind on the continent, A large
and handsome building has been erected, suffi
ciently spacious to accommodate 160 children, A
chapel is connected with this institution, where
aU the c|(ristian clergjr of the city perform divine
service in rotation. Among the other charitable
societies, are 2 fojp the relief of the widows and or
phans of clergymen; one of which is forraed by
members of the Episcopal church, and the other
by those ofthe Independent church ; each of them
has large funds. — The Library Society have a
well chosen library of 13,000 volumes, which is
increased annually by an importation of books to
the amount of about 300/. sterling,— The city is
regularly laid out in parallel sfreets, from 36 to 1(^
feet in width, running frora river to river, and in
tersected by others at right angles. The new
houses are of brick, and raany of them are ele
gant. The commerce of Charleston is exten-
si^ve and flourishing. It imports the foreign
goods consumed in S, Carolina, a considerable
part of N. Carolina, and a part of Georgia, It is
connected by a oanal 22 miles long, with Santee

170

C H A

river. In 1816 it was the fifth town in the' United
^ States, in amount of shipping, the number of tons
being 36,473, The city is regarded as raore
healthy than any part of the low country in the
Southern States, and during the sickly months is
the resort of rich planters from the country, and
the West Indies, 'The citizens of Charleston have
ever been distinguished for polished manners and
unaffected hospitality.
Charleston, p-t, and cap, Clarke co, Indiana, 33
m, fr, Madison, 2 fr. Ohio river, and 14 above the
aula. Pop, about 1,500,
.Charlestown, v. Scotland, 14 m. N, W, Edin
burgh, CJiarkstown, New, t, Penobscot co, Maine ; 20
»i, N. W, Bangor,
Charlestown, p-t Cheshire co. N. H, on Con
necticut river, 41 ra. W, Concord, 30 m. S, Dart
mouth college, 80 W, by N. Portsraouth, Lon,
72° 19' W. Lat 43° 14' N. Pop. 1,501. The
courts ofthe county are held alternately here and
at Keene, It contains a court-house and jail, and
a Presbyterian raeeting-house. The village is
Imudsomely built. There is a bridge here across
the river,
Charlestown, p-t, Middlesex co. Mass. 1 m. N. of
Boston. Pop. 4,959. The principal part of the town
is beautifully situated on a peninsula, forraed by-
Mystic and Charles rivers, which unite immedi
ately below in Boston harbor. A bridge across
Charles river connects the town -with Boston, and
two others across Mystic river, connect it with
Maiden, and with Chelsea. There is also a bridge
across a bay of Charles river, on the west side of
cthe town, connecting it with Cambridge. The
public buildings are, the state prison, the Massa
chusetts Insane hospital, an alms-house, town-
house, and 5 liouses for public worsliip, 2 for
Congregationalists, 1 for Baptists, 1 forUniversal-
ists, and 1 for Methodists. — A navy-yard of tiie
U. S. occupies the S. E. part of the town. Jt con
sists of about 60 acres of land, on which are erect
ed a marine hospital, a spacious ware-house, an
arsenal, powder magazine, and house for the ac
commodation of the superintendant, all of brick ;
and an immense wooden edifice, under which the
largest vessels of war are built The celebrated
battie of "Breed's hill, ' ' commonly, but inoori'ect-
ly called <' Bunker HiU battie," was fought in
this town, June 17, 1775.
Charlestown, p-t. Washington co. R. I, on the
sea coast, 19 m. S. W, Newport, Pop. 1,174. Here
are the rranains of the once famous Narraganset
tribe of Indians, They are reduced to about 400
souls, who have a Baptist church and a school.
Charlestown, p-t, Chester co. Pa, on the W.
side of the SchuylkiU, 7 ra. above Norristown.
Pop. 1,680.
Charlestown, p-t. Jefferson co, Va, 20 m. N. E.
Winchester, 8 S. Shepherdstpwn,- 63 fr. Washing
ton. Charlestown, t. Kcnhawa co, Va, on Uie Keiiha-
wa, near the mouth of Elk river.
Charlestown, Va, See Wellsburg.
Charlestown, t Mason" co. Ken, on the Ohio, at
the mouth of Laurens' creek, 6 ra. N. Washing
ton, 60 N. E. Lexington. Pop, 21 .
Charlestown, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 4 ra, W. Ra
venna, Cliarlestonm, chieft, ofthe island of Nevis, in
the W, Indies, Lon. 62° 4ff W, Lat, 17° 8' N.
C'harhviUe, t. France, ou tha Maeae, in Arden-

C H A
nea. Here is one ofthe 5 great manufactories of
arms in the kingdom ; 10 m. N. W. Sedan, 140 N.
E. Paris. Lon. 4° 48' E. Lat 49° 47' N. Pop.
7,700. Charlemlle, t. Ireland, 22 m. S. Limerick.
Charlieu, t. France, 11 m N. Roanne.
Charlotte, co. New-Brunswick ; bounded S. by
the bay of Fundy, and W. by the St. Croix and
Passamaquoddy bay, which separate it from
Maine. Chief town, St Andrews.
Cliarkttc, p-t Chittenden co. Vt on Lake
Champlain, 12 m. S. Burlington. Pop. 1,679.
Charktte, p-v. in Gates, Genessee co. N. Y. at
the raouth of the Genesee.
Charlotte, co. Va. on the head waters of the
Staunton river, S. W. of Richmond. Pop. 13,161.
Slaves, 7,597. Chief town, Marysrille. A post-
office is kept at the court-house.
Charlotte, p-t and cap. Mecklenburgh co.N.C,
44 m, S, Salisbury.
Charktte, p-t. and cap. Dickson co. Ten. about
30 m, W. NashvUle.
Charlotteburg, t Brunswick co, N. C, on an isl
and near the coast.
Charktte fort, S. C. at the junction of Tugaloo
and Broad rivers, the forks of Savannah river.
Lon. 82° 35' W. Lat. 34° N.
Charlotte haU, p-v. St Mary's co. Md. 65 m. S.
S. E. Washington.
Charlotte River, E. Florida, runs into the gulf
of Mexico. Lat 27° N.
Cliarlottenburg, t. Prussia, in the Middle Mark
of Brandenburg, on the Spree, 3 ra. W. Berlin.
Pop. 2,350.
Charktte' s Bay, on the S. E. coast of Nova-
Scotia. Lat 44° 35'N.
Charlotte's Town, t. IslEmd of St. John, in the
gulf of St. Lawrence.
CharlottesviUe, p-t and cap. Albemarle co. Va,
86 ra, W, N. W. Richmond, 40 S. E. by E. Staun-
ton, about 1 m. N. Rivanna river. A coU^e was
established at CharlottesviUe inl817,caUed Central
college. It forms part ofa grand plan of education
recently adopted in the Stateof Virginia. The buil
dings are not yet completed, but tiiey are said ts
surpass, in elegance of design, audbeauty of archi
tecture, every thing ou this side of the AUantic.
See Virginia.
Charhtteville, t Norfolk co. Up. Canada, on
lake Erie.
Charlton, p-L Worcester co. Mass, 15 m. S.W.
Worcester, 60 S. S. W. Boston. Pop. 2,180.
Charlton, p-t Saratoga co. N. Y. 8 m. W. Balls-
ton, 26 N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,946.
CharUan Island, Hudson's bay. Lon. 80° W-
Lat. 52° 12' N.
Charmes, t. France, 15 m. S. Nancy.
Charmont, t. France, 14 m, N, E, Vitry,
CharmouOi, v, Eng, in Dorset, 3 m, E, Lyme-
Regis, Chamet, r. Eng, flows into tiie Doye,
Charolks, t France, 21 m, E. S. E, Bourbon-
Lancy, Charon, t France, 9 in. N, Rochefort
Charon, r. Up, Canada, runs into lake Superior.
Lon. 85° W,
CharosI, t, France, 7 m. N, E, Issoudun,
Charrour, t France, 24 m. S, Poitiers; one, 6
m. N. W, Gannat,
Charlier's creek, Pa, runs into the Ohio, from
the S. 5 m. below Pittsburg, It is navigable for
boats to Morganza in its forks.

C H A
Chartre sur le Loire, La, t. France, 14 m, S, by
W, St Calais,
Chartres, t. France, cap, of Eure and Loire, It
stands in a fruitful plain, on the Eure, which di
vides it into two parts, 'The cathedral is account
ed one of the finest edifices of the kind in France.
38 m. N. W. Orleans, 50 S. W. Paris. Lon. 1°
19' 20" E. Lat 48° 26' 54" N. Pop. 13,000,
Charybdis, a celebrated whirlpool in the Fai-o
di Messina, between the coasts of Calabria and
Sicily, opposite the still raore forraidable rock of
Scylla, and 6 miles from Capo Bianco.
Chassair, or Kassair, v. Morocco, 180 m. S. E.
Fez. Chasselay, t. France, 6 m. N, W, Lyons,
Chasseneuil, t. France, 6 m. E, La Rochefou
cault, Chassiron, Tower of, a Ught-house on the N,
point of the island of Oleron. Lon. 1° 21' 42" W.
Lat. 46° 2' 1" N,
diastellar, t. Savoy, 9 m, N, E, Chamberry,
Chata-hatch, a large r, W, Florida, falls into
the gulf of Mexico, in St, Rose's bay, by several
mouths. It is only navigable for canoes, Lon,
84°46'W, Lat 30° 24' N,
Chhtahoochee, r. Geo, rises in the N, part ofthe
state, and running S, by Fort Mitchel, joins Flint
river, to form the Apalachicola.
Chatahoospa, r. W, Florida, runs into the Chata
hoochee, Lat 31° 43' N,
Chataisko, i: Siberia, runs into the Enesei, 156
m, N. Turucharsk.
Chatonga, r. Russia, runs into the Frozen sea.
Lat 74° 4ff N.
Chatauque loke, in Chatauque co. N. Y. 18 railes
long, and 3 broad. It discharges its waters by a
navigable stream, into Conewango creek. From
the N. W. comer, there is a portage of 9 railes to
Dunkirk on lake Erie. The French formerly
made use of this communication between the
Lakes and Ohio river.
Chaiawque, co, N, Y, bounded N, W, by lake
Erie, E, by Cataraugus co, S, by Pennsylvania,
and W, by Ohio, Pop, 2,381, Chief town,, Cha
tauque. , Chatauque, p-t. and cap. Chatauque co. N. Y.
30 m. S. W. Buffalo. Pop. 1,039.
Chateau^Arrwux, t. France, 7 m. S. Sisteron,
Chatea'U-Bourg, t. Frsince, 10 ra, W, Vitre,
Chateaubriand, t. France, 32 ra, N. Nantes,
Pop, 3,000.
Chateau-Cambresis, fortified t, France, 16 ra, S,
E, Cambray. Lon. 3° 32' 66" E, Lat 50° 6' 16"
N, Pop, 4,0Q0,
Chateau-Chalon, t France, 5 ra, N. Lous le
Saulnier, Chateau-Chinon, t. France, 30 ra, E, Nevers.
Chateau-Dauphin, strong castle of Piedmont,
in a pass leading into Dauphiny, 30 ra. S. S. W.
Turin. Lon. 7° Iff E. Lat 44° 33' N.
Chateaudun, or Dun sur Loire, ancient t.
France, 27 m. N. W. Orleans. Lon. 1° 26' E.
Lat 48° 4'N. Pop. 6,000.
Chateau Giron, t France, 10 m. S, E, Rennes,
Pop. 1,500,
Chateau Gontier, t. France, in Mayenne, on
the river Mayenne, 22 m. N. W. Angers. Pop.
5,600. Chateaugay, r, rises in the state of New York,
and runs into Lower Canada, where it falls into
the St, Lawrence, at lake St Louis, A battle
was fought on the btuiks of thjs river, between

C H A

171

the Americans and Canadians, on the 26th Oct.
1813, Cliotea-ugay, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, on the S, side of the St, Lawrence, 13 m,
S, W. Montreal,
Chateaugay, p-t Franklin co, N, Y, 10 m, E,
Malone, Pop, 767,
Chateaugay, p-v, Clinton co, N, Y,
Chateau London, t France, 50 m, S, Paris.
Chateau-lin, t France, on the Auzon, 15 m, N.
Quimper, Chateau du Loire, t, France, 135 ra. S, W,
Paris, Chateau-MeUlant, t, France, 18 m, S, W. St,
Amand. Chateau Neuf, t, France, in Ille and Vilaine, 7
m, S. St, Malo; oue, in Saone-and-Loire, 12m, E.
E, S, E, Mareigny; one, in Cote d'Or, 17 ra. S.
W. Dijon; one, in Upper Vienne, 18 m. S. E.
Limoges ; one, in Var, 60 m. N, E, Toulon ; one,
1 8 m, N, Nevers ; one, 7 ra, N. Avignon ; one, on
the Charente, 10 m, W, S, W, Angouleme ; one,
in Cher, 12m, N, W, St Amand; one, in Finis
terre, 12 ra. E, Chateau-Lin ; one, on the Loire,
12 m, E, Orleans ; one, 9 m. N, Avignon ; one, in
Lozere, 12 ra, N, E, Mende; one, on the Rhone,
opposite Viviers ; one, on tho Sarthe, in lon, 0"
25' W, Lat, 47° 41' N. ; one, in Eure-and-Loire,
50 ra, W, S, W, Paris,
Chateau Poinsac, t, France, 18 m, N, Limoges.
Chateau Portien, t. France, 25 m. S. W. Me
zieres. Cliateau Renard, t France, 12 m. N, E, Taras
con ; one, 8 m, E. S, E, Montargis ; one, 18 m, N,
N,E, Tours; one, 10m, N, W, Sedan,
Chateauroix, t. France, on the Indre, cap, of
Indre,^ Here is a considerable woollen manufacto
ry. Pop, 8,420. 150 m, S. W, Paris, Lon, I''
5ff E, Lat 46° 48' 45" N,
Chateau-Salins, t. France, 13 m. N. E. Nancy.
Chateau Thierry, t. France, on the Marne, in
Aisne. Pop, 4,080, 38 m, S, W. Laon, 55 N. W.
Paris. Lon. 3° 29' E. Lat. 49° 3' N.
Chateau Villain, t. France, 10 m. S, W, Chau
raont ; one, 17 m. E, Vienne,
Cliateldon, t. France, 8 m, N, Thiers,
Chatelet, t, Netherlands, 24 ra, E. by N, Mons ;
one, 6 m, N. N, E, Chateau Meillant ; one, 9 m,
E. S, E, Melun,
Chatellerault, t. France, on the Vienne, across
which is one of the finest bridges in France. 3.5
m. S, W, Tours, Pop, 8,200,
Chatham, t. Eng, in Kent, on the Medway,
adjoiningj^ Rochester, of which it is considered a
suburb. Here there is a fine naval arsenal, dis
posed in vast magazines and warehouses, which
contain every kind of stores, and where all the
operations necessary for the most extensive naval
architecture are carried on. The dock-yard, in
cluding the ordnance wharf, is about a mile long.
Cables 100 fathoms long, and 25 inches in cfrcum-
ference, are made here. Above 20 forges are con
stantiy at work, and anchors are fabricated near
ly 5 tons in weight Chathara is well defendedj,
and with the exception of Portsmouth, may now
be considered as the most complete and regular
fortress in the British islands. Pop. 12,652. 30
m. E. London.
Chatham, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending
from Thames river, to lake St Clair.
Chatham, t. York co. Lower Canada, on th^! N.
side of Ottawa river.

172

C H A

Chatham, t, Northumberland co. New Bruns
wick, on Miramachi river. It is well situated for
carrying on the timber trade, and contains a
handsome Presbyterian church, built at an ex
pense of 1,400/,
Chatham, t. Coos co, N, H, 64 m, N, N, E, Con
cord, Pop, 201,
Chatham, p-t, Barnstable co. Mass, on the S,
point ofthe elbow of Cape Cod,20 m. E. Barnstable,
Lon,69°50' W, Lat41° 42'N, Pop, 1,334, Its
harbor has 20 feet water at low tide. The inhabi-
-tants are employed chiefly in the fisheries. Many of
the shipwrecks on Cape Cod, happen at this place,
Chatham, t. Middlesex co, Ct. ou the E, side of
Connecticut river, opposite Middletown, Pop.
3,258. Ship-building has long been an important
business in this town, and several vessels of war
for the United States' service have been buUt
here. Here are also the noted and very valuable
quarries of free stone, called Connecticut stone, A
large quantity of this stone, prepared for market,
is sold in the neighborhood, or exported to distant
parts of the country,
Chatham, -p-t. Columbia co. N, Y. 18 ra, N, E,
Hudson, 21 S, E. Albany, Pop, 3,381.
Chatham, p-t, Morris co, N, J, on tho Passaic,
13 m. N, W, EUzabethtown, Pop, 2,019,
Chatham, p-t Chester co. Pa,
Chatham, a central co, N, C, Pop, 12,977,
Slaves, 3,635, Chief town, Pittsburg.
Chatham, p-t. Chesterfield district, S. C. on
the "W. side of Great Pedee river, 101 ni, fr, Co
lumbia, It is well situated for trade, the river
being navigable to this place,
Chatham, co, in the eastern district of Geo, on
the sea coast, between Savannah and Ogechee
rivers, Chieft Savannah, Pop, 13,540, Slaves,
9,748, '
Chatham four-corners, p-v, Columbia co. N. Y.
Chatham Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lat.
of the N. point, 43° 43' S. Lon. 183° 2' E.
Chatham Island, in the S. Pacific ocean. Lon.
172° 18' W. Lat 13° 32' S.
Chatham, or Punjo Bay, on the S. W. coast of
E. Florida. Lat, 26° 30' N,
Chatham Strait, a channel on the W, coast of
N, America, It divides King Georg'e the Third's
Archipelago from Admiralty island, Lat, 58° N,
Lon, 134° W,
Chation-bay, an English settiement, on the
coast of Labrador, 200 or 300 ra, S, Hopedale.
Chatillon, t. Piedmont, 10 ra, S, E, Aosta ; one,
4 m. • S, S, W, Paris ; one, in Savoy, 16 m. N.
Chamberry. Chatillon sur Die, t. France, 30 m. S. E. Va
lence. Chatillon les Dombes, t. France, 12 m. S. W.
Bourg en Bresse,
Chatillon sur Indre, t. France, 10 m, S. S, E,
Loches, Chatillon sur Loing, t. France, 40 m, E, Or
leans, ChaHUon sur Loire, t. France, 14 m, N, E, Au
bigny, Chatillon sur Marne, t France, 18 m, S, W,
Rheims, Chatillon sur Saone, t. France, 9 m, S, E, La
Marche, Chatillon sur Seine, t France, 24 m, E, Tou
nerre, Lon, 4° 36' E. Lat 47° 51' N, Pop,
3,700, '^
Chatre, La, t, France on the Indre, 18 m, S, S,
E, Chateauroux, Pop, 4,000,

CHE
C/iatteris, v. Eng, II m, W, N, W, Ely,
Chatkrpore, city. Hind, in Allahabad, Lon,
79°53'E. Lat 24° 67' N,
Chatterton. See Chadderton.
Chaudies Aigues, t. France, l2 m. 9, W, St
Flour. Chaudiere, r. Lower Canada, rises in lake Me-
gantic, and Eifter a northerly course of 102 miles,
falls into the St Lawrence, 6 m, above Quebec,
It is not navigable o-wing to numerous rapids and
faUs, of which themost remarkable are those call
ed the Chaudiere Falls, about 4 nules from its
mouth. The scenery which accompanies the cat
aract of Chaudiere, is beautiful and romantic be
yond description.
Chaudron, t. France, 17 m. S. W. Angers.
Chaves, (an. Aquce FlavicB,) t. Portugal,iu Tras-
los'Montes, 30m,W. Braganza.
ChauffaUles, t France, 17 m. S. CharoUes.
Chaukunda. See Kakundy.
Chaul, t. Hind. 18 m. S. Bombay.
Choulnes, t France, 7 m. S. W. Peronne ; one
20 ra. E. S, E. Paris,
Chaumont, t France, 15 m. S. W. Beauvais.
Chaumont, t France, in Lofre, 22 m. S. S. W.
Lyons, Pop. 5,000,
Chaumont, p-t in BrownviUe, Jefferson co, N.
Y. on Chaumont bay, in lake Ontario.
Chaumont en Bassigny, t. France, 147 m. S. E.
Paris. Lon. 5° 14' E, Lat 48° 6' 13" N. Pop.
6,000. Chauny, t France, in Aisne, on the Oise, 65 m.
N. N.E, Paris, Pop, 4,400.
Chaux de Fonds, la, v. Switzerland, 9 m. N, N,
W, Neufchatel.
Chayanta. See Charcas.
Chazy, rivers. Big and Littk, Clinton co. N. Y.
run into lake Champlain, in the town of Cham>
plain. Chazy, p-t. CUnton co. N. Y. on lake Cham
plain, adjoining Plattsburg, 186 m. N. Albany.
Pop. 1,466.
Cheadle, t, Eng. 16 m. N. E. Stafford. Pop.
3,191. Cheadle Mosdey, t Eng. in Chester, 3 m. S. W.
Stockport. Cheat, r. Va. runs into the Monongahela, 3 or 4
miles within the Pennsylvania Une. It is naviga
ble for boats, except in dry seasons, and there is a
portage of 37 miles to the Potomac
Chebacco, a parish of Ipswich, Essex co. Mass.
where the smsdl boats cEdled Chebacco boats, are
built. Chebar, in Sac. Geog. r. which flows into the
Euphrates, at Carchemish.
Chebucto Bay, on the S. E. coast of Nova Sco
tia. Lon. 63° 31' W, Lat, 44° 40' N.
Checo. See Cachao.
Chedabucto, or Milford Haven, on the E. coast
of Nova Scotia, at the mouth of the gut of Canso,
Lon, 61° Iff W. Lat 45° 25' N.
Chedbau, or Chedttba, isl, in the bay of Bengal,
Lon, 93° 38' E, Lat, 18° 61' N,
Chedder, v, Eng, 7 m. N, W, WeUs,
Cheego Muddy, t. Hind, at the mouth of the
Caggai-, in lat 23° 5' N, 22 m. S. W, Booge-
booge. Cheeks cross-roads, p-v, Hawkins co. Tea,
Cheeran, t. Hind, on the Ganges, 9 m, E, S, E.
Chupra, Cheesapanny, t, and fort, in the Nepaul territo
ries, Lon, 85° 30' E. Lat, 27° 23' N,

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173

Chefuncli, r, Louisiana, falls into lake Ponchar
train, at Madisonville, It is beatable 30 miles,
Chegford, t. Eng, in Devonshire, 15 ra. W, Ex
eter, Chehaws Indians, 670 in number, on Flint river,
Geo, at the fork of Makulley creek.
Chelieut, t. Abyssinia. Loh. 10° 37' 17" E. Lat.
13° 21' 34" N.
Chebn, t. Poland, 108 m, E. S. E. Warsaw.
Chemlsford, t Eng. in Essex, at the confluence
of the Chelmer and Cann, 22 m, W. Colchester,
29 E . London. Pop. 4,649.
Chelmsford, p-t Middlesex co. Mass on the S.
side of the Merrimack, 26 m. N. W. Boston, Pop.
1,396. Middlesex canal opens into the Merri
mack at this place, through several locks. Here
is a glass house, and extensive quarries of fine
granite, much used in building. Many houses in
Boston, the University' haU at Cambridge, and
the elegant Presbyterian church at Sa-rannah,
are built of this stone.
Chelsea, parish, Eng. in Middlesex, on the N.
side of the Thames, 14 ra. W. London. Here is
the great national asylum for decayed and maim
ed soldiers : Chelsea Hospital, being the noblest
building and one ofthe best foundations of the kind
in Europe. Connected writh the hospital, is a
royal military asylum, founded in 1801, for the
education and maintenance of soldiers' children.
Pop. in 1811, 18,262.
Chelsea, p-t. and cap. Orange co. Vt 37 m. N.
Windsor. Pop. 1,327.
Chelsea, t. Suffolk co. Mass. 3 m. N. E. Boston.
Pop. 594. There is a ferry from Boston across
the harbor to this place, and it is connected with
Charlestown by a bridge.
Chelsea landing, p-v, and port in Norwich,
New-London co. Ct. on the point of land 'between
Shetucket and Norwich rivers, the two branches
which form the Thames, 14 ra. N. New-London.
Chelt, T. Eng. falls into the Severn.
Cheltenham, t and parish Eng. in Gloucester,
chiefly celebrated for its raedicinal waters, which
attract about 4,000 visitors to the place during
summer. Pop. of the parish 8,325. 10 m.E. N.
E. Gloucester, 94 N. W. London.
Cheltenham, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 783.
. Chelva, t Spain, 18 m. S. W. Segorbe.
Chemali, v. Natolia, 6 m. fr. the sea. It is gov
erned by an aga, and contains sorae fragments of
antique marbles. About two miles distant, there
are hot springs, resorted to in cutaneous disorders.
Chemilk, t France, 10 m. N. E. Cholet
Chemin, r. Indiana, runs N. and falls into Lake
Michigan. Chemnitz, or Kemnitz, t. Saxony, 36 m. W. S.
W, Dresden. Lon. 12° 60' E. Lat. 60° 46' N.
Pop. 9,900. Here are manufactured canvass, cot
ton stockings, caps, and similar stuffs.
Chemnitz, t. Bohemia, 30 ra, S. E. Dresden.
Chemung, p-t. Tioga co. N. Y. 10 m. S. W.
Spencer, 198 fr. Albany. Pop. 683,
Chenail Ecarte, r. Up. Canada, falls into Lake
St Clair.
Chenango rimer, N. Y. runsinto the Susquehan
nah from the N. 18 ra. E. Owego, after a course
of about 90 miles.
Chenango, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Madison
CO. E. by Otsego, and Delaware cos. S. by Broome
CO. and W. by Broome and Cortlandt cos. Pop.
21,704. Chief town, Norwich.
Chenango, p-t. and cap, Broome co. N. Y. pn the
E. branch of the Susquehannah, 40 m, fr, Nor

wich, 148 'VV. S, W, Albany. Pop. 1,420. It con
tains the vUlage of Biriglmmton, in which are tho
county-buildings. Chenango forks, p-v. Broorao co. N. Y.
Chenang' point. See Binghamton.
Chendi, v. Nubia, on the Nile, with about 258
houses, Lon, 33° 26' E, Lat, 16° 39' N,
Chen-si, province of China, bounded E, by the
river Hoang, which separates it frora Chan-si, S, by
Se-tchucn and Hou-quang, N, by Tartary and the
great wall, and W, by the eounfry of the Mon
gols, Pop, 30,000,000,
Chen-yang, a district of Chinese Tartary, com
prehending what was forraerly called Leao-tong,
and bounded S, by the great wall of China,
Chen-yang, or Moukden, a city of Chinese Tar
tary, cap, of the district of Chen-yang, in the
country of the Mantchew Tartars- 54 m, E, N.
E, Pekin, Lon. 122° Iff E. Lat 41° 4ff N.
Chepttchet p-v. in Gloucester, Providence C(>.
R. I. It is a flourishing place, and contains seve
ral mills on Chepachet creek. Gloucester bank
is in this village,
Chepewas. See Chippeways.
Chepido, t. Greece, on the E. coast ofthe island
of Paros.Chepo, San Christoval de, t. S. America, ^ m.
N. E. Panama.
Chefstow, s-p. Eng, in Monraouth, on the Wye,
2 ra. from its junction with the Severn. It carries-
on considerable trade. Pop 2,581. 15 ra. N, N.
W. Bristol.
Cher, r. France, which rises neai: Bellegarde,
and after a course of 150 miles, joins the Loire, a
little below Tours.
Cher, a departraent of France bounded N. by
Loiret, E. by Nievre, S. by Allier, W, by Indre-
and-Lofre, Bourges is the capital. Pop. 228,000.
Cherac, t, France, 34 m, S, of Saintes,
Cherasco, t Piedmont, at the conflux of the Ta
naro and Stura. It is one of the strong holds of
Piedmont; it contains 7 churches -within its
walls, and 3 without 20 m, S, S, E. Turin, Lon,
7° 55' E. Lat 44° 4,2' N. Pop, 1 1 ,200,
Cheraw, p-v, Darlington district, S, C, 52ra,fr.
Camden, 90 fr, Georgeto-wn,
Cherbourg, an important seaport of France, on
the N, coast, at the bottom of a large bay, between
Capes La Hogue and Barfleur, It has long been
considered by the French a station of great im
portance in the navigation of the English channel,
and imraense sums have been expended in improv
ing the harbor. After several fruitless efforte, this
object wajB at length accomplished in 1813, by an
excavation, from the solid ground, of a harbor,
capable of containing 50 sail of the line. The ex
cavation is 1,000 feet long, 770 wide, and 50 deep,
A wet dock of equal dimensions was commenced
by Bonaparte in 1813, and is now nearly coraple
ted, after having cost, along with the basin, a sum
of nearly five milUons sterling, Cherbourg is 190
m. W, N, W, Paris, Lou, 1° 37' 3" W, Lat 49»
38' 31" N, Pop. 10,400.
Cheribon, t. on tiie N. coast of Java, and capital
of a principality, situated at the bottora of a deep
bay. The principality ia remarkably fertile in
tiraber, coffee, indigo, sugar and pepper, Lon,
108° 35' E, Lat 6° 43, S,
Cherokee comer, p-v. Oglethorpe co. Geo,
Cherokees, a tribe of Indians inhabiting au ex
tensive country, included within the chartered
liraits of the States of Geor^a, Alabama, and 'Ten
nessee. They live thinly dispersed over the coun-

174

CHE

try, in log cabins, not much inferior to those of
the whites in the neighbouring settlenjents. A
considerable nuraber of whites reside in the na
tion, and biany have obtained all the privileges of
citizenship by marrying female natives, "These
intermarriages have been so long practised, that
a considerable part ofthe fribeare of mixed blood.
The raixed breed can generally speak EngUsh, and
a few send their children to the white settlements
for education. As to their persons, the Cherokees
are well forraed, and of a good appearance, Sorae
of them have as fine countenances as can easily be
found in any country. The children are almost
universally active and healthy, and as apt to learn
as the children of civiUzed people. Some of the
half-breeds have large plantations, which they
cultivate by the aid of slaves, but the fuU-blooded
Cherokees do not carry on agriculture -with rauch
vigor, A few years since, the Cherokee country
embraced a territory of 23,520 square railes, and
the number of the tribe was 12,395, They
owned 6,519 horses, 19,165 black cattie, 1,037
sheep, 19,778 swine, 13 grist raills, 3 sawraUls, 30
waggons, and 583 negro slaves ; the whole value
of which was estiraated at 571,600 dollars. They
hadbesides, upwards of 500 looms and 500 ploughs.
Within a few years, a part ofthe Cherokees have
migrated to the country on the Arkansaw river,
on the W. side of the Mississippi, the government
ofthe U, S. having assigned them lands on that
river, in exchange for a part ofthe Cherokee coun
try. In the treaty which was made on this occa
sion, the govemraent appropriated about 100,000
acres of the lands ceded by the Cherokees, for a
perpetual school fund, to be appUed, under the
direction of the President of the United States, to
the instruction of Cherokees who remain on this
side of the Mississippi,
The Moravians have a missionary establish
ment at Springplace, about 35miles from Brain
erd. The American Board of Foreign Mis
sions estabUshed a mission among the Chero
kees in 1817, Its principal seat is at Brainerd;
but schools have been established in various
parts of the nation. In 1820, numerous buildings
had been erected for the accommodation of the
mission, a farm of 60 acres was under cultivation,
and more than 200 pupils were receiving instruc
tion in the various schools. Besides being taught
reading, writing, arithmetic, and the principles of
Christianity, the children are instructed in the
most useful arts of civilized life. The boys learn
the use ofthe hoe aud the axe, while the girls learn
the use of the spinning wheel and the needle.
The Cherokees are much pleased with the Mission
aries. Throughout the nation there is a genered
and strong impression in favour of having their
children instructed ; and were sufficient funds sup
plied, the greater part of the children might at once
be brought under a system of instruction. See
Brainerd and Choctaws.
Cherryfield, t. Washington co, Maine, 30 m, W,
Machias, Pop, 181.
Cherry Island, in the South Pacific, Lon, 169°
56'E, Lat 11°27'S.
Cherrystone, a port of Va, Shipping in 1815,
1,608 tons,
Cherrylree, t Venango co. Pa, Pop, 391,
CherryvaUey, p-t Otsego co, N, Y,. Pop, 2,775.
The three Western turnpikes through the state of
New- York meet in this place. It is 13 ra, S, W,
Palatine bridge on Mohawk river, 14 N, E, Coop-
ferstown, 53 N, of Albany, 270 fr, Buffalo, The

C H E
village is large, and contains a MeeUng-hoUse and
an Academy, and many handsome houses,
CherryvUk, p-v, Northampton co. Pa,
Cherso, a large island belonging to Austria, ia
that part ofthe Adriatic between the coasts of Is
tria and D-almatia, caUed the gulf of Carnero, It
is 60 mUes long, and has extensive forests, from
which the Venetians draw a large supply of wood.
It also exports olives, wine, figs, sUk, and wool.
Pop, 10,000. Cherso, the capital, is on the coast,
at the bottom of a deep bay. Pop. 4,000. Lon,
14° 36' E. Lat 45° 8' N.
Cfierson, t. Eu, Russia, capital of the govern
ment of Cherson, on the Dnieper, 60 miles from its
mouth. It was founded in 1778, and was destined
by the empress Catharine to become the Peters
burg ofthe Black sea. But from the difficulty of
navigating the Dnieper, and the unhealthiness of
the climate, it gradually feU into decUne, and is
now completely ecUpsed,by the neighbouring port
of Odessa ; but extensive works are stiU carried on
in the dockyards and arsenal of Cherson, In
1788, the population was about 50,000. In 1803,
not above 1 1,000. The government of Cherson
contains 26,632 square mUes, and above 400,000
inhabitants, 128 m, S.W, Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 32°
56' 3ff' E. Lat 46° 38' 30" N.
Chertsey, t Eng. in Surrey, 10 ra. from Houns-
low, 22 W, S, W, London.
Chesadawd Lake, N. America, about 210 m. N.
E. by E, ofthe E, end of Slave lake, m Uie Hud
son-Bay company's territory,
Chesapeake bay, a spacious bay of the U, S, Its
entrance is 12 miles wide, between Cape Henry,
in lat. 37° and Cape Charles, iu 37° 12' N. \t ex
tends 200 miles in a northerly direction, tlirough
the states of Virginia and Maryland, dividing them
into two ^arts, called the eastern, and western
shores. About 75 miles of the length of the bay
is in Virginia, and 126 in Maryland. The breadth
varies from 7 to 20 miles. It is generaUy as much
as 9 fathoms deep, and affords many commodious
harbours and a SEife navigation. It receives the
waters of the Susquehannah, Potomac, Rappa
hannock, York, and James rivers, besides number
less small streams, both from the eastern and west
ern shores.
Chesapeak toion, p-v. Cecil co. SId,
Chesham, t, Eng, in Buckiughain, 25 m, W,N';
W. Londou,
Cheshire, a county palatine of Eng, bounded N.
by Lancashire, W, by Flint and Denbi^ S. and
E, by Derbyshire, Staffordsliire, and SaUop. It
contains 1,040 square miles. Coal is abundant in
the south-east parts, but the principal mineral
consistsof inexhaustible strataof rock salt Chesh
ire also is celebrated for Uie quantity and excel
lence of its cheese, which forms one ofthe princi
pal exports. Population, 227,031, FamiUes,
44,50'^ of which number, 16,396 are engaged iu
agriculture, and 23,043 in trade and manufac
tures. Cheshire, co, S. W. part of N. H. bounded N.
by Grafton co. E. by Hillsborough co, S, by Mas
sachusetts, and W, by Connecticut river, which
separates it from Vermont. Pop, 40,988. Chief
towns, Keene and Charlestown.
Cheshire, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass. 17 m. N. N.
E. Lenox, 140 W. N. W. Boston. Pop, 1,315,
Cheshire, p-t New-Haven co. Ct. 13 ra. N.
New-Haven. Fop, 2,288, The Episcopal Acad
emy of Connecticut is established here. It has a
fund of $25,000, and a library of 200 volume?.

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175

The institution is under the direction ofa Princi
pal, and a Professor of languages. The average
number of students has been 70. The academi
cal building is a brick edifice, 50 feet by 34.
Cheshire, t GalUa co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 10 ra,
N, GaUipoUs. Pop, iu 1816, 305,
Cheshunt, t, Eng, in Hertford, 13 m, N, London,
Chesil Bank, an imraense bank of pebbles on the
coast of Dorset, Eng. extending from the isle of
Portiand- to Uie mainland at Abbotsbury.
Cheskilalaways Indians, 580 i n number, in Flori
da, on the W. side of Chatahoochee river, where
it separates Georgia frora Florida,
Chesne-Tonex, t. Savoy, 30 ra. E, Geneva,
Chesnut creek, Va. a branch of the Great Ken-
hawa, where it crosses the Carolina Une,
Chesnut hill, p-t- Northampton co. Pa, Pop,
1,128, Chesnut hill, p-v, Jackson co. Geo.
Chesnut ridge, part ofthe Alleghany raountains
which extends from Maryland, N, E, through
Fayette and Westmoreland cos. Pa,
Chester, city, Eng. cap. of Cheshire, on the Dee,
18 m. from the sea. It is surrounded by waUs
nearly two miles in circuit, with four principal
gates! Four principal streets lead frora the four
gates and raeet in a centre, Chester contains a
cathedral and eight parish churches within the
waUs, several places of woi-ship for dissenters, and
several alras-houses, and endowments for charita
ble purposes. The two annual fairs for Man
chester goods, Yorkshire cloths, Irish linens, and
Birmingham wares, are Uie most considera
ble ones in the northern part ofthe kingdom.
Pop, 17,472, 145 ra. N. Bristol, 181 N, W. Lon
don. Lon, 3° 4'. W, Lat 53° 1 I'N,
Chester, t, Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, in Ma-
hone bay, 25 m, fr. Windsor.
Chester, p-t Rockingham co, N. H, on the E.
side ofthe Merrimack, 14 m. N, W, Haverhill, 14
W, Exeter, 25 S, E. Concord, 31 W, Portsraouth,
Pop. 2,030. Masabesic pond lies raosUy in the
W. part of this town.
Chester, p-t Windsor co. Vt 16 m, S, W, Wind
sor, 11 W, Chariestown, N, H. Pop, 2,370,
Chester, p-t Hampden co. Mass, 20 ra, N, W,
Springfield. Pop. 1,634.
Chester, p-v, and parish in Saybrook, Middle
sex CO. Ct
Chester, p-v. in Goshen, Orange co. N. Y. 116
m.fr^ Albany.
Chester, p-t Warren co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
25 m. W. Ticonderoga, 90 N. Albany. Pop. 937,
Scroon lake lies on the E. side of this town,
Chester, West. See West Chester.
Chester, p-t Morris co, N, J, Pop, 1,176.
Chester, t BurUngton co. N. J. Pop, 1,839,
Chester, co. Pa, bounded N, E, by Montgomery
CO, S. E. by Delaware and^hUadelphia cos. S, by
Maryland, W, by Lancaster co, and N, W, by
Berks CO, Pop, 39,596, Chief town, West-Ches
ter, Chester, bor, and cap, Delaware co. Pa. on Del
aware river, near Marcus Hook, 13 m. N. E.
Wilmington, 15 fr. Philadelphia. Its situation is
pleasant, and it is the resort of much company
from Philadelphia in the summer months.
Chester river, a jiavigable water of Md. on the
Eastern shore. It is formed by the union of Cy-
pms and Andover creeks at Bridgetown, It pass
es by Chestertown, receives South East creek 3
miles below, and empties into the Chesapeake at
Love Point, 18 m, below Chester,

Chester, t. Shenandoah co, Va, on the point of
land between AUen's or North, and South rivers,
the two branches of the Shenandoah, 16 m, S, by
W, Winchester,
Chester, t. Curaberland co. Va, on the S, W,
side of James river, 6 m. S. Richmond, 15 N.
Blandford, Cliesler, district, S, C, on Wateree river. Pop,
11,479, Slaves, 2,743. Chief town, Chester.
Chester, p-t and cap, Chester district, S- C. 22
ra, S, Pinckney court-hoUse, 58 N. W. Columbia,
Chester, t. Wayne co, Ohio, N. W. Wooster,
Pop. in 1819, 440.
Chester, t, CUuton co. Ohio, 6 m. W. Wilming-
*ton, Chester, t. Knox co. Ohio.
Chester, r. W. Florida, runs into P-ensacola bay,
Chester le Street, t. Eng. 6 ra, N. Durham,
Chesterfield, t. Eng. Derbyshire, on the Rother,
26 m, N. Derby, Pop. 4,476,
CheMerJieU, p-t, Cheshire co. N. H. on Connect
icut river, opposite BratUeboro', 11 m. S. W,
Keene, 25 S, by W, Charlestown, Pop, 1,839,
Chesterfield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass, 15 m, W.
NorUiarapton. Pop. 1,408.
Chesterfield, p-t, Essex co, N. Y, on lake Cham
plain, 18 ra. S, Plattsburg, Pop. 631, Adgat^s
falls, in Sable river, is at this place. See Sabk
river. Chesterfield, t, Burlington co. N, J.
Chesterfield, co, Va, between James and Appo
matox rivers. Pop. 9,979. Slaves, 6,016. At the
court-house is a post-office.
Chesterfield, district, S. C. bordering on N.Car
olina. Pop. 5,564. Slaves, 1,639,
Chesterfield Inlet, a bay on the W, side of Hud
son's bay, about 200 miles long, and 15 wide.
Lon. of the mouUi, 90° 4ff W, Lat, 63° 3ff N,
Chesterfield Key, an islet, near the N, coast of
Cuba, Lon, 77° 2ff W, Lat, 22° 15' N,
Chestertown, p-t, and cap, Kent co. Md. ; is
pleasantly situated on Chester river, about 18
miles from its mouth, in Chesapeake bay, 35 m, S,
EUrton, 38 S, S. E. Baltiraore. Lon, 77° 67' W,
Lat. 39° 12' N. It contains 140 houses, a court
house and jail, a spacious college edifice, and 2
houses of public worship, 1 for Methodists, and 1
for EpiscopaUans, An elegant bridge is noAv
erecting over Chester river. The town had for
raerly considerable trade, but is now on the de
cline. The amount of shippingin 1805 was 3,421
tons ; in 1816, it was 1,813,
Washington college in this town, was incorpo
rated in 1782, and had a fund of 1260/. a year
settled up|n it by the legislature, which has since
been withdrawn ; and the building is now appro
priated to the accommodation of a Latin and
English school, which is one of the most respecta
ble in the state.
Chestervilk, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, 30 m, N.
W, Augusta, Pop, 430.
Ghesuncook, a large lake, in Maine, through
which the main branch of the Penobscot flows,
Chetomaches. See Lafourche.
Chetamaches loke, Louisiana, near the mouth of
the Mississippi, It is 24 miles long, and 9 broad,
and communicates with lake Portage.
Chetecan Head, cape, on the W. coast of Cape
Breton, Lon, 60° 46' W, Lat. 46° 4ff N,
Chetham, t Eng. 1| ra, fr, Manchester.
Chever. See Khauar.
Cheverny, t. France, 9 ra, S. E, Blois,
" Cheviot HiUs. a ridge of hill?, in England, run.,

176

C H I

ning from N. E. to S, W, along the lAirders of Nor
thumberland, and dividing that county from Rox
burghshire, in Scotiand,
Chevres, t. France, 18 m. E. Angouleme;
Chevres, t. France, 15 m, S, W, Paris, Pop,
1,130, Chevrotiere, r, Canada, falls into the St, Law
rence frora the N, about 40 m. above Quebec.
Chewabad, s-p, Persia, on the E, side of the en
trance of the Persian gulf.
Chezery, t. France, 8 m, N. W, Geneva,
C'hezib, in Sac, Geog, See Achzib.
Chesy I'Abbaye, t. France, on the Mame, 4 m.
S, S, W, Chateau Thierry, Pop. 1,300.
Chiana, r. Italy, divides into two branches, one
of which falls into the Tiber, near Orvieto, and
the other running N. joins the Arno near Arezzo.
Chiantla, t. Mexico, 40 ra. S. W. Puebla de los
Angelos. Chiapa, province, in the Captain-generalship of
Guatiraala, bounded W. by Oaxaca, S, by Guati
mala, E, by Vera Paz and Yucatan, N, by Vera
Cruz, Chiapa dos Espagnos, or Cividad Real, cap, of
the above province, 300 ra, N. W. Guatiraala.
Lon. 93° 23' W. Lat. 17° N. Pop. 2,500. Its
principal comraerce is in cocoa nuts, cotton, wool,
sugar, and cochineal.
Chidya dos Indios, city, of Chsapi province,
on the Tabasco ; contains about 4,000 Indians,
who are rich. 36 ra. W. Chiapa dos Espagnos,
Lon, 93° 63' W, Lat, 17° 5' N,
Chiaromonte, t, Sicily, 25 m, W, Syracuse,
Chiarensa, or Clarenza, s-p, Eu, Turkey, on
the W, coast of the Rlorea, 80 m. W, Corinth,
Lon, 21° 16' E, Lat. 38° 11' N,
Chiari, t. Lombardy, 12 ra. W, Brescia, Lon,
9° 66' E. Lat 46° 32' N, Pop, 7,000.
Chiascio, r. Ecclesiastical States, faUs into the
Tiber, 5 ra. S. Perugia.
Chiavari, t. territory of Genoa, 20 ra. S. E. Ge
noa. Pop. nearly 8,000.
Chiavenna, a county of Lorabardy, N. of the
lake of Corao, on the borders of Switzerland, be
tween the country of the Grisons and the Valte
line, 18 miles long, and 16 broad. Pop, 18,000,
Chiavenna, the capital, is deemed tJie key of
Lorabardy, on the side of the Grison territory. It
is on the side of a high raountain on the right
bank of the Maira, a Uttie above its influx into the
lake of Como, 38 m, N, Como, Lon, 9° 21' E,
Lat 46° 16' N,
Chiaveroto, t Carinthia, 8 ra, S. Tarvis,
Chiaw, Gulf of, a deep bay on the N, E, side of
the island of Gilolo,
Chibiane, v. Cyprus, anciently called Corinea ;
celebrated for its -wine,
Chicago, river, or arra of Lake Michigan, at its
S. end, in lUinois, A mile from the lake it divides
into two channels : the N, channel extends along
the west side of the lake, about 30 miles ; the S,
is only 6 railes long, and affords a secure harbor for
vessels of almost any burden, but has a bar at its
mouth 'with only 2 feet water. This obstruction
might be easily removed, and the harbor rendered
accessible. The portage from Chicago river to
the Aux Plains, one of the two branches of Ulinois
river, is 9 miles, and is so low as often to be cover
ed with water and passed in boats, A canal here
is contemplated, and could be made with littie
expense, which would open a water communica
tion bctwrr-n thn Great T.akes and tbe Mi^-iissip-

C H I
pi, through Uie lUinois, Half a mile from the
mouth ofthe Chicago, is Fort Dearbom, which see.
Chicama, r. Peru, which falls into the Pacific
ocean, in Lat. 7° 45' S.
Chicapee, r. Mass. rises in Worcester county,
and runs into Connecticut river at Springfield. ,
Chicaur, t Hind, 16 m, S, Chittore,
Chichacotta, t and fortress, Bootan, on the fron
tier of Bengal, 60 m. N, Rungpore. Lon, 89° 2S'
E, Lat 26° 42' N,
Chichas y Tarija, a province of Buenos Ayres,
bounded N, by Poton, E, by the Indian country,
S. by Jujuy, and W, by the Andes, which sepa»
rates it from the desert of Atacamo,
Chichester, city, Eng. cap, of Sussex, on the Le
vant It is a bishop's see, and besides the caUie-
dral there are six parish churches. Large quan
tities of salt are made at Itchenor, 3 mUes from
Chichester, where shipbuilding is also carried on to
sorae extent This city sends two raembers to par
Uament Pop, 6,425, 36 m, S. E. Winchester,
and 6 1 S. S. E. London. Lon. 0° 47' W. Lat 50°
5ffN. Chichester, t Rockingham co, N, H, 10 m. E.
Concord, 46 N. W, Portsmouth, Pop. 951,
Chicliester, Lower and Upper, 2 towns in Dela
ware CO, Pa. Pop, of Lower Chichester, 511 ; of
Upper, 417.
Chickahominy, r. Va. runs into the N, side of
Jaraes river, 37 m. above Point Comfort. It has a
bar at its mouth witii 12 feet water, above which
large vessels ascend 8, and vessels of 6 tons, St:
miles. Chickamaugah creek, rises in Georgia, and joins
the Tennessee, a few miles above Lookout Moun
tains. It runs through a district of the Cherokee
country, caUed from it, Chickamaugah district, in
which Brainerd, the missionary station is estab
lished. Chickasaw, r. Ten. runs into the Mississippi.
Chickasaw Agency, Alabama, in the country of
the Chickasaws, 27 m. W. Cotton-Gin-Port, 130
S. W. HuntsviUe. Here is a post office.
Chickasaw Bluff, on the E. side of the Missisip
pi, in the N.W. corner of Mississippi. Lat 35° N.
Chickasaws, Indians, whose country is included
within the chartered limits of the states of Ken
tucky, Tennessee, Mississippi aud Alabama;
bounded on the E. by Tennessee river, on the N.
by the Ohio, on the W. by the Mississippi, and on
the S. by the Choctaw counfry. The number of
the tribe, according to the statement ofthe U. S.
agent, is 6,456. The Chickasa'ws, like Uieir
neighbors the Cherokees and Choctaws, are con
siderably advanced in civilization. The Ameri
can Board of Foreign Missions have in contempla
tion Uie establisliment ofa mission among them.
Chickasawhay, r. Mississippi, rises in tile Choc
taw country, and 8 miles below, N. lat _31° joins
Leaf river to form tiie Pascagoula.
Chickasawhay, p-v. Greene co. Mississippi.
Chickley, t Hind. 30 m. S. E. Surat
Chiclana, v. Spain, 52 ra. S. S. W. SeviUe.
Chicora, t E. Africa, celebrated for its silver
mines. Lon. 30° 20' E. Lat. 16° 30' S.
Cliidley, Cape, on the N. coast of Labrador, at
the entrance of Hudson's straits. Lon. 70° 25'
W. Lat. 60° 12' N.
Chiekfa, fort, Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 12 m.
W. KolokiUiia.
Chiem, Lake, in Bavaria, between the Inn and
Salzach. It is 12 miles long and 8 broad.

C H I
Chiento, r, Italy, fhllsinto the gulf of Venice,
Lat 43° 14' N.
Chieri, or Chiers, t Piedmont, surrounded with
walls, 6 m. E, Turin. Lon. 7° 48' E, Lat, 45° 4'
N. Pop, 10,000,
Chiese, r. Italy, faUs into the Oglio, at Caneto,
in tiie duchy of Mantua,
Chieti, t, Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, on the Pes
cara, 78 ra. N, E, Rorae, 93 N, Naples, Lon, 14°
3ff E. Lat 42° 22' N.
Oiievres, t Netherlands, 12 m. N, W, Mons,
Chifremant. See Bovines.
Chifuncte, r. Louisiana, falls into Lake Ponchar-
frain, a littie below Madisonville,
Chiggre, station in the Nubian desert, 200 m, S,
Syene, Cbignecto Bay, the N, VV, arm ofthe bay of Fun
dy, in Nova Scotia,
Chih^uaJiua, t. New Spain, in Durango, It is
surrounded with mines of silver oneveryside, 180
m, N. W. Mexico. Lon. 109° 16' W. Lat28° 50'
N. Pop. 11,600.
Chikanga, a Iringdom of E, Africa, W, of Mo-
nomopata. Here are valuable gold mines.
Chikkolee,t. Hind. 11 m. S. W. Seringapatam.
Chiko, s-p. Peru, 40 m. S, Callao. Lat 12°
32' S, i
Chile, I', Chili, falls into the Pacific, in lat,
39° S,
Chili, country, S, America, bounded N, by the
desert of Atacama, which separates it frora Peru ;
E, by the Andes, which separate it from Buenos
Ayres ; S. by Patagonia ; and W, by the Pacific
Ocean, It is a long and narrow country, extend
ing from 25° to 43° S. lat about 1,300 miles long,
and, on au average, 140 broad, and containing
about 180,000 square miles. The part of this coun
try inhabited by the Spaniards, is from the north
ern boundary to the river Biobio, in lat 36° 50' S,
The part S. of the Biobio, is occupied by the A-
raucanian Indians, ChUi is composed, to a consid
erable extent, of vallies surrounded by high moun
tains or ridges. Lying along the foot of the An
des, it receives a multitude of small rivers, which
flow with the rsEpidity of torrents, and are seldora
navigable ; but they serve to irrigate the vallies
aud render thera exceedingly fertile. As respects
climate. Chili may be di-vided into 2 regions : the
variable and humid region, south of lat 35° ; and
the invariable and dry country, north of that par
allel. In the dry couutry it does not rain for two
thirds of the year, and in the districts farthest
north, it never rains, and never thunders ; the
dews are scarcely perceptible, the atraosphere is
without a cloud, and the temperature is delightful.
The southern part of Chili is a land abounding
with wheat, .wine and oil ; cotton and hemp are
also cultivated, and cattle are numerous. The
northern districts have a dry and barren soil, but
are rich in raines of tin, copper, silver, and gold.
Volcanoes occur araong the Andes at every little
interval, along the whole eastern boundary. There
are 14, which are in a state of constant eraption.
Earthquakes usuaUy occur 3 or 4 times a year.
The population, according to a census made a
few years since, is 1,200,000, exclusive of inde
pendent tribes of Indians. The great mass of this
population is between the rivers Juncal and Bio
bio, on a territory of 80,000 square miles. The
religion is Roman Catholic ; and there are said
to be about 10,000 monks and nuns, in the whole
country, and tbe religious institutions with which

C H I

177

they are connected, it is estimated, hold nearly
one third of the landed property. Chili was for
raerly a colony dependent on Spain, but in 1810,
the people took the government into their own
hands, and on February l'2th, 1818, raade a decla
ration of absolute independence, which they have
since maintained. In 1818, according to an offi
cial statement, the army consisted of 8, 400 regular
troops, and 28,960 militia; and the revenue
amounted to 2,1'77,967 dollars,
Chilidromia. See Lidromia.
Chilka, lake. Hind, on the coast, 36 miles long
by 10 or 12 broad, 40 ra, S, W, Cuttack, Lat
19°39'N, Chillambaram, t. Hind, on the coast of Carnatic,
120 ra, S, S. W, Madras, Lon, 79° 62' E,'Lat 1 1°
27' N,
Chilian, province, ChiU, bounded N, by Maule,
E. by the Andes, and W, by Itata. Chilian, Uie
capital, is on the river Chilian. Lat, 35° 36' N.
Chilleurs, t France, 14 m. N. E, Orleans,
ChilUcothe, p-t, and cap, Ross co, Ohio, and the
second town in size in the State, on the W, bank
of the Scioto, 46 ra. in a direct line, and 70 by wa
ter frora its mouth ; 45 m. S, Columbus, 70 S, W.
Zanesville, 93 E. by N. Cincinnati, Lon. 82° 56'
W, Lat 39° 14' N, Pop, in 1819, 2,600, It is
laid out on an elevated plain, between Paint creek
and the Scioto. The streets are spacious, and cross
each other at right angles. It contains a court
house and jail, a market-house, 3 banks, including
the branch bank of the United States, 3 houses of
public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Seceders,
and 1 for Methodists, and an academy. In the town
and vicinity are many valuable mills aud manu
factories. Chillis, t. Syria, in the pachalic of Aleppo, It
has 16 mosques, large bazars, and is a noted mart
for cottons, 15 m. N, Aleppo,
Chillisquaque, t. Northumberland co. Pa, on the
W, branch ofthe Susquehannah, 6 m. above North
umberland. Pop, 1,505.
Chilka, V. S, America, in New Granada, on the
Magdalena, Lat, 9° 6' N,
Chilkn, a fortified castle of Switzerland, in the
canton of Vaud, on a peninsular rock, at the E.
end ofthe lake of Geneva, 5 m. S. E. Vevay.
Chillumcotta, t. Hind, in Mysore, 20 m. E-
Chinabalaram. Chillumeal, t. Plind. 17 ra. N. W. Cuddapah.
Chilmark,t. Duke's co. on Martha's Vineyard
Island, Mass. 90 ra. S, by E, Boston, Pop, 723.
In this town is the bluff, called Gay-head.
Chilmory,t. Bengal; on the Brahmapootra river.
Lon, 90t3'E, Lat 25° 25' N,
Chilney, isl, in the Arabian sea, near the coast
of Persia. Lon. 66° 44' E. Lat, 26° N,
Chiloe, Archipelago of, a cluster of islands in a
large gulf or bay at the S, extremity of ChiU.
Chiloe, the principal island, is between lat, 42°
13' and 43° 47' S. and is about 120 miles long. It
is separated from the main land by a channel little
more than a raile wide.
Chilongery, i. Hind- 45 ra, N, W, Seringapatam,
Chilpanzinga, t. Mexico, on the great road
from Mexico to Acapulco.
Chilquesy Masques, province of Peru, bounded
W. by Cotabamba, N, by Abancay, and N, E, by
Cuzco, The capital is Paruro.
Chiltem Hills, a ridge of challcy hills in Eng
land, passing nearly through the centre of the
county of Buckingham.

23

178

C H I

Chilvers Colon, t, Eng, in Warwickshire.
Chimara, s-p. Eu. Turkey, 36 ra. S. Valona.
Lon. 19° 53' E. Lat. 40° 19' N,
Chimay, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on the
river Blanche Eau, 10 ra. N, Rocroy,
Chimbo, t. S, America, 90 m, S, Quito,
Chimborazo, the most elevated summit of the
Andes, is 100 m, S, W, Quito, Lat, 1° 2ff S, It
rises to the height of 21,440 feet above the level of
the sea, and is covered with perpetual snow. This
vast mountain presents a most magnificent specta
cle when seen from the shores of the Pacific ocean,
with its enormous circular summit projected upon
the deep azure blue of the equatorial slcy. It was
ascended by Humboldt on the 23d June 1797, who
with his party reached the height of 19,300 feet
above the level ofthe sea, when their further pro
gress was prevented by a chasm 600 feet wide.
Here they were surrounded by a thick fog, and
greatiy incommoded by the extreme tenuity ofthe
air, which was also felt intensely cold and pier
cing. Respiration was difficult, and blood oozed
from their eyes, their lips, and their gums.
The point on which they stood was higher than
any ever before attained by man.
China, an extensive empire in the S. E, of Asia,
The territories subject or tributary to the empe
ror of China, are of vast extent, including Mand-
shuria and Mongolia proper, Thibet, and the
whole of central Asia, between Hindostan on the
S. and Asiatic Russia on the N, On the W, it is
bounded by the Belur mountains, which separate
it from Independent Tartary, The country, how
ever, described in the present article, is China
proper, which is of much more Umited extent, ly
ing hetween 20° and 41° N, lat, and 101° and
122° E, lon. It is bounded E, and S, by the sea,
W, by Thibet, N, by Chinese Tartary, ?ind con
tains about 1,300,0(10 sq, miles. The general as
pect of China is that of a level, fertile, and highly
cultivated region. It is the raost populous couu
try in the world. The number of inhabitants has
been variously estimated from 150 to 333,000,000,
Mr, Morrison gives the result of a census raade by
the present emperor, at about 145,000,000, which
is probably less than the truth, as the census was
raade with a view to taxation. On the whole, we
apprehend 150,000,000 to be the most rational es
timate. To support this crowded population, ev
ery method is adopted to raise food, and agricul
ture is carried to the highest perfection. Even
steep hills and mountains are cultivated. They
are converted into terraces, one above another,
and reservoirs are made onthe top, in which rain
water is collected, and conveyed down the sides
to water the plants. The public works of the
Chinese are equal in magnitude to those of any
nation, and are directed solely to purposes of pub
lic utility. The canals have long been celebra
ted. No nation can produce a parallel to the
great Capal, which extends in a continuous line,
for 500 miles, from Pekin to the river Yang-tse-
kiang. Smaller canals are almost innumerable,
and the inland water communication between Pe
kin and Canton, a distance of 1,000 miles, is inter
rupted only by a land journey of a single day.
Splendid bridges, aud magnificent roads are also
ef frequent occurrence. But the most stupen
dous of all works of art, in ancient or modem
times, is the Great WaU of China, This raighty
rampart has been raised along the whole north
ern, and part of the western frontier, over rivers

C H I
upon arches, over valleys and mountains, through
a course of about 1,000 railes. It is built of brick
and stone, varying in height from 16 to 30 feet,
and so thick that 6 horsemen can ride abreast on
the top.
The government is an absolute despotism, but
is usually administered with much of the patri
archal spirit The emperor regards his people^as
his children, and not as his slaves. The officers
of government are called mandarins. There is
no estabUshed religion in China, The people
never meet for religious purposes. They beheve
however in the existence of a God, and there are
various religious sects, the principal of which is
the sect of Fo, Among the good qualities in the
character of the Chinese, may be mentioned un
remitting industry, perseverance, veneration for
parents, good humor and courtesy of manners.
Among their vices are an entire disregard of truth,
and unparalleled skUl in the art of cheating.
The raost celebrated production is the tea tree,
whose leaves form the chief article of its foreign
comraerce, Araong other productions are the
caraphor tree, the taUow free, and the paper mul
berry tree. In manufactures the Chinese display
great ingenuity. Thefr beautiful porcelain has
long been celebrated ; silk and cotton goods are
also manufactured in great qnantities, and these
articles are among the principal exports.
The internal commerce of China is unrivalled
in extent. The innumerable rivers and canals
with which it is intersected, are covered with
baiges of every form and dimension, interchanging
the productions of the different provinces. For
eign commerce is viewed witha jealous eye. Eu
ropeans have only two points at which they are
aUowed to trade, oue at Kiachta, the emporium
for the overland trade of Russia, and the other at
Canton. The following table exhibits a general
view of the trade between Great Britain imd Chi
na for Uie three years, 1809 — 11.
Exports to ChinOf

Copper,
Iron bar.
Lead, Tin,
Woollens,
Miscellaneous,

1809.

1810,

18U.

/3,609

/1,601

835

3,945

/39,348

69,337

56,783

29,067

31,470

2,490

971,360

825,097

896,137

2,364

3,111

3,209

/1,042,139

933,459

963,715

Imports from China.
1809. 1810.

Tea, lbs. 21,717,310
Silk, lbs. 90,603
Nankins, pieces, 287,720
MisceUaneous, /14,268

19,791,356 64,376
305,009 14,890

1811.

21,231,849 81,397
316.616. 9,630

Total value, ^3,749,298 /3,390,988 /3,660,830
China, t. Kennebec co. Maine, 20 m. N. Au
gusta. China, t. in the S. AV. corner of Genesee co, N, Y.
Chinabakcer, t. Birman empire, iu Pegue, Lat
16° 20' N, Lon, about 96° 45' E.
Chinabalabaram, t Hind, Lon, 77° 55' E. Lat.
13° 26' N.
Chinacota, 1. 12 m. N, E, Pamplona,
China grove, p-v, Georgetown district, S, C,
Chinampetta, t. Hind, Lon. 78° ff E, Lat 9°
41' N,

C H I
Chinapatam, t Hind, iaJMysore, Lon. 77° 44'
E. Lat 12° 39' N.
Chinapatam, the original name ot Madras.
Chinarcm, city, Khorassan, 40 m. N, Muschid,
Chinchanchi, v. Mexico, 10 m, N, Merida, Lat
21° 4'N,
Chinchilla, t, Spain, in Murcia, 168 m, S. E.
Madrid, Lon, J° 52' W. Lat, 38^ 48' N, Pop.
4,500. Chinchon, t. Spain, 18 m. E. S. E. Madrid.
Chinchoor, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, on the road
from Bombay to Poonah.
Chinelmra, t. Bengal, 20 ra, S. S, W, Dinage-
pore. Chincleput, t. and forfress, Hind, and cap, of
Chinoleput disfrict. It is situated on the N. E.
bank ofthe Palar river, 39 ra, from Madras, Lon,
79° 55' E, Lat, 12° 56' N.
Chine, La, v. Lower Canada, on the island of
Monfreal, 7 m. above the city. It is the centre of
all the commerce between Upper and Lower
Canada. Here the boats of the N. W, company
commence their voyage for the interior country of
America, It is intended to cut a canal from La
Chine to Montreal, by which a direct communi
cation with the city wUl be opened, and the diffi
cult passage ofthe rapid of St Louis avoided,
Chinnachin, t. Nepaul, It is the frontier town
towards the N. W, Lon, 81° 35' E, Lat, 30° 29' N,
Chinnook, r, N. America, runs into Colurabia
riverfrom the N, near its mouth,
Chinon, t France, in Indre and Loire, on the
Vienne. Lon. 0° 14' 56" W. Lat. 47° 11' N.
Pop, 5,500.
Chinradurgam, fort, Hind;,' in Mysore, Lon,
78° 2' E, Lat 12° 23' N,
Chinsura, the principal Dutch settlement in
Bengal, on the W, bank ofthe Hoogly, 24m. above
Calcutta, In 1795 it was captured by the British,
but has been lately restored. The London Socie
ty have 3 Missionaries here, and schools have been
established on an extensive scale for the education
ofthe natives, Lon. 88° 28' E. Lat 22° 62' N.
Chitlong, t Nepaul. Lon. 85° 52' E. Lat 27°
29' N.
Chios. See Scio.
Chiourlic, Turkey, 60 m. N. W. Constantinople.
Chiozsa, or Chioggia, isl. in the Adriatic, near
the mouth of the Brenta. Pop. 20,000. The
townfcf Chiozza is on the island, 14 m. S. Venice.
Chipiona, t. Spain, in SeviUe, near the mouth
^of the Guadalquivir.
Chippenham, t Eng. in Wiltshire, on the Avon,
13 m, E. N. E. Bath. Lon. 2° 8' E, Lat, 61° 27'
N, Pop, 3,410,
Chippeway, or Chepewyan Fort, strong post of
the North-west company' s, on the Lake of the Hills,
Chippeway, v, Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Ni
agara river, 10 m, above Queenston, 2 above Ni-.
agara falls, Chippeway creek runs into the Ni
agara at this place. The battle of Chippeway,
July 5, 1814, was fought in the plain on the south
side of this creek,
Chippeway, r, N, W, Territory, runs into the
Mississippi at Lake Pepin, in lon, 93° 64' W. lat,
43° 45' N, There is a short portage between this
river and the Montreal, a water of Lake Superior,
Chippeway, t. Wayne co. Ohio, 12 m, N, E.
Wooster, Fop, in 1819, 445,
Chippeways, or Sateaux, Indians, one of the
most numerous and powerful tribes in N, Ameri
ca, About 5,700 of them dwell on Sagana
bay, in Michigan Territory ; the remainder are

C H I

179

scattered along the Northern border ofthe United
States to the Pacific, They maintain a perpetual
war with the Sioux.
Chipping-Norton, t. Eng, in Oxford, 194 "»• N.
W. Oxford,
Chipping-Ongar, t Eng, in Essex, 21 m, N, E.
London. Chipping Soi.bury, t Eng. in Gloucestershire, 1 1
m. N. E. Bristol.
Chiquitos, a numerous and warlike nation of
Indians, in S. Araerica. The territory which they
inhabit extends frora lat. 16° to 20° S. It is
bounded on the W. by the province of Santa Cruz
de la Sierra, and on the east it extends to the Para
guay, Chirac, t, 3 ra, S. W, Marvejols,
Chirambira, point, on the W, coast of S. Ameri
ca, in lat. 4° 15' N.
Chirazzo, r. Naples, runs into the Adriatio,
Lon, 14° 4' E. Lat 42° 42' N,
Chiriqui, a district of Veragua, on Chiriqui
river, which falls into the Pacific, in lat, 8° 10' N,
Chirk, V, Wales, in Denbighshire, 54 m, N, Os
westry. Chimside, v. Scotland, 84 m. N, W, Berwick,
Chisamo, (an, Cysamus,) t. on the N. coast of
Candia, Chisme, or Cisme, (an, Cystus,) s-p. Anatolia, in
A. Turkey, separated by a narrow strait from the
island of Scio, 40 m, N, Smyrna, Lon, 26° 17'
E. Lat. 38° 24' N,
Chisoin, t France, 6 m. N, J^, W. Orchies,
ChisweU Isks, off the N, W. coast of America,
in lat 69° 31' N. lon. 21 1° Iff E,
Chiswick, v, Eng, in Middlesex, on the Thames,
5 m. W. London.
Chilore, district. Hind, in Ajmere, bounded N,
by Mewar, E. by Harrowly, S, by Jalore, and W.
by Sarowy, in about 26° N, lat and between 74°
- and 75° E. lon.
Chitore, or Chetor, a celebrated fortress of Hin
dostan, the capital of the above raentioned district.
This fort is on the top of a high raountain, and is
considered a place of great strength.
Chitpore, a village, constituting the N, part of
Calcutta, Chitpore, t. Hind, in Gujerat, celebrated for its
raanufacture pf chintzes. It is on Sursutty river,
in lat. 23° 45' N. lon, 73° 3' E,
Chitries, s-p. on the S, coast ofthe Morea, in the
gulf of Coron.
Chitro, (an. Pydna,) t Eu, Turkey, in Macedo
nia, 36 m. S. E. Edessa,
Chittagong, an extensive district in the S, E. of
Bengal, between 21° and 23° N, lat bounded E,
by a range of mountains which divides it from the
Birman empire, and W. by the sea. Its produc
tions are rice, salt, timber, ivory, indigo, cotton,
hemp, pepper, coffee, spices, and wild elephants.
The coast is much resorted to by the European in
habitants of Bengal, on account of the sea air and
bathing. Its chief town is also caUed Chittagong,
but more frequently Islamabad, which see, Chit
tagong being a frontier province, has frequently
changed masters ; but in 1760, it was formally ce- '
ded to the British, who have here a military force,
and a civU establishment Pop, 1,200^000 : half
of whom are Mahoraetans, and half Hindoos,
Chiltapet, t. India, 75 m, S, W, Madras. Lon.
. 79° 26' E. Lat, 12° 25' N,
Chittenden, co, Vt, on Lalre Champlain, inter
sected by Onion river. Pop, 18,120, Chief town,
Burlington,

180

CHO

Chittenden, t Rutiand co, Vt 30 ra, N, W.
Windsor. Pop, 446,
Chitteningo creek, issues frora a lake in Cazeno-
via, and falls into Oneida lake,
Chittledroog, a celebrated fort. Hind, in My
sore. Lon. 76° 29' E, Lat 14° 10' N,
Chittor, t and fortress, Hind, 80 ra, E, Madras.
It was ceded to the British in 1801. Lon, 79° 10'
E, Lat 13° 12'N,
Chitlra, t. Hind, 100 m, S. by W, frora Patna.
Lon, 84° 68' E. Lat, 24° 14' N,
Chitway, t Hindostan, Lon, 76° 12' E, Lat,
10° 23' N,
Chiva, t. Spain, 15 m. W, N, W, Valencia,
Chiva, a territory of Independent Tartary, W,
ofthe Oxus, 280 m, E. ofthe Caspian,
Chivasso, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 11 m, N, E,
Turin, Pop. 5,450,
Chiusano, t, Naples, 14 ra. S, S. E, Benevento,
Chiusi, t Italy, 40 m. S. S, E, Florence,
Chobar, s-p, of Mekran, in Persia, 130 m,
S. W, Kej, Lon. 60° 3' E, Lat '25° 2ff N.
Choco, a province of New-Granada, bordering
on the Pacific ocean, and bounded N. by the prov
ince of Darien,
Chocol, t. Bengal, on the Ganges, 35 ra, E,
Moorshedabad, Chocope, V, Peru, 30 m. N, Truxillo,
Choctaw, r. rises in Alabama, and runs across
West Florida into the Bay of Roses,
Choctaw Agency, Alabaraa, in the Choctaw
country, 4 ra, W, Pearl river, 120 N, E, Natches,
Here is a post-office,
Choctaws, a tribe of Indians, residing between
the Tombigbee and Mississippi rivers, principaUy
in the state of* Mississippi, but partiy in Ala
bama, Their territory is bounded on the N, and
N. E. by that of Uie Chickasaws, and S, by a line
runningalittlebelowtheparallelof32°N,lat, The
number of the Choctaws is estiraated at 20,000,
Within a few years they have made great advan
ces in civilization. They i;^ise corn, cotton, and
a great many cattle, and often appear clad in cot
ton garments of their own manufacture.
In 1818, the American Board of Foreign Mis
sions established a mission araong these Indians,
which has been prospered beyond the raost san
guine expectations. The primary seat of the
mission is at EUiot, on the 'Yalo Busha creek, 30
miles above its junction with the Yazoo ; but an
other estabUshment has been recently raade on
Ook-tib-be-ha creek, 12 miles above its junction
with Uie Tombigbee, — According to the latest ac
counts, there were belonging to the mission, raore
than 200 neat cattle ; teams of oxen and horses,
waggons, ploughs, and other implements of hus
bandry, suitable for a large plantation; mechan
ical tools for various arts ; and all the varied ap
paratus for the accommodation of a family of 100
persons, A school-house, a blacksmith's shop, and
nuraerous other buildings had been erected, and
the school contained between 70 and 80 children.
The Choctaws, their Chiefs especiaUy, have from
the beginning, professed the most friendly disposi
tions towards the mission; and have recently
proved their sincerity, by the raost unequivo
cal evidence. At a treaty held in 1816, they
sold a portion of their country to the U, 6. for
-which they are to receive $6,000 annually, in
cash, for 17 years. The whole of this sum they
have voted lo appropriate to the support of schools
under the direction of the American Board,— See
ElHot.

CHO
With a view to the instruction of the Indians in
the arts of civUized life, the Government of the
United States has extended its patronage to
the mission. The expenses of erecting ' a,
school-house and dwelling-house, at each of
the establishments, have been defrayed from
the National treasury, and $1,000 a year is al
lowed to the establishment at Brainerd, and
$1,000 to that at EUiot, araong the Cherokees,
Choctaw Trading-house, p-v, Alabama,
Chacsim, t. and fortress of Russia, in Podolia,
on the Dniester, It was included formerly iu the
Turkish province of Moldavia : but was ceded to
the Russians in 1812. 110 m. N, N, W. Jassy.
Lon. 26° 36' E. Lat 48° 31' N.
Chogdah, t. Bengal, 40 m. N. Calcutta.
Choiseul, t. France, 12 m. N, E. Langres,
Chaisy, t. France, 12 m. N, Provins.
Choisy le Roi, t France, on the Seine, 6 m. S.
Paris. Pop. 1,200.
Chola, isl. off the E. coastof Africa, S. of Mon-
fla, about 8° S. lat
Cholet, or ChoUet, t. France, on the Mayenne,
11m. S. Beaupreau. Lon. 0° 54' 45" W. Lat47°
5'N. Cholmogory, t. Russia, noted for its breed of
black cattle, 30 ra. S. Archangel.
Cholmondeky' s Sound, on the E. coast of
Prince of Wales' archipelago, in Clarence's strait
Lon. of the entrance, 228° 17' E, Lat 55° 15'N.
Chalula, city. New Spain, in the intendancy of
Puebla. Before the invasion of the Spaniards,
when the Mexican government was in its glory, it
contained 40,000 houses, and numerous temples.
The great temple erected on an artificial moon-
tain, still remains. 80 m. E. Mexico. Pop, 16,000,
Lon. 98° 7' 45" W. Lat 19° 2' 6" N.
Chomonchouon, lake, Canada, 219 m, N, W.
Quebec. Lon, 75° 4ff W, Lat. 39° 2ff N.
Chomsk, t. Russia, 56 m, E. Brzesk,
Chonae. See Schonac.
Chonad, t. Hungai-y, on the Marosch, 25 m, N,
Temesvar, Chones, i, Quito, falls into the Pacific, in lat.0°
33' S,
Chongon, t Quito, 40 m, W. Guayaquil,
Chonos, isl, in the S, Pacific, near the coast of
Chili ; about it are a number of small islands,
called the Chonos arcliipelago, Lat 44° to
47' S. ^
Choorhut, t. Hmd, in AUahabad- Lon. 81° 48'
E. Lat. 24° 29' N,
Choper, r. Russia, which faUs into the Don, near
Choperskaia. Choptank, a large navigable river on the east-
em shore of Maryland, emptying into the Chesa-
pealce. Clwpunnish, r. Missouri Territory, a branch of
the Kooskooshee, in the Rocky mountains. Lorn
113° W, Lat46°3ffN,
Chopersk, t, Russia, 140 m, W, Saratov,
Chorosan. See Khorasan.
Chor-Essire, s-p, Persia, onthe Persian gulf, 44
ra. S. Bushire,
Chorley, t. Eng, in Lancashire, The cotton
manufacture is here carried on in its various
branches. Coal, lead, alum, flag and miU stones
abound in the vicinity. Pop, 5,182, '208 m, N,
W, London,
Choromboros, r. S, America, runs into the Bio
Dulce, 20 m, S, W, Tucuman,
Chota, t, Bengal, 20 m. N. W. Durbnnga..

C H R

CHU

181

C^to, p-v. Blount CO. Geo. 33 m. fr. MiUedge
viUe. Chaueri. See Cargo.
Choug. See Shoggle.
Clioitl, Lower, s-p. and fort. Hind, in Aurunga
bad. Lon. 72° 46' E. Lat. 18° 36' N.
Chaul, Upper, s-p. aud fort, Hind, in Aurunga
bad, 25 m, S. Bombay,
Choumay, Cape, ou the coast of Cochin-China,
at the month of Choumay river, Lon, 107° 67'
E, Lat, 16° 12' N,
Chouse, t. France, on the Loire, 10 m, E, Sau
mur, Chowan, r, N, C, is formed by the union of the
Nottaway, Meherrin, and Blackwater rivers, and
falls into the N, W. corner of Albemarle sound. It
is 3 miles wide at its mouth.
Chowan, co. in Edenton district, N. C. on the
N. side of Albemarle sound. Pop. 5,297. Slaves,
2,789. Chief town, Edenton.
Chowarah, t. Hind, in Oude, Lon, 83° 13' E,
Lat, 26° 3ff N.
Chowpareh, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the Indus.
Lon. 70° 6ff E. Lat. 32° 10' N.
Chowry. See Nicobar Islands.
Chowsar, v. Hind, in Bahar, 7 m. S. Buxar.
Christburg, t. Prussia, 12 m, S, E, Marienburg,
Christchurch, t Eng. in Hampshire, between
the Avon and the Stour, 100 m, W, S, W, Lon
don. Christchurch, a parish, in Charleston district,
S.C. Christian, co. inthe S.W. part ofKen. on Cum
berland river. Pop. 11,020. Slaves, 1,766, Chief
town, Hopkinsville,
Christian Sound, a large arm of the Pacific
ocean, N. of Cape Decision, Lon, 225° 60' E,
Lat 56° 13' N,
Christiana, or Christiana-bridge, p-t, Newcas
tle CO. Del, on Christiana creek, 12 ra. fr. Elkton,
9 S. W. WUmington, 37 S. W. PhUadelphia. It
is the greatest carrjring-place between the navi
gable waters of the Delaware and Chesapeake,
and drives a brisk frade with Philadelphia, in
flour. Christiana creek, Del. unites with the Brandy
wine below Wilmington, and flows into the Dela
ware. It admits vessels of 14 feet draught to
Wilmington, and those of 6 feet draught to Chris
tiana-bridge. Christiana, hundred, Newcastle co. Del. Pop.
6,698. Slaves, 47.
Christiana, Great, isl. in the Grecian archipe
lago, 9 m. S. W. Santorini. Lon. 26° 15' E. Lat.
36° 20' N.
Christiania, s-p. Norway, at the bottom of a
gulf, which penetrates 50 railes into the interior
of the country. It is the seat of the governor of
the province of Aggerhuus, of a supreme court of
justice, and of a bishop who is metropoUtan of
Norway. Here are a military hospital, erected
in 1806, an university, a military school, and two
theatres. This town has an excellent harbor,
and carries on a considerable trade. A great an
nual fair is held here on 13th January, 250 m,
W, Stockhohn, Lon, 10° 48' 45" E, Lat, 69° 55'
^"N, Pop, 9,000,
Christianople, s-p, Sweden, on a peninsula, 36
ia. S, W, Cahnar, Lon, 16° E, Lat 56° 13' N.
Christiansand, a government in the S, W, part
of Norway, Christiansand, the capital, is on the
8. cosut, i/oA was formerly one of the stations of

the Danish na-vy. The island of Flekkeroen forras,
with the raainland, a road several miles in length,
where there is good anchorage, 220 m, N. W,
Copenhagfen, Lon, 8° 3' E, Lat, 68° 8' N, Pop.
5,000. Christiansborg, a Danish fort, on the Gold coast
of Africa,
Christiansburg, t. and cap, Montgomery co, Va.
200 m, W. S, W, Richraond,
Cbristians-Oe, a D'anish island, in the Baltic.
Lon, 14° 47' E, Lat, 55° 13' N,
Christianstadt, t. Sweden, 57 ra, W, by S. Carls
crona. Lon, 14° 9' E, |.at 56° 1' N, Pop, 2,260,
Christianstadt, t. Prussia, on the Bober, 64 ra.
N, E, Dresden,
Christiansted, t. Santa Cruz, on the N, side of
the island, defended by a fortress, Lon, 63° 23'
W, Lat 17° 46' N,
Christianvilk, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Christiansund, s-p, Norway, in Drontheim,
Lat, 63° 6' 35" N.
Christinaliam, t. Sweden,'at the N, E, extrem
ity of lake Wener, 16 m, E, Carlstadt, Pop.
2,020. Christinastadt, s-p. Finland, Lon, 21° 9' E.
Lat, 62° 16' N,
Christmas Harbor, a good and safe bay, on the
N, coast of Kerguelen's land,
Christmas Island, in the Pacific, 16 or 20 leagues
in circumference, Lon, 215° 53' E, Lat 59°
67' N,
Christmas Sound, a bay, on the S. coast of Ter
ra del Fuego, Lon. 70° 16' W, Lat 55° 27' S,
Cheoma, r. Siberia, falls into the Northern
ocean. Lon. 139° 14' E, Lat 73° N,
Chrudim, a circle of Bohemia, Pop, 245,000,
Chrudim the capital, is on the Chrudimka, 60 ra.
E. Prague, Lon, 15° 4ff E, Lat. 49° 53' N, Pop,
4,514, ;
Chrudimka, r. Bohemia, which falls into the
Elbe near Konigingratz.
Chuapa, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, in S, lat, 31° 40'.
Chuckeryo, t. Hind, in Bengal, 42 ra, S, Islaraa-
bad. CImckwah, t. Hind. 13 m. S. E. Bahar,
Chucuito, a province of Buenos Ayres, 75 miles
long, and about 50 broad, on the shores of the great
lake Chucuito, orTiticaca. Chucuita,the capital,
is in lat 16° 3ff S. lon, 70° 3ff W,
Chucuito, or Titicaca, a lake of S. America, be
tween the two CordiUeras of the Andes, in the N.
W, part of Buenos Ayres, It is 240 railes in cir-
cumfereiw;e. There are several islands in the
lake, in Rie largest of which the Incas forraerly
had a raagnificent teraple dedicated to the sun, S.
lat from 15° 35' to 17° 20'.
Chudkigh, t. Eng, 9 m, W, S. W, Exeter.
Chvka, a castie of Bootan, Lon, 89° 27' E, Lat
27°2ffN, Chumbe, v. Quito, in Cuenca, Lat, 3° 10' S,
Chumbivilcas, t. Peru, 90 ra, W, Cusco,
Chumleigh, t Eng, in Devonshire, on the Dart,
194 m. W, London.
Ctiumperpore, t. Hind. 6 ra. W. Boglipore,
Chunar, district, Hind, in Allahabad, between
26° and 26° N, lat bounded N. by the Ganges,
Chundrgur, t. and celebrated fortress. Hind, in
Allahabad, on the Ganges, in lat, 26° 9' N, lon,
82° 64' E, The fort is built on the top of a solid
rook, which projects into the river. It was ceded
to the British in 1763, The town of Chunar is

182

C I N

east ofthe fort, and withinreachofits guns. Near
the town are quarries of excellent free stone for
buUding, It is a station ofthe invalids ofthe Brit
ish array, and the Church Missionary Society
have schools and raissionaries here,
Chunquen, isl, near the coastof Chili, Lat, 44°
5ff S,
Chupparah, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on Bein
Gunga river, Lon. 80° 2' E..Lat. 22° 22' N,
Chuprah, t Hind, in Bahar, on the N, b-^nk of
the Ganges, Lon, 84° 46' E, Lat, 25° 46' N,
Chuquibamba, t. Peru, cap, of Condesuyos de
Arequipa, 4 leagues from Camana.
Chuquisaca. See Plata, (La.)
Church, Stales of the. See States of the Church.
Church creek, t, Dorchester co, Md. at the head
of Church creek, a branch of Hudson river, 7 m.
S, W, Cambridge,
Church HiU, p-v. Queen Anne's co, Md, 8 m,
N, E. CentreviUe,
Church Hill, p-v. Spartanburg co, S. C.
Churchill, Cape, in Hudson's bay, Lon. 96°
5' W. Lat. 58° 64' N.
Churchill River, N, America, falls into Hud
son's bay, in lat, 59° N,
Church Stretton, t. Eng, 13 m. S. Shrewsbury.
Church town, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa. 20 ra. E. N,
E. Lancaster, 60 W. N. W, Philadelphia.
Churco, s-p, Caramania, 20 m, E, Selefke,
Churwalden, v. Switzerland, 5 m. S. E, Caire,
Chusistan, province, Persia, bounded N, by
Irak Agemi, E, by Faristan, S, by the gulf of Per
sia, and W, by the Tigris,
Chuta Boggah, t Bengal, 20 m. N, W, Bet
tiah, Lon., 84° 26' E. Lat 26° 53' N,
Chuttergunge, t Bengal, 32 m, S. S, W, Burd
wan. Lon. 87° 38' E. Lat 22° 48' N.
Chuwal, district. Hind, in Gujerat, between 23°
and 24° N. lat. Janagur is the chief town,
Ciacacok, circar, Hind, on the W, side of the
bayofBengal, betweenl7° and 20° N. Lat. and ex
tending about 60 miles inland. It belongs to the
British. Cicacole, the capital, is in lon. 83° 67'
E. Lat 18° 21' N,
Cicasica, a province of Buenos Ayres, bounded
E, by Cpchabamba, S, E, by Paria and Oruro, S,
W. ^Pacages, aud N, W. by Omasuyos, Pop.
50,000, 'The capital is of the same name.
Cicero, t Onondaga co, N, Y. on Oneida Lake,
S m, N. Salina, 57 W, Utica, Pop. 252.
Ciechanow, t. Poland, 40 m. N. Warsaw.
Ciechanowiec, t. Poland, 75 m. N. E, Warsaw,
Cieux, t. France, 13 m. N. W. Limoges,
Cifuenles, t. Spain, 22 ra. S. Siguenza.
Cilicia, in Sac. Geog. a country of Asia Minor,
between lat 36° and 40° N. bounded N, by Cap
padocia and Armenia, E. by the mountains of
AmanuE, S. by the Mediterranean, and W, by
Pamphylia. Its chief city was Tarsus, It now
forras part of Caramaaia.
Cilley, t. Austrian empire, cap. of the circle of
CiUey, 130 m. S. S, W, Vienna, Lon, 16° 24' 45"
E. Lat 46° 4ff N, Pop. 2,100,
Cimbrishamn, s-p. Sweden, 24 m, S, Christian
stadt, Cimonc, mt, ofthe Appennines, nearly 7000 feet
abovethesea. Cinaloa, formerly a province of Mexico, but
now forraing the S, part of the Intendancy of So
nora. Cinaloa, t. Mexico, on Cinaloa river, which
¦ falls into the gulf of CaUfornia, Lat. 25° 5ff N,
Cincinnati, p-t and cap. Hamilton co. Ohio,

C I R
near the S, W. corner ofthe State, on the N. bank
of Ohio river, 20 m. above the mouth of the
Great Miarai, 93 W. by S, ChilUcothe, 175 N.
E, Louisville, 102 N. N. E. Frankfort, 465 below
Pittsburg, by water. Lon, 84° 27' W. Lat. 39° 6'
N. It is regulaoly laid out, in a pleasant and
healthy situation, and is one of the raost flourish
ing towns west ofthe Alleghany mountains, * The
growth of Cincinnati has been rapid, almost with
out a paraUel, In 1805, the population was 600;
in 1810, 2,540 ; in 1315, it was estimated at 6,500;
and in 1820, it was 9,73i . In 1819, it contained a
court-house, 3 brick market-houses, 4 printing-
office?, asteara flour-mill, built of stone, 9 stories
high, a steam saw-miU, 1 woollen and 4 cotton
factories, 2 glass-houses, and several other manu
facturing establishments ; 4 banks, and a Lancas-
terian school, and 9 or 10 houses of public worship
for different denominations. The funds of the
Lancasterian school have lately been increased by
a subscription of 30,000 doUars, and it is intended
to erect it into a coUege. Cincinnati is the most
flourisliing commercial town between Pittsburg
and New Orleans. About 130,000 barrels of flour
were inspected here during the year ending April
1st, 1819, and more than 120,000 bushels of salt
imported, A company has been recentiy formed
for the purpose of importii^ goods dfrecUy from
Europe, by the way of New Orleans.
Cincinnalus, p-t Cortlandt co. N. Y. 14 m, S,E
Homer, 140 W. Albany. Pop, 2.52.
Cinefi, t, Sicily, 20 m. W. Palermo.
Cingoli, t. Italy, 22 ra. S. W. Ancona.
Cinneroth, in Sac. Geog. See Germesaretli.
Cinqmars, t France, 11 m. N. W. Tours.
Cinque Ports, sea-ports of England, on the
coasts of Kent and Sussex : viz. Dover, Sandwich,
Hithe, Romney, Hastings, Rye, Winchelsea, and
Seaford. Their number was originally five ; the
three last having been added subseqnentiy to the
first institution. They were bound, in considera
tion of certain privUeges, to fumish a number of
vessels, equipped and manned, to be at the dispo
sal of the sovereign in any emergency.
Cintegabdle, t France, 17 ra. S, Toulouse,
Cinthiania, p-t. Harrison co. Ken. on a branch
ofthe Licking river, 13 m. N, Paris, 24N. Lexing
ton. Pop, 369. It contains a bank and an acade
my. Cintra, or Sintra, v. Portugal, in Esfremadura.
It is chosen by the nobility and English residents
in Lisbon for a summer refreat. 15 m. N. W.
Lisbon. Cintruenigo, t. Spain, 9 m. N. W. Cascante.
dotal, La, s-p. France, on the Mediterranean.
It has a good harbour. The neighbourhood is fam
ed for excelleut muscadel wine, whicli forms, with
oil apd fruit, the chief object of exportation. 12
ra. S. E. MarseiUes, 16 W. Toulon.
Cipieres, t. France, in Var. 10 m. N. Grasse,
Cira, t. Sardinia, 3'2 m. N. E. Cagliari.
Circars, Northern, an extensive province of
Hindostan, 60 miles broad, ontiie W. side of the
bay of Geng-al, between 15° and 20° N, lat boun
ded S, E, by the sea, N. by Cuttack, and S, by the
Carnatic, It was divided into five districts, or cir
cars, viz, Guntoor, Condapilly, EUore, Rajamun
dry, and Cicacole, The country is very fertile,,
and produces all kinds of grain, tobacco, sugar;
and cotton. The raanufactures are salt, rauslins,
chintzes, calicoes, andothergoods. Pop.2,500,(X)0,
Uie greater pai-t of whom are Hindoos. This
country was ceded to the British in 1765, who

C I T
have divided it into five districts or collectorships,
over each of which presides a European coUec-
tor, judge, &c,
Circassia, a country of Asia, occupying a great
part of the territory between the Black and the
Caspian seas. It is on the N. decUvity ofthe Cau
casian mountains, and bounded N, by the rivers
Terak and Cuban, The Umits of this country
are very ill defined. The territory so designated,
is actually filled with a multitude of small, inde
pendent, and hostile tribes. They acknowledge a
species of vassalage to Russia, but they neither
pay fribute nor perform military service ; and
even indulge in regular plundering excursions
into the Russi'an territories. The men are tall,
and of an athletic, though slender form ; their
features are expressive, tlieir air haughty and
raartial. The beauty of the females has been
long celebrated throughout Europe ; and Circas
sian captives are considered as the brightest orna
ments of an eastern seraglio,
Circello, or Monte Circello, a promontory, Italy,
in the Campagna di Roma, 28 in. W, Gaeta, 50
S,E. Rome.
CircleviUe, p-t and cap, Pickaway co. Ohio, on
the E, side of the Scioto, 26 ra. S, Columbus, 19
N. ChiUicothe, Lou, 81° W, Lat. 39° 36' N. It
is situated on two mounds of earth, one circular,
the other square ; the areas of which, together,
contain nearly 20 acres. The town is built prin
cipaUy on the circular mound, and hence derives
its name. The adjacent country consists of rich
and fertile lands,
Cirella, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, 8 m. S. S.
E. Scalea. Lon. 15° 56' E. Lat. 39° 48' N.
Cirencester, or Ciceter, t. and borough, Eng. in
Gloucestershire, on the Churn, 89 ra. N. W. Lon
don, 17 S. E. Gloucester. Lon. 2° W. Lat. 51°
44' N. Pop. 4,640.
Cirie, t Piedmont, on the Doria, 8 m. N. N. W.
Turin, Pop, 3,470.
Cirignola, La, t Naples, 30 ra. E. S. E. Lu
cera. Cira, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, 22 ra. N. N,
E. St Severina.
Cisrruir,t. Holstein, 17 ra, N, Traveraunde,
Cismane, t, Venetian territory, at the junction
of the Cisraone and Brenta, 24 ra, N, W, Tre-
•rigio, Cistema, t of the Popedom, 9 m, N, E, Nettuno,
Citadella, t. Venetian territory, 19 m, N. N. W,
Padua. Pop, 6,000.
Citeaux, or Cisteaux, t. France, 3 ra, E, Nuits.
Citluc, t. Dalmatia, 12 ra. N, Narenza,
Cittadella. See Ciudadella.
Citta Ducale, t. Naples, 18 ra, W, Aquila,
Citta Nova, or Nuovo, t. Ecclesiastical State, 6
ra. S. Loretto.
Citta Nuova, maritirae t Istria, 60 m. E, Ven
ice. Lon. 13° 20' E. Lat 45° 35'N.
Citta della Piece, t. States of the Church, 69 m.
N. Rome,
Cilia Vecchio. See Malta.
Citta Viltoriosa, or Borgo di St. Angelo, a for
tified t Malta, on a narrow neck of land with
/a strong citadel. It is sometimes considered as
a suburb of La Valetta,
City-point, p-t, and port of entry, in Bermuda
hijndred. Prince George co. Va, on James river,
20 m. below Richmond, 12 E, Petersburg, 100
above Hampton roads, Lon 77° 31' 30" W, Lat
37° 16' N, Vessels of burden lie at this place to

e L A

183

load, and receive the goods from Richraond in
boats, Civatella, t and duchy, Naples, 34 ra, N, by W,
Aquila, Ciuda della, or Jamna, t. Minorca, onthe N,W,
coast, about 30 m, fr. Port Mahon,
Ciudad, or Cividad Rodrigo, t. Spain, in Leon,
on the Agueda, It is a barrier fort on the side of
Portugal, On 10th of July, 1810, it surrendered
to the French, and continued in their possession
tiU 19lh January, 1812, when it was taken by
storm by Uie Britislfunder lord Wellington, after
a siege of 1 1 d-ays, 30 m. E, by N, Coirabra, 45
S. S, W, Salamanca, 1 10 W. Madrid. Lon. 6° 33'
W, Lat, 40° 52' N. Pop, 10,000.
Ciudad Real. See Chiapa.
Ciudad Real, t Spain, in New Castile, cap, of
La Mancha; long noted for its manufacture of
glove leather. 67 m, S, Toledo. Lon. 4° 3' W.
Lat, 39° N. Pop, 9,000,
Civeaux, v. France, in Vienne, 8 ra. W, Mont-
raorillon, Cividad del Friuli, (an. Forum Julium,) t. Ve
netian territory, on the Natisone, 10 m, N. E.
Udine, Pop, 4,000,
Civita Borella, t. Naples, 50 m. J?. Capua,
Civita Castellana, t. States of the Church, 24 m,
N. Rome.
Civita Ducale, or Reale, t. Naples, 13 m. N. W,
Aquila, r Civita Lavinia, t. Ecclesiastical States, 4 m, fr,
Veletri, Civita Luparella, t Naples, 2 m, N. Civita Bo-
reUo, Civita Mandonia, s-p, Naples, 15 ra, N. N, E.
Bisignano, Lon. 16° 30' E. Lat. 39° 52' N,
Civita Vecchio, s-p. Italy, States of the Church,
and next to Ancona in commercial importance ;
35 m. N, E, Castro, 38 N. W, Rome, Lon. U"
44' 46" E. Lat 42° 5' 24" N.
Civray, t France, 26 m. S. Poitiers.
Clackamiis, r. Columbia-river couutry, joins
the Wallaumut.
Clackmannan, co. Scotland, bounded S. E. by
Fife, S, and S, W, by the river Forth, N, and E.
by the county of Perth, It contains 48 square
miles. Pop. in 1811, 12,010. FamiUes 2,781, of
which nuraber 280 are engaged in agriculture,
and 893 in trade and manufactures,
Clackmannan, t. Scotland, in Clackmannan co.
2 m. E, Alloa, Pop. 3,606,
Clagenfurt, t. Austrian empire, cap, of the
circle of Clagenfurt, on the Glan, 2 miles E, oi
the lake of WorUi, Pop, 10,000, 50 ra. N.
Trieste, 33 S. W. Vienna. Lon. 14° 2ff E. Lat.
46° 37' 10" N.
Claggon Bay, Ireland, on the N. coast of Gal
way, Claggon Point, its cape, is in lat 63° 34' N.
Clairac, t. France, 5 m, S, E, Tonneins, Pop.
5,900, Clairborne, co, Mississippi, on the Mississippi,
Pop, in 1816, 3,506, Slaves, 1,790, Chief town^,
Port Gibson,
Clairborne, co. E, Tennessee, on Clinch river.
Pop. 4,798. Slaves, 327. Chief town, TazeweU.
Clairborne. See Fort Clairborne.
Clamicy, t. France, at the conflux ofthe Yonne
andBeuvron, 18 m, S. Auxerre, Pop, 5,260,
Clara Elf. See Gotha Elf.
Claratumba, t. Poland, 4 m. E. Cracow.
Clare, t. Eng. in Suffolk, on the Stour, 56 m. N.
N, E. London. Pop. 1,170.

1,84

C L A

Clare, co, Ireland, in the province of Munster,
separated by the Shannon from the county of Lim
erick on the S, E. the Atlantic ocean encompasses
it on the W, the bay of Galway bounds it on the
N. and the counties of Galway and Tipperary on
the E. Pop, 100,000, Ennis is the capital,
Clare, v, Ireland, 17 m. N. W, Limerick,
Clare, isl, Ireland, Lon. 9° 23' W, Lat 51°
21' N,
Cloremont, p-t, Cheshire co, N, H, on Connecti
cut river, opposite Windsor, Vt 1 1 m, N. Charles
town, 24 S, Dartmouth CoUege, Pop, 2,094,
Cloremont, co, in Sumpter district, S, C, Chief
town, Statesburg,
Clarence, or Willinck, p-t, Niagara co, N, Y, on
Tonnewanta creek, E. of Buffalo, Pop, 1,331.
Clarence's, (Duke of) Strait, on the N. W. coast
of America, between Duke of York's islands, the
continent and the isles of Gravina on the E, and
Prince of Wales Archipelago on the W,
Clarendon, v. Eng, in Wilts, 77 ra, W, London,
3N,E, Salisbury,
Clarendon, p-t, Rutland co, Vt 28 m. W, Wind
sor, Pop, 1.798.
Claret, t. France, 20 m. N, MontpeUer.
Claret, t. France, 1 1 m. N. Sisteron.
Claritza, s-p. Eu. Turkey, 20 m. E, Larissa,
Lon. 22° 54' E, Lat. 39° 45' N,
Clarke, co. Geo. in the- Western district, boun
ded N. W, by Jackson, S, W, by Apalachie river,
and N. E, by the Oconee, Chief towns, Athens
and WatkinsvUle. Pop. 7,628. Slaves, 2,694.
Clarke, co. Alabaraa, on the W. side of the
Tombigbee. Chief town, Woodstown.
Clarke, co. Ken, Pop, 11,519. Slaves, 2,934.
Chief town, Winchester.
Clarke, co. Ohio, formed in 1818, frora Cham
paign and Green counties. Chief town, Spring
field, Pop, in 1819, 8,065.
Clarke, co. Indiana, on the Ohio. Pop, in 1815,
7,000. Chieftown, Charleston,
Clarke, t Brown co, Ohio,
Clarke, t, Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. S. Wilraing-
ton, Clarke, co. Illinois, bordering on Indiana,
Clarkesborough, p-t, Jackson co. Geo. on a fork
of Oconee river, 10 m. S. Jefferson,
Clarkesburg, t. Berkshire co. Mass, 33 m. N. N.
E. Lenox, 125 W. Boston. Pop. 231.
Clarkesburg, p-t. Montgoraery co. Md. 29 ra. fr.
Washington, Clarkesburg, p-t and cap, Harrison co, Va. on
tile E. side of the Monongahela, 40 m, W, Mor
gantown, Clarkesburg, t. Ross co, Ohio, 16 ra, N, W,
ChilUcothe. Clarke's ferry, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Clarke's Fork, r. Missouri Territory, rises on
the E. side of the Rocky mountains, and falls into
the YeUow Stone, in lat. 46° 35' N,
Clarke's river, Columbia River country, rises in
the Rocky mountains, and after a course of about
900 miles, joins the Colurabia, 600 miles above its
mouth, Clarkestown, p-t and cap, Rockland co, N. Y,
on the Hudson, 38 m. above New- York, Pop,
1,906, Clarkcsvilk, p-t. Greene co. Pa,
Clarkesville, t. Mississippi, on the Mississippi, 30
m. above Natches.
Clarkesville, p-l, and cap, Montgomery co. Ten.
on the N. side of Cumberland river, 30 m. below
^'a«hril)p. Lon. 88° 57' W. Lat. 36° "M' N.

CLE
CktrkesviUe, t. Clinton co. Ohio, 8 m. W, W&.
raington, Clarkesville, t. Clarke co, Indiana, at the foot of
the falls ofthe Ohio, opposite Louisville, Ken, It
has a safe harbour for boats, and was settied in
1783, but contains only about 40 houses.
Clary, t. France, 11 m, S. E. Cambray,
Clatsops, a nation of Indians, about 1,300 in
number, who reside on the S, side of Columbia
river, 2 miles from its mouth.
Clatt, V, Scotland, 10 m, S,Huntly,
Clauda, in Sac. Geog. see Gazzo.
Claveland, Cape, on the E. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 147° 15' E. Lat 19° S.
Claverack, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 3 m. E. Hud
son. Pop. 3,693. It has a very rich soil, and the
inhabitants are wealthy farmers. The viUage is
on Claverack creek, which faUs into Kinderhook
creek, 1 mile frora the Hudson.
Clavijo, V. Spain, 6 m. fr. Logrono.
Clausen am Eisach, t. Tyrol, 9 m. S. W , Brixen.
Clausenburg, t. cap.of Transylvania, and of Clau
senburg CO, on the Littie Szamos, surrounded
on aU sides by lofty mountains. Pop, in 1797,'
14,622, 145 m. N. N, E, Belgrade, 225 E. S, E,
Vienna, Lon. 23° 34' 43" E. lat 46° 44' S' N,
Cla-usnitz, t Saxony, 14 m. S. S, E, Freyberg.
Ckmstlial, t Hanover, in the Upper Hiu'tz,
Here is the silver mint for that part of the JHartz
which belongs to Hanover. The inhabitans, who
amount to 8,fXX), are almost all miners. 25 m. Ji.
E. Nordheim, Lon, 10° 20' E, Lat. 51° 48' N.
Cloy, t Eng. in Norfolk. Here 'are extensive
salt-works. Pop. 596, 123 m, N. E, London.
Clay, CO, Ken, Pop. 2,398- Slaves 141. Chief
town, Manchester.
Claye, t. France, 16 m. E. Paris,
Clay ponds, place on Cape Cod, Mass, on which
a light-house is erected, about 200 feet high,
Claysvilk, p-v, Washington co. Pa.
Clayton, t. Eng. in Yorkshfre, 2 m. S. W. Brad
ford. Pop, 2,469,
• Clayton, t. Perry co. Ohio, 8 m. E. Somerset
Clayton's store, p-v. CampbeU co. Va.
Ckar, Cape, Ireland, tiie S. exfremity ofthe
island of Clear. Lon. 9° 24' W. Lat 51° 19' N.
Ckar creek, Oliio, empties into the Miami from
the E. below FrankUn.
Ckar creek, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 9 m. S. W.
Lancaster. Ckar creek, t. Warren co. Ohio.
Clearfield, co.inthe central partofPa.onacreek
which runs intothe W. branch ofthe Susquehan
nah. Pop. 876.
Clearfield, t, Clearfield co. Pa, Pop. 875.
Clearfield, t BuUer co. Pa. Pop. 228.
Ckcy, t France, 10 ra, W, Falaise.
Cledagh, the asiae of several rivers in Wales,
Of these, one faUs into the Usk, iu Monraouthshire ;
anotiier into the Neath, in Glamorganshire; anoth
er into the MuUivey, in CaermarUienshfre ; and
another into the Clethy, in Pembrokeshire,
Cleden, t France, 6 m. W. Pontcroix,
Cleden, t. France, 5 ra. S. W. Carhaix.
Clees, Les, t. Switzerland, 8 m. S. W. Yverdun,
Ckgnerec, t, France, in Morbihan, lira, N.W,
Pontivy. Pop, 4,000.
Clenze, t. Hanover, 30 m. S, E, Luneburg. ,,
Clcobury, or Cleobury Mortimer, t. Eng, in Shrop-.
shire, ou the Teme, Pop, 1,682, 7 m, S, W,
Tenbury, Gierke's Island, in the Pacifis ocean, Lon,
190° 30' E.Lat, 63° 15'N,

C L I
¦Clerke's Rocks, a cluster of rocky islets in the
AUantic ocean, about 37 m, S, E. ofthe island of
Georgia, Lat 65° S,
Clermont, t. France, in Puy de Dorae, The ca
thedral, which stands in the centre of Uie town, is
one of the finest in France, The commerce of this
glace is considerable ; it is the entrepot of the
greatest part of the trade caiTied on between the
S; W, part of France and Paris, as well as that
carried ou between Lyons and Bourdeaux, From
it likewise several neighbouring departments re
ceive the greatest part of their imports. Here
are manufactures of paper, hats, leather, pottery,
Unen, serge, ratteens, druggets, and other woollen
stuffs. 50 m, S. MouUns, 78 W. Lyons, 232 S. Pa
ris. Lon, 3° 6' E. Lat 45° 46' N.
Clermont, t France, 9 m. W, Agen,
Clermont, v. France, 12 ra, N. Grenoble,
Clermont, t. Savoy, 25 m. N, Chamberry.
Clermont, v, France, 8 m, from Liraoux,
Clerpwnt, t. France, 12 m.W. S. W, Verdun,
Clermont, t. Columbia co, N, Y. on the Hudson,
15 m. below JI udson, 46 below Albany, Pop,
1,090. The elegant country-seat of the late Rob
ert R. Livingston is in this town.
Clermont, co. S. W. part of Ohio, on Ohio river.
Pop. in 1815, 12,240. Chief town, Williams
burg. '
Clermont en Beouvaisis, t France, 38 ra. N,
Paris. Pop, 2,100.
Clermont Lodeve, t. France, 12 ra. W, Montpe
Uer, Pop. 6,430.
Clethy, r. 'Wales, which joins the Dungledy, 4
m. N. Pembroke.
Cleveland, a district, Eng, in Yorkshire, ou the
borders of Durham.
Ckvelond, p-t and cap. Cuyahoga ' co. Ohio, at
the mouth of Cuyahoga river, on Lake Erie, 64 ra.
N. W. Warren, 150 N. E. Columbus, 60 E. San
dusky, 180 W. Buffalo, 131 N. W. Pittsburg, Pa.
Lon. 81° 46' W, Lat 41° 31' N. R has a bank. R
is favourably situated for trade, and is one of the
principal places of embarkation on the Lake,
Cleves, formerly a duchy in the circle of West
phalia, on the frontier of HoUand, lying on both
sides of the Rhine, and containing 880 square
miles, with a population of 125,000, and yields
a yearly revenue of more than 200,000/, ster
ling. It now forms part of the province of Ju-
Uers-Cleves-Berg, which belongs to the king of
Prussia, , .
Cleves, or Ckve, the capital of the district 5i'
Cleves, in the province of Juliers-Cleves-Berg,
is pleasanUy situated, about 24 miles from the
Rhine, (with which it has communication by a
canal,) and nearly 8 miles frota the Maese, 12 m,
S, E. Nimeguen, 65 N, W, Cologne, 70 S, E, Ara-
sterdara, Lon, 6° 7' 6" E, Lat 61° 47' 40" N,
Pop, 5,000,
Cleves, t. King George's co. Va, on the Rappa
hannock, 2 m. N. Port Royal,
Cleves, t. Hamilton co, Ohio, at the N, ben^ of
the Ohio, 16 m. W, Cincinnati.
Clew Bay, on the W. coast of Ireland. Lat 53°
49' n:
Clifford, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop, 675,
Clifton, V. Eng, in Gloucestershire, 1 ra. W.
Bristol, It can scarcely be exceeded in romantic
scenery. Pop- in 1811, 6,981,
Clifton, t Eng, 6 ra. N. Manchester.
Clifton, V, Eng, in Yorkshire, in lat 63° 27' 32"
N, lon, 1° 12' 23" W,

C L t

185

Clifton, t' Buckinghara co. Lower Canada, on
the head waters of the St Francis,
Clinch, r. Ten. rises in Virginia, and running S,
W, into Tennessee, unites with the Holston at
Kingston, to forra the Tennessee, It is navigable
for boats 200 railes.
Clinch mountain. Ten. divides the waters of
Clinch and Holston rivers,
Clingen, t. Gerraany, in tlie principality of
Schwarzburg-Sondershausen, on the Elbe.
Clinovo, or Kliuno, t. Turkish Dalmatia, 30 m,
E. N. E, Spalatro, X
Clinton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada.
Clinton, t. Lincoln co. Up, Canada, on lake'
Ontario. Clinton, p-t. Kennebec co, Maine, 26 m. N,
Augusta. Pop, 1,060,
Clinton, CO. in the N, E, part of N. Y, bounded
N, by Canada, E, by lake Champlain, S. by Essex
CO, and W, by Franklin co. Pop. 8,032. Chief
town, Plattsburg.
Clinton, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. on Hudson
river, below Hudson. Pop. 6j494. It contains 3
post- villages, Staatsberg, Pleasant Valley, and
Hyde-park, and 8 houses of public worship, 3 for
Quakers, 2 for Presbyterians, 1 for Dutch Re
formed, 1 for Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians ; and
has many raanufactures.
Clinton, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y, in the N, part of
the township of Paris, pleasantly situated on Oris-
kany creek, 9 m, W, S, W, Utica, 109 W, N, W.
Albany, Hamilton college, near this village, was incor
porated in 1812, and has been liberally patronized
by the legislature, and by individuals. It has a
president, and 3 professors, Viz,. 1 of languages, 1
of raatheraatics and natural philosophy, and I of
chemistry ; 2 tutors ; a library of about 2,000
volumes ; and, in 1816, 69 students. The college
buildings are about a mUe west of the village, ou
a high hill, commanding a very extensive pros
pect <l!They consist of an elegant stone edifice, 4
stories high, containing 32 rooms for students, and
another 3 stories, containing a chapel, library
room, aud laboratory. The number of students
is fast increasing, and in 1820 the trustees peti
tioned the legislature for a grant to enable them to
erect a new building for their accomraodation,
and for assistance in completing the chemical and
philosophical apparatus,
Clinton, p-t. and cap, Jones co, Geo, 20 m. W,
MiUedgeviUe, Clinton, p-t, Anderson co. Ten, on the N. side
of Clinch river, N, W. KnoxviUe,
Clinton, %o, Ohio, between Warren and Fay
ette counties. Pop. in 1815, 4,600. Chieftown,
Wilmington. Clinton, p-t. Knox co. Ohio, on Owl creek, 14
m. N. 'W. Mount Vernon, 44 N. E. Columbus.
Clinton, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 3 ra. N. Colum
bus. Pop, in 1819, 500,
Clinton, t. Jackson co. Ohio,
ClintonviUe, p-v. Onondaga co, N, Y, *
Clissa, V. Dalraatia, 10 m. N,' Spalatro.
Ctisson, t France, in Lower-Loire, 13 m, S, E.
Nantes, Lon. 1° 12' W, Lat. 47° 3' N.
ditch, isl. in the E, Indian oce^n, Lon, 117° 1'
E, Lat. 8° 9' S,
Clithero, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 31 m, N. Man
chester, Clivegir, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 3 m, S, E. Burn
ley.

24

1S6

C O A

Ckche, La, a small isl, in lake Huron, Lon,
81°48'W, Lat 45° 43' N,
Clockville, p-v, Madison co, N, Y,
Clodagh, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough
Erne, 8 m, S, Enniskillen,
Clody, r, Ireland^ which runs into the Bann, 3
m, S, Kilrea,
Clogher, v, Ireland, in Tyrone co. It is the see ,
of a bishop, 70 m. N, N, W, Dublin, Lon, 7°
5' W. Lat, 54° 25' N,
ChgherHead, cape, on the E, coast of Ireland,
Lon, 6° 12' W, Lat, 53° 47' N.
Clolugh, r, Ireland, which runs into the Sufr, 7
m. W, N, W, Waterford,
Clondkilty, t. freland, 20 m. S, W, Cork,
Clonard, v, Ireland, 11 m, S. S, W, Trim,
' Clones, t, Ireland, 10 m, S, W, Monaghan.
' Cloitfert, v, Ireland, 36 ra. E. Galway. ;
Cknmell, t Ireland, on the Suir, which is navi-
gablrto Waterford," 22 ra, W, N. W, Waterford.
Lon, 7° 42' W, Lat 52° 14' N,
Clonmess, isl, on the N. W. coast of Ireland, 25
m. N. W. Londonderry.
Clonmines, t, Ireland. 15 m. S, W. Wexford,
Clonlare, v. Ireland, 2i m, N. E, frora the castle
6f Dublin, ,
Chster-Seeen^ t Gerraany, 24 m, N, N, E, Bre
men. Cloten, V. Switz. 6 m. N. N. E. Zurich.
Ckva. See Cortdchy and Clova.
Clover-dcUe, p-v. Botetourt co. Va,
Cktier-gardert, p-v, Chatham co, N, C,
Cloughmills, p-v, Laurens co, S, C,
Clowey, lake, N, America, Lon, 106° 15'W,
X,at 62° 2ff NV It conununicates, by CloWey
river, withSlave lake.
CkynC, t Ireland, 12 m, E, Cork. It is a bish
op's see,
Cluden, or Caitn, r. Scotiand, which runs into
the Nith, 3 m, N, Dumfries,
Clugny, isl. in the Indian ocean, Lon, 68'' 40'
E. Lat 48° 46' S. tte
Cluny, or Clugni, t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 46 m. N. N, W, Lyons, Lon, 4° 4ff E,
Lat 46° 26' N, ' Pop, 4,200.
Clus, t, Switz, 10 m, N, E, Soleure,
Cliise, La, t. Savoy, 23 m. S. E, Geneva,
Clusone, t. Italy, 18 ra, N, E. Bergarao,
Clwyd, r. Wales, in Denbighshire, which falls
into the Irish sea, 6 m. below St Asaph.
Clybea, v. Africa, 42 in. E, Tunis,
* Clyde, T. Scotiand, rises in the S. part of La-
' -aiarkshire, and passing by Lanark, Hamilton, Glas
gow, Renfrew, Dumbarton, &c, forms an arm of
the sea, called the frith of Clyde, It is navigable
to Glasgow,
Clyde, r. Vt, runs into lake Memphramagog, in
Derby, Clydesdale. See Lanark.
Clytkness, cape, Scotland, on the coast of Caith
ness, Lon, 3° 18' W. Lat 58° 2ff N. ;
Coo, r. Portugal, which falls into the Duero, 12
91, S, St Joanne de Fesquiera,
Caa, isl, in the E, Indian sea, Lon, 121° 51' E.
Lat8°6ff S,
Coalmines, p-v. Chesterfield co, Va,
Coabmouth, p-v. Kanhawa co. Va,
Coanama, r. Guiana, which runs into the At
iantic, Lon, 54° W, Lat, 6° 35' N,
Coanawini, r. Guiana, which runs into the At
lantic, Lon, 51° 56' W, Lat, 2° 56' N,
Coango, r. W, Africa, and one of the principal
tributaries to the Congo or Zaire,

C O C
Coansa, r. W, Africa, which runs into the .It-
lantic, Lon, 13° 2ff E, Lat 9° 30' S,
Coari, or Carori, r. S, America, whicfrfalls mto
the Amazons in about 4° 5' S. lat
Coasina,*. Corsica, 22 m, N, Porto Vecchia,
Coast, Cape. See Cape Coast.
Coateivilk, p-v, Chester co. Pa,
Coatlan, r, Mexico, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, Lat 15° 12' N.
Coavo, r, E, Africa, which faUs mto the Indian
ocean, Lat8°4ffS, .
Coautla, t New Spain, 75 m. S. Mexico,
Cobaeva, isl- •'» the Caribbean sea, near the
coast ctfS, America, Lon, 64° 26' W. Lat 10°
5ff N,
Coban. See Vera Paz.
Cobbe, t. Africa, in Darfur ; a place of conside- ¦
rable commerce. Pop, 6,000. Lon. 28° « E,
Lat, 14° 11' N, , - . , .
Cobbesseconte, r. Kennebec co, Maine, is formed
of two branches, which unite in Gardiner, and
falls into the Kennebec,
CobelskUl, or Cobuskill, p-t Schoharie co. N,Y.
on Cobus creek, 7 m, W. Schoharie, 35 fr. Alba
ny. Pop. 2,494. .
Cobham, t Surry co. Va. on tiie S. banfe of
James river, opposite Jamestown, 8 or 9 m. S.W,
WiUiamsbnrg. Gobi, an immense desert,, in Chinese Tartary,
lying N. W. of China proper. The Chinese call
it Chamo or Shamo. Its dimensirais are variously
estimated, but it is at least 300 mUes long, and
300 broad, and consists of vast plains of sand,
sometimes moveable, and sometimes firm.
Cobijah, s-p. Peru, near Atacama. Lat 22°
25' S. i ^
Coblents, t. of the Prassian states, cap. of .Uie
province of the Lower Rhine, and the fonner
capital of the electorate of Treves, stands inia
delightful country, at the conflux of the Rhine
and Moselle, opposite the forfress of Ehrenbreit-
stein.. The situation ofthe place is highly fe-
vourable for trade, as it has dfrect communication
with France by the MoseUe, and 'with Germany
and Switzerland by the Rhine. 36 m. N. W.
Mentz, 48 S. E. Cologne, 54 N. E. Treves. Lon.
7° 33' E. Lat, 50° 22" N.
Coblents, t. Switz. 10 ra. N. N. W. Baden.
Cobro River. See Ancober.
Cobre, El, t Cuba, 10 m. W. St Jago. .Lor
Cobscook, p-t. Washington co. Maine. -
Coburg, or Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld, aduchy,cMn-
posed of detached territories, the largest of which
lies in the cenfre of Germany, and is bounded by
Bavaria on the S. aud on aU other sides by
Schwarzburg, and other Saxon ducal possessions,
and the principalities of Schwarzburg. Since
1816, it has been composed of the principaUty of
Coburg, the principality of Saalfeld (or &e Saal
feld portion of Altenbui-g), the bailiwick of The-
mar, and a district in Uie former department of
Sarre, on tiie west side of the Rhine ; the whole
containing 672 sq. miles. Pop. 80,012. The in
habitants are genelrally Lutherans.
Coburg. the capital of the foregoing duchy, is
on the Its' or Itsch. It is the ordinary residence
of the duke, and has a celebrated academy. 23
m. N, Bamberg, 40 S. S. W. Weimar, 100 E, N.
E. Frankfort on the Maine. Lon. 10° 58'' E.
Lat 50° 15'18"N.
Coca, t. Spain, 22 p. N. W. Segovia.
Coca, r. S. America, in Quito, formed by the
different streams which rise in the mountain ues-

C O c
ert of" Cotopaxi. It holds for a great extent, on a
parallel course with the Nato, into which it faUs
about 200 leagues before its junction with the
Amazon. Cocconato, t. Piedmont, 20 m. N. Asti,
Coc/ia, two settiements, Peru ; and one, Quito.
Coclwbamba, province, Buenos Ayres, bounded
N. by the Andes, S, E,by Misque, S, by Charcas,
S. W. by Oruro, W, and N, W, by Cicasica, It
is smaU, but wonderfully fertile, producing grain
and sugar in abundance. The inhabitants are
active and industrious, and during the late wars
in Europe, supplied the whole interior with glass
and cotton manufactures, Sq, miles, 3,400, Pop.
100,000, Cache, isl, in the Atlantic, Lon. 64° W. Lat
10° 46' N.
Cocheco, or Dover river, N. H. runs into the Pis-
cataqua, 4 m. below Dover,
Cocheim, tGermany, on the Moselle, 27 m. S.
W, Coblentz, Lon, 7° 7' E, Lat 50° 12' N,
Cochin, a small province of India, on the W,
side of the peninsula, bounded N, by Calicut E,
by Dindigul, S. by Travancore, and W. by the
sea. Its chief products are rice, pepper, cocoa
¦ nuts, and teak timber. The rajah is under the
protection of the British,
Cochin, s-p. Hind, and cap, of Cochin, is on an
> ^land at the mouth of the Cali Coylang river. It
'was founded by the Portuguese in 1503, taken by
the Dutch in 1663, and retained by them tiU 1795,
when it was taken by the EngUsh, who still hold
it. An extensive comraerce is carried on with
Arabia, Persia, Bengal; and the sea coast of India,
Eon, 76° 8' E, Lat 9° 68' N,
Cochin-China, a country, in the S, E, of Asia,
forming partof the peninsula between China and
Hindostan, It extends upwards of 400 miles along
¦the sea of China, between 11° and 17° N. lat,
and has for its inland boundaries Tungquin, Laos,
Cambodia, and Tsiompa, It consists of a long
plain or sfripe, included between the sea coast,
and a chain of mountains. This plain is of most
exuberant fertility, producing copiously all the
tropical productions, particularly rice and sugar.
During the last 20 years, Cochin-China has been
troubled with violent civil wars, in the course of
which, the contending parties made great efforts
to form an array and navy after the European
model. In the course of two years, the reigning
prince constructed 300 large gun-boats, five lug-
"gers, and a frigate ; he also formed his land forces
-into regular regiments, and procured the transla-
- tion of a system of raUitary tactics. His army is
estimated at 113,000 men, of whom about 40,000
• are trained in the European manner. Within a
few years, he has subjected the neighboring coun-
fries of Tungguin, Cambodia, and Tsiompa, The
country has been repeatedly invaded by the Chi
nese, but -without success;
The reigning reUgion is that of Aubuddha, — The
frade is principally with China, to which it ex-
¦ ports sugar, particularly sugar-candy, woods,
canes, spices, drugs, and gold.
'¦ ¦' f^ochran^ store, p-v. Persoii co. N. C.
¦ Cochransvilk, p-t. Chester co. Pa.
Cochrane, Point, on the N. W. coast of Ameri
ca, in Prince WiUiam sound. Lon. 212° 16' E.
Lat 60° 46' N,
Cockbume, N. H. See Columbia.
Cockbtam Islands, near the N, E, coast of New
HoUand, Lon, 217° 18' W, Lat, 11° 52' S,

COG

18T

Cockbums-path, r. Scotland, 74 m. S. E. Dun
bar. Cocke, CO. E. Tennessee, on the S. side ofFrench
Broad river- Pop, 6,154, Slaves, 436, Chisf
town, Newport,
Cockeneie, s-p, Scotiand, 14 ra. N, E. Preston-
pans. Cocker, r. Eng. joins the Derwent, at Cooker-
mouth. Cockermouth, t. Eng. in Cumberland, at the
confluence of the Cocker an^ Derwent, 12 m. S.
by E. Keswick. Pop. 2,964.
Coco, r, Mexico, faUs into the Pacific, Lat, 7°
8'N, Coco, isl, near the coast of vVeragua, Lon, 82"
3ff W,
Cocoa Island, part of the group of the Pdggy
islands, near the west coast of Sumatra. Lat. ^
29' S.
Cocoa Nut Bay, ou the W, coast of Roberts'
island, Lon. 219° 48' E. Lat 7° 35' S.
Cocoa Nut Point, the S. extreraity of the island
of Gilolo. Lon. 128° 26' E. Lat. 0° 44' S.
Cocorocuma, isl. in the Spanish main. Lon. 82°
26' W. Lat I5°5ffN.
Cocas Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 273° 6' E.
Lat 5° 35'N.
Cocumont^ t. France, 6 m. S. W. Marmande.
Codbeck, r. Eng, in Yorkshire, joins the WiUo'W-
beck at Dalton,
Coddors, r. Asia, which falls into the Black sea,
Lon. 42° 14' E. Lat 44° N.
Code, r. Panama, runs into the Spanish main, in
lon, 80° 35' W,
Codogno, (Cotanewm,) t, Lonibardy, near the
conflux of the Adda and the Fo, 4 m, "W, Pizzighi-
tone. Pop, 8,000, ...
Cordolan, Cope, on Formentera, one of the Pi-
thyusae islands, Lon, 1° 30' E, Lat 38° 41' N.
Codolsberg, t. Bavaria, 8 m. W. Nuremberg.
> ' Codorus, r. York co. Pa. runs into the Susque
hannah. Codorus, t. York co. Pa. on the Codorus. Pop.
1,975. Codrell, isl. off the coast of Minorca.
Codropioj tltaly, in FriuU, on the Stella, 10 m;
S. S, W, Udina,
Cod's ferry, p-v, Wabash co, lUinois,
:Coei. r See Allighur.
Coevorden, fortified t, Netherlands, on the river
Aa, It is one of the strongest fortresses of Hol
land, forming the key to Groningen, Overyssel,
and Friesland, 30 m, S, Groningen. Lon. 6°
33'E. Lat 52° 42'N.
Coeuvrm, t. France, 8 m, S, W, Soissons,
Coeymans, p-t, Albany co. N, Y, on the Hudson,
i> 11 ra, below Albany. Pop, 3,574,
Coese, t. Savoy, 10 m, S, E, Charaberry,
Coffey's ferry, p-v, Pulaski cb. Ken.
Cogazza, t. Lombardy, 6 ra, N, N, W, Brescia,
Coggeshall, t. Eng, in Essex, on the Blackwater,
44 m; N, ,E, London, Pdp; 2,471,
Coghnawaga, Indian village, Huntingdon co,
Lowor CanBSfe, on the S, side of the St, Law
rence, Pop, 900, Here is a church, and a mis
sionary's house.
Cognac, or Coignae, t France, ina fertile tract,
: on the Charente, Here is made the famousi Cog
nac brandy, 300 m, S,S. W.Paris, Lon, 19' 51"
W, Lat. 46=' 41' 49" N, Pop, 2,850,
Cogni. See Conielu
Gogueto, or Cogorete, t, Geaaese territory; saiiJ

188 C O L
to be the birth place of Columbus. 9 m. E. S. E.
Savona. Cohanzy, or Casarea creek, N. J. rises in Salem
CO. and passing tlirough Cumberland co. falls into
Delaware river, opposite Borabay Hook. It is
navigable for vessels of 100 tons, to Bridgetown,
20 m, from its mouth,
Cohasset, s-p, and p-t Norfolk co. Mass, 25 ra,
E. Dedhara, 25 S, E, Boston, Pop, 994, Cohas
set rocks, which have been fatal to many vessels,
lie off this place, 3 m, from the shore,
Coilady, t. Hind. 15 m, E, Trichinopoly,
Coimbetoor, a district, in the S, of India, be
tween 10° and 12° N. lat bounded S. by Dindi
gul, E, by Salem and Kistnagherry, N. by My
sore, and W, by Malabar, It has been in the pos
session of the EngUsh since 1799, and is governed
by a European judge, collector, &c, under the
presidency of Madras: Coimbetoor, the capital,
is defended by a citadel, Lon, 77° 6' E, Lat 10'
S8'N, Coimbra, city, Portugal, cap, of Beira, on the
N, bank of the Mondego, It is the see of a bish
op, and has a cathedral, 8 parish churches, and
several convents, and a celebrated university.
The university consists of 18 colleges, -with 39
professors, and on an average, 800 students. This
place was formerly the residence of the kings of
PortugaL 60 m. S, S, E. Oporto, 96 N, N, E.
Lisbon, Lon. 8° 24' 44" W, Lat. 40° 12' 30" N.
Pop. 11,871.
Coincy, t. France, 6 m. N, Chateau Thierry,
Coire, t. Switzerland, cap, of the canton of the
Grisons, on the Plessur, near its junction -with the
Rhine, Which here begins to be navigable by rafts,
65 m, S, Constance, Lon. 9° 25' E. Lat 46° 50'
N, Pop, 2,500,
Coitsvilk, t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m, S, E.
Warren, Pop. 429.
Cokalahiskit, r. N. America, rises in the Rocky
mountains, and, after a course of about 300 miles,
enters Clark's river, a branch of the Columbia,
iplon. 113° W. lat about 47° N.
Col de Balaguer. See Balaguer.
Colaba, isl. on W. coast of Hind. 20 m. S. Bombay.
Colalto, t Venetian territory, 14 m. N. Tre-
vigo. Colangadu, t Malabar. Lon. 76° 49' E. Lat
10° 42' N.
Colapoor, a small independent Mahratta state,
onthe W. coast of India, between 15°and 17° N.lat.
lying directly N. of the territory of Goa. It is the
only state on the W, coast totally independent of
the British, Colapoor, the capital, is in lat, 15°
4ffN, Color, t. Hind, and cap, of a small district of the
same name, 135 ra, W, Madras, 35 E, N, E,
Bangalore, Lon, 78° 19' E, Lat, 13° 8' N,
Colbene, s-p, Tripoli, 90 ra. S, E, Mesurata,
Golberg, s-p, of the Prassian states, in Farther
Poraerania, on the Pcrsante, 4 a raile frora its
mouth, with a harbour in the Baltic, It is a for
tress of some importance, 124 m, N, E, Berlin,
Pop, 4,499. Lon, 15° 27' E. Lat, 54° 8' N.
Colchagua, province. Chili, extending from the
Andes to the Pacific, 120 miles long, from E, to
W, and 96 broad. The capital is San Fernando,
Pop. 15,000.
Colchester, t Eng, in Essex, on the Colne. It
has been encircled by waUs, still partly standing,
and contains a castle, which was a place of great
strength. It has 12 parish churches. The prin
cipal manufacture consists of wooUen cloths, pai'-

COL
ticularly baize. Vessels of 100 tons or more eau
come up to the town. Pop. 12,544. 18 m. S. S.
W. Ipswich, 51 N. E, London,
Colchester, t Essex co. Up, Canadaj-on Lake
Erie, at the mouth of Detroit river,
Colchester, t. Chittenden co, Vt on Lake Cham-.
plain, at the mouth of Onion river, 5 m, N. Bur
lington, Pop, 657,
Cokhester, p-t New-London co, Ct 15 m, W.
Norwich, 26 S, E. Hartford, Pop, 2,697, Bacoa
Academy, in this town, was founded in 1801, Its
funds are $30,000. It is a flourishing institution,
and has annually about 90 scholars. The acade
my-building is of brick, 75 feet by 34,
Cokhester, p-t Delaware co. N. Y. 21 m. S.
Delhi, Fop, 886,
Cokhester, t, Fairfax co, Va, on Occoquam
creek, 4 ra. above its confluence -with the Potomac,
16 ra. S. W. Alexandria, 106 N. Richmond. The
creek is navigable to this place for boats.
Colding, or Koldingen,t. Denmark, in Jutiand,
onthe E. coast 24 ra. N. E. Ripen. 65 N.N.
W. Sleswick. Lon. 9° 29° E. Lat 55° 3ff N.
Cold creek, Ohio, runs N. and falls into Sandus
ky bay, a Uttle W. of Sandusky. Its source is a
large spring covering an acre'and a half of ground.
Cole river, N. H. runs into Connecticut river at
Walpole. Cold spring, p-v. Cape May co. N. J.
Cold-spring cove, near BurUngton N. J.
Cold-stream mills, p-v Hampshire co. Va.
Cok river, Va. runs into the Kenhawafrom the
S. in lon. 81° 30' W.
Cokbrook Dale, vaUey, Eng. ia Shropshire, on
the banks of tjie Severn, Its iron works are the
raost extensive in England, 14 m, S. E. Shrews
bury. Cokbrook, p-t Coos co. N. H, 40 m. N, Lancas
ter, 111 N, Concord, Pop, 325.
Cokbrook, p-t Litchfield co. Ct 18 m. N. N.E.
Litchfield. Pop. 1,243. Here are iron-works^
aud several mills on StiU river, a water of Far-
mington river.
Cokbrook dale, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 792.
Coleraine, t. Ireland, on the Bann, 4 miles firom
the sea. 25 m. E. N. E. Londonderry. Loa 6°
29' W. Lat 65° 8'N. Pop. 4,500.
Coleraine, p-t FrankUn co. Mass. 5 m. N. W.
Greenfield. Pop, 2,016.
Colerain, p-t Bertie co. N. C,
Coleraine, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 834.
Coleraine, v. Camden co, Geo. on the St. Ma
ry's river, 30 m. above St Mary's.
Coleraine, t. Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 876,
Coleraine, t, Ross co. Ohio, 15 m. N. E, ChiUi
cothe, Pop. in 1819, 850.
Coleraine, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on Miami river,
15 m. above its junction with the Ohio. Pop.
1,058. Coleraine, t Belraont co. Ohio, N. E. Clairs
ville. Pop. in 1819, 650.
Coleshill, t Eng, in Warwickshire, 10 m, E.
Birraingham, Pop, 1,631,
ColesviUe, p-v, in Windsor, Broome co, N, Y.
Colesville, p-v, Montgomery co, Md, f
ColesviUe, p-v, Chesterfield co, Va, «
Colford, t Eng, Gloucestershire, 5 m, S,>E.
Monmouth, Colin, t. Bohemia, on Uie Elbe, 28 m, E.
Prague, Collahuae, a province of Peru, directiy N, of
Arequipa, It is 62 leagues long, and 16 wide.
The capital is CaiUom?.,

COL

e o L

189

eo//e Du», t, Naples, 23 ra, S, W, Aquila.
Colleda, t, Germany, 12 ra, N, Weimar,
Colkn, t Prussia, 18 m, S, E, Heilsberg,
Collemore's ridge, a plantation in Lincoln co,
Maine, Pop, 46.
Colleton, district, S. C. Pop. 26,359. Slaves,
21,868. Chief town, Dorchester, or Parker's
Ferry, CollinsviUe, p-v, Pluntington co. Pa,
CoUioure, a strong t, France, in Eastern Py
renees, on the coast of the Mediterranean, 16 m.
S, E. Perpignan. Lat 42° 31' 32" N.
Collong, isl. in the straits of Malacca, Lon, 101°
3ffE.Lat3°2'N, CMumpton, t Eng, II m. N, Exeter,
Colmar, t France, cap, of Upper Rhine, on the
Fecht and Laucht, which fall near this into the
Thur. The latter river discharges itself into the
IU, about a league frora Colraar, and rendering it
navigable, facilitates gfeatiy the intercourse of the
town -with Strasburg, 34 m, S, S, W, Strasburg,
Lon, 7° 22' 26" E, Lat, 48° 4' 44" N, Pop,
14,000, Colmenar de Orejo, t, Spain, in Toledo, disfrict
of Ocana, 21 m. N, W, Talavera de la Reyna,
Colmenar Viejo, t. Spain, 28 ra, N, Madrid,
Colmnits, t. Germany, 6 m. E. Freyberg,
Coin, r. Eng. which falls into the Thames at
Staines ; anoUier in Essex, which passes by Col
chester, ' -
Colnbrook, t, Eng, 17 m. W, London.
Colne, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 32 m, N, Manches
ter, Pop, 5,366.
Colnett, Cape, on the coast of New California,
Lat 30° 67'>N,.
Cok, t..Poland, 20 m. N, Kalisch,
Cokca, t, S, America, in Buenos Ayres, 12 m, N,
Santa Cruz dp la Sierra,
Cokgna, t. Italy, 20 ra, S, Vicenza, Pop,
6,200," Cologn, a secularised archbishoprick, and elec
torate of Germany, which now forms part of the
grand duchy of the Lower Rhine, belonging to
Prussia, Length about 90 railes ; breadth 14,
Pop, 217,000.
Cologne, city, Germany, is built on the left
bank ofthe Rhine, in the form ofa crescent, close
to the river, and fortifled in the ancient manner.
It has long held a conspicuous rank in Catholic
Germany, both from the influence of its university,
and the number and zeal of its clergy. There are
9 collegiate churches, 2 abbeys, 19 parish church
es, 17 monasteries, 39 nunneries, and 49 chapels.
From its favourable situation on the Rhine, it has
been noted for its comraerce. The exports are
wine, timber, earthen ware, slates, &c. The
principal manufactures are linen, woollen, and
silk stuffs, with lace, thread, and the famous Co
logne water, 20 m. S. E, Dusseldorf, Lat. 60°
S5'N; Pop. SOjOOO,
Cologny, t. Switzerland, 2 m, N, E, Geneva,
Caldguola, t, Eombardy, 16 m, E, Bergamo,
Colombia, republic of, a narae recently given by
the Spanish Patriots to nearly the whole of S,
America north of the equ'ator, including the for
mer •viceroyalty of New' Grenada, and captain-
generalship of Caraccas, But the independence
of this country is not firmly established. See Ca
raccas. Colombo, the capital of Ceylon, and the seat
of the British government on that island, is
on the W. coast, in lat. 7° 4' N. The city is
regularly built, though few of the houses are

above one story high. The inhabitants are a mix
ture of aU the nations of the east The harbor is
nothing more than an open road, affording safe
anchorage only four raonths in the year, viz. from
December to April ; but, previous to the change
of the monsoon in May, all vessels are obliged to |le- '
part. The neighbouring district produces the best
of cinuaraon, which, with pepper, betel nut, ivory,
and pearls, constitute the principal exports. The
Baptists and Wesleyan Methodists have raissiona
ries and schools in Colorabo. Lon. 79° 50' E.
Lat. 7° 4' N. Pop. 60,000.
Coloms, isl. Minorca, 2 m. from Cabo Buffara.
Coloni, V. Palestine, 12 ra. W. Jerusalera.
Colfini, Cape, on the W. coast of A. Turkey.
Lon. 26° 36' E. Lat. 39° 24' N,
Colonic, t Albany co, N , Y. on the W, side of the
Hudson, 1 ra, above Albany, Pop, 1,406. Here
are various manufactures, and a State arsenal, .
The village of Colonic is now annexed to the city
of Albany, Colonna, t. Ecclesiastical States, 12 m, from
Rorae. Colonna, Cape, Naples, on the E, coast of Cala
bria. Lon. 17° 29' E. Lat 39° 6' N.
Colonna, Cape, the S. E, point of Livadia.
Colonni, Cape, the S. point of Samos, Lon, 24°
2' E, Lat 37° 41' N,
Colonni, Cape, on the Morea, Lon, 24° 2' K,
Lat 37° 36' N,
Colpo, r. Quito, falls into the Pacific, iu lat,
58° N,
Colorado, r. N, America, which rises in the
Rocky mountains, in about lat 40° N, and, run
ning S, W. enters the gulf ofCalifornia at its'head,
in 33° N. lat. It is about 1000 miles long,and is
said to be navigable for 300 miles from its mouth,
for sea vessels.
Colorado, Rio, or First Desaguero, large r, S,
America, after a course of nearly 1000 railes
through the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres, faUs into
the Atlantic, in lat, 39° 60' S.
Colorado, Rio de Texas, r, Mexico, runs intothe
bay of St. Bernard in the gulf of Mexico, in lat,
29° 15' N.
Colorados, Los, t S, Araerica, in Tucuman, 105
m. N. Salvador de Jujui.
Colomo, t, Lombardy, 7 m. N. Parraa,
Colosse, in Sac, Geog, acelebrated and populous
city of Phrygia, in Asia Minor, on the Lycus, near
Laodicea andHierapolis, It was destroyed by an
earthquake, A.D. 66.
Colosse, beautiful v. Cyprus, 30 m. S. E. Baffa.
ColouH, (an. Salamis,) isl, of Greece, iu the
gulf of Engia, with a sraall sea-port, Lon, 23°
36' E, Lat, 38? N,
Colpoys Point, N. E. coast of the Prince of
Wales's Archipelago, Lat 56° 21' N.
Colvilk,Cape, New Zealand ; the N, E, point, at
the raouth of the river Thames, Lon, 194° 27"
W. Lat 36° 36' N,
Columb, r. Eng, falls into the Ex.
Columbia, p-t Washington co. Maine, 18 ra. W.
Machias. Pop. 518.
Columbia, formerly Cockbume, p-t Coos co. N.
H on Connecticut river, 107 m. N. Concord. Pop.
142. Columbia, p-t. Windham co. Ct S. W. Brook
lyn. Pop. 834.
Columbia, co, N, Y. on the E. aide ofthe Hud
son ; bounded N, by Rensselaer co. E, by Massa
chusetts, S. by Dutchess co, W, by, the Hudson,

190

COL

which separates it from Greene co. Pop. 32,370.
Chieftown, Hudson.
Co/«m6ia,t. Herkimer CO. (N. Y.) S. Herkimer.
Columbia, p-v. St Lawrence co. N. Y.
" Columbia, p-t Lancastfer co. Pa. on the E. side
ofthe Susquehanifehi 10 ra. W. Lancaster, 12 E.
York, 72 W. PhUadelphia. It contains a bank,
and 3 houses of piiblic worship. A bridge is
thrown across the river at this place, H miles in
length. Columbia, District of, a tract of country, 10
miles square, on both sides of Potomac river, 120
miles from its raouth. It was ceded to the United
States by Maryland and Virginia in 1790, and in
1800, became the seat of the General Govern
ment. It is under the immediate government of
Congress. Pop. 24,028. Slaves, 5,395. The
principal towns are "Washington city, Alexandria,
and Georgetown. The amount of exports in 1810,
was $1,038,103, and in 1817, $1,768^658. The
amount of shipping in 1816, was 21,754 tons. A
Catholic coUege is established at Georgetown.
Columbia, p-t. Fluvanna co. Va. on the N. side
of James river, at the mouth of the Rivanna, 45
m. above, Richmond, 35 from Charlottesville. It
has a warehouse for the inspection of tobacco.
¦Volumbia, p-t. Richland district, S. C, and cap
ital ofthe State, is at the confluence of Broad and
Saluda rivers, which unite to form the Congaree,
113 m, N, N, W, Charleston, 35 S. S. W, Camden,
Lon, 8 1° 7' W, Lat. 33° 57' N, It is regularly laid
out on an elevated plain, and contains a state-
house, court-house and jail, and 4 houses for pub
Uc worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopa
lians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists, The
healthy situation of the town, its position at the
head of boat navigation on the Congaree, and its
advantages as the seat of government, and of a
well conducted college, corabine to make it a
place of importance. Intercourse with Charles
ton, by steara-boat, has lately been established,
' • South-Carolina college was founded in tiiis
town by the legislature, in 1801, and is iraraedi-
ately under the patronage of the State, It has a
president, 4 professors, 2 tutors, more than 100
students, a well selected Ubrary of 5,000 volumes,
and a fine matheraatical apparatus. Handsome
brick buildings are erected for the accommodation
of the president, professors, an4 students. The Le
gislature make an annual grant to the college of
about $10,000, and are perpetually extending to it
a fostering hand. The Governor, Judges, and oth
er great Officers of State, are Trustees ex-officio.
This college bids fair to be a raost valuable insti
tution foi South Carolina,
Columbia, p-v, Richland co, S. C,
'Columbia, co, Geo, on Savannah river. Pop,
11,242, Slaves, 5,980, Chief town, Aplington,
There is a post-office at the court-house,
Columbia, p-t and cap, Maury co. Ten, ou
Duck river, 40 m, S, Nashville,
Columbia, p-t. and cap, Adair co. Ken, 17 m,
from Greensburg, Pop, 175, Here is a bank,
Columbia, p-t, Hamilton co, Ohio, on Ohio riv-;
er, 6 m, E. Cincinnati, 1 below the raouth of the
Little Miami,
Columbia, t Cuyahoga co, Ohio, Pop, 205,
Columbia, p-v, Gibson co, Indiana,
Columbia river, one of the largest rivers in N,
America, rises in tiie Rocky raountains, about lat
55° N, and running S, W. falls into the Pacific
^eao, in lat46° 15 N, between Cape Disappoint-

C O M
raent on the N, and Point Adams on the S, The
whole length of thfe' river is estimated at 1500
miles. Its principal branches are the WaUau
mut, Lewis river, and Clarke's river, aU of
which empty on the S. E. side ; the first 125
miles from its mouth, the second 413, and the third
about 600, Vessels of 300 tons may ascend tiie
Columbia, as far as the mouth of the Wal
laumut The tide flows up 183 miles, aud laige
sloops may ascend this distance. Seven miles fur
ther up the navigation is interrapted byth^ gJeat
rapids. Above the rapids, the river is navigable
for 65 railes, tiU it is interrapted by the bug nar
rows, and 6 miles further up by the falls. Above
the falls there are no obstractions for 150 miles, to
the mouth of Lewis river. The portages arouud
the great rapids, long narrows, and falls, are
in' all 6 miles. — As yon ascend the Columbia^
the country for the first 160 miles, is covered with
heavy timber, mostly of the pine species ; thence
the woods diminish gradually for 60 miles, till
nothing is found but stinted pines and shrub oaks.
— The banks of the Colunibia are inhabited by
various Indian tribes, who subsist chiefly on the
salmon, which the river yields in immense quan
tities. There is a white settlement at Astoria,
near the mouth of the river. See Astoria.
Columbiana, c'o. Ohio, on Ohio river, which
separates it from Pennsylvania. Pop. in '1815,
13,626. Chief town. New Lisbon.
Columbiana, p-t Columbiana co. Ohio, 8 m. N.
New Lisbon.
• Columbretes, islands, belonging to Spain, off the
coast of Valencia. Lat 39° Sff N.
Columbus, p-t. Cheu'dngo co. N. Y. 12 m. N. E.
Norwich. Pop. 1,389.
Co/Mm6t«t, CO. N, C. Pop. 3,022. Slaves, 703.
Chief town, Whites-vflle. At the court-hottee, a
post-office is kept ¦'
Columbus, p-t FrankUn co. Ohio, and capitalof
the State, is on the Scioto river, just below ttie
confluence of the Whetstone, 46 m. N. ChilUcothe,
60 W. ZanesviUe, 108 N.E, Cincinnati, Lat
39° 67' N, Lon. 83° 3' W. The site is a pleas
ant rising ground, on the E. side of the Scioto.
The town is regularly laid out, the streets crossing
each other at right angles. "The gro-wth of Co
lumbus has beeu rapid. In 1812, the lots were
first exposed to sale, -with the timber then stand
ing upon them, and in 1819, the town contained^a
handsome state-house, a building for the pubhc
offices, and a penitentiary, all of brick; a baSik;
a market-house ; 2 printing-offices ; more than
200 houses, and 1,600 inhabitants,
Colyton, t Eng, 6 m, N. Lyme,
Com. See Koom.
Comacchio, t and fort, Italy, 28 ra, E, Ferrara,
40 S, Venice,
Comania. See Daghestan.
Comau, t S, America, on the Amazon, 6 m, N.
W, Macapa.
Comayagua. See Valladolid.
Comb Martin, t Eng. 14 m. N. Barnstaple.
Combahee, r. S. C. runs into St Helena sound.
Combahee ferry, on this river, is 17 m. fr. JaoksoR-
boro', 15 fr. Pocataligo.*
Combe, t Savoy, 9 ra. N. N. W. Annecy.
Comiemiere, lake, Eng. in Cheshire,
Combourg, t, Brittany, 17 m, S, St, Malo. Pop.
4,200. Combree, t. France, 7 m, W. Segre.
Combret, t, France, 24 m, E, Alby,

C;0 M
Comercolly, t. Bengal, district of Boosnah, on
the Nouanga or Cvistee river. Lon, 89° 11' E,
lj,at 23° 52' N,
. Comesozso, r. Lombardy, falls into the Oglio.
Comillah, or Tipperah, t Bengal, cap, of the
disfrict of Tipperah. Lon. 91° 2' E. Lat. 23°
28' N.
Comin, Cape, on the E. coast of Sardinia. Lat.
40°38'N. Canimes, t. Flanders, on the Lys, which divides
it into two parts, 8 m. N. Lille, 30 S. Bruges. Lou.
3° 4' E. Lat. 50° 45' N. Pop. 2,200.
CamisaTio Punta, cape, on the coast of the Ca
raccas. Lon. 75° 25' W.
Comite, i. Mississippi, joins the Amite, 12 m. E.
Baton Rogue.
Commendo, called also Guaffo, a territory on
the Gold Coast of Africa, formerly of great extent,
but now much reduced. The principal town,
called Great Conimendo, or Guaffo, is about nine
leagues from .the coast The resort of Europe
ans, however, is the town on the coast, called Lit
tle Commendp, where both the EngUsh and the
Dutch have a fort Lon. 3° 34' W. Lat 5°
12'N. Commequieres, t. France, 17 m. N. Sables d'
Olonne., Commeragh, mountains, Ireland, 8 m. N. Dun
garvon. Commercy, t, France, on the Maese, 169 m. E.
Paris. Lon. 6°4ffE. Lat 48° 46' N. Pop.
3,700.
, , Commewina, r. Guiana, faUs into the Surinam,
about 10 m. fr. its mouth.
Commim, district. Hind, between 15° and 16°
N. lat. Commim, the capital, is iu lon. 78° 55'
E. lat 15° 31' N.
g Commissioner's ereik, Geo. runs into the Oco
nee, aO or 30 m. below MiUedgeviUe.
V I Cammorro Islands, in the Indian sea, about mid
way between the N. part" of Madagascar, and Uie
continent of Africa, They are four in number,
the Great Coraraorro, Johanna, Mohilla, and
Mayotta. The great Coraraorro is in lon, 43° 10'
E. lat 11° 56' S.
Communipa, v. Bergen co. N. J. on New York
bay, 2 m. S. W. Pauliis-Hook.,
Como, t.of the Austriau enipire, in Italy, at the
S. W. extremity ofthe lake ofComb, in a deUght
ful valley, inclosed on all sides by lofty raountains.
It is the see of a bishop. Fop. 14,700. The hou
ses are neatly built of stone, and the public
buUdings magnificent. .An active trade is carried
on with Lombardy and Switzerland. 20 ra. N.
MOan, 80 N. E. . Turin. Lon. 9° 4' E. Lat 45°
48' N.
, , Como, lake, Italy, between the county of Chia
venna and the Milanese. It is 36 miles long, and
from 1 to 4 broad. The river Adda passes through
it. The surrounding country is highly pictur
esque. Comorin, Cape, S. extremity of the continent
of India. Lon. 77° 36' E.' Lat 7° 57' N.
Comom, t and fort, Hungary, in the county of
Comom, at the confluence of the Neutra with the
Danube. The citadel is accounted one of the
strongest in Europe. 38 m. S. E. Presburg, 70 S.
by E. Vienna. Lon. 18° 7' E. Pop. 9,000.
Company's Island, in the Pacific. Lon. 151°
20' E.' Lat 46° N.
Compiegne, t France, on the Oise, 48 m. N. E.
Paris, ton. 2° 54' E. Lat. 49° 24' 59" N.

CON

191

Composta, La, t. Savoy, 9 m. E. N. E, Chant- ''
berry. Compostella, or St. Jago de Compostella, (an.
Brigantium,) t and city, Spain, capital of GaUcia.
It is the see of an archbishop. Pop. 12,000. ,38
m. W. Astorga, 270 N. W. Madrid. Lon. 8° 3ff
W. Lat 42° 52' N.
Compostella, t Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 400 m.
N. W. JVIexico. Lon. 104° 4ff W. Lat, 21° It)' N,
Compreignac, t. France, 10 m. N. Limoges.
Campion, t Buckingham and Richelieu coun
ties. Lower Canada, about 60 m. S. Three-Rivers.
Pop. 7Q0.
Comrah, t Bengal, 27 m, N. N. W. Moorsheda
bad. Comrie, v. Scotland, 64 n>. W. Crieff. Pop.
2,688i. Con, Loch, lake, Scotland, in Perth,
Conan, r. Scotiand, composed of the Orrin,
Garve, Meig, and Lichart, falls into Cromarty
frith. Conaquenesing creek, Pa. joins the Big beaver,
and 12 miles below, falls into the Ohio, at Beaver
town. Conawanga. See Conewango.
Canea, r. Ecclesiastical States, falls into th,e
gulf of Venice.
Cancan, country. Hind, on the west coast of the
peninsula, between Bombay and Goa, extending
. from 16° to 19° N. lat, 200 mUes long, and 40
I broad. This coast has been much infested with
pirates. — The principal towns are Choul, Ban-
coote, Severndroog or Dabul, Zyghur, Gheria,
Tamana, and Rajpore.
Concameau, or Conq, s-p. France, 10 m. S. S, E.„
Quimper. Lon. 3° 67' 6" W.
Concellana, t. Naples, 6 m. S. Acerenza.
Conception, La, S7p. Veragua, at the mouth of
the Veragua, on the Spanish Main, 90 m. W. Pa
nama. Lon. 81°. 28' W.
Conception, bay, in the gulf of California.
Conception Bay, on the E. side of Newfound
land, whose entrance is between Cape.St Francis
on the S. and Flamborough-head on the N.
Conception, t. Paraguay, 90 m. N. Assump
tion. Lat 23° 23' S.
Conception, settiement. New Grenada, on the
Meta. Lon. 71° 56' W.
Conception del Pao, t. Caraccas, 135 m. S. S.
W. Barcelona, 84 S. E. Caraccas^ , Lon. 65° Iff
W. Lat 8° 42' N. Pop. 2,300. ,
Concha, San Martin de la. See QuiUota.
, Conchttchitou, t. Mississippi, on the Pascagoula,
Lon. 88° 43' W, Lat 32° 15' N.
Conchps, settleraent, 18 in. N. W. Buenos
Ayres. Conchas, r. Brazil, fsdls into the Atlantic, in
lat 6° 6'S.
Conchas, or Conchas, r. New Spain, runs into
the Rio del Norte, in lat. 31° N. after a course of
about 300 miles. It is the largest western branch
of the Rio del Norte, and receives in its course,
the Rio Florida from the E. and St Paubla from
tiieW. Conches, t France, 37 m. S. Rouon.
Conehucos, province, Peru, bounded on the N.
by Guaraachucos, S. by Caxatambo, E. by Gua-
raalies, and W. by Huaillas.
, Concize, t. Switz. 20 m.N. Yverdun.
Conclusion Port, ou the E. coast of the S. ex
tremity of King George Illd.'s Archipelago. Lat.
•5,6°J§'N.

192

CON

Concobella, t. Congo, on the river Zaire.
Concord, p-t, Rockingham co, N, H, and capital
of the State, stands on the Merrimack, 46 m, W,
N- W, Portsmouth, 60 N, N, W, Boston, Lon,
71° 3ff W, Lat, 43° 12' N, Pop, 2,393, The
principal village is on the W, side of the river,
and contains a State-house, a State-prison, and a
Congregational meeting-house, 3 printing-offices,
a bank, and about 200 dwelling-houses, situ'ated
principally on the main-street — The State-house
is a handsome stone building; The State-prison is
also of stone, and contains 36 cells. The prison
ers are employed' principally in making wooden
screws. By means of Merrimack river and the
Middlesex canal, there is a boat comraunicatiou
between this town and Boston, which greatly in
creases its importance. Much ofthe trade ofthe
upper country centres here.
Concord, t Grafton co, N, H, 68 m, N, Con
cord, Concord, p-t, Essex co. Vt on Connecticut riv
er, 38 ra. E. N. E, SlontpeUer. Pop. 677.
Concord, r. Mass. formed by two branches, ,
which unite at Concord, whence it flows N. E.
and N, with a gentle current, through Bedford
and Billerica, and joins the Merrimack in Tewks-
bury. Middlesex canal is supplied with water
frora this river.
Concord, p-t, Middlesex co. Mass. on Concord
river, 18 m. N, W. Boston, 30 E, N. E. Worces
ter. Pop, 1,633, The courts of the county are
held alternately here, and at Cambridge, The
public buildings are a court-house and spacious
stone jail, and a Congregational church. Here
are 3 bridges across the rii'er, — In this town, the
Provincial Congress met in 1774; and here the
first opposition was made to the British troops, ou
the 19th of April, 1775,
Concord, t. Niagara co, (N, Y,) S, Buffalo,
Concord, p-v, Franklin co. Pa,
¦ Concord, t. Delaware co. Pa, on a 'branch of
Chester creek, 21 ra, S, W. PhUadelphia, Pop.
1,061, Concord, p-t, Sussex co, Del,
Concord, p-v, Campbell co. Va.
Concord, p-t, and cap, Cabarras co, N, C, on
Rocky river, 20 ra, S, "VV, Salisbury,
Concord, t. Champaign co, Ohio, Pop, in IS 15,
375, Concord, t Ross co, Ohio, 12 m, W. ChilUco
the, Pop, in 1819, 1,810,
Concord, t. Highland co, Ohio,
Concord, t. Washington co. Missouri,
Concordia, t. Venetian territory, 30 m, E, Tre
viso, Lat 45° 46' N,
Concordia, t, Italy, 6 m, W, Mirandoca,
Concordia, co, Louisiana, on the Mississippi,
Pop, 2,896,
Concordia, p-t. and cap, Concordia co, Louis
iana, on the Mississippi, opposite Natches,
Condapilly, one of the northern circars of In
dia, between 16° and 17' N, lat. See Circars. 
Condapilly, the capital, is in lon, 80° 23' E, lat
16°39'N, Condatehy, t. Ceylon, which gives name to tho
bay, in which is carried on a very extensive pearl
fishery. It is on the W, coast, 120 m, N, Colom
bo, Lat 8° 45' N,
Cande, t. France, It is one of the strongest
barrier-fortresses on the side of the Netherlands,
6 ra, N, N, E, Valenciennes, 3 W, Mons, Lon, 3°
34' E, Lat 60° 26' N, Pop, 6,900,

CON
Cande la; Ferte, t France, on the Marne, near
La Ferte,
Conde sur Iton, or Cande VEveque, t France,
14 ra. S, W, Evreux.
Conde sur Noireau, t France, 20 m. S; Caen's'
Pop., 3,000.
Condeon, t. France, 28 m. SrE. Saintes.
Condesuios de Arequipa, a province in the S.
part of Peru, near the coast of the Pacific. The
capital is Chuquibamba.
Condom, t. France, on the Baise, 28 m. S, E,
Bourdeaux, Lon, 0° 26' E, Lat 43° 67' N, Pop,
7,000, Condor, Puk, isl, in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Cochin-China. Lon. 106° 42' E. Lat
8° 40' N.
Condrieu, t. France, on the Rhone, 18 m. S.
Lyons. Pop. 4,050.
Conecocheague, r. rises near Mercersburg,' Pa,
and runs into the Potomac, at WilUamsport, Md.
8 m. S. the Pennsylvania Une,
Conecah, r. Alabama, unites -wifli the Escam
bia, and runs into the St Maria de Galvez, an
arm of Pensacola bay.
Conedogwinil credi, Pa. runs E. into the Susque
hannah, a little above Harrisburg,
Conegliano, t Venetian territory, 10 m. N. K.
E. Treviso. Pop. 3,650.
Conemaugh creek. Pa. rises in the AUeghany
mountains, and runs into the Alleghany, 29 m. N.
E. Pittsburg. At Chesnut ridge, it takes the name
of Kiskemanitas. Conemaugh salt-icorks, are sit
uated in Westmoreland and Indiana counties, on
both banks of this creek, 1 ra. above its confluence
whith the Loyalhannon, and 15 N. E. Greensburg.
Upwardsof 100 bushelsofsaltperday were produ
ced at these works in 1816, and retailed at $2 pec
usliel. Conemaugh, t Somerset co. Pa. Pop. 381. -
Conemaugh, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop. 1,167.
Conemaugh, t Cambria co. Pa. Pop. 639.
Conestago, r. Pa. runs S. W. into the Susque
hannah, 16 m. below Columbia.
Conestago, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,506.
Conewago, t Adams co. Pa. Pop. 531.
Conewango, r. rises in N. Y, and runs into the
Alleghany at Warren, Pa. It is navigable to its
sources, Chatauque and Casada Lakes, -within 9
miles of Lake Erie.
Conewango, t Warren co. Pa. Pop. 448,
ConfUms, t Savoy, 18 m, E, Chamberry.
Coryfians, t, France, at the conflux of the Aube
and Seine, 25 m, N.W. Troyes; one, 12 m. N.
Vesoul ; one about a league from Paris.
Conflans en Jumisy, t Franoe, 12 m.W. Metz.
Corifions St.Hotwrine, t France, 17 m. W. Pa
ris, Confolens, t France, 27 m. N, W, Limoges.
Cong, V. Ireland, in Mayo, 16 m, W. Tuam,
Congaree, r. S. C. formed by the confluence of-
Saluda and Broad rivers. After a course of 30
miles, it joins Uie Wateree to form the Santee.
Congleton, t Eng, in Cheshire, 1614 m- N. W.
London. Pop. 4,616.
Congo, an extensive country in the S. W of Af
rica, between 6° and 8° S. lat bounded N. by the
Zaire, or Congo, which separates it from Loango,
W. by the Atlantic, and S. by Angola. Its limits
in the interior are unknown. The Portuguese",
have here several forts and factories, for carrying
on the slave frade. X^e vegetable productionsare
maize, cassava, sweet potatoes, pepper, sugar

CON

CON

193

tane, and tobacco. The population of this coun
try has been extravagantly stated by the Portu
guese, but Capt. Tuckey, and recent travellers,
contradict these accounts. The largest town vis
ited by Captain Tuckey, did not contain above
100 huts, and 600 inhabitants. The princa^who
can muster 200 troops, and arm half of thera with
musquets, becomes the terror of all this part of
Africa. Congo River. See Zaire.
Congoon, t Laristan, in Persia, on the shore of
the Persian gulf. 1 10 ra. S, Shiraz, Lon, 62° 6'
E. Pop,6ort,000.
Congress, t. Wayne co. Ohio.
CorJioeton creek, N. Y. runs into the Tioga at
Painted-Post, after a course of 70 railes.
Conhocton, t Steuben co. (N. Y.) N, W, Bath,
Coni, t. Piedmont, at the conflux of the Stura
and Gezzo. It was till lately, a place of great
strength, but was dismantied by the French after
the battie of Marengo. Its frade is very brisk
with Lombardy, Switzerland, and Germany,
The principal articles are corn and hemp, but
silk is the only important manufacture, 35 ra.
S, E, Turin, Lon. 7° 38' E, Lat 44° 24 N, Pop,
10,000. Conjee, district, Hind, in the Carnatic, intersec
ted by the PalEU' river,
Conjeceran, t Hindostan, Lon. 79° 45' E, Lat,
1,2°48'N, Coniglione, t. Sicily, 16 m. S, W, Palermo,
Coni/, t on the coast of Spain, 18 m. S, S, E. Ca
diz. Lon. 6° 9' W. Pop. 3,000.
Conimeer, t Hind. 12 m. N. Pondicherry.
Conisbrough, v. Eng, in Yorkshire, 6 ra, S, W.
Doncaster, Coniston Lake, or Thurston Water, Eng, in
Lancashire. Conits, t W. Prussia, 60 m. S. W, Dantzic,
Conliege, t. France, 3 ra. S, E, Lons le Saul
nier. Connaught, one of the 4 provinces into which
Ireland is divided, containing the counties of Gal
way, Mayo, Sligo, Leitrim and Roscommon.
Connecticut River, the largest river in New-
England, rises! near the borders of Lower Canada,
and running south, divides New-Hampshire from
Vermont, and passing through Massachusetts and
Connecticut, flows into Long-Island Sound, be
tween Saybrook and Lyme, Its whole length is
410 miles. It is navigable for vessels drawing 10
feet water, 36 mUes, to Middletown ; for small
sloops, 50 miles, to Hartford ; and by means of ca
nals and other improvements, ithas been rendered
passable for boats to the Fifteen MUe Falls, 250
miles further. The perpendicular height of the
falls which have been overcome by dams and
locks between Springfield, in Massachusetts, and
Hanover, in New-Harapshire, a distance of 130
miles, is about 200 feet,
Conneeticut lake, in the N. part of N. H, It is
about 54 miles long and 24 broad, and is one of the
sources pf Connecticut river. Lat 45° 2' N,
Connecticut, one ot the U, States, bounded N.
by Massachusetts ; E, by Rhode-Island ; S, by
Long-Island Sound, and W, by New- York, It
lies between 41° and 42° N, lat and between 71°
5ff and 73° 43' W, lon. It is 90 miles long, 70
broad, and contains 4,764 square miles. Pop,' in
1790, 237,946 ; in 1800, 251,002; iu 1810, 261,942,
ofwhom 6,453 were free blacks, and 340 slave's.
The coast of this State is every where indented
with harbours, the principal of which are those of
2.5

New-London, New-Haven, and Bridgeport The
principal rivers are the Thames, the Connecticut,
and the Housatonick, The face ofthe country is
hilly, but the hills are generally of moderate size,
and occur in quick succession, furnishing the trav
eller with an ever-varying prospect. The great
body of the State is exceUent land. Indian corn,
rye, grass, and potatoes, are the most important
productSbiis, Among the literary institutions arc, Yale Col
lege, in New-Haven, one ofthe oldest and raost re
spectable colleges in the United States ; an Epis
copal Theological Serainary, also in New-Haven;
Bacon Academy in Colchester ; the Episcopal
Academy at Cheshire ; the Asylum for the deaf
and dumb, in Hartford, and the school in Corn
wall, for educating heathen youth. Common
schools are very liberally supported. The State has
a fund of more than 1,600,000 dollars, the income of
which is, by law, for ever applied to the support of
common schools. — The Congregationalists are the
most numerous religious denomination. In 1818,
they had 213 congregations ; the Episcopalians
74 ; Baptists 90, and Methodists 53. There are
very few of any other sect.
Connecticut has a larger proportion of her citi
zens engaged in manufactures, than any other
State, except Rhode-Island, The manufacture of
tin into culinary vessels, is carried on to a very
great extent. The ware, thus raade, is taken by
pedlars, and sold in all parts of tiie United States.
The other raanufactures are nails, glass, hats, but
tons, flre-arms, and wooden clocks. — The trade of
Connecticut is chiefly 'with the West-India islands
and the Southern States; The exports consist of
horses, mules, butter and cheese, cider, Indian
corn, beef, pork, &c. Much ofthe produce of the
western parts ofthe State is carried to New- York,
and of the eastern parts, to Boston and Providence.
The amount of shipping belonging to the State in
1816, was 60, 104 tons.
Connecticut Reserve, often called New Connecti
cut, is in the N. E. part ofthe state of Ohio, border
ing on Lake Erie and the state of Pennsylvania.
It is 120 miles long from E. to W. and on an aver
age, 62 broad, containing 4,680 square miles, or
3,(500,000 acres. It is divided into 7 counties, and
is principally settled by emigrants from Massachu
setts and Connecticut.
Conneought, creek, Ohio, runs into Lake Erie
in the N, E. part ofthe State,
Conneought, p-t, Ashtabula co. Ohio.
Connesaugah, r. one of the head streams of the
Coosa. From the beatable part of this creek,
there is a ^rtage of 8 or 10 railes to the beatable
partof the Amoy.
Connelsville, p-t. and borough, Fayette co. Pa.
on the N. side of the Youhiogany, at the head of
navigation, 200 m. from Washington, 33 from
Morgantown, Va. 265 from Philadelphia. Pop.
498. In its vicinity are several forges, merchant
mills, and other mills.
Connoie, bay, Newfoundland, 50 m, E. Cape
Ray. Comwr, V. Ireland, 17 m. N, Belfast
Conokmay creek. Pa. runs into the Delaware
near Hancock's town, in Maryland,
Conotten creek, Ohio, runs into the Muskingum
6 or 8 m, above New Philadelphia.
Conqucs, t. France, S m. N. E. Carcassonne,
Conquet, Le, t: France, 16 m. W. Brest
Conradsburg, Dutch fort on the Gold Coast.
Conrad's store, p-v. Rocldngham co. Va,

194

C O Js^

Consar. SeeKhonsar.
Conselve, t Italy, 10 m, S, Padua, Pop, 5,700.
•Consel's Bay, Barbadoes, 10 ra. N. E. Bridge
town. , Constable, p-t. FrankUn co. N. Y. bordering on
Canada, 14 m. N. Malone, Pop, 916,
Constance, t. Baden, on the lake of Constance,
at the spot where the Rhine flows from the upper
into the lower lake, Constance is raemomble for
the meeting of the famous council (between 1414
and 1418,) which sentenced John Huss and Je
rome of Prague to the flames, 30 ra, N, E. Zurich,
Lon, 9° 8' E, Lat 47° 36' N, Pop. 4,420.
Constance, Lake of, a lake, 36 miles long and
about 12 broad, between Germany and Switzer
land, It is divided into the Upper and Lower
lakes. The banks are fertile, well cultivated, and
Uned with agreeable towns, villages, and castles,
Constantia, t, Oswego co. N, Y, on Oneida Lake,
Pop, 153,
Constantia, f-v. Acadia co, Louisiana.
Constantia, t, and cap. Pope co, IlUnois.
Constantino, t Spain, 20 m. N, W, Cordova,
Constantina, a province in the E. part of Al
giers, bounded E,by Tunis, W. by Algiers Proper,
S, by the desert, and N. by the Mediterranean, It
is 230 miles long, from E. to W, and 109 broad. It
ia the raost fertile, best cultivated, and every way
the most inqiroved part of the Algerine territory.
In 1806, the British concluded a treaty with the
dey of Algiers, by which they stipulated to pay
11,000/, annually, in consideration of which they
obtained possession of La Cala, Bona, and 11 Cul-
lu, with permission not only to trade, but even to
erect fortifications,
Constantino, the capital ofthe province above--
described, occupies the site of Cirta, celebrated
as the ancient bulwark of Numidia, It is built on
a high rock, formed into a species of peninsula by
the Rummel, Here are to be seen raany ruins of
.-the ancient city, 160 m, E, Algiers, 180 W. Tu-
iUs. Lon, 6° 24' E. Lat 36° 26' N,
. Constantino Perez, isl, at the mouth of the Val
divia, in Chili,
Constantinople, the ancient Byzantium, and
called by the Turks Stamboul, city of Europe, and
capital ofthe Turkish empire, is beautifully situa
ted on the W. side of the Bosphorus, or straits of
Constantinople, between tiie Black sea and the
sea of Marmora. Lon. 28° 56' E. Lat 41°. N.
The city stands chiefly on a slope, on seven emi
nences, which rise above each other in beautiful
succession, presenting a fine view to the approach
ing spectator. The harbour is not on the side of
the sea, but in a long, capacious inlet, running
along the N, side of the town. It is of sutficient
depth for the largest vessels, and can contain 1200
sail, and has an open navigation to the Euxine on
the N, and the Mediterranean on the S, The
form ofthe city is triangular, with one side on the
harbour, another on the sea of Marmoi-a, and the
third and longest towards the land. It i-x surroun
ded with walla. The streets are in general nar
row, gloomy, and slanting ; badly paved, and in
cumbered with dust or mud. The houses are
low, built of wood and earth, and conflagrations
arc frequent. Tho number of mosques is about
300. "rhe oldest and most interesting is that of St,
Sophia, which was built by theemperorjustinian.
The interior still retains much of its ancient gran
deur. The nuraberof Christian churches in Con
stantinople and its neighbourliood is 22, The se
raglio includes not merely the apartments of the

CO o
women, but is an assemblage of palaces and
buildings, 9 miles in circumference, inhabited by
the sultan and his court It occupies the prom
ontory or point of land in the eastern part of the
city. The entrance ofthe first court is very wide
andjlofly ; in this are the mint, the principal
mosque, an hospital, and other buildings. The
second court is called the Divan-court, the g;reat
council chamber being there. To the N. adjoin
ing the Divan is the third court or seraglio,
properly so called, in which are the apartments of
the women. Through it there is'a narrow cover
ed passage, leading to the audience chamber ofthe
sultan, which is of amazing magnificence, partic
ularly the throne.
The population of Constantinople is variously
estimated. Eton computes it at 300,000 ; others
make it much more. About one l^f are Turk?,
and the remainder Greeks, Christians, Arme
nians, Franks, and Jews,
The suburb of Galata stands opposite to the se
raglio on the N. side ofthe harbour ; it is inhabit
ed only by merchants and seafaring people. T»
the west is the suburb Tc^hana [cannon foundery.]
On the heights above this suburb stands Pera,
principally occupied by individuals in the suites
of ambassadors to the Porte from the different Eu
ropean powers. Scutari, though standing on
Asiatic ground, and separated from Constantino
ple by the Bosphorus, is stiU accounted a suburb
of the great city. The castie of the seven towere
is a state prison near the sea of Marmora.
Contai, t Bengal, in Jellasore. Lcm. 87° 54'
E. Lat 21° 48' N.
Contessa, Gulf of. En. Turkey, between tbe
. peninsula of Mount Atlas, aud the coast of Mace
donia and Romania. — Contessa, the s-p. is on a
sraall island, at the bottom of the gulf, 48 m. N. E.
Salonica. Lon. 24° 8' E . Lat. 40° 4ff N.
Conteville, t. France, at the mouth of the Seine.
Cantin, parish, Scotiand, iu Rosshfre.
Contoocook, i. N. H. runs into the Merrimack
at Concord.
Contrecoeur, seigniory, Surrey co. Lower Can
ada, on the S. side of Uie St Lawrence, 12 m. W.
William-Henry. The river SoreUe passes through
its S. E. corner.
Conlreki, s-p. Ommo'u, in .\rabia, 180 m. S.
Muskat Contreras, islands, off the coast of Veragua, in
lat 7° 46' N.
Contursi, t. Naples, 26 m. E. Salerno.
Canty, t. France, 12 m. S, Amicus,
Conversera, isl. iu the Adriatic Lon. 13° 46
E. Lat. 45° 20' N.
Conway, r. Wales, forms the boundary between
the counties of Caernarvon and Denbigh, and
falls into the Irish sea at Aberconway.
Conway, Cape, on the N. W. coast of New-
Holland. Lon- 211° 28' ^V. Lat 20° 36' S,
Conway, t. New Bruns-wick, Sudbury co, on the
W, side of St John's river, and bordering on the
bay of Fundy, Musquash coi'e, in thi^ town,
forms a good harbor,
Conway, p-t. Sti-afford co, N. H, on Saco river,
56 m, N, N. E. Concord, Pop, 1,080,
Conway, p-t FrankUn co. Mass, 6 m, W,S,W.
Greenfield, 13 N. W, Northampton, Pop, 1,784.
Conwayborough, p-v. Horry co, S, C.
Conyngham, p-v, Luzerne, co. Pa,
Canso, t Naples, 58 m, E, Naples,
Coochbehar, a district of Hindostan, lying be
tween 26° and 27° N, lat, and bordering on Boo-

COO

COP

195

tan. It was formerly an independent kingdom,
but is now included in the province of Bengal,
Cook's Inlet, or River, a large inlet on the W.
coast of N, America, between Cape Elizabeth,
and Cape Douglas, or between lon, 207° 9' and
207° 46' E, lat 68° 42* and 69° Iff N, TKi"sj||nlet
•was explored by captain Cook for 210 miles; and
afterwards completely by Vancouver, who found
that it terminated in lon. 21 1° IT E. -and lat 61°
29' N.
Cook's Strait, the strait which divides the two
islands of New Zealand.
Cttoka, Dar, country, of central Africa.
Cooke's Bay, Easter island. Lon. 109° 35' W.
Lat27°li'S. Cooke's Law-office, p-v. Elbert co, Geo.
Cooke's sclllevient, Missouri, 30 m, fr. St, Gene
vieve, 8 fr. Murphy's settiement
Cookeslown, p-v. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Coolgreny, t. Ireland, in Wexford, 3 m. S. S. W.
Arklow. Coolidge landing, t Md. on the Patuxent, 28 ra.
S. S, W. Annapolis,
Coo/oo, t Hind, on the Mahanuddy. Lon. 85°
17' E. Lat 20° 18' N.
Coolspring, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop, 521,
Cooly Point, at the N. entrance into Dundalk
bay, Ireland. Lat 53° 57' N.
Coomtali, t Hind, 45 m. N. E, Nagpore.
Cooper's Island, off Java, near Batavia.
Cooper, r, S. C. passes along the E. side of the
city of Charleston, and meets the Ashley, in
Charleston harbor, A canal connects it with the
Santee, and opens a navigable communication
between Charleston and the interior country.
Cooper, CO. Missouri.
Cooper's ferry, p-v. Gloucester co. N. J.
Cooperstown, p-v. and cap. Otsego co, N. Y. in
the township of Otsego, at tiie S. W. end of Otse
go lake. It is on one of the western turnpikes
through New York State, 12 m. W. Cherry val
ley, 67 W. Albany, 45 fr, Johnstown on the Mo
hawk, Pop, about 600. Lon. 74° 48' W. Lat,
42° 44' N, It contains a courthouse and jail, and
2 churches. The Susquehannah issues from the
lake,, and various mills are erected upon it,
Cooperstovm, v. Harford co. Md. 12 ra. N. W.
Harford, 24 N. E, BaUiraore.
Coarg, a mountainous and woody district, of
Southern India, between Mysore and Malabar ; it
produces sandal wood and teak timber, rice, pep
per, and some other spices. "
Coos, in Sac, Geog. See Stanchio.
Coos, CO. N. H, bounded N, by Lower Canada,
E. by Maine, S. by Grafton and Stratford coun
ties, and W. by Connecticut river, which sepa
rates it from Vermont Pop..3,991, Chieftown,
Lancaster, Coos, Lower, and Upper, two tracts of country,
N. H. Upper 'Coos lies S, of Upper Ammonoosuo
river, Lancaster ia in this tract. Lower Coos
lies S. of Lower Ammonoosuc river. In this tract,
is Haverhill, Coosa, r. the N, branch of the Alabama, is for
med by the union of Etowlah and Oostenalah riv^
ers, in Geo, and meets the Talapoosa, 3 m, below
Fort Jackson. There is a faU in it, ¦? miles from
its mouth, and rapids thence for 50 miles to Fort
Williara ; above which, boats may proceed within
8 miles of the waters that flow into the Tennessee,
See Connesaugah.
Coosaw, or Coosawatchie, r. S, C, runs S, S, E,

into Broad river, and Whale branch, w'aich-sepa-
ratc Port Royal island from the main land.
Coosawalchie, p-t Beaufort district, S, C, on
tiie W, side of Coosaw, 27 m, N. W, Beaufort, 70
W, S, W. Charieston, The courts for the district
are held here.
Cooserah, t. Hind, in Bahar, Lon, 85° 47' E,
Lat 25° 6' N,
Cootehill, t, Ireland, 53 ra, N, W, Dublin, UN.
E. Cavan,
Cootra, t. Hind, in Allahabad, Lou. 79° 28' E,
Lat 26° 45' N,
Cootstoum, p-t, Berks co. Pa. 17 m- N. N. E,
Reading, 73 N. N, W, Philadelphia, It contains
about 40 houses, and a church,
Copais, lake, Greece, in Livadia,
Copenhagen, the raetropolis of tho Danish mon
archy, and one of the best built cities in Europe,
stands on the E, coast of the island of Zealand, in
the channel ofthe Baltic, caUedthe Sound, about
20 miles from the narrow passage of that name.
Its position is on a low tract, surrounded with
small lakes, and partly intersected by inlets of the
sea. It is encompassed with walls. Some of the
streets are narrow and inconvenient, others broad
and well paved. Most of the houses are modern,
aud built of brick or stone. The finer edifices
are of free stone. That part of the new town
called Araalienburg was built by Frederick V.
and is extremely beautiful.
The harbor of Copenhagen is formed by a nar
row arm of the sea, running between the city and
the opposite island of Amack; it is capable of
containing 500 merchantmen, and though the en
trance is so narrow, that one ship only can enter
at a tirae, the depth is sufficient to admit vessels
of the largest size ; they come in the canals close
to the warehouses, where they load and unload
their cargoes. A part of this harbor is appropri
ated to the royal navy. The shipping belonging
to the port may be computed, on an average, at
400 vessels, manned by nearly 6,0(M) seamen.
Copenhagen is not only the residence of the
court, but the seat of all the great public estab
lishments of the kingdom. The bishop of Zea
land has his residence here ; and there are 20
churches, and several Jewish synagogues. Ofthe
22 hospitals, the most splendid is that of Frederick
V. ; but the raost interesting is the lying-in hospi
tal, to which is attached a school of midwifery,
and a foundUng hospital. The university has
considerable funds, and, on an average,' 700 stu
dents, of whom 168 are maintained from public
funds. The library is voluminous, but with few
books of fecent date. The royal library ampjy
compensates for the deficiency of that of the uniJ
versitv, being a superb collection of more than
250,000 volumes.
In October, 1728, a dreadful fire broke out,
which consumed two thirds of the town ; in Feb
ruary, 1794, another fire destroyed nearly 1000
houses. In the attack by the British in 1807,
above 300 houses, including the cathedral and
part of Uie university, were destroyed, while dou
ble that number was damaged. Pop. 105,000.
170 m, N, E. Hamburg, 315 S. W. Stockholra,
Lon, 12° 3,5' 6" E, Lat 55° 41' 4" N.
Capenick, t. Prussia, on an island in the Spree,
9 m, S.E, Berlin.
Copet, t. Switz, 8 ra. N. N. E, Geneva.
Copiapo, the most northeriy province of ChiU.
It extends from the Andes to the Pacific. It is

196

COR

thinly inhabited, but has an abundance of copper,
and other minerals, ' Copiapo, the capital, is on
the coast, in lat 26° 5ff S.''
Copland Islands, offthe E. cofist of Ireland, Lat,
64°39'N. Copper-Mine River, N. America, runs into the
sea. Lon. 1 1 1° 5' W. Lat 69° N.
Copper-Mine River, Upper Canada, runs into
lake Superior, in lat 46° N,
Copper river, N, W. Territory, after a course
of 300 mUes, joins the Chippeway, 30 m. abovs
its mouth.
Coqtkt, r. Eng. faUs into the German ocean,
opposite Coquet island.
Coquimbo, province, of Chili, extending from
the -Andes to the Pacific. It is of an extremely
benign temperature, enjoying throughout the
year a perpetual spring. It has mines of gold,
silver, lead, suliihur, and especially copper, large
quantities of which are exported. Pop. 15,000,
Coquimbo, the capital, is a mile from the sea, and
has a convenient port. 174 m. N. W. Santiago.
Lon. 71° 18' W. Lat. 30° S.
Cora, t. cap. of the island of Samos. It is a
poor, iU-built place, and has -about 260 houses,
and 12 small churches.
Coraan, peninsula, on the W. coast of Ireland,
separated frora Aehill island by a narrow chan
nel. Corace, r. Naples, falls into the gulf of SquU-
lace. Lat. 38° 60' N.
Corachie, or Kurachee, s-p. Afghanistan, in the
province of Sinde, supposed to be the Sangada of
Arrian. Lat. 24° 52' N. Lon. 67° 17' E. It is
now the principal port of the province. Its ex
ports are saltpetre, rice, cotton, butter, oil, hors
es, and many other valuable commodities brought
from Cabul and the northern provinces. Its im
ports are metals, ivory, tea, sugar, spices, and the
manufactures of India and Europe.
Coraco, Cape, on the E. coast of the island of
Metelin. Lon. 26° 20' E, Lat, 39° 24' N,
Coradge, r. Syria, runs intothe Mediterranean,
4 m, S. 'Tortosa,
Corah, a district of Hindostan, in Allahabad, be
tween tlie Jumna and Ganges, and extending
from 26° to 27° N, lat. It belongs to the British,
and is included in the coUectorship of Cawnpore,
Corah, the capital, is in lon, 80° 40' E. lat 26°
6' N, and carries on a considerable trade in grain
and cotton.
Corantin. See Corenlin.
Corbach, t. cap. of th^ principality of Waldeck,
on the lUer, 70 ra, E, Cologne,
Corbana, t. Corsica, 8 m, N, E, Calvi.
Corbeil, t. France, 18 m. S, Paris. Pop. 3,600,
Corbie, t. France, 10 m. E. Amiens,
Corbigny St. Leonard, t, France, on the Y''onnc,
Lon, 3° 4.5' E. Lat, 47° 16' N-
Corbridge, t. Eng, in Northumberland, 4 m, E,
Hexham, Corby, t, Eng, in Lincolnshire-
Cordes, t, France, 1] m. N, E, Gaillac.
Cordes Bay,in the straits of Magellan, 5 m, E,
S. E, Fortescue bay,
Cordevak, r. Venetian territory, runs into the
Piave, between Belluno and Feltre.
Cordilleras. See Andes.
Cordova; province, Spain, forming the middle
part of Andalusia, It is intersected by the Gua
dalquivir ; and produces abundance of corn, fruit,
wine, and olives. Pop, 260,000,

COR
Cordova, eity, Spain, is agreeably situated on
the N. bank of the Guadalquivir. It was known
in the time of the Romans. Here are the remains
of a palace of the Moorish kings ; but the most
interesting edifice is the cathedral, which is a
magnificent monument, 634 feet long, and 387
¦wide. — Cordova was always noted as a place of
trade, and is still reraarkable for the kind of lea
ther called, from this town, Cordovan, or Cord-
wain. 75 ra, N. E, SevUle, 120 N. E. Cadiz, 180
S, S, W. Madrid. Lon. 4° 46' 63" W. Lat 37°
62'13"N, Pop. 30,000.
Cordova, a province of S. Araerica, the S. part
of Buenos Ayres. It contains 105,000 sq. miles,
and 75,CK)0 inhabitants. Cordova is the capital:
Cordova, city, cap. of the above province, is in
lat 31° 30' S, and lon, 63° 30' W, on Uie river
Primero, 460 ra. N. N. W. Buenos Ayres. Pop.
4,500. It carries on a considerable trade, partic
ularly in mules, who are collected in immense
droves from the neighboring provinces, and sent
over the Andes to Peru,
Cordova, t. Mexico, in Vera Cruz. It containa'
800 faraiUes, and carries on a great trade in sugar
and tobacco. 150 ra.E. Mexico. Lon. 96° 56'E.
Lat 18°6ffN.
Cordouan, Tour de, a Ught-house in France, at
the mouth of the Garonne, 40 m. S. W. La Ro
cheUe, 57 N. W. Bourdeaux. Lat, 45° 35'
15" N.
Core Sound, on the coast of N. C. 20 miles long,
Lon, 77° 6' W, Lat 34° 38' N. It communicates
with PamUco sound on the N.; Beaufort inlet
leads into it on the S, See Beaufort.
Corea, a large country of Asia, E. of China,
and consisting of a peninsula formed on one side
by the Yellow sea, aud on the other by the sea of
Japan, 400 miles long, and 160 broad. Very litUe
is known to Europeans about this country. The
king pays tribute to the emperor of China ; and
in raanners, religion, and written language, the
people resemble theChinese. The spokendialect
is entirely different The same jealousy of for
eign intercourse exists as in China and Japan.
Carella, t. Spanish Navarre, on the Alhama, 8
ra. W, Tudela,
Corenlin, r. Guiana, faUs into the AUantic
ocean, in N. lat. 5° 50', about 5 leagues W. Bei^
bice. Corfe-Cttstk, t. Eng, in Dorsetshire, in the pe
ninsula of Purbec. The castie is of very high
antiquity, and -was deemed impregnable before
the invention of artUlery. Its wuUs and towers
are now demolished- 4 m. S, E, Wareham-
Corfu, isl. in the Mediterranean, at the en
trance of the gulf of Venice, 45 miles long, and
25 broad. It is the first in rank, though not in
size, of thy seven islands composing the Ionian
republic. The cUraate is mild, but Uable to sud
den transitions from heat to cold. The island
exports considerable quantities of oil and salt
Its other productions are olives, oranges, lemons,
honey, and wax. Pop, about 60,000, TheCorfutes
profess, in general, the Greek religion, Thisisland
being in a manner the key of the Adriatic, has al
ways been of considerable poUtical iraportance, —
See Ionian Islands.
Corfu, (an. Corcyra,) cap, of the ialand of Cor
fu, ou Uie E, coast, on the slope of a promontory,
at the foot of which the port opens. It is neither
large nor well built; but ia very sfrong. The in
habitants amount to about 16,000, and carry on a

COR

COR

197

considerable frade, Lon, 20° 17' E, Lat, 39°
4ffN, Cargo, isl, in the Persian gulf, about 2 m, N,
Karak, Coria, t Spanish Estremadura, on the Alagon,
110 m, W, S. W. Madrid, Lon, 6° 16' W.^at
39° 56' N, #
Coringa, s-p. Hind, in the northern circars, on
the W. side of the bay of Bengal. It is the best
port on the coast of Coromandel. It carries on a
considerable trade with Bengal and Pegue. Lon.
82° 29' E. Lat. 16° 49' N.
Corinth, t, Greece, in-fhe Morea, near the isth
mus of Corinth, In ancient times, it was one of
the raost flourishing cities of Greece, adorned
with theatres, fountains, and various public build
ings, from the style of which a new order of ar
chitecture took its narae. But the greater part
of this magnificence disappeared on the capture
of the town by Mummius, the Roman consul, in
B, C, 146, when the chefs d'muvre of art were
either broken in pieces by tiie soldiers, or trans
ported to Rorae. At the present day, Corinth pre
sents more the appearance of a village than a town.
The traces of tiie ancient walls are however dis
cernible, and the citadel, or Acro-Corinthos, still
reraains, Corinth had two harbors : one of which
still forms the port of the town; the other in tbe
gulf of Egina, called Cenchrea, is now little fre
quented. 48 ra. E. Athena, 342 S. W, Constanti
nople, Lon, 23° 28' 29" E, Lat. 37° 68' 22" N,
Pop, about 1,400,
Corinth, Isthmus of, the narrow neck of land,
which separates the gulf of Lepanto from that of
Egina, and connects the peninsula of the Morea
with the rest of Greece, In its narrowest part it
is only 5 or 6 miles across,
Corinth, p-t, Penobscot co. Maine, at the fork
of tiie roads, 18 ra, N, W, Bangor, Pop, 189, It
is a fine flourishing town,
Corinth, p-t Orange co,'Vt, 41 m, N. Windsor.
Pop. 1,876,
Cork, CO, Ireland, bounded N, by Limerick, E,
by Tipperary and Waterford, S, by the ocean,
and W, by Kerry, It contains 19 baronies, 269
parishes, 76,739 houses, and 416,000 inhabitants.
Cork, city, Ireland, and cap, of Cof k co, is on
the Lee, 420 m. S. W, Dublin, Lon, 8° 30' W,
Lat 51° 40' N. The town has been very rauch
enlarged and improved of late, and its population
is now estimated at 90,000, It stands about 16
railes from the sea, and its harbor, or the Cove of
Cork, 9 miles below the town, has long been cele
brated as oue of the finest in the world. It is suffi-
cientiy capacious for any number of vessels ; and
the entrance is deep and narrow, and defended by
a fort on each side.
Great quantities of salt provisions are export
ed from Cork, and during the slaughtering sea
son, 100,000 head of black catUe are prepared.
The other exports consist of butter, candles, soap,
whiskey, &c. Its manufactures are sail-cloth,
sheeting-paper, leather, glue, glass, coarse cloth,
&c,
Corlal, t, Asia Minor, on the gulf of Is Nikmid,
near the ruins of the ancient Chalcedoi^
Corlay, t, France, 20 m. S. St, Brieux,
, Corleone, or Coriglione, t, Sicily, 24 m, S, S. W,
Palermo, Pop, 12,000.
Corlin, t. Prussian states, in Farther Pomera
nia, Pop, 900, 14 m, S,E. Colberg, Lon. 15°
45' E. Lat 64° 2'N,

Cormachiti, Cope, on the N, coast of Cyprus,
Lon, 33° 6' E, Lat, 36° 33' N,
Cormanline, t. Gold coast of Africa, 3 m, E,
Annamaboe, Cometo, t. Italy, 38 ra, N. W, Rorae,
Cornish, p-t York co, Maine, on SaCo river, 50
m, N, York, Pop, 971,
Cornish, p-t, Cheshire co, N, H, on Connecti
cut river, 16 m. S. Dartmouth coUege, 34 N, W.
Concord. Pop. 1,606. '
Comouailk, t France, 21 m. W. Augers,
Comville, p-t, Somerset co, Maine, 1 1 m, E, N,
E. Norridgewock, 44 N, HaUowell, Pop, 604,
Wesserunsct river runs through the centre of the
town, and several mills are erected on it,
Cornwall, maritime co. England, forming the
S. W, extrenuty of Great Britain, It is surround
ed by the sea, except on the E. side, where it is
bounded by Devonshire. It is washed on the N.
by the Bristol channel, and on the S. by the
British channel, the Land's End being the
point at which these two seas meet. It contains
1407 sq, miles, and 188,117 inhabitants; faraiUes
44,189, of which nuraber 17,466 are engaged in
agriculture, 10,954, in trade and manufactures,
and 16,770 in other ways. The principal wealth
of Cornwall is derived from its mines. In 1800,
there were 45 mines of copper, 28 of tin, 18 of
copper aud tin, 2 of lead, 1 of lead and silver, 1
of copper and silver, 1 of silver, 1 of copper and
cobalt, 1 of tin and cobalt, and 1 of antimony, —
The annual produce of the copper mines has late
ly amounted in value to 350,0()0/, ; and of the tin
raines to raore than 250,000/, This county pos
sesses more parliamentary boroughs than any
other in the kingdora, and sends 44 members to
parliament, Cornwall, t. St, Ormond co. Up, Canada, on the
St. Lawrence, 60 ra. below Prescott
Cornwall, t. Addison co, Vt, on Otter creek, 36
m. S. Burlington, Pop, 1,279,
Cornwall, p-t, Litchfield co. Conn, on the E,
side of Housatonick river, 10 m. N, W, Litchfield.
Pop. 1,602. — There is. a Foreign Mission School in
this place, under the direction of the Araerican
Board of Coramissioners for Foreign Missions,
established in 1817, for the purpose of educating
heathen youth from various parts of the world.
After they have received their education, they
are to be sent home to instruct their own country
men. In 1820, the number of pupils was 29; of
whora 19 were Ameripan Indians, and 6 from the
islands of the Pacific ocean. Several natives of
the Sandwich islands, who were educated at this
school, hate already retumed to their country
well qualified for usefulness.
Cornwall, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
below Newburg, 52 ra. N. New York. Pop.
1,769. In this town is PFes/ Poin/, which see.
Cornwall-bridge, p-v. Litchfield co, Ct,
Cornwall, Cape, at the S, W. extremity of Eng
land. Lon, 5° 66' W. Lat. 50° Iff N,
Cornwall, Cape, the S,W, point, on Enc|eavour
Straits, in New Holland. Lon. 141° E. Lat, 10°
43' S,
Cornwall, New, a name applied to the country
on the W, coast of N, America, extending from
lat 53° 16' to 67° 5'N,
ComwalUs, co, comprehends that part of Lower
Canada, which lies on the S, side of the St, Law
rence, between Devonshfre, and the District of
Gaspe,

198

COR

ComwalUs, t. on the W, coast of Nova Scoiia,
42m.N, W.Halifax,
Comwallif Point, cape^ near the N. W. coast
of N. America, Lon, 225° 57' E, Lat 56°
56' N,
Corny, (an, Apamea,) t. Arabia, at the conflu
ence of the Tigris and Euphrates,
CViro, s-p, Venezuela, in a dry sandy plain, to
tally destitute of water, 240 m, W, Caraccas,
Lon. 69° 40' W. Lat. 11° 24' N,
Coromandel, a long line of sea coast, on the W,
side of the bay of Bengal, extending from the
Kistnah river to Point Calymere, nearly 350
mUes. Although it contains a number of flour
ishing towns, it does not possess a, good harbor in
its whole extent,
Coron, s-p, Morea, on a peninsula, in the gulf of
Coron, 16 ra. S.Modon, 40 S. W, Misitra,
Coronota, isl, Austrian empire, in the Adriatic.
Lon, 15° 40' E. Lat 44° 6' N,
Coronda, t Buenos Ayres, 5 leagues S. W,
Sante Fe. "
Corps, t, France, 25 ra, S, E, Grenoble.
Corpsnuds, t France, 10 ra, S. S. E. Rennes.
Corral de Almaguer, tSpain, in NewCastile,21
m, fr, Ocana, Pop, 4,000,
Corregio, t. Italy, 10 m, N, W. Modena,
Corresse, t. States ofthe Church, 12 m, N. Tivoli,
Correze, r. France, which runs into the Vezere,
a branch of the Dordogne,
Correze, a department of France, bounded N,
by Creuse, E. by Puy de Dorae and Cantal, S. by
Lot, S, W. by Dordogne, and N, W, by Vienna,
TUUe is the capital. Pop, 255,000.
Correze, t France, 8 m,N. E. Tulle,
Corridico, t Istria, 37 ra. S. by E. Trent,
Corrie. See Hutton and Corrie.
Corrientes, Cape, on the E, coast of Africa, Lat,
23° 48' S.
Corrientes, t. Buenos Ayres, at the junction of
the Parana and Paraguay. Pop. in 1801, 4,500.
480 ra. N. Buenos Ayres, Lon. 58° 25' W, Lat
27° 27' S,
Corrientes, cape, on the W, coast of S. Ameri
ca, in lat, 5° 30' N, ; another, on the S. coast of
Cuba, in lon. 84° 3ff W. lat 21° 38' N, ; another,
on the coast of Mexico, in the Pacific ocean, in
lon, 105° 20' W, lat 20° 22' N. '
Corrigrua, t. Ireland, in Wexford, 7 m, S, New-
borough, Corrofin, t. Ireland, in Clare, 7 m. N. N. W.
Ennia. Corrubedo, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Galicia.
Lat 42° 35'N,
Corse, t. France, 9 m. N. E, Angers,
Corseul, v. France, 5 ra. W. Dinant.
Carsham, t. Eng. in Wilts, 5 m, S. W, Chippen
ham, Pop, 2,395,
Corsica, one of the largest islands in the Medi
terranean, situated between the eoast of G enoa,
and the island of Sardinia, It is 110 miles long,
and contains 4,300 square imles, and, in 1815,
174,702 inhabitants, Corsica is covered with
mountains, which rise to a great height, and have
their tops covered with snow, during the greater
part of the year. The soil, though stony and but
Uttle cultivated, is productive in corn, exceUent
wine, oranges, lemons, figs, and other fruits, hut
the wealth of the island lies in its oil, chesnut?,
and timber. The religion is Roman Catholic, —
This island has been successively occupied by the
Carthagenians, the Romans, the Gotha, the Sara
cens, the Franks, the Pope, the Pisans, the Geno-

c o s
ese, the English, and the French, It now belongs
to France, and is divided into 2 departments, Golo
and Liamone,
Corso, Cape, the N, point of Corsica. Lon, 9°
35' E, Lat 42° 59' N.
Corsoer, t. Denmark, inthe island of Zealand,
opposite Nyeborg, in Funen, 52 ra, S, W. Copen=

Corstorphine, v, Scotland, 3 m, W, Edinburgh,
Corte, t. Corsica, 27 m, S. W. Bastia.
Carle Maggiore, t Italy, 6 m, W. Piacenza.
Cortemiglia, t Piedmont, on the Bormida, 12m.
S. E. Alba.
Cortlandt town, p-t Westchester co. N. Y, on
the Hudson, 40 m. N. New- York, Pop. 3,054.
In this town is the village of PeekskiU.
Cortlandt, co. N. Y. bounded N, by Onondaga
CO. E, by Chenango co, S. by Broome co. W. by
Tompkins and Cayuga cos. Pop. 8,869, Chief
town. Homer.
Cortlandt, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y.
Cortlandt, p-t Cortlandt co, N. Y,
Cortona, a small fortified t in the grand duchy
of Tuscany, 45 ra. S. E, Florence, 83 N, Rome,
Lon. 11° 58' E. Lat 43° 16' N. Pop. 4,000.
Carunna, s-p. Spain, in Galicia, on a peninsu
la, on the N. "VV. coast It is divided into the upper
and lower towns. The former, which lies on the
declivity ofa hill, is surrounded with a waU, and
defended by a citadel. It is the seat of the su
preme court of justice for Galicia, and contains a
royal arsenal. The harbour is spacious and se
cure. The principal exports are pUchards and
cattle. A packet seuIs hence every month for Ha
vannah. ,The intercourse like-wise between Spain
and England, is chiefly kept up by packets from
Coruuna to Falmouth. On the 16th January,
1809, a battle was fought here between the British,
under Sir John Moore, and the French, under
Soult Lon. 8° ,2ff 23" W. Lat 43° 23" 32" N.
Corns, t Syria, 40 ra. N. N. W. Aleppo.
Corwen, t Wales, in Merioneth, ou the Dee, 10
ro. W, Llangollen,
Coryddn, "p-t, Harrison co. and capital of Indi
ana, 10 m. from Ohio river, 25 W, JeffersonriUe,
20 frora New Albany. The settiement was begun
in 1809, P9p, in 1819, 1,000, In the neighbour
hood there is a cave which pi'oduces epsom-salts,
and salt-pefre,
Corzola. See Curzola.
Cos. See Stanchio.
Coscile, (an. Sybaris,) r. Naples, falls into the
gulf of Tarento, in lon, 16° 42' E, Lat, 39° 46' N.
Cosdaugo. See Casada lake.
Cosenza, city, Naples, cap, of Calabria Citra,
the residence of a royal governor, and the see of
an archbishop, is situated on seven small hiUs, at
the foot of the Appennines, between the rivers
Busiento and Crati, about 10 miles from the Med
iterranean, The environs abound in wine, oil,
fruit, honey, manna, hemp, and flax, 160 m. S,
E. Naples. Lon, 16° 47' E. Lat. 39° 22' N, Pop,
16,000, Cosfeld, t, ofthe Prussian States, 18 m, W, Mun
ster. Lon, 7° 17' E. Lat 51° 57' N,
Coshocton, or Cochecton, p-v, in Bethel, SuUivan
CO, N, Y, on the Delaware, at the crossing of the
turnpike, 60 m, W, Newburg, 140 from Albany,
Coshocton, CO, Ohio, on Muskingum river. POp,
in 1 819, 3,000, Chief to^ra, Coshocton,
Coshocton, p-t, and cap, Coshocton co, Ohio, on
Muskingum river, opposite the mouth of White-
woman's creek, 28 m, N, Zi^nesville, 66 E, Co-

cos

COT

199

lumbus. The Muskingum is navigable to this
place for large boats,
Coiia di Donda, small isl, near the W, coast of
Sardinia, Cosiguii-achi. See Cosquirachi.
Casinisstt, small isl, in the Grecian archipelago,
Lon, 26° 44' E. Lat. 36° 36' N.
Coslan, smaU isl. in Uie English channel. Lon. 3°
23' W. Lat 48° 54' N.
Coslin, t, ofthe Prussian States, in Farther Po
merania, on the Nesebach, 4 nv from the Baltic,
Its traffic is very brisk, 23 ra, E, Colberg, I-ion,
15° 27' E, Lat 54° 9' N.
Cosim, t. Pegq, on the Irawaddy, Lon, 95° 5'
E, Lat 16° 3ff N,
Cosmopoli. See Porto Ferrajo.
Cosnac, t France, 20 ra, S. Saintes,
Cosne, t. France, on the Loire, 15 ra. S, Gien,
27 N. Nevers. Pop. 4,700.
Oospore, cap. of the district of Cachar, Lon,
93°10'E. Lat26°N.
Cossaclcs, a war-like people, who inhabit the
Ukraine (i, e. the frontier,) or the countries bor
dering on Russia, Poland, and Turkey, Their
origin is Russian, and their language fundaraen-
taUy the same, although mixed with Turkish and
Polish words. They profess the Greek religion.
They are divided into two main branches, viz,
Tschemomores, or Cossacks of the Black sea, and
the Cossacks of the Don, The forraer occupy the
W. part ofthe Kuban-Steppe, lying S, ofthe river
Don, E, ofthe sea of Azof, and N, ofthe river Ku
ban, Their number is computed at 20,000. The
Cossacks of the Don occupy an extensive territory
on both sides ofthe Don, whichis included in none
of the Russian governments. They live in villa
ges of a few hundred housea, and support thera--
selves, when at home, by fishing and the breeding
of cattle. They shew little inclination for agri
cultural pursuits, although many parts of their
territory are very fertile. Their capital is Tscher-
kask, near the mouth of the Don, They enjoy
great privileges, when compared with the other
members of the Russian empire, paying no poll
money, and manufacturing their own salt and
spirits duty free. In return, each man is accoun
ted asoldier, receives no pay in time of peace, and
is bound to maintain two horses, for which the
crown supplies oats and hay only during six months
of the year. Their number amounts to 40,000
fighting men.
Cosse le Vivien, t. France, 9 m, W, S, W, La
val, Cosseir, s-p, Egypt, on the coast of the Red sea,
by which the communication between that coun
try and Arabia ia chiefly maintained. Lop, 34°
e's, Lat 26° 8'N,
C'ossimfiasar, a large manufacturirg town iuBen-
gal, on Bhagarutty river, comprising the English,
Dutch, anil French factories. It has been long
celebrated for its silk manufactures. The tract
encompassed by the Bhagarutty, Jellingy, and
Ganges rivers, is called by Europeans theCossim-
bazar island, and abounds with all descriptions
of game. 90 m. N. Calcutta. Lon. 88° 15' E,
Lat 24° 10' N,
Cosslin. See Coslin.
Cossoney, t, Switzerland, 12 m, S, Yverdun,
Pop, 2,230,
Cassava, t, Eu, Turkey, in Servia, on an eleva
ted plain of the same narae,
Cosswig. See Coswick.
Costa, r, W, Africa, falls into the gulf of Guinea

at the town of Grand Bassam, Lon, 4° 16' W.
Lat, 5° 25' N,
Costa Rica, a province of Spanish America,
bounded N, by Nicaragua, S, E, by Veragua, W,
and S, W, by the Pacific,
Costheim, v. Gerraany, on an island in the
Rhine, at the raouth of the Maine, 1 ra, E. Mentz,
Castigliola, t, Piedraont, near Asti ; one, lira.
S, W, Savigliano, ,
Costnits. See Constance.
Costosa, V, Venetian territory, 5 m, S. Vioenza.
Costow, r. Eng, flows into the Derwent, 2 m, N,
New Malton.
Coswick, t. Germany, in the principality of An-
halt-Rernburg, 6 m, E, Dessau. Lon, 12° 32' E,
Lat 51° 55' N,
Cosslin. See Coslin.
Cotabamba, a province of Peru, bounded N. by
Abancay, S, by Chilques and Masques, W, by
Chumbivilcas, and N. W, by Aimaraez, Popi
10,000, Cotaco, CO. Alabama, on the S, side of Tennessee
river. Chieftown, Somerville,
Calais, or Cotatis, cap. of Imeretia, on the Phasis,
110 m. W, N, W, Teflis, Lon. 43° Iff E, lat
42° 26' N, ¦
Cote, La, is the name given to a part of thfe
Pays de Vaud, extending for fifteen miles along
the lake of Geneva, between the rivers Aubonne
and Doulive. It is one of the raost populous and
beautiful tracts in Switzerland, and is particularly
famed for its wine, called from it vin de la Cote.
Cote d' Or, a department of France, formed out
of the N, part of Burgundy, It contains 3,430
square miles, 366,500 inhabitants,andis productive
in com, but above all in excellent wine, , Dijon
is the chief town.
Cote d' Or, Canal de La, (likewise called the
Canal of Burgundy or Dijon, and the Canal de
I'Est.) It forma a comraunication between the
Saone and the Yonne, and is about 130 miles long.
Cole St. Andre, t France, 18 ra. S, E, Viennci
Pop. 3,700,
Cotentin. See Coutances.
Cote-sans-dessein, t. Montgomery co. Missouri,
and the temporary seat of" Government of the
State, is on Missouri river, opposite the mouth of
the Osage, 70 ra, W. St, Charles.
Cotes duNord, department in the W, of France,
bordering on the English channel. It contaitia
2,800 square miles, and 520,000 inhabitants. The
capital is S. Brieuc,
Cothen. See Kothen, and AnhaU.
Cothy, r, Wales, joins the Towery, 3 m. from
Caermartl|pn. Cotiari, sraall isl, onthe coast of Ceylon, 20 m,
S, S, E, Trincomaly,
Cotignac, t, France, 6 ra, E, Baqols. Pop.
3,300. Cotignola, t. Ecclesiastica.1 State, 25 ra, S. S. E.
Ferrara. Catik, p-v, Cotile co. Louisiana,
Cotiote, a small district of India, in Malabar,
containing about 312 square miles, lying between
TeUicherry and Coorg,
Cotoca, t. S. Ainerica, in Chiquitos, 40 m, N, W,
Santa Cruz de la Sierra,
Cotopaxi, an enormous mountain and volcano of
the Andes, about 40 miles S. E. of Quito, It is
18,898 feet above the level of the sea. Its explo--
sions are frequent and dreadful. When an erup
tion takes place, the snow around the volcano it-
suddenly melted, and a torrent of water is pour-

200

C O V

ed down from the mountain. Ashes, ffre, and
rocks are Uien thrown forth with a dreadful roar
ing noise, and spread desolation over the surroun
ding plains. The roar of the volcano continues
day and night so long as the eruption lasts, and has
been heard at tbe distance of 600 railes. The
raoit reraarkable eruptions have taken place in the
years 1698, 1738, 1742, 1744, 1766, 1768, and
1803. In 1698 the volcano burst forth in such a
treraendoua manner, as to destroy the city of Ta-
cunga, with three fourths of its inhabitants,
Cotrona, t Naples, 14 ra, W, Caugiano,
Coirane, (an. Crotona,) s-p. Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, on thegulf of Tarento, 10m. S. E. St. Seve
rina. Pop. 4,640, Lon, 17° 26' E. Lat. 39°
8' N,
Cotswold Hills, Eng. in 'Gloucester, 30 miles in
length, and about 20 in breadth.
Cottacotta, t. Hind, in Golconda, Lon, 78° 47'
E, Lat 15° 16' N,
Cottbus, t. in the circle of Cotthus, in the Prus
sian states, on the Spree, 36 m, S, S. 'W. Frankfort,
on the Oder, 48 N, N. E. Dresden, 30 S. E. BerUn,
Pop, 6,000. Lon. 14° 22' E. Lat, 51° 46' N,
Cottico River, S. Araerica, falls into the Com
mewina river, about20 m, before its junction with
the Surinam,
Cottiwar, or Cottivad, a considerable district of
Hind, in Gujerat, Lat 22° N,
Cotym, V. Hind, on the Malabar coast, 18 ra,
frora AUepie, For an account of the QoUege re
cently established here, see Travancore.
Cotton-Gin Port, at ihe head of navigation on
the Tombigbee, in Misaisaippi, about 16 ra, W, of
the boundary of Alabama,
Cotton Port, p-t and cap. Limestone co, Alaba
ma, on Limestone creek, 1 m. above its confluence
with the Tennessee, It was laid out in 1818,
Caubeby, v. Palestine, on the site ofthe ancient
Emmaus, Co-uches, t. France, 8 ra, N, W, Chalons sur
Saone. Cauca, district of Algiers, between the capital
and Bongeiah.
Coucouron, t France, 31 ra. "W. Privas.
Coucy, t. France, in .Aisne, on the Oise, 12 m,
W. S. W, Laon, 13 E, S, E, Noyou.
Coudo, t Tunis, 20 m. N. E, Kairwan.
Coudray, Le, t. France, 6 m, N, E, Paris,
Coudres, Isle aux, a small isl, of Lower Canada,
in the river St. Lawrence, 45 ra. below Quebec,
Cove, t. Ireland, 9 m, N, Cork, •
Covelong, t and fort, India, on the sea coast, 25
m. S. Madras, Lat 12° 44' N,
Coventry, city, Eng, in Warwick, . It has 3
churches. St, Michael's is a beautiful specimen
ofthe English architecture, and its fine tower and
spire rank among the principal ornaments of this
city. There are five places of worship for dissen
ters. The principal manufactures are ribbons
and watches. The Oxford and Coventry canals
afford great faciUties to commerce. In 1808, Uiere
were 2,819 silk and ribbon looms in this city, A
weekly market is held here, and there are several
fairs, one of which is called the great or show fair,
and, continues eight days, Coventry aendd 2 mem
bers to parliament, 18 m, S, E, Birmingham, 49
N, W. Oxford, 91 N,W, London, Lon, 1° 3ff W.
Lat 52° 24' N, Pop, 17,923,
Coventry, t. Gr-.ifton co. N. H. 9 m. E. Haver
hiU. Pop, 162.
Coventry, t. Orleans co. Vt, on lake Memphra
magog, 46 m, N. Montpplier. , Pop. 178.

C O V
Cpventry, t. Kent co. R, L IS m, S, W, Proyi?
deuce. Pop, 2,928, It is weU watered. Some
of the streams run into the Patuxet on the E,'dnd
some into the Quinebaug on the W,
Coventry, p-t ToUand co, Ct, 18 m, E, Hart
ford, Pop. 1,938.
Coventry, p-t Chenango co. N. Y. 7 m. W. Jer
icho., Pop. 860.
Coventry, t. Chester co. Pa. on the S. side of the
Schuylkill, opposite Pottsgrove. Pop. 1,608.
Coventry, t. Portage co. Ohio, 15 ra, S, W, Ra
venna. "The portage between the Cuyahoga and
the Tuscarawas, is at this place,
Cooeripnuk, t India, 9 m. E. Arcot, Lon, 79°
37' E. Lat 12° 52' N.
Coueton, t. France, 7 m. W. Nantes.
Covert, t Tompkins co. N. Y. extending be
tween Seneca and Cajruga lakes.
Couesnan, small r. France, falls into the British
channel, in lon. 2° 33' W. and lat 48° 30' N.
Couhe, t. France, 9 m. S. S. E, Lusignan,
Couili, Cape, on the S, coast of NatoUa. Lon.
29° 7' E,
Covilhao, t Portugal, in Beira, 18 m, S, W.
Guarda, Covington, t. Genesee co. N, Y. 12 m. S. E. Ba
tavia. Covington, formerly Putnam, p-t. Tioga co. Pa.
Covington, p-t. St. Tammany's co. Louisiana.
Coeington, p-t. CampbeU co. Ken. on the Ohio,
oppoaite Cincinnati, and separated by Licking
creek, from Newport. The great road from Vfr-
ginia to the Miami passes through it It is weU
situated for trade. Licking river being navigable
for large boats, 1(K) miles. The streets of the
town are so laid out, as to appear to be a continu
ation of those of Cincinnati. Handsome pubUc
buildings are to be erected, and a bridge to con
nect it with Newport The scenery around this
place is uncommonly beautiful.
Camngton, t and cap. Washington co. IlUnois,
on Kaskaskias river.
Coulan, t. India, on the coast of Travancore.
Its principal exports are pepper, cotton, ginger,
and cardomums. Lat. 8° 51' N.
Coulanges sur Yonne, t France, 17 m. Sw Aux
erre. Coulans, t. France, 9 ra. W. Le Mans.
Coulding's Harbor, onthe N. W, coastof Amer
ica, 15 m. N. PorUock's harbor,
Coulommieres, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne,
12 m, S, E, Meaux,
Coulonche, La, t France, in Orne, 20 m, S, W.
Falaiae, Coulanges les Royceux, t France, 14 ra, N, W.
Niort, Coulans, t. France, in Loiret, 9 m, S, W, Gien.
Council Bluff, on the E. side of Uie Missouri, a
litUe above the mouth of the river Platte. Lon.
96° 40' W. Lat, 41° 30' N, This place is occu
pied by the U, S, as a miUtary post. The position
is a very iraportant one, being about half way be
tween St, Louis and the Mandan viUage, and at
that point on the Missouri, which approaches
nearest to the post at the mouth of St, Peters,
with which, in the event of hostilities, it may co
operate. It is, besides, in the centre of the most
powerful tribes, and the most numerous Indian
population, west of the Mississippi,
Countess Point, cape, on the N, W, coast of
America, in Prince 'WiUiam's aound, Lat 60°
13 N. -
Covolo, pass, in Tyrol, at the extremity of the

c o u

C R A

201

ValSugano, on the Brenta, 20 m, N, Vicenza, 21
E, Trent,
Covorden. See Coevorden.
Coupar. See Cupar.
Couptrain, t, France, in Mayenne, 7 ra, N. Vi
laine, Co«i- Mayor, v. Piedmont, at the foot of Mont
Blanc, near the conflux of the two Daires.
Coura, r. Portugal, runs into the Duero, 4 ra,
N, E, Lamego,
Courantin. See Corenlin.
Courbali, v. W, Africa, near the mouth of the
Rio Grande,
Courbeville, t. France, 9 ra, S, "W, Laval,
Courcelles, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 6 ra, N.
W, Bapaume,
Courcelles, t France, 12 ra, S, Langres,
Courdte, t. France, 16 ra, E. Mayenne.
Courco, Cape, on the W. coast of Natolia. Lat,
38°11'N. Courcon, t France, 12 m, S, Auxerre.
Courgoins, t. Franoe, 18 ra, N. Le Mans.
Courgis, t. France, 9 m, E, Auxerre.
Couripi, r. Guiana, falls into the Yacopa, at its
mouth, Courland, formerly a duchy dependent on Po
land, now a government of Eui:opean Russia,
bounded N, by the gulf of Riga ; N. E, by Livo
nia, from which it is^separated by the Dwina ; S,
by Wilna, and W, by the Baltic, It contains, on
1 1,200 sq, miles, a population of 450,000, The
ancient division was into Courland Proper, Semi
gallia, and the bishopric of PUten ; itis now dis
tributed into five circles. The soil is fertile, and
flax forms the chief production.
Courland, Gulf of. See Curisches Haff.
Coumoyer, seigniory, Surry co. Lower Canada,
on the river Richelieu,
Courpierre, t. France, 9 ra. S. Thiers,
Coursan, t. France, 3 ra. N, Narbonne,
Court of Aldermen, smaU islands, near the E.
ooast of New Zealand, Lon, 183° 37' W; Lat
36° 67' S,
Courtabkau, r, Louisiana, is formed by the Cro
codile and Boeuf, and joins the Atchafalaya, 30
ra, W, Baton Rouge,
Courtenay, t France, 14 m. S. W. Sena,
Courtesan, t. France, 10 ra, N, Avignon.
Courtland. See Cortlandt.
Courtmascherry Bay, on the S, E. coast of Ire
land, between tiie old head of Kinsale, and the
Seven Heads. Lon, 8° 40' W, Lat 51° 36' N,
Courtray, t. Netherlands, ou the Lys, It is
celebrated for linen and lace manufactures, and
was formerly a place of considerable strength ;
but its works were demolished by the French in
1744, 13 m. N, W, Tournay, 16 N, N. E, LiUe,
Lon, 3° 16' 6" E. Lat, 50° 49' 43" N. Pop,
14,000, Courtwright, p-v. Fairfield co. Ohio.
Causa, sraall r, Congo, in Africa, falls into the
Atlantic, about 60 miles S, of the Zaire,
Coutances, t. France, in La Manche, on the
Soule, 6 ra, frora its influx into the English chan
nel. Its manufactures are chiefly of linen and
lace, in which articles, as in corn, flax, and wool,
the inhabitants carry on an active trade. Pop,
11,000, .50ra. W.Caen, Lon. 1°26'23"W, Lat
49° 2'64"N,
Couterne, t. France, 9 m. S. E. Domfront
Coutras, t. France, at the conflux of the Drome
and the Ille, 24 m. N. E. Bourdeaux.

Couvins, t Netherlands, 14 m. S, W, Charle
mont, Couvorden Point, on the S. side of the entrance
into Lynn canal, on the N, W, coast of America,
Lat, 68° 12' N,
Cowal, district, Scotland, the peninsula between
the frith of Clyde and Loch Fine,
Cowbridge, t, Wales, 12 m, W, Cardiff,
Coiodo, V, Africa, 5 m, N, W, Tunis.
Cowdersport, t. and cap. Potter co. Pa.
Coweliskee River, N, Ainerica, runs into the
Columbia river, about 100 ra. from it's mouth,
Cowes, West, s-p, Eng, in the Isle of Wight. Its
harbor is one ofthe safest and most commpdious in
the British channel. The trade is considerable,
chiefly in provisions and other articles, for ships
which ride here, waiting for convoy or favourable
winds. 12ra. "VV, S. W. Portsraouth.
Coweta, p-v. Alabama.
Cowie, r. Scotland, falls into the ocean at Stone
haven, Cow Islarid, (Isle de Vaches,) in Missouri river,
380 m. above its mouth. Here the expedition to
the YeUowstone wintered in 1818-^19.
Cowl Doorg, t. and fort. Hind, in Bednore.
Lon. 76° 11' E. Lat 13® 17' N,
Cowpasture, r. Va, one of the principal branch
es of James river.
Cowpens, in Union co, S. C, between Pacolet
and Broad rivers, the place where Gen, Morgan
defeated the British under Col, Tarleton, Jan.
11, 1781.
Cowpershill, p-v, Robertson co. N, C,
Cows Bay, or Bahia das Vaccas, a bay of Ben
guela, in Western Africa,
Cox, cape, on the N. W. coast of America-,
Lat 51° 3ff N.
Coxackie, p-t Greene co. N, Y, on the Hudson,
25 m. S, Albany, 8 above CatskiU. Pop. 4,057.
There are 3 landings in this town. The village
of Coxackie contains about 100 dweUing-houses,
and a church. New Baltimore was set off from
the N. part of this town in 1811,
Coyau, settlement, Tenn, on Tennessee river,
30 ra. below KnoxviUe.
Coylton, parish, Scotland, Ayrshire, on the
banks of the Ayr and Doon,
Coziquiriachi, Santa Rosa de, t. Mexico, in the
intendancy of Durango, 24 leagues S, W, Chihu
ahua, Pop- of th« district 10,'fOO.
Cozumel, isl. near the E, coast of Yucatan.
Lat. 19° 56' N.
Crab. See Bieka.
Crab-bottom, or Hulls, p-v. Pendleton co. Va.
Crob-orMai-d, p-v, Washington co, Va.
Crab-orehard, p-t Lincoln co. Ken, on Dick'^
river, 8 m, frora Curaberland river, 25 S, E. Dan
ville, Cracow, a free city of Poland, at the confluence
of the Vistula and Rudowa, It has three suburbs,
one of which, Casimir, lies on the opposite bank
of the Vistula, and is sometimes considered a sep
arate town. It is the see of a bishop. The ca
thedral contains the tomba of the ancient PoUsh
kings.— This city is said to have had, formerly,
70,000 inhabitants. The number in 1810 was
only 25,736, The richer classes are Germans,
and those in the suburb of Casimir mostly Jews,
Its situation for trade is very convenient. The
principal objects of it are wood, fish, Hungarian
wine, wax, honey, and linen cloth, 128 ra. S. S.
W.Warsaw. Lon.]9°57 9"E._f-,'at 50° 3'38"N.

26

202

CRE

Cradoo, s-p, Benin, in Africa, on the bay of La-
goS, at the mouth of the Palmar,
Craftsbury, p-t. Orleans co. Vt, 28 m. N. Mont
peUer, Pop. 566. The courts of the county
were formerly held here.
Craigag Point. See Crakag Point.
Craigie's mills, p-v. Oxford co. Maine.
Craig-Lagan, proraontory, Scotland, on the W.
coastof Wigtonshire, 10m.fr. Stranraer.
Craig Point, cape, N. W. coast of America, on
the N. coast of the Duke of York's island. Lat.
56° 3ff N. •
Crail, a royal burgh and pariah of Scotland, in
Fife, at the entrance of the frith of Forth, 10 ra.
B. E. St. Andrews. Pop. 1,600.
Crakag Point, proraontory, Scotland, on the E.
coast of Sutherlandshire. Lat 58° 6' N.
Cramond, y. Scotiand, at the conflux of the
Forth and the Almond, 54 m. W. Edinburgh.
Cranberry, p-t. Middlesex co. N. J. 9 m. E.
Princeton, 16 S. S. W. Brunswick.
Cranberry, t. Butler co. Pa, Pop. 643,
Cranberry islands, 2 in number, on the coast of
Maine, near the S, E. coastof Mount Desert,
Cranbome, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire, Hi S, W,
Salisbury, Lon. 1° 54' W, Lat. 50° 56' N.
Cranbrook, t Eng, in Kent, 49 m, S. S, E, Lon
don, Pop. 2,994,
Craney, small ialand, Va. in Hampton Roads,
On the S. siA6 of James river, at the mouth of
Elizabeth river, 5 m. S. W. Fort George. It has
a strong fort, which commands the entrance of
both rivers.
Cranganore, s-p, India, on the coast of Malabar,
Lat. 10° 15' N.
Cransoc, large v, France, 15 m. N. W. Rhodez,
Cranston, v, Scotland, 9 m. S. E. Edinburgh.
Cranston, t Providence co. R, I. on tlie W.
bank of Providence river, 5 m. S. Providence,
Pop, 2,161, It contains 4 houses of public wor
ship, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Quakers, and I for
Methodists. Iron ore of an excellent quaUty is
found here. The manufacture of cotton is car
ried on extensively in this tovvn. In this town
ia the -village of Pawtuxet, which see.
Craonne, t. France, in Aisne, 11 m, S. E,
L'aon, Croponne, t. France, 14 m. W, Monistrol.
Crati, (an. Crathis,) r, Naples, in Calabria Ci
tra, faUs into the gulf of Tartnto, after uniting
with the Coscile,
Crato, t, Portugal, 11 m. W, Portalegre.
Craven, co. in Newborn district, N, C, Pop.
12,676, Slaves, 5,050. Chief town, Ncwbem.
Crawford, v, Scotland, 40 m, S, W, Edinburgh,
Crawford, co. Pa, bounded N, by Erie co, E, by
Warren co, S, by Venango and Mercer counties,
and W, by Ohio, Pop, 6,178. Chieftown, Mead-
viUe, Crawford, co, Indiana,
Crawford, co. Illinois, on the Wabash, Pop, in
1818,2,074, Craufurdsdike, or Cartsdike, v. Scotland, forras
the suburb of Greenock on the E,
Crawick, r, Scotland, falls into the Nith, near
Sanquhar. Cray, St. Mary, t. Eng. in Kent, 134 >"• E. S, E,
London, Crayford, t, Eng, in Kent, on the river Cray, 13
m. E. S, E. London,
Creanccs, or Creange, s-p, France, 10 p, S,
Coutances. Crrry, or Cressy en Penthieu, t, France, in

^ R E
Somme; celebrated for the great victory gained
on 26th August, 1346, by Edward III. of England,
over Philip VI, of France, Itstands on the Maye,
100 m. N. Paris, Lon, 1° 58' E, Lat. 50° 16'^N.'
Crediton, t. Eng, in Devonshire, onthe Creedy,
7 m, S. E, Exeter. Pop. 5,178,
Cree, r. Scotland, issues from Loch-Moan, and
empties into Wigton bay at the burgh of Cree-
town, Creedy, i. Eng. flows into the Ex, near Exe
ter. Creegerstown, t Frederick co. Md. on theMon-
ococy river, 11 m. N. Frederickton.
Creek Agency, Baldwin co. Geo. on Flint river,
30 m. W. Fort Hawkins, Here is a post-office.
Creeks, Indians, inhabiting the western parts of
Georgia, and the eastern parts of Alabama.—
Their principal settlements are on the Coosa,
TaUapoosa, and Chatahoochee rivers. The coun
try is fertile and salubrious, covered 'with fine
timber, watered by numerous na-vigable rivers,
and sufficiently extensive to support, with proper
cultivation, more than a miUion souls. The num
ber ot the Creeks was formerly estimated at
24,000, of whom 6,000 were warriors, but in
their war with the U. S. in 1813-14, they suffered
severe losses. They now amount to 20,000, and
are the raost warlike tribe on this side the Mis
sissippi. For several years past, efforts have been
raade to introduce araong them agriculture and
the arts of civUized life, and with considerable
success. They now cultivate tobacco, rice, and
maize ; and raise cattie, hogs, and poultry. The
loom and the anvil are SuccessfuUy estabUshed ;
and Uie children are instructed in reading, wri
ting, and arithmetic.
Creetoun, v. Scotiand, in Kirkcudbrightshfre,at
the entrance of the Cree into Wigton bay.
Crefeld. See Crevelt.
Creil, t France, on the Oise, 30 m. N, Paris,
Crema, tltaly, capital of the Cremasco, Itis
on Uie Serio and Travacone,' is weU built and for
tified. It is the see of a bishop, and has a splen
did cathedral. Pop. 8,800, 20 m. N, W. Cre
mona, 22 E. S. E, Milan, Lon, 9° 41' 57" E. Lat
46° 21' 29" N,
Cremasco, or Territory of Crema, country, Italy.
between the Adda and OgUo, 74 mUes long, and
46 broad.
Cremeaux, t France, 9 m. S. Roanne.
Cremieu, t France, 17 m. E. Lyons.
Cremmen, t. Prussia, 22 m. N. N. W. Berlin.
Cremnits, t, Hungary, situated amidst loftj'
mountains. The nuraber of rainers is 1,500, the
total population 10,200, 18 m. N. W. Schemnitz,
100 E, Vienna. Lon. 18° 53' 45" E. Lat 48° 42'
3" N,
Cremona, city, Lombardy, cap, of the Cremo-
nese, atanda in a beautiful plain, about i of a mUe
from the Po. A canal pasaea through the town,
and unites the Po with the Oglio, Here are 44
churches and chapels, 43 convents, an obscure
university, and a population of nearly 30,000. —
The tower of Cremona is 372 feet high, and from
its top is a fine view of the fertile plains of Lom
bardy, 38 m. S, E, Milan, Lon, 10° 2' 12" E.
Lat 45° 7' 43" N.
Crems, t. Austria, on the Danube, 38 m, W, N
W". Vienna.
Creon, t. France, 11 m, S, Bourdeaux,
Creran. See Linne-loch.
Cresapsburg, p-t, Alleghany co. Md. 5 m. W.
CumberlanOL

C R I

C R O

203

Crescentino, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 20 m, N.
E, Turin, Pop. 4,000.
Crescent Island, in the Pacific ocean, Lon. 225°
30' E. Lat 23° 22' S,
Crespy, t. France, 38 m, N. E, Paris.
Crespy en Laonnois, t. France, 6 ra. N. W.
Laon. Cressy. See Crecy.
Crest, Le, or Le Crel, t, France, on the Drome,
45 m, S. W, Grenoble. Pop, 4,500,
Crete. See Candia.
Crevant, t. France, near the conflux of the
Eure and the Yonne, 134 m, S, by E. Paris, Lon,
3° 39' E. Lat. 47° 42' N,
Creveeoeur, t. France, on the Scheldt, 5 ra, S,
Csunbray, Crevelt, t. Prussian states, west of the Rhine,
6 m, N. W, Dusseldorf, Lon, 6° 22' E. Lat, 51°
18' N. Pop. 8,300.
Crevilknte, t. Spain, in Valencia. Lon. 1° 43'
W. Lat 38° 28' N. Pop, 9,000,
Creus, or Cruz, Capo de, Spain, on the coast of
Catalonia. Lat 42° 19' N,
Creuse, e. France; after a course of 40 leagues,
it falls into the Vienna.
Creuse, a departraent of France, on the river
Creuse. It contains 2,300 square miles, and
227,000 inhabitants. Gueret is the capital.
Creussen, t. Bavaria, 7 m. S. Bayreuth.
Creutz, t. Austria, 1 18 m. S, Vienna, Lon, 16°
32' 18" E, Lat 46° 1' 16' N.
Creutsberg, v. Gerraany, in Hesse, 25 ra, E. S.
E, Cassel, Lon, 10° 2ff E. Lat, 51° 5' N,
Creutsburg, t Gerraany, in Saxe Weiraar, 7 ra,
N, N. W, Eisenach. Lon. 10 16' E. Lat. 61° 6' N.
Creutsburg, t SUesia, 28 m, E, N. E, Brieg,
Lon, 18° 16' E, Lat 60° 66' N. Pop. 1,780.
Creutzburg, t Prussia, 15 ra, S, S, W, Konigs
berg, Creutzenach, t. Prussian states, in the province
ofthe Lower Rhine, on the Nahe. Pop. 3,200, 18
m. S, W, Mentz. Lon. 7° 49' E. Lat 49° 48' N,
Creus;, promontory in Catalonia, Lon, 3° 2ff
50" E, Lat 42° 19' 35" N.
Crewkeme, t. Eng, in Someraetshire, 20 ra, S, E,
Taunton, Pop. 3,021.
Crewsville, p-v, Hanover co, Va,
Crichton, v. Scotland, 11 ra, S. E, Edinburgh,
Crichton's store, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Crickhowell, t. Wales, in Brecknockshire, near
the Usk, 6 m. N. W, Abergavenny,
Crickieth, t. Wales, 21 ra. S. Caernarvon.
Cricklade, t. Eng. in Wiltshire, on the S. bank of
the Thames, 844 m, W, N, W. London.
Crieff, t Scotland, 18 m. W. Perth, Pop, 3,330.
Crillon, Cape, on the S, coast of SaghaUn. Lon,
142° 54' E, Lat 45° 57'N.
Crimea, or Crim Tartary, (the Chersonesus
Taurko ofthe ancients), a peninsula of Eu. Rus
sia, in the S, of the govemraent of -Taurida, be
tween lat, 44° 3ff and 46° N, and forraed by the
Black sea on the W. and S, and the sea of .Azoph
on the E, It is 208 miles long, and 124 broad,
and contains 5,625 sq, miles, 'The river Salgir
divides the Crimea into two parts, the northern
of which consists of salt marshes, and vast heaths,
which afford pasture to numerous flocks of sheep.
The southern portion of the peninsula is one of
the most delightful spots on the face of the globe.
The mountains inclose vallies of the greatest fer
tility, enjoying a fine climate, and rich in all the
/riiits of the South, Owing to the encourage

ment of the Russian government, the population,
comraerce and wealth of the Criraea, have of late
greatly increased. The population is now esti
mated at 300,000,
Crio, Cape, the S. W, pointof the island of Can
dia, Lon, 23° 22' E, Lat, 36° 16' N,
CHo, Cape, on the W, coast of Natolia, Lat, 36°
4ffN. Criquebcaif sur Mer, s-p, France, 7 ra. W, Har-
fleur, Cris, Big and Little, two points on the N, shore
of Lake Superior, E. of isle Grange, Upper Can
ada, and surrounded by islands ; between these
points is a noted and safe harbor.
Crissu, (an. Crissa) v. Greece, on Parnassus, 3
ra. fr. Castria.
Croatia, country, Europe, extending from the
river Drave to the gulf of Venice, between lat.
44° 5' 48" and 46° 25' 50" N. It is bounded E. by
Sclavonia and Bosnia, and W. by Carniola and
Styria ; its length is 160 miles, and ita breadth .
about 1(X). It belongs principally to Austria, but
partly to "Turkey. The tract lying between the
rivers Unna and Verbaa belongs to Turkey. Aus
trian Croatia is divided into : 1. The Banat, or
civil departraent ; 2. 'The Generalat, or military
division ; 3, The Littorale, or maritirae tract, be
tween Fiurae and Carlopago, The flrst of these
divisions has a government and provincial states
similar to Uiose of Hungary ; the constitution of
the second is entirely military ; and tlie third has
a separate governor, Austrian Croatia contains
9,421 aq, railes, and 800,000 inhabitants. The in
habitants are divided into two great classes, the
Germans and Sclavonians. The religion is either
the Catholic or Greek,
Croghan's gap, p-v, Cumberland co. Pa,
Croghanvilk, t, Sandusky co, Ohio, on the E.
side of Sandusky river, opposite Fort Stephenson,
20 m. above its mouth, 105 E. Columbus.
Crq/a, t Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 18 m, N, E.
Durazzo, 28 S. Scutari.
Grain, t. France, 3 ra, fr. Cognac.
Croisette, prdmontory ou the S. coast of France,
near Marseilles.
Croisic, Le, s-p, France, on a point of land be
tween the raouths of the Villaine and the Loire,
40 m, W. Nantes, Lat. 47° 17' 43" N.
Crolks, t. France, 10 ra.N, E, Grenoble.
Cromar. See Marr.
Cromarty, county, Scotland, formed of several
detached portions within the county of Ross. Pop.
4,000. Cromarty, s-p. Scotland, in Cromarty co. is on a
peninsula ^between the friths of Croraarty and
Murray, It has a safe and coramodious harbour.
Pop, 2,413, 19 ra. N. E. Inverness.
Cromer, s-p. Eng. in Norfolk, 21 m. N, Nor
wich, Lon, 0° 3ff E, Lat, 52° 55' N,
Cromford, t Eng, in Derbyshire, on the Der
went, 141 m. N. London, Pop, 1,259,
Crompton, t. Eng, near Manchester, Pop. 4,746,
Cronach, r. Franconia, falls into the 'VVhite
Maine, 20 ra. E. Culmbach.
Cronach, t. Bavaria, 13m. E. Coburg, 30 N.E,
Bamberg, Lon. H°2ff E, Lat 50° 15'N,
Cronat sur Loire, t. France, 32 m, S. W, Autun.
Cronberg, t. Germany, 9 ra, N. W, Frankfort on
the Maine,
Croiiborg, a fortress pf'Denmark, ou the island
of Zealand, on a point of land on the W. side of
the ^ound, a littie N, of ElSnore, and opposite

204

C R O

Helsiugborg, in Sweden, It is intended to guard
the passage of the sound ; 24 m, N, Copenhagen,
Lon, 12° 36' E, Lat 50° 3' N, r -6
Crone, t. ofthe Prussian states, in Posen, 56 m,
S, Dantzic, Pop. 2,000,
iir^S"^*""^' *"'"' ''¦eland, in Arklow, 8 m, S, S,
W. Wicklow, famous for iron and sulphur,
Cronstadt, s-p, and fortress of Russia, in the gov
ernment of St Petersburg, at the S, E. extremity
^ the island of Retusari, in the gulf of Finland,
The principal pubUc buildings are the imperial
hospital for sailors, the civil hospital, the barracks,
the Enghsh and German churches, &c. The har
bour is very spacious, and ia the principal station
of the Russian navy. The docks can hold ten men
of war. Here is a foundery for casting cannon, and
a rope-walk for manufacturing cables of aU sizes,
with great magazines of naval stores. Cronstadt
IS defended towards the sea by fortifications pro
jecting into the water, and towards the land by
ramparts and bastions. The principal passage to
St Petersburg is between this town and Cron-
schlott This channel is of sufficient depth for the
largest ships, and can be opened aud shut at plea
sure. The principal exports are iron, flax, hemp,
Unseed, oil, and tar. Pop. 40,000, ofwhom 10,000
are sailors ; 22 ra, W. of St. Petersburg, Lon, 29°
49' 30" E, Lat 59° 69' 26" N,
Cronstadt, a large trading town of Transylva
nia, on the Farcas. Pop. 23,000, 50 ra, E, N. E,
Hermannstadt Lon, 26° 33' 47" E, La.t 45° 36'
30" N,
Crooked creek. Pa, runs into the AUeghany 8 ra,
below Kittaning,
Crooked creek bridge, p-v, Arraatrong co. Pa,
Crooked Islands, among the Baharaas, Lon, 74°
W, Lat22°3ffN,
Crooked Lake, in Steuben and Ontario counties,
N, Y, communicates by an outiet, 6- miles long,
with Seneca Lake, It ia 18 miles long, and H
broad. Crooked river, Maine, runs into Seabakookpond
after a S, S. E. course of about 40 mUes,
Croaked river, Camden co. Geo. runs into the
AUantic between the SatiUa and the St, Mary's,
12 or 14 m, N. St Mary's.
Crooked river, Illinois, runs into the Illinois from
the N, W, 76 m. above its mouth,
Cropani, t Naples, 9 m. E. N. E. St. Severina.
Cropredy, v. Eng, in Oxford co. 3 m. N. Banbury.
Crosby, p-t. Hancock co. Maine.
Crosby, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the Miami,
opposite Colerain,
Cross Anchor, p-v, Spartanburg co, S, C,
Cross creeks. See Fayetteville.
Cross creek, t Washington co. Pa, Pop, 1,847.
Cross creek, t. Jefferson co, Ohio, 3 ra, W, Steu
benviUe, Cross island, on the coast of Maine, at the en
trance into Machias bay, Lon, 67° 15' W,
Cross Keys, p-v, Southarapton co, Va,
Cross Keys, p-v. Union co. S. C,
Cross Lake, N, Y, on the borders of Cayuga
and Onondago counties. Seneca river passes
through it.
CVos* River, W. Africa, falls into the sea at the
head of Old Calabar Bay,
Cross Cape, on the E, coast of Florida, Lon, 84°
50' W, Lat 46° 27' N,
Cross Cape, N. W, coast of America, the S, E,
pointof Crosa sound, Lat 57° 56' N,
Cross river, p-v, Westchester co, N, Y,
Cross roads, v. in New-London, Chester co. Pa,

CUB
27'm,S, E, Lancaster, 11 N, by'W, Elkton, Md.
and 18 W, N. W, Wilmington, DeL
Cross roads, v, Kent co, Md, 2 m, S, George
town, Cross Sound, a spacious opening on the N, W.
coast of America, between Cape Spencer, on the
continent, and Point Bingham on the coast of King
George's archipelago, Lat, 58° 8' N,
Crossen, t. Germany, 68 m, E, S, E, Berlin,
Crosswicks. v, Burlington co, N. J. 4 m. S, W.
Allentown, 8 S. E. Trenton, 14 S, W, Buriington.
Crostolo, r, Italy, joins the Po above GuastaUa.
Crotendorf, v. Saxony, 18 m. S, Chemnitz,
Croton creek, rises in New-Fairfield, Ct, and
running across Putnam and Westchester counties,
N, Y, falls into the Tappan sea, in Hudson river.
At Croton-faUs the water descends perpendicu
larly 60 or 70 feet A bridge erected across the
creek 3 miles from ita mouth, commands a fine
view ofthe falls,
Crotoy, Le, s-p, France, on the Somme, 12 m.
N, W. AbbeviUe. Lat. 60° 12'46"N.
Crovet, t. Savoy, 2 m. N. E. MontmeUan.
Crovie, v. Scotiand, in Banff, 14 m. W. Fraser-
burg. Crouy, t France, 10 m. N. E. Meaux.
Crousilk, -La, t France, 10 m. S. E. Limoges.
Crow creek. Ten. falls into the Tennessee, oppo
site Crow town, 12 m. below Nickojack to-wn.
Crow Head, cape, Ireland, the N, W. exfremity
of Bantry bay, Lon. 10° 2' W. Lat 51° 32' N,
Crowland, or Croyland, t Eng. in Lincolnshire,
8 m. S. Spalding.
Crowle, t Eng. 36 ra. N. Lincoln.
Crownpoint, p-t, Essex co, N. Y, on Lake Cham
plain, 15 ra, N, Ticonderoga, 184 frora Montreal.
Lat. 44° 3' N. Lon, 73° 29' W, Pop, 1,082. The
fort in this town, caUed Crownpoint, was the most
regular and expensive which the Rritiah construc
ted in America, and is conspicuous in the history
of the American wars. It is now whoUy demol
ished, Crowsnest, mt. in the Highlands, near Hudson
river, N. Y. Height, 1,330 feet
CrowsMlk, p-v, Spartanburg co, S, C,
Cray, t. France, 5 m, N. W, Amiens,
Cray, or Crouy, isl. in the Indian ocean. Lon,
68° 34' E, Lat 48° 40' S,
Croyere, La, Islands, in the Pacific ocean, Lon.
134° 41' W, Lat 55° Sff N.
Croydon, t Eng. iu Surrey, 10 m. S. London.
Pop. 7,801.
Croydon, t Cheshire co. N. H. 18 m. N. E,
Charleston, 34 N, W, Concord, Pop, 862,
Croset, t. France, 10 m. N, W, Roanne.
Crqzon, t. France, in Finisterre, on a penmsu-
la, in the bay of Douarnenez. Pop. 8,(XX), mostiy
sailors and fishermen.
Cruces, tJPanama, on Chagre river, 5 leagues
frora Panaraa* '
Cruden, parish, Scotiand, in Aberdeenshire.
Crugerstown, p-t Frederick co. Md.
Crumin-Water, r. Ireland, falls into Lough
Neagh. Crusy, t. Fi'ance, 14 m. W. Beziers,
Cruys, Kruys-Schans, or Fort la Croix, fort,
Netherlands, on the Scheldt, about 5 m, N, N, W,
Antwerp, C«6, South and North, 2 small islands of Hud
son's bay, in James bay, Lon,80° 30' W, Lat 64° N,
Ctjio, t Portugal, 9 m, N, N, W, Beja,
Cuba, a large island in the West Indies, at the
mouth ofthe gulf of Mexico, 764 miles long. It

CUE

CUM

205

extends from 19° 48' to 23° 15' N, lat, and from
74° 2' to 849 55' W, lon, A chain of mountains
extends from E, to W, along the whole length of
the island, and divides it into two parts. The
months of July and August are rainy ; the rest of
the year is dry and hot. The soil is of great fertil
ity, and produces in abundance, ginger, long pep
per, and other spices; aloes, maize, cocoa,
&c. Tobacco grows also to great perfection ; it
is exported to Europe in leaf, snuff, and cigars,
and ia held superior to the tobacco of other parts
of America. This article ia monopolized for the
benefit of the crown. The cultivation of augar
has also been carried to a great extent ; the quan
tity exported having amounted, ou an average,
from 1801 to 1810, to 644,000 c-wt. per annura.
Coffee began to be planted in Cuba after the de-
sfruotion of the coffee plantations in St. Domin
go : and in 1803 it produced about 12,000 quin
tals, or 18 millions of pounds. Honey and wax are
also among the exports. Numerous herds of cattie
feed ou the extensive meadows, and arc hunted
chiefly for their skins, 10 or 12,000 of which are
annuaUy exported. Pop, in 1804, 432,000, of
whom ^4,000 are whites, 90,000 free blacks, and
108,000 slaves. The nuraber of slaves imported
into the island between 1789 and 1803, was
76,000, Ct^Aa, a city in the island of Cuba, -with a good
port Lon, 76° 3' W, Lat 20° I' N.
Cubagua, small isl, near the coast of Cuhiana,
formerly celebrated for beautiful pearls, L on, 63°
3ff W, Lat 10° 42'N,
Cifbbs creek, Va, rans into Staunton river, lon, '
79° W, Lat 36° 47' N,
C'ublanc, t, France, 10 ra, S, W, Brive,
Cuckfield, t, Eng, in Sussex, 46 m. S. London,
Cuckmere, r. Eng, falls into the English channel,
at Cuclcmere haven, 3 m, W, Beachy head,
C'uckoovilk, p-v, Louisa co, Va.
Cudagh, or Cuoylach Bay, on the S. W. coast of
freland, at the entrance into Kenmare river, Lat,
¦'51° 38' N,
Cuddalore, t. India, in the Carnatic, on the W,
shore of the bay of Bengal, Its poaition would
have been raore favourable than that of Madras
for the chief settlement of the British, on the coast
of Cororaandel, Lon,; 79° 6ff E, Lat 11° 4ff N,
Cuddapah, district, Hind, in Golconda, In
1800, it was ceded to the British, Cuddapah, the
capital, is the residence of the British judge, col
lector, &c, Lon, 79° E. Lat 14° 28' N.
Cudgwa, t. Hind, in Allahabad. Lou. 80° 48'
E. Lat 26° 6'N.
C'udjeree. See Kedgeree.
Cudrefin, t. Switzerland, in Fribourg, on the
lake of Neufchatel, 5 ra. S. E. Neufchatel, 21 W.
Rem.
Cuellar, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 36 ra. from Se
govia. Cuenca, city, Spain, in New Castile, capital of
the province of Cuenca, is situated on a rising
ground, between the rivers Huecar and Xucar.
75 m. E. Madrid, 100 W, N. W. Valencia. Pop.^
)5,00O. Lon. 2° 16' W. Lat 40° 6' 15" N,
Cuenca, a province of Spain, which forms the
E, part of New Castile,
Cuenca, t, S. America, and cap. ofthe province
of Cuenca, is in a valley celebrated for ita pleas
antness and fertility. 1 80 ra, S, Quito, Lon, 78°
Sff W, Lat, 2° 55' S, Pop, 14,000.
Cuemavacca, (an. Quauhnahnof,) t Mexico,
40 ra,S,S,W, Mexico,

Cuers, t, France, 1 1 m, N, N, E, Toulon, Pop.
4,900, Ci(/a, t Irak Arabi, on the Euphrates, 90 m, S,
Bagdad, Cuittbo, r, Brazil, faUs into the Paraguay, in S.
Iatl7°6ff Cuiaba, t. Brazil, in Mattogrosso, on the Cuia-
ba, 96 leaguea from its mouth. Pop, estimated at
30,000. Lon. 66° 2' W. Lat. 16° 33' S,
Cujavio, formerly a province of Poland, on the
Vistula. It now belongs partly to Russia, aud
partly to Prussia,
Cuille, t. France, 15 m, W, S, W, Laval,
Cukbras, Rio de, i . Mexico, separates Cosfci
Rica from Veragua, a/nd falls into the Spanish
main, Lon, 82° 20' W, Lat, 9° 2ff N,
Cutemburg, t. Netherlands, 27 m, S, S, E, Am
sterdam, Culhac, t, France, 10 m. E, Riom,
CuUacan, t. New Spain, in Sonora, containing
10,000 inhabit'anta, on CuUacan river, which en
ters the Gulf of California in lat, 24° 30' N, It was
forraerly capital of a province of the sarae narae,
Cullen, s-p, Scotland, in Banff, 68 m, N, W, Ab
erdeen, Pop. 1,070,
Cullera, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Valencia.
Lat. 39° 9' N.
Cullera, t. Spain, at the mouth of the Xucar^
21 ra. S. Valencia.
Culloden-Moor, heath of Scotland, Inverneas-
shire, 5 m. E, Inverness,
Cully, or Cuilli, t. Switzerland, 5 m, S, E, Lau
sanne, Culm, t. Prussia, 18 ra. N, N, W, Thorn, Lon-
18° Iff E, Lat. 53° Iff N,
Culm, t. Boheraia, 8 m, N, E, Egra,
Culmbach, t. Bavaria, 16 m. N. N. W, BayreuUi.
Pop. 3,700. Lon. 1 1° 30' E. Lat 50 °6' N.
Culna, t. Bengal, in Burdwan, on the W. bank
of the Bhagarutty river. Lon. 88° 21' E. Lat
23° 13' N.
Culna, t Bengal, in Jessore. Lon. 89° 32' E.
Lat. 22° 5ff N.
Culpee, t. Bengal, on the E. bank of the Bhaga
rutty river, 28 ra. S. Calcutta,
Culpepper, co, Va, between the Blue Ridge aud
the tide waters. At the court-house is a post-of
fice, 45 ra. frora Fredericksburg, 95 from Char-
lotteville. Pop, 18,967, Slaves, 8,312, Cliief
town, Fairfax,
Cuirass, t. Scotland, on the N. shore of the frith
of Forth, 5 m. W, Dunfermline.
Culler, I. Scotland, falls into the Clyde, 3 m. S.
W. Biggar ; another, falls into the Dee.
Cuma, oi Cumoe, a famous town of antiquity,
near Naples, and 4 ra. N. W. Pozzuolo.
Cuma, sraall isl. 5 m, W, Naples,
Cumana, a province of the Caraccas, in S, A-
merica, bounded N. and E. by the Caribbean sea,
S, by Spanish Guiana, and W, by Venezuela, Pop.
in 1804, according to Depons, 80,000.
Cumana, city, S. America, and cap, of the
province of Cumana, is near the mouth of Uie gulf
of Cariaco, about a raile from the sea, on an arid
and sandy plain. Earthquakes are very frequent
at Cumana. In 1797, more than four-fifths of the
city were entirely destroyed. The inhabitants are
occupied partly in agriculture, and partly iu nav
igation, commerce, and the fisheries, Lon. 64°
13' W. Lat 10° 37' N.
Cumanacoa, t. Caraccas, 14 leagues S, E, Ca
mana, Pop, 4,200,

206

CUM

Cumbarcem, smaU ial, in the south of India, op
posite Goa,
Cumbava, or Sumbawa, isl. in the E, India sea,
180 railes long, and from 20 to 40 broad, Lon.
116° 2ff to 119° 3ff E, Lat. 8° 5' to 9° 2' S, The
treraendous volcano of Toraboro is on this island.
Cumber, t, Ireland, 9 ra, S, E, Belfast,
Cumberland, co, Eng. bounded N, by Solway
frith, Adrian's wall, and the river Liddal, which
separate it from Scotland ; W, by the Irish sea ;
S. by Westraoreland and Lancashire ; E, by North
uraberland and Durhara, It contains 1,6 16 square
milea. Pop, in 1811, 133,744, Families, 28,390,
of which number, 10,868 were engaged in agri
culture, and 1 1 ,448 in trade and raanufactures,
Cumberland, co. New Brunswick, at the head of
the Bay of Fundy.
Cumberland, co, in the S, W part of Maine,
bounded N, by Oxford, E, by Lincoln, S, by the
-AUantic, and W, by York. Pop, 42,831. Chief
town, Portiand,
Cumberland, t. Providence co, R, I. on Pawtuck-
et river, 8 ra, N, Providence, Pop, 2,110, Itis
eii;tensively engaged in cotton manufactures. It
eontains 4 houaea of public worship, 2 for Bap
tists, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Quakers,
Cumberland, co. N. J. on Delaware bay, boun
ded N, by Gloucester co, E, by Cape May co, S,
by Delaware bay, and W, by Salem co. Pop,
12,670, Chief town, Bridgetown,
Cumberland, co. Pa, bounded N. by Mifflin, E,
by the Susquehannah, which separates it from
Dauphin, S. by York and Adams, and S. W, and
W, by Franklin, Pop. 26,757. Chief town,
Carlisle. Cumberland, t. Adams co. Pa.
Cumberland, t, Greene co. Pa. Pop, 1,591.
Cumberland valley, t. Bedford co. Pa. , Pop.
S70. Cumberlarviff-t. and cap, Alleghany co, Md. on
the Potomac, at the junction of Wills creek,
148 m, W. by N. Baltimore, 105 N. W. Washing
ton. Lat 39° 37' N. It contains a court house
and jail, a bank, and 3 churches, 1 for Lutherans,
1 for Roman Catholics, and 1 for Methodists.
Cumberland, co, Va. on the N, side of Appoma
tox river, which divides it frora Prince Edward.
The court-house, where is a post-office, is 28 ra.
from Powhattan, 52 from Richmond, Pop, 9,992,
Slaves, 6,102. Chieftown, CartersviUe.
Cumberland, t. New Kent co. Va. on the Pa-
munky, 55 ra. E. Richmond,
Cumberland, co, in Fayette district, N, C, Pop.
9,382, Slaves, 2,796, Chief town, Fayette
ville. Cumberland, co. Ken, Pop, 6,191. Slaves,
922. Chieftown, BerksviUe.
Cumberland ford, p-v. Knox co. Ken.
Cumberland gap, p-v. Clairborne co. Ten.
Cumberland head, a peninsula on the W, shore
of Lake Champlain, between which and the main
laiid is Cumberland bay.
Cumberland Bay, on the N, W, coastof America,
Lat, 66° 42' N.
Cumberland House, one ofthe Hudson-bay com
pany's factories, on Pine island Lake, Lon, 102°
6' W, Lat, 53° 58' N.
.Cumberland island, on the coast of Geo. be
tween the raouths of SatiUa and St. Mary's river.
On the S. point, there was forraerly a fort, which
commanded the entrance ofSt. i.Iary's river.
Cumberland Islands, near the N. E. coastof New
Holland, Lon, 21 1° 28' W, Lat, 20° 36' S,

CUR
Cumberland mountains, are a part of the Laurel
mountains, and extend N, E, and S, W. from Vir
ginia, along the S, E, border of Kentucky, across
Tennessee, terminating near its southern bounda
ry. The ridge is about 30 miles broad, and enlar
ges in Tennessee to the width of 50 miles. In one
place there is a ledge of rocks near the summit, 30
miles long, with a perpendicular front ^ the S. E,
of 200 feet. The "Tennessee river breaks through
this ridge at a place called the Whirl, or Suck.
Cumberland river, U. States, rises in the Cum
berland mountains, in Kentucky, and running into
Tennessee, makes a circular bend, passing again
into Kentucky, and empties intothe Ohio, 1,113 m,
below Pittsburg, 10 above the mouth of Tennes
see river. It is 600 miles long, and navigable for
boats of 15 tons, 600 miles.
Cumberland Strait, in the N. sea. Lon, 65° 30"
W, Lat 63° 35'N.
Cumbernauld, v. Scotland, in Dunbarton, 14 m,
N. E. Glasgow. Pop. 2,334.
Cumbray, Great, isl. Scotland, in the frifli of
Clyde, and separated from Little Cumbray by a
strait j of a mile broad.
Cumiana, t Piedmont, 12 m. S. W. Turin. Pop.
4,600. Cumly, small district of India, on the coast of
Malabar, situated between 12° and 13° N. lat
Cummasee, large t. W. Africa, cap. of Ashan
tee. Cummington, p-t. Hsunpshire co. Mass. 20 m. N
W. Northampton. Pop. 1,009.
Cumnock, New and Old, 2 parishes, ScoUand, in
Ayrshire. Old Cumnock is 15 ra. E, Ajt,
Cuma, t. Sweden, 24 m. S. E. Biorneborg.
Cundapour, s-p. on the coast of Malabar. Lat,
13° 40' N,
Cuneni, large r. W, Africa, falls into the AUan
tic on the coast S, of Benguela, under the name of
Bembarooghe. Cunlhat, t France, in Puy de Dome, 14 m. X.
W. Arabert
Cunnersdorf, v. Prussia, 3 ra. E. N,E, Frankfort
on the Oder.
Cunningham, district, ScoUand, in Ayidifre.
Cunningltam' s island, at the W. end of Lake
Erie, near-the entrance of Sandusky bay.
Cunningham's store, p-v. Person co. N. C.
Cunnoor, t India, 25 m. from Mysore.
Cuargne, t. Piedmont, on the Oreo, 10 m. S. W,
Ivrea. Cwpor, t. Scotland, in Fife, at the junction ofthe
Eden with tbe St Mary, 22 m. E. S. E. Perth,
Pop. 4,768,
Cupar-Angus, t. Scotiand, 12 m, N. N. E. Perth,
15 N. W, Dundee. Pop. 2,590,
Cupertino, t. Naples, in Ofranto, 8 m.,N, E,
Nardo. Cupka, bay, or s-p. on the W. coast of Grenada,
N, of Cape Corrientes, and S. of St Miguel,.
Curacoa, isl, iu the Caribbean sea, 75 m. from
the coast of Caraccas, 30 railes long and 10 broad.
It produces sugar and tobacco, but its soil is not .
fertile, and it is dependent on the I'ains for asupply
of water. It belongs to the Dutch, It was cap
tured by the British in 1806, but restored in 1814,
In 1810 its exports araounted in value to 263,996 /.
and its imports to 236,181, Lon, 69° 2' W, Lat,
12" 6' N. The city of Curracoa has a good port,
fortified by a castie,
CWnomo, Punta de, cape on the coast of Chili.
Lat 33° 8' S,
Curasay, r. Quito, falls into the Napo,

C U s

C U z

207

.Curemonde, t, France, 13m, S, E, Brive,
Curen, s-p, Barca, in Africa, on the site of the
ancient Cyrene. Lon. 21° 20' E,
Curgie, s-p. Scotiand, in Wigtonshire,
Curial. See Mangalore.
Curicfi, or St. Joseph of Bueno Vista, t. Chili,
"Xat 34° 14' S,
Curisches Haff, or the Gulf af Courland, an arm
of the sea in East Prussia, which extends from
Mulzen to Memel, where it communicates -with
the Baltic, Its length is about 70 milea.
Curlew Mountains, Ireland, between loughs Ga-
ra and Arrow.
Carraghoe Mountains, Ireland, 15 ra, S, W,
Sfrabane. Currah, disfrict. Hind, in Allahabad, Currah,
the capital, is on the Ganges, Lon, 81° 24' E,
Lat. 25° 44' N.
Cu-rrant, r. -Arkansaw Territory, runs into
White River from the west, and ia navigable 100
miles. Currie, v. Scotland, 6 m. S. W. Edinburgh.
Currituck, co. on the coast of Edenton district,
N. C. bounded N. by Virginia, E. by Currituck
Sound, S. by Albemarle Sound, and W, by Cam
den CO, Pop, 6,985, Slaves, 1,631. Dismal
Swamp is in this county, Currituck Sound com
municates with Albemarle Sound, and also by sev
eral inlets with the AUantic,
Cumanboss, t. Hind, on the Ganges, Lon, 78°
14'E. Lat28°2ff N,
Curryrury, a frontier district of Bengal, on the
E. side of the Brahmapootra,
Curtatone, t. Lombardy, 4 ra, W, Mantua,
Curuan, or Quariona, smaU islands near the'
coast of Brazil. LatO°50'N.
Curvens, p-v, Lawrence co, Arkansaw Territory.
Curupi, r. S. America, falls into the Orinoco.
Curuputuba, r. Brazil, falls into the Amazon on
the N, in lat. 1° 52' S.
Curzola, (an. Corcyro Nitra,) isl, iu the Adriat
ic, separated by a narrow strait frora the penin
sula of Sabioncello in Dalmatia, Curzola, the
capital, is in lon, 17° 6' E, lat, 43° 12' N.
Cursolari, (an. Echince, or Echinades Insula,) 5
small islands near the coast of Greece and the
gulf of Lepanto, 12 m, E. Cefalonia.
Cusawago creek, r. Pa. joins French creek at
Meadville. Cusco. See Cuzco.
Cush, or Ethiopia, in Sac. Geog. coraprisea the
south part of Arabia, and a large country of Africa
south of Egypt.
Cusheeny, r. Ireland, runs into the Little Bar
row, 7 ra. E. N, E, Portarlington.
Cushenden Bay, hay on the E, coast of Ireland,
Lat 55° 7' N.
Gushing, t. Lincoln co, Maine, 33 m, E, Wis
casset Pop. 632,
Cusset, t, France, on the Allier, 12 m. E. Gan
nat. Custee, t. Bengal, 45 ra, S, E, Moorshedabad,
Custine, or Conde sur Moselle, v, France, 16 m,
N.N, W.Nancy.
Custrin, fortified t Prussian States, in the New
Mark of Brandenburg, -at the confluence of the
Wartha and the Oder. 48 m. E. BerUn, Pop.
4,500. Lon. 14° 48' E. Lat 62° 38' N.
Cusu Leuvu, large river, Patagonia, falls into
the Atlantic, in lat. 41° S. It is known under
the names, -Rio Negro, the Desaguero, and Leuvu
Camo, or Black river.

Cutanteguet, r. Ontario oo, N, Y. rises abouf20
m, S, lake Ontario, and runs into Cutanteguet bay,
9 m. fr. lake Ontario,
Cutch, disfrict. Hind, between 23° and 24° N,
lat and 69° and71° E,lon, bounded N.by Ajmere,
E. by Gujerat, S, by the sea, and W, by Sind, It
is possessed by various independent chiefs,
Cutchogue, p-v, Suffolk co. N. Y.
Cutchwara, district. Hind, in Malwah, situated
about 25° N, lat. and between 76° and 78° E. lon,
Cutlymara, t. Bengal, on the Ganges, 18 ra, E.
N, E. Moorshedabad, ,
Cuttack, district, Hind, in Orissa, between 20°
and 22° N, lat, bounded N, by Bengal, W, by a
range of mountains, and E. by the sea. It is 140
miles long, by 60 broad. Pop. 1,200,000, Intliis
district is the celebrated temple of Juggernaut,
which is annually visited by some hundreds of
thousands of Hindoo pilgrims, Cuttack was ce
ded to the British in 1803, and is now managed by
a civU estabUshment of a judge, collector, &c.
Cuttack, city. Hind. cap. of Cuttack district,
stands on an island, formed by. the Mahanuddy
river, Lon, 86° Iff E, Lat 20° 31' N,
Cutterah, t. Hind, in Bareily, Lon, 79° 37' E,
Lat 28° 3' N.
Cutwa, t Bengal, onthe W. bank of the Hoog
ly, 75 ra. N. Calcutta, It ia a station of the Eng-
liah Baptists, and the cenfre of a large circle of
itinerant labors, carried on by native preachers,
under the direction of an European iWissionai'y,
Schools have been established, in which nearly
1000 children are instructed,
Cuves, t, France, 10 m. N. E, Avranches,
Cuvio, t Lombardy, 15 m, N, W. Como,
Cuxac, t France, 6 ra, N, E, Narbonne ; an
other, 9 m. fr, Carcassonne,
Cuxhaven, s-p, Germany, on the left bank of
the Elbe, at its mouth. The harbor is large and
commodious, and having lately been improved at
a great expense, ia one of the safest on the coast,
and is resorted to in all cases of danger, 60 m.
N, W, Hamburgh, The light-bouse is in lon, 8°
43'1"E, Lat 63° 52' 21" N,
Cuyahoga, i. Ohio, runs into lake Erie, after a
course of 60 miles. It is navigable a considera
ble distance. There is only a short portage be
tween this river, and the brandies of the Muskin
gum, Cuyahoga, co, Ohio, on lake Erie, at the mouth
of Cuyahoga river. Pop, in 1815, 2,500, Chief
town, Cleveland,
Cuyo, province, S, America, on the E. side of
the Andes, formerly included in Chili, but now
annexed to Buenos .Ayres.
Cuzco, city, Peru, and the ancient capital of
the Peruvian empire. It was founded in 1043, by
Manca Capac, the first Inca of Peru. The gran
deur and magnificence of the edifices, of the for
tress, and of the teraple of the sun, sfruok the
Spaniards with astonishment in 1534, when the
city was taken by Pizarro. The city preserves
many monuments of its ancient grandeur, and
among others, the great fortress built for its de
fence, which, although injured by time, bears tes
timony to the power of the Incas, and excites as
tonishment in the mind of every beholder. Cuzco
is at present a large city. The houses are almost
aU of stone, and of fine proportion. There is- au
elegant cathedral, and 9 churches. Pop. 20,000-
550 ra. E. S. E, Lima, Lon, 71° 4' W, Lat, 13'^'
42' P,

208

D A C

Cusumel, isl, near the coast of Yucatan, in the
bay of Honduras, Lat, 19° N,
Cyclades, the narae given by the ancients to a
group of islands in the Archipelago, Andros is
the most northerly, and Santorin the most south
erly ; the others of note are Naxos, Paros, Peri-
pho, ^ilo, Zea, Tino, and Starapalia, See Ar
chipelago. C'ynthiona. See Cinthiania.
Cypress-bridge, p-v, Chathara co, N, C,
Cyprus, isl, near the coast of Asia Minor, 140
miles long, and 76 broad. It was much celebrated
in ancient times, for its ample population, its
smiling aspect, and, above all, as the abode of
gaiety and pleasure. It is nearly traversed from
E. to W, by two lofty chains of mountains. South
of the raountains are level tracts, which are ex
posed, without shelter, to burning blasts frora the
deserts of Africa and Arabia,
The com of Cyprus is of excellent quality ;
but wine is the staple product of the island. Its
grapes are perhaps, the richest and raost luscious
in the world. Other products are apricots,
cheese, wool, cotton, silk, and salt, Cyprus is
noted for manufactures of leather, carpets, and
printed cottons, — Two-thirds of the inhabitants
are Christian, but are cruelly oppressed by their
Turkish masters. The governor resides at Nico-
tia : his appointment is annual, and obtained by
purchase ; so that the object of every successive
ruler is to extort the utmost possible amount of
revenue, -without any regard to what may after
wards become of the island. Under this horrid
«y."tem, Cyprus, from being one of the raost fertile

DAG
and beautiful spots in the world, has been con
verted alraost into a desert Pop. 60,000.
Cyrene, in Sac. Geog, a celebrated city of Af
rica, and the metropoUs of Libya Superior, which
was caUed frora it Cyrencan Libya. See Libya.
There are other cities of this name, mentioned ia
the Bible: one, in Media; another, in Palestine,
which was the birth place of Simon who carried
the cross of Jesus.
Csamihow, t. Prussian Poland, 26 m. N. Posen-
Czarnowo, v. Poland, on the Narew.
Czartorysk, t. Russia, 42 m, E, S. E, Prague.
Czaslau, t. Boheraia, cap. of a circle on the
Crudimka. Czenstochowa, New, t Russian Poland, 50 m.
N. N. W. Cracow.
Czernahora, t. Moravia, 14 m. N. Brann.
Czernigov, or TTscfeernigOT', a government of Eu.
Russia, between those of Mohilev, Smolensko,
Orel, Kursk, Pultava, Kiev, and Minsk. Pop.
741,850, — Czernigov, the capital, is on the Des
na, 76 m. N, Kiev, 344 S. W. Moscow, Lon. 32°
13' E, Lat 51° 2ff N. Pop. 5,000,
Csernitz, t. Walachia, near the Danube, 44 m,
E. Belgrade,
Csemavicz, or Tsehemowitz, t Austrian empire,
in Galicia, on the Pruth, 140 m. S. E. Lemberg,
95 N, W, Jassy. Lon, 26° 33' E, Lat 48° 25'
40" N, Pop. 6,400,
Csersk, t Poland, on the Vistula, 26 m, S, E,
Warsaw, ¦ Czongrad, t Hungary, at the conflux of flie
Korosch and the Theyss, Lon. 20° ff E, Lat
46° 43' 12" N,

D.

Dabcl, t on the W, coast of Hind, 80 m, S,
Bombay, Lat 17° 46' N,
Dacca Jelalpore, district, Bengal, between 23°
and 24° N. lat It is 180 ra. long, and 60 broad,
and is intersected by the Ganges and Brahmapoo
tra, which, with their various branches, form a
complete inland navigation. It is esteeraed the
richest district in Bengal. Its principal produce
ia rice. Next to this are betel nut, tobacco, and
cotton. Dacca is the capital,
Dacca, city. Hind. cap. of Dacca district, and
for 80 years the capital of Bengal, is on the N.
bank of the Old Ganges, 100 m. from the aea, a
poaition extremely favourable for trade, as the
river coraraunicates with all the other inland
navigationa. Here are manufactured those beau
tiful musUns, which are exported to every part of
the world. It is the residence of an EngUsh j udge
and collector, and the station of a battalion of na
tive infantry. The English Baptists support a
missionary here, and schools, in which raore than
600 children are instructed, 180 ra. N, E, Cal
cutta, Lon. 90° 17' E. Lat, 23° 42' N,
Dacheet, r. Louisiana, runs into Red river, at
lake Bistineau,
Dachsbttck, t. Bavaria, 22 m, S, Bamberg,
Dachsland, v, Baden, on the Rhine, 11 ra, N, E.
Rastadt. Darhstein. t, Fra-nce, 8 m, W, Strasburg,

Dacino, r. Quito, which enters the Coca, in lat
3ffS, Dadacordim, t. A. Turkey, 60 ra. S, Diar
bekir, Dadi, t, Greece, near Parnassus, 50 m. N, Cas
tri, 75 S, Larissa. Pop, 9,000.
Dadiraih, a plain of Persia, between Schiraz
and Lar, about 15 miles in circumference, where
the European raerchants of Ormus retreat during
the heats of summer,
Dadiseele, t Netherlands, 13 m. E, by S, Ypres,
Daffer, amall isl, off the coast of S, Africa, Lon,
18'° E, Lat, 33° 2ff S,
Dogelet's Island, in the aea of Japan. Loii.l31°
22' E, Lat, 37° 25' N,
Dagenham, v. Eng. on the Thames, 9 m, E.
London, Dageou, sraaU counfry of Cenfral Africa, be
tween Darfur and Bergoo,
Dttgerart, v. Russia, on Uie island of Dagoe,
Daghestan, country, Asia, on the W, coast of
the Caspian sea, between 41° and 43° N, lat-i
about 134 mUea long, by 30 or 40 broad. The
principal towns are Tarki aud Derbend, It if
subject to the Russians,
Dagjour. See Dashour.
Dogma, or Dagomar, t. Arabia, near the sea
coast, 20 m, fr. Kalhat Lat. 23° 21' N.
Dagno Trertiidava, t. Eu. "Turkey, in Albania,

DAL

DAM

209

at tjie junction of the White and Black Drino,
25 m. S. E. Scutari. Lon. 14° 58' E. Lat 42°

Dagoe, or Dagen, isl. in the Baltic, at the en
trance of the gulf of Finland, with a light-house
^t Dagerort, in lon. 21° 39' 16" E. lat 58° 66' N.
. Dagaue, t Egypt, on the Damietta branch of
the Nile, 12 m. N. Cairo.
, Dagsborough, p-t. and hundred, Sussex co. Del.
on Peipers creek, a branch of Indian river, 19 m.
fr. Broadkill, 127 fr. Philadelphia.
Dahalac, isl. in the Red sqa, off the coast of
Abyssinia,, nearly opposite to Massuah.
Dahay Point, the N. E. extremity ofthe island
of Panay. Lon. 121° 55' E. Lat 12° 4' N.
Dalihi, V. Arabia, in Yemen, 46 m. S. E. Lo
heia. Dahme, t Prussian states, on the river Dahrae,
40 ,m. S. BerUn,
- Dahomey, a kingdom in the interior of W, Af
rica, behind the Slave coast The country is
very little known to Europeans. The parts which
have heen -visited, are very beautiful and fertile.
The soU is a deep rich clay, yielding maize, mil
let, and Guinea corn in abundance, The.inhabi-
tants are a warlike and ferocious race. Their
institutions and political syatem are of a very
extraordinary character. Their women are frain-
ed to arma. All the feraales of the nation are
considered as belonging to the king, and a distri
bution of wives takes place once a year, at a grand
f^^tival. The govemment is the raost absolute
despotism ; yet founded not on force or terror, but
on a bUnd and idolatrous veneration for the per
son of the sovereign.
D'AUleboutf seigniory, Warwick co. Lower
Canada. Doina, y. Syria, 23 ra. fr. Antioch.
Dair el Kamar, or the Ho-use of the Moon, t
Syria, 18 m. N. E. Saide.
Dai, r. Sweden, falls into the gulf of Bothnia.
Dalai. See Coulan.
Dale, I. Ireland, runs into the Foyle, below
Lifforf : litde, V. Cyprus, on the site of the ancieut Ida-
Hum, 12 ra. S. Nicosia.
.Dalecarlia, province, Sweden, bounded W. by
tile mountains of Norway, N. by Herjedal, E. by
Helsingland, S. by Westmannland. Since the re
cent division of the Swedish dominions, it is
known by the name oi Stora-Kopporberg, or the
government of Fahlun, and,. contains 1300 square
miles, and 124,806 inhabitants. The chief wealth
of Dalecarlia Ues in its mines, particularly thoae
01 copper, the cliief of which are at Fahlun and
Afvestad. Dalen, t. Prussian states, 12 m. S. E. Ruremond.
Lon.,6?12'E. Lat51?6'N,
Dalen, t. Saxony, 27 ra, E, Leipsic,
palmburg, t Hanover, 16 ra, E, S, E, ZeU,
Dalkeith, t. Scotland, 6 m, S, E. Edinburgh;
Pop, 4,709.. - ,
DaUa, isl. and district, in the Delta of the Irra-
-wuddy river.
JfaMm, CO, Alabama, on both sides of Alabaraa
.river, at the junction of the Cahawba,
Dalmachery, t, India, in Mysore, Lon, 79° 5'
E, Lat 13° 43' N, , . -
Dalmatia, a country, in the S, of Europe, ex
tending along the E. side of the Adriatic, between
^° and 44° 30' N, lat ; and bounded N, by Croa
tia, and E. by 'Turkey. It is partly continental
and parUy .iMp},<ir. Tlje continental portion is
27

divided into the circles of Zara, Spalatro, and
Macarsca. The principal islands are Brazza, Le-
aina, Corzola, and Melada. Zara is the seat of
government ; the other towns of note are Spalatro,
Sebenico, Knin, Trau, Narenta, and Almissa.
The whole cootains about 6,700 sq. mUes, with
343,000 inhabitants. It abounds with excellent
harbors, but very littie use has hitherto been
made of them, "The forests on the mountains are
of great extent. The Shief products of Dalraa
tia are maize, wheat, grapes, and olives. The
inhabitants of the maritirae towns are chiefly
Catholics, and reserable the Italians in language
and manners; but the inhabitants of the upper
country are Morlachiana, and have all the indor
lence of a half civilized nation. This country
now belongs to Austria,
Dalmatia, p-v, Northuraberland co. Pa.
Dolmanutha, in Sac. Geog. town or vUlage, on
the south side of the aea of Gennesareth, and be
yond Jordan. It was near Magdala, and seems
to have belonged to it.
Dalrympk port, one of the 4 principal ports in
the island of Van Diemen's land. It is on the N.
coast, at the mouth ofthe Tamar, which falls into
Bass's straits. There is a British settlement here,
which contained, in 1818, 753 inhabitants, of
whom 336 were convicts. The port is a rendez-
voua for the seal fishery in Bass's straits,
Dolrymple's Point, cape, in the island of Dom
inica, 2 m, S. Charlotte's 'Town,
Dalton, t. Eng, 38 m, N, Lancaster,
Dalton, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 4 ni, fr, Hudders
field, Dalton, p-t, Coos co. N. H. on Connecticut riv
er, at the 15 mile faUs, 8 ra. S. Lancaster. Pop.
235. Dalton, p-t. Berkshire co. Mass, 12 ra. N, N, E.
Lenox, 130 W, Boston, Pop, 779,
I Dam, or Neuerulam, t. New Mark of Branden
burg, 20 ra, S, E, Konigsberg,
Damac, t and fort, Java, 16 ra. fr, Saraarang,
Domalo, V, on the east coast of the Morea, near
the site ofthe ancient Traesaie, 40 ra, S, E, Napoli
diRoraagna, Damala, Cape. See Stdllo, Cape.
Damanhur, t. Lower Egypt, on a oanal, be
tween the Nile and lake Mareotis, 34 ra, E, S, E.
Alexandria, Damor, t. Arabia, in Yemen,-- 56 m. N. Sana,,
94 N. E. Mocha. Lon. 44° 12' E. Lat 14°
32' N.
Domarart, isl. in the Eastern sea. Lon. 119°
5ffE. Lat 10° 5'N.
Domarisemta, r. Lincoln co, Maine, riaes in a
large pond, aud flows into the sea, between the
towns of Boothbay and Bristol, It is navigable 16
miles, and conununicates, at its mouf£, with
Townsend harbor or Booth bay.
Damascus, a pachalic or govemraent of Asiatic
Turkey, comprehending nearly the whole eastern
part of Syria. The soil and productions are ex
tremely diversified. The banks of the river
Orontes, and the plains of the Hauran, are the
most fertile portions. All the mountains are ap
propriated to olive, mulberry, and other fruit,
treea. From the vinea, wine is made by the
Greeks, and raisins by the , Mahometans. The
population consists of Mahometans, Christians,
Jews, and wandering tribes from the deserta. It
carries on various manufactures, and a considera
ble trade.
Damascus, a city of Sjria, the eapita-l of a.pa-

210

DAM

DAN

chalic of the same name, ' situated in a fertile
plain, amidst extensive gardens, forming a circuit
of between 26 and 30 raUes., The Araba speak of
it with enthusiasm, and think they can never suffi
ciently extol the freshneaa and verdure of its or
chards, and the abtmdanee and variety of its
fruits. No city contains so raany canals and foun
tains ; each house has one, and aU these waters
are furnished by three rivulfets,or branches ofthe
river Barrady, which, after fertilizing the gar
dens for a course of three leagues, flows into a
hollow of the deaert to the S. E. and forraa a raor-
ass called " Bchairat-el-Merdi," or the lake of
the Meadow. The city is said to contain 2,000
mosques, and 200,000 inhabitants, of whom 20,000
are CathoUca, 5,000 Schismatics, 5,000 Jews, and
the rest Mahometans. Thia city is the seat of ex
tensive trade and manufactures. It was formerly
' celebrated for the manufacture of sabres of such
peculiar quality, as to be perfectly elastic ; they_
never broke, and iron woUld yield under their
edge. The manufacturera of arms are still nu
merous. There are also extensive manufactures
in silk and cotton stuffs. Comraerce is carried on
Chiefly by caravans, of which the principal is that
to Mecca. Three caravans, each accompanied
_ by above 2,500 armed men, go thrice a year to
^Bagdad, the journey occupying 30 days ; those to
Aleppo travel twice or thrice a month ; besides
which, there are many to different parts of Syria,
Damascus being the rendezvous of a multitude of
pilgrims from aU quarters, so as to resemble an
immense fair. Provisions of all kinds are abun
dant 136 m, N. Jerusalem, 195 S. Antioch, 276
9, S. W. Diarbekir. Lon, 36° 3ff E- Lat 33°
Sff N,
, Damascus, t. Wayne Co. Pa, oh Delaware river,
18 ra, N. W. Bethany, • Pop, 391.
.Damascus, p-v, Montgomery co. Md.
Damaun, s-p, on the W, coast of India, in Au
rungabad. Lon, 73° 1' E. Lat 20° 22' N,
Damaxen, t. France, 17 m, S, by E, Mar
mande, Dombach, t, Franoe, 18 m, S, S, W, Strasburg,
Dambach. See Tambach.
Domery, t. France, 4 m, W, Epernay,
Domgari, t Persia, in IJhorassan. Lon, 53° 36'
E, Lat35°5ffN.
Damgarteri, t, Pomerania, 22 ra. S, W, Stral
sund. Damicotta, t. Hind. 30 m. N, Coirabetoor,
Damietta, city. Lower Egypt, on theE, branch
of the Nile, 6 miles frora the sea. It is on a nar
row neck of land, from 2 to 6 miles broad, be
tween the Nile and lake Menzaleh, The houses
are built in a crescent along the bank ofthe river.
The walls, formerly so strong, are now in ruins,
Ithas no harbor, and vessels are obliged to lie in
the road at the raouth of the river, where they
are exposed to all winds. The comraerce of Da-
mietta'isj notwithstanding, very considerable, es
pecially 'with Syria, Cyprus, and other parts of
the Turkish empire. It exports hides, tallow,
rice, and occasionally corn ; and imports tobacco,
wood, soap, cotton, oil, and raw silk. The coun
try round Damietta is perhaps the raost fertile in
Egypt, This city is threatened by a serious dan
ger frora the gradual encroachments of lake Met*.
zaleh towards the river, by which the space be
tween those two waters is gradually diminished.
Another apprehension is, that tliis branch of the
Nile, which U armimlly berominj shprllower, -vvill

cease in a few years to be navigable for boats of
large burden. Pop, 30,000 -or 40,000, Lon. 31°
49' 45" E, Lat 31° 26' N, '- '~
Damm, Alt, fortified t Farther Pomerania, 7
m, E. S, E. Stettin, 11 N, W, Stargard.
Dammartin, t France, 25 m. N, E. Paris,
Damme, fortified t Netherlands, 3 m, N, N, E,
Bruges. Damme, isl. in the Eastern aea. Lon. 128° 36'
E. Lat 7° 2ff S,
Dammische See, a large, navigable lake of the
Pruasian States, in Farther Pomerania, which is
properly an expansion of the Oder. It receives
likewise the waters of the lana and the Ptone; is
about 9 mUes long, and from 24 to 3 broad.
Damour, (an. Tanagrus,) r. Syria, runs into
the Mediterranean, between Saide and Bafrout
Dompier's Bay, or Shark's Bay, a spacious bay
on the W. coast of New Holland, penefrating 150
miles into the land.
Dumpier' s Strait, channel from the Eastern In
dian aea to the Pacific ocean, between the ialands
of Waygiou and Battanta.
Dan, in Sac. Geog. a city of Palestine, ou its
extreme northern border, near the source of the
Jordan, at the foot of mount Libanus. At first, it
was called Laish, and then Dan, from the Danites
who took possession of it; afterwards it -was en
larged and ornamented by PhiUp, and caUed Cffi-
sareo Philippi.
Dan, r. rises on the borders of N, Carolina and
Virginia, and flowing through a fertUe countiy,
unites with Staunton river, to form the Roanoke,
It is navigable to DanviUe, where there are falls
of 22 or 23 feet perpendicular ; but by the im
provements which are contemplated, its nariga-
tion wiU be extended 100 nules from its mouth.
Dana, t Worcester co. Mass. 32 m. N. W. Wor
cester, 70 m, W, Boston, Pop, 625,
Danbury, t Grafton co, N. H. 25 m. N. W.
Concord. Pop. 345.
Danbury, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct 33 m. W. N. W.
New Haven, 54 S, W. Hartford, Pop. 3,606. The
courts ofthe county are held alternately here and
at Fairfield. The viUage contains a court-house,
an academy, and 2 churches. Manufactures are
carried on here, particularly of hats. In 1777,
the town, with a large quantity of miUtary stores,
was burnt by the British.-
Danbury, t. Huron co. Ohio, comprises the pe
ninsula between Portage river and Sandusky bay.
It is about 20 miles long, and 2 or 3 wide, and ter
minates in Point- Prospect. A custom-house is
kept at Bull island, on the southern shore of the
peninsula, near the point
Danby, v. Eng. in Yorkshfre, 7 m. fr. Whitby.
Donby, p-t. Rutiand co. Vt 32 m. W. Windaor.
Pop. 1,730.
Danby, p-t Tioga co. N. Y. 8 ra, N. Spencer.
Dancali, an extensive territory of E, Africa,
between Abjrasinia and the Red sea, the coast of
which it occupies from the bay of Azab to Annea-
ley bay,
Dancey's store, p-v. Northampton co. N. C,
Dandridge, p-t, and cap. Jefferson co. Ten. on
French Broad river, 33 m. E, KnoxviUe,
Dane, c. Eng, falls into the Wever, at NorUi-
wich. Dane's Island, near Uie N, W, coast of Spitz
bergen, Lon, 9° 16' E. Lat 79° 43' N.
Danewick. See Sleswick,
Dangata. See Dongola.

DAN

DAR

211

Dangeau, t. Prance, 9 m, N, N. E, Chateaudun,
Danger Islands, in the Pacific ocean, seen by
Commodore Biron in June 1765, ,
Dangilm. See Chapelle d'AngiUon.
Danholm, small isl, of the Prussian States, be
tween Stralsund and the isle of Rugen.
Danielsville, p-v. Spotsylvania co, Va.
Danielsville, p-t, and cap. Madison co, Geo, 90
m, from Milledgeville.
Dannemora, the moat celebrated iron mine in
Sweden, 30 m, N. Upsal, 60 N. N, W. Stockholra,
Damienbetg, t. Hanove^, on the Jetzel, 36 m.
E: S. Ek Luneburg.
-D«rf»ioie)ite,-t iVIoravia, 25 m. S. Brunn,
Dantzic, an opulent commercial city of West
• Pruasia, on the left bank of the Vistula, 5 m, from
its mouth. It is surrounded with ramparts, and
has the power of laying the country on one side
under water. The harbour is formed by the
mouth of the Vistula ; and the cargoes of vessels
drawing mofe than eight feet water are conveyed
to the city in barks. What is properly called the
gulf of Dantzic, consistsof an arm of the sea, shel
tered from the north -winds by the tongue of land
on which stands the smaU town of Hela, The
chief branch of trade at Dantzic, consists in
corn from Prussia and Poland, The principal ex
ports are potash, hemp, flax, linen, timber, and
amber. "The shipping that frequent the port, be
longs principaUy to the British, Dutch, Danes, and
Swedes. Among the public buildings are the cathe
dral, the town-house, the arsenal, and 21 church
es, 12 belonging to Lutherans, 7 to Catholics, and
2 to Calvinists. Pop. 44,500. 68 m, W, S, W.
Konigsberg, 236 N, E, Berlin, Lon, 18° 38' 32"
E:Lat 64°2ff48"N.
Danube, a great river of Europe, which rises in
the grand duchy of Baden, near the S. W, corner
of Germany,andrunning east through Wirteraberg,
Bavaria, and Ausfria, enters Hungary, where it
turns to the south, and then to the southeast, till
entering Turkey it resumes its easterly course,
and discharges itself into the Black sea by five
mouths, between 44° 30' and 45° 3ff of N, lat.
The length of its course is about 1,800 miles. Its
principal branches from the north, are the Pruth,
the Sereth, the Tisza, and the Morava ; from the
south, the Save, the Drave, the Inn and the Iser,
The principal towns on ita banka are Ulm, Ihgol-
stadtj Passau, Lintz, Vienna, Presburg, Pest,, Bu-
.da, Belgrade and IzmaiL It becomes navigable at
Ulm, Danube, CircU ofthe Upper, one of the divisions
of the kingdom of Bavaria, It contains ,4,350
square miles, with 470,000 inhabitauts, mostiy
Catholics, "The capital is Eichstadt,
Danube, Circle of the Lower, one ofthe circles
of Ba-varia, It contains 4,335 square milea, and
396,160 inhabitanta, mostly Catholics, Passau is
the capital.
Danube, Circle ofthe, one ofthe divisions ofthe
grand duchy of Baden. It containa 72,735 inhab
itants. The capital ia ViUingen,
Danube, District of, one of the four great divis
ions of the kingdom of Wirtemberg,
Danube, p-v,- in Herkimer co, N, Y,
Danvers, p-t, Essex co. Mass, adjoining Salem,
15 m, N. E, Boston, Pop, 3,127, It contains 2
meeting-houses for Congregationalists and 1 for
Baptists, The most considerable and compact
settlement is a continuation of the principal street
of Salera, Large quantities of bricks, earthen
ware, and leather are manufactured here. In the

village of New Mills, at the head of Beverly riv
er, there is a large iron manufactory, and the bu
siness of ship-building is carried on.
Danville, p-t, and cap. Caledonia co, Vt, 25 Ub
N, E, MontpeUer, Pop, 2,240,
Danville, p-t Steuben co, N, Y, 35 m, N, W.
Bath, Pop, 666,
DanviUe, p-t, and cap, Columbia co. Pa, on the
.Suaquehannah, at the mouth of Mahoning creek,
12 ra, above Northuraberland,
DanviUe, p-t, Pittsylvania co, Va, on Dan river,
near the southern boundary ofthe State, 150 m. S.
W, Richmond, Lon, 79° 26' W. Lat 36° 34' N.
It is pleasantly situated at the falls of Dan river,
130 miles above the great faUs of the Roanoke, A
canal is now in progress, around the falls of the
Roanoke, which will open a direct water comrau
nication for batteaux frora Danville to Norfolk ;
and another canal is corapleted around the falls of
the Dan, which, with the removal of a few other
obsfructions, will continue the navigation for some
distance above the town. , These iraproveraents,
together with the advantages which the falls afford
for raills and raaiiufacturing establiahraents, have
made Danville a place of considerable conse
quence, and it bids fair to become the great upland
depot, for an extensive and fertile country,- em
bracing the adjacent districts of N, Carolina and
Virginia, and part of Tennessee,
Danville, p-t, and cap, Mercer co. Ken, on the
S, W, side of Dick's river, 40 m, S, by W. Frank
fort, 33 S, S, W. Lexington,. Lat, 37° 3ff N, U
has about 200 houses, a court-house and jail, and a
church. Several mills and factories are erected
here. It is in the vicinity of the most fertile and
populous part of Kentucky, A charter for a
college at thia place has been granted by the Le
gislature, but the institution has not yet gone into
operation, DanviUe, t Knox co, Ohio, 13 ra. N, E, Mount-
vernon, Dao, isl, in th^ Eastern aea, near Timor,
Daoudnagur, t Hind, in Bahar- Lon, 84° 27'
E.Lat 26° 6'N,
Daoudpare, t. Bengal, 6 ra, N, Plasaey, ,
Dar, y. A, Turkey, 30 ra, from Basaorah-
Darabjirb, t. Persia, in Kerman, 160 nj, N, E,
Schiras, Lon. 54° 15' E. Lat, 29° N,
iDarafe,, country, N, Africa, watered by Darah
river. It is bounded N. and W. by the Great At-
I lasj which divides it from Morocco, -E, by Tafilet,
and. S, by the great desert,
Daramajore, t. Java, 30 m, E. Batavia,
Doronagur, t Hind, in Delhi, on the Ganges,
Lon, 78° f E, Lat 29' 16' N,
Daraporam, t Hind, in Coimbetoor, 132 m. S.
E. Seringapatam. Lon. 77° 40' E. Lat 10° 46' N.
Dnrby, Lower, p-t. Delaware co. Pa- on Darby
creek, which runs into the Delaware, 7 m. S. W,
by W, Philadelphia, Pop. 1,085.
Darby, Upper, t Delaware co. Pa. adjoining
, Darby, Lower, Pop. 966.
Darby, t. Madison co. Ohio, N, E, London.
, Dar^, t. Pickaway co, Ohio, 14 ra. N. W. Cir
cleviUe. Darby, cape on the W, coast of N. America,
Lon. 163° W. Lat 64° 21' N.
Darby's creek, Ohio, joins the Scioto, opposite
CircleviUe.
;. Dardanelles, two old castles, one on each side of
, the Hellespont, (sometimes called the strait ofthe
Dardanelles,) between the sea of Marmora and the
Grecian archipelago. There are, on each side, 14

212

DAR

great guns, adapted to discharge granite baUs ;
tiiey are of brass, with chambers, like mortars, 22
feet long, and frora 25 to 28 inches diameter in the
bore. There are 2 other castles at the entrance
of the strait, 10 raUesto theS. W. called theNew
Dardanelles. Dardanelles, a place in the to^vnship of Cadron,
Arkansaw Territory, -where the Agent of the
Cherokee Indians resides.
Dardenne, p-t. St. Charles co, Missouri.
Dardessen, t Prussian States, 18 ra. S. E. Bruns
wick. Darempoory, t Hind. 103 m. S. E. Seringapa
tam. Darent, r. Eng. which runs into the Thames, 3
m. N. Dartford.
Darfur, or Darfoor, a kingdom of Central Afri
ca, bounded on the E. by Kordofan, and the coun
try ofthe Sliilluks, which separate it from Sennaar
and Abyaainia ; on the W. by Bergoo, which di
vides it from Begherme and Bornou ; on the S, by
unknown regions. The government is despotic.
The reUgion is Mahomcdanism. The principal
coramerce is with Egypt, and is carried on en
tirely by caravans. The exports are slaves,
camels, ivory, the horns, teeth, and hide of the
rhinoceros aud hippopotamus ; ostrich feathers,
gum, and pimento. 'The imports are glass, arms,
light cloths, red Barbary caps, small carpets, silks,
shoes, and writing paper. Fop. estimated at
20f),000. Dargel, r. Ireland, which runs into St George's
channel, 9 m. S. S. E, Dublin.
Darghesin, t Persia, in thelrak, 25 m. N, N. E.
Hamadan. Darien, a province of New Grenada, bounded
N. W. by Panama, N. E. by the gulf of Darien, E.
by Carthagena, S. by Choco, and W. by the Pa
cific. Darien, Isthmus of, that narrow neck of land
composed ofthe provinces of Darien and Panama,
to which may be added Veragua, by which North
and South America are joined together. It-lies in
the form ofa crescent, about the^great bay of Pa
nama, in the gouth sea, and is 300 miles in length,
but is only 37 miles broad from Porto Bello to Pa
nama. , The country ia made up of low aiokly val
lies and lofty mountains.
Darien, a great gulf on the coast of the prov
ince of Darien. Its extent is 26 leagues from
S. to N. and 9 from E. to W,
Darien, t. Fairfield co, Ct, on Long Island
Sound, formerly the S, E, part of Stamford,
Darien, p-t, and s-p, Macintosh co, Geo, on the
north and principal channel ofthe Alatamaha, 12
miles from the bar, 192 below Milledgeville on the
Oconee, 62 S, S, W, Savannah, 70 N, N, E, St
Mary's, Lon, 81° 37' W, Lat, 31° 23' N, The
town stands on a high sandy bluff, and contains a
Presbyterian church, a.bank, and a printing press.
Owing to the rapid settlement of the back coun
try, Darien has risen within a few years to a place
of much importance. In 1810, tiiere were only
206 inhabitants ; but in 1819, the number was be
tween 1 and 2,000, In'18l8, 40 houses were er
ected during 3 months, sorae of which are large and
elegant ; a bank was established with a capital of
$150,000, and a steara-boat navigation opened
with MUledgeville, The bar at the mouth of the
river has 14 feet at low water. Exertions are
making to remove the obstructions in the naviga
tion, and to render Darien the place of foreign ex-

DAS
port for the produce ofthe rich country between
Oconee and Oakmulgee rivers,
JJark, CO, Ohio, bordering on Indiana. Chief
town, Greenville. At the court-house is a post-
office. Darkehnen, t Prussia, 63 m. S. E. Konigs-,i
berg. Dorking, See Dorking,
Darlditon,t, Eng. iu Stafford, 7 m. from New-
castle-under-Liue. Pop. 4,881.
Darky, t Eng. 21 m. N. Derby.
Darlings, p-t. Knox co, Ohio, 15 m, E, Mount-
Vernon. Darlington, t, Eng. iu Durhsun, on the Skem.
Conaiderable manufacturea are carried on in lin
en, wool, and cotton. Pop. 5,069. 18 ra. S. Dur
ham, 238 N. London. Lon. 1° 35' W. Lat 54°
38' N.
Darlington, district, S. C. on Lynch's creek.
Pop. 9,047, Slaves, 2,731. At the court-house a
post-office is kept
Darlington, t. and cap, Warwick co, Indiana, on
the Ohio.
Darmstadt, t Germany, cap. ofthe grand dnchyl
of Hesse, 14 m. S. Frankfort on the Maine, 186.
E. Mentz. Lon. 8° 43' 49" E. Lat 49° 63' 37" N.
Pop. 18,000.
Dames, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Dametal, t. France, 2 m. E. Rouen. Pop.-
5,100. Darnky's Island, in Torres strait,. betweeuNew
Holland and New Guinea. Lou. 142° 59' 15" E.
Lat 9° 39' 3ff' S.
Doroca, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the XUoca, 45
m. S, S. W, Saragossa. Pop. 2,860, Lon. 1° 24'
W,Lat41° 15'N, .
Darsena, t. Persia, 80 ra, E. N, E. Kerman. ji
Dart, r, Eng, which falls into the EngUsh chan
nel between Dartmouth and King's Weare.
Dartford, t Eng. iu Kent, 15 m. E. London.
Pop. 3,177, a
Dartmoor, an extensive tract of land in England,
in the western part of Devonshire. ¦*
Dartmouth, s-p. Eng. in Devonshire, near the.'
confluence of the Dart with the British channel.
It has a good harbour. The chief occupatiim of
the inhabitants is in the Newfoundland and oth
er fisheries, wherein about 350 vessels are enga- '
ged. Pop, 3,695. 30 m. S. Exeter. Lmi.3°35'
W. Lat 50° 17' N.
Dartmouth College. See Hanover.
Dartmouth, p-t and s-p. Bristol cO. Mass. on
Buzzard's bay, 27 ra- S. Taunton, 62 S. Boston.'
Pop. 3,219.
Dam, t Persia, 96 m. N. E. Kerman.
Daruvar, t. Sclavonia, Pop, 3,000, Lon, 17°
25' 55" E, Lat 45° 36' 51" N.
Darvilks, p-v, Diiiwiddie co, Va.
Darmar, district. Hind, in Aurungabad, Dar-
war, the capital, ia in lon, 76° 35' E, lat, 18°
4ffN. " ,
Darwar, t. aud fortreas. Hind, in Bejaporq,
lately ceded to the British, Lon, 75° E, Lat 15°
36' N,
Darwen, t, Eng, in Lancashfre, 2m,from Black
burn, Pop, 6,216,
Darwenl. See Derwent.
Dasan, isl, in the E, India sea, Lon, 121° 30'
E, Lat 6° 46' N,
Daschite, t. Bohemia, 7 m. N, N, E, Chrudim,
Dashour, t Egypt, 15 m, S. Cairo,
Dassel, t. Hanover, 15 m, N, N, W, Gottingf n.

D A U

D E A

212

Dassow or Daschmc, t Mecklenberg, 17 m, W.
Wismar, Lon. 11° 5' E. Lat. 66° 55' N.
Datliboo, t Bambarra, in Africa, 100 m.E. Sego.
Datpach, t Arabia, 16 m. N. E. Medina.
Datschuls, t. Moravia, on the Theya, 24 m. S.
Iglau. Lon. 15° 21' E. Lat. 49° 3" N.
Daxaiutgiri, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 76° 2*
E. Lat 145 24' N.
Dcsuba, t Bohemia, 16 m. W. N. W. Jung
Buntzlau. Darenpor/jt Dela'ware co. N. Y.
Daventry, t Eng. in Nortiiamptonshire, 19 m.
S. E. Coventry. Pop. 2,758.
David Point, cape on N. coast of the ial. of Gre
nada. Lon. 61° 23' W. Lat. 12° 20' N.
Davidav, t. Russia, in Minsk, 60 m. E. Pinsk.
Pop. 2,300.
Daikdova, lake, Asiatic Russia, in Tobolsk, 208
m. N. N. E. Turuchansk.
Damdova, t Siberia, in Irkutsk, on the Kirenga,
60m.S.Kirensk. Da-ddsan, co. W. Tennessee, on Cuinberland
river. Pop. 15,608. Slaves, 6,306. Chieftown,
^ashviUe. Davidsoni p-t and cap. Lawrence district, Ar
kansaw Territory.
Davidstown, t. Hunterdon co, N. J, on Assan-
pink river, 10 m, from Trenton. Between these
towns there is a boat navigation,
Davies, co. Ken. Chieftown, Owensborough.
Dovies, CO. Indiana, between the forks of White
river. Chief town, Washington.
Davis's, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Davisburg, t. Christian co. Ken.
Davis' store, p-v. Rapid co. Louisiana.
Davis's cove, harbour on the W. coast of Ja
maica, 2 m. N. Green island harbour. '
Davis's Inlet, on the E. coast of Labrador, in
lon. 60° Iff W. Lat 66° 2ff N.
Davis's Island, one of the Philippine islands.
Lon. 123° 58' E. Lat 9° 42' N.
Davis's Straits, a narrow sea, which divides
Greenland, from N. America, extending N. W.
from Cape FaTwell, in lat. 60° N. to Baflin's bay.
An extensive whale fishery is carried on here.
Davis' /at'cm, p-v. Sussex CO. Va.
Davison Point, on the W. coast of N. America.
Lat 56° N.
Davistown, Maine. See Montmlle.
Daulakee, v. Persia, in Fars, 30 ra, N. E, Bu
shire. Davie, r. S. Araerica, which falls into the Guay
aquil, in lat 2° 8'S,
Daumal al Gendal, or Duma, t, Arabia, in Neds
jed, 260 m, E,N.E, Madian.
Doun, t. Germany, 28 m, N, N, E, Treves,
Davos, t. Switzerland, inthe canton 4 f Grisons,
60 m. S, E. Zurich'
Dauphin. See Chauteau Dauphin.
Dauphin Fort, s-p, in the N. part of St Domin
go, Lat 19° 41' N. Lon. 72° 4ff W.
Dauphin, r, N, Araerica, which runs into lake
Winnipic, in lat 52° 15' N,
Dauphin, co. Pa. on the E, side of the Susque
hannah, bounded N, by Northumberland, E, hy
SchuylkiU and Lebanon, S. by Lancaster, and W,
by the Susquehannah, Which separates it frora
Cumberland. ' Pop, 31,883, Chieftown, Harris
burg, Dauphin, isl, on the coast of Alabama, at the
mouth of Mobile bay, 5 m, frora Massacre island.
On the E, end are the reraains of an old French
fort, Lon, 88° 7' W. Lat 30° Iff N.

Datiphine, before the revolutibhj'^a province in
the S, E, part of France, now divided into the de
partments of Isere, Drome, and Upper Alps, and
containing 6,700 square miles, and 849,795 in
habitants, A large proportion of the country is
mountainous and unfit for tiUage, but the pasture
ia good in raany parta,
Douro, a country of Central Africa, between
Cashna and Bornou ,
Dausar, t. A, Turkey, on the Euphrates, 30 m,
S, W, Racca,
Dausenau, t Gerraany, 10 m, E. S, E, Coblentz,
Dawfuskee, island on the coast of S, C, at the
entrance of Savannah river,
Dawley, t, Eng, in Shropshire, 3 m,,^, E, Wel
lington, Pop, 3,208,
Dawlish, t, Eng, in Devonshire, 3 m. N, Teign-
raouth, Dofwnagur, t. Hind, 40 ra, Ni W, Cuttack,
Dax, t. France, on the Adour, 85 m. S. S. W.
Bourdeaux, 26 N. E. Bayonne. Pop. 4,400.
Daya, t. Sumatra, 30 ra. S. Acheen.
Daymar, t. Arabia, 220 ra. S. Mascat
Dayton, p-t. and cap. Montgomery co. Ohio, on
the Miami, just below the junction of Mad river,
62 m. N. Cincinnati, 66 W. Columbus, 40 S. E.
Urbanna. The public buildings are, a court
house and jail, 2 houaea of pubUc worship, I for
Presbyterians and 1 for Methodists, a banlc and an
academy. Mad river affords uncommon advan
tages for water works, aud numerous miUs are
erected upon it.
Dead river, Maine, the Western branch of the
Ke'nnebee. It rises in the highlands which sepa
rate Maine from Canada, and joins the Eastern
branch about 20 miles from Moosehead Lake,
Dead river, N- H, runs into the MargaUaway,
Dead Sea, or Asphaltites, that is, the Lake of Bi
tumen, a lake of Palestine, 180 m. in circuit. It
is bounded on the E, by lofty liilla, and on the N,
by the plain of Jericho, through which it receives
the river Jordan, The water is clear and limpid,
and of greater specific gravity than any hither
to discovered. It holds in solution, muriate pf
magnesia, muriate of lime, and muriate. of soda.
Mines of fossil salt are found in ..the neighbour-^
hood. Many absurd fables were formerly circu-
culated respecting the Dead sea. It was affirmed
that fish could not live in the water, and that the
pestiferous vapours hovering over it were fatal to
birds attempting to fly across ; but these stories are
contradicted by recent travellers. Great quan
tities of asphaltum, or mineral pitch, are always
seen floating on the surface of the Dead sea. Five
cities, inclnhing Sodom and Goniorrah, situated
on this spot, were all swallowed up, according to
scripture, for their unparalleled iniquity. Many
ruins remain on the western banks ; and travel
lers have thought that foundations might be dis
covered in the bottom at seasons when the waters
were low.
Deadman's Head, or Point, cape, Eng. in the
English channel, Lon. 4° 48' W. Lat, 60° 30' N,
JDedl, t. Eng, on the coast of Kent, between the
, North and South Forelands. It has no harbour ;
' but the sea between the shore and the Godwin
sands, called the Downs, affords in most cases a
secuirfe road for shipping. At this place ships usu
ally stop, , either when homeward or outward
bound, to send letters or passengers ashore, to
take in prcJvisions, or wait for orders. The defence
of this part of the coast depends chiefly on the
batteries and martello towers which have been

214

DEC

DEE

recently erected, and completely command the
access to the shore. Pop, 3,420, 73 ra. S. E.
London, Deal, V, Monmouth co, N, J, 7 m, S, Shrews
bury, Dean, forest, Eng, in Gloucestershire, between
the river Severn, and the county of Monmouth,
which once occupied 30,000 acres.
Deane, Great, or Mickel Deajri,t. Eng, 12 m,W,
Gloucester, Deurbom, p-t Kennebec co, Maine, 22 m, N.
Augusta, Dearborn, co, Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop, in
1815, 4,426, Chief town, Lawrenceburg.
Dearbom, co. IlUnois, Chief town, Rising-
sun, Dearborn's river, Missouri Territory, runs into
the Missouri, above the falls, near the Rocky
mountains. Death-ground, and Death Lake. See Fox river,
N. W. Territory,
Debalpore, district. Hind, in Moultan, about 31°
N, lat ; intersected by the rivers Beyahand Sut-
teledge, Debellus. See Zagora.
Deben, r. Eng, runs into the sea, at Harwich,
^ Debenham, t Eng, in Suffolk, 12 ra, N, Ips
wich, Debretzin, or Derbecyn, t. Hungary, in Behar
CO, Here is a celebrated academy, which has a
library of 20,000 voluraes, and 550 students. Pop,
in 18i6, 38,962 ; the greater number are native
Hungarians, but the richer merchants are Ger
mans, 166 m, E, S, E, Vienna, Lon, 21° 37' lO"
E, Lat 47° 31' 40" N,
Decapolis, in Sac. Geog, a country of the tribe
pf Manasseh, lying beyond the Jordan, and com
prising ten cities, beside amall towna. It was in
habited chiefly by Pagans, when the Jews return
ed from Babylon, Writers are not agreed in the
enumeration of allthe 10 cities, but Capernaum,
Caesarea Philippi, Bethsaida, and Scythopolis are
allowed to have beeh araong them,
Decatur, t. Otsego co. N.Y. 12 nl. S. E, Coop
erstown, Pop, 90£
liecotur, p-t. Brown co. Ohio, 9 m. W. Weat-
uuion. In 1818, it contained about 30 houses.
Deccan, or The Country of the South, an exten
sive region of India, bounded N. by the Nerbud-
dah, and S. by the Krishna, or Kiatnah river, ex
tending across the peninsula from sea to sea, —
During the reign ofthe Great Mogul Aurungzebe,
that is, during the latter half of the 17th century,
this country was annexed to the kingdora of Delhi,
and divided into six governments, viz, Khandesh,
Ahmednagur, Boeder, Golconda, Bejapore, and
Berar, Deccancok, or Decconparali, the division of the
kingdora of Assara, S, of the Brahmapootra river,
Deccan Shabazpore, isl, at the E, mouth of the
Ganges, Lon, 98° 58' E, Lat, 22° 30' N.
Deception Bay, on the N, W, coast of America,
Lat, 46° Iff N,
Deception Passage, channel, between the N. W,
coast of Araerica aud Whidbey's island. Lat,
48° 10' N,
Dcchi, r, Indiana, runs into the Wabash from
the N, E, 8 m. below Vincennes,
Decision, Cape, on an ialand, on the N, W,
coast of America, Lat, 66° 2' N,
Dcciee, t, France, in Nievre, on an island at
the confluence of the Airon and the Loire, 15 m,
E. Nevers,

Deekendorf, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 28 m-,
N, W, Passau, 38 E. S, E, Ratisbon, Lon, 12*
58' 38" E, Lat 48° 49' 45" N, '
Deckerstown, p-t, Sussex co, N, J,
Deckla, t India, in Canara. Lon, 75° 6' E, Lat
12° 26' N,
Deddington, t Eng, 17 m, N. Oxford,
Dedham, t, Eng, in Essex, on the Stow, 7 m. N.
N. E. Colchester.
Dedham, p-t, and cap, Norfolk co, Mass. 10 m.
S. W. Boston, 30 N. N, E, Providence, Lou, 71°
12' W, Lat 42° 16' N. Pop, 2,172, It contains
a court-house, jail, bank, 2 printing-offices, and 6
houses of public worship, 4 for Congregationalists,
1 for EpiscopaUans, and 1 for Baptiats, The town
ia watered by Charles and Neponset rivers, which
afford numerous seats for mills and manufacturing
establishments, Dedinovo, v. Russia, near the city of Moscow,
on the Oka,
Dee, r. Wales, which flows into the Irish sea, 15
m, below Chester,
Dee, r. Scotiand, which runs into the German
ocean at the town of Aberdeen, It abounds in
salmon, affording some of the most valuable fishe
ries in Scotland,
-Dee, r, Scotiand, which flows into the Solway
frith, 6 ra, below Kirkcudbright-
Dee, r. Ireland, which runs into the sea, 4 dl N,
E, Dunleer.
Deeg, t. and fort. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 77° 17'
E, Lat27°3ff N,
Deenkole, t. and fort. Hind, in Lahore, on the E.
side of the Sinde, 32 m. S. Attock. Lou. 71° E.
Lat. 32° 38' N.
Deep creek, p-v. Pasquotank co. N- C.
Deep river, N. C, rises iu Wachovia, and unites
with the Haw, to forra the N, W. branch of Cape-
Fear river.
Deep Sea Bluff, cape, on the N. W. coast of
America, in Broughton'sarchipelago, Lon, 233°
29' E, Lat 60° 52' N,
Deling, t. Eng, 8 m, N, Peterborough,
Deer, v. Scotiand, 26 m. N, Aberdeen,
Deer, t Alleghany co. Pa, Pop, 674.
Deer creek, Jf. ¥. See Denmark.
Deer creek, r. Ohio, joins the Scioto from Uie
W. 7 m, N. ChiUicothe,
Deer creek, t Picka'way co, Ohio, 9 m, W. Cir
cleviUe, Deer creek, t. Madison cc. Ohio. *
DeerfUld, p-t Rockingham co, N, H, 17 m. S, E
Concord, 35 N, W, Portsraouth, Pop. 1,851.
Deerfkld, p-t Franklin co. Mass. ou the west
side of Connecticut river, 4 m, S. Greenfield, 17
N. Northampton, 92 W, Boston. Pop. 1,570, It
contains -i handsome village, with a church and
an academy, and is in a very fertile counfry,
Deerfield, t. Oneida co. N, Y. ou the Mohawk,
opposite Utica, Pop. 1,232,
Deerfield, p-t, Cumberland co, N, J, Pop.
1,889. Deerfield, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 15 m, S, E.
Ravenna, Deerfkld, t Ross co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W. ChiUi
cothe. Pop. in 1819, 970.
Deerfield, t. Warren co. Ohio,
Deerfield, t. Morgan co, Ohio,
Deerfkld river, rises in Bennington co, Vt, and
flows into Connecticut river, between Deerfield
aud Greenfield, in Massachusetts,
Deering, p-t Hillsborough co, N, H, 18 m, Sf
W, Concord, Pop, 1,36'3,

DEL
Deer isle, isl, and t, Hancock co, Mainp, on the
E, side of Penobscot bay, 9 ra, S, E, Castine.
Pop, 1,607,
Deer park, p-t. Orange co, N. Y, on Delaware
river, 14 ra, N. of W. Goshen, 30 W, Newburg,
125 fr, Albany. Pop. 1,230,
Defiance. See Fort t)efiance.
Degligi, t. Ceylon, 16 ra. E, S. E. Candy.
Dego, t Piedmont, on the Bormida, 15 ra. S. S,
W, Acqui,
DegombfJi, kingdom, of Central Africa, on tbe
N.side of the mountains of Kong,
Dehasp, r. Great Bukharia, runs into the Jihon,
30m„N.W, Balk,
Dehr, t. Nubia, 130 m,S. S, W, Syene,
Deltrung, district, Assam, about 30 mil,es square,
ou the N, of the Bredimapootra river,
Deideslieim, t. Bavaria, 16 m, N. W, Spire.
Ddnach, v, Wirtemberg, in the Black Forest,
3 m, S. S. W, Kalw.
Deir, v. A. Turkey, in Bagdad, on the Eu
phrates. Deir,. el, or Taphsac, (au. Thapsacus,) t. Syria,
on ttie Euphrates, 56 ra, S. E. Racca, 140 E.
Aleppo. Lon. 39° 46' E. Lat. 35° 18' N.
Deir Ettiin, t. Egypt, on the NUe, 2 ra. above
Cairo. Dekalb, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N, Y. on the Os-
wegatchie, 20 m. fr, ita junction with the St Law
rence. Pop. 541. There ia a good boat naviga
tion to the mouth of the river.
Dekki, v. Nubia, on the Nile, 60 ra, S. Syene.
De la Fouche Boy, on the N. W. coast of Amer
ica. Lat 62° 39' N.
Delagoa Bay, called also the Bay of Lorenzo
Marques, is on the E, coast of Africa, between
26° and 27° S. lat Three large rivers faU into
the bay, one of which, called the Mafurao, or De
lagoa, is navigable 40 miles for vessels drawing
12 feet water, and large boats may go up 200
miles. Gold dust is found here, and elephant's
teeth, Delatin, t, Austrian Galicia, 24 m, S. Stanisla-
VfOW, Delaware, co, N, Y, on Delaware river, bound
ed N, by Otaego, E, by Schoharie and Greene, S,
by Ulster and Sullivan, and W, by Broome_ and
Chenango, and Delaware river which separates
it from Pennsylvania, Pop, 20,313, Chieftown,
Delhi, Delaware, co. in the S, E, part of Pa, on Dela
ware river. Pop, 14,734, Chief town, Ches
ter. Delaware, t. Wayne co. Pa, Pop, 472,
, Delaware, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop, 218.
Delaware Bay, a spacious bay of the U, S. be
tween the states of Delaware and New Jersey.
Its entrance is 20 miles wide, between Cape May
in lat 38° 56' N. and Cape Henlopen in lat, 38°
47', It ia 66 milea long from Fisher's point to
Cape Henlopen, and in th$ broadest part 30 miles
wide- Delaware River, V. S, rises in N, Y, in the
CatskiU mountains. In its course, it resembles
the letter W, It separates Pennsylvania from
New York and New Jersey, and runs into Dela
ware bay, 6 miles below Newcastle, It ia naviga
ble for ships of the line 40 miles, to Philadelphia,"
and for sloops 35 miles further, to the head of the
tide, at Trenton falls. Above the falls, itis navi
gable 100 mflea for boats of 8 or 9 ton?. The
whple lei^th, from its source to the bay, is. 300
miles.

DEL

215

Delaware, one ofthe U. S. bounded N. by Penn
sylvania; E. by Delaware river, Delaware bay,
and the AUantic ; S. and W. by Maryland. It
extends from lat 38° Sff to 39° 45' N., and from
lon, 74° 56' to 75° 4ff W. It is 87 miles long
from N, to S, and from 10 to 36 broad, containing
2,120 sq, miles. Pop, in 1790, 59,094 ; in 1800,
64,273; and in 1810, 72,674, ofwhom 65,361
were whites, 4,177 slaves, and 13,136 free blacks.
The state ia divided into 3 counties, Kent, New
castle and Sussex,
A small part of the state in the north is hilly ;
the rest is level and low. The soil in the north,
and along the Delaware, ia generally a rich clay;
in the middle, there ia a considerable mixture of
sand; and in the south, sand predominates, —
Wheat is the staple , production. It grows here
to very great perfection, Indian corn, rye, Oats,
&c, are also cultivated. — The principal rivers are
Brandywine creek and Christiana creek, which
unite in the northern part of the state, and^mpty
into, Delaware river. They afford an uncommon
nuraber of excellent seats for miUs and manufac
tories, which are extensively improved. The
flour mills on Brandywine creek, near Wilming
ton, are the finest collection in the United States,
Gunpowder, and cotton and woollen goods are
also manufactured to a great extent, in the same
neighborhood. In 1815, there were within 9
miles of Wilmington, 44 flour mills; 13 cotton
manufactories, 15 saw mills, 6 woollen manufac
tories, and 6 gunpowder raills, besides several
others, — A canal has been coraraenced between
Christiana creek, in this state, and Elk river, in
Maryland, When finished, it wiU be 22 railes
long, and will open an inland water comraunica
tion between Delaware river andChesapeake bay,
Presbyterians are the raost numerous reUgious de
nomination. Sieveral years since they had 24 con
gregations ; the Episcopalians, 14 ; Friends, 8 ;
Baptists, 7 ; and the Methodists were numerous
in the 2 southern counties. — The legislature con
sists of a senate, and house of representatives.
The representatives are chosen aunuaUy; the
governor, and senators triennially,
Delaware, t. King William co, Va, at the con
fluence of the PEununky and Mattapony, the forks
of York river, 28 ra, above Yorktown, 20 N, by
W, Williarasburg,
Delaware, co, Ohio, on Scioto river, N, of
Franklin co. Pop. in 1815, 5,000, Chief town,
Delaware. Deldware, p-t. and cap, Delaware co. Ohio, on
the W. bank of Whetstone river, 26 ra. N. Co-
lurabu?, 7| N. ChilUcothe, 65 N, W, Zanesville.
Lat 40° 18' N.
Delaware, r. E. J'lorida, runs into the gulf of
Mexico, near Cape Roraan.
Delawares, Indians, forraerly a nuraerous and
powerful tribe, who occupied part of New York,
New Jersey, and Pennsylvania, and could fumish
600 warriors. They removed, and for 60 years
reraained in Ohio, At present, they are about
1,000 iu number, and reside chiefly on White riv
er, in Indiana ; but in 1818, they sold their lands
to the U, S, -who have engaged to remove them
west of the Mississippi. They intend to settle on
Arkansaw river.
Delbrugg, v. Prussian states, 14 m, W, N, W-
Paderbdrn, Deldtn, t, Netherlands, 25 m, E, N. E. ^^ut-
phen.

21«

DEL,

Delebio, t, Lombardy, on the Adda, 5, m, N. W,
Morbegno. i -
Dekhameit, v. Syriji, 10 m. N. Balbec.
Delemont, t Switz. canton of Bern, 10 m. N. W,
Solothurn, J5e/e?3;, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower Can
ada, on the river SoreUe, 25 m, S, Montreal,
Delft, t Holland, between Rotterdam and Ley-
den, traversed by a canal which communicates
with the Maese at Delftshaven, Grotius waa born
here in 1583, Here is manufactured the earthen
ware or counterfeit porcelain, called Delft ware,
9 m, N, W, Rotterdam, 29 S. S, W, Amsterdam,
Pop, 13,852,
Delft, isl, on the W. side of Ceylon, Lat 9°
35' N,
Delftshaven, t Holland, on the N, side of the
]VIaese,2m, S, W,Rotterdara, Pop, 2,700,
Delfziel, t Netherlands, 15 m, N. E, Groningen,
Lon, 6 44' E, Lat 63° 19' N,
Delhi, province. Hind, between 28° and 31°
N, lat, ; bounded E. by the Ganges, N, by a range
of mountains, W, by Moultan, and S, by Agra
and Ajraeer, The greater part of this province
is sterile for want of water, AU the territory E,
of the Jurana, with a considerable district round
the city of Delhi, belongs in fact to the British ;
but its revenues are allotted to aupport the erape
ror or great Mogul, now reduced to the hurailia-
ting state of depenilency on a foreign power. The
south is occupied by native chiefs in alUanbewith
the British government. The country N. W, of
the Jumna, is occupied by a number of petty
Seik chiefs.
Delhi, a celebrated city, and for many years
the capital of Hindostan, is situated on the Jum
na. During the era of its splendour, it is said to
have contained 2,000,000 inhabitants. Imraense
suras were expended in constructing the fortress,
and cathedral.' . Superb palaces and innumerable
mosques were built, and colleges in different parts
of the city. The garden caUed the Shah al Imar
is said to have coat a miUion aterling. In 1739,
this city was invaded by Nadir Shah, who mas
sacred 100,000 of the inhabitants, and took
62,000,000/. sterUng of plunder. The modern
city contains many good houses, built of brick or
stone; with flat roofs. Since the city haa been
placed under the Britiah police, the population is
faat increasing, and every species of durable
property rising yearly in value. The emperor
(who was placed on the throne in December,
1806, and is entirely supported by the Britiah)
and the royal faraily, occupy the whole of the
citadel, Lon, 77° 9' E, Lat. 28° 43' N,
Delhi, p-t, and cap, Delaware co, N, Y, on the
Delaware, 63 ra. fr, Kingston, 68 W, CatskiU, 70
S, W, Albany, Pop, 2,396,
, Deli's, r. Malacca, runs into the Chinese sea,
Lat. 2° 33' N,
Deliste, sraall r, which rises in Up. Canada, and
falls into the St. Lawrence, in Lower Canada,
near its W, boundary,
Delitzsch, t Prassian states, 12 m, N, Leipzig,
16 E. Halle, Lon, 12° 19' E, Lat 61° 33' N,
Deliverance Islands, amall islands, near the
coast of Now Georgia, Lon, 162° 30' E, Lat
11°1'S. Dellarrwottai fort, Hind, in Bootan, Lon, 88°
32' E, Lat 26° 59' N,
Dellys, or Teddcles, s-p, Algiers, 45 m. -E. Al
giers, Delmar. t Tioga co. Pa . Pop. 884,

DEN
Delme, r. Oldenburg, Which runs in|o the Xf^
ser, near Delmenhorst ' * - TO
Dehnenhorst', t. Germany, on the Weser, 7 m.
S W, Bremen, Lon, 8® 39' 28" E. Lat 63".^
29"N, -
Delmona, sraaU r, Lombardy, falls into the
Oglio, ji'e'ar Bozzuolo,
Delphi. See Castri.
Delphi, p-v, Onondaga co, N. Y,
Delvina, (an, Ekus,) t. Lower .Albania, be
tween Joannina and Butrinto, 50m, E, N, E, La
rissa, 366 W, Constantinople, Lon, 20° 3ff E.
Lat, 40° 4' N. Pop, 8,000,
Dembea, lake, in the heart of Abyssinia, aup-
pbsed to be 450 miles in circumference. It con
tains many islands, one of which is made a place
of confinement for state prisoners. The Bahr-el-
Azrek, so often supposed to be the true Nile, falls
into this lake on the W. aud issuer from it on the
S,E, Dembea, a province of Abyssinia, including kll
the territory surrounding the great lake of Dem
bea. Gondar ia the capital.
Dembo, diatrict, W. Africa, in the S. E. part of
Congo. Deme, r. E. Prussia, joins the Pregel, and falls
into the Kurisch Haff.
Demeg, s-p. Arabia, on the Red sea.
Demer, r. Netherlands, joins the Dyle, and
falls into the Scheldt, between Antwerp and Den
dermonde, Demerara, r. S. America, in Guiana, which
falls into the Atlantic, in lon. 58° W, lat 6° 50'
N. It is navigable for ships nearly 100 miles, but
the bar will not admit vessels tiiat draw more ,
than 18 feet
Demerara, a province of Guiana, lying on both
sides of Demerara river. Its extent of sea coast
is nearly 100 miles, and it is bounded E. by the
province of Berbice, and W. bythat of Essequi-
bo. For 20 miles inland, along the banks of the
river, the country consists of extensive meadows.
Thia colony formerly belonged to the Dutch, but
waa ceded to the Britiah in 1814. The exports
to Great Britain, in 1807, were 19,337 hogsheads
of sugar, 4,722 puncheons of rum, 23,604 bales
of cotton, 12,390,102 pounds of coffee, aud 1,694
casks' of molasses,
Demetrias. See Goritsa.
Demiquain, r, Rlinois, runs into the lUinois
from the N, W, 160 m. above its mouth. It is
said to be navigable 12Q miles.
Demir-tasch, fort, Eu. Turkey, near Adrianople.
Demmin, t Hither Pomerania, at the influx of
the ToUensee and the Trebe, 27 m. S. Sti^aund.
Lon. 13° 2' E. Lat 53° 34' N.
Demona, Vol, province, SicUy, inthe N. E. por
tion of the island, extending from the strait of
Meaaina to Catania, and having the Val de Maz
zara to the W. and Val de Noto to the 9. Pop.
521,000. The capital is Messina.
Demonte, t. Piedmont, 10 m, S. W, Coni, Lon,
7° 24' E, Lat 44° 21' N, Pop, 6,000,
Demotica, t Eu, Turkey, in Roraania, on the
Marizza, 12 m, S, S, W, Aftrianople, 116N,W,
Constantinople, Lon, 26°i40' E, Lat 41° 50 N.
Pop, 8,000,
Denain, v, France, on tha Scheldt, 4 m, N, E
Bouchain, 6 S, W, Valenciennes,
Denbigh, co. Wales, bounded E, by FUntshire,
Cheshire, and Shropshire, W, by Caernarvon
shire, N, by the Irish sea, and g, by Merioneth
shire and MontgomBryshlre. "The inhabitants.

DEN

DEP

21T

amount to 60,352, of whora 6,960 are employed in
trade and manufactures, and 21,104 in agricul
ture. Denbigh, the capital of Denbighshire, in Walea,
is in the fertile vale of Clwyd, 61 ra. E, Holyhead,
Lon, 3° 21' W, Lat 53° 12' N, Pop, 2,714,
Denbigh, Cape, on the N, W, coast of Ameri
ca, in Norton sound, Lat 65° 23' N,
Denby, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 0 m, fr, Barnsley,
Dender, small r, Netherlands, which runs into
the Scheldt near Dendermonde,
Dendera, t Upper Egypt, a mile from the left
bank of the NUe, 48 S, S, E, Girg^, 242 S, Cairo,
It is remarkable as containing monuments which
display the ancient architecture of Egypt in all
its glory. The great temple of Venus,- in partic
ular, has inspired every traveller of taste with
emotions of the deepest admiration, Lat 26°
15'N, Dendermonde, or Termonde, t Netherlands,
cap, of a large district in East Flanders, at the
conflux of the Dender and the Scheldt, 19 m. S,
W, Antwerp, Lon, 4° 20' E. Lat 61° 1' N, Pop,
5,200, Deneavre, t France, 10 m. S, E. Lune-riUe.
Dengarten, t. Pomerania, on the Reckenitz,
where it falls into the bay of Ribnitz, 22 m, S. W.
Stralsund. Denia, s-p. Spain, on the Mediterranean, 46
m. S. S. E. Valencia. Lat 38° 50' N.
. Denisley, or Degnisla, t. NatoUa, 108 m. E.S.
E. Smyrna. Loa. 29° 13' E. Lat 37° 51' N,
Denkina, t Hind, 55 m. E, Seringapatam,
Denmark, a kingdom in Europe, the continental
part of which consists of Jutiand, Sleswick, Hol
stein, andLauenburg.and the insular part of Zeal
and, Funen, Langeland, Falster, Laaland, Born
holm, Moen, and a nuraber of smaller islands in
the Baltic, It is bounded S, by Gerraany, and on
all other aides by the aea; and contains 22,000 sq,
nules. There are various appendages to the
crown of Denmark, viz, Iceland and the Faroe
isles in Europe; a part of Greenland; Chris
tiansburg, and other smaU placea on the coast of
Guinea; Tranquebar on the coast of Cororaan
del; with factories in the Nicobar islands; and
in the West Indies, Santa Cruz, St, Thoraas, and
St John, Pop. iu 1811, 1,800,000, of which
number JuUand containa ... 400,000
Zealand, Funen, &c. - - 560,000
Sleswick, - - - . 300,000
Holstein, - - . . 350,000
Iceland, - . . . 60,000
Lauenburgh, - - . 36,000
Faroe ialands, - - . 5,300
Settlementa in E. and W, Indies, and
Africa, - - - . 100,000
The face of the country ia a plain, interrupted by
few hills. The cUmate is moist and temperate.
The soU is sandy, but is weU adapted for pasture,
¦ and produces, oats, barley, beans, peas, and above
all, potatoes. Fishing is carried on to a consider
able extent in the bays and creeks,— In 1800,
Denmsu-k owned 260,000 tona of shipping, and
20,000 seamen, 'The exports are grain, horsea,
«xen, beef; pork, butter, and cheeae. — The reve
nue is between 1,500,000/, and 2,000,006/, ; the
national debt 16,000,000/. 'The mUitary force
consiats oT more than 20,000 men ; the naval of
only 4,000 in actual service, but there are be
tween 14,000 aad 3 5.000 registered seamen at the

dispoaal of the crown. — The government is an
absolute monarchy. — The established religion is
the Lutheran. — There are two universities, that
of Copenhagen, on a large scale, with ample
funda ; that of Kiel, comparatively amall, but on
a more judicious plan. There ia a coUege with
four pfofesaors, at Odensee, in Funen. Norway
formerly belonged to Denmark, but in 1813 it was
reluctantly ceded to Sweden,
Denmark, t. Oxford co. Maine, on Saco river,
30 ra, S, W, Paris. Pop. 436.
Denmark, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river,
150 ra. fr. Albany, Pop. 1,242. Deer creek talk
into Black river in this town, and haa several falls
of from 10 to 60 feet, and one called High faU, of
176 feet nearly perpendicular. Immediately
above thia fall, is the village of Copenhagen.
Denmark, p-t Ashtabula co. Ohio, 4 m. E. Jef.
ferson. Dennewitz, v. Brandenburg, 2 m. fr. Juterhock.
Dennis, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass, 9 m, N, E,
Bamstable, 76 S. E, Boston. Pop, 1,739.
Dennis, p-v. Amelia co. Va.
Dennis creek, p-v. Cape May co. N. J.
Denny, v. Scotland, in StirUng, 5 m. W. Fai-
kirk. Denny's river, Washington co. Maine, runs into
the north branch of Cobbeacook, and passing by
E-astport, empties into the W. passage, between
Campo-bello island and the main.
Dennysviile, p-t. Washington co. Maine, on
Denny's river, at the head of tide water, 23 m,
N, E, Machias, 17 N, W. Eastport It has several
saw^-mills, and considerable trade in lumber.
Dent, t, Eng. in Yorkshire, on Uie river Dent,
3 ra. fr. Ledbergh.
Denton, t Eng. in Lancashire, 15 in. fr. Man
chester. Denton, p-t, and cap, Caroline co. Md. on the
head-waters of Choptank river, 20 m. S. E. Cen
treviUe, 20 N. E. Easton. The public buildings
are a courthouse and jail, a Methodist church,
and an academy.
Dentrecosteo'ux' s Channel, strait, on the S. E.
coast of Van Diemen's land, from which it sepa
rates Bruny's iale.
Deodhur,t. Hind. 175 m. fr. Moorahedabad.
Lon. 88° 32' E. Lat 26° 5ff N.
Deoghir. See Dowlatabad.
Deogire, or Deogur, ancient fort and city. Hind.
in Berar, Lon, 79° 12' E. Lat 21° 65'"N,.
Deogur, fort, Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86° 40' E.
Lat24°3ffN, Deonhalhj, t. and fort, India, in Mysore, 19 m.
N, N, E. Bangalore, Lon, 77° 54' E, Lat, 13°
15'N. Deppen, v, W, Prussia, 15 m, S, W, Guttstadt
Deposit, p-v, in Tompkins, Delaware co. N, Y,
on the Delaware, 14 ra, S. E, Oquago, 105 W.
Catskill. It has considerable trade in lumber.
Deptford, t. Eng. in Kent, at the confluence of
the Ravensbourne with the Thames. There is a
royal dock yard here, with fine wet docks, and nu
merous buildings for the manufacture and preser
vation of naval stores. Here many ofthe largest
ships of war have been bmlt. There are also
several private docks in the neighbourhood, for
building and repairing merchantmen. 'There are
two hospitals belonging to the corporation, or so
ciety, oftlie Trinity-house, devoted to the support
of decayed mastera of ships, andpilota, and thear
widow-l Pop- 19,833, 4 m. E. Londen.

2S

218

DER

Deptford, t, Gloucester co, N, J, Pop, 2,978,
DepucKs Island, ou the N. W, coast of New
Holland, Lon, 113° 47' E, Lat 20° 35' 30" N,
Derah Ishrnael Khan, t. in the Afghan territo
ries, on the Indus, Lon, 70° 5ff E, Lat 31°
55' N, *
De Ramsay, 2 seigniories, in Lower Canada :
gne, in RicheUeu co, ; and the other, in War
wick CO,
Derbak, r. Persia, which runs into the Caspian,
alittleN, of Derbend, ,
Derbane, r, in the N,'part of Louisiana, runs S,
E, and joins the Wachitta,
Derbe, in Sac, Geog, a city of Lycaonia, on the
confines of Isauria.
Derbend, t Russia, capital of the Idianship of
Derbend, in the pro-rince of Schirvan, on the W,
eoast of the Caspian sea. It is in the form of a
parallelogram, extending on a declivity from the
very margin of the shore west, to the foot of a
lofty mountain. It is considered the gate of Per
sia ; its name signifies an impassable place. It is
surrounded by atrong walls. The harbor is the
worst on the Caspian sea. The inhabitanta are
Mahometana, Georgiana, Armenians, and Jews,
amounting in all to 4,000. Little frade is carried
on, owing to the poverty of the surrounding coun
tries, Lon, 48* 68' E, Lat, 41° 52' N.
Derbinskoi, v. Siberia, on the Lena, Lon, 116°
14' E. Lat. 60° Sff N.
Derby, co. Eng. bounded N. by Yorkshire, E,
by the counties of Nottingham and Leicester, S,
by Leicester and Stafford, and W, by Stafford and
Chester, It contains 972 sq. raUes, Pop, in 1811,
185,487; families, 37,460, of which number,
14,283 are,engaged in agriculture, and 15,825 in
trade and manufactures,
Derby, t. Eng cap. of Derbyshire, on the Der
went, which ia navig'able to the Trent. A county
infirmary, on a large scale, was erected here in
I8i0, which is considered one of the most com
plete establishments ofthe kind in Europe. Man
ufacturea to a large extent, are carried on in this
town, particularly in ailk and cotton, porcelain,
and spar. This is a borough, returning 2 mera
bers to parliament Pop, 13,043, Lon,l°25'W.
Lat 62° 58' N.
Derby West, t. Eng, 4 m. fr. Liverpool,
Derby, p-t, Orleans co, Vt, on lake Memphrama
gog, 52'ra, N, MontpeUer, Pop, 714,
Derby, p-t. New Haven co. Ct, on the Housa
tonick, at the junction of Naugatuc river, 12 ra.
above its mouth, 10 AV, New Haven. Pop. 2,051,
It contains 6 churches, 2 Episcopal, 2 Congrega
tional, and 1 Methodist, A nuraber of mills and
manufactures are erected at the falls of the Nau-
fatUCk, and on Eight mile river and other streams,
ee Humphreysville. The river is navigable for
I'es'sels of 80 tons, and considerable trade is car
ried on with the W, Indies,
Derces, t. Persia, in Fars, 7 m, N. Thazerooii,
Dereham, t Eng, in Norfolk, 160 m. W. Nor
wich, 100 N. N, E, London, Lon, 56' E, Lat,
52° 40' N, Pop, 2,088,
Dpreia, t. Syria, 6 m, S, Damascus.
Derenburg, t. Prussian st-ates, on the Holzemme,
6 m, W, S, W, Halberstadt, Pop, 2,000,
Derg, r. Ireland, runs from Lough Derg to the
river Foyle, 8 m, E. Donegal,
Dergasp, t, Persia, in Seistau, 40 m, S. W. Boat
Lon. 63° 48' E, Lat. 32° 5' N,
Derhalinh, t. Syria, 20 m. S. Damasou?.

DES
Deriobi, one of the Kartan islands, on the coast
of Arabia, Lon, 55° 65' E, Lat 17° 35' N,
Demisch, or Dermis, t and fort, Austrian states,
in Dalmatia, 20 m, N, Sebenico.
Derry. See Londonderry.
Derry, r, Wales, which runs into the Avon,
near Dolgelly.
Derry, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swetara creek, 2
m. above its junction with the Susquehannah.
Pop. 2,431. In the bank of the creek, there is a
cavern, containing numerous apartments, and
with stalactites of various shapes and colors, form
ed on the walls.
Derry, t. Mifflin co. Pa. Pop, 1,341,
Derry, t, Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 2,380.
Derry, t Northumberland co. Pa. Pop. 2,283.
Derryfield. See Manchester.
Deruyter, p-t. Madison co, N, Y, 34 m, S, W,
Utica, 130 W. Albany, Pop. 1,503,
Dervio, t, Lombardy, on the lake of Como, 18
m, N, N, E. Corao,
Derwent, r. Eng. which falls into the Irish sea,
at Workington; another, which runs into the
Ouse, 6 m. S, E, Selby, in Yorkshire ; another,
which flows into the Tyne, about 3 m, above New
castle ; another, which falls into the Trent, 8 m.
E. S, E, Derby,
Derwent Fells, mt Eng. S. of Keswrick. j
Derwent Water, lake, Eng. in Cumberiand,-.
near Keswick, formed by the river Derwent,
Des, t Transylvania, 26 m. N, N. E. Clausen
burg. Lon. 23° 23' E. Lat 47° 1' 5ff' N.
Desaguero, r. S. America, which issues from
lake Titicaca, and running S. terminates in lake
Paria. Over this river is stiU to be see^n the
bridge of rushes, consfructed by the fifth Inca of
Peru, for frausporting his army to the other side,!
Desaguero, sometimea called iiio Colorado, large
r. in Patagonia, which, after a S. E. course of
nearly 1000 miles, falls into the AUantic, in lat,
39'' 46' S, '
Deseada, Cape, onthe N. W, coast of Terra del
Fuego. Lon. 76° 45' W. Lat 52° 52' S.
Deseada, the first of the Caribbee islands, dis
covered by Columbus, in 1494, 16 m. E. Guada-,
loupe. Lon. 61° 16' W. Lat 16° 38' N.
Desio, t Lombardy, 6 m. N. Milan.
Desire, Port, harbor, on the eastern coast of 3.
America, Lon, 64° 26' W, Lat 47° 7' S,
Des Mains, large r. Missouri Territory, which
runs S. S. E. and joins the Mississippi, about 130
miles above the mouth of the Missouri. From
the rapids to its mouth, it fornis the boundary of
the State of Missouri. It may be ascended in
boats 800 railes.
Desna, r. Ruaaia, which runs into the Dnieper
near Kiev.
Desolation, Cape, on the S. W. coast of Terra
del Fuego. Lou. 72° 12' W. Lat. 54° 55' S.
Desolation, Cape, the S. point of Greenland.
Lon, 47° W. Lat 61° 45' N,
Despage, or Fox river, Illinois, runs into the Il
linois, from tiie N. about half way between lake
Pioria, and the forks of the Illinois, Its course is
nearly parallel with that of the Desplanes,
Desplancs, r. Illinois, rises W, of l^e Michigan, ,
and flowing S. W, meets Uie Kankakee, to form
Illinois river. The Desplanes coraraunicates with
a lake, and from this lake there is a sort of canal
to Chicago river, partly worn by the water,- and,
partly made by the French and Indians, tlirough
which boats pass in wet seasons. See Chicago. ,

DEV
Dessau, t Germany, cap, of the duchy of Au-
halt-De^au, on the iMulda, which falls into the
Elbe, about half a league from the town. Pop,
9,400, 28 m. S. E, Magdeburg, Lon. 12° 17' 1"
E. Lat 51° 5ff 6" N,
Destruction Island, on the N, W. coast of Amer-
^ica, Lat 47° 37' N,
Desvres, t France, in Pas-de-Calais, 9 ra, S, E,
Boulogne. Detmold, t Germany, on the Wehre, 25 m. S.
S. W. Minden. Lon. 8° 45' E, Lat. 51° 5'3' N.
Detroit river, N. America, which connects lake
St. Clair with lake Erie, is 28 railes long, and, op
posite Detroit, | of a raile wide, enlarging aa it
descends, and is navigable for vessels of any bur
den. Near ita raouth, are Grossdsle, and nuraer
ous smaller islands ; and the principal channel is
near the eastern side, between Bois blanc island
and the Canada shore. Back from the river, the
land descends into low grounds and mai'shea, and
the settiements are only one farm deep, on the
banka of the river, which are regular and even.
The country has been settled more than a centu
ry, and there is an alraost continued line of settle
ments from the mouth of the river to lake St.
Clafr, on the Canada side; and on the western
side, for several miles above and below Detroit. —
The houses though low and mean, are finely set
round with forest and fruit treea, and with the
beautiful expanae of the water, form a moat
agreeable view as you sail on the river.
Detroit, city, and port of entry, Wayne co, and
capital of Michigan Territory, ia on Detroit riv
er, 9 miles frora lake St. Clair, 18 above Araherst-
burg, in Up. Canada, 313 S, Mackinaw, 302 W,
Buffalo, 648 fr, Washington, Lon, 82° 56' W,
Lat 42° 25' N. Pop, in 1819, 1,1 10, The city is
laid out in a regular square, | of a mile on each
side. The public buildings are, a raarket house ;
a council-house ; a penitentiary, built of stone ;
a bank; a large Government store-houae^; a mili
tary arsenal, and ordnance store-house ; an acad
emy; a neat Presbyterian church; and a magnifi
cent CathoUc church, 116 feet by 60, built of
atone, with 2 tall steeples, which is not yet finish
ed, — Thesituation of Detroit is eminently advan
tageous in the commerce of the great Lakes, It
was settled as early as 1683, by the French from
Canada, for the purposes of the fur trade. At
present, its trade is chiefly -with Ohio and New-
York, and with the military posts on the Upper
Lakes. In 1818, the amount of shipping belong
ing to this port, was 849 tons; the value of ex
ports, was $69,330, and of imports, $15,611, —
The fort is a regular work, of an oblong figure,
covering an acre of ground, with parapets ,and
bastionsj and surrounded by palisadoes, a deep
ditch and glacis. The number of the garrison in
1818, was 168,— In August, 1812, Detroit surren
dered to the British, but was not long retained
by them,
Dettenheim, t. Bavarian statea, in the circle of
the Upper Danube, In this neighbourhood, viz,
at the village of Graben, are the remains of the
canal, by which Charlemagne attempted to con
nect the waters of the Danube and the Rhine, in
the year 793,
Dettingen, v. Bavarian states, in the circle of
the Lower Maine, on the east bank ofthe Maine,
9 m. S, Hanau,
Deva, r, Spain, which falls into the bay of Bis
cay, at Deva ; another, which joins the river Ove,
near Oviedo.

DEW

219

Delia, a-p, Spain, in Guipuscoa, at the mouth of
the Deva, 15 m. W, St Sebastian, Lon, 2° 24'
W, Lat 43° 19' N.
Deva, t, Transylvania, on Uie Maroach, 10 m.
W, Millenbach. Lon. 22° 45' E, Lat, 47° 19'
4"N. Devoprayaga,'\. Hind, in Serinagur, on that
part of tiie Ganges held raost sacred by Uie Hin
doos, Here is the celebrated temple of Rama-
chandra, Lou, 78° 3T E. Lat. 30° 9' N.
Devcnish, isl, Ireland, in Lough Erne, 3 m, N,
Enniskillen, Deventer, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the
Yssel, Linen is manufactured here, and the traf
fic in cattle, butter, and cheese, is considerable-
Pop, 10,100. 8 m. N. N. W, Zutphen, 46 E. Ara-
sterdara, Lon. 6° 3' E. Lat, 52° 18' N.
Deveron, r. Scotland, which falls into the Ger-
raan ocean at Banff,
Dcverte bay, on the N, E, coast of New Bruns
wick, at ita S. E. exti-cmity.
Devicotta, fort, and s-p. India, in Tanjore, at
the raouth of the Coleroon. Lon. 79° 55' E, Lat,
ll°2ffN, Devil' shale. See Niagara falls.
Devil's river, small r, Michigan Territory, (so
called frora a superstition of the Indians concern
ing it,) runs into Fox river, opposite Fort How
ard, Another river of this, name empties into
Fox river, 120 miles above its mouth. See Fox
river, Devizes, or The Vies, t. Eng, in Wilts, on the
Kennet and Avon canal. It sends 2 merabers to
parliament. Pop, 3,750, 88 W. S, W, London.
Lon. 1° 58' E, Lat. 51° 21' N.
Deulemonde, t. France, dep, of the North, where
the river Deule falla into the Lys, 6 m. N. W,
LiUe, Devon, co, Eng, bounded N. by the Bristol
channel, E. by Dorset and Somerset, S, by the
English channel, and W. by Cornwall, It con
tains 2,493 sq. miles. Pop. in 1811, , 383,308;
familiea, 79,415, of which number, 33,044 were
engaged in agriculture, and 30,977 in trade and
manufactures. Devon, r. Scotland, which falla into the Forth,
at Cambua. The Devon iron works are about 4
milea from the mouth of the river. There is
another river of the same narae, which ialla into
the Forth at Clackmannan harbor,
Devon, co. Lower Canada, on the S- side of the
St. Lawrence, between Hertford and Cornwallis
counties, '
Deuren, t. Prussian states, 14 m, E, Aix-la-Cha-
pclle, Loit, 6° 25' E, Lat 50° 50' N.
Deux coeurs, r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into lake Superior, 21 ra, W. Whitefish point, and
66 W, St, Mary's river. It is 25 yards wide, and
beatable at ita entrance.
Deux Monlagnes, lake, Canada, or rather ex-
panaion of the river Ottawa, at its junction with
the St, Lawrence, It is 24 railes long, and from
1 to 6 broad.
Deux Pants, formerly a principaUty of Germa
ny, on the left bank ofthe Rhine, but now belong
ing to B-Avaria, and forming part of the circle of
the Rhine, Pop, 60,000,
Deux Fonts, Les, t. Bavarian states, in the cir'
cle ofthe Rhine, 46 m, W, Manheira, 58 N.
Mentz. Lon. 7° 25' E, Lat 49° 16' N, Pop,
5,000, Dewangunge, t,'*BengaI, on the W,banl^ of the
Brahmapootrariver. Lon,8.9°42'E. Lat26°7 N<

^20

D I C

Dewarcoie, t, fliud. Lou, 78° 2'Ei Lat. 30° 59' N.
Dewee, amall isl. S. C. in Charleston harbor,
Deweysburg, t Caledonia co. Vt 22 m. N. E.
MontpeUer. Pop., 200.
Dewsburgh, t Eng, in the West Riding of York
sliire, 5 ra. W. Wakefield. Pop. 6,069.
Dexter, p-t Hancock co, Maine, 30 ra. N. W,
Bangor, Deynse, t. Netherlands, on the Lys, 9 m. S, W,
Ghent Pop, 3,000,
Deyrah, t.Iiini.iaSennagar, Lon, 77° 46'E.
Lat, 30° 19' N,
De:zaigne, t France, in Ardeche, onthe Dance,
16 m, W, Touraon, Pop, 3,440,
Dezensano, t, Lombardy, on lake Guarda, 15
as. S, Brescia, Lon, 10° 35' E, Lat 46° 29' N,
Desful, Or Desphoul, t. Persia, in Kuziatan, 28
m,W, Shuster. Pop. 15,000.
Dfjesan, t. Arabia, in Yemen, on tbe coast of
the Red sea, 22 m. W. Abu-Arisch.
Dhor, -t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 75° 25' E.
Lat 22° 48' N.
Dharmsaleh, t Thibet, 60 m. S, Sarangpour.
Lon. 81° 25' E. Lat. 31° 42' N.
DheUy, Portuguese t on the N. coast of the
island of Timor. Lon. 125° 30' E. Lat. 8°
35' S.
Dhonee, r. Thibet, which runs into the Bur-
hampooter, at Luckeigereh.
,, Dhoohour, city, llind. in Agra, on the N. bank
Of the CThumbul. Lon. 77<^ 56' E. Lat, 26° 43' N,
Diadin, t Turkish Armenia, on the Euphrates,
72 m, S. S, W, Erivan, 140 S, S. E, Erzerum,
Diakovir, t, Sclavonia, 14 m, S. W, Essek,
ton, 18° 27' 48" £, Lat. 46° 19' 20" N.
Djam, t. Persia, in Khorassan, 100m. N.Herat.
8ffS.E. Meschid.
Diamond Harbour, in the W. branch of the
Ganges, commonly caJled the Hoogly river, about
34 miles below Calcutta in a straight Une. i^t
this place the company's ships unload, and take
in great part of theirjiomeward bound cargoes.
Diamond Island, on the E. side of the bay of
' Bengal, 12 m, S. Cape Negrais. Lon.,94° 12" E.
Lat 15° 61' N.
Dianumd Point, cape on the N. coast of Suma
tra. Lon. 97° 52' E. Lat, 5° 20' N.
Diamond Point, cape on the W, coast of Marti
nico, Lon. 61° W, Lat 14° 25' N,
Diamper, t. India, in Cochin, Lon, 76° 37' E.
Lat 9° 55' N.
Diana's Bank, or Shoal, small isl. in the Indian
sea. Lon. 151° 5' E. Lat 15° 45' S.
Diono, t. Sardinian states, in Genoa, 3 m, N. E,
Oneglia, Diano, t. Naples, in the principato Citra, 13 m,
I*. N, W, PoUcastro,
Diarbekir, a pachalic or government of A, Tur
key, between the Tigris aud Euphrates,
Diarbekir, city, A. Turkey, and cap, of the pa
chalic of Diarbeldr, is in a fine plain on the Ti-
g^ris, The city is encompassed by a lofty tiiiok
waU of black stone. Extensive manufactures are
carried ouliere in iron, copper, silk, wool, cotton,
aud leatlicr. There ai'e considerable exports to
Bagdad and Constantinople. The inhabitants
consist of Turks, Armenians,. Kurds, Catholics,
and Jacobites, The surrounding counfry is ex
ceedingly fertile. Pop, about SOjOOO, Lon, 39°
62'E,Lat37°,66'N, Dickinson, t, FrankUn co, N, Y, 12 m. W, Ma
lone, Pop. 411,
Dickinson, t, Cumberland co. Pa, Pop, 1,749,

D I E
Dickinson collie. See CarlisU. <
Dickinson's store, p-v, CaroUne co, Va,
Dickinsonvilk, p-v. Franklin co, Va.
Dicks, r. Ken, runs into the Kentucky, aftera N.
W, course of 50 miles, in lon, 84° 66' W. Iatr37<»
4ffN. Dicks creek, Ohio, empties into the Miami from ,
the E. above Hamilton, j
Dickson, co, W, Tennessee, Pop, 4,516, Slaves, '
980. Chief town, Charlotte,
Dickwasset, r. New Bruns'wick, which rans in
to Passamaquoddy bay,
Didsbury, t Eng, 6 m. from Manchester.
Die, t France, on the Drome, 25 m. S, E, Val
ence, 30 S, W, Grenoble, Lon. 5° 22' 33" E. Lat
44° 45' 31" N.
Djebail, t, Syria, 2 m, N, ofthe river Ibrahim,
It occupies the site of the ancient Bi6/os, whose
inhabitants were employed with the Sidonians in
procuring wood for Solomon's temple. Pop. 6,000.
DjebelHazen, isl. ofthe Red sea, on the coastof
Arabia. Lat 26° 32' 20" N.
Djebel Nor, or the Mountain af Light, hill,
Arabia, in Hedsjas, near Mecca. The Mahome
tana believe that the angel Gabriel broughtthe
first chapter ofthe koran here to their prophet
Djedda. See Jidda.
Dieburg, t Hesse, in Starkenberg, 24 m. E. S.
E. Mentz.
Diego Ruys, or Rodriguez, isl. in the Indian
ocean, 100 leagues E. of Sie island of Mauritius.
Lon. 67° 32' E, Lat 19° 30' S.
Diego de Ramires, isl, near the coast of Terra
del Fuego. Lon. 68° 46' W. Lat 66° 19' S.
Diekirch, t Netherlands, outhe Saure, 20 m. N.
Luxemburg. Diemen's Land, Van. See Van Diemen's
Land. Dienvitk, t. France, in Aube, 9 m. N. W. Bar-
sur-Aube, Diepholz, county, Germany, lying between
Munster, Osnabruck, Minden, and Hoya, aud be
longing to the kingdom of Hanover. It contains
264aquare miles, and 15,630 inhabitants.
Diepholz, t Hanover, cap. ofthe county of
Diepholz. Pop. 1,550. 30 m. S. S. W. Bremen.
Lon. 8° 21' E. Lat 52° 36' N.
Dieppe, s-p. France, in the EngUsh channel, at
the mouth ofthe Arques, or Bethune. Thereare
regular packet-boats between Dieppe and Brigh
ton, a distance of 66 miles, and it is the most di
rect route between London and Paris. 45 m. N.
E. Havre de Grace, 100 N. W. Paris. Lon. 1° 4'
E. Lat 49° 55' N. Pop. 20,000.
Dierdorf, t. Grand duchy of the Lower Rhine,
on the Wiedbach, 8 m. N, N.E, Coblentz.
Diersheim, v. Baden, iu Kinzig, 5 m. N. Kehl.
Dierstein, t. Lower Ausfria, on the Danube, 39
m.W. Vienna. Lon. 16° 33' E. Lat 48° 27' N;
Diesenhofen, t. Switzerlanji, in Thurgau, on the
Rhine, 5 m, S. Schaffhausen,
Diessen, t Upper Bavaria, in the circle of the
Iser, 8 ra, S, Landsberg, Lon. 11° 6' E, Lat 47°
56' 30" N,
Diest, t Netherlands, in Soutii Brabant, on the
Demer, 22 in, W, Maesfricht Lon, 5° 4' E, Lat
60°58'N, Dietenheim, t Bavarian states, in Suabia, on
tiie Iller, 9 m. S, E. Ulm,
Dielikon, v. Switzerland, in Zurich, 8 m, N, W,
Zurich, Diets, t. Germany, iu the duchy of Nassau, on
Uie Lahn, which here begins to be navigable.

D I N
Dieuse, t, France, in Meurthe, on the Seille, 22
m, N, E, Nancy, Lon, 6° 48' E, Lat, 48° 49' N,
Digby, t. Nova Scotia, on the bay of Annapolis,
15 m, S, W. Annapolis,
Digges's Sound, an inlet in the N, part of Beer
ing's bay. Lon, 220° 43' E, Lat 59° 52' N.
{;¦ Dighton, p-t and port of entry, Bristol co. Mass,
on the W, side of Taunton river, 7 ni. S, Tauli-
ton, 20 from Warren, 39 S. Boston, Pop, 1,659,
Amount of shipping in 1815, 9,699 tons, Onthe
aide of the river in this town, there is a rock con
taining a hieroglyphic inscription, of which no
satisfactory account has been given,
Digmann's ferry, p-v. Pike co. Pa,
Dignano, t. Austrian states, in Istria, 3 m. from
Uie sea, 44 m, S, Trieste, Lon. 14° E, Lat 45°
6'N, Digne, t, France, in Lower Alps, The streets
are steep and wincUng, and the houses Ul built ;
there are three gates, a cathedral, and 4 other
churches. About a league from the town, at the
fcot of a perpendicular rock, are mineral springs
which are sfrongly impregnated with sulphur,
and employed both externaUy and internally. 34
S. by W. Embrun, 60 N. E. Aix. Lon, 6° 14' 37"
E. Lat 44° 6' 14' N, Pop, 3,300.
Digoin, t. France, in Saone and Loire, 14 m, W,
CharoUes, Dijon, an ancient and well built city of France,
cap, of Cote d'Or. It is on the Ouche, at the en
trance of a fertile plain, bounded by the ridge
of hills called the Cote d'Or, which abound in
exceUent wines. It contains several fine church
es, a univeraity, a museum of paintings and en
gravings, and an academy of sciences. It ia the
see of a biahop, and contains raanufactures of
woollens, cotton and silk. The traffic in these,
and in -wine, corn, &c. is greatiy faciUtated by
the new canal from St, Jean de Losne to Dijon,
100 ra. N, Lyons, 176 S, E, Paris, Lon, 6° 2' 6"
Lat, 47° 19' 25" N, Pop. 21,600.
Dilliardsmlk, p-v. Rutherford co. Ten,
DiUenburg, t Westphalia, in the duchy of Nas
sau, on the Dille, 45 ra, N, N, W, Frankfort on the
Maine, Lon, 8° 22' E, Lat. 60° 45' N,
Dillingen, t Bavarian states, onthe left bank of
the Danube, 23 m, N, W, Augsburg, 24 N, E, Ulm,
Lon, 10° 3ff 29" E, Lat 48° 34' 33" N.
DiUsberg, t Baden, on the Neckar, 6 m, E,
Heidelberg.
• Dillsburg, p-v. York co. Pa.
.'. Dill's ferry, f-v. Norhampton co. Pa.
'• Di/a;ortA, tEng. in Lancashire, 2 m.fr. Black
burn.
. DimUsana, t. Morea, on the Erymathus, oppo
site to the ruins ofthe ancient Psophis. 24 ra, N,
W, TripoUzza.
Dinagepore, district, Bengal, between 25° and
26° N. lat bounded N. and W. by Puneah, E. by
.Rungpore and Ghoragot, and S. by Bettooriah.
Dinagepore, the capital, is on an island formed
by the Peraabubah river, and is a place of consid
erable trade. Lon. 88° 40' E. Lat. 26° 37' N.
Dinan, t France, in Cotes du Nord, 13 m, S,
St, Malo, Lon, 2?° 47' W. Lat 48° 27' 16" N.
Pop. 4,170.
Dinan, Anse de, a bay on the coast of France, be
tween Brest road and tiie bay of Douarnenez.
Dinant, t. Netherlands, on the Maese, 14 m. S.
Namur. Pop. 3,630. Lon. 4° 66' E. Lat. 50° 15'
2ff'N. Dinapore, a military cantonement belonging
to tbe British, on the S, bank ef the Ganged, II4

D I S

221

m. W, of Patna, for the defence of which it was
constructed, Lon, 85° 3' E, Lat 25°, 38' N,
Dinasmouthy, t. Wales, in Glamorgan, on the
Dysi, Lon, 3° 38' W, Lat, 62° 34' N.
Dindigul, district of India, between 10° and
11° N, lat, bounded N, by Coirabetoor and Kist
nagherry, S, by Travancore and Madura, W, by
Travancore and Cochin, E, by the Carnatic,
In 1792, it was ceded to the British, and is now
included in the coUectorship of Madura, Dindi-
ful, the capital, is a strong fortress. Lon, 78° 5'
;,Lat 10°22'N.
Dinding, isl, in the, straits of Malacca, Lon,
100° 36' E. Lat, 4° 15' N.-
Dingelfingen, t Bavaria, on the. Iser, 48 ra. N.
E. Munich. Lon, 12° 28' E, Lat. 48° 36' N. Pop.
2,080. Dingle, s-p, Ireland, in Kerry, on the N. coast of
a bay of the sarae name. Lon. 10° 8' W. Lat 62°
8'N. Dingmansburg, t, Miami co. Ohio, on the E.
branch of Great Miami river, below the raouth of
Musquetoe creek, lira, above Piqua, 19 above
Troy. Dingwall, t. Scotland, in Ross co, 19 m. N. In
verness. Lon. 4° 19' W. Lat, 57° 36' N. Pop,
1,500, Dinish, isl, in the Atiantic, near the W, coast of
Ireland, Lat 51° 41' N.
Dinkara, kingdora in the interior of the Gold
coast of Africa, behind Ahantah, It abounds in
gold. Dinkelsbuhlft. Bavarian states, 16 m, S. W,
Anspach, 36 S, W, Nuremberg. Lon. 10° 19' 49*
E. Lat 49° 8' 37" N. Pop. 6,400.
Dinslacken, t. Prussian states, on the Rhine, 5
m, S, E, Wesel, Lon, 6° 47' E, Lat 61° 34' N,
Dinwiddle, co. Va. bounded N. by AppomatoS:
river, which separates it from Chesterfield co.
and inclosed on the other sides by Prince George,
Sussex, Brunswick, Lunenburg, Nottaway and
Amelia counties. Pop. 12,524. Slaves, 7,442.
Chieftown, Petersburg. At the court-house is a
post-office. Djoojocarto, a populous city of Java, capital of
Mataram, 130 m. S. S. W. Saraarang.'
Dippoldiswolda, t. Saxony, 12 m. S. S. W. Dres
den. Lou. 13° 36' E, Lat 50° 53' N.
Direction, Islands of, four small islandi at the
entrance ofthe atraits of Magellan, inthe Pacific.
Lon, 77° 19' W. Lat, 62° 27' S,
Dirham, v, Eng, in Glouceater, 8 m, N, Bath.
Dirmstein, t. Germany, 7 ra, S, S, W. Worms,
Dirschaju, t. Prussia, on the Vistula, 16 ra. S, S.
E, DantziA
Disappointment Bay, on the E, coast of Minda
nao, Lon, 126° 15' E, Lat. 6° 62' N,
Disappointment Bay, in the straits of Magellan,
on the coast of Terra del Fuego, 10 m, S. E, Dol
phin bay.
Disappointment Cape, on the S, coastof the isl
and of Georgia, in the S. Atlantic, Lon, 36° 13'
W, Lat 54° 68' S,
Disappointment Island, one of Duff's groupe, in
the Pacific, Lon. 167° E. Lat, 10° S,
Disappointment Islands, in the Pacific ocean,
Lon, 145° 4' W, Lat 14° 5' 9,
Disappointment Cape, on the N, W. coast of A-
merica, the N, cape at the mouth of Columbia riv
er, Lon. 142° 59' W, Lat 46° 19' N,
Discard, Cape, on the E, coast of Greenland,
Lon, 44° Sff W, Lat 60° 3ff N.

D I X

Disentis, t of the Swis? canton of the Grisons,
Lon, 8° 69' E. Lat 46° 68' N,
Dishne, v. Egypt, 16 m, N, E, Menoaf,
Disko, isl, in Davis' sfraits, in a bay ofthe same
name, Lon, 70° W, Lat- 51° N,
Disley, t. Eng, in Chester, 6 m, S, W, Stockport
Pop, 1,415, '^
Dismal Swamp, atractofraarshy land, commen
cing m the S, E, part of Virginia, and extending
into N, CaroUna. It is 30 miles long frora N, to S,
and 10 broad, and erabraces about 150,000 acres,
generally covered with trees. In the cenfre is
Druramond^s pond, l5 miles in circumference.
The Chesapeake and Albemarle canal passes
throudi the swamp, and is auppUed with water
from Drumraond's pond.
Diss, t. Epg, in Norfolk, 13 m, S, S, W, Nor
wich, Lon, 1° 5' E, Lat 62° 22" N, Pop, 2,690,
Dissais, t, France, in Vienne, 11 m, N, N, E,
Poitiers, Pop, 1,100,
Dissay, t. France, in Sarthe, 9 m, S, E, Chateau
du Loir, Pop, 1,100,
Dissen, v, Hanover, 19 m. S. E. Osnabruck,
Ditmarsen, a district of Holstein, between the
Eyder and the Elbe, The chief tovms are Mel-
dorfandLunden, Ditteah, t Hind, in Bundelcund, Lon, 78° 32'
E. Lat 26° 43° N.
Diu, a celebrated island and fortress of Hind.
in Gujerat, It has a good harbour, and formerly
possessing a Hindoo temple, it rose to great celeb
rity, and became one of the richest places of the
east In 1636, it was taken, by the Portuguese,
'Who fortified it, and made it a place of great trade ;
but iu 1670, it was plundered by the Arabs, and
has now d-windled into insignificance. Lbn, 71°
E, Lat 20° 43' N.
Diu Head, a promontory on the coast of Guze
rat, Lon, 70° 52' E, Lat 20° 41' N„
Divanelly, t Hind, in Mysore, 20 ra, N, Banga
lore. Divaran, one of the Calamianes islands. Lon.
120° 32' E, Lat 8° 12' N,
Dive, r, France, ^hich falls into the English
channel near Dives,
Dividing creek, p-v. Cumberland co. N.J,
Dividing creek, r. Va, which runs between Lan
caster and Northumberland counties into Chesa
peake bay,
Divilican, t. Lucon, at the entrance of Caiguran
bay. Lon, 122° 27' E, Lat 16° 61' N.
Division, p-t Tompkins co, N, Y, 23 ra, E, Au
burn, 170 W, Albany.
Divriki, t A, Turkey, fiO m, N, E. Sivas, 90 N,
Diarbekir, Divy Poin/, on the coast of Cororaandel, Lon,
81° 14' E- Lat, 16° 58' N,
Divy Point, Hind, on the coast of Condapilly,
Lon, 81° 2ff E, Lat, 15° 55' N,
Dixan, t. of Tigrd, in Abyssinia, Lon, 39° 38'
E, Lat, 15° N.
Dixcove, a British fort, on the Gold coast of .\f-
I'ica, at the entrance ofa small cove. 40 m. S. W.
Cape coast Castle.
Dixfield, p-t Oxford co, Maine, on the Andros
coggin, 18 m, N. E. Paris. Pop. 403.
Dixhills, p-v. in Huntington, Suffolk co. N. Y.
Dixmont, p-t. Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m. W,
Bangor. Pop. 337.
Dixmuyden, t Netherlands, 11 m. S. Ostend,
24 E, Dunkirk. Lon. 2° 51' E, Lat, 51° 2" N,
Dixon, t, Preble co. Ohio,

DOC
Dixon's Entrance, straits in the N, Pacific occau,
between Queen Charlotte's island and the conti
nent of N, America.
Dixon's springs, p-v. Smith co. Ten.
Dixville, t Coos co. N. H. 110 m. N. Concord.
Dixvilk, p-v. Henry co. Va.
Dizabad, t Persia, in Irak, 60 m, S, S, E. Ham
adan, Dfzuk, diatrict, Persia, in Mekran.
Dmitrav, t. Eu, Russia, 30 m, N, Moscow, Lon,
37° 35' E.Lat 56° 21' N,
Dneprowsk, t. Eu, Russia, in Taurida, on the
Dnieper, 80 ra, S, S. W. Ekaterinoslav.
Dnieper, (an. Borysthenes,) r. Russia, which ri- ¦
ses in the govemment of Smolensko, and passing
by Smolensko, Orcha, Mohilev, Bobiyow, Kiev,
Crementchong, Ekaterinoslav, Nicopalj and Cher
son, falls into the Blacksea, between Oczakov and
Kinburn. It begins to be navigable above Smo
lensko ; but in the lower part of its course the
navigation is impeded by islands, and about 200
miles frora its mouth, by rapids which continue for
nearly 40 milea ; they are not, however, danger-
oua, except after heavy falls of rain. The length
of its course is 800 miles.
Dniester, or Niester, (au. Th/ras,) r. Europe,
which rises in the Carpathian mountains, in Aus
trian Galicia, and after passing by Tzekinooka,
Rasczcow, Bender, Tiraspol, and other towns,
runs into the Black sea between Ovidiopoland
Akerman. Its navigation has been recentiy im
proved by the Russian govemment, and the Poles
tiow send a considerable portion of the produce of
their soil through its medium, to tile flottriahing
port of Odeaaa, situated on the Black sea, near its
mouth. jDoa, isl. in the Eastern sea, near the W. coast
of Gilolo, Lou, 127° 40' E, Lat 12° 15' N.
Dobberon, t Germany, in Mecklenburg, near
the Baltic, 8 m. N. W. Rostock. Pop. 1,420.
Dobbertin, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg, 12 m.
S. Schwerin. Pop. 750. '
Dobbs, Cape, in Hudson's bay, at the S, side of
the entrance of Wager's river, Lon. 86° 30' W,
Lat. 65° N.
Doboy sound, and inlet, on the coast of Geo.
which receives the N. branch ol the Alatamaha
river. The bar has 14 feet at low water, and is in
lat 31° 20' N,
Dobrawitz, t Bohemia, in the circle of Buntz
lau, 4 m. S, Jung-Buntzlau,
Dobrilugk, t Prussian states, on the river Dober,
34 m, N, Dresden, 56 S. Berlin, Lon. 13° 35' E.
Lat 51° 34' N.
Dobruzi, counti'y, in Bulgaria, extending along
Uie S. bank of the Danube, near its mouth. It is
inhabited by Tartars,
Dabrzyn, t Poland, 65 m, N. N, W, Warsaw.
Dobrsyn, t Poland, 20 m, E, N, E, Thorn,
Dobson's cross-roads, p-v, Stokes co, N. C. *
-Doee -Rio, r. Brazil, rises near Villa Rica, and
running N. and afterwards E. discharges it
self, after a course of about 500 miles, into' the
Atlantic, in lat. 19° Sff S.
Dochart, r. Scotiand, in Perth co. which falk
into Loch 'Tay.
Dockan, one of the Sooloo islands. Lon. 120°
2' E. Lat 5° 58' N. ;
Dackum, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, near the
German ocean, on a canal, which, at high water,. '
brings largeshipa up to the town. It has conside
rable trside in salt, cheese, butter, aiidbeer. Pop. '

DOM
3^100, 33 ra, W, Delfzyl, Lon, 5° 55' E, Lat
53° 20' N,
Dodbrook, t. Eng, in Devon, IS m, S, W, Dart
mouth, Dodana, a celebrated forest of Albania, famous
in ancient times for its oracles, and at present the
refreat of rebellious Albanians,
jDoe, r, E. Africa, which falls into the Indian
sea, lat 30° S, •
¦I)oebeln, t. Saxony, 27 ra, S, E, Leipzic, Lon,
13° 1' E, Lat 51° 7' N, Pop, 4,100.
Doesburg, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, 8
m, S, S, W, Zutphen, Lon. 68° E, Lat 52° 2' N,
Dofar, or Dafar, s-p, Arabia, in Hadramant, in
the Arabian aea, 120 m. N, Cape Fartach,
Dofrcjfield, ridge of mountaina, between Swe
den and Norway, The highest summits are in
Drontheim and Bergen, The greatest elevation
ia 7,620 feet above the level of the sea.
-Dog Islands, on the S, side of the gulf of St.
Lawrence, Lon. 58° W. Lat, 61° 2ff N.
Dog Island, or Desi>en/«ra(ia, isl, in the Pacific,
Lon, 141° 3ff W. Lat 16° 15' S.
Dog, or Cedar river, Alabama, flows into the
estuary of Pascagoula.
Dog river, Alabama, flows into Mobile bay,
about 3 leaguea below the town of Mobile,
Dogger Bonk, au extensive aand-banlc in the
North sea, between the north of Germany and
England, the west end of which extenda nearly
to Scarborough in Yorkshire, and the eastern
within 20 leaguea of the coast of Jutland, It is
much frequented by English and Dutch for the
cod fishery.
Dogliani, t. Piedraont, 20 ra. N. N. E. Mon-
dori. Doiagoi, isl. in the Frozen sea, at the entrance
of Waygat's straits. Lon. 57° 14' E- Lat. 70°
5'N. Daira, r. Piedmont, which falls into the Po.
Dol, t France, in Ille-and- Vilaine, 34 m. N.W,
Rennes. Lon. 1° 45' 3" E, Lat 48° 33' 8" N,
Doke Aqua, t Sardinian states, 16 m. E, N, E.
Nice, Dole, t France, in Jura, on the Doubs, 23 m.
S. W. Besancon, 28 S, E. Dijon, Lon. 6° 30' E,
Lat 47° 6' Ni Pop, 8,250.
Dole La, one of the loftiest parts of the Jura
chain, between the French department of Jura,
and the Swiaa canton of Vaud. Its summit is
66fK) feet above the level of the sea,
Dolgelly, t Wales, in Merioneth, on the Avon,
40 m, S. Caernarvon. Lon. 4° 36' W. Lat 62°
44' N. Pop, 3,064,
Dolhinow, t. Russia, 70 m. E. Wilna,
Dollart Bay, or The Dolkrt, a large arm of the
North aea, extending between East Friesland, and
Groningen, to the mouth of the river Ems,
Dolnitz; I. Saxony, which runs into the Elbe, 15
m. beloW Meiasen,
Doh, II, t in the Venetian territory, 8 m, E. N.
E, Padua, Pop. 8,000.
Dolorskoi, fort, A. Russia, in Kolhyvane, on the
Irkutsk, 16 ra. W. Semipolatnoi.
Dolphin Bay, in the atraita of Magellan, on the
coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon. 76° T W.
Dolphin Cape, a headland, which forms the E,
point of the N. entrance into Falkland's sound.
Doma, r, S. Araerica, which enters the Orinocoj
60 m, above the Meta,
Damaine, Riviere du, r. Lower Canada, which
flows intothe St Lawrence, 6 ra, below the island
Qf Orleans;

DON

223

Domboo, t Africa, on the caravan route from
Mourzouk to Bornou, 200 ra, N, N, W, Bornou.
Domboo, salt lakes, Africa, ou the N. extreraity
of Bornou, and frora which that kingdom, Clasai-
na, and the Statea S. of the Niger, are supplied
with salt
Domboo, t. Africa, on the S. of the Niger, 200
m, S, W, Cassina,
Damesnes, cape, Russia, in Courland, at the en
trance of the gulf of Riga, in lon, 22° 16' E, and
lat, 57° 39' N,
Domfront, t. France, 35 ra, W, N, W, Alencon,
Lon, 34' W, Lat 48° 35'N,
Dominica, isl, in the West Indies, between lat.
15° 10' and 15° 36' N, and between lon. 61° 17'
and 61° 32' W, being 29 raUes long, and 16 broad.
It contains 186,436 acres. The value of its ex
ports, which consist of coffee, sugar, rara, cotton,
and wool,in 1809 was 161,291/. and in 1810 39,686/.
The value of its imports during the same years is
stated at 315,684/, and 282,002/, Pop, in 1805,
26,499, viz, 1594 whites, 2,822 people of colour,
and 22,083 slaves. It belongs to the British,
Dominica, one of the Marquesas islands, 45
milea in circumference, Lon, 139° 3' W, Lat
9° 39' S,
Domits, t, in Mecklenburg, on the Elbe, 34 m,
S, Schwerin, Lon, 1 1° 22' E, Lat, 53° Iff N,
Domitzsch, t. Prussian states, 10 m, S, Witten
berg, Lon. 12° 66' E, Lat, 51° 37' N.
DoBime/, r, Netherlands, which faUs into the
Maese at Fort Crcvecour,
Domstadt, t. Moravia, 10 m, N, E, Olmutz.
Domus, t Hind, in Gujerat, at the mouth of the
Tapty, Lon, 72° 53' E, Lat 21° 6' N,
Don, r. Scotland, rises in the N. W, part oS'
Aberdeen co, and falls into the sea north of Old
Aberdeen, after a course of 62 miles,
Don, (an. Tanais) r. Eu. Russia, rises in the gov
ernment of Tula, and after a winding course of
1,100 miles, empties itself into the sea of Azoph.
Dan, r. Up. Canada, runs into Lake Ontario at
York harbour.
Donaghadee, t Ireland, in Down co. on the
coast ofthe Irish channel, 15 ra. E. Bclfaft. Lon.
5°25'W. Lat 54° 37' N.
Donaldson's, p-v. Rowan co. N. C.
Donaldsonvilk, t. in the parish of Ascensiou,
Louisiana, on the W. bank of the Mississippi, at
the efflux of the Lafourche.
Donoueschingen, t. Baden, lira. W. Duttlin-^
gen. Lon. 8° 30' 26" E. Lat. 47° 57' N.
Donauwerih, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, at the
influx of tha Wernitz, 26 m. N, Augsburg, Lon
10° 47' 3" E, Lat, 48° 43' 16" N,
Donawitz, an arm of the Danube, which unites
that river with the Temesch, above Belgrade-
Donax, v. Piedmont, 3 ra. S. E. Verrez-
Doncaster, t. Eng. in West Riding of Yorkshire,
on the Don. It is well built, and contains an ele
gant church, several houses of worship for dissen
ters, and a theatre, 18 m. N. E. Sheffield, 36 S.
York, and 162 N. London. Lon. 1° 1' W. Lat
53° 27' N, Pop. 6,935,
Donchery, t France, in Ardennes, onthe Maese.
Lon, 4° 53' E, Lat, 49° 41' 50" N,
Donderkom'sPoint,a cape on theE. coastof
Borneo. Lon. 117° 40' E. Lat:0° 45' S,
Dondowang, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon. 118°
E., Lat. 5° 25' S,
Dondra Head, a low point of land, which forms
the S, extreraity of Ceylon, ' Here is a populoua
vUlage, Lon, 80° 40' E, Lat. 5° 50* N,

224

D O O

Donegal, co. Ireland, bounded N. and W. by
the Atlantic, E. by Londonderry and Tyrone, and
S. by Fermanagh and the bay of BaUyahannon. It
containa 1,725 sq. miles. Great part of the sur
face is waste. "The chief town is Lifford. Pop.
200,000. Donegal, t. Ireland, in Donegal co, on a bay of
the sarae name, on the W, coast of the ialand, 9 ra,
N, N, E, BaUyshannon, and 111 N, W. DubUn,
Donegal, t, Lancaster co. Pa. on the N. E, side
ofthe Susquehannah, 18 m. W, N, W, Lancaster,
Pop, 3,516, There is another town of this narae
in Washington co. Pop, 1,327; another in Butler
CO, Pop, 671; and another in Westmoreland co.
Pop, 2,147, ,
Doneraik, t. Ireland, 19 m, N, W, Cork,
Donets, r. Ruaaia, falls into the Don, in the
oountry of the Don Cossacks. It ia navigable to
Izium, Dongen, v. Netherlands, in NorUi Brabant,' 6 m,
E,N,E, Breda,
Donges, t. France, on the Loire, near its raouth.
21 ra. W.N. W.Nantes.
Dongola, or Dankala, t. on the Nile, and cap. of
Nubia, 280 m. S. of Syene. Lon. 32° E. Lat 19°
20' N.
Dongow, t Birman empire, on the W. side of
the Irrawuddy river, 20 m. N. Loonsey.
Donkov, t Russia, in Riazan, on the Don, 560
m. S. S. E. Peteraburgh. Pop. 2,100.
Donna Maria Bay, on the W. coaat of the isl
and of Hispaniola.
Donnington, or Dunnington, Eng. in Lincoln. It
has a good port for barges, which export hemp
and hemp-seed to Boston and the Washea ; lira.
W. S. W. Boaton.
Donnington, v. Eng. in Berks, 2 m. N. N. W.
Newbury. Donnington, or Cas//e Donnington, t. Eng. 18
ta. N. Leicester. Pop. 2,308.
Donskaia, fort, A. Russia, the first of a chain of
posts between the sea of Azoph and the Caspian.
116 m. N. N. W. Ekaterinograd.
Donskaia, fort. A. Russia, on the Don ; 220 ra.
E. N. E. Azoph.
Donski Cossacks, or Cossacks of the Don. See
Cossacks. Donzeres, t. France, in Drorae, 7 m. S. Monteli-
mart Pop. 1,500.
Donsy, t. France, in Nievre, 8 ra. E. Cosne.
Lon. 2° 66' E. Lat. 47° 22' N.
Donsy, t. France, in Loire, with extensive iron
Jorges, 6 m. ,N. E. Feura.
Dao, r. Africa, which falls into the gulf of
^Guinea. Lon. 2° 4ff E. Lat. 6° 2ff N.
Dooab, the narae of several districts of India,
signifying a tract of land between two rivers ;
¦but chiefly applied to the territory between the
Gauges and Jumna, comprehended'in the provin
ces of -Delhi, Agra, and Allahabad. It now be
longs entirely to the Britiah ; and is a fine pro
ductive country, yielding every kind of grain,
tobacco, cotton, indigo, aud sugar, in abundance.
The inhabitants are nearly equally Hindoos and
Mahometans. Dooab A Barry, district, Hind, in Lahore, be
tween the Beyah and Ravey rivers.
Doaabeh Jallinder, district. Hind, in Lahore,
between the Sutteledge and Beyah rivers. It is
esteemed tho moat fruitful of all the Seik posses
sions. Doolabary, t. Bengal, oh the Atri river, Lon,
88° Sff E, Lat, 24° 39' N,

DOR
Doondeakera, t. Hind, in Oude, on the Ganges':
Lon, 80° 4ff E, Lat 26° 12' N,
Doornspyck, v, Netherlanda, in Guelderland,
nearthe Zuyder Zee, 3 m. S, W, Elburg.
Dooryghaut, t. Hind, in Benares, on the Gograr
Lon, 83° 31' E, Lat 26° 16' N,
Dooshak, or JulaUabad, i. Persia, cap, of Seis
tan, Lon, 61° 13' E, Lat 31° 26' N. It contains
2,000 houses.
Dorak, or Felahi, t. Persia, in Kuzistan, cele
brated for the manufacture of Arabian cloaks,
which are exported in greatnumbers. Pop. 8,000,
75 ra. S. Shuster.
Doran, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 28 m. S, Sana.
Lon, 44° 4' E. Lat 14° 66' N,
Dorat, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 28 m, N,
Limoges, Lon, 1° 9' E. Lat 46° 13' N, Pop.
3,100. Dorchester, t. Eng, in Oxford co. on the Thames^.
9 m. E. Oxford, 49 W. N. W. London.
Dorcltester, t. Eng. cap. of Dorset co. There
are 3 churches; 3 alms-houses; a county jaU,
erected after the plan of Mr. Howard, at tiie ex- -
pense of 16,179/. This town ia a borough, re
turning 2 membera to psirliament. Pop. 2,646.
119 m. W. Londou. Lon. 2° 26' W. Lat 50°
43' N.
Dorchester, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of
the St Lawrence, and extending along the E.
bank of the Chaudiere.
Dorchester, t Middlesex co. Up. Canada.
Dorchester, t Grafton co. N. H, 42 m. N, N. W,
Concord, Pop, 637,
Dorchester, t Norfolk co. Mass, 3 m, S, S, E,
Boaton, Pop. 2,930. It is an ancient town, hav
ing been settled in 1630. It contains raany
beautiful country seats, and 4 houses of pubUc
-worship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Meth-
odiats. The peninsula, called Dorchester neck,
borders on Boston harbor, and a part of it is in
corporated with the town of Boston.
Dorchester, t. Curaberland co. N. J, on the E,
side of Morris river, 6 m, from ita mouth, 17 E,
Fafrfield. Dorchester, co, Md. on the eastern shore of the
Chesapeake, bounded N. by Talbot and CaroUne
counties, E. by Dela'ware, S. and W, by Chesa
peake bay. Pop, 18,108, Slaves,5,032. Chief
town, Cambridge, '
Dorchester, p-t. and cap. CoUeton disfrict, S, C,
on Ashley river, 18 m, W. N. W. Charleston.
Dordogne, r. France, which rises in Auvergne,
and falls into the Garonne, at Bourg, 15 m. below
Bourdeaux. The united river takes the name of
Gironde, The course of the Dordogne is above
200 miles,
Dordogne, a department of France, adjoining
the departments of the Gironde, Charente, and
Correze, It contains 3,600 sq, miles, and 425,000
inhabitants. Wine, oil, and cattie, form the
chief articles of export
Dorflingen, v, Switz, 4 m, E, by N, Schaff
hausen. Dorha, or Dradate, port, Africa, on the Bed
sea, with a good harbor, 36 m:N, Suakem,
tiorking, or Darldng, t. Eng, in Surrey, 23 m.
S, S, W, London, Pop, 3,259,
Domach, or Domegg, t. Switz, iu Soleure, 6
m, S, Bale, 20 N, N, E. Soleure,
Domburg, t Gerraany, 5 m, N, Jena. Lon.
11°40'E, Lat 61° 2'N,
Pomhan, t Wirtemberg, in the Black Forest,

D O U
40 m. S, Vf. Stuttgard. Lon, 8° 33' E, Lat, 48°
17' N,
Domheim, t. ofthe grand duchy of Hease, 5 m,
W, Darmstadt
Dornoch, s-p, Scotland, in Sutherland co, on
the N, coast of the frith of Dornoch, 211 m, N,
Edinburgh, Lat 67° 5ff N, Lon, 4° W,
Domstetten, t Wirtemberg, 32 ra, E, Strasburg,
Lon, 8° 36' E, Lat 48° 28' N,
Dorobat, t Arabia, in Yemen, 12 ra. W. Taas,
Doragobush, t Eu, Russia, in Smolensko, on
the Dnieper, 46 m, E. N, E, Smolensko,
Dorpat, t Eu, Russia, in Livonia, A univer
sity haa been established here since 1802, with a
revenue of from 10,000 to 16,000/, sterUng, 65
m. S, W. Narva, 120 N, N, E, Riga, Lon, 25° 28'
9" E, Lat, 68° 22' 45" N. Pop. 4,500.
Dorset, co. Eng. bounded N, by Somerset and
Wilts, E. by Hampshire, S. by the Britiah chan
nel, and W, by Devon and Somerset, It containa
1,129 sq, miles, or 711,270 acres, of which 163,588
are arable, and 300,000 pasture, meadow, com
mon, and downs. Pop, in 1811, 124,693 ; farai
Ues, 26,821, of which nuraber 12,982 were en
gaged in agriculture, and 9,607 in trade and raan
ufactures. Great attention is paid to the breed
ing of sheep, and it is computed that the ciStinty
contains 800,000 of these animals,
Dorset, p-t, Bennington co, Vt 27 m, N, Ben
nington, Pop, 1,294,
Dorsten, t of the grand duchy of the Lower
Rhine, 40 m, S. W, Munster, Lon. 6° 67' 40" E.
Lat 51° 40' 3" N.
Dort, t. Netherlands, in S, Holland, on an isl
and formed by the Maese and the Biesboch, It
was first detached from the mainland by a dread
ful inundation, which happened in 1421, and
breaking down the dykes, swept away 72 villages,
in which 100,000 persona perished, "The situation
is highly favourable for trade, and the harbor suf
ficiently commodious; goods may be landed in
the very heart of the city by means of the canals.
The timber, which is brought in immense floats on
the Rhine from Germany, is either prepared for
different uses in the saw mills which skirt the
-town, or exported unwrouglit to Britain, Spain,
and Portugal. — In 1457, this place was in great
part desfroyed by fire : in 1618 and 1619 was held
the famoua synod of Dort, an asaembly of Protea-
tant divines, which condemned the tenets of Ar-
rainius. 11 ra. S. E. Rotterdam, 36 S. by W. Am
sterdam, Lon, 4° .39' 42" E, Lat 61° 48' 54" N,
Pop, 19,400.
Dortmund, t. Prussian states, in the province of
WestphaUa, on the Ems, 40 m. N, N, E. Cologne,
Lon. 7° 26' 41" E. Lat. 61° 31' 24" N. Pop.
6,000. Dassolo, t. Lombardy, on the Po, 18 ra. S. S. W.
Mantua. Dothon, in Sac. Geog. a place in the N. part of
Samaria, 12 m, N. of the city of Samaria, 44 N.
Jerusalem, 6 W, Tiberias,
Dovarese, t. Lombardy, near the Oglio, 24 ra,
W. N, W. Mantua,
Douarnenez, s-p, France, in Finisterre, 20 m, S,
Brest Lon, 4° 14' W. Lat 48° 5' N,
' Douay, a strong t. France, on the small but
navigatle river Scarpe, It contains a university,
schools for drawing, medicine, and mathematics,
and a physical cabinet, a chemical laboratory," a
botanic garden, and a public library. This place
has long been celebrated for its English schools ;
and a numbor of Roman Catholic youths from
29

D O V

2^S

England and Ireland are sent thither far their e(^,
ucation. Pop. 18,000, 15 m. N. W, Cambray,
83 N. N, E, Paris, Lon, 3° 5' 2" E, Lat 30° SIf
12" N,
Double-bridge, p-v, Lunenburg co, Va,
Double Point, cape, on the N, E. coast of New
Holland, Lon, 214° 1' W, Lat 17° 6ff S,
Doubs, or Doux, i. France, It riaes in the Jura
mountains, and forms, for some distance, the
boundary between France and Switzerland, It
falls into Uie Saone at Verdun. It has long been
in contemplation to connect this river by a canal
with the IU, and thus open a communication be
tween the Rhine and the Rhone.
Doubs, a department of France, bordering on
Switzerland, and watered by the river Doubs-.
Pop, 227,000,
Doudevilk, t. France, in Lower Seine, 25 ra, N.
N, W, Rouen,
Doue, t. Franoe, in Maine-and-Loire, 9 m, S,W.
Saumur, Dove, r. Eng, which falls into the Trent below
Burton, Dove, cape, on the coast of Nova Scotia, Lon,
64° W, Lat 44° 20' N,
Dove Island, small isl, in Torres strait, on the
N, coast of New HoUand.
Dover, s-p. Eng^ in Kent, situated in a valley
alraost surrounded by chalky cliffs. It ia defended
by a strong and spacious castle, including an area
of about 35 acres; and all the neighbouring
heights are fortified. The castie occupies a lofty
eminence, ateep and rugged towards the town and
harbor, and presents a precipitoua cUff 320 feet
higher than the sea. Dover is one of the Cinquo
Ports, and a borough, returning 2 members to
parliament The harbor can receive veaaela of
400 or 500 tons, and is defended by strong batte
ries. It is the principal place of embarkation to
France, and employs 27 packets for that purpose.
The channel is about 22 milej-wide. Samphire is
still gathered from the cliffs, as in the days pf
Shakspeare. Pop. 9,074. 8 m. fr. Deal, 16 fr.
Canterbury, 72 E. S. E. London. Lon. 1° 19' E.
Lat 51° 6'N. ,
Dover, t. Kent co. Up, Canada, on lake St,
Clair, at the niduth of the Thames,
Dover, p-t, and cap, Strafford co, N, H, 12 m,
N. N. W. Portsmouth. Lat 43° 11' N. Lon. 70°
50' W. Pop. 2,228. The village ia at the head
of the tide, on Cocheco river, 4 m. above its
junction with Salmon FaU river. It ia an ancient
town, having been incorporated in 1633, and con
tains a court-house; a jail; a bank; a printing-
office ; and| 2 houses for public worship, 1 for
Congregationalists, and 1 for Friends. It has va
rious mills and manufacturing establishments, and
daily communication with Portsmouth by a pack
et boat. Dover, t Norfolk oo. Mass. on Charles river, 7
m. W, Dedham, 16 S, W, Boston, Pop. 548.
Dover, p-t Dutcheaa co. N. Y. 21 m. E, Pough
keepsie, 100 S. Albany, Pop, 2,146, It contains
2 meeting-houses for Quakers, 1 for Baptists, and
1 for Presbyterians,
Dover, t. Monmouth co. N. J. between Shrews
bury and New Stratford, Pop, 1,882,
Dover, p-t, York co. Pa. on Fox run, which
faUs into Conewago creek, near its raouth in the
Susquehannah. Pop. 1,882.
Dover, p-t. Kent co. Delaware, and cap. of the
State, on jonea' creek, about 5 m. from its mouth
in Delaware bay, 48 m. S. Wilmington, 76 S. S.

226 D O W
W.Philadelphia. Lat. 39° Iff N. Lon. 75° 24'
W. It contains 2 places of public worship, 1 for
Presbyteriansj and 1 for Episcopalians, and more
than 100 houses. There are 4 streets, which in
tersect each other at right angles, and leave in
the centre of the town a spacious square, on the
east side of which is an elegant State-house. —
The town has a lively appearance, and carries on
considerable trade with Philadelphia, chiefly in
flour. Dover, p-t and cap. Stuart co. Ten. on Cum
berland river, 317 m. fr. Murfreesboro'.
Dover, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on lake Erie.
Dover, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Dover tnillt, p-v. Goochland co. Va.
Douglas, V. Scotland, in Lanark, 38 m, S, W,
Edinburgh, Douglas, emaU r, Scotland, which falls into the
Clyife, 7 m. below Douglas,
Douglas, s-p. of the Isle of Man, Pop, 2,631,
Lon, 4° 44' W, Lat 64° 9' N,
Douglass, p-t,Worcester co. Mass, 17 m, S, Wor
cester, Pop, 1,142,
Douglass, t Montgomery co. Pa, on the N, side
of the Schuylkill. Pop. 687,
Douglass, t, Berks eo. Pa, Pop, 660,
Douglas Cope, the W, point at the entrance in
to Cook's inlet Lon. 162° 39' W, Lat 58° 52' N.
Douglas Island, between Admiralty island and
the N. W, coast of America, Lat 58° 16' N,
Douglass-mills, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Douletabod. See Dowlatabad.
Doulevont, t France, in Upper Marne, 9 ra. S,
W. Joinville,
Doullens,t. France, in Somme, 16 m, N.Amiens.
Lon, 2° 25' E, Lat 50° 35' N, Pop. 3,000.
Doune, t. Scotland, in Perthshire, on the river
Teith, near the confluence of the Ardoch, 8 ra.
N. W, Stiriing, 43 W, Edinburgh,
Dour, r. Eng, faUs into the Munnow, 12 m, N,
Vf. Monmouth,
Dour, t, Netherlands, in Hainault, 9 m, W, S,
W, Mons,
Dourdan, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 18 ra,
S, S, W, Versailles,
Dourlach, isl, of the Mediterranean, in the
gulf of Srayma, Lon, 26° 36' E, Lat 38° 31' N,
Douro, or Duero, large r. Spain, which rises on
the borders of Arragon, and flowing W, into Por
tugal, runs into the Atlantic, a little below Oporto,
Douvaines, t. Switz, 14 m. N. E, Geneva,
Douvres, t. France, in Calvados, 9 ra, W,
Cain. Dovy, or Dyffi, r. Wales, falla into Cardigan
hay, about 7 m. N. Aberyatwith,
Douse, La, r, France, which runs into the Adour
below Tartas.
Douzy, t. France, in Nievre, 11 m, E, S, E,
Cosne. Pop, 3,600, ,jr
Dowlatabad, forraerly called Deoghir, a cele
brated city, and fortress, of Hind, in Aurungabad,
It is considered as the key of the Deccan, Lon,
76° 2'E, Lat 19° 52' N,
Down, CO. Ireland, bounded N. by Antrira and
an arm of th^ sea, E, and S, by the Irish sea, and
W, by Armagh, It contains 936 sq. miles, or
559,995 acres. The principal manufarlurea are
linen and mTOlin. Pop, about 200,000, the half
of which arc Roman Catholics,
Down, or Down-Patrick, t. Ireland, cap, of
Down CO, It has a good linen market, and car
ries on considerable trade. It is celebratfed as.

DRA
being the place of St Patrick's interment 20 ms
S, E, Belfast, 74 N. E, Dublm, Lon, 5° 39" W,
Lat 64° 28' N, Pop, 5,000,
Downe, t Cumbrffand co, N, J. Pop. 1,501.
Downham. t. Eng, in Norfolk, on the river
Ouse, 11 ra, S. Lynn,
Downie, t Central Africa, on the Niger, 25' m,
W. S, W, Tombuctoo.
Downingtown, p-t Chester co. Pa. on the E.
side of Brandywine creek, 33 m. W. by N. Phila
delphia. '
Downs, a road in the English channel, lying off
Deal, See Deal.
Downton, t Eng. in Wiltshire, 6 m, S, SaUabu-'
ry. Pop, 2,624,
Daykstown, p-t, Bucks co. Pa. 15 m. N. W.
Newton, 26 N. Phihidelphia.
"^DoylesviUe, p-v. FeUciana co. Louisiana.
Draaiya, t. Arabia, the capital of a new reli
gious sect called Wahabee, 160 leagues S. E. Je
rusalem. Drac, r. France, which falls into the laere near
Grenoble. Dracut, p-t Middlesex co. Mass. on the N. aide
of the Merrimack, at Patucket falls, 28 m. N. N.
W. Boston. Pop. 1,301.
Dradate. See Dorha.
Draga, smaU r. Istria, which falls into the
Adriatic, between Parenzo and Rovigno.
Draganie,T. A. Turkey, in Caramania, which
runs into the Mediterranean, 20 m. N. N.E. Ane-
mur. Dragoe, small t Denmark, iu the island of A-
mack, 6 m. S. E. Copenhagen.
Dragone, r. Naples, which rises on Mount Ve
suvius, and falls into the Samo.
Drogonera, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 13 m. N.
Volturara. Draguignan, t France, cap. t)f the dep. of the
Var, is situated in a fertile and agreeable plain,
35 m. N. E, Toulon. Lon. 6° 28' 38" E. Lat 43^
32' 18" N. Pop. 7,860.
Draha. See Darah.
Drake, a port on the N, W, coast of America.
Lat 37° 58' N,
Drakenstein, a district of the colony of the
Cape of Good Hope, in an extensive vaUey, about
30 or 40 miles from Cape Town, which embraces
some of the most fertUe land in the colony, and in
it are made two-thirds of the wine brought to the
Cape. Drakia, v. Greece, in Magnesia, in the neigh
bourhood of Lariasa,
Drama, t Eu, Turkey, in Macedon, 15 m, K,
E, Emboli,
Drammen, t. Norway, on the Drammer, 20 m.
S. W, Christiania, Pop, 6,000,
Drance, r. Switz, which runa through the Low
er Valais, and falls intothe Rhone, before Uie lat
ter reaches the lake of Geneva,
Dransfeld, t. Hanover, 6 m, S, W, Gottingen,
Dras. See Kishme.
Drnuburg, Upper and Lower, 2 smaU towns of
the Austrian dominions, in Carinthia, The for
mer is in the circle of ViUach, 42 m, E. N. E.
Brixen, 65 W, Clagenfurt, in lon, 14° 42' E, and
lat. 46° 44' N. Lower Drauburg is 112 m, S. S.
W. Vienna. Lon. 14° 53' E. Lat 46° 40' N.
Drave, or Drau, v. which rises near Innichen,
in Tyrol, and separating Croatia and Sclavonia
from Hungary, faUs into the Danube below Es-
selc It is navigable to ViUach.

D R I

D R O

227

brausen, lake, W. Prussia, which communi
cates with the Frische Haf, near Elbingen.
Drayton, t. Eng. in Shropshire, on the river
Tem, 18 m. N. N. E. Shrewsbury. Pop. 3,370.
Dreghorn, v. Scotland, in Ayrahire, 5 m. ' W,
Kilmarnock, Drengfurt, t, E, Pruasia, 48 m. S. E. Konigs
berg. Drennelburg, t. Hease Cassel, 18 m. N. N. W.
Caasel. ,
Drenthe, province of the Netherlanda, bounded
N. by Groningen, S. by Overyasel, W. by Fries
land. It contains 46,480 inhabitants, on 818 sq,
miles, Drepano, (an. Panormm,) a bay and harbor of
the Morea, in the gulf of Lepanto, 64 m, W. by
N, Corinth,
Dresden, city, Germany, cap, of Saxony, and
one of the beat built towns in Europe, is beauti-
fuUy situated on both sides of the Elbe, at the
influx of the Weisaeritz, Thia city has long been
noted for the fine arts ; the collection ofthe works
of great masters, affording inducements for artists
to repair thither. It contains 11 Lutheran church
es, 2 Catholic, and 1 Calvinist The reyal pal
ace, a spacious but irregular structure, baa a
tower 365 feet in height, and a number of re
markable apartraents,particularly the weU known
green -vault, divided into 8 rooms, all paved with
marble, and containing statues, ivory work, sil
ver plate, vases, and precious stones. Among
the other pubUc buildings and institutions, are
the arsenal ; the Dutch and Japanese pEdace,
which contains the royal library, said to con
sist of 150,(X)0 voluraes ; an acaderay for cadets
of noble faraily; a military school ; and the house
©f industry, which finds employment for more
than 3,000 individuals. The principal manufac
tures are those of mirrors, tapestry, lace, jewel
lery, porcelain, earthenware, and in particular,
of plaited straw. The population of Dresden has
been for some time diminishing. In 1756, it was
63,000; in 1788, 53,000; m 1801, 48,000; in
1811, 45,000. On the 26th and 27th August,
1813, the combined Ausfrian and Russian army
attacked the city, but were obliged to retire ; but
it was afterwarda obliged to capitulate on 6th No
vember, 1813, 65 ra, S. E, Leipaio, 81 N. N, W,
Prague, 100 S. E, Berlin, Lon, 13° 43' 1" E,
Lat 51° 2' 50" N.
Dresden, p-t, Lincoln co. Maine, on both sides
of the Kennebec, 8 m. N. W. Wiscasset. Pop.
1,096. ^
Dresden, p-t, Muskingum co, Ohio, on the
Muskingum, 15 ra, N, ZanesviUe,
Drevx,t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, 45 m. W,
S, W, Paris, 65 S. S, E, Rouen, Lon. 1° 21' 39"
E, Lat 48° 44' 17" N, Pop, 6,450,
Dribentz,r. Pruasia, which runs into the Vistu
la, 6 m, S, E, Thorn,
Driburg, t of the Prussian states, in West
phaUa, 10 ra, N. E, Paderbom, Lon, 9° 0' 21" E
Lat 51° 44' 31" N,
Driesen, t Pruaaiah atatea, on the Netze, 62 ra.
E, N. E, Custrira, Lon, 16° 49' E, Lat 52°
SO'N, Driffield, Great, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 23 ra, fr,
Hull, Drighlington, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 5 ra, fr,
Leeds, Drimana Point, cape, Ireland, on the N, coast
of the bay of Donegal, 3 m. E, Killybegs.

Drin, r. which runs into the Save, 32 m, W,
Sabacz. Drino, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs by seven
mouths into the Adriatic, below Aleaaio, forming
several ialanda, and a gulf called the gnlf of Dri
no. It is navigable for large rafts for nearly 100
miles, Drino, r, Eu, Turkey, which separates Bosnia
from Servia, and falla into the Save, below Dri-
novar. Dripping springs, p-v. W'arren co. Ken.
Drissa, t. Eu, Russia, in Witepsk, on the Dwi
na, at the influx of the Drissa, 20 ra, W, N, W,
Polotzk, 272 S, St. Petersburg,
Drogheda, s-p, Ireland, in Louth, intersected
by the river Boyne, The harbor has a bar at the
entrance, which ships of burden caunot pass, ex;-
cept at high water. Conaiderable trade ia cair-
ried on in the exportation of corn, and in the im
portation of coals, which are distributed into the
interior by means of a canal, Drogheda returns
one raember to the imperial parliament. Pop,
15,000, 23 m. N, Dublin, Lon, 6° 22' W, Lat
53° 43' N,
Droitwieh, t. Eng, in Worcester, on the Sal-
warpe. Here is a canal, about 6 milei long,
which admits vessels of 60 tons, and communi
cates with the river Severn. It contains extensive
salt-works, from which 700,000 bushels are ob-
tained annually. The springs are found about
110 feet below the surface, and the brine contains
about one-fourth of its own weight in salt Droit
wieh is a borough, returning 2 members to par
liament Pop. 2,079. 6 ra. N. N. E. Worcester,
118 W, N, W, London, Lon, 2° 2' W. Lat, 52°
18' N,
Dromcliff, v. Ireland, 3 m, N, SUgo,
Drome, r, France, which falls into the Rhone,
between Montelimart and Valence.
Drome, department of France, bounded by the
departments of the laere. Upper Alps, Lower
Alps, and Vaucluse : the Rhone washes it on the
west Pop. 253,500. Valence is the capital. -
Dromera, a-p, on the Ivory coast of Africa, 120
m. N, E. Cape Palmas,
Dromore, t Ireland, Down co. 15 m, S, W, Bel
fast, 66 N, DubUn,
Dramare, p-t Lancaster co. Pa, on the E. side of
the Suaquehannah, 17 m. S, Lancaster, Pop, 1,295,
Dronero, t. Piedmont, 42 m, W, N, W, Coni,
Pop, 6,350,
Dronfkld, t. Eng, in Derbyshire, 6 ra. N, Ches
terfield, Drontheim, the raost northern of the four grand
baillagea or dioceses of Norway, and situated on
the W, coast, between Bergen, Aggerhuua, the
Swedish frontier, and Norrland, Pop, in 1769,
105,238, and in 1814, 138,690,
Drontheim, t, Norway, formerly the capital, is
on an arm of the aea, by which th© town is nearly
surrounded, The situation ia very favourable for
trade, being the point of union of 4 great vaUies
in Norway, and not inconvenient for communica
tion with Sweden, The entrance of the harbor is
hazardous, but the interior is perfectly safe. The
chief exports are copper, iron, timber, and fish.
The imports consist chiefly of groceries, cloths,
wine, and corn. Pop, in 1814, 8,832, 235 m, N.
E, Bergen, 270 N, W, Stockholm, Lon, 10° 23'
E, Lat 63° 25' N,
Drosendorf, t. and district. Lower Austria, on
the Theya, 46 ra, N. W. Vienna, Lon. 15° 34' E,
Lat 48° 45' N.

228

D S J

DUB

Drossen, t Prussian States, New Mark of Bran
denburg, 14 m, E, Frankfort on the Oder, Lat
52° 30' N.
Drowned Lands, a ti'act of low land, in Orange
CO, N, Y, extending on both sides of WallkiU
creek 10 miles, with a breadth of from 3 to 5
miles. They are overflowed in winter, and when
drained are very fertile.
Drowned Meadow, p-v, in Brookhaven, Suffolk
CO. N, Y, 3 ra, E, gtony-brook,
Draylsden, t Eng, in Lancashire, 3 m, fr, Man-
Chester, Drumlanrig, v, ScoUand, in Dumfries-shire, 13
m, N. W. Dumfries.
Drundithie, v. Scotiand, in Kincardine, 74 m.
fr. Laurencekirk.
Drummond's Island, lies in lake Huron, N. A-
.merica, at the mouth of the strait leading into
lake Superior, 4 or 5 railes from the Canada shore,
36 N.E. Mackinaw. Lat 46° 23' 58" N. Itis
45 miles in circumference. Ou the S. side is a
spacious harbor, one of the best on the lake, shel
tered from every wind, and entered by two nar
row deep channels. Here is a British garrison of
about 140 men. Many thousand Indians of vari
ous tribes, within the region extending S. W. and
N, W, 5 or 600 miles, resort annually in the sum
mer, to Drumraond's ialand, to receive presents
from the British Government, The annual value
of these presents, besides a large sum in provis
ions, is at least 4,000/. aterUng, bestowed on the
Indians as a re'S'ard for their services during the
late 'war,
Drummondtown, p-t. and cap. Accomac co. Va.
20 m. fr. Belhaven, 207 fr. Richmond.
' Drunen, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 15
m. E. N. E. Breda.
Drusenheim, t. France^ in Lower Rhine, 15 ra.
N. E. Strasburg.
Druses, a free and 'n'arlike race of people of
Syria, who inhabit the Castravan mountains, Leb
anon, Anti-Lebanon, and all the c6ast from Gibail
to Saide, and E. as far as Balbed. Their country
is about 100 sq. leagues in extent, and contains
120,000 inhabitants,- of whom about 40,000 are
able to bear arms. They are divided into a num
ber of religious sects, some of which entertain
very peculiar opinions. The government seems
to be a mixed form, in which the emir or prince is
the chief, uniting in his own person the civil and
miUtary powers. The Druses are in gfeneral
fierce, restless, and enterprising : their bravery
even approaches to temerity. They pay tribute
to the Turks,
Druten, v, Netherlands, 8 ra. W. N. W. Nime
guen. Druyn, t on the Ivory coast of Africa, at the
mouth of the river St. Andrew. Lon. 4° 5' W.
Dryburgh, v. Scotland, on the Tweed, in Ber-
¦Wickahire. Dryden, p-t. Tompkins co. N. Y. on Seneca
lake, 35 m. S. Auburn, 170 W. Albany. Pop.
1,890, Drygallen, t. E. Prussia, 24 m. S. W. Oletzko,
Lon, 22° 6' 25" E, Lat. 63° 4ff 29" N.
Dryridge, p-V. Pendleton co Ken,
Dschaabar. Sec Giabbar.
Dsjar, s-p, Arabia, in Hedsjas, on the Red sea,
supposed to be the Esiongeber raentioned in
scripture, 67 m, W, Medina. Lat. 33° 36' N.
• Dsjobla, t. Arabia, in Yemen, 60 m. N. E.
Mocha, Dsj(if, an extensive province of Arabia, in Ye

men, divided into 3 districts. Mareb is its prin
cipal town.
Duanesburg, p-t Schenectady co. N. Y. 23 m.
W. Albany. Pop. 3,062. It is an elevated fraot,
being 400 or 500 feet above the level of the Hud
son, and'coramands a raost extensive prospect. In
Mad creek, a branch of Norman's luU, there is a
perpendicular fall of 70 feet.
D'uara, t. Austrian Dalmatia, 20 m. E. N. E.
Spalatro. Lon. 15° 20' E. Lat 43° 23' N.
Duben, t. Prussia, on the road from Leipzic to
BerUn, and on the banks ofthe Mulda. Popula
tion 2,200. 18 miles N, E. Leipzic, and 18 S. E.
of Wittenberg. Lon. 12° 36' E, Lat 51° 26' N.
Duiitza, t. and fort, Eu. Turkey, on the Unna,
near its influx into the Save, and opposite the
Austrian town of the sarae narae. Pop. 6,000.
12 m, N, E, Koatainitza. Lon. 16° 46' E. Lat 45°
11' N.
Dublin, CO, Ireland, bounded E. by the Irish sea,
N. by Meath, W. by Meath and Kildare, and S.
by Wicklow. It contains 365 square nules, or
228,21 1 acres. The southern part of the county
ia rocky and mountainous, in other parts it is flat
In the vicinity of DubUn the lands are fertile and
luxuriant, but in more remote parts agriculture is
not in a flourishing state. Pop. in 1790, 210,000.
Dublin, the mefropolis of Ireland, is situated on
both sides of the Liffey, -within a mile of Dublin
bay, whi ch is ofa circular form, and about six nules
in diameter. Though spacious, thia bay is not safe,
being exposed to winds from the E, aud S. E. but
tliis defect has been in part obviated byaverystrong
wall of cut stone, extending 3 miles dfrectly into
the bay. The Liffey is embanked on either side
with a noble waU of freestone, forming a range of
beautiful andspaciousquays through the whole<;ity.
Besides the advantages resulting from the vicinity
of Dublin to the sea, there are two canals which
terminate here, and open an extensive inland com
munication with various seaports at oppoaite ex
tremities ofthe ialand. These canals are naviga
ted by boats of 60 tons burden, aud by means of
them extensive districts in Ireland are suppUed
with foreign goods from Dublin. The amount of
import duties alone, paid here iu 1817, was
945,000/. Few cities can boast of a greater num
ber of magnificent aud useful buUdmgs ; among
these are the castie, near the cenfre of the city ;
the Royal Exchange, a beautiful edifice, of Port
land stone ; the Comraercial buUdings ; the new
ly erected Corn-exchange ; the Linen hall, a vast
and massy pile of buildiugs, forming a magazine
for thia ataple manufacture of Ireland ; the cus
tom house, finished in 1790, at an expense of
255,000/, ; the government wet docks ; the stamp
office and post office ; Nelson's pillar, a fluted
column 130 feet high ; Uie ParUament-house, now
converted into the national bank; the court of
justice, and Trinity coU^e, Trinity coU^e is a
university founded by queen Elizabeth, and con
sisting of a provost, seven senior and eighteen jun
ior fellows, and seventy scholars. Besides theae,
there are vai'ious royal, and privately endowed as
well as university professorships. Graduates and
students in any one of the three universities of Ox
ford, Cambridge, and Dublin, are by estabUshed
usage admitted ad eundem ineitherof the other two.
The number of students in 1818 was 1,209. The
library contains 68,946 volumes. The university
sends one member to parUament Dublin con.
tains 19 parishes, 2 cathedrals, 19 parish church
es,' besides several chapeils of the established rclf-

D U F

D U M

229

gion ; 2 meetiug-houaes of the Church of Scotiand,
7 of other dissenters, 4 of Methodists, 2 of Qua
kers, 1 Lutheran Danish, 1 French Caivinist, and
about 26 Roman Catholic chapels. The city of
Dublin returns two members to parliament.
Housea, 16,458. Pop. 187,939. 60 m. W. Holy
head in Wales, 330 N. W. London. Lon. 6° 15'
W. Lat 63° 21' N.
Dublin, p-t Cheshire co. N. H. 34 m. S. W.
Concord, 12 E. S. E. Keene. Pop. 1,184. In
this town is Grand Monadnock mountain.
Dublin, t. Huntilgdon co. Pa. Pop. 970.
Dublin, t, Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 820.
Dublin, Lower, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop.
2,194. Dublin, ^>per, t. Montgomery co. Pa. 10 ra. N.
E. Philadelphia. Pop. 1,050.
Dublin, p-t and cap. Laurens co. Geo. on the
W. bank of the Oconee, 65 m, fr, Milledgeville,
Dublin, t Franklin co, Ohio, on Scioto river,
12 m, N. W, Columbus,
Jiubno, t Eu, Russia, in Volhynia, on the Irwa,
Pop, 6,600, The majority are Jews, who CEury
on an extensive trade in cattle, wood, and raw
produce, 24 m, S, S, E, Lucko. Lon, 32° 45' 38"
E, Lat 43° 21' 55" N,
Duboi, t Hind, in Gujerat, Lon, 73° 35' E,
Lat, 22° 4' N,
Dubois, CO, Indiana,
Dubosari, t, Eu, Russia, in Cherson, on the
Dniester, 30 m, N, W, Bender,
Dubase's ferry, p-v, Sumpter co, S. C,
Dvbrouna, t Eu, Russia, in Mohilev, on the
Dnieper, Pop, 2,400, 60 m, N, Mohilev,
Dubrovnik. See Ragusa.
Ducato, Cape, in the Ionian sea, the S, point of
the island of Santa Maura,
Duchat, small r. Indiana, flows from the N, into
the Wabash, between Fort Harrison and Tippe
canoe creek,
Duchene, r. Lower Canada, runs from the N,
into the St, La-wrence opposite Isle Jesus, Lon,
71° 54' W. Lat 46° 46' N,
D'uchenparoh, t. Cashmere, Lon, 74° 58' E.
Lat 34° 51' N.
Duck, r. Tennessee, which rises on the W. aide
ofthe Cumberland mountains, and running N. W.
flows into the Tennessee 57 m. W. Nashville, in
lat 36° N. It is navigable for boats 90 mUes. ,
Duck river, small r, Michigan Territory, which
flows into tiie W, side of Green-bay, about 3 raUes
from Fort-Howard,
Duck creek. See Smyma.
Duck creek, hundred, Kent co, Del, Pop. 3,690.
Duck creek, Ohio, runs into Ohio river, a mile
above the mouth ofthe Muskingum.
Duckirifield, t. Eng. Cheshfre, 6 m. N. E. Stock
port Pop. 3,053,
Duddingston, v. Scotland, Edinburgh co,
Duderstadt, t Hanover, 14 m, E, N, E, Gottingen,
Dudley, t. Eng, in Worceater co. The inhabi
tants are principally engaged in the manufacture
of nails and other articles of iron. Pop, in 1811,
13,925, 84 m, W, Birmingham, and 118 N, W,
London, Dudley, p-t, Worceater co. Mass, 20 ra, S,
Worcester, Pop, 1,226.
Dudswell, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
St Francis river, 20 m, N. E, Ascot,
Duero. See Douro.
Duff Point, cape, in Broughton'a archipelago,
on the N, W, coast of America, Lat, 50° 48' N.
Duff'sforh,]f-Y. Fayette $0. Ohio,

Duff's Group, islands, 11 in number, in the Pa
cific ocean, discovered by capt, Wilson, in hi»
missionary voyage in the ship Duff. Lon, 167*
E, Lat, 9° 67' S,
Dugga, (an Thugga) t, Tunis, 70 m, S, S, W.
Tunis, Duin, s-p, Carniola, in the gulf of Trieste 8 m,
N, W, Trieste, Lon. 13° 37' E, Lat 46° 53' N,
Duino, r. Quito, which falls into the Aguarico
in Lon, 76° 6' W, lat, 0° 4' N,
Duisburg, t, Prussian atatea, on the Rhine, 13
m, N, Dusseldorf, and 35 N, W, of Cologne, Lon,
6° 46' 39" E, Lat 51° 26' 4" N, Pop, 4,000,
Duke's CO. Mass. comprises Martha's Vineyard
island, Chabaquiddick ialand, Neman's island aud
the EUzabeth Islands, Pop, 3,290, Chief town,
Edgartown, Duke of Gloucester's Islands, 2 small ialanda in
the Pacific ocean, Lat 20° 38' S. Lon, 146° W.
Duke of York's Island, in the Pacific ocean, ly
ing in St, George's channel, -which divides New
Ireland and New Britain. Lon. 161° 20' E. Lat.
4° 9' S. There is another island of this narae in
lon. 187° 3ff E. Lat 7° Sff S. Another cluster
of ialands in lon. 227° 15' to 228° 15' E. lat. 55° 5ff
to 56° 34' N.
Duke's To'wn. See Old Calabar.
Duke, r. Costa Rica, which runs into the Span
ish raain. Lon, 84° 16' W, Lat 8° 33" N,
Dulce, a river of Brazil, which runa into the
Atlantic in lat 16° S,
Dulce Gulf, on the coast of Ve^ Paz, connect
ed by a sfrait with the bay of Honduras, Lon.
89°60' W, Latl6°18'N,
Dukigno, a-p, Eu, Turkey, in Upper Albania,
on the Adriatic, 17 m, S, W. Scutari, Lon, 18°
56' E, Lat 42° 23' N.
Duleek, v. Ireland, Meath co, 6 ra, S, S, W,
Drogheda, DuUcen, t. Pruasian states, 20 m, N, N, W, Ju-^
liers. Pop, 4,000.
Dulmen, t, Westphalia, 16 m, S, W, Munster,
Lon, 7° 16' E, Lat 61° 6ff N,
Dulverton, t, Eng, in Somerset, 13 m, fr. South
Moulton, Dulwich, V. Eng, in Surrey, 6 m, S, E. London.
Dumbarton, co. Scotlaud, bounded N. by Perth-
ahire, E. by Stirling and Lanark, S. by the river
Clyde and Renfrewahire, and W. by Lochlong, an
arm of the sea,, and by Argyleshire. It consists
of two detached portions, separated by an interval
of six milea. It contains 230 square miles, or
147,000 English acres. Pop, in 1811, 21,739.
Upwards of 3,000 persons of both sexes are em
ployed inlmanufacturea,
Dumbarton, t, Scotland, cap, of Dumbarton co,
is situated near the confluence ofthe Leven with
the Clyde, The principal raanufacture is crown-
glass, in which 300 peraons are eraployed, and
about 17,000 tons of coal consumed annually.
The ancient castle of Dumbarton ia on a lofty and
precipitous roclf, and was formerly considered as
the key to the West Highlands. Pop. 3,170. 15
m. W. Glasgow.
Dwmboo. See Domboo.
Dumfries, co. ScoUand, bounded N. by Lanark,
E. by Peebles, Selkirk, and Roxburgh, S. by the
Solway frith and the EngUah border, and W. by
the counties of Kirkcudbright and Ayr. It con
tains 1,023 square miles, or 644,385 acres.
Pop. inl811, 62,960. Familiea, 12,694 ; of which
number 3,862 were engaged in agriculture, and
4,435 in trade and manufactures.

230

DUN

Dumfries, a royal burgh in Scotland, cap. of
Dumfries co. is on the Nith, about 9 milea from its
influx into the Solway frith. Pop. 9,262. 76 m.
S. S. E. Glasgow, 71 S. S. W. Edinburgh.
Dumfries, p-t port of eaitry and cap. Prince
William co, Va. on the N. side of Quantico creek,
4 miles above its entrance into the Potomac, 33 m.
S. Washington, 90 N. Richmond. Lon. 77° 28'
W. Lat 38° 40' N. The public buildings area
courthouse and jail, and a church. Theamount
of shipping in 1815, was 1,743 tons.
Dummar, t. Syria, 4 ra, 'W, Damascus,
Dummer, t, Coos co. N, H, 95 m, N, Concord.
Dummersee, sraall lake of Westphalia, between
the territories of Munster, Osnabruck and Die-
pholtz. Dummerston, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Con
necticut river, 5 m. N. Brattieboro', 38 S. Wind
aor. Pop. 1,704.
DitTnpa/is, apacious bay on the W. coast of Ce-
lebea. Dun le Roi, t France, in Cher, on the Auron,
15 ra. S. E. Bourgea. Lon. 2° 34' 21" E. Lat 46°
53' 5'' N-
Dunaburg, t Eu. Ruaaia, in Witepsk, on the
Dwina, 80 ra. W. N. W. Potolsk, 256 S. S. W. St
Petersburg. Lon. 26° 14' E, Lat 56° 6' N,
Dunamunde, fort, Russia, on the Dwina, at the
influx of thatriver into the gulf of Riga, 15 m. N,
W, Riga, Lon. 23° 4ff E, Lat 57° 6' N,
Dunan, Point, cape on the S, W, coast ofthe
isle of Skye, Lon, 6° 14' W, Lat, 57° 9' N.
Dunbar, s-p, ScoUand, in Haddington, at the
mouth ofthe frith of Forth, The harbour is safe,
but of difficult access. West from the harbour
stands the venerable ruins of the castie. Pop, in
1819, 4,499 ; 27 ra, E, Edinburgh,
Dunbarton, t, HUlsborough co, N, H, on the
Merrimack, 9 ra, S, W, Concord, 18 N, Amherst
Pop, 1,266,
A Dunbeath, r. Scotland, in Caithness, which runs
into the sea 8 ra. N, E, of Uie Ord of Caithness.
Dunblane, t. Scotiand, in Perth co, on the Al
lan, Pop, 2,733 ; 6 ra, N, Stirling, 41 N, W, Edin
burgh, Lon, 3° 59' E, Lat 56° 12' N,
Duncan's Canal, inlet on an island off the N,
W, coaat of Araerica, in lat. 56° 68' N,
Duncan! s Passage, strait between the Great
and EitUe Andaman ialanda,
Duncannon, t, and fort, Ireland, in Wexford, 6
m, fr. Waterford,
Duncansboro' , t. Orleans co, Vt. on Lake Mem
phramagog; 48 m. N, MontpeUer, Pop, 112.
Duneansbay Head, cape, Scotland, the N. E,
exfremity of the ialand of Great Britain, Lon, 2°
53' W, Lat 58° 33' N.
Duneansvilk, p-v, Barnwell co, S. C,
Dunda Rajpour, s-p. Hind, 36 m, S. Bombay,
Dundah Rajipore s-p. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon.
72° 55' E, Lat 18° 19' N,
Dundalk, s-p, Ireland, in Louth co, oniDundalk
bay, in the Irish channel. Pop, 15,(X)0, 40 m. N,
DubUn, Lon, 6° 23' W, Lat. 64° 12' N,
Dundas, co. Up, Canada, on the St. Lawrence,
between Greenville co, on the W, and St Ormont
CO, on the E,
Dundas Island, on the N, W, coast of Araerica,
Lat 64? 30' N,
Dundee, s-p, Scotiand, in Forfarshire, on the N,
bank of the frith of Tay, 12 ra, fr, its mouth. The
harbour is commodious, and has I'dtoly been ira-
jroved. About 164 vessels belong to the port,
which employ nearly 1,300 seamen. The inhab-

D tJ N
itants are chiefly engaged in the linen manufac
ture. Considerable quantities of sack cloth and
cotton bagging are also made for exportation. Pop.
in 1811, 30,989 ; 40 m, N, Edinburgh, Lon, 3° 2'
55" W, Lat 66° 27' 23" N,
Dundonald, v. Scotland, in Ayrahfre, 34 m, S.
Irvine. Dundrum, v. Ireland, iu Down co, 6 m. S, W.
Downpatrick. Dunes, t France, in Lot and Garonne, 9 m. S.
E. Agen.
Dunfermline, t Scotiand, in Fifeshfre, about 24
m. N. of the frith of Forth. It has been long fa
moua for different branches of weaving, but par
ticularly of table linen. The number of looms
eraployed in thia branch in 1818 was 1,500. The
average value of the linen manufactured here is
120,000/. yearly. Quantities of cotton goods, are
likewise wove for Glasgow and Paisley. Dun-
ferraline is a royal burgh. Here are the remains
ofthe most celebrated abbey in Scotland. Pop.
6,000 ; 16 m. N. W. Edinburgh.
Dungally, t. on the W. coast of Celebes.
Dunganjum, t Ireland, Tyrone co. Pop. 4,000,
11 m, N. Armagh, 72 N. W. Dublin.
Dungarvan, t. Ireland, on a bay, 21 m, W, S.
W, Waterford. Lon, 7° 39' W, Lat 52° 5'N.
Dungen, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 4
m. E, S. E. Oosterhout
Dungeness, cape, Eng. in the EngUsh channel,
Lat 50° 55' N.
Dungeness, New, point on the N. W. coaat of
AmericEi, at the entrance of the gulf of New Geor
gia, Lat 48° 16' N.
Dungeness Point, cape, at the E. entrance into
the sfraitsof Magellan. Lon, 68° 28' W. Lat 52°
28' S,
Dungiven, v, Ireland, 14 m, E. Londonderry,
Dunham, t Bedford co. Lower Canada, on the
S, W, branch ofthe Yamaska. It is a fertile tract
of country. Pop, 1,600.
Dunheved. See Launceston.
Dunkord, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,055,
Dunkardstown. See Ephrata,
Dunkeld, t, Scotland, in Perth, on the N. bank
of the Tay. It was formerly the capital of Cale
donia. The principal manufactures are linen
and yarn. Pop. 1,260 ; 15 m. N. Perth, 65 N.
Edinburgh. Dunkirk, s-p, in French Flanders, It is the on
ly harbour of France, in the North sea, and the
most convenient port for receiving the numerous
merchantmen captured in time of war from the
English and Dutch, Large sums have been spent
on the fortifications, and in forming a harbour and
docks. It ia a place of considerable frade. It 'was
restored to the privilege of a free port in 1816 ; 25
ra, N, E, Calais, and 40 N, W, LiUe, Lon, 2° 22'
37" E, Lat, 51° 2' 9" N. Pop, 26,000,
Dunkirk, v, in Porafret, Chatauque co, N, Y, on
Lake Erie, 7 miles from the head of Casada lake,
46 ra, fr, Buffalo, It affords the only harbor on the
lalce between Buffalo and Erie, At thia place
there is a portage between the waters of Lake
Erie and those of Ohio river of only 7 miles to
Casada Lake.
Dunkirk, t King and Queen co. Va. 25 m. S.
Portroyal, 1 16 fr. 'Waahington.
Dunklin's, p-v. Newbury co. S. C.
Dunlavin, t. Ireland, Wicklow co. 10 m. N. E,-
AUiy, 32, fr, Dublin,
Dunleary, s-p, Ireland, 6 m, fr, Dublin,
Dunlop, V, Scotland, in Ayrahire, 5 m. S, Beith.

DUR

DUR

231

Dwamanaway, t Ireland, 23 m,S. W, Cork.
Dunmannus Bay, on the S. W. coaat of Ireland.
Lon. 9° 40' W. Lat. 51° 30' N.
Dunmore Head, cape on the W. coast of Ire
land, said to be the most western land in Europe,
Lon, 9° 35' W, Lat 52° 6' N,
Dunrrmw, Great, t Eng, iu Essex, 37 m, N, N.
E, London, Pop, 2,016,
Dunmow, Littk, v, Eng, in Essex, Pop, 264 ; 2
m, E, Great Dunmow,
Dunnet, bay and promontory, Scotland, in
Caithness, Dunnet head is found, according to
aome observations, to be the moat N, point of
Britain. Dunning, v. Scotland, in Perthshire, 9 m. W.
S. W. Pertii.
Dimning, St. or Malta, p-v. Saratoga co. N. Y.
Dunnase, cape, on the S. E, side of the isle of
Wight Lon, 1° 11' W, Lat 50° 37' N.
Dunnottar, v, Scotland, in Kincardine.
Dunnsburg, p-v. Lycoming co. Pa,
Dunoon, v. Scotland, in Argyleshire, on the
W, aide ofthe frith of Clyde,
Dunse, t, Scotiand, in Berwick, Pop, 2,6(X),
15 m. W, Berwick upon Tweed, 42 S, E. Edin
burgh, Dunstable, t Eng, in Bedfordahire, Pop, 1,616,
20 m. S, Bedford, 33 N. N, W, London,
Dunstable, p-t Hillaborough co, N, H, on the
W. aide of Merriraack river, 12 m, S, E, Amherst,
40 N, W, Boston, Pop, 1,049,
Dunstable, t. Middlesex co. Mass, on the S, side
of the Merrimack, 37 m, N, W, Boston, Pop,
475, Dunstable, t. Lycoming co. Pa, Pop, 515,
Dunster, t. Eng, in Somerset, Pop, 868, 21 m,
W, Bridgewater.
Dunwich, t Eng. in Suffolk, on the sea ooast, i-
30 m. N. E. Ipsvrich.
Dunwick, t Middlesex co. Up. Canada, on
Lake Erie.
Dupage, lake, Indiana, is the expansion of the
river Des Planes, 5 miles before it meets the Kan
kakee. «
Duplin, CO. in Wilmington district, N. C. Pop.
7,863. Slaves, 2,416. Chief town, Sarecto. At
the court-house is a post-office. 55 m. N. Wil
mington. Duplin, Old, p-v. Duplin co. N. C.
Dupplin, V. Scotland, in Perthshire, 5 m. fr.
Perth. Duquella, a fertile province of Morocco, about
75 miles in length, and 60 in breadth.
D'uquesne, Fort. See Pittsburg.
Duralde,v. S. America, in Tucuman, on the
post road between Buenos Ayres and Potosi, 987
m. N. W. Potoai.
Durance, r. France, emptiea into the Rhone be
tween Avignon and Tarascon.
Durand t Coos co. N. H. 77 m. N. Concord.
Durango, t. Spain, in Biscay, 15 m. E. Bilboa.
Durango, an intendancy of Mexico. It ia
bounded N. by New Mexico, E. by San Luia Po-
-tosi ; S. by Zacafecaa and Guadalaxara, and W.
by Sonora. It contains 129,947 jq. miles, and on
ly 159,700 inabitants.
Durango, t. Mexico, in the intendancy of Du
rango. It is the residence ofthe intendant and of.
a bishop. 170 leagues N. W. the city of Mexico.
Pop. 12,000.
Durant's bay, inlet, on the coast of Ni C. in Al
bemarle sound. Lon. 76° 16' W. Lat, 35°40'N.

Durant's Island, small isl. in Albemarle sound,
N. C. Lon. 76° 15' W. Lat. 35° 46' N.
Durant's Point, cape, on the coast of N. Caro
lina, in Albemarle sound. Lon. 76° 30' W. Lat,
36° 6'N,
Duras, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 10 m,
N, Marmande, Lon. 0° 10' 16" W. Lat 44°
40' N.
Duraszano, t Naples, 16 m. N, E, Naples,
Dvrasso, s-p, Eu. Turkey, on the coaat of Al
bania, in the gulf of Venice. Its harbour is com
modious for vessels of moderate size. Pop. 6,000.
88 ra. S. S. E, Ragusa, Lon, 19° 36' E, Lat 41°
35'N, Durbungah, t Hind, in Bahar, Lon. 86° 54' E,
Lat 26° 27' N,
Durbuy, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, on the
Ourthe, 20 ra, S, by W, Liege, Lon, 5° 22' E, Lat
50° 21' N,
Dwren, t. Prussian states, on the Roer, 16 m,
E. Aix-la-Chapelle, Lon, 6° 23' E. Lat 60° 49^
N, Pop, 4,700,
Duretal, t. France, in Maine and Loire, 8 m, S,
W, La Fleche,
Durg, fort, Persia, in Seistan, 35 m, N, Doo
shak. Durgut, or Casabon, t. A, Turkey, in Natolia,
18 m. E, Smyrna,
Durham, a county, Eng, bounded N, by North
umberland, E, by the German ocean, S, by York
shire, from which it is separated by the river
Tees, and W, by Cumberland and Westmoreland,
It contains 1,040 sq, raUes, or 635,000 acres, of
which 144,000 acres consist of heath. Lead has
been wrought here to a great extent during seve
ral centuries ; and in the year 1809, 86 mines
were open in different parts ofthe county. Abun
dance of fron has been obtained for a period of
about 350 years. But the most iraportant mineral
is coal, which occupies a subterraneous area, 22
miles in length by half as much in breadth, and is j^
computed to be the means directly or indirectly
of giving subsistence to 26,000 persona, including
the aearaen employed in the veasels for exporting
it Pop. in 1811, 177,625.
Durham, city, Eng. capital of Durham county,
on the banks of the river Wear, by which it ia al-'
most surrounded, Ita situation is fine and pictur-
eaquf , It contains a venerable cathedral, six par
ish churches, places of worship for Preshyterian.'i
and Methodists, two Roman Catholic chapels, and
a Quaker meeting-house. It is the see of a bish
op, who is lord paramount ofthe county. Pop, in
1811, 7,953, 16 m. S, Newcastie-upon-Tyne, 132
S, Edinburlh, 259 N, London, Lon, 1° 33' W,
Lat, 54° 54^N,
Durham, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the W, side ofthe St Francis,
Durham, p-t. Cumberland co, Maine, on the
Androscoggin, 26 ra, N. E, Portland, Pop. 1,772.
Durham, p-t. Strafford co, N, H. on Oyster riv
er, at its junction with the Piscataqua, 11 m, W.
N, W, Portsmouth. Pop, 1,449, There is a vil
lage at the falls of Oyster river, containing about
40 houses and a church. On the top of a hill in
this town there ia a rock, computed to be of 70 or
80 tona weight,. lying so exactiy poised on another
rock as to be eaaUy moved with the hand,
Durham, p-t. Middlesex co, Ct7 ra, S, Middle-
town, 18 N, E, New-Haven, Pop, 1,101,
Durham, forme'-ly Freehold, p-t. Green co. N
Y. on CatskUl river, 20 m. N. W. Athens, 30 S.

232

EAR

Wi Albany. Pop. 2,944. It contains 1 Metho
dist and 2 Preabyterian churches, and a public li
brary of 400 volumea.
Durham, p-t Bucks co. Pa. on the Delaware,
12 m. S. Easton. Pop. 404.
Durlach, t. Germany, in Baden, formerly cap.
of the margraviate of Baden-Durlach. Here is
the ducal castle of Karlsburg, an elegant church,
and an academy. It is reraarkable for its raanu-
fectory of porcelain. 6 m, E, Carlsruhe, 15 N, E.
Rastad^ !uid 32 N, N, W, Stuttgard, Lon, 8° 31'
E, Lat, 48° 39' N, Pop, 4,000.
Durrenberg, v. of the Prussian states, in the
duchy of Saxony, about 1 ra. fr, Meraeburg, with
a great salt raine, Durrenberg is likewiae the
narae of a great aalt mine in the Austrian atatea,
in the duchy of Saltzburg, about a league from
Hallein, which yielda annually nearly 300,000
cwt of aalt,
Durrow, t Ireland, 14 m, N. N, W. Kilkenny,
Dursley, t. Eng, in Glouceaterahire, Fop, 2,580,
15 ra, S, Glouceater.
Dusky Bay, on the W. coast of Tavai Poenam
moo, one of the islands of New Zealand. Lon. 166°
48' E. Lat 45° 40' S.
Dussora, t Hind, in Gujerat.
Dusseldorf y t now subject to Pruaaia, ou the
Rhine, at the junction of the Dusael. It has a
castle, which contains a celebrated gallery of
paintings, comprising the chef d'ceuvres of Ru
bens, Vandyk, Vanderwerf, and other Flemish
masters. Here are several elegant churches, ex
tensive barracks, and pleasant public walka, and
an academy for paiutinga. 20 m. N. N. W. Co
logne, 30 N. E, Aix-la-ChapeUe, and 62 S. W,
Munater. Lon, 6° 46' 25" E, Lat, 51° 13' 42" N,
Pop, 19,000.
Dussemond, v. Prussian states, near the Moselle,
4 m, N, W, Veldentz,

E A S
-Dmi, er Dustee, r, Persia, flows through the
province of Mekran into the Indian ocean,
Dutchess, CO, N, Y, on the E, side of the Hud
son, bounded N, by Columbia co, E, by Connecti
cut, S, by Putnam co, and W, by the Hudson,
which separates itfrora Orange and Ulster coun
ties. Pop. 51,412, Chieftown, Poughkeepsie,
Dullingen, t, Wirtemberg, on the Danube, 25
m, N, W, Constance, Lon, 8° 49' 60" E. Lat 47"^
69' 2" N, Pop, 3,760,
Dutotsburg, p-t, Northampton co. Pa,
Duty's, p-v. Sumner co, 'Tennessee,
DutysviUe, p-v, Sumner co, Tennessee,
Duxborough, p-t, Plyraouth co, Mass. 10 m, N.
Plyraouth, 38 S, E, Boston, Pop, 2,201, A num
ber of vesaels are owned here, and employed in
the coasting trade and the fisheries,
Duxbury, t Washington co. Vt on Onion riv
er, 13 m, W. MontpeUer, Pop. 326.
Duyveland, isl. Netherlands, in the province of
Zealand.' Lon. 3° 51' E, Lat 61° 41' N,
Dwaraca, t in Hind. Gujerat Lon. 68° 15' E.
Lat 22° 21' N.
Dwina, a large river of Russia, which risea on
the borders of the governments of Pakov and
Tver, and falls into the gulf of Riga at Dunamun
de, a few mUes below Riga.
Dwina, a large river of European Russia, which
falla, by two arms, into the White sea, a little N.
W. Archangel.
Dyberry, t Wayne co. Pa. Pop. 3 1 8.
Dyer's Cape, on the E. coast of N. America.
Lon. 66° 10' W. Lat 66° 20' N.
Dyk, I. Netherlands, unites a littie below
Mechlin with the Demer, to form the RuppeL
Dysart, borough, ScoUand, in Fifeshire, 14 m-
N. E. Edinburgh. Pop. 1,729.
Dzidza, t Albania, 18 m. fr. DelvinakL

E.

Eagle, t Hockhocking co, Ohio.
Eagle, t. Brown co. Ohio.
Eagle, creek, Ohio, which runa into Ohio river
10 m. below MaysviUe, Kfentucky.
Eagle Island, near the W. coast of Ireland, Lon,
9054'W, Lat 64° 17' N,
.fc'ag-/e Island, in the Pacific, near the N, E,
coast of New Holland, Lat, 14° 32' S,
Eagle River, a river of North America, which
runainto the Miasiseippi, Lon, 92° 14' W, Lat,
43° 60' N,
Eagksham, v. Scotland, in Renfrewahire, 9 m,
S, Glasgow,
Eagleville, v. in Manliua, Onondaga co, N, Y, 14
m, E, Manliua village,
Eagleville, t, Marengo co, Alabama, on the
Tombigbee, at the confluence of the Black war
rior, A settlement is formed here by French em
igrants, Ealing, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 6 m, W, N, W,
London. Eardley, t, York co. Lower Canada, on Ottawa
river, N. W.of Montreal,
Earl, t. Berks co. Pa, Pop, 794.

Earl, p-t Laucastei' co. Pa, on Conestago creek-
Pop. 4,218.
EarlShilton, v. Eng. 9 m, S, S, W, Leicester.
Earl's Ferry, v. Scotiand, ou the coast of Fife, 4
a mile fr. Ely,
Earlstown, v. Scotiand, in Berwickshire, 34 m.
S, E, Edinburgh.
Eame, r. Scotland, which issuea frora the east
end of loch Earn, in Perthahire, and falla into the
'Tay about a mile below Abernethy,
EarOiquake, lake, Missouri, 40 ra. W. New-
Madrid, which commuiMcates with St Francis
river. Easington, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 7 m. N. 'Whit
by. Another, 5 m, fr, CUtheroe,
Easingicold, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 11 m. N. N.
W.York. •
East Andover, tt)xford co. Maine, 30 m. N. W-
Paria. East Bothnia, East Gothland, &c. See Both
nia, Gothland, kc.
Eastbranch, r. Ohio, which runs into the littlf
Miami 9 m. above its mouth.
East-Bridgetoater, p-v. Plymouth ce. Masi?-

E A S
£as/ Greenivich, p-t Kent co. R. I. Pop. 1,530.
East Guilford, p-v. in GuUford, New-Haven co.
Ct. Eastham, p-t. Barnstable co. Mass. 24 m. N. E.
Barnstable, 89 S. E, Boston, Pop. 751,
Eastern district, the N. E. part of Up. Canada,
between Ottawa river and the St, Lawrence;
its W. boundary is a meridian passing through
the mouth of Cananoque creek, in Leeds.
East Florida,. See Florida.
East Chester, p-t. Westchester co, N, Y. 8 ni, S.
White-plains, 20 N. New-York. Pop. 1,039.
East district, t. Berks co. Pa, Pop, 8(}5,
Easthampton, t. Hampshire co. Mass. 5 m, S.
Northampton. Pop, 660,
Easthampton, p-t Suffolk co. N. Y. comprises
the southern proraontory at the E. end of Long-Isl
and, terminating in Montauk point, and includes
Gardiner's Island, 35 m, E, Riverhead, 112 E.
New-York, Pop, 1,484. See Long-Island, Mon
tauk point, and Gardiner's Island. CUnton Acad
emy, established in this town, is a flourishing in
stitution, East-Hartford, p-t. Hartford co, Ct. on the E.
side of Connecticut river, opposite Hartford, with
which it is connected by a bridge. Pop. 3,240.
It contains 4 churches, 2 for Congregationalists, 1
for Baptiats, and 1 for Methodists. Here are nu
merous mills and manufactures. About } of a
mile from the river is a wide street compactly
settled, with a row of stately elms in the middle
extending 2 miles.
Easl-Httddavi, p-t Middlesex co. Ct. on the E,
side of Connecticut river, 14 m, S. Middletown,
21 N, W. New-London. Pop. 2,537. It contains
4 churches, 3 for CongregationaUsta and' 1 for
Episcopalians. East-Haven, t. Essex co. Vt 45 m. N. Mont
peUer. Pop. 30.
East-Haven, t New-Haven co. Ct on Long-Ial-
and Sound, 4 m. E. New-Haven. Pop. 1,209.
East Kingston, 't Rockingham co. N. H, 21 m.
S, W, Portsmouth, Pop, 442,
East Lothian. See Iladdington, County of.
East Main, that partof New Britain, or Labra
dor, which lies on the east side of James' bay.
East Main-house, a station for the Indian fur trade,
is on a river of this name flowing into James' bay,
Lon. 78° 42' W. Lat 52° 16' N.
East Meath. See Meath.
East Minot, p-t, Cumberland oo. Maine.
East Point, the N. E, extremity of New Hol
land. Lat 10° 42' a
East river, N. Y. is the strait through which
Long-laland Sound communicatea with New- York
bay. Its width at New^York is | of a raile. It is
navigable for vesaels of any burden. The strait
called Hell-gate is in this river.
East river, port of enfry, Va, . Amount of ship
ping in 1816, 1,788 tons.
East river, W, Florida, which runs into Pensa
cola bay, Lon, 86° 60' W. Lat 30° 34' N.
Easlboome, t. England, in Suaaex, 62 ra. S. S. E,
London, Eastenelle. See Oostenalah.
Easter Good, parish Eng, in Esse*, 30 m. N. E.
London, Easter Island, or Davis's Land, isl, in the Pa
cific ocean, containing 14 square miles, Lon,
109° 29' 2ff' W. Lat 27° 9' 23'' S,
Eastermost Key, small isl. in the b-ay of Hondu
ras, Lon. 87° 49' W. Lat. 17° 15' N,
Eastern, i. (Chenango co, J?. Y.
30-

E A T

233

Eastern Baj/, bay on Uie E, side of Chesapeake
bay, Lon, 76° 20' W, Lat 38° 50' N,
Eastem Neck, smaU isl, Md, at the mouth o(f
Chester river.
Easterton, t. Dauphin co. Pa. on the E. aide of.
the Susquehannah, 4 ra. above Harrisburg.
Easton, p-t Bristol co. Mass. 10 m. N, Taunton,
22 S. Boston. Pop. 1,557.
Easton, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. on the Hud-^
son, 16 ra. S. W. Salem, 27 N. Albany. Pop. 3,263.
Easton, p-t and cap. Northampton co. Pa. ii
pleasantly situated on the Delaware, at the mouth
of the Lehigh, 12 m N. E, Bethlehem, 58 N, Phila
delphia, Pop, 1,657, It ia regularly laid out,
and containa a court-house, jail, academy and 2
banks. There is a bridge over the Delaware at
this place, 570 feet long.
Easton, p-t, and cap, Talbot co. Md. is on.
Treadhaven creek, 12 miles above its junction
with the Choptank, 42 m. E. S. E. Annapolis, 37
S. Chester. It is the largest town on the eaatern
shore of Maryland, and a place of considerable
business. It contains a bank, academy, arsenal,
court-house, jail, 2 printing offices, and 4 houses
for public worship; 1 for Methodists, 1 for Episco
palians, 1 for Friends, and 1 for blacks. Pop.
about l,50a
Eastport, p-t. and port of entry, Washington co.
Maine, on Passamaquoddy bay, at the mouth Of
Cobscook river, '41 m. E. N. E. Machias, 279 E.
N. E. Portland. The town includes Mooae island
and several other islands, and is favorably situated
for commerce. Pop, in 1810, 1,511. The amount
of shipping in Passamaquoddy district^ in 1816,
was 7,375 tons. Common tides rise here 26 feet.
East Sudbury, p-t, Middlesex co. Mass, 18 m-,
W, Boston. Pop. 824.
East town, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 587.
East Union, t. Wayne co, Ohio, 6 m, E, Woos^
ter. Pop. in 1819, 300.
East Whiteland, p-v, Chester co. Pa,
East-Windsor, p-t, Hartford co. Ct, on the E-
side of Connecticut river, 8 m. N. Hartford, Pop.
3,081. It contains 4 churches, 3 for Congregation
aUsta and 1 for Episcopalians. The distillery of
gin here is probably the largest in the United
Statea, In this town is Warehouse point, at the
head of sloop-na-vigation on Connecticut river, 13
m. above Hartford.
Eastwood, V. Eng, in Nottinghamshire, 8 m, N,
W. Nottinghara. '
Eaton, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 84 m,
S. S. E, Three-Rivers, Pop, about 600,
Eaton, p-t. Strafford co. N, H, 49 m, N. E. Con
cord, Pop. 635.
Eaton, p-t Madison co. N. Y. 30 m. S. W. Uti
ca, 120 W. -Albany, Pop, 2,263.
Eaton, p-t, and cap. Preble co. Ohio, on St
Clair's creek within f of a mile of old Fort St
Clair, 24 m, W, Dayton, 90 W. Columbus.
EatonBray, v.Eng.in Bedford, 35 ra, N, London.
Eaton's Neck, the N. extremity of Huntington,
in Suffolk CO, on Long-Island, N. Y. where a light
house is erected.
Eaton Socon, v. Eng. in Bedford, 55 m. N Lon
don. Eatontowri, v. in Shrewsbury, Monmouth co. N.
J. 1 m. frora the town of Shrewsbury.
Eatonton, p-t. and cap. Putnam co, Geo, 22 m.
N, W, Milledgeville, It contains a court-house
and jail. Union Academy is established about 8
milap from ths town.

234

E C I

-Eawse, t. Fiance, in Gers, 20 m. S, W, Condom,
Lon, 0° 4' E, Lat 45° 56' N, Pop, 3,300,
Ebal, Mount, in Sac, Geog, a aumrait in the
Mount Ephraim range of hilla, near Shechem, and
onthe N, Side ofa valley about 200 paces wide,
having Mount Gerizzim on the S, It is a naked
barren rock,
Ebbsfleet, (an, Wyppedsfleet,) hamlet, Eng. in
the isle of Thanet, Kent co, at the raouth of the
'' Stour, ¦*'
Ebeltoftj t. Denraark, in North Jutland, on a
bay of ttie Cattegat, IS m, N, N, E. Aarhuus,
Lon, 1 0° 41' E, Lat, 66° 1 1' N, ,
Ebenezer, creek, Geo, runs S. E, and faUs into
Savannah river at Ebenezer.
' Ebenezer, t Effingham co. Geo, on Savaniiah
river, 26 m, N, N, W, Savannah. It was settied
fn l'?36, by Proteatanta from Germany.
Ebenfort, t and castle. Lower Austria, on the
Leytha, 18 ra. S, Vienna,
Ebensburg, p-t. and cap. Cambria co. Pa. wa
tered by the Conemaugh, 75 m. E. Pittsburg.
Eberach, r. Germany, which runs into the Red-
nitz, 3 ra. S. of Bamberg.
Eberbach, t. Baden, 18 m. E. Heidelberg.
Ebersberg, t. Austria, on the Traun, 8 m. N. W.
Ens, Ebersdorf, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube, 8
m. E, S, E. Vienna, Pop, 1,165,
Eberslieim, v. France, on an ialand formed by
Ih^ ni below Schelestat
Eberswald. See Netistadt Eberswald.
Ebesfalva, t. Transylvania, in .Kokelburg, on
the river Great Kokel. Pop, 2,900. Lon. 24°
35' 36" E. Lat. 46° 11' 48" N.
Ebher. , See Abher.
Ebingen, t. Wirtemberg, 36 m, S Stutgard,
"Lon. 9° 3' E, Lat. 48° 13' 40" N, Pop, 3,750,
Ebro, (an, Iberus.) r. Spain, risea on the borders
of Asturia, and falls into Uie Mediterranean below
Tortosa, in Catalonia. Of its two raouths, the
one to the south is artificial, and of eaaier entrance
than the other, which ia nearly choked with mud.
This river ia in general very rapid, and little
adapted for navigation,
Ebsdorf, t. Hanover, in the principality of
Luneburg, 7 m W, N, 'W. Ultzen.
Ecclesall Bierlow, t, Eng, in Yorkshire. Pop.
6,569. 3 m. S. W, Sheffield.
Ecclesfechan, t Scotland, 10 m. N, E. Dumfries.
Ecclesfield, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 ra. N, Shef
field, Pop. 5,805,
Eecleshall, t. Eng, in Staffordshire, 14 m. N, W.
London. Ecclesiastical State. See States oftlie Church.
Eccleston, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m, N. War
rington. Echebrune, t. France, in Lower Charente, 6 m,
S, Saintes,
Echelks, Les, t Savoy, on the Guyer, 15 m. S.
W. Chambery,
Echemin, r. Lower Canada, which falls into tiie
St Lawrence from the S, 2 miles above Quebec,
Echinades Islands, (oOierwise called Nism)
group of islets at the enU'ance of the gulf of Le
panto, Echt, V. Netherlands, in Limburg, 9 m, S. by
W, Ruremond,
Echterdingen, v. Wirtemberg, 5 m. S, Stutgard,
EchternaSi, t Netherlands, in Luxemburg, ou
the Saure, 10 m, W, Treves, 18 N, N, E, Luxem
burg, Pop, 3,060,
Ecija, t. Spain, iu Seville, on the W. hauk of

E D E
the Xeml, The adjacent territory is uncomlnonly
fertile. The town contains 6 churches,- 16 con
vents, and 16 hospitals. 55 ra. E. N. E. Seville.
Lon, 5° 4' 34'' W,Lat 37° 31'61"N, Pop, 28,000,
Eckdala, fortreaa, Bengal, district of Dacca, on
the Luckya, now in ruins. Lon. 96° 45' E, Lat
24° 4' N.
Ecker, r. Hanover, which rans into the Ocker,
10 ra. S. Wolfenbuttel.
Eckeren, t Netherlands, 4 m, N, Antwerp.
Eckemfaehrde, t Denmark, on the coast of
Sleswick, 10 m, S. Sleswick. Lon. 9° 4ff E. Lat
64° 53' N. u „ , •
Eekera, smaU isl. Sweden, between the Baltic
and the gulf of Finland. Lon. 19° 24' E. Lat 60,
16' N.
Eckington, v, Eng. in Derbyshire, 6 m. fr, Ches
terfield. Pop. 2,889..
Eckmulil, t Bavaria, 16 m. W. Sfa'auhmg, near
which a victory was gained in AprU 1809, by Bo
naparte over the Austrians.
Eclipse Islands, cluster of small islands, near
the S. W. coast of New Holland. Lou. 118° W
E. Lat. 36° 8' S.
Ecluse, Fort de /', fort, Switz. on the Rhone, 13
m. W. Geneva. ^
Ecommoy, t France, in Sarthe, 24 m. S. Le
Mans. Pop. 2,700,
Ecouen, t France, 12 m. N, Paris.
Edam, t. North Holland, near the Zuyder-zee,
with a good harbor formed by the river Ey, 12 m-
N, Amsterdam.
Edam, isl. on Uie coast of Java, 9 m. N, N. E,
Batavia. Edombovanum, t. India, in the Camatic, LaL
10° 27' N,
Eday, one of the Orkney Islands. Lon. 2° 41
W. Lat 69° 4'N.
Eddington, p-t Penobscot co- Mame, on Penob
scot river, 5 ra- E. Bangor. Pop. 205.
Eddy grove, p-t CaldweU co. Ken. ^
Eddystone, Neu; a rock, in Bhem's canal, on
the N. W. coaat of America, in lat 65° 29' N. Ion.
229° 16' E.
Eddystone Rocks, reef of rocka in the English
channel, in W.lon. 4° 5' and N.lat 50° 10', bear
ing about 14 m, S, W, PlyraouUi, and 10 S, W. by
S. from the Ram-head in ComwaU, From their
position they are particularly dangerous to ships
entering Plymouth sound, and have been the oc^
casion of numerous shipwrecks. Several Ught-
houses erected on these rocka have been destroy
ed. In 1759 Mr, SraeaLon completed the present
lighthouse entirely of stone. It is about 80 feet
high ; at times however, the waves dash to a pro
digious height over its top.
Eddyvilk, p-t. and cap. CaldweU co. Ken. on
Cumberland river, 50 ra. fr. Harpshead.
Edeleny, t. Hung-ary, in the county of Borahod,
33 m. N. by E. Agria. Lon. 20° 55' E. Lat 48°
17' IJ" N.
Eden, in Sac. Geog. the counfry of the first
parents of the human race. Eden was also the
name of a beautiful valley near Damascus ; and
ofa country of Mesopotamia, under the Assyrian
government. Eden, r. ScoUand, in Berwickshire, which falls
into the Tweed, 4 m. below Kelso. Anotiier, falls
into St Andrew's bay. Lon. 2° 51' W, Lat. 56
22' N,
Eden, i, Eng, which falls into the Solway frith,
about 7 m. below Carlisle,
Eden, t. Syria, in the pachajic of Aleppo, onthe
Libanus, 15 m. N, E. TripoU,

E D I
Eden, t Hancock co, Msune, 36 m. E, Caatine,
Pop. 657,
Eden, t Orleans co, Vt, 30 m. N. MontpeUer,
Pop, 224,
Eden, t. Niagara co. (N. Y.) S. of Buffalo.
Edenborough, p-v. Ripley co. Indiana.
Edenderry, t. Ireland, in King's co. 29 m. W.
DubUn. Edenkoben, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 6 ra,
,S, of Neustadt
Edenton, port of enfry, and cap, Chowan co, N.
C. at the head of a bay, on the N. side of Albe
marle Sound, near the mouth of Chowan river, 77
m. S, S. W. Norfollc, 85 N, N. E, Newbern, 'Lat
36° 6' N, It contains a court-house, jail, bank,
and an ancient Episcopal church. Its situation is
advantageous for trade, but unhealthy. The
amount of shipping in 1815 waa 6,076 tona,
Eder, (an, Adrana) r. Germany, which falla in
to the Fulda, 6 m. above Cassel.
Edessa, or Vodina, t. Eu, Turkey, in Romania,
44 m. W. N. W. Saloniki, and 316 W. Constanti
nople. Lon. 22° 2'E. Lat 40° 51' N. Pop. 12,000.
Edfu, V. Upper Egypt, on the site ofthe ancient
Apollinopolis Parva, famous for two temples which
present splendid monuments ofthe ancient archi
tecture of Egypt Lon. 32° 53' 44" E. Lat 24° 48'
53'' N.
Edgarton, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Duke's
CO. Mass. on the E. side of the island of Martha's
Vineyard, 14 m. from the raain, 100 S. S. E. Bos
ton. Lon. 70° 26' W. Lat. 41° 25' N. Pop. 1,365.
It has a good harbor, secured by the island of
Chabbaquiddic, which is included in the jurisdic
tion of Edgarton. Shipping in 1815, 993 tons.
Edgcotl, v, Eng, in Northamptonshire, 4 m. N,
Banbury,  -
Edgcumbe Bay, bay on the E. coast of New Hol
land. Lat 20° S.
Edgcumbe, Cape, the N. W. point of Norfolk
sound, in King George Illd's archipelago. Lon.
224° 254' E. Lat. 57° 2' N.
Edgecombe, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on Sheep-
scot river, opposite Wiscasset. Pop, 1,288.
Edgecombe, co. N. C. on Tar rivews^lop.
12,423. Slaves, 5,107. Chief town, TarhorougB^-
Edgefield, district, S. C. between Saluda and
Savannah rivers, and AbbevUle district. Pop.
23,160. Slaves, 8,576. At the court-house is a
post-oflice, Edgmont, t. Delaware co. Pa: Pop. 611.
Edgeworth, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m: fr. Bolton,
Edghill, place, Eng, in Warwick, memorable
for the first battle during the civil wars, 83 m, fr,
London, Edgware, t Eng, in Middlesex, 10 m. N, W,
London. Edikofen, t Bavarian circle ofthe Rhine, 4 ra,
N, Landau.
Edinburgh, or Mid-Lothian, co, ScoUand, con-
tainii^ 360 sq. raUes, or 230,400 acres. On the
N. it is bounded by the frith of Forth, E. by Had
dington CO, S. by Lanark, Peebles, and Berwick,
and W, by Linlithgow, Pop. in 1811, 148,607.
Edinburgh, the raetropolis of Scotland, is about
a mile and a half from the frith of Forth, and is
surrounded on all sides, except the north, by lofty
hills. It stands on high and uneven ground, being
buih on three eminences, which run from E, to
W, The central ridge, on which the city Waa
originally built, is terminated abruptly on the
west by a precipitous rock on which the castle ia
-placed. The valley to the north of Uiis ridge.

E D I

235

¦which was formerly a lake, ha^ been drained, aud
ia 'BOW a marah, nearly dry in summer. On the
rising ground to the north of this valley stands the
New Town of Edinburgh, The ravine on the
south of the central ridge is also wholly covered
with buildings, as weU aa the southern eminence ;
and beyond the immediate precincts of the town
in thia quarter, nuBfieroua villas have of late years
been erected. Inthe Old Town the buUdings are
crowded and irregular, and in sorae parts rise to
the height of 1 1 stories. The new Town has been
buUt within the last 50 years. It ia laid out in
afreets and squares, and for beauty and regularity
ia not aurpassed by any city in the world. The Old
and New towna are connected by a raound, and a
bridge thrown acroas the valley,
Araong the public buildings of Edinburgh, the
principal is the castle. In the centre of the city
are the buildings in which the courts hold their
sittings. In one of these is the advocate's library,
consisting of more than 70,000 printed volumes,
and about 1,000 volumes of manuscripts. There
are ten churches, and 5 chapels of ease belonging
to the establishment, besides 4 places of worship
for the Burghers, 3 for the Anti-burghers, 4 for the
Relief, 4 for the Baptists, 2 for the Independents,
a Gaelic chapel, and one each for the Methodists,
Cameronians, Bereans, Glaasites, Unitarians, Qua
kers, and Roraan Catholics, and aix for Episco
palians. The university of Edinburgh has long
been celebrated. It was foundjed in 1582, and em
braces at present 27 professorships, wliich are
classed as follows. Faculty ofTheology — Divini
ty, Church History,, and Oriental Languages.
Faculty of Law — Law of Nature and Nations,
Civil Law, Scots Law, and Civil History sind An
tiquities. Faculty of Medicine — Anatomy and.
Surgery, Practice of Medicine, Botany, Materia
Medica, Chemistry; Tlieory of 'MedieJne,. Mid|g««
wifery. Natural History, Clinical Surgery, MiijP'
tary Surgery, and Medical Jurisprudence.^^Plf
ulty of Arts — Moral Philosophy, RhebSflPand
Belles Lettres, Greek, Latin, NaturajjjllKsophy
Mathematics, Practical Astronaagt^'nfrir. and
Agriculture. The nui^lPPfii^^^ta in 1818,
^F@Sl§fMl8irtiHtlpl^KTersity is attached a libra
ry of more than 50,000 volumes, an excellent mu
seum of natural history, and a botanic gardfen.
Aa a medical achool the university has attained to
high repute, and is resorted to from the most re
mote quarters. The High-school, the principal
grammar school ofthe city, has a rector and four
masters, and above 800 scholars. The principal
charitable kistitution is Heriot's hospital. There
are several other hoapitals ; three charity work
houses, an asylum for the iuduatrious blind, a
Magdalene asylum, a house of industry, a society
for the suppression of begging, a Royal Infirmary,
a military hospital, a lying-in hospital, and two
dispensaries, Edinburgh is supported chiefly by
its courts of justice. Law is the leading profes
sion ; and those who derive their subsistence from
this source forra the chief class of its inhabitants.
A considerable class also depends on the universi
ty aijd other aerainariea. It is not in any sense a
trading or manufacturing town. It ia a royal bo
rough, and aends one member to parliament.
Pop, in 1811, including Leith, 102,987 ; exclusive
of Leith, 82,624, 42 m. E, Glasgow, 396 N, N. W,
London, Lon. 3° 12' W. Lat, 55° 58' N,
Edinburgh, t. Saratoga co. N. Y. 26 m. N. W.
BaUston, 50 fr, Albany, Pop, 1,319,
Edinburg, t, Elbert oc. Geo. on Savannah river.

236

E F F

Edinburg, t. Portage co, Ohio, 6 m, S, E, Ra-
^'enna, Edi'nburg, t. Dearborn co, Indiana, 4 a mile fr.
the Ohio, It is on elevated ground, above the
floods <Sf the river, '
Edisheim, t. Bavarian states, near the Rhine, 5
m, N. W, Landau, '
Edisto, or Ponpon, r, S, C, is formed of two
branchea, which unite below Orangeburg, and
-enters the ocean on each side of Ediato island,
through 2 inlets called North and South Edisto
inlets. It is navigable for large boats 100 miles.
Through South-Edisto inlet enter all vessels from
the North, that are bound to Beaufort, Asheepoo,
Combahee, and Coosa,
Edisto island, on the coast of S, C. 40 ra. S, W,
Charleston, with which it is connected by a good
inland navigation. It is separated frora 'W'^adma-
law and John's islands, by North-Edisto inlet,
Which affords a good harbor for vessels of araaU
draft. The island is 12 miles long, and from 1 to
5 broad, and contained in 1808, 236 white inhabi
tants, and 2,600 slaves. Here are 2 churches, 1
for Presbyterians, who have a large permanent
fund for the support of the Gospel, and 1 for Epis
copalians, — The island is devoted to the culture
of cotton, and is very productive. The white in
habitants reside on their plantations only during
the winter, and spend the hot months in summer-
houses on the margin of the sea.
Edmeston, p-t, Otsego co, N, Y, 18 m, W, Coop
erstown, 84 fr, Albany, Pop, 1,317,
Edmonton, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 6.m. N. Lon
don, Edmwiid Point, cape, oft the N, W. coaat of A-
merica, Lat, 51° 56' N,
Edom, or Idumea, in Sac, Geog. a countrybe-
jond Jordan, and S. E, of Palestine, inhabited by
E^^nd hi; i^ateriiy. it was at first a distinct
Mfipre, but was subdued by David, and annexed
ti'-'hc land of Israel,
JS.,»,

Edwards, co, lUinois, ot the Wabash, Pod in
1818,1,948, Chief town, Pairavra,

3 -  , Palrayra,
Edwardsburg, t GrenviUe co. Up. Canada, ou
fat, Lawrence river, 67 m, N, E, Kingston,
Edwardsville, p-t. and cap, Madison co. lUinois,
^nofr^"^"" ,'?•¦' J^m. N, E. St Louis. Lat
fffln h ¦ ,^*^- f^ ^^ ^- It ^™t='i'>= a land-
office, a bank, and a printing-office.
Edwith, r. Eng. which joins the Usk, at its
moutn, '
jv'w'^Ghen^^"'^'"'™^'' "" ^^^^ ^'I'W'Jers, 11 m.
ii^1'e"S{:?;°T;n:"''"
,v^^^'uZlJ'"^^u''' '¦"^P." ^- ^- """^ f^l' '"to the
Wabash, 200 m. above Vincenncf.
-Eems, small r. NeUicriands, Utreclit, which falls
into the Zuyder Zee,
Eeningburg, v. NorUi Holland, 6 m, N. Alk
maer. Eerste, r. Cape of Good Hope, which passes by
Stellenhosch, and faUs into Simon's bay,
¦Efic, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the S, coast
ofMyaol. Lou, 127° E, Lat 2° 12' S.
r M^"'M'""^' CO, Lower Canada, on the N. side
or the St. Lawrence, between Vnrlr and T, «;„.».,_

Coiintics.

Lawrence, bctiCeen York and Leinster

E G Y
Effingham, t. Strafford co, N, H, 43 ta,N. fe-
Concord. Pop, 876,
Effingham, co, Geo, between Savaunah and
Ogechee rivefs. Pop, 2,686, Slaves, 1,010.
Chief town, Springfield,
Ega, small r. Spain, which falls into the Ebro,
3 ra. below Calahorra,
Ega, t. Portugal, 7 m, S. S, W, Coimbra,
Egeln, t. Prussian States, 16 m, S, W, Magde^
burg. Egenburg, t. Lower Austria, 66 m. N. W. Vi
enna, Lon. 15° 35' E, Lat. 48° 37' N.
Eger, r. which risea in Suabia, and runs into tbe
Wernitz, 6 ra. N. Donauwert
-Eger, large i . Franconia, which falls into the
Elbe, Eger, t Bohemia, on the Eger river. Pop.
8,000, 76 m, W. Prague, Lon, 12° 19' E, Lat
50° 5' N,
Egerness, cape, on the S, W- coast of ScoUand,
Lon, 4° 22' W, Lat 64° 64' N.
Egg. See Eigg.
EggharbOr, Great, inlet and river, N, J, The
river forms the boundary between Cape May and
Gloucester counties, and runs into tile inlet, in
lat, 39° 22' N, It is navigable 20 miles for vessels
6f 200 tons,
Eggharbor, Little, inlet, N, J. lies 17 m, N,
Great Eggharbor inlet It receives MuUcus creek
which is navigable 20 miles for veasels of 60
tons, Eggharbor, Great, s-p, and port of entry, Glou
cester CO. N. J, on the sea coast, at the month of
Eggharbor river, 60 m, fr. Philadelphia. Pop.
1,830. Shipping in 1815, 3,569 tons,
Eggharbor, Littk, s-p. and port of entry, Bur
lington CO. N. J. on the rea coast, 60 m. fr, Phila
delphia, Pop, 913. Shipping in 1815, 1,618-
tons. The compact part of the town is called
Clomtoim. Egg Island, smaU isl. N. J. on the N. aide of
Delaware bay, in Cumberland county.
Egham, v, Eng, in Surrey, 18 m. W, London.
Eghalm, ial, Denmark, in the Lymfiord gulf.
Lon, 9° 41' E. Lat 57° 4' N.
Eglisau, f. Switz. in Zurich, on the right bank
of the Rhine, 10 m. S. W. Schaffhausen.
Eglise River, del', r. Lower Canada, which
falls into the St Lawrence from the N, 44 m, be
low the ialand of Orleans,
Eglishay, one of the Orkney islands, Lon. i'
49 'W, Lat 59° N.
Egmont, the name of 3 viUages in N, Holland,
on the sea coast, a few miles W, of Alcmaer,
Egmont Bay, on the S. W. of Uie island of St.
John, in the g'uU" of St Lawrence, Lon, 64° W,
Lat, 46° 30' N,
Egmont Island, in Uie gulf of Mexico, on the
W, coast of E, Florida, Lon- 82° 65' W, Lat
27° 54' N.
Egmont Island, in the Pacific ocean, Lon, 138°
30 ^V, Lat 19° 20' N,
Egmont Island, Nets Guernsey, or Santa Crui,
one of tbe Queen Charlotte's islands, in the Fte-
cific ocean, Lon, 165° 59' E, Lat 10° 46' S,
Egremoni, t Eng, in Cumberiand, 5 m, S, S, E.
Whitehaven, Egrcmont, p-t, Berkshire co. Mass, 15 m, S, S,
W, Lenox, Pop, 790,
EguiUcs, t. France, in Mouths-of-tiie-Rhone, 6
m.N, W, Aix, Pop, 3,100,
*''Sypf, country, Africa, bounded N, by the

E G Y

EIS

237

Mediterranean ; E. by the Red sea and the isth
mus of Suez ; S. by Nubia; and W. by the Lyb
ian desert. It Ues on both sides of the Nile, from
its raouth to Syene, in lat. 23° a distance of 600
miles. Its breadth is nominally 200 or 300 miles,
but the only habitable part is the valley of the
Nile, which is usuaUy 15 or 20 milea wide, and
bounded on each aide by a chain of mountains,
running parallel with the river. The country
beyond the mountains, both to the east and west,
is a desert. Egypt ia divided into Upper and Low
er. Lower Egypt ia composed of the Delta of the
Nile. Upper Egypt ia the narrow belt of land
extending from Cairo to Syene. The soil on the
'tanks of the Nile is a black flat loara, and ia ex
ceedingly productive. Lower Egypt is annually
overflowed, and enriched by the deposit of mud
and slime, and has been celebrate^, in all ages, for
its fertility. In Upper Egypt, the water ia con
veyed to the lands by machinery. The prin
cipal productiona are rice and wheat. — The
climate of thia country is characterized by an al
most entire absence of rain. It is rauch hotter
than that of other counfries in the sarae latitude.
In the spring, for about 60 days, it is Uable to the
terrible wind Called the simoon, which threatens,
when long continued, almost the extinction of an
imal Ufe. — Among the diseaaea, are the plague,
which is commonly auppoaed to be indigenous in
Egypt, and to spread its ravages frora thence as
frora a centre ; and the ophthalmia, a severe com
plaint affecting the eyes.
The population of Egypt is estimated at
2,600,000. It consists of Copts, Arabs, Turks,
and, tiU very lately, Mamelukes. The Copts ap
pear to be the descendants of the ancient Egyp
tians, mingled, in some degree, with the Persians
and Greeks, but kept entirely separate, by reli-
gioua antipathy, from the Arabian and Turkiah
invaders. They reside, almost exclusively, in
Upper iJgypt, and their number has been esti
mated at 200,000.— The Arabs are the most nu
merous part of the population. The Turks are
established to a considerable extent in the great
cities, and their numbers and power have of late
considerably increased. The Mamelukes were
originally Georgian and Circassian slaves, who,
under the Fatimite Khalifs, were brought into the
country, and becEune part of the military power
of the state. They were thua enabled to riae
i^pinst their masters, to massacre or expel them,
and to assume the dominion of the country. Du
ring the invasion of Egypt, by the French, their
sfrength was broken, and the Turks have recentiy
¦driven them out of the country. — The govern
ment is now administered by a Turkish pacha,
-sent from Conatantinople, and 24 beya or govern-
ora of provincea.
The objecta which, above all others, attract the
attention of the fraveller in raodern Egypt, are
the stupendous monuments of ancient grandeur,
with which it ia covered. Theae are not so
much diatinguished for taste and skill, as; for im
mense aize. This enormous magnitude is partic
ularly conspicuous in the Pyramids, The largest
of these structures measures nearly 600 feet in
perpendicular height, and has a square base of
700 feet. The greater part consists of a solid
mass of masonry. The most reraarkable of the
Pyramids are immediately south of Cairo, on the
oppoaite aide of the Nile, The trade of Egypt
with Christian nations, ia carried on by Alexan
dria; that with thp other parts of the Turkish

empire by Damietta, An extensive commerce is
also maintained with the interior of Africa by
means of caravans.
Ehen, or Broad River, Eng, which runs into
the Irish sea, below Egremont,
Eheriheim, Upper, t France, on the Ergel, 12
m. S. W, Strasburg, Pop, 4,400,
Ehingen, t. Wirtemberg, ou the left bank ofthe
Danube, 10 ra. S, W, Ulm, Lon, 8° 56' 64" E.
Iiat 48° 29' 36" N. Pop. 3,400.
Ehningen, t. Wirtemberg, 15 ra. S. S. E. Stutt
gard, Pop. 4,200,
Ehrenbreislein, or Hermannstein, a ruined for
tress of the Prussian statea, on the Rhine, oppo
site Coblentz, ,
Ehrenfriedrichsdorf, or Irbersdorf, t Saxony, 3
ih, W, Wolkenatein, Lon, 12° 53' E, Lat, 50°
36' N.
Ehrenhausen, t Lower Styria, on the left bank
of Uie Mur, 8 m, N. Marburg, Lon, 15° 40' 45"
E, Lat 46° 44' 32" N,
Ehrlibach, v, S'wiss canton of Zurich, remark
able for a beautiful cascade in the rivulet of
Ehrlibach, of 40 feet
Eibenstock, t. Saxony, in Erzgeberge, on the
Mmlda, 7 m, S, W, Schwartzenberg, Lon, 12°
36' E. Lat, 60° 25' N,
Eichstadt, t Bavarian states, on the Alt, 32 m.
N, N, E, Augsburg, Lou. 11° 10' 36" E. Lat 48°
53'30"N. Pop. 6,000.
Eichstetten, t. Baden, 9 m. N. N. W, Freyburg.
Eide, t Norway, 36 ra. E, S, E, Bergen,
Eigg, isl, of the Hebrides, 8 m. fr, the raain,
Ei0iteen-mile creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio,
18 m. below, Gallipolia.
Eilenburg, t. Prussian states, in the duchy of
Saxony, on an island formed by the Mulda, 12 m.
N. E. Leipsic.
Eimbeck, t Hanover, on the Ume, 48 ra. S. S.
W. Brunswick. Lon. 9° 49' E. Lat 51° 44' N.
Pop. 5,000.
Eimeo, one of the Society islands, or ratlier
Georgian islands, in the S. Pacific ocean, 10 railes
long, by 5 broad. There are several harbors, of
which Taloo on the north coast is the best, "The
surface of the island is hilly and rocky, with val
lies interposed, 12 m, W, Otaheite, Lon, 160°
W. Lat 17° 30' S. The inhabitants of tiiia isl
and have recently renounced idolatry, and em
braced Christianity, See Society islands.
Einotirieh, v. Syria, 21 ra. N, N. E, Daraasons,
Einigenbruck, v. North Holland, 7 ra, N, Alc
maer, Einsiedkn, v. Switz, in the canton of Scliweitz,
10 m, N,*E. Schweitz, 20 S, S, E, Zurich, Lon,
9°38'E, Lat 47° 4'N,
Einura, t, India, in Canara, Lon, 75° 16' E.
Lat, 13° .6' N.
Eisenach, a province of Germany, in the grand
duchy of Saxe-Weimar. Pop. 70,000.
Eisenach, the capital of the above province, is
on the Nesse, near its union with the Horae, 26
ra, W, S, W, Erfurt, 40 E, Weimar. Lon, 10°
20' 16" E, Lat 50° 58' 65" N. Pop. 8,000.
Eisenarts, t. Germany, in Inner Ausfria. It is
, at the foot of a hill, which contains one of the
richest iron mines known. It produces 50,000
tons of ore yearly, aud gives eraployment to 2,600
. rainers and sraeltera. 10 m. N. Leobeu. Lon. 14°
19'45"E. Lat 47° 31' 2" N.
Eisenberg, t Germany, in the duchy of Saxe-
Gotha. Pop. 3,300. 20 m. W. Alteuburg, 30
S. W. Leipsic. Lon. 1 1° SI' E. Lat. 60° 55' N.

238

E L A

Eisenburg, t. Lower Hungary, on the Raab, 28
m, W, Vcaprim, Lon, 16° 48' 31" E. Lat, 47° 2'
26" N,
Eisenburg, County of, in the west partof Lower
Hungary, on the bordera of Austria, It is one of
the raost extensive, fertile, and populous countiea
in the kingdom. Pop, 300,000,
Eisenstadt, t. Hungary, on the Leytha, 27 m, S,
Vienna. Lon, 16° 23' E. Lat 47° 33' 10" N. Pop.
2,400. Eiskoi, t, Russia, on the east coaat of the sea of
Azoph. < 50 ra. S. W. Azoph. Lon. 56° E. Lat
46°30'N. Eiskben, t. Pruasian states, in the province of
Saxony, the birth place of Martin Luther, 2 m. S,
E, Mansfeld, 12 W. Halle, Lon. 11° 31' E, Lat
S1°53'.W. Eislingen, Great and Little, two villages, Wir
temberg, 3 m. E. Goppingen.
Ekamyl, one of the smaller Kurile islands.
Lon. 154° 29' E. Lat 49° 3ff N.
Ekaterinadaro, t. Russia, in Caucasus, in Ku
ban Tartary, and the capital of the Tchernor-
norskie, or Cossacks of the Black sea,
Ekaterineburg, or Catherinenburg, t. A. Russia,
on the Isett, 148 m. S. E, Perm. The neighbour
ing mountains afford a variety of rainerals. Here
are extensive iron founderies and forges, which
manufacture cannon and anchors. An immense
copper coinage produces 12,630 pieces daily.
This town ia the seat of the supreme college for
the administration of the mines and founderies of
Siberia, Casan, Perm, and Orenburg, and takes
cognizance of 1 14 founderi*s within ita district
Housea 2,000, Lon, 60° 17' E. Lat. 56° Sff N,
Ekaterinograd, t. and fortress, A. Russia, in
Caucasus. It ia the .strongest place on the Cauca
sian line of posts. 24 m, N. W. Mozdok. Lon.
43° 42' E. Lat, 44° 15' N,
Ekaterinoslav, t. Eu, Russia, on the Dnieper.
Its cloth manufactures are accounted the finest in
Russia. Pop, 1,800. 728 m, S. S, E. St Peters
burgh, Lon. 35° 1' 46" E. Lat 48° 27' 2ff' N.
Ekaterinoslav, government of Russia, extending
from 33° 4ff to 39° 2ff E. lon. and from 47° to 49°
N, lat, between the governraents of Polta'wa,
Charkov, Voronetz, the Donski Cossacks, Tauri
da, and Cherson, and containing about 35,000 sq.
milea. The chief productions are corn, millet,
melons, fruits, and hemp. Pop. 660,000.
Ekenas; a-p. Eu. Russia, on the N. coast of the
gulf of Finland, Pop, 1,260, 50 m, S, E, Abo.
Lon. 23° 18' E. Lat, 69° 58' N.
Ekeroe, one ofthe Aland isles, in the Baltic, W.
of the principal island. Here is a telegraph sta-
-tion. Ekron, in Sac. Geog. the most northerly of the
5 principal cities of the Philistines, It stood 34
m. W. Jerusalem, 14 N. Ashdod, It was assigned
to the tribe of Judah, and afterwards to the tribe
of Dan. '
Elaase. See Orontes.
Elalia, a large mass of ruins in Tunis, supposed
to be the Acolla or Acillia of the ancients ; 90 ra.
S, 3, E, Tunis,
Elaman, t. A, Turlcey, in Diarbekir, ou the Eu
phrates, 15 m, S. W. Racca.
Eland, t Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Cal
der, 2 m, fr, Halifax,
Elalh, in Sac, Geog, s-p, Iduraea, on a bay of
the Red sea, now called Ailah.
Elalma, t, Eu, Russia, on the Oka, 132 m. N.

El L D
Tambov. Lon. 41° 42' E. Lat 55° 2' N, Pop,
2,100. Elba, ial. on Oie coaat of Italy, oi^oaite to the
grand duchy of Tuscany, 60 m. in circumference.
Its general aspect is mountainbus, and its climate
salubrious. Here are cultivated vines, oUves,
fruits, corn, and maize. It has 2 harbors, Porto
Ferrajo, the capital, and Porto Longone. This
island waa the residence of Bonaparte from May
1814 to 26th February 1816. It now belongs to
the grand duke of Tuacany. Lon, of Porto Fer
rajo, 10° 19' 35" E. Lat 42° 49' 6"N.
Elbe, a large river of Germany, which rises
amid the raountains on the borders of SUesia, and
passing through Bohemia, enters Saxony, and
passes successively Dresden, Meissen, Torgau, and'
Wittenberg, and continuing a northward course/
runs through the territory bf Magdeburg, and Uie
duchies of Mecklenburg and Lauenburg, until it
finaUy discharges itself into the German ocean,
about 70 mUea below Hamburgh. It communi
cates with the Havel, Trave, and Wesef, by ca
nals. The navigation of the Elbe up to Ham
burgh is difficult on account of its numerous sand
banks, and the occasional violence of the wind.
Elbe, T. Germany, Which runs into the Eder, 2
m. S. S. E. Fritzlar.
Elberfeld, t. Prusaian States, in the province of
Cleves and Berg, disfrict of Dusseldorf, in a pleas
ant valley ou the Wupper. The inhabitants are
actively employed iu manufactures, particularly
of linen, ribbons, lace, siamoise, and similar stuffs.
18 m, E. Duaaeldorf, 20 N. E. Cologne, Lon. 7"
8'E. Lat 51° 12'N.
Elbert, co, in the Western district of Geo. be
tween Savannah and Broad rivers. Pop. 12,156,
Slaves, 4,574. Chief town, Elberton,
Elberton, p-t and cap, Elbert co, Geo. on Sa-
Tfannah river, 23 m, N. W. Petersburg,, 73 from
MilledgeriUe. Pop, 122.
Elberton, t. Effinghara co. Geo. on the Ogechee;,
19 m. W. Ebenezer, 48 N. W. Savannah. '
Elbing, r. which issues from the lake of Dron-
sen, near th^ town of Elbing, and falls into the
Frische Haff. It is joined to the Nogat by raeans
ofa canal.
Elbing, t. Prussia, on the Elbing, near its mouth.
It suppUes the adjacent counfries with foreign
merchandize ; and has manufactures of soap, to
bacco, starch, and oil. Pop. 16,800. 30 m. S. E.
Dantzic. Lon. 19°21'^7" E. Lat. 54° 7'54"N.
Elbingerodo, t. Prussian States, 6 m. S. E, Go
slar. Lon. 10° 47' E. Lat 51° 47' N. Pop,
2,360. Elboeiif, t. France, on the Seine. Here is a
celebrated manufactory of woollen cloths. Pop.
6,000. 10 m. S. Rouen, 65 N. W. Paria. Lon,
58' E. Lat49°2ff N.
Elbridge, p-t. Onondaga co, N, Y.
Elburg, t. Netherlanda, on the Zuyder Zee, 34
m, N. N. E. Utrecht. Lon. 5° 54' E. Lat 52°
3ffN. El-Carpio, v, Spain, on the Guadalquivir, 18
m, fr, Cordova,
Ekhe, t, Spain, in Valencia, It has manufac
tures of soap and leather. Pop. 15,000. 8 ra. S,
W. Alicant. Lon, 1° 37' W, Lat, 38° 29' N.
Ekhingen., v. Bavarian states, ou the Danube;
5 m, below Ulm,
.Elda, t. Spain, in Valencia, on the Elda, 20 m.
W, N. W. Alicant, Pop. 4,000.
Elde, r. Germany, faUs into Uio Elbe, near Do-
aiitz.

ELI
Eldridge, t. Huron co. Ohio.
Eleakh, in Sac. Geog. a place 1 m. fr. Hesh-
bon. Eleanor, Point, the N. exfremity of Knight's
island, in Prince William's sound. Lon. 213° 4
E., Lat 60° 37' N.
Eleanor's Cove, a harbor on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. 220° 61' E, Lat. 59° 44' N.
Eledgia, v. Armenia, where there ia a hot
spring, 21 m. fr. Erzerum,
Elephant Isle, a amall ialand 5 ra. in circnrafer-
ence, between Bombay and the W. coaat of India,
seleljrated for its wonderful cave, and mytholo
gical sculptures. Lon. 73° E. Lat 18° 57' N.
Ekphantina, isl, in the Nile, opposite Syene,
remarkable for the ruins with which it is cov
ered. Ektz, t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 115 m. E. S. E.
Orel. Eleven-point river, Missouri, runs into Whiti!
river. Eleusis, the modei'u Lefchimo, t Attica, 12 in.
N. W. Athens.
Eleuthera, or Alabaster Island, one of the larg
est of the Bahama ialanda. Lat. 24° 39' N. Lon.
76°22'W. Elfdal, V. Sweden, in Dalecarlia, 65 m. N. N.
W. Fahlun, Lon. 13° 58' E, Lat, 61° 14' 30" N.
Elfsborg, New, fort, Sweden, in West Gothland,
on an island at the mouth of the Moldal, 4 m, W.
Gothenburg. Elga, 1. Portugal, which runs into the Tagus,
near Alcantara, separating Spain and Portugal,
during its whole course of about 30 milea.
Elgin. See Moray.
Elgin, t. Scotiand, cap. of Elgin co. on the Los-
sie, 5 m. above its influx into the German ocean.
It is a royal borough. 634 ni. N. W. Aberdeen,
144 N.Edinburgh, Lon, 3° 4' W, Lat 57° 58'
N. Pop. 4,602.
Elham, or .-E/e/tam, t Eng. in Keut,.10 ra. S.
Canterbury. Elichpoor, district. Hind, in Berar, between 20°
and 22° .N. lat — ^EUchpoor, the capital, stands on
a branch ofthe Burda river, andisfortified. Lon.
78° 5' E. Lat. 21° 12' N.
Elizabethjt. Alleghany co. Pa. on the E, side of
tl;ie Monongahela, 18 m, S. S. E. Pittsburg. Pop.
3,368. Elisabeth, r. Va. ia formed by the union of 2
branches, at Norfolk, and flows into Hampton
Road, 8 miles below. It ia frora 150 to 200 fath
oms wide, and at common floods has 18 feet water
to Norfolk. Its entrance is defended by a fort ; see
Craney Island. The canal, connecting the wa
ters of Albemarle sound with Chesapeake bay,
communicates with the S. branch of Elizabeth
river, 9 m, above Norfolk,
Elisabethgrad, t and fort, Eu, Russia, in Cher
son, on the Ingul, 108 ra, W, Ekaterinoslav, Lon,
32° 27' 45" E, Lat 48° 30' 17" N,
Elizabeth's Bay, on the coast of Patagonia, in
the straits of MageUan, Lon, 73° 24' W, Lat,
e3°43'S, Elizabeth Cape, the N, E, point at the enfrance
of Cook's inlet Lat 59° 9' N,— There is another
cape of this narae, on the Main, Lat, 43° 22' N,
Elizabeth eity, co, Va, between York and James
rivers, having York and Warwick counties on
tiieW, Pop, 3,608, Slaves, 1,734, Chieftown,
Hampton, .
Elisabeth city, p-t, and cap, Pasquotank co, N,

ELK

239

C, on Pasquotank river, 40 m, N, E, Edenton, 50
S, Norfolk, with which it has a water communi
cation by the canal. The pubUo buildings are a
court-house and jail, and 4 churches, 2 for Bap
tiats, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for quakera,
Elisabeth islands, on the S, coast of Mass, be
tween Martha's Vineyard and the Maine, belcng-
ing to Duke's county, Lon. 70° 38'— 70° 56' W,
Lat, 41° 24'^1° 32' N, l^hey are about 16 in
number, the principal of which are Nashawn,
Pasqui, Nashawenua, Pinequese, and Chatta-
hunk, Elisabeth Island, isL in the straits of Magel
lan, Lon. 71° 46' W. Lat. 52° 6ff N. ¦
Elisabethtown, t. Leeds co. Up, Canada, on the
St Lawrence, 35 m, N, E. Kingston,
Elizabethtown, p-t, and cap, Essex co, N, Y. on
lake Champlain, 130 m. N, Albany, Pop. 1,362.
It containa a court-house and jail, and a State ar
senal. North-west bay, on lake Champlain, is in
this town, and there is a ferry to Panton, in Ver
mont, Elizabethtown, p-t, and bor. Essex co. N. J. 6 ra.
S. Newark, 15 W. S, W. New York, Lon, 74°
12' W, Lat 40° 38' N, Pop. 2,977, U is pleas
antly situated on Elizabethtown creek, which
eraptiea into Staten^ ialand sound, and contains an
academy, bank, and 3 houses for pubUc worship,
1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for
Methodists, The Presbyterian and Episcopaliaiif
churches are handsome brick buildings, Vesselst
of 20 or 30 tons come up to the town, and those
of 200 or 300 tons come aa far as Elizabethtown
Point, at the mouth of the creek, 2 miles distant
A steam-boat plies between the city of New York
and Elizabethtown Point.
Elisabethtown, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa, 18 ra.N,
W, Lancaster, 80 W. by N, PhUadelphia, Pop.
677, Elizabethtown. See Hagarstown.
Elisabethtown, p-t, and cap, Bladen co, N. C.
on the N. W. branch of Cape-Fear river, 40, m.
above Wilraington, 65 below Fayetteville.
Elisabethtown, p-t. and cap-. Carter cd. Ten. 25
ra. E. Blountsville.
Elizabethtown, p-t. and cap. Harden co. Ken'.'
45 m, S, by W, BlountsviUe, ' Pop, 181,
Elizabethtown, p-t Harrison co, Indiana,
-E/isoCT'/Ze, p-v, Fleming CO, Ken,
Elk, r. of the eastern shore of Maryland, is
formed by the union of Big and Littie Elk creeks,
at Elkton, and flows into the Chesapeake 13 miles
below. Elk, r. ripes on the W, side of the- Cumberland-
mountains, in Tenneaaee, and flowing S. W, into
Alabama, joins Tennessee river, a little above
the Muscle Shoals, 40 ra, W, N, W. Creeks cross
ing-place. Elk, t. Athens co, Ohio.
Elk creek, Pa, unites with Penn'a creek, and
falla intothe Susquehannah, 6 m, below Sunbury.
Elk creek, Ohio, runs into the Miami, in Madi
son, Butler CO. - ' '
Elkhorn, r. Ken, runs into Kentucky river, 8m,
below Frankfort,
Elkhorn, t. Montgomery co. Missouri,
Elk lake, between lake of the Woods and lake
Superior, Lon, 93° W, Lat. 48° 41' N.
-E/ft/aKd, t Lycoming CO. Pa, Pop. 91,
-E/it/icfc, t Somerset CO. Pa, Pop, 1,118,
Elkmarsh, p-v. Fauqier co, Va,
Elkoddam, v. Syria, 2 ra. S. Damascus.

240

ELL

Elkridge, t. Anne-Arundel co. Md. ou the S.
bank of the Patapsco, 8 m. S. W. Baltimore. It
is noted for its tobacco called kite's foot.
Elkrun, t Colurabiana co. Ohio. Pop. 782.
Elkrun church, p-v. Fauquier co, Va,
Elkton, p-t and cap, Cecil co, Md, at the forks
ef Elk river, 13 m; above ita mouth, at Turkey
point, 12 m. S, W, Christiana-bridge, 10 N,
Chariestown, 47 S, W, PhUadelphia, 56 N, E. Bal
tiraore, The tide flows up to the town, and there
was formerly a brisk trade between Philadelphia
and Baltjiiore, through this place. The village is
WeU-built, and the public buildings are a court
house and jail, a bank, and a Methodist church,
Elkton, p-t. Giles co. Ten,
Elkton, p-t. Christian co. Ken.
Ellen, T. Eng, which runa into the Iriah sea at
Maryport, in Cumberland.
Elknborough, v. Eng, in Cumberland, 6 ra. N,
Cockerraouth, Elkrbach, r. Gerraany, whiph runs into tho Mo
selle, 10 ra, above Beilstein.
Ellesmere, t. Eng. in Salop, 16 ra, N, Shrews
bury, Ellfeld, t. Duchy of Nassau, on the Rhine, 14
m, N, W, Mentz,
ElUcott, t. Chatauque co, (N, Y.) S. E. of Cha
tauque, Ellicotts, or Eleven-mile creek, N, Y. runs into
the Tonnewanta, at its entrance into Niagara
river, Ellicotts cross-roads, p-v. Curaberland co. Ken,
Ellicotts mills, p-v, Baltiraore co. Md,
EllicottsviUe. See Selsertawn.
Ellingen, t. Franconia, 4 m, N, Weissenburg,
Lon, 10° 66' E, Lat 48° 59' N,
Ellington, t Tolland co, Ct 13 ra, N, E, Hart
ford, Pop, 1,344,
Elliot, a missionary station of the American
Board of Foreign Missions, among the Choctaw
Indians, within the chartered limits of the State
of Mississippi, on the Yalo Busha creek, about 30
m. above its junction with the Yazoo, 400 m. W,
S.W, Brainerd, 146 fr, the Walnut HiUs ; which
last mentioned place is a little below the entrance
of the Yazoo into the Mississippi, and about 130
above Natchez, Lon, 89° 50' W, Lat, 33° 30' N,
By means of the Yalo Busha, Yazoo, and Missis
sippi, Elliot has a water coramunication with New
Orleans, In the summer of 1818, this place was
an entire -wilderness. In 1820, 50 or 60 acres of
excellent land had been cleared for cultivation, a
good proportion of it bottom land of inexhaustible
fertility; 8 commodious log cabins had been erect
ed for dwelling-houses, and, together with a
schoolhouse on the Lancasterian plan, a mill-
house, blacksmith's shop, and various other build
ings. See Choctaws and the Appendix.
Elliot's Island, sraall isl, in the gulf of Florida,
near the coast of East Florida, Lon, 8° 25' W,
Lat 26° 32' N,
Ellis, r. Oxford co, Maine, runs into the An
droscoggin, in Ruraford,
Ellis, r. Cooa co. N, H, runa into the Saco, at
BarUett, ,,
Ellisburg, p-t Jefferson co, N, Y, on lake Onta-
i;io. Pop, 1,'728. It is well situated for trade,
Ellis's Island, a sraall isl, in the Florida stream,
at the entrance of the gulf of Mexico, Lon, 81°
Iff W. Lat 24° 6ff N,
EUis Point, cape, on the N, W, coast of Amer-
i^a. Lat. 56° 31' N.
EUisvUle, p-v, Warren eo, N, C,

ELS
Ellon, V. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, 17 m, W.
Aberdeen, EUore, one of the north circars, on the W. side
of the bay of Bengal, between 16° and 17° N. lat.
EUore, the capital, ia on the N. side of the Colair
lake, through which it has been proposed to carry
a canal from the river Godavery to the Kiatnah.
Lon. 81° 10' E. Lat 16° 45' N.
EUisvUle, or Lower Blue Lick, p-v. Nicholas co.
Ken. Ellsworth, p-t Hancock oo. Maine, 24 m, N. E,
Castine, Pop. 614,
Ellsworth, t Grafton co. N, H, 11 m, N. N. W.
Plymouth. Pop.-142,
Elhwarth, p-v. and S, pariah, in Sharon, Litch
field CO, Ct 12 m, W. Litchfield.
Ellsworth, t Trumbull co. Ohio, on the W, side
of Canfield, 14 m, S. Warren.
EUwangen, t Wirteraberg, on the Jaxt, 32 m.
N. Ulm. Lon, 10° 12' E, Lat 48° 57' N.
Elma, t Russia, at the conflux of the Elma and
Petchora, 312 ra. E, Archangel.
Elmeky, or Elmley, isl. Eng. at the mouth of the
Thames, aeparated by a narrow stream from the
ialand of Sheppey.
Elmeshom, t. Denmark, in Holstein, 18 m. N.
W. Hamburg.
Elmham, North, v. Eng. in Norfolk, 5 m. E,
Dereham. Elmina, or St. George del Mina, the capital of
the Dutch settiements in W. Africa, and the most
respectable fortress on the Gold coast It is on
a peninsula, formed by a amaU river which runs
nearly paraUel with the sea. The river, though
smaU, wiU admit vessels of a hundred tona bur
den at high water, and they may load and unload
under the walls of the castle. Pop. 15,000. Lon.
2° 30' W. Lat 5° Iff N.
Elmira, or Newtown, p-t Tioga co. N, Y. on
Tioga river, at the mouth of Elmira creek, 20 nt
W, Spencer, 16 E. Painted-post Pop. 2,169, A
canal is contemplated to connect Seneca lake with
Tioga river, at this place.
Elmore, t Hind, in Cicacole. Lon. 84° Iff E
Lat 18° 24' N.
Elmore, t. Orleans co. Vt 16 m. N. MontpeUer.
Pop. 157.
Elmser Point, cape, on the N. coast ofthe isle of
Wight. Lon. 1° 14' E. Lat 60° 43' N.
Elmsley, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada.
Elnbogen, t. Bohemia, on the Eger, 30 m, N. E.
Eger, 75 N, N, W. Prague, Lon, 12° 46' E, Lat
60° Iff N,
Elne, t. France, in Eastem Pyrenees, 6 m. S.
S.E. Perpignan, Lon. 2° 58' 23" E, Lat 42° 35'
34" N,
Elan, in Sac. Geog. a town belonging to the Le
vites, in the tribe of Dan, There was another
town of this name in the fribe of Zebulon,
Eloro t. Hind, in Aurungabad, remarkable for
its mineral spring, and its temples cut out of the
solid rock, Lon, 76° E, Lat 19° 56' N,
Elphin, V. Ireland, in Roscommon, 75 m, from
DubUn, Eh-ich, t, Prussian States, in Westphalia, 6 m.
N. W, Nordhausen, Lon, 10° 4ff E, Lat, 51°
37' N,
Elsenborough, t Salem co, N, J, Pop, 517.
Elsfieth, t Grand duchy of Oldenburg, at the
conflux of the Hunter with the Weser, 17 m, E.
N, E, Oldenburg, Lon, 8° 26' 19" E, Lat 43° U'
21" N,
Elsinore, or fllsineur, s-p, Denmark, in Zea-

E M B
laid, on the W, side of the Sound, nearly oppo
site Helsingberg, in Sweden, at the part where
the Sound is less than ^railea acroas, Elsinore has
no harbor, but an excellent roadstcd, generally
crowded with veaaela anchoring here, eiUier to pay
toll or to take in stores. The product of the toll
varies from 120,000/, to 160,000/. sterling. 20 ra.
N. Copenhagen. Lon. 12° 37' 48" E. Lat, 66° 2'
16" N.
Elsnappen, s-p, Sweden, in Westraannland, on
aie Baltic, 32 m. E, N, E, Nykioping,
Elster, two rivers of Germany, one of which
passes by Leipsic, and falls into the Saale, The
other falls into the Elbe, 6 m. above Wittenberg,
Elsterberg, t Saxony, in the Vogtland, on the '
White Elster, 15 ra, S, W, Zwickau. Lon, 10°
9' E. Lat 50° 31' N,
Elsterwerda, t, Germany, on the Elster, at the
influx of the Pulsnitz, 26 m. N. N. W. Dresden,
Lon. 13° 28' E. Lat, 51° 25' JM,
Elstree, or Idlestree, v. Eng. in Hertford and
Middlesex, 11m, fr. London,
Eltham, t Eng. in Kent, 8 ra. S. S. E, London,
Eltman, t Franconia, on the Maine, 8 m, W.
N. W, Bamberg. Lon. 10° 43' E. Lat. 49° 58' N.
Elton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 1 m. fr. Bury,
Elton, an extensive salt lake of Russia, in Sara
tov. It yields about 100,000 tons annually,
EUvil. See Ellfeld.
Elvas, or Yelves, a strong frontier t Portugal,
in Alentejo, near the Guadiana, 3 leagues W. of
the Spanish forfress of Badajoz, 50 m, N. E. Evo
ra, 112 E, Lisbon, Lon, 6° 62' W, Lat, 38° 44i
N, Pop, 16,000,
Elven, t France, in Morbihan, 11 ra. N, E, Van
nes, Pop. 3,900,
Ehira, t, lUinois, on the waters of Cash river,
Ely, city, Eng, in Cambridge co. on the Ouse,
in a marshy district, called the Isle of Ely. It
has a fine and venerable cathedral, which ex
tends in length 517 feet, having a tower at the W,
end 270 feet in height The biahc^ of Ely has a
ciril jurisdiction over the isle, combined with his
ecclesiastical powers, whereby he appoints a
judge to determine all causes, holds assizes, and
exercises other magisterial functions, Ely is the
only city in England not represented in parlia
ment Pop, 4,249, 14 m, N, Cambridge, 66 N,
London. Ely, t Scotland, in Fife co, on the N. shore of
the frith of Forth. Pop. 886. 6 m. E. Largo.
Ely, t Richelieu aud Buckinghara counties.
Lower Canada, E, of Montreal.
Elyio, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio.
Elysian-fields, p-v. Amite co. Mississippi.
Eliie, t. Hanover, 9 m. S. W. Hildesheim. Lon,
9° 57' E. Lat 62° 6'N,
Embabe, v. Egypt, opposite to Boulac the port
of Cairo, Near Embabe, waa fought, in 1798,
the battle between Bonaparte and theMamelukes,
called the Battle of the Pyramids,
Embarrass, r. Illinois, runa into the Wabash, a -
littie below Vincennes, »
Embden, a-p, Hanover, on the Ems, at its in
flux into the North sea, at the bay of Dollart, It
has a spacioua and secure harbor, Lon, 7° 11' 1"
E, Lat 53° 22' 3" N,
Embden, t Somerset co, Maine, on Kennebec
river, 16 m. N, Norridgewock, Pop, 351,
Enfbies, small isl, France, 8 m, S, W, Toulon,
Lon. 5° 47' E, Lat 43° 4' 36" N.
Emboli, t, Eu, Turkey, in Macedon, at the

31

END

241

niouUi of the Strymon, 6 ra, W, Contessa, 45 E,
Saloniki. Embrun, t France, in Upper Alps, 55 ra. S. W,
Grencble, Lon, 6° 25' 9" E, Lat 44° 34' 7" N.
Embs, t. subject to Ausfria, on the Upper
Rhine, 10 m. S. Bregentz.
Embs, r. Holland, which runs into the Zuyder
Zee. Emdon Khal, v. Algiers, on the borders of ths
Sahara, 68 m, S, Seteef.
EmersonviUe, p-t Gibson co, Indiana.
Emery's river, small r. Roane co. Ten. runs into
Clinch river, 7 m. above Kingston.
Emfras, t. Abyaainia, Lon, 37° 38' 30" E, Lat,
12° 12' 38" N,
Emley. See Elmeky.
Emmanuel, co. Geo. on Ogechee river, which
separates it from Burke co,
Emmaus, in Sac, Geog- the name of 2 'villages
in Judea: one of which was aituated in a plain
near 'Tiberias ; the other, of which mention ia
made in Luke, was in the tribe of Judah, about 8
m, W, Jerusalem, and, according to NicephoruSj
is now called Nicopolis.
Emma-US, .p-t Northampton co. Pa,
Emmendingen, t. Baden, 19 m, S. S. E, Stras
burg, Lon, 8° 42' E, Lat, 48° 75' N.
Emmerich, t Prussian atatea, on the right bank
of the Rhine, 5 ra. N. E. Cleves, Lon, 6° 14' 61"
E, Lat, 51° 49' 52" N.
Emmittsburg, p-v, Frederick co, Md, between
Flat run and Tom's creek, the western sources of
Monocaay river, 1 m, S, Pennsylvania line, 24 N,
E, Fredericktown, 50 N, W, Baltimore, Lat 39°
Iff 30" N.
Emouy, Amoy, or Hiamen, isl. China, near the
S. E. coast, Lon. 118° 22' E, Lat, 24° Sff N.
Empoli, t Tuscany, on the Arno, 18 ra, S. W.
Florence. Emposta, t Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro, 14
ra, S, Tortosa.
Ems, e. Gerraany, which runs into the bay of
Dollart, in the North sea, a litUe below Embden.
Enaro, an extensive lake of Swedish Lapland,
40 miles long, and 16 broad. It coraraunicates
with the North sea. Lon. 27° 44' E. Lat, 69°
15'N, Enckhuysen, s-p, Holland, on the W. sidf ofthe
Zuyder Zee. The chief employment of the in-
habitfmta is ship-building, the herring fishery, and
the raanufacture of salt, 8 m, N. E. Hoorn, 25
N, N, E. Arasterdam. Lon. 5° 17' 41'' E. Lat.
52° 42' 22" N,
Endeavour River, on the N. coast of New Hol
land. Lat:i9° 26' S.
Endeavour Straits, channel, which separates
the island of New Guinea from the N, W, coast of
New Holland, about 30 milea long, by 15 wide.
Endelave, small isl, Denmark, a little to the E.
of Jutland. Lon. 10° 16' E, Lat. 56° 45' N.
Endian, t. Persia, in Kuziatan, which trades
with Bassora and Bebahan, Pop, 4,000 or 5,000.
Lat, 30° 18' N^
Endingen, t. Baden, 7 ra, N. W'; Friburg.
Endless Mountains, a name sometimes given to
the Alleghany mountains.
Endor, in Sao. Geog, t, in the tribe of Manas
seh, 4 m. S, E, Mount Tabor.
Endracht's Land, or Concord, an extensive low
and sterile tract ofthe W. coast of New Holland,
in wliich is Dampier or Shark's bay.
Endrick, *r. Scotland, which falls into Lochlo
mond.

242

ENG

ENG

Endrie, t A. Russila, on the river Akatsch, 20
m. fr. the Caspian sea. It ia the joint property of
several Tartar princes, who acknowledge the au
thority of the Rusaians.
Enesei, or Yenesei, r. Siberia, which riaea in the
bordera of Chineae Tartary, and, taking a N,
course, runa into the Frozen ocean, in lon, 82° 14'
E, lat72°2ffN,
Eneseisk, or Yeneseisk, t Siberia, in Tobolsk,
on the Enesei, Lon, 91° 5ff E. Lat 68° 16' N,
Enfield, t Eng. in Middlesex, 9 m. N, London.
EnfieM, p-t. Grafton co. N. H, 10 m, S. E. Dart
mouth College, 42 N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,291.
It contains a village of about 40 houses, which is
on Mascony pond ; and a village of Shakers.
Enfield,t. Harapahire co. Maas. on the E. aide of
Belchertown. Enfield, p-t. Hartford co. Ct. on the E. aide of
Connecticut river, opposite Suffield, with which
itis connected by abridge, 16 ra. N, Hartford,
Pop, 1,846, Hereia a aettlement of Shakera,
Enfield, p-t, Halifax co, N, C,
Engadine, a beautiful valley of Switzerland, in
the Grison country, along both sides of the Inn,
Engano, isl, in the E, Indian sea, off the S, W,
coast of Sumatra, Lon, 102° 2ff E. Lat, 10°
2ff S,
Engedi, in Sac, Geog, t in the wilderness of
the tribe of Judah, near the N, W, corner of the
Dead sea. Its earlier name was Hazason^tamar.
Engelholm, s-p, Sweden, in a bay, on the E.
side of the Cattegat, 46 m. N, W, Christianstadt,
Lon. 12° 62' 45" E, Lat, 66° 14' 20" N,
Engelsberg, t. Austrian Silesia, 22 ra, W, N, W.
Troppau, Lon, 7° 15' E, Lat, 49° 54' N.
Engen, t. Baden, 22 ra, W, Constance, Lon,
8° 46' E, Lat. 47° 53' N.
Enger, t. Westphalia, 20 ra, S, W, Minden,
Lon, 8° 23' E. 'Lat, 52° 8' N,
Enghien, t Netherlands, in Hainault, 15 m. S.
W, Bruaaels, Lon, 3° E. Lat, 50° 40 N, Pop,
3,050, Engia, (an, ,^gina,) isl, of Greece, situated iu
the gulf of Engia, between the coasta of Livadia
and the Morea, It is about 30 milea in circum
ference, 25 m, S, S, W, Athens. Lon, 23° 35'
E, Lat 37° 45' N.
Engia, Gulf of, or Gulf "f Miens, an arra of
the Archipelago, on the E, coaat of Greece, It
is' about 25 miles wide at the mouth, and 60 long,
from N, to S,
England, the southern and most considerable
division of Great Britain, bounded N. by Scot
land ; 6, by the Engliah channel, which dividea it
from France ; E. by the German ocean ; and W,
by Wales, the Atlantic ocean, and tbe Irish chan
nel. It is of a triangular figure, and extends
from 50° to 55° 40' N, lat, and from 1° 50' E. to 6°
W, lon. From N. to S, it is 400 miles long, and
in some places 300 broad. The superficial extent
is about 50,000 sq. miles, or 32,000,000 acres. Of
these, it is calculated, that about 10,500,000 acres
are in cultivation for tillage, and about 14,200,000
in pasturage f SjOOO^OOO more are capable of be
ing brought into cultivation. The population of
England and Wales was about 54 millions in 1700;
in 1750, 64 miUions; in 1770, 74 miUions; in
1790,8,675,000; in 1801, 9,168,000; and in 1811,
10,488,000, The country is divided into 40 countiea, which
wiU be found in the following table, with the pop-
-ulation and extent of each. • ,

Area in

COUNTIES.

Population

square

in 1811.

miles.

Bedford,

72,600

430

Berks,

122,300

744

Bucks, - - -

121,600

748

Cambridge,

104,600

686

Chester,

234,600

1,017

Cornwall,

233,900

1,407

Curaberland, - -

138,300

1,497

Derby, - - -

191,700

1,077

Devon,

396,100

2,488

Dorset, - - -

128,900

1,129

Durham,

183,600

1,040

Essex, - - -

260,900

1,625

Gloucester, -

296,100

1,122

Hereford,

97,300

971

Hertford, -

115,400

602

Huntingdon, -

43,700

345

Kent,

386,600

1,462

Lancashire,

856,000

1,806

Leicester,

165,000

816

Lincoln,

245,900

2,787

Middlesex, -

986,100

297

Monmouth,

64,200

616

Norfolk,

301,800

2,013

Northampton, -

146,100

965

Northumberland, -

177,900

1,809

Nottingham, -

168,400

774

Oxford,

126,200

742

Rutiand,

17,000

200

Salop,

200,800

1,403

Somerset,

313,300

1,549

Southampton,

253,300

1,533

Stafford, -

304,000

1,196

Suffolk,

" 242,900

1,566

Surrey, - - -

334,700

811

Sussex,

196,600

1,461

Warwick,

236,400

984

Westmoreland,

47,500

722

Wilts, -

200,300

1,283

Worcester,

165,900

674

York, East,

173,000

1,268

NorUi,

167,600

2,112

West,

675,100

2,633

England,

9,866,400

50,210

Wales,

632,600

8,125

10,488,000
58,335
Of the population, 1,789,631 persons were em
ployed in trade, mauufaetures, and handicraft,
and 1,524,227 in agrichlture. The soU of Eng
land ia ^Tirious, but a great proportion good, and
under excellent cultivation. "The principal pro
ductions are wheat, bai'ley, oata, rye, French
wheat, beans, and peas. The cUmate is Uable to
sudden and frequent changes, and to great varia
tions of dryness and moisture. The general
range of the thermometer ia from 86 degrees in
summer to 16 and 10 in winter. The prevailing
winds are the west and south-west
The manufactures of England are of prodigious
extent. The manufacture of wool is one of the
most ancient. At the end of the 16th century,
the total value of woollen manufactured, "was es
timated at 8,000,000/. ; in 1783, at 16,800,000/. !
in 1800, at 19,800,000/. ; and it does not appear
to have increased much since. The -value of the
woollen manufactures exported was, in 1790,
5)190,637/. ; in 1800, 6,918,175/. -, in 1812i
ENG
5,084,991/. The cotton manufacture is of recent
establishment In 1705, the cotton imported,
amounted to 1,170,881 pounds. But the invention
of Sir Richard Arkwright' a celebrated machinery
gave a rapid extension to the cotton raanufacture.
In 1781, about five raillion pounds of cotton were
imported; in 1787, 22,176,887; in 1812, (in
cluding Scotiand,) 91,662,344; and in 1818,
124,996,427, The official value of the cotton
manufactures, and cotton yarn, exported, in
1805, amounted to 9,857,348/, ; and in 1815,
to 17,869,102/, — The hardware manufactures,
of iron and steel, copper and brass, are next
in importance, 'The annual value of the iron
and steel articlea manufactured, may be esti
mated at 10,000,000/. annually.— The ailk and
Unen manufactures are carried on in England,
but not to any great extent, English earthen
ware is finished with beauty and taste, and in
great variety, principally at the potteries of Staf
fordshire; and glass is manufactured in various
parts, chiefly in Newcastle, Sunderland, and Bris
tol. China ware of a very auperior quality ia
made in Derby and Worcester, In London, eve
ry sort of fine and elegant manufacture is carried
on, such as cutiery, jewellery, articles of gold
and silver, japan ware, cut glass, cabinet and
upholstery work, and gentiemen' a carriages,
clocks, watches, &c.
The commerce of England consists almost
wholly in the exchange of her manufacturea for
the raw produce of other parts of the world,
— The foUowing is an official account of the value
gf the whole exports aud imports of England from
the year 1719 :

ENT

243

Years.

Imports.

Exports.

1719,

L. 5,367,499

L. 6,834,716

1729,

7,540,620

8,239,924

1739,

7,829,373

8,843,624

1749,

7,917,804

12,678,758

1759,

8,922,976

13,947,788

1769,

11,908,660

13,438,236

1779,

10,762,240

12,352,052

1789,

16,408,040

17,989,395

1799,

24,483,841

31,723,727

1809,

27,142,541

45,918,663

1814,

24,362,124

37,647,874

There are employed in carrying on this extensive
trade about 17,000 vesaels, ofthe burden of about
2,100,000 tons, aud navigated by 130,000 men and
i>oys. The King ia considered the supreme heaf of the
church of England. Thcepiacopal establishment
consiats of the two archbishops of Canterbury
and York, and of 24 bishops, who have the privi
lege of a seat in the house of peers. There is also
the bishop of Sodorand Man, who is not possessed
of this privUege, The archbishop of Canterbury
ia the primate of all England, and takes prece
dence of aU persons, with the exception of the
royal family. The biahopa of London, Durham,
and Wincheater, take precedence of aU the other
bishops, and the others rank according to'the sen
iority of their consecrations. The next order is
that of the archdeacons, of whom there are about
60 ; after these are the deacons, vicars, rect9rs,
and qurates, on whom devolve the substantial du
ties ofthe priesthood. The revenue appropriated
to the support of the church of England, may be
estimated at about 3,000,000/, which is principally
derived from tithes.
The constitution of England ii a limited mon

archy. The executive powers are vested in the
king, who acts tiirough the medium of responsible
advisers. The legislative power resides in the
king, lords, and commons. The comraons are
elected by the people as their representatives, to
watch over their interests, and to act as a control
on the executive. J ustice, both civil and crimin
al, is administered by judges appointed by the
crown, but who hold their offices independent of
it. — ForfurUier particulars respecting England,
see Britain.
Englefield, v. Eng. in Berks, 5 ra. W, Reading.
EngUsh Cove, bay, on the S. W. coast of New
Ireland, 7 ra. N, N, W. Cape St George.
English Harbor, a flne harbor in the island of
Antigua, on the S, shore, Lon, 61° 27' 30"' W.
Lat 17° 8' 25" N.
English Island, or Long Island, sraall isl. near
the coast of Natolia, at the entrance of the gulf
of Smyrna. Lon. 26° 24' E. Lat 38° 38' N.
English neighborhood, v. Bergen co. N. J. on a
N. E. branch of the Hackinsao, W, of Fort Lee,
English Point, cape, in the river St, Lawrence.
Lon, 61° 45' W, Lat. 49° 40' N.— There is an
other cape of this name, on the ^. coast of New
foundland, Lon, 53° 29' W. Lat 46° 49' N.
English town, p-v, Monmouth co, N.J, 18 m»
E. Princeton, 21 W, Shrewsbury,
English turn, (Detour des Anglais,) a bend of
Mississippi river, 18 ra, below New Orleans, 87
above the Balize, It is defended by forts,
Enguias, e. of the Sahara, in Africa, which
falls into the Atlantic, Lat 26° 40' N, '
.Enkioping, t Sweden, 21 m, S. W, Upsal,
Ennesat, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 6 ra, E.
N, E. Riora,
Ennis, or Clare, t. Ireland, cap, of Clare co, on
the Fergus, 17 m, N, W, Liraerick, 112 S.W,
Dublin, Enniscorthy, t Ireland, in Wexford, 10 ra, E.
Wexford, 69 S, W, DubUn,
Ennisidllen, t. Ireland, cap. of Fermanagh CD.
on an island in Lough Erne, 10 m, N, Wexford-.
Pop, 3^208.
Enns, t Austria, 49 m. E. S, E. Passau, 80 W.
Vienna. Lon. 14° 29' E. Lat 48° 20' N.
Enns, r. Austria, which rises in the duchy of
Saltzburg, flows through Styria, and Lower-
Austria, and falls into th,e Danube, at tile town
of Enns. It is navigable in the lower part of its
course, but in Styria it has several considerable
cataracts. Eno, r. 1)1. C, which unites with LitUe riv^r
and Flat river, 17 ra, below Hillaborough, in Or
ange CO, to foriji the Neuse. ''
Enon, in Sac. Geog. t between Salim and the
Jordan, about 8 ra, S. Bethahan, and 52 N. E. Je
rusalem. Enoree, r. S. C. a N.W. branch of Broad river.
Its raouth is 5 railes below the mouth of Tyger
river. Enos, raaritirae t Eu. Turkey, in Roraania, 28
m, N.W. GallipoU, 63 S. Adrianople. Lou. 26°
1' E, Lat 40?" 4ff N. Pop, 7,750, It is the en
trepot of all the merchandize interchanged be
tween Adrianople and Smyrna, •
Enosburg, p-t, FrankUn eo. Vt, on Missisque
river, 35 ra. N, E. Burlington. Pop. 704,
Enowtawkaia, v. A, Russia, in Astrakhan, 20
m, S, E, Tchernoyar,
Ensene. See Abade.
Entraigues, t. France, in Aveyron, at the con
fluence ofthe Truyere and Lot, 18 m, N.'Rhodez.

244

E P H

E R I

Entraines, t. France, in Mayenne, 6 m. from
Laval, Entre Duero e Minho, the moat northern prov
ince of Portugal,- Ita capital ia Braga, but its lar
gest town is Oporto, Pop, 900,000, It produces
maize, oU, fruit, and the well known port wine.
Enirevaux, I. France, on the Var, 16 m, E,N,
E, Castellane, Lon, 6° 48' 47' E, Lat, 43° 56'
39" N,
Enz, amall r, Baden and Wirtemberg, which
flows into the Neckar.
Enzelti, t. Persia, in Ghilan, on the S, W, coast
of the Caspian aea, 6 m. N, Reshd,
Enzersdorf, small fortified t. Lower Austria,
near which was the great battle of Aspem, 9 m,
t, Vienna, 24 W, Presburg,
-Eo, or Miranda, t. Spain, which separates the
province of Asturias from Galicia, and runs into
the Atlantic, N, of Rivandeo,
Eaaa, or Middkburg, isl, in the Pacific ocean,
the most eastern of the Friendly islands. Lon,
174° Sff E. Lat 21° 24' S.
-Epe, V. Netherlands, iu Guelderland, 10 m, N.
"by 'W, Deventer.
Eperies, t Hungary, in Scharosch, on the Tar-
za, 16 m. N, Caschau, Lon, 21° 16' E. Lat 48°
68' N, Pop, 7,400,
Epernay, t Franoe, on the Marne, 14 m. S.
Rheims, Lon. 3° 58' E, Lat 49° 3' N.
Epemon, t France, in Eure-and-Loir, 13 m. N.
E, Chartres,
Ephesdammim, or Pasdammim, in Sac, Geog, a
place in the tribe of Judah.
Ephesus, anciently one of the moat splendid
cities of Asia Minor, and considered the metropolis
of aU Asia ; 39 m',/ S, Smyrna, near the mouth of
the river Cayster. Lon. 27° 37' E. Lat. 37° 50' N,
The most eminent masters both in sculpture and
painting, were natives of this city, and c- tributed
to adprn -its templea with their choicest works.
But the grei t ornament of Ephesus waa Uie cele-
teated temple of Diana, which was built at the
joint expence of all the states of Asia ; and for its
structure, size, and the splendour of its decora
tions, was accounted one of the wonders of the
world. The temple was 426 feet in lengtii, and
200 in breadth, supported by 127 pillars of Parian
marble, and of the Ionic order, each 60 feet in
height. These pillars were the works of so many
kings, and 36 of them were curiously carved by
Scopas, one of the most famous sculptors of anti
quity. Each pillar, with its base, was calculated
to contain 150 tons of raarble. It waa extremely
rich in ita internal decorationa, and contained va-
-irious statues and pictures, some of which were the
most perfect productions of antiquity. This cele
brated edifice was destroyed during the invasion
of the Goths, A. D, 260. Ephesus is now a mis
erable vfllage of raud cottages, with about a dozen
sraall square buildings of brick, and inhabited by
40 or 50 families of Turlrish herdsmen, who live in
extreme wretchedness, without one Christian
among thera ; so completely haa tiie glory of tiie
ancient city passed away,
Ephraim, Mount, in SaC, Geog. a range of hills
in the tribes of Ef hraim and Benjamin.
Ephratah, in Sac. Geog, See Bethlehem,
Ephrata, or Dunkard's town, p-t. Lancaster co.
Pa, on Cocalico creek, a branch of Uie Conestago,
12 ra.. N. Lancaster, 60 W, Philadelphia. It ia
settled by a religiovi--< sect from Germany, called
Duakcrs-

L'pidaurus, v, of the Morea, in Argolis, with a
good port,
Epilla, t. Spain, in Arragon, 17 ra. W, Sara
gossa. Epinac, t. France, in Saofie-and-Loire, 11 m.
E. N, E, Autun,
Epinal, t. France, capitalof Voagea, onthe Mo-
aeUe, 10 ra. N, W, Remiremont Lon, 6° 34' E.
Lat 48° 12' N, Pop, 7,500.
Epingen, t. Baden, 18 ra. S. S E, Heidelberg,
Epirus, an extensive country in the N, W, part
of Greece, stretching along the eastern side ofthe
Adriatic, from the Acroceraunian mountains to
the river Arta. It now constitutes the southern
part of Albania.
Episcopi. See Piscopia.
Epping, t. Eng. in Essex, 17 m. N. N. E. Lon
don. Epping, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H, 20 m, W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,182.
Epsom, t Eng, in Surrey, 15 m. S, London.
Epsom, p-t. Rockingham co, N, H. 10 m, E,
Concord, 45 N. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,156.
Epworth, t Eng. in Lincoln, situated on the isle
of Axholm, 1 1 m. N. Gainsborough.
Erabliere, r. Indiana, runs into the Wabash, on
the N. side, between Fort Harrison and Tippeca
noe creek.
Eraklea, (an. Heracka,) t Eu, Turkey, in Ro
mania, on the sea of Marmora, 18 m, S, Rodoato,
46 W. Conatantinople. Pop, 7,000,
Erbach, county of Franconia, in the tract called
the Odenwald, Pop. about 24,200. Erbach, Uie
capital, is 20 m. N. E. Manheim,
Erbil, (an, Arbela,) t Persia, in the pachaUc of
Bagdad, near which Alexander the Great defeat
ed Darius. 60 ra.E. Mosul. Lon. 43° 2ff E, Lat
36° 11' N,
Erfurt, t. Saxony, now belonging to Prussia, on
the Gera, The population, 18,000, is partiy Lu
theran, and partly CathoUc, .A university was
founded here in 1392, but was suppressed in 1816.
Erfurt has a well built citadel on an eminence,
called Pctersberg, The inhabitauts are partly
employed in the manufacture of wooUens and silk.
12 m, W. Weimar, 110 W, Dresden, 160 E. Co
logne, Lon. 1 1° 2' 26" E, Lat 50° 5? 46" N,
Eri, 1-. Italy, in Uie Popedom, which faUs into
the Tuscan sea, 13 m, from Civita Vecchia,
Eribale, Loch, an inlet of the aea, on the coast
of Scotland, in Sutherland,
Ericcyra, t Portugal, on the aea coast, 20 m, N.
W, Lisbon.
Ericho, (an, Oricum,) harbour of Albania, in
the gulf of Avlona.
ErichI, r. Scotland, in Perthshire, falls into the
Isla near Cupar,
Erie, co, the N. W. comer of Pa. bounded N.
by Lake Erie, E. by Ne-H'-York, S, by Crawford
CO. and \Y. by Ohio, Pop, 3,768, Chief to-wn,
Erie. Erie, CO. N.Y. taken, in 1821, from Niagara
county. Eric, or Presque isle, p-t. and cap, Erie co. Pa.
pleasanUy situated on the S, side of Lake Erie, on
the margin of a bay formed by Presque isle ; 80
m. B, S. W. Buflalo, 136 N, Pittsburg, 100 E.
Cleveland, Pop, 39 1. It contains a court-house,
jail, and printing office. It has an exceUent har
bour for small vessels, but the entrance is narrow
and difficult The trade of the town is already
considerable. The shipping, in 1815, araounted to

ERL

E R 2

24£

549 tons. The portage between thia place and
French creek, one of the branches of Alleghany
river, is only 16 milea, aud a turnpike has been
completed through this distance.
jEric canal. See Neic- York, State of.
Erie, Fort, a fort, vrith a small village, in Ber
tie, Lincoln co. Up. Canada, at the outlet of Lake
Erie, opposite Black rock, N. Y. 18 m. above the
fells of Niagara. *
Erie lake, N. America, between 41° 20' and 43°
N. lat and between 79° 5ff and 83° 2ff W. lon.
The boundary between the U. States and Up
per Canada runs through the centre of the lake.
It is 290 miles long from S. W, to N. E. ; in the
widest part 634 broad, and in circumference 658
nules. It receives the waters of Lakes Superior,
Michigan, Huron, and St. Clair, through Detroit
river, and discharges itself into Lake Ontario
through Niagara river. Its greatest depth is 40
and 46 fathoms, and it has many good harbours.
This lake is finely situated for commerce. On
the N, W, it is connected by an easy navigation
with the upper lakes. On the S. Uie rivers which
flow into it interlock vrith the branches of Ohio
river, and canals might be made in several pla
ces at a friffing expense, which would open the
navigation, and connect the lake with the vast
vaUey of the Mississippi, On the E. a Grand ca
nal is now in in progress to connect it with the
Hudson, Gales of wind frequently occur late iu
the fall, and bring with them a heavy swell, with
every characteristic of a gale of wind at sea ; but
the lake affords a safe navigation 7 months of the
year. The amount of shipping on the lake be
longing to the U, States, in 1819, was 2,334 tons,
A steam-boat regularly pUes frora May to Novera-
ber between Buffalo and . Detroit through the
whole length of the lake, A battie was fought
here on the 10th Sept 1813, between the Araeri
can fleet under Commodore Perry, andtheBritiah
fleet, in which the latter was taken,
EriemUe, p-v. Madison co, N, Y,
Erimo-Kastro, t. Greece, in Livadia, on the
eastem declivity of Mount Helicon,
Erin, t. Indiana on the Ohio, opposite Port
WiUiam, at the mouth of Kentucky river, 10 ra,
below Vevay, and 12 above Madison, It ia on
elevated ground, and was laid out in 1815.
Erith, V. Eng. in Kent, on the Thames, 2 m. E.
Woolwich. Eritria, (au. Erythra,) t NatoUa, 36. m, W.
Smyrna. Erivan, sometimes called Persian Armenia, a
province of Persia, bounded S. by the river Arax
es. The principal towns are Erivan and Nacsi-
van. Erivan, the capital of the province of Erivan, is
on the Tergni, which faUs into the Araxes, 3
leagues below. It is commanded by a spacious
castie built on a steep rook. It has suffered se
verely from repeated sieges, which have reduced
it to a ruinous condition. Lon. 44° 35' E. Lat
40°2ffN. Pop, 15,000,
Erkelens, t. Pruaaian atatea, 28 m, N, E. Aix-la-
Chapelle. Lon, 6° 13' E, Lat 51° 8' N.
Erlach, t Switzerland, 15 ra, W, N, W. Bern.
Erlan, t. Hungary, The population, in num
ber about 15,000, ia of mixed deacent, being Ger-
mana, Hungariana, and Rascians. It ia the see of
a bishop, and the seat of a university. The cita
del ia strong and stands on alofty rock. The town
suffered frequently in former times in the Turkish

wars. 38 m. N, E, Buda, 120 E, S, E, Vienna,
Lon. 20° 21' 46" E. Lat. 47° 53' 54" N,
Erlangen, t. Bavaria, It has a university, 11
ra. N, Nuremberg, 19 S, Bamberg. Lon, 11° 4'
E, Lat, 49° 36' 36" N,
Erlenbach, v. Bavarian states, in tiie circle of
the Rhine, near Kaiserslautern.
Erlenbach, v. Switzerland, 18 ra. S. Berne,
Ermenonvilk, v. France, in Oise, 5 m. S. E, Sen
lis, Ematia, t. Natolia, on the gulf of Sataiia, 16 m.
N, W, Sataiia, Lon. 30° 24' E, Lat. 36° 5ff N.
Erne, r. Ireland, which flows into the bay of
Donegal, 3 m, below BaUyahannon,
Erne, r. Eng. which runs into the English chan
nel, 5 ra, S, S. W. Modbury,
Ernee, t. France, 12 ra, W, Mayenne, Pop.
4,750, Ernest, t. in Lenox and Haddington co. Upper
Canada, on Lake Ontario, W. of Kingston, ad
joining. It is sheltered from the Lake by Amherst
island. Ernspach, t, Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 4 ra.
N, Ohringeu.
Erouad, a fortified t, Hindostan, Lon, 77° SO'
E, Lat 11° 19' N,
Erqui, Cape, on the coast of France, in Cotes du
Nord, Lon, 2° 37' W, Lat 48° 3.5' N,
Erreef, or Rif, province of Morocco, on the
Mediterranean, Erra, r. Italy, which runs into the Borraida, 3
m, S, W. Acqui,
Erroad, or Erodu, t. Hind, in Coirabetoor, 1 04 m.
S, E, Seringapatara, Lon. 77° 6ff E, Lat. 11° 19'N.
Errol, t. Coos co, N, H. 1.04 ra, N. Concord, 25
from Stratford, on Connecticut river,
Erromango, isl, one ofthe New Hebrides, Lon-
169° 2ff E. Lat, 13° Sff S.
Erroor, t. India, in Mysore. Lon, 76° 39' E,
Lat, 13° 48' N.
Erstein, t. Alsace, on the IU, 12 m,S. Strasburg.
Erl Holmer, a group of islands in the Baltic, be
longing to Deiunark ; 8 ra, N. E, Bornholm.
Erwash, r. Eng, which falls into the Trent, 4 m.
S, W, Nottingham,
Erwina, p-v. Bucks co. Pa.
ErwinsviUe, p-v, Rutherford co. N, C,
Erxas, r, Portugal, which separates the prov
ince of Beira from Spanish Estremadura,
Erzerum, the chief city of Armenia, and cap. of
a pachalic of the same name. Manufactures of
considerable extent are established here, and an
extensive trade is carried on in copper, and in ar
ticles from Persia, and the countries N. W. of
Hindostan^ The population amounts to 100,000
or 130,000, Turks, Greeks, Persians, and Arme
nians, 250 m. N. N, E, Aleppo, Lon, 40° 57' E.
Lat 39° 57' N,
Erzgebirg, (i. e. MetalUferous Mountains,) a
chain of mountains in the heart of Germany,
which run between Saxony and Bohemia, untfl
they meet the Riesengebirg, on the frontiers ot
Silesia, Erzgebirg, a circle of the kingdom of Saxony,
aeparated frora Boheraia by the Erzgebirg moun
tains. Pop. 460,000, Its principal towns are
Freyberg, Altenburg, Cheranitz, and Zwickau;
ita chief branch of induatry is the working of the
mines. Here are found iron, copper, tin, lead, co
balt, bismuth, and arsenic ; the yearly produce,
though fluctuating, is computed from 300,000 /, tc
400,000 /, SterUng
12,000,

to
the number of minora at

246

E S K

Esaro, r. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, which falls
into the sea near Crotona,
Escala, La, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the coast
ofthe Mediterranean, 22 m, E, Gerona, Lon, 2°
57' W, Lat 42° 7'N.
Escalona, t. Spain, in Toledo,' on the Alberche,
20 ra, N, W, Toledo, 32 S, W, Madrid. Lon. 4°
37' W, Lat 40° 15' N.
Escambia, r. rises in Alabama, and running into
W, Florida, joins the Conecah on the W, side-
Sometimes the Conecah, which is the principal
streara, is called Escambia.
Escape Point, cape on the W, coast of the island
of ReviUa Gigedo, Lon, 228° 30' E, Lat 65°
37' N,
Escatari, sraall isl. Lower Canada, about 5 m.
N. Louiaburg, in the island of Cape Breton.
Eschwege, t. Germany, in Hesse Cassel, on the
Werra, 27 m, E, S. E, Caasel,
Escudo de Veragua, amall ial, near the coast of
Veragua, Lon, 81° 5' W, Lat 8° N.
Escurial, v, Spain, 20 ra. N. W, Madrid, and
celebrated for its palace, accounted by the Span
iards the 8th wonder of the world. This magnifi
cent structure was erected by Philip 11, in com-
memoration of the victory of St, Quentin, at an
expence of nearly 3,000,000/, sterling. The rpyal
apartments contain the finestpaintings, arranged in
two adjoining galleries. The library contains a
valuable collection of manuscripts and old books.
There are beautiful gardens adjacent to the pal
ace, Lon. 4° 7' 50" W, Lat 40° 35' 60" N,
Esens, t. Hanover, 20 ra, N. N, E, Emden, Lon,
7° Sff E, Lat, 53° 36' N,
Esfere, or Ashfera, t. Turkestan, on a river
which runs into Jihon, 20 m, S, E, Kojend.
Esgreville, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 9 m,
S, E. Nemours,
Esgueira, t. Portugal, in Beira, 8 m. S. Ave
iro, Eshaness, cape on the W. coast of Mainland,
the largest of the Shetland islands, Lon, 2° 4' W,
Lat 60° SO'N,
Eshref. See Asheref.
Eshtaol, iu Sac, Geog, t in tlie plains of Judah,
belonging to the tribe of Dan,
Eshy-Adalia, (an. Side,) a city of Asia Minor,
on the coast of Caramania, now in ruins,
Esino, I-, Italy, which falls into the gulf of Ven
ice between Ancona and Senigaglia,
Esk, r, Scotland, which, after forming the
boundary of the two kingdoms for some miles, en
ters England, and faUs into the Solway frith,
Esk, North, I. Scotland, which runs into the
sea at Muaaelburgh, 5 m, E, Edinburgh,
Esk, North, r, Scotiand, which falla into the
German ocean about 3 ra, N, Montrose,
Esk, South, r. Scotiand, which falls into the
North Eak below Dalkeith,
. Esk, South, r. Scotland, in Forfar, which falla
into the sea at Montrose,
Eski-hissar, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, 1 6 ra, W.
Mogla, Eskilsluna, t. Sweden, 64 m, W. Stockholm,
Lon, 16° 18' E, Lat 59° 2ff N,
Eskimaux. See Labrador.
Eskimaux Bay, bay on the S. coast of Labrador,
Lon, 57° Sff W,' Lat 51° 3ff N,
Esldmaux, cape in Hudson's bay, Lon, 94°
Sff W, Lat 61° 12'N,
Eskimaux Islandi, small islands in the gulf of St.
Lawrence, near the S, coast of Labrador, Lon-
6r;° W, Lat, 50° 1.6' N.

ESS
Eski-Sagra, t Eu, Turkey, in Romania, 60
m, E, by N, PhilippopoU, Pop, said to be 20,000.-
Esla, r, Spain, which faUs into the Douro, be
tween Miranda de Douro and Zamora,
Esmeraldas, t. Caraccas,, on the N, shore of the
Orinoco, near the junction ot the Cassiquiari,
Lon, 66° 3' W, Lat 3° 1 1' N.
Esmeraldas, province on the coast of Quito, be-
tlteen Guayaquil and Barbacoas, Esmeraldas,
the port, is in lat 0° 63' N,
Esne, or Aine, (an, Latopolis,) t. Egypt, onthe
Nile, and the last place of any magnitude on the
side of Nubia ; chiefly reraarkable for the raina
of the ancient city, Lon, 32° 44' 41" E, Lat 25°
17' 38" N,
Esopus, t Ulster co, N. Y, on the Hudson, 4 m.
below Kingston, Pop. 1,026. The tovrnof Kings
ton is soraetimes called Esopus.
Esopus, creek, Ulster co. N. Y. runs into the
Hudson at Saugerties, 11m. below CatskiU.
Espartil, smaU isl. in the Mediterranean, a h't-
tie N. of Formentera. Lon. 1° 25' E. Lat 38°
48' N.
Esperance, p-v. in Schoharie, Schoharie co.
N. Y. 8 m- N, Schoharie-village, 26 m, W. Al
bany, Esperance Bay, on the S, coast of New Holland,
Lon. 121° 47' 14" E, Lat 33° 56' 17" S>
Espichel, Cape, on the W, coast of Portugal.
Lat, 38° 23' N.
Espiers, t. Netiierlands, in West Flanders, de
partraent of Jemappe, 8 m. N. Tournay.
Espinosa de los Monteros, t Spain, in Old Cas
tile, 30 m. W. Burgos.
Espiritu-Santa. See Spiritu Santa.
Esposenda, t. Portugal, in Entre-Douro-e-Min-
ho, near the mouth ofthe Cavado, 22 m, N, Opor
to, Lon, 8° 24' W, Lat 41° 32' N,
Esquimaux. See Eskimaux.
Esseck, t. and fort, Ausfrian empire, in Sclavo
nia, on the Drave, 2 mUes above its influx into
the Danube, 80 m. N. W. Belgrade, Lon, 18"
42' 5" E, Lat 46° 34' 1?" N, Pop, 9,000,
Essen, t. Prussian states, in Beig, 16 m. N, .\.
E. Dusseldorf, Lon, 6° 67' E, Lat 51° 27' 49' N.
Pop, 4,300,
Essequebo, r, Guiana, which runs into the At-^
lantic in lon. 69° W. lat 6° 45' N. It is of very
difficult navigation, pwing to the banks of sand
which run across the entrance.
Essequebo, a pro-vince of Guiana, lying along
the banks of Essequebo river. It formerly belong
ed to the Dutch, but was finally ceded to Britain
at the peace of 1814. It produces coffee, cotton,
cocoa, and sugar.
Essex, a maritime co. Eng. bounded N. by
Cambridge and Suffolk, E. by the German ocean,
S. by the Thames, which separates it from Kent,
and W. by Hertford and Middlesex. It contains
1,473 square railes, or 942,720 acres, of which
50,000 are in woods and plantations, and 15,000
waste. It has long been faraed for the excellence
of its wheat Pop. in 1811, 25';,473. Families,
61,643; of which nuraber 28,51'7 were engaged
in agriculture, and 14,182 in manufactures.,
Esse.r, co. Up. Canada ; comprises the counfry
between Lake St. Clair and Lalce Erie, bounded
W. by Detroit river, and E. by SuffoUj co. Chief
town, Amherstburg.
Essex, CO. the N. E. part of Vermont, bounded
N. by Canada, E. by Connecticut river, which
separates it from New-Hampshire, S. by Caleilo-

EST
uia CO, and W, by Orleans CO, Pop, 3,087, Chief
town, Guildhall,
Essex, t, Chittenden co, Vt on Onion river, 8
m. E, BurUngton, Pop, 967,
Essex, CO, Mass. in the N, E. part of the state.
Pop, 71,888. The principal towna are Salem,
Newburyport, Marblehead, Gloucester andlps"-
wich. The amount of shipping in 1815, was
86,672 tons.
Essex, t Essex co. Mass. on Chebacco river, 2 m.
above its mouth, 6 m. S. S, E, Ipswich, 12 m, N,
E, Salem, The riv^r is navigable for sloops of 60
tons. Here are built the boats called Chebacco
boats. Essex formerly constituted the S, parish of
Ipswich, and was called Chebacco,
Essex, CO, N. Y. on Lake Champlain, bounded
N. by CUnton and Franklin cos, E, by Lake Cham
plain, S, by Waahington CO, and W, by Montgome-
ly and FrankUn cos. Pop, 9,477, Chieftown,
ElizabeUitown. Essex, p-t, Essex co, N, Y. on Lake Charaplain,
136 m, from Albany, Pop, 1,186. The Split
rock, in this town, is a rock projecting 60' yards
into the Lake, the point of which, conaiating of
about 4 an acre and covered with trees, ia remov
ed from the main rock about 20 feet. The height
of the rock on each aide of the fiaaure ia about 12
feet above the water,
Essex, CO, N, J. on Hudson river, opposite New-
York, bounded N, by Bergen co. E, by Bergen co.
and Newark bay, S, by Middlesex co, and 'W. by
Somerset and iVIorria cos. Pop. 25,984. Chief
to-wns, Newark and EUzabethtown.
Essex, CO, Va, bounded N, by Rappahannock,
Which separates it from Richmond co, and inclo
sed on the other sides by Middlesex, King Will
iam, and Caroline countiea. Pop, 9,376, Slaves,
5,679, Chieftown, Tappahannock,
Essington Port, ao extensive sound ou the coast
of New Cornwall, in N, America, Lon, 230° 12'
E, Lat 64° 14' N.
Essling, V. Austria, on the left bank of the Dan
ube, about 2 leagues below Vienna ; near which
a battle was fought between Bonaparte and the
Austrians on the 21st and22d May, 1809.
Esslingen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Neckar, 6 ra.
E. S. E. Stutgard, 34 N. W. Ulm. Lon, 9° 23' E,
Lat 48° 45' N. Pop. 7,200.
Essomes, t France, in Aisn^ 3 hi, S. W. Chat
eau-Thierry. Essonne, t France, 15 m, S. Paris.
Estachar, Estaker, or Istachar, t. Persia, in
Kuzistan, near which are the ruins of the celebra
ted Persepolis. These stand on a plain usually
called Murdasjo, 106 miles in length, and 6 in
breadth, which is said to have contained 880 villa
ges. 30 m. N, N, E, Schiras, 160 S, S, E. Ispa
han, Lon. 53° 4ff E. Lat. 30° 6' N,
Estafort, t, France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 9 ra.
S. Agen.
Estaire, t. France, on the Lys, dep, of North?
14m,W,LUle, Pop, 6,700.
Estampes, or Laet, small r, France, which, uni
ted with the Jurae, forms the Essonne,
Estardi, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Catalonia,
Lon, 3° I'E, Lat 42° 4'N,
Estovayer, t Swiss canton of Friburg, 13m, W,
Friburg, Este, t. Venetian territory, at the conflux ofthe
Baechiglione and Gua. 13 ra. S. W, Padua, 36
E, Mantua, Lon, 1 1° 39' 60" E, Lat 45° 13' 21"
N- Pop, 6,000,

E T N

247

EsteUa t Spain, in Navarre, 81 ra, S, W, Pam
peluna, Lon, 2° 5' W, Lat. 42° 39' N,
Estenaury. See Oostenalah.
Estepona, t. Spain, 25 ra, E, N, E, Gibraltar,
Esterabad. See Asterabad.
Esther Island, isl, iu Prince WiUiam's aound,
N, W, coast of America, Lat. 60° 50' N.
Esthertown, t. Dauphin co. Pa, on the E, side of
the Suaquehannali, 7 m. above Harriaburg.
Esthonia, or Revel, a government of Eu, Rus
sia, extending along the south aide of the gulf of
Finland, It containa 10,000 aquare miles. Pop.
240,000, The lower orders were little else than
serfs, until the present age ; an imperial ukase
issued in 1816, pronounced theirliberation, which
is to take place gradually in the course of 14
years, -Es//e, or Estell, co. Ken, Pop, 2,082, Slaves,
133, At the court-house is a post-office,
Estapachy river, p-v. Washington co, Alabama,
Estrella, r. Guatimala, which enters the Pacific
in lat. 9° 5' N,
Estremadura, a province of Spain, bounded W,
by Portugal, N. by Salamanc?ij E, by Toledo, and
S, by Cordova, Pop, 430,000, Badajos is the
capital, Estremadura, province, Portugal, bounded N,
by Beira, E, by Beira and Alentejo, S. by Alente
jo, and W. by the Atiantic. Pop. 830,000. The
principal products are wine, oil, honey, and fruit
The part on the Tagus looks like a continued gar
den, t
Estremos, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the Tar-
ra. It is one ofthe chief fortresses in the kingdora.
24 ra. N. E. Evora, 48 W. Badajoz, 80 E. Liabon.
Lou, 7° 23' W, Lat 38° 46' N, Pop. 6,600.
Etam, in Sac. Geog. t in the tribe of Judah.
Etampes, t. France, in Seine and Oise, 28 m. S,
by W, Paris, Pop. 8,000. Lon. 2° 4' E, Lat 48°
35'N. Etaples, s-p. Prance, on the English channel,
at the mouth ofthe Canche, II m. S. E. Boulogne.
Lon. 1° 38' 31" E. Lat. 50° Sff 44" N,
Etaweh, fort and cap, of Etaweh diatrict, on the
E, bank of the Jumna, It carriea on a considera
ble traffic in grain, augar, and cotton. Lon. 78°
58' E. Lat, 26° 46' N.
Elham, in Sac, Geog. a place in the Wilderness
of Zur, at the end ofthe Red sea, which gave name
also to the part of the wilderness around it,
Ethiopia, or C-utli, in Sac. Ceog. denotes that
part of Africa which Ues S. of Egypt, between the
Nile and the Red sea. Upper Ethiopia, compri
sing Abyssipnia, to which is to be added the S.
partof Arabia, ia the country intended in the Bi
ble, when Ethiopia ia mentioned. Lower, or
Southern Ethiopia was unknown to the ancients.
Etive, Loch, inlet ofthe sea, on the W. coeist of
Scotland, in Argyle.
Etlingen, t. Gerraany, in Baden, on the Alb,
6ra, S.W.Durlbach, Pop, 3,000, Lon, 8°27'E,
Lat 48° 56' N.
Etna, rat in the E. part of Sicily, in the Val de
Deraona, celebrated from the most remote anti
quity for its volcanic eruptions. Its height is about
11,000 feet, and its circumference very large.
The ascent being very gradual, the sides of tiie
raountain exhibit extensive tracts under different
teraperatures. The lower region is very fertile.
In the upper part vegetation entirely disappears,
and the surface presents a dreary expanse of snow
and ice. The approach of an eruption is indica-

248

EVE

ted long beforehand by the emission of a pale
smoke from- the crater; thia ia followed, after
some tirae, by clouds of black sraoke, which pro
gressively increase in volurae. After the lapse of
weeks, perhaps of months, the lava begins to boil
over the top of the crater, or to burst from sorae
part of its sides ; the interior commotion now
ceases, and the lava flows slowly down the sides
of the mountain. It-is pressed forward by the
fresh liquid continuallyissuing from the mountain,
and burns up every thing before it, but the inhab
itants have at times diverted or absorbed it by dig
ging canals. The whole number of eruptions on rec
ord is 31. Those of 1669 and 1755 were particu
larly destructive ; and in the last, in 1809, no less
than 12 new openings appeared about half way
down the mountain, and continued for several
weeks to throw out lava, which covered the adja
cent lands to a depth of 30 or 40 feet,
Etolia, province of ancient Greece, bounded
W, by the Achelous, S, by the gulf of Lepanto.
It is now subject to Albania.
Eton, t, Eng, in Buclcingham co, on the Thames,
opposite Windsor ; celebrated for a royal semi
nary of education, caUed Eton College, founded
by king Henry VI, in 1440. It consists of a pro
vost, a vice-provost, 7 fellows, 2 schoolmasters, 2
conducts, 7 clerks, 10 choristers, and 70 scholars.
In addition to students on the foundation, a nura
ber of youth, chiefly the sons of noble or opulent
families, are educated here, amounting at an ave
rage, to 300 or 360 yearly. Pop, 2,279, 22 m.
N, "W. London.
Etowah, r. Geo. which rises among the Alle
ghany mountains, in the N, part of the State, and
flowing S, W, in the Cherokee country, joins the
Oostenalah, to form the Coosa.
Etowee. See Etowah.
Etruria, the ancient name of a counfry in Ita
ly, n.early corresponding with the raodern grand
duchy of Tuscany,
Etruria, hamlet, Eng, in Stafford, celebrated
for the extensive pottery eatabliahed there by
Wedgewood, 14 m. fr. Newcastie-under-Line.
Etten, V. Netherlands, iu North Brabant, 8 m,
W, S, W, Breda,
Ettenheim, t Baden, 19 m, S, S. E, Sfrasburg.
Ettriek, r. ScoUand, which joins the Tweed, 3
m, above Melrose,
Eu, t. France, 18 m, E, N, E, Dieppe, Lon. 1°
23' 18" E. Lat 50° 2' 52" N,
Evangelists, 4 small islands at the W. extremity
of ttie straits of MageUan. Lon, 67° 16' W, Lat
62° 46' S,
Evansham, t. and cap, Wythe co, Va. on the E,
side of Reedy creek, a branch of the Kenha-wa,
40 ra, W, Christiansburg, 240 W, S, W, Rich
mond, Evansville, p-t. Monroe co, Alabama,
Evaux or Evaon, t. France, in La Creuse, 25
m. E, Gueret Lon. 2° 11' 18" E, Lat, 46° 10'
42" N,
Eubcea. See Negropont.
Euclid, p-t. Cuyahoga co. Ohio, on lake Eric, 8
m, N. E, Cleveland, Pop, 283,
Everettshouse, p-v. Lewis co. Ken,
Everghem, t. East Flanders, 3 m, N, Ghent,
Evcrshot, t, Eng, in Dorset, 9 m, fr, Dorchester,
Evesham, borough and t, Eng, in Worcester co.
on the Avon, 14 m, S, E, Worcester, 96 W, N. W.
London, Lon, 1° 52' W, Lat, 52° 7' N, Pop,
3,068, Evesham, p-t, Burlington co, N, J, in the forks

EUR
of Moore's creek, 16 ra, E, Philadelphia, 25 S,
Burlington, Pop. 3,445.
Evion, t. Savoy, on the lake of Geneva, 23 mi
N. E, Geneva,
Euk, t. Boheraia, 12 ra, S.byE, Prague,,
Eukngebirg, raountain of Silesia, which sepa
rates the county of Glatz frora the circle of Rei-
chenbach, Eurnme Faredge. See Faredge.
' Evora, fortified t Portugal, cap, of Alentejo.
It is the seat of an archbishop, and had formerly a
university. 66 m. E, Lisbon, 126 N. SeviUe. Pop.
10,000. Evora-Monte, amall t Portugal, in Alentejo, IS
m. N. E, Evora.
Eupatoria, or Kaslov, t. Ruasia, in Taurida, on
the W. coast of the Crimea. The principal
trade of the Crimea, in s'alt, com, leather, &o.
passes through this town, 68 m. S. W. Perekop,
Lon, 33° 14' E Lat 45° 40' N.
Eupen, t Pruasian states, in the province of the
Lower Rhine, on the Weeze, 4 m. E. N. E. Lim
burg, 20 E. Liege. Pop, 10,000.
Euphrates, c. in Whidah, on the Slave coast (rf
Africa. Euphrates, one of the most considerable rivers
of Asia, rises in two streams from the mountaina
of Armenia, near Erzerum, At Koma, about
130 miles from its mouth, it is joined by the Ti
gris, and the united sfream falls into the gulf of
Persia, about 60 m, S. E. Bassora. Length 1,500
miles, Eure, r. France, which falls into the Seine, a
little above the Pont de TArche.
Eure, Department, France, bounded N, by
Lower Seine, E. by Oise, S. by Eure-and-Lo'r,
and Orne, and W. by Calvados. Evreux is the
capital. Pop. 421,481.
Eure-and-Loire, departraent of France, west of
Paris, and bounded N. W. by Eure, E. by Seine-
and Oise and Lofret, S, by Cher-and-Loiret, W.
by Orne aud Sarte. Chartres is the capital. Pop,
266,000, Evreo-Castro, t Eu, Turkey, between Aita and
Lepanto, on the ruins of Calydon,
Evreux, t. France, cap, of Eure, on the Iton,
25 m. S, Rouen, 65 \V, by N. Paris, Pop, 9,300,
Euripo, channel, which separates the island of
Negropont from Livadia,
Evron, t France, in Mayenne, 13 m, S, S, E,
Mayenne, Europe, one of the four grand divisions of the
globe. It is bounded N, by the Arctic ocean; E.
by Asia ; S, by the Mediterranean ; and W, by
the Atiantic, It extenda from 36° to 71° N, lat
It is about 3,000 raUes long frora E, to W. and
2,500 broad from N. to S, and contains 3,387,109
sq, milea. It lies almost whoUy -within the tempe
rate zone, and enjoys a fine healthful climate. It
is the smallest of the four grand dirisions, but is
Qistinguished above all the rest for learning and
science, for excellence in the useful and elegant
arts, and for the inteUigence, refinement, activity
and enterprize of her inhabitanta. Thia ia pe
culiarly true of Great Britain, France, and Ger
many.— The population ia about 180,000,000—
The inhabitanta are all Christians, with the ex
ception of the Turks and scattered settlements of
Jews. The Christians in Europe are composed of
three great bodies, the Catholics computed at 100
raUlions, the Protestants at 45, and the Greek
Christians at 32 miUions.

EXE
Eurolas, r. of the Morea, which runs past Mi-
sifra. Eustis, lake, the S. W. head of Yellowstone
river. It is neai- the head of the Wallaumut,
which runs into Columbia river.
Eu4aw Springs, a amail r. S- C. which runs into
the Santee, Near itssource, abattiewasfought in
1781, which, in effect, terminated the war in this
State. Eutin, t Germany, 20 ra. N, Lubeck, Lon«10°
31' E, Lat 54° Iff N, Pop, 2,35a
Eutrach. See Aitrach.
Euxine Sea, called also the Black Sea, ia a large
inland sea, partiy in Europe, and parUy in Asia,
bounded 'W. by European 'Turkey, E, by Min-,
greUa, Circassia, and Georgia, N, by Russien
Tartary, and S, by Natolia. Its circumference ij
about 3,800 miles. The principal ports are Odes
sa; Kinburn; Cherson; Nicoleuf; Sevastopol,
the chief station of the Russian fleet ; and Caffa,
The Turks formerly would not ^ffer Europeans
to navigate this aea ; but by the freaties concluded
in 1774 and 1791, they aUowed a Russian navy
to be formed, and lo have a free passage through
the DardaneUes. This sea was, in 1784, opened
to Austria, and afterwards, at the peace of Amiens,
to the Prussian, Spanish, Neapolitan, Dutch, Ra-
gusan, and Engliah, merchant flags. The com
merce has, since this period, greatly increased. In
1803, 815 vesaels entered the Russian ports from
the Mediterranean, Of these 552 were for Odessa.
They came chiefly in baUast, and returned loaded
with com.
Euxtan, t Eng. in Lancashire, 209 ra, N, W,
London, Ewell, t Eng, in Surrey, 12 m, S, London,
Ewes, r. ScoUand, joins the lEsk, at Lang
holm, Emngville, p-t Christian co. Ken.
Exchequer Islands, group of ialands in the S, Pa
cific, Lon, 142° 26' E, Lat 1° 29' S,
Exe, r. Eng, which passes Tiverton, Exeter,
and Topsham, and faUs into the sea at Exmouth,
It is navigable by vessels of conaiderable burden
to Topsham,
-Eareo, (an, Setia,) t, Spain, in Arragon, 24 m,
E, Tudela, Lon, 1°9'W, Lat 42° 6' N, Pop,
2,500, -Ea:e/er, city, Eng, and cap, of Devonshire, on
the Exe, 10 miles from the EngUsh channel. It
has 19 parish churches, and a large and raagnifi
cent cathedral. Among the other public buildings
are the GuUdhall, and the asylura for lunatics.
Vessels of 160 tons burden can corae up to the
town, Exeter sends 2 merabers to parliament.
Pop. in 1801, 16,827; in 1811, 18,896, 78 m, S,
W, Bristol, 173 W. S. W, London,
Exeter, t, Penobacot co. Maine, 20 ra. N. W,
Bangor. Exeter, r. N. H, rises in Sandown, and running
E, raeets the tide at Exeter, It here takea the
narae otSwomscot, and running N, communicates
with the Piscataqua, through Great Bay,
, Exeter, p-t, Rockingham co, N, H, pleasantly
situated at the head of navigation on Exeter river,
a branch of the Piscataqua, 15 ra, S, 'NV, Ports
mouth, 1§ N, W. Newburyport 60 N, Boston,
Pop,, J,769, It contains a court-house ; jail ; bank ;
academy; and 3 houses of pubUc worship, 2 for
Congregationaliats, and 1 for Baptists, It ia well
situated for a manufacturing town, and haa a
Woollen and 2 cotton factories, a manufactory of

E Y L

249

ordnance and small arms, and numerous other
mills and manufacturing eatablishmeuts. Before
tlie revolution, ship-building was a profitable bu
siness, but it is now discontinued,
Phillips Exeter Academy, founded in thia town
by the Hon. John PhiUips, LL, D, in 1781, ia
the best endowed academy in New England, It
has funds to the amount of $80,000, a well select
ed library of 7(X) volumes, and a handsome phi
losophical apparatus. It haa a principal, a pro
fessor of mathematics and natural philosophy, an
assiatant, and about 80 students. The building is
an elegant edifice, 76 feet by 36, and 2 stories high.
The funtls are appropriated in part to the aupport
of indigent students,
Exeter, t, Washington co, R, I, 24 m, S. W.
Providence, Pop. 2,256.
Exeter, p-t, Otsego co, N, Y. 10 m, N, W.
Cooperstown, 73 W, Albany. Pop. 1,418.
Exeter, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 612.
Exeter, t. Berka co. Pa. on the N. side of the
SchuylkiU, below Readii^. Pop, 1,194.
Exeter, t. New Hanover co, N. C. on the N. E.
branch' of Cape-Fear river, 36 m. N.Wilming
ton. Exeter, t. Harrison co, Indiana. Pop, 1,155,
Exideul, t. Franco, in Dordogne, 18 ra, N. E.
Perigueux. ^
Exilles, t. Piedmont, on the borders of France,
on a narrow pass, 8 m, 3. W. Suza, 17 N. E. Bri
ancon, 38 W. Turin. Pop, 1,400.
Exin, or Keyn, t. Prussian Poland, on the
Netze, 24 m. W. S, W. Bromberg, Lon, 17° 29'
, 64" E. Lat, 52° 59' 40" N.
Exmes, t. France, 9 ra, E. Argentau, 1,2 W,
aris, Exmouth, t. Eng, in Devonshire, at the mouth of
the Exe, 8 m. S, Exeter,
Exvma, one of the Bahama islands, 25 miles
long and 3 broad, Lon, 75° W, Lat. 23° 20' N,
Exuma Sound, a large channel among the Ba-
haraa ialanda, extending from N, W, to S, E, be
tween Cat island or Guanahani to the E. and .i
range of small islands and rooks to the W, and S,
W, ; the entrance ia S, ofthe islanfl of Eleuthera,
Eyafiord, bay and diatrict on the N, coaat of Ice
land, Lat fj6° 6ff N,
Eybenschutz, or Ewanice, t. Moravia, 20 m. N,
E, Znaym, Lon, 16° 17' E, Lat 49° 8' N,
Eybcnstock, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, 7 m. S, W.
Schwartzenberg, Lon, 12° 35' E. Lat 50° 25' N,
Eyder, r. Denmark, which divides Sleswick
from Holstein, and falls into the North aea, in lat,
540 i7'_ 'phe tide aacends as' far aa Rendsburg,
after whiSh the canal of Keil begins, and com
pletes the communication between the North sea
and the Baltic, ^
Eyderstadt, district in the W, part of Sleswick.
Pop. 12,500. The capital is 'Tonningen.
Eye, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 20 ra. N. Ipswich.
Eyemouth, Aymouth, or Haymouth, t. Scotiand,
in Berwick, at the mouth of the Eye, 5 m. N. W.
Berwick, 53 E. Edinburgh.
^Eyeos, a people of Africa, whose territories l;e
to the N. E. of Dahoraey.
Eyerlandt, small isl. near the island of Texel.
kyelon. See Ayton.
, Eygues. See Aigues.
Eyguieres, t. France, in mouths-of-the-Rhone,
17 m, E, by S, Tarascon,
Eylau, t E, Prussia, on the lake of Arschen, It
is famoua for a severe battlt c ti the 8U1 February,

32

250

F A I

F A I

1807, between the French and Russians. 20 m,
a'Konigsberg, Lon, 20° 38' 55" E, Lat, 54° 22'
SO" N,
EyUtu Deiitsch, lies in W, Prussia, on the lake
of Genserich, 84 m, S, S, W, Konigsberg, ,
Eymoutiers, t Frances "n the Vienne, 18 ra, E.
by S, Liinoges,

Eynapeor, t. Hind, in Bejapoor, Lon, 76° Itf
E, Lat 16° 5ff N,
Eynsham, parish, Eng, 6 m. N. W, Oxford,
Eysogh, r. Tyrol, which falls into the Adig^
below Botzen.
Esdaud. See Ashdod.
Esiongeber, in Sac. Geog. See /)s/an ,
EsramUe. See Malone.

F.

PaAborg, s-p. Denmark, on the coast of the
island ot Funen, 17 m. S. Oldensee. Lon. 10° 16'
E. Lat 5?° 6'N. Pop, 1,100.
Fabius, p-t. Onondaga co, N, Y, 17 ra, S, E,
bnondaga, 130 W, Albany. Pop. 1,865.
Fabomit Lake, Canada, Lon, 88° 16' W, Lat,
52° 18' N,
Fabriona, t of the Ecclesiastical State, in Italy,
33 m. S. W. Ancona, Pop, 4,000,
Fttcata, or Fucata, s-p, Japan, in the island of
Ximo, 27 m, W, N, W, Taisero.
Facile Harbor; a port of New "Zealand, in
Dusky bay, on the W. coast of Resolution island.
Lon. 166* 18' E. Lat. 45° 4ff S.
,. Factories, p-v. Hampden co. Mass.
, Fadld, t. Arabia, 180 m. N. E. Mecca.
Fadoal, isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lou. 132° 37'
E. Lat 6° 51' S.
Faenza, city, of the Popedom, in Romagna, 20
m. S. W. Ravenna. Lon. 11° 21' 36" E. Lat 44°
17' 19" N, Pop, 12,500.
Faeoe, ial. Denmark, in the Baltic. Louv 11°
2ffE. Lat 54° 52' N.
Faggiano, t Naples, 6 m, E, S, E. Tarento,
FagndnO, v, Italy, in the Veronese, 5 m, E,
Mantua, Fahlun, minuig t Sweden, cap, of Dalecarlia,
The population, formerly above 7,000, does not
now exceed 4,200, the great copper raines having
become leas productive, 110 m, N, N, W, Stock
holm, Lon, 13° 34' 64" E, Lat. 60° 35' 15" N,
Faicchio, t. Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, 17
m, W. N. W. Benevento, Pop, 2,850,
Faido, t. Switz,' on the Ticino, 12 ra, N, Belin-
zona, Faifa, or Haifa, t.. Cochin China, Lon, 108°
Iff E, Lat, 15° 5ff N,
Failsworth, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 4 m, fr. Man
chester, Pop, 2,875,
-Paiouni, See Fayoum.
Fairbluff, p-v, Columbus co, N. C,
Fairfax, p-t Kennebec co, Maine, 25 m. N,
Augusta, Pop, 924.
Fairfax, p-t. Franklin co. Vt. on Lamoil river,
18 m, N, N, E, Buriington, Pop, 1,301.
Fairfax, co, Va, bounded N, aud E. by the' Po
tomac, S, by Prince William co, and W. by Lou
don CO. Pop, 13,111, Slaves, 5,942, Chief
town, CentreviUe, The court-houae, where a
post-office is kept, is 15 m, fr, Washington,
Fairfax, p-t, and cap, Culpep^r co, Va, 40 m,
~ W, N, W, Fredericksburg, 76 fr, Washington,
Fairfield, p-t Somerset co, Maine, on the W,

side of the Kennebec, oppoaite Clinton, 9 m, S,
Norridgewock, 25 N, Augusta. Pop. 1,348,
Fairfield, p-t FrankUn co. Vt 26 m. N. N. E,
Burlington, Pop. 1,618.
Fairfield, co. Ct bounded N. by Litchfield co,
S, E, by Long-Island Sound, and W. by New
York, Pop, 40,950. Chief towns, Fairfield, and
Danbury. Fairfield, p-t, and port of entry, Fairfield co,
Ct, is pleasantly situated on Long-Island Soiud,
21 m, W, S, W. New Haven, 54 N, E, New York,
Lon. 73° 16' W, Lat 41° 8'N, Pop, 4,135. It
contains a court-house ; an academy ; and 6 hou
ses of pubUc worship, 3 for Congregationalists, 1
for EpiscopaUans, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Metho
dists. There are 4 villages -within the town,
Fairfield, Greenfield Hfll, Saugatuck, and MiU
river. 'There -are 3 harbors. Black Rocb^ Mill
river, and Saugatuck. With the exception of
New London, Black Rock is the best hsirbor' is
the Sound. The amount of shipping in Fairfield
district iu 1816, was 7,033tons.
Fairfiebt, New. See New Fairfidd.
Fairfield, p-t Herkimer co. N. Y. 10 m. N.
Herkimer, 75 W. -Albany. Pop. 2,705. In this
town, there is an academy, and a medical school
connected with it.
Fairfield, t. Essex co. N. J.
Fairfkld, t Cumberland co. N. J. on Cohanzy
creek, 25 m. E. Salem. Pop. 2,279.
Fairfield, t Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 421. .
Fairfield, t Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. l,973i-
Fairfield, or Miller's, p-t Adams co. Fa. 8 m.
W. Gettyabuig.
Fairfield, p-v. Rockbridge co. Va.
Fairfield, district, S. C. between Wateree ani
Broad rivers. Pop. 11,867. Slaves, 4,034. Chief
town, Monticello.
Fairfield, p-v. Columbia co. Geo.
Fairfield, or Roberts', p-v. Putnam co. Geo.
Fairfield, p-v. Nelson co. Ken. 10 m. fr. Bairds
town. Fairfield, co. in the centi-al part of Ohio. Pop.
in 1816, 13,665. Chief town, Lancaster.
Fairfield, t Colurabiana co. Ohio. Pop..832.
Fairfield, t Highland co. Ohio, N. of HUlsbo
rough. Pop. 467.
Fairfield, t Jefferson co. Ohio.
Fairfield, p-t Greene co. Ohio, 11 m. N. W,
Xenia. Faiifield, t. BuUer co. Ohio. Pop. 1,414. In
this township is HamiZ/on, the seat of justice for
the county.
Fairfield, t. Licking co, Ohio, 4 m, N, Newark,

FAL
Fairfield Head, t. Eng. in Staffordshfre, 5 m.
from Leeke,
Fairford, t Eng, in Gloucestershire, on the
C^olne, near ita confluence with the Thames,' 22
m, E, S. E. Gloucester.
Fairhaven, bay, ou tiie N. W. coast of Spitz
bergen. Lon, 10° E, Lat 79° SO'N,
Fairhaven, t. Somerset co. Maine. Pop. 116.
Fairhaven, p-t Rutiand co. Vt on fpultney
river, 9 m. N. N. E. Whitehall, 43 W. Windsor.
Pop. 646.
Fairhaven, t Bristol co. Mass. ou the E. side of
-Accushn'et river, opposite Bedford.
Fairhaven, v. Gallia co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
oppoaite the mouth of the Kenhaway, 4 m. above-
Gallipolia. Fairhead, promontory, on the N. coast of Ire
land. Lon. 6° 2' W. Lat. 65° 44' N.
Fair Isle, ial. ScoUand, between the Orkney and
the SheUand ialands. Lat. 59° 32' 30" N.
Fairke, p-t Orange co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 35 m. above Windsor. Pop. 983, including
West Fairlee.
Fairlee, West, t Orange co. Vt. W. of Fairlee.
Fairky, s-p. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 18m. S. W.
.iGreenock. Fairley Raad, channel, Scotland, in the frith of
Clyde, between the islands of Cumbray and the
coast of Ayrshire.
Fairport, t Geauga co. Ohio, at the mouth of
Grand river, on lake Erie, 15 m, N. Chardon, 32
I», E, Cleveland,
Fair River, Canada, which runs from Wapessa-
ga to lake St John,
Fttirtown, p-t Cumberland co, N. J, Pop.
2,279. Fairvale, p-v, in Grsmville, Washington co,
N,Y, Foirview, p-v, Erie co. Pa,
Fairvkw, t Guernsey co, Ohio, 25 ra, E, Cam
bridge Fairweaiher, cape, on the E, coast of Patagonia,
Lon, 58« 25' W,- Lat 51° 34' S,
Fairweaiher, Cape, on the N, W, coast of Amer
ica, Lon, ^2° 20' -E. Lat 58° 504' N,
Pairweather, Mount, high mountain on the N.
W. coast of America, about 12 ra. N. E. cape
Fairweather. '
Fakenham Lamasta, t Eng. in Norfolk, 7 m. fr.
East Dereham.
Falais, t. France. The caatle of Falais, though
in ruins, is one of the finest in France. 15 ra, S,
byE. Caen. Lon. 0° 7' W. Lat 48° 54' N. Pop.
14,000. ^Fakon, Cape, on the S. coaat of the island of
Ivica. Lon. 1° 2ff E, Lat 38° Sff N,
Fakan, Cape, on the W, coast of Sardinia, Lon,
8° 13' E. Lat 40° 46' N.
Fakanieri, small isl, in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Sicily,
Falczi, t Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on the
Pratii, 32 m. E, N, E, Birlaf,
Fole, r. Eng, iu Cornwall, flows into the sea at
Falinouth, Faleme, r, W. Africa, the largest tributary of
the Senegal, empties 20 ra, W, Gallam,
Fides, creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 11m.
above Portsmouth,
Falkenau, t Bohemia, 12 m. N, E. Egra, Lon,
t2°37'E. Lat 50° 9' N,
Falkenberg, s-p. Sweden, 6i\the Cattegat, 52 m,
N, Helsingberg. Lon. 12° 2ff E, Laf, 56°: 53'
45" n;-'' •¦¦¦¦¦¦ '' "'¦' '¦

FAL

251

Falkenstein, county in the cfrcle pf the Upper
Rhine, belonging to Auatrisu
Falkenstein, or' Elkford, t. Saxony, in the Vogt*
land, 2 m, S, Auerbach,
Fidkioping, t, Sweden, in W. Gothland, 56 m,
E, Uddevalla, Lon, 13° 16' E. Lat, 58° 12' N.
Falkirk, t. Scotland, in StirUng co, near the
great canal between the rivera Forth and Clyde.
'Three faira, the greateat in Scotland, are held
near this place. They are exclusively for cattle,
aheep, and horses. Pop. 4,000, 8 m, W, Lin
lithgow, 24 W, Edinburgh,
Falkkmd, t. ScoUand, in Fife co, 10 ra, W, Cu
par, Pop, 2,317,
Falkland Isles, two large ialands, and aeveral
araaller ones, in the AUantic ocean, E, of the
sfraits of Magellan, between lat 61° 6' and 52°
46' S, lon, 57° 40' and 61° Iff W, They were
ceded to Spain in 1774, The soU is a mere bog,
and the land beaten by alraost perpetus^l atorma.
They liave been called by many, different names.
JFaU, r. R. I. which rises iu Watuper pond, and
runs into Taunton river. ^
FoU creek, r. Tompkins co. N. Y. which flows
into the S. end of Cayuga lake. There ia a cata
ract in this river, 1 mile from its raouth, of 90 feet
perpendicular, and the whole descent of the wa
ter, within 14 railes, is estimated at 360 feet.
Fallen City, or Old Jerusalem, range of rocks
among the Virgin isles, in the West Indjes, Lon.
62° 63' W, ;Lat 18° Iff N,'
Falling springs, r, Va, which riaes 20 ra. S. W,
ofthe Warra spring, and flows into Jackson river.
It has a fall of 200 feet perpendicular, and a'person
raay walk dry between the sheet of water and the
rock. Falling waters, p-v. Berkeley co. Va.
FallowfieU, t 'Waahington co. Pa. on the W.
aide of the Monongahela, 25 m. S. E^ Washington.
Pop. 1,994.
FaUowfield, t. Crawford co. Pa, Pop; 661, ,^
Fallowfield, East, t Chester co. Pa, Pop.' 990.
Falloufield, West, t Chester co. Pa. Pop.
1,157. FaUriver, p-t. Bristol co. Mass.
Falls, t. Bucks co. Pa, on the Delaware, oppo
site Bordentown, 28 ra, N, E, PhUadelphia, Pop,^
1,649, Falls, t. Muskingura co. Ohio, Pop, 941,
Falls, t Hockhocking co, Ohio,
Fallstown, p-t Iredell co, N, C,
Falmouth, a-p, Eng, in Cornwall, at the mouth
of the Fal, Tliere is a good harbor here, defend
ed by twacastiea ; and a fine and spacious road
stead, cabbie of receiving the largest fleets. It
is the reigular station of the packet boats vfhich
carry foreign mails to Spain, Portugal, and Amer
ica. Pop. 5,307. 95 m. S. W. Exeter, 269 W. S.
W. London. Lon. 5° 4'W. Lat 60° 9' N.
Falmouth, t Cumberland co. Maine, on Casco
bay, 5 ra. N. Portland. Pop, 4,105, It forraerly
included Portiand, Westbrook, and Cape Eliza
beth, Falmouth, s-p, and p-t Barnstable co. Mass, 19
ra, S, W. Bamstable Mass, 72 S, Boston, Pop.
2,237, Falmouth, t, Lancaster co. Pa, 20 m. S, Lan-
Falmouth, p-t, Stafford co. Va. on the N. side of
the Rappahannock, opposite Fredericksburg, 23
m. S, W. Dumfries, 56 S. S, W, Washington.
Lon, 77° 30' W. Lat, 38° 18' N, It is at the foot
of the falls, and has considerable trade.

252

FAQ

Falmouth, p-t, Pendleton co. Ken, on Little
Licking river. Pop, 121.
Falmouth, s-p. Antigua, 7 m. S. E. St John's.
Lon. 61° 28' W. Lat. 17° 9' N.
Falmouth, s-p. Jamaica, Lon, 77° 33' W, Lat,
18°31'N, Falmouth, t in Hants, Nova Scotia, on the S,
E, side of the basin of Minas, 28 m, N, W, Hali
fax, ,.
False Bay, New Zealand, Lon, 186° 38' W,
Lat, 46° 33' S,
False, Cape, Yucatan, in the bay of Honduras,
Lon, 87° 46*^ W, Lat. 20° 52' N.
Falster, isl. of the Baltic, between 11° 34' and
32° IffE, lon, and 54° 32' and 54° 68' N, lat;
and belonging to Denmark, Pop, 16,500,
Falsterbo, s-p, Sweden, in Schonen, 22 ra. S, S.
W, Lund, Lpn, 12° 47' E. Lat 65° 23' N,
FalvgOi isl, near Sardinia, 12 m, S, Cape Ar
gentera, Foluga, t, Bagdad, on the W, bonk of the Eu
phrates, 25 m, S. Bagdad,
Falun, r, Switz, which runs into the lake of
Neufchatel near Yverdun,
Famagusta, s-p, Cyprus, on the east coast, built
on a rock. It is surrounded by strong walls, and a
deep ditch, 20 paces in breadth, cut out of the
solid rock. The waUs are thick, and flanked by
12 enormous towers, whose sides are four paces
thick, and their interior four in diameter. It
seSrves as a prison for the malefactors of this island
and other parts of the Turkish dominions. It was
formerly a famous city, but ruin and desolation
ar5 now seen in every street, and the population
is reduced to a few hundred, Lon. 33° 30' E,
Lat, 35° Iff N,
Famars, v. France, dep, of the North, 3 m, S,
Valenciennes. Famia, (an, Apamea,) t, Syria, 90 m. N, Da
mascus, Lon. 36° 43' E, Lat 35° N,
Famme, Port, fort, on the N, E. side of the straits
of Magellan, Lon, 70° 2ff W, Lat. 66° 44' S.
Fanjeaux, t France, in Aude, 13 m, W, Car
cassone, Fan^net p-t, FrankUn c6. Pa, Pop, 1,398,
Fano, s-p, Italy, in the Statea ofthe Churfch, on
the Adriatic, It is a bishop's see. Pop, 7,600,
16 m, E, N, E, Urbino, 32 N, W, Ancona, Lon,
12° 59' 53" E. Lat 43° 61' N.
Farto, (an. Calypso,) small isl, N, W, of Cape
Sidero, in the island of Corfu, Pop, 600, Lon,
19°32'E, Lat 39° 45' N,
-Fano, Cape, promontory, Norway, in lat 70°
30' N,
Fanoe, isl, Denmark, near North Jutland, op
posite to the town of Rypen, Lon, 9° 43' E, Lat
S5° 25' N,
Fanshaw, Cape, N. W, coast of America, on the
N. side of Frederick's aound, Lon, 226° 44' E,
Lat. 57° 11' N,
Fontees, a numerous and powerful people, ou
the Gold ooast of Africa, from Cape Coast Caatle
to the frontier of Acra, about ICO miles. Their
power has since 181 1 been almost entirely broken,
by repeated and foi-midable invasions of tiie Aahan-
tees, Faon, t, France, 14 m, E, by S, Brest,
Faoua, t. Lower Egypt, on the W, or Rosetta
branch of the Nile, Lon, 31° E, Lat, 31° Iff N,
Faouet, t, France, in Morbihan, 28 m. W, by
S, Pontivy, Lon. 3° 24' W, Lat, 48° 2' N,
Faquier, co, Va. inclosed by Loudon, Prince
¦WiUiam, Stafford, Culpeper, and FredsriRk coun-

F A R
ties. Pop. 22,689, Slaves, 10,361. Chieftown,
Warrentown. Fara, t Ecclesiastical State, 22 m. N. N. W.
Rorae, Faradeese, t, Tunis, 30 m, S, Tunis,
Fareham, s-p, Eng, at the N.W, extremity' of
Portsraouth harbof, 12 m, S. E, Southampton, 73
S. W, London, Pop, 3,325.
Fareskaur, t Lower Egypt, on the Damietta
branch of the Nile, 7 m. S. Damietta.
Farewell, Cape, S. point pf West Greenland,
on the N. side oi the entrance of Davis's straits.
Lon. 42° 42' W. Lat 69° 37' N.
Farewell, Cape, cape. New Zealand. Lon. 186°
W. Lat 40° 33' S,
Farewell, Cape, Greenland, Lon, 42° 45' W.
Lat 59° Sff N,
Farim, smaU kingdom, W, Africa, on the river
Cacheo, or St, Domingo.
Farley^niUs, p-v. KSig-and-Queen co, Va.
Farleysvilk, p-v. Charlotte co. Va.
Former, p-t. Seneca co. N, Y,
Farmington, p-t Kennebec co, Mame, 30 m.
N, Augusta,
Farmington, p-t Strafford co. N. H, 26 m, N.
W. Portsraouth. Pop. 1,272.
Farmington, p-t. Hartford co. Conn, on Far
mington river, 10 m. W. Hartford, 30 N. New-
haven. Pop. 2,748. It contains 3 houses of pub
lic worship, 2 fm- Congregationalists, and I (or
Baptists. Farmington River, rises in Massachusetts, and
runs S. E. to Farmington in Connecticut, where,
meeting with mountains, it turns N. and after
running 15 mUes is joined by Salmon river; it
then breaks through the mountains and has a cat
aract of 160 feet, after which it is caUed Windsor
river, and joins the Connecticut, 4 nules above
Hartibrd. Farmington, p-t Ontario co. N. Y. 9 m. N. E.
Canandaigua. Pop. 1,908. Clifton springs are
in this town, and are resorted to for their medi
cinal quaUties. They are strongly impregnated
with sulphur.
Farmington, t TrumbuU co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W,
Warren. Farmington, t. Belmont co, Ohio,
Farmautiers, t. France, in Seine-and-Mame, 9
m. N, Rosoy,
Farmvilk, p-v. Prince Ed-ward co, Va, on the
Appomatox, 72 m, S. W. Richmond.
Famdak, t Eng. in Ywkshire, 17 m. fr. Kirby-.
moorside. Fomese, t Italy, in the Popedom, 6 m. N. E.
Castro. Farnham, t. Eng. in Surrey, on the Wye, cele
brated for ita hop plantations. Pop. 2,911. 9ni.
fr. AUon, 27 N. E, Winchester, 38 S, W, London.
Lon, 0° 47' 52 " W, Lat, 61° 1'3' 7" N,
Farnham, t Bedford and RicheUeu counties,
Lower Canada, S, E, of Montreal.
Farnham, p-v. Richmond co, Va,
Famley, t, Eng, in Yorkshire, 24 m, fr, Leeds,
Famley Tyas, t, Eng. in Yorkshirfe, 3 m. from
Huddersfield. Famworth, t Eng, in Lancashiro, 3 m, S, E.
Bolton, Fnro, isl. Sweden, inthe Baltic, separated from
Gothland by a nai-row strait Lon, 19° 32' 55" E,
Lat, 57° 56' N,
Fara, s-p, Portugal, in Algarve, near Cape San
ta Maria, It is the see of a bishop ; and carries
on considerable traffic, 18 m. S, W, Tavira, 130

FAY
S,E, Lisbon, Lon, 7° 51' 57" W, Lat 37° 2'N,
Pop, 7,000,
i^aroe, or Faroer Islands, a group of islands in
the Northem ocean, between Iceland and Shet
land, and between 61° 16' ^d 62° 2ff N, lat.
They belong to Denmark, and consiat of 26 isl
ands, of which 17 are inhabited. Pop, in 1812,
5,209, Barley, rye, and pease are imported from
Denmark, The chief wealth of the islands con-
aista in aheep ; fishing ia alao an important source
of subsistence, '
Faroe, smaU isl, Denmark, near the S, coast of
Zealand, Lon, 12° E. Lat 54° 67' N.
Farr Boy, on the N. coast of ScoUand. Lon. 4°
2' W, Lat 58° 34' N,
,, Farringdon, t Eng. in Berks, 17 m. N, E, Ox
ford, Farruch,Cape, on the coast of Majorca, Lon,
3°18'E, Lat 39° 47' N,
FarSf a province of Peraia, bounded N, by Irak,
E, by Kirman and L'ar, W, by Kuzistan, and S.
by the Persian gulf. The principal towna are
Schiras the capit^, and Bushire the chief port on
the Persian gulf, "
Farshouc, t Upper Egypt, 20 m, S. Gfrge.
Farstay, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 5 m, fr, Leeds,
Fartac, Cape, or Fartash, cape, on the S, coast
of Arabia, Lou, 51° 4' E, Lat 16° Sff N,
Fartach, s-p. Arabia, 132 m. S. E. Hadramant
- Fasana, t. Isfria, 4 m, N, N, W, Pola, 60 S,
Trieste, Fasano, t. Naples, in the Terra di Bari, 6 m, S,
by E, Monopoli, Pop, 7, 100.
Fatatenda, t, W, Africa, on the Gambia, about
500 m, fr, its mouUi. Lon, 13° 8' W. Lat, 15°
20' N,
Eattecondtt, t W. Africa, cap. of Bondou, Lon,
10°2ffW, Lat 14°2ff N.
Fattick, s-p. W, Africa, 60 m, N, ofthe Gambia.
Favani, r. Naples, which runs into the sea, 9
m. S. S, E, Squillace,
Favara, s-p, Barca, in Africa, 30 m, E, S, E,
Deme, /
Fouche, T. niinois, runs into the Illinois from
the E,
Favelone, r, Naples, which runa into the aea, 4
m. fr, SquiUace,
Faverges, t Savoy, 17 m. S, by E, Annecy,
Favemey, v. France, in Upper Saone, 11 m. N,
Vesoul, Faversham. See Fevershatn.
jFavignana; (an. .^gusa,) one of the -iEgades
islanda, 6 ra, fr. Sicily, 9 W. by S, Trapani,
,i| -FoM/6acfe,v. Franconia,
Fouquen/ibergues, t. France, in Paa-de-Calais,
17ra, S,W,.Stpmer,.
Fauquemornt, t. Netherlanda, 12 m, W, Aix la
ChapeUe, Fampiemont, t. France, 20 ra. E, Metz,
Fauquier. See Faquier.
Favorable lake, N, America, Lon. 93° 10' W,
Lat, 62° 48' N,
Faussembault, seigniory, Harapahire co. Lower
Canada, 10 ra, Wi. Quebec,
Fauxvillers, t. Netherlands, 24 ra. N, W. Lux
emburg. Faway. See Fowey. r
Fawc'ettstown, p-t Colurabiana co. Ohio, on
Ohio river, 16 ra. S. E. New Lisbon, 5 below the
Pennsylvania Une.
Fawn,t. York CO. Pa. Pop. 1,462.
Fay, t France, in Loire Inferieure, 9 m, N, E.
.Saycnay.

F E A

253

Fcty Billot, Le, t, France, in Upper Marne, 12
m, S, E. Langres,
Fayal, one of the Azore islahds, about 27 railes
long, and 9 broad, Lon, 28° 41' W, Lat, 38° 31'
N. Its good harbor, and its situation in the route
of the horaeward bound aliips from India, has
made it much frequented. The prmcipal town is
caUed Villa Orta or Horta,
Faj/e, t, France, in Maine-and-Loire, 11 m, S,
Angers, Fayenee, t. France, noted for its manufactures
of earthenware, 14 m, N, E, Draguignan, , Lon.
6° 3' E, Lat, 43° 44' N,
Fayette, p-t Kennebec eo, Maine, 20 m, W,
Augusta. Fayette, t Seneca co, N, Y, between Seneca
and CayUga lakes, having Seneca river on the N.
18 m, N, Ovid, 7 m, E, Geneva, Pop, 1,764, U
is well situated for trade. Here is a printing-
office, Fayette, co, in the S, W, part of Pa, Pop, 24,714,
Chief towns. Union and Browuville,
Fayette, co, in the central part of Ken, Rop,
21,370, Slaves, 7,664, Chief tow", Lexington,
Fayette, co, Ohio, W, of Pickaway co. Pop, in
1815,3,705, Chief town, Washington,
Fayette, t, Gallia co, Ohio,
Fayette, co, Indiana.
Fayetteville, p-t, and cap, Cumberland co, N.
C, 60 m, S, Raleigh, 95 N. N. W, Wilmington,
159 N, E. Columbia. Lon, 79° 58' W, Lat, 35°
3' N, It is advantageously situated near the W,
bank of Cape Fear river, at the head of boat navi
gation, and is one of the most fiourishing com
mercial- towns in the State, It is regularly laid
out, and contains a court-house, academy, 3 banks,
2 printing-offices, and 3 houses of public worship.
The inhabitants are principally Scotch Highland
ers. — Large quantities of tobacco, cotton, wheat,
staves, naval stores, and other produce, are
brought to this place, and carried down the river
to Wilmington, in boats containing about 120 bar
rels. The growth of Fayettville haa been very
rapid, but it has received some severe checks
from fire. The inhabitants now begin to use
brick for building. The country in the iraraediate
vicinity is elevated ; the soil is dry, sandy, and
not fertile, except ou the water courses,
FayetteviUe, p-t, and cap, Lincoln co. Ten, on
Elk river, 30 ra. N< HuntsviUe, 80 S. NashviUe,
The public buildings are a court-house, bank,
academy, and church.
Fayoum, a province of Egypt, on the W; side
of the Nijp, stretching out into the deaert, by
which it i^Eilraoat entirely surrounded. It consists
of a valley nearly environed by a circuit of hills ,
-This territory forraed the ancient Arsinoe, de
scribed by Strabo, as possessed of the highest fer
tility, and cultivated like a garden. It now suf
fers from the depredationa of the Arabia, but still
yields grain in abundance. Cloths are made here
of woollen, linen, and cotton. About 8,000
shawls are said to be exported monthly ; and rose
water ia manufactured, and aent to all parts of
Egypt, and to Syria, The communication 'with
Cairo ia carried ou weekly by caravans, Fayoum,
pr Medina Fayoum, the capital, is in lon. 30^ 39'
E. lat 29° 27' N,
Fayston, t Washington co. Vt. 15 m. S. W.
MontpeUer. Pop, 149.
Faseley, t Eng, in Stafford, 2 ra. fr, Tamworth ,
.Feale, r. Ireland, which, uniting with the rive.-
Gall, in Kerry,- takes the name of Cashin, and fall?

254

FEN

into the mouth of the Shannon, 11m. above Ker
ry-head. Fearing, t. Washington co, Ohio, 4 m, N. Ma
rietta. Pop. 454.
Feam, v. Scotland, in Ross, 22 m. fr, Inverneaa,
Fecamp.) s-p, France,, 16 m, N, N, E, Montivil-
lers, 9 S, W, Dieppe, Lon, 0° 23' 3" E, Lat 49°
45'24"N, Pop, 7,000,
Fcdala, s-p, on the W, coastof Morocco, 40 m,-
S, S, W, Salee,
Federalsburg, v. in Dorchester and Caroline
cos, Md, on Marshy hope creek, 20 m. N, E, Cam
bridge, Feedinghills, p-v, in West-Springfield, Hamp
den CO, Mass, 5 m, W, Springfield.
Feqee Islands, in the Pacific ocean, in about 19°
S, lat and 180° E, lon. Sandal wood is plentiful.
The inhabitants are cannibals. See Friendly islands.
Feestown, p-t. Clermont co, Ohio,
Fehrabad, or Fahraba4, t Peraia, in Mazande
ran, near the S, coast of the Caspian sea, at the
mouth of a river. The environs produce augar,
cotton, and silk, 126 m, W, Aaterabad, 270 N.
Ispahan. Lon. 63° 12' E. Lat 35° 56' N. Pop,
about 16,000.
Feiro, t. Portugal, in Beira, 13 m. S. Oporto.
Pop. 4,000.
Feium. See Fayoum.
Felaniche, t Majorca. Pop. 6,800. Lon, 0°
14' W, Lat 39° 32' N,
Feldkirch, t Switzerland, on the river 111, 40
m, N, N, E, Coire, Lon, 9° 36' 16" E, Lat 47°
14' 20" N,
Feldkirchen, t. Carintiiia, 13 m, N, W, Clagen
furt, Feldsperg, t Austria, 28 m, N, N, E, Vienna.
Lon. 16° 43' E. Lat 48° 44' N.
Feliciana, co. Louisiana, divided into 4 parish
es, East Baton Rouge, New FeUciana, St Helena,
and St Taramany or St Ferdinand.
Feliciana, p-t. Feliciana co. Louisiana, E. of
Baton Rouge.
Fclicudi, one of the Lipari islands, anciently
called Plumicusa. Lon. 14° 21' E. Lat. 38°
34' N.
Feliszano, t Piedmont, near the Tanaro, 8 m.
VI. Alessandria.
Fell's Point. See Baltimore.
Felktin, t. France, on the Creuse, 21 m. S. S.
E. Gueret. Lon,^° 15' E, Lat. 45° 53' N,
FeUin, t Livonia, 1 10 m, N, E. Riga, Lon, 25°
40' E, Lat 58° 16' 30" N,
Feb) Cape, the S, W, point of Sicily, Lon, 12°
27' E, Lat 37° 46' N,
Feloops, a people of W, Africa, on the S, side of
the Gambia,
Fekoe-Banya, t Hungary, 4 ra, from Neustadt,
Lon, 23° 42' 10" E, Lat 47° 38' N,
Fellow, t. Prussian statea, 9 m, S, W, Berlin,
Feltre, t. Venetian territory. It ia the see of a
bishop. Pop, 5,200, 63 m, N, W, Verona, 83 N,
Padua, Lon. 1 1° 55' 24" E, Lat 46° ff 43" ,N,
Fcltrin,o, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriat
ic 4m, S, E, Ortona,
Felu, cataract, in Senegal river, W, Africa, 60
m. above Gallam.
Felud^e, or Peluch, amall ial, in the N, W, part
ofthe gulf of Peraia, 10 m, E, Koueit, Lon, 48°
E, Lat, 29° 45' N,
Femern, isl, Denraark, in Uie Baltic, opposite to
the coast of Holateip, Pop, 7,600,
Femme Osage, p-t, St, Charles co, Missouri,
Fcncslrange, t. France, in Meurthe, on the

FER
Sarre, 19 m. E. Chateau-Salins. Lon. 6° 37' E.
Lat 46° 52' N.
Fenestrelk, fort, France, 7 m, S. S, E, Susa, 20
N, N. W. Pignerol, ,
Fenny, r. Hind, which forms the boundary .be
tween the districts of Tippera and Chittagong,
and falls' into the aea in lat 22° 50' N, . • ; i •
Fenny Stratford. See Stratford.-
Femmck, v. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 4 m, E, Kil
marnock, Ferabad. See Fehrabad.
Fercula, diatrict, Africa, in the N, part of ttie
Sahara, bordering on Tafilet,; 60 m, W, Sigil-
messa, Ferdinand, t Essex co,.Vt 60 m, N, E, Mont
peUer. Ferdinand, t St. Louis co. Missouri.-
Fere, La, t France, in Aisne, at the confluence
ofthe Oiae and the Serre. An action took place;
here between the French and alUes on the 1st of
March 1814. 14 m, N, W, Laon, 22 N, Soisaons,
90 N, by E, Paris. Lon. 3° 24' E. Lat 49° 40' N. ,
Pop. 2,600.
Fere, Champenmse, La, t France. It -was the
scene of an action between- the French and the al-
Uea on the 25th March 1814. 20 m. S. Epernay.
Fergus, r. Ireland, which runs into the Shan
non, 9 ra, S, Ennis, in Clare,
Ferguson, t Cenfre co. Pa. Pop. 1,066.
Ferguson's ferry, p-v. Johnson co. Illinois.
Ferhabod. See Fehrabad.
Ferlaeh, Upper and Lower, 2 -viUages of Carin
thia, on the Drave. Pop. of the two, 2,860. 6'
m. S. Clagenfurt Lon. 14° 17' E. Lat. 46° 24' N.
Fermanagh, co. Ireland, bounded N. by Tyrone
and Donegal, E. by Tyrone and Monaghan, and
S, by Cavan and Leitrim, It contains 694 square
miles, and 111,260 inhabitants.
Fermanagh, t Mifflin co. Fa. Pop. 1,954.
Fermin Point, cape on the coastof New Albion.
Lon, 242° 3' E. Lat 33° 42' N.
Fermo, s-p. Ecclesiastical states, on the gulf of
Venice. It is the see of an archbishop. 26 m, S.
S, E. Ancona. ^.on. 13° 41' 41" E, Lat 43° 10'
18" N,
FermoseUa, t Spain, in Salamanca, where the
Tormes falls into Uie Douro, 48 m. W, Salamanca.
Pop. 3,000.
Fermoy, t Ireland, in Cork, on the Blackwater,
107 m, from Dublin. Pop. 5,088.
FemanAuco. See Peman^uco.
Femandes, or Jueoi Fernandez, isl. inthe Pacif
ic ocean, 110 leag;ues W. Chili. This island is
celebrated for having been the solitary residence ¦
for several years of Alexander Selkfrk, a Scotch
sailor, from whose adventures upon it De Foe
'wrote the popular novel of Robinson Crusoe. Lon. ,
78° 52' W. Lat. 33° 40' S.
Fernandina, s-p. on Amelia Island, E, Florida,
The harbour is defended by a fort,
Ferness, cape on Eday, one of the Orkney isl- -.
ands. Lon. 2° 43' W. Lat 59° 2f N.
Femey, v. France, on the frontier of Switzer
land, 5 m. N. N. W. Geneva. It was for many
years the residence of Voltaire. ' ¦
Ferns, v. Ireland, in Wexford, 15 m. N. Wex
ford. Ferolito, t Naples, in the BasiUcata, 18 m. S-
Matera. Ferrandina, t Naples, in the BasiUcata, on the
Baaiente, 15 m. S. W. Matera.
Ferrara, Duchy of, or the Ferrarese, a province
ofthe Ecclesiastical stgtsa, having the Adriatic on

FER

FEZ

255

the E. and Uie Po on the N. the portion of it be
yond that river having been annexed to Lombar
dy in 1815. It lies low, and being frequently
overflowed by branches of the Po, is marshy and
unhealthy. Pop. 171,000.
-Ferrara, city, Italy, capital of the Ferrarese,
and the see of an archbishop, situated on a marshy
plain near a branch of the Po, on tiie road from
Venice to Bologna. The churches and convents
are very numerous ; the cathedral is a very an
cieut fabric. Ferrara haa a drawing academy,
and a collection of minerals and antiquities, at
tached to its once famous university. Here are
shown manuscripts of Ariosto, Tasso, and Guarini[;
also the hbuaes which they respectively occupied.
40 m. S. E. Mantua, 67 N. Bologna. Lon. 1 1° 36'
E. Lat 44° 60' N. Pop. 24,000.
Ferreanah, t. Tunis, in Africa, suppoaed by Dr.
Shaw, to occupy the site of the ancient Thala.
130 m. S. W. Tunis.
Ferreira, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 13 m. W. Be
ja. Ferret, Cape, cape on the W. coast of France.
Lon. 1° 14'^46" W. Lat. 44° 53' 15'' N.
Ferriby, North, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, where
the wealthy merchants of Hull retire during the
summer. Ferrier, Point, cape. New Albion. Lon. 242°
3' E. Lat 33° 424' N.
Ferrintosh, or Faimtash, v. Scotiand, in Ross-
shire. Ferrisburg, t Addison co. Vt, on Lake Cham
plain, at the mouth of Otter creek, 22 m, S, Bur
Ungton, Pop, 1,647,
Ferriters. See Blaskets.
Ferriter's Cove, bay on the W, coastof Ireland,
between SybU-head and Smerwick harbour,
Ferro, or Hiero, the raoat weaterly of the Canary
ialands. It contains about 7 square leagues. Pop,
5,000, It was once supposed to be the raost west
erly point ofthe old world, and was eraployed by
all geographers aa their first meridian, Lon', of
the W, point, 18° Iff W, Lat 27° 46' N,
Ferro/, s-p, Spain, on the N, coast of Galicia,
in the bay of Coruuna. The harbour, for depth,
capacity, and safety, is not equalled by ria'ny in
Tilui-ope. The entrance is very narrow, and com
manded by forts, and which may even be shut by
a atoccado. It is now the firat maritime arsenal
in the kingdora. The basin in which the ships are
laid up is of great extent, and solid workmanship.
The raarine barracks afford accomraodation for
6,000 raen. The establishraents here are all na
val ; there is an academy for the Guardas Mari
nas ; a mathematical school for marine artille
rists; a nautical, and even a pilot, school. Ferrol
I ia not a place of trade, the harbour being frequen
ted only by coasting barks; and the manufactures
confined to aaU cloth. Pop. about 10,000. 21 m.
N. E. Corunna, 36 N. W. Lugo. Lon. 8° 11' W,
;Lat 43° 29' N.
Ferrol, Cape, a cape on the N. W. coast of New
foundland. Lon. 67° 11' W. Lat. 61° 4' N.
Ferry, v. Scotland, in Forfarshire, on the frith
Of Tay, 3 ra. E. Dundee.
Ferrybridge, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Ayre,
15 m. N. Doncaster.
Ferryden, v. Scotland, in Forfar, 1 m, S, Mon
trose, Perry-hill, p-v, Mecklenburg Co, Va,
Ferry Port an Craig, v, Scotland, in Fifeshire,
at the mouth ofthe Tay, 4 m. E, S, E, Dundee,
FtrrytmnofCree. 8tB Cr«/eim».

Fersina, r. Tyrol, which runs into the Adige, 2
m, N. Trent
Ferte Alais, or Aleps, La, t. France on the
Juine, 34 m. S. Paris. Lon. 2° 30' E. Lat 48*
29' N.
Ferte Bernard, La, t. France, in Sarthe, 18 m.
N. E. Le Mans. Lon. 0° 44' E- Lat 48° 11' N.
Ferte Chaudron, La, t France, in Nievre, 10
m. N. W. MouUns.
Ferte Gaucher, La, t, France, which was the
scene ofa severe action, on 26th March 1814, be
tween the French and allies. 14 m. S. Chateau-
Thierry. Lon. 3° 22' E. Lat 48° 47' N.
Ferte Maces, 1.0, t. France, 23 m. W. Alencon.
Pop. 3,400.
Ferte Milan, La, t. France, in Aisne, on the
OurCq, 60 m. N. E. Paris.
Ferte sur Aube, La, t France, in Upper Marne,
the scene of an action between the French and al
lies on the 27th and 28th February 1814. 16 m.
W. Chaumont en Bassigne. Lon. 4° 42' E. Lat.
48° 6' N.
Ferte sous Jouarre, t. France, in Seine-and-
Mame, at the conflux ofthe Marne and the Morin.
10 m.E. Meaux. Pop. 3,700.
Felhord, t Ireland, in Tipperary, 8 m. S. E.
Castel. Fetia, (an, Ephetm,) t Thessaly, 45 m. S. E.
Larissa. Fetislaw, or Kladowo, t. Eu, Turkey, in Servia,
on the Danube, 8 m, E. Orsova.
Fetlar, or Fitlar, one ofthe more northern Shet
land islanda. Lon. 1° 6' W. Lat- 60° 68' N.
Feitercairii, v. Scotland, in Kincardine.
Fetu, or Affetu, district on the Gold coaat of Af
rica, in which ia Cape Coast Castle.
Feversham, t. Eng. in Kent. The manufacture
of gunpowder is carried on to a great extent. The
works belong to govemment. Between 12,000
and 13,000 barrels are annually manufactured.
Pop. 3,872, 9 ra, W, Canterbury, 47 E, London,
Lon, 0° 54' E, Lat, 51° 19' N,
Feugerolles, t France, iu Loire, 5 m, S. St, Et
ienne, Fez, country, N, Africa, bounded N. by the
straits of Gibrsdtar, E, by Algiers, S. by Morocco,
and W, by the Atlantic, It is now annexed to
Morocco, and forms the most valuable portion of
that empire. See Morocco.
Fes, a large city of Morocco, in Africa, built iu
793, and once the capital of all the western Ma
hometan statea. Leo Africanua deacribes it in the
twelfth century as containing 700 temples and
mosques. Such was the veneration in which it
was held, tftat when the road to Mecca was shut
up, pilgrimagea were made to Fez, as a city al
most as aacred. It was no less famous for learning.
Its numerous schools for philosophy, physic, and
astronomy, were resorted to froin all the Mahom
etan kingdbma of Spain and Africa, The situa
tion of the city ia singular. It lies in a valley,
which is forraed by surrounding hills into a species
of funnel, and the higher parts of which are cov
ered with trees, orange groves and orchards, A
river winds through the valley, refreshing the
fields, turning various machinery, and supplying
water to aU the city. Fez stands in the hoUow
parts of this valley ; and the gardens seeu around
it form a most delightful amphitheatre. On a height
above the rest of the city stands New Fez. ' The
finest edifice is the mosque of 'Carubin, which is
a mile and a half in circumference. The city
containa 200 caravansaries Or inns. The mar-

256

F I G

kets are immensely crowded. Pop. according to
Mr. Jackson, 380,000, according to AU Bey,
mOOO, Lon, 6° 20' W, Lat, 33° 50' N,
Feza, city, Persia, in Fars, supposed to be the
ancient Pasa Sarda, 56 m, W, Darabjerb,
Fezzan, a country of interior Africa, S, of Tri
poli, It forms, as it were, a great island in the
midst of an imraense 'desert of sand. The cultiva
ted plain is about 300 railes long, and 200 broad.
The heatof suramer is intense, scarcely supporta
ble even by the natives. The winter on the other
hand, is bleak -and cold. The population, e!,tima-
ted by Homeman at 70,000 or 75,000, is composed
partly of the natives of the bordering desert, and
partly of merchants frora Egypt, TripoU, Bornou,"
Cassina, and other distant parts of Africa. The
king pays a sraall tribute to Tripoli, but iu other
respects is entirely independent, and rules his do-
rainions with absolute sway. Fezzan derives its
chief iraportance from that favourable situation,
which renders it a grand depot for the iraraense
interior commerce which is carried on between
Northern and Central Africa, A British resident
has lately been appointed at the court of Fezzan,
and the British govemment have determined to
make vigorous efforts, to penetrate by this route
into the interior of Africa.
-Fsono, t. Italy, on the Tiber, 15jn. N. Rome.
Fiona, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 9 ra, S. Ter
arao. Fianona, s-p, Istria, on the gulf of Quarnero,
36 m. S, E, Trieste, Lon, 14° 18' E, Lat, 45°
49' N.
Fichervolo, t. ofthe Popedom, on the Po, 13 m,
W, N, W, Ferrara.
Fidalgo, Port, inlet, N. W. coast of America, in
Prince WiUiam sound, Lat. 60° 56' N.
Fiddich, r. Scotland, in Banff, which falls into
the Spey,
Fides, t. Lower Austria, on the Theya, 6 m, S,
W, Bohraisch Wadhofen,
Fiego, or Fijoogo, s-p, Japan, ou the S, coaat of
Niphon. 48 m, S, W, Meaco,
Field's mills, p-v. Brunawick co. Va.
Fier, r. Savoy, which faUs into the Rhone near
Seissel. Fiesole, (an. Faaw/ffi,) t Tuscany, 3 m, N, E,
Florence, Fife, a maritime co. Scotland, bounded N. by
the Tay, E. by the German ocean, S. by the frith
of Forth, and W. by the countips of PerUi, Clack
mannan, and Kinross, It contains 504 square
milea. It is very populous and fertUc, and abounds
with minerals. Pop. 101,272. Families, 26,352,
of Which nuraber, 5,073 are engaged in agricul
ture, and 15,564 iu trade and raanufactures.
Fifeness, cape, Scotland. Lon. 2° W. Lat 66°
17' N.
Fifteen-mile creek, r. which riaes in Pennsylva
nia, and runs into the Potoraac in Maryland!
Figalo, Cape, cape on the coast of Epirua, at the
entrance of the gulf of Arta, Lon. 20° 32' E, Lat,
39° 20' N,
Figari, Porta, di, t. Corsica, 17 m, S, W. Porto
Vecchio,
, Figeac, t. France, in Lot, on the Seille, 27 m,
E, Cahora, 46 N. E. Montauban, Lon. 2° 8' E,
Lat 47° 37' N, Pop, 6,450,
Fighig, t. and district, Africa, within the nora-
in;il dominions of the emperor of Morocco, and a
rendezvouz for the Mecca and Tombuctoo cara
vans. 240 m, E. S, ^, Mequinez.

F I N
Fighting island, small isl, of Michigan^ Territo.
ry, in Detroit river, alittle above Gross iale,
Figlino, t Tuscany, in the Val d'Arno, 16 m.
S, S. E, Florence,
Figueira, t Portugal, in Beira, on the Monde-
go, 10 m. S, W, Montemor o Velho,
Figueras, t, Spain, in Catalonia, near the
French frontier. It has a strong and magnificent
caatle, 20 ra, N, Gerona, 25 S, Perpignan. Pop,
4,600, Figueri, Cape, cape onthe W, coast of Sardin
ia, Lon, 9° 46' E, Lat 41° 8' N,
Filadelfia, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 12 m,
W, Squillace.
Fildine, t. Prussian Poland, 26 m, N, W, Posen.
Filelc, t. Hungary, 40 m. S, E, Cremnitz,
Fiky, t Eng, on the coast of York, 2 m. N, Hon-
mmiby, Filippa d'Argirone, t Sicily, in the Val di De-
raone, on the Jaretta, 9 m, S, Nicosia,' Pop,
6,000. Filipoppoli. See PhilippopoU.
Filoquia, (an, Argos AmphiUtchiMm,) t Albania
on the gulf of Arta, 25 m. S, E, Arta.
Filoti, t Eu, Turkey, 8 m. W, Joannina,
Fimarella, r. Naplea, which runs into the gnlf
of Tarento, Lon, 17° 12' E, Lat 39°: 36' N,
Finale, s-p. in the Genoese territory, 36 m, S,
W, Genoa, Lon, 8° 24' E, Lat 44° 10' N. Pop.
7,000, Finale de Modena, t Modena, on the Panaro, 33
ra, N. E. Modena.
Fincastle, or Jlfonroe, p-t and cap, Botetourt co,
Va, on Catabaw creek, which runs into James riv
er, a few railes below the town ; 55 m. W. by N,
Lynchburg, 36 E. Lexington, Ken. 175 W. Kch-
mond. It contains a court-house and jail, anil
about 60 houaea.
Finchky, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 7 m. N. Lon
don. Finchtown, t St, Ormont co. Up. Canada. ^
Findhorn, r. Scotland, which fsJls into the Mo
ray frith, 4 ra. below Forres.
Findhorn, a-p. Scotiand, in Elgin, at the moutli
oftlie Findhorn, 5 m. N, Forres.
Findleysrilk, p-v. Mecklenburg co. N. C.
Finham, t France, 22 m, N. by W. Toulouse,
Finholloway, r. Geo. which runs into the .41ata-
maha, in Wayne co.
Finisterra, Cape, the N. W. point of Spain, on
the coast of Galicia. Lon. 9° 13' 30" W. Lat 42»
66' 30" N. i
Finisterre, a department in the western exfrem
ity of France. Quimber is the capital, though
Brest is a rauch larger place.
Finland, an extensive country in the north of
Europe, bounded N, by Lapland, E. by the Rus
sian governments of Archangel and Olonetz ; -S.
by the gulf of Finland, and W. by the gulf of
Bothnia. It extends from 60° to 66° Nj lat The
whole of Uiis country, except the disfrict of Wy-
borg, formerly belonged to Sweden, and was divi
ded into Finland proper, and East Bothnia, but
in 1808, the whole -was annexed to Russia, and
now constitutes the government of Finland. It
contains 89,520 square miles, and 1,115,000 in
habitants. The pasturages are extensive and
good ; the exports of the country conaiat in tar,
pitch, wood, iron, and copper. The Finnish lan
guage is quite - different both from Russian and
Swedish ; this language is apokenalsoin Lapland,
Esthonia, and in part of Livonia, In reUgion the
Finlanders ai-e Lutherans. The capital is Abo,

F I S

F I U

257

Finky, t. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,035.
Finmark, an extensive province of Noi-way,
bordfering 'ton the Northern ocean. Pop, 27,000.
The inhabitants derive their principal subsistence
from fishing. To this province belong several isl
ands, on one of which, Magefoe, is the north cape,
the ihost northern proraontory of Europe.
Finn, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough Foyle
near Strabane,
Finnes, t, France, 1^ ra. W. Rheims, Lon, 3°
42'E. Lat49°20'N,
Fino, Cape, Genoa, on the coast of the Riviera
di Levante. / Lon. 8° 6' E, Lat. 44° 19' N,
Finow, amall r, Brandenburg, which falb into
the Oder.
Finslerwalde, t Pruasian states, 36 m, N. Dres
den. Fintry, v. Scotiand, in Stirlingshire, 8 m. S. W.
Stirling. Fionda, or Phionda, (an. Phaselis,) city of Asia
Minor, on the W. coast ofthe gulf of-Sabilia. It
is called Tekrova by the Turks. Here are the 3
ports and the lake, described by Strabo ; the ruins
of a theatre, and the remains of several large buil
dings. 26m.S,AdaUa,
¦ FiOrentino, t. Popedom, in the Campagna di Ro
ma, 23 m, N, Terracina, Lon, 13° 6' E, Lat. 41°
42'N, Fiorentino, t Naples, in the Capitanata, 7 m, S,
Lucera, Fiorenzuola, t Naplea, in the Capitanata, 10 ra,
S, St. Severe,
' Fierensuola, t, and fort ofthe duchy of Piacen
za, 22 m. N. W. Parma. Pop. 3,000.
Firan, small island in the Red aea. Lon. 41°
30' E. Lat. 17° 13' N.
Firdands, a tract of country, Ohio, which in-
cludea the 5 western-most ranges of townahips in
the Connecticut reserve.
Firensuala, t Tuacany, 22 m. N. Florence, 23
S. Bologna.
' 'Fjr^/aee, p-v. in Brookhaven, Suffolk co. N. Y.
Firminy, t France, in Lofre, 6 m. W. St Et
ienne. Firazabttd, the name of part of the city of Delhi.
Firozdbad, tHind. in Agra, onthe Jumna, Lon,
78° 2ff E, Lat 27° 9' N,
Firoseabad, t. Peraia, in Fars, 70 ra. from Bu
shire, Firozeh, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 75° 13' E. Lat
29° 17' N.
First Moon, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop. 1,035.
First Sight Island, one of the Solomon islands.
Lon. 149° Iff E. Lat 7° 15' S.
Fischhausen, t. East Prussia, on the Frische-
Haf, 5 m,*W, Konigsberg,
FiahkUl,! r, N. Y, which joins Wood creek 2
miles from ita entrance into Oneida lake. Anoth
er creek of thia name ia the outlet of Saratoga
lake into Hudson river. Its mouth ia opposite the
mouth of Battenkill, On the banks of this creek,
the British army, under Gen. Burgoyne, surren
dered to Gen, Gates, Oct, 17th, 1777.
Fish River, Great j r, Africa, which rises in the
Sneuwberg mountains, and faUs into the Indian
sea, Lon. 27° 20' E. Lat. 33° 30' S.
Fish River, r. West Florida, which runs into
Mobile bay. Lon. 87° 50' W. Lat, 30° 30' N,
Fisher's field, t. Hillsborough co. N, H, 16 m. E,
Charlestown, 23 W, Concord, Pop, 563, Sunapee
pondliea partly in this town,
Fisher's island, isl. in Longrlsland Sound, an
nexed to ;Southold, Suffolk co. N. Y. 6 m, S. W,
33

Stonington, Ct, It is 9 miles long and 2 broad.
Pop. 100.
Fisher's store, p-v. Clarke co. Alabama.
Fisherrow, t Scotiand, 5 m. E. Edinburgh.
Fishguard, or Fisgard, s-p. Wales, in Pembroke
CO. 16 m. from St. David's. ,
Fishing bay, bay, Md. on tiie eastern shore of
the Chesapeake, in Dorchester and Somerset cos.
It receives the Wicomico and Nanticoke, besides
other smaller rivers. The entrance ia between
Goldsborough, and Devil's islanda.
Fishing creek, t Northumberland co. Pa. ou the
Susquehannah, Pop. 628,
Fishing creek, p-t, Tyler co. Va,
Fishing creek, p-v. Wilkea co, N, C.
Fishingford cross-roads^ p-v, Bedford co, Ten
nessee. Fishing river, t. Howard co. Missouri.
Fishkill, p-t, Dutohess co, N, Y, on Hudson riv
er, 10 ra. below Poughkeepsie, 65 N, New- York,
Pop. 6,930. The viUage of FishkiU is about 5 ra.
E. of the river, on FiahkiU creek. The other set
tieraents in the town, are Hopewell, New Haok-
insac, Middlebush, and Wappinger's creek.,-. The
nuraber of churches ia 6. Here are numerous
railla and manufactures and 2 landings, at
which considerable trade ia carried on.
FishkiU landing, p-v. Dutchess co, N. Y,
'Fish lake, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, on the river
Don, 2 ra, from Thorn,
Fish river, r. Alabama, whic*i runs into the E,
side of Mobile bay.
Fisko, small isl, of the Baltic, Lon, 20° 45' E,
Lat 60° 28' N,
Fismes, t. France, 14 ra, W, Rheims, Lon, 3°
42'E, Lat 49° 19' N,
Fitchburg, p-t Worcester co, Mass. on Nashua
river, 26 m, N, Worcester, Pop, 1,666,
Fittre, or Fiddri, large lake of Central Africa,
in a kingdom of the same narae, called also, L^ussi
Cougu, and Dar Caoka. The kingdom lies S. of
Begherme, and is now subject to Bornou.
FiffilHeod, cape of Mainland, one ofthe Shet
land isles, near the N. extremity, Lon, 1° 44' W,
Lat 59° SO'N,
Fitzherbert' s Island, small isl, in the Florida
stream, at the entrance of the gulf of Mexico,
Lon, 81° 5ff W, Lat 24° 40' N.
Fitzhugh's Sound, narrow channel of the Pacif
ic ocean, between Calvert's island and the W,
coast of America.
Fitsjames, formerly Worthi, t. Franoe, in Oise,
3 ra. N. E. Clerraont,
Fitswillimi, p-t. Cheshire co, N, H, 13 m. S,
E, Keene, Top. 1,310.
Five Fingers Point,.Nevr Zealand, theN. prom-'
ontory at the entrance of Dusky bay,
Fivizsano, t. Tuscany. 13 m, N. N. E. Carrara,
Pop, 3,200.
Fiume, s-p, Austrian empire, at the bottora of
the gulf of Quarnero, on the Adriatic, The har
bour, though difficult of entrance, is very com
modious, 5 m. W, N, W, Buccari, 36 S. E,
Trieste, Pop, 12,000. Lon, 14° 26' 22" E, Lat.
45°2ffl0"N. Fiurne, one of the circles of the newly erected
Austrian kingdom of Ulyria, Pop. 131,500.
Fmme Grande, r. Sicily, which forms the E.
boundary ofthe Val di Mazzara,
Fiumicino, s-p, Italv, in the Ecclesiastical state,
at the mouth of the W. hmnrh of Uie Tiber, 2
m. S. W. Porto,

258

F L E

Flaach, v. Swiss canton of Zurich, at the conflux
of the Rhine and Thur, 8 m, S. W. Schaffhausen'.
Fladstrond, s-p, Denmark, in Jutland, It is a
common shipping place to Norway, SO m. N, N.
E, Aalborg, Lon, 10° 33' 30" E, Lat 57° 27'
3"N, Flagg-spring, p-v, Campbell co. Ken,
Flamborough, t. Eng, in Yorkshire,
Flamborough, t. York co. Up, Canada, on Bur
lington bay, at the W. extremity of Lake Ontario,
Flamborough Head, lofty promontory, EngC on
the coast of York, Lon. 0° 19' E, Lat 54° 9' N,
Flanders, country, Europe, included partly in
France, but chiefly in the new kingdom of the
Netherlands, French Flanders, forms the depart
ment of the North, The part belonging to the
Netherlands is divided into East and West Flan
ders, which are aeparated from each other by a
line running almost due S, from Sluya, East
Flanders contains 1,080 square miles. Pop,
600,000, Its capital is Ghent, The surface is
level iu the north, while to the south it consiats of
undulating plains. The soU is in general a heavy
loam, and very fertile. The chief productions are
corn, pulse, flax, madder, tobacco, fruit ; and the
pasturages are also excellent West Flanders has
a conaiderable tract of coast, in the central part of
which is Ostend, Its extent is 1,600 square miles.
Pop. 620,000 ; its surface is in general level, ex
cept the sand hills on the coast Here also the
soil is fertUe, and the agriculture good. The
manufactures are very conaiderable in lace and
fine linen,
Flannan Islands, several islands ofthe Hebrides,
Lon, 7° 26' W, Lat, 68° 26' N.
Flatbush, p-t, and cap. Kings co. Long-Island,
N, Y. on New-York bay, 6 m. S. by E. New-York
city. Pop. 1,159, The public buildings are, a
eourt-house, an academy, called Erasmus Hall,
and a church, A battle wasfought nearthis town,
27th August, 1776, in which the Araericans were
defeated by the British, with great loss.
Flat creek, r. S. C, which runs into the Great
Pedee, 64 m.from Greenville.
Flat Holm, isl. in the Bristol channel. Lon. 3°
S' W. Lat 51° Sff N.
Flatlands, t. Kings co. N. Y. on New- York bay,
2 m. S. Flatbush. Pop. 617.
FUit Point, cape ^t the southern extreraity of
Sumatra. Lon. 102° 38' E. Lat 0° 50' S.
Flathow, t. Pruasian Poland, 25 ra. W. N. W.
Broraberg. Lon. 17° 2' 27" E. Lat. 53° 21' 53" N.
Flattery Cape, on the N. W. coast of America,
jn lat 18° 234 N. and in lon. 124° 62' W.
Fleche, La, t. France, in Sarthe, on the Loir,
formerly celebrated for its coUege, which is now
discontinued. Pop, 5.000, 22 m, N. E, Angers,
Lon, 0° 8' E. Lat. 47° 42' N.
Fleckeroe,isl. Norway, nearChristiansand. Lon,
8° 18' E. Lat. 58° 4' N,
Fleet, r. Eng, which mns into the Trent, 8 m.
N. Newark.
Fleet, r. Scotland, which falls into Wigton bay,
Fleming, co. in the E, part of Ken, Pop, 8,947.
Slaves, 549.
Flemings, p-v. Wayne co. Indiana.
Flemingsburg, p-t. and cap. Fleming co. Ken,
Flemington, p-t, Hunterdon co, N, J, 23 m, N,
N, W, Trenfon, 9 S. PiUstown, 53 N, E, Philadel
phia, Flenshorg, s-p, Denmark, in Sleswick, on a bay
ofthe Baltic, 16 m, N, Sleswick, Pop. 15,000.
Lon, 9° 27'40"E, Lat 54° 47' 18"N,

FLO
Fletcher, t. Franklin co, Vt 22 m, N-, E, Bur
lington, Pop. 382,
FleuroncCf t. France, on the Gers, 4 ra. S, Lec-
toure. Lon, 0° 15' E. Lat 43° 51' N.
Fkurus, t, Netherlands, in Hainault, near
the Sarabre, and the scene of repeated batties.
Pop, 2,020, 7 m. N, E, Charleroi.
Flinders Island, isl, onthe S, coast of New-Hol
land. Lon, 134° 27'E. Lat. 33° 41' S,
Flinn, t. Jackson co, Indiana.
Flinn'sfork, p-v, Caldwell co. Ken.
Flint, CO. Wales, bounded N. by the Irish sea,
N, E. by the estuary of the Dee, E. by Cheshfre,.
and S. E. and S. W. by Denbighshire. The prin
cipal raanufactures are copper and brass,- which
are carried on to a large extent near Holvwell.
Pop. in 1811, 46,518. FamiUes, 9,740 ; ofwhich
number 4,086 were employed in agriculture, and
3,009 in trade and manufactures.
Flint, t Wales, in Flint co. ou the estuary of
the Dee. Pop. 1,433. 7 m, from HolyweU.
Flint, r. Ontario co. N. Y. which runs into
Canandaigua river, at the viUage of Vienna in
Phelps. Flint, r. Geo. which rises between N. lat 34°
and 35°, and running S. joins the Chatahoochee to
form the Appalachicolsu The Creek Indianshave
a nuraberof villages on this river. , ,
Flint Island, isl. in the' gulf oi St Lawrence,
near the coast of Cape Breton island. Lon. 59°
4ffW.Lat46°lffN. Flitsch, t. Austrian empire, 18 m. W. S. W. Vil-
lach. Flix, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on tbe Ebro, 20 m.
S, Lerida, 25 N. Tortosa. Lon. 0^ 22" E. Lat 41°
8' N. Flixton, t Eng. in Lancashfre, 7 m, W, Man
chester. Flodden, v. Eng, in Northumberland, near to
which a bloody engagement was fought between
the English and Scotch, September, 1513, 5 m.
N. Wooler.
Florae, t France, iu Lozere, on the Tarn, 13
m. S. Mende. Lon, 3° 40' E. Lat, 44° 19' N,
Florence, the capital ofthe grand duchy of Tus
cany, and one ofthe finest cities of Italy, stands in
a beautiful valley intersected by the Arno, Its
streets and squares are adorned with piUara, foun
tains, and statues. The number of churches is
uncommonly great,and they contain many excel
lent paintings. The cathedral'is a braiding of
great extent and magnificence. The dome of this
building is much admfred; also the adjoining
tower, 280 feet in height, which ia Ught and grace
ful in its architecture, and adorned with statues.
The church of St. Lorenzo contains the magnifi
cent mausoleum of the Medicis ; and the adjoin
ing con-.ent holds the library of the same family,
valuable chiefly for its manuscripts. But the
grand collection of works of art is intheMedicean
gallery, known throughout Europe as the gaUery
of Florence ; itis raore than 500 feet long, and re
plenished with busts, statues, and paintings. The
last are arranged so as to exhibit the history ofthe
art from the 11th to the 17th century. Here is
the celebrated Venus de Medicis, and other beau
tiful specimens of ai-t, carried off for a time by the
French, but restored in 1815. The university of
Florence dates from 1438. In 1542 was inatituted
the -'Vcademia Florentina. Here are also achools,
and an academy of the fine arts. Dante, Machia-
vei, Guicoiardini, .\mericus Vespuciua, and other
d Istiuguished characters, were nativesofFlorepoe,

FLO

FLU

2Sa

Florence ia surrounded by a wall, and has tWo
citadels. It is the see of an archbishop, and was
a place of great frade from the 13th to the 15th
century. 50 m.S, Botogna, 130 N,N, W.Rome,
Lon, 11° 15' 45" E. Lat, 43° 4ff 41" N, Pop.
75,000. Florence, t Oneida co. N. Y. 17 m. N. W. Rome.
Pop. 396.
Florence, t and cap. Lauderdale co. Alabama,
on the N. bank of the Tennessee, at the foot of the
Muscle Shoals, 60 ra. N. by E. Cotton-gin Port.
It is on a plain, elevated 100 feet above the river,
and was laid out in 1818.
Flarensac, t. France, 16 m, E. by N. Beziers,
FlorenviUe, t. Netherlands, in Luxemburg, 11
m, N, Neufchateau,
Flores, isl. in tiie Pacific. Lon. 234° 3' E. Lat
49° 2ff N.
f7ores, isl. oneof the Azores, about 30 miles long
and 9 broad. Pop, 1,300 or 1,400, Lon, 31° W.
Lat 39° 34' N.
Flores, or Ende, isl. in the E. Indian sea, about
200 milea long, by 40 or 50 broad. Lon. 120° to
123° E, Lat 8° to 9° S.
Florida, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 30 m. N, N, E,
Lenox. Pop. 392,
Fhrido, p-v, in Warwick, Orange co. N, Y, 44
m. from the viUage of War-wick. Itihas about 60
houses, a chureh, and an academy.
Florida, p-t, Montgomery co. N, Y, on the Mo
hawk, 11 m. S, Johnstovm, 35 N, W, Albany, Pop.
2,7'77.' It contains 5 churches.
Florida, a territory of the U. States, bounded
N, by Alabama and Georgia, E, by the Atlantic,
S. and W, by the Gulf of Mexico. Formerly the
name of Florida was applied to the whole country
east of the Mississippi, and bounded as follows :
N. by the river St Mary from the aea to its source,
thence W. to the junction of Flint river with the
Appalachicola, then up the Appalachicola to the
parallel of 31° N. lat then due W, along that par
allel to the Miaaissippi. The river Appalachicola
divided thia country into East and 'West Florida.
The part lying between the Missiaaippi and Pearl
river, ia now included in the state of Louisiana ;
the part between Pearl river and Uie Perdido, be
longs to the atatea of Miaaiaaippi' and Alabaraa ;
and theparteast ofthe Perdido ia the country that
is now properly caUed Florida, It lies between
25° and 31° Ni lat and between 80° 30' and 87°
20' W, lon. The soil is very various ; in some
parts, especially on the banks of the rivers, it is
equalto any in the world ; in other parts, indif
ferent ; and there are large tracts Which are rep
resented to be of Uttle value. The country, how
ever, has been but imperfectly explored, and few
agricultural experiments-have been made. Much
ofthe land, which, on a superficial view, haa been
supposed to be not worth cultivating, it is beUeved
may be turned to very profitable account The
productions are cora, rice, potatoes, cotton, hemp,
olives, oranges, and other tropical fruits, and it is
suppoaed that coffee and the sugar cane Will flour
ish here. The pine barrens produce a kind of
grass, which supports an immense number of cat
tle. The forests yield fine live oak, pitch, tar,
and turpentine, and lumber has been exported for
nearly a century. Vast quantities of fish are cur
ed on the coast. — The climatev from October to
June, is generally excellent ; but the months of
July, August, and September, are extremely hot
and uncomfortable ; and during this aeaaon j fevers
sure prevalent. -At St, Augustine however, the

climate ia delightful, and this place is the resort
of fnvalids, »
Florida has often changed masters. Until 1763
it belonged to Spajn, It was then- ceded to Gi-eat
Britain ; but in 1783, was restored to Spain, with
whom it reraained till 1821, vthen it was ceded to
the United States, The wliite population is com
posed of Spaniards, English, Scotch, Irish, and A-
raericana. Their number is supposed not to ex
ceed 10 or 15,000, and their settiements are con
fined to the coast and the banks of the principal
rivers. The Seminole Indians forraerly possessed
the most fertile districts, but in the recent contest
with tho U, States, they have been scattered and
slaughtered. See Seminoks. The principal riv
era are the St. John's, which is a fine river, running
from S, to N, through nearly the whole extent of
the peninaula ; and the Appalachicola, which ri
aes on the borders of Tennessee, and derives its
waters from the western half of G eorgia, and a
part of Alabaraa, The principal island is Amelia
island. The principal towns are St. Augustine
and Pensacola, The acquisition of Florida ia
very iraportant to the United States, as it secures
the Outlet of several navigable rivers ; excludes
foreign powers from a long line of vulnerable fron
tier ; gives us nuraerous porta in the Gulf of Mex
ico ; brings near the W. India islands, and adds
aome valuable articlea to the list of our agricultu*
ral products. See Forbes' purchase.
Florida, p-t. Highland co. Ohio.
Florida, Cane, the most easterly point of Flor
ida. Lon. 80° 37' W, Lat, 25° 44' N,
Florida, Gulf af, the channel between the pen^
insula of Florida and the Bahama islands, N, of the
island of Cuba, and through which the gulf stream

Florida Keys, or Martyr's Islands, a number of
roclts and sand banks at Uie S, extremity of E.'
Florida. The great sand bank extenda frora the
peninsula of East Florida inward, to the gulf of
Mexico, in the forra of a nook.
Florida, Rio, i. New Spain, which discharges
itself into the Conchos.
Florida Stream, channel which separates the
island of Cuba frora the coastof Florida, between
the gulf of Florida and the gulf of Mexico.
Florissant, p't. St Louis co. Miasouri on Missou-
ri river, opposite St Charles, 16 m. N. W, St,
Louis, and 12 ni. above Bellefontaine.
FMte, t France, on the isle of Rhe, 7 m. W, La
RocheUe, Pop, 3,000.
Fkwerlown, or White Marsh, p-t. Montgomery
CO. Pa, on the Schuylkill, 12 ra. N, Philadelphia.
Pop. 1,328.* _
Floyd, t. Oneida co. N, Y, 6 m. N, E, Rome.
Pop, 970, Iron ore ia found here.
Floyd, CO. Ken, Pop. 3,486. Slaves, 115.
Chieftown, PrestonvUle, At the court-house ia
a post office,
Floyd, CO. Indiana.
Fkyd's, p'V. Buckingham cO, Va,
Fluelen, v. Switzerland, canton of Schwitz, on
the lake of Lucern, 2 m. N, Altorf. ^
Flushing, s-p. Netherlands, in the isl. of WaU
cheren, on the N, side ofthe Scheldt, at its mouth,
28 m, N, E. Oitend, Lon. 3° 35' E. Lat 51° 27'
N, Pop, 6,700. The approach to the harbour is
between two jetties, which break the action ofthe
sea. Inside of the town are two basina, one of
such size and depth as to contain a fleet of men of
War, Flushing is a noted resort of English smug
glers both in peace and war.

260

F O L

Flushing, t. Queen's co, N, Y- on Long Island,
16 m, E, New York, Pop, 2,730, The village
stands on a bay of Long Island aound, and has con-
sderable trade. Flushing is the suraraer resi
dence of many genteel families from the city of
New York.
Flushing, t. Belmont co, Ohio, 12 m, W, St,
ClairsviUe, Pop. in 1819, 966.
Fluvanna. See James river.
Fluvanna, co. Va. inclosed by Albemarle, Lou
isa, and Goochland countiea, and by Jaraes river,
which separates it frora Buckinghara co. Pop.
4,776. Slaves, 2,142. Chief town, Colurabia.
Fluvii^, r. Spain, which faUq into the Mediter
ranean, near Ampurias, Lat, 42° 10' N,
Fly Islqnd, isl, in the Pacific, Lon, 150° 2ff W.
Lat, 16° S,
Foca, smaU isl, W, Africa, at the mouth of the'
Calabar river,
Fochabers, t. ScoUand, in Banff, on the Spey, 9
m. E, Elgin,
Fo-chan, t. Cliina, near Canton, and on the
banks of the same river, at the head of tiie tide,
Fochea, (an, Pliocea,) s-p. Asia Minor, in Nato
lia, at the raouth of the Hermus, in the gulf of
Smyrna, 28 m. N. W, Smyma, Lon, 26° 39' E,
Lat 38° 44' N.
Foczani, t. Eu. Turkey, on the Milkow, which
divides it into two parts, the one in Walachia, the
other in Moldavin, 54 m. W. N. W, Galacz, Lon
27° 13' E. Lat. 44° 42' N,
Foeldwar, t. Hungary, on the Danube, opposite
Colocza, Pop, 2,600, Lon, 18° 26' 3" E, Lat,
46° 48' 26" N,
Fogaros, t. Transylvania, on the Aluta, 28 ra,
W, Cronstadt. Lon, 24° 29' 30" E, Lat. 45° 43'
47" N,
Foggia, t Naples, in Capitanata, without walls,
citadel, or gates. The aquare of Foggia, and
several of its streets, are undermined with vaults,
where corn is stored and preserved from year to
year. 42 m. N, E, Benevento, Lon, 15° 38' E.
Lat 41° 25' N, Pop. 17,000.
Foggy, Cape, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 54^ 64' N.
Foggy Island, near the N. W. coast of Araerica.
Lat 66° Iff N. Lon. 202° 46' E,
Fohr, small isl. Denmark, on the W. coast of
Sleswick. Pop, 5,600. Lon, 8° 31' E. Lat 54°
44' N,
Foix, t. France, cap, of Arriege, on the river
Arriege, 34 m. S. Toulouae. Pop. 3,600.
Fo-kien, province, China, bounded N, by Tche-
kiang, E. by the Chineae aea, S, by Quang-tong,
and W, by Kiang-si, Considerable commerce ia
carried on between Fokien and Japan, Formosa,
the Philippine islands, Java, Cambodia, and Siam,
Fou-tcheou is the capital. Pop, l£,OO0,O0O,
Foldenfiord, large bay of Norway, in Nord'
land. Foleshill, t. Eng. in Warwick, 2 ra, N, E, Cov
entry, Pop. 3,480,
Foligno, t. Ecclesiastical States, 10 ra, N, N,
W, Spoleto,, 15 S, E. Perugia, Pop. 7,000,
Folkingham, t, Eng, in Lincolnshire, 27 ra. S,
Lincoln. Folksione, or Folkeslbne, t Engi in Kent, with a
spacious harbor. The sea is making rapid en
croachments here. Pbp. 3j697. 7 ra. S. W. Do
ver, 72 E. S. E.London,
Folly landing, port of entry, Va. Amount of
shipping in 1816, 3j447 tons;

FOR
Fan. See B,ancock,
Fondi, t Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro, on Uie
Garigliano. It ia built on the Via Appia, which
remainahere in its original state. Pop. 5,000;i 40
m, W. Capua, 56 E- Rome. ¦.-« •
Fonda. See Castel-Pfund.
Fond duLac, or St. Louis, r. N. W. Territory,
which falls into the S. VV. end of lake Superior.
It affords the most considerable communicatioB
between lake Superior and the Mississippii .• ^
Fong-yang, a city of China, of the first rank,
in Kiang-nan, on a raountain, near Uie YeUow
river, 340 m. S, Pekin. Lon. 117°. E. Lat 32®
52'N. , ¦¦
Fonia, kingdom, of W. Africa,; on the Gambia.
Fans, t. France, in Lot, 12 m, S. St Cere. Lon.
2° 2'E. Lat44°4ff N.
Fonseca Bay, See Amapalla.
Fontainebkau, t France, 42 m. S. S. E, Paris,
Here is a celebrated royal palace, the general
autumnal residence of the longs of France, la
its neighbourhood is a forest of nearly 30,000
acres. Fontainebleau has given name to several
treaties. Pop, 9,000. Lon. 2° 41' E. Lat 48"'
24' N.
Fontaine VEveque, t Netherlands, in Hainault,
6 m. W. Charleroi, 25 E. Mons. Lon. 4° 21' E.
Lat. 50° 23' N.
Fontaine Francaise, t. France, 10 m. W. N. IV.
Gray. Fontaine More, t Piedmont, 20 m. E. S. E.
Aosta. Fontaine de Vaucluse, v. France, 15 m. E. Avig
non. Fonianella, t, Lombardy, in the Bergamasco,
on the OgUo and the Pamenengo, 9 m, N, N, E,
Crema. Pop. 2,000.
Fontarabia, (an. Ocaso,) strong t Spain, in
Guipuscoa, on the frontiers of France. Itis one
of the keys of the kingdom, and is situated on a
small peninsula, on the Bidassoa, 15 m. S. S. E.
Bayonne. Lon. 1° 47' W. Lat 43° 21' N.
Fontenay, v. France, 23 m. S. Auxerre.
Fontenay k Comte, t. France, on the Vendee,
28 m. N. E. La RocheUe. Lon. 0° 6ff W, Lat 46°
Sff N,
Fontenoy, v, Netherlands, in Hainault, 4 m, S,
E. Tournay.
Fantevraulf, t France, in Maine-and-Loire, 6
ra. E. Saumur.
Foolttdbo, mountainous district, Africa, near the
sources of Uie Senegal, between Kaarta, Konko-
doo, Jallonliadoo, audManding.— SeeFoii/o/uond
Foota Jallo.
Foota Jallo, country, W. Africa, situated about
the sources of the Gambia, the Rio Grande, and.
the Niger. It is about 350- miles from E. to W.
and 200 frora N. to S. The inhabitants are Fou-
lahs. See Foulatis. The principal towns are
Teemboo and Laby.
Foota tarro, counfry, W. Africa, between the
higher parts of the Senegal and Gambia^ and W;
of Bondou. It ia occupied by Foulaha. . _
Fories' purcliase^ a fract of land in Florida, in
cluding nearly the whole of the counfry between
the Apalachicola and the Oke-lock-onne rivers,
and extending S. to the gulf of Mexico.. It com
prehends aome of the best lands in Florida. i
Forbes's /s/oju/s„ 3 islands off the N. E. coast tof
New Holland. Lat 12° 25' S.
Forcada Rio, r. W. Africa, runs into the AUan-:
tic, in lat. 6° N*

FOR

FOR

261

ForccUquier, t France, in Lower Alps, 20 ra, S.
W, Sisteron, 34 N, N, Aix, Lon, 5° 55' E, Lat,
43°58'N, Forcheim, t Franconia, at the conflux of the
Wiesent and Regnitz, 14 m. S. Bamberg, 21 N.
Nuremberg, Pop, 2,300,
Ford,-v. ScoUand, 10 m, S, E, Edinburgh,
Fords, p-t, Amite co, Missiaaippi.
Fords, t. aud cap. Marion co. Misaisaippi, on
Pearl river.
Fordingbridge, t Eng. in Southampton, on the
Avon, 12 m. S. Salisbury. Pop. 2,259.
Fordon, t. Prussian Poland, on the Vistula, 7 m.
E. by N. Bromberg.
Fordwich, v. Eng. in Kent, on the Stour, which
is navigable by small vessels. 4 m. N. E. Canter
bury, 68 E. London.
Foreland, North, cape, Eng. forming the N. E.
extremity of Kent Here ia a light-house. Lon,
1°29'E. Lat 51° 25' N.
Foreland, South, cape, Eng. ou the E. coast of
Kent, between Dover and Deal. Lon. 1° 25' E.
Lat 61° 12' N.
Forelands, West, North, and East, 3 points, in
Cook's inlet, N. W. coast of America. Lat 61°
4'N. Foreland, South, formerly called Poitit Pelei,
Up. Canada, a point of land, extending into lake
Erie, in Essex co. On the E. side is a good har
bor. -Fores/, isl. Up. Canada, at the mouth of lake
Ontario, separated by a narrow channel frora
Grand island, 9 m, S. Fort Frontinac,
Forest, (Black,) or Schwarts-wald, large forest,
in the S, 'W, part of Gerraany, It is a raountain
ous tract, and runs from N, to S, along the right
side of the Rhine, principaUy in the grand duchy
of Baden,
Foresterton, v. Burlington co, N, J, IS ra, E,
Philadelphia, 11 S. BurUngton,
Forest Towns, The, 4 towns, in the Black For
est, iu the grand duchy of Baden, They are
Rheiufelden, Seckingen, Lauffenburg, and 'Wald-
sbut. Forests, Departmmis ofthe, the name until 1814
of a department of the French empire. It now
forms the chief part of the grand duchy of Lux
emburg, in Netherlands,
Forester's Island, in the Pacific, 16 m, from the
coast of Prince of Wales's Archipelago, Lon,
226° Sff E, Lat 54° 6ff N.
Foret, Baye de, bay, on the W, coaat of France,
Lon, 3° 53' W, Lat, 47° 53' N,
Forfar, or Angus, co, Scotland, bounded N, by
Aberdeen and Kincardine, E, by the German
6cean, S, by the frith of Tay, and W, by Perth co.
It containa 977 aq. miles, or 625,901 acrea. The
principal manufacture is Unen, of which nearly
11,000,000 yards are annually exported. Grain,
fiah, and linen, are the chief exporta. Pop, in
1811, 107,578; famiUes, 24,750, of which num
ber 4,980 were engaged in agriculture, and 13,616
in manufactures and trade,
^Forfar, t, Scotland, cap, of Forfar co. It ia a
royal borough. Pop, 4,161, 14 m, N. Dundee,
54 N. Edinburgh.
iForges les Eaux, t, Normandy, 8 m, E, Rouen,
Lon, 1° 30' E. Lat 49° Sff N.
Forio, t Naples, in the ialand of lachia. Pop.
•7,300. Fork, p-v. Richland co. S, C,
Forked-deer, r, Tennessee, which rans into the
Mississippi, between Obrian and Hajehy rivers.

Fork Shoals, p-v, GreenviUe co, S, C,
Forli, t. Italy, in the Popedom, at the conflu
ence of the Ronco and tho Montone, It is the
see of a bishop, and is surrounded by walls. It
¦was entered in 1797 by the French, 14 m, S, S,
W, Ravenna, 33 S, E, Bologna, Lon, 12° 1' E,
Lat 44° 13' N, Pop, 15,520,
Forlimpapali, t Italy, in the Popedom, in Ro
magna, between Forli and Cesena, 3 m, N, Ber-
tiiiero. Pop, 5,800,
Formby, t Eng, iu Lancashire, 3 ra, fr, Liver
pool, Formentera, (an. Pithyusa Minor,) the second
of the Pithyusa islands, separated from Ivica, by
a channel 4 railes wide. It belongs to Spain, Lon,
1° 23' 20" E, Lat 38° 37' 6" N,
Formenton, Cape, the N. E, point of Majorcal
Lon, 3° 13' E, Lat 39° 57' N,
Farmery, t. France, in Oiae, 24 m, N, W, Beau-
vaia, Formiche, small islands in the Tuscan sea, Lon,
10° 25' E, Lat 42° 4ff N,
Farmigny, t. France, 26 m, N, W. Caen,
Formosa, Bay, on the E, coast of Africa. Lat.
2° 45' S.
Formosa, Cape, Malacca, 30 m, S, E, Malacca,
Forrtwso, Rio, r. W, Africa, which runs into the
gulf of Benin. According to Rechard's theory,
it is the termination ofthe Niger, Lon, 4° 20' E,
Lat 5° 40' N,
Formosa, called also Warang, ist W. Afripa, in
the Archipelago of the Bissagos, 30 railes long, 18
broad. It is fertile, but wants water. Lon. 16°
IffW. Lat 11° Sff N.
Formosa, isl. in the Chinese sea, separated from
Fo-kien, in China, by a strait about 60 mile?
wide. It is 240 miles long from N. to S, and 60
broad, in the widest p'art,. The air is pure and
wholesome, and the soil fertile, producing corn,
rice, tobacco, sugar, pepper, &c, Lon, 120° to
122° E. Lat. 22° 6' to 25° Sff N.
Foronovo, v. Parraa, on the Taro, 8 m. W. S. W.
Parma. Forres, t. Scotland, in Moray co. It is a royal
borough. Pop, 2,925, 12 ra, W, Elgin, 212 N.
Edinburgh, Forsta, t. Lower Lusatia, on the Neisse, 54 m.
N. N. E. Dresden.
Forster's Harbor, bay, in Hudson's strait. Lon.
7S°30'W, Lat 62° IffN,
Fort Adams. ' See Loftus heights.
Fort Amanda, fort, Allen co. Ohio, on a branch
of the Auglaize, 49 m, N, E. GreenviUe, 129 N.
Cincinnati Fort Anne, p-t. Waahington co, N, Y, on lake
George, 10 ra. N, SandyhiU, 60 N, Albany, Pop.
3,100. The village is on Wood creek, at the head
of navigation, and contains about 40 houses. At
this spot, stood Fort Ann, often raentioned in the
history of Araerican Wars.
Fort Armstrong, military post, U. S. on Rock
ialand, at the foot of rapijls, in the Miaaisaippi,
2 milea above the mouth of Rock river, 400,.
m. above St, Louis, In ita neighbourhood are
a large body of Indians, of the Sack and Fox
tribes, who are warlike, and well furnished with
horses and fire-arms.
Fori Augustus, tort, Scotland, in Inverness, ajt
the extremity of Lochness ; now dismantled, 32
m, S, W. Inverness, 144 N. Edinburgh,
Fort Brawn, fort, Paulding co, Ohio, 16 ra. S.
Fort Defiance,, '
Fort Carlos, fort, on an island between the gulf

262

FOR

of Venezuela, and lake Maracaybo, 20 m. N.
Maracaybo. Fart Charlotte. See Lerwick.
Fort Chippewyan, N, A. on AUiapeacow lake,
Lon, 110° W, Lat, 58° N.
' Fort Churchill, fort, and settiement, on the W,
coastof Hudson's bay, Lon.9S° W, Lat 68° 60' N,
Fori Clairborne,' p-t. Monroe co. Alabama, on
the E. side ofthe Alabama, at the head of sclioon-
er navigation, 60 m, above its junction with the
If'brabigbce, 25 E. St. Stephens.
Fart Clarke, fort, IlUnois, onthe W. side of IlU
nois river, Lat, 40° 40' N,
Fort Cotihgton, p-t Franklin co, N, Y, on St
La'wrence river, at the raouth of Salraon creek,
236 ra, N, Albany, The village of French mills
stsinds on the creek, at the head of navigation.
Fort Cr^^ford. See Prairie du Chien.
Fart Crevecoeur, fort, ou the coast of Florida,
Lon, 85° Sff W, Lat 29° 51' N,
Fort Culonge, fort. Lower Canada, on the Ot-
tawariver, 170 m. 'Vf. Montreal, ^
FortDauphin, fort, on the S. E, coast of Mada
gascar. Lon. 47° E. Lat 25° S.
Fort Dearborn, railitary post of the U. S. on the
S. side of Chicago river, 4 a mile frora its en
france into lake Michigan, 20 ra. from the S. end
of the lake, 220 from Fort Howard. Lat. 41°
S3' 11" N. It ia on a tract of land, 6 mUea square,
relinquished by the Pbttaiyattaray Indiana to the
U. S,' Beaides the garrison and other persons in the
eraploy raent ofthe Government, there are here a
few families ofFrench, intermarried with Indians.
Fort Drfiarice, fort, Williama co, Ohio, at the
junction of the Auglaize and Maumee riveri, 50
m, S, W. Fort Meigs, 16 N, Fort Brown.
Fort Defiance, p-v, Wilkes co, N. C,
Fort Dummer. See Hinsdale.
Fort Edward, prV, in Argyle, Washington co.
N. Y. on the Hudson, near the great bend, 16 m.
from- lake George, 22 from lake Champlain, 50
m.N. Albany. It is the depot for the lumber
which is rafted down the river. The New York
Northern canal from lake Champlain, opens into
the Hudson at this place, through a lock. — The
fort is now demolished. In the Araerican wars, it
was an important military station, controlling the
communication between the Hudson, lake Cham
plain, and lake George. '
Fort Erie. See Eric.
Fort Ferree, fort, Ohio, on Sandusky river, 40
m, S. Fort Stephenson,
Fort de Fuentes, fort, Italy, at the point where
the Adda enters the lake of Corao.
Fort Gaines, fort, Geo. on the E. side of Chata
hoochee river, between lat. 31° and 32° N.
Fort George, fort, ScoUand, in Inverness, on the
S. aide of Moray frith, 12 m. N, E, Inverness, 165
N, Edinburgh, Lat 57° 32' N.
Fort George, v. and fort, in Newark, Lincoln
CO, Up, Canada, on Niagara river, 4 a mile from
its mouth. The village contained, before the late
'war, a council-house, court-house, and jail, and
i churches. The bank of the river, at the site of
the fort, is 34 feet higli.
Fort George, v. in CaldweU, Warren co, N, Y,
at the S, end of lake George, 59 m. N. Albany,
The ruina of the 'old fort are still to be aeen. It
was built of atone, . aud stood near Fort Wil
liam-Henry, Fort Gratiot, military post, Michigan territory,
on St. Clair river, which defends the enfrance
into lake Hiiron, It stands a little below the

FOR
mouth of the lake, Oppoaite the fort, and for a
raile below, there is a strong current in the river.
Fort Harmar. See Marietta.
Fort Harrison, p-t and cap. SuUivan co. In
diana, on the E, aide of the Wabash, 66 m, above
Vincennes, Fort Hawkins, p-t, Jones cO, Geo. on the E.
side of Oakmulgee river, 30 m, W, Milledge-
ville. Fort Howard, a mUitary post of the U, S, in
Green bay aetUement, Michigan Territory, at the
mouth of Fox river, 184 m. S, W. Mackinaw, 220
N. Chicago, 386 by Fox and Ouiscousin rivers to
Prairie du Chien. The present fort is on a low
sandy spot, on the N. side of Fox river, 4 a mile
from ita mouth ; but a new atone fort is now con
structing, on a beautiful rising ground, on the S.'
aide of the river, 3 mUea above the old fort. The
number of the garrison is 600.
Fort Indepe'ndence, fort, on Castie island, in
Boston harbor.
Fart Jackson, p-t. Monroe co. Alabama, in the
forks of the Coosa and TaUapoosa rivers.
Fort James, fort, Geo, on the W. side of the
Alatamaha- Fort Jefferson, v. Dark co, Ohio, 5 m, S, Green
ville, Fort Jennings, fort, Ohio, 18 m, S. Fort A-
raanda. Fort Knox, fort, Indiana, on White river.
Fart Lawrence, fort, Geo. on the W. side of
Flint river, 31 ra. S. W. Fort Hawkins.
Fort Ligonier, fort, Pa. 50 m. E. Pittsburg.
Fort Laramie, fort, Ohio, on the head waters of
the Great Miami.
Fort Louis, or Fort Vauban, an important bar
rier fortress in the N. E. part of France, on an
island formed by the Rhine, 12 m. E. Haguenau,
18 N. N. E. Strasburg.
Fort Macarthur, fort, Logan co. Ohio, 24 ra. N,
Urbanna, Fort Mackintosh, fort. Pa, on the Ohio, 25 m, N.
W. Pittsburgh.
Fort Maiden. See Amherstburg.
Fort Massac, fort, Randolph co. IlUnois, on the
Ohio, 38 m. fr, the Mississippi.
Fort Meigs, p-t. Wood co. Ohio, on the S. E.
bank of the Maumee, a few miles from its mouth,
70 m. S. Detroit, 36 N. W. Fort Stephenson, In
1813, the British aud Indians laid siege to this
fort, but were obliged to abandon it.
Fort Miller, p-v. in Argyle, Washington co, N,
Y. on the Hudson.
Fort Mitchell. See Coweta.
Fort Montgomery, p-t, Clarke co, Alabama, 12
m, E, N. E. Fort Stoddert,
Fart Moose, fort, at the S. extremity of James
bay, in Hudson's bay, at the raouth of Mooae
river. Fort Pickering, fort, Tennessee, on the Missia
aippi, at Chickasaw bluff,
Foi-t Portage, fort. Upper Canada, on the Otta
wa river, 120 m, W, Monfreal,
Foi-l Portage, Ohio, 18 m, S. Fort Meigs,
Fort Recovery, Ohio, on a branch of the Wa
bash, 23 m, N. GreenviUe,
Fort Royal, s-p, on the S, coast of Martmico
island, Lon, 61° W. Lat 14° 34' N, Pop, about
10,000, Fort Royal, fort, on the W, coast of Martmico
island,' ' '
Fort St. Clair, Preble co. Ohio, | of a mile fr.
Eatoni

F O S
jR»'/ St. David, t. Hind, on the coast ofthe Car
natic, the emporium of the counfry for fine dimi
ties and printed cottona, 15 ra, S, S, W, Pondi
cherry, 100 S, S, W, Madras, Lon, 79° 57' E.
Lat, 11° 46' N,
Fort St. George. See Madras.
Fort St. Juan, fort. New .Mexico, in New Leon,
onthe del Norte, Lon, 101° W, Lat, ,29° N,
Fort St. Julian^ fort, Portugal, on the N, side of
the Tagus, 9 m, below Lisbon,
. Fort St. Mary, AUen co, Ohio, on St Mary's
river, 12 m, S, Fort Amanda,
Fort St. Mary's, fort, Louisiana, on the E, side
of the Missiaaippi, 6 ra, S, E, New Orleans,
Fort St. Philip, p-t, and fort Placquemine co, .
Louisiana, on the E, side of the Missiaaippi, at the
Placquemine bend, 30 ra, above the Balize,
Fort St. Stephens, See Si. Stephens.
Fort Seneca, Seneca co, Ohio, on Sandusky
river, 18 m, fr, its mouth.
Fort Stanwix. See Rome.
, Fort Stephenson, fort, Ohio, on the W, side of
Sandusky river, 18 m, fr. its mouth.
Fart Stoddert, p-t, and cap, Baldwin co, Alaba
ma, on the W, side of Mobile river, at the head of
sloop narigation, 44 ra, above ita mouth. The set
tiements around it are nuraerous and wealthy.
Fort Strothcr, Alabama, on the W. side of Coo
sa river, 60 m, above Fort Williams, 107 above
Fort Jackson,
Fart Victoria. See Bancot.
Fort Wayne, Indiana, at the junction of St,
Mary's river with the Maumee, opposite the
mouth of St. Josephs.
Fort William., fort, Scotland, iu Inverness, at
the E, exfremity of Loch Linnhe ; now disman
tied. 39 m, N, W, Tyndrura, 128 N, W, Edin
burgh, Fort WiUiam. See Calcutta.
Fort WiUiams, Alabama, on the E, side of the
Coosa, 57 ra, above the junction of the Talla
poosa. Fortescue Bay, in the straits of Magellan, Lon,
73° 22' W, Lat 53° 39' S,
Fortessa, isl, in the gulf of Venice, Lon, 14°
48' S, Lat 44° 4ff N,
Forleventura, or Fuerteventura, one of the Ca
nary islands, 50 miles, long, and 24 broad. It con
taina large sandy plains, aimilar to those in the
neighbouring part of the African continent. In
thoae spots which are weU watered, vegetation is
moat luxuriant,and com is produced in abundance.
Pop, about 9,000. lon, 14° W, Lat, 28° S,
Forth, r. Scotiand, and the largest in Great
Britain, -rises in the N, W, part of Stirlingshire,
and runa into the German ocean, by a broad
mouth, caUed the Frith of Forth, about 20 ra. be
low Edinburgh, The tide flowa up between 70
and 80 milea, and it ia connected by a navigable
canal with the Clyde,
Fortified Island, isl, in the E, Indian sea, off the
coast of Canara. Lon, 74° 27' E, Lat 14° 16' N,
Fortrose, t Scotiand, in Ross co, on the N. side
of the Moray frith, 10 ra, N, E, Inverness, 167 N,
Edinburgh, Lon, 4° 5' W, Lat, 57° 34' N,
Fortune, bay, in the S, W, part of Newfound
land, .,Forza, La, t. Sicily, 3 ra, S, Messina,
Fas diNovo, t. Sardinian states, 66 m, E. S, E,
Genoa, Fossa Nuova, v. Italy, on the ruins of the an
cient Appii Forum, 2 mj S, Piperao,
Fossano, t. Piedmont, on the Stura, an4 on a

FOU

263

canal which unites that river with the Po, Pop,
14,000, 10 m, N,E, Coni, 25 S, Turin,
Fossato, t, Italy, 55 ra, W. Ancona,
Fosse ou Mortier, lake of France, 11 m, from
Mezieres, Fosses, t. Netherlands, 7 m. S. W, Namur.
Fossombrone, (an. Forum Sempronii,) t, Italy,
in Urbino, 110 m, N, Rome, Pop, 3,500,
Foster, p-t. Providence co, R. 1. 15 m- W. Prov^
idence. Pop, 2,613, It is watered by several
streams, aud has numerous sites for mills and man
ufactories. Fostersferry, p-v. Sussex co. N. J, ,
Folheringay, v, Eng. in Northamptonshire, on
the Nen, 10 ra. fr. Staraford.
Folheringay, p-v. Montgomery co. Va.
Fovcault, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Canada,
on Misisque bay.
Fougeray, t France, 21 m. N, E. Redon, Pop.
4,200, Fougeres, t. France, on the Couesnow, 26 m, S.
E. Avranches, 28 N, E, Rennes, Pop. 7,300.
Faugerolks, t France, in Mayenne, 17 m. N
W. Mayenne.
Fouin, territory, W. Africa, N. of Ardrah.
Foul Bay, on the S, coast of Java, Lon, 113°
45' E. Lat 8° Sff S,
Foulkstown, p-t. Columbiana co, Ohio,
Foul Point, cape, on the N, coast of New Guin
ea, Lon. 132° 36' E, Lat. 0° 4ff S,
Foula, one of the Shetland islands, suppoaed ta
be the Ultima Thule of the ancienta, 16 ra, from
Mainland. Lat 60° ff N.
Foulahs, a race of negroes, very widely diffused
throughout W, Africa. Their raost powerful
kingdora is Foota JaUo, south of the Ganibia ; they
possess also Fooladoo, near the aourcea of the
Senegal; Bondou and Foota Torra, between Uie
Senegal and Gambia; the kingdom of the Seratic,
on the lower part ofthe Senegal ; Maaina, on tho
Niger, between Bambarra and Tombuctoo ; and
Wasaela, S, of the upper part of the Niger, Be
sides these kingdoms, in which they hold the en
tire sovereignty, detached districts of all thekingn
doms in this part of Africa, are occupied by Fou
lahs, who pay to the sovereign a rent or tax for
the use of the land. The Foulahs are of a grace
ful aud manly forra, and of a 'peculiarly polished
and insinuating air. They ?re Mahometans, but
do not observe the rules of that religion with
strictness. The employment ia chiafly paaturage.
They are celebrated for the mildneaa and gentle
ness of their demeanour ; so that in many parts of
Africa, it is considered infamous to injure a Four
lah, 'They'are hospitable, humane, and iudus-
trioua, Foulis, Wester, V. Scotland, in Perthahire,
Foulness, isl, Eng, on the coast of Essex, 5 m,
from Rochfort,
Faulsham, v. Eng, 11 ra, N. Dereham.
Foulweather, Cape, cape, N. W. coaat of Araer
ica. Lon, 236° 4' W. Lat. 44° 49' N.
Fouras, t. France,'near the raouth of the Cha
rente, 11 ra. S, la RocheUe.
Fourche a Cado, t. Arkansaw Territory, on a
branch of Wachitta river. It contains about 76
families. Here is a saline, from which the settle
ments south of Arkansaw river are auppUed with
aalt Faurcomers, p-v. Lincoln co, Maine,
Fourcorners, p-v, Oswego co, N, Y, 14 ra, from
Rotterdam,

264

FOX

Fourcroy's /s/anrf, small ial, offthe S, W. coast
ef New Holland, Lon, 137° E, Lat, 36° 26' S,
Foure, or Fore, v, Ireland, in Westmeath, 40
m, N. W, Dublin.
Fourmentieres, t. France, in Mayenne, 3 m, N,
E, Chateau Gontier,
Fourmile branch, p-v, Barnwell co, S, C,
Founds, cluster of islands in the Archipelago,
between Samoa and Nicaria,
Foumoyer, fief, Devon co. Lower Canada, on
flie S, side of the St, Lawrence, 32 m, E, Quebec,
Fourque, t, Macedon, 9 m, N, Cassandra, 56 S.
3, 1, Saloniki,
Fousserat, t. France, in Upp^r Garonne, 6 m,
W, Rieux, 27 S, W, Toulouae,
Fowey, a-p, Eng, in Cornwall, on the W, bank of
the Fowey, The harbor is spacioua and aecure.
Pop, 1,319, 22 ra, E, N, E, Truro, 59 S, W, Ex
eter, 239 W, 6. W, London,
Fowey, or Foway, r, Eng. in Cornwall, which
rises about 4 miles S, E. Caraelford, and rans into
the English channel, a little below the town of
Fowey, Fowler, t. St, Lawrence co. N, Y.
Fowler, t, TrumbuU co. Ohio, 10 ra. N. E.
Warren, Fowler's Bay, bay, on the S. coast of New Hol
land, in lon. 132° 27' E, lat, 32° 1' S,
Foxborough, p-t, Norfolk co. Mass, 15 ro, S, W.
Dedham, 26 S, S, W. Boston, Pop, 870,
F'ax, Cape, cape, on the N, W, coast of Araer-
iea. Lat 54° 46' N,
Fox creek, r, N, Y, which runs into Schoharie
creek, at Schoharie,
Foxcroft, t Penobscot co, Maine, 35 m, N, W,
Bangor, Fox islands, 2 islands in lake Michigan, 57 m.
S, W, Mackinaw.
Fox Islands. See Aleutian Islands.
Fox. Islands, small islands on the S. side of the
gulf of St Lawrence, Lon, 69° 10' W, Lat
51° N,
Fox River, r. Canada, which runs into the gulf
of St, Lawrence, 9 m, N, N. W, Cape Rosieres,
Fox river, Illinois, See Dupage.
Fox river, Illinois, falls into the Wabash, 15 m,
above its mouth.
Fox river, a large river, which falls into the S,
W, end of Green Bfiy, in Michigan Territory.
It is one of the best routes of communication be
tween the Lakes and the river Mississippi, From
the mouth of the river, for about 20 miles, there
are some obstructions in the navigation, but boats
surmount these, and ascend to the portage, 180
miles. The portage between Fox and Ouisconsiu
rivers is 1} miles, over a level prairie, which is
sometimes inundated, and passed in boats. Fox
river, in its course, expands into many large
lakes ; see Wirinebago. In sorae of these lakes,
and in raany parts of the channel of the river,
wild rice abounds. Several villages of the Win
nebago Indiana are acattered along the banka of
the river. Devil's river entera Fox river, at the
bottora of Ox lake, about 50 railea below the port
age, Aa soon as the Indian approaches, in his ca
noe, within sight of this river, he drops his paddle
and commences speaking till he is oppoaite the en
trance, when he atrews the water with tobacco,
leathers, and painted hair ; then chaunta a hymn,
and resumes bia voyage. The mouth of the river
ia 400 yards wide, and 3 fathoms deep. Here ia
a fort, (see Fort Howard ;) and a settlement of
whites, (see Green Bay.) The N, fork of Fox

F R A
river, and also the du Loup, one of jts northem
branches, are aaid to be connected by short porta
ges, with the rivers of lake Superior,
Foxford, t Ireland, inMayo, on the Moy, 12 m.
fr. Castiebar,
Foyers. See Fyers.
Foyk, r, Ireland, which, after passing London
derry, expands into a fine spacious bay caUed
Lough Fc^le.
Faz, t Portugal, in Alentejo, at the conflux of
the Zatas and the Tagus, 24 ra, N, E, Lisbon,
Fraga, t. Spain, iu Arragon, on the Cinca, 63
. m, E, S, E. Saragossa, 30 S, Balbastro,
Fragola, t Italy, 7 ra, N. N, E, Naples, Pop.
12,700, Frails, rocks, on the S, coast of Ireland, 12 m,
S, W, Camsore point Lon, 6° 34' W, Lat
52° ffN,
Framingham, p-t Middlesex co. Mass, 22 m, W,
S, W.Boston. Pop, 1,670,
Framlingham, t, Eng, in Suffolk, 18 m, N. E.
Ipswich, Framptan, t. Dorchester and Hertford counties.
Lower Canada, on Chaudiere river, 40 m, S,
Quebec, „ij
Francaise, La, t France, in Tam-and-Garomi^
11 m, N, by W, Montauban,
FrancoviUa, tNaples, in Otranto, 15 m, E, N, E,
Tarento, 20 W. Brindisi, Pop, 1 1,000.
FrancoviUa, t Sicily, 12 m. W, N, W, Taor-
mina, France, country, Europe, bounded N. W, by.
the EngUsh channel; N, E, by the Netherlands;
E, by Germany and S'witzerland ; S, E. by Italy ;;
S, by the Mediterranean and Spain; and W, by;
the bay of Biscay, It Ues between 43° aud 51° t
N. lat, and is particularly fortunate in its frontier,
having strong natural barriers in the Pyrenees,
the Alps, the ridge of Jura, and the Voages ; it is
open only on the side of the Netherlands. Its,
length, from E. to W. ia 660 miles ; ita breadth,
from N, to S. about 660; ita superficial extent
about 200,000 sq. miles, or 128,000,000 acres.
Before the revolution, France 'was divided into
32 provinces. Different provinces had different
rates of taxation, and cuatom-houaes were erect
ed along the frontier roada, as if they had beei^
distinct governments. AU theae are now done,
away, local privileges are abrc^ted, taxes equal
ized, and the whole country divided into depart
ments, with similar rights and privileges. Each
department is divided into arrondiaaements, each
arrondiaaement into cantons, and each canton into
communes. , The number of departments (inclu
ding Corsica) is 86, of arrondissements, 368, of
cantons, 2,669, of communes, 38,990. The for
eign poaaeasions of France are, in the W. Indies,
Martinique, Guadaloupe, and Cayenne ; in Afri
ca, Goree, and the factories at the mouth of the
Senegal ; in the Indian ocean, the isle of Bourbon ;
on the mainland of India, Pondicherry and some
araaller factories.
In regard to cUraate and soil, France, though
on the whole a favoured country, laboura under
many inequalities. The principal productions in
the north are wheat, barley, oats, pulse, and pota
toes ; in the south, com, particularly maize, also
vinea, mulberries, and olives. The annual pro
duce of the iron minea ia computed at 200,000
tona a year. Coal minea are not wanting, but the
common fuel ia wood, Notwithatanding the wan
and civil troubles of the revolution, the popula
tion has been in a state of progressive increase :

Tra
in 1789, France contained 26,300,000 inhab
itants; in 1805,27,700,000; and in 1817, above
29,000,000, The constitution of France, since 1814, resem
bles in its forms that of Britain, the king being a
limited monarch, and infallible in the eye of the
law, the responsibility for public measures resting
With his ministers. The royal title ia king of
France and Navarre ; and femalea are stiU exclu
ded from the succession to the crown. The
French cabinet consiats of the keeper ofthe seals,
the ministers of foreign affairs, of finance, of po-
Uce, of war, of the navy and colonies, of the
home departraent, and the head ofthe king's
households The royal prerogative is nearly the
sarae as in England ; but in France, the king ex
clusively has the right of bringing in biUs in par
liament. The chamber of peers comprises above
200 members, who possess privileges similar to
those of the peerage in England; thefr number is
unUniited ; the grant of tities is vested in the
king ; the dignity hereditary. No clerical digni
taries have seats in the legislature. The house of
commons, or chamber of deputies, are elected by
the people : tiie number returned may in some
measure be altered at the wUl of the king ; at
present it is only 256. The only qualification for
a voter is the payment of 12/, of annual-taxes,
Fora deputy, the requisites are, that he shaU be
of the age of 40, and pay taxes to the amount of
40/, a year. One-fifth of the chamber of depu
ties is re-elected annuaUy, the whole being thus
changed in five years. There is considerable
freedom of the press in France, with the excep
tion of the newspapers, which are subjected
to the previous inapection of govemment offi
cers. The French funds have risen very considerably
since 1815, though they are stiU greatly below
the price of stocka in Engl-and and HoUand. The
national debt amounts, after completing the con
tributions to the allies, to nearly 200 miUiona
SterUng, The annual expenditure is 29,354,000/. ;
of which sum 11,600,000 are on account of the
national debt, 7,000,000 for the army, and
2,000,000 for the navy,  The revenue ia
30,380,000/.; ofwhich about 10,000,000 arises
from a tax on houses and lands, 7,000,000 from a
tax on sales of lands and houses, and only
1,600,000 from customs. — The following compu
tation of the rent of land and houses in France,
is founded on an official report raade to the French
government in 1817. France contains, excluaive
of Coraica, 128,172,992 Engliah acres. Of these,
the following are liable to taxation :

F R A

265

Rents.

Arable land.
Land in, underwood.
Meadow land.
Pasture land, -
Vineyards, -
Land in orchards,
Forest land.

Eng. acres.
ss^soo^doo 12,656,790 8,612,3458,703,703
4,881,481 836,419
1,135,800

Rents.

L,a4,007,640 2,938,520 7,390,400 1,81,2,800
3,442,5601,071,480 201,520

Total rent of land, - L. 40,864,920
The remainder is either wholly uncultivated, or
60 little productive as not to be subject lo taxation.
Buildings liable ta taxation. Rents.
Dwelling-houses, small
and great, - - 5,431,000 L,20,207,720
MUls, - - 7C,000 738,000

Buildings liable to taxation.
Manufacturing establish
ments, - - 35,000 300,360
Churches and other build
ings not liable to taxa
tion, . - 58,000
The French army, which under Bonaparte was
in peace above 400,(X)0, and in War nearly 600,000
effective men, is now on a very different footing :
raany of the old soldiers perished in the diaaatrous
yearaof 1812, 1813, 1814, and 1815; othera re
ceived their discharge, in consequence of their
attachment to their late commander; and consid
erable difficulty haa been experienced in carrying
the army to a peace establishment of 120,000
men. The total military force, legions, guarda,
and artillery, is about 90,000 men. The navy
consists of about 40 ships of the line, and 40 fri
gates, Brest and Toulon are the great naval
porta, but Rochefort is likewise a station of conse
quence, as is also Cherburg, since the immense
expenditure on its basins and docka.
The inhabitants of Francs are Catholics, with
• the exception of from two to three millions of
Proteatants, and about 60,000 Jews. Before the
revolution, there were 18 archbishops, and 112
bishops: these were subseqnentiy reduced to 9
archbishops, and 41 bishops. It ia now in contem
plation to increase Uieir number. — Before the
revolution, there were in Franoe, 23 universities.
The present plan of education embraces a regular
gradation of achoola, from universities down to
primary schools. 'The following is the return
raade in 1815, of the public seminaries and nura
ber of pupils throughout France :
Seminaries. ' Pupils.
Universities, - - 26 6,329
Lyc^es, or royal colleges, - 36 9,000
Secondary schools, - - 360 28,000
Divinity schools of the 2d class, 41 5,233
.Boarding schools, - - 1,255 39,623
Primary schools, - - 22,300 737,379
Literary associations sCre very numerous in
France : at the head of these stands the institute
at Paris, dividedsince 1816 into 4 academies.
The chief commercial harbora of France are
Bourdeaux, Maraeilles; Nantes, Havre de Grace,
St Maloes, and L'Orient, MarseiUes trades
partly with the V/est Indies, more with the Le
vant ; Bourdeaux with the East and W^st Indies,
and with the north of Europe, to a great extent in
wine, Nantes has also a share of the colonial and
wine tradej Havre is the seaport of Paris, The
other ports are inconsiderable. — In manufactures,
the French have long been noted for the dura
bility -and fineness of their woollens : linen is also
a staple article, particularly in the north of
France. In hardware they are greatly deficient ;
but in silk they support, particularly at Lyons,
their former reputatioii. The cotton manufac
tures are of late introduction, and maintain with
difficulty a competition with England. There is
very little paper money in France ; almost all bu
siness being transacted by gold and silver,
' France, Isle of, before the revolution, aprovince
of France. It coraprised Paris, and is now divi
ded into the departments ofthe Aisno, Oise, Seine,
Seine-and-Oise, and Seine-and-Marne.
France, Isle of. See Mauritius.
Frances, or Port Francis, harbour, Ven«zuc1-,i,
near Cape Coders.

34

268

F R A

F R A

Franeestoum, p-t, Hillsborough co, N, H, on
Contoocook river, 12 m, N, W, Amherst, 20 S,
W, Concord, Pop, 1,451,
Franche Comte, or Upper Burgundy, before the
revolution, a province, of France, adjacent to
Switzerland. It now forms the three departments
of the Doubs, Jura, and Upper Saone. Its capital
was Besancon. •
FroTichimanl, t Netherlands, 13 m. S. E. Liege.
Francis, t St Genevieve co. Miasouri,
Francis, Point, cape on the N, W, coast of A-
merica, Lat 48° 44' N,
Franciseo Rio,)a.rge r, BrazU, which rises' in
Minas Geraes.atfd after a course of about SOOmiles,
falls into the Atlantic in lat 6° 55' S. forming the
boundary between theprovinces of Bahia and Per
nambuco. Francois, t. Wayne co. Missouri.
Francois, Odpe, the N. point of Kerguelen's land.
Francois, Cape, t on the N, coast of the island
of Hispaniola. It ia at the edge of a large, plain,
60 miles long and 12 broad. The port is one of
the raostaecure and convenient in the whole ialand.
It waa the last town retained by the French in the ,
island, and surrendered to the blacks in 1803,
It haa been since caUed Cape Henry, Lon, 72°
Iff W.Latl9°4ffN.
Franconia, one ofthe 10 circles into which the
German empire was formerly divided, containii^
11,000 square miles, and 1,500,000 inhabitants.
It is now divided between Bavaria, Wirtemberg,
Baden, the house of Hesse, and the house <rf Saxe.
Nuremberg is the centre of ita raanufacturea and
jts principal city.
Franconia, p-t Grafton co, N, H, 14 ra. N. E.
Haverhill, Pop, 348, There are two manufac
turea of iron in the N, W, part of this town, on a
branch of the Ammonoosuck river. The New-
Hampshire Jron-Factory Company waa incorpo
rated in 1805, and is composed principally of Bos
ton aud Salem gentlemen. Their establishment
is very extensive, consisting of a blast furnace, an •
air furnace, a steel fUmace, a forge and a trip
hammer shop. About 12 or 15 tons of iron are
made in a week. The ore is obtained from a
mountain about 3 milea from the furnace, and ia
eouaidered the richest in the United States ; and
the mine is said to be inexhaustible. There is
alao a large bed of coal belonging to the company
within. a short distauce of the works. The other
factory belonging to the HaverhiU and Franconia
Company is not ao extensive.
Franconia, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop, 656.
Francourvilk, t. France, 10 m. N. Paris,
Franeker, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, Pop,
3,900, It has an Athenaeum, or academy for the
education of youth, 9 m, W. Leeuwarden, 5 E.
Harlingen. Frardcenberg, t. Saxony, on the Zschopau, 7 m.
N, N, E. Chemnitz, 9 W. Freyberg, Lou. 12°
59' E, Lat. 50° 50' N, Pop, 3,000,
Frankerfberg, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Eder, 35
m, S. W, Cassel.
Frankenhausen, t. Germany, in Schwartzburg-
Rudolstadt, 26 m, N, Erfurt, Lon, 11° IffE.
Lat 61° Iff Bf.
Frankenstein, t Silesia, on the Bautza, 9 m, W,
Munsterburg. Lon, 16° 42' E. Lat, 51° 25' N,
Ppp. 4,150,
Frankenthal, t. Bavarian provinceof the Rhine,
12 m, N. W, Heitlelberg, Pop, 3,500.
Frankford, t. Sussex co. N. J, bordering on
Newtown. Pop, 1,637.

Frankford, p-t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on a smalS
creek, wliich runs into the Delaware, 14 miles
below ; 6 m, N. E. Philadelphia. Pop, 1,233, It
contains 2 chifcches^ 1 Episcopal and 1 Lutheran.
The Society of Friends have established 'in this
town their Asylum for the Insane, and have erec
ted a spacious and commodious building.
Frankford, p-t. Hampshire co. Va. on a creek
which runs into the Potomac, 13 m. N. W. Rom
ney, 4 S. ofthe Potomac.
Frankfort an the Maine, a large city of Germa
ny, and now the permanent seat of the Germanie
diet, is on both aides of the Maine, 20 m. above ita
influx into the Rhine. Pop. 41,500, of whom
about 9,000 are Jews. The CathoUca have here
9 churchea, the Lutherans 7, the Calrinists,2.
The Jews Uved formerly in a quarter blocked up
at one end and regularly shut at night, but since
1796 they are at liberty to Uve in other parts of
the town. Frankfort is the scat of an extensive
printing business ; but its .great distinction is its
commercial activity, aided by the uavigaticHi of
the Rhine and Maine, as well aa by the 2great fairs
held bere annuaUy in springand autumn. Frank
fort has long been a free city. Its constitution ia a
mixture of democracy and aristocracy, affording
a perfect equality to the different denominations
of Christians. Tbe town possesses an adjacent
territory of 110 aquare miles, with a population of
48,000 ; its yearly revenue is 80,000/. sterling.
20 m. E. N. E. Mentz, 50 S. E. Cedegne. Lon:.8°
36' E, Lat 50° T N.
Frankfort oa the Oder, t. Prussia, cap. of the
Middle Mark of Brandenburg, Pop. 1^000. It
has a university, and three annual faira, 12 m. S.
S. W, Custrin, 48 E. Beriin, Lon. 14° 33' E-
Lat 52°22N. .
Frankfort, p-t, Hancock co, Maine, on the W.
aide of Penobscot river, at the headof winter nav
igation, 26 m. N. Castine, 12 S. Bangor, Pop.1,493.
Frankfort, t. Herkimer co. N. Y, on Mohawk
river, Pc^. 1,304.
Franftfor/, p-t Franklin cot Ken. and cap. ofthe
State, is regularly laid out on the E. side of Ken
tucky river, 60 miles above its confluence with
the Ohio, 22m. W. N.W. Lexington, 61 E.Louis
ville, 102 S. S. W. Cincinnati", hon. 84° 40' W.
Lat. 38° 15' N. It contains a state-house, 86
feet by 64 ; a court-house, a penitentiary, con
taining from 70 to 100 convicts ; a jail, a bank, an
academy, a market-house, a theatre, . 3 printing
offices, 2 churches, and several rc^e-walks, and
other manufactories.
The site of the town is a semicircular allnrial
plain, from 150 to 200 feet lower Uian the table
land in its rear. The river is here about 80 yards
wide, and after heavy rains, frequenUy rises 60
feet. Opposite Frankfort, and connected with it
by a bridge, is South Frankfort, which i? rapidly
increasing. Steam-boats of 300 tons come up Uie
river as fjigp as Uiis place, when the -water is high,
and most of the foreign goods consumed in Ken
tucky are landed here, or at LouisviUe, Pop. in
1810, 1,099 ; in 1819, estimated at more Uian
2,000, Frankfort, t Guernsey co, Ohio, 15 m. E. Cam
bridge, Frankland's Islands, off tile N, E, coast of New
HoUand, Lat, 17° 12' S,
Franklin, co. Vt. on Lake Champlain,* bounded
N, by Canada, E, by Orleans oo, S. by Chittenden
CO. and W, by Lake Charaplain, Fop, 16,427.
Chieftown, St. Albans.

F R A
FrarMin, co. Mass, on both sides of Connecticut
river, bounded N, by Vermont and New-Hamp-
shfre, E, by Worcester co, S. by Hampshire co,
and W. by Berkshire co. Pop, 27,201. Chief
town, Greenfield.
FranMin, t Norfolk oo. Mass. 8 m. S. W. Ded-
ham, 26 S. W. Boston. ¦ Pop. 1,398.
Franklin, p-t New-London co. Ct, on the W.
side of the Shetucket, adjoining Norwich. Pop.
1,161. Franklin, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Canada, E.
by CUnton and Essex coa. S. by Essex and Ham-.
Uton COS. W. by St Lawrence co. Pop. 2,719.
Chieftown, Malone.
Franklia, p-t Delaware co. N. Y. on the Sus
quehannah, N. of Delhi, adjoining. Pop, 1,708,
Franklin, t. Soraerset co, N. Y. Pop. 2,539,
Franklin, t Bergen co. N. J. Pop. 2,839.
Franklin, co. Pa. bounded N. by Cumberland
CO. E. by Adams co. S. by Maryland, and W. by
Bedford and Mitflin cos. Pop. 23,083. Chief
town, Chambersburg,
Fmn4/in, t FrankUn CO. Pa. Pop. 1,78 J.
FrankUn, p-t and cap. Venango, co. Pa, at the
junction of French creek with the Alleghany, 25
m. S. E, Meadville, 70 N, Pittsburg, Pop, 159,
Franklin, t. Adams co, Pa-
Franklin, t. York co. Pa, Pop, 706,
Franklin, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pbp. 571.
Franklin, t Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 1,623.
Franklin, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,943.
Franklin college. See Lancaster, Pa.
Franklin, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop. 1,642.
Franklin, co, Va. inclosed by Bedford, Pittsyl
vania, Henry, Patrick, Montgomery, and Bote
tourt counties. Pop. 10,724. Slaves, 2,672.
Chief town. Rocky IMount
Franklin, p-t. Pendleton co. Va.ontheS. branch
ofthe Potomac, 40 ra. S. W. Moorfields.
Franklin, t. Russel co. Va.
Franklin, co, N, C, inclosed by Greenville,
Johnston, Warren, Wake, and Orange counties.
Pop, 10,166, Slaves, 6,330, Chief town, Lew
isburg, Franklin, co, Geo, in the Western diafrict, bouur
ded N. E. by Tuguloo river, which aeparates it
from S. CaroUna, N. W, by the Cherokee line,
S, W, by Jackaon co, and S, E, by Elbert co. Pop.
10,815.' Slavea, 1,659. Chief town, Cames
ville. Franklin, co. Alabama, on the S. side of
Tenneaaee river. At the court-house is a post-
office, FrarMin, co, Mississippi, on Homoohito river.
Pop, in 1816, 2,708, Slaves, 1,013.
« FrankUn, t. St Mary's parish, Louisiana, 150
m, from NewOrleans. i
Franklin, p-t, Attakapaa co, Louisiana,
Franklin, co. West Tennessee. Pop, 6,730.
Slaves, 709, Cluef town, Winchester,
. Franklin, p-t and cap. WilUamson co,Ten, 17
m, S, NashviUe,
Franfc/in, CO. Ken, Pop, 8,013, Slaves, 1,201.
Chief town, Frankfort.
Franklin, t. Simpson co. Ken.
FranMin, co. Ohio, on the Scioto. Pop. in
1819, 9,350. Chieftown, Columbus.
' Franklin, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on Scioto river,
7 m. W. Columbus. Pop. in 1819, 905. ,
' Franklin, p-t. Warren co. Ohio, on Miami
river, 10m, N, W> Lebanon, 34. N, by E. Cin
cinnati,

F R iE

26t

: FrankUn, t. Portage co, Ohio, 6 ra, W,lRavenna
Bop,.230, Frcfnklin, t, Jackiou co, Ohio,
Franklin, t Rosa co, Ohio> on Scioto river, 8 m.
S, ChilUcothe. Pop, in 1819, 325.
Franklin, t. Stark co, Ohio, Pop. in 1819,
350. '^
Franklin, co. Indiana, on White river, border
ing on Ohio. Pop. iu 1815, 7,970. Chieftown,
BrookviUe. Franklin, oo. Illinoia, between Gallatin and
Jackson counties. Pop, in 1818, 604.
FrankUn, co. Missouri.
Franklin, p-t. and cap, Howard co. Missouri, on
the N. aide of Missouri river, 160 m, above St.
Louis, It contains 150 houses,
Franklin creek. See Twin creek.
Franklinton, p-t. and cap. Franklin co. Ohio, on
the W. bank of the Scioto, 1 m, W, Columbus.
It contains a court-house and jail, and about 70
dwelUng-houses, -Franfa, t Huntingdon CO, Pa, Pop. 1,114,
Fronkstadi, t. Mdravia, 4 ra, S. Freyberg,
Frankiown, p-v, Northampton coi Va.
Franquemont, t. Switzerland, in Berne, on the
Doubs, 16 m, N, Neufchatel.
Franzburg, t. Pomerania, 14 m. S, S, W. StraU
aund. Lon, 12° Sff E, Lat 54° 10' N. Pop,
soo, Fraresau, v. Missouri, on the ro'Ad between Sti
Charles and St. Louis, inhabited by French pee*
pie, Frascati, t. Ecclesiastical state, in Carapagna di
Roraa, near the ancient Tusculum. It is the see
of a biahop, 10 m. S- E, Rome. Lon, 12° 41*
E, Lat 41° 4ff N. Pop. 9,000,
Frasersburgli, 3-p. Scotland, in Aberdeen co.
17 ra. N. Peterhead, 149 N, Edinburgh, Pop.
1,000, FrOiSnes, v. Netherlands, N, Vf. of Fleurus.
Fratelli, 2 small islands in the Mediterranean.
Lon, 26° .22' E. Lat 35° 45' N,
FrottO) t, Italy, in the Popedora, 32 m, S, Ur
bino. Frotia, La,t. Venetian territory, onthe Scorta,
6 m. S, W, Rovigo. Pop, 6,300,
Fratta Maggiore, t. Neapolitan territory, near
the capital. Pop. 8,600.
Fra-ubrunnen, t. Switzerland, 7 m. N. Berne.
Frallenberg, t. Bohemia, 6 ra. S. W. Hayd.
Frauenburg, t. E. Pruasia, oh the Frische Haff,
16 m, N, E, Elbii^, Lon, 19° 4ff E. Lat 54°
21' N,
Frauenfdd, t Switzerland, capital of Thurgau,
14 m, S, \V? Constance, 20 N, E, Zurich,
Frauenstein, t. Saxony, 17. ra, S. S, E, Dresden.
Frauenwortfi. See C/w'em, Lake of.
Froustadt, t Prussian atatea, in the grand duchy
of Poaen, 20 to. N. E. Glogau, 70 N. N, W, Bres
lau, Pop. 6,600,
Freckenhorst, V, Prussian WestphaUa, 20 m. E.
Muhster. Frederic Henry's Bay, bay on the W, coast of
Bruny's island, Lat 43° 10' S,
Frederiba, p-t, Kent co, Del. at the forks of
MotherkiU, a branch of Delaware river, 7 m, from
MiUbrd, 12 E, Dover.
Frederica, p-t, St, Simon's island, Glynn co»
Geo, See St. Simon's island.
Fredericia, t. Denmark, in Jutland, on the Lit
tle Belt, with a cUstom-houae, where aU Vessels
passing the Belt pay a toll, 5 m, N, Middlefarth.
Lon, 9° 44' E. Lati 65° 35' N. Ppp,, 3,600.

263

F R E

Frederick, N. Y, See Kent. '
Frederick, t. Montgoraery co, Pa, Pop, 828,
Frederick, co, Md, bounded N, by Pennsylvania,
E, by Baltimore and Montgomery cos, S, W. by
the Potomac, and N, W,by Washington co. Pop;
34,437, Slaves, 5,171, Chief town, Frederick-
town. Frederick, t. Cecil co, Md, on the Sassafras, op-
opposite Georgetown, 19 ra, N, E. Chestertown.
Frederick, co. Va. inclosed by Jefferson, Berk
ley, Harapahire, Shenandoah counties, and She
nandoah river, which separates it frora Faquier
CO. Pop. 22,674. Slaves, 6,417. Chief town,
Winchester. Frederick Hendrick, fort, Netherlanda, on the
Scheldt, 14m. N.W. Antwerp.
Frederick House, a trading station in Upper
Canada, near the head waters of Ottawa river.
Lon, 82° W, Lat 48° 30' N,
Fredericksburg, t Lenox co. Up, Canada, on the
bay of Quinte, W, of fernestown.
Fredericksburg, p-t, Spotsylvania co. Va. and
one of the most flourishing commercial towns in
the State, is regularly laid out, on the S, W. bank
of Rappahannock river, 110 miles from its mouth,
57 m. S, W, Washington city, 66 N. Richmond,
Lon, 77° 33' W, Lat. 38° 18' N, It contains a
court-house, jail, academy, 2 banks, and 4 housf s
of public worship. It is advantageously situated
for trade, near the head of navigation on the Rap
pahannock, in the midst of a fertile and well cul
tivated country, Vessela of 130 or 140 tons, as
cend as far as this place, and large qusmtitiea of
corn, flour, tobacco, and other produce, are
brought from the surrounding counfry for export
ation. The annual value ofthe exports has been
estimated at $4,000,000. It has rapidly increased
wiUiin a few years. Pop. in 1812, 2,600, and in
1817, 3,255.
Fredericksburg, p-t Gallatin co. Ken.
Fredericksburg, t. Washington co. Indiana, on
Big blue river, 20 m. N. W. Corydon.
Frederickshall, t. Norway, on the frontier of
Sweden, in the imraediate vicinity of the ateep
and almost impregnable fortreas of Fredericksteen.
52 mi S. S. E. Christiana. Lon. 11° S'E. Lat 59°
4'N. Pop. 3,900.
- Fredericksholm. See Christiansand.
Frederickstadt, t. Denmark, at the confluence of
the Treen and Eyder, 18 m. W. S. W. Sles-wick,
Lon, 9° 1 1' E. Lat. 54° 2ff N.
Frederickstadt, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, at the
mouth of the Glommen, 43 ra, S. Christiana. Lon.
11° I'E. Lat.y69°2'N,
Frederieksund, s-p, Denmark, in the island of
Zealand, \9 ra. N, 'VV. Copenhagen.
Frederickswerk, s-p. Denraark, in a bay on the
N. coast of Zealand.
Frederickton, formerly St. Anne, t York co. and
capital of New-Brunswick, at the head of sloop
navigation, on St John's river, 80 miles from its
mouth. Pop. 600. It is situated on a pl-ain, and is
regularly laiU out in spacious streets, crossing each
other at right angles. The public buildings are a
market-house, a Metiiodist chapel, a Baptist
meeting-house, and an elegant province-hall, for
the accommodation of the General Assembly and
the courts of justice, ¦
Fredericktown^ p-t. Waahington co. Pa,
Fredericktown, p-t. Frederick co. Md.
Frederkktawn, p-t. Knox co, Ohio, 7 m, N,
Mount Vernon, 40 N, E, Columbus,
FrtdericHown, p-t and capi Frederick co, Md,

F R E
on a branch of Monoeasy creekj 43 m, N, N, W,
Washington, M W. Baltimore, Lat 39° 24' Ns
It is regularly laid out, and contains au elegant
court-house, a jail, bank, brick market-house,
acaderay, and 7 houses of pubUo worship. Pop.
about b,000i It is a very flourishing town, and
has considerable trade with the back counfry.
Fredonia, formerly Canadaway, p-v. in Pom-
fret, Chataugue co. N. Y. on Canadaway
creek, 4 miles frora its mouth-. The viUage it
buUt on each side of the creek. The road from
Buffalo to Erie, passes through it., and rendera ita
great thoroughfare. It is 46 ra, from Buffalo,aiid
46 from Erie, A newspaper is pubUshed here.
Freedom, p-t Kennebec co. Maine, 28 m. N. E.
Augusta. Pop, 354.
Freedom, p-t Baltimore co. Md,
Freehold. See Durham, N. Y.
Freehold, or Monmouth, p-t and cap. Monmouth
CO. N. J. 15 m. W. Shrewsbury, 20 S. E. New-
Brunswick. Pop. 4,784. Here is an academy.
In this town was fought the battie of Monmouth,
June 28th, 1778,
Freehold, Upper, t. Monmouth co, (N, J,) W,of
Freehold. Pop. 3,843.
Freeman, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 38 m. N. W,
Norridgewock, Pop, 237.
Freeport, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine, at the
head of Casco bay, 20 ra. N. E. Portland, 134 N,
by E, Boaton, Pop. 2,184.
Freeport, p-t Armsfrong co. Pa.
Freeport, p-t. Harrison co. Ohio.
Freeren, t Prussian WestphaUa, 28 m. N. W.
Osnabruck. Lon. 6°31' 16"E. Lat 52° 29' 33" N.
Freetown, the principal settiement in the Brit
ish colony of Sieira Leone, in West Africa. It is
on Uie S. side of Sierra Leone river, near its mouth,
and contained in 1818, exclusive of the miUtary,
4,430 inhabitants, of which number 88 were En-
ropeans. See Sierra Leone.
Freetown, p-t Bristol co. Mass. on the E. side of
Taunton river, 9 m. S, E. Taunton, 40 S, Boston,
Pop. 1,878,
Freewill Islands, three small islanda in the E.
Indian ocean, called by the natives Pegan, Onata,
and OneUa, Lon, 137° 51' E. Lat 0° Sff S.
Fregak, v. Piedmont, near Alessandria,
Frehel, Cape, cape on the N, coast, of France,
12 m, W, St Malo, Lon, 2° 18' 36'' W. Lat 48°
41'10''N. Freisingen. See Freysingen,
Frqus, t France, on the Argens. Here Bona
parte lauded on his celebrated return from Elba
in 1816. 30 m. S, W, Nice, 40 N, E, Touloi.
Lon, 6° 44' 28" E, Lat 43° 25' 52" N, Pop,
2,200, Frcmona, the remains of a convent, in Abyaain
ia, 50 m, N. E, Sire.
Frenay, t France, in Sarthe, 9 ra, N, W, Ma-
mers, Lon. 0° ff E, Lat 48° 17' N,
Fretich broad rircr, one of the sources of
Tennessee river. It risea in S. CaroUna, and
crossing Uie weatem part of N, Carolina, enters
Tennessee through a breach in Uie moimtain, and
joins the Holston, 11 railes above Knox-rille, 25
miles from its mouth it receives the Nolachucky,
and 6 niUes above. Big Pigeon river. It is nariga-
ble for boats nearly the whole of its course in Ten'
nessee. About 30 miles from its mouth is a large
medicinal Warm Spring,
French creek, r. Chester co. Pa, which flows into
the SchuyUdU, , , ,
French creeki r. Pa, which runs into the AUegha*

F R E

F R I

269

iy, BO m, N, by E, Pittsburg, It was the usual
French route from Quebec to the Ohio, See
Boeuf, Le.
French crede, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop. 183,
French cretk, t, Venango co. Pa, Pop, 419,
'FVencAman't bay, bay in the coast of Lincoln co,
Maine,' lying between Mount Desert Island and
the "peninsula of Goldsborough, Lon, 68° W,
Lat 44° 20' N, It communicatea with Blue-hiU
bay. Shipping in 1816, 6,812 tona,
French mUlsi See Fort Covington.
French river, r. in Upper Canada, which risea
in Lake Nepiaing, and after a course of 76 miles,
enters Lake Huron, in lat, 46° 63' N, It has a
communication with the Otta'wa river by short
portages, French, or Stony river, r. which rises in Mas-
sachuaetts, and joins the Quinebaug iu Thomp
son, Ct,
Frenchton, p-v. Dui'widdie co. Va.
Frenchtoum,. landing, Cecil co. Md. on the E.
side of Elk river, 1 m. S. Elkton.
iiVenc/i/ott'n,p-t Monroe co. Michigan Ten-itory.
FVench village, v. lUinoia, 5 m. E. St. Louisi
Frejieuse,lake, New-Brunswick, through which
St. John's river passes.
Fresco, Capo del, cape on the W. coast of Sar
dinia. Lon. 8° 2ff E. Lat 39° 45' N.
Frescati. See Frascati.
Freshford, t. Ireland, 7 m. S. W. Kilkenny.
Freshwater, r. Wales, which runs into the sea,
6 m. S. E. Pembroke haven. Lat. 51° 42' N,
Fresnay, t. France, on the Sarthe, 22 ra. N. by
W. 1,0 Mans.
Fresneda, La, t Spain, in Arragon, 12 m. S, S,
E. Alcaniz.
FremiUo, t Mexico, 30 m, N, W. Zacatecas,
Lon. 101° 6ff W. Lat 23° 22' N.
Fresnoy, Baye de, bay on the N. coast of France,
Lon, 2° 1' W, Lat 48° Sff N.
Freswick, i. Scotland, which runs into the sea
near Wick.
Fretteval, t, France, on the Loire, 6 m, N. E.
Veudome. Freudenberg, t. Pruaaian territoriea ofthe Low
er Rhine, 9 m. W. N, W. Siegen.
Freudenstttdt, t Wirtemberg, in the Black For
est, 24 m. E. S, E. Strasburg.
Fteudenthal, t Austrian Silesia, 17 m.W, Trop
pau. Lon, 17° 21' E. Lat 49° 50' N,
Freyberg, a celebrated mining town of Saxony,
the capital of the Erzgebirg, The mine officers
here have the superintendance of all similar es
tablishments throughout the kingdom. A mining
academy was founded in 1765, and has been made
iUustrioua by the namea of Werner, Charpentier,
Lampe, and others. There are attached to it a
Ubrary, a cabinet of minerals, and a collection of
models. The whole of the neighbouring diatrict
is fuU of mines of copper, tin, silvlr, and lead,
Thoae inastateof activity amount to 250, employ
ing about 6000 workmen. 18 m. S. S. W. Meis
sen, 19 W. S. W, Dresden, Pop. 8,737.
Freyberg, or Prsibor, t. Moravia, 36 ra. E.
Olmutz. Lon. 18° 16' E. Lat 49° 34' N. Pop.
3,500. »
Fra/burg, or Friburg, t. Baden, at the foot of a
mountain, at the entrance of the Black Forest,
34 m, S, S, E, Strasburg, 30 N. N, E, Bale, Lou,
7° 54' E, Lat 48° 2' N, Pop. 7,916. U is the
seat ofa univeraitjr, which has 300atudent3.
Freyburg, t Silesia, 7 m. W. Schweidnitz. Lon.
160 16'E. Lat 51° 14' N.

Freyburg, t. Prusaian states, in Thuringia, 16
m.S. Halle.
Freye Aemter, a district of Switzerland, on
the W. side ofthe Reuss, formerly divided between
aeveral cantons, now united to the canton of Aar
gau. Pop. 20,000.
Freyenstadt, t Bavaria, 20 ra. S. E, Nuremberg,
31 N, W, Ratisbon, Lon, 11° 15' E, Lat, 49°
9' N.
Freyenwald, t Middle Mark of Brandenburg,
on the Oder, 32 m, N, E, Berlin, Lon. 14° 10'
E, Lat 52° 49' 31" N,
Freysingen, t. Bavaria, once the capital of an
independent bishopric, on the Iser, 17 ra, N, N-
E, Munich, Pop, 3,500. ,
Freystadt, t Silesia, in Glogau, 24 ra. W,N, W.
Gross Glogau. Lon. 15° 31' 45" E. Lat 51° 52'
16" N.
Freystadt, t. Upper Austria, Ithas a great trade
in salt with Bohemia, IS ra. N, Enns, 82 W. Vi
enna, Lon. 14° 25' E. Lat 48° 30' N.
Frias, t Spain, in Old Castile, 20 m, N, N. E.
Burgos, Fribourg, a canton of Switzerland, between the
canton of Berne, and the Pays de Vaud, Extent
2,836 aquare mUes, Pop. 68,000. Fribourg, the
capital, ia on the Sane, in a singularly wild and
romantic poaition, part being built ou the auramit
of rugged rocka, and part in a plain. 16 m. S. W.
Berne, 27 N. E. Lausanne. Lon. 7° 9' E. Lat.
46°4ffN. Pop. 6,500.
Fribus, t. Bohemia, in Elnbogen, 9 ra. W. Jo-
achimsthal. Fricentii t. Naples, 12 m. N.W. Conza,- 18 S. E,
Benevento. Lon. 15° 2' E. Lat. 40° 59' N.
Frickthal, district of Switzerland, in the canton
of Aargau, on the S. side of the Rhine, extending
from Augst to Botabcrg. Pop. 20,000.
Friedberg, t Bavaria, 4 ra. S. E. Augsburg, 28
W. N. W. Munich. Pop. 3,200.
Friedberg, t. Prussian states, 25 ra. S. E. Gor^
litz. Lon. 15° 27' E, Lat 50° 62' N,
Friedberg, t. Austrian Silesia, 45 m. N, W,
Troppau, Lon, 16° 16' E, Lat 50° 6' N,
fVie'dburg, t, Hanover, in Breraen, on the Elbe,
37 m, N,W, Haraburg,
Friedeberg, t. New Mark of Brandenburg, Pop,
2,350, 45 ra. N. E, Frankfort-on-the-Oder, Lon.
15°4ff E.Lat52°5ffN,
Friedeberg, Hohen, t. Silesia, 6 m, S, W, Strie-
gau. Friedek, t, Austrian Silesia, 10 m, S, W, Tesch
en. Pop, 2,300. Lon, 18° 28' E, Lat 49° 62' N,
Friederidc's Fiord, bay, W, Greenland, Lon,
48° 2ff W,T.at, 62° 12' N,
Friedland, t, E, Prussia, in the circle of Konigs
berg, on- the Alle, famous for the battle gained by
Bonaparte over the Russians and Prussians, on
the 14th of June, 1807, which led to the peace of
TUsit The loss of the aUiea was 20,000 men.
Lon, 21° I'E, Lat 54° 2ffN. —
Friedland, (Morkish,) t. grand duchy of Poaen,
Lon. 17° 5' 56^' E, Lat. 53°"2ff 18" N,
Fnedland, t. Mecklenburg, 14 m. N. E. New
Brandenburg, Lon, 13° SO' E. Lat 53° 39' N.
Friedkmd, t. Upper Silesia, 20 m. S, W. Oppeln,
Lon, 17° Sff E, Lat 50° 25' N.
Friedlingen, t. Baden, near the Rhine, between
Huningen and Basle,
Friedricksfelde, v. Middle Markof Brandenberg,
4 ra, frora Berlin,
Frkdricksham,'X. Russia, in Finland, on a pen-
iristila in the gulf of Finland, The harbour is

270

F R I

F U C

at Rotschenaalm, at the raouth of the Kymmena,
about 10 ra. below the town. It is naturally
strong, is well fortified, and is the station of part of
the Russian fleet S3 m, W, by S. Wyborg, 108
W. S. W, Petersburg, Lon, 28° Iff E, Lat 60°
3ffN, Friedricksort, fort, Denmark, in Holstein, at the
entranceof the Kieler-Wyk, 6 m. N, by E,Kiel,
Friedricksrade, t. Upper Saxony, 9 ra. S. Go
tha, Friedricks-sund, t Denmark, in Zealand, 28 m,
N, Wi Copenhagen,
Friederickstlml, t. Saxony, .40 m, N, Dresden,
Lon, 13° 61' E, Lat 31° 31' N,
Friendly Cove, harbour in Nootka Sound, on the
N, W, coaat of Araerica,
Friendly Islands, a group of islands in the Pacify
ic ocean, conaiating of raore than 150, The fol
lowing are the moat important : Tonga, Tonga-
taboo or Amsterdam, Eooa, Annamooka or Rot
terdam, the Hapaee ialands, Maorga or Howe's
ialands, and the Feejee islanda. The island of
Tongataboo bears an unrivalled sovereignty over
the whole group, Feejee not excepted, — Yams,
plantains, and cocoa-nuts are the principal pro
ductions cultivated by the natives, — In the de
scriptions of thoae navigators who first visited the
Friendly islands, the natives were represented
as poaaeaaing many social qualities, and much
gentleness , of character. But the accounts of
subsequent visitors have shewn them capable
of the greatest exceaaea of cruelty and revenge,
Lon. 184° 46' to 185° 45' E. Lat 19° 4ff to 21°
30' S.
Friendship, t, Lincoln co, Maine, 30 m. E. Wia-
casset. Pop, 480,
Friendship, t Alleghany co, (N, Y,) Sl W, of
AngeUca, Friendship, p-t Anne-Arundel co, Md, 78 m,
fr, Washington,
Friesach, t. Lower Carinthia, on the Metnitz, 6
m, N. E, Gurk,
Friesland, a name which in former ages com
prised all the counfry from the Scheldt to the We-
sfer, including not only the seven united provin
cea, but a part of Germany, At preaent the narae
is ap^ied to two distinct territories, called East
and West Friesland, one in Germany, the other
in Netherlands, and separated from each other by
the province of Groningen, — West Friesland is a
province of the Netherlanda, having the Zuyder
Zee on the W, and the German ocean on the N,
It containa nearly 1200 sq, miles, and 176,500 in
habitants. Like the rest of the Netherlanda, it is
secured against the sea by large dykes. The land
is much fitter for ppisture than tillage, — The Ger
man principality, called East Friesland, forras the
N, W, part of the kingdora of Hanover, Its ex
tent is 1,155 sq, raUes, Pop, 120,000, Towards
the sea it is low and swarapy, but secured frora
inundation by large dykes. It formerly belonged
to Prussia, but in 1814 was ceded to Hanover,
Fringy Bazar, t. Bengal, diatrict of Dacca, on
the DuUaaery, Lon, 90° 23' E, Lat, 23° 33' N,
Frio, cape, on the coast of Rio Janeiro,, in Bra
zil, Lon. 41° 36' W, Lat, 23° 3' S,
Frische Haf See Haf.
Frisehhausen, t, E, Prussia, on the aea coast, 22
m, W. Konigsberg.
Frisehling, i. Prussia, which runs into the
Frische Haf;
Frilslar, disfrict, Hesse-Cassel, partly in Low

er, partiy in Upper Hesse, Sq, miles, 137, Pop.
in 1812, 15,328, chiefly CathoUcs, Fritzlar, the
capital, ia on the Edder, 13 m, S, S, W, Cassel.
Lon. 9° 13' E. Lat 50° ff N.
Friuli, formerly an extensive provinceof Italy,
bounded N. by Carinthia, and S. by the gulf of
Venice. It was divided into Auatrian and Vene
tian. The former containing 2,500 aq, milea, and
about 120,000 inhabitanta ; and Trieate was the
chief town. Venetian Friuli contained 370,000
inhabitants. Austrian FriuU now constitutea the
circle of Goritz in the kingdom of Illyria ; and
Venetian Friuli, the legation of Udina in the
Lombardy part of the Auatrian dominions.
Frobisher's Straits, narrow sea, which Ues N, of
Cape Farewell in Weat Greenland. Lon. 42°
W. Lat 63° N.
Frodingham, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 12 m. N,
Beverley. Frodsham, tEng. in Cheshire, nearthe conflu
ence of the Weaver and the Mersey, 10 m. N. E.
Cheater. Frog-'s Point, or JVecfc, in West Cheater co, N.Y,
on the coast of Long Island sound, 9 m, from Har-
laem Heighta,
Frome, r. Eng, in Dorset, which passes Dor
chester, and flows into the sea, below Wareham ;
another river of thia name, joins the Avon at
Bristol ; another runs into the Severn near Berk
ley, in Glouceaterahire,
Frame, t Eng, in Somerset co, on the Frome.
It has long been celebrated for the manufacture of
broad cloths and keraeymerea from Engliah and
and Spanish -wool, averaging 600,000 yards annu
aUy, Pop. in 1817, 10,133, 13 m, S. Batii.
Fromentieres. See Fourmentieres.
Franteira, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 14 m, N.
Estremos. Frontera, San Juan de la, t S. America, on the
frontier, between ChUi and the province of Cuyo,
94 m. N. by E. Mendoza. Lon. 68° 36' W. Lat
31° 17' S.
Frontignan, t. France, famoua for the wine cal
led Frontignac, 12 m. S. S. W. MontpeUer. Lon.
3° 45' Iff' E. Lat. 43° 2ff 42" N.
Frontinac, co. Up. Canada, on lake Ontario.
Frontinac, fort. See Kingston, Up. Canada.
Fronton, t. France, 18 m. N. Toulouae.
Frantroyal, p-v. Frederick co. Va.
Fronsac, t France, 25 m. N. E. Bourdeaux.
Froward, Cape, the S. point of the continent of
America, in the straits of MageUan. Lon. 17°
Sff W. Lat 64° 3'S.
Frozen Ocean, Arctic Ocean, or Icy Sea, lies be
tween the northem coasts of Europe and Asia,
and the North Pole. It is almost entirely fiUed
with ice.
Fruitstown, p-t Lycoming co. Pa.
FrMsinonc, t Italy, 56 m. E. by S. Rome.
Frutingenf t Swisa canton of Beme, with a
casUe, 17 m. S. Thun.
Fryebutg, p-t Oxford co. Maine, on Saco river,
60 m. N. W. Portland, 120 N, by E, Boaton, Lon,
70° 47' Sff' W, Lat 42° 2' N, Pop, 1,004, It
contains an academy,
Fryingpan Shoals, a dangerous ahoal, off the
coast of N. C, at the entrance of Cape Fear river,
6 m. fr. Cape Fear pitch, 24 S, E, by S, Baldhead
light-house, Lon. 76° W, Lat, 33° 32' N,
FVysoyta, t Prusaian states, 64 m, N. Munster.
Lon,"7o 4ff E, Lat, 62° 17' N,
Fuca, Sfraits tf St. Juan de, an inlet on the N<

FUN

FUR

271

W. coast of America, between Cape Flattery on
the S. in lat, 48° 20' N. and Quadra's isles onthe
N,inlat48°4ffN. Faeecchio, v. Tuacany, 22 m. W. Florence,
Fuego, Fogo, or St, Philips,, one of the Cape de
Verde islands, W, of St, Jago, It is chiefly re
markable for a. volcano, which vomits flames and
smoke almost continually ; and huge rocks- are
soraetimes thrown into tile air. Lon. 24° 20' W.
Lat 15° ff N.
Fuego Terra deL See Terra del Fuego.
Fuente Guinaldo, t. Spain, in Salanianca, 16 m.
N.W. Coria. ^
Fuente de la Figuera, t. Spain, in Valencia, 56
m. S. E. Valencia. Lon. 4° 4' W. Lat 38°
55', N.
Fuente de la Piedra, t. Spain, in Grenada, 6 m.
fr. Antequera.
Fuente Rabia. See Fontarabia,
Fuentes, fort, Lombardy, where the Adda'^falls
into the lake of Corao, 30 m. N, E. Como, Lon,
9° 24' 59" E, Lat 46° ff 29" N,
Fuentes, t Spain, ia Arragon, on the Ebro, 20
m, S, S, E, Saragossa,
Fuentes d' Onore, t Spain, 13 ra, W. Ciudad
Rodrigo, Fuerbach, v. Baden, 18 m, S. Friburg.
Fuerte Rio, r,. Mexico, in Sonora, which runs
into the gulf of CaUfornia,
Fuessen, t. Bavarian statea, on the Lech, 47 m,
S, Augsburg. Lon, 70° 43' E, Lat, 47° 34' N,
Fugitiva, smaU ial, in the Pacific, Lon, 151°
5ffW. Latl4°2ffS,
FvhrfeU, UBaiien, 4m, S,'W. Wimpfen,
FuUa, formerly a bishopric of Germany, con
taining 81,000 inhabitants. In 1802, it was se
cularized. In 1814, it was divided, a district con
taining 27,000 inhabitants being given to Saxe-
Weimar, and the rest to Pruaaia, Prussia has
aubaequently ceded her portion to Hesse-Cassel,
and the latter govemment haa given it the title of
the grand duchy of Fulda, with a constitution
different from tiiat of the other Hessian statea,
FiddOft. Hesae-Caasel, cap, of the grand duchy
of Fulda, and the see of a bishop, on the river
Fulda, 43 m, E, Wetzlar, 63 E, N, E, Mentz,
Lon, 9° 44' E, Lat 50° 34' N, Pop, 7,500,
Fulda, r, Germany, , which joins the Werra
near Munden, to form the Weser,
Fulhom, V. Eng. in Middlesex, on the Thames,
4 m. fr, London, Pop. 5,903.
Fullerlon, Point, cape, on the W, coast of An
tigua, Lou, 61° 35' W, Lat 17°, 13' N, It is
also the name of a cape in Hudson's bay, Lon,
88°2ffW; Lat 64° IffN,
FuUingmills, p-v. Kent co, R, I,
Fullmoon Shoal, shoal off cape Hatteras, N, C,
having 10 or 12 feet at low water,
Fulneck, t. Moravia, 21 m- N. E. Prerau. Lon.
17° 5ff E. Lat 49° 37' N. Pop, 3,060, ,
Fulta, t. Bengal, on the E, bank of the Hoogly,
25 m, below Calcutta, Lon, 88'' 20' E, Lat 2^
19' N,
Fulton, p-v. Sumpter co, S. C,
Fumay, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Meuse,
}1 m, N, E. Rocroi.
Fumel, t, France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 3 m- N,
Tournois, Fumone, t, Italy, 4 m, N, W, Alatri,
Funchal, s-p, and cap, ofthe island of Madeira,
in the centre of a large bay. The trade consists
ahnost entirely [irt exporting wine. It ia chiefly
carried on by Engliah merchants, who reside

h ere ingreat numbers, and form the most opulent
claaa of the inhabitanta, Lon. 17° 6' 16" W, Lat
32° 37' 40" N,
Fundi, t. Naples, in Lavoro, 42 m, N, W, Na
plea, Fundy, Bay of, N, America, between Nora
Scotia and New Brunswick, It runa up from S.
¦yy, to N, E, about 200 milea, and approaches with
in 20 miles of the gulf of St, Lawrence, Near
its head, it dividea into two long narrow arms, the
northern called Chignecto channel, and the south
ern, the basin of Mines, In Chignecto channel,
the tides rise 60 leet,
Funen, a Danish isl, in the Baltic, separated,
from Jutland by the narrow passage called the
Little Belt, 35 miles long, and 30 broad. Extent
1,200 sq, miles. Pop, 130,000, It is fertUe, and
produces barley, oats, buckwheat, rye, and veget
ables in abundance, r
Funfkirdien, or Pete, t Hungary^ between tho
Drave and the Danube, 140 m. W, N. W, Bel
grade, 175 S. S, E. Vienna, Lon, 18° 45' E, Lat.
46° 5'N. Pop. 11,600.
Funk, small isl. inthe Atiantic, near the N. E.
coast of Newfoundland. Lon. 52° 15' W. Lat.
50° N.
Funkstown, p-t. Washington co. Md.
Fuorli, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 21 m. S. S.
E. Sulmona.
Furca, mt. Switz. 14,000 feet high, in the N. E,
corner ofthe cantoUjOf the Valais.
Fumeaux Island, ial. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
143° 16' W. Lat 17° 6' S.
Fumeaux Islands, in Baas strait, between New
Holland and Van Diemen's land. '
Fumes, t. Netherlanda, in Weat Flanders, 15 m.
S. W. Ostend, 20 N. N. W. Ypres. Lon. 2° 29'
51" E. Lat 61° 4' 23" N. Pop. 3,200.
Furruckabad, disfrict. Hind, in Agra, between
the Ganges and Jurana, and between 2'7° and 28"
N. lat. It ia under the dominion of the Britiah. —
Furruckabad, the capital, is a fortified town, about
a mile from the W. bank of the Ganges. It car
ries on an advantageous trade with Cashraeer and
other parts of India. , Lon. 79° 33' E. Lat 27»
33' N,
Furry's Town, t Jamaica, in St James co. 20
m. N. E. Savannah la Mer.
Furstinberg, formerly a district of Suabia, and
an independent principaUty, now belonging chief
ly to the grand duchy bf Baden, but partly to
Wirtemberg, and the house of Hohenzollern-Sig-
raaringen. The village of Furstenberg ia 14 m.
N. N. W. Schaff-hauaen.,
Furstenlkrg, t Prussian statea, on the Oder, 13
m. S, Frankfort Lon. 14° 48' E. Lat 52° 7' N.
Fmstenberg, t. Mecklenburg-Strelitz, on the
Havel, 10 m. S. E. StreUtz, 40 N. BerUn. Lon.
13° 14'E. Lat 53° IffN.
Furstenfeld, t. Austrian empire, 68 ra. S. Vien
na. Lon. 15° 37' E. Lat 47° 5' N.'
Furstenwald, t. Middle Mark of Brandenburg,,
on the Spree, 26 m. E. Berlin. Lon. 14° 8' E.
Lat 62° 22' N. Pop. 2,360.
Furth, t Bavaria, 4 ra. W. Nuremberg, be
tween the Rednitz and Pegnitz, which join a little
below the town. It is entirely a manufacturing
place. Pop. 13,000, of whom 2,700 are Jews,
Furth, t. Bavaria, 86 m, N, N, E. Munich.',
Lon, 12'? 42' E, Lat 49° 17' N,
Furuo, ial, in the gulf of Bothnia, Lon, 22° 24'
E, Lat, 65° 4ff N,

372

G A F

Furusund, ial, in the Baltic, belonging to Swe-
flen, Lon, 18° 45' E. Lat59°4ffN,
Fusagasuga, large r. New Grenada, which runa
into the Magdalena,
Fuscaldo, t. Naples, on the sea coast, 16 m, N,
W, Cosenza, i
Fme, r. Germany, which falls into the AUer be
low ZeU,
Fusignano, t Ecclesiastical States, lOra, W. N.
W, Ravenna, 28 S, E, Ferrara.
Fusina, t. Venetian territory, 4 m. W. Venice.
' Futtehpodr, t Hind, in Agra, 24 ra. fr. Agra.
Lon;77°¦34^E. Lat27° 5'N.
Futwa, t. Hind, in Bahar, at the junction of
the Pompon with the Ganges, 9 m.'S. Patna. Lon,
85°28'E, Lat 25° SO'N.

GAL
Fuur Landj isl, Denmark, in the Lymfiord gulf.
Lon. 9° 2' E. Lat 56° Sff N.
Fyen. See Funen.
Fyers, or Foyers, r. Scotiand, in Invemeas-shireJ
which falls into Lochness, It is noted for its falls,
one of 70, - and the other of 207 feet in perpen
dicular height
Fylingdale, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. from
Whitby. Fyne (Loch), lake, or arm of the sea, in the
county of Argyle, Scotland,
Fyzabad, city. Hind, in Oude, on the S. bank of
the Dewah, or Gogra. Lon. 82° Iff E. Lat. 26*
4ff N,

G.

Gaash, in Sac. Geog. a part of the hills caUed
Mount Ephraim,
Gabai%t, t France, in Landes, 20 m. W. Con-
dora, Lon. 0° 22' W. Lat. 43° 69' N.
Gabarous Bay, bay, on the E. ooast of the island
of feipe Breton. Lon. 60° W. Lat 46° 6ff N.
Gabbiana, t Piedraont, 17 m. W. N, W. Casal,
Gabel, or Gablana, t Bohemia, It is fortified,
and comraands an important pass into Upper Lu
satia, Pop, 1^950, 49 m, N, Prague, Lon, 14°
.54' E, Lat, 50° 44' N,
Gabes. i See Cabes.
Gabindo. See Cabenda.
Gabk End Foreland, cape, on the E. coast of
New Zealand, Lat, 38° 15' S.
Gabon, Rio, i. W, Africa, which flowa through
a country of the aarae name, between Benin and
Cape Lopez Gonsalvo, and falla into the Atlantic,
injat, 0° 2ff N.
Gabriel, harbor, onthe coast of Lapland, about
a league N. of Salensi, Lou, 36° 50' E, Lat 69°
26'N, Gadamis, t. N, Africa, surrounded by a terri
tory of the aarae name, S, W, from Tripoli, and
N, W, from Fezzan, and forma the channel by
which theae countriea communicate witii Tom
buctoo, The territory ia sai(l to contain 92 viUa
ges, Godara, in Sac, Geog, a city of Decapolia, and
the metropolis of Perea, situated on the W. side
of lake Tiberias, opposite the city of Tiberias,
Gcule, I', Eng. in Hertfordshire, falls into the
Coin, near Richmannaworth.
Gadebusch, t Mecklenburgh-Schwerin, 16 m.
W.N.W, Schwerin, Lon, 11° 14'E, Lat 53°
45' N,
Gttderslcben. See Gattersleben.
Gadou, country, W, Africa, having JaUonha-
doo S. Brooked Fooladoo N, and Konkodoo E,
Gaeta, a-p, Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, on a
peninaula in the gulf of Gaeta, It ia one of the
strongest places in the kingdom. It ia a bishop's
see, contains a cathedral, 9 churches, and nearly
15,000 inhabitants, 40 m, N, W, Naples, Lon,
13° 33' E, Lat, 41° 14' N,
Oafsa, t. in the S. part of Tunis, 140 m, S. S.
W, Tunis.

Gaga, sraaU isL in the Eastem seas, between
the ialsuids Waygiou and GUoIo. Lon. 126° 40
E, Lat 0° Iff S,
Gagelown, t Queens co. New Brunswick, on
the W, side of the river St John.
Gagne, fiefi Devon co. Lower Canada, onthe
S. aide of the St Lawrence, 33 m. E. Quebec. • -
Gaidranisi, (i. e. Asses Island,) smaU isL in the
Mediterranean, on the S. side of Candia. Lon.
26° 46' E. Lat 34° 4ff N.
Gaildorf, 1. Wirtembeig, 8 m. S-HaU, in Sua
bia, 31 E. N. E. Stutgard.
Gaillac, t France, in Upper Garonne, 21 m. S.
Toulouse. Gaillon, t France, in Eure, on the Seine, 25
m. S. E. Rouen. Lon. 1° Iff E. Lat 49° ff N,
Gaines, p-t Genesee co, N. Y, on lake Ontario,
30 m, W, Rochester, 18 N, Batavia.
Gaines, p-t, Boone co. Ken,
Gaines cross-roads, p-v. Culpeper co, Va,
Gainsborough, t, Eng. in Linccdnshire, It is on
the Trent, whach ia navigable to this place, for.
vessels of considerable burden. It isr connected
by canala with Yorkahfre, Derbyslnre,. and other
parts of the kingdom, and is a place rf considera
ble trade. Pop, 5,172, 18 m. N. W. Lincohi,
160 W, N, W. London, Lon. 0° 46' W, Lat 53° '
23' N, -"!
Gainsborougli, t Lincoln co. Up, Canada.
Gainsborough, p-v, Frederick co. Va.
Gainsville, t Genesee co. N. Y. 24 m. S. Bata
via. It contains a Presbirterian chureh.
Gaira, r. New Grenada, which falls into the
Atiantic ocean.
Gala Water, r. ScoUand, which falla mto the
Tweed, 14 m. below Galashiels.
Galapager, t. Spain, 6 ra. E. of the Escurial,
Galashiels, t Scotiand, on Uie Gala Water, 5
m, S, W, Melroae, 30 S. Edinburgh, Pop, 1,000,
Galosa, r, Naples, which fells into the gulf of
Tarento, Galata, t, Turkey, on the aite of the ancient
Chalcis. Galata, one of the suburbs of Constantinople.
See Constantinople.
Galatia, in Sac. Geog, part of the country now
called NatoUa, bounded N, by Papblagonia, S.by

GAL

GAL

273

Lycaonia, E, by Fontus and Cappadocia, and W,
by Phrygia and Bithynia, It waa remarkable for
the many coloniea of different nations, which act-
tied in it. Chief town, Ancyra,
Galotan, v. ScoUand, in Fifeshire, '
Galate, or Oalaes, t Turkey, in Moldavia, near
the confluence of the Pruth and the Danube, It
ia fortified, contains 5,000 inhabitants, and has a
good harbor, which admits large ships up to the
town. It is the centre of frade between Molda
via and Conatantinople. 64 m. W. laraail, 120
S. S. W. Bender, Lon, 28° 24' E, Lat 45° 24' N,
Gale, r. Ireland, which rises in Kerry, and
uniting with the Feal, forms the Cashing.
Gakn, p-t Seneca co. N. Y. on the Erie canaL
It contains salt works,
Galera, the E, point of the island of Trinidad,
Lon, 60° Sff W. Lat 10° 45' N.
Galeron, t. Celebes, 15 m. fr. Macassar.
Go^om, t, France, in Gironde, 17 m, N. E,
Bourdeaux, Galicia, an extensive province of the Austrian
empire, formerly a part of Poland, bounded N,by
the kingdom of Poland, E, by Ruaaia, S. by Mol
davia, Transylvania, and Hungary, and W, by
Austrian SUesia, It lies between 18° 35' and 26°
60' E, lon, and 47° 50' and 50° 45' N, lat Ex
tent 32,521 sq, mUes, Pop. 3,760,000, including
the Bukowine. — The country consists of au im
mense plain. The climate is temperate, and the
soil fertile, producing com in abundauce. The
moat important mineral ia salt, which exists iu
almost every hill. Slavery has been abolished by
a late law of the Ausfrian government The re
ligion of the state is the CathoUc, but the Graeks
and Lutherans are nuraerous, and in 1817, there
were 422,000 Jews.— Galicia bears the title of
kingdom, and is governed by a viceroy, who re
sides at Lemberg. In 1817, a liberal constitution
waa publiahed, and a representative govemraent
established. GaUcia, prorince, in the N. W. of Spain,
bounded N. and W. by the Atiantic, S. by Portu
gal, and E, by the province of Asturias, Extent,
16,746 sq, railes. Pop, 1,400,000,
Goliesin. See Galitsch.
GaUlee, in Sac, Geog, a country, in the N, part
of Palestine, extending from the bordera of Syria
S. beyond lake Genneaareth; bounded N, by
Mount Libanus, E. by the Jordan, S. by Samaria,
and W, by the Mediterranean. It was divided
into Lower GaUlee, or Galilee of the Gentiles,
aud Upper Galilee. The GaUleans spoke a bar
barous dialect, differing 'widely from the language
of Jerusalem. They were rebellioua under the
Roman government. They were deapiaed by their
countrymen, the Jews, for their vices, and it was
a reproach to bear their name.
Galisano, Cape, cape on the N. coast of Spain,
.L6n, 30° 4ff W, Lat 43° 2ff N.
Galita, small isl. between Sardinia-and the coast
of Africa, 48 ra. N, W. Biaerta. Lon. 9° 5' E.
Lat37°5ffN. Galitsch, t Ruaaia, 70 m. E. N. E, of Koatroma,
Lon, 42° 4^ E, Lat, 69° 1 1' N, Pop, 3,200.
Qalitsh, t. Auatrian Galicia, on the Dniester,
formerly the capital ofthe country, 84-m. N. W.
Choczim, 70 S. E. Lemberg. Lon. 26° 6' E. Lat
49° Iff N.
Galla, a savage people of .Africa, who have oc
cupied all the territories S. of Abyssinia, and seiz
ed on some of the finect provinces of that country.

Gallam, t W. Africa, capital of the country of
Gallam or Kajaaga, on the Senegal. Lon. 10° Sff
W. Lat 14° 35' N.
Gallam, Country of. See Kajaaga.
Gallant, Part, bay in the straits of Magellan,
Lon. 73° 9' W. Lat. 53° 6ff S.
Oallopagos, or Gallipagos, islands in the Pacific
ocean, on each side of the equator, between lon.
89° 2' and 92° W. about 200 milea W. of Peru.
The largest is 65 miles long, and 45 broad.
Gallarato, t. Auatrian Italy, 31 ra. N. W. Milan.
Gallatin, t. Columbia co. N. Y. 19 ra, S. E.
Hudson. Pop. 2,471 . The Ancrara iron worla
in this town, are very extensive, and the iron ia
highly prized. The ore ia obtained from the
neighboring town of Salisbury, (Connecticut.)
GaUatin, p-t. and cap. Sumner co. W, Tennes
see, 27 m. N, E, NashriUe, Here is an Acaderay,
Gallatin, co. Ken, on the Ohio. Pop. 3,307.
Slaves, 688, Chieftown, Port WiUiam,
Gallatin, co, Ulinois, on the Wabaah, Pop. in
1818, 3,256, Chieftown, Shawaneetown,
Gallas. See Galla.
Gallatin's River, one of the three forks of the
Missouri, in N, America. It jdins the main
stream in lon, 110° 5' W, lat 46° 15' N.
Ga//e, a district of Ceylon, at the S. W, extrem
ity of the ialand. Its chieftown is Point de Galle.
The town is 76 m, S, of Columbo, is fortified, and
ranks next to Columbo in respect to trade. The
Wesleyan Methodists have several Missicfaaries
here, and more than 1,000 children under in
struction. GaUeechabad, t. Hind, in Allahabad, Lon, 82°
Sff E, Lat 25° 47' N,
Galkgo, r, Spain, which falls into the-Ebro near
Saragossa. Galkgas, r. Patagonia, which runs into the At
lantic, in lat 61° 38' S,
Gallese, t. and castle ofthe Popedora, on the site
ofthe ancient Fespenniura, 26 m. N, Rome,
Gallia, CO, Ohio, on Ohio river, opposite the
mouth of the Kenhaway, Pop, iu 1815, 6,000,
Chief town, GaUipolis,
Gallian, city. Hind, on the coaat, 32 ra, N, E, of
Bombay, Gallim, in Sac, Geog, city of the Benjamites, 4
m, N. Jerusalem,
GallipoU, city, Naples, in Terra d'Otranto, on
a peninsula, on the E, side ofthe gulf of Tarento,
It is a bishop's see, ia well built and fortified,
haa a conveijient harbor, and carries on consider
able trade in oil. 23 ra, W, Otranto, 224 E, by S.
Naples, Lon. 18° 28' E, Lat, 40° 21' N. Pop,
9,000. *
GaUipali, a-p. Eu. Turkey, on the N. aide ofthe
strait of GallipoU. It ia the see of a Greek biahop.
80 ra. S. Adrianople, 108 S. W. Constantinople.
Lon, 26° 37' E. Lat, 40° 25' N, Pop, 17,000.
GaUipolis, p-t. and cap, Gallia co, Ohio, on Ohio
river, 57 m, S, E. ChiUcothe, 102 fr, Colurabus.
Pop. in 1815, 700, It contains a court-house and
jail, and an academy. It was settled in 1790 by a
French colony,
Oallivant' s ferry, p-v, Kingaton co. S. C.
GaUo, Cape, cape, 9 ra, fr, Palerrao, Lon, 13°
2' E, Lat 38° 17' N,
Gallo, Cape, cape of the Morea, Lon, 21° 53'
E, Lat 36° 4ff N..
Gallo, Punta de, the S, W. point ofthe island of
Triaidad. Lon. 62° Iff W, Lat. 9° 4,i' N,

.3)5

274

G A N

GAR

Gallop Islands, small islanda in the river St Law
rence, Lon, 75° Iff W, Lat. 44° 55' N,
GaUoway, Mull af, cape, Scotland, at the E, en
france into Glenluce bay, Lon. 4° 56' W. Lat
54° Sff N,
Galloway, New, a royal borough of Scotland, in
Kirkcudbright, 26 m, W. Dumfriea, Pop, 500,
Galloway,, t. Glouceater co, N. J, Pop, 1,648,
Gallyhead, cape, on the S, coast of Ireland,
Lon, 8° 54' W. Lat, 61° 31' N,
Galope, or Gulpe, v. Netherlands, in Limburg,
11m. S, E, Maestricht
Galstan, y. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 22 m, S, by
W, Glasgow,
Galveston, a small island in the bay of St Ber
nard, on Uie coast of Texas, about 90 ra, W, of
the raouth of Sabine river. It waslately the re
sort of a band of pirates and smugglers, but the ea-
tablishment ia now broken up.
Galveston, v. Louiaiana, on the Iberville, 18 m,
JN, Donaldaonvillc, 25 S. E, Baton Rouge, Lon,
90° 60' W. Lat, 30° 20' N,
Galveston bay, in the Gulf of Mexico. Lon. 94°
Sff W, Lat 29° Sff N,
Gaboay, co, Ireland, bounded W. by the Atlan
tic, N, by Mayo, N, E. by Roscommon, E. by the
river Shannon, which separates it from King's
county and Tipperary, and S. by Clare and Gal
way bay. Pop, in 1798, 142,000, nearly all
Catholics, Galway, t. Ireland, and cap. of Galway county,
on a broad river, by which Lough Corrib flows into
the sea. The port is very commodious and safe,
but ao distant from the city that lighters are neces
sary to carry goods into the town. Pop, 15,000,
96 m. W, Dublin, Lon, 8° 6ff W, Lat 53° 16'N.
Galway, p-t, Saratoga co, N. Y, 8 m. W. Balla-
ton, 31 fr, Albany, Pop, 2,706.
Galway Boy, large bay on the weat coast of Ire
land, 20 miles long and 7 broad.i
Gambora, t Auatrian Italy, on the Brenta, 5 m.
W. Venice. Pop, 2,000, 'There is another towu
Of this name on the Naviglio, 18 m, S, Breacia.
Gambia, r. W. Africa, navigable to Barraconda,
about 400 milea frora ita mouth. It falls into the
sea in lat. 13° SO' N. lon. 16° SO' W. See Bathurst.
Gambler's Islands, in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
225° E. Lat, 23° 12' S.
Gambler's Isles, small ialands on the S, coast of
New Holland. The largest is in lon, 136° 29' E,
lat 35° 11' S,
Gambler, Point, cape, on the S, coast of Admi
ralty Island, Lon. 226° 26' E, Lat, 57° 23' N.
Gambina, r. Austrian Italy, which falls into the
Oglio. Gamble's station, fort, Tennessee, 12 ra. fr.
KnoxviUe. Gambran. See Gombroon.
Gamrie, pariah, Scotland, in Banff, on the Mo
ray frith. Gamrie Head is 6 m, E, IBanff, in lon,
2°2ffW,lat 57°3ffN,
Gamshurst, v. Baden, 12 m. E. N, E. Strasburg.
Gon, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 4 m. S.
Pau, 10 E. Oleron.
Gana, or Ghana, city. Central Africa, on the
Niger, cap. of a kingdom of the same name, 100 m.
S. E. of Casaina.
Gananoque, r. Up. Canada, which faUa into the
St. Lawrence, in Leeds,
Ganaraskee, r. Up. Canada, which runs into
Lake Ontario. From its mouth there is a portage
of 11 miles tci Rice Lake.

Gandersheim, t. Brunswick, in Wolfenbuttel,
33 m. S. W. Brunswick.
Gandia, t Spain, in Valencia, at the mouth of
the river Alcoy. It is the seat of an academy of
sciences. Pop, 6,300. 28 m. S. Valencia, 45 N.
N. E. AUcant. Lon. 0° 19' W. Lat. 39° ff N.
Gandicotta, district, Hind, between 14° and 15'
N. lat. The principal towns are Gandicott^^ Ta-
dimery, and Anantapooram. Gandicotta, or Wan-
dieatta, the capital, is ou the Pennar. Lon. 78''
29' E. Lat 14° 46' N.
Gandino, t. Lorabardy, 10 m. N. E. Bergamo.
Gandalfo. See Castel Gandolfo.
Gangapursaud, t. Bengal, on the Ganges. Lon.
87°S4'E.Lat26°12'N. Ganges, river, Asia, which by a recent survey,
made by order of the Britiah Indian government,
haa been found to rise on the S. side of the Himma-
laya mountains, between 31° and 32° N. lat and
78° and 79° E. lon. After runningforseveralhun-
dred miles in the raountainous region it escapes at
Hurdwar, and enters Hindostan. Running S. E. it
ia joined by the Jurana at Allahabad, and afterwards
receives the addition of five large, and an innumer
able number of amall rivers. At Sooty, in lat. 24°
26' it divides: the amaller stream taking the name
of Bhagirathi, passes by Calcutta, and disem
bogues at Sagor; the larger branch contin-
uea its tortuous course under the name rfPud-
dah, tiU joined by the mighty Brahmapootra,
shortiy after which it enters the ocean. The
whole length of the Ganges is computed to be
1,500 inUes.
Ganges, t. France, 20 m. N. MontpeUer, 33 W,
Nismes. Pop. 3,600,
Gangoutri, a celebrated place of Hindoo pil
grimage, on the Ganges, among the Himmalaya
mountains, in the province of Serinagur, in Uie
N. of India. Lon. 78° ff E. Lat 31° 4' N.
Gangpour, district Hind, in 22° N. lat Gang-
pour, the capital, is in lon. 84° 10' E. lat. 23° 4'iV.
Ganjam, a-p. Hind, and cap. of the disfrict of
Ganjam. It is the station of the British civfl es
tablishment, consisting of a judge, coUector, and
commercial resident Lon. 85° 19' E. Lat 19*
23' N.
Ganjecottah, fort, India, in tbe vicinity of Bala-
pore. Gannat, t France, in Allier, 22 m, N. Cler
mont, 36 S, Moulins. Lon. 3° 16' E. Lat 46° 6'
N. Pop. 4,100.
Gunnel Island, small isl. near the N. coast of
New Zealand. Lon. 184° 4ff W. Lat 37° 57' S.
Ganos, t. Eu. Turkey, on the aea of Marmora,
32 m, N. E. GallipoU. Lon. 27° 13' E. Lat, 40O
4ffN. Gap, t. France, cap, of the Upper Alps, 56 m,
S. by E. Grenoble, 426 S, by E, Paris, Lon, 6° 5'
E. Lat 44° 33' N, Pop, 8,600.
Gap, p-v. Lancaster co. Pa,
Garabusa. See Grabusa.
Garachine, cape, on the coast of Darien, at the
entrance ofthe gulf of SL Miguel, Lon, 78° 14'
W, Lat 8° T Sff' N.
Garapo, Cape, cape on tiie S, E, coast of
France, 6 ra, S, of Antibes,
Garb, el, provinceof Morocco, extending along
the coast from the straits of Gibraltar tb the river
Saboe, Pop, 200,000, The principal towns are
Tangier and Larache,
Garble, a division of Lower Egypt, compre
hending that part of the Delta between the Nile
of Rosetta and the Nile ef Damictt*.

GAR
Oard, a department of France, surrounded by
the Mediterranean and the departments ofthe Lo
zere, the Ardeche, the Rhone, the Herault, and
the Aveyron, Pop, 322,000, The Protestant aud
Catholic population is nearly equal, Nismea is
the capital.
Gard, Pant du, a Roman aqueduct, in the de
partment of the Gard, in France, joining two
mountains, and passing over the Gard or Gardon,
Gard, or Gordon, r. France, which falls into the
Rhone, 3 m, above Beaucaire,
Garda, lake, Austrian Italy, between Bresciano
and the Veroneae, It is 35 mUes long and 14
broad. It empties through the Mincio into the Po.
Garda, t Austrian Italy, inthe Veronese, onthe
eaat bank of the lake of Garda, 16 m, N, W. Vero
na, SO N, Mantua, Lon, 10° 43' E, Lat. 45° 3ff N.
Gardane, t France, 9 m. N, N, E, MaraeiUes,
Gardekben, t. Old Mark of Brandenburg, 30 m.
N, Magdeburg, 78 W. by N. Berlin, Pop, 3,200,
Lon, 11° Sff E, Lat, 52° Sff N,
Garden, bay, on the E. coast of Newfoundland,
Lon. 54° Sff W, Lat 49° 42' N,
Gardenston, a-p. Scotland, 8 m, E. Banff.
Gardiner, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on Ken
nebeck river, opposite Pittstown, 6 m. S. Augusta.
Pop. 1,029. Here is a bank,
Gardiner's bay, large bay at the E, end of Long-
bland, N, Y, Lon, 72° 15' W, Lat 41° 3' N,
The enfrance is hetween Gardiner's island and
Plumb island,
Gardiner's island, or Isle of Wight, isl, at the
end of Long-Island, N, Y, annexed to Easthamp
ton, Suffolk CO, Gardiner's bay separates it from
Long-Island, Shelter ialand and Southold, The
ialand ia 7 mUea long including the beach. It was
settied in 1639, by Lyon Gardiner, and is now the
property of one of hia deaoendants,
Garding, t. Denmark, 28 m. W, S, W, Sleawick,
Gardner's Canal, inlet, N, W, coast of America,
Lon, ofthe entrance, 231° 17' E, Lat 63° 36' N,
Gardner, t Worceater co. Mass, 26 m, N,
Worcester, 58 N, W, Boston. Pop, 815.
Gardner's Island. See Amargura.
Gardane, t. Auatrian Italy, 7 m, N. Brescia,
Gorcea, t Bengal, 34 m.fr. Sooty.
Gar-el-Mdilah, a-p. Tunia, in Africa, 4 m, W,
C^pe Zibeeb,
Garfognana. See Carfagnana.
Gargano, Monte, an extenaive mountain tract on
tiie east coast of Italy, in the kingdom of Naples,
between 41° Sff and 41° 5ff N, lat
Gargano, Monte, (the town,) See St. Angelo.
Gargnaru), t, Austrian Italy, on tiie lake of Gar
da, 24 m. N, E, Brescia,
Gorgrave, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 44 m, N, W,
Skipton. Gargunnock, v. ScoUand, in StirUng, 6 m, W,
Stirling, Gario Bay, bay on the S, coaat of Newfound
land, 22 m. E. Cape Ray.
Garigliano, (an. Liris) r. Naples, which faUs
into the Tuacan aea, in the gulf of Gaeta, in lon.
13° 45' E. and lat, 41° 15' N.
Garland, p-t Penobacot co, Maine, 28 m, N
W, Bangor, Pop. 236,
Garlieston, s-p, Scotland, in the county of Wil
ton. Pop. 600.

GAS

275

Garnache, t France, in La Vendee, 4 m. from
the sea, 20 S. W. Nantes.
Gamer's ferry, p-v. Greene co. Geo.
Oamock, r. Scotland, in Ayrshire, falls into the
sea at Irvine.
Gamsee, t. West Prussia, 9 m. S. Marienwerder.
Goroga creek, small i-. Montgomery co. N. Y.
which runa into the Mohawk at Palatine.
Garonne, r. France, rises among the Pyrenees,
and running N. W. paaaea by Bordeaux, and joins
the Dordogne at Bourg-sur-Mer, where it takes
the name of the Gironde.
Garonne, Upper, a department in the S. W. of
France, bounded S. by Spain, and W, by Upper Py
renees. Extent, 2,840 sq. mUes. Pop. 367,600, of
whom 18,000are Protestants. Toulouse iathe cap
ital. Garrachica, t. on the island of Teneriffe.
Garrard, co. Ken. on the S, side of Kentucky
river. Pop, 9,186, Slaves, 2,083, Chieftown,
Lancaster, Garratsville, p-v. Otaego co, N. Y,
, Garraway, a-p. Grain coaat Of Africa, 40 m, W.
Cape Palmaa,
Garret Dennis, ial, in the E, Pacific, N, of New
Ireland, Lon, 151° 25' E, Lat. 2° 30' S,
Garrows, a raountainous diatrict, between 25®
and 26° N, lat on the N. E, frontier of Bengal.
Garslang, t. Eng, in Lancaster co, near the
Wyer, lira, S, E, Lancaster. Lon, 2° 45' W.
Lat 53° 54' N,
Garston, t. Eng, on the Mersey, 6 m, S, E. Liv
erpool, Gartempe, r. France, which falls into the Vi
enne, It ia navigable for small vessela,
Gartow, t. Hanover, 48 m, E. S, E, Luneburg,
Gartz, t. Pomerania, on the Oder, 17 m, S. Stet
tin, 63 N, E, Berlin, Lon. 14° 2ff E. Lat 53° IffN.
- Garvie, sraall isl. Scotland, iu the frith of Forth,,
opposite Queen'a-ferry.
Garvie, r. Scotland, in Roas, v/hich joins the
Conon. Garz, t in the island of Rugens, formerly called
Carenza, 11 m. E. Stralsund.
Gasconade, r. North America, which falls into
the Missouri from the N. 100 m. from its conflu
ence with the Missiaaippi. Ou its banks is a num
ber of saltpetre caves. It can be ascended in
small boats 100 miles frora its raouth.
Gascony, before the revolution, a province in
the S. W. of France. It now forms the depart
ments of the Upper Pyrenees, Gers, Landes, and
part of Lower Pyrenees, Upper Garonne, and Lot-
and-Garonne. 'The Gascons are a spirited and
even a fierf race ; but their habit of exaggeration
in relating their exploits, has made the term gas
conade proverbial.
Gaspar Strait, passage between the islands of
Banea and BilUton, connecting the China and the
Java seas.
Gaspe, a bay of the disfrict of Gaspe, in the gulf
of St, Lawrence, lying between Cape Gaspe and
Whale Head. The shores are lofty, and the set
tlers upon them are nearly all fishermen.
Gaspe, a district of Lower Canada, on the S,
side of the St, Lawrence, at its mouth, between
64° and 66° 30' W, Lon, bounded E, by the gulf
of St, Lawrence, and S. by the province of New-

Garmouth, or Garmach, v. Scotland, in Moray Brunswick and the bay of Chaleurs, Pop, 3,200.
CO. at ^the mouth of the Spey, Imraense quanti- New Carlisle is the principal town,
' ' ' - - - , _ ,' Gaspe, cape of Canada, in the gulf of St La-w
rence, Lon, 64° 10' W, Lat 48° 35'N,
Gaspe, seigniory, Buckingham c*. Lower Cana.
-da, 15 n>. S, W. by S. Quebec,

ties of wood are floated down the Spey, and
shipped at this place. Pop, 700, 8 m, E. Elgin.
Lon. 3° W. Lat 57° 39' N. ^^

276

G A V

Gastein, t. Austrian empire, 18 m. W, S, W.
Rastadt, 36 E, Saltzburg,
Gosterthal, valley in the central part of Swit
zerland, at -tbe foot of Mount Gemmi,
Gastuni, t. Morea, opposite the ialand of Zante ;
12 m, E, Cluarenza, Pop, 3,000.
Gala, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Granada.
Lon, 2° 22' W,
Gatchina, t Russia, 17 ra. S, Petersburgh,
Gatehouse of Fleet, v. Scotland, in Kirkcud
bright, on the Fleet, 3 m. from ita mouth, 101 S, by
W, Edinburgh,
Gales, t. Geneaee co, N, Y, on Lake Ontario, at
the mouth of Genesee river ; 28 m, N. W, Canan
daigua, 80 E, Niagara river. Pop. 462. It con
tains the villagea of Rocliesterville and Charlotte.
Gates, CO. N, C. bordering on Virginia. Pop,
5,965, Slaves, 2,790. Chief town, Hertford, At
the court-house is a post-office,
- Gateshead, t, Eng. in Durham co. forminga sub
urb to NewcasUe, with wliich it is connected by a
bridge over the 'Tyne. It is famous for its grind
stones, which, under the name of Newcastle, are
exported to different parts of the world. Pop.
8,782. 13 m, N. E, Durham, Lon, 1° 37' W,
Lat. 54° 57' N,
Goth, jn Sac, Geog. one ofthe 5 principal cities
of the Philistines, and the birth-place-of GQliah,
32 ra, W. Jerusalem, 6 fr. Ekron.
Gatineau, fief, St. Maurice co. Lower Canada,
on the Lake St Peter, 12 m. W. Three-Rivers.
Gatinois was before the revolution a district of
France, divided into the Gatinois Francois, and
Gatinois Orleannois. The former now makes part
of the department of the Seine and Mame, and
the latter of the Loiret and Gonne.
Gatsch, t. Hungary, in Neograd, 12 m. E-Kor-
pona. Gattar, or Kaitar, s-p. Arabia, in Lachsa, onthe
Persian gulf, opposite Bahrein.
Gaiterskben, t Prussian states, 28 m. E. Halber
stadt. GattevUk, Cap de, cape and v. France, near
Barfleur, Gaitinara, t. Piedmont. Pop. 3,650. 6 m. S.
Borgo di Sesia, 15 m. N. Vercelli.
Gallon, bor. Eng. in Surrey, 18 m. S. London.
Gatton, or Agaton, t Benin, in Africa, on a
branch of the river Formosa.
Gattonside, v. Scotiand, on the Tweed, opposite
Melroae. -
Gavardo, or Guardo, t. Austrian Italy, 10 ra. N.
E. Breacia. Lon. 10° 26' E, Lat, 46° 38' N,
Gavella,t. Austrian Italy, 9m, S, W. Adria,
GareUo, a-p, Algiers, on the gulf of Stora, 30 ra,
W. of Bona,
Gai'i, t Sardinian states, 20 ra. N. Genoa,
Gauks Point, cape, on the S, coast of New
foundland. Lon. 55° 4ff W, Lat 46'^ 5ff N.
Gauky, r. Va, which enters the E, side of Uie
Kcnhawa, several milea above the falls.
Gavray, t France, in La Manche, 18 m, N,
Avranches. Gavre, t. Netherlands, 9 m, S, Ghent
Gauritz, r S, Africa,rises in the Nieuweldtmoun-
taina, and faUs into the Indian ocean, Lon, 21° 40'
E, Lat 34° 35' S,
Ga«(s. See Ghauts.
Gawelghur, fort. Hind, in Berar, Lon, 77° 62'
E, Lat, 21° 4ff N,
Gdya, t. Portugal, a suburb of Oporto, at the
mouth of the Douro,

GEL
Gayah, also called Boodh Gayah, t. Hind, in
Bahar, It is one of the most celebrated places of
Hindoo Pilgrimage, having been the birth-place
of Boodh, The revenue coUected from the pil
grims on account of govemraent, araountstoabove
16,000/, per annura, Lon, 85° 5' E, Lat, 24°
4ff N,
Gayhead, the W, point of Martha' a- Vineyard
ialand. Lon. 70° 60' W. Lat. 41° 2^ N. The
peninsula is 3 or 4 mUes long, and contains a set
tleraent Gojsa, in Sac. Geog. one of the 5 principal cit
ies of the Philistines, on the S, border of Palestine.
It was assigned to the tribe of Judah, but they af
terwarda loat poaaession of it
Gazypoar, district. Hind, in AUahabad, bound
ed N, and E. by the Goggrah, S. by the Ganges,
and W. by Joanpore, Gasypoor, the capital, is on
the Ganges. Lon, 83° 33'^E. Lat 25° 35'N,
Gearon. See Jaron.
Geauga, co. Ohio, on Lake Erie, at the mouth
of Grand river. Pop, in 1816, 3,000, Chieftown,
Chardon, Geba, country, W. Africa, 180 m, S. Kacundy,
on the river Geba, which falls into the Cacheo, or
St. Domingo,
Gebal, in Sac. Geog. See Gibyk.
Gebesee, t Prussian part of Saxony, near the
conflux ofthe Gera and the Unsfrut Pop. 1,360.
8 ra. N. N. W. Erfurt Lon. 10° 59° E. tat 51°
10' N.
Gebharts, p-v, Somerset co. Pa.
Gebi Zeh, (an. Lybissa) t Asia Minor, 25 m, E,
S. E, Scutare.
Gebul, t. Syria, 20 m. S. E, Aleppo.
Gebweiler, t, France, 14 m, S. by W. Colmar.
Gedingaoma, t Kaarta, W. Africa, 30 m. N. W,
Keraraoo. Gedumah, country, Africa, on the N. side ofthe
Senegal, Lat 9° 40' to 1 1° 20' W.
Geersberghe. See Grammont.
Geesh, v. Abyssinia, near the supposed source
of Uie Nile. . Lon. 86° 6ff E. Lat 10° Sff N,
Gefle, or Giawle, s-p. Sweden, on the gulf of
Bothnia, near the mouth of the Gefle. Pop. be
tween 5,000 and 6,000, 60 m. N. Upsal. Lon. 17°
7' 27" E. Lat 60° 39' 30" N,
Grfleborg, government of Sweden according to
the new division, situated between DalecarUa and
West Norrland, and extending from the gulf of
Bothnia to the Norwegian mountaina. The capi
tal is Gefle.
Gefrees, t. Bavaria, 12 m. N. N. E. BayreuUi.
Lon, 10° 6ff E. Lat. 50° 6' N.
Geil, r, which rises in the Tyrol, and faUs into
the Drave, in Carinthia.
Geilenkirchen, t Prussian states, 8 m, N, W
Juliers, Lon, 6° WE, Lat 50° 27' N,
Geisida, (an. Gratia, or Flaviopalis) t Asia Mi
nor, 60 m, N, Angora,
Geislingen, t 'Wirtemberg, 12 m, W, Ulm, Loa,
9° 50' E. Lat, 48° 34' N,
Geissmar, or HafGeismiar, t. Hesse-Cassel, 14
m, N, N, W. Caasel, 22 W, Gottingen, Lon, 9°
24' E, Lat 61° Sff N, Pop, 2,400,
Geithayn, or Geithen, t Saxony, 23 ra, S, S, E,
Leipsic, 46 W, Dresden, Lon, 12° 39' E, Lat 51°
I'N, Pop, 1,700,
Gelderland, Gueldres, or Geldem, a province of
Nethei-lands, bounded N, E, by Overyssel, S, E.
by Germany, S. by Brabant, and W. by Utirecht.
Extent, 2,020 sq. inUes, Pop. 243,000.
Geldcrs, or Guelders, t. Prussian states, 20 Bl. S.

GEN

GEN

277

S. E- Cleves, and 30 N. N. W. Dusseldorf. Lon,
6°19'E. Lat 61° SO'N,
Gellah, or Callah, fortified place, Algiers, 86 m.
E. Constantina.
Gelma, (an. Calama) t. Algiers, 50 m. E. Con
stantina. Gelnui, (an, Ci/ma) t Tunis, 84 m. S. S. W,
Tunis, Gebmuyden, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 6 ra,
E, N, E, Campen, Lon, 6° 57' E, Lat, 52°
.40' N.
Gelnhausen, t. Hesse Casael, near the Kinzig.
The Bavarians were defeated near thia by the
Frendi 29th October, 1813; 12 m. E. Hanau.
Lon, 9° 13' 63"^E. Lat 60° 13' 25" N,
Gemappe, afjhiuippes, v. Netherlanda, in Hai
nault, nearthe Scheld, 2 m, fr. Mona.
Gemarke, t Pruasian states, 20 m. S. E, Dussel
dorf. Pop. 6,000.
Gembkurs, or Gembloux, t. Netherlands, in
South Brabant The neighbourhood has been the
scene of several sanguinary confUcta, 9 m. N. W,
Namur, 30E,of Mona. Lon. 50° 36'N,
Gemert, large v. Netherlands, in North Brabant
Pop. 4,000. 2 m. N. Helmont.
Gemishkhana, t. Asia Minor, on the borders of
Armenia, SO m. S, Trebiaond.
Gemlick, (an, Caius,) t. Aaia Minor, at the head
ofthe gulf of Modania, 50 m. S. E. Conatantino
ple. Gemona, t, Auatrian states, in FriuU, Pop.
2,000. 12 m. N. N. W. Udina. Lon. 12° 59' E.
Lat46°2ffN. Gemund, t Wirtemberg, 24 m. E. Stutgard.
Lon.9°50'E. Lat 48° 44' N, Pop, 6,500,
Gemund, t. Carinthia, 32 m. N, W. Clagenfurt,
Lon, 13° 21' E, Lat 46° 50' N,
^ Gemund, t. Prussian statea, in Juliers, 41 m,
m.N. W, Coblentz, Lon, 6° 28' E; Lat, 60°
37' N,
Gemunden, t Bavaria, at the confluence ofthe
Saale and the Maine; 37 m, E. Frankfort, 25 W,
Schweinfurt. Lon, 9° 42'E. Lat 50° ff N,
Gemunden, t. Auatria, on the Traun, It is the
seat of the government ofiices for the aalt worka in
that diatrict 24 m. S. S. W. Lintz, 108 W. S. W,
Vienna. Lon, 13° 42' E, Lat 47° 6ff N, Pop,
1,800, *
Genadil, rock in Nubia, forming a cataract o^%r
which the Nile passes ; 120 m. S. S, W. Syene.
Genop, or Genappe, t. Netherlands^ in South
Brabant, on the Dyle, memorable in the batties of
17tii and 18Ui June, 1816, Pop, 1,200. 5 ra. E,
Nivelles, Genesee, r. which rises in Pennsylvania, and
flowing through New- York, enters Lake Ontario,
About 40 miles N, ofthe Pennsylvania line, there
arefaUa in the river, 1 of 60 and 1 of 90 feet, amile
apart At Rochester there are also two falls, 1
of 96 feet, and 1, 3 miles below, of 76 feet At the
mouth is a harbor, and port of entry. See Char
ktte. Vesaels ascend to the faUs,
Genesee, co, N, Y, on the W, side of Genesee
river, bounded N, by Lake Ontario, E, by Gen
esee river, which separates it from Ontario co, S,
by AUeghany and Cataraugus counties, and W.
by Niagara co. Pop. 12,644. Chief town, Ba
tavia. Genesee. See Batavia, N. Y.
Gaieseo, p-t Ontario co. N. Y. on Genesee riv
er, 25m. W. Canandaigua, 33 S. Rochester, 35 E.
Batavia. Pop. 894, It has a Presbyterian church.

The flats on the river are exceedingly fertile, and
the farms very thriving.
Genest, t Franoe, in Mayenne, 6 ra. W. N. W.
L)aval. Geneva, city, Switzerland, and the capital of a
amall canton, is situated at the W. extremity of
the lake of Geneva, on the confines of France and
Savoy. The Rhone divides it into two parts. The
public buildings are the Hotel de Ville, the arse
nal, the coUege, the public library, the hospital,
the theafre, and the cathedral. The public libra
ry was founded at the time of the reformation ; it
now containa 50,000 volumea, and at atated times
ia open to the public. Nothing can be raore agree
able than the environa of Geneva, or raore raag
nificent than the prospect which it enjoys. The
lake, the hills, the distant Alpa, covered with eter
nal anew, and above all, Mont Blanc, rearing its
lofty head to the .clouda, give a wonderful beauty
and subliraity to the prospect. The number of
inhabitants ia 22,800. Thia population would nat
urally place it araong European towns of the thfrd
or fourth rank, but it has acquired a celebrity
equal to that of the first capitals. It owes thia
high degree of reputation principally to its indus
try, and the civil and religious habits and institu
tions of its people. The great occupation of the
inhabitants, is watch-raaking, which employs
nearly 7,000 individuals ; and a great part of the
continent ia auppUed with watchea from Uiis place.
Education has always been conducted here with
the greatest care. Here are a public achool and a
university ; the former conducted by 1 1 masters,
and the university by 22 professors ; the number
of students is generally 1,000, 42 m, N, Cham
bery, 70 N. E. Lyons. Lon, 6° ff E. Lat 46°
12'N. Geneva, a canton ofthe Swiss confederation, ad
mitted in 1814. It is composed ofthe city of Ge
neva, and an adjacent territory, containing to
gether 47,000 inhabitants,
Geneva, Lake af, a celebrated lake in the forra
ofa crescent, between Switzerland and Savoy,
and occupying a part of the great valley which
separates the Alps from the Jura ridge. Its length
is 60 railes ; its greatest breadth 10. It ia never
frozen, and ita water is beautifully clear, except
at the influx of the rauddy current of the Rhone.
The scenery all around is raost magnificent, the
N. side being fertile and beautifully diversified,
while the S. side rises gradually, until its moun
tains form the highest of the Alpine range.
Genera, p-v. in Seneca, Ontario co. N.Y. on the
W, side of ISeneca Lake, near the outlet, 16 m.
E. Canandaigua, 96 W, Utica, 192 W. Albany.
Geneva enjoys an extenaive trade. It contains a
bank, an academy, a glass house, and 3 churches,
1 for Epiacopaliana, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for
Dutch Reformed. Two newspapers are printed
here, — The lake is here 3 miles wide. The vil
lage is built with much taste and beauty on its
bank, which is elevated 60 or 60 feet above the
surface ofthe water, and commands a fine view of
the lake, and ofthe fertUe and populous country
on ita borders.
Geneva, t, Ashtabula co, Ohio, on Lake Erie,
10 m. N. W. Jefferson.
Genevieve. See St. Genevieve.
Genevieve Bay, on the W, coast of Newfound
land, in the straits of Belleisle, 20 m. N, St. John'p
bav.

278

GEO

Genevois, a province of Savoy, bordering on
France and Geneva, Pop,-70,000,
Gengenbach, t, Baden, 15 m, S, E. Strasburg.
Genito bridge, p-v. Powhattan co. Va.
Gennep, t. Netherlanda, in Limburg, 9 m. S. S.
W. Clevea.
Gennesareth, Cinneroth, or seo of Tiberias,
or sea of Galilee, lake of Paleatine. It is 17 mUes
long, and 5 broad. The water is fresh and pota
ble. The country and city of Genneaareth is on
ita W. shore, and is fertile and pleasant.
Genoa, a raaritirae city in the N. W. of Italy,
once a celebrated repubUc, now the capital of a
province of the Sardinian Statea, on the gulf of
Genoa. It is surrounded by a double wall, and is
a place of greatstrength. When viewed frora the
harbour, Genoa and its environa preaent the form
of an amphitheatre. The white buildings, erec
ted on successive terraces, contrasted with the na
ked appearance ofthe Appennines, give the town
an air of great magnificence. The houses are well
built, but the streets are narrow and irregular.
Three atreeta, however, the Strada Balbi,the Sfra-
da Nuova, and the Strada Nuoviaaima, are regu
lar and spacious, and contain the palaces of the
great families. Araong the public edificea are the
Palazzo della Signora, the ancient reaidence ofthe
doge ; the great hospital, the cathedral, and several
churches which are regarded as raasterpieces of
architecture. The harbour of Genoa ia incloaed by
2 strong moles, and can admit ships of 80 guns, but
the entrance ia difficult. Genoa exporta rice and
fruit, and in particular olive oil, to a great annual
value ; also her own raanufactures, viz. silks,
4amaaks, and velvets ; forthe last, Genoa has long
heen celebrated. The yearly value ofthe differ
ent ailk and aatin manufacturea is from 200,000 /. to
300,000. The chief business ia carried on under
foreign flags, from a dread of Uie Barbary corsaira,
Thia city is Uie see of an archbishop, "The eatab
liahed religion ia Catholic, Here are an univer
sity, an academy, and a public library. Fop,
76,000, 77 m. S, E, Turin, 73 S, Milan, 450 S, E,
Paris, Lon, 8° 6ff E, Lat, 44° 25' N,
Genoa, the Territory af, a province of the Sar
dinian states, extending along the shores of the
gulf of Genoa, Extent 6,600 square milea. Pop,
530,000, It waa formerly independent, but in
1815 waa given to Sardinia, by the Congress of Vi
enna, The city and territory, however, are
governed by their own laws, preserving their sen
ate, their supreme court of justice, and provinical
councils, Genoa, p-t, Cayuga co, N, Y. on Cayuga lake,
25 m. S, Auburn, 180 W, Albany. Pop, 6,426, It
is a large township, and haa 5 houaea of public
worahip, Genoa, p-t, Indiana co. Pa.
Genoa, t. Delaware co. Ohio,
Genoa Bar, reef of rocks off the N. coaat of Ba
hama, Lon, 79° 36' W, Lat. 26° 2ff N,
Gensac, t, France, in Gironde, 9 ra, S, E, Li-
bourne, Gentiah, diatrict. Hind. N. E. of Bengal, boun
ded on the S, by Sylhet, and N, by the Garrow
mountains, Gentilly, t. France, 4 ra, S, Paris,
George, v, Scotland, in Perthshire, at the W,
end of Loch Rannoch, 36 m, N, W, Pertii,
George Fort. See Fort George.
George, Cope, cape on the S, coast of Kergue
len's land, Lon, 70° 13' E, Lat. 49° S4' S, Also

GEO
the name of a cape on the coaat of Nowfoundlaad,
Lon. 59° 17' W, Lat, 48° 28' N,
George,Lake, a beautiful lake, 36 milea long, and
about 2 broad, between Waahington and Warren
counties^ N, Y, It Ues S. of Lake Champlain, and
coraraunicates 'with it by an outlet 3 miles long,
in which distance the water descends nearly 100
feet. The lake is surrounded by high mountains,
and ia much celebrated for the romantic beauty
of its scenery. The water is deep, remarkably
transparent, and abounds with the finest fish,
Salmon-trout are taken, weighing upwards of 20
pounds. There are numeroua sraall islanda in the
lake,on some ofwhich are found chrystals of quartz,
hardly aurpassed by any in the -w;orld, for trans
parency and perfection of form. Xake George
was long conspicuous in the wars of this country,
and several memorable battles were fought on its
borders. It formed the most convenient connex
ion between Canada and the Hudson, and hence
the estabUshment of Fort WilUam Henry, in 1755,
at the head of the lake, and in more recent times,
of Fort George, in its immediate vicinity. The
remains of the fortifications are stiU viaible. Lake
George is a fashionable resort in summer, in con
nexion with BaUston and Saratoga.
George, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the S. E. aide of
the Monongahela, at the mouth of George creek,
16 m. S. W. Union. It is a place of considerable
trade. George Lake. See St. John's river, Florida.
Georgenburg, t Russia, in Wilna, 35 m. E. Til
sit. George's tavern, p-v. New Kent co. Va. It is a
place of considerable trade.
Georgesvillc, p-v, Franklin co, Ohio, 13 m, S.
W, Columbus,
Georgetown, t and cap, of Pooloo Penang, o|
Prince of Wales island, Lon, 100° 19' E, Lat s8
25' N,
Georgetown, t, Lincoln co, Maine, on the E,
side of the Kennebec, at ita mouth, separated from
Boothbay, by Sheepscot river, 15 m, S, W, 'Wis
casset, Pop, 1,998. It formerly included Phips-
burg. Georgetown, p-t. Madison co, N, Y.
Georgetown, p-t Beaver co. Pa.
. Georgetown, p-t and' cap. Sussex co. Del. 16 m.
\t, S, W, Lewiatown, 103 S, Philadelphia, Here
is a bank,
Georgetown, p-t and port of entry in the District
of Colurabia, is pleasantiy situated on the east
side ofthe Potomac, at the junction of Rock creek,
which separates it from Washington city, 3 m, W,
of the Capitol in Washington, 8 N. Alexandria,
Lon, 77° 5' W, Lat. 38° 52' N. Pop. 4,948.
It contains 5 houses of public worship, 2 for
Episcopalians, 2 for Methodists, and 1 for Pres
byterians. The Roman Catholics have a college
here, established in 1799, which has 2 spacious
brick edifices, finely situated, with a library of
7,000 volumes, and about 160 students. In 1815,
it was raised by Congress to the rank of an univer
sity, and authorized to confer degrees. George
town has considerable frade. The amount of ship
ping in 1816, waa 6,795 tona.
Georgetmcn, t Kent co. IVfd. on the eastern
shore ofthe Chesapeake, on the S. side of Sassafras
river, opposite Frederick, 9 miles above its month,
60 N. E. Chester, 65 S. W. Philadelphia.
Georgetown, diatrict. S. C, Pop- 16,679, Slaves
13,867.

GEO
Georgetown, p-t port of enfry, and cap, of
Georgetown district, S, C. on Winyaw bay, near
the raouth of the Pedee, 13 ra, from the sea, 60 m,
N, N, E. Charleston, 134 S, Fayetteville, 138 S,
E, Columbia, Lon, 79° 19' W. Lat, 33° 24' N,
Pop. about 2,000, ofwhom two thirds are negroes.
It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and 4 houses
of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Epis
copaUans, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Methodists.
Georgetown ia well situated for trade. It is in the
neighbourhood of very fertilelands, and connec
ted by the Pedee and its branches with an exten
sive back country ; but there is a bar at the mouth
of Winyaw bay which prevents the entrance of
vesaels drawing more than 11 feet water. The
amount of shipping in 1815, was 985 tons,
Georgetown, t. 'warren co, Geo. onthe Ogechee,
35 ni, above Louisville,
Georgetown, p-t and cap, Scott co. Ken, near
the mouth of Royal Spring, a branch of the North
Elkton, 14 ra. N, Lexington, It contains a court
house, a bank, an academy, a Baptist Church, a
printing-office, and several manufactories. The
counfry around is fertile and flourishing,
Georgetown, V, Harrison co, Ohio, 6 ra. S, E,
Cadiz, Georgetown, p-t. Dearbom co, Indiana.
Georgetown, t S, America, forraerly called Sta-
broek, cap. ofthe colony of Demerara in English
Guiana, lies along the E. bank of Demerara river,
at its mouth, for about two miles, and extends
back 4 a mile, Lon. 58° W. Lat. 6° 4ff N. It is
a place of considerable trade. Pop. 8,500, of
whom 5,000 are whites.
Georgetown cross-roads, p-v, Kent co, Md,
Georgia, a counfry of Asia, between the Black
sea and the Caspian, on the frontier of Russia and
Persia, It was formerly independent, but since
1801, has been united to the Russian empire.
Pop, 320,000, The beauty of the females makes
them eagerly sought after to fill the aeragUos of
the East, The inhabitants are chiefly Christians
of ^he Greek communion. The principal rivers
are the Kur aud the Araxes. Teflis is the cap
ital. Georgia, p-t. Franklin co. Vt, on Lake Cham
plain, 18 ra. N. BurUngton. Pop, 1,760,
Georgia, one of the U. States, bounded N. by
Tenneaaee ; N, E, by South-CaroUna ; S, E, by
the Atlantic ; S. by Florida, and W, by Alabama.
It extends from lat. 30° 20' to 35° N. and from lon,
81° to 86° 48' W, It is 300 raUes frora N, to
8. and 240 from E, to W, and contains 58,000 sq,
mUes, or 37,120,000 acrea. Pop, in 1790, 82,548 ;
in 1800, 162,686 ; in 1810,252,433, ofwhich num
ber 145,414 were whites, 107,019 slaves, and 1,801
free blacks. This population is confined to the
eastern part of the State, The western part is in
possession ofthe Indiana, viz. the Creeks and Cher
okees, The Indian country lately embraced raore
than 40,000 square raUes, or two ¦Ihii'Sa of the
whole State, but by the treaty of Fort Jackson,
the clairaof the Creeks was extinguished to more
than 1 1 ,000 square miles in the aouthern part of
the State, including the whole country below the
parallel of 31° 35'. The Creeks now own in this
State about 15,000 square miles, lying on the head
waters of Flint river, between the Oakmulgee
and Chatahoochee rivera. The Cherokeea lately
poaseased about 16,000 square mUes in the north-

GEO

279

cm part of Uie State, but in 18^9, they ceded a
lai-ge diafrict of it to the U, Statea,
From the ocean, for the diatance of 7 miles, there
is a margin of islanda and raarahes, intersected by
rivera, creeks, and inlets, communicating with
each other, and forming an inland navigation
for vessela of 1(X) tons, along the whole coast
These sea islands, consiat of salt marsh, and of
a species of land called hammock, which produ
ces the black seed cotton, of a superior quality.
A narrow margin on the coast of the main, consists
also of salt marshes and hammocklands. Immedi
ately back of this, are the pine barrens, interspers
ed with nuraerous inland swamps. The rivera
and creeka have also near their mouths, raarshy
landa, called brackish swamps, and higher up,
river-tide awarapa, which are entirely freahj
Both of theae, and the salt-marshes, are overflow
ed partially or whoUy, at the return of the tide.
The pine barrens reach from 60 to 90 railes from
the coaat Beyond this commences a country of sand
hUls, from 30 to 40 raUes wide, interspersed with
fertile tracta,and extending to the falls ofthe rivers.
The partof the State abovethe falls ofthe rivers,
is called the Upper country, and has generally a
strong, fertile soil. Cotton is the principal pro
duction of Georgia, It ia of two kinds ; the black
seed, or sea-island, and the green seed, or upland.
Rice is extensively cultivated in the swamps of
the low country. The fruits are figs, oranges,
melons, pomegranates, olives, lemons, &c. The
forests afford fine timber, chiefly oak and pine, for
exportation. The principal islanda on the coast are Tybee,
Ossabaw, St. Catharine, Sapelo, St, Siraon's, and
Curaberland, The principal rivers are Savannah,
Ogechee, Alataraaha, SatiUa, St, Mary's, FUnt,
Chatahoochee, Coosa, Oconee, and Oakinulgee.
Savannah and Darien are the principal ports,
MiUedgeviUe is the seat of government The other
principal towns are Augusta, Sunbury, St. Mary' s,
Petersburg, and Athens,
The university of Georgia consiats of a college,
called Franklin coUege, established at Athens, and
of an academy, either established or to be estab
lished in each county. This body of institutions
is under the direction of a Senatus Academicns,
consisting of the Governor and Senate ofthe State,
and 15 trustees. The senatua academicus ap
points a board of comraissioners in each county, to
superintend the academy ofthe county and the in
ferior schools. In 1817, $200,000 were appro
priated by the Legislature for the establialmienl
of free schools throughout the State, For judi
cial purplfces, the state is di-rided into four dis
tricts. Eastern, Middle, Western, and SouUiern.
The Baptists and Methodists are much the raos!,
numerous reUgious denominations. The Legisla-
lature consiata of a aenate and houae of representa
tives, chosen annually by counties. The govern
or is chosen for two years.
In 1817, Georgia was the sixth State in the Un
ion in the value of her exporta. The amount
was $8,790,714, and conaiated almost wholly of
domestic produce. The staple ofthe Stateis cot
ton. The amount of shipping in 1815, was only
15,590 tona,
Georgia, Gulf of, in the Pacific ocean, bctweev,
the continent of N, America, and Quadra and Van
couver's island.

2S0

GER

Georgia, New, or South Georgia, a desolate isl-
and'in the Atlantic ocean, 90 miles long, and 30
broad. Lon. 37° W. Lat 64° 3ff S,
Georgian islands, a name given to four of the
Society islands, viz. Otaheite, Eimeo, Tetaroa, and
Tapuamanu. ¦ See Society islands.
Ger, t France, in La Manche, 6 ra. N. E. Mor
tain. Gera, a lordship of Gerraany, now belonging to
the family of Reuss, extent 157' aq. miles. Pop.
22,800. -
Gera, r. Saxony, which falls into the Unstrut, 6
m. N. Erfurt
Gera, t Germany, cap. of a district belonging to
the counts of Reuss, on the VVhite Elster. Pop.
7,500. SO ra. S. S. W. Leipsic, and 68 W, Dres
den, Gerardmer, t, France, 10 m. S. E, Bruyeres.
Gerau, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, 8 m. W. N. W.
Darrastadt, Gerberois, t. France, 14 m. N. W. Beauvais.
Gerbstadt, t. Prussian states, SO ra. S. W. Des
sau, 36 S, Magdeberg, Lon. 11° 47' E. Lat 51°
40' N. Pop. 2,400.
Gerdauen, t. E. Prussia, 30 m. S. E. Konigsberg.
Lon. 21° 27' E. Lat. 54° Iff N.
Gerenna, t. Spain, 12 m. N, N. W. Seville.
Gergeau. See Jargeau.
Gergesmarkt, t Transylvania, on the Alt, 18 ra.
W. N. W. Hermannstadt
Gergong, or Ghergong, .city, and formerly cap.
of Assam, on the Deckhow river, one ofthe branch
es ofthe Brahmapootra. Lon. 94° 40' E, Lat 26°
55' N.
Gerina, or Cerino, t. Cyprus, on the N. coast,
16m.N.N.W. Nicoaia.
Geringswalda, t. Saxony, 23 m, S, S. E. Leipsic,
40 W, Dresden,
Gerizzim, in Sac. Geog, a hill in the Mount-
Ephraim range, A valley separates it from
Mount Ebal.
Germa, t. Fezzan, 50 ra. E, S, E, Mourgouk.
German, t. Chenango co. N, Y, 16 m, W, Nor
wich, 116 W, Albany, Pop, 1,519.
German, t, Fayette co. Pa, Fop, 2,079,
German, t Clarke co, Ohio, Pop, in 1819, 650.
German, t Cape Girardeau co, Missouri,
German coast, district, Louisiana, comprising
the pariahes St. Charles and St, Jean Baptist.
Pop. 6,281.
Geirmonflats, p-t. Herkimer co, N, Y. on the S.
side ofthe Mohawk, 5 m. S, Herkimer, 75 W, Al
bany, Pop, 2,228, In this town stood Fort Her-
kiraer, mentioned in the history of American wars.
The German flats is an extensive tract of alluvial
land, on both sides of the Mohawk, in this town
and in Herkimer. Though it has been cultivated
nearly 100 years, it has lost none of its fertility.
German Ocean, or North Sea, an extenaive ssa
on the N. W. coaat of Europe, bounded S, by the
atraita of Calais, and N. by the Orkney and Shet
land islands. "The fisheries are extensive, as well
on the Dogger Bank, as on the shores of Britain,
Holland, Denmark, and Norway ; they are still
greater at its northern extremity, in the direction
ofthe Orkney and SheUand islands.
Germanlown, t Columbia co. N, Y, on Hudson
river, 12 m, below Hudson, Pop, 690, It con
taina 2 churches, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 for Pres
byterians. Germnr/toii'v, p-t, Philadelphia co. Pa, 6 m, N,

GER
Philadelphia, Pop. 4,243. It contains 4 houses
of public worship, 1 for Presbyterians, 1 for Ger
man Calvinists, 1 for Lutherans, and 1 forFrienda.
The houses are ch iefly of atone, aome of them large
and elegant, and built principally on one street,
about 2 milea in length. The inhabitants are most
ly Germans and Dutch. Here ia the principal
congregation of the Menoniats, and the mother of
that sect in America. The battle of Gerraantown
was fought here on the 4th Oct 1777.
Germantovm, p-t, Hyde co. N. C. on a bay in
PamUco Sound,
Germanlown, p-t Stokes co. N. C. on the Town
fork of the Dan. It contzuna a court-house and
jail, and about 40 housea.
Germanlown, t Bracken co. Ken.
Germanlown, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 13 m. S,
Dayton. Germany, country, Europe, bounded N. by
Denraark and the Baltic, E. by Poland, S. by Hun
gary and Italy, and W. by Switzerland, France,
and the Netherlands. It is 650 railea from N. to
S, 600 from E. to W. and contains 220,000 square
milea. The northem part is a flat countiy.
Southern Germany ia more diversified, conaiating
in partof extenaive plains, but traversed also by
vast ranges of mountains. Few countries are
more fortunate in great rivers, it being computed
that no leaa than 60 are navigable to a great ex
tent, whUe six, viz. the Danube, the Rhine, the
Maine, the Weser, the Elbe, and the Oder, rank
among the noblest and largest in Europe. The
cUmate is healthy. The soU is various ; sandy
plains and barren heaths abound in the N, E.
swamps and marshes in the N, W. ; but many of
the interior and S. W. parts are uncommonly fer
tUe, No language in Europe is spoken by so great a
population as the German; it is current not only
in Germany, but iu part of France, Switzerland
and Hungary ; in Livonia, Esthonia and Cour
land, — The. - - e 21 universities, of which 13 are
Protestant, 6 CathoUc, and 2 partly CathoUc and
partiy Protestaiit The total number of students
at these seminaries is between 8,000 and 9,000;
Gottingen is the moat numerously attended, hav-
ing above a tenth ofthe whole, Gottingen, Halle,
Jena, and recentiy the university of Heidelberg,
are allowed to stand iu the first rank. The num
bers of the various religioua denominations arc
aa follows: Catholics 15,000,000, LuUierans
12,000,000, Calvinists 2,200,000, Jews 183,000,
Hernhutters 25,000, Greek church 14,000,
Germany was formerly an empire, and consist
ed of above 300 secular and ecclesiastical princes,
each independent in the administration of his
own territory, but subject to the emperor as head
of the erapire. It waa divided into 10 circles:
Austria, Burgundy, Upper Rhine, Lower Rhine,
Fi'anconia, Bavaria, S-wabia, Westphalia, Upper
Saxony and f,ower Saxony, During the late wars
in Europe, tiie empire was diasolved, and the num
ber of independent principalities reduced from
300 to little more than 30. In 1816, a new con
federation was formed, called ' the confederation
of the sovereigns and free towna of Germany.
The names of the States, the number of votes to
which each is entitied in the general assembly,
and the revenue and population of each are given
in the foUowing table :

GER

GES

281

!2

! Population Revenue

p

. frora the

coraputed in

c

; official re-

Pounds ster

" ."

tuml818.

Ung.

Austrian dominions

in Germany, i

1 9,482,227

L. 6,370,000

Prussian dominions

in Germany, ,;
I 7,923,439
4,300,000
Saxony, kingdora, i
I 1,200,000
860,000
Bavaria, - ^
\ 3,560,000
1,800,000
Hanover, - i
I 1,305,361
900,000
Wirtemberg, - '
1 1,395,463
1,000,000
Baden, grand duchy, ;
5 1,000,000
560,000
Hesse-Cassel, - ;
J 640,000
380,000
Hesse Darmstadt, ;
3 619,500
370,000
Holstein and Lauen
burg, - - ;
3 360,000
200,000
Luxemburg, -
3 214,058
120,000
Bruns'wick,
2 209,600
180,000
Mecklenburg-
Schwerin,
2 358,000
150,000
Nass'au,
2 302,767
176,000
Saxe-Weimar,
1 201,000
150,000
Saxe-Gotha, duchy.
1 185,682
160,000
Saxe-Cobourg, -
1 80,012
55,000
Saxe-Meinungen,
1 54,400
35,000
Saxe-Hildburghau-
sen.
1 29,706
20,000
Mecklenburg-Stre-
Utz,
1 71,769
50,000
Oldenburg,
1 217,769
150,000
Anhalt-Dessau,
1 . 62,947
60,000
Anhalt-Bernburg,
1 37,046
30,000
Anhalt-Kothen, -
1 32,454
23,000
Schwartzburg-Son
dershausen,
1 46,117
25,000
Schwartzburg-Ru
dolstadt,
1 53,937
2^000
HohenzoUem-Hech-
1
ingen, - -
1 14,500
80,000
Lichtenstein, -
1 6,546
3,000
HohenzoUern-Sig-
maringen.
1 35,560
30,000
Waldeck,
1 51,8'77
40,000
Reiias-Greitz, •-
1 22,255
13,000
Reusa-Lobenstein,
1 5^,205
29,000
Hesse-Homburg,
1 20,000
17,000
Schauenburg-Lippe,
1 24,000
18,000
Lippe-Detmold,
1 69,062
50,000
The free tow^n of Lu
beck,
1 40,650
30,000
— Frankfort, -
1 47,850
60,000
— Bremen,
1 48,500
40,000
— HEunburgh, -
1 129,800
120,000
«
9 30,094,060
L,18,646,000
The diet is permanent, and the sessions are held
at Frankfort on the Maine, In all ordinary con
cerns, the eleven larger states are each entitled
to one vote, and the amaller statea are divided into
six classes, and each class has oue vote. But when
fundamental laws are to be enacted, and in some
other questions of prime importance, the diet re
solves itself into the general assembly, in which
each state has the number of .votes raentioned in
the table. The railitary contingent of the federa
tive body, in tirae of peace ia 120,000 raen, of
whom 96,000 are infantry, 18,000 cavalry, and
6,000 artUlery. In wa r,the contingent ia one in 100
onthe population, njaking a total of 301 ,000, with
a reserve forceof one in 200,— The great fortres
ses essential to the defence ofthe erapire in Mentz,
Luxemberg, and Landau, are declared to belong
to the Confederation. Germersheim, important
aa commanding the passage of the Rhine, is to be
made a place of great strength ; also Homburg,
between Luxemburg and Landau, Ulm is like
wiae to be made a fortress of the first rank, and
the sura of 800,000/, was voted by the diet in 1818
for completing its fortifications,
Germany, t. Adaraa co. Pa, Pop, 788,
Germersheim, t Bavarian circle of the Rhine,
at the conflux of t^e Queich and the Rhine. It
ia at present (1819) a place of atrength, but its
fortifications are about to be greatly increased, the
diet of Frankfort having fixed on it as one of the
bulwarks ofthe empire, and appropriated 600,000/.
sterling for additional works. Pop. 1,600. 5 ra.
S. Spire, 8 S. Manheira. Lon. 8° 25' E, Lat, 49°
12' N,
Germunderyd, small place, Sweden, in West
Gothland, the birth-place of Catherine I, of Rus
sia, Gemrada, t, Germany, in Anhalt-Bernburg.
26:m- W, Bernburg, Lon, 11° 2ff E.Lat, 61° 45' N.
Gemsheim, t Heaae-Darmatadt. Pop, 2,250,
18 m. S, S, E, Mentz, 27 W, N. W. Heidelberg.
Gemspaeh, t. Baden, on the Murg, 4 m. E. Ba
den. Geron Point, cape, on the coastof Ireland. Lon.
6° 50' W. Lat 55° 5' N,
Gerona, t Spain, in Catalonia, at the conflu
ence of the Omhar and the Ter, faraoua in hia-
tory for various sieges and obstinate defences.
It ia a biahop's see, 40 m. S. Perpignan, 47 N. E.
Barcelona. Lon. of the cathedral, 2° 29' 34" E.
Lat 41° 5ff 21" N. Pop, 14,000,
Gerry, Mass, See Phillipstan.
Gerry, t. Chatauque co, N, Y,
Gers, a department in the S, W, of France, be
tween the departments of the Upper Garonne
and the Landes, Extent, 2,620 sq, milea. Pop,
286,500, Gers, r. France, which runa into the Garonne,
3 m. S, E, Agen,
Gersau, t, Swiaa canton of Schweitz, on lake
Lucerne, Gersdorf, v. Saxony, in the circle of the Erz-
gebirge, near Rosswein, In the ne^hbourhood
is a silver raine,
Gersdorf, v. Saxony, E, of Lutzen, and the
acene of an action between the French and allies,
5th May, 1813,
Gertruydenberg, aatrongly fortified t, Nether
landa, in North Brabant, on the arra of the sea
caUed the Biesbosch, 10 m. S, E. Dort, 7 N, E,
Breda, Lon, 4° 61' 54" E, Lat. 51° 42' .5' N,
Gesecke, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia, 9 m.
E, S, E, Lippstadt
Geserich, lake, W, Prussia, extending from
Deutsch Eylau to Saalfeld, 18 miles.
Geshur, in Sac. Geog, a country, E, of the Jor
dan, inhabited by Canaanites, It is also the name
of a country in the S, part of Palestine, near Phi-
Ustia; also, a place in Syria, governed by a king,
Whose daughter David married.
Gesigo Point, cape, Ireland. Lon. 8° 33^' W.
Lat 64° 22' N.
Gestrieioi province, Sweden, forming a part of
the modern government of Gefleborg, Extent,
1,240 sq. miles. Pon. 27.000. The chief to-iivn,
is Gefle.
36
2S2

G H I

G I B

Gesualdo, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra, 14
m. N. W. Conza.
Getdfe, t Spain, 6 m. fr. Madrid, on the road to
Toledo. Gethsemane, iu Sac. Geog. y. Palestine, at the
foot of Mount Olivet, aeparated from Jeruaalem,
by the brook Kedron.
Gettysburg, p-t. and cap. Adams co. Pa. on
Rock creek, oneof the sourcea of the Monocacy,
36 m.from WUliamsport, (Md.) 118 W, Phila
delphia, The public buildings are a court-house
and jaU, and a bank,
Gevrai, t France, 6 m, S, Dijon,
Gewics, t Moravia, 24 m, W, Olmutz, Lon.
16° 36' E. Lat, 49° 46' N,
Gex, t, France, in Ain, 10 m, N, W. Geneva,
Geyer, t Sajony, in the circle of Uie Erzge-
birge, 28 m, S, W, Freyburg,
Geyser. See Iceland.
Oeysingen, t, Baden, on the Danube, 16 ra, N,
Schaffhausen. /
Gezon, or Dsjtsan, s-p. Arabia, ih Yemen, 175
m. N. W. Sana.
Ge«er, in Sac. Geog. a town of the Levitea, ou
tlie W. border of the tribe of Ephraira, of which
th«. Canaanites long retained possession.
Ghakfka,%-p. Arabia, in Yemen, 20 m, S. Ho
deida, Ghana. See Gana.
Ghauts, mountains, which run nearly N, and
3, through the peninsula of India, along the west
coast from Surat to Cape Comorin, The western
side is the highest, and is computed to be between
3,000 and 4,000 feet above the aea. On this side,
there arc very extensive forests of teak timber,
exfremely valuable for ship-buUding,
Ghedi, t. Austrian Italy, 10 m. S. Brescia,
Gheelen, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp, on the
Nethe, 11 m, S, Turnhout. Pop, 7,000.
Gheep, district, Hind, in Lahore, between 32°
and 33° N, lat. Its principal towns are Pirhala
and Varsha.
Ghent, a large city, Netherlands, cap, of East
Flanders, on the Scheldt, at the junction of the
Lys, Several navigable canala divide the town
into 26 ialanda. The streets are in general wide
and sfraight The houses are large, but not ele
gant. Among the objects of curiosity are the ca
thedral, distinguished for the splendour and rich
ness of its interior ; the town-hall, the public li
brary, the beautiful botanic garden, the ramparts,
and the numerous public walks. The principal
manufactures are lace of great fineness, cotton,
linen, silk, and woollens. The great branch is
cotton weaving. Here are acaderaiea for draw
ing, architecture, and the fine arts, and a provin
cial coHege, which, in 1816, was constituted one
of the three universities of the kingdom of the
Netherlands. Ghent is the see of a bishop, A
treaty of peace between Britain and Araerica,
was signed here in Deceraber, 1814, 30 ra, S. W,
Antwerp, 36 N, Lille, Lon, 3° 43" 5ff E, Lat,
51° 3' 21" N, Pop. 61,000,
Ghent, p-t, Gallatin co. Ken, on the Ohio, op
posite Vevay.
Gheriah, fort, on the W. coast of India, on a
promontory, near the entrance of a capacioua
harbor, Lon, 73° 6'E, Lat 16 °32' N,
Gherma. See Germa.
Gfiezan. See Gesan.
Ghiddore, t, Bengal, in Monghir. Lon. 86° 18'
£. Lat. 24° Sff N,
Ghilan, province^ Persia, extending upwards of

200 miles along the S. W. shore ofthe Caspian sea-
Reshd is the chief town. Pop, 50,000 famiUes,
Ghinala, country W, Africa, on the N. aide of
the Rio Grande.
Ghistel, t. Netherlands, 5 m. S. Ostend.
Ghivira, t. Italy, 34 ra. N. N. W. MUan.
Ghizne, or Zabul, diatrict, Afghanistan, be
tween 33° and 34° N. lat and between 68° and
69° E. lon.
Ghizne, city, Afghanistan, once tbe capital of a
powerful empire, but now scarcely retains a ves
tige of ita former grandeur. Lon. 68° 28' E. Lat
33° 36' N.
GhohonviUe, p-v. Brunswick co. Va,
Ghoraghaut, city, Bengal, on the W, bank of
the Curruttya river. Lon. 89° 26' E. Lat 25°
13' N.
Ghoraghaut, fort, Hind, in Gujerat,
Ghore, city, Afghanistan, Lon. 67° 48' E, Lat,
35° 45' N,
Ghumishkhaua. See Gemishkhana.
Ghunfude, s-p. Hedsjas, in Arabia, 145 m, S.
Mecca. Ghur Mokhtesir, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Gan
ges, Lon, 78° 2' E, Lat 28° Sff N.
Ghurka, city. Hind, now called Aurungabad.
It waa once the capital ofthe Deccan. AlUiough
it haa lost much of its ancient splendour, it has still
a very extensive market place or bazar, and there
are aome magnificent ruins, particularly the pal
ace and gardens of Aurungzebe. Lon. 76° ff E.
Lat 19° 4ff N.
Ghyrelty, t Bengal, on the Hoogly, 16 m. N.
Calcutta. Giabbar, fort, A. Turkey, 120 m, S. S. W. Diar
bekir. Giaduroginissa. See Calderone.
Giant ofthe valley, mt. in EUzabethtown, Esaex
CO. N. Y. Its summit is about 1 ,200 feet above the
plain, aud commands an extensive -view of Lake
Champlain and its shores.
Giant's Causeway, promontory on the N. coast
of Ireland, It is formed of a vast quantity of ba
saltic colurans, which run out a great 'way into
Uie aea.
Gianutti, small isl. in Uie Tuscan sea, 9 m. fr.
State de Presidii.
Giarilchas, small islands in the Eastem seas, S
E. of Uie island of Gilolo. Lon. 127° 18' E. Lat,
0°ffN, Giavenna, t. Piedmont, 17 m. W. Turin, 17 E.
by S. Susa, Pop. 7,500.
Gibbethon, in Sac. Geog. t ofthe PhiUstines in
the limits ofthe tribe of I%in.
Gibbonsvilk, v. in Watervliet, N. Y.
Gibeah, or Gibeath, in Sac. Geog. t in the fribe
of Benjamin, the birth-place of Saul.
GiAc/ el Tor, mt. See Tabor.
Gibeon, in Sac. Geog. t in the tribe of Benja
min, a little N, of Gibeah, It is famoua for the
fraud which its inhabitanta practised on the la-
raelitea. Gibichenstein, v. Prussian states, in the duchy
of Magdeburg, on the Saale, 1 m. N, HaUe,
Gibraleon, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 44 m, W, Se
vUle. Pop. 2,800.
Gibraltar, a well known proraontory in the S. of
Spain, on the straits which connect the Atlantic
with the Mediterranean. It consists of a great
rocky mountain, running from N. to S. about 3
milea long, from a half a mile to three-fourths
wide, and from 1,200 to 1,400 feet high. On the
N, side ia an isthmu.«, about 1 4 miles long, and half

G I G
as much broad, which connects thia vast mass of
rock with the continent. The N. front of the
rock is almost perpendicular; the E. aide is full of
frightful precipices ; while the S. being narrow
and abrupt, preaents hardly any possibility of ap
proach. On none of these aides has this tremen
dous mass ever been attacked. The W. front ia
almost as abrupt as the othera, but on this side it is
most vulnerable, and here are the great batteriea
and works of defence. The importance of Gib
raltar arises chiefly from its bay, which ia of great
extent, and forras a convenient naval station, being
protected from the more dangerous winds. Gib
raltar was first fortified in the modern style in the
reign of the emperor Charles V. It waa taken by
the English in 1704 ; it has aince been repeatedly
besieged (first in 1705, next in 1727, aud lastly in
1779,) but always without success. The town of
Gibraltar stands at the foot of the promontory, on
the N. W. aide. The population, excluaive ofthe
garriaon, is above 12,000, partly British, parUy
Spaniards, Italians, Jews, and even Moors, aU at
tracted by mercantUe enterprise. The trade of
the place embraces a great variety of articles.
The support of this post is very expensive to Great
Britain, Excavations of great extent have been
made by gunpowder, to establish communications
between the different posts, and enable them to be
relieved without a loss of lives from the enemy's
fire, 16 m. N, Ceuta, 70 S, Seville, Lon, 5° 19'
4" W, Lat 36° ff 42" N,
Gibraltar, Straits of, connect the Atlantic with
the Mediterranean, The narrowest part (15
miles across) is about 8 ra, W. of Gibraltar.
Gibraltar, St Antonio de, t. Caraccas. Lon. 70°
37' W. Lat 9° 11' N.
Gibson, p-t Susquehannah co. Pa.
Gibson, co. Indiana, on the Wabaah. Pop. in
1815, 5,320, Chieftown, Princeton,
Gibson, t, Washington co, Indiana.
Gibson port. See Port Gibson.
Gibson's creek, r. Miaaouri Territory, which
runs into the N, aide ofthe Miasouri, in lon, 106°
Sff W, lat 47° N,
Gibson's store, p-v, Faquier co, Va,
Gibyle, s-p, Tripoli, caUed in Scripture Gebal,
and by the Greeks Byblas, at the mouth of the Je-
bUee, 12 ra, S. S. W. Tripoli.
Gien, t. France, on the Loire, 38 ra. S, E, Or
leans, Lon. 2° 42' E. Lat 47° 41' N, Pop. 5,150,
Giengen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Brentz, 28 ra.
N. W, of Augsburg. Lon. 10° 13' E. Lat 48° 46'
N. Pop. 2,000.
Giens, peninsula, on the coast of France, in the
department of the Var, occupied as a railitary sta
tion. Lon. 6° 7' 46" E. Lat 43° 3' 10" N.
Gientofte, v. Denmark, a little N. Copenhagen.
Gierace, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 34 m. E.
N. E. Reggio. Lon. 16° SO' E. Lat 38° ff N.
Pop. 6,000.
Giessen, t. Hesse-Darmstadt, between the Lahn
and the Wiesek, A university was founded here
in 1607, Pop, 7,700, 6 ra, E. Wetzlar, 36 N, E,
Mentz, Lon, 8° 43' E, Lat 50° 26' N.
Gicssenheim, small isl. in the Rhine, oppoaite
Haguenau. , Gifharn, t Hanover, in Luneburg, at the influx
ofthe Ise into the AUer, 11 ra, N. Brunawick,
Giggleswick, t. Eng, in Yorkahire, 1 m, N, W.
Settle, Pop, 647,
Gigha, isl, one of the Hebrides, Pop, 860, Lon,
5°43'W, Lat 55° 44' N,
Giglio, Isola di, isl. Tuscany, 14 or 15 m. from

GIL

283

the isthmus of Monte Argentaro, 17 W. Porto Er-
cale. Lon, 10° 65' E, Lat, 42° 24' N,
Gignac, t. France, on the Herault, 14 m. E, S,
E, Lodeve, Lon, 3° 38' E, Lat, 43° 49' N,
Gilum, or Siloa, in Sac, Geog, a brook on the
W, side of Jerusalem, running into the Dead sea.
Gihon ia also the narae of one ofthe 4 rivers of
Paradise, See Jihon.
Gijon, s-p, Spain, in Asturia, The harbour is
very good, and ia the raost frequented in the prov
ince. Here is a school for navigation, raineralo-
gy and mathematics ; 18 m, N, 0,viedo, Lon, 5°
44' 47" W, Lat, 43° 35' 19" N. Pop, 3,300,
Gila, Ria, i . New Spain, which runa into the -
gulfof California, just below the Colorado, in 33°
N, lat Length, 600 milea.
Gilbaa, in Sac, Geog, m-t, in the tribe of Issa
char, on which Saul was slain, 60 m, N. Jerusalem.
Gilead, in Sac, Geog, a ridge of mountains on
the E, side of Jordan, extending from Mount Leb
anon to the country of Moab, — The province of
Gilead was in the neighborhood of Bashan and Ar
gob ; but Gilead is also used in a larger sense, and
comprehends the whole country on the E, side of
the Jordan, afterwards caUed Perea.
Gilead, t. Oxford co, Maine, on the Androscog
gin, SO m, W, Paris, Pop, 21^.
Cfiles, CO. in the W. part of Va. inclosed by
Greenbriar, Monroe, Montgomery, Tazewell and
Kenhawa counties. Pop. 3,746. Slaves 242. Chief
town, Davisbuig.
Giles, CO, Weat-Tenneasee, on Elk river, border
ing on Alabama, Pop, 4,546, Slavea 733, Chief
town, Pulaski, At the court-house is a post-office,
Gilford, t Strafford co, N. H, on the S, aide of
Lake Winnipiseogee, 23 m, N, E, Concord,
Gilgal, in Sac, Geog, a place on the W. aide of
the Jordan, and E, of Jericho,
Gildersome, t, Eng, in Yorkahire, 5 m, S, W.
Lceda, Gilgenberg, t, Eaat Pruaaia, 90 m. S. Konigaberg.
Gilion, isl, offthe E. end of Madura island, Lon,
114° 40' E. Lat. 7° 6' S,
Gill, t. Franklin co. Maas. on the W, side of
Connecticut river, 3 ra. E. Greenfield, Pop, 762,
Gilkesec Strait, or Alias Strait, atrait between
the ialanda of Sumbawa and Lombock ; 45 miles
wide, Gillespie's store, .-p-v. Blount co. Ten,
Gilling, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 4 ra, N, E. Rich
mond. Gillingham, v. Eng. in Dorsetshire, 4 m, N, W,
Shaftsbury, Gillingham, v. Eng, in Kent, 14 m, N, E, Chat
ham. Pop. S, 135.
Gillori, isl. off the coast of Alabama, on the W.
aide of MobUe bay, at its mouth. It is separated
from the main by a atrait, called Passe au Heron,
which has 4 feet water. On the S, a narrow chan
nel dividea it from Dauphin island.
Gillsland, watering place, Eng. in Cumberland,
18 ra, N, E. Cariiale,
Gilly, t Netherlanda, in Hainault Pop, 3,050.
3 m, E, by N, Charleroy.
Gilmanton, p-t. Strafford co. N, H, 17 m, N. E.
Concord, 50 N, W, Portamouth, Pop, 4,338, The
courts of comraon pleaa for the county are held al
ternately here and at Rochester, It containa an
acaderay, and 5 houses forpubUc worship,
Gilmanton, Lower, p-v, in GUmanton, N, H,
Gilmerton, v, Scotiand, 4 m, S, Edinburgh.
Gilak, one of the Molucca islands, of an ex
tremely irregular form, consisting of four peninsu-

284

G I V

las, separated from each other by deep bays. The
Sago and fruit trees flourish here in great abun
dance. The town of Ossa, in fon, 128° 22' E, lat
0° 46' N. affords every convenience for ahipa
touching at the island,
Gilsum, t Cheshire co, N, H. 37 m, S, Concord,
Ginbola, territory of Central Africa, onthe Ni
ger, W, of Tombuctoo,
Gingee, district, India, in the Carnatic, between
12° and 13° N, lat Gingee, fort. Hind, and cap
ital of Gingee diatrict, in the Camatic, Lon, 79°
34' E, Lat 12° 16' N,
Gingerah, fortified ial, on the W, coaat of India,
Lon, 73° ffE, Lat 18° 16'N,
Ginniken, v. Netherlanda, 6 m, S, E, Breda,
Giya, t Naples, in Bari, 14 ra, S, S, W, Cou-
versano. Giorgiev, t Eu, Turkey, in Walachia, on the
Danube, 40 ra, S, W, Bucharest Lon, 25° 18'
E. Lat, 43° Sff N,
Giomico, or Imis, t. Switzerland, in Ticino," 13
m, N, BeUinzona,
Giovenazso, t, on the E, coaat of Naplea, 10 m,
W, N, W, Bari, Lon, 16° 42'E. Lat 41° 17' N.
Girdkness, promontory on the E. coast of Scot
land, at the south point ofthe mouth of the river
Dee, 2 m, S. Aberdeen, Lat 57° ff N,
Girge, t. Upper Egypt, of which tiU very late
ly it was the capital. It ia about i of a mile from
the river, 215 m, S, Cairo. Lon, 31° 6' 2" E,
Lat 37° 22' N,
Girgenti, or Fiume di Naro, r. Sicily, which
falls into the Mediterranean near Girgenti,
Girgenti, a-p, Sicily, in Val di Mazzara, Here
stood the ancient Agrigentum, the magnificent
ruins of which are still to be seen. It is a
bishop's see. The principal coramerce is in corn,
60 m, S. Palerrao, 27 N, W, AUcata, Lon, 13°
4ff E,*Lat 37° 23' N, Pop, 12,000,
Giromagny, v, France, 7 m, N, Befort, 34 S, W,
Colraar, Gironde, r. France, formed by the union of the
Garonne and Dordogne, It faUa into the Atlantic
after a courae of 27 miles, in lat, 45° 35' N.
Gironde a departraent in the S, W, of France,
Pop, 515,000, of whom about 60,000 are Protea
tanta, The great product of the department is
wine, of which it is coraputed that 800,000 hogs
heads are raade annually. Bourdeaux is the cap
ital. Girty's pwn, Allen co, Ohio, near Fort St Ma
ry's, Girvan, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire,
Gisborough. See Guisborough.
Gisburn, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 10 m, S, W, Skip-
ton, Gisors, t, France, in Eure, 32 ra, N, E, Evreux,
Lon, 1° 43' E, Lat 49° Iff N, Pop. 3,600.
Gitschin, t. Boheraia, 28 m. N, W, Konigin
gratz, Lon, 15° 20' E. Lat 50° 23' N.
Giudeca, or Zuecca, isl. in the Lagunea of Ven
ice, about a mile from that city,
Givet, atrong t, on the frontiers of Franoe, in
Ardennes, on the Meuse, 16 ra. N, E. Rocroy, 24
N. Mezieres. Lon. 4° 51' E. Lat 50° 7'N. Pop.
3,600. Giula. See Gyula,
Giulia Nuova, t. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra,
12 m. E. N. E. Terarao.
Gimrs, t. France, dep. of the Rhone, 6 m. N.
W. Vienne.
Givry, t. France, 4 m. W. Chalons. Lon. 4°
50° E. Lat, 46° 47' N,

G L A
Giseh, v. Egypt, on the NUe, neariy opposite
Cairo, chiefly distinguished by the famoua pyra
mids in ita imraediate neighbourhood, 3 m, S, W,
Cairo, Gladbach, t Prussian states, 16 m, N, JuUers.
Lon, 6° 15' E, Lat 51° 14' N. Pop. about 6,000.
Gladsmuir, parish, Scotland, Haddington co.on
the frith of forth.
Glammis, v. Scotland, in Forfar co. 54 m, W.
Forfar, Glamorgan, co. Wales, extending along the N,
shore of the Bristol channel,' Extent, 527,000
acres, or 822 aquare miles. Imraenae quantitiea of
iron and coal are found here, and hence this has
become one ofthe principal mining aud manufac
turing countiea in the kingdom. The principal
iron worka are Merthyr Tydvil, the greateat of
the kind perhaps, in the world. Pop, in 181 J,
85,967, FamiUes, 18,695, of which number, 8,217
were employed in agriculture, "ZjOW-ia-commerce
and manufactures, and 2,563 otherwise,
Glandeves, t. France, on the Var, Lon, 6°
48' 25" E, Lat. 43° Sff 43" N.
Glandeves. See Entrevau/c.
Glandford Bridge, or Bri^, t Eng. in Lincohi-
shire. It ia situated ou the Ankholme, which is
navigable from the Humber. 23 m. N. E, Lin
coln, Glarus, or Claris, canton, Switzerland, boun
ded by those of St. Gall, the Grisons, Uri, and
Schweitz, Extent, 400 square mUes, Pop,
1 9,280, principally proteatants. Glarua, the chief
tovra, is 32 m. E. Lucerne. Lon. 9° 13' E. Lat
47° 6'N. Pop. 2,600.
Glasgow, city, Scotland, in Lanark co. long dis
tinguished for its extensive coramerce and manu
factures. It is on the Clyde, which is navigable
to the city for vessels dra-wii^ 7 or 8 feet of wa
ter. There are raany raagnificent public buil
dings in Glasgow, ofwhich the cathedral, or high
church, is the chief There are several charita
ble establishments, and 36 places of pubUc wor
ship. The university of Glasgow was founded in
1450, and at preaent, conaists at a lord chanceUor,
lord rector, dean of faculty, the principal, and 17
professora. At present there are about 1,400 stu
dents. Exclusive ofa valuable and extenaive li
brary, founded upwards of two centuries ago, in
which there are many very i-are books ; the cele
brated Dr. WUliam Hunter of London, bequeath
ed his whole museum, one of the most valuable
collections in Europe, of natural history, paintings,
medals, anatomical preparations, books, &c. A
very useful institution was founded in 1796, by
the late Mr. Anderson, -witha view to afford a
regular course of instruction to those peraons who
do not intend to enter any of the universities.
Courses of popular lectures are given on natural
and experimental philosophy, mathematics, chem
istry, botany, and natural liistory. There is a class
for mechanics, which is moat numeroualy attended,
in which the above sciences are taught at a very
moderate rate.
The situation of Glasgow is singularly favoura
ble for trade, placed on the borders of one of tlie
richest coal and mineral fields in the island, while
the Atlantic opens to it on the one hand, through
the river Clyde, and the North sea on the other,
through the Forth and Clyde canal and the frith
of Forth, Among otiier works belonging to Glas
gow, are 52 cotton mills, containing 511,200 spin
dles, and employing a capital of 1,000,0(10/,; 18
works for weaving by, power, which contain 2,800
looms, producing 8,400 pieces of cloth weekly ;

G L E

G L O

285

17 calendar houses, who have 39 calendars moved
by steam ; these calendar daily 118,000 yards of
cloUi, besides dressing 116,000, and glazing 30,000
yards. There are 18 caUco printing works ; 9
iron foundries ; and 73 steam engines. The com
munication of Glasgow, with the country along
the shores of the Clyde, haa been greatly aided by
steam-boats, ofwhich tiiere are now 16 plying on
the Clyde. Pop. in 1780, 42,832— in 1785, 45,889,
—in 1791, 66,578,— in 1801, 83,769,— in 1811,
110,460,— in 1818, estimated at 120,000. Lon.4°
15' 51'' W. Lat 66° 52' 10" N.
Glasgow, Part, Scotland, in Renfrew co. on the
frith of Clyde, 24 m, above Greenock, 20 below
Glasgow, The town ia very neatiy built, sur
rounded with many pleasant villas, with their
gardens ; and the environs are exfremely pictur
esque. The trade of this port is chiefly dependent
on Glasgow. Pop. in 1811, 5,116.
Glasgow, p-t. and cap. Barren co. Ken, 32 m,
from Cumberland court-house, 145 S, W, Lexing
ton, Pop. 244, Here ia a bank.
G/asj6oroug/i, v. Glouceater co. N. J. 20 m. S. E.
Philadelpliia. Here is a glaas factory.
Glasshouses, three hilla on the eaat coast of New
Holland. Lat26°2ffS.
Glastenbury, p-t Hartford co. Ct. on the E. aide
of Connecticut river, 8 m. below Hartford. Pop.
2,766. It containa 4 churchea, 2 for Congrega
tionalists, 1 for EpiscopaUans, and 1 for Methodists.
In this town, there are raany mills and manufacto
ries. Glastonbury, t. Eng. near WeUs, in Someraet-
shire, famous for tbe ruins of its abbey, the oldest,
and for a long time the richest and most magnifi
cent in England. Pop. in 1811, 2,340. 130 m.
W. by S. London. Lon. 2° 42' W. Lat 51° ff N.
Glastonbury, t Bennington co. Vt 9 ra. N. E.
Bennington. Pop, 76.
Gluts, t. SUeaia, ou the Neias, in a narrow val
ley between two lofty hills. On one of these stands
the old castie, and on the other a raodern regular
fortress, 55 m. S, by W, Breslau, 04 E. Prague,
Lon, 16° 2ff E. Lat 50° IffN. Pop, 6,700,
Glatzergebirge, ridge of mountains in the N.
E. of Bohemia, forraing part of the Sudetic chain,
Glauchau. See Halle.
Glauchau, t. Saxony, ou the Mulda, 63 ra, W,
Dresden, 6 N, Zwickau, Lon, 12° 25' E, Lat,
50°45'N, Pop. 4,000.
Gkichen Neue. See Pleisse.
Glen, T. Eng. which runs into the Wash, 6 ra.
N. E. Spalding.
Glenans, group of small ialands on the coaat of
France, 11 m. S. Concameau, Lon, 4° 8' 30"
E, Lat 47° 37'20"N.
Gleneoe, vale, Scotland, in ArgyUahire, near the
head of Loch Etive,
Glengary, district, Scotland, in Inverness shire.
Glennie's Isles, amall ialands. New Holland, in
Basa's.atrait, in lon, 146° 24' E. lat, 39° 114' S,
Glens, p-v. Gloucester co. Va.
Glenns foils, in Hudson river, N. Y. 4 ra. above
Sandy HiU, 18 below Baker'a falls. The bed of
the river here consists of irregular ledges of rocka,
riaing one above another. Over theae rocka the
water rushes in one broad expanse, when the
river is high, and at other times in several chan
nels, descending in the courae of 3 roda, 28 feet.
The entire fall is 36 feet. There is a village at
the faUs. See Glemille.
Gknshee, (Spittal of,) pasa in the Highlands of
-Scotiand, 77-m. N. by W, Edinburgh-, 22 N, Cupar
Angui,

Glenville, p-v, VV^ashingfon co, N, Y. on the N,
side of the Hudson, at Glenn's faUs, It stands at
the meeting of 4 considerable roads, and a bridge
is here thrown across the river, below the falls,
Glacester, See Gloucester,
Glockner, one of the highest mountaina in Eu*
rope, on the confines of Salzburg, the Tyrol, and
Carinthia, It ia computed to be 12,760 feet above
the level ofthe aea, Lon, 12° 51' 40" E, Lat 47°
4'3S"N, Glogau, a atrongly fortified t, SUesia, near the
Oder, 60 m, N, W, Breslau, Lon, 16° 6' 45" E.
Lat, 51° 38' N. Pop, 9,000, of whom 2,000 are
Jews. Glogau, Little or Upper, t SUesia, 21 ra, S. Op
peln. Glomme, r. Norway, which falls into the Cat
tegat, at Frederickstadt. It is 300 railea long, and
the largeat in Norway.
Giotto, the ancient name ofthe Clyde.
Gloucester, one of the western counties of Eng
land, along the vale ofthe Severn. Extent, 1,220
aquare milea. Pop. in 1811, 286,614. Families,
62,092 ; of whom 20,782 were employed in agri
culture, 29,988 in trade and manufactures, and
11,322 otherwise.
. Gloucester, city, Eng. cap. of Glouceater co, is
on the Severn, 3() ra. above its junction with the
Bristol channel. It possesses by nature consider-
ble facilities for coramerce, and these have been
greatly improved by several canals. The chief
manufactory is that of pins, which is the moat ex
tensive in the kingdom. Gloucester -contains a
magnificent cathedral, five parish churches, seve
ral meeting hotisea, and a aynagogue. A mineral
spring, surpassing those of Cheltenham in its
powers, has recently been diacovered here, Glou
cester is the see of a biahop. It returna 2 raem
bers to parUament. Pop, 8,280. 106 m. W. by S.
London. Lon, 2° 13' W. Lat. 51° 51' N.
Gloucester, a town of liberated negroes, in the
colony of Sierra Leone, Pop. 356.
Gloucester, cape, on the coast of New Britain.
Lon. 148° 15' E. Lat 5° 54' S.
Gloucester, t, Russel co. Up. Canada, on Otta
wa river.
Gloucester, p-t, and port of entry, Essex co.
Mass, on Cape Ann, at the N. extremity of Mas
sachusetts bay, 16 ra. N. E. Salem, 34 N. E. Bos
ton, It contains a bank, and 6 houaea of public
worship, 5 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Uni-
versaUsts. Gloucester is one of the most consid
erable fishing towns in the Commonwealth. The
harbor ia very open, and accessible to large ships,
and from S^am and Sandy bay, two small out-
ports, the bay fishery is carried on with great
spirit, and to a large amount. The principal part
of Gloucester ia a peninaula, connected with the
main by a very narrow isthmus. On the S. E.
side of the town ia Thatcher's ialand, on which
are two light-houses. The amount of shipping in
1816, was 1 1,080 tons. Pop, in 1810, 6,943.
Gloucester, t Providence co. R. 1, 16 m, N, W.
Providence, Pop. 2,310, The compact part of
the town is called Chepachet, which sec,
Gloucester, co, N. J, extenda across the State
from the Atiantic to Delaware river, bounded N,
by BurUngton co. E, by the Atlantic, S. by Cape
May, Cumberland, and Salem countiea, and W.
by Delaware river. Pop, 19,744, Chief towns,
'VVoodbury and Glouceater,
Gloucester, t. Gloucester co, N, J, on the Dela
ware, Sra. below Philadelphia, Pop, 1,726,
Gloucester, co, Va, on the western shore of the

286

GOA

Chesapeake, bounded N. by Piankitank river,
which separates it from Middlesex co. E. by Mat
thews CO. !\nd Chesapeake bay, S, by York river,
which divides it from York co, and W, by King-
and-Queenco, Pop, 10,427, Slaves, 5,798, At
the court-house ia a poat-oflice,
Gloucester, t Glouceater co, Va, on the N, side
of York river, oppoaite Yorktown,
Gloucester House, post in N. Araerica, belonging
to the Hudson's bay corapany, Lon, 86° 59' W.
Lat 51° 24' N,
Glover, t Orleans co, Vt, 33 m, N, N, E, Mont
peUer, Pop, 378,
Glover's Reef, rocks, on the bay of Honduras,
Lon, 88° 2ff W, Lat, 16° N,
Glaydsbarough, p-v. Hampshire co, Va,
Gluchov, t Eu, Russia, in Czernigov, 40 m, E,
S, E, Novgorod Sieverskoi. Lon, 34° 20' 15" E,
Lat 51° 4ff 30" N, Pop, 7,000.
Gluckstadt, t, Denmark, in Holstein, near the
mouth of the Elbe, at the spot where it receives
the Rhu, It is a regular and well built place,
with a harbor. It is of importance to Denmark,
as it commanda, in a considerable degree, the ac
cess to Hamburgh. Pop, 6,200, 28 m. N, W.
Hamburgh, Lon, 9° 20' E, Lat 53° 61' N,
Glurents, t, Tyrol, on the Adige, 36 m, W.
Brixen, Lon, 10° 2ff E, Lat, 46° Sff N,
Glynn, co. Eastern disfrict, of Geo. bounded N.
by the Alatamaha, which separates it from Mac
intosh CO. E. by the Atlantic, S. by Camden co.
aud W. by Wayne co. Pop. 3,417. Slaves,
2,846. Chief town, Brunswick.
Glynrumney, hamlet, Wales, in Glamorgan
shire, on the Ruraney, 14 m. fr. Caerdiff,
Gnadenhutten, p-t. Tuscarawas co. Ohio, on the
Muskingura, 1 1 m. S. New PhUadelphia.
¦ Gnadenthal, a missionary settleraent of the
United Brethren among the Hottentots in S. Af
rica. Pop. 1,377, of whom 466 are communi
cants. Gnasoom, t. kva., on the Irrawuddy river. Lon.
95° 27' E. Lat 21° 54' N.
GnesTia, t Prussian Poland, once the capital of
Great Poland, SO m. E. by N. Posen, 150 W. War
saw, Lon. 17° 42' E. Lat. 52° 2ff N. Pop.
3,500. Goo, district, belonging to the Portuguese, 40
miles long by 20 broad, on the W. coast of India,
between 15° and 16° N. lat
Goa, a celebrated city, and cap. of all the Por
tuguese setUements in India, is on an island about
24 mUes in circumference, at the mouth of the
Mandova river. It in fact consists of two cities :
the old one, which is 8 miles up the river, ia now
almost deserted by the secular Portuguese, it be
ing unhealthy, and the seat of the inquisition.
It however contains many magnificent churches,
and exhibits specimens of architecture superior
to 'any thing attempted by Europeans in other
parta of India. The viceroy and principal inhab
itants reside in the new city, which is at the
mouth of the river within the forts. It possesses
two harbors, one on each side of the island, both
of which are well defended. The towns are also
fortified, but arc of too great an extent to with
stand a aiege, if the enemy were in possession of
the remainder of the island. It still carriea on an
inconsiderable trade with the mother country,
'with China, and the coast of Africa. Pop. of the
city and island, about 20,000, of these, very few
are genuine Portugnefe. Lon, 73° 57' E, Lat,
15° Sff N.

GOG
Goalparah, , t. Bengal, on the S. bank of the
Brahmapootra, near the frontiers of Assam. Con
siderable trade is carried on here with the Assa
mese. Lon. 90° sr E. Lat 26° 8' N.
Goond, mountainous district. Hind, in Gund
wana, intersected by the Mahanuddy river:
G»a/ Island, small ial. R. I. in the harbor of
Newport. See Newport.
Goal Island. See Niagara falls.
Goat Island, ial. near the S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon, 76° 51' E, Lat 17° 53' N,
Goave, Petit, a-p, Hispaniola, with a harbor ca
pable of receiving vesaeb of the largest size safe
frora winds. This town is the ataple to which the
inhabitants of Grand Goave and other placea
send their commodities, 20 m, W, S; W. Leo-
gane, Lon, 73° 37' W. Lat 18° 2ff N.
Gabbi, district, W. Africa, S. of Cape Lopez
Gonsalvo. Gobin, t. France, in Aisne. Here is one ofthe
most celebrated manufo.cture3 of mirrors in Eu
rope. 11 ra. W. Laon, 26 E, Chauny,
Gocauk, t Hind, in Bejypoor, Lon, 75° 6' E.
Lat, 16° 20' N,
Goch, t. Prussian States, on the Nicrs, 6 m, S,
Cleves, Pop. 2,400.
Gochsheim, t Baden, 27 ra, N, N, W, Stut
gard, God's House, League of. See Grisons,
Gad's Mercy, Islands af, smaU islands, in Hud
son's straits, Lon, 73° W, Lat 63° 45' N.
Godalming, t. Eng. in Surry, 34 m. S, W, Lon
don, Lon, 0° Sff W. Lat 51° IT N, Pop.
3,543, Godavery Point, the S, point at the entrance of
the N. branch of Godavery river, Lon, 82° 32'
E, Lat 16° 43' N,
Godavery, r. India, which risea on the E.aide of
the Ghaut mountains, about 70 nules N. £. of
Bombay, and running E. and S. E. 800 miles, fall
into the bay of Bengal, by two mouths, between
16° and 17° N.lat
Gadefroi, fief, Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on the S, aide of the St Lawrence, 3 m. S, W,
Three Rivers.
Godmanchester, v. Eng, 1 m. S. E, Huntingdon.
Godmanchester, t. Huntingdon co. Lower Can
ada, on the St Lawrence, 40 m. S, W, Montreal,
Gadn, t Arabia, onthe Persian gulf, 140 m, W,
Tulfar, Godolphin, small v. Eng, in Cornwall, 5 m. N,
W. Helstone.
Godon, isl. on the coast of Norway, near Sud-
mer. Goclwarah, disti'ict. Hind, in Gujerat, between
21° and 2-2° N. lat on tiie gulf of Cambay. Its
chief town is Gogo.
Goes, or Ter Goes, t Netherlands, in the island
of South Beveland, with a harbor at the E, mouth
of the Scheldt, 10 m. E, Flushing, Lon, 3° 53' 31"
E. Lat 51° 30' Iff' N, Pop, 3,700,
Goff'stown, p-t. Hillsborough co, N. H, ou the
¦VV, side of tile Merrimack, at Amoskeag falls, 15
m. S. Concord, 13 N. N, E, Amherst Pop, 2,000,
At the falls, a bridge is Uirown across the river,
Goggrali, called also the Sa/few and Demiu
different parts of its course, (an, Agoramis,) r,
which risea in the mountaina that divide Hindos
tan from Tibet, and joina the Gangea at Manjee,
It is navigable for large boats to the foot of Uic
hiUa, Gogna, or Agogna, r. Piedmont, which runs in
to the Po, 7 m. S, S, E, Lumello,

G O L
Giso, s-p. Hind, in Gujerat, on the gulf of
Cambay, Lon, 72° 21' E, Lat 21° 41' N,
Gohud, district. Hind, in Agra, on the Chum
bul, between 26° and 27° N, lat G,ohud, the
capital, stands in lat 26° 21' N, and lon, 78°
21' E,
Gajam, province, in the S, E, part of Abyssinia,
Goiana, city, of Brazil, in Itamarca, on the
river Goiana, 3 leaguea above ita mouth, Lon.
3S°lff W, Lat7°3ff S,
Goiaz, a province or capitanata, of Brazil,
bounded E, by Minaa Geraes, W, by Matto Gros
so, and N, by Para, It extends from lat, 6° to 21°
S, Villa Boa is its principal town. It poaseasea
many gold minea, Diamonda alao have been
found iu some parta,
Goisem, t, Ausfria, on the Ischel, 5 m, N, Hall-
stadt Pop, 3,200,
Goifo, t Ausfrian Italy, on the Mincio, 9 m, N,
N, W, Mantua.
Golan, or Gaulan, in Sac, Geog, t. in Bashan,
which the tribe of Manasseh possessed. It gave
name to the province of Gaulanitis, which, ac
cording to Josephus, lay W, of Bashan,
Gokar, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 4 m, W, Hudders
field. Pop, 2,122,
Gakonda, t Pope co, Illinois, on the Ohio, ,
Gokondah, province. Hind, now called Hyde
rabad. It -was formerly celebrated for its dia
mond minea. See Hyderabad.
Gokondah, or Mankul, t. and fort. Hind, in
Hyderabad, It ia strongly fortified, both by na.-
ture and art, and ia considered by the natives im
pregnable, 6 m. fr, the city of Hyderabad, Lon,
78°35'E. Lat 17° IffN.
Gold Coast. See Guinea,
Goldach. See Aach.
Goldap, t East Prussia, 22 m. S. Gumbinneu,
76 E. S, E. Konigsberg,
Goldberg, t. Silesia, on the Katzbach, 11 ra, S,
W, Liegnitz, 12 W, N, W. Jauer, Lon, 15° 63'
E, Lat, 51° 4' N, Pop, 6,000,
Goldengroce, p-v, GreenviUe district, S.C,
Goldingen, or Kuldiga, t. Eu, Ruaaia, in Cour
land, on the Windau, 62 m, W, by N, Mittau.
Lon, 21° 44' E. Lat, 56° 61' N,
Goldlouier, v. Pruasian Saxony, in the foreat of
Thuringia, with 1,0(X) inhabitanta, forraerly era
ployed in raining ; but their mines having become
unproductive, they are now occupied in the raan
ufacture of cotton, 12 ra, N, E, Meinungen.
Goldsborough, p-t, Hancock co. Maine, 40 ra. E,
Castine, 188 N, E, Portiand, Lon. 68° 3' W, Lat,
44° IffN. Pop. 471.
Goletta, the port of Tunis. It has 6 feet wa-
terj and is defended on each side by a castle.
Golgotha, or Calvary, in Sac. Geog. small hiU,
near Jeruaalem, on which Jesos was crucified.
Galinda, amall isl. near the N. coast of Cuba
Lon. 80° 4' W, Lat, 23° 20 N,
GoUach, r. Franconia, which falls into the Tau-
, ber, 5 m, S, W, Aub,
Gollancourt, v. France, in Oise, near Noyou.
Gollen, or Gella, strait of the Baltic, between
Stralsund and the ialand of Rugen,
Golnits, t Upper Hungary, 14 ra, S, E. Kaps-
dorf, Lon, 20° 57' 17" $.. I^at 48° Sff, 27" N,
Pop, 5,000,
Golnow, t. Pomerania, 20 m, N, N, W, Stargard,
14 N, E. Stettin, Lon, 14° 57' E, Lat, 53°
37' N.
Galas, V, Greece, in Magnesia, 2 m. fr, Makri-
nitza.

GOO

297

Golspie, V, ScoUand, in Sutherland.
Gornbin, t. Poland, 11 m, S, Plock,
Gombroon, or Bunder Abbas, s-p, Laristan, in
Persia, on a bay of the gulf of Ormus, It was
formerly the port of Schiras, and of all the south
of Persia, and its trade ia still conaiderable. Lon.
56°12'E. Lat 27° IffN.
Gombs, See Conches,
Gamer, co. Hungary, on the rivers Rima and
Sajoj between the counties of Liptau and Boraod,
Gomer, the capital, is 92 m, N, N, E, Buda, 180
E, by N, Vienna,
Gomera, Velez,or Bedis de Pegnon, (an. BeUs,)
fort. Fez, near the coaat of the Mediterranean.
Gomera, ial, one of the Canariea, 20 miles long,
and 10 wide, 18 ra, S. W, Teneriffe, Lon, 17°
ff W, Lat, 28° ff N, Pop, 7,000,
Gomersall, t, Eng, in Yorkshire, 5 ra. S, E.
Bradford, Pop, 5,002,
Gommem, t, Pruaaian Saxony, 7 m, E. S, E.
Magdeburg, Gomorrah, in Sac, Geog. See Sodom.
Gamut, r. Bengal, which falla into the Megna,
some milea N . of Chandpoor.
Gonove, ial. pn the W. side of St Doiningo, in
the bay ofLcogane; 40 ra, N, W, Port au Prince,
Gonavea, the chief town, haa an excellent har
bour, and a medicinal apring, at which baths are
erected, and an hoapital for aoldiera and aailora,
Lon, 72° Sff 45" W, Lat 19° 27' N,
Gondar, cap. of Abyaainia, in Africa, contain
ing in tirae of^peace 10,000 farailies. The houaes
are only of one atory, built of clay, with the roofs
thatched in the form of cones. It is now in tbe
hands of the GaUa. Lon, 37° 40' E, Lat, 12°
SffN. Gondrecourt, t, France, 21 m, S, S, E, Bar le.
Due, 9 S, W. Vancouleura,
Ganieh, t. A. Turkey, in Guriel, on the Black
sea, S, ofthe Phasis, 80 m, E, N, E, Trebisond,,
Gonnesse, t. France, 9 m. N, Paris,
GanneviUe, r. France, La Manche, 20 m, N, by
E, Coutances,
Ganong Api, one ofthe smaller Banda islands^
Gorumg Mello Boy, or Tominie, large bay, Loh.
ofthe entrance 124° E, LatO° 12' S,
Gonong Telia, Celebes, on the bay of Gonong
Tello, 'The inhabitants are mostly Malays, who
export gold, tortoise shell, &c. and import arras,
gunpowder and cutlery, Lon, 123° E, Lat, 0°
2ff N,
Goober, See Guber.
Goochland, co, Va, on the N. side of Jamea riv
er, inclosed|j)y Louisa, Hanover, Henrico, Pon'-
hatan, and Fluvanna countiea. Pop, 10,203.
Slavea, 5,464. At the court-house is a post-office,
32 m, N. W, Richmond,
Good Fortune, or Para, isl. Hear the W. coast
of Sumatra. Lon. 98° 3ff E. Lat, 1° 5' S,
Goad Hope, or Hope Island, isl, in the S, Pacific.
Lon. 174°5ffE. Lat 16° S.
Good Hope. See Cape af Good Hope.
Goad Woman River, sm-all r. which falls into
the Missouri from the S. 190 m. above its raouth.
Good's /s/and, ial. New-Holland in Torres. ¦strait,
Lon. 142° Iff E. Lat. 10° 32' S.
Goodingary, t. India, in TinneveUy, on the sc'd
coast, opposite Ceylon. Lon. 78° ff E. Lat. 8°
2ffN. Goodwin Sands, a range of sand banks in tlie
English channel, off the coast of Kent, They ex
tend 10 railes from opposite Ramsgate to oppnsiU-
Kingsdown,

288

GO R

Ghodwinsville,p-v, Dinwiddie co, Va,
Goalgunge, t Hind, in AUahabad, Lon, 85° 38'
E, Lat 24° 26'N,
Goalpussera, t Hind, in, Nepaul, Lon, 86° 10'
E, Lat 27° 1' N,
Goamah, t. Hind, in Bahar, Lon, 86° 20' E,
Lat, 24° 24' N,
Goomsur, t. Hind, at the N, W, extreraity of the
Northern Circars, Lon, 84° 65' E. Lat. 19°
53' N,
Goomty, r. Hind, which falls into the Gangea
about 14 m, below Benarea, It ia navigable for
boata aa high aa Lucknow,
Goonee, r. Hind, in Sinde, which unites with
the Loonee, and the Indus.
Goor, range of lofty mountains in Persia, divid
ing Khorassan from Cabul,
Goorackpoar, district. Hind, iu Oude, on the
N, side of the Goora river, between 26° and
28° N. Lat It was ceded in 1801 to the Britiah,
Goorackpoor, the capital, ia on the Boora Rapty
river. It ia the residence of the civil eatablish-
ment of the disbiict Lon, 83° 22' E, Lat 26°
45' N,
Goose creek, r. Va, which falla into the Potomac
1 m, S. E. Thorpe, in Fairfax co.
Goose Island, i.sl, in the river St. Lawrence,
about-12 m. below the ialand of Orleans,
Goose Island, sraall isl, offthe S. coast of New-
Holland, Lon, 123° ff SO" E, Lat 34° 6' 23" S,
Gooseberry Island, and rocks, on the coast of
Cape Ann, Mass, which have occasioned the loss
of raany vessels and lives.
Goose pond, or Strongs, p-v. Oglethorpe co,
Geo, Gooseberry Islands, small islands, near the E,
coast of Newfoundland, 24 ra, N, W, Cape Bona
vista, Gopaniow, t. Hind, in Oude, on the river Goom
ty, Lon, 80° 25' E, Lat 27° 29' N,
Gapla, lake, Prussian Poland, 22 miles long and
2 broad, 24 m. W, Brzesc,
Goppingen, t. Suabia, 20 ra, N, W, Uira, 22 E,-
S. E, Stu^ard, Pop, 4,300.
Garam, small ial. E. by N. from Banda. Lon.
121° 36' E. Lat 3° 42' S.
Gorbals of Glasgow, v. Scotland, opposite Glsia-
gow, on the Clyde.
Gorbatoff, t Eu. Ruasia, 40 m. W. Nizuei-Nov-
gorod. Garcdh, or Ghoorca, diat Hind, in Nepaul.
Gorcah, the capital, is in lon. 84° Sff E. lat. 28°
26' N.
Gorcum, or Gorinchen, fortifled t S. Holland,
on the Merwe, with a harbour, 12 m. E. Dort, 30
S. Amaterdara.
Garda, Punta, cape on the S. coaat of Cuba.
Lon. 82° 52' W.
Gardes, t France, 9ra. N. E. of Cavaillon. Pop.
2,460. Gordon, t France, in Lot, 20 ra, N, Cahors,
Lon, 1° 2ff E, Lat, 44° 44' N, Pop, 3,700,
Gordon'^ Ferry, p-v. Hickman co. 'Ten,
Gordonsvilk, p-v. Orange co, Va, SpringhiU
academy, a respectable institution, is 2 miles from
thia place.
Gore, Point, on theN, W. coast of America,
Lat"^ 49° 2ff N,
Gore's Island, isl, in Uie Pacific, Lon, 172° Sff
W, Lat, 60° 40' N, ,
Goree, isl. Holland, near the mouth of the
Macs-p-

GOS
Goree, or Goedereede, t, S, Holland, pn the isl
and of Goree, 6 m,W, Helvoetsluys,
Goree, isl, Brazil, at the mouth of the Rio dos
Reyes Magoa, Lat 19° 10' S,
Goree, ial, or rather rock, offthe coast of Africa,
a mile from the S, ahore of the promontory which
forma Cape Verd, It is important as a military
poaition, and the French have raade it the bul
wark of their poaaesaions in Africa, At the foot of
the rock ia the town of Goree, containing about
5,000 inliabitants.
Gorey. See Newborough.
Gargona, small ial. in the Pacific, off the coast
of Peru. Lat 3° 2'N.
Gargona, Isola di, smaU isl. in the Tuscan sea,
30 m. W. by S. Leghorn. Lon. 9° 23' E. Lat 43°
22' N.
Gargona La. See Margaritla.
Gorgue, t. France, on the Lys, 12 ra, W, LiUe,
Pop, 3,000.
Gorham, p-t, Curaberland co, Maine, 9 m, N,
W, Portland, Pop. 2,632,
Gorham, p-t, Ontario co, N. Y. 8 m. E. Canan.
daigua, 10 W. Geneva. Pop. 2,392.
Goritz, or Gors, a circle ofthe new kingdom of
Illyria, in the Austrian empfre. Extent, 974 aq.
miles. Pop. 116,000. Goritz, the capital, ia on
the Isonzo, 20 ra. N. N. W. Trieste. Lon. 13° 28'
45" E. Lat 46° 57' Sff' N. Pop. 9,000.
Goritza, t. in the north of Greece, on the aite of
the ancient Deraetrias, 3 m. E, of the castle of
Volo, Garlilz, t. Prussian states, in Lusatia, on the
Neisse, noted for its wooUeu manufactures. It
contains 6 churches, 60 m. E, of Dresden, 68 N.
Prague, Lon, 15° 31' E, Lat 51° 9' N, Pop,
8,600, Gorochomis, t, Eu, Russia, 72 ra. E. Vladimir.
Lon. 42° 34' E. Lat. 56° Iff N.
Garodischtje, t Eu. Russia, in Niznei-Novgorod.
Pop. 6,000.
Gorodischtje, t. Russia, on the Dnieper, 112 m,
S, E, Kiev, Lon, 32° 64' E. Lat 49° N.
Gorodischtje t. Russia, 32 m. E, S. E. Penza,
Lon, 46° 34' E, Lat 63° 2ff N, Pop, 3,600,
Goran, t, France, 9 m. N, W, Mayenne.
Gorsa, a smaU isl. near the S. coast of Cuba
Lon. 81° 26' W.
Gort, V, Ireland, 16 m, S, S, E. Galway.
Gorsagna, t Piedmont, ou the Bormida, 13 m,
S, E. Alba, Lon, S° 17' E. Lat. 44° Sff N.
Gorze, t. France, in MoseUe, 7 m. S. W. Metz,
Lon. 6° HE. Lat 49° ffN.
Gosfidd, t Esseji: co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Erie. Goshen, in Sac. Geog. a country of Egypt, in
which the Israelites dwelt 430 years. It com-
priaed the E. part of Middle and Lower Egypt,
extending to Palestine and Arabia. It is also Oie
name of a town and country of Palestine, in the
hill-country of Judah.
Goshen, t Cheshire co. N. H, 27 ra, W. Concord.
Pop. 563.
Goshen, t Addiaon co, Vt 31 m. S. W, Montpe
Uer, Pop, 86,
Goshen, p-t Hampahire co, Mass. 12 m, N, W.
Northampton, 112 W.Boston, Pop, 652,
Goshen, p-t Litchfield co, Ct 6 m, N, W, Litch
field, 32 W, Hartford, Pop, 1,641, It is famous
for its cheese,
Goshen, p-t Orange co, N. Y, 20 m, W, West-
point, 63 N, New- York, Pop, 3,156. The courts

GOT
of the county are held alternately here and at
Newburg, Goshen village is pleasantly situated,
and contains the court-houae aud jail, a bank, an
acaderay, and 2 or 3 printing offices.
Goshen, t Chester co. Pa, Pop. 1,273,
Gashen, p-v, Loudon co, Va, 35 ra, fr, Washing
ton, Goshen, p-t Lincoln co. Geo, a little W, of Sa
vannah river,
Goshen, t. Belraont co. Ohio, 10 m. S. W. St,
ClairsviUe, Pop, in 1819, 1,110,
Goshen, t Clermont co. Ohio, on the Littie Mi
arai, 18 m, N, W, WiUiamsburg. Pop, in 1815, 80,
Goshen, t. Columbiana co, Ohio,
Goshen, t Tuacarawaa co. Ohio, in which ia
New-Philadelphia, the capital of the county,
Goshen, t Champaign co, Ohio, Pop, in 1815,
400, Gbshen, t. St Clair co, lUinoia, Pop, 1,725,
Goshen hill, p-v, Spartanburg co, S, C,
Goslar, t. Hanover, in the principality of Hil
desheim, on the Gosse, near the Ocker, and at the
foot ofthe mountain called Ramolsberg, The in
habitants are chiefly. Lutherans, and their chief
employment is mining and brewing. It was for
merly a free imperial town, 28 m. S, Brunswick,
25 S. Wolfenbuttel. Lon. 10° 3 I'E. Lat 61° 53'
N. Pop. 5,700.
Gosport, t. Eng, in Hampshire, on a projecting
point of land at the W, side of the entrance to
Portsmouth harbourn Being in the immediate vi
cinity of the great naval rendezvous of the king-
domj it has risen to be a town of iraportance. Nu
merous government works have beeu established
here for supplying the wants of the navy, exten
sive barracks also for the accommodation of the
railitary. Here are iramense magazinea of pow
der, an extensive iron foundery for the raanufac
ture of anchors ; and Haslar royal hospital for
sick and wounded seamen, a raagnificent building,
capable of accommodating 2,000 patients. There
is a missionary seminary at Gosport, in which
many of the missionaries of the London society
are educated. The number of students in 1819
waa 21. Pop. 7,788. 1 mUe N. W. Portsmouth,
Lon.l°7'W. Lat, 50° 47' N,
Gosport, t N. H. See Isks of Shook,
Gossau, t Switz. 7 m. W. St Gall.
Gosselies, v. Netherlands, in Hainault, 6,ra, N,
Charleroi. Gostadt, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirge, 8 ra, S, Wol-
kenstein. Lon, 13° Z E. Lat 50° 26' N,
Gastinin, t. Poland, .14 m, S, W, Plock,
Gotha, t. Germany, cap, of the duchy of Saxe-
Gotha, is on the Leine, In the castle where the
duke resides, ia depoaited a valuable library, con
taining 60,0()0 printed volumes. Here ia alao an
arsenal and an extensive cabinet of natural histo
ry, artificial curiosities, and medals. Attached to
this cabinet is a numesmatic library, containing
upwards of 6,000 scarce and valuable works on
eoins. A considerable tralfic takes place between
Leipzic and the rest of Germanv through the rae-
diura of this town; 31 m. W- 'Weiraar, 78 W. S,
W. Leipzic, Lon. 10° 42' 53" E, Lat 50° 57" N.
Pop. 11,500,
Gotha, Saxe, a duchy of Gerraany, coraposed of
the principality of Gotha, the greatest part of the
principality of Altenburg,, and a part of the former
county of Henneberg, It containa 1,200 aq, miles,
and 185,682 inhabitants. The form of government
is by no means absolute. The executive power
rests with the duke and his privy council, but a
37

GOT

289

diet is held once in four years, consisting of depu
ties from the landed proprietors and inhabitants of
towns. This state is one of the merabers of the
Germanic confederation, and has a vote at the di
et of Frankfort, The inhabitanta are in general
Lutherans. Gatha-Elf, r. in the S. W, of Sweden, which
forraa the outlet of Lake Wener, and falls into the
Cattegat by two mouths near Gottenburg, Ithas
been made navigable by locks and canals to Lake
Wener, and it ia the intention of the Swedish gov
ernment to prolong this line of navigation by the
Wetter and other lakes, aud thereby form a di
rect communication between the German ocean
and the Baltic, passing through the centre of the
kingdom, Clara Elf is the narae of a river which
falls into Lake Wener on the N, side,
Gothland, forraerly the narae of the southern
and most fertile division of Sweden, comprising
nearly aU the country below Uie paraUel of 59°
N. lat. It was divided into East, West and South
Gothland. It has been recently divided into prov
inces. Its extent was about 40,000 sq. miles.
Pop. 1,500,000,
Gothland, or Gottland, isl. of the Baltic, near
the S, E. coast of Sweden, and belonging to that
crown. It produces corn, and haa excellent pas
turage. Here are also extensive woods of oak
and pine. The fisheries on the coast are produc
tive, and prosecuted with activity. Pop, 33,000.
Wisby ia the capital, Lon. 18° 6' to 19° 6' E,
Lat. 56° 64' to 67° 56' N.
Gotta, or Gotta Islands, islands near Japan, Lat,
32° 34' 50" N, Lon. 231° Iff E,
Gottalengo, t Austrian Italy, 17 m, S. Brescia,
Gottenburg, a large and thriving t in the S, W,
of Sweden, near the mouth of the Gotha-Elf, in a
marshy plain, aurrounded by precipitoua ridges of
naked rocka. The harbour ia the raost conven
iently aituated for foreign trade in Sweden, As
a coramercial and manufacturing town, Gotten
burg ranks next to Stockholn^. It is the seat
of the Swedish East India company, which was
erected in 1731, and has the exclusive privilege
of importing Eaat India coramoditiea into the king
dom. The fortificationa of the town have been
lately demoUahed ; 40 m. S. of Uddevalla, Lon,
11° 57' E. Lat, 57° 42' N, Pop. 24,000,
Gottesberg, t. SUesia, 26 m. N, W, Glatz, Lon,
16° 54' E. Lat 50° 35' N. Pop, 2,100,
Gottesgal, t. Bohemia, 24 ra, N, N. E, Elnbogen,
Lon, 12° 54° E, Lat 50° 22' N,
Gottingen, a province in the south of Hanover,
bounded by Brunswick, Hildesheim, the Prussian
statea, an# Hease-Caasel. It was conatituted a
province in 1816, and includes several distinct
tracts of country, viz, the quarter of Gottingen,
the principality of Grubenhagen, Elbingeroda,
Hohenstein, the bailiwicks of Please, and Gleichen,
with the small portion ofthe Eichsfeld, ceded by
Prussia, Extent, 1,225 sq, railes. Pop, 176,000,
chiefly Lutherana,
Gottingen, t Hanover, and cap, of the province
of Gottingen. It atanda in a pleasant valley on a
canal branching frora the Leine. Its chief title to
notice arises from its celebrated university founded
by George II, in 1734, It is on a very comprehen
sive plan, embracing the four faculties of divini
ty, philosophy, law and medicine. The number
of profesaors is not fixed, but in general exceeds
40. In 1818 they were as follow : — 3 of Theolo
gy; 7 of medicine, surgery, chemistry and bota
ny; 7 of la-iv, viz, Roman, German, ecclesias-

290

GOV

tjcal, &c, ; 5 of Classics and Oriental languages ;
4 of history, ancient and raodern, statistics and
history of literature ; 2 of mathematica, logic and
metaphysics ; 4 of astronomy, experimental phi
losophy, and mineralogy; 3 of modern languages
and literature. These are the regular and daily
lecturers, but there are alao 7 professors who give
extraordinary lectures. There is a class for po-
iitical economy ; and for theology there are, in
addition to the 3 chairs, a seminary for preachers,
a pastoral inatitute, and a divinity college. In
1751, an academy of aciences was established here,
to which the scientific world is indebted for many
Valuable improvements and discoveries. It was
re-organised in 1770, and now consiata of 3 claaaes,
the mathematical, physical, and historical. The
professors, as in the other German universities,
are rauch in the habit of publishing : Mosheim,
Michaelis, Heynes, Burger, were all of Gottin
gen ; also Eichhorn, so well known for his history
of literature, Blumenbach and Villers. The num
ber of students here is greater than in any other
German university. It varies frora 1 ,000 to 1,200,
Attached to the university are 1 40 bursaries, or
free boards for the poorer students. But the great
attraction ofthe univeraity ia ita library, founded
by George 11. and conaiating in a larger proportion
than the great repositories of England or France,
of modern and useful books. The number of vol
uraes amounts to about 200,000, This library has
two cataloguea, one alphabetical, the other claaa-
ed; both are in manuacript, and the latter ia a
compilation of great labour and extent. The reg
ular funda for the purchase of books are about
800/ aterling a year. Gottingen is the occasion
al resort of young Englishmen, and no place is
better adapted for the purpose of education.
There are in Gottingen four Lutheran and two
Calvinist churches ; also a Catholic chapel. .\
serious difference took place between the students
and the inhabitants of the town in October 1818 ;
the Hanoverian government took part with the
latter, and though some diminution took place in
the number of students, it was considered as only
temporary ; 21 in. N. E. Cassel, and 51° E. S. E.
Paderbom. Lon. 9° 56' 15" E. Lat 51° 31' 54" N.
Pop. 9,500.
Gottingen, s-p. Sweden, on the bordera of West
Gothland, 28 ra. S. W. Stockholm, and 164 N.
Copenhagen. Gottliebcn, t. Switz. on the Rhine, where that
river enters the lake of Constance, 3 m. S. W.
^Constance. Gotta, country, Central Africa, S. of the Ni
ger, between Bambarra and Tombuctoo. The
capital is Moossedoo, ,
Gotiorp, castle, Denmark, on an island in the
river Sley, 2 m. N. W. Sleswick.
Govan, parish, Scotland, It includes the sub
urbs of Glasgow, Pop. in 1801, 6,701; in 1811,
11,581, — The viUage of Govan is on the S, bank
of the Clyde, 24 m. below Glasgow.
Gouda, or Ter Gouw, t. Soutii Holland, on the
Jssel, It has large manufactures, partly of porce
lain, but more of tobacco pipes. These employ
more than one-third of ita population. It has also
a comraodious port on the lasel, and a brisk trade.
The church of St John the Baptist, at Gouda, is
¦one of the handaomest and largest in the country,
9 m, N, E, Rotterdam, 22 S, Amsterdam, Lon, 4°
4Z E. Lat, 51° 59' N. Pop, 12,000,
Govemador, r. Florida, which runa into Pema-
(56la bay, Lon, 87° 4' W, Lat, 30° Sff N,

GRA
Govemeh, t, Auafrian Italy, on the Mincio, 12
m, S, E, Mantua,
Governor's Island, amall isl. Mass, 2 m. E, Bos
ton, On thia ialand is Fort Warren, which defends
the entrance of the harbor.
Gouffre, Riviere du, considerable r. Lower Can
ada, which falls into the St. Lawrence from the
N. in St Paul's bay.
Gour, or Gour, or Lucknowty, a very ancient
Hindoo city, and from 1204 to 1564, A. D. the
cap, of Bengal, under the Afghan dynasties. The
ruins of thia celebrated place atill exiat to the S.
of Malda, and on the E. aide of the Ganges, It
has been supposed to be the Gangia Regio of Ptol
emy, and the space covered by its ruins ia 15 miles
long, and from 2 to 3 broad. Lon. 88° E, Lat.
24° 55' N.
Gourdon, See Gordon,
Gourin, t France, 26 m. W. N. W. Pontivy,
Pop. 3,700.
Goumay, t France, 24 m. E. Rouen. Pop.
2,550. Gourock, t. Scotland, in Renfrew, on the frith
of Clyde, 3 m. W. Greenock.
Gouverneur, t. St Lawrence co. N. Y. 20 m. S.
Ogdensburg, 192 N, W- Albany, Pop, 22a
Gower. See Glamorgan.
Gower, t GrenviUe co. Up. Canada.
Gower' s Harbor, called also Praslin bay, and
St. George's bay. New Ireland, 5 m. N. cape St
George. Lon. 150° 4ff E. L^t. 4° Sff S.
Gower's Island, or Inattendue, ial. in the East
em aeas. Lon. 158° 56' E, Lat 7° 56' S,
Gowhatty, t. and cap. of Lower Assam, Lon.
91° 4ff E. Lat 26° IffN.
Goyono. See Goiana.
Goz, or Gazen, s-p. Morocco, near Mogodor.
Gosan, in Sac. Geog, country, in Uie N. part of
Mesopotamia. Gosso, isl. in the Mediterranean, a UtUe iV. W.
of Malta, to which it belongs, ¦ Extent, 37 sq,
mUes, Pop. 13,000.
Gosso, or Gafda, (an. Clauda,) isl. near Can
dia. Lon. 23° 46' E. Lat 34° 48' .\.
Graaf Reynet, the raost eastern disfrict in the
territory of the Cape of Good Hope, extending
frora Stellenhosch and Drakenstein to Kaffreland.
Extent, 40,000 sq. mUes. Pop. 4,262 Christians,
964 slaves, and 8,947 HottentoU.
Graben. See Dettenheim.
Grabow, t Mecklenbei-g-Sohwerin, on the small
river Elde, 70 m. E. by S. Hamburgh. Lon. 11'
44' E. Lat. 53° 23' N. Pop. 2,350.
Grabusa, small isl. in the Mediterranean, about
5 m. from the N. W. point of Candia. Lon. 23°
33' E. Lat. 35° 4ff N.
Groceham, p-v. Frederick co. Md.
Grach, v. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, onthe ,Moselle, 23 ra, N, Treves,
G racias a Dios, citv, of Honduras, 140 m, E.
Guatimala, Lon, 90° 6' W. Lat, 14° Sff N,
Gracias a Dios, Cape, on the coast of Hondu*
ras, Lon, 82° 4ff W, Lat 15° N,
Gradiska, Old, t Austrian empire, in Sclavo
nia, at the confluence of the Struga and the Save,
9 m, N, E, Berbir,
Gradiska, or Berbir, strong fort, Eu, Turkey,
at the junction of the Vfrbas with the Save, op
posite Old Gradiska, 22 m, N, E, Banjaluka,
Grado, isl, in the gulf of Venice, on the coast of
Friuli, 19 ra. W. Trieste,
Grafton, Cape, cape, on the coast of New Hol
land. Lon, 214° 6' W, Lat 16° 57' S,

GRA
Grafton, co. N . H, bounded N, by Coos co, E.
by Strafford co. S, by Cheshire and HiUsborough
counties, and W, by Connecticut river which
separatea it from Vermont, Pop, 28,462, Chief
towna, Haverhill, and Plymouth,
Grafton, t. Grafton co, N, H, 30 m, N. W, Con
cord, Pop. 931,
Grafton, p-t Windham co, Vt, 22 m, S, Wind
sor, Pop, 1,365,
Grafton, p-t, Worceater co. Mass, 8 m. S, E.
Worcester, Pop, 946,
Grafton, t. Rensselaer co. N, Y. 17 ra, N, E,
Albany, 11 E. Troy. Pop. 1,410.
Grafton Island, Uie most norUierly of the Ba
shee ialanda. Lon. 239° W, Lat 21° 4' N.
•Gn^nana, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra,
13 ra, W, by N, Salerno. Pop, 5,100,
Grohamston, v. ScoUand, in Stirlingshire,
Graham's store, p-v. Albemarle co, Va.
Grajero Paint, the W. point at the entrance of
Todos Santos, on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat 31° 43' N.
Grain Coast. See Guinea.
Graine, Isk af, amall isl. Eng. at the mouth
of the Thames, 2 m. N. W. Sheemess.
Graisse, River a la, amall r. Up. Canada, which
falls into the Grand or Ottawa river, just before
the latter falls into the St. Lawrence.
Graitney, or Gretna Green, v. Scotland, near
the EngUsh frontier, famoua in the annals of mat
rimonial adventure for the marriage of fugitive
lovera from England, which are generaUy cele
brated here. Pop. 1,749.
Graitz, Greits, or Grewilz, t. Saxony, on the
Elater, 10 ra. N. N. E. Plauen, 12 S, W. Zwickau,
Lon, 12° Iff E. Lat 50° 35' N. Pop. 6,200.
Gramat, t France, 20 ra. E, by N, Gordon.
Grambausa, araall isl, Asia Minor, E, of Cape
Khelidonia, Lon, 30° 30' E, Lat 36° 14' N,
Grammont, or Geersberghe, t. Netherlands, on
the Dender, 21 m, W, S, W, Brussels, Pop,
6,000, Grampian Mountains, a chain of mountains in
Scotland, which, stretching Uke a mighty wall,
along the southern front of the highlands, extends
acrosa the ialand from Argyleshire on the Atlantic,
to Aberdeenshire, on the German ocean ; and
then forming another ridge in a N, W, direction,
extends to the county of Moray, and the bordera
of Inverneaa,
, Grampound, t, and borough, Eng. in CornwaU.
R sends 2 members to parliament. Pop. 600, 37
S, W, Launceston,
Gran, CO, Hungary, Extent, 406 sq. miles. Pop.
47,000. Gran, or Esztergom, the capital, is at
the conflux of the Danube and the Gran. Pop.
' 6,000. It is the seat of an archbishop, who is
primate of Hungary. SO m. N. W. Buda, 75 S.
E. Presburg. Lon. 18° 50' E. Lat. 47° 40' N.
Gron, r. H'angary, which risea in the palatinate
of Gomer, and flows into the Danube, opposite
Gran. Gran Sasso, mt Naplea, the highest of the Ap
penines. Ita elevation ia 8,250 feet.
Granada, an extensive maritirae province, in
the S. of Spain, nearly 200 railea long, and from
40 to 70 broad. It still bears the titie of a king
dom, and is soraetimes called Upper Andalusia.
The Viga de Granada, v/here the capital is situ
ated, is one of the richest and most delightful
spots in the world. There are Martello towers
erected on certain parts ofthe coaat, as a defeiice
againstthe Barbary corsairs. Pop. 661,661. .

GRA

29 i

Granada, a celebrated city, Spain, cap. of the
province of Granada. The situation is highly ro
raantic, partiy onhilla, partly on level ground. The
streets are narrow and irregular, and the buildings
display visible raarks of decay. The cathedral, and
the archbishop's palace, are splendid buildings.
But the grand ornament of Granada ia the Al
hambra, the palace of the aijcient Moorish Icings :
the buildinga are very extenaive, and forra more
properly a citadel than a palace. — Granada fell
into the possession of the Moors, soon after their
first invasion of Spain in 711 ; it became a royal
residence in 1013, attained ita greatest prosperity
inthe 12th and ISth centuries, and finally surren
dered to the Spaniards in 1 492, The manufactures
are silk and woollen goods, leather, saltpetre, and
gunpowder, Granada ia the aeat of a great cen
tral court of justice for the south of Spain, and of
a university. 123 m. E. SeviUe, 224 S, Malaga,
Lon, 3° 4ff E. Lat, 37° Iff N, Pop. 52,000,
Granada, city, Nicaragua, 48 m, S. S. E. Leon,
Lon, 87° 4ff W, Lat 10° 12' N,
Granard, t. Ireland, in Longford, 11 m. N, E,
Longford, Granby, t. Bedford and Richelieu counties,
Lower Canada,
Granby, t. Esaex co, Vt. 47 ra. N. E, Montpe
Uer, Pop. 120,
Granby, t. Harapahire co. Mass, 9 m, S. E,
Northampton, 90 W, Boaton. Pop. 850,
Gronby, p-t Hartford co, Ct 17 m, N, N. W,
Hartford, Pop, 2,696, A copper raine waa for
merly wrought here. It is now used for the State
prison, called Newgate,
Granby, t, Oswego co, N, Y, on Oswego river,
Granby, p-t. Lexington co. S, C. at the head of
navigation on the Congaree, 2 ra. below Columbia.
At this iilace, a bridge is thrown across the river.
Grand Anse, or Jeremie, t. Hispaniola. Lon.
74° 6' W. Lat 18° 15'N.
Grand Bassam, t. Ivory coast of Guinea. Lon.
4° 15' W. Lat 6° 25' N,
Grand Bay, on the S, W, coast of Newfound
land, a little S, of Cape Ray, >
Grond-Bourg-ScUagnac, t, France, in La
Creuse, 14 ra. W. Gueret Pop, 2,600.
Grand Champ, t. France, 8 ra. N, N. W, Van
nes. Pop, 4,150,
Grandfalhers, mountains, in the S. E, part of
Tennessee, in which are the head waters of the
Frenchbroad and Catabaw rivers.
Grand isk, co. Vt, comprises the peninsula of
Alburg, and several ialands in lake Charaplain,
Pop, 3,445, Chief town, North-hero.
Grand Isle, isl. at the E. end of lake- Ontario,
opposite to Kingston, (Up. Canada.).
Grand Isle, large ial. N, Y. in Niagara river. It
commences 3 m. below Black Rock, and termi
nates IJ above the falls. It is 12 railes long, and
frora 2 to 7 broad, and contains 48,000 acres. The
land is well wooded, and capable of cultivation.
This ialand is the property of the State, and con
stitutes part of the fund for defraying the expenses
of the Canal,
Grand, or ChilniKOok Lake, Maine, the source
of St. Croix river. It is 30 milea long, and about
5 broad. Grand Luce, t. France, in Sarthe, 11 m.N.
Ch-ateau du Loir,
Grand Manan, isl, off the coast of Maine, 6 m,
S, E. Campo Bello island, and opposite to Paasami^-
quoddy bay, Lon. 66° 43' W, Lat 44° 4ff N-
Grandon. See Fairport.

292

GRA

Grand pre, seigniory, St Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on Lake St, Peter, 18 m, W, Three-Riv
ers. Grand, or Geauga river, r. Ohio, which runs into
Lake Erie 3 m, below Painesville,
Grand river,r. Michigan Territory, which entera
the E, aide of Lake Michigan, Its mouth is aaid
to afford a good harbour.
Grand river, t. Howard co. Miaaouri,
Grand river, r. N, America, which ffowa into
the Missouri frora the N. 240 ra. from its mouth.
It is navigable for boats 600 miles.
Grand river. See Ouse.
Grand river. See Ottowas.
le Grand Ruisseau, small r. Lower Canada
which falls into the St, Lawrence, about 40-m, be
low the island of Orleans,
Grand sable, an immense hill of sand, very
steep and lofty, extending aeveral milea along the
S, shore of Lake Superior.
Grand traverse, islands in Lake Michigan, ex
tending across the mouth of Green Bay. They
afford some tolerable harbours. Several of the
channels between them have suflicient depth o
water to admit schooners of 200 tons burthen.
Grand mew,t. Washington co. Ohio, 16 m, N, E,
Marietta, Pop, 463.
Grandville, p-v, Monongalia co. Va,
Grande, Rio, i. Brazil, which fiills into Uie sea
in lat 16° 20' S. near Porto Seguro.
Grande, r. Zanguebar, E. Africa, which falls
intothe Indian ocean, about lat. 2° S.
Grande Marais, i . N. W. Territory, which falls
into Lake Superior on the S. shore, E. of the pen
inaula of Shagomigon.
Grande Rio, r. W. Africa, falls into the AUantic
200 m. S. of the Garabia, in lat 11° N. Length
500 miles.
Grandlieu, t. France, 11 m. S. W. Nantes. Pop.
2,100. Grandola, t. Portugal, 27 m. S. E. Setuval,
Grandvilliers, t. Picardy, 17 m. N. N, W, Beau
vais, Lon. 2° 2' E. Lat, 49° Sff N.
Grange, La, cape on the N. coast of Hispanio
la, 14 leagues E, by N, Cape Francois, Lon. 72°
3ff W, Lat, 19° 54' SO" N.
Grangemouth, v. Scotland, in Stirling, Its port
is frequented by veasels from the Baltic, Norway,
and Sweden, 3 m. E. by N, Falkirk. Pop. 800.
Granger, t. Columbia co. N, Y, 12 ra. S. E,
•Hudson. Pop. 2,614.
Granger, co. East Tennessee, on Clinch river,
which separates it frora Clairborne co. Pop, 6,397,
Slaves, 537, Chieftown, Rutledge,
Granger, p-t. Cuyahoga co, Ohio, on Lalte Erie,
at the raouth of Rocky river, 7 m, W, Cleve
land, Granja, La. See St. Ildefonso.
Granitza, t Eu, Turkey, between Livadia and
Thebes. Grannsee, t. Middle Mark of Brandenburg, 34
m. N, N, W, Berlin,
Gronsan, or Gramee, t. Swiss canton of the
Vaud, on the lake of Neufchatel, 6 m, S, W, Neuf
chatel, Pop,2,150,
Grant, co, Kentucky.
Granta, r. Eng, which unites above Cambridge
with a streara from Bedfordshire, to form the
Cam, Granlhnm, t, and borough, Eng, in Lincolnshire,
on the Witham, 30 m, S, Lincoln, 110 N. by W,
London, Lon, 0° Sff W, Lat, 52° 55' N. Pop,
3,64j6. ^

GRA
Grantham, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on St, Francia river, 25 ra, S. Three-Rivers,
Grantham, t Lincoln co. Up, Canada, on Lake
Ontario, Grontown, v, Scotland, in Morayahirc, on the
great road to Inverness, 304 m. S, E, Fort George,
Grontslick, p-v, Campbell co. Ken,
Grantsville, p-v. Green co, Geo.
Granville, a-p. France, in La Manche, 12 m, N,
W. Avranches, 13 S, S, W, Coutances. Lou. 1°
35' W. Lat, 48° 6ff N, Pop, 5,500,
GranviUe, t, Annapolis co. Nova Scotia, on flie
bay of Fundy at the mouth of AnuapoUa river.
GranviUe, seigniory, ComwalUs co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side ofthe St Lawrence, 80 m.
N. E. Quebec.
GranviUe, and Lachenaye, seigniory, Comwal
Us CO. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St
Lawrence, 87 ra. N. E. Quebec.
GranviUe, p-t. Hampden co. Mass. 14 m. W. S.
W. Springfield. Pop. 1,504.
Granville, p-t Washington co. N. Y. 12 m. S, E.
Whitehall, 60 N, E. Albany, Pop. 3,717. It
contains 3 villages, an academy, and 6 churches.
It is watered by Pawlet and Indian rivers, on
which are raany raUls, In this town is a quarry
of goodmi.r'^le. GranviUe, p-t. Licking co. Ohio, 27 m. N. E,
Columbus, 32 W. ZanesviUe, Lon. 80° 45' W.
Lat.40°6'N, Ithasabank. Here is also a furnace,
Granvilk millSf p-v. Charles city co. Va.
Grao, s-p. Spain, at the mouth of the Guadal
aviar. It is the port of Valencia.
Graselitz, t. Bohemia, 19 m. N. E. Eger. Lon.
12° SO' E. Lat 50° 18' N.
Grass, r, St, Lawrence, co, N, Y,which runs in
to the St. La'wrence, opposite St Regis island, af.
ter a course of 125 miles. In Canton, it is connec
ted by a natural canal with the Oswegatchie.
Grasse, t. France, in Var, 19 ra. W, S, W, Nice,
Lon. 6° 65' E. Lat 43° 39' N, Pop, 12,500,
Grasty's store, p-v, Pittayl'rania co, Va.
Gratiosa, isl, one of the Azorea, about 20 milea
in circumference. The chieftown is Santa Cruz,
Lon. 27° Sff W, Lat 39° 2' N,
Gratiot. See Fort Gratiot.
Gratis, t. Preble co. Ohio.
Gratz, city, Germany, Inner Ausfria, in the
circle of Gratz, on the Muhr. Itis the see of a
bishop, and was formerly the seat of a university.
It haa 22 churchea and chapels. 66 ra. N. N. E,
Cilley, 100 S, W. Vienna, Lon, 15° 2ff E, Lat
47° 4' N. Pop, 40,000,
Gratz, one of the circles into which tile duchy
of Styria was divided. It compriaes the north
ern part of Lower Styria, lying on boUi sides ofthe
Muhr, Extent, 2,100 square miles. Pop. 295,000,
Grots, t. Boheraia, 94 m. S, Prague, Lon, 14°
43' E. Lat, 48° 47' N.
Gratz, t Austrian Silesia, on the Mora, 4 m, S,
Troppau. Graudenls, or Grtidsiads, t. W. Prussia, at the
confluence of the Vistula and Uie Ossa, 14 m, N,
N. E, Culm, 65 S, Dantzic, Lon, 15° 47' E. Lat,
66° 18' N. Pop, 6,700.
Grave, t. Netherlands, on Uie Maese, 9 m, S, by
W. Nimeguen,
Grave creek, p-v. Ohio co, Va, on the Ohio, 12
m. below Wheeling,
Gravelines, t. France, dep. of the North, on the
Aa, near the sea. 9 m, W. S, W, Dunkirk, 39
N, W, Lille, Lon, 2° 7' 50" E, Lat. 50° 69' 10"
N, • Pop. 2,800.

G R E

G R E

293

Gratenmachem, t, Netherlands, at the conflu
ence of the MoseUe and Uie Sure, 12 m. S, W, Tre
ves, 15 E, N, E, Luxemburg,
Gravesande, place in South Holland, 11 ra. S,
Hague, Gravesend, t. Eng, in Kent, on the S, side ofthe
Thames, near its mouth. It forma the avenue to
the port of Londou, Here every outward bound
veasel must anchor, to be examined and obtain its
clearance, and every inward bound veaael must
receive on board the custom-house ofBcera, a num
ber ofwhom are here constantly stationed for the
purpose, Out'ward bound ships are here supplied
with Uve and dead stock, and vegetables, 21 4 m,
E, London, 7 W, Rochester. Lon. 3° 22' E. Lat,
61°2ffN. Pop, 3,119,
Gravesend, t. Kings co. Leng-Ialand, N, Y, on
the sea coaat, 4 ra, S. Flatbush, 94 S, New- York,
Pop, 520, Gravesend beach is a frequent resort
for parties of pleasure frora the city,
GrariTia, t. Naplea, in Bari, It is a bishop's see.
Pop, 8,800. 10 m, W, Matera, 27 S, Trani, Lon,
16° 31' E. Lat, 40° 64' N,
GrauiTio's Islands, on the N, W. coast of Amer
ica, Lat 54? 52' to 56° 27' N,
Gravosa. See St. Croix.
Gray, t. France, cap, of Upper Saone, 28 ra, N,
E, Dijon, Lon, 6° 36' 48" E. Lat, 47° 29' 62" N.
Pop, 5,000.
Gray, p-t Cumberland co, Maine, 20 m, N.
Portland, Pop. 1,310,
Gray's Bay, bay on Uie N, side of the river Co
lumbia, on the N, W, coastof America, Lat 46°
IffN, Gray's Harbour, bay on the N.W. coast of A-
merica. Lat. 47° -N.
Grayson, co. Va. inclosed by Washington,
Wythe, Montgomery, and Patrick counties, and
NorUi-Carohna. Pop. 4,941. Slaves, 270. Chief
town, GreenviUe. At the court-house is a poat-
office. Grayson, co.Ken. Pop. 2,301. .Slavea, 103.
Grasalema, t. Spain, in Granada, 8 ra. 'W. Ron-
da. Pop. 6,000.
Great Australasian Bight, an iramen'ae bay,
formed by the S. coast of New Holland. The head
of this bight is in lon, 131° 10' E, lat. 31° 29' S.
Great Barringlon. See Barringlon, Great.
Great Bay, N. H. the W, branch of the Piscat
aqua. It receives Exeter and Lamprey rivers,
and unites with the main branch of the Piscataqua
at Hilton's point, 6 m. above Portsraouth.
Great bridge, p-v. Norfolk co. Va.
Great crossings, p-v. Scott co. Ken.
Greatlsland, ial, Ireland, in Cork harbour.
Great Island, ial, in Basa'a atrait, between New
HoUand and Van Diemen's Land, Lon, 48° E,
Lat 40° S,
Great Island. See New Castle, N. H,
Great mills, p-v, St Mary'.a co. Md,
Great works, r, Penobscot co. Maine, which
flowa intothe E. aide of the Penobscot, 2 m, below
the great falls,' 10 above tide water,
Grebna, t Eu, Turkey, in Thessaly, 50 ra, N.
by E. Joannina, 66 S, W. Salonica.
Greece, a name appUed to that part of Europe
inhabited by the deacendanta of the ancient
Greeka. The continental part embracing that
portion of Turkey, which Ues south of the parallel
of 41° 30', is a peninaula, jutting out into the Med
iterranean, and separated by the Ionian sea from
the peninsula of Italy on the west, and by the
Archipelago, from Aaia Minor on the east. In the
former sea are situated the Seven Islands, consti

tuting the Ionian republic ; in the latter, about
100 islanda of various aize. All these may
strictiy be considered aa a component part of
Greece, Near the southern extremity of .the
peninaula, ia the sub-peninsula ofthe Morea, (the
ancient Peloponnesus,) connected with the main
land by the narrow isthmus of Corinth, The
whole extent of Greece ia estiraated at 40,000 sq,
miles ; and the population at 4,000,000, of which
nuraber 3,000,000 are Greeks, and the rest, Turks,
Jews, &c,
Down the raiddle of the peninsula, and parallel
to its two coasts, runs a continuous range of lofty
raountains, varying in height frora 7 to 8,000 feet
in the northern and central part, to as raany hun
dred near the southern extreraity. Of the forraer
height raay be reckoned the ridge of Pindus and
Parnassus, while Parnes, Pentelicus, and Hymet
tus, in Attica, do not exceed the latter. Branches
are thrown off towards either coast from this cen
tral chain ; to the eastward, the celebrated Olym
pus, rising near the head ofthe gulf of Salonica, to
the height of 6,000 feet, forma the north extreraity
of an inferior chain, consisting of Ossa an* Pelion,
(Eta and Othrys, and continuing in a S, E, direc
tion through the ialand of Negropont To the
westward of the raain range are the rugged and
raountainous countries of Epirus, .Sltolia, and
Acharnania, The highest raountains of the Mo
rea are the Cyllenian range, near the west coast,
and the Taygetus near the S, extremity, Exten
aive plains of conaiderable elevation above the
level of the sea, are encircled by the mountain
ranges. Of these, Thessaly, Boeotia, and Arca
dia, still preserve their ancient character. The
rivers by which these plains are watered are lit
tle more than mountain streams, with the excep
tion of Peneus, or Salympria, whose numerous
branchea, after intersecting the plain of Thessaly,
unite and discharge themselves through the cele
brated deflle of Tempo into the gulf of Salonica,
and the Alpheus, which waters the verdant plains
of Arcadia and Elis,
The climate of Greece is'more severe in winter,
and .'in many parta warmer in summer, than that
ofthe South of Italy, On the ele-rated plains of
the Morea, snow sometimes covers the plain of
Tripolitza, to the depth of 1 8 inches. In the lower
region of Attica, the atmosphere is more mode
rate and equable than in most other parts of
Greece, the air being generally clear, dry, and
temperate. — The general produce of the plains of
Greece is wheat, barley, rice, maize, millet, and
tobacco. In , Boeotia, the soil is very rich. On
the plains of Thessaly, are cultivated extensive
groves of mulberry-trees, for the silk worm. The
Morea is celebrated for the excellence of its silks,
and all the accounts given by the ancient Greeks,
ofthe fertility of Messenia, inthe S. W. corner of
the Morea, are realized at this day in every spe
cies of produce, more especially in corn, wine,
and figs. The richest produce of Attica, is the ol
ive, Hymettus has frora tirae immemorial been
celebrated for the excellence of its honey. It is
still in such esteera that presents of it are annually
aent to Conatantinople, The cotton plant is in
general cultivation. The sea-coast abounds with
a great variety of of excellent fish, but the inhab
itants are , very inexpert fisherraen. The nume
rous gulfs, creeks, bays, and harboura, with -which
Greece ia indented, afford both convenience and
security for shipping, and the disposition of the
modern Greeks for active and enterprising exer-

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tion, gives them a strong bias towards commercial
pursuits. There are many wealthy Greek mer
chants on the continent and among the islands.
The Mainiotes, at the southern extremity of the
Morea, were daring and resolute freebooters, but
their piracies of late years have been greatly
checked by habits of industry, and an increasing
commerce. Much has been said" of late in Europe ofthe rea-
toration of ancient Greece, and the Greeks
themaelvea have begun to direct their attention to
literary purauits. The progreas made in the last
thirty years, in the ancient Greek language, and
in general Uterature, is very considerable ; and iu
the same period, the Romaic, or modern Greek,
has made approaches towards the Hellenic. That
language, in its worst state, bears about the same
relation to the ancient Greek, as the old Italian to
the Latin. The Hellenic language is now exten
sively cultivated both in and out of Greece. With
their literary improvement, the desfre for the res-
toratioo of their independence has been increas
ed, and araong the higher class of citizens, there
prevails a very acute feeling, at their present de
graded state, and a degree of enthusiasm and ven
eration for their ancient heroes, poets, philoso
phers, and statesraen, which would do honour to
any nation.
Green, t. FrankUn co. Pa, Pop. 1,497,
Green, co, in the S. W, part of Ohio, Pop, in
1815,8,080, Chieftown, Xenia,
Green, t Adams co. Ohio,
Green, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 670.
Green, t Clinton co. Ohio, 7 m. W. Wilmington.
Green, t. Colurabiana co. Ohio.
Green, t. Fayette co. Ohio,
Green, t Gsdlia co, Ohio, 3 ra, W. GaUipolis,
Green, t. Harrison co, Ohio, 5 m. N,- E. Cadiz,
Green, t, Richland co. Ohio.
Green, t. Ross co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 7 m, N,
ChilUcothe, Pop, in 1819, 1,300,
Green, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Ohio, 10 m, S.
E. Portsmouth,
Green, p-t. Stark c5. Ohio,
Green, t. TrumbuU co. Ohio, 16 ra, N, E, War
ren, Green, t. Wayne co, Ohio, 4 m, N, E, Wooster,
Pop. in 1819,300.
Green Bonk, bank off Newfoundland, 129 railes
long and 48 wide. Lon. 53° 30' to. 57° 50' W,
Lat 45° Sff to 46° SffN.
Green bay, or Bay Puan, a large bay on the W,
side of Lake Michigan, It extends frora the north
end ofthe Lake 90 miles, iu a S. W. direction, and
ia 15 or 20 miles wide. Acrosa its entrance is a
chain of islands, called the Grand traverse, which
shelters the bay from the winds that often blow
with violence across the Lake. Several of the
channels between them are of sufficient depth to
admit vessels of 200 tons burthen, which traverse
the bay andascenJFoxriverseveralmilcs. Green
bay abounds with fiah, particularly sturgeon and
white fiah. It haa aeveral sraall bays, the principal
ofwhich is Sturgeon's bay. The principal rivers
which it receives, are Fox and Menominy,
Green bay, settlement, Michigan Territory, on
Fo^ river, 14 m. above its entrance into Green
bay, 184 m. S. W, Mackinaw, 220 N. Chicago,
360 E, Prairie du Chien, by Fox and Ouiaconain
rivers, Lon, 87° Sff W, Lat 45° N, It extenda
along both aides of the river about 4 miles. Here
are about 80 famiUes,the descendants of the French
Jesuits, who settled here in 1700 ; but by intermar

riages with the Indians, they have now become,
almost without exception, of mixed blood,. The
country around thia aettlement is at present diiefly
occupied by the Menominy Indiana, It hasahealth-
ful and sufficiently mild climate,a fertile soU, water
ed by numerous rivers, and its position between the
great Lakes and the IWississippi, renders it a very
eligible place for settlement. See Fort Howard. .
Green briar, i. Va, which falls into the E, sidetrf
the Kenhaway, at the place where it breaks
through the Laurel ridge, opposite the mouth of
New river, Lat 38° N,
Greenbriar, co. Va, on Green briar river. Pop.
5,914. Slavea, 494. Chief town, Lewisburg,,, ^
Greenbush, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, opposite Albany. Pop. 4,4*8. The. U,
States barracks in this town, are situated about a
mile from the river, and are in fuU view from Al
bany. Greencastk, p-t FrankUn co. Pa.
Greencostk, t Fairfield co, Ohio, 10 m, N. W.
Lancaster, 18 S, E. Columbus,
Greene, p-t Kennebec co. Maine, on the An
droscoggin, 24 ra, S, W, Augusta, 39 N, Portland,
Pop. 1,277.
Greene, co. N. Y. on the E, bank of the Hudson,
and on its other aides inclosed by Albany, Scho
harie, Delaware, and Ulster counties. Pop,
19,536, Chieftown, CatskiU.
Greene, p-t Chenango co, N. Y, 12 m, S, W,
Norwich, 120 Vf. S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,279.-
Greene, co. Pa. bounded N. by Waslungton co.
E, by the Monongahela, which aeparates it from
Fayette co. S, and W. by Virginia. Pop, 12,544.<
Chieftown, Waynesborough.
Greene, p-t Greene co. Pa. Pop. 1,708.
Greene, co. N. C. Pop. 4,867. Slaves, 1,842,
Chief town, Snowvflle, , ,
Greene, co. Geo. on the Oconee. Pop. 11,679..
Slaves, 5,236. Chieftown, Greensborough. ,,
Greene, co, Alabama,
Greene, co. Mississippi, bordering on the State
of Alabama. At the court-house is a post-office,
Greene, co. Ten. on French broad river. Pop.
9,713. Slaves, 655, Chieftown, GreenviUe.
Greene, co. Ken. Pop. 6,735. Slaves, 1,401.
Chieftown, Greensbuig.
Greenfield, t. Hillsborough co. N. H. 24 m. S.W.
Concord, Pop, 980,
Greenfield, p-t. and cap. Franklin co, Masa, on
the W, bank of Connecticut river, 21 m.N, North
ampton, Pop, 1,165. It contains a handsome
village, 3 houses of public worahip, 2 for Congre
gationalists, and 1 forEpiscopaliana,acourt-house,
and jail, and printing-office, from which a weekly
paper is issued. Much ofthe trade of the county
is carried on here.
Greenfield, p-t, Saratoga co. N. Y. 10 m. N.
BaUston, 36 N. Albany. Pop. 3,087.
Greerifield, t Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 855.
Greeiifield, p-t. Highland co. Ohio, on Paint
creek, 20 m. N, E, Hillsborough,
Greerifield, t. Fairfield co, Oliio,3m,N. Lancas
ter, Greerifield, t. GaUia co, Oliio, 16 m, W, GaUi
polis, Green garden, p-v. Sumner co. Ten,
Green hill, p-v. Campbell co. Va.
Green Island, ial, off the N, shore of Van Die-
men's Land,
Green Island, ial, in the St, Lawrence, 110 m-
below Quebec,
Greenland, a country, bounded E, by the At-

G R E

G R E

295

lantic, and separated from Labrador on the S, W,
by Davis' straits. It is not ascertained whether
it is a peninsula or an island, although the recent
discoveries in the Polar regiona render it highly
probable that- it is wholly detached frora the con
tinent. It extenda as far south as Cape Farewell,
in lat, 69° 30' N, Its northern liraits are un
known. The eastern coast is commonly called
East Greenland, and the western. West Green
land, but the whale-fishers call the whole West
Greenland, and apply the name East Greenland
to Spitzbergen and the adjacent islands. Nothing
is known of thia extenaive country, but ita coast.
The interior is wholly inaccessible, on account of
the everlasting ice with which its raountains are
covered. The eastem coast also has, for centu
ries, been cut off from European intercourse, by
the vast bodies of ice with which ita ahores are
lined. The aeverity of the climate forbids the
growth of every thing but a few miaerable stint
ed treea and shrubs. The whole population
doea not exceed 20,000; and they are confin
ed to the coast, deriving a miserable sub-
aiatence from seals, birds, and fishea; and are
sometimes under the necessity of living on
sea weed and train oil. The natives were for
merly Pagans, and addicted to some cruel cus
toms, but through the instrumentality of the Mo
ravian missionaries they have, to a considerable
extent, been converted to Christianity, There
are 11 missionaries, in 3 missionary aettiementa,
at New Hermhut, Lichtenfels, and Lichtenaul
Greenland, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on Great
bay, 4 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 592.
Greenland, t. Greene co. N. Y.
Green Mountains, a range of mountains, which
commence in Vermont, near the Canada line, and
running S. through the western parts of Ver
mont, Massachuaetta, and Connecticut, termi
nate at New Haven, on Long Island Sound,
The northem part of the range ia pierced by sev
eral ofthe great rivers which run intolake Cham
plain. The highest summits are Camela Rurap,
and Mansfield mountains in Verraont, each more
than 4,000 feet high.
Green Point, cape, on the coast of Florida, in
Pensapolabay, Lon. 87° 4'W, Lat 30° 31' N,
Greenaae, a-p, Denmark, on the Aa, near the
Cattegat, 32 m. N, E, Aarhuus, Lon. 10° 5ff 67"
E, Lat 56° 24' N,
Greenhithe, hamlet, Eng, in Kent, on the
Thames, 3 ra, E, Dartford,
Greenock, the chief s-p, of Scotiand, ia in Ren
frewahire, on the Clyde, The manufactoriea of
the place are augar-housea, rope-waUta, aoap and
candle-works, tan-works, potteries, bottle and
crystal-works, breweries, a sailcloth manufacto
ry; to theae may be added ship-building to a great
extent, in which the place has long excelled. —
Prior to 1697, Greenock was an inconsiderable
fishing station, but it is now a flourishing town,
and place of good trade. The harbor is very spa
cious and Commodious ; within these few years,
the quays have been removed farther out to a
greater depth of water, and new quays have
been built to the eastward of the old harbor, at
which there is from 16 to 26 feet water, and from
10 to 16 at low water. It is now capable of con
taining 500 sail of ships. On t^he 10th October,
1818, the registered shipping were 40,195 tona.
The duties "of eustoma for the year ending 10th
October, 1818, were 351,687/, Pop. iij 1757,

3,900; in 1811, excluaive of thoae at aea, 19,042-
Lon, 0° Iff 58" W. Lat, 65° 57' 2" N.
Green river, r. Ken, which rises in Lincoln co.
a^nd flowing W. joina the Ohio, 200 m. below
Louiaville, 60 above the raouth of the Cumber
land. It is 200 yarda wide at ita mouth, and is
navigable for boata nearly 200 milea,
Greensborough, p-t, Orleans co. Vt. 27 m. N. N.
E. MontpeUer. Pop. 666.
Greensborough, p-t, CaroUne co, Md. on the W.
aide of Choptank creek, 7 ra. N. Danton, 22 S. E.
Chester. Greensborough, p-v. Guilford co, N. C.
Greensborough, p-t. and cap. Greene co. Geo.
30 m. S, Athens, 40 N. MiUedgeviUe, 78 W. by
S. Augusta,
Greensburg, p-t, Westchester co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, 28 m. above New York. Pop. 1,862.
Greensburg, p-t, and borough, Westmoreland
CO. Pa, on a branch of Sewickly creek, one of
the sources of the Yioughiogany, 30 m, S. E.
by E, Pittsburg, 75 fr, Bedford. Pop. 686. U
contains a court-houae and jail, a frank, an acade
ray, and a Gerraan Calviniat church.
Greensburg, t. Beaver co. Pa, 10 ra. N. Beaver
town. Here is an acaderay.
Greensburg, p-t, and cap, Greene co. Ken, on
Green riyer, 69 ra, W, Lexington, 96 E. Ruaael-
ville. Pop. 130. It contains a court-houae and
jail, and a baulc.
Greenvalky, p-v. Bath co. Va.
Greenville, t. York co. Lower Canada, on Ot
tawa river, 60 m, W. Montreal.
Greenville, p-t. Greene co, N, Y. on Catskill
creek, 14 ra. N. W. Athens, 26 S. Albany. Pop.
2,300. Greenville, co, Va, inclosed by Brunswick,
Southarapton and Sussex counties, and N, Caro
Una, Pop. 6,863. Slavea, 4,699. Chief town,
Hickford, Greenville, p-v. Augusta co, Va. 12 ra. S. S. W.
Staunton, GreenviUe, p-t. and cap, Pitt co, N, C, on the
S. bank of Tar river, 110 m, fr. Ocrecock inlet,
23 fr, Washington, It contains a court-hcuac
and jail, and an academy,
Greenville, diatrict, S, C, Pop, 13,133, Slaves,
2,353, Green-cille, p-t. and cap. Greenville co, S. C, on
Reedy river, 110 m.N. Augusta, (Geo.) 110 fr.
Columbia., The air ia cool and healthful, and
many persona from the low country of Carolina
and Georgia, reaide here in auraraer.
GreenviUe^. Darlington cb. S. C. on the W.
aide of Great Pedee river, 65 E. N, E, Caraden,
90 N, E. Columbia.
GreenviUe, p-t, and cap, Jefferson co. Missis
sippi, 21 m, N, E, Natches,
Greenville, p-t, and cap. Green co, Tennessee,
on the head waters of French broad river, 26 m,
W, Jonesboro', 81 E, KnoxviUe, The viUage
containa a court-house, jail, Presbyterian meet-
ing-houae, and about 100 dwelling-houaes, A
few miles south of the village is GreenvUle col- .
lege, a flourishing institution, incorporated in
1794, It haa between 70 and 80 students,
GreenviUe, p-t and cap, Muhlenburg co. Ken.
35 rii, N, N, W, RusselviUe, 180 fr. Lexingtori.
Here is a bank,
Greenville, p-t, and cap. Dark co. Ohio, 80 m,
N, Cincinnati, 86 W. Columbus, Lon, 84° 32'..W.
Lat, 40° 2' N, In Aug, 1795, a famoua treaty war

296

G R E

made here by Gen, Wayne, on the part of the
U, S, with the Indians,
Greenville creek, Ohio, runs into the S, W,
branch of Miarai river. j
Greenup, co. Ken, Pop, 2,369, Slaves, 488,
Greenupsborough, p-t and cap, Greenup co.
Ken, , Greenville Boyyor La Bay, t. and port of en
try, on the E, side of the island of Grenada,
Greenwich, t, Eng. in Kent, on the S. bank of
the Tharaes, iramediately below Deptford, cele
brated for its aplendid hoapital; and, above all,
for ita obaervatory, which, instituted raore imrae-
diately for the advancement of navigation, has
rendered auch important aervices to astronomy.
Greenwich hospital consists at present of four ex
tensive piles of building, and now accommodates
nearly 3,000 seamen, while 5,400 out-penaioners
are asaisted from the funds. The widows of sea
men have the exclusive priv ilcge of being nuraea.
The expense of each pensioner is, at an average,
27/: 10s. 9d.; nurses, 29/. ISs.; and the total,
69,000/. per annum. The revenue of the hospital
is derived, in part, from a duty of &d. per month,
deducted from the pay of seamen. 54 m. E, Lon
don-bridge, Lon, 0° 0', Lat 51° 29' N, Pop,
16,947, Greenwich, p-t Hampahire co. Maas, 20 ra, E,
Northarapton, 76 W, Boston, Pop, 1,226,
Greenwich, East, p-t, and cap, Kent co. R, I,
on the N, W, arra of Nsirraganset bay, 16 m. S,
Providence, 22 N, N. W. Newport. Pop, 1,530,
It contains a court-houae and jail, an acaderay,
and 2 churches,
Greenivich, West, t. Kent co, R. I, Pop. 1,619.
, Greenwich, p-t Fairfield co, Ct, on Long-Isl
and soiinS, 38 m. E, New York, 48 W, New Ha
ven, Pop, 3,533,
Greenwich, p-t Waahington co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, at the mouth of BattenkiU, 8 ra, W. Sa
lera, 37 N, Albany, Pop. 2,752, It contains an
academy, and 2 churches, and raany raanufacto-
ries. Greenwich, v. included within the limits of the
city of New York,
Greenwich, p-t, Curaberland co, N. J. on the
N, W, bank of Cohanzy creek, 3 m, above its en
trance into Delaware bay, 16 S, E, Salem, Pop,
858, Greenwich, t. Gloucester co, N. J, on the Dela
ware, 6 m, S. E. Philadelphia, Pop. 2,859;
Greenwich, t Sussex co, N. J, on Delaware riv
er, 5 ra, above Easton, (Pa,) 31 S, Newton, Pop,
2,528, Greenwich, t Berks co. Pa, Pop, 1,104.
Greenwich, p-v. Charleston diatrict, S, C,
Greenwood, t. Oxford co. Maine, 5 ra. N, W,
Paris, Greenwood, t Blifflin co. Pa. on the W, aide of
the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,182.
Greenwood, t Curaberland co. Pa. on the W.
side of the Susquehannah. Pop. 1,102.
Grees, r. Ireland, in Kildare, which joins Uie
Barrow, 6 m. S. Athy.
Gregory, Cape, a high rocky bluff, on the N.W.
coast of America. Lat 43° 25' N.
Gregou, or Gregwa. See Griwhee.
Gregstown, v. Somerset co. N. J, on the E, side
of Millatone river, 6 m, N, E. Princeton.
Greifenberg, t. Silesia, on the Queiss, 8 m. S,
W, Lowenberg, Lon, 15° Sff E. Lat, 60° 6ff N,
Pop. 2,400,
Oreifenhagen, t. Pomerania, on the Oder, 37 m.

G R I
N, Custrim, 12 S. Old Stettin, Lon, 14° 36' E.
Lat, 53°2ffN, Pop, 3,400,
Greifswalde, t Poraerania, belonging to Prus
sia, on the Rick, 2 ra, above its influx into the
Baltic, 15 m. S. E. Stralsund, Lon, 13° 33' 15"
E, Lat. 64° 4' 35" N. Pop, 3,760,
Grenada, New. See Granada.
Grenada, ial, in the W, Indies, 20 milea long
from N, to S. and 10 broad in the centre. The
soil is fertUe in a high degree, aeema adapted to
every tropical production. Indigo, augar, tobac
co, coffee, cocoa, and cotton, thrive well in it,
and garae ia abundant St, George, the capital,
ia aituated in a spacioua bay on the weat of the isl
and, and poaseasea one of the aafest and most com
modious harbora for ahipping in the Britiah West
Indies. The ialand originaUy belonged to the
French, but since 1762 has been in the p'oaaeaaiou '
of the English. In 1809, the value ofthe imports
was 439,463/.; exports, 189,800/. The popula
tion has decreased considerably since it haa be
longed to the EngUsh. The pop. in 1811 was—
slavea, 29,381 ; whitea, 771 ; free people of col
our, 1210 ; total, 31,362. 123 m, S. W, Barba-
doea, 71 N, W, Tobago, Lon, 61° 43' W, Lat
12° 21' N,
Grenade, t. France, 14 m. N. N, W, Toulouse,
Pop. 3,260.
GrenadiUos, or Grenadines, cluster of islands
iu the W, Indies, between Grenada and St Vin
cent's, Grenoble, large t in the S, E. of France, cap.
of Isere, on the river Isere, near the junction' of
the Drac. Grenoble, though not a fine town, has
aeveral spacious squares. It ia surrounded with
ramparts, and entered by draw-bridges. Its
glove manufacturea have long been celebrated,
and employ nearly one-fourth of the populatinn. ,
27 ra. S. Chamberry. Lon. 5° 43' 49" E. Lat*5°
11'42''N. Pop 23,000.
Grenouilles, Les, a cluster of rocks, 36 ra. S, E.
Point Morand, in the island of Jamaica, Lon. 76°
32' E, Lat 17° 32' N,
GrenviUe, Point, cape, on the N. W, coast of
America, Lat 47° 22' N,
GrenviUe' s Canal, channel, on the N, W. coast
of America, which separatea Pitt' a archipelago
from the coaat of New Cornwall:
Gretna Green. See Graitney.
Greven, t Prussian States, on the Ems, 11 m,
N, E, Munater,
Greulsen, t. Saxony, 16 m, N. E, Erfurt Lon.
11° 3' E, Lat, 51° ff N,
Grey, or Upper League. See Grisons.
Grey, Cape, cape, in the Gulf of Carpentaria.
Lon, 136° 42' E, Lat 13° 1' S, U forma Uie S,
point of Caledon Bay,
Grey, Point, cape, on the N, W, coast of Amer
ica, Lat 49° 19' N,
Grezzaiw, t Ausfrian Italy, 13 m, N, Verona.
The natural bridge in the neighbourhood, caUed
the Bridge of Veja, connects two hiUs, The arch
is 50 feet broad, and 114 high,
Griersburg, p-t, Beaver co. Pa,
Grignan, t. France, 14 ra, S, S. E, Montelunart.
Grigoriopal, t. Eu, Russia, in Cherson, on tho
Dniester, 18 ra, N, by W. Bender,
Griguet Bay, bay, at the N, E, extremity of
Newfoundland, Lon, 55° 24' W, Lat 61'
4ff N,
Grimma, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 15 m, E.
S, E, Leipsic, 42 AV, N. W, Dresden. Pop-
3,000.

G R 0
Urimsboys, p-v. Faquier, co. Va.
Grimsby, Great, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the
S. bank of the Humber, near its mouth. It was
once rich and populous, with considerable trade ;
but the harbor becoming choked up, it gradually
declined. Of late, however, the harbor haa been
improved, a dock constructed at great expense,
and the frade has again revived. It ia a borough,
and aends 2 members to parliament. Pop, in
1811,'.2,747, 36 m, N. E, Lincoln, Lon, 0° 1'
W, Lat 53° Sff N,
Grimsby, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on lake
Ontario, W, of Niagara,
Grimsel, mt Switz, between the canton of Bern
and the Upper Valaia,
Grindal, Point, cape, ou the E. coast of the
Prince of Wales' Archipelago, iu the duke of
Clarence's sfrait Lon, 228° ff E, Lat 56°
27' N,
Grindall Point, on the N, coast of New Hol
land. Lon, 136° 6J' E, Lat 13° 154' S,
Grindelwald, v. of Bern, in Switzerland, 3 m,
S, S, E,Thun,
Grindktmi, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 17 m, W, S,
W. Skipton. Pop, 1,022,
Grindstone-ford, p-v, Clairborne co, Missis
sippi, Grinstead, East, t. Eng, in Sussex, 29 m. S. by
E, London. Lon. 0° 1' W. Lat 61° 7' N, Pop.
^,804. Griqua town, a station of the Ijondon Mission
ary Society, in South Africa, north of the Great
Orange river, and about 700 ra. N. E. of Cape
Tovra. Grisnez, Cape, France, on the coaat of Picardy,
between Bologneand Calais. Lon. 1° 35' E. Lat.
50°'5ff N.
Grisons, Country of, a canton, occupying the
S, E. corner of Switzerland. Extent, 2,500 sq,
miles. Pop, 73,000, of whom 26,000 speak the
German language, 10,000 Italian, and 37,000 the
Romansh or ancient Rhoetian language. The
surface is mountainous, and the chief aupport of
the inhabitants is derived from herds and floeka.
The canton is divided into three leagues, viz, the
League of God's Houae, the Grey League, and
the League of the Ten Jurisdictions, The gov
ernment is purely democratic,
Grissee. See Gresse.
Grisse/s, p-v, Columbiana CO, Ohio,
Griswold, t. New London co. Ct on the Quine
baug, 6 or 8 m, N. E. Norwich. It formerly con
stituted the part of Preston, called North Society.
Grita, t Caraccas, 46 ra. S. S, W, Merida,
Griwhee, t. Slave coast of Africa, cap. of Whi
dah, Lon, 1° Iff E, Lat, 6° 30' N, Pop. 8,000.
Grixalva, r. Mexico, which falls into the gulfof
iVIexico, in lat 18° 35' N,
Groai. See Garraway.
Grodno, t. Russian Poland, on the Niemen, and
capital of the government of Grodno ; 140 m. N.
E. Warsaw, 140 S. E, Konigsberg. Lon, 23° 49'
E. Lat, 53° 4ff N. Pop, 5,000, of whom 1,500
are Jews,
Grodno, government of Rusaian Poland, adja
cent to the governmenta of Wilna and Minsk.
Extent, 11,000 sq. railes. Pop. 620,000.
Grohnde, t. Hanover, on the Weser, 9 m. S,
Hameln, Groilsch, t. Saxony, on the Elster, 13 m, S.
Leipzic. Lon. 12° W E. Lat 51° 12' N.
Groll, or Groenloo, t. Netherlands, 19 m, E,
Zutphen, Lon, 6° 32' E. Lat, 52° 5' N.
38

G R O

agsTf

Grandines, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower
Canada, on the N, side of the St. Lawrence, 45
m. W. Quebec.
Groningen, province, at the N. E, extremity of
the Netherlands, bounded by the German ocean
on the N. by Hanover on the E, and by the prov
inces of Drenthe and Friesland on the S, and W,
Extent, 770 sq, railes. Pop, 146,000, The sur
face is level and low. The chief wealth of the
province lies inits pastures,
Groningen, t Netherlands, cap, ofthe province
of Groningen, on tiie Hunse and Fivel, The uni
versity of Groningen was founded in 1614, It
consists of 6 faculties, with 19 professors, and has
a good Ubrary, The chief trade is in agricultur
al produce. The manufactures are of linen and
woollen, also of quiUs, 100 ra, N, E, Amster
dam, Lon, 6° 35' E. Lat 53° 12' N, Pop,
26,500, Groningen, t Prussian states, in Westphalia,
on the Bode, 6 ra, N. E, Halberstadt, Lon, 11°
11' E. Lat 51° 5ff N, Pop. 2,250,
Groningen, or Mark Groningen, t Wirtem
berg, 7 m, N, N, W. Stutgard, Pop. 2,200,
Gronskar, light-house in the Baltic, on the
coastof Sweden, in lon, 19°2'3ff'E, lat 59° 15'
50" N.
Groate Eylandt, isl, on the N. coaat of New
Holland, in the gulf of Carpentaria. It extends
from lat, 13° Sff to 14° 17' S.
Gros bois, or Yamachiche, seighiory, St. Mau-«
rice CO. Lower Canada, on lalce St, Peters, 14 m,
W. Three-Rivers,
Gros cap, cape. Up, Canada, at the outlet of
lake Superior,
Gros Isle, ial, Michigan Territory, in Detroit
river, near ita raouth. It is about 8 miles long,
and 14 wide. ThesoU is fertile, and some of it ia
cultivated. There ia a quarry, from which stone
is obtained for building.
Groso, Cape, promontory, Spain. Lon. 1° 23'
E. Lat 41° 1 I'N.
Grossenhayn, or Hayn, t. Saxony, on the'Roder,
8 ra. N. Meisain, 16 N. N. W. Dreaden. Lon. 13°
2ff E. Lat 51° Iff N. Pop. 3,500.
Grosses Haf. See Haff.
Grossetto, t Tuscany, 30 m. S. S. E. Piombino,
70 S. Florence. Lon. 1 1° 4' E. Lat 42° 4ff N.
Grossurig, v. Pruaaian Saxony, 3 m. S. hy E.
Torgau, Grotkau, t Silesia, 28 m, S, S. E. Breslau.
Groton, p-t Grafton co. N. H. 15 ra, N. E, Dart
mouth CoUege, 38 N, W, Concord, Pop, 649,
Here ia a furnace for casting hoUow iron ware,
Groton, t. Caledonia co. Vt, 16 m, E, Montpe
Uer, Pop, 449,
Groton, p-t, Middleaex co, Mass. 34 m. N. W.
Boston. Pop. 1,886. Here is an academy. The
village is handsomely built on a riaing ground,
which commanda an extensive prospect
Groton, p-t. New London co. Ct. at the mouth
of tbe Thames, opposite New London. Pop.
4,461. In this town ia Fort GriaWold, which de
fends the harbor of New London.
Groton, t. Huron co. Ohio.
Gro//a, t Austrian Italy, on the Adda, 7 m. N.
W. Cremona.
Grotto Minarda, t. Naples, in the Prihcipato
Ultra, 3 m. S. Ariano. Pop, 2,250,
Groftaglia, t. Naples, 18 m, E, Taranto ; also, a
town, 9 ra, E. Taranto.
Graudis, small isl. France, over against L'
Orient, Lon, 3° 26' S" W, Lat 47° 3ff 4" N,

238

GUA

Gvsvehill, p-v, Warren co, N, C,
Groveland, p-t, Ontario co, N, Y, on Genesee
river, 30 m, S, W, Canandaigua, It contains a
Presbyterian church,
Crovepaint, the N, point at the mouth of Sas
safras river, Md, 5 m. S, W, Turkey-point
Groups, The, two islands, or rather groups of
ialands, in the Pacific ocean, seen by Captain
Cook, 1769, The southernmost Ues in lon, 142°
42' W, lat 18° 12' S,
Groypus, t, on the coaat of BrazU, with a fine
and apacioua harbor, having good anchorage, Lat,
26°2ffS, ' b6 »s
Grubenhagen, a principality in the kingdora of
Hanover, on the E. side of the Leine, Fop,
«0,OUO, Qrumv, V. a little E, of Naplea, on the heighta
of Capo di Chino, Pop, 3, 100,
Grunberg, t SUeaia, in Glogau, 30 m. N, W,
CrTOs Glogau, Lon, 16° 35' E, Lat 51° Sff N,
Ppp, 8,000,
, Grunberg, t. Heaae Darmatadt, 10 m. E, Gies
sen, 28 W, Fulda,
Grunde, v. Hanover, 12 m, S, W, Goslar,
Grunstadt, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 22
m- S, Mentz, Pop, 2,300.
Gruyeres, t Switz, in Friburg, 16 m, S. Fri
burg, Lon. 6° 53' E, Lat. 46° Sff N.
Gshat, t, Russia, in Smolensko.
Guacara, t Venezuela, 12 m, fr, Valencia,
Guacho, or Huacho, port, on the coast of Peru,
Lat 11° 14' S,
Guadolo'viar, (an, Durias,) r, Spain, which
falls into the Mediterranean, near Valencia, in
lat. 39° 26' N,
Gundalaxara, province, Spain, in New Castile,
Extent 1,050 sq, milea. Pop, 122,000, Guada
laxara, the capital, has a large manufactory of
eloth for account of govemment, 66 m, N, E,
Madrid, Lon, 3° 22' E, Lat 40° Sff N, Pop.
12,000, .Guadalaxara, an intendancy of Mexico, hound
ed N, by the intendancies of Sonora and Durango,
E, by Zucatecas and Guanaxuato, S, by Valla
doUd, and W. by the Pacific, Extent 73,628 sq,
mUes, Pop, in 1803, 630,500,
Guadalaxara, city, Mexico, cap, of the inten
dancy of Guadalaxara, is aituated in a deUghtful
and fertile plain, near, the Baranja river, 280 m,
N.W.Mexico. Pop. 19,500, consisting of Span
iards, mulattoes, andmestizoea. Lat. 21° 9' N.
Guadalbon, r. Spain, in Jaen, which falls into
the Guadalquivar, at Mengibar.
Guadakanar, isl. in the Pacific, one of Solo
mon's archipelago. Lon. 161° 50' 21" E. Lat 9°
Iff 30" S.
Guadalmer, r. Spain, which joins the Guadia
na, in Spanish Estremadura.
Guadaloupe, isl. one of the largest and most
valuable in the W. Indies, is situated in lon. 62°
W. and lat 16° 20' N. It is divided into two
parts by a channel, in breadth from SO to 80 yards.
This channel runs north and south, and commu
nicatea with the aea, by a large bay at each end ;
that on the N. is called Grand Cul de Sac, and
that on the S. Petit Cul de Sac. The part of the
island east of the channel, is called Grand Terre,
and is about 120 miles in oiroumferenoe. The
west part is subdivided, by a ridge of mountains,
into Capcs-terre on the west, and Basse-terre on
the east This part also ia 120 m. in circuit
Both parts would be joined by an isthmua 6 railea
in breadth, were it not out through by the river.

GUA
In many parts, the aoil ia rich, and not inferior to
that of Martinico. Ita produce ia sugar, coffee,
rum, ginger, cocoa, logwood, &c. The exports
in 1811, were 8,216,249 Iba. of augar, 1,380,816
gaUona of spirits, 1,601,686 lbs. ol coffee, 219,009
lbs, of cotton, and 963 lbs, cacao, Thia island has
been repeatedly taken by tbe British,, It now be
longs to France, having been restored in 1814,
The population in 1812, according to a return to
the British House of Commons, was 1 14,839, of
which number 12,747 were whites, 94,328 slavea,
and 7,764 free negroes.
Guadaloupe, ial. off the coaat of CaUfornia.
Lon.sll8° 17' W. Lat 28° 53' N.
Guadaloupe, r. Mexico, in Texas, which falls
into the gulf of Mexico, after a course of about
200 milea.
Guadalquivir, one of the largeat rivera in
Spain, rises in Granada, traverses Andalusia^ pas-
sea by Andujar, Cordova, and SeviUe, and faUs
into the Mediterranean, 20 m. N. W. Cadiz, in
lon. 4° 36' W, lat 36° 4ff N. It is navigable for
smaU vessela to Cordova,
Guadalupe, t Spain, 45 m. S. W. Toledo.
Guadarranut, r. Spain, which joins the Tagus,
about 9 mUes below Toledo.
Guadiana, r. Spain, which rises in La Manch?,
and running west passes by Ciudad Real, Meri
da, and Badajoz, and enters Portugal, where it
takes a southerly direction, and falls into the sea,
between Ayamonte and Castel Marim, in lon. 7°
26' W. It is navigable 40 miles.
Guadix, t. Spain, in Granada, near the Guadal
quivir. It is the see of a bishop. 28 m. E. N. E.
Granada. Pop. 8,300. >
Guailos, or Huailas, province, Peru, bounded
N. E. and E. by Conehucos, S. E. and S. by Cax
atambo, and W. by Santa.
Guaira, t. S. America, in Caraccas. It hai a
celebrated port, defended by a castie, and more
frequented than any other upon the coast, though
it is not completely protected from the wind. On
the 26th March, 1812, this town was laid in ruins
by an earthquake. 7 m. N. of the city of Carac
cas. Lon. 67° 2' W. Lat 10° 4ff N. Pop. 6,000.
Gualior, district. Hind, in Agra, between 26°
and27° N, lat and between 78° and 79° E, lon,
Gualior, a celebrated forfress. Hind, in Agra.
It is the possession of the Mahrattas, and is con
sidered aa the key of Hindostan from the Mahrat
ta country, Lon. 78° 14' E. Lat 26° Iff N.
Guallaga, r. S. America, which rises in Peru,
and entera the Amazon, in lat 7° 16' S. after a
course of 500 mUes.
Gualtero, or Gualteiri, t States of Modena, 13
m. N. Reggio. Pop, 4,160,
Guam, or Guahon, one of the Ladrone ialands,
120 miles in circuit Lon, 155° 10' E. Lat. 13?
25' N, There is a town on the island, called Aga-
iia, built by Uie Spaniards.
Guamachueo, province, Pera, bounded E, by
CaxamarquUla, N. E, by Chochapoyas, N, by
Caxamarca, N. W, and W, by Truxillo, and S,
by Conehucos. Pop. 1 1,000.
Guamalies, or Huamalies, province, Peru,
bounded N. by Pataz, E. by the Andes, S. E. by
Guanuco, S. by Tarma, S. W, by Caxatambo,
and N. W. by Conehucos. It is an extensive val
ley, 250 miles long, Uirough which runs the Ama
zon. Guamanga, or Huamanga, a province of Peru.
Guamanga, the capital is a handsome town, with

GUA
a university, 188 ra. S. E. Lima, 176 N. W.
Ctizco. Lon, 77° 56' W, Lat 12° 6ff N,
Guammitagua, t. Per u, 50 ni , N, E. Lima,
Guamoco, city, New Granada, 32 m. N. E, An
tioquia, Lon, 74° 67' W, Lat 7° 9' N,
Guanajo. See Bonacca.
Guanapu, r. Brazil, which emptiea itaelf from
the south into the moutli of the Amazon.
Guanare, t Caraccas, in the province of Vari
nas, admirably situated on Guanare river, a
branch of the Apure, On the S, and E, of the
town are vast plains, which feed immenae herda
efoxen. Pop. 12,300. 193 m. S, S. W. Carae*
cas, 64 S. E. Truxillo. Lon. 60° 56' W. Lat. 8®
14' N.
Guanaxuato, one of the intendancies of Mexi
co, and the most populous of the whole viceroy
alty, contains 6,978 sq. miles, 517,300 inhabitants.
The produce of the mines ia now greater than
that of Potoai, or that of any other mine ever
known. They afforded, from 1796 to 1803, near
ly 40 milUons of dollars in gold and silver, or very
nearly 5 milUons annually. Guanaxuato, the
capital, contains within the city, 41,000 inhabi
tants; and in the minea surrounding the city,
29,600; altogether, 70,600. The ground on
which the city is built is 6,836 feetabove the level
of tiie sea. Lon. 101 ° 64' W. Lat. 21° N.
Guancabelicd, or Guancavelica, t. Peru, and
cap. of the province of Angaraez. The moun
tains in the vicinity are rich in gold and silver
ores ; but it is chiefly for a mine of quicksilver
that thia city is celebrated. Thia mine formerly
yielded an immense produce; but, not being
worked in a proper and regular manner, the pit
fell in. At present, it yields about 1500 cwt. of
quicksilver. 53 m. W. Guamanga, 140 S.E. Lima.
Lon. 74° 61' W. Lat. 12° 6ff S.
Guanchaco, t. outhe coast of Peru, near Trux-
iUo, of which it is the harbor. Lon. 78° 58' W.
Lat 8° 6' S.
Guano, Key, Great, and Littk, 2 small islands
among the Bahamas. Lon. 77° Sff W. Lat 26°
SffN. Guanta, province, Pera, bounded N. and N. W.
by Xauxa, N. E. and E. by the Andes, S, and S,
W, by Anganaes, Guamanga, and Castro Virevna.
Pop, 10,000, ^
Guantanamo, or Cumberland, bay, on the coast
of Cuba. Lon. 76° 50' W. Lat 20° 30' N.
Guanuco, t. Pera, Lon, 75° 36' W, Lat 10°
6' S,
Guarapiche, r, S. America, in Cumana, which
entera the gulf of Paria, between the point of
Paria and the mouth of the Orinoco, in lat 10°
ff N,
Guarda, fortified t Portugal, in Beira, near the
source of the Mondego, 67 m, E, Coimbra, 20 S,
W, Almeida, Pop. 2,300,
Guardamar, t Spain, in Valencia, at the mouth
of Uie Segura, 17 m, S, S, W, AUcant, Lon, 1°
2ff W, Lat 38° 15' N, Pop, 4,260.
GuarddrviUe, seigniory, Hampshire co. Lower
Canada, on the N, side of the St Lawrence, 5 ra,
S. Quebec,
Guordia, t, Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, Pon.
4^100, ^
Ouardia, t Spain, in Toledo, 30 m. S, S, E,
Madrid, Pop, 3,350,
GuardiOj t. Naples, 1 1 m, E, MoUse, Lon, 14°
50' E, Lat 41° Sff N,
Gwtrdia, t. Spain, in GaUcia, at the mouUi of

GUA

299

the Minho, 14 m, W, S, W, Tuy, Lon, 9° 10' W.
Lat, 41? 4ff N,
Guardia Lombardo, t Naplea, in Principato
Ultra, Pop, 2,500.
Guardialfiera, t Naplea, 16 ra, N, E. MoUse.
Guarica, r. Caraccas, which falla into the
Apure, about 60 miles from its junction with th«
Orinoco, Guarico, PwUa del, cape, ou the N, coast of
Cuba, Lon, 74° 22' W,
Guarochiri, a province of Peru, Guarochirl,
the capital, is 57 m, fr, Lima, Lou, 76° Iff W,
Lat 11° 55' S,
Guasco, or Huasco, port. Chili, in Copiapo,
with an exceUent harbor, Lon, 76° 6' W, Lat
28° 2ff S,
Guasta di Amone, t Naples, in Abruzzo Citra,
22 rti. E, by S, Lanciano, Pop. 2,700,
GuastaUa, t. Italy, in Parma, and cap, of aamaU
duchy, at the confluence of the Crostols and the
Po, It is fortified, and forms an important pass in
time of war. Pop, 5,500, 21 m. N. W, Parma,
21 S. Mantua, Lou, 10° Sff E, Lat 44° 54' N,
The duchy now belonga to the Archduchess Ma
ria-Louisa, late empreaa of France,
Guatimala, Captain-Generalship of, one of the
Spaniah possessiona in N, America, extending
from New Spain on the N. W, nearly to the isth
mus of Darien, and bounded E, by the Caribbean
sea, and W, by the Pacific ocean. It consiats Of
6 provincea, viz, Chiapa, Vera Paz, Guatiraala,
Honduraa, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica, The
great American range of mountaina runs through
the country from S. E. to N, W, ¦ Volcanoes are
extremely numerous, and aome of them terrific ;
no less than 20 are in constant activity. The gen
eral appear.ance of the soil is extremely fertile,
and Guatimala produces abundantly corn, cochi
neal, grapea, honey, wax, cotton, fine wool, and
dyewoods. The population' has been estimated
at 1,800,000,
Guatimala, a province of the captaiii-general-
ship, extends along the coast of the Pacific ocean,
and is bounded N, E, by Vera Paz and Chiapa,
E, by Honduras, S, W, by the Pacific ocean, S, E,
by Nicaragua, N, and W, by Oaxaca,
Guatimala, Santiago de, capital of the captain-
generalship of Guatiraala, was founded, in 1624,
on the declivity of a raountain, at whose summit
'waa a volcano; but in 1751, it waa overwhelmed
by an earthquake, anil by the matter frora the
volcano. Notwithstanding thia awful calamity,
the city was rebuilt on the same spot; but another
and more trjmendous convulsion again destroyed
the devoted place in 1776, the greater part of the
inhabitanta being at the aarae time buried in the
ruins. The city now stands 25 milea S, of the
old town. It ia a magnificent place, adorned
with churchea and monasteries, and an university,
reckoned one of the best in the empire. Pop,
19,000, Lon, 92° 4ff W, Lat, 1,4° 28' N,
Guauchinanga, t. Mexico, in Puebla, 91 m, N,
E, Mexico, Lon, 97° 64' W, Lat 20° 23' N,
Guaviari, r. S, America, which rises in the
Andes of Quito, and, after a courae of about 500
miles, faUa into the Orinoco, in lat 4° 20' N,
Guaura, t, Peru, in Chancay, with a good
port Lon, 76° 2ff W, Lat 11° ff S,
Guaxa. See Xauxa.
Guauxaco. See Oaxaca.
Guayaquil, protvince, S, America, in the S, W,
cornsr'of New Granada, bordering on Peril and

30©

G U E

G U I

the Pacific ocean. It produces cacao, of whidh
two crops are gathered annually, cotton, tobacco,
salt, wax, rice, and honey, in all which a consid
erable comraerce ia carried on with the other
provincea,— -Guayaquil, the capital, is on the W,
shore of a river of the same name. It has a cele
brated commercial port in the river of Guaya
quil, and an excellent dock. Here have been
built a great number of ships of the line, owing
to the excellent quality of the wood, which is cut
in the immediate vicinity, 150 m. S, S, W, Quito.
Lon. 79°4ffW, Lat 2° 11' 21'' S. Pop. about
20,000. Guayaquil, r. S. America, which riaes on the
W.- side of the Andes, and falls into the gulf of
Guayaquil, in lat. 2° 27' S.
Guayra. See Guaira.
Guasacualco, r. Mexico, which runa S. and en
tera the gulf of Mexico, in lon. 94° 24' W. lat,
18° 12' N,
Gubbio, or Eugubio, t. Ecclesiastical State, in
Ancona, 35 m. N. Spoleto. Pop. 4,000,
Guben, t. Prussian States, in Lusatia, at the
junction of the Lubst and the Neisse, 22 m, S.
Frankfort on the Oder, 70 N, N. E. Dresden,
Lon. 14° 45' E. Lat, 51° 57' N, Pop, about 6,000.
Guber, country, Central Africa. It pays trib
ute to Asben,
Gubi, t India, in Mpore, Lon, 77° 10' E,
Latl3°7'N._ Gudarah, district. Blind, in Gujerat. Gudarah,
Uie capital, is iu lon. 73° 43' E, Lat. 22° 50' N,
Guelderland. See Gelderland.
Gueldres, or Gueldem. See Geldcrs.
Guelfo, St. or Castel Guelfo, t. Italy, on the Ta
ro, 8 m, W. by N. Parma.
Guemenee, t France, in Loire Inferieure, 9 ra,
N, Blain, Pop, 3,600.
Guer, t, France, in Morbihan, 34 m, E, N, E,
Vannea, Pop. 4,800,
Guerande, t^ France, in Loire Inferieure, be
tween the mouth of the Vilsiine and the Loire, 36
m. W. Nantes, 13 S. Roche Bernard. Lon. 2°
25' 26" W, Lat. 47° Iff 39" N. Pop. 7,200.
Guerard, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 24 m.
E. Paris.
Guerche, La, t. France, 18 m. E. S. E, Rennes.
Guerche, La, t. France, on the Creuse, 30 m. S.
Tours. Gueret, t France, cap, of La Creuse, 40 m. N.
E. Limoges, 221 S. Paris, Pop, 3,400.
Guerigny, v. France, in Nievre, 9 m. N. Ne
vers.^ Guernica, t, Spain, in Biscay, 22 ra. N, N, E.
Vittoria. Guernsey, isl, in the English channel, near the
French coast, 9 miles long, 6 broad, and about 39
in circuit, 'I'he aoil is rich and fertile, and yielda
Very fine pasture. The island is subject to Eng
land, but the Norman French is gener.illy spoken
by all ranks. Scarcely any of the common peo
ple can speak English, All their domestic uten
sils and implements of husbandry are after the
French fashion, aa alao their dreaa and mode of
living. The amount of shipping belonging to tho
isl-and in, 1813, was 10,892 tons. The chief town
is St Peter's Port, on the east coast, with a good
harbor. Distant from Cape la Hogue 26 m, W,
S, W,; from Cherbourg 36 W, by S, ; from Port
land 51 S. ; frora Portsmouth 94 S, W, Lon. 2°
40' W, Lat 49° 33' N, Pop, 21,293.
G^tej-me//, CO, Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 4,800. Chief
town, Cambridge,

Gueta. See Hueto.
Guetaria, or Gotario, caatle and t Spain,i on the
coast of Guipuscoa, 9 m, W, St Sebastian, Lon,
2° ff 65" W,
Gugagh, t Hindiiin Sinde, Lon,"B8° 7' E,Lat
24° 45' N,
Guhrau, or Gurou, t Silesia, 17 m,E, Glogau,
Guiana, country, S, America, between the
Orinoco and the Amazon. It has Caraccas on theN.
W. the Atlantic on the N. E. Brazil on the W, and
New Grenada on the S, W, The river Casiquari
unites the Orinoco ¦with the Negro, a branch of
the Amazon, malting this country a real island,
separated by water from the rest ofthe continent
Guiana ia divided between 5 different nations, 1.
Spanish Guiana belongs to Caraccas. It extends
on the coaat from the Orinoco to the Essequebo,
2, English Guiana extends frora the Essequebo
totheCorantyn, 3, Da/c/i Gwiano, from the Co-
rantyn to the Maroni, 4. French Guiana, from
the Maroni to the Aruary. 5. Portuguese Gui
ana, from the Aruary to the Amazon. The boun
daries between these divisions in the interior are
not determined, and there is no necessity for de
termining them, because the white settlements do
not extend far from the sea coast, the interior be
ing occupied by war-like Indians. EngUah Gui
ana ia subdivided into the districts of Essequebo,
Demerara, and Berbice. Dutch Guiana is some-
timea called Surinam, and French Guiana, Ca^
enne. The population may be estimated at
250,000, excluaive of Indiana. Spaniah Guiana
has 34,000, Engliah Guiana more than 70,000,
Dutch G uiana 80,000, and French Guiana, 30,000.
The mass of the population are negro slaves; there
are less than 20,000 whites. The Dutch colonies,
(including English Guiana,) have from the earU
est period been exposed to depredations from fugi
tive negroes, who have fled to the woods from the
excessive cruelty of thefr masters.
The country along the shore and for a conside
rable way into the interior, ia an extensive and
uniform plain of unequaUed fertility. It ia covered
with thick forests, even to the 'water's edge ; the
coast is so low and flat, that nothing is seen at first
but the trees, which appear to be growing out of
the water. The country is overspread with the
most luxuriant vegetation, abounding in fruits of
every description, and an infinite variety of rare
and useful plants. The principal articles cultiva
ted are sugar, coffee and cotton.
Guibarra, bay on the N. coaat of Cuba.
Guienne, before the revolution, a province in
the S. W. of France, now divided into the depart-
raents of the Gironde, the Lot-and-Garonne, the
Dordogne, the Lot, and the Aveyron. Pop.
1,900,000. Gujerat, or Gigrat, province. Hind, between
21° and 24° N. lat bounded N. by Ajmeer, E. by
Malwah and Khandeish, S. by Aurungabad and
the sea, and W. by a aandy desert, fte gulf of
Cutch, and the sea. During the war of 1780, the
British got possession ofa portion of it. Their ter
ritory occupies a considerable tract of country on
both sides of Uie gulf of Cambay, and includes the
populous cities of Surat, Broach, Cambay, Kaira,
and Gogo, The sea coast between the gulf M
Cambay and C utch is occupied by different inde
pendent chiefs, all greatly addicted to piracy. The
northern aud western borders are also possessed
by a number of barbarous chiefs.!
Guigues, r. Venezuela, which runs intothe At-
,lantic, 16 leaguea W,Coi'0,

G U I

GUN

301.

Guilderlftndt, p-t Albany co, N, Y, 12 m, W, N,
W, Albany, Pop, 2,466,' At the village of Ham
ilton in this town, there are extensive glass facto
ries, Guildford, borough, Eng, and cap. of Surrey,
on the Wye, which is navigable for barges from
the Tharaes, It contains a caaUe, a guild-hall, a
jail, a theatre, 3 churches, and aeveral meeting
houses for dissenters. Pop. 2,974. 30 m. S. 'VV.
London. Lon. 0° 34' W. Lat 61° 14' N.
Guildhall, p-t. and cap. Esaex co. Vt, on Con
necticut river, opposite Lancaster, with which it
is connected by a bridge, 60 ra, N. E. MontpeUer.
Pop. 544.
Guilford, t. Somerset co. Maine, 40 m. N. E.
Norridgewock. Guiford, t Windham co. Vt 49 m. S. Windsor.
Pop. 1,872.
Guilford, p-t. and borough, New-Haven co. Ct.
on Long-Island Sound, 15 ra. E. New-Haven, 36
S. Hartford. Pop. 3,845. It contains 7 houses of
pubUc worship. Here are two harbours and aome
ahipping. Gia^ord, t Franldiu co. Pa. Pop. 1,961.
GwUford, CO. N. C. inclosed by Rowan, Rock
ingham, and Orange cos. and Virginia. Pop.
11,420. Slavea, 1,467. Chieftown, MartinaviUe.
GuiUac, t France, on the Tarn, 14 m. S. W. Al
bi, 30 N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 6,500.
Guillaudiere, fief, Surry co. Lower Canada, on
the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 16 m. N. E. Mon
treal. GuiUhawme, Bonhomme, seigniory, Harapahire
ce. Lower Canada, 12 m. N. Quebec.
Guilkstre, t France, in Upper Alps, 1 1 m. N.
E. Embrun.
Guillon, V. France, on the Serain, 30 m. S. E.
Auxerre. Guillori. See GUlari.
Guimaraens, t. Portugal, in Entre Douro e Min
ho. Here are manufactures of damasked linen
for table cloths ; also of knives. 10 ra. S. E. Braga,
30 N. N. E. Oporto. Pop. 7,500.
Guinala. See Ghinala.
Guinea, a name given to a part of the W. coaat
of Africa, from the Rio Meaurado to the western
exfremity of Benin, comprehending about 13 de
grees of longitude. This territory ia usually divi
ded into the Grain coast, the Ivory coast, the Gold
coast, and the Slave coast.
The Grain Coast extends from the Mesurado
to the village ef Growa, about 10 milea beyond
Cape Palmaa. It yields a coarse apeciea of pepper,
but neither gold nor ivory, and has been compar
atively little frequented.
The Ivory coast extends from Growa to Cape
AppoUonia. It abounda wiUi ivory, but has no
harbours, and haa never been very extensively
frequented. TVie Gold coast extends from Cape ApoUonia to
the Rio Volta. European setUements and trade-
have been carried on here to a greater extent
than in -any other part of Africa. Britain has now
a more extensive footing upon this coast than any
other nation. Cape Coast castle is the capital of
the British settlements ; and forts are also raain
tained at Acra, Dixcove, Succondee, Commendo,
and Anaraboe.
¦ TTie Slave eoast extends from the Rio Valta to
the bay and river of Lagos, which separates it
from Benin. The British formerly had settlements
here, but they have recently been abandoned.
Guinea, New. See New Gidnea.

Guinegast, or Euguinegatte, v. France, in Pae
de Calais, between St Oraer and Pleadin,
Guines, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 6 ra. Si Ca
lais, Guingamp, t, France, in Cotes du Nord, 15 m.
S, W, St, Brieux, Pop, 5,200,
Guiomere, territory of the Ivory coaat of Africa,
Guipana, the largest of the Cervine lalands, in
the Adriatic, belonging to the house of Austria ;
about 18 railes in circumference.
Guipry, t. France, in Ille-and- Vilaine, 13 ra, N,
E, Redon. Pop. 3,000.
Guipuzcoa, a diatrict ofthe province of Biscay,
in Spain, on the French frontier. Pop, 105,0(10.
Extent, 640 aquare milea. See Biscay.
Guisborough, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, noted for its
alum works, 8 ra, N. E, Stokesley, Lon, 1° 2'
W, Lat 54° 31' N, Pop. 1,834,
Guiscardo. See Viscardo.
Guise, t France, on the Oiae, 20 m, N. Laon, 14
E, St, Quentin, Lon, 3° 42' E, Lat. 49° 55' N.
Guishden, r, Ireland, which runs into the Moy,
Gujunderghur, district. Hind, in Bejapore, be
tween 15° and 16° N, lat Gujunderghur, the
capital, is in lon. 75° 5ff E, lat, 16° 46' N,
Gukin, V. ScoUand, 54 ra, S, W, by W, North
Berwick, Gulon Ness, small promontory of Scotland, the
S, point, at the entrance ofthe frith of Forth into
the German ocean. Lon, 2° 44' W, Lat 66°
5' N,
Gull islands, Great and Little, 2 amall ialands,
lying W, of Fiaher's island in Long-laland Sound.
"There is a light-houae on Little-Gull island,
Gu Ipe. See Galope.
Gumbinnen, one of the governments into which
Eaat Prussia has been lately divided, bordering ou
Russia, the kingdom of Poland, and the govern
ment of Konigaberg, Extent, 6,160square miles.
Pop, 350,000, of whom the great raajority are Lu
therans. Gumbinnen, t. E, Pruaaia, on the Pissa, and
cap. ofthe government of Gurabinnen, 65 m, E.
Konigaberg, Lon, 22° 35' E, Lat 54° 31' N, Pop.
5,300, Gumpaltskirchen, t. Austria, 8 ra. S, Vienna,
Gumsprings, p-v. Orange co, Va,
Gumurginia, t. Thrace, on the great road frora
Salonica to Constantinople, 40 m, S, W, Trajano
polis, Pop, 6,000,
Gundavee, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 25 m, S, Surat,
Gundavow, t. Hind, in Gujerat Lon, 68° 47'
E, Lat 21° 50' N,
Gundelfingen, t. Bavarian states, on the Brenz,
where it^oina the Danube, 19 ra, N, E, Uhn,
Lon. 10° 19' E, Lat, 48° 32' N,
Gunduck, diatrict. Hind, in Bejapore, Gun-
duck, the capital, ia in lon, 75° 42' E, lat, 15°
27' N.
Gunduck, r. Hind, which rises in Tibet, and
passing through Nepaul, separatea the province of
Oude from Bahar, and falls into the Ganges at
Hajpore, Gundwanah, province. Hind, extending from
19° to 25° N, lat. bounded N, by Allahabad and
Bahar ; S, by Orissa and the river Godavery ; E,
by Orissa, Bengal and Bahar, and W, by Malwah,
Berar and Allahabad. The more fertile portions
belong to the Nagpore Mahrattas, the remainder
to various chiefs of the Aborigines of the country,
caUed Goands, who are in a very uncivilized
.state.

302

HAA

HAA

Gungadi, t Africa, on the Senegal, 15 m, E

Gungpoora, or Kangpoora, t. and fort. Hind, in
Delhi, on the W, bank of the Jumna, Lon, 77°
E. 29° 4ff N,
Gunong Tellu. See Gonong Tello.
Gunpowder, p-v, Baltimore co, Md,
Gunpowder neck, peninsula, Hartford co, Md,
near the head of Chesapeake bay, between Gun
powder and Buah rivers.
Gunpowder, r. Western ahore of Md, which
flowa into Chesapeake bay, 12 ra, above the mouth
of the Patapsco, There are falls a few milea
above ita mouth.
Guns, or KaeSzeg, t, Hungary, 58 m, S, E, Vi
enna, Lon. 16° 3ffE, Lat 47° 22'N, Pop. 4,900,
Guntersdarf, v. Silesia, in the circle erf Grun
berg, Guntoor, one ofthe Northern Circars, in Hind.
onthe W, side of the bay of Bengal, imraediately
north of the Carnatic, and S. ofthe river Kistnah.
See Circars. Guntoor, the capital, is in lon, 80°
3ffE.latl6°2ff N,
Guntz. See Guns.
Guntzburg, t. Bavaria, at the confluence of the
Guntz and Danube, 15 ra. E, Ulm,
Gunzenhausen, t. Bavarian states, on the Alt-
muhl, 10 m. S, S, E, Anspach, Lon, 10° 4ff E,
Lat 49° 7' N,
Gurba, t on the E, coast of Tunis, 35 m, E, S, E,
Tunis, Gurbos, or Hammam Gurbas, t on the E, coast
ofTunis, 23 ra.E, Tunis. '
Giiriel, a. sraall territory on the E. shore of the
Black sea, south ofthe Phasis. It is subject to the
Turits. Gurk, r. Germany, which runa into the Drave.
Gurk, t. Carinthia, ou a river ofthe sarae name,
28 m. N. Clagenfurt.
Gurkfeld, t. Lower Carniola, ou the Saave,
Lon, 16° 36' E, Lat 46° 5ff N,
Gurrah Mundelah, diatrict. Hind, in Malwah,
between 22° and 24° N, lat and intersected by
the river Nerbuddah, It belongs to the Mahrat
tas, Gurrah, the capital, is in lon. 80° 15' E, lat,
23° Iff N,
Gurrumcondah, district. Hind, in the Carnatic,
between 13° and 14° N, Lat, and 78° and 79° E,
lon, Gurromcondah, the capital, is defended by
a strong-built fort, and was ceded to the British in
1800, along with the district, Lon, 78° 40' E,
Lat 13° 45' N,
Gurrumseir, district, .\fghanistan, on the Hel-
mund, between 30° and 32° N, lat
Gurtnomackan, r. Ireland, which runs into Gal
way bay, 8 m, S, Galway,

Gurudwara, t Hind, in Serinagur, Lon, 78° >
IffE. LatS0°2ffN,
Gusharen, t, Hesse-Cassel, at the confluence of
the Eber and the Fulda, 3 m, from Caasel,
Gussago, populoua place, Auatrian Italy, 3 m.
W, N. W, Brescia,
Gusten, t, Germany, in Anhalt-Kothen, 5 m, W,
Bernburg, 12 W. Kothen.
Gustrow, t Mecklenburg-Schweriu, on the Ne-
bel, 16 m. S. Rostock, 29 E. Wiatoar. Pop. 6,000.
Gutter, isl, in the Arabian aea, near the coaat of
Persia, Lon, 61° Iff E, Lat, 25° 16' N,
Guttstadt, t E, Prussia, on the AUe, 60 m, S,
Konigaberg, Guty, or Gaoly, a diatrict of the south of India,
between 16° and 16° N, lat, and 77° and 78° E,
lon. It belongs to the British, and is included in
the coUectorship of Bellary, Guty, the capital,
ia a celebrated fortreas. Lon. 77° 36' E. Lat. 15°
ffN. Gutzkow, t Poraerania, on the Peene, 28 m, S,
Sfralsund, Lon, 13° 2S E. Lat 53° Sff N.
Guyah, city, India, 265 m. W. N. W. Calcutta,
and a place of great idolatrous reaort It is a sta
tion ofthe Baptist Missionary Society.
Quyandot, Big, and Littk, 2 rivers, Va. which
run into the Ohio, between the Kenhavfa and San
dy rivers. Big Guyandot is navigable for canoes
60 miles.
Guyandot, p-v. Cabell co. Va.
Guyandot, r. Ohio, which runs info the Ohio in
Lawrence co. nearly oppoaite the mouth of Guy
andot river, Va.
Guyers, a smaU river which rises in Savoyi*
passes by Pont-de-Beanvoiain, in France, and falla'
into the Rhone.
Guselhisar, city, Asia Minor, on the site ofthe
ancient Magnesia, 70 m. S. E. Smyrna. It ia a
place of great frade, eipeciaUy for cotton and cot
ton yarn. It contains many rich merchants, par
ticulariy Jews. Lon. 27° 50' E. Lat 37° 46' N.
Gwadur, t. Persia, On the eoast of Mekran, 95
m. E. Churbar.
Gwennap, parish, Eng. in CornwaU, 6 m. from
Truro. Pop. 6,303.
Gwinnet, co. Geo.
Gwyradd, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 1,070.
Gy, t. France, in Upper Saone, 14 m. N. Besan
con. Pop. 2,100.
Gye sur seine, t France, 6 m, S, by E, Bar sur
Seine. Gyongyas, t. Hungary, 21 m, W. S, W, Erlau.
Lon. 19° 56' E. Lat 47° 48' N, Pop, 8,000,
Gyula, or Julia, t Hungary, 51 ra, E, Czon
grad, Lon, 21° 15' 45" E, Lat 46° 38" 45" N,
Pop, 4,250,

H.

Haag, t Bavaria, 28 m, E, Munich,
Haage, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 2 m,
S, W, Breda, Pop, 3,300,
Haane-krai-kiU, small r. N, Y, which joins the
Hudson on the W, side, at New Baltimore lan
ding. Haarburg. See Harburg.

Haarlem, Haerlem, or Harlem, city, Nethei-'
landa, in N. Holland. It ia on the Spaaren, 3 m>
from the aea, and communicates with Amsterdam,
Leyden, and the lake of Haarlem, by navigable
canals. Among the public edifices are an ele*
gant stadt-houae, and 15 churches, one of
which contains a very celebrated organ. Haar'

HAD
iem has long been celebrated for ita bleaching
grounds ; and the whiteneas of its Unen ia noted
throughout Europe ; lira. W. Amsterdam. Lon.
4° 38' E. Lat. 52° 22' N. Pop. 22,000.
Haarlem, or Harlem. See New-York city.
Hnarlem, Lake, Netherlands, in the province of
Holland, 14 ra. long. It lies between Leyden,
Haarlem, and Amsterdam, is navigable through
out, and communicates -wiUi the Zuyderzee
through the river Y.
Habehchwerdt, or Bistrice, t. Silesia, on the
Neisse, 1 1 m, S. Glatz. Lon. 16° 41' E. Lat 50°
14' N. Pop. 2,800.
Habergham Eves, t Eng, in Lancashire, 7 ra. N.
E. Blackburn. Pop. 2,839.
Habersham, co. Geo.
Habsburg, a baUiwick of Switzerland, in the
canton of Lucerne.
Habur, ial. in the Red sea, 6 ra. from the coaat
of Arabia. Lat 16° 45' N.
Hacho, r. S. America, which enters the AUan
tic ocean in lon, 72° 54' W. lat. 11° 31' 30" N.
Hacha, t S. America, at the raouth of Hacha
river. Hachenburg, t Germany, 17 ra, E. Coblentz,
Hackettstown, p-t, Sussex co, N. J, on the W,
side of Muaconecunk river, S m, above Roxbury,
22 W, by N, Morriatown,
Hockinsack, r. N. J, which riaea in New- York,
and running a aoutherly courae 4 or 6 raili^a from
the Hudson, rainglea with the Passaic%in Newark
bay. It ia navigable 15 miles,
Hockinsack, prt, and cap, Bergen co, N, J, on the
W, aide of Hackinaack river, 20 m, N, New-
York, Pop. 1,918. The public buildings are, a
court-house and jail, 2 churches, and an acade-
my- Hacknest, cape, Scotland, on the S. E. coast of
tiie ial, of Shapinsha, Lon, 2° 42' W, Lat 58°
SffN, Hackney, v. Eng, in Middlesex, 2 ra, N. N. E,
London, to whic'a it is joined by several new rows
and streets. It contains one parish church and
several chapels for dissenters, a free school, a
charity achool, aud 17 alma-houaea. ' Pop, 16,771,
Had, el, t. Algiera, 60 m, E, N. E, Oran,
Hadadrimmon, in Sac, Geog. a place in the val
ley of Megiddo, afterwards called the city of Max-
imian, Hadaja, t, Fez, 70 m, S. S, W, Melilla.
Hadamar, t Germany, in Nassau, 16 m, S, W.
DiUenburg. Pop, 1,500.
Hadau, t. Bavaria, 17 m, W, Sfraubing.
Haddam, p-t, Middlesex co. Ct, on the W, aide
of Connecticut river, 8 m. below Middletown, 23
below Hartford. Pop. 2,205, It contains 3 church
es, 1 for Congregationaliats, I for Baptiats, and 1
for Methodista, 'The amount of ahipping owned
in this place, ia 1,597 tona, employed in the coast
ing trade, and trade to the W, Indies, Here ia a
VEduable quarry of granite,
Had-dessa, mt, Tunis, at the extremity of the
Lake of Marks, entirely composed of salt,
Haddington, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap.
of Haddington co. on the Tyne, John Knox, the
famous reforraer, waa born in thia town. 16 m.
E. Edinburgh, 11 W. Dunbar. lyon, 2° 4ff W.
Lat55°6ffN. Pop. 4,370.
Haddington, or East Lothian, county, Scotland,
bounded E, by the German ocean, N. by the frith
of Forth, W, and S, VV. by Edinburgh co. and S.
and S, E. by Berwick. Extent, 297 aquare miles,
or 190,363 acres. It is one of the most fertile

HAF

303

counties in Scotland, and from its high state of
cultivation produces great quantitiea of wheat and
other grain. The western part abounda with
coal. Pop, in 1811, 31,057.
Hadda, t. ScoUand, in Aberdeen, 9 ra. N. N. E,
Inverary. Haddanfield, p-t, Gloucester co, N. J. 9 m. S. E.
by E. Philadelphia.
Hadeland, t Norway, 37 m. N. N. E. Christia
nia, Hadeln, diatrict of Hanover, at the mouth of the
Elbe, in the new province of Breraen. Extent,
126 square miles. Pop. 16,000.
Hadenvilk, p-v. Goochland co. Va.
Hadersdorf, t Auatria, 2Sm. N. W. Vienna.
Hadersleben, t. Denmark, in Sleswick, on a bay
of the Littie BeU, Pop. 3,200! 24 m, E, Ribe.
Lon, 9° Sff E, Lat 55° 15' N.
Hadjar el Hamar, v. Algiera, 27 ra. S. W, Cou-
atantina, Hadida, t, Syria, on the Euphrates, 30 m. S. E.
Anna. Hadie, t Yemen, in Arabia, 16 m. E. Beit el
Fakieh, Hadkigh, t Eng. in Suffolk, on the Bret, 64 m.
N. E. London, 7 W. Ipswich. Lon. 0° 67' E. Lat.
62° 3' N. Pop, 2,692.
Hadley, or Hadley ad Castrum, v. Eng, in Es
sex, noted for the reraains of its ancient castle.
iladky, or Moncton Hadley, v. Eng. in Middle
sex, 12 m. S. London. Pop, 718,
fladley, p-t, Hampshire co, Mass. on the E, bank
of Connecticut river, nearly opposite Northamp
ton, 20 m. N, Springfield, 97 W, Boston, Pop.
1,247, It is connected by bridges with Hatfield
and Northampton, The town ia laid out in 2 long
atreeta, parallel with the river, Hopkins' Acad
emy in this place, is a flourishing institution,
iladky, p-t, Saratoga co, N, Y, on Hudson riv
er, 17 m, N, Ballston-spa, 61 above Albany, Pop.
1,726, Hadbersleben, t, Prussian states, on the Bode, 23
m, S. W. Magdeburg.
Hadramaut, province of Arabia, occupying the
coast upon the Indian ocean, frora Yemen to Om-
raon, A considerable part ia aandy and barren,
but many of the hilly districts are extreraely fer
tile. It exports frankincense, gura-arabic, dra
gon's blood, rayrrh, and aloes,
Hmmus. See Bulkan.
Haerkbecke, t. Netherlands, in Flanders, on t'ne
Lys, 20 ra, S, W. Ghent, Pop, 3,000,
Haerlem, or Harlem. See New-York city.
Haesdon^, t Netherlands, in Flanders, 14 m.
N, E, Dendremond, Pop, 2,260,
Haf, an extensive bay or gulf of Pomerania,
formed by the Oder at its mouth. It is divided
into the Great and Little Haf, 36 railes long, and
from 1 to 9 broad,
Haf, a bay of E, Prussia, which communicates
with the Baltic by a small strait near Memel, and
ia separated from it by a narrow tract called Cit-
rische Nehrung. It is 31 miles long, and 18 broad,
Hof, bay ofthe Baltic, on the coast of E, Prus
sia, 63 railes long, and 13 broad. It communicates
with the sea near Pillau ; and between it and the
B'dltic is a long and narrow point of land, called
the Frische Nehrung.
Hafaiva, one of the Friendly islands in the Pa
cific ocean, 18 m, N. N, E. Annamooka,
Hafar, t. Khusistan, in Persia, 108 ra, S, Susa.
Haferttro, t. E, Prassia, 5 m, S, W. Konigs
berg.

304

H A G

Hafnerzell, t Bavaria, 8 m, N, Passau, Pop,
1,800. Hag's-Head, cape, Ireland, Lon, 9° 24' W.
Lat 62° 55' N.
Hagarstown, or Elisabethtown, p-t, and cap,
Washington co. Md. ia aituated in the fertile val
ley of Conegocheague, on the Weat bank of An-
tietara creek, 27 m. N, W, Frederickstown, 70 N.
W. Washington city, 79 W, N, W. Baltimore, It
ia regularly laid out, and containa about 300 hou
ses, principally built of brick and stone, a court
house, jail, market-house, and 4 houses of public
worship. The trade with the western country is
conaiderable, and there are a number of raills in
the neighbourhood,
Hagdanger, t. Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia,
9 m S, S, W, Hernosand,
Hagelsberg, v. Pruaaian part of Saxony, 2 ra, W.
Belzig, 43 S, W. Berlin.
Hagen, t. Prussian states, in the county of Mark,
onthe Vollme, Pop, 1,850, Lon, 7° 35' E, Lat.
51° ff N,
Hagen, t ofthe island of Rugen, 18 m, S, E,
Rugen, Sagenau. See Haguenau.
Hagenou, t Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe
riu, SO m, S, W, Schwerin,
Hagenbach, t France, on the Rhine, 12 m, S, S,
E, Landau, Pop, 900,
Hagenburg, t. in Lippe-Schauenburg, 15 m, W,
H anover, 46 S, S. E. Breraen,
Hagetman, t. France, in Landes, 7 m. W, St.
Sever, 5 S. E, Tartas. Pop. 2,350.
Haggein, a mountain of the Swiss canton of
Schweitz, remarkable for its triple top and fright
ful aspect.
Hoggenas, t. Sweden, in Jemptland, 17 m. N,
E, Osteraund,
Hagisa, t Arabia, in Hedsjas, 112 ra, S, E, Me
dina, Haglty, a parish, Eng. in Worcestershire, 174
m. N, Worcester, Pop, 610.
Hague, a large and beautiful toWn of Nether
landa, in S. HoUand, 10 ra, S. S. W. Leyden, 30 S,
W, Amaterdara, and nearly 3 frora the sea coast.
It is an open town, being surrounded only by a
moat with draw-bridges. It stands in a dry soil,
somewhat higher than the surrounding cojuntry.
The principal atreeta are wide, atraight and hand
some, and it is accounted one of the moat elegant
towns in Europe. The environs contain a num
ber of villas ; but their principal ornament is
the rural palace, belonging to the Orange fam
ily, above a mile north of the town. The Hague
became, so long ago as 1250, the residence of
the governors, or counts, of Holland ; and aince
that period, it has been, alraost without interrup
tion, the aeat of government. It is now, along with
Brussels, the alternate residence of the king and
legislature. The manufacture of porcelain, and
the printing of books, particularly French books,
are the only branches of industry entitled to no
tice. The Hague never was a place of trade.
Pop, iu 1817, 42,000, Lon, 4° Iff E, Lat, 52°
4' N,
Hague, p-t, Warren co. N. Y, on Lake George,
'22 m. N. E, CaldweU. Pop, 398,
Hague, t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y, on the river
St. Lawrence, above Ogdensburg.
Haguenau, t. France, in Lower-Rhine, on the
Motter, It ia near the frontier, and haa been the
object of frequent contention between the French

HAJ
and Austrians, Pop. 7,100, 20 m, N, Strasburg,
Lon, 7° 4ff E, Lat, 48° 4ff N,
Haha, a bay on the S, coast of Labrador, Lon,
59° 10' W, Lat 51° N.
Hahar, or Hair, district of Africa, in the part
of Sahara immediately bordering upon Tual^ or
Twat The principal town is called Hair, or
Tcrga, Hoi, city, China, in Kiang-nan, 310 m. S, S.E.
Peking. Hajar, t. Arabia, 140 m, S, W, Lachsa.
Haidingsfeld, t. Bavaria, 3 m. S. E. Wurzburg.
Pop. 2,000.
Haiduken-Stadte, i. e. Heyduks Touitis, a district
of Hungary, in the county of Szaboles, about 320
square milea in extent. 'The Heydukes enjoy con
siderable privileges, on condition that they riae in
arma on the first summons, when the country is
invaded. Pop. 25,000.
Haifa. See Caifa.
Haigerloch, t in the S. W. of Germany, in the
principality of HohenzoUem-Sigmaringen, on the
Eyach. Pop. 1,400 ; 36 m. S. S. W. Stutgard.
Hoigh, t. Eng, in Lancashire, the aeat of exten
sive iron-works. Pop, 1,1 18 ; 2 m. fr, Wigan,
Hailsliam, t, Eng, in Suasex, 67 m, S, by E,
London, Pop, 1,029.
Hailwestori, v. Eng, in Huntingdon co,
Hoimburg, t Ausfria, on the Danube, with
manuljcturea of woollens. Pop, 2,700, 9 m, W,
Presburg, 33 E, S, E, Vienna.
Haimer, v. Darfur, 60 m, N. N, E. CobUt
Haimer, t Nubian deaert, 60 m, S, Syene,
Hain, t, Hesse-Darmstadt, on tbe Maine, 6 m-
above Frankfort
Hain, t Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, 6 m, W, K.
W, GoUia.
Haina, v. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 7 m,
S, E, Landau.
Haina, r. St. Domingo, which runs north, and
falls into Haina, 12 m. W, of the city of St Do
mingo, Hainau, t. Silesia, 50 m, W, by N, Breslaw.
Pop, 2,000,
Hainault, province, Netherlands, inclosed by
the French frontier, Flanders, South Brabant and
Namur, Extent, 1,700 sq, railes. It ia in general
level, with beautiful undulating plains, and a
fruitful soiL It produces coal in laige quantities.
The chief towns are Tournay, Mons, and Charle
roi. In forraer ages it was called the county of
Hainault, and, in its most extensive sense, com
prised a considerable part of what is now the
French departments of the North and of the Ar
dennes ; a country which is still sometimes called
French Hainault, Pop, 473,000,
Hainburg. See Haimburg.
Haine, r. Netherlands, in Hainault, which falls
into the Scheldt at Cond^, It is narigahle by
means of sluices from Mons to Cond^.
Hainersdorf, t SUesia, in Neisse, 5 m, N, W.
Weydenau. Hainfield, t Austria, 23 m, S, W, Vienna,
Haingen, v, Wirtemberg, 24 m, W, S, W, Ulm.
Hai?isbocli, r. Boheraia, 12 m, N, Kamnitz,
Hainslaal, t. Austria, 4m, S, E, Laab,
Hajos, t Hungary, 74 in, S, of Pest Lon, 19°
7' E, Lat, 46° 24' N,
Haitcrbaeh, t. Wirtemberg, Pop, 1,500, 30 m.
S, S, W, Stutgard,
Hajygunge, t, Bengal, district of Dacca, ontiie
S, bank ofthe Ganges, Lon, 89° 53' E, Lat, 23»
31' N,

HAL

HAL

305

Hajygunge, t. Hind, in Oude, on the Goomty,
Hajykankachokey, t on the W, bank of the In
dus, inhabited both by A%hans and Hindoos, Lon,
70° 6' E, Lat 29° Sff N.
Hcgypoor, district. Hind, in Bahar, on the E.
side of the Ganges, between 26° and 26° N, lat,
Hajypoor, the capital, is on the Ganges, at ita
conflueace with the Gunduck, Lon, 85° 21' £,
Lat 25° 41' N,
Hajypore, t. Hind, in Lahore, belonging to the
Seiks, Lon, 74° 51' E, Lat, 31° 2ff N, There
are several other towns of the same name through
out India,
Haldubary, t Bengal, on the E, aide of Uie Ma
hanuddy river, Lon. 87° Sff E, Lat. 26° 2ff N.
Hakel, t Yemen, in Arabia, 40 ra. S. S. E. Abu-
Arish. Hakelsdarf, t Bohemia, 18 m. N.N. E. Gitschjn.
Haking, t. Austria, 6 m. W. Vienna.
Haklofen, t. Bohemia, 5 ra. N, W, Budweis,
Hala Holun, t Chinese Tartary, Lon, 124° Iff
E, Lat 42° 35' N.
Halasz, t. Hungary, iu Littie Kumania, on a
lake, 26 m, E,S,E,Kalvesa, Pop. 8,700.
Halbau, t Prussian states, 40 m. N. E. Dres
den. Halberstadt, a principality of the Prusaian atates,
forraerly an independent bishopric, now part of
the govemraent of Magdeberg. Extent, 580 sq.
mUes. Pop. nearly 100,000. It is fertile in corn
and flax. 'The inhabitants are chiefly Lutherans.
Halberstadt, city, Prussian states, cap, of the
above principaUty, on the Holzemme. The Cath
oUcs have three churches, and two monasteries ;
the Lutherans five churchea ; 28 ra. S. W, Mag
deburg, 62 S. E, Hanover, Lon, 11° 4' E, Lat
51° 64' N. Pop. 13,000.
Halbom Head, cape, ScoUand, in Caithness, on
the W. side of Thurso bay.
Halcsin, t. European Ruaaia, in Podolia, 23 m.
E, S, E, Braclaw.
Haldenskben, t Prussian atates, in the duchy of
Magdeburg ; 14 ra, N. Magdeburg. Pop. 3,200.
Haldenstein, v. Swiss canton of the Grisons, on
the Rhine ; 14 m. W. Coire.
Haldenwang, v. Bavaria, 54 ra. S. S. W. Augs
burg. Pop, 1,700.
Haldimand, co. Niagara disfrict, Upper Can
ada, Haldimand, t. Northumberland co. Upper Can
ada, on Lake Ontario.
Hale, r. Holstein, which runs into the Eider, 10
m, S. W. Renaburg,
Hale's Key, isl, in the gulf of Mexico, near the
coast of E, Florida, Lon, 82° 6' W, Lat 28°
4' N.
Hole-n, t Netherlanda, 20 ra, E, N. E. Louvain,
Hakness, cape on the E, coaat of SheUand, Lon,
1° 2ff W, Lat 60° 2' N,
Halenne, v. French Flandera, 10 ra, S, W. LiUe,
Halesowen, t. Eng, in Salop. Pop, 6,888, 74
ra. S. W, Birmingham, Lon, 2° 2' W, Lat, 52°
27' N.
Halesworth, t. Eng, in Suffolk, on the Blyth, and
having a canal to Southwold, by which bargea
paas regularly with corn, &c, for the London
market. Pop. 1,810. 101 m. N.E. London 32 N.
N. E, Ipswich, Lon, 1° Sff E, Lat. 62° 2ff N,
Haleta, t. Farsistan, in Persia, on the coast of
the Persian gulf, 10 ra. S, S. E. Bushire,
Haley's bridge, p-v. Southarapton co, Va.
Hakysburg, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va. 39

Halfaia, t Sennaar, 160 m. S, S, W, Sennaar,
HalfGrunie Island, one of the Shetiand ialands
in the North aea, 2 m. S, Unst
Half-Hyde Bay, on the W. coast of the ialand
of Antigua, 2 ra. S. Reed point.
Halfmaon, N, Y, now divided into two towns,
Waterford and Orange, which see,
Halfmaon, p-t. Centre co. Pa, 15 m, fr, BeUe-
fonte, Half-Moon Bay, a bay on the W, coast of Ja
maica, 2 m. N. Orange bay,
Half-Moon Bay, on the N, coast of St, Christo
pher, 2 ra. S, E. Ragged point
Half-Moon Key, isl, near the south coast of Ja
maica, 3 ra. E. N. E, of Portland point
Half-Moon Key, isl, in the bay of Honduraa.
Lon. 89° W. Lat. 17° Iff N.
Half-Moan Key, isl. in the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 86° 2ff W. Lat. 16° Sff N.
Halfwayhouse, p-v. York co. Va.
Half-way-island, in Torres strait, a raile in cfr-
cumference. Lon. 143° Iff E. Lat 10° ff S,
Halgaver Moor, a moor of England, in Corn'-
wall, near Bodmin.
Halghton, v. Wales, in Flintshire, 4 ra. fr,FUnt
Pop, 342,
Halibut Head, a raountain, which forms the S,
extreraity of the peninsula of Alaska, on the W.
coaat of N. America. Lon. 197° E. Lat, 54°
27' N.
Halibut Island, in the N, Pacific ocean, about
40 m. frora the S. ahore of the peninsula of Alaska.
Halifax, a thriving market town and pariah,
Eng. in Yorkshire, long noted for ita wooUen man
ufactures. It is near a branch of the Calder, in the
midst of numerous waters, pecuUarly adapted for
mills and machinery, and coraraunicating by ca
nals with Manchester, Liverpool, Lancaster, and
HuU, A continued range of thriving villages and
country seats spreads itself over the whole parish,
one of the largest in the kingdora, being 20 miles
long by 17 wide. The chief manufactures are
shalloons, tammies, duroys, everlaatings, caliman-
coes, moreens, shags, aergea, baize, narrow and
broad cloth, coatings, and carpets. For the con
venience of trade, a cloth or piece hall haa been
erected in the town ; it ia a large and elegant
building of freestone, and has 315 separate rooms
for the reception of goods. Pop. of the parish in
1811,73,515; ofthe town, nearly 11,000; 197 ra,
N. W. London, 18 S. W. Leeds, and 40 S, W,
York. Lon. 1° 55' W, Lat 63° 44' N,
Halifax Bay, a bav on the N, E, coast of New
HoUand. Lat. 18° 49' S.
Halifax, t. Buckinghara co. Lower Canada, 45
m. S. E. Three Rivers.
Halifax, the capital of Nova-Scotia, is in HaU
fax CO. on a spacious bay or harbour called Che-
buctoo, of a bold and easy entrance, where 1,000
ofthe largest ships might ride with safety. The
town stands onthe W, aide of the harbour. At the
north extreraity is the king's naval yard, com
pletely built, and supplied with stores of every
kind for the royal navy. The harbour is open at
all seasons ofthe year, Halifax is entrenched with
forts of timber ; 40 ra, S. W. Truro, 84 E. An-
napolia on the bay of Fundy, and 167 S, E. St
Ann, in New Brunswick, Lon, 63° 35' W, Lat,
44° 44' N, Pop. 15,000.
Halifax, p-t. Windham co. Vt, 60 m, S, Wind
sor, Pop. 1,758.
Halifax, p-t Plyraouth co. Mass. 13 ra, N. W
Plyraouth, 35 S. E. Boston. Pop, 703.

306

HAL

Halifax, p-t Dauphin co. Pa, onthe E, side of
the Susquehannah, 13 m, N, Harrisburg, Pop,
1,365, HaUfax, co, Va. bordering on North CaroUna,
Fop, 22,133, Slaves, 9,663, At tiie court-house ia
a post-office, Halifax, co, N, C, inclosed by the counties of
Northampton, Edgecomb, Bertie, and Warren.
Pop. 15,620. Slaves, 6,624.
Halifax, p-t and cap, Halifax co. N, C, is pleas
antly situated on the W, bank of. the Roanoke, 7
m, below the Great Falla, and 70'by land from the
mouth of the river ; 36 m. N, Tarborough, 76 S,
by W, Peteraburg, Lat. 36° 13' N. It ia regularly
laid out, and contains a court-houae and jail. The
river is navigable to thia place for vessels of con
siderable burthen. A regular trading schooner, of
•45 tons, plies constantly between this place and
Norfolk. A canal is now in progress around the
falls of the Roanoke, which vrill open the naviga
tion for batteaux, for more than 130 miles above
the town.
Halifoan, t Sennaar, 10 m. S. Halfaia,
Haling, isl, English channel, near Portsmouth,
Hants, Lon, 0°67'W. Lat50°4ffN.
Halkirk, pariah, Scotland, in Caithnesa, Pop.
2,532. Hall, or Suabian Hall, fortified t Wirtemberg,
onthe Kocher. It haa two suburbs, and 6,500 in
habitants, chiefly Lutherans, who derive their
support from the brine springs, which produce an
nually from 70,000 to 80,000 cwt of saU, 30 m. N.
E. Stutgai-d, Lon. 9° Sff E, Lat, 49° ff N.
Hall, t. Sweden, 23 m. N, E, Stockholra,
Hall's Key, isl, in the bay of Honduras, Lon.
89° 10' W, Lat, 16° 10' N.
Halladale, r. Scotland, in Sutherland co. which
falls into the Pentiand frith 5 or 6 ra, S, E, Strathy
head, Hallam, Upper and Nether, two towns in York
shire, about 3 m, from Sheffield.
Hallam, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,410.
Halland, province in the S. W. of Sweden, bor
dering on the Cattegat Extent, 1,465 sq. milea.
Pop. 73,600.
Hallatan, t. Eng. 15 m. S, E, Leicester. Lon, 0°
4ffW, Lat 52° 34' N,
Halle, t Prussian states, in S'axony, on the
Saale. The university of Halle haa a high litera
ry reputation. Connected with it are the botan
ical garden, the theological and philological semi-
nariea, the schools of midwifery, the medical and
surgical clinical institute, the anatomical theatre,
the obaervatory, the society of natural history, &c.
In the suburb of Glaucha ia the orphan hoapital,
and Canatein'a establishraent for printing the
scriptures, erected in 1712, which is said to have
produced since that tirae nearly one miUion of
new testaments, and two miUiona of bibles. The
Lutherans have here seven pariah churches, and
the Jews a synagogue. The raanufactures are
woollens, stockings, silk, le'ather, buttons, hard
ware, &c, ; but the principal is that of starch. In
the vicinity are salt springs, which yield about
16,000 tons of salt annually. 22 ra. S, W. De.ssau,
66 S. by E. Magdeburg. Lon. 11° 6ff E, Lat, 51°
29' N, Pop. including the suburbs, 25,000.
Halle, or Haux, t. Netheriands, 10 m. S, W,
Brussels, Pop, 3,750,
Hallein, t. Lower Austria, in the Salt-Awrg
quarter, on the Salze, In the vicinity are suit
mine.'i, -wliich yield annually from 13,000 to 16,000
tons, Tvm-lh about 120,0t)0'. sterling. The .salt i.=

HAM
found in masses in the interior of a mountain caU
ed Durnberg, about 4 miles from the town. Pop.
4,600, Hallem is 9 m, S, E, of Saltsburg. '
Halliar, district, Hind, in Gujerat, extending
along the S. E. side of the gulf of Cutch.
HaU im Innthal, t Tyrol, on the Inn. It has a
convent and a mint. Ita aalt-worka produce an
nually above 270,000 cwt of salt ; 9 m. N. E, Ina-
prack, 48 N. Brixen. Lon. 11° 32' E. Lat 47*
17' N. Pop. 4,300.
HaUingdal, r. Norway, which runs into the bay
of Christiania, near Holmeatrand,
Halliwell, t. Eng. in Lancaahfre, 3 m, N, W.
Great Bolton, Pop. 1,822,
Halloughton. See Hallaton.
Hallowell, t. Prince Edward co. Upper Canada,
on Lake Ontario.
hallowell, p-t. Kennebeck co. Me. on Kenne
beck river, at the head oi the tide, 2 miles below
Augusta, 54 N.E. Portland. Lat 44° IffN. Pop.
2,068. Within a few years it has increased very
rapidly, and is now one of the most wealthy, pop
ulous, and flourishing towns in Maine. The prm
cipal viUage is on the W. bank of the river, and
contains an academy, a bank, 2 meeting-houses, 2
printing offices, several fine brick stores, and more
than 200 dweUing-houses, The surroimdiiig coun
try is fertile, and beef, pork, pot and pearl ashes,
flour, and lumber, are brought hither for exporta
tion. The river is narigable to this place for ves
sels of ISO tons.
HaU's river, N. H. a head water ofthe Connecti
cut It flows from the N. W. and its mouth is in
lat, 45° N.
HaUstadt, t Austria, on a lake to which it gives
name, 26 m. S. Geraunden,
Halmoe, small isl. in the Baltic, belonging to
Denraark, near the N, E, coast of the island of
Arroe, Lon, 10° Sff E,
Halmsladt, t. Sweden, cap, of Halland, on the
Cattegat, at the mouth of the Nissa. Pop, 1,350,
96 m. W. N. W. Cariscrona. Lon. 12° 37' E.
Lat, 56° 39' 45" N,
Holsall, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. W
Ormskirk. Halstead, t Eng. in Essex. Pop. 3,280. 46 m, N.
E, London.
Haltern, t. Prassian Westphalia, 20 m, S, W,
Munster. Lon. 7° 17' E. Lat 51° 45' N.
Halton, or Haulton, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 13 m.
N.E. Chester. Pop. 894.
Haltwhistk, t Eng, in Northumberland, 37 m.
W. Newcastle, Lon, 2° 28' W, Lat. 54° 68' N,
Ham, a hamlet, Eng, in Surrey, on the Thames.
11 m. S, W. London, Pop, 781,
Ham, East, v. Eng, in Essex, 7 m. E, London.
Ham, West, v. Eng, in Essex, on the river Lea;
64 m. E. N. E. Stratford. Pop. 8,136.
Ham, t. France, on the Somrae, 42 m, S. E.
Amiens. Ham, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 50 m.
S, E, Thr6e-Ri^^ers,
Ham-bluff, cape, at the W, extremity of Santa
Cruz, in the West Indies, Lon, 63° 34' W, Lat.
17° 61' N,
Hamadan, or Amadan, a eity of Irak, in Persia,
supposed to be near the site ofthe ancient Ecbata
na, It ia a mart of commerce between Ispahan
and Bagdad, Lon, 4° ff E, Lat, 34° 63' N. Pop.
about 40,000,
Hamah, t. Syria, onthe Orontes, generaUy sup
posed to be the ancient Apamea ; 62 m, S, S. W.
-\leppo. Lon. 37° 10' E. Lat. 34° 45' N.

HAM
Hamiiiiiel, t. on the coast of Tunia, 30 m, S, Tu
nis, Lon, 10° Sff E, Lat 36° Iff N,
Hamar. See Hammer.
Hamath, iu Sac, Geog. a place on the N. border
ef Canaan. It 'was, in later times, called Epiph
any, Hambach, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 5 ra.
N. E, Landau, 16 S. W, Manheim, Pop, 1,050.
Hambach, t Bavarian states, 6 m, N, N, W.
Arabe rg,
Hambalo, See Ambato.
Hambic, or Hambye, t, France, in La Manche,
9 m, S, E, Coutances, Pop, 3,550-
Hamble, t. Eng, in Hants, 5 m, S, E. South-
atnpton, Hombledon, t. Eng, in Hampahire, 64 m, S, W.
London, 13 E. Southampton,
Hambre, t. France, in Mayenne, 10 m, S, E,
Mayenne. Hamburg, p-t, Niagara co. N, Y, on lake Erie,
S, of Buffalo.
Hamburg on the Lake, p-v. Niagara co, N, Y,
Hamburg, p-t, Suasex co, N, J, 18 m, fr. Go
shen, (N. Y.) 20 fr. Newton,
Hamburg, p-t, Berks co. Pa. on the E, side of
the SchuylkiU, 18 m, N, by W, Reading, 70 N, N,
W. Philadelphia,
Hamburg, p-t Stark co, Ohio, 10 m, S, E, Can
ton, Hamburgh, a free city, and the greatest com
mercial town in Germany, ia on the N, bank of
the Elbe, 78 m. from its raouth, at the j unction of
the Alster, which comea in from the north. The
streets are narrow, crowded, and irregular, and the
houses awkward and old fashioned. They are in
general of great height, andbuiltof brick and wood.
There are, however, exceptions, particularly iu
the quarter called the New Town, many of the
houaea being neatly built, and some streets ele
gant. Hamburgh covers a large extent of ground,
but nearly a third of the space included by the
walls is occupied by canals, piers, and the basin
formed by the Alster. Formerly, brewing waa
the chief employment here. The refining of su
gar employed, in the beginning of thia century,
more than 300 houses, and ia atill considerable.
The printing of cotton, linen, and handkerchiefs,
gives occupation to many hundred workraen.
The dye-works, and the machinery for twisting to
bacco, are also of conaiderable extent. But aince
1793, Hamburgh haa been gradually exchanging
ita raanufacturing for a raercantile character. It
is admirably situated for trade, possessing an ex
tensive water communication witli tbe interior by
the Elbe, which is navigable throughout all Sax
ony, even to Bohemia. The Alster, though far
inferior in size, carriea boats, with the aid of a
canal, all the way to Lubeck, on the Baltic. Ac
cordingly, Hamburgh has long been a coinn)"rciEl
place of the firat importance, particu^'rly during
a war araong the maritirae powers. The vessels
which arrive at this port frora different countries,
in the course of a year, are about 2,000, raore than
one-third of which arc from Great Britain. — The
established religion ia the Lutheran, but complete
toleration prevails. Here are many patriotic and
charitable institutions ; and no Protestant city of
ita size contains a greater number of hospitals.
The revenue of the orphan-house is estimated at
6,000/. sterling. The town library containa
100,000 volumes, but is deficient in late publica-
tiooa. The city revenue ia more than 150,000/, The
territory of Hamburgh embraces about 133sq,milee,

HAM

301

tt conaists of a amall district lying around the
city, of the town and baiUwick of Cuxhaven, at
the mouth of the Elbe, and of some viUages acatter
ed in the duchy of Holatein, Hamburgh ia con
nected with Frankfort, Lubeck, and Bremen, in
some commercial regulations ; and they still re
tain the old name of Hanse-towns, The Congress
of Vienna gave Hamburgh a vote in the Ger
manic diet, in conjunction with Frankfort, Lu
beck, and Bremen. It stands 39 ra. S, S, W, Lu-
beck, 84 N. Hanover, 448 N, E. London. Lon, 9°
Sff 35" E, Lat, 53° 32' 51" N, Pop, 107,000; or,
including the territory, 129,800,
Hamden. See Hampden.
Hamden, t. New Haven co, Ct, 54 ra. N. New-
Haven, Pop, 1,716. In this town, 2 miles from
the city of New Haven, is the extensive gun-man
ufactory, called Whitney's factory.'
Hameln, t. and fortress, in the 3, W. of Hano
ver, at the confluence of the Weser and the Ha-
mel. It carriea on an active traffic in manufac
tures of tobacco, hats, and woollena. 22 m. S. E.
Minden, 26 S, W. Hanover. Pop, 6,000,
Hami, country, of Mongolia, in central Asia,
in the heart of the desert of Gobi, now subject to
China. It containa only one city and a few villa
ges, Hamilton, cape, on the N, end of Newfound-
land, Hamilton, t. Scotland, in Lanark co, on the
banks of the Clyde and Avon, near their conflu
ence, and in the midst of a level, fertile, and
highly cultivated country. Near the town ia a
magnificent palace of the duke of Hamilton, 11
m. S. E, Glasgow, 38 W, by S, Edinburgh, 14 W.
Lanark, Pop, 5,453,
Hamilton, t. Gaape co. Lower Canada, on Cha
leur bay,
Hamilton, t. Northuraberland co. Up. Canada,
extending from lake Ontario to Rice lake.
HamUton, p-t. Essex co. Masa, 8 m, N, E, Sa
lera, 23 N, E, Boston. Pop. 780.^
Hamilton, co. N. Y, incloaed by the counties of
St. Lawrence, Franklin, Eaaex, Waahington,
Saratoga, Montgomery, and Herkimer,
Hamilton, p-t Madison co, N, Y. 25 ra. S, W,
Utica, HOW, Albany. Pop. 2,220. It contains
2 churches. The village ia handsomely built on
the main branch of Chenango river.
Hamilton, v. in Olean, Cataraugus co, N, Y, at
the head of navigation on the AUeghEuiy, where
it receives Olean creek. It is eligibly aituated for
trade, and ia an important thoroughfare in the in-
tercourae between the Atlantic and the Weatern
statea. 65' ra. S, Buffalo, 291 from Philadelphia,
294 W. Newburg, 260 N. E. Pittsburg, by water,
Hamilton, v. in Madrid, St, Lawrence co. N.
Y- en the river St, Lawrence, opposite Ogdeu's
island, Hamilton, Albany co, N. Y, See Guilderlandt,
Hamilton callesre. See Clinton.
Hamilton, t Franklin co. Pa, Pop. 1,263,
Hamilton, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. on the Schuyl
kill, opposite Philadelphia,
Hamilton, t. Northampton co. Pa, Pop. 1,044.
Hamilton bon, t. Adaraa co. Pa,
Hamilton, p-t Martin oo. N, C,
Hamilton, co, the S, W, part of Ohio, on Ohio
river. Pop, in 1816, 18,700, Chief town, Cin
cinnati, Hamilton, p-t, and cap. Butier co, Ohio, on
Miarai river, 26 ra. N, Cincinnati, 105 S, W.
Colurabus. Here isa printing office.

308

HAM

HAN

Hamilton, t, Franklin co, Ohio, 7 m, S,Cokim-
bua. Pop, in 1819, 835.
Hamilton, a port in the Bermuda ialands, and
now the seat of government,
Hamm, t. Prussian States, in the province of
Westphalia, near the confluence of the Asse and
the Lippe, Ita great article of export ia hams.
Pop, 3,100, 17 ra, S, Munster, Lon, 7° 53' E,
Lat, 51° 4ff N, ¦•
Hammait, t Tunia, 10 ra, W, Cabes,
Hammam Leef, t. Africa, where there is a cele
brated hot bath, 14 ra, S, Tunis,
Hammam Meskouteen, celebrated warm baths,
in Algiera, 46 ra. E, Conatantina.
Homme, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 6 ra,
N, Dendermonde, 16 E, N, E, Ghent Pop,
8,370. Hammelburg, t. Bavarian states, on the Saale,
27 ra. S, Fuldah, 18 W, Schweinfurt. Pop, 2,300.
Hammer, t. Norway, in Aggerhuua, 20 ra, N,
Christiania. Hammer Island, small ial, Sweden, in the Bal
tic, 4 m. E, Carlscrona,
Hammerfest, v. Norway, in Finmark, near the
North Cape, in lon, 24° 2ff E. and lat. 70° 39' N-
Hammersleben, t. Pruasian Statea, 17 m. S, W,
Magdeburg, 14 E. by N. Halberstadt. Lon. 11°
3ffE, Lat 62° 2'N,
Hammersmith, t Eng, in Middleaex co, on the
N, bank of the 'Tharaes, 34 m. W, London, Pop,
7,393, Hammerstein, t. Prussian province of the Low
er Rhine, on the Rhine, 6 m, N. N. W. Coblentz,
Hammond Cape, the W. extreraity of Kaye'a
island, in the Pacific, Lon, 216° E, Lat 69°
4ff N,
Hamnskar, 2 small islands in the gulf of Both
nia, one on the E, side, in lon, 23° 39' E, lat 63°
64' N, ; the other on the W, side, in lon, 20° E,
lat. 63° 25' N,
Hamaoze, the west division of Plymouth Sound,
in Eng, at the mouth of the Tamare, It forma the
harbor of the navy,
Hamont, or Helmont, t. Netherlands, 42 m. N,
Liege, Lon, 5° 4ff E. Lat 61° 15' N,
Hampden,^ p-t, Penobscot co, Maine, on the
W. side of Penobscot river, 10 m. S, S. W, Ban
gor, 28 N. W, Castine. Pop, 1,276, The Theo
logical Seminary which was eatabliahed in this
town, is now reraoved to Bangor,
Hampden, co, Mass. on both aides of Connecti
cut river, inclosed by the counties of Berkshire,
Hampshire, and Worcester, and the Stateof Con
necticut. Pop, 25,403, Chief town, Spring
field, Hampden Sydney coUege. See Prince Edward
county. Hampden, t, Geauga co, Ohio,
Hampshire, Hants, or Southampton, one of the
southern counties of England, on the English
channel, including also the Iale of Wight, and in
some points of jurisdiction the islanda of Jersey
and Guernsey, bounded S, by the English chan
nel, N, by Berkshire, E, by Surrey and Sussex,
and W, by Wiltshire and Dorsetshire, About
one half of the land is devoted to pasturage, one
fourth ia arable, and the reraainder is occupied
with extensive forests of oak, and large tracts of
waste and open heath, especially on the bordera of
Dorsetshire, Pop, in 1811, 245,080; of whora
21,400 famiUea were employed in agriculture,
'And 18,024 in trade and manufacturea.

Hampshire, co, in Quebec district. Lower Can
ada, on the N, side of the St, Lawrence,
Hampshire, co, Mass. on both sides of Connecti
cut river, and inclosed by Franklin, Worcester,
Hampden, and Berkshire counties. Pop, 24,523,
Chief town, Northampton,
Hampshire, co, Va. incloaed by the Potomac,
and the counties of Berkley, Frederick, and Har
dy. Pop. 9,784. Slaves, 929. Chief town,
Romney. Hampstead, v. Eng. in Middleaex, formerly re
sorted to for its mineral spring. Pop. 5,483. 4
ra. N. London.
Hampstead, t. Queens co. New Brunswick, on
the W, side of St, John's river,
Hampstead, p-t, Rockingham co, N, H, 24 m, S,
W, Portsmouth, Pop. 733.
Hampstead, p-t Rockland co. N. Y. 16 m. N, W,
New York, Pop, 2,313, It containa 2 churches,
1 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for Presbyterians.
The extensive iron works called Ramapoo Works,
are in this town,
Hampstead, p-v. King George co, Va,
Hampton, v. Eng. on the Thames, in Middlesex,
near which, among other elegant raansions, is the
magnificent palace of Hampton Court 14 m. W.
London. Pop. 1,984.
Hampton, Littk, s-p. Eng. in Sussex, at the
mouUi of the Avon. Pop. 882.
Hampton, p-t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the
sea coast, 10 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Fop. 990. It
contains 2 meeting-houaes, and an academy.
Hampton, t. Windham co. Ct 37 ra, E. Hart
ford. Pop. 1,274.
Hampton, p-v, in Weatmoreland, Oneida co, N,
Y, 11m, W. Whitesborough,
Hampton, t. Washuigton co, N, Y, 70 m, N, E.
Albany, Pop, 820,
Hampton, p-t EUzabeth-city co, Va.
Hampton falls, p-t. Rockingham co. N, H, on
the sea coast, 10 ra. S, W. Portsmouth. Pop. 570.
It contains 3 churches, 2 for CongregaticmaUsts,
and 1 for Baptists.
Hamplonvilk, p-t Surry co, N. C.
Hamza Burg, caaUe of Alniers, on the ruins of
the ancient Anzia, 46 m. S. S. E. Algiers.
Hanau, or Hanau Munsenburg, a lai^e tract
of country in the electorate of Hesse-Cassel, ex
tending along the N. bank of the Maine, Hanau
ia its capital. It is one of the richest disfricts in
the west of Germany, Extent, 470 aquare nules.
Pop, 74,000,
Hanau, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Kinzig, near its
junction with the Maine- A large proportion of
the inhabitants are occupied in manufacturing
watches, jewelry, camblets, and hats, but above
all, ailk, which employs aeveral hundred famUies,
It ia the chief commercial place of Hesse-Cassel,
13 m, E, Frankfort on the Maine, 30 S, S, E.
Wetelar, 27 E. Mentz. Lon 8° 59' E. Lat 50°
9' N. Pop. 12,000.
Hanou-Lichtenberg, a principality belonging
formerly to a younger branch of the counts of
Hanau, now shared between France, Baden, and
Hesae-Darmatadt Pop. 80,000.
Hanaza, r. Abyaainia, which approaches the
straits of Babelmandel, but before reaching them,
is evaporated or absorbed in the sands. >
Hancock, co. Maine, on both sides of Penobacot
bay,bounded N, by Penobacot co,E, by Washington
CO, S, by the Atlantic, and W, by Lincohi cd.
Pop, 30,031, Chief town, Castine.

HAN

HAN

309

Hancock, p-t, Hillsborough co, N, H, 13 m, E.
Keene, 28 S, W. Concord, Pop, 1,184,
Hancock, p-t, Addison co, Vt, 29 ra. S. W,
MontpeUer, Pop, 311,
Haruock, p-t, Berkshire co. Mass, 20 m, N, N,
W, Lenox, Pop, 1,049,
Hancock, p-t. Delaware co, N, Y, 22 m, S, W,
Delhi, 60 W, Kingaton, Pop. 578,
Hancock, p-t, Salem co, N, J,
Hancock, p-t Washington co, Md, on the N,
bankofUie Potomac, 25 m, S, E, Bedford, Pa, 11?
N, W.Baltimore,
Hancock, co. Western district of Geo, on the E.
side ofthe Oconee, Pop. 13,330. Slaves, 6,456
Chieftown, Sparta.
Hancock, co. Mississippi, on Lake Borgne, and
separated bv Pearl river from Louisiana. Pop. ia
1816, l,000r Slaves, 333.
Hancock, co. Oliio, formed in 1 820, in the Indian
reservation. Hancocfcs, p-v. Union co. S, C,
Hangman's Point, cape, Ireland, at the en
trance of Kinsale harbour, 2 m. S, Kinaale, Lon,
8° 2ff W. Lat. 51° 47' N,
Hango-Udd, promontory of Ruaaia, in Finland,
with a good harbour and village ; 20 m. E. Ek-
nas. Lon, 22° 57' 45'' E, Lat, 59° 4ff 20" N,
Hangtcheofou, a large and aplendid city of Chi
na, cap, ofthe province of Tchekiang, on the riv
er Tsien-tang, It is called by the Chinese the
Terrestrial Paradise, and is suppoaed to contain a
million of inhabitanta. The ailk trade ia here
very extenaive. This city communicates with the
sea by raeans of the river, but Europeans are
rigorously excluded from it Lon. 119° 46' E,
Lat. 30° 20' N,
Hongwell, t. and fort, Ceylon, belonging to the
B ritish. Lon, 80° 3' E, Lat. 7° 1' N,
Hanhikivi, small isl. near the gulf of Bothnia,
Lon. 24° 12' E, Lat 64° 33' N,
Hanldvesi, lake, Finland, in Kuopis, about 35
miles long. It communicatea with the river Sai-
raen. Hanley, t. Eng. in Staffordahire, 2 m. N, E,
Newcastie-under-Une, Lon, 2° 10' Vf. Lat 53°
2'N, Pop, 4,481.
Honna, r. Moravia, which falls into the
March, 2 m. N, Kremsier,
Honnochreen, amall ialand near the W, coast of
Ireland, 6 ra, E, Rinveel point Lon, 9° 10' W,
Lat, 53° 36' N,
Hannah's Bay, bay in the S, part of Jaraes'
bay, Hudaon'a bay, Lon, 80° W, Lat 51° 12' N.
Hannibal, p-t, Oswego co. N, Y, on the W, side
of Onondaga river, at its entrance into Lake On
tario, 30 m, N. W. Onondaga, 180 W, Albany,
Pop, 692. The vUlage of Oswego ia partiy in
thia townahip,
Hanno, small isl, in the Baltic, on the coaat of
Sweden, 40 ra, S, W. Bornholm,
Hannut, or Hannuye, t Netherlands, in Liege,
18 m, N,W. Naraur,
Hanover, a kingdom in the N, W, of Germany,
having the Elbe on the N, E, the German ocean
on the N, W, Dutch Friesland, with Prussian
Westphalia, ot0ie S, W, and Saxony on the
S, E, Extent, 14,600 square railes. It lies be
tween 6° 51' and 11° 51' E. lon, and 51° 18' and
53° 54' N, lat Pop, 1,303,100, of whom above
200,000 were acquired by treaty- in 1815, Since
theae atatea were in that year erected into a king
dom, the following division into eleven provinces
has been adopted:

Provinces.

Calenberg, - - . .
Gottingen, - - - -
Luneburg, - . - .
Hoya and Diepholtz, acquired
in 1543 and 1586, - - -
Hildeaheim, acquired partly in
1619, partiy in 1815, - -
Oanaburg, acquired in 1648,
Verden, acquired in 1715, -
Bremen duchy of, which ia dis
tinct frora the town,acquired in
1719, - - - -
Bentheim, acquired in 1753, -
East Friesland,acquired iu 1815,
Lingen, with part of the lordship
of Rheina, acquired in 1815,
The lordship of Meppen, acquir
edin 1815,

Extent in Sq.
miles. 1046

1220
4236 1420

920
520

2160 400
1100 166
700

Pap:
139,250 176,100
246,000 105,150
128,950 125,050 22,550

168,500 24,350
120,850 20,150
26,200

Total, 14,570 1,303,100
With the exception of the Hartz, and other ele
vated tracts which occupy part of the south, the
territory of Hanover consists of an immense plain,
with gentie undulations. In the south, the vallies
are fertile ; in the north there are raany barren
heaths and moors. The chief exports are coarse
linen, iron and copper from the Hartz, timber,
horses, and black cattle. The revenue amounts
to a miUion sterUng. 'The public debt does not
exceed a raillion and a half aterling. The Luthe
ran ia the prevaUing reUgion in Hanover, but
complete toleration is granted to aU sects. The
Calvinists amount only to 40,000, and the Catho
lics to 150,000, The nuraber of Jews ia between
8,000 and 9,000, The principal literary institu
tion ia the univeraity of Gottingen, esteemed one
of the first establishraents of the kind in Europe,
The king of Great Britain is also king of Hanover,
but the two countries are politically distinct
There have in fact been aeveral instances of the
aarae prince making peace with an eneray in the
capacity of elector of Hanover, while the king of
Great Britain continued at war ; and, in the con
vention of 26th August, 1815, for keeping up an
army on the French frontier, the king of Great
Britain bound himself, in due diplomatic form, to
pay a subsidy to the king of Hanover, At the diet
of Germany, the king of Hanover occupies the
fifth rank, taking precedence of all except Austria,
Prussia, Bavaria, and Saxony, jHe has four votes
at the general assembly. The crown is heredita
ry in the or^er of priraogeniture, and the succes
sion is limited to the male line. The king's power
has a counterpoise in the statea, which consiats of
the Wolfenbuttelnobility, the heads of the church,
and the deputies ofthe towna. No tax can be lev
ied, or new law made, without the consent of the
states. The govemment was formerly conducted
by a council of regency, but recentiy a viceroy
has been appointed,
Hanover, city, Gerraany, capital of the kingdom
of Hanover, ia on the Leine, a navigable river,
which afterwarda joins the Weser. It is aeparated
by the river into two parts, called the old and new
town. The elector's palace, where the regency
forraerly resided, is a large edifice, and ia now re
ceiving iraprovements, which will render it an el
egant building ; meantime, the viceroy, (duke of
Cambridge,) occupies a handsome mansion in the
immediate vicinity. The public library, founded

310

HAN

by Leibnitz, is also a good building. There are
6 Lutheran churches ; the Calvinists and Catho
lics have each their chapels, and the Jews have
a Synagogue, The inhabitants derive their chief
support frora the presence of the court, 28 m,
W, Brunswick, 154 W, Berlin, Lon, 9° 42' E.
Lat 62° 22' N, Pop, 25,060,
Hanover, p-t, Grafton co. N. H, onthe E. bank of
Connecticut river, 55 m. N, W, Concord, 98 W,
N, W, Portsmouth, 115 N, W, Boston, Pop,
2,136. The town containa 4 houaes of public
worahip, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap
tists, The principal village is aituated in a beau
tiful plian, about half a mile from the river, and
contains the buildings of Dartmouth college, and
about 60 dwelling-houses,
Dartmouth coUege derives ita narae from Will
iara Earl of Dartmouth, one of its principal bene
factors. It was founded in 1769, by the late Rev,
Dr. Eleazer Wheelock, and is one of the
most respectable and flourishing colleges in the
United States. The funds consist chiefly of lands,
amounting to about 80,000 acres. The re venue ari
sing from this source, is about 1,600 doUars a year.
This, with the tuition, makes an income of nearly
4,000 dollars. The college edifice is of wood, 150
feet long, 60 wide, 3 stories high, and contEiina
36 rooms, A Medical Institution has been con-
saected with the college since 1797, and is accom
modated with a brick edifice, containing besides
rooras for students, a. laboratory, an anatomical
museura, 2 lecture rooms, a chapel, and dining
faall. The college library contains about 4,000
-volumes, and there are 2 libraries belonging to
societies of students, each of which contains near
ly 2,000 volumes. The chemical and philosoph
ical apparatus are valuable. The officers of the
college in 1819, were a president, 4 professors, 2
lecturers, and 3 tutors. The number of students
was 147, exclusive of about 60 medical students.
The whole number who had been educated here
in 1816, was 1,190.
Hanover, p-t, Plymouth co. Masa, 15 ra, N, W,
Plymouth, 25 S, E, Boston, Pop, 1 17.
Hanover, v, in Paris, Oneida co, N, Y, on Oria-
kany creek,
Hanover, p-t, Chatauque co, (N, Y,) N. E, of
Chatauque, Hanover, p-t Morria co. N. J. on the Passaic, 16
m, N. W, EUzabethtown, Pop, 3,843,
Hanover, t. BurUngton co. N, J. Pop, 2,536.
Hanover, p-t, York co. Pa. on a branch of Cone
wago creek, which runs into the Susquehannah,
18 ra, S. W. York, 106 W. by S, Pliiladelphia. It
containa 2 churches, A newspaper ia published
here in the Gerraan language,
Hanover, t. Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 635.
Hanover, t. Washington co. Pa, Pop. 1,049,
Hanover, t. Beaver co. Pa, Pop, 1,090,
Hanover, t Northampton co. Pa, Pop, 1,291,
Hanover, New, t Montgomery co. Pa, Pop,
1,065. Hanover, East, t. Dauphin co. Pa, Pop, 1,387,
Hanover, West, t, Dauphin co Pa, Pop, 2,461,
Hanover, Upper, t Montgomery co. Pa, Pop,
925, Hanover, co, Va, between Chickahominy and
Pamunky rivers. Pop, 15,082, Slavea, 8,454, In
thia county is Washington-Henry Academy; at
Hanover, 9 m, N, E, Richraond,
Hanover, p-t, Columbiana co, Ohio, Pop, 734,
Hanover, t. Harrison co, Ohio, 5 m. N, Cadiz.
Hanover, t. Licking co, Ohio.

HAR
Hanover, t. Butler co, Ohio, 6 m. W, Roasville,
Hanovertawn, p-t, Hanover co. Va. onsithe Pa-
raunky, 6 m. above New Castle, 22 N. E. Rich
mond. Hanover Boy, or Chetamal Bay, on the E. coaat
of Yucatan. Lon. 89° 16' W. Lat 18° 45' J».
Hanover, New, couiitry on the N, W, coaat of
Araerica, between New Comwadl and New Geor
gia, extending from lat 45° 30' to 53° 15' N,
Hanover, New, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 148»
27'E. Lat2°4ffS.
¦ Hansbeeke, t Netherlands, in Eaat Flanders, 10
m- W. Ghent. Pop. 2,450.
Hmudorf, or Hanusfalva, t Hungary, in Saros,
1 2 m. N. E. Szeben. Lon. 21° 31' 35" E. Lat 49°
0' 25'' N.
Hanse Towns, the narae of a well-known asso
ciation of cities of Gerraany, and other countries,
for the protection of trade, which subsisted from
the 13th to the 17th centuries. In the height of
the association, the Hanseatic league consisted of
64 commercial towns, and was capable of carry
ing ou naval operations on a large scale. Lubeck,
Hamburgh, and Bremen stiU retain the name of
Hanse towna, and maintain a kind of coramercial
treaty with each other.
Hanslop, t, Eng, in Bucldnghamahire, 4 m, N.
W. Newport-Pagnel,
Hanson Point, the S, cape at the entrance into
Grav's harbour, Lon. 236° 7' E. Lat 46° 68' N.
Hansy, t. Hind, in DeUii, Lon. 76° Iff E, Lat
28° 46' N,
Hants. See Hampshire.
Hants, CO. Nova-Scoua, which contains the
townships of Windsor, FEdraouth, and Ne-wport,
Hanxlet, amall ial. in the gulf of Bothnia, Lob,
21° 30' E. Lat. 63° 19' N.
Hapae, or Hobei, a cluster of ialeta among the
Friendly islands, Lon. 186° 36' E. Lat 19° Sff S.
Hapsal, or Gapsal, t. Ruaaia, iu Esthorio, on the
Baltic, 60 ra. S, Revel.
Hapsal, s-p. Livonia, on the Baltic, 5 ra. S, W,-
Revel, Hapsburg. See Habsburg.
Harom, isl, in the Red sea, Lat 22° 18' N,
Haramfoe, a smaU island near the coast of Nor
way, Lat 62° Sff N,
Harun, in Sac. G eog. t. Mesopotamia, famous in
later times for Uie slaughter of Crassus and hia ar
my. Haratch, (ancientiy Savus,) r. N, Africa, which
falls into the sea 6 m, S, E, Algiers.
Harbach, i. Transylvania, which joins Uie Za-
bein near Hermannstadt
Harbacli, r. Wirtemburg, which falls into the
Muhr, 1 ra. N, W, Muhrhard,
Harbonnieres, t. France, on the Somme, 15 m.
E, Amiens, 11 S. W. Peronne,
Harborough, or Market Harbaraugh, t Eng, in
Leicester co, on the Welland, It has a conaide
rable manufacture of tamraies,lusfringa, &c, 83
m, N. W. London, 16 S. E, Leiceater, Lon, 0°
55' W, Lat. 52° 29' N. Pop, 1,704
Harbour Cope, the N, exfremity of Well'a bay,
on the coastof Maine. Lou. 70° 24' W. Lat 43°
IffN. .#
Harbour Island, one of the smaller Bahama isl
ands, N. of EleuUiera. Lon. 76° 44' W. Lat,
25° 5ff N,
Harbourg, small isl, in the English channel, near
the coast of France, Lon, 1° 5ff W, Lat 48°
39' N,

HAR

HAR

311

Harburg, t. Hanover, in the duchy of Lune-
liurg, on the Elbe, opposite Hamburgh, Pop,
3,650, 7 m, S, Hamburgh, 22 N, W, Luneburg,
Lon. 9° 6ff E. Lat 53° 2ff N,
Harcourt, t. France, in Calvados, 10 m, N, W,
Falaise, 12 S, Caen,
Hardangerfiord, arm of the sea, on the W. coaat
of Norway, between 59° 28' and 60° 26' N: lat,
Hordegg, t Austria, on the Theya, 50 m. N, N,
W, Vienna. Lon, 15° 42' E. Lat 48° 43' N.
Harden, co. Ken, on the Ohio, adjoining Knox
CO, Pop. 7,531, Slaves, 940, Cliief town, EUz
abethtown, Hardenberg, t. Netherlands, iu Overyssel, on
the Vecht, 10 m, S, W, Coeverden, Pop, 2,600,
Hardenberg, t. Prussian WestphaUa, in Berg,
14 m, E, N, E, Dusseldorf,
Hordenburg, p-t, aud cap, Breckenridge co.
Ken, Hordenburg mills, p-v, Delaware co, N. Y,
Hairden's cove, p-v. Randolph co. Va.
Harderwyck, t. Netherlands, in Gelderland, on
the Zuyder Zee, 28 m, N, W, Amheira, 40 E,
Amsterdam, Lon. 5° 34' E, Lat 52° 22' N, Pop,
3,750, Hordheim, t. Baden, on the Erf, 9 m, W, Bis-
choffsheim, 10 S, S, E, MiUenberg,
Hardin, co. Ohio, formed in 1820, in the Indian
reservation, Hardin, t. and cap, Shelby co, Ohio,
Hordiston, t. Sussex co. N, J, Pop, 1,702,
Hardurick, p-t, Caledonia co, Vt 21 ra, N, E,
MontpeUer, Pop. 734,
Hardwick, p-t, Worcester co, Mass. 22 ra. N,
W, Worcester, 70 W, Boaton, Pop, 1,657.
Hardwick, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware,
10 m. S. W, Newton. Pop, 2,561.
Hardwick, small t. Bryan co. Geo. at the raouth
of the Ogechee, 18 ra. S. by W, Savannah,
Hardwicke Boy, large bay, on the S, coast of
New HoUand. Lon. 137° 21' E. Lat, 34° 284' S,
Hardwick' s Island, isl. in Johnstone's strait, ou
the N. W. coast of Araerica, Lon, 134° 15' E,
Lat. 50° 26' N,
Hardy, co, Va, bordering on Maryland, Pop,
6,525. Slaves, 746. Chief town, Moorfields,
Hare Bay, bay on the E, coast of Newfoundland,
Lon. 55° 4ff W, Lat. 51° 2ff N.
Hare Island, isl. Lower Canada, in the river St,
Lawrence, 16 ra. above the confluence of Sague-
naw river, 103 below Quebec.
Harewood, t. Eng. in Yorkshir3, on the river
Wharf, 8 m. N, Leeds,
Harfieur, t. France, in Lower Seine, on the Le-
zarda, a amall river which runs into the Seine
near this place. It is frequently mentioned in
history. 5 m. E. Havre, 49 W. Rouen. Lon. 0°
12' 14" E. Lat. 49° Sff 2ff' N. Pop. 1,800.
Harford, p-t. Susquehannah co. Pa, Pop, 478,
Harford, co, Md, bounded N, by Pennsylvania,
E. by the Susquehannah, S. E. by Chesapeake bay,
and W, by Baltimore co. Pop, 21,258, Slaves,
4,431, Chief town, BeUair,
Harford, p-t, Harford co. Md, on Bush river, at
the head of tide water, 9 ra. S. E. BeUair, 26 N.
E. Baltimore.
Harg, s-p. Sweden, 35 ra. N, E. Upsal,
Hargia, s-p, Arabia, in Hadraraaut, 60 m, E, N.
E, Aden.
Harjedaleru See Herjedalen.
Heiriharra, in the maps Hurryhur, t. and for
fress, IndJo, in Bejapore, on the S, E. bank of

Toombuddra river. It now belonga to the Britiah,
Lon, 75° 4ff E, Lat, 14° 24' N,
Harlech, t, Wales, in Merioneth co. on the W,
coast, in the bay of Cardigan, Pop. 600. 23Q
m, fr, London, 24 S, Caernarvon, Lon, 4° 5' W,
Lat 62° 62' N.
Harleesville p-v, Marion co, S, C.
Harlem, p-t. Kennebec co, Maine, 16 ra, N, E,
Augusta, Pop, 939,
Harlem, or Harlaem. See New York city.
Harlem creek. See East river.
Harlem, t. Delaware co. Ohio, on Big Walnut
creek, E. of Delaware,
Harlem Isle, isl, off the N. W, coast of Ceylon.
Lon. 79° 54' E, Lat, 9° 41' N,
Harkston, t. Eng, in Norfolk, on the Waveney,
17 m, S, Norwich,
Harlingen, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, on the
Zuyderzee, Its harbor is large, and well fre
quented. The town is fortified, and naturally
strong, the adjacent country being easily laid un
der water. Pop. 7,300, 66 m. N. N, E. Amster
dam. Lon, 6° 24' E, Lat, 53° Iff N.
Harlow, t Eng, in Essex, 24 m. E. Loudon,
Harmon's creek, i. Va. which runa into the
Ohio, 1 m, above SteubenviUe, (Ohio.)
Harmony, p-t, Somerset co, Maine, 25 m, E.
Norridgewock. Pop, 351,
Harmony, t. Chatauque co, N, Y.
Harmony, p-v, Sussex co. N, J.
Harmony, p-t. Butler co. Pa, on Conaquenesing
creek. It was settled by a religious sect from
Germany, called Harmonists, who have now re
raoved to Indiana. See Harmony, (Indiana.)
Harmony, p-v. York co. S, C,
Harmony, t. Clark co, Ohio, Pop, iu 1819,
1,200, Harmony, p-t, and cap, Posey co, Indiana, on
the Wabash, It is settled by a religious sect from
Germany, called Harmoniats, who first settled in
the western part of Pennsylvania, They have
an extensive woolen manufactory, and also culti
vate the vine ; and are distinguished for terape-
rance; industry, and skill in their employraents,
Hamad, r. Hungary, which joins the Theysse,
llm.S. W.Tokay,
Haro, t. Spain, in Burgos, near the Ebro, 32 m,
N, E, Burgos, Lon, 2° 38' W, Lat 42° 2ff N.
Pop. 3,600.
Haroe, small ial, near the coast of .Vorway, Lat-
62° 52'N,
Horomszek, province of Transylvania, adjoin
ing European 'Turkey, from which it is separated
by the Carnathian mountains,
Harosheth, iu Sac, Geog. a place in the N. part
of the country eaat of the Jordan, on the river
Kishon, Harowly, t Hind, in Delhi, on the Jurana,
Lon, 78° ffE. Lat 27° 55' N,
Harpenden, t. Eng. in Hertfordshire, 4 m, S. St.
Alban's, Harper' s ferry, p-v, Jefferson co. Va, on the
Potomac, at the mouth of the Shenandoah, 21 ra,
W, S, W, Fredericktown, 24 E. N, E, Winches
ter, 65 N, W. Washington city. The passage of
the Potomac through the Blue-Ridge at this
place, ia celebrated for ita grandeur and magnifi
cence. There ia here an extensive establishment
belonging to the United States, for the manufac
ture of arms. The nuraber of raen employed is
about 260, and the annual expense has been, on an
average, about $100,000-

312

HAR

Harpersficld, p-t Delaware co, N, Y, 20 m, N,
E, Delhi, 56 S, W, Albany, 61 fr, CatskiU, Pop,
1,691, Harpersficld, p-t, Ashtabula co, Ohio, on Grand
river, 10 ra, W, Jefferson,
Harpeth, p-v, Williamson co. Ten,
Harponully, district, India, between 14° and
16° N, lat,
Harpswell, t. Cumberland co, Maine, 40 m, E,
Portiand, Pop, 1,190,
Harptree, East, v. Eng, iq Soraerset co, noted
for raines of lapis calaminaris ; 6 ra, N, Wella,
Harraton, t. Eng. in Durham, 8 ra, N, E, Dur
ham, Harriet Paint, cape, on the N, W, coaat of
America, Lat, 60° 24' N,
Harrington, a-p, Eng, in Cumberland, The
harbor has been recently much improved. Nearly
60 vessels, averaging 100 tona, belong to the port,
and are chiefly engaged in exporting lime and coal
to Scotland and Ireland, Pop, 1,629, 24 ra, S,
Workington, Harrington Point, point of land, on the W.
coast of the Duke of York's ialand, Lon. 227°
Sff E, Lat 56° Iff N,
Harrington, t. Waahington co, Maine, on Nar-
raguagua bay, 26 ra, W. Machiaa, Pop, 469,
Harrington, t. Bergen co. N, J, Pop, 2,087.
Horriorpore, t. Hind, in Oriasa, cap, of Mohur-
bunge, Lon, 86° 62' E, Lat. 21° 52' N,
Harris, peninaula, Scotland, in the Hebrides,
joined to what ia called the ialand of Lewia by a
narrow isthmus. The general aspect is moun-
tainoua and rocky. Extent, 191 sq. railes. Pop,
3,569, Lon, 6° 54' W, Lat, 67° 57' N.
Harris, Sound of, a navigable channel between
the peninsula of Harris and North Uiat,
Harris Point, the N, point of Port Malmesbu
ry, on the N. W, coast of America. Lat. 66°
17i N.
Harrisboraugh, t Richmond co, Geo, on Savan
nah river, a little above Augusta.
Harrisburg, t Lewis co. N, Y, 20 m, fr, Brown
viUe, 66 N, Rome, Pop. £72,
Harrisburg, p-t, Dauphin co. Pa. and capital of
the State, ia regularly laid out on the E. bank of
Susquehannah river, 97 m. W. N. W, Philadel
phia, 35 N, W, Lancaster, 184 E, Pittsburg, Lat,
40° 16' N, It contains a court-house, jail, 2
houses of public worship for Presbyterians, and 1
for Lutherans, and about 400 dwelling-houses,
principally of brick and stone. The State has ap
propriated |iI20,000 for the erection of a capitol,
the two wings of which are already built. The
space left between the wings is 320 feet. The site
of the building is a plat of 10 acrea, elevated 28
feet above the plain on which the town stands.
Pop, 2,287, ,
Harrisburg, or Cairo, p-v. Lancaster co, S, C,
Harrisburg, t. GaUia co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 7
in. S. GalUpoUs, Pop. in 1 815, 335,
Harrison, t. Cumberland co. Maine, 41 in, N,
W, Portiand, Pop, 439,
Harrison, p-t, Broome co, N. Y,
Harrison, t Westchester co, N, Y, 30 m, N, E.
NewYork, Pop, 1,119.
Harrison, co, Va, inclosed by the counties of
Ohio, Monongalia, Randolph, Kenhawa, and
Wood. Pop. 9,-058. Slaves, 469. Chief town,
Clarksburg. Harrison, co. in the N. E. part of Ken, Pop,
7,.652, Slaves, 1,105. Chief town, Cynthiania.
Harrison, ro, Ohio, between Jefferson and Tus-

HAR
carawas countiea. Pop, in 1815, 7,300, Chief
town, Cadiz,
Harrison, t Champaign co, Ohio,
Harrison, t Dark co, Ohio,
Harrison, t, Franklin co. Ohio, 10 m. N. E. Co-
lumbua. Pop. in 1819, 335.
Harrison, t. Hamilton co. Ohio, on the borders
of Indiana.
Harrison, t Knox co. Ohio, 16 m. S, E, Mount-
vernon. Harrison, t Licking co, Ohio,
Harrison, t. Muskingum co, Ohio,
Harrison, t. Pickaway co, Ohio, on the Scioto,
9 m. N. CircleviUe.
Harrison, t Preble co. Ohio,
Harrison, t. Ross co, Ohio, 10 m, E, ChiUicothe.
Harrison, t. Stark co, Ohio. Pop, in 1819, 410.
Harrison, co, Indiana, on the Ohio, Pop, in
1815, 6,769. Chief town, Corydon.
Harrison, p-t. Harrison co. Indiana. Pop,
1,183. Harrison, t FrankUn co, Indiana, on the N.
side of 'White water river, 8 m, above its mouth,
18 N, E, BrookviUe, 24 N. W, Cincinnati, In
thia town are many interesting mounda of anti
quity, Harrisonburg, or Rockingham, p-t, and cap.
Rockingham co. Va, on a branch of the Shenan
doah, 26 m, N, W, Staunton, 62 S, W, Stratsburg,
It contains a court-house and jail, and 2 churct-
es, 1 for EpiscopaUans, aud 1 for Methodists,
Harrison Cape, cape, on the E, coast of New
foundland, Lon, 67° W, Lat 54° ff N,
Harrison's store, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Harrison's stare, p-v. Franklin co. N. C.
Harrisonvilk, p-t and cap. Monroe co. Illinois,
on the Miaaiaaippi, opposite Herculaneum, 40 m.
N. W. Kaskaskias.
HarrisvUk, p-v. Bruns'wick co. Va.
Harrisville, t. Medina co. Ohio.
HarrisviUe, t. Harrison co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E. Ca
diz. Harrodsburg, p-t. Mercer co. Ken. on Salt riv
er, 10 m. N. by W. DanvUle. It contains about
80 houses and a church. Here is a mineral
spring, frora which epsom salts are obtained, aud
sold under the name of Harrodsburg salts.
Harrad's creek, r. Ken. which runs into the
Ohio, 10 ra. above LouisviUe. Near its mouth is
a faU of 6 or 7 feet
Harrow-on-the Hill, v. Eng. in Middlesex, fa
mous for its free school ; 10 m. N. W. London.
Pop. 1,689.
Harrowgate, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, famous for its
mineral springs. It is now one of the principal
watering placea in the north of England. Pop.
1,583, 3 ra. N. W. Knai-eaborough, 211 N. Lon
don. Harrowly, disfrict, Hind, in Ajmeer, between
25° and 26° N. lat and interaected by the river
Chumbal. Harsleben, t Prussian Saxony, on Uie Bode, 3
m, S, E, Halberstadt,
Harso, sraall isl, in the Baltic, near the coast of
Sweden, Lon, 17° Iff E. Lat 58° 44' N,
Hartberg, t. Styria, 34 m, N, E, Gratz, Lon,
16° 4' E, Lat 47° 16'-'N,
Hartenstein, t. Saxony, 6 ra, S, E, Zwickau.
Hartford. See Hertford.
Hartford, p-t, Oxford co, Maine, 12 ro, N, E.
Paris. Pop, 720,
Hartford, p-t Windaor co, Vt, on Connecticut
river, 14 m. above Windsor. Pop. ],.831.

HAR
Hartford, co, Ct on both aides of Connectici|t
river, inclosed by the State of Massachusetts, and
the counties of 'Tolland, Middleaex, New-Haven
and Litchfield, Pop, 44,743, Chieftown, Hart
ford. Hartford, city, Hartford co, Ct and one of the
capitala oftlie State, is regularly laid out, on the
W, bank of Connecticut river, 60 milea from its
mouth, 14 m. N, Middletown, 34 N. N, E, New-
Haven, 42 N, W. New-London, 74 W, Providence,
94 S, E, Albany, 98 W. S. W, Boaton, 123 N, E.
New- York, It is advantageously situated for trade,
being at the head of sloop navigation, and having
au extensive, fertile, and thrifty back country.
The amount of shipping owned here is about 9,000
tons, and during the year 1816, 278 ahips, brigs
and achoonera, and more than 200 smaUer vessela
ascended the river to this place. Pop, 3,956, and
including the townahip, 6,003,
The public buildinga are a State-house, a
state arsenal, 2 banks, 2 insurance companies, 8
printing offices, from 4 of which newapapers are
issued, a museum, an academy, an asylum for the
deaf and dumb, and 6 houses for pubUc worship.
There are also 8 distiUeries, an3 manufacturing
eatabliahmenta of various kinds. An elegant
bridge over the Connecticut, built at an expense
of more than .$100,000, connects the town with
£ast-Hartford, The American Asylum for the education of
the deaf and dumb, established in this city in
1817, ia the first institution of the land iu Ameri
ca. It is under the direction of Rev. Thomas IL
Gallaudet, who visited the celebrated achools iu
Europe toquaUfy himself for the charge. He has
4assiatant8, The number of pupils in 1819, waa
SO, The Congresa of the U, States has made a
generous grant to the Asylum of more than 23,000
acres of land; and the Legislatures of some ofthe
States have made appropriations for the support
of pupUa, The success of Uie institution has hith
erto been highly gratifying, and the improvement
of the pupils has equalled the most sanguine ex
pectations of their friends.
Hartford, p-t Washington co. N, Y, 8 ra, N, E,
SandyhiU, 54 N. Albany, Pop, 2,389,
Hartford, p-t, and cap. Pulaski co. Geo, on the
Oakmulgeg^SO ra.from MUledgeville,
Hartford, p-t and cap, Ohio co. Ken, Pop, 110,
Hartford, p-t TrumbuU co, Ohio, 8 m, W, War
ren. Hartford, p-t Dearborn co. Indiana,
Harthe or Harta, t. Saxony, 22 ra. S. E. Leipsic,
30 W.Dresden. ^ '
Hartland, fishing town, Eng. in Devonshire!
13 m. W. Bideford, 217 W. London.
Hartland, p-t Windaor co. Vt on Connecticut
river, 7 m. above Windsor. Pop, 2,352,
Hartland, p-t Hartford co. Ct 22 m, N, W,
Hartford, Pop, 1,284.
Hartland, p-t Niagara co, N, Y, on Lake Onta
rio, N.E,ot; Buffalo.
Hartland Point, cape, Eng. on the N. W. coast
of Devonshire, at the entrance into the Bristol
channel ; it forms the S, W. corner of Barnstaple
bay. Lon, 4° SO' W, Lat, 51° I'N. '
Hartkbury,v. Eng. in Worcestershire, near the
junction of the Stour wiUi the Severn, 10 m, N,
Worcester, Hartlepool, s-p, Eng, in Durham co, near the
mouth of the Tees, anciently a fortified town of
great strength. The harbour ia now choked up,
and the old defences in ruins. Pop. 1,047 ; 19
40

HAS

313

m, E, Durham, 254 N, by W, London, Lon, 1°
11' W, Lat64°42'N,
Hartkton, p-t. Union co. Pa,
Hartley, or Harttey Pans, s-p. Eng, in Northum
berland co. It owes its prosperity chiefly to the
mineral riches of the neighbourhood, and to the
excellent harbour of Seaton Sluice, half a mile to
the norUi, The works are principally of coala,
salt, copperas, and glasa. Pop. 1,872, 6 m, N,
Shields, Hart's store, p-v. Albemarle co, Va,
Hartsville, p-v, Sumner co. Ten, .
Harlvilk, or HoUow, p-v, Dutcheaa co, N, Y,
Hartwick, p-t, Otaego co, N, Y, on the Suaque
hannah, 5 m, S, W, Cooperstown, 71 W, Albany,
Pop, 2,002,
Hartz, or Har^, a raountain tract in the interior
of Gerraany, lying chiefly in the south of Hanover,
70 milea long, and 20 broad ; valuable for its mines
and forests. Iron, copper, aud lead, are wrought
here to a great extent, also zinc and sulphur, with
green, blue, and white vitriol. The inhabitants
ofthe Hartz are exempt both from taxes and from
military service ; but a tenth ofthe produce ofthe
raines belongs to govemment. The iron mines
are the most productive ; and their annual tenth
yields a revenue of about 115,000/, sterling.
Harvard, p-t Worcester co, Maas, 20 m. N, E,
Worcester, Pop. 1,431,
Harvard College. See Cambridge, Maas.
Harvey's Isle, isl. of the Pacific, Lon, 158° 54'
W. Lat 19° 18' S.
Harusa Islind, isl. on the coast of Norway, be
tween Bergen and Drontheim, N, of Broad sound,
Harutsh, an extensive range of mountains in
North Africa, situated to the east of Fezzan, where
it borders on the Lybian desert.
Harwich, s-p. Eng. on a peninaula on the Eaaex
coast, at the mouth of the Stour and the Orwell,
It is the port frora which the packets sail regular
ly in time of peace, for Holland and Germany;
the seat of a navy yard ; and also a considerable
bathing place. The harbour is of great extent ;
and forms, united to the bay, a roadatead for the
largeat ahips of war. Upwards of 3,000 tona of
shipping, and 500 aearaen, are employed in the
North sea fiahery, and a constant traffic is carried
on up the rivers to Ipswich and Manningtree,
Harwich sends two raembers to parliament. Pop.
in 1811, 3,732: 71 m, N, E, of London, Lon. 1°
17' E, Lat 51° 57' N,
Harwich, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending
from Lalte Erie to the river Thames.
Harwich, p-t, Barnstable co. Mass, 16 ra. E,
Bamstable. Bop. 1,942. It extends across the pe
ninsula, which ia here 6 milea wide.
Harwinton, p-t. Litchfield co, Ct, on Naugatuck
river, which aeparates it from Litchfield ; 23 m,
W, Hartford. Pop. 1,718.
Harwood, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 ra. W. Bury.
Pop. 1,432.
Harwood, Great, t, Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N.
E. Blackburn. Pop. 1,676.
Harwood' s Island, smaU isl. in the gulf of Geor
gia. Lon. 235° 4ff E. Lat. 49° 50' N.
Harsgerode, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Bernburg,
near the Hartz raountains ; 24 m. S. W. Bernburg,
44 W, S, W, Dessau. Lon. 11° 2ff E, Lat 61°
4ffN, Hose, r. Hanover, in Osnaburg, which falls into
the Ems near Meppen.
Hasel, r. Saxony, ivhich runs into the Werra at
Einhausen.

314

HAT

Haseloch, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 14 m,
S, W, Manheira, 9 N, N, E, Landau,
Haseloe, small ial, Denmark, in the Cattegat, 12
m, N, Zealand, Lon. 11° 45' E, Lat 56° 11' N,
Hoselune, t. Hanover, on the Haae, 7 m. E,
Meppen, Hasenpoth, t, Eu, Russia, in Courland, Lon,
21° 4ff E, Lat. 66° 6ff N,
Haslach, v. France, in Lower Rhine, 18 m, W.
Straaburgh, Hasle, a large and fertile valley of the Swiss
canton of Bern, Pop, about 12,000, The capital is
Meyeringen, Haslem, amall isl, Denmark, in the Cattegat,
Lon. 11° 51' E. Lat. 56° 21' N.
Haskmere, t. Eng. in Surrey. It ia a borough,
and aenda two raembers to parliament
Haslingden, t. Eng. in Lancashire, on the river
SwinneL Pop. 6,127. 17 m. N. Mancheater,
203 N. W. London, Lon. 2° Iff W. Lat 53°
42' N,
Hasparan, t, France, 13 m. S, E, Bayonne.
Hasseiah, t, Syria, 52 m. N. E. Damascua,
Hasseloe, small isl. Denmark, between Laaland
and Falster. Lon, 11° 54' E, Lat 54° 44' N.
Hasselt, t. Netherlands, in Liege, on the Demer,
15 m. N, by W. Maestricht, Lon, 5° 2ff E. Lat
50° 56' N, Pop, 6,000,
Hasselt, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, on the
Zwartewater, 10 m, E, Campen, Lon, 6° 1' E,
Lat 52° 38' N,
Hasser, properly Aseer, district. Hind, in Khan
deish, between 21° and 22° N. lat
Hasser, properly Aseerghur, t and fort. Hind,
formerly the capitalof Khandeish, Lon. 76° 21' E.
Lat. 21° 32' N,
Hasserode, t Prussian Saxony, on the Nolzem-
nie, 3 m. S. Wemigerode.
Hasslach, t Baden, on the Kinzig, 22 m, N. N.
E, Freyberg,
Hasslach, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine. 5 m,
E. Neustadt, 9 W. N, W. Spire, Pop, 2,850.
Hasteen's Ground, group of rocks in the Catte
gat, about 12 m. N. of Zealand. Lon. 11° 45' E.
Lat 56° 1 I'N.
Hastenbeck, v. Hanover, in Calenberg, 5 m. S.
E, Haraeln.
Haste river mills, p-v. Culpeper co. Va.
Hastings, ancient borough, Eng. on the eastern
extremity of Sussex, famoua for being the place
near which WiUiam the Conqueror landed in
England, and for the battle of Hastings fought in
the neighbourhood, in which he gained the English
crown, Itis now in great repute for sea bathing.
It is one of the cinque ports, and had formerly an
excellent harbour, which is now choked up. Pop.
in 1811, 3,848; 36 ra. S, E. Tunbridge, 64 S, E,
London, Lon, 0° 35' E, Lat, 50° 52' N,
Hotborough, or Hatfield, p-t, Montgomery co.
Pa. on tbe N, side of Panepac creek, which runs
into the Delaware, 5 ra. above Frankfort Pop,
662, Halchy, navigable r, Tennessee, which runa in
to the Mississippi, 19 m. N. of Wolf river.
Hoterash, ori Karacsh, a stupendous chain of
mountains in Koordiatan, on the southern shore of
ihe lake of Van,
Hatfield, or Bishop's Hatfield, t. Eng, in Herts
CO, on the Lea, It forraerly belonged to tho bifh-
ops of Ely, who Irad a palace here. Pop, 2,077. 19
m. N. Loudon.
Hatfield, v. Eng- in Yorkshire, in Hatfield
Chase- It is famoua for tbe. battle fought A. D.

H A V
633, by Edwin, the firat chriatian king of North-
umbria, against Cadwallo, king of Wales, and
Penda, king of Mercia. The extensive level of
Hatfield Chase is said to contain ,180,000 acres.
Pop. 1,487, 10 ra, N, Bawtry, 8 E, Doncaster.
Hatfield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass. on the W.
bank of Connecticut river, 5 m. N. Northampton.
Pop. 806. It is connected with Hadley by a
bridge. Hatfield, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 662.
Hothas, t. Hungary, in Szaboles, 11 m. N. De-
breczin. Lon. 21° 39' 17" E. Lat 47° 4ff 3ff' N.
Pop. 4,000,
Hatherkigh, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 28 m, N.
W. Exeter.
Hatky, t. Richelieu and Buckingham counties.
Lower Canada, on Lake Memphramagog. Pop,
1,000. Hatrass, fort and t Hind, in Agra, taken by Uie
Britiah in Febraary, 1817 ; 18 ra. S. Coel. Lon.
78° E, Lat27°4ffN.
Hallem, t Netherlanda, in Guelderland, near
the left bank of the Yssel. Pop.2y400. 9 m, S. E,
Campen, IS N. Devimter.
Hatteras, Cape, on the coast of N. C. Lon,
76° 30' W. Lat 36° 15' N. The weaUier is often
tempestuous, and many a good vessel has been
wrecked on this cape.
Hottiah, isl. Bei4:al, at the raouth of the Gan
gea, between lat 22° and 23° N. The Eaat In
dia corapany have here an extensive manufacto
ry for aalt.
Hattin^en, t Pruaaian Weatphalia, cm the Roer,
25 ra. N:"E. Duasddorf Lon. 7° 8'E. Lat 51°
IffN. Hatvany, t Hui^iy, in Heveach, on the Za-
gyva, 36 ra. E. N, E. Buda,
HatzfeU, t Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Edder, 22
m. S, W, Waldeck, 42 S. W. Cassel.
Havannah, the capital ofCuba,on the N, coast,
at the raouth of the Lagida, with the sea in its
front. The harbour is by many esteemed the
best in the world, being capable of containing
commodioualy 1,000 ships, -without either cable or
anchor, there being generally six fathoms water
in the bay. The entrance ia by a narrow chan
nel, so very difficult of access, that only one vesad
can enter at once. The channel is strongly forti
fied with platforms, works, and artillery, for half
a mile, which is the length of the passage. The
raouth of this channel is secured by two strong
caaUes. Besides theae fortificationa, the city is
surmounted with worka, all ofthem furnished with
artillery even to profusion. A square citadel is
erected near the cenfre of Uie town, and ia called
El Fuerte ; this work has alao heavy cannon. The
city contains 11 fine churches, 2 hospitals, a dock
yard, lazaretto, and numerous other public build
ings. During the stay of the fleet from Mexico, an
iramense comraerce is carried on. The importance
of this city and harbour has caused it to be re
peatedly attacked. Pop. estimated at 60 or 70,000.
Lon. 82° 23' W, Lat. 23° 9' N.
Havant, t. Eng. in Hampshire, 6 ra, fr, Ports
mouth, Haubcrvilkrs, t France, 3 m. N. E. Paria.
Haiibourdin, t France, 4 m. S. E. LiUe, 14 N.
Douay. Havel, navigable r. Germany, which joina the
Spree near Spandau, and falls into the Elbe below
Plavelberg. Havelberg, t. Brandenburg, in the Mark of Pri
egnitz, on an island formed by the Havelj at its in-

H A V

HAW

315

rhix into the Elbe, 9 m. S. E. Perleberg, 56 N. W.
BerUn. Lon. 12° 26' E. Lat, 52° 2' N. Pop.
2,000, Hauenstein, diafrict, extending along the Rhine,
between Waldaheet and Laufenburg, belonging to
the grand duchy of Baden. The passes of Hau
enstein are of great importance to the defence of
Switzerland on the north. The town of Hauenstein
is 3 m, E. Laufenburg.
Haverfordwest, t Wales, in Pembrokeshire, on
8ie W. branch ofthe Cleddau, which is navigable '
at apring tides for vessels of 100 tons burden. It
supplies the interior with goods, manufacturea,
&c. It is a county of itself, and aends one mem
ber to parliament. Pop, 3,093. 8 m. N. MUford
Haven, 17 N. Pembroke, Lon, 4° 57' W. Lat. 61°
4ff N,
HaverhiU, t Eng. in Easex and Suffolk^ 4 ra. fr.
Clare, Haverhill, p-t. Grafton co, N. H. on Connecticut
river, 30 m. above Dartmouth college, 31 N. W.
Plymoutii, 60 N.Concord, Pop, 1,105, Thecourta
of the county are held alternately here and at
Plymouth, The viUage ia handsomely built, and
contains a court-house, jail, an academy, and a
Congregational church,
Haverhill, p-t Esaex co. Mass. pleasantly situ
ated on the N, side of Merrimack river, 12 m, W,
S, W. Newburj'port, 27 N, Salera, 31 N. Boston,
Pop. 2,682. Many of the houses are neat and
well finished, "The town is chiefly built on
two sfreets, the principal of which runs parallel
with the river. It contains 4 housea of public
worship, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap
tists, 2 printing offices, and several raanufac
turing establislunents. The river is navigable to
thia place for vessels of 100 tons, and the trade
with the back country is considerable, Ship-
biiildiug is carried on here to some extent An
elegant bridge acrosa the Merrimack, 650 feet
long, and 34 wide, connects HaverhUl with Brad
ford, Haverslraw, p-t Rockland co, N. Y. on the
Hudson, 40 m. N, New- York. Pop. 1,866,
Hovilah, in Sac. Geog, 2 districts in Yemen,
Arabia, one of which was inhabited by the de-
scendenta of Ham, and the other bv the descend-
ents of Shem. The Hovilah, mentioned Gen. 2d
chap, ia suppoaed by aome to be a general name
for Arabia, and by othera to be a country on the
Euxine aea.
Hdupoul, t France, II m, S- E. Castres, 17 N.
Carcassonne, Pop. 3,060,
Havre de Grace, s-p. France, at the influx of the
Seine into the English channel. It is strongly
fortified. The harbour ia capable of containing
600 or 700 veasels, and has a depth sufficient for
ships of war of 60 guns. It is a place of rauch cora
mercial activity. Its importance arises from its
being the only eligible harbour along the whole
coast from Cherburg ; from the extensive inland
intercourse opened by the navigation of the Seine ;
and, above all, frora its being the seaport of Paris.
Its fortificationa were brought to their present
state of perfection under the govemraent of Bona
parte. 46 m. W.Rouen, 112 N. W, Paris, Lon,
0° ff E. Lat 49° 2ff N. Pop, 20,620,
Havre de Grace, p-t, and port of entry, Har
ford CO, Md, on the W. side of the Susquehannah,
at its confluence 'with Chesapeake bay, 6 ra. W,
Charleston, 37 N, E, Baltimore, '65 W, S. W,
PhUadelphia, Lon. 76° 12' W, Lat 39° S3' N, It

containa 40 or 50 houses. Amount of shippingin
1816, 1,636 tons,
Hauruca Isle, one of the Amboyna isles, Lon.
128°4ffE. Lat 3° 40' S,
Hausach. See Hausen.
Hausdorf, v. Silesia, in Glatz, 6 ra, E, by N.
Glatz, Hausen, or Hausach, v. Baden, on the Kinzig,
20 m. N. E. Rothweil, 26 S. E. Strasburg,
Hausruckviertel, a circle of Upper Auatria,
bounded by the Danube, the circle of the Traun,
and Bavaria, ao called from the Hauaruck, a
mountain and great forest within ita circuit. The
capital is Lintz.
Haute, or Holt, isl. the southernmost of the large
ialands in Penobacot bay, Maine.
Hauteville la Guichard, v. France, in la Manche,
9 ra. N, E, Coutances,
Hauville, t. France, iu Eure, 10 ra, E, by N.
Pont Auderaer.
How, r. N, C, which risea near the N, border of
the State, and joins Deep river to.form the N, W.
branch of Cape Fear river. It raay be easily made
navigable for 50 milea.
Hawarden, Harraden, or Harding, t Wales, in
Flintahire. Here ia a large iron foundery. Pop.
4,436. 7 m. W. Cheater. Lon, 3° 1' W. Lat, 63°
11' N.
Haweeza river. See Kerah.
Haweeza, city, aituated on the river Kerah, 50
m, N. N. E. Bassora,
Hawes, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m, S. W. Rich
mond, Hawick, t, Scotland, in Roxburgh co. aituated
at the confluence of the Tiviot and Slitrig. Lon,
2° 47' W, Lat, 55° 26' N, Fop, in 1811, 3,036,
Hawk's Bay, bay on the coaat of Alabaraa,
weatward of the raouth of Mobile bay, between
Pelican and Dauphine islands,
Hawke, t, Rockingham co, N, H. 19 ra, S, W.
Portsraouth, Pop. 412,
Hawkesbury, t Prescott co. Up. Canada, on the
Ottawa, Hawkesbury Island, isl. on the N. W, coast of
Araerica, Lat. 63° 36' N.
Hawkesbury, r. New Holland, which falls into
Broken bay on the E. coast. It rises among the
Blue mountains far in the interior, Settlementa
are raade on its banks by the British colony in
New South Wales. Veasels of 200 tona can as
cend 120 miles. After heavy rains, the river will
frequently rise suddenly to the height of 70 or 80
feet above its ordinary level, sweeping the adja
cent counfry with wide inundation, carrying
away the flcftks, herda, and habitationa of the set
tlers, Hawkeshead, t. Eng. in Lancashire, in a valley,
between the lakes of Windermere and Coniston,
and in the midst of great iron forges and furnaces,
38 m, N. W. Lancaster. Lon, 2° 2ff W, Lat. 54°
22' N. Pop. 676.
Hawkins, co, Tennessee, on Holston river.
Pop, 7,643, Slaves, 930, Chief town, Rogers-
ville. Hawkin's Island, isl. off the N, W, coast of
Araerica, in Prince WiUiara's Sound, Lon, 214°
10' E. Lat, 60° 2ff N,
HawksbiU mills, p-v, Shenandoah co, Va,
Hawley, p-t FrankUn co. Mass, 14 ra, S. W. by
W. Greenfield, 120 W. Boaton. Pop.,^031.
Haworth, t, Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 ra, S,- W,
Reighlev, Fop, 3,974.

316

H E A

Haw river, p-v. Orange co. N, C,
Hows, r. Wales, in Montgomeryshire, which
falls into the Severn at Aberhaws,
Hay, t. Wales, in Brecknockshire, on the Wye,
15 m, N, Breconj 21 W. Hereford, Fop, 1,100,
Hayay, r, Quito, which joins the Manay near
its entrance into the AmazonL
Haycock, small isl. Pa, in the Delaware, 7 ra,
below Easton,
Hay cock, t Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 836,
^ Hayde, t, Bohemia, 26 ra, S, E, Egra, 24 W,
Pilsen, Hoyden, or Ampezza, t.Tyrol, 14 ra, S, Brunegg,
Haydenheim. See Heidenheim.
Haydon Bridge, v. Eng, in Northuraberland co,
on the South Tyne, 6 ra, W, Hexhara, Pop, 1,347,
Haye, La, t France, 30 m, S, Tours.
Haye du Puits, La, t France, in La Manche,
12 m. N. Coutances,
Hayes, v. Eng, in Middleaex, 3 ra, S, E, Ux-
bridge, Hayger, t, duchy of Naasau, on the Dill, 12 ra,
E, S, E. Siegen. '
Hayle,v. Eng, in Cornwall, on the river Hayle,
Haymarleet, p-v. Prince Williara co. Va,
Haymarket, v. Muskinghara co. Ohio, on the
Muskingura, 9 ra, above ZanesviUe,
Haynes, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop, 1,791,
Haynichen, t. Saxony, on the Strignitz, 25 ra,
W, Dreaden, Lon, 13° 3' E, Lat, 50° 57' N,
Hayti. See Hispaniola.
Haywood, co.N.C. Pop. 2,780. Slaves, 171.
Haywoodsborough, p-t. Chatham co. N. C. on
theN. W. branch of Cape Fear river, at the'forks,
40 m. above FayetteviUe, 46 from Raleigh, Ef
forts are making to extend the navigation of the
river to this place.
Hazard, or Richmond Bay, in Hudson's bay.
Lon. 75° 5ff W. Lat. 56° 35' N.
Hazaree Bang, t Hind, in Bahar, Lon, 85° 20'
E. Lat 23° 58' N.
Hazebrouk, t France, 27 m. W. by N, LiUe,
Lon. 2° 37' E. Lat. 50° 4ff N. Pop. 6,600,
Hazeratnagm; t. Hind, iu Delhi. Lon, 78° 55'
E. Lat 29° ffN.
Hazir, t. Koordistan, on the river Hazir, at its
union with the Aras, S3 ra. S. W. Erbil,
Hazk green, p-v. Madison co. Missouri.
Hazle patch, or Rice's, p-v. Knox co. Ken,
Hazkion' s ferry, p-v. Knox co. Indiana,
Hazor, in Sac, Geog. t, Palestine, in the tribe of
Naphtali. It is also the name of a town in the
tribe of Benjamin ; also ofa country of Arabia.
Hazy Islands, in the Pacific, Lon, 225° 42' E.
Lat. 65° 55' N.
Hea, province of Morocco, on the Atiantic
coast. 'The chief towu is Mogodor,
Head of Chester, p-v. Kent co. Md.
Head af Cow neck, p-v. Queen co, N, Y,
Head of Sassafras, p-v. Kent co, Md,
Heaclingley, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, on tiie Aire,
24 m. N, W. Leeds.
Healthy Cove, bay of the island of Jamaica, on
the S, cokst. Lon. 77° W, Lat 17° 44' N,
Heanor, t. Eng, in Derbyshire, 9 m, N, E, Der
by, Pop, 1,912,
Heap, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 3 m, S, E, Bury,
Pop. 6,148.
Heath, v. Eng, in Yorkshire, 1 m, S, E, Wake
field. -
Heath, p-t. Franklin co. Mass, 12 m, N. W.
Greenfield. Pop, 917.

HED
Heathfield, pariah, Eng. in Sussex, 8 m, N. Hail-
sham. On the down here, was fought the cele
brated battle of Hastings.
Heath Point, the S. E. extremity of Anticoati
ialand. Lon. 62° W. Lat 49° 6'N.
Heaton Kirk, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 ra. N. by
E, Huddersfield,
Heaton Norris, t. Eng, in Lancashire, separated
from Stockport by the Mersey, Pop, 4,632, 6
m, S. E, Mancheater,
Heavitree, v. Eng. in Devonahire, 14 m, from
Exeter, Hebrides, or Western Islands, a cluster of islands
on the W, coast of Scotland, they extend about
180 raUea, from the Butt of Lewis, in 58° 35' N.
lat, to the small ialand of Sanday, in 55° 22',
Theae islands were anciently caUed Ebudse, He-
bridffi, and afterwards Hebrides. Theprincipalare
Lewis, Harris, North Uist, Benbecula, South
Uist, Sky, MuU, Jura, and Isla. The wholenum.
ber of islands and rocks are estimated to amount
to 300, of which 86 are inhabited, and are esti
mated to contain 70,000 inhabitants.
Hebrides, New, group of islands in the Pacific
ocean, between lon. 166° 41' and 170° 21' E. and
lat 14° 29' and 20° 4' S. They were discovered by
Quiros in 1506. The soU appears in general to be
fertile. The islands are inhabited by different ra
ces of people, and in general, they wantthat aym-
metry of atature possessed by the natives in the
other islands of the Southern Pacific ocean.
Hebron, or Kirfath Arba, in Sac. Geog. t Pal
estine, situated partly on a hiU, near the plain of
Mamre, 27 m. S. W. Jerusalem. The place stiU
retains the name Hebron, and is the resort of pil
grims, both Mahometan and Christian.
Hebron, p-t, Oxford co. Maine, 9 m, S, Paris, 35
N, by W. Portland, Pop, 1,211.
Hebron, p-t Grafton co. N. H. 35 m. N. Con
cord. Pop. 563.
Hebron, p-t ToUand co. Ct 20 m. S. E. Hart
ford. Pop. 2,002. It contains 3 churches, 2 for
Congregationalists and 1 for EpiscopaUans.
Hebron, p-t. Washington co. N. Y. 8 m. N.
Salem. Pop. 2,430.
Hebrus, river in ITirace. See Marissa.
Hechingen, t. inthe south-west of Germany, the
capital ofthe principality of Hohenzollern, aitua
ted on the Starzel, It contains 2,600 inhabitants,
and has sorae woollen raanufactures ; it is the res
idence of the prince, and Uie seat ofthe different
courts of the principality, 30 ra. S, Stutgard, 60
E. S. E. Strasburg. For the principaUty, see Ho-
hcnsolkm. Heckmondwick, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 7 m, from
Wakefield. Pop. 2,324,
Heela, a volcanic mountain of Iceland, in the S.
pai-t of the island, near Uie coast. Its height ex
ceeds 6,000 feet Though it has remained tran
quil for half a century, the number and extent of
its eruptions formerlyhave been greater than those
of almost any oUier volcano,
Hecstadt. See Hettstadt.
Hector, p-t Tompkina co, N, Y. bordering on
Seneca and Cayuga lakes, 10 m. S. Ovid, Pop,
1,653, Hector Cape, cape on the N, W, coaat of Amer
ica. Lat51°57'2ffN.
Heddinge, or Stor Heding, t. Denmark, in Uie
island of Zeahand, on the Sound, 20 ra, S, S, W,
Copenhagen, Lon. 12° 24' E. Lat 56° Iff N,
Hedemora, t, Sweden, in Dalecarlie, onthelalie

H E I
of Hofra, 67 m, W. N, W„ Upsal, Lon, 15° 54'
E, Lat, 60° Iff N,
r Hedemunden, t Hanover, on the Werra, 14 m,
S, Gottingen,
Hedesunda, t Sweden, in Gestricia, 20 m, S,
Gefle, Lon, 16° 4ff E, Lat, 60° 25' N.
Hedic Island, small ial, on the W, coast of
France, 6 m. N, E, Belleisle,
Hedon, or Headon, t Eng. in Yorkahire, for
merly a place of conaiderable frade, but now
much decUned, It sends 2 members to parliament.
Pop, 780, 8 m, E. HuU, Lon, 0° 9' W, Lat 53°
45' N,
Hedsjas, one of the diviaiona of modern Arabia,
It extends along the Red aea, from Mount Sinai to
the frontier of Yemen, The principal towna are
Mecca and Medina,
Heepen, v, Prussian Westphalia, 22 ra, S, S, W,
Minden, 5 E. by N, Bielefeld,
Heerenveen, t Netherlands, in Friesland, 18 m,
S, S, E, Leeuwarden,
Heeringen, t. Pruasian Saxony, on the Helrae,
6 ra. S, E. Nordhausen, 37 N. Erfurt Pop, 1,600.
Heerlen, t Netherlands, in Limburg, 14 m. N,
W, Maestricht, Pop, 3,600,
Heermund, r, Peraia, which rises near Cabul,
and after a course of about 400 miles, falls into the
lake of Zerrah, in Seistan,
Heidelberg, ancient city, Germany, in Baden,
on the Neckar, at the foot of a mountain called the
Giesberg, Heidelberg has long been a celebrated
place of education. Its university was founded in
1386, A liberal grant is made to it annuaUy, and
its reputation is increasing. The grand duke
of Baden, whose reUgion is the Lutheran, ia
himself rector. The number of professors ia
26, Uiat of students between 500 and 600, The
Ubrary contains 45,000 volumes. Several lit
erary journals are published in Heidelberg,
The churches are, 4 Proteatant, 1 CathoUc, and
one synagogue, 10 m, S. S. E, Manheim, 14 N,
E, Spire, Lon, 8° 41' E. Lat 49° 24' N, Pop,
9,826, Heidelberg, t: Dauphin co. Pa. 33 m, E, Harris
burg, 74 N, W. Philadelphia, Pop, 3,532,
Heidelberg, t. York co. Pa, Pop, 1,087,
Heidelberg, t, Berks co. Pa, Pop, 2,802,
Heidelberg, t, Northampton co. Pa, Pop. 1,433.
Heidelsheim, t. Germany, in Baden, on the
Salzbach, 17 m. S. Heidelberg, 14 S. E. Spire.
Pop. 1,850,
Heidenheim, t. Bavarian states, 17 ra, S. Ans
pach, Pop, 1,800,
Heidenheim, t. Wirteraburg, on the Brenz, 21
ra, 'N, W, Ulm, 60 E, N, E, Stutgard, Pop,
1,900, Heila. See Hela.
Heilbronn, t Wirtemburg, on the Neckar, It
has a well endowed academy, a public librai^, and
an orphan-house, 9 m, N, W. Lauenstein, 26 N,
Stutgard, Lon. 9° ff E. Lat, 49° 7' N, Pop,
6,500, Heiligenbeil, t. East PrassiEi, onthe Jarft, 28 m,
S, W, Konigaberg, Pop, 2,000,
Heiligenhaven, t. Denmark, iu Holstein, on the
Baltic, opposite the island of Femem, 40 ra, N. by
E, Lubeck, Lon. 10° 4ff E. Lat, 64° 27' N.
Heiligenheim, a-p. Holstein, SO ra. E. N. E, ICiel.
Lon. 10° 57' E, Lat 64° 2ff N,
Heiligenstadt, t, Pruaaian Saxony, near the
Leine, cap, of Eichsfeld, 49 ra, N. W.Erfurt, Pop.
3,560,

H E L

317

Heilsberg, t. E. Pruasia, on the river AUe, 36
m, S, Konigsberg, Pop, 2,300,
Heimseim, or Heimsheim, t. Wirtemburg, 2 m
W, N, W, Stutgard.
Heinkensand, v. Netherlands, on the ialand of
South Beveland, 17 ra, E. Flushing,
Heinrichs, t, Prussian Saxony, on the Hasel, 9
m, E, S, E, Meinungen,
Heinsberg, t. Prussian Westphalia, in Juliers,
10 m, S, E. Ruremond,
Heinsen, v. Hanover, on the Weser, 30 m. N,
W. Hanover,
Heisker, amall isl, of the Hebrides, about 2
leagues W, North Uist Lon, 7° 51' W, Lat, 57°
4ffN. Heitersheim, t Baden, on the borders of the
Black forest, 10 m. S. Briaac, 20 N, N, E, Bale,
Heitsbury. See Heytsbury.
Hel, r, Eng, in Cornwall, which falla into the
Channel, 4 ra, S, Falraouth,
Hda, t, Weat Prussia, on a peninsula, which
/runs into the Baltic, 19 m, N, by E, Dantzig,
Lon, 18° ff E. Lat, 44° 37' N,
Helbon, in Sac, Geog, the modem Aleppo. It
was famous for its wine,
Heldburg, t Saxony, principaUty of Saxe-Hild-
burghhausen, 13 ra, 'W, Coburg,
Helder, t. North Holland, opposite the Texel,
with a strong fortreas to defend the entrance and
roadofMara-Diep, Pop. 2,400. 24 m, N, Alk-
raaar, Lon, 4° 43' E. Lat. 63° 2' N,
Heldrungen, t. Prussian Saxony, in' Quefurt,
near the Unafrut Pop, 1,050. 20 m, N, Wei
mar, Lon. 1 1° 20' E. Lat. 51° 1 7' N.
Helen, Both of, remakable spring in Thrace,
near Cenchreae.
Helena, St. See St. Helena.
Helensburgh, v. Scotland, on the Clyde, oppo
aite Greenock.
Helgra, r. Sweden, which falls into the Baltic,
about 10 ra. S, Christianstadt.
Helicon a celebrated raountain of Greece, in
Boeotia, near tiie gulf of CorinUi. The modern
name ia Sagara,
Heligoland, or Helgoland, isl, in the North sea,
about 28 ra, frora the raouths of the Weser, the
Elbe, and the Eyder, On the High Land is a
light-house, in 7° 5ff 13" E. lon, and 64° 11' 34'
N. lat. which is visible at a distance of more than
27 miles. The island has two good harbours.
The inliabitants in number, above 2,000, subsist
chiefly by fishing and acting as pilots. The ialand
was taken by a British squadron in 1807, and ren
dered a depot for merchandize, which was smug
gled afterwards into the porta of the continent It
is still retained by the British,
Hellgate, atrait, in East river, N. Y. 8 m, from
New- York. It consists of numeroua whirlpools
among the rocks which here form the bed of the
river. The tides meet at Frog's point, a few
mUes above, and at certain times ofthe tide, the
roaring of the whirlpools ia treraendous. Veaaels
of any burthen may be conducted through this
atrait by a sldlful pilot.
Hell's Skerries, small islands of the Hebrides.
Lon.6°5ffW. Lat57°N,
Hellah. See Hillah.
Hellespont, now the Dardanelles, the ancient
narae of the long strait which dividea Asia from
Europe, and extends from the -Sgean Archipelago
to the sea of Marmora, Its breadth vaijes from 1
to 2 miles,
Hellet Allais. See Allais.

318

H E M

HelUn, t Spain, 19 m. S, Chinchilla, Lon, 1°
Sff W. Lat, 41° 17' N, Pop, 6,100,
Helme, r. Thuringia, which runa into the Una-
trut at Artera, 6 ra. S, Sonderahauaen.
Helmershausen, t. Hesse-Cassel, on the Diemel,
22 m, W, Gottingen,
Helmont, or Helmond, t Brabant, on the Aa, 15
m, S, E. Bois le Due, Pop, 2,600,
Helmsdale, r. ScoUand, which falls into the Ger
man ocean, 3 m. S. ofthe Ord of Caithness.
Helmsky, or Helmsley Blackmoor, t. Eng. in
Yorkshfre, 22 m, N, York, Lon, 1° 4',W. Lat.
54° 16'N.
Helmstadt, t. of the states of Brunswick, in the
principaUty of Wolfenbuttel, Though amall, it
contains several buildii^a worth notice, auch as the
church of St. Stephen, and the council-house. It
had a university founded in 1675, but it was aup-
pressed in 1809, and part of its library was sent to
Gottingen, 21 m. N, Halberstadt, 24 E, Wolfen
buttel, Lon, 10° 5ff E, Lat, 62° Iff N.
Helnaes, ial, Denmark, in the LitUe Belt, Lon,
10° 2' E, Lat, 66° 9' N,
Helsingbarg, t. Sweden, on the Sound, oppoaite
Elsinore, A pier of stone was lately construc
ted, which has greatiy improved the port. The
width of the sound is about three railes. Here is
the principal ferry from Sweden to Denmark,
Pop. 2,150, 30m,N,W,Lund, Lon, 12°43' E,
Lat, 56° 2'N,
Helsingfors, t. Finland, at the mouth of the
Wanna, with a very good harbour. The Rus
sians are now (1819) engaged in improvements,
which will make it an important naval station. 104
m, E, S, E. Abo, Lon, 25° E, Lat, 60° Iff N,
Pop, 3,200.
Helsingland, province, Sweden, bounded by the
gulf of Bothnia, and by Gesfricia, and Dalecarlia,
Extent, 4,470 square miles. Pop, 52,000, The
chief exports are iron and wood,
Helsingo, and Hehingoren, 2 small ialands in the
gulf of Bothnia, in lon, 22° 30' E, lat 63° 4ff N,
Helsingoer. See Elsinoer.
Helstone, t. Eng, in Cornwall, on. the Cobcr,
near its raouth. It has a good harbour, and con
siderable trade. It sends 2 raerabers to parlia
ment. Pop, 2,297, 12 ra, E. Penzance. Lon,
5° Iff W. Lat, 50° ff N,
Helvoetsluys, a fortified t S, Holland, on the S,
aide of the island of Voorn, It has an excellent
harbour, large enough to contain the whole Dutch
navy. Here are extensive magazines and dock
yards for the construction and repair of ships of
war ; also a naval school, supported by govern
ment. This is the regular station for packets to
England, 30 m. N. E, Middleburg, Lon. 4° 7'
E. LatS1°4ffN.
Helwickhead, cape, Ireland, the S. point of the
entrance into Dungarvan bay, Lon. 7° 33' W,
Lat, 52° 2' N,
Hemel Hempstead, t. Eng, in Hertfordshire,
23 ra. N, W. London, Lon. 0° 29' W, Lat, 61° 45'
N, Pop. 3,240.
Hemlock, lake, in Livonia, Ontario co, N, Y, 6
miles long and 4 broad, which communicates by
its outlet with Honeoy creek,
Hemmau, t. Bavarian states, 14 m, W, Ratis
bon, Hemmingfard, t Huntingdon co. Lower Cana
da, on the Province line, 34 ra. S, Montreal,
Hempfi,(ld, t, Westmoreland co. Pa, Pop,
3,444,

HEN
Hempfield, t Lancaster co. Pa, on the Susque-
hannah. Pop, 3,431,
Hempstead, p-t. Queens do, Long-Island, N. Y,
22 m, E, New-York, Pop, 6,804. It is on the S;
shore, and coraprises Rockaway beach, which is
rauch resorted to for sea bathing. The principal
part of Hempstead plain is in this town,
Hempstead plain, an extensive plain on Long-
Island N, Y, in Queens co. It is 15 miles long
and 4 broad, and has no natural growth ex
cept wild grass and a few shrubs. Large herda of
cattle feed upon it, and apart of it is now brought
under cultivation.
Hems, city, Syria, on the borders of the desert,
on the aite ofthe ancient Emesa. 1 20 m. S. Aleppo,
85 N. Damascus. Lon. 37° 2ff E. Lat 34° 25' N.
Hemsbach, t. Baden, 11 ra. N, E. Manheim,
Hen and Chickens, sraall islanda near the coaat
of New Zealand, Lon. 180° 1' W, Lat 35°
6ff S,
Hen and Chickens, araall islands in the Eastern
seas, Lou, 1 18° ff E, Lat 5° 30' S,
Henderson, p-t, Jefferson co, N, Y. on Lake On
tario, 8 m, S. of the mouth of Black river. Pop,
1,138. Henderson, co, in the N. W. part of Kentucky.
Pop. 4,703, Slaves, 1,514.
Henderson, p-t and cap, Henderson co. Ken. on
the Ohio, 76 ra. below Louisrille, 30 from YeUow
Banks. Pop. 169. Ithas considerable trade with
New-Orleans, principally in tobacco and cotton.
Hendersons, p-t. York co. S. C.
Hendersonton, p-t and cap. Montgomery co.
N. C.
Hendersonville, p-v. Nottaway co, Va,
Hendersonvilk, p-v. Newbury co, S. C.
Hendersonville, p-v, Sumner co. Ten.
Hendricks store, p-v, Bedford co. Va,
Heneago, or Hcneoguas, the two raoat aouthern
of the Bahama islands. Great Heneago, the larg
est, is 45 milea long, and 19 wide.
Henery, or Hundry, isl. about 10 m, S. Bombay,
and 1,2()0 yards from the mainland,
Henfenfeld, v. Bavarian states, in Nuremberg,
3 m. S. Hersbruck,
Hengestruby Head, headland, Eng. in the chan
nel, 2 m, S, Christchurch.
Henin-Lietard, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 6
m. N. W. Douay. Pop. 2,400.
Henley in Arden, t. Eng, in Warwick, 14 m, S.
Birmingham. Henley upon Thames, t. Eng, in Oxford, on the
Thames, 35 ra, W, London, Pop, 3,1 17,
Henley House, station of the Hudson's Bay
Company, in New Soutii Walea, on Albany river,
150 m. S. W. Albany fort, Lon. 86° 6' 64" W,
Lat 54° 14'27"N,
Henlopen, Cape, Del. the S, W, point at the en
trance of Delaware river, 28 ra. fr. Cape May,
Lon. 75° ff W. Lat 38° 47' N. Here is a light-
houae. Henneberg, forraerly a county of Saxony, lying
N, of the principality of Wurzburg, Extent, 850
sq. miles. Pop, about 100,000,
-Henneion, t France, in Morbihan, on the Bla-
vet, 6 m. N, E, L'Orient Lon, 3° 17' W, Lat,
47° 4ff N, Pop, 4,600,
Hennersdorf, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 3 m.
W, Lobau, Pop, 4,300,
Hennersdorf, v, Prussian Silesia, in Liegnitz, 5
ra, N, by 'W, Lauban, 67 E„ Dresden, Pop,
3,500,

HER
Hetmersdorf, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 6 m,
N, by W, Zittau. Pop, 3,000,
Henniker, p-t, Hillsborough co, N, H. 13 m. W,
Concord, Pop, 1,608,
Henrichemont, or Boisbelle, t, France, in Cher,
14 m, S, W, Sancerre, 20 N, E, Bourges, Lon,
2° Sff E, Lat, 47° Iff N Pop. 2,600,
Henrico, co. Va. inclosed by the counties of
Hanover, Charles city, and Goochland, and by
Jamea river. Pop, 9,945, Slavea, 4,456. Chief
town, Richmond.
Henrietta, t Ontario co, N, Y, on Genesee
river. Henrietta, Maria Cape, on the W, coast of
James's bay, Lon. 82° Sff W. Lat. 55° 15' N.
Henry, co. Va. inclosed by Franklin, Patrick,
Grayson, and Montgomery counties. Pop, 5,611,
Slaves, 1,755, Chief town, Martinsville,
Henry, Cope, Va. the S. point at the entrance of
Chesapeake bay, 12 m. S, Cape Charles, Lon,
76° W, Lat 36° Sff N,
Henry, co, Alabaraa,
Henry, co. Ken. on the W, side of Kentucky
river, at its confluence with the Ohio, Pop, 6,77'7,
Slaves, 1,137, Chief town, Newcastle,
Henry, co. Ohio, on Maumee river, formed in
1820, in the Indian reservation,
Henry, Cape, on the W. shore of Queen Char
lotte's island. Lon. 227° 454' E. Lat 52° 53' N.
Henshaw, t TrumbuU co. Ohio, N. W, of War
ren, Henshaw's Town, t. Calabar, in Africa, at the
mouth of Old Calabar river, Lat 5° 27' N,
Henslow, Cape, New Georgia. Lon, 160° 38'
E. Lat 10° S,
Heppenheim, t. Hesse-Darraatadt, on the Berg-
straas, 17 ra. N, N. W. Heidelburg. Pop. 3,200,
HeptonstaU, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 ra, W, Hal
ifax. Pop. 3,647.
Hepwarth, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 ra. S. Hud
dersfield. Heraclea, an ancient seaport and citadel of
Greece, on the gulf of Salonica, 24 ra. N. E. La
rissa, 43 3. S. W. Salonica.
Heraclea. See Eraklea.
Heraclias, smaU isl. of the Grecian Archipe
lago, 5 m. S. Naxia. Lon. 25° 2ff E. Lat. 36°
4ff N.
Herat, city, of Khorassan, in Persia, on the
high-road from Persia and Tartary to Hindostan.
It haa been, from tirae immemorial, the route of
all the caravans, and the depot of the commerce
carried on between the three countries, by which
ita inhabitants amassed great wealth ; and it has
alao been the route of all the invading arraies,
and has been often plundered, sacked, and burnt.
It now belongs to Afghanistan. Lon. 62° 20' E.
Lat 34° SffN.
Herault, departraent of France, on the Medi
terranean. Extent, 2,830 sq. miles. Pop. 300,000.
MontpeUer is the capital.
Herault, r. France, which runs into the Medi
terranean, below Agde, in lon. 3° 4ff E. lat. 43°
Iff N,
Herbignac, t. France, 20 ra, N, W. Savenay, 14
W, Pont Chateau, Pop. 2,700.
Herborn, t. duchy of Nassau, on the Dill, 3 m,
S, S, E. DiUenburg. Pop, 2,400,
Herbstein, t. Hesae-Cassel, 13 m. W, Fulda,
Herck, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 23 m. N.W.
Maestricht. Hercole, isl. in the Tuscan sea. Lon. 12° 11' E,
Lat. 42° 2Q' N.

HER

319

Herculanewm, ancient city, Italy, 5 m, E, by S,
Naples, It was destroyed by an eruption of Mount
Vesuvius, A, D, 79 ; and its aite had long heen a
matter of doubtful diacussion, as it had been com
pletely buried under volcanic substances to a
depth of 70 feet. At last, a peaaant, in 1711,
digging a well in his garden, found some pieces of
fine raarble. Excavations were soon coraraenced,
and a number of pillars, an amphitheatre in good
preservation, a baailica, two teraples, and a thea
tre were diacovered. Whole afreets have since
been cleared, and are found to be paved and flag
ged on the sides, A number of bronze statues of
all sizes, have been obtained; likewise pillars of
marble and alabaster, mosaics and paintings, ma
ny of thera in high preservation, various orna
ments of dress, kitchen utensils, household furni
ture, surgical instruments, and other irapleraents
of all kinds. The whole ia calculated to con
vey a coraplete idea of the manners of the age,
and to correct a number of erroneous ideas of
the arts and habits of the ancients. The
most valuable remains, however, are the manu
scripts. These are all calcined, and a number of
thera sunk into dust when exposed to the air.
About 1800, however, have been preserved ; and
there is reason to expect that many more may stUl
be found, 'and araong thera, perhaps some of the
missing classics. It appears that the inhabitants of
thia city had time to escape when it was destroy
ed, aa very few akeletons are found, while at Pora-
peii the number of skeletons is very considerable.
Herculaneum, p-t. and cap, Jefferson co. Mis
souri, on the Mississippi, 30 m, below St, Louis,
30 above St, Genevieve, 36 frora Mine a Burton
in the centre of the lead-mine country. Here
are store-houses for the lead, and several shot
towers, where shot is made. The value of lead
exported frora this place in 18 months, from Dec.
1816, to June 1818, was $170,000.
Herdicke, or Marien Herdicke, t. Prussian West
phalia, 4 ra. S, W, Schwcrte, i
Hereford, one of the western countiea of Eng
land, ou the borders of Wales, distinguished for
the variety and excellence of its agricultural pro
ducts. It ia bounded N, by Shropshire, S, by
Gloucester and Monraouth, E, by Worceater, and
W, by Brecknock and Radnor. Extent, 600,000
acres, or 970 aq, raUea. Pop. in 1811, 94,073;
12,700 familiea employed in agriculture, 5,043 iu
trade, and 2,438 otherwiae, *
Hereford, an ancient city, Eng, in Hereford
shire, on the N, bank of the Wye, It has never
risen to any eminence either in trade or manu
factures. It sends 2 merabers to pariiament. Pop.
in 1811, 7,306. SO ra, N, W, Glouceater, 32 W.
S, W. Worcester, 136 'W, N, W, Loudon, Lon.
2° 42' W, Lat. 52° 3' N,
Hereford, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the Province line, 96 m, S, S- E, Three-Rivers.
Pop, 200.
Hereford, t Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,140.
Herenscarpel, v. North Holland, 7 m, N. Alk-
raaar, H^ethals, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp, 16 m.
N, E, Malines, Lon, 4° Sff 29" E, Lat, 51° Iff
45" N, Pop, 3,000.
Herestall, t. Pruasian Westphalia, on the We
ser, 34 ra. E, Paderbom,
Herford, or Hervorden, t. Prussian Westphalia,
at the confluence of the Werra and the Aa, H'm.
E. N. E, Ravensberg, Lon, 8° 25' E, Lat 52°
S' N, Pop. 5,100,

320

HER

HER

Hergesl's Islands, a group of islands, in the Pa
cific ocean. They consist of Riou's, 'Trevenen'a,
Sir Henry Martin's, and Robert's isles, and ex
tend from lat. 7° 6ff to 9° 14' S. and from lon. 219°
47' to 220° 21' E.
Hergesl's Rocks, in the Pacific ocean, Lon,
219° 42'E, Lat 7° Sff S,
Heri, small ial. in the Eastern seas, 3 m. N. W,
Ternate, Lon, 127° ff E, Lat. 0° 54' N,
Hericourt, t, France, in Upper Saone, 25 m, E,
Vesoul, Herjedalen, district, Sweden, now included in
Gefleborgstoen, and bounded N, by Jemptland, and
W, by Norway. Extent, 3,200 sq, miles. Pop,
4,000. Herinnes, t Netherlands, in South Brabant, 17
ra, W, Nivelles,
Herisou, t. Swisa canton of Appenzel, 27 ra. S,
W, St, Gall, Lon, 16° 25' E. Lat 47° 23' 16" N.
Heriura, t. India, in Mysore, onthe Vedawatti,
Lon. 76° 37' E, Lat, 13° 46' N.
Herkimer, co. N, Y, on both aides of the Mo
hawk, inclosed by the counties of St, Lawrence,
Hamilton, Montgoraery, Otsego, Oneida, and
Lewis, Pop, 22,060, Chief town, Herkimer,
Herkimer, p-t, and cap. Herkimer co. N, Y. on
the N, aide of the Mohawk, 14 m, below Utica,
78 W. Albany, Pop. 2,743, The pubUc build
ings are a court-house and jail, and a church. It
contains 2 considerable villages : Herkimer vil
lage is on the W, bank of Weat Canada creek,
which here enters the Mohawk; the viUage of
Little Falls. is on the Mohawk, at the Little falls,
round which there is a canal, and lias great advan
tages for water worka,
Herkla, t. on the coast of Tunis, the Adrume-
tum of the earlier ages, the Justiniana ot the
middle, and the Herac/ea of the lower empire; 46
ra, S, Tunis,
Hermannstadt, or Szeben, (the ancient Cibinium,
or Hermanapalis,) large t, Transylvania, on the
river Szeben, in a beautiful plain. It is the chief
town of the Saxon settlers in Transylvania, the
place of deposit for their archives, and the seat of
some establishraents for the education of Protes
tants. Itwas forraerly the capital of Transylvania,
but in 1790, the seat of government was reraoved
to Clausenburg. 30 m. S, E, Weissenburg, 392 S.
E, Vienna. Lon. 24° 4' E. Lat. 45° 47' N,' Pop,
16,000. Hermanos^ 2 small islanda of the Philippinea,
about SO m, E, Mindoro, Lon, 121° 42' E. Lat.
13° ffN,
Hermitage, a hill of France, on the right bank
of the Rhone, N, of Valence, The noted wine,
called "Hermitage," ia produced here.
Hermitage, p-v. Prince Edward co. Va.
Hermite' s Islands, islands before Nassau bay, at
the S, extremity of Terra del Fuego,
Herman, in Sac, Geog, called also Shenir and
Sirion, a mountain iu the N, E. part of Canaan.
Its modern name is Djebel el Sheh.
Hermon^ t Penobscot co. Maine, 7 m. W. Ban
gor. Hermund, or Helmund, r. Afghanistan, #hich
risea W, of Cabul, and, running S. W. ia joined
by the Urghundah, and, after a course of 360
miles, empties itself into the sea of Zerra, or Aria
Palas. Hernad, r. Hungary, which falls into the
Theysse. Hernani, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa. 3 m. R. St. S.^-
bastiao.

Hernosand, government in the N. of Sweden,
comprising the provincea of Angermannland,
Jemptiand, and Medelpad. Extent, 18,000 sq.
railes. Pop, less than 100,000,
Hernosand, or Hemosund, t. Sweden, in Anger
mannland, and cap, of the govemraent of Herno
sand. It stands on the island of Herno, in the;
gulf of Bothnia, and is united to the continent by
abridge. Pop, 2,500, It has a good harbor, and
considerable trade. 240 m, N, by W, Stockholm,
Lon, 17° 6ff E, Lat 62° Sff N,
Hemstadt, t Silesia, 25 ra, E. Glogau, Lon,
16° 43' E. Lat 51° 33' N,
Heron Pass au, channel, Alabama, between
Gillori island and Uie main, on the W, side of Mo
bile bay at its mouth, Lon, 88° W. Lat 30° Iff
N. It has 4 feet water,
Herpf, r. Saxony, which falls into the Werra, 2
m, N. Meiningen.
Herradura, s-p. Spain, 16 m. W, Motril, 20 E.
Velez-Malaga, Herradura, port. Chili, in QuiUota, Lat 32°
44' S,
Herrengrund, t Hungary, 4 m. N. N, W, Neu-
sohl, situated in the midst of copper mines, aud
inhabited chiefly by miners.
Herring Bay, bay, Md. on the western shore of
the Chesapeake, 26 m, S, Annapolis.
Hermhut, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 6 m, S,
Lobau. It was built by Count Zinzendorf in 1722,
for the use of the Moravian brethren. It is well
known throughout Gerraany, both from the reU
gious tenets of the inhabitants, and the variety of
the raanufactures carried on here, which consist
of cotton and linen stuffs, atockinga, sealing wax,
hats, coloured paper, ribbons, and utensils of cop
per, brass, and steel. Before the erection of this
small place, the Moravian brethren were scatter
ed throughout the continent, and had never been
incorporated into a separate reUgious community.
It is now their capital, and from it they frequent
ly take the name of Hermhutters. Pop. 1,500.
Herstal, or Heristal, t. Netherlands, in Liege,
on the Maese, 4 ra. N. Liege. Pop. 4,760.
Hertford, one of the Midland counties of Eng
land, bounded S. by Middlesex, N. by Cambridge
and Bedford, E, by Essex and Buckingham, and
W, by Bedford, Extent, 530 sq, miles. The soil
is naturaUy barren ; but the vicinity of the me
tropolis has rendered it a very considerable agri
cultural county, and it ia every where in the
highest state of cultivation. Great quantitiea of
wheat, bEurley, aud oats are raiaed annuaUy, and
it is reckoned the first corn county in England.
Pop. in 1811, 111,654, of whom 1^000 families
are engaged iu agriculture, 7,200 in trade and
manufacturea, and 3,544 otherwise.
Hertford, t. Eng. cap. of Hertfordshire, on the
Lea, which is navigable for barges from the
Thames. Here is the East India college, founded
in 1 806, to co-operate with the faraoua college at
Calcutta, in training young men for the compa
ny's service. It is capable of accommodating 100
students, who, entering at the age of 16, are taught
for two years, or longer, if the directors think fitji
all the branches of college education, and also a,
course of oriental languages and literature. Pop,
in 1811, 3,900, 21 ra, N, London, Lon, 0° 4' W, .
Lat61°4ffN, Hereford, co. Lower Canada, on the S, side of
the St. Lawrence, bounded E, by CornwaUis co.
and W. by Dorchester co.

HES
Hertford, co, N, C, incloaed by Virginia, and
the countiea of Chowan, Bertie, and Northamp
ton, Pop. 6,052. Slavea, 2,805. Chieftown,
Winton. Hertford, p-t. and cap. Perquimana co. N. C, on
Ferquimana river, 18 ra. N, E, Edenton, Itis
pleasantly situated, and is a place of sorae trade,
Herve, t Netherlanda, in Liege, 8 m, N, W,
Limburg, 1 1 S, E, Liege, Pop, 3,300,
Hervey's Bay, large inlet, on the N. E, coast of
New HoUand. Lon. 152° 35' W. Lat 24° 4ff S.
Hervey's Point, the N, point of the island of
Egmont Lon, 164° ff E. Lat. 10° 42' S,
Herzberg, t. Hanover, in Grubenhagen, on the
Sieber, 14 m, S. Goslar, Pop. 2,600.
Hersberg, t Pruasian Saxony, on an island in the
Black Elater, 63 m. S. Potsdam. Lon, 13° 15' E,
Lat 51° 42'N,
Herzegovina, country, on the E, shore of the
Adriatic, Lat from 43° to 44° 20' N, The
southern and largerpartof it belonga to the Turks,
the rest to the Austrians.
Herzagswalde, v. Silesia, 24 m, W, by N, Glo
gau. Hesdin, t. France, in Pas de Calais, 12 ra. S. E.
Montreuil, 27 W. Arras, Lon, 2° 7' E, Lat 60°
22' N, Pop, 5,000,
Heshbon, in Sac, Geog. t Palestine, 20 m. E.
Jerusalem. It was on the borders ofthe fribes of
Gad and Reuben, and was sometimes assigned to
one, and sometimes to the other, and was alao for
a long time in the poasessfon of the Moabites.
Hesse-Cassel, an independent state in the west
of Gerraany, bounded by Hanover, the Prussian
atates, Hesse-Darmstadt, and Nassau. Extent,
4,350 sq. miles. Fop. 640,000, of whom the far
greater number are, like the reigning family, Cal
vinists. The territory is far from compact; it
conaiats of the following parta : Hesse, Upper and
Lower, containing 380,000 inhabitants ; the grand
duchy of Fulda, 64,0()0; the territory of Hanau,
74,000; and the lordship of Sohmalcalden, 22,000.
In general, the surface is hillj', and even moun
tainous. "There ia a university at Marburg ; that
at Cassel ia converted into a lyceum. The sove
reign holda the eighth place in the smaller Ger
manic diet, and has three votes at the larger as
sembly : hia title is " Elector of Hesse, and grand
duke of Fulda ;" and the succession goes by sen
iority, to the exclusion of females. The constitu
tion of the electorate is a limited monarchy, with
assembUes of statea. The military force amounts
to between 8,000 and 10,000 men; the reve
nue to about 380,000/. ; the public debt to about
600,000/. Hesse- Darmstadt, or the Grand Duchy of Hesse,
an independent atate, in the west of Gerraany,
near the Rhine, and belonging to the, other great
branch of the house of Hesse. Like the elector
ate, thia territory ia by no means compact, being
divided into two distinct parts. Extent, 5,000 sq.
miles. Pop. 619,000, of whom the greatest
portion are Lutherans. The territory ia moun
tainous, and yields iron, copper, lead, and salt —
The constitution is a monarchy, limited by states
or repfesentatives. The crown is hereditary in
. the male line. Hease-Darmatadt has one vote,
and the 9th place at the smaller assembly of the
Germanic diet ; at the larger it has three votes.
The revenue ia estimated at 370,000/. of which
80,000/, goes to pay the interest of the national
debt The militiry are b.-r-iwcen 6,000 and 7,00()

HID

321

men. At Giessen there is a university ; at Mentz
a school of law,
Hesse-Homburg, a sinaU principality, Germa
ny, at the toot of the Taunus raountains, near
Frankfort, belonging, with the title of landgrave,
to a younger branch of the faraily of Hease-Darm
atadt Pop, 20,000, Revenue 17,000/, The re
ligion of the famUy ia the Calviniat,
Hesseloe, small isl, Denmark, N, of Zealand,
Lon, 11°4ff E, Lat 66° I I'N,
Hessle, t Eng, 5 ra, W. HuU,
Hettowra, t. Hind, in Nepaul. It is on the Rap-
ti river, at the foot of a raountain, and is the com
mercial mart between the British provinces and
the northem parts of Nepaul, Lon, 85° 22' E.
Lat, 27° 14' N,
Hettstadt, or Heekstadt, t. Prussian Saxony, on
the Wipper, 6 ra, N, Mansfeld, Pop. 2,760,
Heubach, Great, v. Bavarian atates, on the
Maine, 22 ra, S, E, Aschaffenburg, Pop, 1,100.
Heubach, or Hemoach, t. Wirtemberg, 25 m. N.
Ulm, 40 E, Stutgard,
Heve, Cope la, cape, on the N, coast of France,
40 m. E. S. E: Cape Barfleur,
Heves, t. Upper Hungary, 61 ra, E, Pest, Lon,
20° IffE, Lat 47 36'N,
Heusden, t. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 15
m, N, E. Breda,
Hexamilio, v. on the site of the ancient Corinth,
Hexham, t. Eng, in Northumberland co. near
the Tyne. It is chiefly remarkable for the anti
quities with which it ia aurrounded, and the hia-
torical eventa connected with it. The neigh
bourhood abounda with ruined castles, Roman
reUcs, altars, inscriptions, &c. Pop. in 1811,
4,856. 20 ra. W. Newcastle, 37 E. CarUsle. Lon.
2°6'W. Lat54°5ffN,
Hey, Point, the N, W. point of Comptroller's
bay, on the N, W, coast of America, Lon, 216°
45' E, Lat. 60° 11' N.
Heyde, t, Denmark, in Holstein, 60 m, S. S, W.
Sleswick, Pop. 2,400,
Heydukes. See Hoiduken-Stadte.
Heyl. See Hayle.
Heymersten, t, Prussian grand duchy of the
Lower Rhine, on the Erfft, 35 ni. E. Aix la Cha
pelle. Heyst-ob-den-berg, t. Netherlands, in Antwerp,
on the Nethe, 11 m. N. E. MechUn. Pop. 6,300,
Heytesbury, Haresbury, or Heightsbury, t. Eng.
in wilts, 34 ra, fr. Warminster. Pop. 1,023.
Hiaqui Rio, r. New Spain, which enters the
gulf of Caia"omia, in lat.. 28° 15' N.
Hiatstown. v. Middlesex co. N. J. 13 m. N. E.
Trenton, 17%. by W. Brunswick.
Hibb's Point, cape, on the W. coast of Van
Diemen's Laud. Lat. 42° 39' S.
Hickes' Keys, islets, in the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 88° 54' W. Lat. 17° Iff N.
Hickes' Point,.cape, on the S. E. coast of New
Holland. Lon, 148°5ffE. Lat 38° S,
Hickman, co. West Tennessee, on Duck river.
Pop. 2,683, Slaves, 245, Chief town, Vernon,
There ia a post-oifice at t'ne court-house,
Hickman's creek, r. Smith co. Ten, which faUs
into Caney fork, 6 m. above its mouth.
Hickorij, p-t, Washington co- Pa.
Hickory fiats, p-t. Madison co, Mississippi,
Hickory grove, p-v, Abbeville district, S, C,
Hickory hill,p-v. Beaufort district, S. C,
Hicksford, p-v. Greenville co, Va,
Hiddekel, in Sac, Geog, See Tigris.

.41

322.

H I 6

H I L

Hiddenaoe, small isl, Pomerania, on the W,
coast of Rugen, Lon, 13° Iff E, Lat 54° 35' N,
Hielm, small ial, Denmark, in the Cattegat,
Lon, 10° 4ff E, Lat 66° 8' N,
Hiehnar, lake, Sweden, 40 milea long, which
communicates -with lake Malar, 60 m, W, Stock
holm, Hiemes. See Exmes.
Hierapolis, in Sac, Geog, city, Phrygia, on
the river Meander, near the cities of Colosse and
Laodicea, Hieres, Isles of, a cluster of sraall islands in the
Mediterrapean, near the coast of France, about
lira, fr, the town of Hierea,
Hieres, t France, in the Var, 9 ra. E. Toulon,
Near it ia a salt lake, from which a large quanti
ty of salt ia obtained, Hierea was formerl" a sea
port; but the aea has now retired frora U ia
the birth-place of Maasillon, Pop. 7,0U Lon.
6°7'E. Lat 43° 7'N.
fliggin's Point, N. W. eoast of America. Lon,
228° 25' E, Lat 55° 27' N,
Higginsport, v. Brown co, Ohio, on Ohio river,
4 m. below Ripley,
Higham Ferrers, t, Eng, Northampton co. It
sends one member to parUaraent Pop. 823. 66
m. N. London, 15 N. Bedford. Lon. 0° 36' W.
Lat. 52° 17' N.
Highgate, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 64 m. N. W.
London. Highgate, p-t Franklin co. Vt. on Missisque
bay, in lake Champlain, 33 m. N. Burlington.
Pop. 1,374.
Highland, co. in the S. W. part of Ohio. Pop.
in 1815, 7,300. Chief town, HiUsborough.
Highland, t Muskingum co. Ohio, 16 m. N. E.
Zanesville. Highlands, a natural diviaion of Scotland, com
prehending the mountainoua part of the country
to the north and north-west, in contra-diatinction
to the Lowlauda, which comprehend the aouth
and soutlv-east diatrict'a. The whole of this dia
frict is wild, rugged, and mountainous. The
mountains lie parallel to the vallies, riaing like
immenae walls on both sides, while the inhab
ited country sinks between them, with a lake or
rapid river flowing in the centre. The inhabi
tants are hardy, active, and adventurous. The
language is stilf the Gaelic. Their food is simple,
being chiefly oat-meal, milk, &o. Of late years,
industry and improvement have made a rapid
progress. The inhabitants are now beginning to
devote their labour and capital to their mines,
their woods, their extensive pastures, and Uieir
fisheries, (
Highlands, a mountainous tract in N.Y. through
which the Hudson flows. The passage through
the highlands is about 18 railea, and ia exceedingly
fraud. The loftieat summits are Thunderhill,
t Anthony's nose, Sugar loaf, Butter hill, and
Breakneck hill. On the W, shore stands the for
tress of West Point,
High rock, p-v, Rockingham co, N. C.
High shoals, p-v. Clark co. Geo,
High tower. See Etowah.
Highworth, t. Eng, in Wiltshire, 17 m, N.
Marlborough, Higuera, Cape, cape, Spain, onthe coast of Bis
cay, Lon, 1° 5.5' W, Lat, 43° 22' N,
Higuera de Calatrava, t. Spain, in Jaen, 12 ra,
N, Xeres de loa Caballeros,
Higury, t, St, Domingo, 80 m. E. St. Demingo,
Pop. 3,500.

Hijm; or Ixar, t Spain, in Arragon, 29 m, S, E-
SaragOssa. Pop. 2,500.
Hijeliee, or Injellee, t Bengal, on an ialanS
near the W, bank of the Hoogly. Lon, 88° Iff E-
Lat 21° 6ff N,
Hiklar, t. Aaia Minor, 12 ra,N,Ctesarea.
Hildburghausen, Saxe, duchy ih the interior of
Germany, incloaed by Saxe-Meinungen and Saxe-
Coburg. Extent, 237 sq. milea. Pop. 29,706.
The duke holds the fourth rank among the princes
of the house of Saxe, has a ahare of a vote in the'
Germanic diet, and a full vote in the general as
sembly. Revenue 20,000/.
Hildberghausen, t Germany, and cap. ofthe
duchy of Uie same name, ia on the Werra, 17 m.
S. E. Meinungen, 20 N. W. Coburg. Pop. 2,500.
Hildesheim, province, in the south of Hanover,
adjacent to the province of Gottingen. Extent,
682 sq. miles. Pop. 128,950. The prevailing
reUgion is the Lutheran, Revenue, 90,000/, It -waa
once an independent bishopric ; but, after various
changes, it was added, by the Congress of Vien
na in 1815, to the kingdom of Hanover. It is
governed as an independent province, and has its
own states.
Hildesheim, city, Hanover, and cap. ofthe prov
ince of Hildesheipi. It was formerly fortified;
but its walls have been demolished. 20 m. S. £.
Hanover, 20 W. by S. WoUenbuttel. Lon. 9°
55' E. Lat, 52° ff N. Pop, 1 1,108,
Hilela. See Hekl.
Hillah, or -H'e//a^, t A, Turkey, in frak Arabi,
or Pachalic of Bagdad, about 60 m. S. of
Bagdad, on the W. bank of the Euphrates,- and
on the borders of the great Syrian desert. Pop.
12,000. This city and ita viciwty are beUeved ta
be the site of ancient Babylon. TJie observations
of modern fravellers, combined by the learned in
quiries of major Rennell, appear to have left no
doubt remaining upon the subject — The struc
tures of Babylon do not appear to have been much
inferior in magnitude to those of Egypt ; but be
ing built of brick, cemented with straw and bitu
men, they haye not only mouldered from the lapse
of time, but being easily loosened by art, have
been carried away for Uie purpose of buUding
elsewhere. Babylon has thus become a great
quarry for the construction of aU the modem
cities in its neighbourhood. Tbe most remarka
ble of the ruina ia about 4 miles S. of HiUab, and
half a mile from the bank of the Euphrates. It
is a pyramid nearly half a mile in cfrcumference,
and about 150 feet high, buUt entirely of brick
dried in the sun, cemented in some places with
bitumen and regular layers of reeds, and in oth
ers wiUi sUme and reeda. About a mile to the S.
of this pyramid is a very remarkable structure,
which forms' nearly a square of 700 yards in length
and breadth, and contains aeveral walls in a pret
ty entire state, built of the finest bricks, cement- •
ed with lime. About 500 yards N. of this ruin, is
a mound 1100 yards long, 800 broad, and 50 or
60 feet high ; and on the W. bank of the Eu-.
phrates, about 6 miles S. W. of HUlah, ia an ob
long mound, 762 yarda in circumference, and 19$
feet high. These four masses of walls, mixed
with earth and rubbish, are the only traces which
remain of the mighty Babylon. Hillah is iu lon.
44° Iff 15" E. Lat 33° 34' N.
HUkgersberg, v. South Holland, 3 m, N, Rot
terdam, Pop, 3,000,
Hilkrod, t. Denmark, in the ialand of Zealand,
15 m. W, .N, W, Copenhagen, Pop, 1,200,

H I M

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323

Hillham, p-t. Overton co. Ten,
Hillier Point, on the S, coast of New HoUand,
fcon,]17°ffE. Lat 36° 4' S,
Hillock Paint, New Holland, the N, W, point
of Halifax bay, Lon. 213° 46' W, Lat 1 8° 2ff S,
Hillsborough, t Westmoreland co. New Bruns
wick, HiUsborough, co, N, H, bounded N, by Grafton
CO, E, by Rockingham co. S. by Massachusetts,
and W. by Connecticut river, which separatea it
from Vermont. Pop. 49,249.
Hillsborough, p-t Hillaborough co. N. H. 20
m. W. Concord. Pop. 1,592.
Hillsborough, t. Somerset co. N, J, 15 m, W,
Brunswick, 18 N. "Trenton, Pop, 2,466,
Hillsborough, p-v, Caroline co, Md, on the E,
aide of Tuckahoe creek, 7 m. S. E, by S, Denton,
26 S, S. W, Chester,
HiUsborough, p-v, Loudon co, Va, 17 m, from
Richmond, Hillsborongli, p-v. Culpeper co. Va,
HiUsborougli, p-t, and cap. Orange co, N, C. on
Eno river, 17 m. above its confluence with Little
and Flat rivera, 41 m. N. W, Raleigh, 180 W, N,
W, Newbem, It is aituated in a hilly, healthy,
and fertile country, and containa about 80 houaes,
a court-house and jail, and an academy.
Hillsborough, p-t. and cap. Highland co, Ohio,
35 m, N, W. ChilUcothe, It contains a court-.
house and jail, and about 60 dweUing-houses,
Here is a Lancasterian school,
Hillsborough Bay, bay, on thp N. coast of Dom
inica, Lon, 61° 22' W, Latrib° 42' N,
. HiUsborough Bay, b-ay, on the S. coast of the
island of St. John. Lon, 62° 4^ W, Lat. 46°
10" N,
HUlsborough Cope, on the N. E, coast of New
Holland, Lon, 148° 44' E, Lat. 20° Sff S,
Hillsborough, small isl, near the E, coaat of
Labrador, Lon, 61° 2ff W, Lat 57° 20' N,
Hillsborough, r. E. Florida, which runa into the
gulf of Florida, Lon, 8 1° 30' W , Lat, 28° Sff N,
Hillsborough, r, E, Florida, which rans into
the gulfof Mexico, Lon, 82° Sff W, Lat 28° l,ff N,
Hillsborough, t Ireland, in Down co. 20 m, S,
W, BeUast Lon. 6° W, Lat, 54° 2ff N,
Hillsdok, p-t. Columbia co. N, Y. 16 m, E,
Hudson, 35 S, E. Albany, Pop, 4,182, It is a
large township, and contains 6 houses of public
worship, ^
HiUtop, p-v. Charles co, Md, 44 m. fr, Wash
ington, ' HilUown, t Bucks co. Pa, Pop, 1,335,
Hillstein, t Austrian Silesia, near the Oder, 15
m, E, Troppau,
Hilpolstein, t. Bavarian states, 27 ra, N, Neu
burg, 19 S, Nuremburg,
Hilton head, isl, on the coast of S. C. near the
mouth bf Savannah river, Lon, 80° 2ff W. Lat
32° Iff N,
Hilton's point, on Piscataqua river, the S, E,
point of the town of Dover, 7 m, fr, the sea,
Hilversum, v, Holland, '6 m, S, Naarden, Pop,
3,400, Himaleh Mountains, a stupendous range of
mountaina, in Aaia, the Imaus ,of the ancients.
They commence near the bordera of China, and
running N, W, aeparate Hindostan from Tartary
and Tibet^ and passing into Peraia, terminate near
the borders of the t&pian sea. The Brahma
pootra, the Sutlej, and Uie western branch of the
Indus, rise oh the N, aide of this chain. The re
maining branches of the Indui, the JuiAna, and

the Ganges, rise on the S, side. Beyond the In
dus to the westward, the chain takes the name of
Hindoo Kdoah, or Indian Caucasus, The part
east of the Indus is the proper Himaleh, and ia
1400 miles long, extending from lon, 74° to 94° E.
Dawalageri, the highest aummit iu the range, is
estimated at 27,677 feet, and ia the highest on the
globe, Himera. See Fiume Grande.
Himmelskron, v. Bavarian states, 8 m, E, Culm
bach, ,
Hincha, v. St, Domingo, at the mouth of Guay-
aniuco, 64 in, N, W. St Domingo, iuN. lat. 19° 3'.
Hinchinbroke, Cape, on the N. W. coast of
America, at the entrance of Prince William's
sound. Lon. 213° 56' E. Lat. 60° 164' N.
Hinchinbrook, t. Huntingdon co. Lower Cana
da, on the Province line, 40 m, S, W, MontreaL
Hinchinbrook, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada,.
Hinchinbrook Island, isl. on the N. W. coaat of
America, in Prince 'VVilliaui's aound, about 50
milea in circumference. In Port Etches, on its 3.
W. coast, the Rusaians have a settleraent. Lon.
213° 5ff to 214° 24' E. Lat. 60° 24' N,
Hinckley, t. Eng, in Leiceatershire, 13 m, S. W,
Leiceater, Lon, 1° 22" W, Lat 52° 32' N, Pop,
6,058, Hindelbank, v. Swiss canton of Bern, 9 m. N.
N. E. Bem,
Hindelopen, t. Netherlanda, in Friealahd, on
the Zuyder Zee, 25 ra.'S. W, Leeuwarden, Lon,
5° 26' E. Lat, 52° 5ff N,
Hinderwell, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 m, N, W,
Whitby, Hindia, district. Hind, in Khandeish, between
22° and 23° N, lat Hindia, the capital, is on
the S. bank of the Nerbuddah. Lon. 77° Iff E.
Lat. 22° 31' N.-
Hindley, t. Eng," in Lancashire, 2 m, S, E, Wi
gan, Pop, 2,962,
Hindmund. ' See Heermund.
Hindoe, large isl, near the coast of Norway,
Lat 68° 36' N,
Hindon, t, Eng, iu Wiltshire, 16 m, W, Salis
bury, Lon, 2° 7' W, Lat, 51° ff N,
Hindone, t Hind, in Agra, Lon, 77° E, Lat,
26° 45' N,
Hindoo Koh, or Hindoo Koosh. See Himaleh.
Hindostan, country, Asia, comprehending, in
its greatest extent, the countries between 65° and
95° E. lon, Kandahar and Assam having for
merly been reckoned in it It is separated on the
N, from Tibet and Tartary, by the Himaleh
mountains^ In 1707, Hindostan was divided into
the following provinces, all of which still retain
the namea they then bore. We have annexed
the states to which they now respectively belong :
Cabul, including Kandjihar aud Cashraere — The
Afghans,
Lahore, or Punjab — Seiks,
Moultan — The Afghans, and aeveral Hindoo or
Seik chiefs,
Sinde — Several Mahometan chiefs,
Delhi — The British, and a number of Hindoo and
Seik cheifa,
Serinagur — The rajah, for whom it has been late
ly recovered I'-ora the Nepaulese,
Nepaul — The rajah of, called the Ghoorkhali,
Bootan — The Lama of Tibet,
Assam — The rajah of Assam,
Ajmeer — ^the rajahs of Odeypore, Jypore, Joud-
porc, and several other Hindoo ctuefs, some of
whom are Mahrattas.

324

H I O

H I S

Agra — the British, Mahrattas, Jauls, aud several
other Hindoo chiefs.
Oude — The British, and Nabob of Oude,
AUahabad — 'The- British, Mahrattas, and aeveral
Hindoo chiefs.
Bahar — British,
Bengal — BritiEli.
Gujerat, including Cutch — British, Mahrattas,
and a nuraber of independent petty chiefs.
Malwah — The Mahrattas, and several other flin-
doo chiefs.
Berar — The Mahrattas and Nizam.
Orissa — British aud Mahrattas.
Khandesh — Mahrattas,
Dowlatabad or Aurungabad — Mahrattas and Ni
zam,
Golconda — Nizam,
Circars — British,
Bejapore, or Visiapore — Malirattas and Nizam.
The country south of the Kistna, in 1707, was
possessed by several independent chiefs. It is
now divided into the following districts :
Concan — ^belonging to the Mahrattas.
Mysore — Rajah of Mysore.
Cochin — Rajah of Cochin.
Travancore — Rajah of Travancore.
The remainder of the country is now in the
possession of the British, viz, Canara, including
Bednore, Malabar, Cuddapah, Adoni, Carnatic,
Coimbetoor, Dindigul, Madura, and TinneveUy.
The population, exclusive of the country west
of the Indus, haa been calculated to exceed
100,000,000. The bulk of these are idolatera,
but are divided into three great sects or religions,
viz, 1st, The worshippers of the Triad, Brahma,
Vishnu, Siva, 2dly, The followers of Boodh.
Sdly, "The Jains. The next class in point of
numbers, are Maliometans, wlio may amount to
one eighth of the number of Hindoos. They are
divided into the two great sects of Soonies and
Shiahs. The third class are the Seika, who poa-
sess the province of Lahore, Their religion ia
described aa pure deiam. The fourth class are
Christians: thefo are most numerous on the coast
of Malabar. The fifth class are Jews : they prin
cipally inhabit Uic western coast, and are divided
into white and black Jews. The sixth are Par-
sees, or followers of Zoroaster : they are priiioi-
pally to Ijc found in Gujerat and Bombay.
Hineshurg, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt, 12 m. S, E.
Burlington. Pop. 1,238.
Hindsdale, formerly Fcrt Dummer, p-t, Cheshire
CO. N. H. on Connecticut river, at the confluence
of the Aahuclot, 55 m. S. W, Concord. Pop, 740.
J-liiigham, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 14 m, W, Nor
wich. Lon, 1° 2' V/. Lat. 52° 3,-5' N,
Hingham, p-t. Suflblk co. Maas. ou a small bay,
which seta up S. from Boaton bay, 14 m. S. E,
Boston, Pop, 2,;_)82. It containa 3 churches, and
a well-endowed academy.
Hinlopen Straits, channel of the North sea, be
tween North-east Land and Spitzbergen,
Hincjosa, t Spain, in Cordova, 18 m, N, Lle
rena. Pop. 4,000,
Hinsdale, p-t. Borkthire co. Mass, 15 m, N, N,
I'l Lenox. Pop, 822.
Hinsuan. ^cc Joanna.
Hiorring, t, Denmark, in North JuUand, 27 m.
N, N, W, Aalborg, Lon, 10° 0' 28" E, Lat 57°
27' 44" N,
Hiortoe, small isl, Denmark, Lon. 10° 30' E,
Lat, 54° 53' N,

Hipperholme, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 24 m, fr,
H-aUfax, Pop, 3,357,
Hiram, p-t Oxford co, Maine, on Saco river,
34 ra. S, W, Paris, Pop, 336.
Hiram, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga rivi
er, 12 m, N. E. Ravenna.
Hirlaw, or Harkv, t Moldavia, on the river
Bachlui, 35 ra, N, W, Jassy. Lon. 27° 6' E. Lat
47° 24' N.
Hirschau, t. Bavarian states, in Franconia, 6 m.
N. E. Amberg.
Hirschberg, t, Silesia, at the confluence of the
Bober and tfre Zacke, It is the most commercial
place in the country next to Breslau ; the chief
source of support to the inhabitants is the frade in
linen and lawn ; 23 m, W, S. W, Jauer, 35 W,
Schweidnitz, Pop, 6,000.
Hirschberg, t Saxony, in Beuaa, on the Saale,
14 m, S, W. Plauen.
Hirschfeld, diatrict, Heaae-Cassel, Extent, 168
sq, miles. Pop. 22,000.
Hirschfeld, t Hesae-Cassel, cap. of the above
diatrict, on the Fulda, which ia here navigable ;
25 ra. N, Fulda, Fop, 5,500, ¦•¦
Hirschholm, v. Denmark, 14 m, N. Copenha'-'
gen, - "
Hirschhom, t Hesse-Darmstadt, on the Neck
ar, 7 m. E, Heidelberg. Pop. 2,100.
Hirson, t France, in Aisne, on the Oise, 27 ul N.
N. E. Laon. Fop. 2,150.
Hirsowa, or Kerschova, t Eu. Turkey, on the
Danube, 45 ra. N. E. Silistria, 64 S. W. IsmaiL' *
Hirsholmen, or Herzholm, three small islanda
of Denmark, in the Cattegat. Lon. 10° 24' E. LatP
57° 31' N.
Hisengen, ial. Sweden, at the mouth ofthe Go-'
Iha-Elf. Lon. 11° 4' 8" E. Lat. 57° 46' N,
Hispaniola, Hayti, or St. Domingo, one of the
largest and most fertile of the West India islands,
390 miles long from E, to W. and from 60 to ISO
broad. Lat 17° 37' to 20° N. This island was
formerly divided between the French and Span-'
iard=, the French occupying the weatem, and the'
Spaniards the eastern part ; but the French have
been expelled by the negroes, and the part which
they occupied is called Hayti, The ialand in
general ia well watered and fertile, producingal-
raost every variety of vegetable produce, rThe
French part of Uie ialand ia for the moat part
mountainous, and abaunda -with forests. It com
prehends 2,500,000 acres, of which 1,500,000
were in high cultivation, belbre the revolution in
1789, The Spanish part of the island contains
about 3,200 sq, leagues. It consists chiefly of plains,
of unrivalled fertility, and watered by numerous
navigable rivers, but, owing to the indolence ofthe
Spaniards, it is occupied cliiefly by herds of do
mestic animals, such as swine, horses, and horned
catUe, which have been allowed to run wild, aud
have multiplied beyond all connputation.
The population of Uie French part ofthe island
in 1789, according to the estimate of Edwards,
was 30,831 whites, 24,000 free people of color,
and 480,000 negro slaves. The Spanish part con
tained in 1785, according to census, 152,640; in
1798, accoi-diiig to Alcedo, 125,000, of whom
110,000 were free, and 15,000 slaves. In 1789,
the French eraployed in the trade of St Domingo,
710 vessels, navigated by 18,466 seamen. The
value of the exports in 1791, was 6,371,693/, the
principal articles were coffee to the amount of
84,617,328 pounds; sugar, 217,463 casks ; indigo,
3,257,610 pounds; coooa, 1,536,017 pounds; cot-

HOC

H O H

325

tpn, 11,317,226 pounds. Since Uie revolution,
the commerce haa greatiy declined. From 1804
to 1808, according to Walton, only about 75 vea
aela arrived annually, with cargoes amounting to
about 150,000/, sterling.
The revolution commenced in 1791, when the
blacks rose by common consent against their mas
ters, and rendered tiie whole French part of the
island a scene of massacre and devastation. The
independence of Hayti was proclaimed, on the 1st
of July, 1801, After the expulsion of the French,
a regular government was formed by the blacks,
who soon divided into parties, under two rival
chiefs, president Fetion and king Chriatophe, the
former occupying the southern part of the ialand,
and the latter the northern part. These chiefs
are now both dead, and the island has becorae the
theatre of new revolutions. Various propositions
have been made by France, for the purpose of
bringing the inhabitanta to their former subjec
tion, but they have all been rejected with dis
dain, Hissar Feroeeh, district of Hindostan^ in Dejhi,
between 28° and 30° N, lat on the W, aide ofthe
Jumna. Hissar Feroseh, the capital, is in lon.
75°5ffE. lat28°41'N.
Hitchin, t Eng. in Hertford, 16 m. S, E, Bed
ford, 34 N. London, Fop, 3,608,
Hithe. See Hythe.
Hitterae, island on the coaat of Norway, Lat,
63° 32' N. Pop. 3,700.
Hiwassee, r. Tennessee, which rises in Georgia,
and joins Tennessee river 70 ra. above the Suck,
or passage through the Raccoon raountain. The
Amoy, one of its head waters, interlocks with a
Branch of Mobile river. See Connesaugah.
Hizacker, t. Hanover, in Lunebuig, on the
Jetze, near its influx into the Elbe, 3 ra. N. Dane-
burg. Hoarigho, or Yellow River, a great river of Chi
na, which riaes in the mountains of Tibet, and af-'
ter a course of 1,800 miles through Tartary and
China, runs into the Eastern sea, lon. 119° 44' E.
lat. 34° 5' N, It is broad and rapid, but so shal
low that it is hardly navigable.
Hobart Point, the N. W. point at the entrance
into port Houghton on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat 57° 17' N.
Hobbies Keys, islets in the Spanish Main, near
the Muaquitto shore. Lon. 82° 50' W. Lat 12°
IffN. Hobb's hole. See Tappahannock.
Hoboken, p-t Bergen co. N. J. on the Hudaon,
7 m. above New- York.
Hobrae, t. Denmark, in Jutland, 16 m. N. E.
Wiborg. Lon. 9° 4ff E. Lat 66° Sff N.
Hacheneck, or Voinik, t Styria, 6 m. S. W. Pet-
tau. Hochenmauern, t Styria, on the Drave, 25 m.
W. Marburg.
Hochfelden, t France, 12 m. N. W. Strasburg.
Hochheim, t in the duchyof Nassau, celebrated
for its wine, familiarly termed Hock, 20 m. W.
Frankfort, 4 N. E. Mentz.
Hochkirch, v. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, 6 ra.
S. E. Budissin,
Hochland, or Hogland, sraall isl, of the Baltic,
Lon. 27° E, Lat 60° 3' N,
Hachou, a walled city of China, in the province
of Kiang-nan, about three railes frora the bank of
the Yang-tse-kiang; 32 ra, S, W, Nanking. Lon,
118° 14'E, Lat 29° 57'N,

Hochst, t. Germany, in Nassau, on the Maine,
6 m. W, Frankfort,
Hochstadt, t Bavarian states, 13 m, S, of Bam
berg, Pop, 1,300,
Sochstadt, t. Bavarian states, at the influx of
the Egwied into the Danube. It has been the
scene of repeated conflicts ; 19 ra, N. W, Augsburg,
29 W. Neuberg, Lon, 10° Sff E, Lat, 48° Sff N,
Pop. 2,300,
Hochstett. , See Hochstadt.
Hockhocking, r. Ohio, which runa into the Ohio
at Troy, 26 ra, below Marietta, Near its aource
ia a perpendicular fall of about 40 feet, and 25
railea below, another, of 7 feet. With theae inter
ruptions, the river is navigable 70 milea. At the
upper falls are several mills.
Hocking, co. Ohio, formed in 1818. Chieftown,
Logan, Hocking, t. Fairfield co, Ohio, in which is Lan
caster, the seat of justice for the county. Pop,
1,078, Hackliffe, hamlet, Eng, in Bedfordshire,
Hoddesdon, t, Eng, in Hertford, 17 ra, N, Lon
don, Pop. 1,249,
Hoedic, sraall ial. France, opposite the raouth of
tiie Villaine, Lon, 2° 46'E. Lat, 47° 41' N, .
Hof, Haff, or Stadt sum Hof, t. Bavarian states,
on the Saale, 22 m, N. N. E. Bayreuth, 46 N- E.
Bamberg. Lon. 11° Sff E, Lat 50° Iff N. Pop.
5,000. Hof, t. Moravia, 14 m, W, Troppau.
Hoff, t. East Prussia, 4 m. S. Landsberg,
Hofgeismar. See Geismar.
Hog island, isL Vt in Lake Charaplain, annex
ed to Franklin co.
Hag island, isl, R, I. in Narraganset bay, 2 m.
from Bristol,
Hog island, isl, offthe coast of Java, Lon, 114°
65' E, Lat, 7° ff S.
Hag island, small isl, on the W, coast of India.
Lon. 74' Sff E. Lat 14° 2' N,
Hog river, r. Ohio, which runs into the 'Au
glaize 30 m, above its raouth,
-Hog's Head, Ireland, the E. cape at the entrance
BaUinaskeUing bay. Lon. 10° 15' W. ' Lat. 61°
45' N.
Haghton, t Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m. W. Black-
bum. Hogland. See Hochland.
Hagsio, t Sweden, on the gulfof Bothnia, 14 m.
N. N. W. Hernosand.
Hagsties, dangerous reef of rocks among the Ba
hamas. Lon. 73° Sff W. Lat 21° 40' N.
Hogue, Lf, t. on the N. coaat of France, in La
Manche. In the neighbourhood of this town took
place the famous sea-fight of May, 1692, in which
the French fleet was defeated by the English. 8
m. E. N. E. Nalognea, 5 S. Barfleur. Lon. 1° 11'
W. Lat. 49° 35' N. Pop. 2,000.
Hogyers, t Hungary, in Tolna, 78 m. S. by W.
Buda. Pop. 3,000,
Hohenasperg, v. and fort, Wirtemberg, on the
Neckar, 6 m, N. Stutgard.
Hohenbor. See Baar.
Hohenberg, a county of Suabia, now belonging
to Wirtemberg, aituated in the Black Forest, fron
mines abound throughout.
Hohenelbe, or Wirchlaby, t. Bohemia, on the
Elbe, 62 m. E. N. E. Prague. Pop. 2,100.
Hohenfurth, v. Bohemia, on the Moldau, 99 m.
S. Prague. Hohenlinden, v. Bavaria, 20 m. E. Munich, re-

326

H O L

markablefor the defeat ofthe Austrian army, 3d
December, 1800, by the French, under Moreau. |
Hohenlahe, district in the weat of Germany,
forming (aince 1806 and 1809) a partof the king-
dorii of Wirtemberg.
Hohenslouffen,t. Wirtemberg, 18m.fr. Stut
gard. Hohenstein, a county of Saxony, adjacent to
Anhalt, now divided between Hanover and Prus
sia. Hohenstein, t Saxony, 7 m. E, Glaucha, 7 W,
Chemnitz. , Pop, 3,000,
jHphenstein, t Weat Prussia, 66 m, S, 8, W,
Konigaberg, Pop, I,1(X).
Hohentwiel, fortress belonging to Wirtemberg,
formerly a celebrated place ; but the works were
blown up by the French in 1800, 6 m,N, W, Ru-
dolfszell, 9 N, E, Schaffhausen,
Hohenwdrth, t, Bavaria, on the Paar, 28 ra, N,
N, W. Munich,
Hohensolkm, a small sovereignty in the S. W,
of Germany, surrounded by Baden and Wirtera
berg, and divided into the two principalitiei! of
Hechingen and Sigmaringen, Pop, 64,000,
Holaiva, one of the Hapae lalands, in the Pa
cific, 30 ra, N, N, E, Annaraooka, Lon, 185° 36' E,
Lat 19° 62' N,
Holar. See Holum.
Halbeach, t, Eng. in Lincolnahire, 12 m, S, Bos
ton, 105 N, London, Lon, 0° 2' E, Lat 62° 4ff N,
Pop. 2,962,
Holbeck, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 1 m, fr, Leeds,
Pop, 5,124.
Holbeck, a-p, Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
36 ra. W, of Copenhagen, Lon. 1 1° 41' 67" E, Lat,
66° 42' 50" N.-
Holboum Head, cape, Scotland, Lon, 3° 21' W,
Lat 68° Sff N.'
Holden, p-t Worcester co. Mass, 6 m, N, Wor
ceater. Pop, 1,072,
Holdemess. See Yorkshire.
Holdemess, t Grafton co, N, H, on the Merri
mack, 36 m. N, Concord,
Holdsworthy, t. Eng, in Devonaliire, 47 m, N,
W, Exeter. Lon. 4° 2ff W. Lat 50° 4ff N.
Hole creek, r, Ohio, which runs into the E, side of
the Miami, in Montgomery county.
Hok Town, t, Barbadoes, Lon, 58° 31' W, Lat,
13° 12' N,
Hole in the WaU, v. Talbot co, Md, 7 m, S,
Easton,
, Hoknburg, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube,
33 m, W, by N.Vienna,
Holeschau, t Moravia, in Prerau, 22 m. S, S, E.
Olmutz, Pop, 4,300,
Holitsch, t. Hungary, on the Morawa, 34 ra,
S, E, Brunn, in Moravia, 45 N, of Presburg, Pop,
4,000, Holland, Eng, See Lincolnshire.
Holland, a raaritirae province of the Nether
lands, The narae is frequenUy given to the seven
provincea inhabited by the Dutch ; but these are
all included in the new kingdora of the Nether
landa, The province of Holland ia bounded on
the W, by the German ocean, S, by Zealand, E,
by the Zuyderzee and the province of Utrecht,
Extent, 2,100 sq, miles. Pop, in 1732, more than
900,000; in 1796, 828,600; in 1817,748,000, It
is divided into the two governments of South and
North HoUand ; the former contains 1,170 square
miles, with 389,000 inhabitants; while North
Holland, which, in official papers, is caUedbyits
ancient name of West Friesland, eontains 930

H O L
square uiiles, -with 359,000 inhabitants. The nai.
tional religion is Calvinism ; but there is a LU'
theran congregation in every town of consequence,
and among the lower classes, the Catholics are nu
meroua. The whole province of Holland ia a con
tinued flat, and lies so low as to be under the level
ofthe sea at high water: the tide ia prevented
from flowing in, by meana of dikea and natural sand
banks. These dikes are of great extent, generally
30 feet above the level of the adjoining land, and
20 or 30 feet in breadth at the top, and the imposts
necessary to keep them in repair are very heavy.
The nuraerous canals and ditches which fraverae
the province in all directions are Ukewise provi
ded with dikes. The soil is in general rich, con
sisting ofa deep fat loam. The agricultural wealth
of the province consists in ita pastures. Homed
cattle and sheep are abundant
Holland, t Orleans co, Vt, 66 m, N. MontpeUer,
Pop, 126,
Holland, t Hampden co. Mass, 20m.K Springr
field. Pop, 420.
HoUand, t. Niagara co. N. Y.
' HoUand islands, Md. in„Chesapeake bay, S. of
Hooper's island, and N. of Smith's island.
Halland, New, See New Holland.
Holland's point, Md. on the western ahore ofthe
Cheaapeake, the S. point at the entrance of Her
ring bay. Lon. 76° 40' W. Lat 38° Sff N.
HoUand, Port, harbour in the sfraits of Magel
lan. Lon. 71° 2ff W. Lat 53° 42' S.
Holland, Prussian, t. E. Pruaaia, on the WeeakeJ
14 m. S. E. Elbing. Lon. 19° 40' E. Lat 64° 1'
N. Pop. 3,100. . ¦
Holland, Up, t Eng. in Lancashire, 5 m. W. by
S. Wigan. Pop. 2,663.
HaUonderoeeler, Irsecat, amall isl. near the W.
coast of East Greenland. Lon. 46° 25' W. Laf.
68° 38' N.
Holies, t, HiUsborough co. N, H, 9 m, S, Am-
, herat, 32 S. Concord, 40 N, W, Boston, Pop, 1,^.
Hollfeld, t Franconia, on the Wiesent, IS m.
E, Baraberg, 16 W, Bayreuth,
Halliday cave, p-v, Brooke co, Va,
Hollidaysburg, p-v, Huntingdon co. Pa,
Hollinswarth's ferry, p-v, IVteson co, Va.
Hollis, or Phillipsburg, p-t York co, Maine, on
Saco river, 42 m. N, York, Pop. 1,427,
Halliston, t Middleaex co. Mass, 27 m. S, W,
Boston, Pop, 989,
Holmanstown. See Mexico.
Holme, a parish of Scotiand, in Orkney, on the
S, E, coast of Pomona, It gives name to Holme
sound, a beautiful and weU-frequeuted frith, lead
ing into the German ocean by Stromness,
Holmesburg, p-t, Philadelphia co. Pa.
Holmes, Flat and 5/ee^, two small islands in the
Bristol channel, 3 leagues S. C.srdiff.
Holmes' Hok, p-t in Tisbury, Dukes co. Mass,
on the island of Martha' a- vineyard, 9 m, from Fal
mouth, 91 S, E, Boaton, The harbour is spacious
and safe, and vessels bound to the eastward are of
ten detained here, waiting for a fair wind, to ena
ble them to pass the shoals off Cape Cod, Here is
>i village, which contains a meeting-holi^ae, and
about 'fo houaes.
Hqlmestrand, t. Norway, on the Dramafiord, 30
ra, S, Christiania,
Holmesville, p-t, and cap. Pike Co, Mississippi.
Halstebroe, t Denmark, in Jutiand, 24 m, N,
Wiburg, Holstein, a duchy in the norUi of Germany, be
longing to Denmark, and bounded by the German

HOM
opean and the Elbe on the W, and S. the Baltic on
IE. and Sleawick on the N, Extent, 3,260 square
milea. Pop, in 1818, 360,000 ; the prevailing re
Ugion is the Lutheran, The productiona are
wheat, barley, and oats, potatoea, hemp, and
flax, with aome hops and fruit ; but ita chief wealth
is in its pastures. It poaaesses vaat numbera of
horsea and horned catUe, The chief exports are
cattie, horses, cheese, and butter.
The kihg of Denmark, on account of this duchy
and Laueiiburg, is a member of the Germanic con
federation, and haa three votes in the general as
sembly, and a place, the tenth in rank, at the or
dinary diet "The interior constitution of Holstein
is at present (1819) under discussion at the court
of Copenhagen, and likely to receive a material
improvement, Holston, r, Tennessee, which risea in Virginia,
and running S, W.unites with Clinch river atMa-
rietta, to form the Tennessee, It is deep, and is
navigable 70 mUes, -with the interruption of a fall
of 7 feet Near its source, 7 m, N, W. Lancaster,
there ia a fall of 40 feet
HoU, hamlet, Eng.in Wilta, 3 m, N, E, Bradford
Holt, t Walea, iu Denbighahfre, on the Dee, 10
m, S, Cheater,
HoU, t. Eng, in Norfolk, Pop, 1,037, 24 m, N,
W. Norwich, Lon. 1° 5' E, Lat 52° 54' N,
HaU's Island, small isl, in the Pacific, Lon.
143° 47' W. Lat 16° 12' S,
Holten, V. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 14 m, S.
E, Wesel, Pop. 3,000.
. Holum, or Holar, t. Iceland, Lon, 15° W, Lat.
65° 42' N,
, Holy Island, isl, of the German ocean, on the
coastof England, 8 m. S.E. Berwick-upon-Tweed,
ft is also called Lindisfame, It was formerly a
bishpp'a aee, and here are the ruins of a monastery,
Lon, 1° 4ff W, Lat 55° 4ff N,
Holycross, t Eng. in Worcestershire, 4 m. from
Pershore. Holyhead, s-p. Wales, on the N. W. point of the
isle of Anglesey. The packets sail regularly from
thiaplace to Dublin. Six packets are in the constant
empl(^meot ofthe post-office. Between Holyhead
and DubUn, the distance is 20 leagues, and the
passage is usuaUy made in 12 hours. Pop. 3,005.
278 m. N. W. Loudon. Lon. 4° 38' W. Lat 53°
19° N.
Holyoke, mountain in Hadley, Mass, 3 ra, S. E,
Northampton, Itis 830 feet above- the level of
Connecticut river, and is famous for the extenaive
and beautiful view, which it comraands ofthe sur
rounding country,
Holywell, t, Wales, in Flintshire, forqierly an
inconsiderable village, but now becorae, from the
mineral riches, and the vast raanufacturea carried
en in the neighbourhood, a flouriahing town. It is
near the great lead raines. The town takes its
name from the remarkable Holy Well of i3t, Wini
fred, one of the finest and most copious apriugs in
the kingdom, and which becomes at once a con
siderable stream, discharging every minute 84
hogsheads of water. Pop, 6,394, 11 m, E, St
Asaph, 54 W, Flint, 207 N, W, London. Lon, 3°
IffW, LatSSoiff N,
Holsapfel, t. duchy of Nassa^u, 4 m, E, Nassau.
Holzminden, t. Germany, in the statea of Bruns
wick, at the- confluence of the Weser and the
Holz, It has large iron works, 3 ra, N, E. Cor
vey, 20 W, Grubenhagen, Pop, 3,300,
Homberg in Hesse, t Hease-Cassel, on the Elze,
2Pm,S, Cassel, Pop, 3,900,

HON

327

Hamburg, See Hesse-Hmnburg,
Homburg, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, S m.
N,N,W, Deux Pouts
Homburg onthe Height, t. Germany, cap, ofthe
principality of Hesse-Horaburg, on the Lahn, 9 m.
N, Frankfort Lon, 8° 32' E, Lat 50° 15' N, Pop.
3,000. Homburg on the Ohm, t. Hesse-Darraatadt, 11
ra. S. E. MarbUrg. Lon. 9° 1' E. Lat 60° 43' N.
Home, district, Up. Canada, corapriaing the
countiea of York and Simcoe.
Homer, ,p-t. and cap. Cortlandt co. N. Y. 26 m.
S. Onondaga, 40 N. Owego, 146 W. Albany. Pop.
2,991. The village is built on a fine plain on the
bank of the Tioughnioga, and containa a court-
houae and jail, a church, a printing-office and
about 70 housea.
Homochitta, r. Missiaaippi, which flowa S. W.
about 70raUes, andjoins the Mississippi above Fort
Adams. Honan, a province of China, W, of Kiangnan,
and watered by the great river Hoangho,
Honan,city in the centre of China, considered by
the Chineae as the centre of the world, Lon, 112^
ff E,LatS4°34°44'N,
Hanover. See Onore.
Honda, t S, America, in New Granada, on the
Magdalena ; 66 ra, N, W. Santa Fe, Lon, 74°
54' W, Lat, 6° 12" N, . -
Honda, Bay of, on the coastof S, America, in
Santa Martha, Lon, 71° ff W, Lat, 12° N.
Honda Boy, bay on the N, coast of Cuba, T'O ra,
W, Havannah, Lon, 83° 26' W. Lat 22° 6ff N.
Honda Boy, bay on the E, coast of Honduras,
N. of Cape Gracias a Dios,
Hondo, r. Mexico, in Texas, which runs S, S, E.
and enters the bay of Mexico.
Hondschoote, t. France, dep. ofthe North, lira.
S. E. Dunkirk. Pop. 3,200,
Honduras, t Cuba, 63 ra, N, E, Bayamo, Lon.
76° 4'W, Lat 21° 21' N, .
Honduras, province, N, America, in Guatima
la, bounded N, by the bay of Honduras, W, by
Vera- Paz, E. by the Caribbean sea, aud S, by the
province of Nicaragua. It is 390 miles long, from
E, to W.'and 160 from N, to S. The soU is of
great fertility, producing in abundance all aorta of
tropical fruita and vegetables. They have three
crops of maize in the year. Honey, wool, cotton,
wax, mahogany, and log- wood, with other dyeihg
drugs, are its chief products,
Honduras, bay of, a large bay of N, Araerica,
forraed by the coastof the province of Honduras on
the S, and that of Yucatan on the W. It ia well
known frora tie settlements which tJje British have
made in it, for the cutting down of mahogany and
dye-woods. The principal is the town of Balize,
on the coast of Yucatan, at the mouth of Balize
river, Honduras Cope, or Punta de Custilla, cape, on
the E, side of the gulf of Honduras, Lon. 86° 16'
W.Tiat 16° N,
Honeoy. See Richmond.
Honeoy, lake, ,in Richmond, Ontario co. N, Y.
6 milea long and 1 broad, Honeoy creek, its out
let, flows into Geneseee river, in Rush,
Honey, creek, Ohio, wliich runs into Sanduaky
river, 15 m, from Upper Sandusky,
Honey brook, t Chester co. Pa. Pop, 1,073,
¦ Harifieur, t. France, in Calvaidos, on the lefi
bank of the Seine, opposite Havre de Grace, It
has a good harbour,.aud considerable tr^de. Pop. >

328

HOO

9,600, 30 ;n, N, E, Caen, Lon, 0° 14' E, Lat 49°
25' N,
Honheim, t, Bavaria, on the Danube, 6 m, S, S.
W, Ratisbon,
Honimao, or Uliasser, one of the Molucca ial
ands, Lon 129° 2' E, Lat, 3° 30' S,
Honiton, t.Eng, in Devonshire, on the Otter, It
is a borough, and aenda 2 raembera to parUaraent,
Pop, 2,735, 16 m, E. Exeter, 166 S, W, London,
Lon, 3° 1 1' W, Lat SOP 4ff N,
Hanky, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m.. S. Hudders
field, Pop, 2,918, »
Honorat. SeeLenns. *
Honlaux, t France, in Landes, 4 ra. S. Ville-
neuve de Marsan.
Hoobly. See Hubbely.
Hood's Bay, a harbour of ' Adrairally island, in
Chatham Strait. Lon. 225° 36' E. Lat, 67° 26' N,
- Hood's Island, isl. in the Pacific, Lon, 138°
52'W, Lat9°2ffS,
Hood, Point, cape on the N, W, coast of Ameri
ca, Lat 66° 44' N, ', .
Hoogeveen, t. Netherlands, in Drenthe, 14 ra,
W, N, W, Coevorden, Pop, 4,350-^
' ' Hooglede, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 12
m, N, E, Ypres, Pop. 3,500,
Hoogly, an extensive disfrict of Bengal, between
31° and 23° N. lat. and Extending a considerable
distance on both sides ofthe river Bhagarutty, It
contains all the principal towns belonging to the
European nations vi(ho have settieraents in Ben
gal-. Hoogly, t. Bengal, and for a considerable period
the capital ofthe district, ia on the W. bank of the
Bhagarutty river, 20 ra. N, Calcutta, 76 S. Moor-
she&bad, Hoogly River, properly the Bhagirutly, r, Ben
gal, the ¦weatem outlet of the Gangea, It leaves
the raain atreara at Sooty, and passing by Hoogly,
and Calcutta, runs into the bay of Bengal, in lon,
88° E, lat 21° 40' N, The entrance is extremely
dangerous and difficult, by reason of numerous
sand-banks, which are frequently shifted,
Hoaksctfalls, in Merrimack river, N. H. 8 m. be
low Concord, and 8 above Amoskeag falls. Here
is a bridge across the river, and a small village,
with a post-office,
Hookstoton, v. Md, 6 m. N. W, Baltimore,
Hookslovm, p-v. Green co, N, C,
Hooktown, V. Talbot co, Md. 3 m, N, Easton,
Hooly Onore, t. India, in Mysore, Lon, 75° 41'
• E, Lat, 13° 44' N,
Hoonga-hapaee, and Hongatonga, 4 smaU isl
ands in the Pacific, Loh. 20° 32' S,
Hooper's island, amall isl. Md. in Cheaapealce
bay, annexed to Dorchester co,
Hoorn, s-p, HoUand, on the Zuyderzee, Its har
bour is the best on the coast of that sea, and the
trade is extenaive. Pop, 9,000, 14 m, E, Alk-
maar, 20 N, N, E, Amsterdam, Lon, 5° E, Lat
52°40'N, Hoorn Islands, two islands in the Pacific ocean,
Lon, 171° Sff E. Lat 15° S,
Hoom's Island, small island at the E. entrance
of the straits of Sunda, Lon, 106° 24' E, Lat 5°
44° S,
Hoosack, mt. in Williamstown, Berkshire, co.
Mass, one of the loftieat aummits of the Green
Mountains, Hoosack, r, which riaea in Vermont, and pasaing
into New- York, joins the Hudaon, 8 m, above Lan-
singbiirg. In the town of Hoosack the river falls
40 feet. At this spot is a village and s-cvcral mills.

H O R
*
Hoosack, p-t, Rensselaer co,, JT. Y. 20 in..N. E.
Troy, 26 from Albany. Pbp. 3,1 17.
Hop bottom, p-v. Susquehannah cp. Pa.
.Hope, t. Gaspe co. Lower Canada, on Chaleur
bay. Hope, t. Durham co. Up. Canada, on Lak^ On
tario. Hope, t. Lincoln co. Maine, 35 m. N. E, Wiscas
set. Pop. 787.
Hi^e, smaU isl. Rhode-Island, in Narraganset
bay. Hope, p-t Sussex co, N, J,
Hope, bay, on the N, W. coastof Araerica, Lat
49° Sff N. y
Hopedale, one of the Missionary settlements of
the United Brethren, on the coast of Labrador, S.
of Okkak. See Labrador.
Hopefield, t. Arkansaw Territory, on the Missis
sippi, opposite Chickasaw Bluffs,
-Hope Islands, 2 small ialands near the N, E, coast
of New Holland, Lon, 214° 36' W, Lat 15° 41' S,
Hope Island. See Vavao.
HopeweUft. Westmoreland CO. New Brunswick,
on the Chepodie river, which runs into the bay of
Fundy. Hopewell, t. Cumberland co, N. J. Pop. I,p7,
Hopewell, t. Hunterdon co. N. J. ou Delaware
river, lira. N. Trenton, 14 W. Princeton. - Pop.
2,565. Hopewell, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,577.
Hopewell, t. Curaberland co. Pa. Pop. 769.
-Hopewe//, p-t Bedford CO. Pa. Pop. 1,297.
Hopewell, t. Huntingdon co. Pa, Pop, 805,
Hopewell, t Washington co. Pa, Pop, 2,193,
Hopewell, p-v, York diatrict, S, C,
Hopewell, t. Licking co. Ohio,
Hopewell, t Perry co. Ohio, 5 m. N. Somerset
Hopewell, t Muskingum co, Oliio, 10 m, W,
Zanesville, Hopkins, CO. Ken. Pop. 2,964. Slaves, 412.
Chief town, MadisonviUe.
Hopkins, Paint, cape on the N. W. coaat of
America. Lat 53° 5' N.
HopkinsciUe, t Caledonia co. Vt 36 m. N, E.
MontpeUer. Hopkinsville, p-v. Powhattan co- Va.
HapHnsville, p-v. Christian co. Ken.
Hopkinton, p-t, Hillsborough co. N. H. 7 m. W,
Concord, 42 E. Cliarleston. Pop, 2,216, The
courts of the county are held alternately here and
at Amherst,
Hopkinton, t. Middlesex co, Mass. 30 m, S, W.
Boston, Pop. 1,345,
Hopkinton, p-t, Washington co, R,1, 30m,S,W.
Providence. Pop, 1,774,
Hopkinton, p-t. St Lawrence co, N, Y, 40 m,
E. Ogdensburg, Pop. 372.
Har, in Sac, Geog, two mountains, one on the
borders of Edom, tiie other, a sumrait in the range
of Mount Lebanon, in the N, part of Canaan,
Horb, t. Wirtemburg, on the Neckar, 20 nw N,
N, W, Hohenburg,
Haibury, t, Eng. in Yorkshire, 24 m, S, W.
Wakefield. Pop, 2,356,
Horde, t Prussian WestphaUa, on the Roer, 3
m, S.Dortmund,
Horeb, mt, Arabia Petrea, celebrated in Scrip
ture history, is immediately W, of Mount Sinai,
and foi-ras part of Uie .same chain of hills,
Horgen, t. Swiss canton of Zurich, 10 ra, S, S- E.
Zurich, Pop, 3,300,
Horka. See Brodecz. ,
Hormigos, Los, or The Ants, ropte, off the ^•

H O R
E, coasi of Jamaica, Lon, 75° 4ff W, Lat 18°
35'N, Hormillos, Los, amall isl, near the coaat of Peru,
Lat 16° 45' S,
JEfom, t WeatphaUa, in Lippe, 11 ra, N, Pader
born, Pop. 4,800.
Homberg, t Germany, in Baden, 17 ra. N, E,
Freyburg. Homburg, t Prusaian Saxony, on the lis, 18 m,
W, N, W. Halberatadt. Pop, 2,400,
Hornby, t. Eng, in Lancashire^ on the river
Loyne, 10 m. N, E, Lancaster,
Ham, Cape, a celebrated promontory off the S,
coast of Terra del Fuego, and the most southern
extremity of South America. It is the south
point of a group of islands, called Hermite islands.
It was forraerly considered dangerous to double
thia cape, but it ia now the common course of all
vessels, being found preferable in every respect to
the tedious paaaage through the atraita of Magel
lan. Lon, 67° 46' W, Lat 65° 68' S,
Horncaslk, t. Eng, in Lincolnshire, ou the river
Bane, which is navigable to Witham. 21 m. E.
Lincoln. Pop. 2,622.
Homchurch, t. Eng. in Essex, 14 m. E. London,
Homeburg, t Hanover, in Breraen, on the Aue,
9 ra. S, E, Stade,
Homhausen, v. Prussian Saxony, 20 ra. N. W,
Halberatadt Homhead, ca'pe, on the N, coast of Ireland,
Lon. 7° 61' W. Lat. 55° IffN.
Hom Island, on the coast of Mississippi, W. of
Dauphin island. It is 17 miles long.
Hamoy, t. France, in Sorarae, 20 m. W.
Araiens. Hornsea, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 15 m. N. Hull.
Hamsey, v. Eng. in Middlesex, 5 ra. N. Lon
don. Pop. 3,350.
Homtawn, p-v. Accomac co. Va. 16 m, S, Snow-
hiU, Horp, Le, t. France, in Mayenne, 8 ra, N, W,
Vilaine. Harry, district, S. C. Pop. 4,349. Slaves,
1,398. Horse, one of the smaller Orkney ialanda. Lon.
2°S1'W. Lat58°6ff N.
Horse Islands, sraall islands near the E. coast of
Newfoundland. Lon. 66° 30' W.- Lat. 50°
26'N. Horseneck, v. in Greenwich, Fairfield co. Ct
It was settied originally by the Dutch, In 1646,
the Dutch defeated the Indians at thia place, after
a severe battle.
Horseneck, cape, N. Y, ou the N. side of Long
Island, which forms the E, point at the entrance
of Huntington bay.
Horseneck, v. Essex co. N. J. on the S. side of
the Pasaaic, 4 m. S. W. Patteraon,
Horsens, a-p. Jutland, onthe Cattegat, 19 m. S.
S. W. Aarhuus. Lon. 9° 62' E. Lat. 65° 52'N
Pop. 2,400.
Horsforth, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 ra. N. W,
Leeda, Pop, 2,315,
Horsham, t. Eng, in Sussex, on the Adur. It is
a borough, and returns 2 raerabers to parliament
Pop, 2,839, 20 m, N. W, Brighton, 36 S, London,
Lon, 0° 2ff W, Lat, 51° 4' N.
Horsham, p-t, Montgoraery co. Pa. Pop, 938.
Horst, t Netherlands, in Liraburg, 8 m, N, N,
W, Venloo.
Hartes, t. France, in Upper Marne, 9 ra, E,
Langres.

HOU

329

Horton, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 2 ra. S. W. Brad
ford. Pop. 4,423.
Horvas, ial. in the gulf of Mexico, near the N.
coast of Yucatan. Lon. 70? 5' W. Lat 21°
IffN. Horwick, t. Eng. in Lancashire, ^ m. N. W,
Great Bolton. Pop. 2,374. ,
Horsits, t. Boheraia, 13 m. N, N, W, Konigin
gratz, fop, 2,40t).
Horiowits, t. Bohemia, 28 m. S. W. Prague.
Hospital, or Roinesfard, isl. Mass. in Boston
harbor, annexed to Hingham, 6 ra. S. E. Boston.
At this place vessels perform quarantine, and
there is a hoapital for seamen.
Hossein Abdaul, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 71"?
43' E. Lat. 33° N. ',
Hosso Durga, t. India, in Cinara. Lon. 75°
13' E. Lat. 12° Iff N.
Hossobetta, t. India, in Canara. Lon. 76° E.
Lat, 12°-42' N,
Hostalric, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Tor-
dera, 36 ra. E, N, E, Barcelona, 20 S. S, W. Ge
rona, ,
Hosterlitz, t. Mora-ria, 30 m, W, by S. Auatcr-
litz. Hoslimuri, t. Mexico, 80 m, S. Sonora,
Hot springs, p-v, Bath co. Va. See Bath
county. Hottentots, a people who inhabit the S. part of
Africa. Their country extends eastward along
the sea coaat frora the Cape of Good Hope, to the
territory of the Kaffrea, and ia bounded N. by the
Orange river, which separates them from the Bosh
uanas and Damaras. There are three races :
the inhabitanta of the colony, the Boajeamana,
and the Namaquas. The Hottentota of the colo
ny are about 15,000 in number. They are a mild,
quiet, and timid people, perfectiy harmless, hon
est, aud faithful, but naturally the most lazy peo
ple on earth. Their indolence is a real disease ;
they will rather fast and sleep the whole day, than
seek food by any exertion. The Bosjesman Hot
tentots inhabit the raost inaccessible parts of the
Sneuwberg and Nieuweldtraountaina, which form
the northern boundary of the colony. They are
a wild and reaUess race. From their rugged
haunta they make inroada into the plantations,
carry off the catUe and sheep, and frequently kill
the farmers and their domestics. Their activity
is incredibly great They are said to be so swift,
that on rough ground, horsemen have no chance
with thera. The Namoqua Hottentota inhabit the
N, W, parta of the colony,— The United Breth
ren eatabUdied a miaaion among the Hottentota in
1736, whicn was renewed in 1792, since which
the London Society have sent out many mission
aries. The labors of both have been attended with
the happiest effects. The Hottentots at several set
tlements, now cultivate the fields, own large num
bers of cattle, exercise various trades, and con
tribute liberally to the support of religious and
charitable institutions, exhibiting a wonderful
proof of the power of Christianity in elevating
raen frora sloth' and misery to activity and com
fort See South Africa.
Hotzenplots, t. Austrian Silesia, 20 m. N. Trop
pau. Houat, isl. France, opposite the mouth of the
Vilaine, in Morbihan, 7 m. N. E. Belleiale. Lon.
2° 56' 27" W. Lat 47° 2ff 32" N.
Houdan, t. France, in Scine-and-Oiae, on the
Vesgre, 17 m. S. W. Nantes.

42

330

HOW

HUD

• Houga, La, t. France, in Gers, 30 m. S. W.
Condom. . Hougorden, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant,
on the Gecte, 11 m. S. E. Louvain. Pop. 2,600.
Houghton, V. Eng. in Norfolk.
Houghton, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 7 m. S. E.
Manchester. Houghton, t Norfolk Co. Up. Canada, on lake
Erie. Houghton, Port, harbor, on the N. W. coast of
America, between Points Hobart and Walpole.
Lat 67° 2ff N.
Houghton Le Spring, t. Eng. 7 m. N. E. Dur
ham. Fop, 1,356,
Hougue. See Hogue.
Hovingham, t, Eng, in Yorkahire, 18 m, N,'
York,. Houndsbos-duynen, sandy ridge, on the coast of
Holland, 4 m, fr, Alkmaar, extending about 4 or
5 miles, Hounsfield, p-t, Jefferson co, N. Y, on lake On
tario, Pop, 943, In this town ia Sackett'a har
bor, Hounslaw, t. Eng. in Middleaex, on a branch of
the Colne, on the edge of Hounslow Heath, 9 m.
W. London.
Houstttonnue, r. which risea in Berkahire co.
Mass. and running S. across Connecticut, enters
Long Island Sound between Milford and Strat
ford. In the latter part of its course, it is called
Stratford river. It ia navigable for amall vessels,
12 miles to Derby. Between Canaan and Salis
bury in the N. 'W. corner of the State, it has a
perpendicular fall of 60 feet
Houssa, or Haausso, country, of central Africa,
on the Niger, with a capital of the aame name.
From all the accounta tranamitted to Europe, it
appeara to be the raost civilized and improved of
any of the native states of thia continent ; but
our knowledge of it is still exceedingly imperfect
According to the recent information of Mr. Bow-
dich, Houssa is aituated some days journey to the
north of the branch of the Niger csiUed the Gam-
baroo. It is considerably larger Uian Tombuctoo,
and superior to any other city N. of the Niger,
except Bornou.
Houstanvilk, p-v. Iredell co. N. C.
Houstonville, p-v. Pendleton diatrict, S. C.
Howakil, large bay, Abyaainia. Lat. 15° 1' N.
Howard, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extending
frora lake Eric to the river Tharaes.
Howard, t. Steuben co. N. Y. 12m. W, Bath,
Howard, t. Centre co. Pa, Pop. 761, ^
Howard, co, Miaaouri, on both sides of Missouri
river. At the court-house ia a poat-office, 60 m.
fr. Cote sana desaein, 160 W. St Louis, Lat 38°
46' N, ,
Howden, or Hoveden, t Eng. in Yorkahire, near
the confluence of the Ouae with the Humber, 25
m, W, HuU, Lon, 0° 61' W, Lat, 63° 46* N,
Pop. 1,812,
Howell, t. Monmouth co, N. J. Pop, 2,780,
Howell's store, p-v. Clarke co, Alabaraa,
Howe's Foreland, peninaula, on the N, E, coast
of Iferguelen's Land, Lon, 69° 28' E, Lat, 48°
4ffS. (
Howe's Island, one of the Queen Charlotte's
islands, Lon, 164° 4ff E, Lat, 11° Iff S,
Howe's Island, isl. in the Pacific, by the natives
called Mopetro, Lon, 154° 7' W, Lat, 16°
4ff S,
Howe's Sound, hay, in the gulf of Georgia,
Lon, 237° E, Lat, 49° S3'N.

Howland, t TrumbuU co, Ohio, 4 m, E, War.-
ren, Howth, a peninsula on the coaat of Ireland,
which forraa the N. boundary of the bay of Dub
lin. A magnificent harbor haa been constructed
bere, to shelter such veaaels aa are bound for the
port of Dublin. - >
Hoxter, or Huxter, t Prussian states, on the
Weser, 16 m. W Grubenhagen. Pop. 2,900. >
Hoy, isl. one of the Orkneys, 4 ra. W. Ron^d-
say. Lon, 3° 7' W, Lat. 58° 4ff N,
-Hb^a, province, Hanover, adjoining Bremen
and Oldenburg. Extent, 1,165 sq. miles. Pop.
90,000. Hoya, the capital, ia on the Alter, 23 m.
S. E. Bremen,
Hoyer, t. Denmark, in Sleawick, ou the North
sea- Hayerswerda, or Woirets, t. Prussian states, in
Upper Lusatia, on the Black Elster, 34 m, N, E.
Dresden, Hoyland Nether, t Eng, in Yorkahire, 5 m, S, E.
Bamesley, Hoym, t. Saxony, ou the Selke, 16 m, W, Bern
burg. Hradisch, t, Moravia, on the Morawa, 30 m, S.
Ohnutz, Lon. 17° 4 E. Lat 49° ff N.
Huaheine, or Aheine, the easternmost" of the
Society Islands. It is 24 railes in circumference,
and is divided into two peninsulas, by an isthmus
overflowed at high water, Lon. 150° 6ff W, Lut
16° 4ff S, See Society Islands.
Huailas. See Guailos.
Hualsoe, araaU isl, near the coaat of Norway,
Lat69°4ffN, Huamalies. See Guamalies.
Huamelua, t Mexico, in Oaxaca, 45 leagues S.
E, Mexico. Lon. 96° 44' W. Lat 16° Iff N.
Hubbard, t Trumbull co. Ohio, 16m. S.E,
Warren. Hubbordstown, p-t. Rutiand co. Vt 40 m. N. W.
Windaor. Pop. 734.
Hubbordstowny p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 21 m.
N. Worceater. Pop. 1,127.
Hubber, smaU ial. in the Baltic. Lon. 13° 40'
E. Lat 54° Sff N.
Hubely, or Hoobly, t Hind, in Bejapore, Lon,
76° IffE, Lat 15° 24' N,
Hubert, aeigniory, Quebec co. Lower Canada,
Hucheswagen, t Prusaian states of the Rhine,
on the Wipper, 28 m, E, S, E, Duaaeldorf, 31 N.
E, Cologne. Pop. 4,300.
Huddersfield, t Eng. on the Colne, in York
ahire, one of the principal seats of the' wooUen
manufacture in the kingdom. It communicates
by canals with Manchester, Liverpool, and Hull,
Pop, in 181 1, 9,671, 8 m, S, E, Halifax, 16 S, W.
Leeds, 189 N, W, London, Lon, 1° 49' W. Lat
53° 39' N.
Hudismenil, t. France, iu La Manche, 6 m, E,
Granville. Hudson, city, port of entry, and cap. of Colum
bia CO, N, Y, is finely situated on the E, bank of
Hudson river, which is navigable to thia place foi'
the largeat ahipa, 30 m, S, Albany, 130 N, New
York, Lat 42° 14' N, Its growth haa been very
rapid. It waa founded in 1784 ; in 1786, the pop
ulation was 1,500 ; and in 1810, 4,048. The site
of Hudson is on a high point, which projects into
the river, terminating in a bold cliff, on each side
of which are bays of considerable extent The
city is regularly laid out in streets and squares,
and CBntaioa an academy, 2 banks, 4 priuting-offi-

H U L

HUM

331

ces, and 4 houses of public worship, 1 for Friends,
1 for Preabyterians, I for Methodiats, and 1 for
Epiacopaliana. The creeks on the bordera of the
town aSbrd fine aeats for milia and manufactoriea,
and a few years since, Hudaon was regarded as
the third town in the state in manufactures, and
the fourtii in comraerce. The amount of shipping
in 1816, was 3,449 tons.
Hudson River, N. Y. one of the best for navi
gation in America, rises in the mountainous re
gion on the W. of lake Champlain, and pursuing
a southerly course of raore than 300 miles, com
municates with the Atlantic, below New York
city. It is navigable for ships to Hudaon; for
large aloops to Albany, near the head of the tide,
160 m. from New York ; and for smaU sloops, to
Troy, 6 miles further, ^t is connected by a ca
nal witii lake Champlain ; and the grand canal,
now in progress, will. soon connect it with lake
Erie, Hudson, p-t. Portage co, Ohio, 12 m, N, W,
Ravenna, 23 S, E. Cleveland, Pop, 793,
Hudson's Bay, a large bay of N, America, ex
tending from lon, 78° to 96° W, and from lat, 52°
to 68° N, The Hudson's bay company have sev
eral settiements and forts, eapecially on the weat
coaat, where their agents carry on a fraffic with
the Indiana for beaver skins and other valuable
ftira, Hudson's House, one of the Hudaon'a bay com
pany's factories, in N, America, on the Saskaaha-
wine, Lon, 106° 27' 20'' W, Lat, 53° 0' 32" N,
Hudson Point, cape, on the W, coaat of N,
America, a littie within the entrance of Admiral
ty inlet, in the gulf of Georgia, Lon, 237° Sff E,
Lat 48° ffN,
Hudson's Straits, or Frobisher's Mistaken
Strait, the narrow aea between the Atlantic
ocean and Hudaon'a bay, N. of Labrador.
Hudwickswali, or H'udikswall, a-p. Sweden, in
Helaingland. Lon, 17° ffE, Lat 61° 45' N.
Hveen, or Ween, isl. of the Baltic, in the Sound,
3 m. fr. the coaat of Swedpn, 9 fr. Elsinore, 15 fr.
Co'penhagen, Huqutta, city, Mexico, 210 m, N, E, Mexico.
Lon. 274° 15' W. Lat 22^ 35' N.
Huelva, maritime t Spain, in Seville, 67 m. N.
W. Cadiz. Pop. 6,000.
Hiterari, r. New Granada, which enters the
Amazon, in lat 3° 27' S.
Huesca, t Spain, in Arragon, 30 m. N, E, Sara
gossa. Lon. 0° 16' W. Lat;42° N. Pop. 6,800,
Huescar, t Spain, 70 m, N, E, Granada, Pop,
3,000, Huettt, t. Spain, in Cuenca, 51 m. E, S. E, Ma
drid, Pop, 2,500,
Hueyque Leuvu. See Colorado Rio.
Hugh, Point, the S. E. pointof Admiralty island,
Lon, 226° Sff E, Lat 67° 27' N,
Hughes', p-v, St Genevieve co, Missouri.
Hughesville, p-v. Patrick co. Va.
Huldipookre, t. Bengal, in Midnapore. Lon.
86° 16' E. Lat 22° 37' N.
Huldschin, or Holtschin, t. SUesia, 13 m. E,
Troppau, Hulingsburg, p-v, Armstrong co. Pa,
Hulin's Rocks, or the Maids, rocks in the N,
channel of the Irish sea, Lon, 6° 37' W, Lat,
54° 67' N,
HiUl, r, Eng. in Yorkshire, which falla into the
Humber at Hull.
Hull, or Kingston upon Hull, a-p, Eng. in York

shire, on the Humber, at the junction of the
Hull. It is admirably aituated for commerce, be
ing connected by the wide apread branchea of the
Humber, and by navigable canals, with York,
Sheffield, Leeds, Manchester, Liverpool, Notting
ham, Birmingham, and Bristol, and is open on the
east to the eastern coast and the continent. With
these facilities for trade, a general spirit of com
mercial activity and enterprize has diffused itselfj
and thia growing emporiura ia now the fourth, if
not the third, in point of extent and iraportance,
in the United Kingdora. The foreigntrade is
principally to the Baltic, but a regula^Jlraffic is
alao kept up to the southern parts of Europe, to
the West Indies, and to America. Hull ia more
extensively engaged in the whale fishery, by far,
than any other port in Britain. The number of
whale ahipa, for several yeara past has been about
60. The coasting trade for coala, com, wool,
manufactured goods, &c. ia prodigioua ; and the
inland trade exceeds that of any other English
port. Within the last 30 yeara, the town haa
been greatly enlarged, and is continually receiv
ing new additions and iraprovements. The
old dock was begun in 1775 ; it is '700 yards long,
86 wide, and 22 deep, and will contain 130 ves
sels of 300 tons : it covers an area of 10 aprea.
The Humber dock was begun in April 1807 : it
opena into the Humber by a lock wliich wUl ad
mit a 60 gun-ship. Hull waa forraerly a place of
great strength, but the walls have been entirely
demolished by the extenaion and improvements of
the town. It aenda 2 members to parliament.
Pop, in 1811, 26,792; but including Drypool,'
Sutton, Sculcoates, and those absent at sea, it will
be upwards of 40,000. 36 m. S, E, York, 174 N.
London. Lon. 0° Iff W. Lat, 63° 45' N,
Hull, t, York CO, Lower Canada, on Ottawa
river. •
Hull, t. Plymouth co. Mass, on the S, aide of
Boston harbor, 9 m. E, Boston, 36 N, Plyraouth,
Pop. 132, It ia a peninsula 8 miles long, connect
ed with Hingham by a mill dam,
HuW s cross-roads, p-v, Hartford co, Md,
Hull's store, or Crab-bottom, p-v. Pendleton co,
Va, Hulme, t Eng; in Lancaahire, 2 m, S, E. Man
chester. Pop, 3,081,
Hulmevilk, p-t, Bucks co. Pa,
Hids, t. Prussian states of the Rhine, in Cleves,
35 m. N. W. Cologne,
Hulst, t. Netherlanda, in Dutch Brabant, 20 m,
N, E. Ecloo, Lon. 4° ff 27" E, Lat, 61° ff 63" N.
Hultschin. See Huldschin.
Humamwlida, v. Aaia Minor, 65 ra. W. Angora.
Humber, r. Eng. formed, by the junction of the
Ouae, the Aire, and the Trent It ia the outlet of
all the eastern rivers of England, from the Tees
to the Trent, and runa into the Gerraan ocean, in
lat 53° Sff N.
Humber, r. Newfoundland, which falls into the
gulfof St Lawrence, through the Bay of Islands.
Humberstone, t. Lincoln co. Up; Canada, on
lake Erie.
Humbolecz, t Bohemia, in Czaslau, 9 m. S. W.
Teutach-Brod. Pop. 2,000.
HummeUtown, p-t. Dauphin co. Pa. on Swetara
creek, 10 ra. E. Harriaburg.
Hummock, amall isl. in the Eaatem aeas, 15 m.
S. Mindanao. Lon. 126° 37' E, Lat 5° 24' N,
Hummock Island, in the Easternsea, Lat, 24°
15' N. Lon, 123° Sff S.

332

HUN

HUN

, Hummock Point, cape, Celebes, Lon, 121° 39'
E, Lat, 1° 2ff N,
Hump Isle, ial, in the Eastern sea, off the N,
coast of Papua, Lon, 135° 30' E, Lat 2° 30' S,
Humphreys, co. West Tennessee, on the E, side
of Tennessee river. Pop, 1,611, Slavea, 132,
Chief town, Reynoldaburg.
Humphreysville, p-v. in Derby, New Haven co,
Ct on the Naugatuck, i^ m, above ita confluence
with the Houaatonnuc, Here is an extensive
woollen factory. At this place, merino sheep
were firat introduced into the U; S, in 1801, by
Gen, HTBnphreya.
- Humphreysville, p-v. Union co. S. C,
Huna, r. Hungary, which separates Croatia
from Sclavonia, and faUs into the Save,
Hundersfield, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 ra, N, E,
Rochdale, Pop. in 1801, 10,671. It is now di
vided into 4 distinct townships.
Hundsfeld. See Friedrichsfelde.
Hundsruck, an extensive district of Uie Pruasian
states, including, in its most coraprehenEive sense,
the whole territory between the Rhine, tiie Mo
selle, and the Nahe.
Hune, La, bay, Newfoundland, 90 m. E, Cape
Ray. Hun/leet, or Hunslet, t Eng. in Yorkshire, on
the Aire, 2 m. S, E. Leeds. Pop. 6,393.
Hungary, kingdom, in the S. E, of Europe,
forming a considerable part ofthe Auatrian do
minions, bounded W. by part of Germany, N. by
Galicia, from which it is separated by the Carpa
thian mountaina ; E. by Transylvania and Walla
chia; S, by Turkey, Sclavonia, and Croatia, from
which it is separated by the Drave and the Dan
ube. It lies between 1 6° 6' and 27° 6' E. lon, and
44° Iff and 49° 26' N. lat. Extent, 84,500 sq.
miles. Pop. estimated at 7,300,000.
Tlie frontier of Hungary, on almost every side,
consists of lofty mountains, while the interior is
an immense plain. The mountains contain nu
merous mines of gold, silver, lead, copper,
&c. The annual produce of these mines is about
21,000 marks (each of 8 oz,) of gold; 93,000
marks (ditto) of silver; 23,000 cwt, of lead;
48,600 cwt. of copper; 41,000 cwt. of forged
- iron ; and 600 cwt. of zinc. Agriculture ia ex
treraely backward ; but Hungary haa long been
celebrated for its pastures, and can vie with Eng
land in regard to cattle. 'The inhabitants consist
of a great variety of different tribes ; the ma
jority are Sclavonians ; next to them, iu point of
number, are the Hungarians proper ; the de
scendants of Germans are numerous, particularly
in the west ; the Walachians inhabit the Baiinat
and other counties in the S. and E. ; of the minor
tribes, the chief are Greeks, Armenians, Jews,
and Gypaies. — The constitution of Hungary is a
compound of raonai-chy and aristocracy. The
inlvabitants consist of three clas-ses, nobles, citi
zens, and peasants. All political rights are en
joyed by the two former, who assume to them
selves the title of the nation, while the peasantry
are treated as an inferior race. The latter alone
pay taxe,«. The whole number of nobles is about
326,000, The principal exporta are corn, tobac
co, wine, and wool. The imports are chiefly
manufactured goods and colonial produce. The
revenue is between 3,000,000/, and 4,000,000/
sterling, forraing nearly onc-thii-d of the whole
revenue of Austria, The standing army conaists
of 63,000 men. There is also the pcrraanent mi
litia, eutiibUshed in a tract of couutry along the

southern frontier ; in this district, every man is
bora a soldier. The district ia governed by a
military oonatitution, and the inhabitants are ex
empted from taxea, on condition of being ready
to take arras, when called on by government. —
The numbers of the different religious aecta, in
cluding Sclavonia and Croatia, are estiraated aa
foUowa : Roman CathoUca, 4,000,000, Greeka
2,600,000,Calvini3ts 1 ,300,000,Lulherana 700,000,
Jews 80,000. The Protestants were formerly op
pressed, but since the time of Joseph II. (1780,)
there has been coraplete toleration, and all sects
are now zealous in auppoirt of the Auatrian govem
raent Hungerford, t Eng. partly iu Berkshire and
partiy in Wiltshire, on the Kennet, 26 m. W.
Reading, 64 W. London. Lon. 1° 30' W. Lat 51°
24' N. Pop, 1,300.
Hungerford, t. Hastings co. Up. Canada.
Hungry bay, N. Y. in Lake Ontario, on which is
Sacketts harbor. It afforda good anchorage, and
safe ahelter for the largeat vessels.
Hungry town, p-t. Lunenburg co. Va.
Huningen, or Huningue, a fortress in the eaat
of France, on the Rhine, once of great atrength,
but demolished aince 1816 ; 16 m. E. Altkircb,
Lon. 7° 33' E. Lat 47° 41' N.
Hunmonby, t Eng. in Yorkshfre, 8 m. fr. Brid
lington, Hunt, Point, the N. cape of Pitt's Archipelago.
Lon. 229° 4ff E. Lat 54° Iff N.
Huntau, small r. East Prussiei, which falls into
the Friach Haff.
Hurtle, r. Westphalia, which flows through the
lake called Dummersee, and passing by Olden
burg, runs into the Weser about 20 m. below,
Dunter, formerly Greenland, t, Greene co, N. Y.
Hunter, Cope, cape on the S, W. coast of New
Georgia, Lon, 160° ff E, Lat 9° 42' N.
Hunter's Isles, cluster of islands off the N. W.
extrenuty of Van Diemen's Land, Lon. 145° E.
Lat, 40° Sff S.
Hunter, Part, harbor, on the E, coast of New
HoUand, in S. lat 33°.
Hunterdon, co. N. J. on Delaware river, in
cloaed by the countiea of Suaaex, Morris, Somer
set, and Cumberland, and by Delaware river.
Pop. 24,553. Chief town, Trenton.
Hunterstown, t. St, Maurice co. Lower Canada,
28 m, N. W. Three-Rivera.
Hunterstown, v. York co. Pa, 26 m, W, York.
HuntersviUe, p-v. Lincoln co. N, C.
Hunting Creek, r. Va, which runs into the Po
tomac, at the S. corner of Columbia diatrict
Hunting creek town, v. Dorcheater co. Md, 18
m, N, E. Carabridge.
Huntingdon, co. Eng. bounded N. by North-
araptonsliire, E. by Cambridgeshire, S. by Cam
bridgeshire and Bedfordshire, and W. by North
amptonshire. Extent, 210,000 acres, or 340 aq.
miles. Pop. in 1811, 42,208, FamiUea, 8,808 ; of
which number 5,361 are engaged in agriculture,
2,205 in trade, &c. and 1,242 otherwise,
Huntingdon, t Eng. cap. of Huntingdonshire,
on the N. bank of the Ouse, which is here naviga
ble for bargea and small vessela. It is a borough,
and sends two raerabers to parUament Pop. in
1811, 2,397, 15 m, N. W, Cambridge, 684 Ni
London. Lou. 0° Iff W, Lat, 62° 2ff N.
Huntingdon, co. Lower Canada, on Uie S. side
of the St Lawrence.
Huntingdon, t. Hastings co. Up. Canada.
Huntingdon, co. Pa, inclosed by the counties of

HUR

H Y D

333

Centre, Mifflio, Franklin, Bedford, and Cambria,
PopL 14,778.
Huntingdon, p-t. and cap, Huntingdon co. Pa.
on the N. side of the Jupiatta, 50 ra, above ita
mouUi, 129 E. Pittsburg, 186 W. Philadelphia.
Fop. 1,698.
Huntingdon, t Adams co. Pa. Pop. 1,014.
Huntingdon, t Luzerne co. Pa, Pop. 1,114.
Huntingdon, £as/, ?t Westmoreland co. Pa.
Pop. 1,267.
Huntingdon, North, t Westmoreland co. Pa.
Pop. 3,345.
Huntingdon, South, t. Westmoreland, co. Pa.
Pop. 1,656.
Hunting sound, channel on the coast of N. C.
between Core bank and the main,
Huntington, t Chittenden co. Vt 16 m. S. E.
Burlington. Pop. 614.
Huntington, p-t. Fairfield co. Ct. on the Houaa
tonnuc, which separates it from Derby, 17 m. W.
New-Haven. Pop. 2,770.
Huntington, p-t. Suffolk co. on Long-Island, N.
Y. 40 m. E. New-York. Pop. 4,424. It extenda
across the, island from the sound to the Atiantic,
aud contains 5 housea of public worship. The
village of Huntington ia built on a bay which acta
up from the aound. Here is an academy. On
Eaton'a neck, the N. E. part of the town, ia a light
house. Huntington, p-v. Laurens district, S. C.
Huntington, t GaUia co. Ohio, 15 m. N. W.
GaUipolis. Pop. in 1815, 266.
Huntington, t Roas co- Ohio, on the Scioto, 3 ra.
S. Chillicotiie. Pop. in 1818, 1,026.
Huntington, t. Brown co. Ohio.
Huntingtown, p-t Calvert co. Md. on Hunting
creek, 22 m. N. E. Port Tobacco, 40 fr. AnnapoUa,
Huntly, t Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, at the
confluence of the Bogie with the Deveron, 28 m.
N. W. Aberdeen.
Huntsburg, t. Franklin co. Vt, 36 m, N. N. E.
Burlington. Pop, 714.
Hunt's milk, p-v. Hunterdon co. N. J.
Huntspill, pariah, Eng. in Someraetahire, 7 ra.
N. Bridgewater. Pop. 1,119.
HuntsviUe, p-v. Surry co. N. C.
HuntsviUe, p-v. Laurena district, S. C.
Huntsville, p-t. and cap. Madison co. Alabama,
near the head waters of Indian creek, a little N.
of Tennessee river, 120 m. from the falls of Black-
warrior, 1 13 S. Nashville, (Ten,) Lon, 87° W,
Lat 34° 30' N. It is regularly laid out, and con
tains a court-houae, market, printing office, bank,
and about 100 houaes. The to-wn is suppUed with
good water. It is in a fertile country, and is rap
idly increasing,
HuntsjtiUe, p-v. Robertson co. Ten.
Hunyad, t Transylvania, 44 ra. S. W. Hermen-
stadt Hurdwar, t Hind, in Delhi, on the W. bank of
the Gangea, near where that river iasuea from the
mountaina. It ia one of the celebrated placea of
Hindoo purification. 86 ra, N, of Delhi. Lon, 78°
2'E, Lat 29° 57'N,
Huriel, t France, in AUier, 6 m, N, W, Mont-
lucon. Hurley, t Ulater co, N, Y, 3 m. W, Kingaton,
Pbp; 1,333.
Huron, one of the great lakes on the boun
dary between the U, S, and Canada, Its greatest
length frora E. to W. is 218 railes, and from N, to
S. 180, and it is estimated to contain 6,000,000
acres, Lon, 80° Iff to 84° Sff W, Lat, 43° 2ff to

46° 10' N, On its N. W, side it receives the wa
ters of Lake Superior through the river St, Ma
ry's, and ia connected with Lake Michigan by the
atraita of Michilimackinac. Itdischargea itself at
ita aouthern extremity, through St. Clair river,
into Lake St Clair, The Manatoulin islands
stretch from E, to W, along the northem side of
the lake for 160 miles. Many of them are from
20 to SO miles long, by 10, 12, and 15 broad ; be
sides thia great chain, there are many others of in
ferior diraenaions, which render the navigation in
tricate, and in aome placea, particularly towards
the west end, dangerous, "The shores of this lake
are represented as sterile ; but they have been
very imperfectly explored. The steam-boat from
Lake Erie occasionally makes a trip acrosa this
lake to Mackinaw,
Huron, co, Ohio, on Lake Erie and Sandusky
bay. Chieftown, Avery.
Huron, p-t, Huron co, Ohio, 5 m. N. E, Avery,
47 W, Cleaveland,
Huron, r, Ohio, which runa into Lake Erie, 6
m, E. Sandusky bay, ¦
Huron af Erie, r. Michigan Territory, which
falls into Lake Erie not far below the raouth of
Detroit river. It is beatable 60 or 60 railes.
Huron af St. Clair, r. Michigan Territory,
which issues frora a chain of sraall lakes in the
neighborhood of Pontiac, and flows into Lake St
Clair about 20 m. above Detroit
Hurreepore, disfrict. Hind, in Lahore, between
32° and 33° N, lat,
Hurrial, t, Bengal, Lon, 89° 17'E, Lat24° 19' N.
Hurrianeh. See Hissar Ferozeh.
Hurricane, t, Lincoln co, Missouri,
Hurst Castle, fortress, Eng, in Hampahire, at
the point ofa remarkable tongue of land, scarcely
200 yards over at high water, yet projecting two
miles into the sea towards the Isle of Wight, 2 m,
W. of Yarmouth in the Isle of Wight, Lon, 1° 33'
E, Lat 60° 42' N,
Hurst Monceoux. See Hertsmonceaux.
Has, Husch, or Hussu, t. Moldavia, ou the
Pruth, 70 ra. S, W, Bender, Lon, 28° 34' E. Lat,
46° 35' N.
Husinecz, or Hussenitz, t. Bohemia, on the
Blanitz, the native place of John Huss, 4 m, N,-
Prachatitz. '
Hussenabod, t. Hind, in Mulwah, on the Nar-
buddah. Lon, 77° 54' E. Lat. 22° 42' N,.
Hustnapore, or Hustinagara, city. Hind, in
Delhi, onthe W, bank ofthe Ganges, about 60 m.
N, E, Delhi, Lon, 77° 6ff E, Lat 29° 7' N,
Husum. a-p. Denmark, on the Aue, 16 ra. W,
Sleswick. *• Lon. 9° 4' 42" E. Lat 54° 28' 59" N,
Pop, 4,000,
Huttany, t Hind, in Bejapore, Lon, 75° 20' E„
Lat 16° SffN,
Huttenberg, t. Lower Carinthia, 26 m, N, E,
Clagenfurt, HuUorisvUle, p-v, Randolph co, Va,
Huttweil, t. Swisa canton of Berne, 18 ra, N, E.
Berne, Huy, or Haye, t. Netherlands, on the Maeae, 16
m, E, Namur, Lon, 6° 11' E. Lat. 50° SffN,
Hy. See lana.
Hyaron, small isl, of the Grecian Archipelago,
near the coast of Morea, between the gulfa of Na^
poll and Engia.
Hyde, t. Eng, in Cheahire, 4 m. N. E, Stockport
Pop, 1,806.
Hyde, co. on the coaat of N. C. Pop. 6,029.
Slavea, 1,852, Chieftown, Gennantown,

334

I B U

ICE

Hyde park, p-t Orleans co, Vt 34 m, N, Mont
peUer, Pop, 26L
Hyde park, p-v, in Clinton, Dutchess co, N, Y,
8 m, N, Poughkeepsie, Here is an academy,
Hyderabad, province, Hind, formerly called Te-
Ungana, and afterwards Golcondah, aituated chief
ly between 16° and 19° N, lat ,and strictiy speak
ing, corapriaing the country between the rivera
Godavery and Kiatna, The term is frequentiy
used in a much more extenaive sense, and applied
to all the territories of the Nizam, including the
provinces of Beder and Nandere, part of Dowlet,
or Aurungabad, part of Bejapore, and part of Be
rar, The nizam is supported in his authority by a
British force of 10,000 fighting men, and by frea
ties of alliance offensive and defenaive,
Hyderabad, or Bagnagar, the capital of the
above province, ia on the S. bank of the Muaa,
about 6 ra. from the strong fortreas of Golcondah,
ft ia a fine and popufous city, of about 7 miles in
circumference, and aurrounded by a stone waU,
Lon, 78° 52' E. Lat 17° 17' N,
Hyderabad, city, Hindoatan, and cap, ofthe pro
vince of Sinde, on the Indus, Lon, 68° 41' E, Lat,
25° 22' N, Pop, 15,000,

Hyderabad. See Soory.
Hydergur, forfress, India, in Mysore, which
commanda the road from the port of Cundapore to
the city of Bednore. 14 m, S, W, Bednore,
Hydra, or Idro, isl, in the Grecian Archipelago,-
near the E, coast of the Morea, 10 miles long and
2 broad. It is rocky and little cultivated, but very
populous and coramercial. The nuraber of vessels
amounts to 200, carrying from 100 to 400 tons each,
and in general weU equipped. They trade to
France, Spain, Italy, and other counfries. The
aailora are considered tbe most intrepid in the Ar
chipelago, At a large school eatabUahed in the
island, the ancient Greek is taught. Lon. 23° 30'
E. Lat 37° 20' N. Pop. 20,000.
Hydrah, or Hedra, t Tunia, on the frontier of
Algiers, diatinguiahed by very extenaive ruins:
150 m. S. W. Tunia,
Hyllekrog, amall isl. of the Baltic, belonging to
Denmark. Lon. 1 1° 32' E. Lat 54° 36' N.
Hythe, t. Eng. in Kent, and one of the cinque
ports, but its harbour graduaUy filling up, the
trade has decUned. Pop. 2,318. 9 m. S. W.JDo-
ver, 67 S. E. London. Lon. 1° 6' E. Lat Sl°
4' N. >

IbAbAo, or lamao, one of tiie Philippine isl
ands. Lat 11° Sff Iff' N.
Ibague, t New Granada, 70 m. W. S. W. Santa
Fe. Lon. 76° Iff W. Lat. 4°- 28' N.
Ibarra, t S. America, 42 m. N. E. Quito. Lon.
77° 55' W. Lat 0° 2ff N. Pop, 12,000.
Ibarra, settlement, Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 27
m. from Zacatecas. Lon. 101° 24' W. Lat. 22°
32'30''N. Ibbenbuliren, t. Hanover, 12 ra, N. W. Osna
bruck. Pop. 1,300.
Ibberville, or Bayou Manchac, r. Louisiana, one
of the outleta ofthe Miaaiaaippi. It leaves the main
stream at Manchac, 20 m. below Baton rouge, and
after an E, course of 20 miles, receives Amite riv
er ; thence ita course ia S, E. 40 milea, until it
joina Lake Maurepas. It ia navigable three montha
in the year for veaaels drawing 3 or 4 feet water,
but during the reat of the year, it ia entirely dry,
from the Miasiasippi to the mouth of Amite river.
Ibberville, co. Louisiana. Pop. 2,679.
Ibberville, p-v. Ibberville co. Louiaiana.
Iberi, or Caracoras, lake, S. America, between
the rivers Parana and Uraguay, in 28° and 29° S.
lat It is more than 100 miles long, and 40 broad.
Ibi, t. Spain, in Valencia, 61 m. N. bv W. Va
lencia, Pop. 3,200.
Ibleom, in Sac. Geog. t in the tribe of Manasseh.
Ibopetuba, small ial. near the coaat of Brazil.
Lat. 25° 3ff S.
Ibrahim Bassa, (an. Adonis,) r. Syria, which
runa into the Mediterranean,about 5 m, S. Gihelet
Ibraila. See Brahilow.
Ibraim, r. Persia, which runs into the Persian
gulf, 6 ra. S. W. Mina.
Ibrim, t Nubia, in Africa, on the Nile, 120 m. S.
Syene. Iburg, t Hanover, on the Colbeck, 10 m. S, W,
Osnabruck, 30 N. E, Munster,

lea. See Pulumayu.
lea, a province of Peru, bordering on the Pacif
ic ocean. It is 50 leaguea long, from N, to S, and
24 broad, lea, the capital, ia 140 m, E, S, E, Li
ma, 25 S, by E, Pisco, Lon, 75° 28' W, Lat 13"
5ffS, Icaque, cape, SI, ^Domingo, at the entrance ef
the bay of Samana. Lat 19° 2' N,
Iceland, isl. in the Atlantic ocean, belonging to
Denmark, about 280 m. long from E, to 'W, anil
210 from N, to S, Extent, 40,000 square miles,
95 ra, frora Greenland, 220 from the Faroe islea,
and 330 from Drontheim in Norway, Lat 63°
to 67° N, Lon, 12° to 25° W, Pop. 50,000. Ita
surface is rugged and mountainous ; its soil pro
duces no corn, and hardly any of the necessaries
of life. No part of the globe presents such a num
ber of volcanic mountains, so many boiUng springs,
or such immense tracts of lava. Mount Hekla ia
the principal volcano. It ia 6,000 feet high, and
has sometimes thrown out stones and lava to the
distance of 150 miles. There have been 16 great
eruptiona ; but with one exception, (October
1818,) it has been quiet since the middle of
last century. The spouting springs are on the
west side of the island, 16 m. N. of Skalholt
They throw into the air great jets of boiling wa
ter, accompanied with a noise Uke Uie firing of
cannon. The height of the jets ia commonly from
90 to 100 feet ; but it ia said sometimes to exceed
200. The exports are fish of all kinds, oU,:taUow,
butter, wool, worsted stockings, do'wn, ainl feath
ers; also the skins of aheep, foxes, and other ani
mals. Tlie food of the Icelanders consists almost
entirely ot fish. Their manners are exceedingly
simple ; and they display a strong attachment to
their native land, which, in their estimate, is the
finest of the worto of God. They are grave, and

I G N
in general religious. Their language is the Goth
ic, and haa been preserved with little change,
while Swedish and Daniah, derived from the aame
aource, have undergone great modifications.
There are few countries where a greater propor
tion of the inhabitanta are accustomed to read,
than in Iceland. Their atock of hooka ia not large,
but they lend to each other, and frequentiy copy
what they borrow. A distressing scarcity of Bi
bles that prevailed throughout the ialand, was re
lieved by a liberal distribution from Britain, in
1815 : the version waa in the Icelandic, and 'was
received with the greateat thankfulness by the
poor natives. In the dark agea, when continental
Europe was immersed in such ignorance, the Ice
landers attained a high degree of literary improve
ment : they cultivated poetry with auccess, and
their historical writings are atill considered araong
the moat authentic documents for the antiquities
ofthe north. The religion of Iceland is the Lu
theran. The number of churches exceeds 300.
Icalmkill. See lona.
leonium, in Sac. Geog. a city of Asia Minor, be
longing at different periods to Phrygia, Lycaonia,
Piaidia, and Cflicia. Ita raodern name ia Konieh.
Icononzo, a very singular pass in S. America, on
the road from Popayan to Santa Fe.
Icy Bay, bay on the N. W. coast of America.
Lat. 59° 5ff N.
Icy Cape, cape on the N. W. coast of Araerica,
in the Frozen aea. Lon. 198° 2ff E. Lat 70° 2ff N.
Idonho a Velha, t Portugal, in Beira, 22 m.
S. S, W, Alfayatea, Lon. 6° 48' W. Lat 39° 6ff N,
Idle, r. Eng, in Nottinghamshire, which falla
into the Trent a few milea before its conflux with
the Ouse,
Idones. See Llanes.
Idra, or Idrio. See Hydra.
Idria, t. Auatrian empire, in the new kingdom
of lUyria, in the circle of Adelsberg, remarkable
for its mines, particularly those of quicksilver.
The annual produce of the mines is about 360,000
Iba , of metal, of wliich nearly half ia mercury, 28
m, W, Laybach, 32 N, N, E, Trieste, Lou, 14°
e E. Lat 46° N, Pop, 3,600,
Idstein, t. Germany, in Nassau, suid the resi
dence of the duke, 16 m, N, Mentz, 27 S. W,
Wetzlar. Lon. 8° 12' E. Lat. 60° 12' N. Pop.
2,000. IfamaXl isl. France, -with a strong castie. 3 ra.
S. S. W.Marseilles.
Igel, or Aigk, v. Prussian province ofthe Low
er Rhine, at the confluence of the MoseUe and
Sarre, 6 m. S. W. Treves,
Igg, t. Lower Carinthia, on the river Igg, 6 m,
S, by W, Laybach.
Igiguinsk, or Igunskai^smaM circle of A, Russia,
in Irkutsk, on agulf of the sarae name, connected
with the aea of Ochotak.
Igla, or Iglowo, smaU r, Moravia, which falls
into the Theya, uear Unterwiatemitz,
Iglau, t Moravia, near the river Igla, and cap,
of the circle of Iglau. Here are extensive man
ufactures of woollens. The trade in corii, hops,
and hemp, is also considerable, 62 m. S, E. Prague,
122 S, E, Dreaden. Lon. 16° 36' E. Lat, 49° 2ff
N. Pop, 11,000,
Iglesias, t, Sardinia, on a small bay, 34 m, W,
Ca-Uari, Lon, 9° E, Lat 39° 15' N, Pop. 6,000,
Igk, or Neudarf, t, Hungary, in Zips, on the
Hernalt, 6 m. S, Leutachau. Lon, 20° 34' 45" E,
Lat, 48° Sff SO" N, Pop, 6,300,
Ignace, Point, cape, on the N, side of the atrait

ILL

335

between lake Huron and lake Michigan, about 8
m, W, of Mackinaw,
Igrande, t. France, in AUier, 6 m, S, W, Bour
bon I' Archambaut, Pop. 1,700,
Iguala, t. Mexico, 105 m, S, E, Mexico,
Igualada, t Spain, in Catalonia, on the Noya,
26 m. E. by S, Cervera, 34 W, N, W, Barcelona,
Igualapa, t. Mexico, 170 ra. S, S, E. Mexico.
Lon. 98° 4ff W. Lat, 16° Sff 30" N,
Iguatimy, r. BrazU, which falls into the Parana
a UtUe above the falls, in lat, 23° 47' S,
Iguatu, r, Brazil, in Matto Grosso, which falls
into the Paraguay after it passes through lake
Xarayes, Iguereula, t, Spain, in Murcia, 69 m, N. Mur
cia, Lat38°4ffN, Lon,l°7'W, Pop, 2,100.
Ihna, Great, r. Prussia, which forraa the boun
dary between tiie New Mark of Brandenburg
and Pomerania, passes by Stargard, and falls into
the Frische Haf, 9 m. below Damme.
Ikeby, t India, in Myaore. Lon. 76° T E. Lat,
14° ff N,
Uo. See Islay.
Ilambo, province of Angola, in Africa,
Hans, or Hants, t. Swiss canton of the Grisons,
at the influx of the Glenner into the Rhine, 40 m,
S, E, Lucerne, Lon, 9° 10' E, Lat. 46° 4ff N,
Ikhester, or Ivelchester, borough, Eng. in Somer
set co, on the S, bnf.k of the Yeo, or Ivel, It re
turns 2 members to parUament. It is celebrated
as the birth-place of Roger Bacon, Pop.ih 1811,
610, , 122 or 124 ra, W, S. W, London, 43 N, N,
E, Exeter, Lon, 2° 41° W, Lat 61° N,
Ildinskai, Cape, on the E, coast of A, Russia.
Lon, 164° 14' E. Lat 69° 16' N,
Ile,L', t, France, on the Tame, 6 m, S, W.
Gaillac, Pop. 6,400.
Ile, L', sraall r. France, falla into the Dordogne
near Liboume.
Ile Adam, L', t. France, on the Oise, 8 m, N-
Versailles, lie Barbe, V, small isl, France, in Saone, 3 m.
N, Lyons,
Ile de Soins, sraall isl, France, S, W, of Brest,
Ik Dieu, L', t, France, on an island of the same
name, 19 m, S, Noirmoutier. Lon, 2° 19' 36'' W,
Lat. 46° 42' 26" N, Pop, 2,000,
Ik Jaurdain, L', t. France, on the Save, 7 m,
E, Auch, Lon, 1° ff E, Lat 43° 4ff N, Pop,
4,100. Ilefeld, t Hanover, in Gottingen. Its high
school is one of the most noted schools in the north
of Germany, 6 ra. N. Nordhausen,
He's miUs, p-v. Bath co. Ken,
Uford, 0reat, v. Eng, in Essex, 6'} ra, N. E, Lon
don, Pop, 2,462,
Ilfracombe, s-p, Eng, in Devonshire, at the mouth
of the Bristol channel, Ita harbor is the safest
and most comraodious on this coast. It carries on
a considerable trade, chiefly in ore, com, &c. from
Cornwall and Devonshire to Bristol, 10 m, N.
Barnstaple, 200 W, S. W, London, Lon, 4° 6' W.
Lat 51° Iff N, Pop, 1,934,
Ilhavo, t. Portugal, in Beira, 28 m, N, N, W,
Coimbra, Pop, 4,200,
lUieos, s-p, Brazil, and cap, of the province of
Hheos, at the raouth of Ilheos river, 93 ra, N, Porto
Seguro, Lon. 39° 42' N. Lat, 14° 34' S,
Ilim, r. A, Ruaaia, which falla into the Anguri.
Lon, 102° 2- E. Lat 67<? 26' N,
Ilinski, t. A, Ruasia, in Irkutsk, ou the Lena,
56 ra, N, E, Kirensk.
///, or Ell, r. France, which falls into the Rhine

336

I L L

near Strasburg. It is navigable for amaU vessels
from Colmar.
lUe, t. France, in Eastem Pyrenees, 10 m. W.
Perpignan. Pop. 2,000.
Ilk, small r. France, which falla into the Dor
dogne, near Liboume.
Ilk, amall r. France, which joina the Vilaine,
near Rennes : the two give name to the following
department, Uie and Vilaine, department, in the N. W, of
France, bordering on the EngUah channel. Ex
tent, 2,760 aquare railea. Pop, 608,000, Rennes
is the capital,
Iller, r, Gerraany, which risea in the raountaina
of the Tyrol, and falla into the Danube, near
Ulm, lUerlissen, t, Bavaria, on the Iller, 12 m, S, Ulm,
Pop, 1,100,
Illescas, t, Spain, 20 ra, S, S,W, Madrid, 17 N,
N, E, Toledo, Pop, 6,700,
Illiers, t France, on the Loir, 20 m, S, W,
Chartrea, Pop, 2,700, .
Illinois, r. is formed by the union of the Kan
kakee and the Deaplanes, in the N, W, part of In
diana, and traversing the State of Illinoia in a S,
W, direction nearly 400 miles, joins the Missia
aippi, in lat, 32° 18' N, 18 ra, above the raouth of
the Miaaouri, 1,168 above New Orleana, 1,400 fr,
Buffalo, N, Y, on lake Erie,. The river is 400
yards wide at its mouth. It has a gentle current,
unbroken by rapids, and is navigable for boats
throughout its course. The Desplanes, one of its
branchea, interlocks with the Chicago, a river
of lake Michigan, and a canal is in contemplation
to open a navigation between them,
Illinois, one of the U, S. bounded N. by the N,
W. territory ; E. by Indiana ; S, by Kentucky ;
and W, by Miasouri, It extends frora 87° 17' to
91° 5ff W. lon, ahd from lat 37° to 42° Sff N,
Extent, about 60,000 sq, mUes, or 32,000,000
acres. Pop, in 1810, 12,282; in 1818, 36,220;
and in 1820, 60,395. The atate ia bordered on
three sides by the great rivers Wabaah, Ohio, and
Misaiaaippi; ita N. E. corner touchea upon lake
Michigan, and it ia interaected by the Illinois and
Kaskaskia, which run from N. E. to S. W. into
the Miaaissippi. The setUements at preaent are
principally confined to the franks of the Missis
sippi, the Kaskaskia and its branchea, and there
are a few on the Wabash and the Ohio. The
northern and central parts of the state have been
very imperfecUy explored. In 1817, there were
in lUinois upwards of 16,000,000 acres of land be
longing to the United States, obtained by pur
chase from the Indians. The portion of these
lands lying between the Illinois and the Missia
aippi, has been aaaigned by Congreas as bounty
lands to the soldiers who enlisted during the late
war. The whole amount surveyed is about
5,530,000 acres, equal to 8,640 sq. railes, and is
divided into 240 townships. This land ia repre
sented to be of an exceUent quality.
The greater part of the atate ia either flat or
I'oUing. Extenaive prairiea constitute two-thirds
of its surface. The aoU.raay be divided into
aixclaases, 1. Bottoms, bearing a heavy growth
of timber. Thia land ia of the first quality, and is
found on aU the principal rivera. It varies in
width from 50 rods to 2 mUes, and is of inexhaust
ible fertility. 2. Newly formed land found at the
mouths of rivers. There are many thousand
acre? of thi" Imd at tho mouth of the Wabash,

ILL,
and at the confluence of the Ohio with the Mis
aisaippi. It is annually inundated, and is very
unhealthy. .3. Dry prairies, approaching; the
rivers and bordering on the bottom lan^ but
elevated from 30 to 100 feet. The prairies ofthe
Illinois river are the most extensive of any east of
the Miaaissippi, and have alone been estimated at
1,200,000 acres. This soil is not inferior to the
first rate river bottoms. 4. Wet prairie, found re
mote frora rivera, or at their aources. The aoil is
generally cold and barren, abounding with swamps
and ponds, and covered with a tall coarse grass.
5. Tirabered land, raoderately hilly, well water
ed, and of a rich soil. 6. Hills, of a sterile soil,
and destitute of timber, or covered with stinted
oaks and pines. — Com is at preaent the staple pro
duction. Wheat doea well, except on the bot
toms, where' the soil is too rich. Tobacco grows
to great perfection. Flax, hemp, oata, Irish and
aweet potatoes, do as weU as in Kentucky. Among
the minerals are iron, coal, and copper. Salt
springs also arc numerous.
Illinois was admitted into the Union in 1818,
At the time of its admiaaion, the government of
the U, S. granted to the State on certain condi
tions, one section or thirty-aixUi part of every
townahip for the support of schools ; and three per
cent, of the net proceeds of the U, S, lands, lying
within the State, for the encouragement of learn
ing, of which one-sixth part must be exclusively
bestowed on a coUege or university. As a farther
provision for the university, two entire townahipa
have been given to the legislature. Two per cent
of the proceeda of the U. S. lands are also to be
expended under the direction of Congress, in
making roads leading to the State. As the condi
tion of these grants, the convention which formed
the constitution of the State, provided by an ordi
nance, which is irrevocable without the consent
of Uie U. S, that aU lands sold by the U. S. shaU
be exempt from taxation for five years from the
day of sale ; also, that the bounty lands granted
for military services, during the late -war, ahaU, if
they continue to be held by the patentees, or their
heirs, remain exempt from taxes for three years
from the date of the patenta ; and that the lands
belonging to the citizens of the U. S. residing
without the State, shall never be taxed higher
than lands belonging to persona reaiding therein.
The oonatitution provides Uiat no more slaves shaU
be introduced into the State, The seat of govern-.
ment, for the present, is at Kaskaslda.
A canal has been projected to unite the head
waters of the Illinois witii lake Michigan, The
Illinoia, and tile Chicago, a soutiiern river of lake
Michig.in, ai-e so connected, that iu freshets boata
pasa readily from one to the other. See Desplanes.
For the improvement of this navigation, the gov
ernment of the U, S, have appropriated 100,000
acres of land. This canal will open, probably at
leaa cxpenae than any other, a communication be
tween the great lalces and the Mississippi ; but as
vessels, in reaching it, must paaa through the straits
of ilichilimackinac, it ia probable that aome other
canal, connecting laike Erie more directiy with the
Miaaissippi, will be first completed,
Illinois lake. See Pioria.
Illogan, parish, Eng, in Cornwall, 3 m, N, W,
Redruth, Pop, 1,248,
Illok, t. Austrian erapire, on the Danube, 60 m.
W, N, W, Belgrade, Lon. 18° ff E, Lat 45"'
23' N.

1 M O
n^ria, counti-y, in the S, of Europe, bordering
on the Adriatic, the extent of which haa varied
very considerably in different agea. Since 1816,
the name. Kingdom of Illyria, has been applied to
a new division of the Ausfrian empire, coraposed
of the former territories of Carinthia, Carniola,
the vicinity of Trieate, Auatrian Friule, the can
ton of Cividal, Venetian Istria, a part of Croatia,
and several islands in the gulf of Quarnero, It
Ues between 13° 14' and 16° E. lon. and 44° 30'
and 46° 25' N. lat aud is divided into the two
governments of Laybach and Trieste, the former
inland, the latter maritirae. The govemment of
Trieste is subdivided into the circles of Trieate,
Karlstadt, Goritz, and Fiume; the govemment
of Laybach into the circles of Laybach, Neustadt,
Adelsberg, Klagenfurt, and ViUach. Extent,
13,608 aq. milea. Pop, 1,060,492, See Carinthia
and Carniola.
lUyrvrum, in Sac, Geog. See Sclavonia.
Ilm, small r. Saxony, which faUs into the Saale
at Subza, 7 m. above Naumberg,
Ilm, t Germany, 14 ra, W, Rudalstadt, 17 S. E,
Erfurt Pop, 1,500,
lime, r. Hanover, which falls into the Leine, 4
m, S. E, Eimbeck,
Ilmen, called by the Russians Osero-Ilmen, lake,
Ruasia, in Novgorod, about 48 miles long, and
from 12 to 18 wide. It coraraunicates with lake
Lagoda, Ilmenau, t. Gerraany, in Saxe Weiraar, on the
Inne, 10 m. E, Sohmalcalden, Pop, 2,000,
Ilmenau, or Aue, r. Hanover, which falla into
the Elbe, 12 m. S, E, Hamburgh,
Ilminster, t Eng. in Somerset co. on the lie, 32
m. N. N. E. Exeter, 12 S. E. Taunton, 135 W. S.
W. London. Lon. 2° 54' W. Lat. 50° 56' N.
Pop. 2,160.
Ilmstadt, t Germany, in Thuringia, 11 m. W.
Rudolstadt, 8 E. S. E. Amstadt.
Uo, port of Peru, in lat 17° 35' S.
Ilovla, r. Russia, which falls into the Don| at fort
Donskaia in the Cossack country.
Ikenburg, t Prussian Saxony, on the lis, 4 ra.
W, Wemigerode,
Ikt, or Ylst, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, 14 m,
S. W. Leeuwarden, 58 N. E. Arasterdam. Lon.
5°' 35' E. Lat 53° 3' N.
Ilsstadt, t. Bavaria, at the confluence of the
Danube and the lis, opposite Passau. Lon, 13° 29'
45" E, Lat 48° 35'N.
Imbras, isl. of the Archipelago, about 20 miles
in circumference. Lon. 25° 46' E. Lat 40° 10' N.
It has 6 viUages^ and about 10,000 inhabitants.
In^sl, or Uimst, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol,
near the Inn, 9 m. S. S, E. Reutten, Lon, 10° 43'
E. Lat 47° 14' N, Pop, 2,200,
Imiretta, country, Asia, north of Persia, It
afretches afong the southern limit of Caucasua, hav
ing the Black sea on the W. and Georgia on the
E. and Ues between 43° and 44° N. lat In 1784,
it acknowledged the supremacy of Russia ; but
the internal government is in a great measure in
dependent. The capital is Cotatis, on the Phasis,
Immenhousen, t. Germany, in the electorate
of Heaae, 7 m. N, Caaael, Pop, 1,250.
Immenstadt, t. Bavaria, 13 ra, S, by W, Kerap-
ten, Imola, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, on a
small island formed by the Santemo. It is sur
rounded with walls, towers, and ditches, and de
fended by a strong castle. It is the aee of a bishop.
In February, 1797, an action was fought in thia
43

IND

337

neighbourhood between the Ausfrians and the
French, in which the former were defeated, 18 m,
S. E, Bologna, 40 N, N, E, Florence, Lon, 11° 32r
E. Lat, 44° 22' N. Pop, 8,400,
Imperial, city. Chili, on the river Catuen, 4 ra,
from the Pacific ocean, 112 m, S, La Conception.
Lat 38° 42' S,
Imst. See Imbst.
Imuncina, r, Paraguay, which enters the Para
na in lat, 12° 40' S,
Inacondo, t. India, in the Carnatic, Lon, 79°
34' E, Lat. 16° 1' N,
Ince, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 14 ra, E, Wigan,
Pop, 1,065,
Incenada de Barragan, t, S. Araerica, on th^
Barragan, at its union with the Plata, 21 ra. W.
Buenos Ayres.
Inch, isl. Ireland, 6 m. N. W. Londonderry.
Inch, or Insch, v. Scotiand, in Aberdeenshire,
26 ra. fr. Aberdeen.
Inch-Calm, or Columba, (an. Amonio,) smaU
isl. Scotland, in the frith of Forth. On it are the
remains of a celebrated abbey. It is now fortifi
ed. 2 m. fr. Aberdour. Lon. 3° Iff W. Lat 66°
3' N.
Inch-Garvie, small isl. Scotland, iu the frith of
Forth, opposite Queensferry.
Inch-Keith, small isl. Scotland, in the frith of
Forth. Lon. 3° 9' W, Lat, 56° ff N.
Inch-Momoch, isl. Scotland, in the frith of
Clyde, a few milea S. W. of Bute.
Inch-Point, cape, Ireland, in Kerry, 13 m- E.
Dingle. Inchture, v. Scotland, in Perthahire, 13 m. fr.
Dundee. Inchyra, v. Scotiand, in Perthahire, on the river
Tay, 8 m. below Perth.
Incisa, t. Piedmont, 8 m, N, Acqui, 14 S, E, Asti,
Incisa, t. Tuscany, on the Arno, 13 m, S, E,
Florence, Indal, r. Sweden, which falls into the gulf of
Bothnia at Sundswal.
Indal, t Sweden, in Medelpad, 16 m, W, N, W.
Sundawal, Independence, t. Sussex co, N, J, Pop, 1,224,
Independence, t. Cuyahoga co, Ohio,
Independence, t and cap. Bond co. Illinoia, on
Kaskaskia river.
Inderabio, small, isl. near the mouth ofthe Per
sian gulf. Lat26?4ffN.
India, or East Indies, the narae given to the re
gion of Asia„lying S. of Tartary, and between Per
sia and China, with the islands dependent thereon.
Besides Hindostan, it contains the Birraan erapire,
the kingddhis of Siara, Cochin China, Tunquin,
Tibet, Japan, Ceylon, aud a number of small prin
cipalities. Indiana, co. in the W. part of Pa. Pop. 6,214.
Indiana, p-t. and cap. Indiana co. Pa. 26 ra, S,
E, Kittaning, Pop, 200.
Indiana, t Alleghany co. Pa, Pop, 692,
Indiana, one ofthe U, S, bounded N. by Michi
gan Territory ; E, by Ohio ; S. by Kentucky ; and
W, by lUinois, It Ues between lat, 37° 45' and
41° 50' N, and between lon. 84° 42' and 87° 4ff
W. Its greatest length from N. to S. is 287 miles,
and its breadth is 156, Extent, 38,000 sq, miles.
Pop. in 1800,2,500; in 1810, 24,520; in 1815,
68,784, exclusive of Indians. The Ohio forms the
southern boundary of the State, Lake Michigan
touchea it upon the north. The northern part of
the State is watered by the Illinois, and the rivers
which flow into lake Michigan : but the Waha«h

338

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is the great river of Indiana ; it receives the 'wa,-
ters from two-thirds of its surface. White river,
the principal tributary of the Wabaah, ia formed
by two branchea, whichspread out widely through
the whole southern half ofthe State. White wa
ter river in the S. E. ia a tributary ofthe Miami. —
The white population in 1815 waa confined to the
southern part of the State, and almost entirely to
the countiea bordering directly on the Wabash,
the Ohio, and the White water. The northern
half is occupied by Indiana, and has been very im
perfectly explored. A ridge of hilla commences
near the mouth of the Wabash, and runa in a N.
E. direction nearly parallel with the Ohio, at no
great diatance, producing a broken and uneven
country. North of theae hiUa lie the flat woods,
70 railea wide. Bordering on all the principal
streams, except the Ohio, there are strips of bot
tom and prairie land, ofa rich soU, usually from 3
to 6 milea in width. The prairies on the Wabaah
are the fineat land in the State. Remote frora the
rivers the country is broken, and the soil Ught.
Between the Wabash and lake Michigan, the land
is raostly level, and interspersed with woodlands,
prairiea, lakes and swamps.
The principal productiona are wheat, Indian
Corn, oats, rye, flax, herap, potatoes, and tobacco.
In the vicinity of Vevay, the vine is cultivated
with success. On the banks of the Wabash, in
the upper part of its courae, the best kind of coal
is found in inexhaustible quantities ; and near the
sources of several of the navigable rivers, there
are salt springs, from which salt in abundance
may be procured. Near Corydon is a large cave,
abounding with Epsom aalta and aalt petre.
A majority ofthe people of Indiana are from
Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and the Caroli-
nas ; the remainder are from every other State in
the Union ; and from almost every nation in Eu
rope. The Indian title to large portiona of fine
land haa been recently purchased by the U. S.
and the number of iraraigranta ia, in conaequence,
rapidly increasing. Indiana was admitted into
the Union in 1816. In the act of admission, Con
gress granted one section, or one-thirty-sixth part
of each townahip, for the support of achoola. One
entire township, or 23,040 acres, said to be worth
on an average, 10 dollars an acre, was also given
for the aupport of a college. The college ia loca
ted at Vincennes, and a large brick building ia al
ready erected. 1'he State is highly favored in
regard to inland navigation. The Wabash ia
beatable to its source, and thia ia within a few
milea of the boatable watera ofthe Maumee, which
falla into lake Erie. A canal might easily be
made to connect them, and Congress have already
assigned 100,000 acres of land for defraying the
expense of this project. Corydon is the seat of
govemment, Vincennes ia the largest town,
Indian creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Mi
ami from the west, in Butler county.
Indian creek, r, Indiana, which rans into the
Ohio 8 m, below the mouth of Kentucky river,
Indian Head, cape on the E. coast of New Hol
land, Lon. 123° 56' E. Lat, 25° 3' S,
Indian Island, ial, of Duaky bay. New Zealand,
4 m. N, Pickersgil harbour,
Indian old town, isl, and t Penobscot co, Maine,
in Penobscot river, just above the Great FaUs.
Here are about 100 famUies of Indians, the re-
raain.sof the Penobscot tribe, with aRomaji Cith-
olic church and priest
Indian Reserration. See Ohi».

Indian river, sraall arm of the sea, Washington
CO, Maine, setting up between Addison and Jones-
borough, '
Indian river, N- H, one of the sources of Con
necticut river. It unites with Leach river in lat,
4S° N, after a course of about 30 miles,
Indian river, N, Y, which rises in Lewis co.
and after a course of 100 miles, joins the Oswe
gatchie 7 m, above ita entrance into the river St
Lawrence, Indian river, r. Sussex co, Del, Its mouth ia in
lat 38° Iff N, 114 m, S, Cape Henlopen,
Indian river, hundred, Sussex co. Del,
Indian river, r, on the E. coast of Florida, It rises
near the coast, and flowing S. enters the sea in lon.
80°4ffW,lat27° SffN,
Indians, a name given to the Aborigines of
America. They are divided into numerous inde
pendent tribes, strongly resembUng each other in
mannera and customs. They subsist by hunting
and fishing. See the Appendix.
Indian Sound, bay on the S. coast of Patagonia,
communicating with the Straits erf Magellan.
Indian town, v. Dorchester co. Md. on the S,
side ofthe Choptank, 3 m. S, W, New Market
Indian town, p-v. Currituck co, N, C, 61 m, fr,
Norfolk Va, 59 E, N. E. Edenton,
Indian town, p-v, Williamsburg co. S. C.
Indian Wheeling, r, Ohio, which runs into the
Ohio opposite Wheeling, Va.
Indies, East. See India.
Indies, West. See West Indies.
Indigirka, r. A. Russia, which falla into the Fro
zen ocean, in lon. 144° E. lat 73" N.
Indore, city. Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 76° IO"
E. Lat22°5rN.
Indus, River, alao caUed the Nilab and Sinde,
great river, Aaia, which rises in the Himaleh
mountains, and after a course of 1,350 miles, feilla
into the Indian aea, by many mouths, between lat
23° 20' and 24° 4ff N.
Indighur, district. Hind, in Malwah.
Indrapour, district ofthe island of Sumatra, be
tween 2° and 3° S. lat
Indre, r. France, which falls into the Loire be
tween Saumur and Tours.
Indre, department, France, bounded by the de
partments of the Loir-and-Cher, Creuse, Upper
Vienne, Vienne, and Indre-and-Loire. Extent,
2,860 square milea. Pop. 206,000.
Indre-ond-Loire, department, France, bounded
by Uie departments of the Loir-and-Cher, the In
dre, the Vienne, and Uie Maine. Tours is the
capital. Pop. 275,000.
Industry, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, 13 m. W.
Norridgewock. Pop. 562.
Inch-boUn. See Aine-boli.
Infantes, ViUa Nuera de los, t, Spain, in New
Castile, 20 m. W. Alcaraz, Pop, 6,000,
Infectionado, v, Brazil, in Rio Grande, about 46
m, from ViUa Rica, Pop, 1,500,
Infreschi, Cape, in the bay of Naples. Lon, 15°
28° E. Lat, 39° Sff N,
Ingamess Bay, on the N, E, coast of the island of
Poraona, ScoUand, Lon, 2° 44' W. Lat 68° 51' N.
Ingamachoix Bay, bay on the W. coast of New
foundland, 5 m. S, Point Rich.
Ingotestone, t. Eng. in Easex, 23 m. N. E. Lon
dou, Ingelfingen, t Wirtemburg, on the Kocher, 43
m, N. N. E. Stutgard.
Ingelheim, Ober, t Hesse-Darmstadt, on the
Selz, 9 m. E. Bingen.

I N I

I N V

339

higelmunster, t Netherlands, in West Flanders,
on the Mandelbeeke, 6 m, N, Courtray, Pop,
4,900, Ingeram, t India, in the nortiiern circars. Lon,
82° 26' E, Lat, 16° 46' N,
Ingeram, araall isl, in the straits of Malacca,
Lon. 101° 2ff E. Lat 3° 15' N,
Ingersheim, t. France, in Upper Rhine, 3 m. W,
Colmar, Ingersoll's store, p-v, Seneca co. N, Y,
Inglemare, or Cape Wyck, c-ape on the N, coast
of France, W, of Cape Barfleur,
Inglesville, p-v. Montgomery co, Va,
Ingkton, V. Eng, in Yorksliire, 18 m, N, E, Lan
caster, Pop, 1,268,
IngUs Island, long isl. on the N. coaat of New
HoUand, near the enfrance into the gulf of Car
pentaria. Ingoda, r. A, Russia, which runs into the Araul,
28 m, W, Nertschinsk,
Ingolstadt, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, one of
the strongest placea in Gerraany, A univeraity
was founded here in 1472, and continued tiU 1800,
wheu it was transferred to Landshut 36 ra, S, W,
Ratisbon, 43 N, Munich. Lon, 11° 25' E, Lat
48° 45' N, Pop, 4,817,
Ingauvilk, t France, in Lower Seine, 2 m. N,
Havre, Pop. 4,200.
Ingraham's isles, islands in the Pacific, about 40
leagues N. N. W. Marquesas Islands. Lon. 140°
Iff to 141° 18' W. Lat Lat 8° 3' to 9° 24' S.
Ingraham' sport, harbour, in Washington island,
on the N. W. coast oCAmerica, Lon, 183° 18' W,
Lat 53° 37' N.
Ingrande, t. France, on the Loire, 16 ra. W. S.
W. Angers. Pop, 1,600.
Ingre, t France, in Loire, 3 ra, N, W. Orleans,
Pop, 2,900,
Ingrowitz, t Moravia, 30 m, W, NjW, Brunn,
Pop, 1,050,
Ingweiler, t France, 21 m, N- N, W, Sfrasburg,
Pop, 1,500,
Inhambane, country of E. Africa, S- of Sabia
and Sofala. The Portuguese keep a fort here,
Lat, 23° 15' S,
Inia, r. Siberia, which falls into the Lena, Lat,
55° 20' N,
Injambi. See T\ete.
Injellee. See Hijeliee.
Iniesttt, t Spain, in New Castile, 61 m. S. by E,
Cuenca, 73 W, Valencia,
Inirita, r. New Grenada, -which falls into the
Guaviari. Lon. 68° 20' W, Lat 4° N.
Inisbeg, two ialanda, Ireland, one in lon. 8° 2?
W, Lat, 56° 12' N, ; the other iu lon, 10° 22' W,
lat 52° 7' N,
Inis Boffin, ial, near the W. coast of Ireland,
Lon. 8° 2' W. Lat 55° Iff N.
Inisdrisra, isl. Ireland, in Roaring-water bav.
Lon, 9° 23' W. Lat 5 1° 27' N.
Inisfre, isl. near the W, coast of Ireland, Lat.
54° 57' N,
Inisglora, isl. Ireland, Lon, 9° 57' W, Lat 54°
13' N.
Inisgoultt, isl, Ireland, Lon, 9° SO' W, Lat 53°
SffN, Inishae, isl, Ireland, Lon, 8° 7' W, Lat 53°
2ff N,
Inishark, isl, Ireland, Lon, 10° 14' W, Lat 53°
34' N,
Inisham, isl, Ireland, Lon, 9° 46' W, Lat 53°
37' N,
Inishegil, isL near the W, coast of Ireland, be

tween the island of Achil and the continent, Lat.
54° N,
Inisherkan, isl, Ireland, Lon, 9° 19' W, Lat, 51°
24' N,
Inishowen Head, cape on the N, coast of Ireland.
Lon, 6° 49' W. Lat, 55° 15' N,
Inishurin, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland,
Lon. 9° 59' W, lat. 53° Sff N.
Iniskea, North and South, two islands near the
W. coast of Ireland. Lon, 10° W, Lat 64!? 9' N,
Iniskeel, isl, Ireland, at the mouth of Guibarra
rive r, Lon. 8° 20' W, Lat 54° 6 1' N,
Inistioghe, t. Ireland, ou the Nore, 13 m. S. W.
KUkenny, Inkermann, t, Eu, Russia, on the S, W, coast of
the Criraea, near the ruins of the ancient Eupato
ria. Inn, r, Germany, which rises in the Swiss can
ton of the Grisons, and after a N. E. course of
more than 250 miles, joins the Danube, at Passau,
Innerkip, v. Scotland, in Renfrewshire, on the
frith of Clyde, 6 m, W. Greenock.
Innerleithen, v. Scotland, on the N. bank of the
Tweed, 5 ra. E, Peebles,
Innerste, r. Hanover, which joins the Leine at
Saratede, Inniskerry, ial, near the W, coaat of Ireland,
Lon, 9° 27' W, Lat 52° 47' N,
Innspruck, or Inspruck, capital of the Tyrol, at
the confluence of the SiU and the Inn, with a
beautiful bridge over the latter river. It has long
been the aeat of the high courts of justice ; also
the place of meeting for the provincial deputies or
atates. A university was founded here in 1672,
but afterwards auppreaaed ; and its place is now
supplied by a lyceum or academy, a medicai
school, and another establishment called the gen
eral seminary for Tyrol. 62 m. S. Munich, 84
W, S, W, Salzburg, Lon. 1 1° 2ff E, Lat, 47° 16'
N, Pop, 10,240, -
Innthal. See Innspruck.
Innthal. See Engadine.
Innviertel, (i. e. the Quarter of the Inn,) a large
district. Lower Austria, consisting of the territory
lying between the Danube, the Inn, and the Sal
za. The chief towns are Braunau and Scharding,
Inny cotta, t Hind, in Berar, on Wurda river.
Lop. 79° Iff E. Lat. 20° 36' N.
Innowracklaw, t. Prussian Poland, in Bromberg,
106 ra. S. Dantzic. Lon. 18° Sff E, Lat 62° 35'
N, Pop. 2,700.
Insara, t. Eu. Russia, in Penza, at the confluence
of the Istra and the Insarra, 278 m. E. S. E, Mos
cow. Lon.d4°2fflff E.Lat.53°4ffN. Pop, 3,000.
Insterburg, t. E, Prussia', in Gurabinnen, on the
Angerap, 50 ra, E, Konigaberg, Lon, 21° 48' 40"
E, Lat, 54° 37' 40" N, Pop, 5,300.
Interior parish, p-v, Lafourche co. Louisiana.
Interlachen, v. Switzerland, 32 ra. S. E. Bern.
Intra, t. Italy, in Piedraont, ou the Lago Mag
giore, 30 ra. N. Novara. Pop, 4,500.
Inver, or Invar, v. Scotland, in Perth, at the
confluence ofthe Bran with the Tay,
Inveraray, royal burgh, Scotiand, and cap. of
the county of ArgyU, on a small bay, 8 miles from
the head of Loch Fyne, where (he river Aray falls
into it. The chief aupport of the place is the her
ring fishery, which is carried on to the extent of
40,000 /. per annum. Pop, in 1811, 1,134, Lon,
5° W, Lat 66° 2ff N.
Inverbervie. See Bervie.
Invergordon, v. Scotland, in Ross, on the frith of
Cromarty, opposite the town of Cromarty,

340

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I P S

Invergowrie, v. Scotland, on the banks of the
¦ray, 2 m, W, Dundee,
Inverkeithing, royal burgh and s-p, Scotland, in
Fife CO, on the N. coast of the frith of Forth, Be
fore the entrance of the harbour is the bay of In
verkeithing, affording safe anchorage to veaaela of
any burden in all winda. The exportation of coal
is the chief employment of the vessela, 25,000
tons being shipped annually, 13 ra, N, W, Edin
burgh, Pop, 1,500,
Inverness-shire, one of the largeat countiea in
Scotland, bounded N. by Ross-shire, and part of
the Moray frith, E. by the counties of Nairn, Mo
ray, and Aberdeen, S.by Perth and ArgyU, and
W. by the Atiantic ocean. Several of the He
brides also are attached to the county. These
are Harris, North and South Uiat, Benbecula,
Sky, Barra, Eigg, and sorae amaller islets. The
surface of this county is extremely rugged and
uneven, consisting of vast ranges of mountains,
separated from each other by narrow and deep
vsJlies. It abounds with oak and fir timber. Pop.
in 1811,78,336.
Inverness, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap. of
Inverness co. ia on both sides of the river Ness, at
ita entrance into the Moray frith. Within the last
40 years, tliis town has been rapidly improving.
From its geographical position, it ia well calcula
ted to be the emporium for all the northem coun
ties. In 1791, the population was 5,107 ; in 1801,
8,742; in 1811, 11,383 ; and in 1819, U raay be
estimated at 14,000. The principal raanufactures
are of herap and flax. The harbour is safe and
comraodious, allowing veaaela of 600 tons to unload
at the quay, and vessels of any size can safely ride
in the frith, within a raile of the town. 194 ra.
S. S. W. Cromarty, 38 W. Elgin, 118 W. N. W.
Aberdeen, 156 N. N. W. Edinburgh. Lon. 4° 5'
W. Lat, 57° Sff 5" N,
Inverness, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 48
m. S, Quebec.
Inverness, New. See Darien, Geo,
Inversnaid, fort, Scotiand, in Stirlingahire, 18
m. N, Dumbiane.
Inverugie, v. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, on the
Ugie, where that river falls into the ocean.
Inverury, an ancient royal burgh, in Aberdeen
CO. on the point of land forraed by the confluence
of the Don and Ury, 16 ra, N, W, Aberdeen, 20
S, E. Huntly.
Investigator's Group, sraall islands on the S,
coast of New HoUand, comprising 'VValdegrave's,
Top-Gallant, Pearson's, Ward's, and Flinder'a
islands. Investigator's Strait, the strait between Kanga
roo's island and the S. coast of New Holland.
lona, Icalmkill, or I-columb-kill, one ofthe west
ern islanda of Scotland, in the Atlantic ocean, sep
arated from the Western point of Mull by a nar
row channel, called the Sound of /. It is called by
Bede, in hia hiatory, Hii ; but the proper name ia
/, aounded like ee in EngUsh. The island is about
24 miles long, and 1 broad. It is chiefly interes
ting for the ruins of its ancient establishraents, er
ected when it was tiie retreat of learning, while
western Europe lay buried in ignorance and bar-
baritj/. The religious edifices, of which the ruins
now only remain, were established about the year
665, by St, Columba, who left Ireland, his native
country, and established himself in thia island, to
preach Chriatianity to the Picta, After Christian
ity was thus diffused throughout the northern parts
of Scotland, thia island became a seat of learning

and of piety. In time, it rose to be the head ofthe
Cliristian church in Scotland, whither the young
princes of Scotland and Northumberland were
sent for instruction. The island is 36 milea dis
tant frora the raainland. Pop. in 1782, 277 ; in
1791, 323; and in 1808, 386,
Ionian Islands, soraetimes called the Republic of
the Seven Islands, a amall and recently constituted
republic in the S, E, of Europe, consisting of 7
principal islands, and a number of islets, extend
ing along the S, W, coaat of Greece, from 36° to
40° N, lat and from 19° SO' to 23° Iff E, lon.
The seven principal ialands are Corfu, Cephalo
nia, Zante, Santa Maura, Ithaca, or Thiaki, Ce
rigo, and Paxo, Extent, about 1,500 aq, miles.
Pop. by a return made in 1807, 206,000,— The
soU in Uie plains and vallies is very fertile. The
productions are com, vinea, olivea, currants^ cot
ton, honey, wax, &c, Vinea and olives form the
chief source of income to the inhabitants. The
importa are aalt fish, augar, and drugs ; also a Um
ited quantity of wooUen, Unen, and hardware. In
the arrangeraents raade at the congress of Vienna
in 1815, it was agreed that the Ionian republic
should be put under the protection of Great Brit
ain, A constitution for this smaU state was soon
after drawn up and ratified by the British govem
ment in July 1817, It vested the legislative pow
er in a senate of 29 representatives.
Iowa, T. Missouri "Territory, which runs into
the Mississippi, in lat 41° 5' N.
Iphofen, t Franconia, 15 m. S. S. E. Wurzburg.
Pop. 2,000.
Ipoly, r. Hungary, which runs into the Danube
near Gran,
Ips, t Lower Austria, near the confluence of
the Ipa and Danube, 48 m, W, Vienna. Pop, 900,
Ipsola, Cypsala, or Skipsilar, t Eu, Turkey, on
the Marizza, 20 m. from ita mouth. It is the see
ofa Greek archbiahop. 43 m. S. Adrianople, 130
W. Constantinople.
Ipsaro, or Ipseru, (an. Psyra,) isl. of the Ar
chipelago, 12 m. N, W, Scio. Lon. 26° 36' 30"
E. Lat 38° Sff N. Pop. about 16,000. It has
one small viUage, with a good port, and owns 100
sail of large ahips and polacrea, and from SOO to
500 amall craft. This ialand is tolerably produc
tive in wine and fruit, but the inhabitants depend
on their commerce for subsistence.--
Ipsuiich, t Eng, and cap, of Suffolk co, on the
N. bank of the Orwell, It is favourably aituated
for comraerce. Vesaels of any burden may navi
gate the Orwell to within 3 miles ofthe tovra, and
vessela of nearly 200 tons to the town itself. The
trade of the town ia considerable, chiefly in the
exportation of corn, great qnantities of wheat and
other grain being annually shipped for the Lon
don raarket. Malting is also carried on to aome
extent Ipawich aends 2 raembera to parliament.
Pop, 13,670, 18 m. N, E, Colchester, 12 N, W,
Harwich, 69 N. E, Loudon, Lon, 1° 9' E, Lat
62° 3' N,
Ipswich, r. Mass, which runs into the ocean at
Ipswich, oppoaite the S. end of Plum ialand.
Ipswich, the Agawam of the Indiana, p-t and
port of entry, Essex co. Mass, on Ipswich river,
12 ra, S, Newburyport, 12 N, E, Salem, 27 N, E.
Boston, Lat 42° 43' N, Pop, 3,568, Itcontaini
a handsome court-house, a raassy stone jail, and
6 housea for public worship, 4 for Congregation
alists, and 1 for Baptiafa. There is an excellent
stone bridge across Ipswich river, with 2 arches.
The supreme judicial court, and the court of

I R E

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341

common pleas are occasionally held in this town.
The amount of shipping in 1815, was 1,776 tons,
Iqueique, isl, near the coast of Peru. Lat, 20°
20' S,
Iquiari, r. Portuguese Guiana, which enters the
river Negro on the W, side, in lat, 0° 24' N,
Ira, p-t Rutiand CO, Vt, 32 m, W, N, W, Wind
sor. Pop, 519,
Iracoubo, r. Guiana, which rans into the Atlan
tic, Lon, 54° 27' W, Lat 5° Sff N,
Irancy, t France, in Yonne, 6 ra, S. S, E, Aux
erre, Irak, province, Persia, the raost extensive and
important of that empire. It ia bounded S, by
Fars and Khuzistan, E, by Khoraasan and the
Great Salt desert, W. by Kurdistan, and N, by
Azerbijan, Ghilan, and Mazanderan,
Irak Arabi, a name often appUed to the pachalic
of Bagdad, See Bagdad.
Irasburg, p-t, Orleans co, Vt. 40 m. N, Montpe
Uer. Pop. 393,
Irati, V. Spain, among the Pyreneea, E, of Ron-
cesvaUes. Here is a permanent depot of ship
timber, for account ofthe Spanish government
Irbersdorf. See Ehrenfriedrichsdorf.
Irbitskaia, t Russia, in Perm, on the river Irbit,
Pop, 3,400. It is an entrepot for Siberian furs, and
other Asiatic merchandize pasaing into Europe.
Near it is a large iron work, which yields 2000
tons of iron a year. 142 m, N. E, Ekaterinenburg,
Lou, 62° 6ff E, Lat. 57° 35' N,
Ireby, t. Eng, in Cumberland, 24 ra, N, Keswick,
IredeU, co, in the W. part of N, C, Pop,
10,972, Slavea, 2,432, Chieftown, StateaviUe,
Ireland, a large and fertile island of Europe, in
the Atlantic ocean, lying W, of Great Britain,
from which it is separated by the Iriah aea, or St.
George's channel. It lies between lon, 6° and
10° 40' W. aud lat 61° 16' and 55° Iff N, Ex-
lent, 32,201 aq, miles, or 20,437,974 EngUsh
acres, Ireland is divided into four great provin
ces, viz, Ulater, Leinater, Connaught; and Mun
ster, which are again divided into 32 counties,
containing 3,436 pariahes, — The face ofthe coun
try afforda a pleaaing variety of aurface. The
harbora are very numeroua : the principal are
Waterford and Cork on the S, ; Bantry and Din
gle 00 the S, W.; the eatuary of the Shannon,
and the vaat bay of Galway on the W, ; Lough
Swilly and Lough Foyle on the N, The climate
of Ireland is in general more temperate than the
cUmate of other countries in the same latitude.
It is more moiat than that of Great Britain, the
winda from the W, andS, W, are raore prevalent,
and the aeasons raore irregular. The soil is, gen
erally speaking, a fertUe loam, but remarkably
shallow, the rocks appearing on the surface, or at
no great depth, even in the moat flat and fertile
parta. The boga of Ireland form a very remark
able feature of the country. In 1809, coraraia-
sionera were appointed to inquire into the extent
of Irish boga, and whether it was practicable ei
ther to drain or cultivate them. In their reports,
they state the extent of theae bogs at 2,330,000
English acres. They are principally confined to
the province of Connaught, and a part of Lein
ster. This extensive tract resembles in its form a
broad belt drawn acroas the centre of Ireland,
with ita narroweat end nearest the capital, and
gradually extending in breadth as it approaches
the Western ocean. The commissioners were
convinced that it was perfectly practicable to
drain these immense toorasses, and convert thehi

to the purposes of tiUage. — The agriculture of
Ireland is rather in a backward state, though iu
many countiea improvementa begin to be adopted,
Oata are most extensively cultivated; they form
the principal food of the people, Ireland has
been long celebrated for the immense quantities
and excellent quality of potatoea which it produ
ces. The dairy husbandry is the most extensive
and the beat managed in Ireland. — The linen
manufacture is the staple branch of Irish indus
try. The cotton manufacture is spreading rapid
ly. The distillation of spirits has long been car
ried on to a great extent. The exporta are com,
hidea, butter, proviaions, linen, whiakey, &c. The
exporta from Ireland, for 1816, amounted to
6,703,799/,; the importa to 5,084,890/, The ex
ports for 1814, araounted to 7,139,435/, and the
iraports to 7,245,043/, The nuraber of vessels
belonging to Ireland, araounts to between 1, 100
and 1,200, navigated by between 5,000 and 6,000
sailors, men, and hoya. The revenue amounted,
in 1817, to 9,109,171/. ; the expenditure to
14,612,560/. ; and the debt to 141,441,180/, The
Irish peasantry are, in general, sunk ia poverty
aud ignorance. They are miserably ill lodged, in
a hovel of four mud waUa, with one entrajuce,
and frequently without either a window or a chira-
ney. Their food consists almost entirely of milk
and potatoes. Within a few yeara, however,
great efforts have been made by reUgious charita
ble aocietiea in Great Britain, to extend the blea-
sings of education and religious instruction to the
Irish people, and with very good success. — 'The
established religion is the Protestant, though the
great majority ofthe people are Catholics. With
in the last 50 years, Ireland haa rapidly increased
in population. In 1754, the number of inhabi
tants waa 2,372,634 ; in 1791, 4,206,612; and at
the preaent time, according to the best estimates,
it is more than 6,000,000.
Ireland, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
Pitt lake, 60 ra, S. Quebec,
Ireland, New, isl, in the Eastern aeaa, N. from
New Britain, 190 miles long, and very narrow,
between lon, 160° 30' and 153° 5' E, and lat 3°
40' and 5° S,
Ifi. See Eurotas.
Irigny, t France, on the Rhone, 6 m, S, Lyons,
Iriju, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atlantic,
Lon, 61° Sff W, Lat, 6° Sff N,
Irish Sea, that part of the Atiantic ocean
which washes the coasts of Great Britain and
Ireland, Irishtawr^ v. Ireland, in the bay of Dublin,
near the raouth of the Liffey,
Irissary, t. France, in Lower Pyreneea, lira.
S. W, St, Palais.
Irkoutsk, an extensive government, compre
hending all the eastem part of Siberia, or Asiatic
Ruaaia, It is divided into four districts, Irkoutsk
proper, Nertschink, Yakoutsk, and Okhotsk, and
is bounded E, by the Pacific ocean, N. by the
Frozen ocean, W, by Tobolsk, S. by vast chains
of raountains which separate itfrora Chineae Tar
tary, Extent, 3,927,754 sq. miles. Pop, 661,900.
A considerable proportion of the inhabitauts are
Russians and Cossacs. There are several Mongul
tribes iu the southern parts of this government.
Of the native people, the most numerous are the
Tunguses. Irkoutsk, city, capitalof the above government,
ia on the Angara. It ia the residence of the offi
cers of government, the station of a considerable

342

I S A

I S E

body of troops, and the aeat of an archbishoprick.
It possesses great coramercial importance, frora its
being the residence of many merchants engaged
in trade between Russia and China, Lon, 103°
30' E, Lat 52° 16' N, Pop, 1 1,202,
Irkut, r. Siberia, which faUs into the Angara,
opposite Irkoutsk,
Imis. See Giomico.
Irois Cape, the W, point of Hispaniola, 17 ra,
W, S, W, Cape Darae Marie,
Iron Island, sraall isl, near the coast of Siam,
Lon, 98° E, Lat 12° 35' N,
Irondequat, bay, N, Y, on lake Ontario, 44 m,
E, of the mouth of Genesee river. It is 7 miles
in extent frora N, to S.
Iron mountains, rats, of the U, S. which divide
Tennessee from N. Carolina.
Iran river, sraall r. N, W, Territory, which
runs into lake Superior, It ia about 80 yarda wide
at ita raouth,
Iroquois,' Paint, Michigan Territory, the W.
cape at the outiet of lake Superior,
Irrawaddy, properly Iravoti, the principal river
in the Bfrraan empire, which rises in the mountains
of Tibet, and entering the Birman erapire, pasaea
the citiea of Umrapoora and old Ava, In lat. 17°
SO' it divides into two branches, one of which
running S, W, passes the town of Persaira or Bas-
sien ; the other running S. E. passes Rangoon ;
but these branches again subdivide into raany
streams, and fall into the bay of Bengal, in about
lat 16° N.
Irrsumit, t East Greenland. Lon. 45° 36' W.
Lat 61° Iff N.
Irt, r. Eng. which falls into the Irish sea, near
Ravenglass. Irtetskoi, fort, Siberia, on the Ural, 88 m. W.
Orenburg. Irtysch, r. Russia, which rises in Independent
Tartary, and passing by Tobolsk^ joins the Oby,
200 ra. N. of that city.
Irueltt, t. Spain, in Jaen, 19 m. E. by N. Ubeda.
Pop. 2,200.
Irville, t. France, in Meuse, 9 m. N, Neufcha
teau, Irvilk, p-v. Muskingura co, Ohio, 12 m, N, W,
Zanesville. Irvine, or Irwine, a-p, and royal burgh, Scot
land, in Ayr co. onthe N.side of the Irvine, which,
about half a mile below, flows into the frith of
Clyde, The harbor is tolerably commodious, 25
m, S, W, Glasgow, 12 N, Ayr, Pop, 4,500,
Irvine, r. N, C, a western head water of the
Neuae, Irvine, Cape, high bluff, on the N. W, coast of
America, Lat. 54° 49' N,
Iran, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, about 1 m. fr, the
Bidassoa, 2 ra, S. Fontarabia.
Irwin, t Venango co. Pa. Pop. 357,
Irwinion, p-t, and cap, WUkinson co, Geo, 24
m, S, Milledgeville,
Is sur Tille, t France, in Cote d'Or, 23 m, N,
Dijon, Pop, 1,600,
Isabella, an islet in the Pacific ocean, aituated
onthe coaat ofthe intendancy of Guadalaxara, Lon,
106° 6ff W, Lat, 21° 5ff N.
Isabella, r, St Domingo, which joina the Ozaraa,
and falls into the sea, below the city of St, Do
mingo, Isabella, t, on the N, side of St, Domingo, N, lat,
19° 5ff 10", Thia is the port where Columbus
formed the first Spanish settlement on the island,
29 leagues E. by N, Cape Francois,

IsabeUa furnace, p-v, Shenandoah co, Va.
Isaczi, or Isaecia, t Eu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, oa
the Danube, 26 m, W, Ismail, Lon, 29° 9'X. Lat
45° IffN,
Isbeliburg, t Egypt, on the Mediterranean, 4 m,
S, Damietta, Isbellsville p-v. Christian co, Kentucky,
Isbice, t, Poland, in Masovia, 14 m, S. by W.
Brzesc Isca, t Netherlands, iu South Brabant, Ilm, N,-
Brussels, Iscampi, (an. Scampis) t Eu, Turkey, in Alba
nia, 9 m, S, Albanopolis,
Ischa, t Eu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, where the
river Ischa falla into the Danube,
Ischel, t Upper Austria, 27 ra, S, E, Salzbuig;
.Pop, 4,500,
Ischa, (an, Oenaria, or Pithecusa,) isl, in the
gulf of Naplea, 6 m. frora the coast. Extent, 25
sq, nules. Pop, 22,500. There is not perhapa in
Europe a more pleasant residence than thia small
island. Ischia, the capital, ia on a smaU bay on
the N. coast. Lon, 14° 15' E, Lat 40° 45' N. Pop»
3,100, Ischim, r, Siberia, which falls into the Irtysch,
Lon, 70° E, Lat 57° 45^ N.
Ischium, circle in the Siberian govemment of
the Tobolsk. Ischim, the capital, ia in lon. 69"
2ff E. lat 56° 3ff N.
Ischitella, t. Naples, in the Capitanata. Pop.
31,000. Ischara, t. Eu, Ruaaia, 26 m. S. E. Petersburg,
Ischua, p-t. Cataraugus co. (N. Y.) N. E. of
Olean. Iscovdar. See Scutari.
Isefiord, bay, Denmark, in Zealand. Lon. 11°
5ff E. Lat 55° 59' N.
Iseghem, t. Netherlanda, 20 m. S. Bruges.
Isen, t Bavaria, 22 ra. E. N. E. Munich, 22 &
Landshut Isenburg, or Upper Isenburg, principaUty in the
W. of Germany, consisting of several scattered
portions of territory on the borders of the county
of Hanau, and subject partly to Hesse-Cassel,
partiy to Hesse-Darmstadt. litent, 217 sq. mUea.
Pop. 47,500.
Isenburg, New, t in the preceding principality,
3 m. S, Frankfort on the Maine. Lon, 8° Sff E,
Lat 50° ff N.
Iseo, il Lago d'Iseo, lake, Italy, between Bres
cia and Bergamo,
Isei; or Gisera, r. Bohemia, which flows into the
Elbe at Alt Bunzlau,
Iser, or Isar, r. Bavaria, which joins the Dan
ube at Deekendorf
Iser, or Isar, circle, Bavaria, bounded parUy
by the Bavarian circles of the Regen and the Up
per Danube, partly by the Austrian states. Ex
tent, 5,900 sq, miles. Pop, 503,000, Munich is the
chief town,
Isere, i, France, which falls into the Rhone 3
m. above Valence, It is navigable from Gren
oble, Isere, department in the S, E, of France, inclos
ed by Savoy, and the French departraents of the
Upper Alps, tiie Drorae, and the Rhone, Extent,
3,440 sq, miles. Pop, 472,000, ofwhom only 7,000
are Protestants.
Iserlohn, t Prussian Westphalia, on the Baarcn,
41 ra, E, Duaaeldorf, Lon, 7° 4ff E, Lat, 51° 2ff
N, Pop, 4,400,
Isemia, t. Naples, 30 m, N, Capua, Lon, 14° It
E, Lat 41° Sff N, Pop, 5,000,

I S L
Isigny, t, France, in Calvados, at the mouth of
Uie Esques, 20 m, W, Bayeux, Lon, 1° W, Lat,
49° Iff N, Pop. 1,900,
Isis, r, Eng, the N, branch ofthe Thames, which
joins the main stream near Lechdale,
Isjum, or Isjum, t. Eu, Ruaaia, in Slobodsk-
Ukraine, on the river Donetz, 6 m, S, E, Charkov,
Pop,4,S0O, Isla. See Islay,
Isla, or 7/o, r, ScoUand, in Forfar, which faUa
into the Tay at Kinclaven. In thia river ia a per
pendicular faU of 70 or 80 feet, called the Rocky
Linn. Isla de la Gente Hermoga, or Island of Hand
some People, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon, 175°
Iff W, Lat 10° S,
Islamabad, t. Bengal, and cap, of Chittagong, on
the W, bank of the Currurapooly, 10 miles from
the sea. The Baptists have missionaries and
schools here. Lon, 91° 42' E, Lat. 22° 22' N, 230
ra, E, Calcutta,
Islamabad, t. Cashraeer, on the N, aide of the
river Jhylyur, Lon, 74° 7' E, Lat. 34° ff N,
Island creek, t. Jefferson co, Ohio, on Ohio riVer,
3 ra. above SteubenvUle.
Island, Magee, peninaula, Ireland, on the coast
ofthe North channel ofthe Irish sea, N, of Belfast
Lough. Islay, Bay or Ila, one ofthe Hebrides, or west
ern islands of Scotiand, lying S. W. of Jura. It is
31 m. long from N. to S. and 24 broad from E. to
W, It contains 154,000 acres, of which about
one-seventh is under cultivation. The great ar
ticle of exportation is black cattle. Pop. in 1801,
6,821 ; in 1811, 11,500. Its inhabitants are rap
idly increasing.
/»/e des Contrarietes, isl. in the Paciflc. Lon.
161° 34' E. Lat, 9° Sff S,
Isk aux Coudres, isl, and seigniory, Northura
berland CO, Lower Canada, in the river St, Law
rence, oppoaite St Paul bay,
Isk aux Noix, araaU isl. Lower Canada, in the
river Sorel, lira, from the frontier, 8 or 9 from
St. Johns, It is well fortified, and comraands the
intercourse by water, between lake Champlain
and the river St, Lawrence,
Isle aux Petites Bois, isl, Alabama, near the
mouth of Mobile bay, between Dauphin and Horn
islands. Isle de Vaches. See Cow Island.
Isle Jesus, isl, aud seigniory, Eflinghara co. Low
er Canada, lying in the river St, Lawrence, N,
W. ofthe island of Montreal, frora which it is sep
arated by a channel.
Isle of Orleans, isl, co, and seigniory. Lower
Canada, in the river St Lawrence, 4 ra, below
Quebec, Pop. 4,000.
Isle of Wight, Eng, See Wight, Isk of.
Isk of Wight, CO. Va. on the S, side of Jaraes riv
er. Pop, 9,186. Slaves, 4,041, Chief town. Smith-
field, At the court-house is a post-office,
_ Isle Perrat, seigniory. Lower Canada, compri
sing the Isle Perrot, and several smaller islands, off
the S, W, end of Montreal island.
Isle Royal, large isl, in Lake Superior, 100 railea
long, and 40 broad.
Isle Verte, seigniory, ComwalUs co. Lower Can
ada, on the S, aide ofthe St Lawrence, 104 ra, N,
E, Quebec.
• Isksborough, t Hancock co. Maine, on Long-
Island in Penobscot bay, 1 ra. W. Castine. Pop. 583.
Isles de Madam, islands at the S, end of Cape
Breton island, onthe F,. side of the entrance into
the Gut of Canso,

I S P

343

Isles of Shoals, small islands, 7 in number, 3
leaguea S, S, E, Portamouth, N, H, Staten ialand
is the largest, and constitutea the town of Gosport,
belonging to Rockingham CO, N, H, The reat of
the islanda belong to Maine. They are inhabited
by about 100 fiaherraen.
Islet de St. Jean, aeigniory, Devon co. Lower
Canada, on the S, side of the St Lawrence, 43 m,
N, E. Quebec,
Islet du Portage, aeigniory, Comwallia co. Low
er Canada, onthe S, aide ofthe St, Lawrence, 83
m, N, E, Quebec, '
Islewarth, v. Eng, in Middleaex co. on the
Tharaes, opposite Richraond, chiefly celebrated
for various elegant villas, 8 m, W, London. Pop.
4,661. Islington, v. Eng, in Middlesex co, united to
London ou the N, side by a continued range of
buildings. Pop, ofthe pariah, 15,000, ,
Islip, p-t, Suffolk CO, N. Y, on the S. ahore of
Long-laland, 50 m, E. New- York, Pop. 886.
Jsmai/, or /smai/ou, alarge andafrongt. Bessa-
r'abia, on the N. side of the principal arm of the
Danube, about 33 ra, frora the Black aea. It ia
raemorable for its aiege and capture by the Rus
sians under Suwarrow, in 1790. Of the Turks,
about 20,000 were killed, and 10,(XM) raade prison
ers : the Rusaians lost 5,000 raen on the day of
capture, and twice that number in the previous
operations, 30 m. W, Kilia-Nova, 140 S, by W,
Bender, 268 N, Constantinople, Lon, 28° 50' E,
Lat 45° 21' N,
Ismailav, iraperial palace of Russia, 12 ra, fr,
Moscow, Ismid, t, Asia Minor, (an, Nicamedid). Lon, 29°
34' E, Lat 40° SffN,
Isnik, t. Asia Minor, (an, Nice) famoua in eccle-
aiastical history as the seat of two councils in A, D.
326 and 787, It is on a lake communicating with the
aea of Marmora, and has some trade in ailk, Lon,
29° 6ff E. Lat, 40° Iff N,
Isny, t. Wirteraberg, 46 ra, S, Ulm. Lon, 10° 3'
46" E. Lat 47° 42' N, Pop, 2,200,
Isola, t, Istria, on an island, 7 ra, S. Capo d'Istria.
Lon, 13° 4ff E. Lat. 46° 37' N, Pop, 2,800,
Isola, t. Naples, 17 m. S, E. San Severino, Lon,
17°^' E. Lat. 39° 2' N, Pop. 2,800.
Isola, t. Piedmont, 4 m. S. by W. Aati. Pop,
2,300. Isola, t. Naples, on the river Garigliano, 5 ra, S.
Sora, Pop, 2,600,
Isola Alia, t. Italy, 11 ra, N. N. B. Mantua,
Isola Grosso,' isl, of the Adriatic, on the coaat of
Dalmatia, a^ut 30 miles long, and 2 broad. Lon.
15° 7' E. Lat 44° Iff N.
Isola Parcorisso, t. Italy, 18 m, N, E. Mantua,
Ispagnac, t. France, in Lozere, 5 m. N. N, W,
Florae, Pop. 1,900,
Ispahan, or Spohawn, formerly the capital of
Persia, and long celebrated aa one of the most
aplendid cities of the eaat. It is on the river Zen-
deroud, in the province of Irak. When visited by
Chardin, at the beginning of the last century, its
magnificence waa auch, that no city of the eaat
could compare with it, except the capitals of Hin
doatan and China, In 1722, it was taken by the
Afghana, and many of ita most superb edifices en
tirely destroyedby those barbarous invadera. It is
stUl,however,agreat and magnificent city, Kinneir
estimates the population at 200,000, and Morier, in
1808, at 400,000, Ispahan, according to Chardin,
is 24 railes in circuit, and contained 172
mosques, 48 colleges, 1,800 caravanseras, and 27;!
pubUc baths. The raost aplendid edifice was the

344

I T A

ITA

palace, built bjr Scha Abbas, It is said to have
been five miles in circuit, including the gardens,
and to have surpassed every thing of the kind
'which ia to be found in Europe, 'The walla and
buildinga of the palace remain, but it haa been
stript of all ita costly furniture. The atreeta of the
city are narrow, winding, and irregular. The
houaea have a mean appearance, being built merely
of bricks dried in the sun, and covered with flat
roofs. The manufactures of Ispahan are still very
extensive. In gold brocade this city is unrivalled.
It is also the greatest emporium of inland cora
merce in the Persian empire, being the chief rae-
dium of communication with India and Cabul ou
one side, and Turkey on the other. After being
desolated by foreign wars and revolutions, this city
has ol^ate begun to revive, through the exertions of
Hajefe Mahomed Hussein iKhan, who, from the low
est origin, has raised himself to the first aituationa in
the erapire, and acquired immense wealth, which
he employs in the improvement of his native city.
He has juat completed a new royal palace, which
equals in elegance any of the old ones. Lon. 62°
Sff E. Lat 32° 25' N.
Ispira, (an. Hispirotis,) t. Turkish Armenia, 90
m, E, Trebisond,
Isquintia, t. Guatimala, 30 ra. W, N, W, Gua
timala, Lon, 93° W, Lat, 14° 32' N,
Israel, t Preble co, Ohio,
Issogunge, t Hind, in Oude, 25 m, N, E, Khie-
rabad, Issel, Old, r. Netherlanda, which flowa into the
Zuyderzee below Kampen,
IsselyNew, canal which extends from the Rhine
at Arnheim, to the Old Isael at Doeaberg,
Issel, Little, r, Netherlands, which falls into the
Maese, near RotterdEira,
Isselhorst, v. Prussian Westphalia, 22 m. N, W,
Paderbom, Isselmonde, isl. Netherlands, formed by the
Maese, the Merwe, and the Issel. 3 m. S. E. Rot
terdam. Isselstein, t Netherlands, in Utrecht, on the Lit
tle Issel, 5 ra. S. Utrecht Pop. 2,100.
Issin, t Persia, 6 m, N, Gombroon,
Issoire, t, France, in Puy-de-Dorae, 19 ra. S, by
E, Clermont, Lon, 0° 52' E, Lat, 45° 43' 56" N,
Pop. 5,000.
Issoudun, t. France, in Indre, 18 m. S, W. Bour
ges, 74 S. E. Toura. Pop. 10,000.
Issum, V. Prusaian Westphalia, in Cleves, 6 m.
N, E. Gueldres. Pop. 2,000.
Issurdu, t. Hind, in Asmecr. Lon. 75° 10' E.
Lat 26° 20' N.
Issy, V. France, 2 m. S. S. W. Paris.
Issy VEveque, t France, in Saohe-and-Loire, on
the Somrae, 25 ra. S. W. Autun. Pop, 1,800,
Istokher. See Estachar.
Istary, v. Asia Minor, SO ra, S, Trebisond,
Istres, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 18 m,
S. E.Aries. Pop. 2,100,
Istria, a peninaula ofthe Ausfrian empire, form
ed by the gulfa of Trieste and Fiume, between lat,
45° and 46 °N. and formerly divided into Vene
tian and Auatrian, The whole now belongs to
Austria, and forma the aouthern part of the new
kingdom of Illyria, Extent, 1,600 aquare miles.
Pop, 141,000, The ports of Istria are the princi
pal outlets for the surplus produce both of Austria
and Hungary.
Istria. See Copo d'Istria.
Italy, a weU known peninsula in the south of
T:nrope, extending from 37° to 46° N. lat. and from

6,618,000
3,994,000

4,014,000
2,346,000 1,180,000 377,000
370,000138,000

7° to 19° E, lon. It is surrounded on all sides by
the Mediterranean, except on the N, where it is
separated by the Alpa from Germany, Switzerland
and France,
Italy ia at present divided into nine independent
States, The following table exhibits their extent
and population : Sq. miles.
I, — Kingdom ofthe Two Si
cilies. - - - 43,600
II,— Kingdom of Sardinia. 27,400
III. — Austrian Italy, or the
Lombardo- Venetianking-
dora. - - 18,290
IV,— States of the Church. 14,500
v.- Grand Duchy of Tus
cany, - - - 8,500
VI.— Statea of Parma, - 2,280
VIL— Statea of Modena. 2,060
VIII. — Duchy of Lucca, 420
IX, — RepubUc of San Ma
rino, . - . 40 7j000
Italy, including Sicily and  ¦
Sardinia, - - 117,090
Nothing can exceed the beauty ahd diversity of
the natural scenery of Italy. Its raountains present
every variety of form and elevation, of rugged
rocks and precipices, thick and extensive forests,
water-fzdls, and aU the component parts of pictnr-
eaque beauty. The clearness of tiie atmosphere
gives to every object a reraarkable brightness of
colouring and distinctness of outiine.
In respect of cUmate, Italy is one of thf most
favoured counfries in Europe, The afr is mild
and genial, the excessive heats of aummer being
moderated by the influence of the mountaina and
surrounding sea.
The most important productions of the country
are vines, olives, and other fruits of great variety,
and of the most delicious quaUty, Cotton, and
still raore silk, are cultivated to a great extent
Lombardy is the chief com counfry. Skilful ag
riculture ia confined to the north : in the centre
and south it ia at a very low ebb,
Italy containa few manufactures. Silk is the
ataple article ; aud after it come Unen and wool
len. The eatabliahed religion ia the Roman Catholic ;
but aU other aects are tolerated. The number of
archbishops for the whole country is 38. The
number of inferior ecclesiastics is surprisingly
great. Italy contains an extraordinary number of
hospitals, erected, and in general prorided for, in
forraer agea. The principal universitiea are those
of Rome, Bologna, Padua, Parraa, Pisa, Pavia,
Naples, and Palerrao.
Antiquities form one of the grand objects of in
terest to tiie traveUer, while their iUuatrationcon-
atitutea a diatinct branch of atudy with the literati
of Uie counfry.
Italy, Kingdom o/, the name of a state created by
Bonaparte, out of the various provincea oftlie
north of Italy, and first Imown by the name of the
Cisalpine republic. It comprised Lombardy, the
duchy of Modena, the Venetian territory, the pa
pal legations of Ferrara, Bologna, and Romagna ;
the districts of Chiavenna, Bormio, and the Valte
line, (belonging formerly to the Grisons;) and
fi nally, the eastern part of Piedraont, lying between
Ticino and the Sesia. It contained 24 departmepts,
and a population of 6,460,000. The events of
1814 overthrew thia ahort-Uved monarchy.
Italy. Aitstrian, a kingdom of Upper Italy, he-

JAB

JAB

345

longing to tiie house of Austria, comprehending -
the whole of Italy east of the Ticino and north of
the Po. It is bounded N. by Switzerland and Aus
fria ; E. by Illyria ; S. E. by the Adriatic ; S. by
the States ofthe church, of Modena, andof Parma,
and W. by Piedmont Extent, 18,290 aquare miles,
Pop. 4,014,000. The name given to thia kingdora,
in freaties and other public acts, is the Lombardo-
Venetian Kingdom. The country is iu general
levelj^nsisting of large and beautiful plains.
ft is in a high state of cultivation ; and on ac
count of its extreme fertility, has been frequent
ly called the garden of Europe. The pro- v
ducts are rice, wheat, vinea, fruit, and large
quantitiea of silk, flax, and hemp. The exports
consist chiefly of rice, com, and cattle ; also of silk,
the value of which annuaUy sent out of the coun
fry is computedat from 400,000/. to 500,000/.
Ausfrian Italy 'was erected into a kingdom by
an edict ofthe emperor of Austria, dated 7th April
1815. Though declared to forma monarchy insep
arable from the Ausfrian erapire, it has a separate
constitution of its own, at the head of which is a
prince ofthe imperial family, with the title of vi'-e-
roy. Hia residence is at Milan. The administra
tion of each of the two great divisions is in the
hands of a governor and government college, in
subordination to the court of Vienna.
Italy, t Ontario co. N. Y. on Canandaigua lake,
S. of Canandaigua.
Itamaca, r. Guiana, which falls into the Orinoco,
near its mouth,
Itamarca, isl, off the coast of Pernambuco, in
Brazil, 3 leagues long and 2 broad.
Itamarca., the capital of the above island, is on
the S. E. side, Lon, 36° ff W. Lat, 8° S.
Itambira, settlement, Brazil, in' Minas Geraes,
on the river Dolce, 36 m. W. ViUa Rica,
Itampaen, r. Brazil, wliich falls into the Atian
tic in lat 17° 4ff S.
Itata, province, Chili, bordering on the Pacific
ocean. Coulemu, the capital, is in lat. 36° 2' S.
Itata^ r. ChiU, which enters the sea in lat, 36° S.
Itchapaur, t India, in the northern circars, 30
m, S, W, Gaugaur, Lon. 85° E, Lat 19° ff N,
Itchoro, r. Siberia, which runs into the Lena in
frkoutsk, Ithaca, ortThittki, in the Mediterranean, one of
the seven Ionian ialanda, between Cefalonia and
Santa Maura, in lon. 21° E. lat 38° 36' N, Ex
tent, 85 sq. milea. Pop. 8,000. It has always
been noted for its rugged and barren aspect. The
EngUsh government are about establishing a
Greek University in Ithaca for the benefit of all
the Ionian ialands. The inhabitants have sub
scribed very Uherally for ita aupport.

Ithaca, p-v, in Ulysses, and cap, of Tompkins co,
N, Y, at the bottom of Cayuga lake, 29 m, fr, Owe
go, 180 W, Albany, Pop. in 1818, 611, The pub
lic buildings are a court-house and church,
Ithon, r. Wales, which falls into the Wye, 3 m,
N, Builth.
ItiobaraBay, bay on the coast of Brazil, Lon,
37° 4ff W, Lat, 6° 2ff S,
Itri, t. Naplea, in Terra di Lavoro, 40 m, N, W,
Naplea, Pop, 4,600.
Ituria, in Sac. Geog, a country on the E, side
ofthe river Jordan, near Mount Hermon,
Itselioe, t. Denmark, in Holstein, on the Stor,
31 m. N, by W, Hamburgh, Pop, 5,000,
Ivangorod, t, Russia, 11 m, E, Narva, 84 S, W.
Petersburg, Lon, 28° 14' E. Lat 59° Iff N,
Ivel, r. Eng, in Bedfordshire, which joins the
Ouse at Terapaford.
Ivel, r. Eng, which rises in Dorsetshire, ahd runs
into the Parret at Langport,
Ivenach, t. Mecklenburg-Schweriu, 42 m, S.
Stralsund, Iver, t. Eng, in Buckingham, 18 ra, W, London,
Pop, 1,636,
herdon. See Yverdun.
Ivica, or Ibica, isl, ofthe Mediterranean, belongf-
ing lo Spain, and the principal ofthe group called
the Pithyusa. Extent, 190 sq. railes. Pop, 15,200,
The climate ia uncommonly mild. The soil is
fertile, producing corn, -wine, oil, fruit, flax, aud
hemp, with litUe labour, Ivica, the capital, is
well fortified, and has a good harbour, Lon, 4°
2ff E. Lat 38° 5ff N, Pop, 2,700, ^
Ivinghoe, t, Eng, in Buckinghara co, 6 "in, S, W.
Dunstable, 33 N. W, London, Lon, 0° 37' W, Lat,
61° 50' N. Pop, 1,361.
Ivory Coast. See Guinea.
hoy le Pre, t, France, in Cher, 11 ra, S, Aubig
ny. Ivrea, strong town of Italy, in Piedmont, on the
Doira Baltea. It is aurrounded with thick baa-
tions, and has a turreted castle, with two other
forts, 20 m. N. Turin, 53 W. Milan, Lon. 7° 44'
E. Lat, 46° 2ff N,
Ivry, V. France, on the Eure, 18 ra, S, E, Evreux,
50 N. W, Paris,
Ivy Bridge, v. Eng, in Devonshire, 24 m, fr.
Bideford, Iwanowitz. See Janowitz.
Ixworth, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 7 m, N, E, Bury,
Ixworth, t Cornwallis co. Lower Canada, 68 m,
N, E, Quebec,
Jse, t France, 14 m,' E, by S, Mayenne. Pop.
1,800. i
Isieu, t France, in Loire, 14 m, fr, St. Etienne.
Pop. 2,000,

Jaar, r, Netherlands, which faUs into the
Meuse at Maestricht,
Jabbok,in Sac, Geog, small r, of Palestine, which
flows intothe Jordan S, of the sea of Tiberias,
Jabesh, in Sac. Geog, t, inr Gilead, 6 m. frora
Pclla, ° '
44

Jabloncza, t, Hungary, on the Miawa, 20 m, W,
N, W, Leopoldstadt
Joblonow, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, 50 m,
S, byE, Stanislawow,
Jablunka, t, Auatrian Silesia, on theElsa, Ilm.
S. S, E, Teschen. Lon, 18° 4ff E, Lat, 49° 32' N,
Pop, 1,700.

346

J A C

Jabneh, by the Greeks caUed Jamnia, in Sac.
Geog, t Palestine, ou the Mediterranean, S. of
Joppa, Here waa eatablished in later timea, a fa
moua Jewish school,
Jaca, or Jacca, t, Spain, in Arragon, 45 m, N,
Saragossa, Lon,0°41"W, Lat42°2ffN. Pop,
4,000, Jacatra, adistrictof the island of Java, ofwhich
Bata-via ia the capital, forraerly a kingdom govern
ed by its ovra sovereigna ; but now belonging to
the Dutch, Pop, 203,484, Ita productions are
principaUy coffee, augar, and rice,
Jaci, Jaci d' Aquila, or Jad Reale, a-p, on the
E, coaat of Sicily, inthe Val di Demona, near the
foot of Mount Etna, 10 m. N, N, E, Catania, 15 S,
by W, Taormind, Lon, 16° 16' E, Lat, 37° 4ff N,
Pop. 11,000.
Jackson, sometiraes called Hitchcock, p-t. Han
cock CO. Maine, 26 ra, N, W. Castine,
Jackson, p-t, Waahington co, N, Y,
Jackson, t Louisa co, Va,
Jackaon, co, Geo, on the forks of the Oconee,
Pop, 10,669. Slaves, 1,816. Chieftown, Jefferson.
Jackson, co. Alabama.
Jackson, co. Miaaissippi, on the gulf of Mexi
co, at the mouth of the Pascagoula.
Jackson, co. West-Tennessee, on Cumberland
river. Pop. 6,401, Slaves, 481, Chieftown, WU-
liaraaon. At the court-houae is a post-office,
Jackson, CO, Ohio, E. of Roaa and Pike counties.
Pop, in 1819, 2,000, Chieftown, Jackson,
Jackson, p-t, and cap, Jackaon co, Ohio, 28 m.
S. E, Chilicothe,
Jackson, t Champaign co, Ohio,
Jaeksan, t Franklin co, Ohio, on the Scioto, 7
m, bfelow Columbus. Pop. in 1819, 260.
Jackson, t Knox co, Ohio,
Jackson, t. Monroe co, Ohio, on Ohio river, 9 m.
S, Woodaiield,
Jaeksan, t Montgomery co, Ohio, 14 ra, W,
Dayton. Jackson, t. Muakingum co, Ohio, 16 m, N, W,
Zanesville, Jackson, t Perry co, Ohio, 8 m', S, Somerset,
Jackson, t. Pickaway co, Ohio, on the Scioto, 5
m, above CircleviUe.
Jackson, t Pike co, Ohio, on the Scioto, 5 m.
above Piketon,
Jackson, t. Stark co, Ohio, Pop, in 1819, 400. ,
Jackson, t Wayne co, Ohio, Pop. in 1819, 160,
Jackson, co, Indiana, on the E. fork of White
river, Cluef town, Brownstown,
Jackson, co, Illinois, on the Mississippi, Pop. in
1818, 1,294. Chieftown, BrownsviUe.
Jackson, p-t, and cap. Cape Girardeau co. Mia
souri, 12 ni, N. W. Cape Girardeau, 10 ra, from
the Mississippi.
Jacksonborough, t, Colleton diatrict, S. C. on the
W. side of Edisto river, 33 ra. W, Charleston,
Jacksonborough, p-t and cap, Scriven co, Geo,
«n Briar creek, 69 m, N, W, Savannah, 64 S, E.
Augusta. Jacksonburg, t and cap. CampbeU co. East-
Tennessee, N. of KnoxviUe.
Jacksonburg, p-t. Butler co.Ohio, 8 ra. N. Hara
ilton. Jackson, Cape, on the coast of New Holland,
Lon. 175° IffE, Lat, 40° 64' S,
Jackson's mills, p-v, Harrison co, Va,
Jackson's river, Va, rises in the Warm Spring"
mountains, and fiowing S, W, is joined by Cow-
pasture river, and forms James river. Near its
2ouree is a perpendicular fall ef 200 feet

JAF
Jackson town, p-v. Jackson co. Alabama,
Jacksonville, p-v. Wood co. Va.
Jacksonville, p-v. Louisa co. Va,
JacksonvUk, or Telfairton, t and cap, Telfair
CO, Geo,
Jocksonvillev,Fair{ieldco. Ohio, 18 m. N.W.
Lancaster. Jocksonvitte, t. Adams co, Ohio, 18 m, E, West-
union, Jacmel. See Jaquemel.
Jacob's creek, r, Pau which runs into the Youg-
hiogany, in Westraoreland co.
Jacabshogen, t. Prusaian atates, in Pomerania,
16 m. E. Stargard. Lon. 1 6° Sff E. Lat 53° 26'
N. Pop. 1,500.
Jocobstadt, t. Rusaia, in Courland, on the Dwi
na, 80 ra. S.S. E. Riga.
Jocobstadt, t Russia, in Finland, on the gulf at
Bothnia, 50 m. N. N. E. Wasa. Lon. 21° Sff E.
Lat 36° 41' N. Pop. 1,600.
Jacabstown, t. Belmont co, Ohio,
Jacotta, t, India, in Cochin, Lon, 76° 1' E, Lat
10° 14' N,
Jacques Cortier, r. Lower Canada, which rises
in some araall lakes, m lon, 71° 2ff W, lat 48° N,
and faUa into the St Lavn-ence at the seigniory of
the same name,
Jacques Cortier, seigniory, Hampshire co. Low
er Canada, on the N. side of the St Lawrence, 24
ra, W. Quebec,
Jaen, province, Spain, forming the E, part of
Andalusia, aud bounded N; by La Mancha, E, hy
Murcia and GrSnada, S. by Granada, and W, l^
Cordova, Extent, 4,730 sq. miles. Pop. in 1803,
207,000, Wine, oil, silk, and com, are the prin
cipal productions.
Jaen, city, Spain, in Andalusia, and cap, ofthe
province of Jaen, on the banks of the Guadalbulon.
It ia aurrounded by walla flanked, with towers, is
neatly built, and has aeveral handsome churchea
and squares. It is a bishop's see ; and the cathe
dral is a noble structure, 36 ra. N, Granada, 65
E. Cordova, Lon, 3° 51' W, Lat 37° 4ff N, Pop,
27,500, Jaen De Bracamoras, province, Quito, bound
ed N. by Lqja and Quixos, E. by Mainas, S. and
W, by Peru. Its comraerce conaiats in cotton,
tobacco, aud mulea, Jaen, the capital, haa 4,000
inhabitanta, 314 m, S, Quito, 96 S, E, Loxa, Lon,
78° Sff W. Lat 5° 26' S.
Jifa, adiafrict of Arabia, in the S, E. of Yemen,
bordering on Hadramaut, It is fertile, and
abounds in coffee and cattle.
Jaffa, t. Paleatine, near the coast of the Medi
terranean, called ancientiy Joppa. It ia celebrE-
ted in Scripture hiatory as the place whence Jo
nah embarked for Tarshish, and as that where St
Peter restored Tabitha to life. It is now inhabit
ed by Turks and Arabs, with a mixture of Greeks,
Maronites, and .Vrraenians. The general appear
ance of Uie place is now very desolate. Its har
bour ia one of the worst in the Mediterranean. It
ia a resort of pUgrima to the Holy Land, being sit
uated directiy in the way to Jeruaalem. In 1799,
Jaffa being taken by Bonaparte, became the
scene of that massacre of prisoners, of which so
many reports have been spread. According to
Sir Robert Wilson, four days after its surrender,
3,800 were led to a field, neai- the town, and pub
licly slipt. Bonaparte has since acknowledged to
lord Ehringtou and Mr. Warden, that it took place
to the extent of 500; and he justified it on thfc
ground that these were Naplousian prisoners,

J A H

JAM

347

-who, after beiug taken and dismissed on parole,
had joined the garrison of Jafl'a, 40 m, W, Jeru
salem, Lon, 34° Sff E, Lat 32° 2' N,
Jqffierabad, t Hind, in Gujerat, near the sea,
Lou, 70° ffE, Lat, 20° 5ff N.
Jaffier Gwige, t. Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon, 79°
25' E, Lat 17° 52'N,
Jaffna, or Jaffnapatam, disfrict, in theN, ex
fremity of Ceylon, and considered as the raost
healthy and populous of the island. It is nearly
surrounded by the sea, which renders it cool ; and
being clear of woods, it produces abundance of
fruit and vegetables, and raiaea a considerable
quantity of sheep andpoulfry. The woods which
separate this district from the Candian provinces
are inhabited by a savage people, known by the
narae of Vaddaha, and suppoaed to have been the
aborigines of the counfry. The Wesleyan Metho
dists, and the Araerican Board of Foreign Mis
sions, have stations in this diafrict See Ceylon.
Jaffna, the capital of the above district, is at
aome distance from the sea, but communicates
with it by a river navigable for large boats. It
has a manufacture of cotton goods ; and ita artifi-
cera are eateemed the beat in the ialand. The
inhabitants are principally Mahoraetans; but
since Ceylon was taken by the English, raany of
the counfry born Dutch families have settled there,
as being a cheaper and healthier place than Co
lurabo, It is also the reaidence ofthe auperintend-
ant of the diatrict, ia garriaoned by the British
froopa, and is esteemed the aecond town on the ial
and. Lon. 80° 9' E. Lat 9° 4ff N.
Jaffrey, p-t Cheahire co. New-Hampshire, 36 m,
S, W, Concord, Pop, 1,336, Here are found red
and yellow ochre, alura, vitriol, and black lead,
\ company is incorporated for the manufa,cture of
earthen ware. Grand Monadnock raountain is in
this town,
Jaffnoo, kingdom of Central Africa, between
Ludamar, Kaarta, and Gedumah.
Jagenagur. See THppero.
Jagepare, or Jehaspore, t Hindostan, in Orissa,
on the Bytumee river. Lon. 86° 35' E. Lat 20°
SffN. Jagerndorf, or -Karaoiei/a, t Silesia, 12 ra. N.
W. Troppau, 20 W. Ratibor. Lon. 17° 40' E. Lat
50° N. Pop. 4,649,
Jagersdarf, Gross, v. Eaat Pruaaia, 30 m, W,
Gumbinnen, Jaggemai. See Juggemauth.
Jagierdorpore, t Hind, in Gundwana, on the
Inderowty. Lon, 82° 21' E. Lat 19° 2ff N,
Jagadna, t Eu, Turkey, in Servia, SO m, N, N,
W. Nissa, 60 S, S, E, Belgrade. Lon, 20° 66' E,
Lat 44° Iff N,
Jagra, or Giarra, country, W. Africa, S. ofthe
Gambia. Jagraam, t Hind, in Delhi. Lon, 75° E, Lat,
30° 47' N,
Jagua, settiement, Cuba, 85 m, W. S, W, Ha
vannah, Jaguaribe, r. Brazil, which enters the Atlantic,
in lon. 38° 10' W. lat 4° S.
Jahoz, in Sac, Geog, t, of the Moabites, after-
vrards assigned to the tribe of Reuben, and by
them given to the Levites, It was near Aroer,
Jeihde, or Jade, r. Germany, which forms at its
mouth a considerable bay in the North sea, in lon,
8° 12' 43'' E, lat 53°2ff 45" N.
7aA;'oi«, t.Hind, in Agra. Lon, 77° 52'E, Lat
26° SffN. .

Jahorlick, r. Russian Poland, forming the S, E
boundary of Podolia, and falling into the Dnies
ter. *
Jaicise, or Jaidsclm, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia,
on the Verbaa, 25 ra, W. S. W. Serajo,
Jajgur, t. and fort, Hind, and cap, of a district
in Ajraeer,
Jaina, or Haina, distriot, St. Domingo,
Jairier, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the Jumna, Lon-
78° 2ff E, Lat, 25° 9' N.
Jakin, r. Slave coastof Africa, which separates
Ardra frora Benin, and falls into the sea at Great
Popo, Jalkau, or Jalkowitz, t, Bohemia, 6 m. S, E,.
Czaslau, Jallindher, t Hind, in Lahore, Lon, 75° 25' E,
Lat 31° Iff N,
Jollonkadao, country, Africa, of considerable
extent, on the head watera of the Senegal, The
JaUonkas, are governed by a number of petty
chiefs, commonly at enmity with each other. A
great part of the country is a desert.
Jolnoh, district, Hind, in Aurungabad, between
19° and 20° N. lat, Jalnah, the capital, is in lon.
76°34'E, latl9°4ffN,
Jalaffs, or Ouoloffs, people of Africa, between
the lower part of the Garabia and the Senegal.
They are the handsomest negroes in this part of
Africa, The Jaloffa profess the Mahometan reli
gion. They are fearless hunters and brave warriors.
Jalooan, L Hind, in Agra, on the S. side of the
Sind river. Lon. 79° 23' E. Lat 26° 7' N.
Jalore, fortress Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 72° 56'
E. Lat 25° 44' N.
Jalore, t Hind, iu Ajraeer, belonging to the ra
jah of Odeypore. Lon. 74° 20' E. Lat. 24° 47' N.
Jama, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific ocean.
in lat 7° SO' S.
Jamaica, one of the West India islands belong
ing to Great Britain. It ia of an oval form, about
160 miles long, and, on a medium, 40 bro^d. Ex
tent, 6,200 sq. miles. It is divided into three
counties, namely, Middlesex, Surry, and Corn
wall. A lofty range of mountains runs through
the whole island from E, to W. dividing it into
two parts, and rising in some of its raost elevated
peaks to 7,431 feet above the level of the sea. On
the north side of the ialand the land riaes from
the shore into hills. In the centre, the elevated
mountains are clothed with almost boundless for
ests. On the S. side, vast plains stretch along the
foot of the mountains, chiefly covered with the
sugar cane. The soil of Jamaica is in some pla
ces deep ami fertile, but the greatest part of the
island is in^pable of cultivation. Out of 4,080,000
acres which the island contains, about 2,000,(K)0
have been granted to individuals by patent from
the, crown, and not more than 1,000,000 ia at pre
sent under cultivation. Of this number, about
639,000 acres are laid out in sugar plantations,
and 280,000 in breeding farms. — The legislature
of Jatnaica ia composed of a governor, of a
council noniinated by the crown, consisting of 12
gentlemen, and a house of assembly containing 43
merabers, who are elected by the freeholders. —
The most important exporta are sugar, rum, mo
lasses, and coffee, and next to these cocoa, cotton,
indigo, pimento, and ginger. The amount of
augar exported has graduaUy increased from
11,000 hhds. in 1722 to 140,000 in 1(S02, In 1791,
the coffee exported amounted to about 600,000
lbs. In 1804, it had increased to 22,000,000 lbs,<

348

JAM

and in 1 807, to 28,500,000 lbs. The whole value
of the exports in 1744, was 600,000/. ; in 1809,
3,033,234/. ; and in 1810, 2,303, 179/. The value
of the imports in 1809, was 4,068,897/.; in 1810,
4,303,337/. The population of JamE^ica in 1746,
was 112,428 slavea, and about 10,000 whites; in
1812, according to an official return, 319,912
slaves, and the nuraber of whites and free people
of color was estimated at 40,000, making a total
of 359,912: The United Brethren, the Baptiata,
and the Methodiats eraploy raissionaries in this
ialand, principally among the negroes. The cen
tre of the island ia in lop. 76° 4ff W. lat 18° 12' N.
Jamaicd, t. Windham co. Vt. 32 ra. S. W,
Windsor. Pop. 996.
Jamaica, p-t. Queen's co. on Long-Island, N. Y.
13ra.E. New York, Pop, 2,110, The vUlage
containa an acaderayj and 3 churches.
Jamaica plains, in Roxbury, Masa, 5 ra, from
Boston, reraarkable for its beautiful scenery and
elegant counfry seats.
Jambee, district on the N, E, coast of Sumatra,
Jambee, the capital, is about 60 m. fr, the sea, ou
a river which ia navigable for boats, Lon, 103°
3ffE, Lat 1°24'S,
Jamber, small isl, near the W, coast of Africa,
Lat 10° 21' N,
Jamba, s-p, Hedsjas, in Arabia, 72 m, S, W.
Medina, Jamboo. See Jumboo.
Jamburg, t. Eu, Russia, 76 m. S, W, St Pe
tersburgh. Lon, 28° 60' E. Lat 59° 2ff N,
James Boy, -bay, at the most southern part
of Hudson's Bay, with which it communicates,
It contains aeveral islanda, among which are Bear,
Viners, Charleton, and Agomiaco ialands, Michi-
picaton river, which falls into lake Superior, has
its source towards this bay, from whence there ia
said to be but a abort portage to Moose river, which
faUs into James bay, ,
James city, co, Va, between Chickahominy and
James rivers. Pop. 4,094, Slaves, 2,320, Chief
town, Williamsburg.
James city, p-t. Madison co. Va.
Jame's creek, i. Del. which runs into Delaware
bay, 11m, below Hook island,
James, Fort, fort, Barbadoes, near Bridgetown.
James, Fori, t. W, Africa, cap. of the English
settlements on the Gambia, on a bank in the mid
dle of the river.
James Island, on the coast of S. C. lies on the S,
side of Ashley river, opposite Charleston. It is
Separated from John's island on the W, bystono
river. Here is a Presbyterian church. Fort
Johnston is on this island.
James River, Virginia, rises in the valley on the
E. side of the Alleghany mountains, and breaking
through the Blue Ridge, pursues a course S, of E.
and falls into the southern part of Chesapeake
bay, A 40 gun ship can ascend as far as James
town I vessels of 250 tons to Warwick, and those
of 125 tons to Rockf-Ls, a mile below Richmond,
At this city, the navigation- was formerly inter
rupted by the Great Falls, which in 7 miles de
scend 43 feet ; but a cauEd around thera is now
completed, which makes the river navigable 230
miles further for boats drawing 12 inches water.
The Board of Public Works in Virginia have re
ported in favor of a canal to connect Jaraes river
with the Ohio, Such a canal, they suppose,
would have many advantages over the Grand ca
nal in New York, and would divert much of the

JAN
trade of the western country to the porta of Vir
ginia, Jamestown, t Newport co, R, 1, comprising
Canonicut island, 3 m. W, Newport, 30 S, Provi
dence, Pop. 504. It is 8 miles long, and 1 broad.
At the S, end is Beavertail light-houae,
Jamestown, p-t, Chatauque co. N, Y,
Jamestown, p-t. Prince Edward co, Va, 12 m,
N, E, of the Court-house,
Jamestown, p-t. Guilford co, N, C.
Jamestown, t James city co, Va, on apeninsula,
on the N, side of James river, 32 m. from its
mouth, 8 m, S, S, W, WiUiamsburg, It was foun
ded in 1608, and is the oldest EngUsh settiement
in the U, S, It is now in ruins, and in 1777 con
tained only one family.
Jamestown, v. Green co. Ohio.
James's Town, t. Barbadoes, ou the W, aide of
the island,
Jamesvilk, p-v, iu Manliua, Onondaga co, N, Y.
4 m, E.-Onbndaga hollow,
JamcsviUe, p-v. Clarendon co, S. C.
Jamnitz, or Gemnice, t Moravia, 26 m. W. N.
W. Znaym. Lon. 16° 28' E. Lat 48° Sff N.
Pop. 1,100.
Jamtland, province, Sweden, bordering on Nor
way, between 62° and 66° N, lat Extent 10,000
sq. miles. Pop. about 26,000.
Janagur, t Hind, in Gujerat, on the Banaas
river. Lon. 71° 17' E. Lat 23° 35'N,
Janeiro, Rio de, a jurisdiction of BrazU, bound
ed N, by tile province of Espiritu Santo, E, and
S. by the Atiantic ocean, and W, by Minas Ge
raes. It is of an exfreraely fertUe soil, and pro
duces sugar in great abun(&nce.
Janeiro, Ria de, city, S. America, and capital of
Brazil, is on a river of the same name, at the
head of a large bay, near the foot of aeveral high
raountaina which riae behind it. The houaea
aregeneraUy built of atone or brick, and the sfreeta
are straight, well paved, and . have exceUent
foot-paths. The harbor is one ofthe finest kno-wn,
for capaciousness and security. The entrance,
which ia about a mile wide, is bounded ou one
side by_a lofty inclining conical hiU, and on the
other by the huge mass of granite which supports
the castie of Santa Cruz. Near the middle Ues a
small island on which Fort Lucia is built Though
at firat narrow, it gradually widens to about three
or four railes, and has an exceUent muddy bottom.
This city is the chief mart of Brazil, and espe
ciaUy of the provinces of Minas Geraes, St
Paul's, Goyaz, and Cuyaba. Since the emigra
tion of Uie court of Portugal to Brazil, thia ex
tensive country haa been opened to the commerce
of Great Britain. Janeiro appeara to be afready
reaping the fruits of thia Uberal aystera. Its pop
ulation haa increased, and evei-y thing indicates
the thriving condition of the place. The city is
gradually extending, by the erection of publie
and private buildings. The population is vari
ously estimated. .According to Mr. Mawe's esti»
mate, including the negroes, the most numeroua
class, it amounts to 100,000. Lon. 42° 1' 30" W.
Lat. 22° 5ff S.
Janeiro, r. Brazil, which faUs into the bay at
the head of which the city of Rio Janeiro ia sit
uated. Jani-Kaleh. See Jenikakh.
Jank, t. Hungary, 34 m. N. W. Szathmar. LoB.
22° 3ff 13" E. Lat 47° 55' N.
Janoah, iu Sac, Geog, place, Palestine, on the

JAP
borders ofthe tribes of Ephraira and Manasseh, 12
m, E, Shechem.
Jarutwies, t Bohemia, 30 m, S, S, W, Pilsen,
Lon, 13° 8' E, Lat 49° Iff N,
Janowitz, v, SUeaia, 9 m from Hirschberg,
JanvUk, t, France, in Eure-and-Loir, 21 m, S,
E, Chartres,
Janse, t France, in Ille-and- Vilaine, 5 m, S,
Chateau, Pop, 3,500,
Jansi, t Hind, in Agra, Lon, 78° 57' E, Lat,
15°32'N, Japan, an extenaive empire, consisting of sever
al large islands, at the eastern extreinity of Asia,
The principal of these ia Niphon, which is 700
mUea long. The next two are Sikokf and Kiu-siu,
the former 90 miles long, Uie latter 200, The
large island of Jesso, immediately N, of Niphon, has
been colonized aud governed by Japan, though it
is scarcely reckoned an integral part of the era-
pire." The extent of the three original ialands
may be computed at 90,000 aquare miles, Thia
great empire has long rejected almost all commu
nication with Europe-ans, The general aspect of
theae ialanda is rugged and irregular, bristling
with mountains, rocka, and hills. The coast is
rocky and precipitous ; the aea which surrounds it
isfuUof shaUows and whirlpools, and subject to
violent tempests ; so that there are few parts of
the coast which can be approached with safety.
Volcanoes and earthquakes are felt in every part
of the empfre, often to a desolating extent, Thfe
minerals are copper, wluch is the principal arti
cle of export ; coal in sufficient quantities to sup
ply the islanda with fuel ; gold and aulphur, in
abundance. Pearls are found almost in the whole
circuit of the ialand of Sikokf. The principal
vegetables are the rh-us vemix, or varnish tree,
affording a milky juice, with which the na
tives vamiah, or, as we call it, japan, all their
household furniture, dishes and plates. The mul
berry tree, the tea shrub, the laurel and camphor
tree, are very coramon. Among cultivated vege
tables, rice takes the lead, and forras the main ar
ticle of subsistence throughout the empire. Agri
culture is carried to the same perfection as in
China. The govemment presents a striking
anomaly in the combined dominion of aspiritual and
temporal ruler. The former, called the Dairi,
was the sole original sovereign, and was regarded
by his subjects almost as a divinity. At the end of
the 16th century, however, one of his generals
seized the whole secular power, and left to the
Dairi only a shadow of dominion. The Dairi re
sides in the imperial city of Meaco, and has the
revenue of it and the surrounding district allotted
to him for the support of his establishment. The
secular emperor resides in pomp at Jeddo. His
revenues have been estimated at the sum of
28,000,000 /. but they are paid chiefly in produce.
The army raaintained by the emperor is atated at
100,000 foot and 20,000 horse. Japan, however,
is seldom engaged in foreign war. When the dy
nasty of Zingis conquered China, they fitted out a
great armament, and invaded Japan, but were
completely repulsed by that brave people. En
ergy, pride, and a lofty sense ofhonour, form prom
inent features in the character of the Japanese.
Although no regular form of liberty exists, there
yet prevails a spirit of independence, and force of
public opinion, which deters the rulers from any
flagrant injustice. The Japanese are inteUigent
and inquisitive, and acquire knowledge with great
faciUty. They possess the arts of printing and en-

J A R

349

graving, though in a stylo much inferior to that of
Europe. The history of their own country is written by
them very carefully. Poetry is a favourite pursuit,
and they are passionately fond of music. They have
extensive works on botany and zoology, and have
translated aeveral European works. The princi
pal manufactures are silk and cotton, and lacquer
ed ware, which from them we call japanned ware.
The foreign commerce of Japan is carried on only
with the Dutch and Chinese. That of the Dutch
is confined to the single'port of Nangasaki in the
island of Kiu-aiu, and is embarassed by so many re-
atrictiona, that it is not very profitable. The
Japanese are particularly jealous of the English
and Russians. They beUeve the encroachments
of the Rusaians along the northern, and of the
Engliah along the aouthern coaat of Aaia, to have
the subjugation of Japan for their main and ulti
mate object.
Japaro, a-p. on the N. coast ofthe island of Java,
and a great comraercial raart of the Europeans.
It was among the first establishments ofthe Dutch
in the Eastern seas. Lon. 110° 64' E, Lat 6°
28' S.
Jaquemel, t Hispaniola, Lon, 13° 24' E. Lat.
18° 17' N.
Jaquemel, Cape, cape, Hispaniola. Lon. 73?
25' W. Lat 18° 14' N.
Jaques, r. New Brunswick, which runs into the
river St. John, in lon. 67° Sff W, lat. 46° 54' N.
Jaques, or James, r. Missouri Territory, whicli
joina the N. aide ofthe river Miasouri, in lat, 43°
53' N, 960 miles from ita mouth,
Jaques Cortier. See Jacques Cortier.
Jaquesy, settlement, St Domingo, 13 ra. E, S, E.
Cape Francois.
Joquet Point, the N. extremity of the ialand of
Dominica. Joransk, t. Russia, in Viatka, on the Wyscheg-
da, 93 m, S, S, W, Viatka, Pop, 5,000,
Jardin, Bon, v. Brazil, in Paraiba, 70 ra, from
Pernambuco, Jordines, Los, small islands, near the S, coast of
Cuba. Lon. 81° Sff W, Lat 21° 18' N,
Jardin del Rey, small isles, near the N, coast of
Cuba, Lon, 78° W, Lat 22° Iff N,
Jaretta, La, one of the largest rivers in Sicily,
which falls into the gulf of Catania, 6 m. S, Ca
tania. Jargeau, or Gergeau, t. France, in Loiret, on
the Loire, 9 ra. S. by E. Orleans.
Jormeritz, t. Moravia, 19 ra. N. by W, Znayra.
Pop. 1,500,
Jarmuthf in Sac, Geog. t. in the plains of Ju
dah, 10 m, S, W. Jerusalem,
Jornac, or Jamac-Charente, t. France, on the
Charente, 7 m. E, Cognac, 18 N, W. Angouleme,
Jornac Champagne, t. France, in Lower Cha
rente, 6 m, S, E. Saintes,
Joromirz, t. Bohemia, at the confluence of the
Aupa and the Elbe, 71 ta, E. N, E. Prague.
Jaron, t. Persia, in Fars, 80 m, S. Shiras.
Jaroslav, city, Eu, Russia, capital of a govern
ment ofthe same name, is on the Wolga,, 146
m, N, N. E, Moscow, 360 E, S, E, St. Petersburg,
Its manufactures of Unen, silk, and Rusaia
leather, are on a large scale; and here is a noted
bell foundry. Peter the Great founded its manu
factures ; but they were brought to perfection
chiefly by John Ernest, duke of Courland, who
resided here for many years. Pop. 19,000. Lon.
40° Iff E. Lat, 67° 37' N.

350

J A V

J A X

/aroj/ai), government, Eu, Rusaia, bounded N.
by Vologda, E, by Koatroma, S. by Vladimir, and
¦W, by 'Tver, and lying between 37° 46' and 41°
15' E. lon. and 66° 44' and 68° 52' N, lat Extent,
14^000 sq. miles. Pop, 800,000,
Jaroslaw, t Auatrian Poland, in Galicia, on the
San, 48 m. W, N, W. Lemberg, 110 E, Cracow,
Pop, 7,000,
Joravina, v. Turkey, in Albania, 7 m, E, Del-
vinaki, Jarro, t, Africa, in Ludaraar, 26 m, W, Be-
nowni, Jorrie, La, t France, in Lower Charente, 6 m,
S, E, La RocheUe, 14 N, Rochefort,
Jarze, t. France, iu Maiu?-and-Loire, 17 m, N.
E, Angers, Pop, 1,500,
Jasenitz, v. Prussian states, in Pomerania,
where the Oder issuies from the Frische Haf ; 1()
m. N. Stettin.
Jasionowko, t Rlissian Lithuania, in Grodno,
17 m. N. by W. Bialystock.
Jask, t, 'Persia, in Mekran, Lon, 57° 4ff E.
Lat25°30fN, Jaslo, t. Austrian Poland, in Galicia, at the
confluence of the Jasiel and the Wistoka, 72 m, S,
_ S, W. Sendomir,
.Tasmund, peninsula of the island of Rugen, in
the Baltic,
Jasaun, t. A, Turkey, in Sivas, on the Black
aea, 76 ra. N, E, Samsoun,
Jasper, formerly Randolph, co. Geo. on the E,
side of the Oaljmulgee. Pop, 7,673, Slaves,
1,821. Chief town, Monticello,
J^ass^, t. Eu, Turkey, in Moldavia, the residence
of the hospodar or prince, and the see of the
Greek archbishop or metropolitan of the prov
ince. It was forraerly a place of great aize, but at
present it is in a ruinoua state. Jassy has been
frequently taken by the Rusaians, but, as yet, al
ways restored at the conclusion of peace. 200 m.
E, Oczakow, 370 N. Constantinople, Lon, 27°
30' 16"E, Lat 47° ff SO" N. Pop, about 15,000,
Jastrow, t. West Prussia, 67 m. W, Culm. Pop.
2,600, Jaszbereny, t. Hungary, on the Sadwa, 38 m.
E.Pest Lon, 19° 24' E. Lat 47° 2ff N, Pop,
12,000. Jauer, fortified t, Silesia, on the river Jauer, 16
m. N, W. Schweidnitz, 31 W, Breslau, Pop,
3,600, Jauernik, t. Austrian Silesia, in Troppau, Pop,
1,950. Jauflione, r. Missouri, which runs intothe Mis
sissippi, in lat. 39° 26' N.
Jaujac, or Jaulnac, t France, on the Alignon,
in Ardeche, 15 m. S. W, Privas, Pop, 1,600,
Joujemou, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the Ganges,
Lon, 80° 26' E. Lat. 26° 25' N.
Jaulnais, t. France, in Vienne, 6 ra, N, Poitiers.
Jauru, r. Brazil, in the province of Malto-
Grosso, which rises in the plains of Parexis, in
lon. 58° Sff W. lat 14° 42' S. It runs S. and falls
into the Paraguay on the W, side, in lat. 16° 24' S.
On its banks are salt-pits, from which the prov
ince of Matto-G rosso derives large supplies of
salt, Jousieres, t. France, in Lower Alpa, 4 ra, N, E.
Barcelonette. Pop. 2,200.
Jam, large isl. in the Eastern aeas, between 6°
and 9° S. lat, and 105° and 115° E. lon. 642mUes
long from E, to W. and on an average 96 broad.
. To the N, W. lies Suraatra, frora which Java ia
separated by Ui« Straits of Sunda, The island is

divided nearly in its whole length by a range of
mountains, running^ E, and W. and rising to their
greateat elevation towards the cenfre. The north
em coast is low and swampy, intersected by a
great nuraber of rivera and fine baya; whereas,
the aouth coast, as far as it haa been explored, ris^
into high and rugged hilla, and ia almost inaccessi
ble. 'The climate along the northem coast is hot
and sultry ; at Batavia, the thermoraeter seldom
falla below 76° of Fahrenheit But in the moun
tainoua diatricta it frequently descends to 60° and
in some placea to 50°. All the productionaof Eu
rope, hardly one ofwhich will flourish below, are
in these diatricta cultivated with auccesa. Java
possesses a soil of extraordinary fertility. It c8n-
sists generally of a pure vegetable mould, resting
on clay or argillaceous iron-stone, or coarse lime
stone, of a loose and porous texture. In no part
of tbe world is vegetation so richly luxuriant, or
the wants of man so easUy supplied. The staple
produce is rice, which ia cultivated nearly the
whole length of the northem coaat, many nules in
breadth, and ia brought to Batavia, and exported
in great quantitiea. Sugar, to the amount of 10
millfons of pounds annually, is made, as weU fbr
the consumption of the island as for exportation.
Most of the sugar mills are kept and worked by
the Chinese. Pepper ia produced in great abun
dance and perfection. Indigo of a very superior
quaUty is also produced here. Cotton is cultiva
ted in alraost every part of the island. The cof
fee plantations are exfreraely luxuriant. The
population of Java has been variously estimated :
by a census, said to have been taken by the Dutch
governor, in 1808, itis stated at 3,000,000; and hy
the latest surveys of the Britiah, at 5,000,000.
The inhabitants are chiefly coraposed of Java
nese ; the Malays also form a large class ; and ou
the coasts and in the seaports, there is a consider
able proportion of Chinese. — The proteased reU
gion of both the Malays aud Javanese is Mahom-
etanism, but they seem to be very careless of its
rites. Few of them obey the laws of their proph
et in abstaining from wine. The Chinese in Java
were severely taxed by the Dutch; notwithatand
ing which, they always found means, from thefr
habits of indusfry, not only to pay the tribute im
posed on them, but to accumulate wealth. Many
of them carry on a very conaiderable trade with
their native country. In all the principal towns,
they are the great capitalists. This island was
taken by the English, under Sir Samuel Auch-
mutty, in 1811, but it has been restored to the
Dutch. Java Head, the W. point of the island of Java.
Lon. 104° Sff E. Lat. 6° 47' S.
Javan, iu Sac, Geog, Uie name given by the He
brews to the country of Greece,
Java Sea, that part of the Eastern Indian sea,
which lies between Uie island of Java to the S.
Sumatra to the W, t}ie islands of Banea, Billiton,
and Borneo to the N. and the island of Celebes to
theE, Javka, t. Eu, Russia, in Cherson, 27 m, N, N,
W, Ovidiopol, 34 S, E, Tiraspol,
Javron, t. France, in Mayenne, 5 ra, N, N, W.
Vilaine, Jaworaw, t Aush-ian Poland, in GaUcia, 25 m.
W, Leraberg, Pop. 4,000.
Jaworsna, t. Poland, 30 ra, S, Warsaw,
Joxortes. See Silion.
Jaxt, r. Gerraany, in Wirteraberg, which runs
into the Neckar, opposite Wimpfen-.

JED

J E F

351

Jaxt, one of the four circles into which the
Bingdomof Wirtemberg waa divided in 1818.
Jaxtberg, t. Wirtemberg, on the Jaxt, 31 m. S.
Wurzburg. Jay, p-t. Oxford co, Maine, on the Androscog
gin, 20m. N. E. Paria.
Jay, t. Orleana co. Vt. 48 m. N. MontpeUer.
Pop. 28.
Jay, p-t, Easex co, N, Y, 24 m, W. Peru bay, in
lake Champlain, 141 m. N, Albany, Pop. 1,164.
Jayme, San, city, S, America, in the Caraccas,
and province of Varinas, 180 m. S, by W, of the
city of Caraccas. Lon, 68° Iff W, Lat 7°
4ff N,
ilaypoint, p-t. Oxford co, Maine,
Jaypore. JSee Jyenagur.
Jazer, in Sac, Geog, t, in the country E. of Jor
dan, in the tribe of Gad,
Jazira, or Algezira, territory. A, Turkey, be
tween the Euphrates and Tigris, containing part
of Bagdad and Diarbekir,
Jasyga, a smaU territory inthe E, of Hungary,
adjacent to the palatinate of Pest. Extent, 360
sq, milea. Pop. 43,000.
Jean Rabel, t. St Domingo, iu lat, 19° 56' N,
and lon. 73° 7' W, 4 leaguea E, ofthe Mole, 32 W,
Cape Francois, Jean Rabel point forms a good
anchorage. Jebel Ocrab. See Cassius mount.
Jebel Tolosa, mt, Syria, near the S. coast of the
bay of Alexandretta, 20 m. S, W. Alexandretta,
Jebenhausen, v. Wirtemberg, near Goppingen,
Pop, 2,400.
Jebna, t Palestine, on the site of the ancient
Gath, 10 ra. S. Jaffa.
Jecke, r. Netherlands, which falls into the
Maese at Maesfricht
Jed, r. Scotland, in Roxburgh co. which falla
into the Teviot, about 2 ra. below Jedburgh.
Jedburgh, a royal hurgh, Scotiand, and cap. of
Roxburgh CO. ia on the N. bank of the Jed. It
was forraerly a place of sfrength, and one of the
chief towms on the English border, but declined
after the union of the two kiugdoraa. It has late
ly revived, the woollen manufacture having been
established here in 1770. Within the last ten or
twelve years raore especially, great iraprove
ments have taken place. Pop, in 1813, 2,827. 1 1
ra. W. Kelso, 46 S. Edinburgh.
Jedo, or Jeddo, a great city of Japan, and one
of the capitals of the empire, being the residence
of the Kubo Saraa, or civil and military ruler,
Meaco, the residence of the spiritual emperor,
was the original capital, and is stiU in some de
gree considered as such ; but since the Kubo Sa
raa has fixed hia reaidence at Jedo, that city has
far eclipsed the other in raagnitude and splendor.
Its magnificence is not probably surpassed by that
of any city in Asia, • AU the princes and great
men are obliged to make it their residence for
half the year. It contains, therefore, many splendid
>palaces, which stand by themselves, surrounded
by large court yards and stately galea. All these
are eclipsed, however, by the palace of the em
peror, which is aurrounded with walls and ditches,
and contains several fortified buildings, that have
the appearance of castles. The centre ofthe in
closure contains the palace, or residence of the
emperor. Behind the palace are gardens and
orchards of great extent and beauty. The
city is said to be seven railes long, five broad, and
twenty incircumferenre, Itstands on a great

hay at the mouth of a large river. Besides being
the residence of the monarch, Jedo ia the seat of
an extensive commerce,, and containa raany flour
iahing raanufactures. Lon, 140° E, Lat 36° 30'
N. Pop. eatiraated at 1,000,000.
Jedrzeiow, t.' Poland, 43 m. N, by E, Craco-yv.
Jefferson, p-t, Lincoln co. Maine, 28 ra. N. E.
Wiacasset Pop, 1,205,
Jefferson, p-t Cooa co, N. H. 77 ra, N, Concord.
Pop. 200,
Jefferson, co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario and the riv
er St. Lawrence, bounded E. by St. Lawrence
and Lewia cos. and S. by Oswego co. Pop, 15, 144.
Chief town, Waterto wn.
Jefferson, t. Schoharie co. N. Y. 20 ra. S. W.
Schoharie, 48 S. of W. Albany. Pop, 1,740, It is on
the height of land between Mohawk river, and the
Susquehannah and Delaware rivers,
Jefferson, t. Morria co, N, J, Pop, 1,281,
J^erson, co, in the N, W. part of Pa, Pop, 161,
Jefferson, p-t, Greene co. Pa, Pop, 1, 1 14,
, Jefferson, co, Va. on the Potomac. Pop. 11,861.
Slavea, 3,632. Chief town, Charlestown.
Jefferson, co, Geo, on Ogechee river. Pop.
6,111, Slaves, 2,336, Chieftown, LouisvUle,
Jefferson, p-t, and cap. Camden co, Geo, on, thp
S. side of SatiUa river, 50 m, S, W, Darien, 20 N,
St Mary's,
Jefferson, p-t, and cap, Jackson co, Geo.
Jefferson, co.'Alabama.
Jefferson, co. Miarissippi, on the river Miaaiaaip
pi. Pop. in 1816, 4,906. Slaves, 2,368. Chief
town, Greenville.
Jefferson, co, East-Tennessee, on the S, side of
the Holston. Pop. 7,309, Slaves, 783, Chief
town, Dandridge,
Jefferson, p-t, Rutherford co. Tennessee.
Jefferson, co. Ken, ou Ohio river Pop, 13,399,
Slaves, 3,347, Chieftown, LouiaviUe,
Jefferson, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop, in
1816, 15,000, Chieftown, SteubenviUe.
Jefferson, t. Jefferaon co. Ohio, 12 ra, N, Steu
benviUe, Jefferson, t. Adaraa co, Ohio,
Jefferson, p-t. and cap. Aahtabula co. Ohio, 10
ra. N. from Lake Erie, 35 N. Warren.
Jefferson, t. Fayette co. Ohio.
Jefferson, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 10 ra, E,Colum-
bua. Pop. in 1819, 440,
Jefferson, t. Guernsey co, Ohio, 6 ra, N, E, Cam
bridge, Jefferson, t, Logan co. Ohio, Pop, in 1815, 540.
Jefferson, t. Montgomery eo, Ohio, on the Miarai,
10 ra, below Dayton,
Jeffersonft. Madison co. Ohio.
Jefferson, t. Muskingum co,phio, on Muskingum
river, 12 ra, above Zanesville,
Jefferson, p-t. Pickaway co, Ohio, 3 m. S. Cir-
clevUle, 28 from Columbus.
Jefferson, t. Preble co. Ohio.
Jefferson, t, Richland co. Ohio.
¦ J^erson, t. Roas co. Ohio, on Scioto river, 6 m.
below ChUUcothe. Pop. in 1819, 1,536.
Jefferson, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 10m.
above Portsmouth.
Jefferson, co. Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop. m
1816, 4,093. Chieftown, Madison.
Jefferson, co. Ulinois.
Jefferson, co. Missouri.
Jefferson, t. Cooper co. Missouri.
Jefferson, r, Missouri Territory, which rises
among the Rocky mountains, and unites with
Gallatin and Madison rivers, to form the Missouri.

352

JEN

Jeffersonton, p-v. Culpeper co. Va.
Jeffersanton, p-v. Ashe co. N. C.
Jeffersantown, p-t. Jefferaon co. Ken.
Jeffersonville, t. TazeweU co. Va, 55 ra, N, W,
Inglesville, 135 from Curaberland gap,
Jeffersonville, p-t Clarke co, Indiana, on Ohio
river, just above the falls, and opposite LouisviUe,
Ken, The town is situated on elevated ground,
commanding a fine view ofthe river and its banks.
It is regularly laid out, and contains a bank, land-
office, ahd market-house . Pop. in 1 8 1 9, about 500,
Below the town is a fine harbour for boats. It ia
expected that a canal will be made round the falls,
coramencing above this place. Should this canal
be formed, JeffersonviUe will become a place of
importance. Jeffrey's creek, r. S, C, which runs into the
Great Pedee,
Jeffrey's ledge, a sand bank on the coast of Mass.
¦between Cape Ann and Casco bay. Lon. 69° 31'
W. Lat 43° ffN.
Jeffrie's store, p-v. Nottaway co. Va.
Jefremov, t. Russia, 73 m. S. by E. Tula. Pop.
2,200. Jegun, t. France, in Gers, 11 m, N, W. Auch,
Lon, 0° 32/ E, Lat. 43° 46' N. Pop. 2,100,
Jehanagare, t. Bengal, on Hoogly river, 3m,W.
Nuddeah, Jejury, t Hind, in Bejapore, Lon, 74° 17' E.
Lat 18° IffN. ¦*
Jekil-Irmak, (an. Iris,) t. Asia Minor, which
falls into Vne Black sea at Samsoon,
Jekyl. ~SeeJykiU.
Jelalttbad, city of A%hanistaii, in Cabul, Lon,
69° 4ff E. Lat, 34° 6' N,
Jelotma. See Elalma.
Jekzenskaia-crepost, fort in Tobolsk, A, Rusaia,
on the right bank of the Irtyach, Lat. 53° 51' N,
Jellasir, t. Hind, in Agra, Lon, 78° 13' E. Lat,
27° Sff N,
Jellasore, t. Bengal, on the Subaureeka, Lon,
87° 25' E. Lat. 21° Sff N,
JelUnghy, t. Bengal, on a branch ofthe Gangea,
Lon. 88° 42' E, Lat 24° ff N.
Jelna, t. Russia, 42 m, E, by S. Smolensko,
Jekchau. See JoUva.
Jelton lake. ¦. See Elton.
Jellsch, Upper and Lower, v. Silesia, on the
Oder, 3 ra, E. S, E. Breslau.
Jemappe, p-v. Caroline co, Va.
Jemappes. See Gemappe.
Jemarrow, territory, W, Africa, on the S, bank
ofthe Garabia, 120 m, from the aea,
Jemaulabad, t. India, in Can'ara. Lon, 76°
24' E. Lat, 13° N,
Jemba, araall r, A. Russia, which falls into the
Caspian sea, in lon. 54° 3' E. lat, 46° 57' N.
Jemlah, district, Hindostan, between 30° and
31° N'. lat
Jemme, el, (an. Tisdra,) t. Tunis, in Africa, 90
ra, S. Tunia,
Jemmingem, or Jemgum, t Eaat Friesland, 8 ra,
S, E, Emden,
Jemnits. See Jamnitz.
Jemptland. See Jamtland.
Jen a, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of Saxe-
Weimar, on the Saale, celebrated for ita univerai
ty. Like other German universities, it has four
facultic, divinity, law, medicine, and philosophy,
which are taught by 18 regular and 15 extraor
dinary professors : there are besides, 10 or 12
private teachers in Uie town. The nuraber of
¦itudrnls in 1818. 'ivas about 600. 43 m. P. W-

J E R
Leipsic, 13 E, by S. Weimar, Lon, 11° 37' £•
Lat50°6ffN, Pop, 5,000, Jena has acquired
notoriety as the scene of the great battie of the
14th October, 1806, which by one fatal blow, over
threw the Pruasian monarchy,
Jende, lake, Eu, Russia, iuFinland, which com
municates with the gulf of Finland.
Jeneahgur,or Jagneh, t and celebrat ed fortress,
Hind, in Bejapore, or Aurungabad, Lon, 73° 45'
E, Lat 20° 15' N,
Jenghije, v. Irak Arabi, on the Tigris, 12 m, N.
W, Bagdad,
Jenhat, diatrict. Hind, in Lahore, Chieftown,
Gujerat >
Jessaul, diatrict, Hind, in Lahore, between 31°
and 32° N, lat f
Jenikakh, fortreas, Eu, Russia, iu the govern
ment of Taurida, on the narrowest part of the
atrait of Taman, which connects the aea of Azoph
with the Black sea. 90 m. E. Levkopol, Lon,
36° 25' E, Lat 45° 21' N,
Jenizza, or Jenidsche Vardar, t En. Turlcey, in
Macedon, on a lake which communicates with the
gulfof SaJonica, by a canal 12 miles long. It was
the ancient Fella, and the birth-place of Alexander
the Great 24 m, W. N. W. Salonica, 20 E.
Edessa. Lon. 22° Sff E. Lat 40° 4ff N. ¦ Pop,
6,000, Jenkin'sBay, bay of the island of St Enstatins,
where the French froopa landed in 1781, when
they took the island,
Jenkintown, p-v, Montgomery co. Pa, 11 m, N,
Philadelphia, Jenne, city, Central Africa, on the Niger, 125
m,N. E, Sego,
Jenner, p-t. Somerset co. Pa.
Jennings, co. Indiana. Chief to-wn, Vernon;
Jenning's Island, smaU isl. in the gulf of Flori
da, near the coast of East Florida. Lon. 80° 28'
W. Lat 25° 2ff N.
Jeremie, t. St, Doraingo, on the W. side of the
bay of Leogane, 1 1 leagues N. Port a Piment, and
8 E. Cape Dame Marie, Point Jeremie Ues in
lon. 73° 7' W. Lat. 18° 42' SO" N.
Jericho, ancient city, Judea, celebrated in scrip
ture hiatory. It is now a poor dirty viUage, per
petuaUy exposed to be plundered by the Arabs,
It is situated, however, iu the midst of a fine pas
toral plain, watered by the Jordan, and which
produces in abundance the celebrated medicine of
the balm of GUead, 18 m. E. N. E. Jerusalem.
Jericho, p-t. Chittenden co, Vt on Onion river,
12 m.E, BurUngton, Pop, 1,186,
Jericho, p-v. in 03rster-bay, N. Y.
Jericho. See Bainbridge.
Jerichow, t. Prussian Saxony, ou the Elbe, 3m.
N. N. E. Magdeburg.
Jerim, t. Yemen, in Arabia, 80 m, N, E, Mo
cha, Jermah. See Gci-ma,
Jermuk, (an, Hieromax,) r. Syria, which falls
into the S. part of the lake of Tiberias.
Jeromestown, Indian v. Wayne co. Ohio.
•TcromesmUe, p-t. Wayne co. Oliio. 15 m. W.
Wooster, Jcrsfi/, t Steuben co, (N, Y.) E, of Bath,
Jersey city, or Pceulus Hook, p-t. Bergen co, N. J,
onthe Hudson, opposite New- York, 9 E, Newark,
29 E. Morristown,
Jersey, Isk af, a thriving and very populous isl
and in the English channel, 17 railea from the
French coast. It is 12 miles long, and on an ave
rage 5 broad. Extent, 40,000 acres, or 624 square

J E R
mfles. Pop, in 1806, 22,855, A barrier of rooks
nearly encircles the whole island. The cUmate is
exceedingly mild, the soil fertile, and the situation
well adapted to comraerce. The principal pro
duction is cider, of which 24,000 hhds, are made
annually. The inhabitants, though nominally
subject to England, are really free : they make
their own laws, are exempt from naval and milita
ry service, and from the dominion ofthe EngUah
church ; have the benefit of a free port, and trade
-with the enemiea of England, even in tirae of
war ; above all, they are free frora the taxea with
which the mother counfry ia loaded. In 1812,
59 vessels, altogether of 6,000 tons burden, and
navigated by 550 seamen, belonged to the island.
The island having been occupied as a great railita
ry depot, various forfresses have been erected on
it The coast is also defended by a chain of mar-
teUo towers, and by numerous redoubts and bat
teries, Lon, of St Aubin, 2° 11' W, Lat 49°
IffN, Jersey shore, p-t, Lycoming co. Pa, on the W,
branch ofthe Susquehannah, 16 m, W, WUUams-
port, 55 N, W, Sunbury,
Jersey town, p-t, Northumberland co. Pa,
Jams' Bay, bay, New Holland, in lat 35° S,
Jervis' Canal,inlet onthe N, W, coast of Amer
ica, Lat49°4ffN,
Jervis, Cape, point, on the S, coast of New Hol
land, oppoaite Kangarou ialand,
Jerusalem, an ancient and celebrated city of
Aaia^ capital of the ancient Judea, and the mod
em Palestine, It ia auppoaed to be the Salera men
tioned in Genesis; but when the Israelites entered
the land of Canaan, it was called Jebua, from the
Jebusitea, whose capital it was, and who were not
completely expelled, till the reign of David, That
monarch made Jerusalem the capital of his king
dom. ' Solomon, on succeeding to the throne, sur
rounded it with afronger and better walls, and
adorned the interior with that temple, the splen
dour ofwhich 'Was ao much admired in the ancient
world. On the separation of the kingdoms, after
the death of Solomon, Jerusalem became the capi
tal of Judah, tiU A. C. 417, when Nebuchadnezzar
put an end to the kingdom, and carried Idng Jehoi-
achin captive to Babylon, The second temple built
by Cyrus, was finished A. C. 5 15. During the reign
of Tiberias, Jerusalem was rendered memorable by
the death and resurrection of our Lord and Sav
iour Jesus Christ, who was crucified on Friday,
April 3d, at 3 o'clock P; M. on Mount Calvary, a
hUl on the N, aide ofthe city. The city was taken
and destroyed by Titus, A. D. 70, At the siege,
according to Josephus, 97,000 prisoners ieU into
the hands of the conqueror, 1 1,000 perished with
hunger, and the whole number slain and fallen
prisoners, during the war, was 1,460,000, In
130, Adrian erected on its ruina a Roman town,
which he caUed Aelia Capitolina. Thia name re
mained tiU, by the conversion of Conatantine,
Christianity became the ruling religion ofthe Ro
man empire, Jerusalem then resumed its original
name, and became an object of pious veneration,
fhe empress Helena, at the advanced age of eigh
ty,' repaired to the holy city, and caused a hand-
somefabric to be erected, called the church of the
holy sepulchre, which was supposed to include all
the spots connected with the crucifixion and en
tombment of our Saviour, Aa the empire became
more generally Christian, Jerusalem became the
resort of numerous pilgrims of all descriptions, sex
es, ages, and nations. In 636, it feU into Uie hands
ofthe Saracens, who allowed the Christians to re-
45

J E R

353

sort thither as formerly, upon the payment of a
considerable tax ; so that Jerusalem was nearly
aa much frequented aa ever, tiU the inroad of the
Turks, in 1076. The Turks committed auch outra-
gea on the pilgrima, that they could no longer viait
the holy aepulchre in safety. The report of these
violences being carried to Europe, produced the
Crusades ; the firat reault of which was, to wrest
Jerusalem frora the hands of the infidela. It was
taken in 1099, by the array under Godfrey of Bou
illon, and was ruled during upwards of sixty
years, by five Latin kings, when it yielded to the
arma of Saladin, After changing successively its
Moslem masters, it was annexed to the Turkish
empire, ofwhich it atill forma a part. Under the
dominion of the Turka, it appeara to be in a
state of gradual decline. It has been exposed at
once to the oppression ofthe Pachas and the inroads
of the Arabs. Dr. Clarke, however, in his recent
visit, by no meana found it to preaent that aspect of
desolation which sorae travellers have reported. On
obtaining the first view of it in the approacli from
the north, instead of a wretched and ruined town,
he beheld a flourishing and stately metropolis,
presenting a raagnificent asserablage of domea,
towers, palaces, churches, and monasteries ; all of
which,glittering in the sun's rays,ahone with incon
ceivable aplendour. The streets of Jerusalem are
cleaner than those of any other city of the Levant ;
but like all o'f them, are very narrow. The
houses are lofty, and as no windows appear on any
of the lower stories, and those above are latticed,
the passage appears to be between blank walls.
The present population is estiraated, though by
vague conjecture, at 20,000 or 30,000. The most
aplendid edifice which the city now containa, is
the raoaque, erected in the aeventh century, by
the caliph Omar. It appeared to Dr. Clarke au
perior to any exaraple of modern architecture in
the Turkiah empire, even to the celebrated
raoaque of St. Sophia. It ia built upon the site of
the temple. The edifice, which has always been
the object of visitation and respect to Christian pil
grims, is the church of the holy sepulchre. Al
though this place, however, has been so long re
vered and visited by Chriatian pilgrims, au em
inent modern traveller aeems to have proved that
it cannot possibly have been the theatre of the
great events which have been so often comraemo-
rated upon it. It is certain there is not the least
trace ofa hill, such as Calvary is described to be,
the ground being entirely plain, except the small
rise of about 20 steps leading up to the altar, the
supposed scene of crucifixion. The sacred scenes
which Jerusalem presents,have renderedit long the
abode of numerous monks. These consisted origi
naUy of various nations and profeaaiona, each of
which had a quarter assigned to it ; but the num
ber has of late been reduced to four, the Latins,
Greeks, Armenians, and Copts. Eachfraternityhas
altara and a sanctuary apecially allotted to their own
uae. The manufacturea of Jeruaalera are confined
almost exclusively to one branch, that of beads,
crosses, sheUs, and other objects, supposed to de
rive sanctity from their local origin. Lon. 35°
2ff E. Lat. 31' 47' 47" N,
Jerusalem, called also Africaner's Kraal, and
Peace Mountain, a station ofthe London Mission
ary Society, in Namaqualand, in S. Africa.
Jerusalem, t. Ontario co. N- Y, 20 m, S. Canan
daigua, 18 from Geneva, Pop, 450. This town
is the chief residence of the followers of Jemima
"Wilkinson. Jerianlrm, p-v. in Benton, N. Y.

354

J I B

J O A

Jerusalem. See Funkstown,
Jerusalem, p-t, Southarapton co, Va, on Notta
way river, 32 m, S, Petersburg, 76 S, Richmond,
Jest, t. Italy, in Marca d' Ancona, on the river
Esino, 23 ra, N, E. Loretto, 16 W. S, W, Ancona,
Lon, 13° Iff E, Lat 40° 31' N, Pop, 5,000, It ia
the aee of a bishop,
Jesselmere, diatrict, Hind, in Ajraeer, about 28°
N. lat Jesselmere, the capital, is in lon, 72° 16'
E, lat 27° 44' N, ¦
, Jeisen, t. Saxony, on the Black Elster, 56 m,
W, N, W, Dreaden, Pop, 1,000,
Jessnits, t Germany, in the duchy of Anhalt-
Deasau, 30 m. N. Leipaic. Pop. 1,700.
Jesso, or Matsmai, a large ial. off the E. coast of
Asia, immediately N, ofthe ialands of Japan, being
separated from Niphon only by a narrow strait,
ft is 160 miles long, and 80 broad. The original
inhabitants are the Ainos, who have been already
described. The level and fertile districts, which
lie chiefly on the sea coast, are occupied by the
Japanese, The capital, Matsraai, ia at the aouth
ern extremity of the island, and ia aaid to contain
SD,000 inhabitants,
Jessore, district, Bengal, N. E, of Calcutta, Jes
sore, the capital, is on the W. side of the Boirub
river, on the road from Calcutta to Dacca, Lon,
89° 16' E, Lat. 23° '7' N,
Jesuit's Rocks, rocks near the coast of Brazil,
Lat 17° 48' S,
Jesup, t. Huron co- Ohio,
Jesus, t. Mexico, in San Luia de Potozi,
' Jesus, Isk of. See Isle Jesus.
.Tesus Island, small isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon,
162° 35' E, Lat 6° Sff S,
Jesus Maria, the most aouthern ofthe Admiral
ty ialanda, Lon, 145° 2ff E, Lat 2° 22' S.
Jesus Maria de los Mantes, t. Buenoa Ayres, 60
m, S, Santa Cruz de la Sierra la Nueva,
Jettingen, t. Bavaria, on the Mindel, 14 ra. S.by
W, Dillingen, Pop, 1,500.
Jetse, or Jeese, r. Prussia, in the Old Mark of
Brandenburg, which falla into the Elbe in Lune
burg. Jever, district in the N. W. of Germany, on the
German ocean, between East Friesland and the
duchy of Oldenburg, to which last it belongs. Ex
tent, 106 sq. miles. Pop.' 17,000.
Jever, t. Grand duchy of Oldenburg, 34 ra, N, by
W, Oldenburg, Poji. 3,500,
Jeu-Mailloche, t France, in Indre, 18 m. N, W,
Chateauroux, Jewells city, p-v. in Griswold, New-London co.
Ct 6 m. N. E. Norwich,
Jeypore. See Jyenagur.
-.Jesdkast. See Yesdikhast.
Jezira ul Omar, (an, Bezabde,) t, Kurdiatan, on
the Tigris.
Jesreel, in Sac. Geog. t Palestine, in the tribe of
Manasseh. It was for a long time the residence
ofthe kings of Israel. Near it is the valley of Es
draelon, Jhalawdn, territory of Persia, the S, province
of Beloochistan,
Jhansi, t. Hind, in Allahabad, Lon. 71° 45' E.
Lat 25° 31' N,
Jhansa, castie in Thibet. Lpn, 89° 23' E. Lat,
28° 5ff N.
Jibbd Aureus, or Auras, mountaina in the S,
part ofthe province of Constantina, und territory
of Algiers, 120 miles in circuit. It ia a large Iniot
of einincnecs, running one into Uiiothcr, witli sev
eral beautiful vaUiea intervening. Almost the
'n.'holeofit. hnwever, i,' extreraely fertile, Jt i<^

inhabited by a number of native tribes, who eujoy
their own laws, andlive nearly independent. An
cient ruins are spread over these mountains and
their intervening vallies.
Jibbel Iskel, (an. Mons Cemo) m-t. Tunis, 15
m. S. W. Bizerta. . ,
Jichmori, t. Eu. Russia, in Lithuania, 12 m. W.
Wilna. Jidda, or Judda, s-p, Arabia, on the shore of
the Red sea. It may be considered as the port of
Mecca, and ia aupported partiy by maintainiiig the
trade with India and Egypt, and partly by the
concourae of pilgrima. It is situated in a barren
sandy district, destitute of water. The EngUah
are the only European nation who carry on a
trade here, and it was forraerly considerable ; but
the nuraerous exactions to which they were ex
posed have now reduced it to a low ebb. The im
ports consist alraost exclusively of piece goods
from the coast of Coromandel ; to which is added
a small quantity of spices, beetle-nut, opium, su
gar, tin, and tobacco. Almost the only export is
coffee. Lon. 39° 16' E. Lat21°2ffN. Pop. 6,000.
Jiddaon, district. Hind, between Cashmere and
the river Indus, about 34° N, lat
Jigat Point, t Hind, situated at the S. extrem
ity of Gujerat Lon. 69° 7' E. Lat. 22=* 12' N.
Jigitonhonha, r, Brazil, in Minas Geraes, and
district of Cerro do Frio, famed for the diamonds
found in its bed, to collect which great works
have been estabUshed on its banks. It flows into
a larger river, called Rio Grande, which enters
the AUantic in lat. 16° 20' S. near Porto Seguro.
Jihon, or Gihon, the name of several rivers iu
Asia, the principal of which empties into the aea
of Aral on the S,«ide. It ia the ancient Oxus, and
formerly flowed into the Caspian, but the Tartars
changed its course. Its whole length is about 900
miles. It is also caUed the Amu, or AmoL .
Jijel, s-p, Algiera, in Conatantina, 30 m, E, N,
E, Boujeiali,
Jillifree, t Africa, in Barra, on the S. bank rf
the Gambia, near its mouth. Lon, 16° 7' W. Lat,
13° Iff N,
Jillootia, t. Hind, in Oude, half way between
Cawnpore and Lucknow,
Jimmel, t. Tunis, in Africa, 27 ra. E, S, E. Kair
wan, Jinnett, s-p. Algiers, on the Mediterranean, at
Uie mouth ofthe 'Yisaer, 33 m. E, Algiers, *„
Joachim, t, Jefferaon co. Missouri.
Joachihvsihal, t Bohemia. In the neighbour
hood are rich mines of sih'cr and cobalt. 60 m. N.
E. Dresden. Lon. 12° 53' E. Lat 60° 20' N. Pop.
3,700. Joachimsthal, t. Brandenburg, 19 m, S. Prentz-
low, 36 N, N, E, BerUn. Lon, 13° 55' E, Lat 63°
ffN, Jaag, t. W. Africa, cap, of Kajaaga, Lon. 10°
W, Lat, 14° 27' N,
Jaal, s-p, on the W. coast of Africa, in Bar-Sin,
It admits vessela drawing ten feet of -water,
Joana, fort and town, on the N, coaat of Java.
Lon. 111° IffE. Lat 6° 4ffS.
Joanna, or .injouan, the largest of the Com-
morro islands, oft'Uio E. coast of Africa, 30 miles
long and 15 broad. It is entirely mountainoua, and
exhibita a very picturesque appearance. The
sovereign of Joanna takes the titie of Sultan, and
formerly bore away over the whole group of the
Conimorro ialanda, from which he atill makea a
claim of tribute, Grose reckona the population at
1'30,000 ;. but M. Capmartin, a much more recent
visitor, supposes that it does uot exceed six or sev-;

J O H
ea thousand. In fact, this and the other Commor-
ro islands have beeu desolated for thirty years, by
the inroads of a band of most desperate pirates,
called the Marati or Malgaches, who have eatab
lished themselves on the N. W. coast of Madagas
car. Thia island ia considerably frequented by
Europeana, and particularly by Engliah veaaela,
for water and provisions. Lon. 44° 30 E. Lat. 12°
64' S.
Joannes, also caUed Marajo, isl. at the mouth of
the river Amazon, 160 miles long, and 92 broad.
It is much cultivated, aud producea maize, plan
tains, and augar canes.
Joannina, a large and flouriahing city of Euro
pean Turkey, the capital of Albania. The situa
tion and environs are extremely beautiful. The
population of Joannina appeara to be between
35,000 and 40,000 compoaed of Greeks and Alba
nians, and in a small proportion (about a tenth) of
Turks and Jews. Their language is the Romaic
ormodem Greek. It is chiefly known aa the cap
ital of the celebrated AU Pacha, a chief -who, in
this part of the Ottoman empire, exerciaes an al
most unlimited power, and who has brought un
der his dominion, not only the whole of .Albania
and ancient Epfrus, but also a considerable part
of Thessaly. .Hia annual revenue is 500,000/. ;
his regular force about 10,000 men ; hia militia,
40,00(1. Joannina is the see of an archbishop. 70
m. W. Larissa, (in Thessaly) 115 S. W. Salonica,
aud about400 W. by S. Constantinople, Lon, 21°
3ffE. Lat 39° SO'N.
Joanpore, district, Hind, in Allahabad, between
the Gogra and Ganges, It ia fertile and well cul
tivated. The inhabitants are nearly in equal pro
portions of Mahometans and Hindoos, It is in pos
session of the British, Joanpore, the capital, in
the 15th century, was the most celebrated city of
Hindostan, and the resort of all the learned men of
the age. Many of the Mosques, and some ofthe
caravansaries and colleges built at that period,
are still in existence, 'The fortress ia on a high
bank of the river Gooraty, and ia built of atone.
Joanpore is now the station of a civil establish
ment, of judge, &c, and of a battalion of native
infantry, Lon. 82° 39' E, Lat 26° 45' N.
Jaar, t W. Africa, on the Garabia, in B ur Salum.
Jabstown, p-t Burlington co, N, J.
Jocelyn. See Josselin.
Jockgrim, or Jockenum, t. Bavarian province of
the Rhine, 9 ra. S. E. Landau. Pop. 800.
Jodar, t Spain, in Jaen, 7 ra. S. S. E. Bacza.
Lon. S° 26' W. Lat. 37° Sff N. Pop. 3,200.
Joffers Island, sraall isl. on the coast of Norway,
,about 3 m. N. N. E. Long Sound.
Jogigopa, t Bengal, on the Brahraapootra. Lon.
90° Sff E. Lat 26° 12'N.
Johannesberg, or Bischoffsberg, v. and caatle of
the duchy of Nassau, in the W. of Germany, It
ia famed for the beat species of Rhenish wine, 18
m. W, Mentz,
Johann-Geargerv-Stodt, t. Saxony, in the circle
of the Erzgebirge, 24 ra, S, Cheranitz, 64 S, W,
Dresden, Pop, 2,660,
Johahnisburg, or Hansbork, t, E, Prussia, on the
Tysch, 88 m, S, S, E, Konigsberg, Lon. 22° 2/ E.
Lat 63° 22' N. Pop. 1,200.
Johannistadt, t Prussian province ofthe Lower
Rhine, on the Sarre, opposite Sarrebruck.
- Johannisthal, t. Moravia, in Troppau, 12 ra,*N.
N. W. Jagerndorf,
Johlingen, v, Baden, 8 m, N, by E, Carlsruhe,
Pop. 1^700,

J O L

355

Johns, t Franklin co, Missouri,
Johnsburg, t. Warren co, N, Y, 23 ra, N, W,
Caldwell, Pop, 661,
Johnskaven, t, Scotland, in Kincardine, 9 m, N,
by E, Monfrose, Pop, 1,000,
John's Island, on the coast of S. C, between
Stono river and North Edisto inlet,, which sepa
rates it from Edisto island, 20 m. S, W, Charles
ton, It is about 12 miles long, and 6 broad, ^ The
weat part is aeparated from the raain part of the
ialand by a snjall creek, and called Wadmalaw.
Stono river afforda a good harbor for veasels,
John's island ia very productive in cotton. It con
tains, with Wadmelaw, about 70 plantations, and
about half that number of resident plaiiters.
Here are 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1
for EpiacopaUana. 'The plantera reraain on the
island only during the winter, and in summer re-
aide with their families in Charleston.
Johnson, p-t Franklin co. Vt. on Lamoil river,
28 m. N, E, Burlington, Pop, 494.
Johnson, co. N, C. watered by Neuse and Little
rivera. Pop, 6,867, Slaves, 2,330, Chieftown,
Smithfield, Johnson, co. Illinois, on the Ohio, Fop, in
1818, 678, At the rourt-house is a post-office,
Johnson, Fort, S. C, on Jaraes island, at the en
france of Charleston harbor,
Johnsonsburg, p-t, Suasex co, N, J, 10 ra, from
Newtown, Johnson's Paint, cape, on the S, W. coast o f
Antigua. Lon, 61° Sff W. Lat 17° 10' N.
Johnson's settlement, p-v. Tioga co. N. Y.
John's river, N, H, whiohtfalls into Connecti
cut river, in Dalton, at the 15 mile falls,
Johnston, t Providence co. R, 1. 5 m, N, Provi
dence, Pop, 1,516,
Johnston, t TrurabuU co, Ohio, 16 ra, N, W.
Warren, Johnston, Fart, N. C, on the W, bank of Cape
Fear river, at ita raouth,
Johnston' s Island. See Lord North' s Island.
Johnston's store, p-v. Lancaster co, S. C,
Johnston's Straits, channel between the ialand
of Quadra-and- Vancouver, and theN. W, coast
of Araerica, Lon, 233° to 234° 4ff E, Lat 50°
20' to 50° 35' N,
Johnstown, v. Scotland, in Renfrew, 4 m, W,
Paialey, Pop. 3,647.
Johnstown, district, Up. Canada, on the river
St. Lawrence.
Johnstown, v. in Edwardsburg, Up. Canada,
just above the upper rapida in the river St. Law
rence. Johnstowu, p-t and cap. Montgomery co. N, Y,
on the Mohawk, 41 m. W. Albany, 45 N. Coop
erstown. Pop. 6,226. The village of Johnstown
is about 4 m. N. of the river, on Canada creek.
It containa a courthouse and jail, an academy,
and 2 churches, 1 Episcopal and 1 Presbyterian.
Johnstovm, p-t. Licking co. Ohio, 20 m, N, W-,
Newark, Johnstown-mills, p-v. Cambria co. Pa,
Johore, t, Malacca, near the S. extremity of
that peninsula, on a river which falls into the
atraita of Sincapure, <
Joigny, t. France, in Yonne, 34 ra, S, W.
Troyes. Lon, 3° 2ff E, Lat 47° 6ff N, Pop, 5,400.
Voinrj//c, t. France, on the Marne, 70 ra. S. S,
E. Rheims, Lon, 5° 2ff E, Lat 48° 20' N, Pop,
3,200, JoUiet, aeigniory, Dorchester co. Lower Cana
da, on the river Chaudiere, 20 m, S, Quebec-

356

JOR

J U A

Jolsva, or Jelscliau, t. Hungary, 1 1 m, N, Gomer.
Jolut, isl. near the W. coast of East Green
land. Lon. 46° 6ff W, Lat 60° 66' N,
Jonas Island, in the sea of Ochotsk, Lon, 216°
44' 16" W, Lat 56° 25' 30" N,
JonasviUe, p-v. Alleghany co, Md,
Jandely Cape, on the S, ooast of the island of
Ivica, Lon. 1° Iff E, Lat 38° 60'N,
Jones, CO, N, CaroUna, on the Trent, Pop,
4,968, Slaves, 2,376, Chief to-wn, Trenton,
Jones, CO, Geo, on the E. side of the Oakmul
gee, Pop, 8,597, Slaves, 2,587, Chief town,
CUnton, Jonesborough, or ChandlersviUe, p-t, Washing
ton CO, Maine, 12 ra. W, Machiaa, Pop, 553,
Jonesborough, p-t, and cap, Washington co.
East Tennessee, 26 m, from Greenville, 101 E,
KnoxviUe, 40 fr, Abingdon, (Va.)
Janesburg, p-t, and cap, Camden co, N, C, 66
m, S, Norfolk,
Janesburg, t. and cap. Union co, Illinoia,
Janes, Cape, in Hudaon'a bay, Lon, 79° W,
Lat 68° 5ff N,
Janes' Island, ial. in Hudaon'a bav, Lon, 63°
W, Lat 61° 52' N,
Jones' Key, small ial, in the Spanish Main,
near the Mosquito shore, Lon, 82° 27' W, Lat
15° Sff N,
Jones' mills, p-v. Cambria co. Pa,
Jones' store, p-v. Halifax cq, N, C,
Jonestown, or WiUiamsburg, p-t, Lebanon co.
Pa, at the junction of Little Swetara with Swe
tara river, 23 ra, N, E, by E, Harrisburg, 89 N,
W, Philadelphia,
Jonesville, t. Lee co, Va,
Janesvilk, formerly Martinsboro', p-v. Surry
CO, N, c:
Jonkakonda, t. Africa, in Yani, on the N, side of
the Gambia, 25 m, S. W. Pisania.
Jankioping, govemraent of Sweden, coraprising
the N. part of the province of Sraaland, Extent,
3,200 sq, railes. Pop, 117,400.
Jankioping, t Sweden, and cap, of the above,
is on a peninsula forraed by the lakes Wetter,
Monk, and Roth, It is the aeat of the high courts
of jiistice for the prorince of Gothland. 86 m.
E, Gottenburgh, 156 S, W, Stockholm, Lon, 13°
Sff E. Lat57°4ff N.
Jotiquieres, t, France, in Vaucluse, 4 ra, E, Or
ange, 8 W, Carpentras,
Jonquieres. See Mortigues.
Jonsac, t. France, in Lower Charente, 13 m. N,
N,W. Montlieu, Pop, 2,500.
Joogdea, or Jugdyo, t Bengal, near the sea, at
the raouth of the Little Fenny river. Jjon. 91°
12' E. Lat, 20° Sff N,
.Tooria, s-p. Hind, in Gujerat, Lon, 70° 40' E,
Lat 22? 40' N,
Joosy, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the Gangea,
opposite AUahabad. Lon, 81° 52' E, Lat, 25°
27'. N.
Joppa. See Jaffa.
Joppa, t Harford co. Md. 20 ra, E. by N, Balti
raore. Jordan, r. Paleatine, and the only atreara of ira
portance by which that country is -watered. It
riaea in the mountain called Jebel Sheik, the an
cient Hermon, and pasaing by CiEsarea Philippi,
called now Panias, unites with other atrearaa in
forming a lake, called in scripture Merora, It
Soon after enters the N, side ofthe great lake caU
ed the sea of Tiberias, from the S. extreraity of
which it again issues. It then flows almost due

south, through an extensiv,e plain, tUl it faUs into
the Dead sea, or lake of .Aaphaltitea, Length, 120
miles. Jargenthal, t Bohemia, in Leutmeritz; 6 m. N,
E, Kamnitz, ¦,
Jorhot, cap, of Assam, on the S, side of the
Brahraapootra, 40 m, S, W, Ghergong. Lon, 94*
Iff E, Lat 26° 45' N,
Jori, r. Asiatic Georgia, which falls into the
Kur, on the frontier of Schirvan,
Jorjan, or Corean, t Persian province of Aste
rabad^ E, ofthe Caspian, 100 ra, W, Mesched, 300
N, N, E, Ispahan,
Jorlcau, or Boreck, t, Bohemia, 13 m, N, Saatz.,
Lon, 13° 2ff E. Lat 50° 2ff N, Pop, 1,500.
Joseph's Key, sraall isl. in the gulf of Mexico,
near the coast of Florida. Lon. 89° 30' W. Lat
30° ffN.
Josephstadt, t and fort, Bohemia, at the conflu
ence of the Metau and the Elbe, 70 m, E, N. E.
Prague, Pop. 1,500,
Jasimath, t. Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 79° 38'
E. Lat 30° 34' N.
Jaskwiiz, t. Mora'via, 9 m. S. E. Znaym. Pop.
850. Josselin, or Jocelyn, t. France, in Morbihan, on
tiie Ouate. Pop. 2,700. Lon, 2° 33' W, Lat 47°
5ffN, Jotaco, (an, Astocus,) smaU isL in the Mediter
ranean, belonging to the Ionian republic, between
Ithaca and the raainland,
Jouan, bay, in the S, E, of France, not far from
Antibes, Here Bonaparte landed, on his return
frora Elba, lat March 1815,
Jouarre, t. France, in Seine-and-Mame, 11 m.
E, Meaux, Pop. 2,100,
Jaudpare, extensive principaUty, Hind, in the
province of Ajmeer. Its proper name is Mar-
war. Joudpore, the capital, carries on a consid-l
erable fraffic with Gujerat and Dekkan. Lorn
73° IffE. Lat 26° 27' N.
Jo'ue, t. France, in Indre-and-Lofre, 4 m, S,
Toura. Joue, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 16 m, N,
W. Ancenis, Pop, 1,900.
Jougues, V. France, in Moutha-of-the Rhone, 12
m. N.. E. Aix, Pop, 600.
Jourdain. See lie Jaurdain.
Jourdans, p-v. Lincoln co. Geo.
Jo'ux, valley, and lake, Switzerland, in the can
ton of Vaud.
Joux, fort, in the E. of France, on a high rock
on the Doubs. It commands the great road to
Switzerland. Jouy, v, France, 3 m, S. Versailles, Pop, 1,000,
Jouy aux Arches, v. France, on the MoseUe,
near Metz,
Jouy le Chatel, t. France, in Seine-and-Mame,
11 m, N, W, Provins, Pop. 1,000.
Joy, forraerly KingsviUe, p-t, Kennebec co. Me,
30 m. N. Augusta.
Joyeuse, t France, in Ardeche, on the Beaune,
6 m. S, by W. Argentiere.
Jayosa, t Spain, in Valencia, on the bay of Ali
cant, 20 m. N, E. Alicant.
Jozefow, t Poland, on the Vistula, 27 m.N,
Sendorair, 44 W, by S, Lublin,
Juan de Ulua, ial, on Uie coastof Mexico, in the
bay of Vera Cruz, A very strong fortress now
covers nearly the whole rock, the expense of
which is said to have beeu upwards of eight mil
lions aterling,
Juan Fema'ndes. See Feynandis.

J U I
Juanico, isl, in the gulf of California. Lon.
107° 41' W, Lat 21° 45' N,
Juan Rodriguez Cabrillo, isl, on the coast of
New California, Lon, 120° 31' W, Lat 34° N,
Juaye, t, France, in Calvadoa, 14 m, S, W,
Caen. Jublains, t. France, in Mayenne, ,6 m, S, E,
Mayenne, Jubones, r. Peru, which entera the bay of Tum
bez, in lat, 3° 20' S.
Jitcatan. See Yucatan.
Jitehipila, t, Mexico, 60 m, N, Guadalaxara,
Lon, 267° 45' W, Lat 22° 4ff N.
Judea, Canaan, or Palestine, in Sac, Geog, a
country of Asia, Judea proper comprised only
the counfry occupied by the tribea of Benja
min and Judah, in distinction frora Sama
ria, Galilee, &c. and 'waa bounded E, by the
Jordan, S, by Idumea, W, by the Mediterranean,
and N, by the tribe of Ephraim, In its larger
sense, Judea comprised all the country belonging
to the 12 fribes of Israel, bounded E, by Arabia,
S. by the desert of Beersheba, W. by the Mediter
ranean, and N. by Sidon and Libanus. See Ca
naan. Judenburg, t Inner Austria, and cap. of the cir
cle of Judenburg, is on the left bank of the
Muhr, 38 m. W. by N. Gratz, 108 S. W, Vienna,
Lon, 14° 42' E, Lat 47° 4ff N, Pop, 2,300, The
circle contains 2,250 sq, miles, and 95,000 inhabi
tants. Judges, cluster of rocks, off Cape Dereada, at
the entrance into the atraita of Magellan from the
Pacific, J'udith, Point, the W, point at the entrance of
Narraganset bay, R, I,
Judoigne, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, on
the Geele, 24 m, S. E, Brussels, Lon, 4° 50' E,
Lat, 50° 4ff N, Pop, 2,000,
Jug, r. Ruaaia, which unites with the Suchoua
near Ustiug, in Vologda, to form the Upper
Dwina. Jugdispore, t. Hind, in Bahar, 20 m. from Patna,
Juggematfi, Juggernaut, or Jogatnatho, a cele
brated temple and place of Hindoo worship, on
the sea coast of Orissa, a few railes N, E, of the
Chilka lake. Seen from a distance, it is a shape
less raass of building, but forras an excellent land
mark for navigators in approaching so low a coast.
It is aurrounded by several courts or inclosures,
into the interior of which no European is adrait-
led. The idol of Juggeraath is said to be made
of wood, to have a frightful black visage, with a
diatended mouth foaming with blood. On each
side of him ia seated another image, oue of which
is painted white, the other yellow : the first is said
to be the image of his sister Shubudra, the other
his brother Balarara, On particular festivals, the
images are superbly dresaed, and placed on an ira-
menae chariot or moving tower, which ia dragged
by the pUgrims a certain distance, and then re
turned to the teraple. It ia during this procession
that some of the devotees sacrifice theraselves, by
falling under the wheels of the machine. The
concourse of Hindoo pilgrims to thia ahrine ia im
menae; and the revenue derived from them
amounts to 12,000/. per annum. Lon. 86° 5' E.
Latl9°49'N. Jugnac, t France, in Charente, 18 m. S. An
gouleme. Pop. 1,300.
Juigne, t. France, in Sarthe, 3 m, N. E, Sable,
JuiOiac, t Franse, in Correze, 19 m, W, Tulle,
Pop, 2,000.

J U M

357

Juillac le Coq, t. France, in Charente, 6 m. S.
Cognac. Pop. 1,500.
JuiUy, t France, in Seine-and-Marne, 9 m. N-r
W. Meaux.
Juine, r. France, which falls into the Etampes.
Juist, isl. on the coaat of Eaat Friesland, 11
miles in circumference ; 6 m. W. N. W. Norden,
30 N. E. Stettin. Lon. 14° 44' E. Lat 53° 50' N.
Jujui; city, Buenos Ayres, in Tucuman, 61 ra.
N. N. E. Salta, 275 N. Santiago del Eatero, in lat
23° Iff S.
Jujui, r. Buenos Ayres, which enters the Ver
mejo, in lat 24° 50' S, It is called St Salvador,
or Rio Grande, andRio Dulce, Its whole course
is 300 mUes,
Jukah, t Hind, in Sinde, Lon, 69° E, Lat.
25° N.
Julamerick, district, Kurdistan, having Arme
nia on the A and the pachaUc of Bagdad on the
S. 120 m. E. S. E. Betlis.
Juli, t Peru, in Chucuito, on the W. ahore of
the lake Chucuito, 96 m. N. W. La Paz.
Julia, t. Sicily, in Val di Demona. Pop. 3;600.
• Julian Alps. See Alps.
Jiilier, mt. Switz. in the Griaon country, be
longing to the northem chain of the Alps.
Juliers, formerly a duchy of WeatphaUa, now
forraing part of the provinces in the western divis
ion of the Pruaaian dominiona. Ita extent 'was 1 ,600
sq. miles; pop, 200,000; revenue, 100,000/,
Juliers, or Julich, t Pruaaian states, in Aix-la?
Chapelle , 22 m, W, Cologne, 15 N, E, Duaael
dorf, Lon, 6° Sff E, Lat 50° 65' N. Pop, 2,160,
Jidiestown, p-t, Burlington co. N, J.
Juliet, Mount, rat. Illinoia, on the N, aide of Des
planes river, near ita junction with the Kankakee.
Lon, 88° 44' W, Lat 42° ff N,
Julita, t Sweden, in Sudermania, 35 m, N. W,
Nykioping, Juliuslrurg, or Dreske, t, SUeaia, 15 m. N, E,
Brealau. Lon. 17° 22' E. Lat 51° Iff N.
Jullie, V. France, in Rhone, 7 ra. N. by E. Beau-
jen. Pop. 1,100.
Jumboo, or Jummoo, diatrict. Hind, on the E.
aide of the Chunab, or Acoaines river. It is gov
erned by an independent Hindoo chief. — Jumboo,
the capital, ia on the high road from Caahmere to
Delhi, and its chief giving rauch encouragement
to merchants, it is a flourishing town. Lou, 74°
ff E, Lat 33° N,
Jumboosicr, t. Hind, in Gujerat Lon, 72° 58'
E, Lat. 22° ff N.
Jumeaux, t France, in Puy de Dome, 9 m. S.
E, Isaoire, Pop, 1,100.
Jumeliere, 'La, v. France, in Maine-and-Loire,
14 ra, S, S, W, Angers, Pop, 1,200.
Jumelles, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 6 m,
E, Beaufort Pop, 1,460,
Jumet, t Netherlands, in Hainault, 3 ra, N,
Charleroi. Pop. 6,000.
Jumetlas, or Yumettas Keys, islets araong the
Bahamas, extending from the S. W, coast of Yu
ma, Lon. 76° W, Lat 22° 40' N,
Jumiege, t. France, on the Seine, 14 m, S, S.
W. Rouen, Pop, 1,700.
JumiUo, t. Spain, in Murcia, 24 m. W, ViUena,
65 N, by W, Carthagena, Lon, 2° W, Lat SS"
2ffN, Pop, 6,000,
JumiUac le Grand, t. France, in Dordogne,- 9 m,
N. Exideuil, Pop, 2,600.
Jumna, or Yumna, a celebrated river of Hin
dostan, which rises in the Himaleh mountains,
and, after passing the cities of Delhi and Agra,

358

J U R

falls into the Ganges at Allahabad. Its length
raay be estimated at 780 miles. Near its junction
with the Chumbul, it is fordable from the month
of October till June.
Juno, Cape, on the E, coast of Sardi'nia, Lon,
9° 54' E, Lat, 40° ff N,
Junogur, t. Hind, in Guierat Lon, 70° 33' E,
tat 21° 4ff N,
Juncal, s-p. Chili, SO ra, N. Copiapo, Lat, 25°
42' S, ^
Junco,r. Grain coast of Guinea, which falls into
the sea, 90 m. E, S, E, Cape Monte,
Jung Buntzlau. See Buntzlau.
Jungeeroj t. Hind, in Bahar, on the Gangea,
Lon, 86° 33' E, Lat 25° Iff N.
Jungerpore, t Hind, in Gujerat, Lon, 73° 38'
E, Lat 23° 4ff N.
Jungferberg, or Diuiizagora, rat, Riyaia, in Ca
san, on the Wolga, |p
Jungfrau, lofty raountain of Switzerland, iu
the canton of Bern, 13,600 feet above the level of
the sea.
Jungfrun, rock, 6 miles in circuit, on the coast
of Sweden, in the Baltic, -very dangerous to navi
gators, Lon, 17° Iff E. Lat 61° 10' N.
Jungipore, t Bengal, on the Bhagerutty river,
the principal silk establishment of the Eaat India
company, Lon, 88° 13' E, Lat 24° 2ff N.
Junglebary, t. Bengal, on the Brahraapootra
river. Lou. 90° 28' E. Lat. 24° 27' N.
Jungnau, t. Siiabia, 14 m. W. Buchau, 40 S.
Stutgard, - Juniatta, r. Pa, which joina the Susquehannah,
lira, above Harriaburg,
Juniatta, t. Curaberland co. Pa, Pop. 1,233.
Junius, p-t, Seneca co. N, Y, at tha N, end of
Seneca lake, 20 m. N, Ovid, 182 W, Albany,
Pop. 2,261. In this town are the villagea of Weat
Cayuga, Seneca, and Waterloo. Junius is on
navigable waters, and well situated for frade.
Juniville, v. France, in Ardennes, 6 m, S, Re
thel, Pop, 1,000,
Juiikseylon, ial, at the S, E, extremity of the
bay of Bengal, near the W, coaat of the Malay
peninsula. It ia 54 milea long, by 15 broad, and
is valuable on account of its tin mines. It for
merly belonged to the Siameae, but was conquer
ed by the Birraans in 1810,
Junnere, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, Lon, 73° 51'
E, Lat 19° ff N,
Junoh, t. Hind, in Bahar, Lon, 85° 43' E, Lat,
23° 2ff N,
Junossuvanda, t. Norwegian Lapland, with an
extensive iron mine and smelting furnace, the
most northern in the world, being situated in lat,
67° 30'.
Junquera, La, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 19 m. W,
by N, Rosas, Pop. 700.
. Juntas, r, Quito, in Jaen de Bracaraoros, which
receiving various tributary strearas, changes its
name to Santiago, and enters the Amazon,
Jura, one of the Hebrides, or western islands
of Scotland, situated N, E. of the island of Islay,
It ia 26 miles long, and on an average 7 broad,
containing 58,500 Scots acrea, of which only 3000
are arable. It is the most rugged of the western
isles. Pop. in 1811, 1,157,
Jura, mountaina, Europe, which commence
near Geneva, and extend N, along the frontier of
France and Switzerland, separating Uie depart
ments of Ain, Jura, and Ddubs, from the cantons
of Genc\'a, Vaud, Pfihifchatel, and Bern, On

J Y E
reaching the French department of the Upper
Rhine, they divide into two main arras : the east
ern runs throu*h the cantons of Solothum and
Aargau, ending on the Rhine ; the western con
tinues its course due north, but soon loaea the name
of Jura, and assumes that of Vosges. — ^See Vosges.
Jura, department in the E, of France, border
ing on Switzerland, Extent, 2,050 sq, milea.
Pop, 300,000,
Jura, r. East Prussia, which falls into the Me
mel near Schreitlanken,
Jurat, ridge of hills, Switz, in Vaud, which
branches off from the great Jura chain S, E, and
joina the Alps,
Jurbo, or Turbo, r, S, America, which runs into
the gulf of Darien, Lon, 76° 44' W, Lat 8°'
IffN, Juree, t. Hmd. in Agra. Lon. 73° 33'E. Lat
25° 34' N,
Jurjev-Pokkoi, t. Eu. Russia, 38 m. N, W, 'Vla
dimir, 100 N, E, Moscow,
Jurfogorad. See Dorpat.
Jurjura, mt, Algiers, connected with the AUa%
and the loftiest mountain in Eastem Barbary,
Jurullo, a remarkable volcano of Mexico, in
the intendancy of VaUadolid, situated, according
to the observations of Humboldt, iu lon. 103° 51'
48" W. lat 19° 9' N, It was formed in one night,
in the year 1769, in the middle of a beautiful, fer
tile, and pleasant valley. The highest part has an
elevation of 524 feet 30 m, S. Pasquaro, 55 S.
W. by S. VaUadolid.
Jussey, t. France, in Upper Saone, on the
.^mance, at its junction with the Saone. 19 m. N.
W. Vesoul, Lon. 5° 5ff E, Lat 47° 4ff N.' Pop,
2,800, Justlahuaca, t in Mexico, 40 leagues S. E. Mex
ico. Lon. 275° 40' E. Lat 18° N.
Juterbock, t Prussian pro-vince of Braudenberg,
onthe Rohrbach, 18 m. N, E, Wittenberg, 29 S,
Potzdara, ]_
Jutland, pro-vince, Denraark, which comprised
formerly the whole peninsula forming the main
land of the Danish dominions ; but the name is
now confined to the northem half of the peninsula,
extending from 56° to 58° N, lat. The souUiern
half is better known by the name of Sleswick. Jut
land in thia circumscribed sense is 180 miles long,
and frora 70 to 95 broad. Extent, 9,200 sq. mfles.
Pop, 440,000, The climate ia similar to that of
the north of England, The pasturages are rich
and extensive. The bulk ofthe inhabitants speak
Danish. The genfry speak German. The pre
vailing religion is the Lutheran. The chief ex
ports are corn and cattie ; of the former, the great
articles are rye and oats.
Jutrassin, t Prussian Poland, 56 m. S, Posen,
Pop, 1,200.
Jutwar, or Jhutwar, disfrict. Hind, province of
Gujerat, It extends along the Banass river, near
ita junction with the gulfof Cutch,
Juvardeil, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 14 m,
N, N, E, Angera,
Juvigne, t. France, iu Mayenne, 9 ra. S. W, Er
nee, 17 N, W, Laval,
Juvigny,}.. France, in Orne, 6 m, S, E, Domfront
Pop, 1,100.
Juvigny, t France, in Marne, 7 m, N, W, Cha-
lona sur Marne, 19 S, Rheims,
Jyenagur, or Jyeporc, principality. Hind, be
tween 25° and 29° N, lat in the E, exfremity of
the province of Ajmeer, 150 mUes long by Id

K A F

K A I

359

broad, Thia territory comprehends the most pop
ulous and best cultivated part of the province ; it
produces sugar, cotton, tobacco, and all the grains
of Hindostan, It has also a salt-water lake, which
produces the greater portion of salt used in that
part of the country, Jyenagur, the capital, ia
reckoned one of the handaomest and moat regular
towns of India, It is a great mart for horses, and
carries on a conaiderable traffic with all parta of
India, The rajah has lately been taken under the

British protection, Lon, 75° 40' E. Lat, 26°
5ff N,
Jyhtpore, or Jeytpare, t and fortress. Hind, in
AUahabad, It now belongs to the Mahrattaa, Lon.
80°6ff E, Lat 25° 14' N,
JykiU Island, on the coast of Georgia, at the
mouth of Turtle river, JykiU sound is at the S,
end of the island. It communicates through an
inlet with Turtle river, and receives Little Satil-
la river. In this sound there ia good anchorage for
large vessels.

K.

Kaarta, kingdom, W. Africa, bounded E, by
Bambarra. It is about 200 miles long and 80 broad,
Kemmoo is the capital,
KaotskiU. See Catskill.
Kabonia, fort. A, Russia, 270 ra, S, Tobolsk,
Kabonoua, or Kabanouska, fort A, Russia, 86
m. S, Tomsk,
Kabarda, territory of Russia, in Aaia, extend
ing along the aouthern bank of the Terek, on the
W,sideof the Caspian aea. It ia divided into the
Great and Little Kabarda, Both own the su-
preraacy of Russia, ~
Kobold, or Kabersdorf, t Hungary, 45 m. S. Vi
enna. Kabour, r. Bagdad, which falls into the Eu
phrates near Kerkesia.
Kabra. See Cobra.
Kabruang, isl. in the Eaatern sea. Lon. 126° 30'
E. Lat. 3° 50' N.
Kabul, and Kabulistan. See Cabul.
Kaden, t. Bohemia, on the Egra, 44 ra. S. Dres
den. Pop. 2,750.
Kadesh, in Sac. Geog. 3 towna in Paleatine, 1 in
the tribe of Judah ; 1 in the tribe of Naphtali ; and
1 inthe fribe of Issachar.
Kadesh, or Kadesh-Bomea, in Sac. Geog. a
place iu the wilderness, south of Palestine, be
tween Egypt and Idumea.
Kadirgunge, t Hind, in Agra. Lon, 79° 2' E,
.Lat 27° 50' N.
Kadom, t Eu. Russia, in Tarabov, 130 m. N, by
E. Tambov, 229 E. S, E. Moscow, Pop. 5,000.
Kady, or Kadiei, t Eu. Russia, on the Pemda,
which falls into the Wolga, 109 m. E. Kostroma.
Kaefermarkt, t. Upper Austria, 4 m, S. S. E,
Freustadt, 17 N, E. Lintz,
Kaeferthal, v. Baden, 3 ra. E, N. E. Manheim,
Kaffraria, territory. South Africa, extending
along the coast in a N. E. direction, from the
Great Fish river, which aeparates it from the col
ony ofthe Cape of Good Hope, to the Key's river,
which divides it from the country of the Tam-
bobkies. It is entirely independent, and is inhab
ited by a native people, called Kaffres, or Koussis.
They differ in every respect from the bordering
race ofthe Hottentots; and there is not perhapa
in the world a finer race of men, as to external fig
ure : they are tall, robuat, muscular, and hand
some. Though black, or very nearly so, they
have not a line of the African negro, either in
their countenance or persons. The Kaffres are
considerably more addicted to agriculture than

the Hottentots, Pasturage, however, is a much
more favourite and general occupation. Their
general habits are peaceable. Their chief wars
are with the savage Bosjesmans. They have had
occasional contests with the colonists, in which
the blame rested commonly with the latter ; and
when victors, they have never been guilty of any
cruelty, European mariners shipwrecked upon
their coast have been treated with the greatest hu
manity. Kahobaw. See Cahabaw.
Kahia, t Altenburg, on the Saale, 39 m, W, by
S, Altenburg, 8 S. Jena, Pop. 1,800,
Kahlwong, v. Austrian states, in Styria, 14 m»
N. by W, Knittelfeld, 17 W, Leobeu.
Kohm. See Cham.
Kahokia. See Cahokia.
Kai, t. Eu. Russia, on the Kama, 124 m, N, E.
Viatka, Kaia, v. near Lutzen, in Prussian Saxony, re
markable in the battle of 2d May 1813, between
the French and the allied Russian and Pruaaian
array. Kaim, v. Scotland, in Morayshire,
Kaimoa, v. Bambarra, iu W. Africa, on the Ni
ger. Lon. 3° 46' VV. Lat. 13° Sff N.
Kuinske, t. A. Ruasia, in Torask.
Kair, t. Hind. 'in Aurungabad, on the Goda
very. Kaira, t. Hind, in Gujerat, on the Sabermatty.
Lon. 72° 46' E. Lat. 22° 4ff N.
Kairwan, or Kairoan, city, Tunia, in N, Africa,
second only to the capital in population and com
merce. The great mosque here ia eateemed at
once the most magnificent and most sacred in
Barbary, Lon. 9° 57' E. Lat 35° 36' N,
Kaisarieh, city, Asia Minor, the ancient capital
of Cappadocia, called Cmsarea, in honour of "Tibe
rias Caesar, It is the resort of merchants from all
parta of Asia Minor and Syria, who come to pur
chase cotton, which is here cultivated in great
quantities, Lon, 35° 18' E, Lat 38° 41' N,
Kaiserberg, t France, in Upper Rhine, on the
Weiss, 9 m. W. by N. Colmar, Pop. 2,500.
Kfiisefslautem, or Lautern, t of the Bavarian,
province on the Rhine, 34 ra. W. N, W, Spire, 42
S, S, W. Mentz. Lon, 7° 4ff E, Lat, 49° 26' N.
Pop. 2,360,
Kaiserstuhl, or Kaiserstadt, t, Switz, in Aargau,
on the Rhine, with a bridge over the river, 6 m,
N, E, Eglisau, 9 S, E. Zwzach, Pop, 1,700.

360

K A L

K A M

Kaiserswerth, t, Prassian territories, on the
Rhine, 5 m, N, by W, Dusseldorf,
Kajaaga, or Gallam, country, W, Africa, on the
upper part ofthe Senegal, The capital is Gal
lam, Kaketi, the moat easterly and mountainous prov
ince of Georgia, in Aaia,
Kakiot, p-v. in Hampatead, N, Y,
Kakkabban, ial, Eaatern aea, 40 m, E, Borneo.
Lon. 116° 5ffE, Lat 2° ffN.
Kakundy, t. W. Africa, near the head of the
Rio Nunez. Here major Peddle, and captain
CampbeU died. 160 ra, N. Sierra Leone.
Kalatae, isl. in the Eastern sea, Lon, 122° 16'
E. Lat. 7° Iff S.
Kakabo, sraall ial, in the Eastern aeaa. Lon.
117° Sff E. Lat 6° 20' S.
Kaldenkirchen, t. Prussian province of Cleves-
and-Berg, 8 ra, N, N, E, Rureraond, Pop. 1,9004
Kale, r. Scotiand, in Roxburghshire, which falls
into the Teviot •
Kolfskar, amall ial. in the gulfof Bothnia. Lon.
20° Sff E. Lat 62° 34' N.
Kalfven, amaU ial. in the gulf of Bothnia. Lon.
17° 7' E. Lat. 61° ff N.
Kalgujev, ial. Eu. Rusaia, in the Frozen ocean,
belonging to Archangel, in 48° of E. lon. and 69°
of N. lat
Kalhat, or Calhat, s-p. Arabia, in Amraon, on
the Persian gUlf, 80 ra, S, E, Muscat
Kalingi, v. Greece, in Attica, 5 ra, from Mara
bou, Kalisch, or Kaliss, t kingdom of Poland, on the
frontier of the Pruaaian territory, and capital of
one of the eight palatinatea into which the part of
Poland aubject to Ruaaia haa lately been divided,
R ia aurrounded by walls. Pop. 6,400, 66 ra, N,
W, Brealau, 126 W, by S, Waraaw, The palati
nate of KaUach containa 350,000 inhabitanta,
Kolits 'ul Fars, or Canal of Morez, branch ofthe
Nile, which coramencea SO m. below Cairo, and
terminatea in Lake Menzaleh,
Kalkas, a race of Mongols, who inhabit an ex
tensive tract of country to the 'north of China,
bordering on Siberia; See Mongolia.
Kalkoon, or Turkey Islands, sraall islands in the
Eastern sea, Lon, 1 15° 4ff E, Lat 6° 16' S,
Kalla, sraall island in the gulf of Bothnia, Lon,
23° 2ff E, Lat 64° 20' N,
Kalkrosch, t. Eu, Turkey, in Moldavia, 36 m,
frora Jassy.
Kallies, t Pomerania, 34 ra. E, Stargard, Pop,
1,700, Kallmunz, t, Bavaria, at the confluence of the
Nab and the Vila, 12 ra. N, N, W, Ratisbon, Pop,
900, Kolk, Naggy or Great, t, Hungary, 39 ra, S, E,
Tokay, Kallunborg, s-p, Denraark, on the W, coast of
Zealand, with an excellent harbour. 69 m. W,
Copenhagen, Lon, 11° 6' 33" E, Lat, 55° 40'
54' N, Pop, 1,400,
Kalmor. See Calmar.
Kalmucs, a tribe of Tartars inhabiting the coun
try aouth ofthe Altay mountaina, between lon, 70°
and 90° E. Their wealth conaists in their cattie,
Kalnick, ridge of mountains in Cro'atia,
Kaloper, t. Eu, Turkey, in Roraania, 42 ra, N,
E, PhilippopoU,
Kalpaki, v, Greece, in Arcadia,
Kolsching, t. Bohchiia, 87 in, S. by W, Prague,
Kolten-Nordheim, I, Germnny, in Saxe-Wci-
raar, on thr- Fiilda, 23 m. S- Evaenach,* Pop,
1,150,

KaUemtein, t. Auafrian Silesia, 10 m, S, Neiase,
Kalubblub, small isl, in the Eaatem sea, near
Mindanao, Lon, 121° 32' E, Lat 6° 4ff N,
Kaluga, government of Eu, Ruaaia, bounded by
those of Moscow, Smolensko, Tula, and Orel, ly.
ing between 36° 4ff and 37° 62' E, lon, and 61°
and 54° Sff N, lat Extent, 8,500 sq, miles. Pop,
in 1796, 853,000, aud is now considerably in
creased. The chief products are com, hemp, and
flax, -
Kaluga, t Ruasia, and cap, of the govemment
of Kaluga, lies on the Oka, It has manufacturea
of canvas, cotton, paper, hats, wooUen, and leath
er, 107 m, S, W. Moacow, 437 S, E. St Petera
burg, Lon, 36° ff E, Lat 54° ff N, Pop, 17,000.
Kalwary, t. Poland, iu Augustow, 76 m. W. by
S. Wilna. Pop. 2,700.
Kama, r. Eu. Ruaaia, which falls into the Wol
ga, 24 m. below Kasan.
Kamak, v. Turkish Armenia, on the Euphrates,
]0ra.S. S. W. Erzerum.
Kamalia, t. Manding, in W, Africa. Loa 6°
26' W. Lat 12° 40' N.
Kamalia, v. Bambarra, in W. -Africa, on the Ni
ger, 18m, S.W, Sego.
JKdman, v. Caramania, in A. Turkey, 27 m. N.
W. Kaisarieh.
Kamarskoi, fort, A. Russia, on the S. E. frontier
of the empire.
Kamatchins, people of Siberia, inhabiting the
right bank of the Yenisei.
Kombambo, district of Angola, in Africa, on the
river Coango, 180 m. S. E. Loanda. <
Kombele, s-p. Mekran, in Persia, 120 m. S. Kej.
Kameh, district, Afghanistan, in Cabul, between
4° and 36° N, lat on the Kameh or Cabul river.
Ita principal town ia Adeenagur.
Komen, or Kcehme, t Prussian Poland, 42 m.
W.N, W. Poaen.
Komenilz, t Bohemia, 24 in. N. N. E. Tabor,
Pop, 1,660.
Komenits, t Sclavonia. Lon. 19° 51' 45" £,
Lat 45° 4' N. Pop. 1,600.
Kamenitz, t Moravia, 13 m. E. Iglau. Pop,-
1,150, Kamensk, t. Ruasia, in Perm, 42 m, E, Eka
terinburg, Pop, 2,000,
Kamenz, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, on the
Black Elster, 18 ra, N, E, Dresden, Lon. 14° 1'
E, Lat. 51° 16' N, Pop, 2,260, chiefly Protea
tants, Kameron, smaU isl, in the Red sea, nearthe
coaat of Arabia, Lon. 42° 26' E. Lat, 15° ff N,
Kameyk, t Bohemia, on the Moldau, 28 m, S.
by VV, Prague,
Kamiabo. See Kancaba.
Kaminets-Podolsk, (Government of,) See Po
dolia. Kominiec, or Kaminetz-PodoUk, t. Russian Po
land, cap, of the government of PodoUa, Ita cas
Ue ia one of the best fortifications iu Poland, 110
m, W, Braclau, 120 S, E, Lemberg, Lon, 27° 1'
E, Lat, 48° 4ff N, Pop, 6,600,
Kamionka, t Poland, 19m, N, Lublin,
Kamloch, r. Suabia, which falls into the Mindel,
2 m. N, N, W, Burgau,
Kamloch, Upper, v. Bavaria, 4 m, W, Mindcl-
heim, Kammemy. See Santorin.
Kamnitz, t. Boheraia, 30 m, S, E, Dresden, Pop,
2,200, Lon, 14° 32' E. Lat 50° 47' N,
Kamoeter, small isl, in the Eastern sea. Lon,
IS"?^ .'V F .Lat, 6° 30' S.

KAN
Kana, r, Ausfria, which falls into the Danube
E, of Krems,
Kamtschatka, a peninsula in the N, E, of Asia,
forming part of the Rusaian government of Irk
outsk. On the E. it has the Pacific ocean, and on
the W, the sea of Okhotsk, It extenda from N, to
S, between 61° and 62° N, lat. 600 railes long, and
is nearly 300 broad, A range of very lofty raoun
tains extends through the whole length of the pen
insula, and containa aeveral volcanoes. The cold
olimate and barren aoil prevent the production of
grain even in tiie amalleat quantity. In the ab
sence, however, of vegetable productions, the land
swarms with -wild animals, which yield the richest
and most valuable furs, 'The sable is raore plenti
ful here than iu Siberia, The coasts and rivera
swarm with fish, which form tile main article of
food to the inhabitanta, Thia region ia inhabited
by a native race pecuUar to itaelf. They are iu
general below the comraon height ; have broad
dioulders, and a large head. The face, and par
ticularly the nose, is long and flat, the eyes small
and sunk, the lips thin, and they have scarcely any
beard. Dogs are universally used for labour and
draught 'This country was first known to the
Russians in 1690. It ia now wholly under their
dominion. The natives have suffered much from
the introduction of ardent spirits, and from the
smaU pox. Their number which at first was esti
mated at 15,000, does not, by the late census, ex
ceed 2,843. Beaidea the natives, there are Cos
sacks and Rusaian soldiers, to ttie nuraberof 300,
and about 1,000 crirainals, convicted of murder
and other ati-ocious crimes, who, as a punishment
equal to death, are banished to thia remote and in
hospitable region. The trade of Russia with
Kamtschatka is -jarricd ou from Irkoutsk by way
of Okhotak. The imports, besides brandy, are
nankeens and other Chinese stuffs, together -with
various commodities of Russian and foreign manu
facture. The only export is furs, the amount of
which is valued at from 50,000 to 100,000 rubles.
Kamyschen, or Demitrefsk, t. Eu. Prussia, in Sar
atov, oa the Wo^a, 90 m. S. Saratov. Lon. 45°
24' Iff' E, Lat 60° ff 6" N. Pop. 2,000.
Kamyschlova, t. Russia, in Perra, Pop, 2,100,
Lon, 61°20' E, Lat, 66° Sff N.
Kanadai, t Eu. Russia, 123 ra. S. W. Sirabirsk.
Pop. 1,800.
Kanany, isl. in the Eastem sea. Lon. 129° 36'
30'' E. Lat 1°47'30''S.
Kancaba, t. Manding, in W, Africa, 60 ra, S, W.
Bammakoo, ,
Kon-choo-fao, city, China, in the provinces
Kiangai, at the junction of two considerable riv
era, Lon, 114° Sff E. Lat 26° 62' N.
Kanda, t. Congo, in W. -Africa, 30 ra. N. E.
St Salvador.
Kandahar, an extenaive province of Afghanis
tan, between 31° and 34° N. lat. and between 64°
and 68° E, lon. About half of the inhabitants re
side in towns, and the other half are raigratory,
and subaiat by pasturage. It was long understood
in Europe, that Kandahar was a mountainous
province, and forraed a complete barrier on the
side of Persia. It ia now known to be a level,
though elevated country,
Kandahar, the cap. of the above province, and
formerly the capital of Afghanistan, Also a cele
brated fortress, 2 m. N. of the city, in lat 39° 20'
N. lon. 65° 30' E. on the top of a precipitous rock,

K A O

361

ered as impregnable. The city ia said to be three
miles in circumference ; and atanding on the great
road between Peraia and India, continuea to be
flourishing and populous. The environs are high
ly cultivated, and abound with numerous gardens
and orchards, the melons and grapea of which are
aaid to be delicioua,
Kandal, a-p. Abyssinia, ou the Red sea, 150 m.
S, E, Arkeeko,
Kandel, r, Swiss canton of Bern, which faUs into
the Aar below Thun,
Kane, r. Tomsk, iu A, Russia, which falla into
the Yeniaei,
Kanebadam, t. Independent Tartary, on the Si
hon, 64 leaguea N, E. Samarcand,
Kanem. See Canem.
Kongo, s-p, Loango, in Africa,
Kangaroo Island, on the S. coast of New Holland.
Lon. of Kangaroo Head, 137° Sff 31" E. Lat 35°
4ffS, Kangelang, ial, in the Eaatern aea, about 24
mUea long, Lon. 1 15° 44' E, Lat. 6° 37' S.
Kongrah, or Cotochin, diatrict. Hind, in Lahore,
S. W, ofthe Hiramaleh mouijtaius, between Beyah
and Rauvy rivers.
Kangrdh, or Koie Kongrah, a celebrated for
tress of Hindostan, in the N, part of the province
of Lahore. Lon. 75° off E, Lat 32° 2ff N,
Kanhawa. See Kenhawa.
Kaniev, or Kaniov, t. Ruaaian Poland, on' the
Dnieper, 70 ra. S. by E. Kiev.
Kanijee, t. Hmd. in Gujerat, 5 m. S. Rhadun-
pore, Kanin-Nos, isthmus in Frozen ocean, between
the White sea and the bay of Tacherkoja-Guba,
between 66° Sff and 68° N. lat
Kaniss, t. Africa, ou the Nile, 25 m, E. S. E.
Dongola. Konits, t. Moravia, on the Iglau, 10 m S. W.
Brann. Lon. 16° 21' E. Lat 49° 4' N. Pop.
1,600. Kankakee, r. which riaea near the head 'waters
of the St, Joaeph's of Michigan, iu Indiana, and
pas.aing into Illinoia, unites with the Deaplanes, to
form the river Illinois. In time of high water,
boats pass from the Kankakee to the St. Joseph's,
Kankho, or Kankiang-ho, i-. China, in the prov
ince of Kiangsee, flowing from N, to S, aud falling
into Poyang lake.
Kansas, r. Missouri Territory, which rises in
the plains between the Platte and the Arkansaw,
and joins the Missouri in lat 39° 5' N, 340 m,
above its raouth. It is navigable 900 miles. The
Kansas Indians live ou its banks,
Kanska^ sraall isl, Sweden, at the entrance of
the Cattegat,
Kontcheou, t near.the N, W. extremity of Chi
na. Kontera, el, v. Africa, 14 ra. S, Tunis,
Kanth, t. Silesia, on the Westritz, 12 m, S, W.
Breslau. Pop. 1,000.
Kantore, sraall kingdora of W, Africa, on the S,
aide of the Gambia, opposite Wooly.
Konzach, r. Suabia, which falla into the Dan
ube, below Riedlingen.
Kao, one of the Friendly islands in the S. Pa
cific ocean, called also Aghao, or Oghao, and Kay-
bay, Lon. 184° Sff E.Lat 19° 42' S.
Kaotchcoufou, city, China, in the province of
Quang-tong, 36 m. from tho se--., on a river, whicfr
is-navigable up to the cty. s;'<X) m, E, S, E, Can
ton. Lon. 110° 4'E, Lat 21° 40' N,

46

362

K A R

KopeUo, Cope, the S, point of the island of Ceri
go, in the Mediterranean,
Kopendritti, (an, TrisorythuB,) v. Greece. Be
tween this place and Marathon, was fought the
famous b,attle of Marathon.
Kapini Isle, isl, about 25 miles in circuraference,
offthe W, coast of Sumatra,
Kaplitz, t Bohemia, on the Mahch, 9 m. S. E.
Crumau. Pop. 1,400,
Kapnik, or Banya Kopnilc, t Transylvania, in
Kovar, 37 m, N, by E, Clausenburg,
Kapnik-Banj a, t Transylvania, 55 m, N, by E,
Clausenburg, Kappel, or Windisch Kappel, t. Auatrian Illyria,
in Carinthia, 18 m, S, E. Klagenfurt,
Kapsdorf, or Kaposztofolu, v. Hungary, 26 m,
N, N, W, Cassovia, Pop, 900,
Kapuvar t Hungary, 21 m, E. by S, Oeden-
burg, KaragHar, t, Eu, Turkey, in Roraania, 40 m,
W, Burgaa, Pop, 7,000,
Karagol, Cape, (an. Posodium,) proraontory on
the N, E, coast of Corfu,
Koragool, v. Armenia, on the Morad, 75 m. G,
E. Erzerum,
-Keraft, ial, in the Persian gulf. It containa 12 or
IS square milea, and affords a safe -dnchorage at aU
seasons. Lat 29° 14' N.
-fiTarafcafcooo, bayon the W. end of the island of
Owyhee. Lon, 204° E. Lat. 19° 2ff N.
: -Karafta/, or KarakoUo, t Eu, Turkey, in Wa-
lachi-d,86 ra, W, S. W, Bucharest, 65 E. S. E. Wid-
din. Lon. 25° 58' E. Lat 44° 4' N.
Karakalpocs, a people of Tartary, who inhabit
the countiy E. ofthe Aral, and N. of the Sihon or
Jaxartea. Karakita, small ial. in the Eaatern sea, S. of San-
gir. Lon. 126° 25' E. Lat 3° 7' N.
Karaman, or Caramon, city of Caramania, in
Aaia Minor. It trades with Cassarea, Smyrna,
and Tarsus, and has an extensive raanufacture of
blue cotton cloth. 55 m. S. Kenieh, 67 N. Kelen-
dri. Karamurod, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 22 ra.
N. W. Mancalia.
Karamusal, t. Aaia Minor, on the seaof Marmo
ra, 36 m. N. N. E. Bursa.
Itaramustofalar, t. Romania, 20 ra. N. by E.
PhilippopoU. Karanevacs, t Eu. Turkey, in Servia, on the
Morava, 22 ra. N. W. Kursumblia.
Karang Sambong, t. Java, on a fine river, 168
ra. S. E. Batavia.
Karankalla, t. Kaarta, in W. Africa, 10 ra. W.
Kemmoo, Korasch, r. Hungary, which joins the Danube
at Uj-Palanka.
Karasjee, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 76° 28' E,
Lat. 17° 26' N,
Korass, a Tartar viUage, at an equal distance
from the Euxine and Caspian seas, under tiie Rus
sian govemment, within a few days' journey of
Persia, and Bukharia, and within 60 miles of Tur
key, Thia place ia occupied by the Scotch Mia-
sionaries, sent out by the Edinburgh Society in
1803, Besides endeavouring to instruct the Tar
tars in Christianity, they have purchased raany
native youths, slavesto the Circassians and Kuban
Tartars, aud h'ave formed a school, in which they
are tnuglit the Turkish and English languages.
The Ruaaian govormiient has made a grant of land
to the mission, and annexed to the grant some im-

K A R
portant privileges. The New Testament and sev
eral Tracts have been translated by the Missiona
ries, and widely dispersed, by means of travellers
and pilgrims. Many difficulties have ariaen from
the unaettled state ofthe country, and the perpet
ual irruptions ofthe hostile Tartars,
Karasu, (an. Mons Pangeeus, mt. Eu, Turkey,
in Romania, which forms the E, boundary of Ma
cedon. Karasu, r. Eu, Turkey, which falls into the
Archipelago, opposite the ialand of Thaaoa,
Karasu, r. Persia, See Kerah.
Kara, su, i. Aaia Minor, which faUa into the Ki-
zil IrmEik,
Karasubaror, t Eu, Ruaaia, in the Crimea, 35
m. N. E. Bakhiahiaarai. Pop. 2,500,
Karatschev, t. Eu, Russia, on the river Sneshat,
50 m. W. by N. Orel.
-BTara Verio. See Veria.
Kardanah, (an. Belus,) r. Palestine, which falls
into the Mediterranean, 8 m. S. Acre.
Kardszag, t. Hungary, cap, of Great Kumania,
43 m, N. by W. Bakes, Pop, 8,500,
Korewittee, diatrict on the E, side of Ceylon,
between 7° and 8° N,lat.
Kargala, t. Eu. Russia, in Orenburg, on the
Sakmara, Pop. 2,000.
Kargala, 3 amaU rivers in Orenburg, A. Rus
sia, which faU into the Samara.
ICargoldsin, lake, Ruasi-du Tartary, 340 m. S,
Orenburg. Kargote, r. Tomsk, in Siberia, which falls into
Lake Tchani.
Korgaw, t. Hind, in Khandesh, Lon, 75° 35' E.
Lat 21° 64' N,
Karge, or Kargova, t Prussian Poland, 49 m.
S, W, Posen, Pop. 1,760,
Korgapol, t Russia, on the river Onega, where
it issues from lake Latscha, 196 m. E. Olonetz.
Lon. 38° 50' E, Lat. 61° 30' N. Pop. 5,000.
Kariadeh,v. Asia Minor, 18 m. W. Smyrna.
Korical, t. India, in Tanjore, The territory
around ia extremely fertile ; and there are exten
sive salt- worka in its -vicinity. The fort is on the
N, side of a smaU river, one of the branches of the
Cauvery, Lon, 79° 54' E, Lat. 10° 65' N.
Karitsa, t Greece, in Magnesia, 24 m, N, E.
Thanaton, Karkarlang, smallish in the Pacific, Lon, 126°
69'E. Lat4S4ffN,
Karkov. See Charkov.
Karlsburg, or Lower Weissenburg, a palatinate
of Transylvania, lying along the iVIarosb, on the
border of Hungary, Extent, 1,800 square miles.
Pop. nearly 100,000,
KorUburg, Alba Carolina, or Belgrad, t Tran
sylvania, ou the Marosch, formerly the residence
of Uie princes of Transylvania, It is the only reg
ular fortreaa of Uie country, ia a bishop' a see, and
has 5,500 inhabitants. 32 ra, N. W, Hermanstadt,
49 S, by W, Clausenburg, Lon, 23° 34' E, Lat,
46° 4'N.
Karlshaven, t. Hesse Caasel, 22 ra. N, Cassel-
Pop. 1,100.
Karlstadt, a circle of Austrian Illyria, Extent,
1,640 square miles. Pop, 108,000, Carlstadt if
the capital,
Karlstadt, an extensive government of Sweden,
coraprising almost the whole of the ancient prov
ince of Warmeland, Extent, 4,267 square miles.
Pop. 140,000. The capital is Carlstadt.
Korlstein, t. Lower Austria, on the Theya, 7 m,
N, W, Waidhofcn, 19 N, by E. Zwetl.

K A S
Karmoe, isl. Norway, at the entrance of tiie bay
of Stavanger, in Christianaand,
Karnac. See Comae.
Kamowits. See Jagerndorf.
Karoota, araall disfrict, Abyaainia, S, of Begem
der, Karotscha, t. Eu, Russia, in Kursk, 30 ra, N, E,
Bielgorod, Pop, 4,000.
Karotta, amall isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 126° 50'
E. Latu-N.
Karouly, t. Hind, in Agra, on Putchpuree riv
er, Lon, 77° E. Lat. 26° 3ff N,
Kotows, a people in the interior of Guinea,
Karpfen, Korpona, or Krupina, t. Hungary, in
Sohl, Pop. 3,000. 96 m. E, Vienna, Lon, 19°
7' 5'' E. Lat 48° 21' 50" N,
Karpaot, formerly Charpote, t Kurdiatan, in the
valley of Sophene.
Karsek, isl, near the W. coast of East Greenland,
Lon. 45° 2ff W. Lat 60° 35' N.
Karskoe Mar
Nova Zembla,
Karsun, t. Eu. Russia, in Simbirsk, 60 m- W, S,
W, Simbirsk. Pop. 3,300.
Kartol, t. AnatoUa, on the aea of Marmora, 40
m, W. lamid,
Kartan, or Marian, 4 amall ialands near the S,
coast of Arabia, Lon. 54° 5ff E. Lat. 17° Sff !V.
Kartbirt, v. Diarbekir, 48 m. W. N. W. Diar-
kekir. Korteron, v. Syria, on the Euphrates, 10 m. S.
Osara. '
Kartes, t. Whidah, on the Slave coast of Guin
ea, 12 m. E. Sabi.
Kortuel, or Kartalinia, the most western prov
ince of Georgia, in Asia, bordering on Imeretia, on
both banka ofthe Kur.
Kamhu, small isl. in the Eastern aeaa, 3 m. E.
Amboyna. Kos, el, or Ras Kasaran, cape, Egypt, on the
coast ofthe Mediterranean, 3 m. N. Catieh.
Kasabi, v. Syria, on the Euphrates, 25 in. E. El
Der. JSTosaji, govemraent of Eu. Russia, between 46°
20' and 49° 40' E. lon. and 64° and 67' N, lat and
surrounded by the governraents of Viatka, Oren
burg, Niznei-Novgorod, and Simbirsk, Extent,
22,000 aquare mfles. Pop. about 850,000, partly
Rusaiana and partiy Tartars. It consists for the
most part of an immense plain. The soil is in gen
eral fertUe, The products are corn, fruit, hemp,
and hops. In former ages this country was called
Bulgaria, (or Volgaria,) from ita lying along the
river Volga,
Kasan, city, Russia, on the Kasanka, about four
miles above its junction with the Wolga, It con
taina 17,500 inhabitants, is a bishop's see, and the
seat ofa sraall university, founded in 1803, aud at
tended by about 60 students. It has large soap-
works and tanneries, and is well situated for trade,
being the central point between St, Peteraburg,
Archangel, Tobolsk, Astracan, Moscow, and Oren
burg, At a little diatance from Kaaan is a new ad
miralty establishment, with a navigation school,
magazinea, and a dock-yard, where gaUiota are
constructed, and sent down the Wolga to the Cas
pian sea, 208 m. E, by S. Niznei-Novgorod, S4S
E, S, E. Koatroraa, Lou. 49° 21' 9'' E, Lat, 55°
47'51''N, Kasbaite, (an, Satafa,) t, Algiers, 60 ra. S, W.
Constantina. Kaschin, t. Eu. Russia, in Tver, on the KascHin-

K A T

363

ka, 78 m, E, N, E, Tver, 117 N, Moacow, Pop
3,600, Kaschira, t. Eu, Russia, in Tula, on the Oka, 73
m, S, by E, Moscow. Pop, 1,600,
Kashan. See Cathan.
Kashgar, or Cashgar, city in Chinese Tartary,
530 m, N, E, Caahmere, I^n, 80° 14' E, Lat, 39°
35' N, It was formerly capital of a country of ther
aame name, which now forma the western part
of Little Bukharia,
-Rfasimoi', t Eu, Russia, in Riazan, on the Oka,
160 m. E, by S. Moacow, Pop. 6,200.
Kaskaskia, r. Illinois, which rises in the N. E.
part of the state, and running S. W. falla into the
Mississippi, 84 m, below the mouth of the Illinois,
and 100 above tliat of the Ohio, It ia navigable
for 150 miles, and the landa on its banka are repre-
aented as reraarkably fertile.
Kaskaskia, p-t and cap. Randolph co, Illinois,
is on the right bank of Kaskaskia river, 11 miles
from its mouth, 150 S, W, Vincennes. It containa
a bank, a land-ofiice, a printing-office, and about
160 houses scattered over an extensive plain.
The town was settled upwards of 100 yeara ago
from Lower Canada, and about one half of the in
habitants a»e French. The surrounding country
is under good cultivation. Pop. 622.
Kaskinompo, r. Tennessee, which runs into the
Mississippi near the borders of Kentucky.
Kasko, or Kaskoken, t Eu. Russia, in Finland,
on an island in the gulfof Bothnia, opposite Wasa.
Lon 21° Iff 35" E. Lat 62° 22' 10" N.
Kasmark, Kesmork, or Kaisersmark, t. Hungary,
on the Poprad. A large quantity of excellent linen
is manufactured here, and exported. 164 ra. E.
N. E. Presburg. Lon. 20° 27' E. Lat 49° 7' N.
Pop. 4,300.
Kosr Kiassera, (an. Nicopolis,) s-p. Egypt, 5 m.
N. E. Alexandria.
Kassan, t. W. Africa, in Yani, ou the Gambia,.
36 m. N.W. Pisania.
Kassan, ^kingdom. Central Africa, on the up
per part of the Senegal, haviug Kaarta on the E.
and Kajaaga on the W.
Kostanlce, (an. Castabola,) t. Aaia Minor, 45 m.
N. N. E. Scanderoon.
Kastri, t. Greece, in the Morea, near the site of
the ancient Hermione,
Kastricum, Cape, cape on Company's island, in
the Pacific. Lon. 151° 40' E. Lat. 46° SO' N.
Katahdin, or Ktadne, lofty mt. Maine, 80 m. N.
Bangor. It commands an extensive prospect, em
bracing 72 lakes.
Katapqng, small isl. in the Eastern aea, near
the N. coast of Java. Lon. 113° 22' E. Lat 7°
SffS. Katchins, people, A. Russia, in Tomsk, on the
Yenisei, in nuraber about 6,000.
Katerly, (an. Drepanum,) t. Asia Minor, on a
bay ofthe sea of Marraora.
Katerskill, the S. branch of the CatskUL Its
raouth is 2 m. W. of the Hudson.
Katharinoslou. See Ekaterinoslav.
Kotinna, city of Interior Africa, in Houssa, a
month's journey N. ofthe Niger.
Katirli. See Katerly.
Katisti, t. Asia Minor, on the sea of Marmora*,
36 m. S. Conatantinople.
Katlobugo, r. Eu. Ruasia, in Beaaarabia, which
joins the Danube, 5 m. E. Ismael.
Kataul, t. Hind, in Berar.
Katrin, t. Eu. Turkey, in Theaaaly, 36 m. S. by
W. Salonica. Pop, 1,500,

364

KEA

K E H

Katrine, Loch. See Kettgrin, Lock.
Katskill. See Catskill.
Kattenbrunni, mt, Germany^ in Saltsburg : it
risea above 9,340 feet in height,
Katsboch, r. SUesia, which joins the Oder near
Leubus, Kovenaugh, p-t Wilson co. Ten,
Kaufbeuren, t Bavarianstates, in Suabia, on the
Wertach, 38 m, S, by W, Augsburg, Lon, 10° 2ff
S" E, Lat 47° 53' 30" N, Pop, 4,200,
Kauffungen, v. Heaae-Cassel, on the LosSe, 5 m,
S. E, Cassel, Pop, 1,540,
Koukebon, t Yemen, in Arabia, 18 m, W, Sana,
Kounitz, or Lower Kanitz, t Moravia, on tbe
Iglawa, 6 m, S, S, W, Brunn,
Kaurzim, circle, Austrian dominiona, in Bohe
mia, between the Elbe and the Muldau, Extent,
1,030 aquare miles. Pop, 142,000,
Kaurzim, t Bohemia, 43 ra, W, S, W, Konigin
gratz, Lon, 15° 5' E. Lat, 49° 56' N, Pop, 1,550.
Kavschani, t. Eu, Ruasia, in Beaaarabia, ou the
Kotna, 12 m. S, Bender,
Kautsen, t Lower Auatria, 9 m, N, Waidho-
fen, Kawar. See Kuara.
Kaweel, district, Hind, in Berar, between 21°
and 22° N, lat The chief town is ElUchpore,
Kawuck, t Afghanistan, in Cabul, Lon, 69°
30' E, Lat 3.5° 40' N,
Kay and Palzig, 2 villages of Prussia, in the
New Mark of Brandenburg, 7 m, W,N. W,ZuUi-
chau, Kayadarossoras, r, Saratoga co, N, Y, which falls
into Saratoga lake,
Kaybee, country of interior Africa, 33 journies
N, Ashantee, 9 beyond Kong,
Kaycoan Point, cape on the W. coast of Celebes,
Lon. 129° Sff E. Lat. 3° 22' S.
.Ka^e, t. lOra. N, W, Loango, in Africa,
Kay^s Island, in the Pacific ocean, near the W,
eoast of N, America, about 30 miles long and four
broad, Lon, 216° 58' E. Lat- 69° 49' N.
Kayee, v, W, Africa, on the Senegal, 56 ra, E,
Gallam. Kaynsham. See Keynsham.
Kayoo, v. Bambarra, in Africa, on the Niger, 60
ro. E. N. E. Bammakoo,
Kovor, Kingdom of, on the coast of W, Africa,
Lon, 14° 4ff W, Lat, 17° N,
Kaywerree, country of interior Africa, N, of
Kaybee, and 36 journeys N, of Ashantee,
Kazan. See Kasan.
Kaseroon, t Farsistan, in Persia, 70 m, W,
Schiras, Lon, 51° 4ff E, Lat, 29° 44' N, Pop.
3,000, or 4,000,
Kazimierz, or Casimir, t, Poland, on the Vistu
la, 25 ra. W. Lublin, 70 S. S. E. Waraaw.
iTea, V. Barabarra, in Africa, 65 m. N, E , Sego.
Keach, r, Eng, which falla into the Tivy below
Kennarth, Kcady, v. Ireland, in Arraagh, on the river Cal
len, 58 ra. fr, Dublin,
iCeanpan Head, cape, Scotland, on the ialand of
Lewis, Lon. 6° 5' W. Lat, 58° Iff N,
Kearnsvilk, p-v. Northampton co. Pa.
Kearsarge, mt N, H. in Sutton, about 25 ni, N,
W, Concord.
Kearsarge. See Pigwaehet.
Kearsarge gore, t HiUsborough co. N. H. 16 m.
W.Concord. Pcjp. 125.
Kearsley, t Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. S. E, Great
Bnlton, Pop, 1,388.

Keatktoym, t, Rockingham co, Va-
Kebby, r. 'Wales, in Monmouthshire, which fells
into the Uske near Abergavenny,
Kebet, smaU isl, in the Eastem aea, Lon, 13ff*
40' E, Lat 7° Iff S,
Kedar, (an, Kadora,) Syria, on the river Jer
muk, SO ra. N. Jeruaalem.
Kedarnath, a celebrated place of Hindoo pil-
griraage, in the mountaina of Serinagur. Lon. 79°
IffE, Lat 32° N,
Keddleston, v, Eng, in Derbyahire, chiefly noted
for its raineral spring. Pop. 144, 5 m, N, Derby,
Kedeh-Farah, t. Asia Minor, in Sivas, 30 m, W,
Samsoun, Kedgeree, t Bengal, near the mouth of the
Hoogly, Lon, 88° IffE, Lat 21° 55' N,
Kedingen, district, Hanover, in Bremen, onthe
Elbe, Pop. 6,500,
Kedkevore-fjoll, mt, Lulea Lappmark^ in N,
lat 67° 28',
Keelan Isk, small isl, off the W, exfremi^ of
Cerara. Lon. 127° Sff E, Lat 3° 15' S.
Keema-Kedan, cluater of ialanda in the Eastem
seas, Lon, 124° 36' E, Lat 10° SffN,
-BTeen, or Kaynduem River, the second *principal
river in the Birraan empire. It is suppoaed to
riae in the mountains wluch divide Assam from
Ava, and falls into the Irrawuddy at Miondap, in
lat. 21° 46' N.
Keene, p-t, and cap, Cheshire co. N. H, on Ashu
elot river, 14 m. S. E, Walpole, 66 W. S, W. Con
cord, 95 W, Portamouth, 79 W, N, W, Boston.
The village ia one ofthe handsomest in New-Eng
land, and contains a court-house, jail, bank, meet
ing-house, and about 60 dweUing houses. About'
a raile frora the viUage a canal is cut from the
Ashuelot, on which is a wooUen factory, an o3
mUl, aud several other nulls. Pop, 1,646,
Keene, p-t Essex co, N, Y, 140 m, N, Albany,
Pop, 642. Here are extensive ironworks.
Keerpay, t Bengal, in Burdwan, Lon, 87° 44'
E. Lat, 22° 4ff N.
Keer-weer, Cape, cape, New HoUand, in the
guU' of Carpentaria. Lon, 141° Sff E, Lat, 13*
58' S,
Keeten, Great and Little, 2 villages of North
Holland, one 4, and the other 6 m, S, of the
Helder, Keff, t in the interior of Tunis, near the E, bank
of the river Mejerdah, 70 ra, W, S, W, of Tunis.
Kefflng, isl, in the Eastem seas, S. E, of Ceram,
Lon, 130° E, Lat, 3° 6ff S.
Kefil, V. Irak Arabi, which the Jews and Ma
horaetans hold in peculiar veneration as the tomb
ofthe prophet Ezekiel, 14 ra, S, HiUah,
Kef ken, sraall ial, ofthe Black sea, Lon, 30° 4ff
E, Lat 41° 6' N,
Kefreen, v. Syria, 15 m, fr, Aleppo,
Keft, See Kuft.
Keger Point, the N, W, extremity of Fiaher's
island, on the coast of Lapland, 26 ra, S, E, Ward-
huis. It was forraerly the station ofthe Danish fish
ataples, Kehl, t. in the S, W, of Germany, in the grantf
duchy of Baden, on the Rhine, opposite Straaburg,
It is of great importance in a miUtary sense, on
account of the bridge across the Rhine, and the
well known fort iu the immediate 'vicinity, which
was built by Vauban, In the wars 'with Germa
ny, the French have always endeavoured to make
themselves masters of it, aud generally with sue
eess.

K E L

KEN

36S

Kehoa, 3-p. Tonquin. Lon. 105° 21' E. Lat 19°
12'N. Keighley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire. The inhabit
ants are chiefly supported by the cotton, linen,
and worsted manufactures, which are carried on
here with great indusfry and spirit, the latter es
pecially employing a great number of handa. 40.
m. W. York, 12 N. Halifax, 207 or 210 N. W.
London. Lon. l* 5ff W. Lat 53° 52' N. Pop.

Kalah, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, in the fribe
of Judah, 16 m. S. W. Jerusalem.
Keisenlik, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 55 m. N.
E. PhilippopoU.
Keiskomma, r. Kaffraria, in S. Africa, falling
into the Indian aea. Lon. 28° 6'E. Lat 33° 12'S.
KeUh, t. ScoUand, in Banff co. 20 m. S. W.
Banff, 464 N. W. Aberdeen. Pop. 1,300.
Keith Inch, promontory, Scotiand, the E. point
of Aberdeenshire.
Ki^, t Persia, capital of the pro'vinoe of Me
kran. Being on the high road frora Candahar and
Kelat, to the seaports of Guatter and Chobar, it ia
a place of conaiderable importance. Lon. 62° 30'
E. Lat. 26° 10' N.
Kelang, small ial, in the Eaatern seas, near Ce
ram. Lon, 128° E. Lat 3° ff S.
Kelat, the capital of Beloochistan. It contains
above 4,000 houaea. The inhabitanta are a mix
ture of Balonches, Afghans, and Hindoos, Lon, 67°
57' E, Lat 29° ffN,
Kelat, t, and sfrong fortress of Afghanistan, 60
m. E, N. E, Kandahar,
Kelat, a fortress of Korasaan, in Persia, on the
top of a high hiU, 40 m, E. Mesched,
Kelbro, t Pruasian Saxony, on the Helme, 27 m,
N, Erfurt. Pop. 1,600.
Kekndri, a-p. Caramania, in A. Turkey, on the
siteof the ancient Celendris, 26 m. S, W, Selefkeh,
Keles, s-p, Anatolia, 28 m. E, N, E. Ephesus,
Kelikdoni, or Erminak, r. Asia Minor, (an, Co-
tycadnus) which falls into the Mediterranean near

Keliub, province, Egypt, N, of Cairo,
Kcllamungullum, t. India, in Barramahal. Lon,
78° S'E, Lat 12° SffN,
KeUheim, t. Bavaria, at the junction of the Alt-
muhl and the Danube, 46 m, N. N. E. Munich.
Lon. 11° 62' E. Lat 48° 52' N. Pop. 1,800.
KeUi, t. India, in Tanjore. Lon. 79° 7' E. Lat
10° 2ff N.
KeUinghausen, v. Denmark, ih Holstein, 34 m.
S. W.Kiel. Pop. 900.
Kellingtan. See Callington.
Kellingtan, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 m. E. N. E.
-Pontefract Kellogsville, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y.
KelU, t. Ireland, in Meath, on the Blackwater.
32 m. N. W. DubUn, 19 W. Drogheda. Lon. 6° 52'
W. Lat 53° 42'N.
Kells, V. Ireland, in Kilkenny, on King' a river,
which falls into the Nore.
Kells, V. Ireland, in Antrim, on the Glenwherry
riv-er, 89 m. fr. Dublin.
Kelly-Burn, amall r. Scotland, which ia the
boundarybetween Ayrahire and Renfrew.
Kellyvale, t Orleana co. Vt 36 ra. N. Montpe
Uer. Fop. 40.
Kelpoory, disfrict, Hind, in Delhi, about 29°
N. Lat Kelpoory, the capital, is in lon, 79° 39'
E, lat 28° Sff N,
Kelaall, t Eng, in Cheshire, 9 m, E. by N, Ches
ter,

Kelso, i. Scotland, in Roxburgh co, onthe If.
aide of the Tweed, opposite the junction of the
Teviot It is a place of great antiquity, ofteit
mentioned in the histories of the border wars. 42'
m. S. byE. Edinburgh, HE. Jedburgh. Pop. in
1811, 3,630.
Kelton, V. Scotland, in Dumfries-shire, on the
Nith, 4 m, S, Durafriea,
Keltsch, t, Moravia, 14 ra, E, Prerau, Pop.
1,460, Kelvin, r, ScoUand, which faUs into the Clyde,
at the village of Partick, 2 ra, below Glasgow.
Kem, or Kemi, t Eu, Rusaia, in Archangel, on
the White aea, 192 m, N, Petrovadak, Lon, 28°
Sff E, Lat, 64° Sff N, Pop, 900,
Kemaon, diafrict, Hind, between 29° and 30°
N, lat and 79° and 81° E, lon. The northern
part ia aubject to the rajah of Nepaul, the south
ern, or flat part, belongs to the Britiah territory
of Bareilly,
Kemberg, t Pruaaian Saxony, 6 m, 9, Wittenberg,
16 E, S, E, Deasau, Pop, 1,800,
Kemja, i'. A, Russia, in Irkoutsk, which falls in
to the Toungouaka,
Keminoom, t Fooladoo, W, Africa, on the river
Kokoro, 95 m. N, W, Hamalia,
Kemlet, r, Eng, which falls into the Severn be
low Cherburg,
Kemlet, r. Wales, which falls into the Tanot be
low Place Yeha.
Kemlyn Bay, bay in Montgomeryshire, Wales.
Kemmelbach, t. Auatria, 3 ra, S. Ips.
Kemmoo, t. W, Africa, cap. of Kaarta. Lon. 7°
4ffW, Lat 14°2ffN,
Kemnath, t. Bavaria, 16 ra, E, S. E, Bayreuth,,
26 N, Amberg, Lou. 11° 55' E, Lat 49° Sff N.,
Pop, 1,400,
Kemnits, Old, v, Silesia, 6 m. W, Hirschberg-
Pop. 1,300,
Kempen, t Prussian WestphaUa, 17 ra. N. W,
Dusseldorf, 16 N. E. Ruremonde. Pop. 3,000.
Kempen, or Kempno, t. Pruaaian Poland, 32 m.
S. Kalisch. Fop. 3,500.
Kempsvilk, t Prince Anne co, Va, 9 m, S, E.
Norfolk, Kempten, (an. Compodunum,) t. Bavarian
states, on the lUer, 66 m, W, S. W. Munich, 50 S.
byE. Ulm. Lon, 10° IffE, Lat 47° 44' N, Pop,
5,300, Kemskai, t. A, Ruasia, in Tobolsk, Lon, 92° E,
Lat, 57° 25' N,
Ken, r, Eng, in Devonshire, Which falls into
the Ex below Exeter,
Ken, (an, Kataia,) small isl, in the Persian gulf,
Lon. 53° Iff E. Lat, 26° 27' N,
Kenagh, v. Ireland, in Longford, 56 ra, fr, Dub-
' Un, Kenary, sraall ial. Hind, 13 m, S, Bombay, 24
fr, the raainland, Lat 18° 42' N,
Kenath, in Sac, Geog, t, in GUead,
Kenchester, pariah, Eng, in Hereford co, 5 m-
W.N, W.Hereford.
Kenchres, (an. Cenchres,) a-p. of the Morea, in
Argolia, on the gulf of Egina, 7 m. W. by S. Co
rinth. Kendal, t.*Eng. in Westmoreland. It haa been
long noted for its woollen raanufactures. The oth
er manufactures are Kendal cottons, Unseya, knit
worsted stockings, flannels, hats, aergea, &c. 224
ra. N. Lancaster, and 2624 N. W. London.* Lon.
2° 44' W. Lat. 54° Iff N. Pop. 7,506.
Kendall, p-t Kennebec co. Maine.
Kendall, p-t. Stark co, Ohio, near Muskingum

366

KEN

river, 7 m. W. Canton. It has an extensive wool
len manufactory, and large flocks of sheep are
kept in the neighbor^od.
¦ Kendrick's Isleind, N. W. coaat of America,
forma the W. side of Nootka aonnd.
Kenduskeag, r. Penobscot co, Maine, which flows
into the Penobacot at Bangor.
-&ene, or Kenne, t Upper Egypt It ia chiefly
supported by the great caravan from Western
and Central Africa, which passes annually through
it, brihgiing: numerous pilgrims destined for Mec
ca ahd Medina. It was formerly the centre of the
trade between Egypt and India, but thia com
merce haa now greatly declined. Lon. 32° 25' E.
Lat 26° ff 36" N.
Kenfig, t Wales, in Glaraorganahire, 7 m. fr.
Bridgend.
¦ Kenhawo, co, Va. on Ohio river, borderiiig on
Kentucky. Pop. 3,866. Slavea, 352. At the court
house is a post-oflice.
< Kenhawa, (Great) r. Virginia, which rises in
the western part of North CaroUna, and ranning
N. and N. W. joins the Ohio at Point Pleasant, iu
38° 55' N. lat 252 miles below Pittsburg. About
100 miles from ita mouth are the Great Falla,
where the river descends perpendicularly 50 feet.
The principal branch ofthe Kenhawa ia Green
briar, which enters it 40 or 50 miles above the
falls. Kenhawa, Little, r. Va. which falla into the
Ohio a Uttle below Marietta, (Ohio). It ia navi
gable 10 railea.
Kenilworth, called by corruption Killingworth, t.
Eng. in Warwickshire,between Coventry and War
wick. The town ia principally noted for ita raagnifi
cent caatle,; which, along with an extenaive chase
and park, fprmed at one time the pride and orna
ment of all thia part of the kingdom. The remains
of the castie preaent one of the moat splendid and
picturesque wrecks of casteUated strength to be
found in England, and still impart a melancholy-
grandeur to the town and neighborhood. Thia
castle was founded by Geoffrey de CUnton, cham
berlain and treasurer to king Henry I. Most of
the buildings, of which the remains are still viai
ble, were built by John of Gaunt, who had acquir
ed the caatle by marriage. Throughhia aon Hen
ry IV. the castle again returned into the handa of
the crown, and continued so, until queen Eliza
beth conferred it on Robert Dudley, earl of Leices
ter. This nobleraan spent immense sums in
adorning and enlarging the building ; and when
all was finished, he entertained the queen here for
it' daya, in a stile of extraordinary magnificence,
the particulars of which are still preserved, 5 m,
N. Warwick, 101 N, W. London, Lon. 1° 35' W.
Lat 52° 21' N. Pop. 2,279.
Kenlawie, r. Scotland, in Fifeshire, which falls
into St. Andrew's bay,
Kenmare, t, Ireland, in Kerry, on Kenmare riv
er, '12m. S. S- W, Killarney.
Kenmare River, r. or arm of the aea, on the S.
W, coast of Ireiland, The raouth ia in lon. 9° 37'
W. lat 51° 4ff N.
Kenmare, v. Scotland, in Perthshiye, on Loch
Tay, 23 m, W. N, W, Dunkeld.
Kennebecasis, r. New Brunswick, which runs
E, and falls into the river St, John,
Kennebeck, co. Maine, on both sides of Kenne
beck river, and inclosed by the counties of Som-
eract, Penobacot, Lincoln, and Oxford, Pop,
32,564, Chieftown, Augusta,

KEN
Kennebeckyt. Maine, next te Penobscot, fhe
largeat in the State, It has two principal branch
es. The eastern branch rises in Moosehead lake.
The western called Dead river, riaea in the high-
landa, which aeparate Maine frora Canada, and
unites with the eaatem branch about 20 miles be
low Moosehead lake. After the junction, the riv
er flows aouth to the Atiantic, It is navigable fo^
ships 12 miles, to Bath ; for sloops, 45 miles, to
Augusta, at the head ofthe tide ; and for boata 60
miles, to Waterville, At Waterville the naviga
tion is interrapted by Teconic faUs, which afford
numerous aitea for miUa, The lands on the Ken
nebec are fertile, and weU adapted to tillage and
pasture, Kennebunk, r. Maine, which runa into the At
lantic at Kennebunk, It has a good harbor at its
raouth, Kennebunk, p-t and port of entry, in Welb,
York CO, Maine, at the mouth ofthe Kennebunk,'
10 m, S, Saco, 25 S, W, Portland, Shipping in
1816, 11,741 tons. Here isa bank,
Kennet-Eans, v. Scotland, 1 m, W, Kincardide,
Kennett, r. Eng, which falla into the Thames at
Sunning, Kennedy's, p-v, Brunawick co. Va.
Kennet, t Chester co. Pa. Pop. 947.
Kennet' s square, p-v. Chester co. Pa.
Kennamic. See Cakmick.
Kennoway, v. Scotiand, in Fife, 12 m. N. E.
Kinghom. Kenock, or Kenoque. See Knack.
Kensheim. See Kiensheim.
Kensington, populous v. Eng. in Middlesex,
nearly 2 milea from Hyde Park comer, and is
chiefly distinguished for ita royal palace aild gar
dens. Kensington, t Rockingham co. N. H. 13 in. S.
W. Portsmouth. Pop. 781.
Kent, maritime co. Eng. forming the S, E. angle
of the kingdora, bounded N, by the Thames,
which dividea it from Eaaex, E. and S, E. by the
German ocean and atraits of Dover, S, by SuasK,'
and W, by Surry, It contains about 900,000
acres, or 1460 sq, railes, with 263 inhabitanta to
each. The general aapect of thia county ia very
beautiful, frora the diveraity of the surface, and
the richneaa and variety of the scenery. It ia ea-
sentially an agricultural county; and every de
partraent of husbandry is here prosecuted to a
greaL' extent, and with great abiUty and success.
Pop, in 1811, 373,095 ; families 76,265, of which
number 27,077 were engaged in agriculture,
27,996 in frade and manufactures, and 21,192
otherwise. Kent, CO. Lower Canada, between the rivers
Sorel and St, Lawrence,
Kent, CO. Up. Canada, on lake Erie,
Kent, CO, R. I, on the W. side of Narraganset
bay, bounded N. by Providence co, S, by Wash
ington CO. and W, by Connecticut Pop, 9,834,
Chief town, Warwick,
Kent, p-t, Litchfield co, Ct, on the Housaton-
nuc, 45 m, W, Hartford, Pop, 1,794, Iron ore
is found here, and wrought extensively,
Kent, or Frederick, t Putnam co, N. Y, 20 m, S,
E. Poughkeepsie, Pop, 1,811,
Kerit, CO, Del. bounded N, by Newcaetle co. E,
by Delaware bay, S, by Suaaex co, and W, by Ma
ryland, Pop, 2(3,495, Slaves, 728, Chieftown,
Dover. Kent, CO, Md, hounded N,J^ Cecil eo, E, by

KEN
Delaware, S, by Queen Anne co, and W, by
Chesapeake bay. Pop, 11,450, Slaves, 4,249,
Chief town, Chester.
Kent, ial, in Chesapeake bay, annexed to Queen
Anne oo, Md,
Kent's Groups, small islands on the S, E, coaat
of New Holland, in Basa'a atrait, Lon, of the
centre, 147° 25' E, Lat 39° 2ff S,
Kentish TWn, haralet, Eng, in Middlesex, 2 m,
N. London.
Kenton, v. Eng. in Devonahire, at the conflu
ence of the Ken with the Ex, 2 m. fr. Exmouth.
Fop. 1,793.
Kenton, East and West, t. Eng. in Northumber
land, 3 m. N. N. W. NewcasUe. Pop. 1 ,052.
Kentucky, one of the U. S, bounded N, by lUi
noia, Indiana, and Ohio ; E, by Virginia ; S, by
Tennessee ; and W, by the Missiaaippi, It extenda
from lat, 36° SO' to 39° 10' N, and frora lon, 81°
60' to 89° 20' W, Length on the aouthern Une,
300 miles. Extent, 39,000 sq, miles, or 24,960,000
acrea. Pop, in 1790,73,677; in 1800,220,959;
in 1810, 406,511, of which number 324,237 were
whites, 80,561 alavea, and 1,713 freeblacka,
Kentucky is almost inaulated by navigable riv
ers. The Big Sandy, the Ohio, and the Missis
sippi form its boundary on three sides, while the
Curaberland intersects its southern border. The
principal rivers which lie wholly within the State
are Licking, Kentucky, and Green, — The only
mountains are the Curaberland range which sep
arates it frora Virginia in the S, E, The eastern
counties are mountainoua, A tract along the
banks of the Ohio, from 5 to 20 railes wide, and
extending through the whole length of the State,
ia hiUy and broken, but has a good aoil ; the part
of this tract lying immediately upon the Ohio, for
about one mile iu 'width on an average, consists of
bottom landa, and ia aubject to periodical inunda
tion. Between thia tract, the eastem counties
and Green river, lies the garden of the State. It
is about 150 mUes long, and from 50 to 100 miles
wide, and comprises the countiea of Mason, Flem
ing, Montgomery, Clarke, Bourbon, Fayette,
Scott, Harrison, Franklin, Woodford, Mercer,
Jessemine, Madison, Garrard, Logan, Casey, Lin
coln, Washington, and Green. The surface of
this district is agreeably undulating, and the soil
black and friable, producing black walnut, black
cherry, honey locust, buckeye, pawpaw, augar
tree, mulberry, elm, aah, cotton wood, and white
thorn. The country between Green and Cum
berland rivers is called " the barrens." In 1800
the legislature of Kentucky made a gratuitous
grant of this fract to actual settlers, under the im
pression that it waa of little value ; but it proves
to be excellent grain land ; and hoga and cattle
are raiaed in abundance, — The whole State, be
low the mountaina, rests on an imraense bed of
limestone, usuaUy about 8 feet below the aurface.
There are every where apertures in this lime
stone, through which the waters of the rivers sink
into the earth. The large rivers of Kentucky,
for this reason, are more diminished during the
dry season, than those of any part of the United
States, and the amall streams entirely disappear.
The banks of the rivers are natural curioaities.
They have generally worn very deep channels in
the calcareous rocks over which they flow. The
precipices formed by Kentucky river are in raany
places awfully sublime, presenting perpendicular
banka of 300 feet of aolid limestone, surmounted
with a steep and difficult ascent, four timea aa

E E R

367

high. In the S, W, part of the State, between
Green river and the Cumberland, there are sev
eral wonderful caves : one, called the Mammoth
cave, ia aaid to be 8 or 10 miles long.
The principal productiona of Kentucky are
hemp, tobacco, wheat, and Indian corn. Salt
springa are numerous, and supply not only this
State, but a great part of Ohio and Tenneaaee -with
thia mineral, — The principal raanufactures are
cloth, spfrita, cordage, aalt, and maple sugar.
The value of the manufacturea in 1810 was esti
mated at $6, 1 8 1,024. Hemp, tobacco, and wheat
are the principal exports. These are carried
down the Ohio and Mississippi to New Orleans,
and foreign goods received from the same place
in return. Louisville, on the Ohio, is the cenfre
of this trade. The introduction of steam-boat
navigation on the Ohio has been of incalculable
benefit to the comraercial and raanufacturing in
terests of Kentucky.
The principal reUgious denorainations are Bap
tists, Presbyterians, and Methodists. The princi
pal literary institution is the Transylvania uni
versity at Lexington. A charter for another col
lege, to be established at Danville, was granted
early in the year 1819. — The legislature conaiats
of a senate and house of representatives : the
former hold their seats 4 years, the latter are
chosen annually. The governor ia chosen for
4 yeara, and is ineligible the succeeding 8. More
than 50 banka have beeu incorporated in this
State. Kentucky, r. Kentucky, riaea in the highlands in
the S- E. part Of the State, and running N. W.
falla into the Ohio at Port 'WilUam, 77 mUea above
the rapids at Louisville. It is 160 yards wide at
its raouth, and is navigable for boats of conaider
able aize, 180 railea in the winter flooda. "The
banka are generally high and rocky, presenting in
some placea perpendicular precipicea of limeatone
of 300 feet
Kentucky, Little, i-. Ken. which runa into the
Ohio, 3 ra. below the raouth of Kentucky river,
Kentucky, Indian, r. Indiana, which runa into
the Ohio, nearly opposite the raouth of Kentucky
river. Kents, t Austrian Poland, in Galicia, SO ra, S,
W. Cracow. Pop, 2,000,
Kenyan, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 3 m, E, Newton
in M-dkerfield. Pop, 416,
Kenyan, t. Glengary co. Up, Canada,
Kensingen, t. Germany, on the Elz, 11 m, N.
Friburg, Pop. 2,200,
Keaunsay, t. Birman empire, on the Irrawuddy,
Lon. 96° 40' E. Lat. 17° 20' N.
Keowee,x. U. S, the narae of Savannah river
above its confluence with the Tugulo,
Keazee, t, Birman erapire, on the Irrawuddy.
Lon. 94° 5ff E, Lat 21° 19' N,
Kepher Kenna. See Cano,
Kephsa. See Cephisio.
Keppel Bay, bay on the E, coaat of New Hol
land, which was found by captain Flinders to cora-
raunicate with Port Curtia. Lon. of the anchor
age 150° 5ff E. Lat 23° 29' S.
KeppeVs Island, sraaU isl. near the Falkland isl
ands. Lon. 60° Iff W. Lat. 61° 24' S.
KeppeVs Island, one of Queen Charlotte's isl
ands. Lon. 194° 6ff W. Lat 10° Iff S.
KeppeVs Island. See Traitor's Island.
Kepse, V.Syria, near the ruins of Seleucia.
Kerah, or Haweeza, called by the Turks -Koro-
su, r. Persia, which rises in Kurdistan, receives

ses

K E R

the Kazawar and the Garaasu, and passing by the
city of Haweeza, enters the Shut-el-Arab, about
20 m. below Korna.
Kerbela, t. Irak Arabi, near the W. bank ofthe
Euphrates. Its ancient name waa Vologesia. It
is the resort of numerous pilgrims of the sect of
Ali. 50 m. S.S. W. Bagdad.
Kercolang, isl. in the Eastern aeas, from 80 to
100 miles in circumference. It is well cultivated
aud populous. Lon. 126° 30' E. Lat 4° Sff N.
Kerempe, cape, Anatolia, on the Black sea. Lon.
33° 10' E. Lat 42° 4ff N.
Kerensk, t. Rusaia, in Penza, 81 m, N, N, E,
Tambov, Pop, 4,500,
Kerera, ial. Scotiand, in Argyleshire, in the
aonnd of MuU, 8 m. fr. the island of Mull.
Keresoun, (an. Cerasus,) a-p. A. Turkey, on a
gulf of the Black sea, 70 m. W. S. W. Trebisond.
Keresztur, or Bodrogh-KeresSstur, t, Hungary,
in Semplin, 6 ra. S. Canischa. Lon. 21° 21' 32" E.
Lat, 48° 9' 28'' N, Pop, 4,000,
Kergetein, t, Moravia, 14 m, S, Olmutz, Pop,
2,800. Kergxiekn's Land, or Island of Desolation, in
the Southern Indian ocean, about 90 railea long.
None but amphibious animals exist here,
and few vegetables, Lon, 69° 30' E. Lat, 49°
go's. Kerin, r, Chinese Tartary, which falls into the
Amour, Lon. 136° 44' E. Lat 60° 44' N.
Keriag, r. Wales, iu Denbighshire, which falls
into the Dee, 6 m. fr. Wrexham.
Keriag, r. Wales, in Merionethshire, which falla
into the Dovy near Llanweryng,
Kerka, r, Dalraatia, which falls into the gulf of
Venice, Kerkeni, small isl, near the E, coast of Tunis,
Lon, 11° 12' E, Lat 34° 59' N,
Kerkook, t. A, Turkey, the largest in Lower
Kurdistan. Pop. about 13,000. Lon. 43° 42' E.
Lat 35° 29' N.
Kerlon, r. Tartary, which riaea iu about lon,
109° E. and lat 49° N, and, after a courae of
300 miles, unites with the Onon, to form the
Argoune, Kerman, (an. Caramania,) province ofthe Per
sian empire. It haa Mekran and Seistan on the
E, ; Laristan and Fars on the W. ; and the Persian
gulf on the S, Ita central and northern part con
sists of extensive deserta,
Kerman, or Sirjian, cap, of the above province,
was, at one period, umong the proudest cities of
the Persian empire. In 1794, it was taken by
Aga Mahoraraed Khan, and given up to plunder for
three successive months. The finest edifices were
levelled with the ground, many of the inhabitants
slain, and S0,o00 aent into exile. The city never
haa recovered from thia disaster. The population
does not now exceed 20,000. Its manufacturea
•and trade are atill, however, very considerable :
the former conaiat in ahawls, matchlocks, and car
pets. Lon. 56° Iff E, Lat. 29° Sff N.
Kermannsliaw, t. Peraia, in Irak. It contains
12,000 houaes. 140 m. N. E. Bagdad. Lou, 46°
3ffE. Lat34°2ff N.
' Kem el Hutin, rat, Palestine, 10 ra. N, Tabor,
Kems, t Switz, 1 1 m, S, Lucerne,
Kerauart Islets, sra'dU islets on the N, W, coast
of Araerica, between 51° and 52° N, lat
Keipen, t Prussian Weatphalia, on the Erft,
10 m, E, S, E. JuUers, Pop, 1,600,
Kerrrrpin/, coimtry, on the E. part of the Gold

K E T
coast of Africa, Jbordering on Whidah. It coa*
tains aeveral independent kingdoms and atates.
Kerrsvilk, t. Lawrence co. Ohio.
Kerry, co. Ireland, bounded N. W. by the Shan
non, N. E. by Limerick co. S. E. by Cork, and W,
by the Atlantic. Extent, 1,040,487 acres, A
very great proportion ofthe county is dreary,
desolate, encumbered with very lofty mountains,
rocky and often inacceaaible. Pop; about 140,000,
Kerry Head, Ireland, the S. cape at the mouth
of the Shannon. Lon. 9° 47' W. Lat 52° 24' N.
Kerry Point, cape, Ireland, iu Down co. Lon.
5022'W. Lat 54° 22'N.
Kerschau, or Kersano, t Istria, 10 m. N. N, E,
Pedena, Pop, 800,
Kershaw, district, S. C, on the E. aide of the
Wateree. Pop, 9,876, Slavea, 4,847, Chief
town, Camden,
Kershope, r, Scotland, which forms for several
miles the boundary between Scotiand and Eng
land, and falls into the Liddal,
Kertsch, Kertz, or Kjerch, s-p, and fortress, Eu,
Russia, iu the government of Taurida, on theE,
coast of the Crimea. It has a good harbor, Thia
fortreas, and that of Jenikale, about 12 nules totbe
E, N, E, comraand the strait between the Black
sea and the aea of Azoph, Its Ruasiau name ia
Vospor. 60 m, N, N. E. Caffa, 100 E. S. E. Pere-
kop, Lon, 36° 24' E, Lat 46° Iff N,
Kerzergebirge, a range of raountains in Tran
sylvania, branching off from the Carpathians,
Kesem. See Kisseeru
Kesga, Bay and Cape, on the N, coaat of Spain,
to the E. of Santander.
-R'es^, or Quex, t Great Bukharia, 30 m. S. Sa
marcand. Kesker, or Kubar, s-p. Ghilan, in Persia, 26 m.
N. W, Reshd,
Kesselsdorf, v, SUesia, in Jauer, 4 m. N. W„
Lowenberg, Pop, 1,100,
Kesselsdorf, v. Saxony, 7 m. W, Dresden.
Kestzhely, t Hungary, on the Flatten aee, wiUi
a caatle, and a seminary for the improvement of
agriculture. 23 m- S. Vasarhely. Pop, 9,000,
Keswick, t. Eng, in Cumberland co, deUghtfuUy
situated at the N, E, end of the romantic lake of
Derwentwater, in the beautiful vale of Keswick,
It is much visited by ati-angera who make the tour
of the lakes, 17 m. AV, Penrith, 292 N. W, Lou
don. Lon, 3° T W, Lat 54° 36' N. Pop, 1,683,
Kessdi Vasarhely, t Transyh-ania, 72 m, E, N.
E, Hermannstadt, 41 N, by E, Cronatadt Lon.
26° 7' E, Lat 46° 4ff N, Pop, 5,000,
Ket, r. Scotland, in Wigtonahire, which runa
into the aea at Port Yarrock,
Ket, r. Siberia, which faUs into the Obi, near
Naryra, Ketch-liissar, t Caramania, in Aaia Minor, 85
m, S, W, Kaisarieh,
Ketchluk, t Caramania, iu Asia Minor, 98 m,
N, W, Koni.Mi,
Ketee, t. Hind, in Sinde, on Uie Indus,
Ketskemet, t. Hungary, in the county of Pest
It is the residence of many familiea of rank, 46
ra, N, N. W, Szegedin, 50 S. S, E. Pest Lon, 19°
42' E, Lat 46° 54' N, Pop. 25,000,
Ketterin, or Catherine, Loch, a beautiful lake of
ScoUand, in Perthshire, about 10 railes long, and
14 broad, and distinguished for its picturesque
scenery, Kettering, t, Encf, in Northampton eo. It has
manufactures of tammies and lutestrings. Fop.

K H A
3,-242. 74 m, N, W, London, Lon, 0° 43' W,
Lat 52° 24' N,
Kettk, r. Up, Canada, which runs into lake
Erie, W, of Long Point,
Kettlesholme, t Eng, in Cheshire, 7 ra, N. E.
Maccleafield. Kettwyk, t Prussian Westphalia, on the Roer,
3 m. W. N. W. Werden. Pop. 1,400.
Ketsin, t Middle Mark of Brandenburg, on the
Havel, 8 m. N. W. Potsdam. Pop, 800,
Kevelaer, t, Prussian Westphalia, 4 m, from'
Gueldres, Kevenny, r, Wales, in Montgomeryshire, which
fells into Uie Uske at .Abergavenny,
Keula, t Saxony, in Schwartzburg-Sonders
hausen, 11 m, N. Muhlhausen, Pop, 1,600,
Keuschberg, v. Prusaian Saxony, 6 ra, S, E,
Merseburg- Kew, V, Eng, in Surry, on the Thames, opposite
Old Brentford, Kew palace was a favourite re
freat of Geoi^e III, "The botanic garden here,
chiefly for exotics, is one of the finest inthe world.
Pop. 660, 6 m, W, London,
Kewow, or Kiawa, small isl. on the coast of
S. C. between Johns island and the ocean.
Keweena, point, N. W. Territory, on the shore
of lake Superior, 50 m.E. ofthe raouth of Ontan-
agan river. Here is found copper ore.
Kexhalm, t. Eu, Russia, in Finland, at the in
flux of the Woxa into the lake Ladoga, 90 ra. N.
St Petersburg.
Keydee, t. Bengal, in Chuta Nagpore, Lon, 84°
4ff E. Lat 22° 4ff N,
Keynsham, or Kaynsham, t. Eng, in Soraerset-
shire, on the N. side of the Avou, 6 ra. S. E, Bris
tol, 116 W. London, Lon, 2° 29' W, Lat 51°
24' N, Pop, 1,748.
Keysd, or Ssovd, Keszd, or Kuszdu, t. Transyl
vania, 7 m. E, by S, Sohsesburg, Pop, 2,000.
Key's Isles, three islands in the Eastern seas,
about 133° E. lon, and between 5° and 6° N. lat,
Keysvilk, p-v, Charlotte co. Va,
Keyser''s Bay, bay on the S, coast of Sumatra.
Lon, 104° Sff E. Lat, S° 40' N,
Kes'd. Uee Kizilosen.
Khabur. See Kabour.
Khodarah, el, the Cliadra of Edriai, and perhapa
the Colania Augusta of Ptolemy, t, Tlemsan, in
Algiera, near the rivei Shelliff, 66 m, S, S, W.
Algiera, Khaibar, t. Hedsjas, in Arabia, 120 m. E. N, E,
Medina. Lon, 40° 6ff E. Lat, 25° 10' N,
Khaliiz. See Kalitz.
Khami. See Hami.
Khamiesberg, a station of the Wesleyan Mis
sionary Society, in Little Namaqualand, in South
Africa, Khanakee, t Irak Arabi, 98 ra, N. E. Bagdad,
Khandesh, province. Hind, between 21° and
23° N. lat, bounded N, by Malwah, W, by Guje
rat, S. by Aurungabad, E. by Berar.
Khangah, el, t. Egypt, 12 m. N, E, Cairo.
Kharasm, country, Asia, lying along the E. aide .
of the Caapian sea, bounded S. by Korassan, and
E, by Great Bukharia, It is about 320 milea long
frora N. to S. and the aame diatance from E, to W,
The country is fertile, and was formerly populous,
but has rauch declined under the destructive
power of the Uabeks,
Kharshoot, r. A, Turkey, which falla into the
Black sea, near Tereboli,
Khasgunge, t. Hind, in Agra, Lon, 78° 36' E,
Lat, 27° 52' N,
47

KI A

3619

Khatanga, r, Siberia, which rises in Tomsk,
and, after a course of nearly 500 milea, falls into
the Northern ocean.
Khauar, or Hawari, t. Irak, in Persia, 200 m, N.
Ispahan. Khemlasa, t Hind, in Malwah. Lon. 78° 36'
E. Lat. 24° 15' N.
Khiber, or Teera, mts. on the N. boundary of
Afghanistan. Khievo. See Chiva.
Khilli, Cape, on the N, E. coaat of the ialand of
Negropont. Lon. 24° 4' E, Lat 38° Sff N.
Khillis, t Syria, at the foot of Mount Taurus,
28 ra. N. N, W. Aleppo,
Khisht, V. Fara, in Peraia, 63 m. E, Bushire.
Khodagunge, t. Hind, in Agra, on Callynuddy
river, 16 ra. fr. Cannonge.
Khadorkov, t Ruaaia, in ICiev, S. W . of the
city of Kiev. Pop. 3,300.
Khoee, t. Azerbijan, in Peraia, on the borders of
the lake of Ururaea. It is the emporium of a con
siderable trade between Persia and Turkey. ISO
m. W. Ardebil. Pop. 26,000.
Khagiloea, distriot ofFars, in Persia. Behaban
ia the capital,
Khojund, city, Great Bukharia, scarcely equal
led by any in this part of Asia for climate, beauty
cf situation, and populousness. The Sirr, or Si
hon, the ancient Jaxartea, flows under its walls,
120 m. N, E, Samarcand,
Khonsar, t. Persia, 92 m. N. W, Ispahan,
Khoordah, district, Hind, in Oriaaa, Khoordah,
or Khoordaghar, the capital, is SO m, S. W, of the
city of Cuttack.
Khoosgol, t. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon. 76° Iff
E. Lat. 16° 2ff N,
Khooslialgur, t Hind, in Ajraeer, Lon, 76°
4ffE, Lat 26° 27' N.
Khorassan. See Korassan.
Khorfakan, s-p. Ommon, in Arabia, on the Per
sian gulf, Lon, 55° 4ff E. Lat, 25° Iff N.
Khorumabad, (an, Corbienne,) t. Irak, in Per
aia, on the Kerah, 180 m, W, N, W, lapahan,
Khoseiob, t. Hedsjas, in Arabia, 26 ra, S, W.
Medina, Khozdar, t Beloochistan, Lon, 67° E, Lat,
30° Sff N.
Khyrabad, or Kairabad, district, Hind, in Oude,
between 27° and 28° N, lat, bounded W, by the
Ganges, and E. by the Gogra. Khyrabad, the
capital, is in lon. 80° 45' E. lat 27° 29' N,
Kiob, t, Chusistan, in Persia, on the Kerah, 200
ra, W, Ispahan,
Kiahingfou, t China, in the province of Tche
kiang, 'TIIb silk manufactures are very extensive,
130 ra, S, E, Nankin, Lon, 120° 14' E, Lat
32° N,
Kiakhto, t. A, Rusaia, in Irkoutsk, the centre of
all the trade carried on between the Russian and
Chinese erapires. The great fair ia held in De
ceraber, when merchauta flock thither from every
partof the Ruaaian erapire. They bring clotha,
furs, beavers, Russia and raorocco leather ; and
receive in exchange nankeens, silk stuffs, tea,
rhubarb, &c. The Rusaian and Chinese towns
are separate from each other, and each defended
by a fort TheChinese tcwn is called Nairaats-
chifl, 330 m. S. Irkoutsk.
Kiangari, t. Anatolia, 256 m. E. S, E, Constan
tinople, Kiangnan, province of China, bounded E. by
the sea,"N. by Skantuiig, W. by Honan, and S, by
Tchekiang and Quangaee, It may be eoiwidered

370

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as the centre of the navigation, Veafth, and com
merce of thia great empire. The great rivera
Hoanho and Yang-tae-kiang traverae it frora E, to
W. From N, to S, it ia crossed by the great ca
nal, which opena an intercourse with Pekin, Nan
kin is the capital,
Kiangsee, a fine province of China, extending
southwards frora Kiangnan to Quangtong. It
yields in abundance rice and ailk. An iramenae
manufacture of porcelain ia carried on at Kingte-
ching, Kiawa. See Kewow.
Kiawer, v. W, Africa, in Boorsalum, on the
Gambia. Kibban, t. Koordistan, 14 m, fr. the Euphrates,
80 W.Diarbekir,
Kibblestone, t. Eng, in Staffordshire, adjoining
to Stone. Pop, 1,056.
Kibblesworth, t. Eng, in Durhanii, 4 ra. S, by W,
Gateshead. Kichlingsberg, t Baden, 13 ra. N, W, Freyburg,
Kickaboo, or Red buck, araall r. Illinois, which
runa into the IlUnois on the N, a little below lake
Pioria. Kickapoos, Indians, in Illinois. They are scat
tered along the rivers Wabash, Illinois, and Mis
sissippi, but their largest aettlement is in a Prairie
90 m. N. by E. Vincennes. They raise tobacco,
corn, beans, and potatoea, have a great number of
horses, and are good hunters. The number of
warriors is about 600.
Kickemuit, a N. W. arm of Mount Hope bay,
R. I. 2 milea long and 4 a mile broad.
Kid, small isl, near the W, coast of Ireland, 3
m, S. W, Binwy Head,
Kidderminster, t Eng, in Worcester co. on the
Stour, and connected by an inland navigation
with Birmingham, Bristol, Liverpool, and Hull.
It has long been noted for its manufactures of
crapes, bombazines, and poplins. But the carpet
manufacture ia that which has taken the firmest
root, and promoted raoat easenUally the trade,
wealth, and population of the town. Pop. 8,038.
13 ra. N. Worcester, 126 N. W. Londou. Lon. 2°
14' W, Lat 52° 23' N,
Kidge. See -RTe/,
Kidnappers, Cope, on the E. coast of New Zea
land. Lon. 182° 24' W, Lat. 39° 4ff S.
Kidron, in Sac. Geog. a brook flowing through
a valley between Jerusalem and Mount OUvet
into the Dead sea,
Kidwelly, t. South wales, in Caermarthen co.
on both sides of the Leaser Gwendraeth. Coal
aud iron abound in the neighbourhood. 10 m. S,
Caermarthen, 226 W, London. Lon, 4° Iff \V.
Lat. 51° 44' N. Pop, 1,441.
Kieidani, or Keidani, Eu. Russia, in Wilna,
near Kowno, Pop, 2,700.
Kiel, t, Denmark, and cap, of Holstein, at the
bottom ofa bay or gulf in the Baltic, which forms
a convenient harbor. Ship-bu;iding a,nd mercan
tile agency are the principal occupations here.
The manufactures are hats, tobacco, starch, and
sugar refining. A great annual fair takea place
in January, It ia the aeat of a univei-sity, which
contained in 1818, only 107 atuilents; the nuraber
of regular profeasora is, howcrer, 19, besidea 10
extraordinary, 26 m. S. E. Sleawick, 61 N. Ham
burgh. Lon, 10° ff 18" E, Lat, 64° Iff 43" N,
Pop. 8,000,
Kiel, a canal of Denraark, in Hohtein, which
joina the Baltic to the Eyder, thus tbrminir a com-
muuic'dtion with the German ocean. It is '22J

mUes long, from 90 to 100 feet wide at the sur
face, 54 at the bottom, aud at least 10 feet deep.
It has 6 aluicea, and ia capable of adraitting ves
sels 95 feet in length, 24 in width, and of 9 feet
draught, Kieke, t, Poland, in Cracow, 24 ra, E, by N.
Malagocz, Pop, 2,400,
Kiemi, or Kimi, t Russia, in Finland, on the
river Kiemi, 3 ra, fr. its mouth, 11 S- E. Tornea.
Lon. 24° 27' E. Lat. 66° 4ff N.
Kieming, t, Russia, in Finland, on the river
Jio, which falls into the guU of Bothnia,
ICien, small isl, in the Baltic, near the N, W.
coast of Russia.
Kknvliing-fau, city, China, in the prorince of
Fokien, or Footchien, on the river Minho, Lon.
117° 2'E. Lat 27° 5'N.
Kiensheim, v. France, in Upper Rhine, 6 m. N.
N. W. Colmar,
Kien-tchang-fou, city, China, of the first rank,
in Kiang-si. Lon, 118° 2ff E, Lat 27° 35' N,
Kieoukiang, city of the province of Kiangsee,
in China, on the Yang-tse-kiang, 3 or 4 mfles he-
fore its junction vrith the lake Poyang, Lon-
115° 41' E. Lat 29° 54' N,
Kiera. See Santorin.
Kjersch. See Kertsch.
Kiertiminde, t. Denmark, in the island of Fu
nen, 8 ra, E. N.E- Odensee, Lon, 10° 40' E, Lat
56° 22'N. Pop, 1,000.
Kiev, a govemraent in the S. W, of Eu, Russia,
bounded by PodoUa, Volhynia, Minsk, Tachemi-
gov, and Poltavji, frora which last it ia separated
by the Dnieper, It lies between 28° 40' and 33°
25' E, lon, and 48° 30' and 51° 50' N. lat Ex
tent, 21,000 aq, railes. Pop. about a mUlion.
Kiev, Kiov, or Kiow, t Eu. Russia, and cap. of
the preceding govemment, stands on the right
bank of the Dnieper, and consists properly of 3
towns, viz. Uie Old 'Town, Podol or the Lower
Town, aud the fortress of Petscherski. It has a
university, eatabliahed in 1803, The church of
St. Sophia at Kiev, being the earliest Christian
church in Russia, ia an object of great intereat,
and of frequent pilgrimage to the followers of the
Greek faith, 270 m, N. by W. Cherson. Lon.
30° 27' E. Lat 50° 27' N. Pop. about 20,000.
Kikacco, t. Congo, in Africa, on the river Boki-
an, 30 m. S. E. Pango.
Kikiany, amall isl. at the S. extremity of the
Japanese group. Lon. 132°- 25' E. Lat 29°
40' N.
Kilang. See Keelan.
Kilbom. See Kinburn.
Kilbrannin Sound, ou the coast of ScoUand,
between the peninsula of Kintyre and the isle oi
Arran. Kikock, V. Ireland, in Kildare, ou the Blackwa
ter, 14 ra, W, by N, Dublin.
Kilconquhar. v. ScoUand, in Fifeshire, on the
frith of Forth, 1 m. N. Ely.
Kilcullen, or Kilodtm Bridge, t Ireland, in
Kildare co, on the Liffev, 21 m. S. W. Dublin, 7
E. Kildaie.
Kildare, co, Ireland, bounded N, by Meath, E,
by Dublin and Wicklow, S. by Carlow, and W,
by King's and Queen'a counties. Extent, 693 sq.
miles. The county is mostiy an extensive flat of
fine arable soil. Pop, at least 110,000. The
proportion of Catholics to Protestants is 30 to 1.
Kildare, t. Ireland, in Kildare co. It is chiefly
supported by the frequent horse races in the neigh
bourhood, having; littie or no trade, 33 m, W, N

K I L

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371

W, Wicklow, 25 W, S, W, Dublin, Lon, 6° 57'
W. Lat. 63° 4' N.
Kildare, t, Warwick oo. Lower Canada, 34 m.
N. Monfreal.
Kildoreny, v. Ireland, in Cork co. 107 m, S, W,
Dublin, Kilduyn, isl, in the Arctic ocean, on tiie coast
of Lapland. Lon, 33° 8' E. Lat. 68° 48' N,
Kildysart, t Ireland, in Clare co, on the Shan
non, 122 m, S, W. Dublin.
Kilrf; t Balk, in Central Asia, on the left side
of the Oxus, 60 ra, N, W, Balk.
Kilpenara, v. Ireland, in Clare co. 116 ra. frora
Dublin. Kilfinichen, and Kihnceuen, pariah, Scotland,
in Argyleahire, in the island of Mull. Pop. 3,206.
Kilgerron, or CUgerran, v. South Wales, in
Pembroke CO. on the Tivy, 4m. S.W.Cardigan.
Pop. 769.
Kilia Nova, t Eu. Russia, in Bessarabia, on the
N. branch of the Danube, which is navigable to
this town for the largest vessels used in the navi
gation of the Black sea. The maritime trade of
Moldavia,Walachia, aud Bulgaria, paasea through
thia place ; and it exports to the countriea bor
dering on the Mediterranean, wool, goata' hair,
honey, tallow, wine, wax, 'aides, and corn. 84 ra.
S. W. Bender, 313 N. by E. Conatantinople. Lon.
30°2ffE. Lat 45° SO'N.
Kilios, t. Anatolia, in A. Turkey, on the coaat
ef the Blacksea, 60 m. W. S. W. Araasieh.
Kilkary, t. India, in the Carnatic. Lon. 78°
Sff E. Lat 9° Iff N.
Kilkeek, v. Ireland, on the coaat of Down co.
65 m. N. by E. Dublin.
Kilkenny, co, Ireland, in the province of Lein
ster, bounded N, W, by Queen'a co, N. by Car-
low CO, E. by Wexford, and S. W, by Tipperary,
It contains 610,000 acres. Pop. in 1800, 108,000,
of whom 96,000 were CathoUcs,
Kilkenny, city, Ireland, and cap, of the above
county, is deUghtfuUy situated on the banks ofthe
river Nore, The town contains the castie of the
earl of Ormond, the cathedral, the bishop's pal
ace, the celebrated college or free achool, a thea
tre, &c Lon. 7° 16' W, Lat 52° Sff N, Pop,
14,975, Kilkenny, t. Leinster co. Lower Canada, 30 m.
N. W. Montreal.
Kilkenny, t. Coos co, N, H. 8 m, N, E. Lancas
ter. Pop. 28.
Kilkenny, p-t St. Lawrence co, N. Y.
Kilkerran Bay, harbor, Ireland, in Galway co,
Lon. 9° 60' W. Lat 63° 15' N.
Killack, s-p, Mekran, in Persia, on the Indian
ocean, 70 ni, N, W, Churbar,
Killah Hashem Khan, t Peraia, 61 m, S, S, E.
Sultania. Killala, t. Ireland, in Mayo co. on a fine bay of
tiie Atlantic, 127 m. N. W. DubUn, 24 N. CasUe-
bar. Lon. 9° 3' W. Lat. 54° 12' N.
Killoke, t Ireland, in Clare co. on the W. bank
of the Shannon, 11 m. N. N. E. Limerick.
Killamarsh, t Eng. in Derbyshire, 94 m. N. E.
Chesterfield. Pop. 632.
Killard Point, cape, on the E. coast of Ireland,
6 ra, E, Downpatrick. Lon, 5° 27' W, Lat. 64°
22'N. Killamey, t. Ireland, in Kerry co. It is a thri
ving town, much frequented, on account of the
adjoining lake, which is reraarkable for ita pic
turesque beauties. Killarney ia the residence of
the Roman Catholic bishop. 38 ra. W, Cork, 144

S. W. Dublin. Lon, 9° 32' W. Lat 51° 49' NT.
Pop, 5,000.
Kitlbegan, t. Ireland, in Westraealh co, on the
river Brosna, remarkable for two old monaste
ries. 44 m, W, DubUn, 15 E, Athlone.
Killbuck, 1. Ohio, which runs into "White wo-
raan'a creek, 3 ra, above ita junction with the
Muskingura. Killeen, t. Ireland, in Meath, 7 m, S, S. E.
Navan. Killery Harbor, bay, on the W. coast of Ireland.
Lon 9° 4ff W, Lat- 53° Sff N.
Killeshondra, v. Ireland, in Cavan co, on the
river Croghan, 61 m, N. W. DubUn.
KiUiecrankie, a noted pass to the highlands of
Scotland, in Athol, near the junction of the Tum-
mel with the Garry.
Killin, V. Scotland, in Perth co, at the W, end
of Loch Tay,
Killingly, p-t, Windham co, Ct, on the Quinne-
baug, 25 m, W, Prpvidence, 46 E, Hartford.
Pop, 2,512. It contains 4 churches, 3 for Con
gregationaUsta, and 1 for Baptiats. Stone is found
here good for whetstones, and a quarry of aoft
stone used for jambs.
Kulington. See Slierbufne.
Killington peak,] one of the highest summits of
the Green mountains, in Vermont, 10 m. E. Rut
land, KiUingworth, t Eng, in Northumberland, 6 m,
N, E, NewcasUe-upon-Tyne, Pop, 889.
KiUingworth, p-t. Middlesex co, Ct, on Long-
Island Sound, 26 m, E. New Haven, 38 S. E.
Hartford, 26 W. New London. Pop, 2,244, It
haa a harbor with 8 feet water on the bar, and
owns some shipping. The viUage contains about
70 houses, and ia built on a street, 14 miles long,
which is crossed by Indian river,
Killmacduagh, v. Ireland, in Galway co, 12 m.
N. Ennis.
Killmallock, t Ireland, in Limerick co. About
three centuries back il was one of the best built
inland towns of Ireland, 4 m, N, E, CharleviUe,
16 S, Limerick. Lon, 8° 31' W, Lat 62° 16' N.
Killmichael Point, cape, on the W, coast of
Ireland,. Lon. 6° 9' W, Lat, 52° 44' N.
KiUough, s-p. Ireland, in Down co, with a fine
harbor, 5 m, S, Downpatrick, 75 N, N, E, Dub
Un, Lon. 5° 45' W, Lat 54° Iff N,
Killybegs, t. Ireland, in Donegal co, on Done
gal bay, 124 ra, N, W, Dublin, 13 W. Donegal,
Lon, 8° 48' W, Lat, 54° 30' N,
Killyleagli, t Ireland, in Down co. on an arm
of Lough Slr.angford, 7 ra. N. N, E, Downpatrick,
15 S, S.»E, Belfast Lon, 5°4ffW. Lat 54°
25' N.
Kilmacthomas, v, Ireland, in Waterford, 83 m.
S, S, W. Dublin,
Kilmahog, v. Scotland, in Perthahire, 1 m, W.
Callander. Kilmalic, parish, Scotland, in the counties of
Inverness and Argyle, Pop, 4,645.
Kilmamvaig, parish, Scotlaud, in Inverness-
shire, Pop, 2,407.
Kilmany, v, Scotland, in Fifeshire, 5 m, fr. Cu
par in Fife.
Kilmarnock, or St. Mamoch, t. Scotiand, in Ayr-
8hii;p, on Kilmarnock river. It ia the principal
manufacturing town in the county, and for many
years has carried on a considerable trade. The
principal manufactures are carpets, shoea, blank
ets, tartans, and other woollen cloths; bonnets,
caps, mits, stockings, gloves, leather, and .aaddle?

372

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K I N

ry. Pop, in 1819, 14,000. 22 m. S. W. Glasgow,
12 N. E. Ayr, 64 S, W. Edinburg. Lon. 4° 27'
W, Lat56°4ffN.
Kilmarnock, p-v. Lancaster co. Va.
Kilmaurs, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire. Pop. 500.
Kilmore, v. Ireland, in Cavan co. 34 ra. from
Cavan. Kilmwrry, v. Ireland, on the coafet of Clare co.
129m.fr. Dublin.
Kilonga, t Benguela, in Africa, 15 m. up the
river Benguela.
Kilongo, district of Loango, W. Africa, 30 m,
N, W. Loango. Lat 4° 26 S.
Kilpalrick, v. Scotland, on the Clyde, 10 m. W.
Glasgow. Pop. 500.
Kilrea, t Ireland, in Londonderry co. 1(52 ra. N.
DubUn. Kilrenny, royal burgh, Scotland, in Fifeshire.
Pop. about 200.
Kilrush, p-t. Ireland, in Clare co. on the Shan
non, 142 m. S. W. Dublin,
Kilsyth, V. Scotland, in Stirling co. The in
habitanta are chiefly employed in weaving for the
Glasgow manufacturers. Pop. in 1819, 1,500.
124 m, E.by N. Glasgow, 114 VV. Falkirk, 16 S.
W. Stirling, 16 N. Hamilton.
Kilwinning, t Scotland, in Ayrshire, on the
Garuock, 3 m, N. N. W. Irvine, 28 S. W. Glas
gow. Pop. 1,260.
Kilwarth, t. Ireland, iu Cork co. 104 m. S. W.
Dublin. Kimberworth, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 2 m, W. by
N, Rotherham. Pop, 3,482.
Kimbolton, (an, Kinnibantum,) t. Eng. in Hun
tingdon, 64 m, E, Higham Ferrers, 64 N, London.
Pop, 1,400.
Kimedy, t. Hind, in Northern Circars. Lon.
84° 11' E, Lat 18° 48' N.
Kimeridge, or Kommeridge, v. Eng, in Dorset
shire, 44 m, W, S, W, Corfe castle,
Kimi Lappmark. See Kiemi.
Kimihie, or Camagichi, r. Arkansaw Territory,
which runs into Red river,
Kimkina, t. Eu, Turkey, in Walachia, on the
river Aluta, 53 m. N. Bucharest,
Kimmoa. See -fiTemmoo.
Kimpolung, t, Austrian Poland, in the Bucko-
wine, 116 ra, W, N, W, Jassy, Lon, 26° 8' E,
Lat 47° 42'N,
Kinataur, t. India, in the Carnatic, Lon, 79°
19' E, Lat 12° 16' N,
Kinburn, properly Kilbom, a sraall fortress in
the S, W, of European Russia, in the government
0/ Taurida, on the Black sea, on the S, aide ofthe
eatuary of the Dnieper, The harbor is tolerably
secure, Lon, 31° Sff E, Lat, 46° 36' N,
Kincanon's iron-works, p-v. Surry co, N, C,
Kincardineshire, or the Mearns, co, Scotland,
bounded E, by the Gerraan ocean, N, by the riv
er Dee and part of Aberdeenahire, W, and S, by
Angua CO. Extent, 380 aq. railes, or 243,444
acres. About one half the county conaists of high
hilla or barren heaths, which altogether preclude
cultivation. Pop, in 1801, 26,349; in 1811,
27,681, Kincardine, formeriy West Pans, t. Scotland,
itt Perth co, on the Forth. Pop. 1,200.
Kincardine O'Neil, v. Scotland, in Aberdeen
shire, on the Dee.
Kinchan, the narae of the river Yang-tae-kiang,
in the upper part of ita courae. See Yang-tse-
Idang. ¦Kmera-g Point, promontory, Scotland, on the

frith of Forth, forming the S. E. boundary <^
Largo bay.
Kindeibruck, t. Pruaaian Saxony, near the Wip
per, 21 m. N. E. Erfurt. Pop. 1,200,
Kinderhook creek, r, N, Y, rises in Berlin, Rens
selaer CO, and flowing S. E, receives Claverick
creek, and a mile below enters the Hudsoii, at
Kinderhook, Kinderhook, p-t, Columbia co, N, Y, on Hudson
river, 10 ra, above Hudson, 20 below Albany,
Pop, 3,709, Here is an academy, and an exten
sive cotton factory. At Kinderhook landing there
is a post-oflice,
Kinderton, v, Eng, in Cheater, 14 m, E. Middle-
wich. Kind, r. A, Russia, which falls into the Samara,
22 m. above the city of Samara.
Kinetan, t Eng. iu Warwickshire, 85 m. N. W.
London. Lon. 1° Sff W. Lat 52° ff N.
King-and-Queen, co. Va. on Mattapoony river,
which separateS4t from King William Co. Pop.
10,988. Slaves, 6,003. Chieftown, Dunkirk.
At the court-house ia a poat-ofHce.
Kingan-fou, city, China, of the firat rank, in
Kiangaee, on the river Kankian. Lon. 114° 32'
E. Lat 27° 7' N,
King creek, p-v, Barnwell co, S, C.
King George, co. between the Potomac and
Rappahannock rivers. Pop. 6,454. Slaves,
3,876. At the court-house is a post-office.
King George's Islands, two islanda in the Pa
cific ocean, discovered by commodore Byron in
1765, and visited by captain Cook in 1773. Lon.
149° 2' W. Lat 14° Sff S.
King George's Sound. See Nootka Sound.
King George the Third's Archipelago, group of
islands on the W. coast of N. America. Lon. 223^!
45' to 225° 374' E. Lat 56° 10' to 68° Iff N.
King George the Third's Island. See Otaheite,
King George the Third's Sound, a capacious
bay on the S. coaat of New Holland. Lon. of
Bald Head, the entrance into the aound, 118° <f
45" E. Lat 36° 6' 15" S.
Kinghele, t W. Africa, cap. of Cacongo, on the
Loango Louiaa.
Kinghom, a royal burgh, ScoUand, in Fife
shire, on the frith of Forth, 9 m. N. by E. Edin
burgh, 204 S. by W. Cupar. Lon. 3° Iff W. Lat
56° ff N. Pop. 1,212.
King's, CO. Ireland, bounded N. by East and
West Meath, E. by Kildare and Queen's county,
S. by Tipperary, aud W. by Galway, from whicli
it is separated by the river Shannon. Extent, 707
square miles, or 453,370 acres. More thanathird
part of the whole country is occupied by bog and
mountain. Pop. 130,000.
Kings, CO. New Brunswick, on both sides of the
river St John, bounded on the E. by Charlotte
CO. S. by St John co. W. by the countiea of West
moreland and Northumberland, and N. by a line
running S, E, and N. W, from Spoon island in St
John's river.
King's, CO, N, Y, comprises the W, end of Long
Island, and ia bounded E, by Queens co. Pop,
8,303, Chieftown, Flatbuah,
King's Bams, v. Scotiand, in Fifeshire, 6 m,
S, E, St Andrew's,
King's Bay, bay on Uie S, E, coast of Nova Sco
tia, Lon, 69° Iff W, Lat, 44° 32' N,
Kingsbridge, t Eng, in Devonshire, 14 m, S, W,
Dftrbnouth, 206 W, London, Lon, 3° 4ff W.
Lat 50° 17' N, Pop, 1,242,
Kingsbury, p-t, Washington co. N, Y, on the

K I N

K I N

373

Hudson, 62 m, above Albany, Pop, 2,272. See
SandyhilL Kingsclear, t, York co. New Bruna-wick, on the
W, aide ofthe river St, John, adjoining Frederick-
ton. Kingsckre, t, Eng, iu Southamptonahire, 174
m, S. W. Reading, 56 W. London. Pop. 1,863.
Kingsdown, v. Eng. in Kent, 24 m. from Deal.
Kingsessing, t. Philadelphia co. Pa. Pop. 903.
Kingsey, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the river St Francis, 35 m. S. by E. Three-Riv
ers. King's ferry, p-v. Monongalia co. Va.
Kingrfiebi, t Somerset co. Maine, 40 m. N. W.
Norridgewock, King's Island, isl, in the W. exfreraity of Bass'
sfraits, in 39° 36' 3, lat and 143° 64' E, lon, 48 m,
frora the main.
King's Island, isl, on the N, W, coast of Amer
ica, separated from the continental ahore of New
Albion, by Banke's canal, Lat, 61° 56' to 62°
2ff N,
King's Kerswell t, Eng. in Devonshire, 4 m.
from Ne-wtou Abbea.
King's Keys, ialeta in the Spaniah Main. Lon.
82° 35' W. Lat 12*42' N.
Kingsky, t Eng. in Chester, 3 m. S. E. Frods
ham. King's Lynn, See I/ynn Regis,
Kingsmill, Paint, on the N. W. coast of Amer
ica, the S. W. point of Prince Frederick's aound.
Lon. 225° 49' E. Lat 56° 52' N.
King's Mountain, mt. in the W. part of N. C.
25 m. W, Charlotteuburg.
King's JVorton, parish Eng, in Worcester, 4 m.
from Birmingham, Pop, 3,068,
King's Point, the N, W. extremity of Sumatra,
15m, W, Acheen, Lon, 97° 27' E, Lat,5° SffN,
King's River, r, Ireland, which runa into the
Liffy, 14 m. S. Bleasington,
Kingstonky, parish, Eng, in Gloucestershire,
3 m, from Stroud. Pop, 1,722,
Kingston, parish, Eng, in Somerset, 4 m, from
Taunton, Pop. 847.
Kingston, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 3 m. S. W.
Modbury. Kingston, t. Eng, in Dorsetshire, 1 m. from
Corfe Castle.
Kingston, s-p. of Jamaica, on the S. coast ofthe
island,on a bay into which f easela ofthe largest bur
den may anchor in aafety. It waa founded in 1693,
after the deatruction of Port Royal by an earth
quake iu the preceding year. It is on a plain,
which rises, with a gradual ascent, to the foot of
the Liguanea mountains, a distance of about six
miles. 10 m.. E. Spanish Town. Lon. 76° 33' W .
Lat 18° N. Pop. 33,000, ofwhich number 10,000
are whitea, 18,000 alavea, 2,600 people of colour,
and 2,500 negroes.
-K'ings/on,t.andcap. of the ialand of St. Vincent's
in the W. Indiea. Lon. 81° W. Lat. 13° 6' N.
Kingston, t. Upper Canada, the largeat and
most populous ofthe province. It ia advantageous
ly seated at the E. extremity of Lake Ontario.
It is regularly laid out, aud contains a govemraent-
faouae, a court-house, a Protestant and a Catholic
church, a market-house, a jail, hoapital, and about
370 dwelling-houaes. For the last 20 yeara the
town has obtained conaiderable mercantile impor
tance. It is now the main entrepot between Mon
freal and aU the settlements along the lakes to the
-westward. From the comraenceraent of apring
untilthe latter end of antumn, great activity ,pre-

¦vaila. The harbour is well sheltered and conven
ient, acceaaible to ahipa not requiring more than
three fathoma water, with good anchorage close to
the N, E, extremity of the town i the entrance ta
it is defended by a battery on Mississaga Point,
and another on Point Frederick, which, with the
shoal atretching from the former, with only five
feet of water upon it, are quite aufiicient for its
protection. Kingaton possesses one of the beat
harbours on the lake ; and it is the naval arsenal
of Great Britain in this quarter, where ships of
war, even of the ffrst rate, have been constructed,
190m, N, W, Montreal, Lon, 76° 40' W, Lat, 44°
ffN, Kingston, t, and cap. Kings co. New Brunswick^
on Kennebecasis bay,
Kingston, p-t, Rockingham co, N, H, 17 m, S.
W, Portamouth, Pop, 746,
Kingston, t Addiaon co, Vt 22 m, S, W. Mont
peUer, Pop, 324,
Kingston, p-t, Plymouth co, Maas, on Plymouth
bay, 4 ra, N, W, Plymouth, 32 S. E, Boaton. Pop,
1,137, Here are iron worka.
Kingston, formerly Esopus, p-t. and cap, Ulater
CO, N, Y, onthe Hudaon, 66 m, below Albany, 100
above New- York. Pop, 2,540. The viUage of
Kingston ia pleasantiy aituated on Eaopua creek,
about 3 m, from tbe Hudaon, and containa 150
dwelling-houaea, a court-houae and jail, an acade
my, a church, a market-houae, a bank, and 2
printing-oflices, Kingston, v, Middleaex co. N, J, 3 m, N, E,
Princeton, 16 S, W, Brunawick,
Kingston, p-t. Luzern co. Pa, onthe Suaquehan
nah, opposite Wilkesbarre, Pop, 832,
Kingston, v, Talbot co,-Md, on the E, side of the
Choptank, 4 m, below its forks.
Kingston, p-t, Somerset oo, Md,
Kingston, t. Georgetown district, S, C, on Wac-
caraa river, 40 ra, N, E, Georgetown,
Kingston, p-t. and cap, Roane co. Ten. at the
confluence of Clinch aud Holston rivers, 60 m, be
low KnoxviUe,
Kingston, t Delaware co- Ohio,
Kingston, t. Roas co, Ohio, 10 m, N, E, ChiUi
cothe, Kingston Blount, t. Eng, in Oxfordshire, 4 m, E,
S, E, Tetaworth,
Kingston upon Hull. See Hull.
Kingston upon Thames, t Eng, in Surry, on the
right bank ofthe Tharaea, Here many of the Sax
on kinga were crowned, 10 ra, S, W, London.
Lon, 0° 18' W, Lat, 61° 24' N, Pop, 4, 144,
Kingstree, p-v, Williamaborough co, S. C,
Kingsv^e. See Joy.
KingsviUe, t. Aahtabula co, Ohio, on Lake Erie,
Sra, N.E. Jefferson,
King fSufinford, parish, Eng, in Staffordahire,
where are conaiderable raanufacturea of glass and
earthen ware, Frora the advantages ofthe adja
cent canals to Dudley, Stourbridge, Wolverhamp
ton, and Stafford, which open a comraunication
with the principal rivers of the kingdom, it haa of
late become a place of great opulence and trade.
Pop. 8,267, 3 ra,from Stourbridge,
Kingswood Forest, Eng, in Glouceaterahire, near
Briatol, Itcomprisea 5,000 acrea, and is full of
coal minea, -
King-tcheou-fau, city, China, of the first rank,
in Houquang, on the Yang-tse-kiang:, It is well
fortified, and is considered, fromifs situation, one
of the keys of the empire, Lon, 111° 37' E, Lat
30°2ffN.

374

K I N

K I R

King-te-ching, t, China, in Kiangsee, The in
habitants are entirely devoted to the raanufacture
of porcelain. It is on a river, which coraraunicates
with the Poyang lake at Yan-choo-fou, Lon, 116°
56' E, Lat 29° 2ff N. Pop, estimated at 1,000,000,
Kington, or Kineton, t, Eng, in Hereford, on the
Arrow, 19 m, N, W, Hereford. Lon, 3° W, Lat
62° Iff N, Pop, 1,617.
Kingtong-fou, city of Yunnan, in China, Lon,
100° 39' E. Lat 24° Sff N,
King William, co, Va, between the forks of
York river. Pop, 9,285, Slaves, 5,785. At the
court-house ia a post-office.
Kingwilliam mills, p-v. King WilUam co. Va.
King WiUiam's Island, amall isl. in Dampier's
sfrait Lon. 130° 51' E. Lat, 0° 33, N.
Kingwood, t. Hunterdon co, N, J, on Delaware
river, 6 ra, below Alexandria, Pop, 2,605,
Kingwood, p-v, Monongalia co, Va,
King-yong-fou, t. China, in the W, part of
Shenaee, It ia strongly fortified with walls and
ditches. Lon, 107° 2ff E, Lat 36° 6' N,
Kinhoa-fou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Tchekiank, forraerly of great extent and beauty.
The Tartars destroyed a great part of the city,
Lon. 119° 16' E. Lat 29° Iff N,
Kinikli, t. Eu, Turkey, 43 m, W, Constantino
ple, Kinmenso, small isl, off the coaat of Footchein,
in China, Lon, 118° 20' E, Lat 24° SO' N,
Kinnaird' s-head, (an. Promontorium Taixali-
um,) promontory, on the E. coast of Scotland,
which forms the S, boundary of the Moray frith.
It has a light-house,
Kinnegod, v. Ireland, in Westmeath, 29 m, from
Dublin, Kinnekulk, mt, Sweden, in Weat Gothland, on
the banka ofthe lake of Wenner.
Kinnell, r, Scotland, in Dumfriea-shire, which
falla into the Annan al Broomhill,
Kinnickinnick, r, Ohio, which runa into the E.
aide of the Scioto, 7 ra, above ChilUcothe.
Kinogam, r. Canada, which runs from Lake
Wickwa to the river Saguenay. Lon. 71° 31' W.
Lat 48° 34' N.
Kinross-shire, county, Scotland, bounded N. and
W. by Perth, and S, and E. by Fifeshire, Extent,
83 square miles. Pop. in I8I1, 7,245.
Kinross, t. Scotiand, and cap. of Kinroaa-ahire, ia
finely aituated at the W. end of Loch Leven. It
formerly manufactured linen to the amount of be
tween 4,000/, and 6,000/. annually ; but the peo
ple are now moatly eraployed in weaving cotton
gooda for the Glaagow raanufacturera, 16 m, S,
Perth, 23 E, N, E. Stirling, Pop, 2,124,
Kinsale, t. Irel-and, in Cork co, on a bay at the
mouth of the river Bandon, which forma a fine
harbour. The river ia navigable for large sloopa
near 12 railea above the town, Uiough a bar pre-
¦vents large men of war coming into the basin. The
harbor is most corapact and secure, ofa round form,
and perfectly land-locked byhigh hills, ao large that
the Engliah and Dutch Smyrna fleets have anchor
ed in this port. About fou r hundred boats are em
ployed frora this port inthe fisheries. Pop. 10,000,
136 ra, S, W, DubUn, 12 S, Cork,
Kinsale. p-v, Weatmoreland co, Va, 16 m, from
the court-house,'
Kinsman, p-t, Trumbull co, Ohio, 20 m, N, E,
Warren, Kinsombo, t Benguela, iu Africa, 25 m, S, E,
New Benguela,
Kington, p-t, Lenoir co, N, C,

Kintam, isl, offthe coast of Tchekiang, in China.
Lon, 121° 24' E, Lat, 30° ff N,
Kintore, royal burgh, ScoUand, in Aberdeen
shire, on the Don,
Kintyre, or Kuntyre, the aouthern dirision of
Argyleahire, in Scotiand, It ia a peninaula lying
between the frith of Clyde and the Atiantic ocean,
about 40 miles long, from N, to S, and 64 broad.
Pop, in 1811, 18,286,
Kintyre, Mull af, the S. pointof the'peninsula of
Kintyre, Lon. 6° 4ff W. Lat 66° 21' N. It haa
a Ught-house. Kinver, or Kinfore, parish, Eng. in Stafford
shire, 2 ra, frora Stourbridge. Pop. 1,668.
Kinure Point, cape on the S. coast of freland,
in Cork co. 4 ra. E. Kinsale harbour. Lon. 8°
26' W. Lat 61° 41' N,
Kinzig, one of the ten cfrcles into which the
grand duchy of Baden -was divided in 1810, It
lies along the Kinzig, Pop. 118,000.
Kinzig, r. Baden, which falb into the Rhine, hy
two raouths, at Kehl, opposite Strasburg,
Kioge, or Koge, s-p, Denmark, in the island of
Zealand, 10 m, S, Copenhagen, Lon, 12° 4ff E,
Lat, 55° 31' N, Pop, 1,400.
Kiastiendgi, t, Eu, Turkey, in Romania, on tke
Blacksea, lOOra, W, by N, SUistria.
Kiouktatoum, t. Birman empire, in Ava, on the
Irrawuddy river, Lon, 96° 36' E. Lat 21° 44' N.
Kippax, t Eng, in Yorkshfre, 64 m, W. Ferry
bridge, Kippen, v. Scotiand, on the S. bank ofthe Forth,
104 m. W, Stfrling,
Kippenheim, t. Baden, 22 m, N. E. Strasburg,
Pop, 1,600,
Kippure, mountains, Ireland, 10 m. S. Dub
lin, Kir, Kirhoresh, or Kirharesheth, in Sac. Geog,
a city of the Moabites. Alao, a place in Medi^
where the inhabitants of Damascua were carried.
Kirby in Kendal. See Kendal.
Kirin/ Moorside, t Eng. in Yorkshfre, 22 m. N.
by E. York. Lon. 1° 4' W. Lat. 54° Iff N. Pop.
1,673. Kirby, t. Caledonia co. Vt 33 m. N. E. Montpe
Uer. Pop. 311.
Kirchberg, t Wirtemberg, on the Jaxt, 28 m.
W. Anspach. Pop. 900.
Kirchberg, t Lower Ausfria, on the Wecksel.
Pop. 3,000.
Kirchberg, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 41 m. W. Mentz.
Circhberg, t. Saxony, circle of the Erzgebirge,
6 ra, S, Zwickau, Pop, 2, 100.
Kirchberg, t Lower Austria, on the Wagram,
Pop, 3,000,
Kirchberg, t Lower Ausfria, on the Bielach, 11
m, S, St Polten, 46 S, W, Vienna,
Kirchborchen, v. Prussian Westphalia, 5 m, S,
Paderborn. Kirchhayn, t, Prussian states, in Lower Lusa
tia, on the Bober, Lon, 13° 35' E, Lat 51° 36' N,
Pop, 3,500,
Kirchheim, t. Bavaria, on the Mindel, 29 m, E,
S,E,Ulm, Kirchheim, or Kirchen, t Wirtemberg, 15 m.
S. E. Stutgard. Pop. 1,350.
Kirchheim, or Kirchenunier Teck, t. Germany,
in Wirtemberg, on the Lauter, 15 m. S, E, Stut
gard, Pop, 5,050,
Kirchheim-Poland, t Bavarian circle of the
Rhine, Pop, 2,000, 28 m, N, W, Manheim, Lon,
7° 59' E, Lat 49° SffN,

K I R
Kitchhoffen, v, Germany, in Baden, 7 m, S. S,
\V. Freyburg,
Kirchlamitz, t. Bavarian atates, 8 m, N, Wun-
siedel, Kircidibin, v. Ireland, in Down co, on Lough
Strangford, 86 m, fr, Dublin,
Kirdorf, t Gerraany, in Hease-Darrastadt, 42 m,
S, S, W, Cassel,
Kirenga, r. A, Ruasia, in Irkoutsk, which falls
into the Lena,
Kirensk, t. A, Rusaia, in Irkoutak, on the Lena,
630 m,N, of Irkoutsk,
Kirghises, or Kirguis, a numerous and widely
extended people of independent Tartary, occupy
ing the immense uncultivated plains or steppes,
which extend to the east of the sea of Aral, and
from the Aral to the Caspian, along the southern
frontier of Asiatic Ruasia. They are divided into
three hordes, called the LitUe, the Middle, and
the Great Horde. The Kirghises of the Little
Horde occupy the most westerly position, and
wander over tiie plains to the S. and E. of the Ou-
ral, and between the Caspian and Aral. They
bring their flocks in suramer to the steppes be
tween the Oural and the Volga. The Middle
Horde live farther to the eaat, in vaat plains, to
the north ofthe Aral. These two hordes subsist
entirely on their flocks. The Great Horde are
estabUshed farther to the east and aouth, beyond
the Aral, on the banka ofthe Sirr or Sihon ; and
extend southwards to the frontiers of Bukhara and
Cashgar. The Kirghises ofthe Great Horde have
few relations with the Russian empire ; and
though some of them are pastoral, a considerable
proportion cultivate the land, and inhabit fertUe,
mUd, and well watered countries. The Little
and Middle Hordes have acknowledged themselvea
subjects of the Ruaaian empfre. The -Jlussian
govemment, however, do not exact from them
even the sraallest tribute ; on the contrary, they
pay regular pensions to all the principal chiefs, to
prevent them from pluudering on the Russian
frontier. The Little and Middle Hordes are said
to consist each of about 30,000 tents or farailies.
Their property consiats chiefly of horses, sheep, and
goats, with a few caraels. Some of them are very
rich in these possessions.
Kirilov, t|Eu. Russia, in Novgorod, 79 m. N. W.
Vologda. Pop. 2,200.
Kirin Oula, country, Chinese Tartary; inclosed
between the sea of Japan, the northern frontier
of Corea, and the river SaghaUen Oula. It is
700 milea long, and 200 broad. The climate ia
very severe, and it ia thinly peopled. The capital
ia ofthe same name, on the Songarie, which falls
into the SaghaUen, Lon, 126° 24' E, Lat, 43°
48' N, •
Kirjathaim, in Sac. Geog. 2 towns of Palestine,
one in the fribe of Reuben, and one in the tribe of
Naphtali. ^
Kirfolharim, Kirjothjearim, or Kirjath-baal, in
Sac. Geog. t Paleatine, in the tribe of Judah, on
the W. border of Benjamin,
Kirkaldy, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Fifeshire,
onthe frith of Forth, The harbour has about 14
feet water at ita enfrance in spring tides, and is
safe and well sheltered, except in storms from the
E. or N, E, Kirkaldy has now (1819) 6,500 tons
of shipping. There are several raills for spinning
flax in the town and vicinity. The principal raan
ufactures are bed ticks, checks, and sheetinga ; the
value of which ia about 130,000/, annually. About
15,000 tons of coal are annually wrought iu the

K I R

375

immediate neighbourhood, 13 ra. N, Edinburgh.
Lon. 3° Iff W. Lat 56° ff N. Pop. in 1811,
3,679. Kirkburton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 ra. fr. Wake
field. Pop. 1,693.
Kirkby, t Eng. in Lancaahire, 6 ra. fr. Liver
pool. Pop. 912.
Kirkby Island, ial. on the S. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 136° 10' E. Lat 34° Sff S.
Kirkby Lonsdale, t. Eng. in Westraoreland, on
tiie Lune, 12 ra. S, E. Kendal, 250 N. W, Lon
don. Lon. 2° Sff W, Lat 64° 12' N, Pop.
1,368. Kirkby Malseard, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 6 ra, W.
N. W. Rippon.
Kirkby, South, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 8 m, S.
Pontefract, Kirkby, Stephen, t Eng. in Westmoreland co.
on the Eden. The inhabitants are employed in
the wooUen raanufacture, and that of knit atock
inga. 23 ra. N, E. Kendal, 264 N. W.London. Lon.
2° 21' W. Lat 54° 2ff N. Pop. 1,235.
Kirkby Thorpe, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, 44 m.
N. W. Appleby.
Kirk-Clissa, or Kirk-Ekklesi, or Kirkleesan, t,
Eu, Turkey, in Romania, The inhabitants aup
port theraaelvea chiefly by a traflic in com, wine,
butter, and cheese. Part of them are Jews, SO
m, S, Adrianople, 100 W, Constantinople, Pop,
about 16,000:
Kirkcudb right, co. Scotland, bounded N. E. and
E. by Dumfries-shire, S, by Solway frith and the
Irish sea, W. by Wigtonshire, and N. W. by Ayr
shire. This county is exceedingly diversified,
both in ita aoil and aurface, 'The rearing of black
cattle is the chief occupation ofthe farmers. Pop.
in 1801, 29,058 ; in 1811, 33,684,
Kirkcudbright, royal burgh, Scotland, and cap.
of Kirkcudbright co. is pleasantiy aituated on the
Dee, aix mUes above its confluence with the Sol
way frith. The harbour is one of the raoat com
modious on the south coast of Scotiand. It is safe,
and well sheltered, and there is good anchorage at
its mouth, 28 m- S. W. Dumfries, Lon, 4° 4ff W,
Lat 64° 4ff N, Pop. 2,760.
Kirkdak, parish, Eng. in Yorkshire, 44 ra, N,
E, Helmealey,
Kirkdak, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. N. by E.
Liverpool, Kirkham, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 8 m. W, Pres
ton, 23 S. Lancaster, 223 N. W. London, Lon, 2°
61' W, Lat, 63° 46' N, Pop. 2,214.
Kirkland, t. Eng. in Westmoreland, adjoining
Kendal, Pop, 1,245,
Kirkkotlkim, t. Eng. in Yorkahire, 6 m. N. K.
W, Guiaborough.
Kirklistoun, v. Scotland, 8 m, W, Edinburgh.
Kirkoswald, t Eng. in Cumberland, on the E.
side of the river Eden, 84 m, N, E, Penrith, 292 N.
W, London. Lon, 2° 41' W. Lat 54° 45' N,
Kirk's mills, p-v, Lancaster co. Pa,
Kirkstall, v. Eng, in Yorkahire, noted for the re-
raaina of an abbey of Ciatercian monks,
Kirkton in Lindsey, in Lincolnshire, 20 ra. N.
Lincoln, 147 N, by W, London. Lon. 0° Sff W,
Lat 53° 2ff N, Pop. 1,631.
Kirkton Point, the W. point at the entrance in
to Port Lincoln, on the S, coast of New HoUand,
Kirkuktil or Kirkhalet, v. Guriel, in Turkey,
near the Black sea, -20 m. S. of the mouth of Pha
sis river,
Kirkwall, a royal burgh, Scotland, and chief
town ofthe stewartry of Orkney, in the isl, of Po-

376

K I S

mona. It ia on a neck of land, washed on one aida
by the road and'bay of KirkwaU, and on the other
by an inlet of the aea. The harbour is exceUent,
with au outer road, affording safe anchorage, 172
m, N, Inverneaa, Lon, 0° 2ff W, Lat 68° Sff N,
Pop. 2,621.
Kirkwood, t. Belraont co, Ohio, 14 m, W, St.
Clairsville. Pop. in 1819, 1,060.
Kirk-Yetholm. See Yetholm.
Kirlach, v. Germany, 7 m. E, S. E. Spire.
Kirmansha. See Kermanshaw.
Kim, or Kym,t. Pruasian province ofthe Low
er Rhine, on the river Nahe, 4 ra. S. by W. Cob
lentz, Pop. 1,250.
Kirnbaeh, t Baden, 21 m. E. by N, Carlsruhe.
Pop. 1,100.
Kirpan, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, SO m. S.
E. PhiUppopoli. Pop, 1,600,
Kirriemuir, t Scotland, in Forfar co. The sta
ple manufacture of the place is coarse linens. 18
m. N. Dundee, 64 N. W. Forfar. Pop. about
2,000. Kirooah. See Kowrowa.
Kirsanov, t. Eu, Russia, in Tambov, on the Vo-
rona, 6 ra, S, E, Tambov, Pop. 3,300,
Kirshacz, t, Eu. Russia, in Vladiittir, on the
Tirschan, 67 m. W, Vladimir,
Kirshehr, t, Anatolia, in Asiatic Turkey, aup
poaed by some to be the ancient Diocasarea, 84 m,
N, E, Konieh,
Kirthipore, t Hind, in Nepaul, Lon, 85° 37' E.
Lat 27° SffN,
Kirtk, r, Scotiand, in Dumfries, which falla in
to the Solway frith at Kirtlefoot
Kirwani, t, W, Africa, in Dentila, 20 m, W,
Baniserile, Kirweiler, t Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 18
m. S, Lauterburg, Pop, 1,100,
Kisch-ber, v. Hungary, 22 m. S. E. Raab,
Kischenau, t Ruaaian Moldavia, on the Dnies
ter, Lon, 29° 25' E, Lat, 46° 40' N,
Kischher, v, Hungary, in Jazyga, 14. m. E, Jasz-
Bereny, Kischkowo, t Prussian Poland, 19 m, N, W,
Posen, Kish, aand-bank in the Iriah sea, six miles long,
and hardly one wide, 7 ra, from the coast of Dub
lin CO, Lon, 6° 64' W. Lat 53° Iff N.
Kishcorran Mountains, mta. Ireland, in the S,
part of Sligo and Connaught counties,
Kishennogur, t. Bengal, on JeUinghy river.
Lon, 88° S5'^E, Lat, 23° 26' N,
Kishennogur, t Hind, in Ajraeer. Lon, 75° 1' E,
Lat 26° 32' N,
Kishengunga, r. Hind, which falls into the Jhy-
Inm, on the N, W, frontier of Lahore.
Kishiak, t. Persia, 146 m. W. Shiras,
Kishme, called also Jesira Derauz, (Long Isl
and) the largest island in the Persian gulf, 10 ra,
fr, Ormus, It ia 60 milea long, and 12 broad, tt
ja at present under the rule of an Arab chief, Lon,
66° 60' E, Lat, 26° 67' 3ff' N.
Kishon, in Sac. Geog, brook, which rises in
Mount Tabor, and flows into the Mediterranean
at Accho,
Kishtac, ialand in the Pacific, about 100 milea
long, and from 30 to 60 broad. Lon, 152° 30' to
164° Sff W, Lat 57° to 68° 4ff N,
Kishtac, ial, on the N, W, coastof America, E,
of Foggy Cape, on the S, E. side of the peninsula
'>f Alaska, and opposite the mouth ofCook'a river,
Ktshlewar, district, Hind, in Lahore, between

K I U
33° and 34° N, lat Kishtewar, the capital, is is
lon, 76° 2ff E, lat 34° 7' N,
Kisia, r. Asia, in Georgia, which falls into the
Kur. Kiskemanetas. See Conemaugh.
Kis-Moria, t Hungary, 20 m. S. by E. De-
breczin. Kissee. See Kissey.
Kisseen, s-p. onthe S. coaat of Arabia. Lon. 51*
50' E. Lat 15° IffN.
Kisser, isl. in the Eaatem aea, offthe N. E. ex
tremity of Tunor. Lon. 127° 6' E. Lat 8° 5' S. ,
Kissey, a town of Uberated negroea in the Pa
rish of St. Patrick, in the colony of Sierra Leone.
The Church Missionary Society have a miasionary
here. Pop. 869.
Kissing, v. Bavaria, 6 m. S. E. Augsburg.
Kissingen, t Bavarian atates, 32 m. N. Wurz«
burg. Lon. 10° 17' E. Lat 50° 14' N. Pop. 1,000^
Kistna, or Krishna, a celebrated river of the
aouth of India, which rises near the forfress of Sat-
tarah, only 5(1 mUes from the weatem coaat, and
pours ita waters, by various mouths, into the bay
of Bengal, a littie S. of Masulipatam. Its length ii
660 miles, but owing to the accumulation of sand
at its moutha, it ia not navigable by ahips.
Kistnaghurry, t. and forfreas, Hind, in Mysore,
Lon, 78° 23' E, Lat 12° 32' N. 66 m, W, S, W.
Arcot, 90 E, Seringapatam.
Kistnapatan, t India, on the coast of the Car
natic. Lon, 80° Iff E. Lat 14° IffN,
Kisty, t. A%haniatan, on the W. side ofthe In
dus. Lon. 70° ff E, Lat 29° 18'N,
Kite's mills, p-v. Rockingham co, Va,
Kitky, t. Leeds co. Up. Canada,
Kitnaise, v. Lower Egypt, on the left bank of
the NUe, 20 m, S, Faoua,
Kitriai, or Dalaus, t Greece, in Messenia, oc
cupying the site of the ancient Pharae,
Kitsee, or Koptseng, t. Hungary, in Weisenbui^,
8 ra, S, W. Presburg. Pop. 1,900,
Kittaning, p-t and cap, Armstrong co. Pa. on
the E, side of the AUeghany, 35 m, N, E. Pittsburg,
Pop, 1,506.
Kittatinny Mountains, a ridge of the AUeghany
mountains,- which runs through the N, parts of
New Jersey and Pennaylvania,
Kiitery, p-t- York co. Maine, at the mouth of
the Piscataqua, oppoaite Portsmouth, N. H. 6 m.
S. W, York. Pop. 2,019,
Kitloor, t Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 75° 10' E,
Lat- 16° 4ff N.
Kitzbichl, or Kitzbuhl, t Austrian dominions, in
Tyrol, 36 m, E, Inspruck,
Kitzingen, t. Bavaria, on Uie right bank of th*
Maine, 10 ra, E. S. E, Wurzburg, 34 N, N, W,
Anspach, Lon, 10° 12' E, Lat. 49° 42'N, Pop,
3,600, Kiveloar, t India, iu the Carnatic, 8 m, W, Ne-
gapatara. Kiun-cheu-fau, city, China, and cap, ofthe isl
and of Hainan, It is on the N. coast, and has a
port much frequented by Chinese vessels. The
trade of this place ia very conaiderable,
Kiusju. See Ximo.
Kiutaiah, city, cap, of Anatolia, in Asia Minor,
on the site of the ancient Cotyaium. Though not
ao populous as formerly, it is said still to contain
between 50,000 and 60,000 inhabitants, ofwhich
nuraber 10,000 are Arraenian, and 6,000 Greeks.
There are SO public baths, 50 mosques, 4 Arme
nian, and 1 Greek chureh, and 20 caravahaeras-
LoB. 29° 52' E. Lat. 39° ^'N.

K N A
¦Kiu-lcheou-fou, t. China, in Tchekiang, Lon,
118° Sff E, Lat, 29° Z N,
Kizilemiak, r, Asia Minor, (an, Halys,) which
risea near Kaisarieh, and falla into the Black aea,
about 40 m, S. of Sarasoon, in lon, 36° Iff E, and
lat, 41° 30' N, It ia the finest river in Asia
Minor, Kizilosen, r. Persia, which falla into the Caapi
an aea near Reahd,
Kisilskaia, fort. A, Russia, in Orenburg, at the
confluence ofthe Kezil and the Oural,
Kislar, or Kisliar, t in the govemraent of Cau
casus, in A, Russia, on the Terek, near its entrance
into the Caspian. Its trade is considerable, being
a sort of entrepot for the coramerce of Astracan
with Peraia and the interior of Caucasus. Lou.
46° 29' E. Lat 43° 51' N.
Kladova, t Eu. Turkey, on the Danube, 40 m.
N. W. Widdin.
Klan, t. Austrian Illyria, in Carniola, 30 m. E.
S. E. Trieste.
Klattau, circle in the south of Boheraia. Area,
870 sq. raUes. Pop, 140,000,
Klattau, or Klattowy, t. Bohemia, and cap, of a
circle, 69 ra, S, W, Prague, Lon, 13° 15' E, Lat,
49° 24' N, Pop, 4,000,
Kleck, t. Russian Lithuania, in Minsk, 24 m, W,
N, W. Sluck.
Klecko, t. Prussian Poland, 12 ra, W, N, W,
Gnesna, Kkcsewo, f, Poland, 42 ra, N, KaUach, Pop,
1,250, Kleeburg, t Bavarian province ofthe Rhine, in
Deux Fonts, 6 m, S, Wetzlar, Pop, 850,
Klein Gemund, v. Baden, on the Neckar, oppo
site Gemund,
Kleppen, sraall isl, nearthe W. coast of Africa,
Lat 32° Iff S.
Kksczel, t. Eu, Russia, in Bialystock, 12 m. E,
by S, Bielsk, Pop. 1,100.
Klimontow, t. Poland, 13 m. W. by S. Sendo
mir. Klin, t Eu. Russia, 56 m. N, by W. Moscow,
Lon. 36° 48' E. Lat. 66° 20' N. Pop. 1 , 1 00.
Klingenthol, v. Saxony, in Vogtland, 12 ra, E.
Oelsnitz, Pop, 1,000,
Klissura, strong place, Eu, Turkey, in Albania,
58 ra, N, by W, Joannina, Pop. 1,800.
Khbauk, t Moravia, 20 m. E. Hradisch. Pop.
2,500. Kkbucko, t Poland, 72 m. N. N. W. Cracow.
Pcp. 1,000.
Kloetze, t. Prassian Saxony, 48 ra. E, Zelle, 39
N, by W. Magdeburg, Pop. 1,550,
Kloppenburg, t. Gerraany, on the Soste, 60 m.
N, N. E, Munster, Lon. 7° 59' E. Lat 52° 50' N.
Klosterk, t. Bohemia, on the Egra, 15 ra. N. E.
Carlsbad, Pop. 1,000,
Klaster-Neuburg, t. Lower Austria, onthe right
side of the Danube, 6 ra, N, of Vienna, It takes
its narae frora a raonastery of the order of St, Au
gustine, founded in 1114, Here is the dock-yard
for the construction oflight armed veasels, for pro
tecting the navigation ofthe Danube ; also a large
manufacture of arms for account of govemraent
Lon, 16° 17' E. Lat, 48° IffN, Pop, 3,300, .
Kloten, t. Switzerland, 6 m. N. by E. .Zurich,
Klundert, t Netherlands, in North Brabant, 5
m. E. N. E. WiUiamstadt Lon,4°2ffE. Lat 51<*
Sff N. Pop. 700.
K-nap's Bay, in Hudaon'a Bay. Lon. 94° 54' W.
Lat,q].° Iff N,
Kriappsburg, p-v. in Oxford, Chenango co, N, Y,
¦ ¦ 48

K N O

377

Kjiaresborougli, or Gnaresborough, t Eng, in
Yorkshire, on the Nid, The inhabitanta arc prin
cipally employed in the raanufacture of linen, 18
ra. W, York, Lon, 1° 2ff W, Lat 64° 1' N, Pop,
4,234, Kniaginin, t. E. Ruasia, 40 m, E, N, E. Niz^ey-
Novgorod, Pop, 1,060.
Knielingen, v. Baden, on the Rhine. Pop.
1,100. Knife river, r. Miasouri Territory, which joins
the river Missouri on the S. at the Mandau vil
lages. Knighton, t South Wales, in Radnor, on the
river Teme, 10 ra. N. E, New Radnor. Lon, 3° 2'
W. Lat. 52° 14' N. Pop. 962,
Knighton upon Teame, hamlet, Eng. in Worces
ter, 3 m. fr, Tenbury,
KnighVs Canal, inlet, on the N, W. coastof
America. Lat 60° 4ff N.
Knight's Island, isl. in Behring's bay, separated
from the continent of America by a narrow chan
nel. Lon. 220° 47' E. Lat. 59° 46' N.
Knight's Island, isl, in Prince William's sound,
Lon, 212° 52' E, Lat, 60° 24' N,
Knight's Island, small isl, in Hudson'sbay, Lon,
93° Sff W, Lat. 61° 50' N.
Knight's Island, in the Pacific ocean, and the
largest of those called the Snares by captain Van
couver. The aouth point is in lon. 166° 44' E, lat.
48° 15' S.
Knin, t Auatrian Dalmatia, 40 ra, E. Zara,
Knin, t. Boheraia, 21 m, S, Prague.
Knipliausen, a-p, Germany, in the grand duchy
of Oldenburg, onthe Jade, 39 ra, E, Embden, Lon.
8°E. Lat 63° SffN.
Knisteneaur, a tribe of Indians, who chiefly re
side in the Britiah posaeasiona, N. of lake Superi
or, although some bands reside on streams running
into Red river. They are of a moderate stature,
weU proportioned, and of great acti-rity. Their
complexion is of a copper colour, and their hair
black. Their eyes are black, keen, and penetra
ting, and their countenances open aud agreeable,
Kniszin, t, Poland, 36 ra, N, Bielsk, Pop. 1,700.
Knittelfeld, t. Austria, in Upper Styria, on the
Muhr, 98 m, S, W. Vienna, Pop, 1,100,
Knittlingen, t Wirtemberg, 20 ra, W, HeU-
bronn. Pop, 2,100,
Knock, hiU, Scotiand, in Banff, a landmark in
navigating the Murray frith.
Knock Head, cape on the E, coast of Scotland, 3
ra, W, N. W, Banff
Knocknarea, cape, Ireland, in Sligo bay, 6 m.
W, SUgo,
KnocktorAer, t. Ireland, in Kilkenny, 63 ra, fr,
Dublin, Knot's Island, p-v, Currituck co. N. C,
Knottinglay, t Eng. in Yorkshire, on the Aire,
1 ra. S, E, Ferry Bridge, Pop. 3,327,
Knawlton, t. Suaaex co. N. J. Pop. 2,064.
Knowlton mills, p-v. Sussex co. N. J.
Knox, isl. one of Ingraham's islands in the Pa
cific. Lon. 141° W. Lat 8° ff S.
Knox, t. Hancock co. Maine, 25 m, N. W, Caa
tine. Knox, CO, East Tennessee, on the, S. side of
Clinch river, and intersected by the Holston, Pop,
10,171. Slaves, 1,271, Chief town, KnoxviUe,
Knox, CO. in the S, part of Kentucky, Pop,
6,875. Slaves, 1,271, Chief tosyn, Barboursville,
Knox, en. in the central part of Ohio, Pop,
2,149. Chieftown, ,\lount Vernon.
Kno.T, t. Colarobiapa co. Ohio. Pop. 481.

378

K O K

K O N

Knox, t Jefferaon co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 12
m. above SteubenviUe.
Kno.v, CO. Indiana, on the Wabash. Pop. in
1816, 6,800. Chieftown, Vincennes.
KnoxviUe^ p-t. and cap. Knox oo. Tenneaaee, on
the N. bank of the Holaton, 22 miles above its
junction with the Tfennessee, and 4 below the
mouth of French Broad river, 200 E. of NashviUe,
190 S. of Lexington, (Ky.) Lon. 84° W. Lat 36°
90' N. Pop. in 1818, estiraated at more than 2,000.
It is regularly laid out, and contains a court
house, jail, bank, a respectable academy, 3 housea
of ptiblio worship, and barracks large enough to
accommodate 300 men. A college -Was establish
ed in thia town several years since, but has not
yet gone into operation. It is entitled to the bene
fit of a donation from Congreas, which, it ia expect
ed, will yield a capital of 50,000 dollars.
KnoxvUk, p-t Jefferson co. Ohio, 4 m, W. Ohio
river, 114 N. SteubenvUle. Pop. in 1819, 120.
Knoyk, East, or Bishop's Knoyle, t Eng, in
Wiltshire, 3 m, S, W, Hindon, Pop, 905,
Kmttsford, or Canutsford, t, Eng, in Cheshire,
25 ra, E, by N, Chester, 176 N, W, London, Lou,
2° 22' W, Lat, 53° Iff N. Pop, 2,114,
Knyno, r. Wales, in Pembrokeshire, which
faUs into the Tivy, 6 m, below Cardigan,
-fifoameroQ, Cape, the S, E, point at the entrance
of Queen Charlotte's sound, New Zealand, Lon,
176° 30' E, Lat 41° 34' N,
Kobielin, t, Prussian Poland, 60 m, S. Posen,
Pop, 2,000,
Kocher, r, Wirtemberg, which falls into the
Necker at Kochendorf, between Heilbronn and
Wimpfen, KoCk, t. Poland, on the Wieprz, 31 m. N, Lub
lin, Pop, 900,
Kockelburg, t. Transylvania, on the Kockel,
which falls into the Marosch 32 m, N, Hermann
stadt Koden, t Poland, on the Bog, 23 m, E, by S,
Bialo, Kodgia-Hisar, t. Diarbekir, in A, Turkey, 10
m, S, Merdin,
Kadgia-shehr, v. Anatolia, in A. Turkey, 12 m.
N. Kiutaiah,
Kodiak, an extensive group of islands on the W,
coastof N. America, about 60 ra,from the entrance
into Cook's inlet, extending about ISO miles from
S,'W. toN, E, Lon, 206° 12' to 208° 4ff E, Lat
56° 45' to 68° 28' N,
Koei-tchoa, province, China, near the S. W, ex
tremity ofthe empire, bordering on Yunnan,
Koei-tchoo-fou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Setchuen, on the Yang-tae-kiang, Lon, 109° 50' E,
Lat, 31° ff 36" N.
Koei-yang-fou, city, China, cap. of the prov
ince of Koei-tohoo, Lon. 108° 30' E, Lat, 27° 4ff N.
Koenigs-see, t. Germany, in Schwartzburg-Ru
dolstadt Pop, 2,000,
Kaetsing, t. Bavaria, S3 ra, E. by N, Ratisbon,
Pop, Soo.
Kogelein, t Moravia, on the Blata, 34 m, S, by
B, Brunn, Pop. 3,050,
Kagong, V. W, Africa, in Sierra Leone, Lon,
12° 12'E,tLat 10°45'N,
Kohkelan, district, Hind, in Lahore, between
33° and 34° N, lat, on the river Jhylum.
Kojend. See Khojund.
Kako, r, Brazil, which runs into the AU-auUo in
the bay of Iguape,
,/iro4o, rocky shoal in 11)0 E'riitcm sea.'. Lon. 124°
Sff E. Lat, 6° 24' S.

KokoTQO, or Bake, r, W. Africa, which rises in
Manding, not far from the Niger, and falls into
the Senegal 80 ra, E, Gallam,
Kola, or Kolkoe Ostrog, s-p. Ruaaian Lapland, in
Archangel, 640 m, N. Petersburg, Lon, 32° JIX
E, Lat. 68° 22' N,
Kalar, t. Bursalum, W, Africa, near the coast
Lat 13° 5ff N.
Kalasin, t Eu. Rusaia, in Tver, on the Wolga,
80 m. E. N.E. Tver, Pop, 3,500.
Kalkokro, large lake, Kamtschatka, which
abounds in aea calvea.
KoUeda, or Koln, t, Praasian Saxony, on the
Loasa, 19 m. N. by E. Erfurt, Pop, 1,700,
Kolluvi, tribe of the African people caUed Tu-
arick, between Fezzan and Asben,
Kolno, t Poland, 87 ra, N, N, E. Warsaw, Pop.
1,000, Kokcza, t. Hungary, 68 m. S, Peat, near the
Danube,. It is an archbishop's see, Lon, 19° 0'
Iff E, Lat, 46° 32' N, Pop. 4,000.
Kolokythia, a-p. Greece, (an. Gythium,) in fhe
Morea, 25 m. S. E. Miaitra. Lon. 22° 34' E. Lat.
36° 47' N.
Kolomna, t Eu. Russia, in Moscow, on the Oka,
near the influit of the Moakwa into that river. 64
m. S. E. Moacow. Pop. 6,800.
Kakmyia, t. Austrian Poland, in GaUcia, onthe
PraUi. Pop. 2,000.
Kalar, t. Woolly, W. Africa, near the Gambia.
Kalpakouskai, fort, A. Rua^a, in Ouia, on the
Oural, 124 ra. E. Orenburg.
Kolyma, or Kovyina, r. A. Russia, which falls
intothe Frozen ocean, in lon. 152° 24' E. Lat 71°
25' N.
Kolyrnn, a district of Asiatic Russia, in the gov
ernment of Tomsk, on fhe upper part of the Obi.
It is chiefly distinguiahed for the extensive copper
minea situated within its limits, containing a con
siderable proportion of silver, and a smaU quanti
ty of gold. The town of Kolyvan is on the Berda,
near its junction with the Obi. Lon. 81° 50' E.
Lat64°4ffN. Kolsum, t Egypt, near the head of the Red sea,
in the neighbourhood of Suez.
Kom. See Koom,
Kamonga, or Amango, one ofthe Friendly isles,
5 ra. E. Annamooka.
Komamo, t Austriau Poland, in Galicia, 24 in-
S. W. Lemberg. Pop. 2,350.
Kombah, counfry, Central Africa, about 200 m.
S. ofthe Niger.
Kamm, t Bohemia, 16 m. N. N. W. Saatz,
Kommotau, t Bohemia, 38 m, S. Dresden, Lon.
13° 26' E, Lat 50° 2ff N, Pop, 3,000,
Kamol, cape, Nubia, on the coast of the Rcfl
sea. Lon, 35° lo E, Lat, 22° 45' N,
-fifomri Gebcl. See Kumri.
Konapour, t Hind, in Bejapore, Lon, 74° 32'
E, Lat, 15° 34' N,
Kong, a kingdom of Cenfral .Africa, to the S. of
the Niger, According to Mr, Bowditch's map, it
ia nearly midway between Ashantee and Bam
barra, Kong-chang-fav, city, China, of the first nuik,
in the province of Shenaee, near the W. frontier.
Lon, 104° 19' E, Lat 34° 56' N,
Kongelf, or Kongshala, t. Sweden, in Bahus, 10
ra. N. Gottenburg. Pop. 900.
Kongsbacha, t. Sweden, 13 m. S, Gottenburgf,
Kongsberg, t. Norway, in Aggerhuua, on both
sidea of Uie Lowe, 36 ra, W, Christiania, Lon, 9°
45' E, Lat, 59° 37' N, Pop, 6,800,

K O N
Kotiguelienne, r. A, Rusaia, in Igiguinsk, which
faUs into the seaof Okhotzk,
Koniei^ol, t, Poland, 50 m, N, Cracow, Fop,
i.osa Konieh, or Cogni, (an, leonium,) city, Carama-
-aia, in Asia Minor, Lon, 32° 4' E, Lat, 37°
52'N. Konjeur, district, Hind, in Orissa, between 21°
and 22° N, lat Konjeur, the capital, is in lon,
85° 45' E, lat 21° 34' N,
Konigingrcds, one of the sixteen circlea into
which Bohemia is divided. It is contiguoua to Si
lesia and Moravia, Extent, 1,300 sq, miles. Pop.
263,000. Konigingratz, or Koniggrals, t Bohemia, on
the Elbe, cap. of the preceding circle, aud the
see of a bishop. 139 m. N, Vienna, 64 E, by N,
Prague, Lou, 15° Sff E, Lat 50° Iff N, Pop.
5,700. Konigsberg, city, and cap. of E. Prussia, on the
Pregel, 4 m. from ita mouth. The principal pub
lic buildings are the town-houae, an anatomical
theatre, an hospital, an orphan-house, and the
rojral palace. Konigsberg -was one of the Hanse
towna. Ita exports consist of wheat, rye, hemp,
flax, and liutaeed ; also taUow, wax, and oil. The
chief imports from England are colonial produce,
hardware, printed cottons, and India piece goods;
also coals. A considerable frade ia carried on
with Holland. The chief manufacturea are
woollena, leather, and glovea. It haa a univeraity,
founded in 1544, with 18 professora, and about
SOO atudenta. "The majority of the inhabitants
are Germans and Lutherans. 76 m. E, N, E,
Dantzic, 70 S. by W, Merael, Lon, 20° 29' E,
Lat 64° 42' N, Pop, 55,000, of whom 8,000 are
Jews, Konigsberg in Franconia, t, 14 m. N, 'VV, Bam
berg, Konigsberg, t Bohemia, on the Elbe, 6 m, N, E,
Egra. , Pop, 2,600,
' Konigsberg, t, Pruasia, on the Rorike, 59 m, N,
E, BerUn. Fop. 3,250.
Konigsberg, t. SUeaia. Lon. 18° 10' E. Lat.
49°40'N. Pop. 900.
Konigsberg, t Germany, in Upper Heaae, 46 m.
N. N. E. Mentz. Lon. 8° 35' E. Lat 50° Sff N.
Kanigsbruck, t Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, on
the Pulauitz. Pop, 1,060,
Konigseck, t, Bohemia, 10 m, E, S, E, Neuhaus,
Konigshoin, v, Sa*ony, in Uppei" Luaatia, 3 ra,
N, E, Hirachfeld, Pop, 1,200.
Konigshayn, v. Pruaaia, in Sileaia, 3 ra. E.
Glatz. Pop. 900.
Konigshof, t. Boheraia, on the Elbe, 14 m. N.
Konigingratz. Pop. 2,900.
Konigshqfen' im Grobfelde, t Franconia, on the
Saale, 30 m. N. W. Baraberg. Pop. 1,400.
Konigshafen, t Baden, on the Tauber, 74 m. S.
E. Mentz. Pop. 1,350.
Konigshofen, v. Pruaaian Weatphalia, 17 m. S.
W. Dusseldorf. Pop. 1,000.
Konigslulter, t. Germany, in Brunawick, on the
Lutter, 17 m. E. Brunavrick. Pop. 1,600.
Konigs-stodt, t. Bohemia, 5 m. S. W. Konigin
gratz. Pop. 1,300.
Konigstein, t Germany, in Nassau, 16 ra. N, E.
Mentz, Lon, 8° 24' E, Lat, 50° 12< N, Pop. 800.
Konigstein, t Saxony, 16 m, S, E, Dreaden,
Pop, 1,050,
Konigswald, t, Prussia, in New Mark of Bran
denburg, 22m. E, Kustrin. ' Pop, 1,050.

KOP

379

Kondgswalde, v. Saxony, in Erzgebirge, near
Grunhayn, Pop, 1,350,
Konigswart, t Bohemia, 14 m, E, S, E, Egra,
• Konigswusterhausen, t, Prussia, in Brandenburg,
on the Suhne, Pop, 2,100,
Konin, t Poland, 80 m. S. Culm. Pop. 1,300.
Konits, t, Genmany, in Moravia, 15 m, W, Ol
mutz, Pop, 95a
Konkodoo, country, W, Africa, situatedbetween
the upper part of the Faleme and Senegal, bor
dering on Jallonkadoo, Satadoo, aud Dentila,
Kannem, or Connem, t. Prussian Saxony, on
the Saale, 34 m, N, W, Leipsic, Pop, 1,800,
Kanolfingen, v. Switz, 7 m, E, S, E, Bern,
Kanotop, t. Ruasia, in Czernigov. Lon. 37° 84'
E. Lat. 51° 6' N. ¦
Konsan, t. W. Africa, in Foota Jallo, 120 m, W,
Kakundy, Konskie, t Poland, 38 m, W, S, W, Radom.
Pop, 1,000,
Konstantinograd, t, Eu, Russia, on the Orel, 49
m, E, by S, Poltava, Pop, 1,200,
Kooch, t. Hind, in Agra, Lon; 79° 36' E, Lat
26° N,
Kaog, V, Netherlanda, in North Holland, 0 m,
N, Amsterdam, Pop, 1,700,
.Kbo>r, t, W, Africa, in WooUy, 64 m, E, Me
dina, Kookies, Race of. See Chittagong.
Koolikorro, t W, Africa, in Bambarra, on the
Niger, ISO ra, S, W. Sego,
Koom, city, Persia, formerly one of the first cit
iea of Peraia, and long celebrated for its silk man
ufacture. It was completely destroyed in 1722,
by the Afghans, Part has since been rebuilt
Lon. 60° 29' E, Lat, 34° 45' N,
Kooma, t. Peraia, 12 m, S, lapahan,
Koondah, t Hind, in Bahar, Lon, 84° 47' E.
Lat 24° 11' N,
Kaongul, fort, India, in Myaore, 54m. E. Serin
gapatam, Kaoniakary, t WooUy, W, Africa, 48 m, E. N.
E, Medina,
Kaoniakary, t. W, Africa, cap, of Kaaaon, Loni
8°6ffW. Lat 14° Sff N.
Koonzelghur, fort. Hind, in Bejapore.
Koorbah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 83° ffE.
Lat 22° 2ff N,
Koookarany, t. Bondou, W.Africa, 60 m. W,
Fatteconda, Koorlepulloo, district, Ceylon, on the E. side of
the island, in about 8° N, lat
Kooro, t. Africa, in Foota JaUo. Lon. 10° 20'
W. Lat 10° ffN,
Koorweyft. Hind, in Malwah. Lon, 78° 17' E,
Lat 24° 11' N.
Koasee. See Coosa,
Kooshaub, t. Hind, in Lahore, Lon, 71° 6' E.
LatSl°4ffN. Kooshkyserd, an extensive plain of Irak, in
Persia. Kooskooskee, r. Columbia-River country, which
risea in the 'Rocky mountaina, and joina Lewia
river, between lon. 117° and 118° W, and be
tween lat 46° and 47° N,
Koaspaganiek, r, Canada, which runs into St.
Johu'a lake. Lon. 72° 9' W. Lat 48° 20' N.
Kootahe, or Cocoo Island, isl. in the South Pa-
pific ocean. Lon. 173° 4ff W. Lat 15° 5ff S,
Kapaul, t. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon, 76° 6' E-
Lat 16° 2ff N.
Kopiel, or Kopyl, t. Russia, in Gaucasu", on the

380

KOS

left bank of the Cuban. Before the Russian con
quest, it waa the reaidence of the Seraakier of the
Cuban. Lon, 37° 32' E, Lat 45° Iff N,
Raping, t Sweden, 18 m, W, by N, Weateraaa,'
Pop, 1,250.
Koprainitz, t. Croatia, 76 m. N. E. Carlatadt
Pop. 3,200. ,,
Kopyl, t. Russian Lithuania, in MiJisk, 16 m.
N. W, Slutzk. Pop. 1,000.
Kopys, t Ruaaia, on the Dnieper, 30 m. N. Mo
hilev, Lon, 30° 5' E, Lat. 54° Iff N, Pop, 1,600,
Korassan, province of Persia, having Irak and
Mazanderan to the W, Seistan to the S, Bukharia
and Balk to the N, and E, It is in general a level
country, though intersected by lofty and irregular
ranges of mountains ; some part of it also consists
of sandy deserts. The soil is generally excellent,
producing corn, wine, fruit, rice, and ailk, plenti-
tuUy and of exceUent quality. The authority of
the king of Persia at present extenda only over
the western district The southern parts, inclu
ding Herat, have fallen under the dominion of the
Afghans ; the eastern and nortiiern are occupied
by the king of Bukharia, and by wandering tribes
of Turcomans, These nations carry on con
stantly a predatory warfare, and their parties of
flying horse are incessantly scouring the country,
and laying it waste,
Kordofan, country. Central Africa, between
the kingdom of Darfur and that of Sennaar.
Ibeit is thecapital.
Koriaks, a people of Siberia, who inhabit part
bf the government of Okliotak, around the gulfof
Penginakaia, and N. aa far as the banks of the
Anadir. They are divided into the fixed and the
wandering Koriaks. The wandering Koriaks
subsist by hunting and plunder. The whole num
ber is about 2,000,
' Korjihaak, t Hind, in Lahore, on the river
Jhylum. Lon. 73° 4' E. Lat. 32° 4ff N.
Koritschan, t Mora'via, 27 m, E, by S, Brunn,
Pop, 1,200.
Kork, V. Baden, 3 m, E, Kehl, Pop, 850,
Korkan. See Jorjan.
Koma, V. Irak Arabi, at the junction of the
Euphrateaand Tigris,
Kornhaus, t. Bohemia, 21 m. W. by N. Prague,
Kom-Neuburg, t Lower Austria, oh the Dan
ube, 10 m, N. Vienna, Lon, 16° Iff E. Lat, 48°
21'22"N, Pop, 1,800,
Korop, t Eu, Russia, in Czernigov, on the Dea-
na. Lon. 33° 40' E, Lat 51° Sff N,
Koros (the Black), r. Hungary, which falls into
Uie Theysse near Czongrad,
Karotscha, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 44 m. S, S,
E, Kursk, Pop, 8,000.
Karound, t. Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80° 44' E,
Lat 27° 11' N.
Korpa, group of islands in the archipelago of
Abo, on the W^coast of Finland, Lon. 21° 25' E,
Lat. 60° 9' N,
Korschenbroich, v, Prussian territory, on the
Rhine, in Neerscn.
Korsewelan, small ial, in the Eaatern seas, Lon,
128° 4ff E- Lat 7° Sff S,
Karli, t Africa, on the Nile, 60 m. E, Dongola,
Kortright, p-t, Delaware co, N, Y, 10 m, N, E,
Delhi, 62 S, W, Albany, Pop, 2,993,
Korumabad. See Khorumabad.
Koschuralskai, fort, Rusaia, in Caucasus, on the
Oural, 24 ra. S, Ouralsk,
Kasel, t. Prussia, in Sileaia, on the Oder, 73 m,
S, E, Breslau. Pop. 3,300.

K O U
Koseks, t, Eu, Russia, 45 m, S, Chernigov, Pop,
2,000, Koselsk, t. Eu, Ruaaia, 42 m, S, S, W, Kaluga,
Pop. 2,900,
Kosichinskoi, fort, Russia, in Caucasus, on the
Volga, 48 m, N, N, W, Astracan,
/?osie, kingdom, W, Africa, onthe E, bank of
the river Lagoa, about 60 ra. frora its mouth,
Kosmin, t Prusaian Poland, 30 m, W, Kalisch,
Pop. 1,700.
Kostanicsza, t. Auatrian Croatia, on the Unna,
62 m. E. by S, Carlstadt Lon, 16° Sff 39" E, Lat
45° Iff 57" N, Pop, 3,300,
Kostel, t. Moravia, 6 m. S, S, E, Auspitz, ¦ Lon,
16° 47' E, Lat 48° Sff N, Pop, 1,500.
Kostel, t Austrian lUyria, in Lower Carniola, 5
ra. S. Gottsche.
Kosteletz, t Moravia, 7 m. S. W. Ohnutz. Pop.
1,100. Kosteklz on the Elbe, t. Bohemia, 12 m. N. N.
E, Prague, Lon, 14° 45' E, Lat. 50° 12' N,
Kosteletz on the Krewzel, or Black Kostdets, t
Boheraia, 21 ra, E, by S. Prague. Pop. 900.
Kasten, t. Prussian Poland, 26 m, S, S. W, Po
sen, Pop, 1,300,
Kosteridil, t Eu, Turkey, in Romania, 100 m,
N, Salonica. Pop, 8,000,
Kaster's Islands, group of islanda in the North
aea, on the coaat of Gottenbui^h, in Sweden,
Kostroma, one of the laigeat governmenta of
Eu. Ruaaia, between 40° 20' aad 48° 2ff E, lon,
and 66° 45' and 59° Iff N. lat and bounded by
the governments of Vologda, Viatka, Niznei-
Novgorod, Vladimir, and Jaroalav. Extent,
38,400 aq. miles. Pop. about 1,150,000.
Kostroma, t. Eu. Russia, emd cap. of the gov
ernment of the same name, ia on the Wolga, near
the influx of the river Koatromsi. Pop. 9,000. It
is the see ofa biahop. 435 m. E. by S, St Petera.
burgh. Lon. 41° 12' E. Lat 57° 45' N.
Kaszieglow, t Poland, 51 m. N. W. Cracow.
Pop. 1,350.
Kotah, t. and forfreas. Hind, in Ajmere. Lon,
76°48'E. Lat 25° 1 I'N.
Kotelnitsch, t. Eu. Russia, on the Viatka, 36 m.
S.W. Viatka. Pop. 4,000.
Kolhen, t. Germanv, in Upper Saxony, 12 m.
S. W. Desaau. Lon. 12° 4' E. Lat. 51° 47' N,
Kotnar, t Moldavia, 29 m. N, W, Jassy.
Koto. See Quitta,
Katoo, one of the smaU Friendlv islands, 16 m.
N. Annamooka. Lou. 185° 11' E." Lat 19° off S.
Kotrou, a-p. Ivory coast of Africa, 20 m. W.
Cape Lahou.
Kotschou, t. Bohemia, 3 m. N. E. Tachan.
Kolliar, disfrict, Ceylon, on the eastern side of
the island, between 8° and 9° N. lat
Kattis, t. Lower Ausfria, 10 ra. S. Zweti.
Kattacomb, t Central Africa, 100 m. S. Bornou.
Kotsting, t Bavaria, 37 m. E. Ratisbon. Pop.
900, Kouakand. See Kovkan.
Kauangnan-fou, city, China, of the firat ranl^
in Yunnan, Lon, 106° 14' E, Lat 30° 32' N,
Koucho, V. W, Africa, 36 m. up the river
Sherbro, Koudekerk, v, Netherlanda, in S, Holland, 4 m,
E , by S, Leyden, Pop, 900,
Koukan, city. Independent Tartary, near the
banks of the Sirr or Sihon, 70 leagues N, E, Sa
marcand, 65 W, Cashgar,
Koukou. See Kuku.
Kouma, T. A. Russia, which rises in the Cauca-

K R A

K U B

381

sua, and flowing eastward ^ loses itself in the sand,
before reaching the Caspian sea,
Koum el Arab, v. Upper Egypt, on the Nile, 8
m, N, Tahta,
Koum Erige, t. Upper Egypt, on the Nile, 12
in, N, Benisuef,
KaumOmbo. See Ombo,
Koumyks, Mahometan and Tartar nation, who
live at the foot of Caucasua, on the right bank of
the Terek,
-STorroti, t Eu, Russia, 24 m, E, Vladimir,
Kous, (an, AppoUinopolis Parva,) t. Upper
Egypt, on the E, bank of the NUe, opposite Thebes,
The greater part of its commerce is now trans
ferred to Kene.
Kousmetzk, t in Tomsk, A. Russia. Lon. 87°
?ff E. Lat 53° 2ff N.
Kowal, t Poland, 80 m. W. by N. Warsaw.
Pop. 1,500.
Kowar. , See Kiawer.
Kowrm, or Kauen, t. Ruaaia, in the government
of WUna, at the junction of the Niemen aud the
Wilna,66m,W. N.W, Wilna, Pop, 3,400,
Kowrowa, v. O-wyhee, in Karakakooa bay,
where captain Cook waa kiUed in 1779.
Koyar, t Hind, in Berar, Lon, 79° Sff E, Lat,
20° 6' N.
Kaydanovo, t Eu, Ruaaia, 16 m, S. S, W, Minsk,
Kozektz, t Eu, Rusaia, in Czernigov, 46 ra, N,
N.E, Kiev,
Kaslov, t. Eu, Ruasia, 48 ra, W, N, W. Tam
bov, Lon, 33° Sff 48" E, Lat. 46° 11' 54" N.
Pop. 7,100.
Kozmin, t Prusaian Poland, 23 m. W. N. W.
KaUsch. Pop. 1,700.
Krabben, small ial, in the Atlantic, near the
coast of Guiana, Lou, 67° 50' W. Lat, 0° 10' N,
Krac. See Karak.
Kragerae, t Norway, Lon, 9° 30' 42" E, Lat
58° 61' 35" N,
Krahenheimstetten, t, Baden, 8 m, W, Sigraa-
ringen, Krainburg, t Austrian Ulyria, in Carniola, on
the Save, 20 ra. W, Laybach, Lon, 14° II' E.
Lat, 46° 2ff N. Pop, 1 ,400,
Krakatoa, isl, in the afraits of Sunda, 10 railes
in circuraference, Lon. 106° 15' E, Lat, 6° 9' S.
Kraliewa Velika, t. Sclavonia, 156 m, S. Vien
na, Lon. 17° Sff E. Lat. 46° 44' N.
Kralawits, t. Bohemia, 16 m. S. W. Rakonitz.
Pop. 950.
Krannichfeld, t. Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, on
Uie Ilm. Pop, 1,300. Lon. 11° 11' 45" E, Lat
50° 51' 55'' N,
Krdpiwna, t, Prusaian Silesia, on the Oder, 9
m, N, E, Ober Glogau, Pop, 1 ,200,
Krasnibrod, t Hungary, in Semplin, 35 m, N,
E, Eperies.
Krasnabrad, t Poland, 28 m. W. Belcz,
Krasnoe, v. Eu, Ruaaia, SO m, S, W, Smolenak,
Krasnoe-Selo, v. Eu, Ruaaia, 20 m, fr, St Pe-
tersbuigh, Krasnoiarsk, t, in Astracan, A, Russia, on an
island formed by arras of the Volga, Lon, 48°
Sff E, Lat 46° 2ff N, Pop, 1,970,
Krasnoiarsk, t. A, Rusaia, in Toraak, on a small
river which falls into the Yeniaei, Pop, 3,460,
Krasno-kutsk, t, Eu, Ruasia, in Charcov, 40 m,
W, S, W, Charkov, Pop, 4,000,
Krasno-slobodsk, t Eu, Russia, in Penza, on the
river Moskwa. Pop, 4,700,
Krasnostaw, t. Poland, in Lublin, on the river
Wieprez,26m,S,S, W.Chelm. Pop, 2,500,

Kramoy-Cholm, t. Eu, Russia, in Tver, 100 m.
N, byE, Tver. Pop, 1,800,
Krassovtt, an extenaive palatinate in the S, E, of
Hungary. Pop. 200,000.
Kriben, t. Pruaaian Poland, 32 m. S, Poaen,
Pop, 1,300,
Kreidersvilk, p-v. Northampton co. Pa,
Kremenes, t Ruaaian Poland, in Volhynia, 224
m, E. Cracow, Pop, 3,650,
Krementschuk, t. Eu, Ruaaia, in Pultava, on the
Dnieper, 38 m. W, N, W, Ekaterinoslav, Lon,
33° 59' E. Lat. 49° 3' 2ff' N. Pop. 7,400.
Krempe, t Denmark, in Holstein. Lon. 9° 23'
E. Lat 63° 5ff N. Pop, 1,000.
Kremsier, or Kramerziz, t. Austrian atates, 17
m. S. Olmutz. Lon. 17° 2ff E. .Lat 49° 17' N,
Pop. 3,200.
Krestsy, t. Eu. Ruaaia, in Novgorod, 67 m, S. E.
Novgorod. Pop. 1,900.
Kreutz, t Austria, 160 m. S. by E. Vienna,
Pop. 1,800.
KriUrv, t. Eu. Russia, in Ekaterinoslav. Pop,
2,200. Krishna. See Kistnah.
Kritschev, or Kriczev, t Eu. Russia, in Mohi
lev, 56 ra. S. Mohilev.
Krjukov, t. Eu. Russia, in Cherson, onthe Dnie
per. Pop, 1,000.
Kroben, or Krawe, t. Prussian Poland, 44 m. S.
Posen, Pop, 1,300,
Krcepelin, t. Germany, in Mccklenburg-Schwer
rin, 22 m. N. E, Wismar. Pop. 1,260.
Krqjanke, t. Prussian Poland, 24 m. S. S. W.
Friedland, Pop, 1,800,
Kromaur, t, Moravia, 18 m. N, E. Znaym,
Pop. 1,400.
Kromme, bay, S. Africa, Cape of Good Hope,
in about lat 34° S,
Kromy, t Eu, Ruaaia, in Orel, 16 m. S, Orel-
Pop, 2,000,
Krook, city, Persia, 150 m, S. E, Kerraan,
Krapivna, t. Eu, Rusaia, 16 m, W, Tula, Pop.
1,000, Krossen, t Auatrian Poland, in Galicia, 90 m,
W, Lemberg. Pop. 4,900.
Krotoschyn, t. Prussian Poland, 28 m. W, Ka
Usch. Pop. 4,100,
Krotzka, t Eu, Turkey, in Servia, on the S, aide
of the Danube, 15 m. S.E. Belgrade.
Krulich, or Grulich, t. Bohemia, 82 m. E.
Prague, Pop, 2,000,
Krumbach, t. Bavaria, 56 m, W, Munich, Pop.
1,400, Krumlm, or Krumau, t, Boheraia, on the Mul
da, 76 m? S, Prague, Lon, 14° 13' E, Lat 48°
5ffN, Krsepice, t, Poland, 62 ra, N, W, Cracow, Pop-
900. Krzizanau, t, Moravia, 23 m, N, W, Brunn.
Pop, 1,200,.
Ktadne. See Katahdin.
Kteifa, (an. Adarisi,) t. Syria, 22 m. E. N, E,
Daraaacus, Kuara, a raountainous province at the W, ex
tremity of Abyssinia, near the banks of the Bahr-
el-Abiad, Kubbeer, Sea af, salt lake, Irak, in Persia, 150
mUes long, and 35 broad,
Kubbees, citv, Seistan, in Persia, 150 m, N, E,
Kerman, 160 S, E, Yezd.
Kubin, t Hungary, on the Danube, opposite
; Semendria. Pop. 3^400.,

3812

KUP

ICubm,t, Hiingary, Pop, 1,900, Lon, 19° 18'
E, Lat, 49° 14' N,
Kudamia, v, Egypt, on the Nile, 20 m, N, Cairo,
Kufa, city, Irak Arabi, 4 m, N, Meshed Ali,
Kuffstein, t, Ausfrian states, in the Tyrol, on
the Inn, 43 m, E, N, E, Inspruck,
Kuft, or -K?^, an ancient city of Upper Egypt,
formerly called Ct^tos, which, during the time of
the Ptolemies, was the great emporium of its
commerce, Lon, 32° E, Lat 26° 5ff N,
Kuhtar, distriot, Hind, in Cashfaere, between
34° and 35° N, lat
Kuiatskaia. See Kiakhta.
Kulla, country. Central Africa, S, E, of Wan
gara, It appears probable that this country is
the same described by Mr, Bowdich under the
name of Quolla,
Kullo, diatrict, W, Africa, on the main branch
of the Senegal,
Kulmeeta, v, Algiers, on the Shelliff, 6 m, N,
Mustygannim, Kulpa, r, .Austrian lUyria, which forma the
boundary between Croatia and Carniola, and
falls into the Save, on the confines of Sclavonia,
Kulsheim, t Baden, 40 m. E, by S, Heidelberg,
Pop, 1,900,
Kumania, two districts, in the central part of
Hungary, on the great river Theyss,
Kumbalia, t. Hind, in Gujerat, Lon, 69° 46'
E, Lat 22° IffN,
Kumi, isl, in the Eastern seas, one of a cluster,
between Formosa and Japan, Lon, 23° 16' E,
Lat. 24° SffN,
Kumline, sraall isl, in the Baltic, between Fin
land and the Aland isles, Lon, 20° 37' E, Lat
60<* 17' N,
Kumri, Gebel, or Mountains of the Moan, a
range of mountains in Central Africa, S, of Abys
sinia and Darfur, It is commonly represented as
forming a coraplete belt across Africa; but there
appears much reason to doubt such a continuity,
Kuna, t, Russian Poland, in Podolia, 15 m. S,
E. Braclaw,
Kunashir, isl, of the Eastern seas, one 61 the
Kuriles, about 100 milea long, and 36 broad,
Kundol, t'Bengal, in Tipperah. Lon, 91° 18'
E, Lat 23° 12'N,
Kundapoor, a-p, India, in Canara, near the
moutii of a river, Lon, 74° 47' E, Lat, 13° Sff N,
Kungur, t, Eu, Rusaia, 40 m, S, Perra. Pop,
6,000, Kunka, district. Hind, in Oriaaa, on the aea
coaat, Kunkagur, cap, of the above diatrict, is on the
sea coast Lon. 87° ff E, Lat 20° Sff N,
Kurmwilz, t. Moravia, 37 m, S, by E, Olmutz,
Pop, 2,500,
Kunstadt, t Silesia, 38 ra, E, Breslau, Lon,
18° S'E, Lat 61° 2'N,
Kun Szent Milclos, t Hungary, in Littie Ru
mania, 35 m, S, Pest Pop, 4,000,
Kunzelsau, t. Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 9 m,
N, E, Ochringen, Fop, 2,000,
Kuopio, t, Eu. Russia, in Finland, 220 m, N, N,
E, Abo, Pop, 860,
Kupferberg, t. Bavarian States, 37 m, N, E,
Bamberg, Pop, 900,
Kupferberg, t, Sileaia, on the Bober, 17 ra, S,
W, Jauer, Pop. 800,
Kuph, V. Syria, 35 m, S, S, W, Aleppo,
Kupinowa, t. Hungary, on tlie Save, 16 m, S,
S. W, Belgrade,

KUT
Kuppenheim, t Baden, on the Murg, 22 at. H.
E, Straaburg, Pop. 1,200.
Kur, (au. Cyrus,) r. Georgia, in Asia. It rises
on the borders of Armenia, and flowa N. for 50 or
60 milea, when it turns to the S. W. and flows, by
several moutha, into the Caapian.
Kurczahan, r. Ruasia, in Podolia, which falls
into the Dniester, below Bender.
Kurda, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 3 m. S. Theraud.
Kurdistan, country, Aaia, lying partly iu Ar
menia and partly in Persia. The inhabitanta live
chiefly on plunder, and are not aubject either fo
Turka or Persians.
Kurenk, r. Mekran, in Peraia, which runa into
the Indian sea, SO m. W. Tiiz.
Kurgan, r. Korassan, in Peraia, which runs into
the Caapian sea, W. of Aatrabat
Kurgomah, t Hind, in Gundwana. Lon. 82°
25' E. Lat 23° II' N.
Kuriat, a-p. Ommon, in Arabia, 20 m. S. E.
Muacat. Kunks, a long range of amaU ialanda at the E,
extremity of Asia, extending from the S. point of
Kamschatka to the iale of Jesso. The whole
length is nearly 900 nules. Some of these islands
are not inhabited, and aeveral are uninhabitable
for want of water. Moat of theae ialands are aub
ject to Russia, and the inhabitants pay a tribute
of furs aud aea calvea, which the Rusaians coUect
every two or three years. The three most southerly
befong to Japan. The entire population of the
archipelago has been estimated at 1,400. It ex
tenda from lat. 42° to 61° N.
Kurmysch, t. Eu. Ruaaia, in Simbirsk, on the
Sura. Pop, 1,200, Lon, 46° E, Lat 56° 2ff N,
Kumik, t, Pruasian Poland, 12 m. S, E, Posen,
Pop, 1,350,
Kurrobagh, t A^hanistan, in Cabul. Lon. 67°
57' E. Lat 33° 2ff N.
Kursk, government of En. Russia, lying be
tween 36° and 39° E. lon. and 60° 30' and 52° Sff
N. lat, bounded by the governments of Orel, Vor-
onez, Slobodsk, Ukraine, and Czernigov. Extent,
15,000 sq. milea. It ia flat and fertUe. The soU is
in many parts a black mould. Corn is the chief
product and article of export ; next come hemp,
tobacco, honey, and saltpetre. Pop. about
1,200,000. Kursk, t. Russia, on the river Tuakara, ca^. of
the preceding province, 240 m. S. Moscow, 544 S.
S. E. Peteraburgh. Lon. 36° 27'E. Lat 51° 43'
N. Pop. 16,000.
Kurtoiciany, t. Russia, in Wilna, 16 m. E. N.
E. Miedniki.
Kusma-demiansk, t Eu. Russia, in Kasan, on
the Wolga, 112 ra.N. W. Kasan.' Lon. 46° 25'
W. Lat 66° 20' N. Pop. 2,500.
Kusnesk, t Eu. Russia, in Saratov, 71 m, E,
Penza, 112 N. Saratov. Pop. 4,500.
Kussnacht, t Switz. in Schweitz, on Wald-
stadter lake, 6 ra, N. E. Lucerne.
Kussnacht, v. Switz. on the lake of Zurich, 9
m, S. Zurich. Pop. 1,700.
Kutna, t. Poland, 54 m. W. Waraaw. Pop.
2,560. futtohunk. See Bussard's bay.
ultair, or Kuttaher. See Rohilcurui.
Kuttenberg, or Kutna Hora, t. Boheraia, 40 m.
E. by S, Prague. Pop. 6,300. Its sUver mines,
formerly very productive, are now overflowed
^ith water.
Kutllau, t Prassia, in Silesia, 6 m. N. N. W,
Gros Glogau. Pop, 1,400,

LAB
Kuttore, fort, India, in Cafiristan,
Kuttubdea, ial, in the bay of Bengal, separated
from the main by a strait 2 milea broad. Lon, of
Uie N, end, 91° 48' E, Lat, 21° 6ff N,
Kuty, t. Auatrian Poland, in Galicia, on the
Czeremosz, 61 ra, S, S, E, Halicz, Pop, 4,000,
Kuwnik, t Pruaaian Poland, 12 m, S, S. E, Po
sen, Pop, 1,300,
Kuynder, s-p, Friesland, on the river Kuynder,
near its influx into the Zuyder Zee, Lon, 6° 32'
E, Lat 52° 41' N,
KuserJumsen, v, France, 9 m, N, Strasburg,
Pop, 1,100,
Kyla, t, Sweden, in West Gotiiland, 23 m. S,
W, Carlatadt,
Kylburg, t, Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, on the KyU, 30 m, N, N. E, Luxemburg.
KyU, T. Gerraany, which falla into the Moaelle,
5 m, below Treves.
Kyll, Point, cape, on the W, coast of Celebes,
Lon, 119° E. Lat 2° SffS.

LAC

383

Kymmenegard, extenaive province of Finland,
belonging to Russia, Pop, 1 15,000,
¦ Kyn, amall isl, of the Baltic, on the coaat of
Russia, 40 m, N, by E, Riga,
Kyndee, t Hind, in Bahar, Lon, 85° 6' E, Lat,
24° Iff N,
Kyragur, t Hind, in Gundwanah, Lon, 81°
32' E, Lat 21° 27' N,
Kyranty, t Bengal, in Couch Bahar, Lon, 88°
5ffE, Lat26°4ffN,
Kyraut, district, Hind, between 27° and 28° N.
lat. bounded N. by the Hiraaleh mountains, E.
by Bootan, S. by Morung, and W, by Nepaul,
The Teesta is its principal river, and its chief
town Darasong,
KyreeguT, t Hind, in Oude, Lon, 80° 51' E.
Lat 28° IffN,
Kyrits, t, Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 46
ra, N, W, Beriin, Lon, 12° 2ff E, Lat 52° 2ff N.
Pop, 2,000,

Lj.

L' Aigle, See Aigle, U,
Lao, or Laab, t Lower Austria, on the Theya,
39 m, N, Vienna, Pop, 1,300,
Laach on the Jauerling, t Lower Auatria, near
the Danube, 10 ra. W. S, W. Stein,
Laarat, ial, in the Eaatern seas at the N, E, ex
freraity of Timorlaut
iaas,or Losch, t. Auatrian Illyria, 23 m, E, N,
E, Trieate.
Laasphe, t Prussian states, 76 ra, E, Cologne,
Lob. 8° Sff E, Lat 60° 6ff N, Pop, 1,300.
Lobadio, t. Austrian Italy, ou the Adige, 17 m,
N, Rovigo,
Labbock Bay, on the N, E, coast of the island
of Borneo, Lon, 117° 5ff E, Lat 6° 2' N,
Labenstein. See Lobenstein.
Laber, v. Bavaria, which falls into the Danube
at Sinzing, above Ratisbon,
Lobes, t Prussia, in Pomerania, 35 m, N, E,
Stargard. Lon, 15° Sff E, Lat 63° Sff N,
Labiau, t. E. Prassia, 24 m. E. N, E. Konigs
berg. Lon. 21° ffE. Lat 64° 61'N. Pop. 2,600.
Labischin, t Prussian Poland, on an island, in
the river Netz, 37 ra. N, Gnesna, Pop, 2,000.
Labo, t. on the W, coast of Suraatra. Lat 3°
2ffN. Labon, t. on the W. coast of Suraatra, celebra
ted for gold dust and camphor ; 156 m. S, S, E,
Acheen, Lon, 96° 4ff E, Lat, 3° 10' N,
Labooan, isl. in the Eaatern seas, on the N. W.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 1 15° E. Lat 6° 20' N.
Labrador, country, N. Araerica, between 50°
and 60° N. lat. bounded S, by Canada and the
gulf of St. Lawrence, E, by the Atlantic ocean,
N, by Hudson's straits, and W. by Hudson's bay.
The whole of this vaat tract of country ia of the
moat barren and dreary aspect, the surface moun
tainoua, and of a poor soil, covered only with
coarse plants, adapted to the nourishment of deer
and other wild animals. The inhabitants on the

coast are the Esquimaux Indians, They are of
sraall stature, and ,in their language, persona, and
manners, bear a near resemblance to the Green-
landers. Their food conaiats cliiefly of the flesh of
seals, rein-deer, and fish, and their dress is made
entirely of skins. Three settiements have been
formed in thia desolate country by the Moravian
missionaries ; who, since the year 1764, have been
labouring tb promote the conversion ofthe inhab
itants to the Chriatian religion, and to fraiu them
to habits of civilization. The name of the aettie
menta are Nain, Okkak, and Hopedale, and a new
settlement at Kangertiukaoak, it waa expected
would be forraed in the course of the year 1821,
The three aettleraents contain about 600 inhabit
anta, Labun, t. En, Ruaaia. Pop. 3,200.
Laby, t. W, Africa, iu the kingdom of Foota
Jallo, 72 m, N, W, Teemboo, Pop, about 5,000.
Lacadie, t. Lower Canada, 63 m. N, Platts
burg, N. Y,
Lacau Sable, lake, N, W,' Territory, on tho
route between Lake Superior and the Misaissippi,
600 ra. above the raouth of St, Peter's river. Un
til 1816, me principal atation of the British N.
W. Fur company was on this lake. The station is
now occupied by the American S, W, Fur cora
pany, Laccodives, an archipelago of low ialands lying
offthe W, coastof India, between 8° and 13° N.
lat. Most of thera are inhabited by a race of Ma
horaetans called Moplays, They produce cocoa
nuts in abundance.
-Lac des ckux Monlagnes, seigniory, York co.
Lower Canada, on the N. side of Ottawa river, 2,',
ra, W, Montreal, Here is an Indian village of
about 60 houaes, with a church and priest,
Lacedmmon. See Misitra.
Lacepedes Islands, a group of amall ialanda on the
N, W. coastof New Holland, Lon, 117° ff 1-;.
Lat. 16° 43' S,

384

LAD

Lachen, v. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 3 m,
S, E, Neuatadt, Pop, 1,000,
Lachenaye, aeigniory, Leinster co, Lower^ Can
ada, on the river St, Jean, 13 m. N. Montreal,
Lachevrotiere, aeigniory, Hampshire co. Lower
Canada, on the N, side of the St, Lawrence, 38
m, W, Quebec,
Lachfard, t, Eng, in Cheater co, 14 ra, S, E,
Warrington, Pop, 944,
Lachine, v. on Montreal ialand. Lower Canada,
7 ra. above the city of Montreal, The rapid of St,
Louis prevents vessels ascending frora Montreal,
80 that all the commerce with the N. W, country
centres at Lachine, It is intended to connect La-
chine with Montreal by a canal, and the sum of
26,000/, has been lately voted by the Provincial
Parliament for the commencement of this work,
Lachish, in Sao, Geog, city, Palestine, in the
tribe of Judah, 20 m, S, E, Jerusalem.
' Lachsa, Lahsa, or Hajar, a division pf Arabia,
extending along the S. W. coast of the Persian
gulf, from its entrance at Cape Mussendoom, and
to a considerable distance inland. The coast is
fertile and well peopled, abounding in dates, rice,
and cotton ; but a great part of the interior con
siata of sandy plains. This country was formerly
subject to 'Turkey, but the natives have now en
tirely ahaken off the yoke.
¦ Lachsa, t. Arabia, cap. of the above province,
and residence ofthe acheik. Lon. 48° 34' E. Lat.
26° 56' N.
Lackar, ial. in the E. Indian aea, 30 milea long
and 6 broad. Lon. 128° 14' E. Lat 8° Iff S.
Lackawonac, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop, 379,
Lackawaxen, r. Va. which falls into the Dela
'ware, in Pike co. 174 m. above Philadelphia,
Lackawaxen, p-t. Pike co. Pa, Pop, 166.
Lac Metapediach, seigniory, Cornwallis co.
Lower Canada, coraprising a tract of land 3 miles
wide round lake Metapediach.
Lac Metis, seigniory, ComwalUs co. Lower
Canada, corapriaing a tract of land 3 milea wide
round lake Metia,
Ladoutre, aeigniory, Warwick co. Lower. Can
ada, ou the St, Lawrence, 40 ra, N, E, Montreal.
Lacuit de Punta, a cape on the coast of Chili.
Lat 42° ff S.
Ladenburg, tBaden, 'on the Neckar, 6 m. E,
Manheim, Lon, 8° 4ff E, Lat, 49° 27' N, Pop,
2,000, Ladik, or Ladikieh. See Latakia.
Ladoga, or Lodaska, lake, Ruaaia, between the
Baltic and Lake Onega. Length, 130 milea,
breadth, 75. Extent, 6, 200 raUea.
Ladoga, New, t. Ruaaia, on the canal and river
^'olchov, 66 ra. E, Peteraburgh, Lon, 32° E. Lat
60° 2' N,
Ladon, t, France, 27 ra, E, N, E, Orleans,
Lados Isles, in the Eastern seas, off the N, W,
coaat of the Malay peninaula, Lon, 99° 40' E.
Lat. 6° ff N,
Ladrones, or Mariana Islands, in the Pacific
ocean, stretching 450 railea frora N. to S, These
j.4auds are 14, or, according to some, 16 in num
ber. The inhabitants are tall, robust, and very
active. They -are naturally acute, lively, and in
genious. Their ingenuity and mechanical talents
were most conspicuous in the invention of that
singular vessel called the flying prow. With a
brisk wind theae prows will sail at tho rate of 20
miles per hour. These ialands are the resort of

LAH
pirates who infest the mouth of the Canton riser,
and have long set the whole naval power of the
Chinese at defiance, Lon, of the Great Ladrone,
1 13° 44' E, Lat 21° 52' N,
Ladrones, three small ialands in the Pacific
ocean, on the coaat of Veraguay, 8 m, S, E, Cape
Boruca, Lon, 83° Iff W, Lat 8° 2ff N.
Lodurantaie, now St. Michaels and St. VaUier,
which see, ,
Lady's Island, sraall ial, off the coaat of S, Cnear
Port Royal,
Lafourche, or Chetimaches, r, Louisiana, an out
let of the Mississippi. It leaves the raain stream
at Donaldson, about 90 m, above New Orleans,
and dividing into two channels, enters the gulf of
Mexico in Timballier bay. Its length ia about 43
milea, Lafourche, co. Louiaiana, on the river Lafour
che, at its mouth. Pop. 4,467,
Lafourche, p-t. Arcadia co. Louisiana, 75 m, N.
W. New-Orleans,
Lagau, or Lagou, t. Prusaia, in the New Mark
of Brandenburg. Lou, 15° 26' E, Lat 52°
28' N.
Lage, t. Germany, in the grand duchy of Meck-
lenburg-Schwerin, 9 ra. S. W, Rostock.
Lagida, r. Cuba, which runs into the sea at the
Havannah, Lagnieu, t France, 22 m. N, E. Lyons.
Logny, t. France, 15 ra, E. N, E, Paris,
Lago, r. W, Africa, which falls into the bay of
Sierra Leone.
Lagoa, r. E, Africa, which falla into the Indian
sea, in lat. 33° Iff S,
Logoo de Polos, bay on the coast of BraziL Lat
29° 25' S,
Lagoa de Pescaro, bay on the coast of Brazil,
Lat 21° Sff S,
Lago Maggiore, lake, Upper Italy, 30 miles long
and 7 or 8 broad, separating the government of
MUan and the atates of Sardinia.
Logo Negro, or -Lago Nero, t Naples, in the
BasiUcata, at the foot ofthe Appennines, 12 m, E,
PoUcastro, Pop. 5,000,
Lagoon Island, in the Pacific ocean, Lou,
- 139° 28' W. Lat 18° 47' N,
Lagoon. There are three gulfs of thia name on
the coaat of Yucatan, in the bay of Honduras, be
tween lat, 18° 40' and 17° 64' N,
Lagos, s-p. Portugal, 134 m. S, Lisbon, Lon,
8° 49' ff' W, Lat 37° 60' N. Pop, 4,000,
Lagos, t. Mexico, in Guadalaxara, 60 ra, N. E.
Guadalaxara, Lon, 101° 32' W, Lat 21°
27' N.
Lagos, r. and bay, W, Africa, forraing the, E,
boundary of the Slave coast Lon 3° 30' E, Lat
6° 2ff N,
Lago Salsa, or Lago di Salpi, lake in the king
dora of Naples, near the coast of the Capitanata,
12 ra, S. Manfredonia,
Lago Santo, t Italy, in the Ecclesiaatical state,
5 m, N. by 'VV. Comachio.
Ln^na, or St. Cristobal de la Lagnna, the cap
ital of Teneriffe, the principal of the Canara isl
anda. It is beautifully situated on a basaltic hill,
elevated nearly 2,000 feet above the level of the
sea. Lon, 1 6° 2ff W, Lat..20° 2ff N, Pop, 9,000.
Lohar, t Hind, in Agra, Lon, 78° 59' E, Lat.
26° Iff N.
Lahdack, cap, of a diatrict of the same name, on
the N, boundary of Hind, Lon, 78° Iff E, Lat.
35° N,

LAL

LAM

385

Lahijian, t. Ghilan, in Persia, 8 in. E. Reshd.
Lalimediah, v. Lower Egj^pt, on the E, branch of
¦<he NUe, 14 m, S, S, W, Damietta.
Lahn, or Lehn, t, Silesia, on the Bober, Pop,
900, Lahn, r, Germany, which passing by Marburg,
Giessen, Wetzlar, and Nassau, joins the Rhine
near Upper Lahnstein,
Lahnberg, t, Germany, in the duchy of Nassau,
on tlie,Lahn, 2 ra, N, Weilburg,
Lahnstein, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nassau,
on the Rhine, 4 m. E, Coblentz. Pop, 1,200,
Ldholm, or Lagehalm, s-p, Sweden, 30 m, N,
Helsiugborg, Lon. 13° 1' E, Lat, 56° 32' N, Pop,
850. Lahore, province, Hind, between 30° and 34°
N. lat 320 miles long, by 220 broad. This prov
ince, frora its ad vaatageous situation, and being
watered by numerous rivers, ought, under a good
govemment, to be the garden of India ; but being
possessed by a number of petty Seik and other
chiefs, it is one of the least populous and worst
cultivated disfricts,
Lahore, the capital of the above province, and
several times the capital of Hindostan, is on the S.
E, bank of the river Ravey. The great Moguls
expended considerable suras on palaces and gar
dens, &c Of this grandeur, little now reraains.
ton. 73° 4ff E. Lat 31° 60' N.
Lahory, t. Nepaul, on Sursutty river. Lou. 84°
Sff E. Lat 27° 42'N.
Lahou, s-p. on the Ivory coaat of Africa. Lon.
5°ffW. Lat5°20'N.
Lahr, t Germany, in Baden. The inhabitanta
carry on with spirit, manufactures of woollens,
linens, cottons, tobacco, and leather ; 18 m. S, S,
E, Sti:asburg, 23 N, Freyburg, Lon, 7° 57' E,
Lat 48° 21' N. Pop. 4,400,
Laibeedy, v. Tunis, 18 m, S. E, El Jemme,
' Laignes, t, France, in Cote d'Or, 9 m, W, S, W,
ChatiUon-sur-Seine. Pop, 1,600,
Laish. See Daru
Laiszev, t. Eu. Russia, in Kasan, on the river
Kama, 40 m. S. by E. Kasan. Lon. 49° 14' E.
Lat 56° 2ff N.
Lai-tcheou-fou, city, China, in Shangtung, on
the S- coastof the gulfof Pe-tohe-lee. Lon. 114°
46'E. Lat 37° ffN.
Laithafalu, t. Hungary, 11 m. S. S. W. Pfes-
hurg. Loke, t. I-Kigan co, Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 665.
Lake, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 625.
Lake, t. Wa3Tie co. Ohio. Pop, in 1819, 555.
Lake Maskinonge, seigniory, St. Maurice co.
Lower Canada, 36 ra. N. W, Three-Rivers.
Lake of the Woods, lake, N. America, between
Lake Superior and Lake Winnipec. Lon, ofthe
N. W. end, 94° 3 1' W. Lat, 49° 37' N. It is about
70 miles long aud 40 broad, and communicatea
through Winnipeo river with Lake Winnipec,
-Lafte Pleasant, t. HamUton co. N. Y-
Xa/ce River, N. America, which falla into the
Mississippi. Lon. 95° W. Lat, 46° SO' N.
-dofte River, Little, r. N. Araerica, which runs
into the Mississippi. Lon, 94° 23' W. Lat 45°
36' N.
Loken, v. Gerraany, near Brussels. There is a
splendid palace of the kiug of the Netherlands iu
the neighbourhood. Pop. 1,200.
Lalond, isl. Denraark, at the entrance of the
Baltic, near the coast of Zealand, 60 ra, long, and
14 broad. Extent, 460 square mUes, Pop. 34,000.
49

It is the most fertile spot in Denmark, and producea
corn, peaae, and all kinds ofgrain in abundance.
Lalang, ial, near the N. coast of Sumatra, in
the straits of Malacca. Lon. 99° 20' E. Lat, 1°
45' N.
Lalsk, t Eu. Ruaaia, in Vologda. It haa a brisk
frade with Siberia, Moacow, and Archangel. Pop.
1,200, Lon. 47° 14' E. Lat 60° Sff N.
Lamalmon, a lofty mountain of Abyaainia, on
the road from Maasuah to Gondar,
Lamarche, r. IlUnois, which runs into Illinois
river from the N. W.
La Martiniere, fief, Hertford co. Lower Canada,
on the S. aide of the St, Lawrence, 6 m, E. Que
bec. Lamate, t Austrian Italy, 5 m, N, W, Milan,
Lamay, isl, in the Eastern seas, 3 or 4 leagues
from Formosa, Lat, 22° 22' N,
Lamb Head, cape on the S, E, coast ofthe ialand
of Stronaa, one of the Orkneya, Lon, 2° 25' W,
Lat 58° 57'N,
Lamb's Head, cape, Ireland, in Kerry co, Lon.
10° 1' W, Lat, 51° 42' N,
Lombach, t. Austria, on the Traun, 1 1 m, N, N,
E. Vocklabruck, Pop, 3,000,
Lambak, v. W, Africa, on the Senegal, 76 m,
S, E, Goumel.
Lambalk, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, on th#
Conessan, 42 m, N, W, Rennes. Pop. 3,800.
Lambay, isl, in the Jrish sea, near the W, coast
of Ireland, Lon, 6° W, Lat 63° 30' N.
Lambayeque, t. Peru, 95 ra. W. N. W. TruxUlo,
Pop. 8,000,
Lambesc, t. France in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 12
m. N. W, Aix, - Pop, 3,650.
Lambese. See Tezzoute.
Lambeth, v. Eng. forming the W. extremity of
that portion of London which lies S. ofthe Tharaes,
and is now united to the town by a continued
range of buildings. The chief pubUc building is
Lambeth palace, the residence of the archbiahop
of Canterbury. It contains a Ubrary of about
25,000 volumes, besides upwards of 1,200 raanu-
scripta. Lambeth containa numerous u.anufacto-
riea. Pop. 41,644.
Lambro, r. Italy, which falla into the Po belo'W
Placentia. Lombsheim, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, on
the Hart, 8 m. W. Manheim.
Lamego, t. Portugal, in Beira, on the Balaamo,
a tributary of the Douro, It is a biahop'a aee, 46
m. E. Oporto. Pop. 6,600.
' Lamesley, t.Eng, in Durham, 3m, S, Gateahead.
Pop. 2,054,
Lamine, t,'Cooper co. Miasouri.
Lamington, pariah, Scotland, in Lanarkshire
Pop. 366.
Lamisa, t. Asia, in Georgia, 60 ra. W. Teflis.
Lamlosh, an excellent harbour, Scotland, on the
S. E. side of the island of Arran. Lat. 65° S3' N.
Lamlem. See Melli.-
Lamoil, r. Vt. which rises S. of Lake Meraphra-
magog, and running W. falls into Lake Charaplain
in Colchester, ."i ra, N, ofthe raouth of Onion river,
10 m. N. BurUngton,
Lamano, or Amana, r. Italy, which rises in the
Appennines, and flowing N. E, faUs into the gulf
of Venice,
Lamolte, le-ad mine, Missouri, a few miles N, of
St Michael's,
Lampa, t. Peru, and cap, ofa district ofthe same
name, 90 ra. S. Cuzco. Lon. 81° 44' W. Lat, 14°
Sff P.

386

LAN

Lampcdosa, uninhabited isl. in the MSditerraae-
an, 21 m. in circumference. It has an excellent
harbour. 130 m. S. Sicily, 70 W. S. W. Malte,
61 from the coast of Barbary, in lon. -12° 24' E.
lat. 35° 40', N.
Lampertlieim, v. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt,
9 m. S. E. Worms.
Lampeter, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 2,50 1 .
Lampang, a diatrict in the S. extremity of the
island of Sumatra. The Dutch claira the domin
ion of the country. The bay of Lampong ia wide
and deep, and affords good anchorage.
Lamprey, r. Rockinghan co, N, H, which falls
into Great bay, at Durham,
Lamsaki, t. A, Turkey, in Anatolia, celebrated
for its wine, Lon, 26° 44' E, Lat 40° 20' N,
Lam'uza, t. Asia Minor, 24 m, W, Tarsus,
Lanarkshire, or Lanerkshire, sometimes called
Clydesdak, a county of Scotland, bou;ided N, and
N. W. by Renfrew, Dumbarton, and StirUng ; N,
E. by Linlithgow and Edinburgh ; E, by Peebles
shire ; S, by Dumi'ries-sliire ; and S. W, by Ayr
shire. Extent, 870 aquare railes, or 556,800 acrea.
Lanarkshire has long been celebrated for its rain
erals, particularly coal. It is calculated that the
coal stretches through thia county, in one solid
mass, over nearly 110 aquare miles, or 65,000
acres, and that ita average thickness cannot be
leaa than five yarda, and the quantity of coal pro
duced annually amounta to about 760,000 tons.
There are about 18,000 bars of lead smelted annu
ally, each weighing 9 stones. But this county ia
chiefly diatinguiahed by ita rapid progress in com-
Hierce and manufactures, in which it is decidedly
pre-eminent over all the other counties of Scot
land, Araong the raanufacturea are yarn, which
is spun in immense quantities, in different parta of
the county, the cotton and muslin manufactures,
the printing of calicoes, the dying of Turkey red,
and the preparation of various dyea. Glass and crys
tal manufactures are also carried on to a great ex
tent. There are three royal burgha, Lanark, the
city of Glasgow, and the town of Rutherglen,
Pop, in 1811, 192,726,
Lanark, a royal burghj Scotland, and cap. of
Lanarkshire, on a slope of riaing ground, within
half a mile ofthe Clyde, Cotton, the great staple
of the county, is the chief manufacture. The
falls of the Clyde in the vicinity, have been visited
frora all quarters by the lovers ofthe picturesque.
Pop. of the burgh about 3,000, the parish, 6,964.
25 ra, S, E, Glasgow, 30 W. Edinburgh, Lon, 3°
5' W. Lat 56° 34' N,
Lanawan, one of the smaller Sooloo islands, iu
the E, Indian sea, Lon, 12° 2ff E, Lat, 6° 15' N,
Lancashire, a maritime co, Eng, on the N, W,
coast. It includes part of the great coal fields of
the north of England ; and wiUi these natural ad
vantages for trade and manufactures, it has grad
ually risen to be one ofthe greatest manufacturing
counties in the kingdom, containing Manchester,
the centre ofthe cotton manufactures, and Liver
pool, the emporium ofthe west. It is bounded W,
by the Irish sea, E, by Yorkshire, S, by Cheshire,
N, by Westraoreland and Curaberland, Extent,
»,800 square railes, or 12,000,000 acre?, with 450
inhabitants to each mile. The manufactures are
chiefly those of cotton, in all it? branches ; also of
silk, woollen, and linen, hats, stockings, pins, nee
dles, nails, watch tools and movements, tobacco
:uid snuff, earthen ware, porcelain, paper, Sec.
>iim<-l .i-stcr is the principal scat ofthe cotton man-

LAN
*
ufacture. From thence if spriads on ?^ sides ; io
the south and cast into Cheahire aud Yorkshire ;
but especially to the north and weat, over the
greatest part of Lancashfr^- ^^'^'^'I'ng from Fur-
neaa to Derby on the one hafid, and from Liverpool
to HaUfax on the other. The population has iu-
creased with great rapidity. In 1700, it was
166,200; in 1750, 297,400,in 1801, 695,100; aad
in 1811, 828,309, of whom 23,306 famUies were
employed in agriculture, 1 14,622 in manufactures,
and 24,072 others.
Lancaster, t Eng. and cap. of Lancashire, on
the Lune or Loyne. Of the public buildings, the
castle is the most important tt is now occupied
aa a prison, and is one of the completest establiah-
ments of this kind in the kingdom, and ia capable of
containing 5,000 raen within the walls. About a
raile N. E. of the town, is the great aqueduct
bridge, by which the Lancaster canal ia carried
over the Lune- It is justly considered the most
magnificent stracture of tbe kind in the kingdom.
By means ofthe canal ila inland communications
are extenaive, reaching into Weatmoreland,
Yorkahire, Cheshire, Staffordshire, &c. But ita
communication with the sea is greatiy obstracted
by shoala in the river Lune. The trade c^Lancaa-
ter ia principally to America and the Weat Indiea,
In 1800, the registered aliipping consisted of 140
ahips, 19,094 tons burden, and navigated by 1,926
men. The town has been long famous for its cab
inet-making. Pop, in 1811, 9,247. 54 m.N. W.
Manchester, 53 N. by E. Liverpool, 240 N. W,
Loudon. Lon. 2° 47' W. Lat 54° .3 N'.
Lancaster, t Glengary co. Up. Canada,, on the
St. Lawrence.
Lancaster, p-t and cap, Coos co. N. H. on Con
necticut river, opposite Guildhall, Vt witii which
it is connected by a bridge, 40 m, above Dart-
raouth coUege, 131 ra, N. W, Portsmouth. The
viUage is on Israel's creek, about a mile from the
river, and contains a court-house and jaU, and a
church, Lancaster, p-t Worcester co. Mass. on a branch
of Naahuariver, 14 m. N. E. Worcester, 36 W.N.
W.Boston, Pop, 1,694. Here is a valuable quar
ry of slate. Lancaster is a good agricultural town,
and haa au extensive cotton factory.
Lancaster, co. Pa. on the E. side ofthe Susque
hannah, borderii^ on Maryland. Pop. 53,927.
Lancaster, p-t. and cap. Lancaster co. Penn. is
pleasantly situated on Uie side ofa hill, 14 m, W
of Conesloga creek, which falls into Susquehan
nah river, 9 ni. S. W. cf the town. Lancasteris
35 m. E. S. E. Harrisburg, 22 E. N. E. York, 62
W. Philadelphia. Lat. 40° ff N. Lon, 76° 20' W.
It contains a court-house, market-house, jail, anil
8 houses of public worship, for German Luthe
rans, German Calvinists, Presbyterians, Episcopa
lians, Roman Catholics, Moravians, Friends, and
MetiiotUsts, Many ofthe inhabitants are of Ger
raan origin, and speak the German language.
There arc 6 newspapers published in the town, 3
of which are in German. 'The surrounding coun
ti-y ia fertile and highly cultivated. The town
contains numerous manufactories, and carriea on
conaiderable frade, Franklin college 'was eatab
lished in this place in 1787, for the Germans, bul
the building is now occupied for schools. Pop, in
1810, 5,405,
Lancaster, co ,Va, on Uie western shore of Ches
apeake bay, bounded S, by the Rappahannock.
108 m, N, Norfolk. Pop, 5,692, Slavea, 3,112.
.\l the court-house ia a post-office.

LAN

LAN

3S7

' Lgncasier, district, S, C, Pop, 6,318, Slaves,
!,646, At the court-house is a poat-oflice,
Lancaster, p-t, and cap, Garranl co. Ken, 29 ra,
S, Lexington.' Pop. 260.
Lancaster, p-t. and cap, Fairfield co. Ohio, 28 ra,
S, E, Columbua, 34 N, E, ChiUicothe, Pop, in
1815, 700,
Lancaster Sound, on Uic W. side of Baffin's bay,
in lat 74° N. It is about 20 milea broad at ita
mouth, widening as you proceed to the west At
the distance of 80 miles from ita mouth, it ia 40 or
SO miles wide. In the summer of 1819, the expe
dition under Lieut, Parry, succeeded in pasaing
Uirough this sound, and as far as Lon, 110° 47' W,
Lat 74° 47' N,
Lancavy, or Lancahuy, isl. in the Eastern seas.
Lon, 99° 40' E- Lat, 6° Iff N,
Lancayan, isl, in the Eastern seas, near the N.
coast of Borneo, Lon, 1 18° 9' E, Lat 6° 25' N.
Lance Point, the S, point of Newfoundland, at
the S. W. exfremity of St Mary's bay,
Lancebearers, Island af, small isl, in the Pacific,
Lon, 138° Iff W, Lat. 18° 2ff S,
Lancerota, ial, one of the group ofthe Canaries,
,30 milea long and 8 broad. Pop, 10.000,
Lanchxster, t. Eng, in Durham, 7 ra, N, W, Dur
ham, Pop. 834.
Lanciano, t Naples, about 4 m. frora the Adriat
ic, in Abruzzo Citra, 85 m. E. N. E. Rome, 84 N.
Naples, Lon. 14° 20'E, Lat 42° 12'N, Pop, 9,000,
Laneut, or Landshut, t. Austrian States, in G'd-
lioia, 72 m, W, Lemberg,
Landa, t. Borneo, on the river Pontiana.
Landaff, or Lksndaff, city, Wales, in Glamor
ganshire, on the Taf. Though the aeat ofa bishop's
see, it ia a mere village. The cathedral, however,
ia StiU an object of great interest, and its venerable
rains the atudy of tiie architect and antiquary. 2
m. N. W. Cardiff, SO W, Bristol, 162 W. London,
Lon, 3° Iff W, Lat 51° 29' N. Pop. 504.
Landaff, t Gralton co. N. H. 9 m. E. Connecti
cut river, 62 N. Concord, Pop. 650,
Landau, a sfrong town of tiie Bavarian circle of
the Rhine, iu a beautiful vaUey, near the Queich,
It was retained by the French ai the first treaty of
Paris in 1814, but ceded the following year, and is
now garrisoned by troops of the German confede
ration, 56 m. N. N. E, Strasburg, 347 N. E, Pa
ris, Lon. 8° 7' E. Lat. 49° 12' N. Pop. 4,250,
Landau, t. Bavaria, on the Iser, Pop. 1,2.50.
Lon. 12° 37' E. Lat. 48° 36' N.
Landeck, t. Prussia, in Silesia, and the county of
Glatz, on the Biela, 27 m. S. W. Neisse. Pop.
1,100. I
Landelks, t. France, in Calvados, 28 m. S, W.
Caen,. Pop. 1,400.
Landen, t Netherlands, in South Brabant, 19
m. S, E. Louvain.
Landemou, s-p. France, in Finisterre, 23 m.
N. E. Brest Lon. 4° Iff W. Lat. 48° 26' N. Pop.
4,000. Landeron, t. Switzerland, 7 m. N. E. Neufcha
tel. Landes, departraent in the S. W. of France,
bounded W. by the Atlantic, and on ita other aides
by the departments of the Girond, the Lot-and-
Garonne, the Gera, and the Lower Pyreneea.
Extent, 3,700 square miles. Pop. 240,000, It is
one of the raost barren departraents of the king
dom, nearly three-fourths of it consisting of heaths,
Landes, small ial, on the N, W. coast of France,
E, of St Maloes,

Landgrpxe, t. Bennington co, Vt, 33 ra, N. E.
Bennington. Pop. 299.
Landguard, or Paint aux Pins, promontory,
Up. Canada, in Lake Erie, 20 ra, E. S, E, Foreland.
Lon, 81° 25' W. Lat, 42° 7' N,
Landisburg, p-v. Curaberland co. Pa,
Landi-viziau, t. France, in Finiaterre, 10 m, N,
N, W, Morlaix, Pop, 2,100,
Landivy, t, France, in Mayenne, 23 m. N. W.
Mayenne. Pop. 1,900.
Landrecy, t France, dep. of the North, on the
Sambre, It isoneof the barrier fortresses which
was occupied by the allied troops, after the second
peace of Paris. Pop. 2,900. 30 m. S, E, Douay,
Lon, 3° 42' E. Lat 50° 22' N.
Landroal, O, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 6 m, S.
Villa Vicosa,
Landsberg, t E, Prussia. Pop. 1,300. Lon.
20° 30' E. Lat, 54° 14' N.
Landsberg, t. .Bavaria, on the Lech, 32 ra, W.
by N. Munich. Lon. 10° 6 1' E. Lat, 48° N. Pop,
2,600. Landsberg, (on the Wartha,) t Prussia, in
Brandenburg, 24 ra, E, N. E. Custrin, 74 E. Ber
lin. Lon. 16° 20' E. Lat. 62° 4ff N. Pop, 7,000.
Landsberg, Old, t. Pruasia, in Brandenburg, 14
ra, E, N, E, Berlin, Lon. 13° 4ff E. Lat. 52° 35'
N. Pop. 1,300.
Landscron, t Bohemia. Lon. 16° 21' E. Lat
49°60'N. Pop. 2,700,
Landscrona, a-p. Sweden, in Sclionen, with a
citadel and a aafe harbour. 14 ra. S. Helsiug
borg. Lon. 12° 46' E. Lat. 66° 52' N. Pop.
3,800. Landsee, t. Hungary, in Oedenburg. Lon. 18°
17' 45'' E. Lat 48° 12' 8" N.
Landsele, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
the N. coast of the Greater Andaman. Loh. 93°
T E. Lat. 13° 38' N.
Land's-End, in CornwaU, the W, extremity of
England, It ia 6 or 7 leagues W, N, W. of the
Lizzard Point, 2904 ui- from London. Lon. 5°
45' W, Lat 50° 6' N.
Londsford, p-v. Chester district, S. C,
Landshut, t. Bavaria, on the laer. The uni
veraity of Ingoldstadt was removed to Landshut in
the year 1800 ; and having been re-organiaed, and
richly endowed by the present king, received the
name of the " university of Louis Maximilian,' '
There are 34 ordinary profesaors, 4 extraordinary,
and about 600 students. The revenue of the uni
versity is derived, in a great measure, from the
funds of the auppreaaed monaateries ; it averages
about 9,000/, sterling a-year, 32 m. N. E. Munich,
36 S. E, In^lstadt Lon. 12° 6' E. Lat. 48° Sff
N. Pop. 9,000,
Landshut, t, Pussia, in Silesia, on the Bober,
20 ra. W, S. W. Schweidnitz. Lon. 15° 65' E.
Lat, 60° 30' N. Pop. 3,000.
Landshut, t Moravia, on the Theya, 40 m, S. S.
E, Brunn, Pop, 1,600,
Lane, r. Ireland, in Kerry, which runa from
Lough Lane into Castleraain bay.
Lanebourg, t. Sardinian states, in Savoy, 20 m.
N, N. W. Susa. Pop. 600.
Lane-End, t. Eng. in Stafford, 4 ra, E, by S,
Newcaslle-under-Lyne, Pop, 4,930.
Lanepax, t France, in Gers, 11 m. S, S, W,
Condom, Pop, 1,200,
Lanesborough, t Ireland, in Longford, on the
Shannon, 62 m. W, N, W. Dublin, Lon, 7° 5,S'
W, Lat 53° 38' N,

388

LAN

LAN

Lanesborough, p-t, Berkshire co, Maaa, 6 m,
from Pittafield, 14 N. Lenox, Here are valuable
marble quarriea. Pop, 1,303,
Langaro, Isle de, ial, in the Pacific ocean, about
6 m, N, of Queen Charlotte's island, Lon, 226°
Sff E, Lat 54° 20' N,
Langarron, t Eng, in Hereford, 6 m, from Ross.
Pop. 796.
Langast, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 17 m. S.
St Brieux. Pop, 1,250,
Langdon, r. Eng. in Durham, which falla into
the Teea below Teesdale foreat,
Langdon, t Cheshire co. N, H, on Connecticut
river, 40 m, W, Concord,
Langeac, t. France, in Upper Loire, on the Al
lier, 12 ra, S, Brioude, Pop. 1,800,
Langeais, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, on the
Loire, 12 m, W. Toura. Pop. 2,250.
Langeland, isl. Denraark, in the Baltic, lying
between Zealand, Laland, and Funen, Rudki-
opingis the capital, Lon. 10° 50' E. Lat. 55° N.
Pop. 11,200,
Lartgelsheim, t. Gerraany, in the duchy of
Brunswick, 6 m. N. W, Goslar. Pop. 1,300.
Langen, t. Germany, 6 ra, N. Darmstadt. Pop,
1,500. Langenau, Upper and Lower, 2 viUages, Prua
sia, in SUesia, 11 ra. S. Glatz, Pop. 1,200.
Langenau, t. Gerraany, in Wirtemberg, 10 ra,
N, N, E Ulm, Pop. 3,600,
Langenberg, t . Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, IS m. N. E. Dusseldorf, Pop. 1,600.
Longenbrucken, t. Baden, 4 m, N, E, BruchsaU
Pop, 1,100,
Langenburg, t Wirtemberg, on the Jaxt, 32 m,
W. Anspach, Pop, 900,
Langendorf, v. Hanover, on tiie Elbe, 42 m,
E, S, E, Luueberg,
Langenfeld, t Lower Austria, 4 ra, N, W,
Creras, Pop, 1,200.
'Langenhorn, v. Denmark, in Sleawick, 12 m.
from Husum.
Longen-kandel, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine,
9 m. S. S. E. Landau. Pop. 2,400.
Langenlois, t Lower Ausfria, 4 ra. N, Crems,
fop, 2,000.
Longensalza, t. Prussian Saxony, the chief place
of Thuringia, on the Salza, which river falls into
the Unstrut a little below. 14 m. W. Erfurt,
Lon, 10^ 3ff E. Lat 51° 7' N: Pop. 6,400.
Langentlml, t. Swiss canton of Berne, 18m. N.E.
Berne. Lon. 7° Sff E. Lat. 47° 12' N. Pop. 1,800.
Langenzenn, t. Bavaria, on the river Zenn, 17
ra. N. N. E, Anspach, Pop. 900.
Langer-aar, v. Netherlands, 8 m. E. Leyden.
Pop. 1,000.
Langer-aog, isl. aubject to Hanover, on the N.
W. coast of Germany. Lon. 7° 35' 41" E, Lat, 63°
44' 59" N,
Langesund, s-p, Norway, 60 m, S, S, W.
Christiania, Langfield, t. Eng, in Yorkahire,'near Halifax,
Pop, 1,615,
Langfurt, t W, Prussia, on the Radaune, 2 m,
from Dantzic, Pop, 1,250,
Langholm, t. Scotland, in Dumfries-ahire, on the
Eak, Pop, 1,800,
Langhorn's tavern, p-v. Cumberland co, Va,
Langk's Bay, bay, on the W, coast of Segha-
lien. Lat. 47° 4ff N,
Langk's Peak, mt on the N, coaat ofthe island
of Jesso, 7,000 feet above the level of the sea, Lon,
142° 2ff E, Lat, 45° Sff N,

Langoe, isl, in the North aea, 46 m,^from the
coaat of Norway, Lat 68° Iff N,
Langogne, t. France, in Lozere, 2Lniv N. E.
Mende, Pop. 2,300, *.
Langon, t, France, in Gironde, on the Ga
ronne, 9 ra, N. Bazaa, Pop, 3,200. .
Langport, t, Eng. in Somersetshire, on the river
Parret, near its junction with the Ivel, which is
navigable to the Briatol channel. 16 m. E. by If.
Taunton, 130 W. by S. London. Lon. 2° 4ff W.
Lat. 61° 2' N. Pop. 861.
Langres, t. France, in Upper Marne, 40 m, Ni
E, Dijon, Pop, 8,600,
Languedoc, before the revolution, a province
inthe S. of France, extending on the E, to the
Rhone, and on the W, to the Garonne, At the
revolution it was divided into the departments of
Gard, Herault, Ardeche, Lozere, -Tam, Upper
Garonne, and Aude, Extent, 16,000square miles.
Pop, about 2,000,000, Vinea, olivea, and mulber
ries are here produced in profusion. The great
articles of export are wine and brandy. The cel
ebrated canal of Languedoc, which was dug in
the reign of Louis XIV. commences near Cette,
and extends from E. lo W. nearly 140 milea, until
il reaches the navigable partof the Garonne near
Toulouse, thua effecting a communication by wa
ter from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean, There
are 71 bridgea over the canal, 58 aqueducts, and
103 sinices. The raoat remarkable tunnel-in its
whole course ia at the hiU of Malpas, it is 500 feet
long and 20 broad,
Langueglia, t. Italy, 45 m, S, W. Genoa.
Lanier, t. Preble co, Ohio.
Lanjang, or Lantchang, city, Asia, and cap, of
Laos, on the river Mecon, fLon, 101° Sff E. Lat
18° 30' N,
Lankoyt, sraall isl, near the W, coast of Celebeel-
Lon, 119° 12° E. Lat. 4° 67' S. >
Lanmcur, t, France, 6 m, N, E, Morlaix, Pops
2,400, Lannion, t France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 39 m,
W, N. W, St Brieux, Lon, 3° 27' W. Lat 48°
44' N. ' Pop, 3,7004
Lannoy, t France, dep, ofthe North, 8 m, E, N,
E. Lille, Pop, 960,
-La Naraye, aeigniory, Warwick co. Lower
Canada, on Uie St, Lawrence, 37 m, N. E, Mon
treal. Lansargues, t. France, in Herault, 9 m. W,
MontpeUer, ' Pop, 1,050. ^
Lansdoum, t. Leeda co. Up. Canada, on the St
Lawrence. Lonserd, v. Mazanderan, in Peraia, on the Cas
pian, 10 ra. W. Fehrabad.
Lansing, t Tompkins co. N. Y.
Lansinburg, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y, on the-
Hudson, 3 m. above Troy, 9 above Albany, Pop,
1,658, A bridge across the Hudaon connects
Lansingburg with Waterford, The village is
handsomely laid out on a plain, and containa a
bank, an academy, and 4 churchea. Sloops some
times ascend the river to this place, and it has con
siderable trade,
Lanta, or Lenta, t France, in Upper Garonne,
9 m, E, Toulouse, Pop, 1,450,
Lantaghur, t Hind, in Lamjungh, Lon, S4°
IffE, Lat 29° ffN,
Lantoir, the chief araong the Banda islands*
See Banda.
Lantosca, t. Piedmont, 14 m, N, Nice, Pap.
1,800.

LAP
l,lin-tsB7i. See Jtfecon.
Lanvollon, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 8 m.
S, E, Ponfrieux, Pop, 900,
Lanzo, t Piedraont, on the Stura, 11 m, N. W,
Turin, Pop, 2,100,
-Lao, t Cuba, 25 m, W, Ha-vannah.
Laodicea, in Sac, Geog, city of Phrygia, in
Aaia Minor, on the river Lycus, near Colosse,
From this city Paul wrote the first epistte to Tim
othy, See Latakia.
Laon, t. France, cap, of Aisne, near the Ardon,
20 m, N, E, Soisaons, 77 N, E, Paria, Lon, 3° 37'
E, Lat 49° Sff N. Pop. 6,691.
Laos, a kingdom of India beyond the Ganges,
extending from 12° to 18° N. l-dt and having Tun
quin and Cochin-China on the E. Cambodia on
the S. Siam on the W. and Tuuquin on the N,
There are few countries of Aaia reapecting which
we posaeas leaa accurate knowledge. The inhabi
tants are nominally subject to Cochin-China.
Laour, t. Bengal, in Silhet Lon, 84° 19' E,
Lat. 25° ff N,
Lapa, amall isl, one of the Sooloo archipelago,
Lapata. See Lupata.
La petite Nation, aeignioi-y, York co. Lower
Canada, on the Ottawa, 65 ra, W. Montreal.
Lo petite Riviere, parish, in Cote de Beaupre
seigniory, Lower Canada, ou the Sf, Lawrence,
34 m, N,E. Quebec,
Laphao, Portuguese settlement on the W, side
of Timor, Lon, 124° 4ff 36" E, Lat 9° 22'
45" S,
Lapland, the most northern country in Europe,
bounded N, by the Arctic ocean, E, by the White
sea, S, by Sweden, and W, by Norway and the At
lantic, Extent, about 150,000 aq, milea. Pop.
60,000, Lapland ia divided into three parta, call
ed Rusaian, Swedish, and Norwegian, Russian
Lapland, the raost dreary of the whole, includes
aU east of the Tornea, under the appellation of
Circle of Kola, with a population of about 20,000.
Swedish Lapland is subdivided into 6 provincea,
caUed Tomeo-Lapmark, Lulea-Lapmark, Pithea-
Lapmark, Umea-Lapmark, Jamtland-Lapmark,
and Asele-Lapmark ; but by the recent division of
the Swedish territory, the whole belongs to the
govemraent Of Uraea. The extent is about
53,000 sq. milea. Pop. about 13,000. Norwe
gian Lapland, or Finnmark, now belongs also to
Sweden. It is the most northerly of all, and may
be styled Lapland beyond the mountains. It haa
an extent of 27,000 aq. milea. Pop. about 20,000,
or one to a aquare mile. — The peu-t of Lapland
lying along the N. ahore of the gulf of Bothnia,
consists of an extenaive plain, abounding in im
mense forests of spruce and Scots fir; but at the
distance of 80 miles the ground becomes gradually
elevated, and ia at last full of lofty mountains. — ,
Very few vegetables are cultivated in this inhos
pitable region. The little grain consumed, ia im
ported frora aouthern countries. The rein-deer
is the most valuable gift that nature haa bestowed
on the poor Laplander, It serves as the principal
heast of burden; its milk is highly valued; its
flesh supplies the chief nourishment of the inhab
itants during part of the year ; its sinewa ¦f:je
made into thread ; and its skin furnishes a great
part of their dress, — The Laplanders were con
verted to Christianity in the l'7th century. Those
of the Ruasiau province are professedly of the
Greek church, whUe those subject to Sweden are
Lutherans,

LAR

389

Lttprairie, seigniory, Huntingdon oo. Lower
Canada, on the S, side of the St, Lawrence, at the
"mouth of the Sorel, opposite Montreal, The
village of Laprairie, or La Nativite, contains
about 100 houses, and is very flourishing, being
situated on the main road from Montreal into the
United States,
Lapta, V. on the N, coaat of Cyprus, near the
site of the ancient Lapithos, 6 m, E, Cerina,
Lar, the capital of Laristan, in Peraia, once a
magnificent city, but now in ruina. Pop. 12,000.
Lon. 42° 35' E. Lat 27° SO' N.
Z.ara, or Larad, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 40 m,
S. S. E, Burgos.
Larache. See Araiche, El.
Larano, v. Tripoli, SO ra, S, E, Mesurata.
Larbert, v. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 2 m. W.
N. W. Falkirk.
Larchamps, t. France, in Mayenne, 20 m. W,
Mayenne, Pop. 2,000.
Larecaja, province, Buenoa Ayrea, N. of La
Paz, Laredo, s-p, Spain, in Biscay, 20 m. E. San
tander. Lon, 3° 21' W, Lat. 43° 2o N, Pop.
1,800, Larek, small isl, in the Persian gulf, 10 m, S,
S, E, Ormus.
Larenda, ancient city of Asia Minor, 3 m. S.E,
Karaman, Larg, sraall isl. near the W, ooast of Suraatra.
Lon. 100° 3' E. Lat. 3° 3ff S.
Largo, sraall ial. in the Spanish Main. Lon.
76° ff W. Lat, 10° 1' N,
Largo, araall ial, in the Florida atreara, Lon.
82° 2ff W, Lat 24° Sff N,
Larga, Punta, or Punta de Asies, cape on the
W. coast of Florida, Lon, 82° ff W, Lat, 25°
4ffN, Larga, v. Scotland, in Fifeahire, on the Keil, at
its influx into the sea. It has a harbor, with a
stone quay, which may be approached by vessels
of 100 tons, 6 ra, S, Cupar,
Largs, V. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 84 m, W, In
nerkip, Pop, 500,
Laricaxtts. See Larecaja.
Larissa, t. Eu, Turkey, cap, of Thessaly, in a,
beautiful situation on the right bank of the Sa- '
lembria. It ia the reaidence of a Greek arch
bishop. 75 ra, S. by W. Salonica, Lon, 22° 47'
E, Lat, 39° 48' N, Pop, 20,000,
Laristan, province, in the S, of Peraia, extend
ing along the N, coaat of the gulf. It ia the poor
est and least productive province of the empire.
The coast is in the possession of different Arab
tribes, k
Larito, s-p, France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
45 m, E, S, E, Toulon.
Lark's Point, cape, Lower Canada, in the riv
er St. Lawrence, at the mouth of Saguenay river.
Larkhall, v. Scotland, in Lanarkshire, 4 m. S.
E. HamUton.
Larme, Cape de, promontory, Naples, on the S.
coaat of Calabria, Lon. 16° 2' E. Lat 37° S3' N,
Lame, a-p, Ireland, in Antrim, on the Larue
Lough, 97 m. N. by E. Dublin, Lon. 5°4ffW,
Lat 54° 51' N,
Lomica, t. Cyprus, the aecond on the ialand,
and the emporium of ita coramerce, the bay on
which it ia situated forraing the best roadstead in
Cyprus, Lon, 33° 46' E, Lat, 34° 5ff N, Pop.
5,000. Lamtuka, or Larrentuka, s-p. Ende,. one of the
Molucca islands. Lon, 122° 57' E, Lat 8° 15' S,

390

LAT

Laros, v. Turkish Arraenia, on the coast of the
Black sea, 18ra. S, W. Gonidi,
Z<ar«?is, t France, in Lower Pyrenees, 18 m,
S, Pau, Pop, 1,650,
Larwigen, or Laurwig, s-p. Norway, on the riv
ers Laven and Fan-is, The harbor is fortified,
aud is a station for ahipa of the royal navy. Pop,
1,900. 74 m. S. S. W. Chriatiana. Lon. 9° Sff E.
Lat. 69° ff N.
Lory Bunder, port, Hind, in Sinde, 20 m. up
the river Pitty. Lon. 67° 35' E. Lat 24° 4ff N.
La Salle, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, 12 m. S, Montreal. *
L' Assumption, seigniory, Leinster co. Lower
Canada, on the N, side of the St, Lawrence, 16 m,
N, Montreal, It contains about 700 houses,
Lashom Jamnas, v. Lower Egypt, on the Medi
terranean, 12 m, N. W, Damietta,
Lask, or Lasko, t. Poland, 17 m. E, Siradia, on
the Niewolka, Pop, 2,000,
Laskestad, sraall place iu the island of Stegen,
on the coast of Norway. Lat, 67° 68' N.
Losnon, t France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
near Aix, Pop, 2,600,
Lassa, the capital of Thibet, and the reaidence
of the Dalai Lama, or great head of the Shaman
religion, which is widely diffuaed over the greater
part of Asia. In China and Japan it exists under
the titie of the reUgion of Fo ; but the authority
of the Lama ia not there recognized, Laasa ia
usually crowded with royal and noble personages
from all parts of Asia, who corae to present their
homage, and to offer splendid presents to this
earthly divinity, Lon, 91° 2ff E, Lat 29° SO' N,
Lassahn, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 38 m, S, S,
E. Stralsund. Lon. 13° 52' E. Lat 53° Sff N.
Pop. 1,250,
Lasselsvilk, p-v. Montgomery co. N, Y,
' Lassam, v. ou the N, coast of the island of Java,
419 m, E, Batavia,
Lassay, t. France, in Mayenne, 11 ra, N, W,
Vilaine. Pop. 3,000.
Lasseuve, t France, in Lower Pyrenees, 6 ra.
E. Oleron. Pop. 2,900.
Lustres, Cape, on the N. coast of Spain, in As
turias. Ldn. 5° Iff ff' W. Lat 43° 34' 15" N,
Lasuen, Paint, cape, on the coast of New Al
bion, in Uie Pacific, Lon, 242° Iff E, Lat, 33°
4ffN. Laswade, v. Scotland, 54 m, S. Edinburgh,
Lalacunga,t. Peru, In 1698, the whole town
was destroyed by an earthquake. Pop. fr, IO,Of)0
to 12,000. Lon. 78° 16' W. Lat, 0° Sff 14'' S,
Latakia, or Ladik, the ancient Laodicea, s-p,
Syria, in the paclialic of TripoU, Pop, a few
yeara since, 10,000, but now estiraated at only
4,0,00, Latakia has aupplanted Scanderoon aa the
port of Aleppo. Lon. 35-° 6ff E, Lat 35° 36' N,
La tessarie, fief, Hampshire co. Lower Canada,
on the N,, aide of the St, Lawrence, 40 m, W,
Quebec, Latham, t Eng, in Lancashire, 4 m, N, E.
Ormskirk, Pop, 2,514,
Latimers, hamlet, Eng, in BuckinghEjm, 3 m, S,
E, Chesara,
Latimore, t. Adams co. Pa, Pop, 666,
Lalisano, t. Austrian Italy, in the Venetian
territory, 13 m, W, S, W, Palma la Nuova, Pop.
4,000. Lotoan, sraall isl. in the Eastern aeas, near the
N, coaat of Borneo, Lon, 117° 21' E, Lat, 7°
IffN.

' L A U
Latouche, Point, point of land in Behring's bay
Lon, 226° 444' E. Lat, 59° 51' N.
Latowice, t. Poland, 37 ra, E. S, E, Warsaw,
Fop, 1,000,
Latronico, t Naples, in BasUicata, 22 m, S, W,
Tursi, Pop. 3,000,
Lotto Isles, small islands in the Eaatem seas, on
the W. coast of Gilolo, Lat, 0° ffN, Lon, 127° E,
Lattai, or Bickerton's Island, isl. in the Pacific. '
Lon. 174° 4ff W. Lat. 18° 47' 20'' S.
Lattakoo. See Letakoo. , '
Lattalatta, ial. in the Eastern seas, adjacent to
Gilolo. Lon, 126° 5ff E, Lat 0° 2ff S, '
Laity Afghany, district. Hind, between the
provinces of Ajmeer and Moultan.
Laiycsew, t Eu, Russia, in Podolia, on the Bog,
60 ra, N, W, Braclaw,
Laval, t. France, cap, of Mayenne, on the nver
Mayenne, The linen manufacture and bleaching
are carried On here to great extent Pop, 15,200,
15 m, S, Mayenne, 40 W, Le Mans, Lon, 0° 46'
W, Lat, 48° -4' N,
Lavaltrie, seigniory, Warwick co. Lower Can
ada, on the St, Lawrence, SO m. N. E. Monfreal.
Lavamunde, t. Ausfrian Illyria, on the Drave,
39 ra. E, Clagenfurt Lon, 14° 42' E. Lat 46'
4ff N.
Lavant, r. Eng, in Sussex, which falls into the
sea, 5 m. below Chichester,
Laront, i , Austrian Illyria, which runs into the
Drave at Lavaraunde.
Lavardac, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m,
N, Nerac, Pop, 1,000.
Lavaur, t. France, in Tam, 22 m. N. E. Tou
louse. Lon.l°4ffE. Lat4S°4ffN. Pop. 6,200.
Laubach, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 50
ra. N. E. Mentz. Pop. 1,400.
Lauban, or Luban, t. Praasian states, 62 m, N,
Dreaden, 72 N. N, E. Prague. Lon, 14° 25' E.
Lat. 61° 7' N. Pop. 6,000,
Laubegttst, v. Saxony, on tbe Elbe, 4 m. S,
Dreaden, Loucha, t Prassian Saxony, on the Unsfrut
Pop. 1,100.
Lauchart, r, Germany, which runs into the
Danube, 1 m. below Sigmaringen.
Laucheim, t. Wirtemberg, lira. W. Nordlin-
gen. Pop. 960,
Lauchstadt, t Prussian Saxony, 4 ra, W. Merse
berg. Lon. 12° 1' E. Lat 51° 2ff N. Pop, 800,
Lauda, t Baden, on the Tauber, 18 m. S. W.
Wurzburg. Pop. 1,160.
Laudenboch, t Wfrtemberg, ^ m. S, Wurz
burg, Pop, 900.
Laudenboch. v. Baden, 12 m. N. E. Manheim.
Pop. 1,250.
Lauder, royal burgh, ScoUand, on the Lauder,
16 ra. N. by W. Kelso, 26 S, by E. Edinburgh.
Lon. 2° 4ff W. Lat 65° 4ff N.
Lauder, or Leader, r. ScoUand, in Ber-wick-
ahire, which falls into the Tweed near Melrose,
Lauderdale, co, AlabaraBi, on the N. side of
Tennesaee river. Chief town, Florence.
LaveUo, t Naplea, in BaaiUcata, 90 m. E, by N,
Naples, Pop, 2,200,
'Laven, small isl, near the E, coast of Lucon,
Lon, 124° ffE, Lat 14° 12'N,
Laue7iburg, a duchy in the north of Germany,
on the right bank of the Elbe, adjacent to Ham
burgh, and included since 1815, in the dominions
of Denmark. Extent, 425 sq, miles. Pop, 35,000,
The religion is the Lutheran,

LAV *
LoueniMrg, cap, ofthe above mentioned duchy,
is on the Elbe, 36 m; E, S, E, Hamburgh, Lou,
10° 22' E, Lat, 63° 21' N. Pop, 2,200,
Lauenburg, t, Prussia, iu Pomerania, on the
Leba, 85 m, E, Colberg, Lon, 17° 47' 46" E, Lat,
53° 21' 5" N, Pop, 1,600,
Lavenham, or Lonham, t Eng, iu Suffolk co,
61 m, N, E, London, Pop. 1,776,
Lauenstein, t. Hanover, ou the Saale, 9 m, E,
Hameln, Pop, 800.
Lavensa, t. States of Modena, on the Tuscan
aea, 2 m, S. W. Carrara,
Laverdy, Point, the N, point of Bougainville's
ialand, in Uie Pacific, Lon, 156° 4ff 34" B, Lat,
7°4'60"S, Lauf, t, Bavaria, on the Pegnitz, 30 ra, S, E,
Baraberg, Pop, 1,460,
Laufenjj t, Bavaria, on the Inn, 63 m, E, by S,
Munich, Pop. 2,600,
L'aufen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Neckar, It haa
a bridge over the river, which is considered the
finest and largest in Wirteraberg- Pop, 3,500. 4
m. S. Heilbom. Lon. 9° Iff E. Lat 49° 5' N,
Laufen, t, Austria, near the Traun, 18 m, S,
Geraunden. Louffen, t Austria, in the duchy of Salzburg,
on the Salza, 12 ra. N. N. W, Salzburg. Lon, 12°
62' E. Lat 47° 54' N. Pop, 4,700.
Louffen, v. Swiss canton of Zurich, on the
Rhine. Pop. 1,400. Here is a celebrated fall in
the Rhine, 2 m, S, S, W. Schaffhausen.
Louffen, t. Swias canton of Bern, II m, E. N,
E, Deleraont Pop. 750.
Lauffenburg, t. in the S. W. extremity of Ger
many, on both sidea ^of the Rhine. Here is a fall
in the Rhine, Pop, 1,000, 26 m. W. Schaff
hausen. Laufnits, r. Austrian states, which falls into the
Raab near St, Gothard,
Laugeac, t France, in Upper-Loire, on the Al
lier, 14 m. S. Brioude, Pop, 2,000,
Laughame, s-p. Wales, in Caerraarthenshire,
on the estuary of the Taff and Corwen, 13 m, S.
W, Caermarthen, 230 W, London. Lon, 4° 27'
W. Lat 61° 4ff N. Pop. 1,661.
Laughlington, p-t. Westmoreland co. Pa.
Laughtan en le Monthen, t. Eng, in Yorkshire,
8 m, N . W, Workaop, Pop, 614,
Laviana, v. Naplea, in Principato Citra, 27 m,
E, Salerno, Pop, 1,700,
Lauingen, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 22 m, N.
E, Ulm, Pop. 3,600,
Lavinia, Point, cape, on the N, W. coast of
America. Lat 68° 14' .\.
Lavis, t. Austrian states, in the Tyrol, at the
conflux of the Avia and the Adige, 8 m. N, Trent,
Launceston, t. Eng, in CornwaU, on the Attery,
about 3 ra. fromits junction with the Tamar, 12
m. N. W, Taviatock, 213 W.by S. London, Lon,
4° 2ff W, Lat 60° Sff N, Pop, 1,768,
Launiowitz, t. Boheraia, 38 ra, S, S, E. Prague,
Launy, or Louna, t Bohemia, on the Egra, 9
m, E. N, E, Saatz, Lon, 13° 54' E, Lat, 60° 2ff
N. Pop. 1,850-
LavoTO, Terra di, a large and populoua province
in, the N, W. part of the kingdora of Naples, bor
dered by the Tuscan aca on the S, W, and the
Campagna di Roma on the N, W, Extent, about
1,720 aq, mUes, The soil is rich and fertUe, and
appears throughout to be of a volcanic nature.
The productions are corn, wine, oilj raulberries ;
also hemp, flax, and fruit of various kinds, Ca^

L A U

391

pua is the capital, and Gaeta the principal sea
port Pop, 520,000,
Laupen, t Switz, 5 ra, S, W, Bern,
Laupheim, t. Wirtemberg, 13 m, S, W, Ulm.
Pop. 2,400.
Lauradio, t, Portugal, on the S. side of the Ta-
gua, 6 m, S, S, E, Liabon,
Laurana, or Lovrana, t, Auatrian states, in Is
tria, on the bay of Flanati, 8 m, S. Castua, Lon.
14° 17' E, Lat 46° 2ff N,
Laure, t, France, in Aude, near Carcassonne.
Pop. 1,000,
Laurel, p-t, Sussex co, Del, on Broad creek, a
branch of the Nanticoke,
Laurel Hill, p-v, Richmond co. N. C.
Laurel Mountains, a range of mountains W. of
the main Alleghany range. It extends from Penn
sylvania across Virginia to Kentucky ; then, un-
der the name of Cumberland mountaina, divides
Virginia from Kentucky, and croaaes Tennessee,
terminating near its S. border. The Kenhawa
river breaks through thia ridge in lon, 81° 19' W,
lat, 38° Sff J<f ,
Laurencekirk, \. Scotland, iu Kincardineshire,
8 m. N, W, Montrose, Pop. 1,000.
Laurens, t. Otsego co. N. Y. 12 m. S. W. Coop
erstown, 78 W. Albany. Pop. 1,612.
Laurens, district, S. C, between Enoree and Sa
luda rivers. Pop, 14,982. Slaves, 3,308.
Laurens, co. Geo, on the Oconee, Pop, 2,210.
Slaves, 485, Chief town, Dublin,
Laurent de Cerdans, t, France, in Eastern Py
renees, near Bellegarde, Pop, 1,150, f'
Laurentius, v, Greece, in Magnesia, 3 m, EJ,
Drakia, Lauricocha, Tunguragua, or False Maranon, r,
S, America, which risea in the Andea, in lat 11"
S, and falls into the Amazon, in lat, 4° 55' S, From
its source to itsjunction with the Amazon is about
1,000 miles,
Lauriere, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 21 m, N.
E. Limoges, Pop, 1,200,
Louriestan, v. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 14 m.
E, Stirling, Pop, 860.
Laurino, t. Naplea, in Principato Citra, 9 m, W.
N, W, Policaatro, Pop, 2,100,
Laurinton, p-v. Marlborough co, S, C,
Lausanne, the capital of the Swisa canton of
the Pays de Vaud, ia delightfully aituated on three
eminences, a mile N, of the lake of Geneva, It
haa had since 1536, an acaderay, which has reck
oned several distinguished scholars. In 1868, an
iraproved forra was given to this institution, the
number of professors being carried to 12. The
chief branijies of education are clasaica and di
vinity ; there is alao a professorship of law, one of
natural philosophy, and one of moral philosophy,
Lausanne has long been the resort of strangers, who
are attracted hither by the delightful situation, by
the inatitutions for education, and by the polished
character of the society, 41 ra, S, W. Bern, Lon,
6° 4ff 30 ' E, Lat. 46° 31' N, Pop, 9,960.
Lausanne, t. Northarapton co. Pa.on the Lehigli.
Pop. 167.
Lausig, t Saxony, 20 m, S. E. Leipsic. Lon,
12° 36' E. Lat, 51° 7'N, Pop, 1,300.
Lauson's stare, p-v. Mecklenburg co, N, C.
Laussnits, t Saxony, IS ra, N, Dresden, ,
Lautenburg, t, W, Pruaaia, 4 ra, E, Culm, Pop.
1,000, Lautenlhal, t Hanover, 8 m. W. Goslar, Pop.
2,150, Lauter, r. which rises in the Vosges mountains.-

382

LAX

and forma the boundary between France and Ger
many, on the W, of the Rhine, into which it falla
at Lauterburg,
Lauter, r. Wirtemberg, which faUs into the
Neckar, 6 m, above Esslingen,
/.auterbach, t Bohemia, 76 ra, Ay, Prague, Lon,
12° 45' E, Lat, 50° 2' N. Pop, 800,
Lauterbach, t. Hease-Darrastadt, 13 ra, N. W.
Fulda. Pop. 2,860.
Lauterbrunnen, v. Swiss canton of Bern, 6 m.
S. Interlacken.
Lauterburg, t France, in Lower Rhine, 14 m.
S, Landau, Lon, 8° 14' E, Lat, 49° N, Pop,
2,000, Lautereck, t Bavarian province of the Rhine,
at the confluence of the Lauter and the Glan, 46
m, S, Coblentz, Lon, 7° Sff E, Lat 49° Sff N,
Pop, 700,
Lautershausen, t, Bavaria, on the Altmuhl, 9 m,
W-Auapach, Pop, 900.
Lautrec, t France, in Tarn, 12 m, N, N, W,
Castres, Pop, 3,250,
Lauso, V. Brazil, 50 m, N, W, Rio Janefro,
Pop, 2,000.
Louserte, t, France, in Tam-and-Garonne, 17
m.N. W. Montauban,
Lauzon, seigniory, Dorchester co. Lower Can
ada, on the river St Lawrence, at the confluence
of the Chaudiere, 2 m. S. Quebec.
Lauzun,t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 17 m.
N.E.Marraande. Lon. 6° 32' E. Lat 44° SffN.
Pop. 1,100,
^(Lawtthannock, r. Pa. which joins the E, branch
of the Susquehannah at Pittstown, 12 m. above
Wilkesbarre. Lawonsori, sraall ial. in the gulfof Finland, 60
ja. W, Cronstadt.
Lawrence, co. Alabama, on the S; aide of Ten
nessee river. Chief town, Marathon.
Lawrence, co. Misaiaaippi, on Pearl river. Pop.
in 1816, 1,784. Slaves, 417. Chief towu, Mon
ticello. Lawrence, co. Ohio, on Ohio river. Chieftown,
Burlington. i
Lawrence, t. Stark co. Ohio, Pop. in 1819, 505.
Lawrence, t Tuscarawas co. Ohio.
Lawrence, co. Indiana. At the court-house ia a
post-office. La-wrence, co. Arkansaw Territory, on White
river. It is often called ' the White river coun
try.' Lawrence, t and cap. Lawrence co. Arkansaw
Territory, on the N. side of Big black river, 50 m.
above its confluence with White river.
Lawrenceburg, p-t, Butler co. Pa.
Lawrenceburg, p-t. and cap. Dearborn co, Indi
ana, on the Ohio, 2 ra. below the mouth of the Mi-
«mi river, 28 from Cincinnati.
Lawrence's, p-v. Southampton co, Va,
Lawrence's hotel, p-v. Franklin co. Ken.
Lawrenceville, t. Alleghany co. Pa. 2 or 3 ra, fr.
Pittsburg. Lawrenceville, p-v, Nansemond co, Va,
Lawrenceville, t, Madison co. Ohio,
Lawrence, St. See St. Lawrence.
Lawsvilk, p-t, Susquehannah co. Pa, N, of Mon
trose, Pop, 169.
Lowlon, Church, t, Eng, in Cheahire, 32 m, E,
S. E, Chester, Pop, 488,
Loxa, r. Chili, which entera the Biobio in lat.
37° ff S, It has a fall of 40 fathoras,
Lttxas, r. S. America, which enters the bay of
Panama.

LEA
Laxeiiburg, v. Austria, 17 m. S. Vienna, thCi
usual summer residence of the emperor,
Layau, t, St, Vincent, on the W, coast, Lon.
61° IffW. Lat 13° ffN.
Laybach, Government of, one of the divisions of
Austrian Illyria. Pop. 640,000. See Illyrm.
Laybach, t. Austrian empire, and cap. of the
government of Laybach, in Austrian Ulyria. ft
atanda on the navigable river of the same name ;
has 10 churches, 2 hospitals, a central achool, wiUi
the privilegea ef a university, an obaervatory, a
public library, aud a theatre. It carriea on aq
active carrying trade with Italy, and the aouth of
Germany. 28 m. N. E. Trieate. Lon. 14° 46' E.
Lat 46° 2'N. Pop. 11,000.
Layde, t W. Africa, on the Senegal, in the
country ofthe Foulahs, 45 ra. S. E, Goumel,'
Laykon, sraall ial. near the S, W, coast of Cele-
bes. Lon, 119° 51' E, Lat 5° 32' S.
Layon, amall r. France, which joins the Loire
below Chalonne,
Layrac, t France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 4 m, S.
Agen, Lon. 0° 46' E. Lat 44° ff N.
Layton, t Eng, in Lancashire, 1 m, E. Black
pool, Layions, p-v. Eaaex co, Va.
Lazaretto Vecchio, II, smaU isL in the neigli<
bourhood of Venice, formerly caUed St Maria of
Nazareth. Lazise, t. Austrian Italy, 6 m. W. N. W. Vero
na, 22 N. Mantua, Pop, 8,000,
-Leo, t, Eng, in Lancashfre, 4 ra, W. by N, Prsf-
tou. -Lea, r. Eng, which runs by Hertford, Ware, &&*
and dividing Essex frora Hertfordshire and Mid-
dlesex, falls into the Thames a Uttie below Black-
wall, Leach, r, Eng, which faUs into the Thames al
Lechdale, Leacock, p-t Lancaster co. Pa- 9 m, E, Lancas
ter. Pop. 2,410.
Leacota, Cape, cape of SicUy, 60 m. from Point
Mazara. Leaden, r. Eng, which faUs into the Severn op
posite Gloucester,
Leadhills, v. Scotland, in Lanarkshire, In the
hilla rich lead raines have been long worked. The
number of bars annually cast amounts, on an
average, to about 18,000. 44 m, S, Glasgow, 464
S. W, Edinburg. Pop, 1,000,
Leading creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the Ohio
17 m, above GaUipolis,
Leaf river, r. Mississippi, which joins the Chick
asawhay 8 m. below Uie paraUel of 31° N, lat to
form the Pascagoula,
Leaf river, p-v. Green co. Missouri.
Leaksville, p-t. Rockingham co. N. C.
Learn, r. Eng. which falls into the Ouse.
Leamington Priors, v. Eng. in Warwickshire,
lately risen into importance from its mineral
springj and now become one ofthe raost fashiona
ble watering places, 2 in, E, War-wick, 22 S,- W,
Birrainghara, 90 N, W, London. Lon, 1° Sff W,
Lat 62° 32' N, Pop. 643,
Leaa, or Leha, r. Chinese Tartary, which falls
into the gulf of Leao-tong.
Lea's, p-v. Granger co, Tennessee,
Leasburg, p-t Caswell co, N, C, 80 m, E, Be
thany, Leascy Paint, cape, Eng, on tbe W, coast of
Lancashire, N, ofthe island of Walney,
Leatherhead, t Eng, iu Surrey, 18 m, S. VV,
t^ondon. Pop, 1,209,

L E C

LEE

393

Leilh Waler, or Withbum, lake, Eng, in Cum
berland, S. E, of Keawick,
Leba, r, Prusaia, in Pomerania, which flo'wa into
the Baltic,
Leban, v. Paleatine, 15 ra, N, Jerusalem,
Lebanaru See Libanus.
Lebanon, p-t, York co. Maine, on the Piscata
qua, 28 m. N. W. York, Pop, 1,938,
Lebanon, p-t Grafton co, N, H, on Connecticut
river, opposite the mouth of White river, 4 m, be
low Dartmouth college. Pop. 1,808,
Lebanon, p-t Windham co, Ct, 9 ra, N, W, Nor-
'wioh, 30 S, E, Hartford, Pop, 2,580. It is an
excellent agricultural township. It contains 4
churches, 3 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap
tiata, and an academy.
Lebanon, p-t Madison co. N. Y. 36 m. S. W.
Utica, lis W. Albany. Pop. 1,634.
Lebanon, p-t. Hunterdon co. N. J. Pop. 2,409.
Lebanon, co. Pa. formed from Dauphin and
Lancaster bounties.
Lebanon, p-t. borough, and cap. Lebanon co. Pa.
en Quitapahilla creek, 26 m. E. Harrisburg, 82
W. N. W. Philadelphia. Pop. of the borough,
1,434. The Schuylkill and Suaquehannah rivera
are connected at this place, by a canal between
the Quitapahilla and the Tulpehocken, a branch
of Schuylkill river.
Lebanon, p-t. Washington co, Geo,
Lebanon, p-t and cap, Wilson co. Ten, 25 m, E,
NashviUe. In the vicinity ia an academy,
Lebanon, p-t, Washin^on co. Ken,
Lebanon, p-t. and cap, Warren co. Ohio, 25 ra,
S.Dayton, 80 S. W. Colurabus, 18 E. HamiUon,
34 N. Ciuciunati. It contains a court-house and
jail, and 2 churches, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for Meth
odists, a bank, 2 market-houses, a printing office,
and a public Ubrary.
Lebanon, t. Meiga co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815, 460.
Lebanon, t Ashtabula co. Ohio, 10 ra, S, Jeffer
son, Lebbeke, t, Netherlanda, in East Flanders, 3 m,
S, by E. Dendermonde. Pop. 3,150,
Lebe Bay, amall bay on the S, coast of the Bal
tic, between the gulf of Dantzic and the ialand of
Rugen, Lon, 17° 29' E,
Lebedjon, t Eu, Ruasia, in Tambov, at the con
fluence ofthe Mokach and the Oka, Lon. 39° 25'
15" E, Lat 53° 4ff Sff' N. Pop. 2,500.
Lebedin, t. Eu. Ruaaia, in Slobodsk-Ukraine, 70
m, N, W. Charkov. Pop. 9,000,
Lebiar, district, W, Africa, 100 ra, E, N, E,
Portendick, Lebida, (an. Leptis Magna,) a-p, TripoU, in Af
rica, 30 m, E, S, E. TripoU,
Leba, r. ChiU, which enters the Pacific in lat,
37° 57' S.
-Le boeuf. See Waterford, Pa,
Lebrixa, t Spain, in Andalusia, 20 m, S, Se
viUe, Lon, 6° 5ff W, Lat 37° 4'N, Pop, 6,000,
Lebus, t. Pruasian states, in Brandenburg, on
the Oder, 8 m. S, S, W, Custrin, Lon, 14° 45' E,
Lat, 52° 28' N, Pop. 1,100,
Lecce, city, Naples, in Otranto, It is a bish
op's see, and the residence of the governor of the
pro-vince. The surrounding district is of great
fertility, aud produces flax and tobacco. The flax
is spun and manufactured into lace in the town,
17 m, W, Otranto, 28 S, E, Brindisi, Lon, 18° Sff
E, Lat 40° 36' N. Pop, 14,000.
Lecco, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, on the
lake of Como, 14 m.E. N. E, Como, Lon, 9°3S'E.
Lat 45'^ 5'N, Pop, 4,009, ' '
60

Lech, r, Bavaria, which joins the Danube 5 m.
below Donawert.
Lechel, t Bavaria, a suburb of the city of Mu-
nidh. Pop. 2,250,
Lechenich, (an. Legionacum,) t. Prussian prov
ince ofCleves-and-Berg, 11 m, S, S, W, Cologne,
Pop, 1,050.
Leehhausen, v. Bavaria, on Uie Lech, opposite
Augaburg, Pop, 800,
Lechlade, or Leachlade, t. Eng, in Gloucester
CO, on the 'Tharaes, 12 m. E. Cirencester, and 75
W, by N, London, Lon, 1°41' W, Lat 61° 41' N,
Pop, 993,
Lechanes Os, small ialands near the W. coast ot
PortugaL Lon, 8° 2ff E, Lat. 41° 4ff N,
Leek, an outlet of the Rhine, which separates
frora that river near Wickj and falls into the
Maeae above Rotterdara.
Lectoure, t France, in Gera, on the river Gers,
16 ra. N, Auch, Lon, 0° Sff 26" E, Lat 43° Sff
54" N, Pop, 6,500,
Lectoure, t. France, in Tarn, on the river Tkm,
near Alby, Pop, 1,600,
Leesna, t, Poland, on the Wieprz, IS m, E, N.
E: Lublin, Pop. 1,500,
Leda, r. Hanover, which falls into the Ems
near Leerort
Leda, cape, on the coast of BrazU, Lat, 6°
6ff S,
Ledbury, t Eng, in Gloucester co, 16 m, N, W,
Gloucester, 120 W. by N. London, Lon, 2°25' W,
Lat 52° 2' N. Pop. 3,186.
Ledder, r. Wales, which falls into the Conway
12 m. S. Aberconway.
Lede, v. Netherlanda, in Eaat Flandera, 8 m. 3.
W. Dendermonde. Pop. 3,300.
Ledeghem, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders, 12
m, E, Ypres. Pop, 3,160,
Ledesma, (an. Bletiso,) t, Spain, in Leon, 18 m,
W. Salaraanca. Pop. 1,800,
Ledetsch, t. Boheraia, 50 ra, S, E, Prague, Pop.
1,050. Ledionaia, bay of the Frozen ocean, on the
coaat of Nova Zembla, Lon, 69° 14' E, Lat, 76°
4ff N,
Ledianoi, cape on the coaat of Nova Zembla:.
Lon. 73° 24' E. Lat 78° N,
Leditz. See Litiz.
Lednitz, t. Hungary, 80 m, N. N, E. Preaburg,
Ledsham, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 44 m. N. W.
Ferrybridge. Ledwiek, r. Eng. which joins the Teme, 5 m. Si
Ludlow. I^ee, r. Eng. in Cheahire, which runa into the
Wever, 2 ra, W, Nantwich,
-Lee, r. Ireland, which runa into Cork harbour,
Lee, t Hancock ca Maine, 26 m, N, W, Cas
tine, Lee, t Strafford co, N, H. 13 m, N, W, Porta-^-
raouth. Pop, 1,329,
Let, p-t, Berkshire co. Mass, 5 ra. S. E. Lenox,
140 W, Boston, Pop, 1,305, It ia watered by the
Houaatonnuc, Lee, t Oneida CO, N, Y. 8 ra. N, W. Rorae,
Lee, Fort, Bergen co, N, J, on the Hudson, 9 m,
above Bergen,
Lee, CO, in the S, W. ccjrner of Va, Pop. 4,694,
Slaves, 336, Chieftown, Jonesville, At the court-*
house is a post-office. ,
Lee's Mark, ro-oks in the Spanish Main, near
the Mosquito shore. Lun. 82° 10' V/, Lat 14°
IffN.

394

LEE

Leebyran, isl, near the N, E, coast of Borneo.
Lon. 118° 12' E. Lat 6° I'N.
Leech lake, small lake, Missouri Territory, one
of the sources of the Miaaiaaippi.
Leeds, a large trading and manufacturing t Eng.
in the W. Riding of Yorkshire, the principal seat
ofthe woollen trade in the kingdom. Its situation
is pecuUarly favourable for trade and manufac
tures. The river Aire, which bounds it on the
S, is navigable from the Humber up to the town,
whence the Leeds and Liverpool canal proceeds
on the other hand to the W. The cloth halls are
the most reraarkable buildings in Leeds. It ia
here that all the great aalea of woollen cloth take
place. The halla are open only two daya in the
week, and for about an hour and a half each time ;
yet in this short period transactions are often com-
Sleted to the amount of 15,000/, or 20,000/. The
rst stages ofthe manufacture of wooUen cloth are
carried on in the towns and villagea in the sur
rounding diatrict, where the wool goea through
the operationa of apinning, weaving, and fulling.
From all these acattered eatabliahmenta, the cloth
is sent, in its rough atate, to Leeds, where it ia fin
ished. Besides the woollen manufacture, here
are several cotton miUs, Here are likewise raan
ufactures for flat and green glasa, and for fine and
coarae pottery gooda. Several foundriea have beeu
erected; and there is a large manufacture of
steam engines. The borough of Leeda, which
compriaea the whole pariah, ia governed by a
mayor, 12 aldermen, and 24 comraon-councilmen.
It sends no member to parliament- Since 1775,
the population of Leeds haa raore than doubled.
In 1801, it waa 30,669, and in 181 1, 35,950 ; that
of the town and pariah being in the same years
53,162, and 62,534, 8 ra, N. Wakefield, 9 E. Brad
ford, 17 E, by N, Halifax, 24 S, W, York, 196 N,
W,.London, Lon, 1° 34' W, Lat.SS° 4ff N,
Leeds, t, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 37 m.
S. Quebec.
Leeds, co. Upper Canada, on the St. Lawrence.
Leeds, t. and port of entry, Leeds co. Up. Can
ada, on the St, Lawrence, It is watered by Ga
nanoque river, which has a good harbor,
Leeds, t. Kennebec co, Maine, on the Andros
coggin, 20 ra, S, W, Auguata, Pop, 1,273.
Leeds, t, Glouceater co,N. J. on the Atlantic, 4
m, W, ofthe mouth of Mulicua river,
Leeds, or Leedstawn, p-t, Westmoreland co, Va,
14 ra, E, Port royal, 40 S, E. Fredericksburg, 70
N, E, Richmond, Near this place is a famoua
courae for horae racing,
Lerfdaol, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant, 5
m, S, W, Louvain, Pop 1,200.
Leefogo, one ofthe Hapaee islands in the Pacif
ic ocean, Lon, 185° 4ff E, Lat 19° 49' S.
Leegeltan, small isl, near the E, coast of Borneo,
Lon, 118° 40' E, Lat 4° 10' N,
Leeheem, amall ial, near the N, E, coastof Bor
neo. Lon. 118° IffE. Lat 6° ffN.
Leek, t. Eng, in Staffordshire.^ It has manufac
tures of silk and mohair, coraprising buttons, fer
rets, handkerchiefa, twists, ribbons, 31 m, S, by
W. Manchester, 155 N. W, London. Lon, 2° 1'
W, Lat. 63° ff N, Pop, 3,703,
Leefc, V, Netherlands, 8 m, S, W, Groningen.
Pop. 1,100,. "
Leek, Frith, t. Eng. in Staffordahire, S ra, N, by
W. Leok.
L'Epinay, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Canada,
26 m.E, Quebec.

LEG
L'Epinay, fief, Quebec co. Lower Canada^ 8
m. N. W. Quebec.
Leer, t Hanover, on the L^da, which falls into
the Ems a little below- 14 m, S, E, Embden, Lon.
7° 26' E, Lat 53° Iff N,
Leerdam, t Netherlands, 11 ra, S. Utrecht Pop,
2,000, Leesburg, p-t and cap, Loudon co. Va, -4 m, S.
W, Potomac river, 27 fr. Fredricktown, (Md.)46
N. W. Alexandria.
Leesburg, p-t, Washington co. Tenneaaee.
Leesburg, p-t, Harriaon co. Ken.
Leesburg, t Charapaign co. Ohio.
Leesburg, p-t. Highland co. Ohio.
Leesburg, t Tuscarawas co, Ohio.
jLee's Island, araall isl, Va. in the Potomac, 2 m,
S. E. Thorpe. It belongs to Fairfax co.
Lee's milk, p-v. Waahington co. N. C.
Leetakoo, or Lattakoo, t South Afirica, the Mily
place yet known to us in the country of the Bo
shuanas, Its firat discovery was in 1801. Since
that tirae it has been visited by Dr. Lichtenstein
and Mr. CampbeU. It contains between 7,000
and 8,000 inhabitants, Lou. 27° E. Lat 26°
Sff S,
Leeuwarden, or Liewerden, t Netherlands, cap.
ofthe province of Friesland, on the river Ee. 28
m. W. Groningen. Lon. 5° ^'E. LaL 63° 12' R.
Leeuwen, v. Netherlands, in Guelderland, 11 nt,
W. Nimeguen. Pop. 1,600.
Leeuwen, or Leau, t Netherlands, in South
Brabant, 26 m, E. Brussels. Pop. 1,200.
Leeuwin, cape on the E, coast of New Holland,
Lon. 116° ff E. Lat 34° 19' S.
Lefchimo. See Eleusis.
Lefka, v. Cyprus, the site of one of the 4 citiea
bearing the name of Arsinoe. 28 m. N. N. E.
Baffa. Leghea, t Nubia, 16 m. W. N. W. Dongola.
Lon. 29° SO' E. Lat 20° 6' N.
Leghorn, t on the W. coast of Italy, in the
grand duchy of Tuscany. It ia aituated m a
marshy district. On the side of the sea it is weU
fortified, but towards the land itis merely mclosed
by a stone rampart The maritime accommoda
tions consiat-of a roadstead, an outer suod an inner
harbour. The outer harbour, which is the real
port, is difficult to enter, and is firequenUy encum
bered with mud. Leghorn, Uiough far from the
largest city, is perhaps the greatest commercial de
pot of Italy. It is the reaidence of conaula from
the principal states of Europe, and the cliief me
dium of Italian coramerce with the Levant and the
coast of Barbary. It is annuaUy visited by up
wards of 4,0(X) vessels, great and smaU, It sup
plies the interior of Italy -with the produce of the
rest of Europe, ofthe Levant, and of the colonies.
The chief branch of manual industry is the work
ing of coral and alabaster. The population in
1 8 1 9, was about 60,000, of whom 8,000 were Jews,
16 ra, S, W. Pisa, 47 W, S. W. Florence, and !¦»
N. N. W. Rorae. Lon. 10° Iff E. Lat 43° 33' N,
Legnago, a fortified t Austrian Italy, inthe Ve
ronese, divided by the Adige into two parts, 22
m. E, S, E, Verona. Lon. 10° 6ff E, Lat 45° U
N, Pop, 6,350,
Legnano, t Ausfrian Italy, 14 m, fr, Milan,
Le Gouffre, aeigniory, Northuraberland co, Low
er Canada, on the N, aide ofthe St Lawrence, 54
m, N, E, Quebec,
Legrad, t, Hungary, at the confluence of the
Drave and the Muhr, 15 ra, E, Varasdin,

L E I

L E I

395

L^a, t. France, in Lower Charente, 9 m, S,
E, Marennes, Pop, 1,500,
Legaevin, t France, 9 m, W. Toulouse,
Legumo, t Ausfrian Italy, in the Milanese, on
the Lago Maggiore, 41 m, N. N, W, Milan,
Lehe, or Bremerlehe, t Hanover, on the Weser,
32 m, N, Bremen, Pop, 1,350,
Lehen, t Baden, 3 m, N, W, Freyburg.
Lehigh, co. Pa, on Lehigh river, inclosed by the
countiea of Northarapton, Buclta, Montgomery,
Berka, and SchuylkiU,
Lehigh, t Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,188.
Lehigh, 1-. Pa. which runa into the Delaware at
Eaaton, after a coarse of 75 railea. It ia navigable
SO milea,
Lehigh gap, p-v. Northanipton co. Pa.
Lehrberg, t. Bavarian states, 5 ra, N, W. Ans
pach, Pop, 90O,
Leibnitz, t. Austrian states, 16 ra, S, Gratz.
Lon, 14° 49' 15" E. Lat, 46° 47' 28" N. Pop.
1,050, Leicester, an inland county of England, nearly
in the centre of the kingdom. It ia raost diatin
guished as an agricultural county, and in that de
partment particularly which relates to the breed
ing and feeding of stock. It ia bounded on the N,
by the counties of Derby and Nottingham, S, by
Warwick and Northampton, E. by Lincoln and
Rutland, and W, by Warwick and Derby, Ex
tent, 816 square mUes, or 622,000 acrea. The
minerala are chiefly cosJ and lime ; the minea are
situated near the borders of Derbyahire. The
manufactures of Leiceatershire are almost entire
ly of wool. Pop, in 1801, 130,082; and in 1811,
150,419; ofwhom 11,700 families were employed
in agriculture, 17,027 in trade and manufactures,
and 2,753 otherwise,
Leicester, t Eng, the capital of Leicestershire,
on the Scare, in the centre of the finest wool dis
trict in the kingdora. Between 7,000 and 8,000
persona are employed here in the various branch
es of the hosiery business. In prosperous tiraes,
about 5,(XI0 dozen stockings are manufactured per
week. Pop. in 1801, 16,963; in 1811, 23,146;
ofwhom 428 farailies were employed in agricul
ture, 4,090 in manufacturea, and 366 otherwise.
98 m. N.W.Loudon. Lon. 1° ff W. Lat 62°
3ffN. Leicester, t Addison co. Vt on Otter creek, 42
m, N, W, Windaor. Pop, 609.
Leicester, p-t. Worceater co. Maas, 6 ra. W. Wor
cester, 46 W, S. W, Boston. Pop. 1,181, It contains
an acaderay, and 3 houses for public worship, 1 for
Congregationalists, 1 for Anabaptiata, and 1 for
Friends. The academy was incorporated in
1784, and ia weU endowed. It haa usually about
.100 students. The building is large and hand-
aorae, 3 stories high, in a pleasant village, near
the raeeting-house. Wool cards are" manufactur
ed in this town to a large araount
Leicester, t. Genesee co. N, Y. on Genesee riv
er, 21 m, S, E, Batavia, 240 W, Albany. Pop.
927. It has 2 villages, Moscow, and Mount Mor
ria, and S Preabyterian churches.
Leicester Island, isl. on the E, coast of New-
Holland, Lon, 150° 25' E, Lat 22° 13' S,
. Leichlingen, v. Prusaian province of Clevea and
Berg,.4 m, S. Sohlingen, Pop, 2,300,
Leigh, t Eng, in Lancaahire, 12 ra. W, Man
chester, 6 S, E, Wigan, 199 N, W, London, Lon,
2° 30' W. Lat 53° Sff N, Pop, 1,960,
Leigh, s-p, Eng, in Essex, 174 m, S, E. Chelma-
ford. Pop. 702.

Leighlin, or Old Leighlin, t. Ireland, in Carlow
CO. the see ofa bishop. 9 ra. N, E, Kilkenny, 8 S.
S, W, Carlow,
Leighlin Bridge, v. Ireland, in Carlow co, on
the Barrow, 7 ra, S, Carlow.
Leighton Buzzard, t. Erig, in Bedford co, 41 m.
N, W, London. Lon, 0° 40' W. Lat, 51° Sff N.
Pop, 2,114,
Lein, t. Germany, in the duchy of Naaaau, on
the Lahn, 4 m. N. E, Weilburg.
Leinach, Lower, v. Bavarian slates, near Wurz
burg, Pop, 1,200,
Leine, r. Lower Saxony, which falls into the
AUer 2 m, below Zelle,
Leiningen, t. Bavarian circle of the Rhine, 30
m, S, Mentz,
Leinster, the eaatern province of Ireland, It
containa thte following countiea, viz, Louth, Meath,
DubUn, Wicklow, Wexford, Kilkenny, Carlow,
KUdare, Queen's county. King's county. West
Meath, and Longford,
Leinster, co. Lower Canada, on the N, side of
the St, Lawrence,
Leipa, t. Bohemia, 47 m, S, E, Dresden, Lon,
14° 4ff E. Lat. 50° 39' N, Pop. 5,000.
Leipheim, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 12 m,
N, E.Ulm, Pop, 1,150.
Leipnick, t. Moravia, 6 ra, N, E, Prerau, Pop.
3,500. Leipsic, Circle of, a province of the kingdom of
Saxony, bounded E. by the circle of Meissen, S.
by Uiat of the Erzgebirg, and the principality of
AUenburg, and W, and N, by the Prussian part of
Saxony, Extent, 1,537 aq. mUes, Pop, 217,000,
Leipsic, or Leipsic, city. Saxony, in a plain, on
the river Pleisse, It was formerly fortified, but
has long been dismantled. The town ia divided in
to four quarters, has four handsome free-atonc
gates, eight churches, six hospitals, and one Spa
cious aquare. The univeraity of Leipaic waa
founded in 1409, The number of regular profea-
sora is 27, exclusive of extra profeasors, private
lecturers, and teachers of the living languages
and fashionable exercises. The nuraber of stu-^
dents varies from 900 to 1,200 ; but the library
contains only about 40,000 voluraes. There are
several literary and scientific societies in Leipsic,
auch aa the bellea lettres, the economical, the phi
lological, the Linnean, the CoUegium Philobibli-
cum, and the acaderay of the fine arts, Leipaio is
the chief comraercial city in the interior of Ger
many, ita central position and other circumstances
having made it a general entrepot. A great part
of ita business is carried on at the three great
fairs, which-'take place at the new year, Easter,
and Michaelmas, These faira are attended by an
iramense concourse of people, not only from every
town of consequence in Germany, but from other
countries, Frora Bohemia are brought glass-ware
and Uncna ; from SUesia chiefly linens ; from Po
land, leather, wax, and wool ; frora Pruaaia and
Poraerania, woollen and aUken atuffs; from Nu
remburg, toya ; from Suabia, Unen and jeweUe
ry; from Austria and Hungary, leather, wine,
and dye stufl's ; from Switzerland, wooUen, silken,
and linen stuffs ; frora Russia, leather, skins, furs,
hemp and flax; from Italy, silk; from France,
lace and railUnery ; and from England, Holland,
and Hamburg, Colonial produce, printed cottons,
and hardware. The total value of the buai-
nesa transacted here in a year is coraputed at
18,000,000 of doUara, or 3,000,000/, aterling, exclu
sive ofthe book trade, which forms a remarfcat^e

396

LEI

and a peculiar object in the commefce of Leipsic
Here the booksellers of every large towu in Ger
many asserable at the Easter fair, each bringing a
portion of the books printed by hun aince the last
3'ear, These they exchange for other books.
Foreign books are IDtewiae bought and sold at the
Leipaic fair. The number of booksellers aetUed
at Leipaic is between fifty and sixty. The num
ber from other parta who attend the fair, variea
from 200 tb 300, The new pubUcations exhibited
for sale, are computed at an average of 5,000 dia
tinct works ; and the value of the books sold or
exchanged, is about 200,000/, in a year.
Leipsic and its neighbourhood have been re
peatedly the scene of raiUtary conflicts. Tho
most celebrated was that between the French and
alUes, on the 16th Oct 1813. The opposing masses
were the greatest of which we read in authentica
ted history ; the allies were 240,000 atrong, the
French were 160,000. The French were defeat
ed, -with the loaa of 40,000 or 50,000 men, in kill
ed, wounded and prisoners. 64 m. W, by N, Drea
den, 90 S. by W. BerUn, 180 E. N, E, Frankfort
onthe Maine. Lon. 12° 21' E, Lat 51° 2ff N,
Fop, 33,000,
Leisnig, t Saxony, on the Mulda, 30 m, S, E,
Leipaic, Lon. 12° 50' E. Lat, 51° 7' N, Pop,
2,560, Leistan, parish, Eng. in Suffolk, 4 m, E, by S,
Saxmundham, Leith, t, Scotland, in Edinburgh co. and the
seaport of Edinburgh, about 2 m, N. E, ofthe me-
tropolia, on the Water of Leith, at its confluence
witJi the frith of Forth, The harbor has been
gradually improved, according to the increase of
ahipping and trade. In 1800, a magnificent suit
of wet docks was planned, and the first of these
beautiful baaina, 250 yarda in length, by 100 in
breadth, aufficient to accommodate 40 shipa of 200
tons, was opened for the uae of the shipping in
1806 ; a second dock has been since completed,
and was opened in 1817, The harbour of Leith
has only nine feet depth of water at neap tides,
and sixteen al spring tides,
Leith carries on an extensive trade witii the
Baltic, Holland, France, Spain, Portugal, and the
Mediterranean; also with the West Indiea and
America, besides a great coasting trade, to the
different parts of England and Scotland, The
Greenland fishery is also prosecuted with great
activity. It haa several extensive rope walka and
canvas raanufactories ; aix or aeven glass-houses,
where botUes and flint glass are manufactured in
great quantities ; sugar refineries, soap works,
and several breweries. The number of vessela
that traded at the port of Leith for the year 1818,
was 4,41 1, Pop, of the parishes of North and
South Lehh, 20,363, Lon. 3° 12' W, Lat 56°
5ff N,
Leithen, small r. Scotland, which falls into the
Tweed, i m. below Inverleithen,
Leitrim, co, Ireland, bounded S, by Roscommon
and Sligo, W, by the bay of Donegal, N, by Done
gal and Ferraan-dgh, and E, S, E, by Cavan and
Longford, Extent, 407,260 acrea. Pop, about
70,000, The CathoUca are to the Protestants as
30 to 1,
Leitrim, t Ireland, on the Shannon, 3 m, N,
Carrick, Leitzkau, t. Prassian atates, in Brandenburg, 14
m, E, S, E, Magdeburg, Pop, 1,100,
Leixlip, t. Ireland, in Kildare, at the confluence
otllie. Rye and Liffey, 8 ra. frora Dublin.

LEN
Lekkericirk, v. Netherlanda, on the Lech, 8 m.
E. Rotterdara, Pop, 1,300.
Lelesz, t Hungary, 30 m. E, N, E, Tokay, Lorn
22° 2'E, Lat 47° 23' N,
Lekw, t Poland, 32 m. N. W, Cracow,
Lelunda, r. Congo, in Africa, which passes by
the capital, St Salvador, and falls into Uie AUan-
tic a little S, of the Zaire.
Lema Islands, amall ialands in the Eastern seas,
near the W, coast of Borneo, Lon, 108° 4ff E,
Lat, 1° Iff S,
Lemon, the French name of the lake of Geneva,
derived from the Latin Lemannus. It waa also
the name of a department of the French empire,
under Bonaparte,
Lcmay' s crossroads, p-v, GranviUe co. N, C.
Lembeke, v. Netherlands, in East Flanders, 22
m. S. E, Ghent, Pop. 2,600.
Lemberg, city, Austrian Poland, formerly cap.
of Red Rusaia, and now of GaUcia, standa on the
Pelten, a branch ofthe Dniester. It ia, next to
Brody, the greateat trading town of G^cia. Ita
fair, which is held during Lent, is on a very kuge
scale, and the buainesa transacted at it is immense.
Here is the principal thoroughfare from Odessa,
and other Russian porta on the Black sea, to Vi
enna and the rest of Germany. 72 m. S. S. E.
Chelm, 156 E. Cracow, 300 S. S. E. Konigsbeig,
Lon, 24° ff E. Lat 49° 51' N. Pop. 44,000, of
whom 15,000 are Jews.
Lemgo, t. Weatphalia, in Lippe Detmold. It
waa formerly one of the Hanse towns. Here is a
considerable trade in printing and bookselling.
Pop. 3,400. 17 m. S, Minden. Lon. 8° 44' E.
Lat. 62° 2' N.
Xemia,small isl, on the coast of Chili. Lat 44° 6' S.
Lemingtan, p-t, Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 64 m, N. E. MontpeUer. Pop. 132.
Lemlem. See Melli.
Lemloon, v. Irak Arabi, on the Euphrates, about
midway between Bassora and HiUah.
Lemmer, v. Netherlanda, in Friesland, 20 m. S.
Leeuwarden, Pop, 1,8(X).
Lemnos, Stalimene, or Limye, isL Eu, Turkey,
in the archipelago, between Monte Santo aud the
Hellespont, 16 miles long, and about 11 broad.
Pop, 8,000.
Lemon, t Butler co, Ohio, on Miami river, 10
,ra above HamUton,
Lemon Rock, rock near the S. W, coaat of Ire
land, Lon, 10° 18' W. Lat 51° 45' N.
Lemps le Grand, t France, in laere, 18 m, N,
W.Grenoble, Pop, 1,700,
Lempster, p-t Cheshfre^ co. N. H. 40 m. W.
Concord, Pop. 854,
I.empta, (an, Leptis Parva,) a-p, Tunis, 60 m,
S, Tunis.
Lemptuno, or Lempta, country in the desert of
Africa, S. of Tunis,
Lcmimg, s-p, Denmark, in North Jutland, 84 m,
N, Ribe, Lon. 8° 2ff E, Lat 66° 44' N,
Len, r. Eng, in Kent, which falls into the Med
way al Maidatone,
Lena, r. A, Russia, which rises iu the moun
tains N, W, of Lake Baikal, lon, 108° 14' E, lat
60° 20' N. and falls into the Frozen ocean, lon.
1 17° 14' E, lat, 73° N, Its entire course ia nearly
2,000 railes,
Loicloistre, t France, in Vienne, 14 m, N,Poi-
tiera. Pop, 2,160,
Lcnczicz, t. Poland, 77 m, W, Warsaw. Lon,
19° 10' E, Lat 52° 12' N, Pop, 2,250,
Ler.dinara, t, Ausfrian Italy, 8 m, W, Rovigg.
Pop. 5,000,

LEO

L E P

39T

Lents, small isl, near the coast of Norway, Lat.
67°4ffN, Lengefeld, t Saxony, inthe Vogtiand, 10 m, N,
E, Plauen, Pop, 2,100,
Lengefeld, t Saxony, 35 m, S, W, Dreaden,
Lengsfeld, t, Saxe-Weimar, on the Werra, 16
m, S, S, W, Eisenach, Pop, 1,750.
Lengua, Cape, cape on the E, coast of the gulf
of Venice, Lon, 19° 36' E, Lat 40° 44' N,
Lenham, t Eng, in Kent co, 10 m, E, Maidatone,
44 S. E. London. Lon. 0° 44' E. Lat. 61° 14' N.
Pop. 1,509.
Letderoon, port of Ghilan, in Persia, on the Caa
pian, 110 m. N. W. Reahd.
Lenkersheim, t. Bavarian atates, 14 m. N. An
spach. Lennep, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, 22 m. E. by S. Dusseldorf. Lon. 7° IffE.
Lat 61° ff N. Pop. 2,800.
Lennik, St. Martian, t Netherlanda, in South
Brabant, 11 m. S. W. Bruasela. Pop. 1,600.
Lenno, v. Austrian Italy, in the Milaneae, 12 m.
S. Brescia. Pop. 3,000.
Lemoire, co. N. C. Pop. 5,572. Slaves, 2,440.
Chief town, Kingston.
Lenox, p-t. and cap. Berkshire co. Mass. 34 m.
N. Stockbridge, 6 S. Pittsfield, 146 W. Boaton.
Pop. 1,310. Housatonnuc river pasaea through this
town. The pubUc buildings are a court-house
and jail, an academy, and 2 houses for public wor
ship. Here is an iron mine, and a furnace for cast
ing hoUow iron ware.
Lenox, t Madison co. N. Y, on Oneida Lake,
and on the Erie canal, 26 m, W. Utica, 118 W,
Albany, Pop, 1,732, Iron ore is found here, and
in 1815, a company was incorporated for the pur
pose of manufacturing iron,
Lenox castk, p-v, Rockingham co, N. C,
Lenoxvilk, s-p. Carteret co, N. C, at the mouth
ofa smaU river which faUs into Core Sound, 3 ra,
from Beaufort. It has lately attracted attention as
a good situation for trade. See Beaufort.
Lens, t, France, in Paa-de-Calaia, 10 m, N, W.
Pouay, Pop, 2,350,
Lens, t Netherlands, in Hainault, 9 ra, N, Mons,
Pop, 2,000,
Lenthe, v, Netherlands, in Overyssel, 5 m, S, E,
^woU, Pop, 1,100,
Lenton, parish, Eng, in Nottinghamahire, 1 m,
W. S. W. Nottingham. Pop, 1,197,
Lentrisca, Cape, cape on the S, coast of Ivica,
Lou. 1° 12rE. Lat 38° 61' N.
Lenzburg, t, Svriss canton of Aargau, on the Aa,
6 m, S,E, Aargau,
Lenzen, t, Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 74
ro, N, W, BerUn, Lon. 11° 36' E. Lat. 53° ff N.
Pop. 2,150,
Lenzo, r. Italy, which falls into the Po near Ber-
sello, Leoben, t, Auatrian states, 80 m, S, W, Vienna,
Pop, 2,400.
Letbschuts, or Hhibzien, t SUeaia, 18 m. N. W.
Ratibor. Pop. 3,400.
Leogane, t. on the W. coast of St Domingo, 9
le^fuea W. by S. Port au Prince. Lon. 72° 37'
W. Lat. 28° 3ff N.
Leogane, Bay of, calledaho Bight of Leogane, at
the W. end of tiie island of St. Doraingo. It opens
between Cape St. Nicholas and Cape Dame Ma
rie, 45 leagues apart.
Leogang, t. Austrian states, 30 m. S. S. W.
Saltzburg. -Leominster, borough and t Eng. in Hereford

shire, m the Lugg. It has manufactures of hat
and glovea ; alao some trade in fella, leather, fee-
Here is one of the beat markets for wool, cyder,
hops, and wheat. 13 m. N. Hereford, 26 W.
Worceater, 137 N. W, London. Lon, 2° 43' W,
Lat 52° Iff N, Pop, 3,232,
Leominster, p-t. 'Worcester co. Mass. 20 m. N.
Worcester. Pop. 1,584. It ia on Naahua river^
and haa numeroua milia and raanufacturea.
Leon, one of the great divisions of Spain, in the
N. W. and still distinguiahed by the title of a king
dom. It ia bounded N. by Aaturia, E. by Old Cas
tile, S. by Eatremadura, and W. by Portugal and
Galicisu , Extent, 21,000 square miles. Pop.
930,000. Leon, a province of Spain, occupying the north
ern part ofthe ancient kingdom of Leon, and sur
rounded by the Asturias, Palencia, Toro, Vallado
lid, Zamora, and Galicia, Extent, 6,200 aquare
milea. Pop, 240,000,
-Leon, (ancient Legio,) city, Spain, cap, of the
foregoing kingdom and province, is at the conflu
ence of the Torio and Berneaga, The cathedral
surpaasea in grandeur and beauty all aimilar edifi
cea in the kingdora. The ancient palace of the
kings of Leon is now in a decayed atate, and haa
been converted into a manufactory. 174 m. N, N,
W, Madrid, 74 N, N, W, Valladolid. Lon. 6° 27'
W. L at 42° 45' N. Pop. 6,200.
Lean, ial, on the S, W, coast of Spain, aeparateii
frora the mainland by a canal and river, 10 miles
long, and frora 20 to 30 feet deep, Cadiz is on a
point of land at the S, W, extreraity. See Cadiz.
Leon. See St. Pal de Lean.
Leon, or Leon de Nicaragua, cap. of the province
of Nicaragua, in Guatimala, on the W, side of
Lake Leon, It is the see of a biahop, Lon, 291**
25' W, Lat, 12° 2ff N,
Leon, t. Mexico, in Guanaxuato, 40 m. N. W.
Guanaxuato, Lon, 272° Iff W. Lat 20° Iff N,
Leonan, small isl, near the N, E, coast of Borneo.
Lon, 117° 4ff E, Lat 6° Sff N.
Leonordstan, p-t. and cap. St. Mary's co. Md.
on Britton's creek, 6 ra. above its entrance into
the Potomac, SO S, E, Port Tobacco, 74 S, An
napolis, Leone, Cape, promontory on the S, coaat of
Greece, 8 m, W, S, W, Athens,
Leones, small isl. near the coaat of Patagonia.
Lat 60° 2' 8.
Leonessa, t Naples, in Abruzzo, 19 ra. N. W.
Aquila. Leonforte, t interior of Sicily, 7 m. W. San Fi-
lippo d'Argiro. Pop. 8,000.
Leonsber^ t. Wirtemburg, 11 m. N. W. Stut^
gard. Pop. 1,700,
Leontini, or Lentini, t. Sicily, in the Val di No
to, on a river of the aarae name, 6 ra. frora the aea.
22 m, N, N, W. Syracuse. Lon, 15° E. Lat 37°
18' N. Pop. 5,000.
Leopold, a town of liberated negroea iu the pa
rish of St Peter's, in the colony of Sierra Leone.
Pop. 308.
Leapoldsou, t Auatrian States, 6 m. N. by E.
Vienna. Leopold-Schlag, t Austrian States, 26 m. N. N.
E. Lintz.
Leopoldstadt, t Hungary, 56 m. E. Vienna.
Lon. 17° 45' 46" E. Lat. 48° 25' 40'' N.
Lepage, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Cana
da, on the S. aide ofthe St Lawrence.
Lepanto, t in the S. W. of Eu. Turkey, at the
entrance of a gulfof tiie same name. 360 m. W.

393

LES

S. W. Constantinople. Lon. 22' E. Lat 38*
37' N.
Lepanto, Gulf of, formerly called the Gulf of
Corinth, agulf of Eu.Turkey, separating the coast
of Romania from the Morea.
Lepe, t Spain, in Se-ville, 10 m. E. Ayamonte.
Lon. 7° 4' W. Lat 37° 12' 15'' N.
Leper's Island, one ofthe New Hebrides. Lon.
168°4'E. Lat 15°21'N. .
Lepsina. See Ekusis.
Lepton, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m, E. byS.
Huddersfield, Pop. 2,585.
Lequeyta, t. Spain, in Biscay, on the bay of Bis
cay, 28 ra. E. N. E, Bilboa.
Lerang, Point, cape on the N. coast of Java.
Lon, 111° 27'E, Lat 6° 37' S,
Leray, t, Jefferson co. N. Y, on Black river, 180
m, N, W , Albany, Pop, 1, 149,
Leraysvilk, p-t, Jefferson co, N, Y,
Le Resauvenir, t Demerara, The. London So
ciety have a missionary here,
Leira. See Leyria.
Lerici, s-p, Italy, in the Genoese territory, 6 ra,
S, E, Spezia, Pop, 2,000.
Lerida, t Spain, in Catalonia, on the Segre, 69
m, E, by S, Saragossa, 90 W, by N, Barcelona.
Lou, 0° 25 E, Lat 41° 2ff N, Pop, 17,000,
Lerins, 2 small ialanda in the Mediterranean, on
the S, coaat of France, caUed St, Marguerite, and
St, Honorat Lon, 77° E , Lat 43° 30' N,
Lerma, t Spain, in Burgos, 23 m, S, Burgos,
Lon, 3° 45' 3" W. Lat 42° 1' 21'' N,
Lerma, t Mexico, 9 leagues W, S, W. Mexico,
Lon. 99° 21' W, Lat 19° Iff N.
Ijemo, s-p. Greece, in the Morea, in the gulfof
Napoli, 6 ra, S. E. Argos,
Leroy, formerly Bellona, p-t, Genesee co. N, Y,
10 m, E, Batavia, 38 W, Canandaigua, It con
taina a handaome viUage, vrith a Preabyterian
church. In the north part ofthe town are the re-
maina of an ancient fo^t,
Lerwick, t. Scotland, on the mainland of Shet
land, and the aeats of the courts of that stewartry.
It ia on the spacious harbour caUed Lerwick or
Brassay sound. Pop, 1,000,
Lesara, one of the Aland islea, in the Baltic, in
Ion, 20° 19' E. lat 60° Iff N,
Lesbe, v. Egypt, at the mouth ofthe Nile, S m,
from Damietta.
Lesbury, t, Eng, in Northumberland, 4 m. E, by
S, Alnwick,
Lescar, (VEsear,) t. France, in Lower Pyre
nees, 3 ra. N, W, Pau. Pop. 1,900,
Lesche, r. France, which falls into the Maese
: bove Dinant,
Lesdiguieres, t. France, in Upper Alps, 11 m, N,
Gap, Pop. 1,400,
Les Eboulemens, seigniory, Northuraberland co.
Lower Canada, on the N, side of the St, Lawrence,
56 ra, N.E, Quebec,
Lesghistan, a territory of Caucasus, bounded N,
by Circassia, and E, by Daghestan. The inhabit
ants are robbers of the raost daring and desperate
character, Lesignau, t, France, in Aude, lira, W, Nar
bonne, Pop, 1,500,
Lesina, or Lezina, (an. Pharos or Pharia,) ial,
in the Adriatic, on the S, coaat of Austrian Dalma
tia, between the islands of Brazzola, Curzola, and
Sabioncello, It is 65 milea long aud 14 broad.
Pop. 14,000.
i. Lesina, t, Naples, in the Capitanta, on the La-

L E V
ge de Lesina, which coraraunicates with the Adri
atic, 86 ra, E, N, E, Naples,
Lesmahagoe, or Abbey Green, v, Scotland, ui
Lanarkahire, 6 ra, S, Lanark. Pop. 500.
Lesneven, t France, in Finiaterre, 14 m, N, E,
Breat Lon, 4° 14' W, Lat 48° 34' N, Pop, 2,050,
Lesparre, t France, in Gironde, 13 m, N, N, W.
Bourdeaux, Pop, 800,
Lessac, t France, in Charente, on the Vienne,
Pop, 1,200,
Lessard, seigniory, ComwalUs co. Lower Cana
da, on the S, side ofthe St Lawrence,
Lessard, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Canada,
45 m, N, E. Quebec.
Lessay, t France, in La Manche, opposite Jer
sey. Pop. 1,500.
Lessines, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, on th«
Dender, 28 ra. W. S. W. Brussels. Pop. 3,700.
Lesslie, t Scotland, in Fifeshfre, 9 m, N, Kirk
aldy, Lessoe, or Lossoe, isl, Denmark, in the Catte
gat Lon, 11° ff E, Lat 57° 17' N. Pop. 1,560.
Lestwithiel. See LostvnlhieL
Letart, t. Meigs co, Ohio, Pop, in 1815, 2«S,
Letham, v. ScoUand, in Fifeshire, 4 m, W, Cu
par. Leti, small ial, near the island of Timor, Lou-.
127° 15' E. Lat 8° 2ff N,
Letterkenny, t, Ireland, in Donegal, 15 m. S,'W,
Londonderry. Letterkenny, t Franklin co. Pa. Pop. 1,549,
Letlowitz, t Moravia, 25 m, N, Brunn,
Levanghe, amall isl, of the Adriatic, Pon, ly
62' E. Lat 45° I'N.
Levant. — This terra signifies the East ; but it
is commonly applied to the E. coasta ofthe Mediter
ranean, particularly those of Aaia Minor and Syria.
Levant, isl. on the S, E. coast of France, Lon.
6° 29' 49" E, Lat 43° 25' N.
Levant, p-t Penobscot co. Maine, 10 m. N. W.
Bangor. Levonso, small isl. near W. coast of SicUy. Lon.
12° 24' E. Lat 38° 5' N.
Leubus, V. Silesia, on the Oder, 30 m. W. N. W.
Breslau. Pop. 1,100.
Leuca, Copo di, cape on the E. coast of Naples.
Lon. 18° 20' E. Lat 40° ff N.
Leucadia, promontory at the S. exfremity of flie
island of Santa Maura.
Leucate, France, in Aude, 7 m. S. Narbonne.
Leuchars, v. ScoUand, in Fifeshire, 6 m. fr. St.
Andrew's, Leven, v. ScoUand, in Fifeshire, at Uie mouth
ofthe river Leven, 9 m. E, Kirkaldy, Pop, 1,132.
-Leiien, Loch, lake, ScoUand, in Kinross co. about
12 ra. in circumference. The caaUe of Loch Lev
en, anciently a royal reaidence, stands on an island
in the N, W, part of the lake,
Leven, r, ScoUand, which issues frora Loch Lo
mond at Balloch, and faUs into the Clyde at Dum
barton caatle,
Lerentin, lake, Prussian states, 56 m, S, E, Ko
nigsberg. Levenworth, t. Crawford co. Indiana, on die
Ohio, at the horse shoe bend, 12 m, W, Corydon,
30 S, W, Salem, 25 S, Paoli,
Leverett, t Franklin co, Maas, 10 m, S, E, Greenr
field. Pop, 769.
Levering's, p-v, Philadelphia co. Pa,
Leveston's, p-v. Franklin co, Indiana.
-Leiii Point, point. Lower Canada, on the St
Lawrence, oppoaite Quebec.

LEW

LEX

399

Leviers, t. France, in Doubs, 9 m. S, Ornans,
Pop. 1,100,
Levina, t. Brown oo, Ohio, on Ohio river. Pop.
in 1816, 100,
Leidc, t Switz, in Valais, 20 m, E, Sion, Lon,
7° 45' E, Lat, 46° IT N,
Levkopol, t Russia, in the Crimea, 80 m, S, Pe-
pdEop. Lon, 34° 24' E, Lat 45° ff N.
Levroux, t. France, in Indre, 11 ra, N, Chateau
roux, Pop, 2,800,
Lease, t Netherlands, in Hsdnault, on the Den
der, 11 m, E, Toumay, Lon, 3° 2ff E, Lat 60°
34' N, Pop, 4,400,
Leutetdierg, t Saxony, 9 m, S, E, of Saalfield,
Leuiershousen, t, Baden, 9 m, E, Manheim,
Pop, 1,100,
Leuthen, v, Prassian Silesia, 10 ra, W, Breslau,
Leutkirch, t Wfrtemberg, 28 m, S, Ulm, Pop,
1,800, Leutmannsdorf, v, Sileaia, 6 m. S, E, Schweid
nitz, Pop, 2,150.
Leutmeritz, one ofthe aixteen circles into which
Boheraia is divided. F.xtent, 1,336 sq. rattes. Pop.
292,000. Leutmeritz, t Bohemia, cap. of the preceding
circle, is on the Elbe, 36 m. N. N. E. Prague, 40
Dresden. Pop. 36,000.
Leutamischl, t Boheraia, 86 m. E. by S. Prague,
22 E. Chrudim. Lon, 16° 5' E, Lat, 49° 47' N,
S, S, E, Pop, 4,650,
Leutschau, t. Hungary, in the county of Zyps,
and the place of meeting for the provincial assem
blies, 25 m, W, by S, Szeben. Lon. 19° 2ff E.
Lat. 49° N. Pop. 4,500.
Lewenz, or Leva, t. Hungary, 8 m, E, Barsch,
Lon, 18° 37' E. Lat 48° Iff N.
Lewes, borough and t Eng, in Sussex, on the W,
bank of the Ouse, which is navigable up to the
town, Ou a hill, about a raUe from the town, is
the race course, which is accounted one of the
best in England, 84 m. N, E. Brighton, 49 S,
London. Lon.0°l'.E. La.t50°5ffN. Pop.6,221.
Lewin, t. Sileaia, 15 m. W. Glatz. Lon. 16° 4'
E. Lat 50° 14' N. Pop. 1,100. '
Lewis, one of the largest and raoat northerly of
the Hebridea, on the coast of Scotiand, parted by
arms of the sea into two divisions, the southern of
v/hich is called Harris, and the northern Lewis.
Extent 902 aq. mUes, or 451,000 acres. Every
part of the ialand exhibita monumenta of antiquity,
aa duna, fortified castiea, Druidical edifices, cairns,
and upright stones. The island lies between 64°
and 72° W, lon,. and 57° 54' and 58° 28' N, lat.
Pop, 13,942,
Lewis, t Eaaex co, Vt 57 ra, N, E, MontpeUer,
8 S. of the Canada line,
Lewis, CO. N, Y. incloaed by the counties of St
Lawrence, Harailton, Oneida, Oswego, and Jef
feraon, Pop, 6,433, Chief town, Martinaburg,
Lewis, t Eaaex co, N, Y, 6 m, N, Elizabethtown,
Pop, 537,
Lends, CO, Va, formed in 1816, from part of
Harriaon county.
Lewis, CO. Ken, Pop, 2,357, Slavea, 284,
Chief town, Clarkaburg,
Lewis, t Brown co, Ohio, Pop, 903.
Lewis bay, harbor in Yarmouth, Barnatable co.
Maas. on the S. ahore of Cape Cod.
Lewisburg, p-t Yorkco. Pa.
Lewisburg, or Tarstown, p-t Northuraberland
CO. Pa. onthe W. aide of the Suaquehannah, 7 m.
above Northuinberlaod, 30 E, Aaronsburg, Itis

well aituated fbr trade. At this plaoe, a bridge is
thrown acroaa the river,
Lewisburg, p-t and cap, Greenbriar co, Va, on
the N, aide of Greenbriar river, 250 m, W. Rich
mond, Lewisburg, p-t, Muhlenburg co. Ken,
Lewis' creek, r, Vt which runa into lake Chara
plain, at Ferrisburg,
Lewisham, v, Eng, in Kent, 6 m, E, London.
Pop. 6,625.
ieiois River, r. N. America, which riaea on the
W. side of the Rocky mountaina, and, after a
courae of about 900 railes, entera the £, side of
Columbia river, 413 m, above ita mouth,
Lewis' store, p-v. Spotaylvauia co. Pa,
Lewiston, t. Lincoln co, Maine, on the Andros
coggin, 30 m, W, Wiacasset Pop, 1,033,
Lewiston, p-v. Niagara co, N, Y, on Niagara
river, opposite Queenston, 274 m- N, Buffalo, 74
S. Fort Niagara, The portage around the falla is
8 milea frora Fort Schloaser to thia place, A
steam-boat pUes regularly from Lewiaton to
Sacketta Harbor,
Lewistown, p-t, bor, and cap, MiflUu co. Pa, on
the N, aide of the Juniatta, 23 ra, N, E, Hunting
don, 86 N, W, Harrisburg, 162 W, Philadelphia,
It is regularly laid out, and containa a court-houae
and jail, a market-houae, and bank,
Lewistown, or Lewes, p-t, Suasex co. Del, on
Lewia creek, 3 m, above its enfrance into Dela
ware bay, 3 W, Cape Henlopen, 112 S, Philadel
phia, It atanda on elevated ground, commanding
a fine view of the ocean. It containa an acaderay
and 2 churchea, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for
MeUiodists, Extenaive aalt-works have lately
been erected at this place,
Lewisvilk, p-v, Brunswick co, Va.
LewisviUe, p-v. Cheater co. S. C.
Lexawaesein. See Lackawaxen.
Lexden, v. Eng. in Eaaex, 2 ra. W. Colchester.
Lexington, p-t. Middlesex co. Masa. 11 m. N.
W. Boston. Pop. 1,062. In thistown, abattie
was fought April 19, 1775, which was the com
raenceraent of the Araerican Revolution. A
raonuraent is erected on the spot
Lexington, p-t. Green co. (N. Y.) W. of Cata-
kill, Lexington, p-t, and cap, Rockbridge co, Va. on
the N, branch of Jaraea river, SO in. S. W. Staun
ton, 161 W. Richmond. Lon. 79° 4ff W. Lat.
37° 60' N. The situation of the town is healthy
and agreeable. It contains a courthouse, jail,
meeting-house for Presbyterians, a college, and
about 100 dwelling-houses. The coUege ia called
Waahington college, after General Washington,
who endowed it with 100 shares in the Jamea river
canal. It waa originally incorporated as an acad
eray, in 1782, under the narae of Liberty Hall
Acaderay, but the canal stock having become
within a few years very productive, il has assum
ed the form of a college. It has a philosophical
apparatus, a library of about 2,000 volumes, a
president, 2 professors, and about 50 students.
The canal shares have in sorae years produced an
income of raore than $3,000. .
Lexington, p-v. Rowan co. N. C.
Lexington, diatrict, S. C. Pop. 6,641. Slave?,
1,911. Chief town, Granby.
-Lexing/on, forraerly Great falk, p-t. and cap,
Oglethorpe co. Geo. on Ogechee river. It ia on a
beautiful eminence, which overlooka the falla iq
the river. The public buildings are a court-

400

LEY

house and jafl, and an academy, 2 m. from
Georgetown, 30 fr. Greenaboro, 76 N. W. Au
guata. Lexington, p-t. and cap. Fayette co. Ken. is de
lightfully Situated in a beautiful valley on Town
Fork, a small streara which falls intothe S. branch
of Elkhorn river, 25 ra. E. S. E, Frankfort, 76 E,
LouisviUe, 88 S, Cincinnati, Lat 38° 6' N, Lon.
85° 8' W. It ia regularly laid out, and contains
a court-houae, a market-house, a masonic hall, 3
banks, a public library, ,a univerjity, a female
acaderay, 3 printing offices, and 7 houaes of pub
lic worahip, 3 for Preabyteriana, and 1 , each, for
Epiacopaliana, Baptiats, Methodista, and Roman
Catholics. — The growth of this town has been ex
ceedingly rapid. In 1797, it contained only about
-SO houses, aad the best farmers lived in log cab
ins. It is now a large and beautiful town, cover
ed with stately and elegant buildinga, and in
wealth and refinement ia acarcely surpassed by
any place in the western country. The raanu
facturing establishments are various and exten
sive. Here are 4 nail factories, which raanufac
ture 70 tons of nails yearly, 2 copper and tin
manufactoriea, several cotton and woollen manu
factoriea, 3 ateam grist milia, 2 ateam paper mills,
ropewalks on a large scale, besides tanneries,
breweries, distilleries, &c. — The country around
Lexington is rauch admired for the beauty of its
scenery, and is-adomed with more than 50 hand
some country seats.
Transylvania University in this place, was
originally incorporated before the separation of
Kentucliy frora Virginia. In 1818, it waa re-or
ganized under a board of 13 trustees, who are
chosen biennially by the legislature. In 1820, the
officers were a president, who ia alao professor of
the philosophy of the human mind, moral philoso
phy, and the elements of civil policy, rhetoric,
logic, and philosophical gramraar ; 4 medical
professors ; a professor of chemistry ; a professor
of natural philosophy and mathematics ; a pro
fessor of botany and natural history, and teacher
of modern languages ; 3 tutors ; 2 assistant tu
tors ; and the principal of the preparatory de
partment. The number of students waa 235, of
-whom 34 were medical students ; 53 in the four
regular classes ; 49 irregulars, and 99 in the pre
paratory departraent The irregulara are those
who receive instruction with the regular claaaea,
but are not candidates for any degree. The
buildings consiat of two coUege edifices of brick,
one erected several years since; the other, erect
ed in 1818, ia a spacious huilding, 130 feet by 50,
3 atoriea high, containing a chapel, four recitation
rooma, a room for the library, and SO rooras for atu-
dents. The Ubrary containa about 3,000 voluraea,
and a conaiderable aura haa recently been expend
ed in the purchase of a cheraical and philosophical
apparatus, Lexington, t Stark co, Ohio, Pop, in 1819, 420,
Lexington, p-t, Richland co- Ohio,
Lexington, p-t Jefferson co, Indiana,
Leyden, city, Netherlands, in S', Holland, It
i-j-nka araong the largest cities of Holland, and is
inferior to none in the spaciousness of ita atreeta.
It atanda on a araall branch of the Rhine. The
canala that traverae the town, form, by their va
rious intersections, upwards of 50 petty ialanda.
The fortifications conaiat of a circular mound of
• arth, partly covered with turf, and partly faced
with brick. Along this mound aro fine ahady
vr-ilk", and outside of it a deep and braad moat.

LIB
The university of Leyden was formerly famous
throughout Europe, It was founded in 1576,
The nuraber of professora ia 21 ; viz, 4 of theolo
gy, 4 of law, 4 of medicine, 4 of philoaophy, and
5 of languagea. Their lectures are delivered in
Latin, Their salaries, independent" of a house
and- the sraall fees paid by the pupils, are some
what raore than 250/, The number of students
ia at preaent (1819) about 300 : of these, about 80
study medicine, 100 phUoaophy and languages,
and the others divinity and law. Belonging to
the university is a valuable botanical garden, a
cabinet of natural history, an anatomical theafre,
an observatory, and a library. In the last, the
manuscripts are aaid to form 10,000 volumea j
the number of printed volumea is about 40,000i
Printing, especially the printing of classical books,
was forraerly a great branch of frade here ; but it
is now rauch reduced. Leyden sustained a fa
moua aiege in 1573, against the Spaniards, 10 m,
N. E, of the Hague, 22 S, W, Amsterdam. Lon,
4° 29' E, Lat, 52° 9 N, Pop, 31,000,
Leyden, p-t. Lewis co. N. Y. on Black river, 33
m. N. Utica, 1 15 N, W, Albany. Pop. 792.
Leyden Isk, isl. off the N. Vi. coast of Ceylon.
Leyder-Dam, or Leidschendam, t Netherlands,
in S. HoUand, 3 ra. E. of the Hague. Pop. 1,800.
Leyland, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. W.
Chorley. Pop. 2,646.
Leyria, t Portugal, in Estremadura, 37 m. S.
S, W, Coimbra, 77 N, by E, Lisbon, Pop, 3,500,
Leyta, isl, one of the PhiUppines, 95 mUes long,
by 38 broad, Lon, 124° 40' E, Lat 10° 50' N,
Leytha, r, in the S. E, of Germany, which
joins an arm of the Danube near Altenburg, 9 m,
W, Comom,
Lezai, t, France, in Deux-Sevrea, 22 m, S, by
E, Niort Pop, 1,700,
Lezat, t. France, in Arriege, 25 m, N, W, Mi-
repoix. Pop, 2,550,
Liancourt, t France, in Oise, 4 m, S, Clermont,
Pop, 1,000,
Libanus, a lofty mt Syria, the ancient Leba
non, ao celebrated in acripture poetry. It runs
nearly N. and S, from the vicinity of TripoU to
the borders of Palestine, and ia distant from the
sea about 30 or 40 railea. To the E. is a paraUel
chain, -coramonly called AotiUbanus, The height
of Libanua is very conaiderable, the aummit being
covered with snow for a great part of the year,
A few specimens yet remain of those magnificent
cedars, for which Lebanon was once so celebrated,
Libau, s-p. Russia, in Courland, on ihe Baltic,
It has a commodious harbor for small veasels. Pop,
5,000, 66 ra, W, Mittau, Lon, 20° 55' 20" E.
Lat 56° 31' 36'' N.
Libcran, sraall isl, near the N, E. coast of Bor
neo, Lon, 1 16° ff E. Lat 6° 2' N,
Liberty, t Sullivan co. N. Y. on Delaware riv
er. Pop, 419.
Liberty, t Adama co. Pa,
Liberty, p-t and cap, Bedford co, Va, IS m. N,
W, New London, 35 E, S. E, FincasUe, 40 from
Rocky raount.
Liberty, co, Geo, on the coast, bounded N. by
Brvan and Tatnall cos. S, by Mackintosh co, W.
by" tlie Alatamaha. Pop. 6,288. Slaves, 4,808,
Chieftown, Riceborough.
Liberty, p-t. and cap, Amite co, Mississippi, 65
m, from Madisonville,
Liberty, p-t. Smith co. Ten. 20 m. S. Carthage,
Liberty, p-t. Cusey co. Ken. Pop. 78.
.Libtrly, t. Butier co, Ohio, 6 m, E, Hamilton-

L I C

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401

Liberty, t Clmton co, Ohio, 7 ra, N, Wilming
ton, Liberty, t, Delaware co, Ohio,
Liberty, t Fairfield co, Ohio, 10 m, N. Lan
caster, Liberty, t. Highland co, Ohio, in which is
Hillsborough, the seatof justice for the county.
Liberty, t. Montgomery oo, Ohio, 9 m, W, Day
ton. Liberty, p-t TrumbuU co. Ohio, on Mahoning
river, 8 m. S. E. Warren.
L'Uierty, t Washington co, Missouri,
Diberty-comer, p-v, Somerset co. N, J,
Liberty-hall, p-v, Morgan co, Geo,
Liberty-tbwni p-t Frederick co. Md, 12 m, N,
E, Fredericktown, 46 fr, Washington.
Libethen, t Hungary, 122 m. E. by N. Vienna.
Pop. 1,350.
Libnah, in Sac. Geog. t Palestine, in the plaina
of Judah, given to the Levites. It is also the
name of an encampment of the IsraeUtes in the
wUderness. LUnba, amaU isl. on the S. E. coaat of Gilolo.
Lon. 128° 2ff E. Lat 10° 48' S.
Libochowitz, t. Bohemia, on the Egra, 8 ra. S.
Leutmerifr. Pop. 1,100.
Liboume, t France, in Gironde, near the junc
tion of the Ille and the Dordogne, 20 ra. N. E.
Bourdeaux. Lon, 0° ff 11" W, Lat 44° Sff 2"
N, Pop, 8,000,
Libya, in Sac, Geog, a country of Africa, bor
dering on Egypt It consisted of three parts :
Libya proper, • Libya Marraarica, and Cyrenean
Libya. Tbe Libya mentioned Acta ii. 10. is Cy
renean Libya, called also Pentapolia, from ita 5
citiea: Berenice, Arsinoe, Ptolemais, ApoUonia,
and Cyrene. ^>
Lich, t Germany, in Upper Hes^e, 42 ra. N. E.
Mentz. Pop. 1,900.
Lichfield, city, Eng. in Staffordahire, It forraa,
along with Coventry, the see of a bishop, has an
elegant cathedral, and hence derives ila chief sup
port and iraportance, being principally inhabited
hy the dignitariea of the church, and a number of
genteel familiea which this society attracta to the
place. The cathedral is one of the noblest reli
gious edifices in the kingdom. The chief manu
factures of Lichfield are of horae-aheetinga and
aaUcloth, It has long been famous for ita exceUent
ale. It sends two membera to parUament. IS ra.
N: Birraingham, 125 N. W. Londou. Lon. 1°
Sff W. Lat 52° 41' N. Pop. 6,022.
lAchtenau, t in the electorate of Heaae, 15 m. S,
E. Caasel, Pop. 1,100. — There are aeveral araall
places of the sarae narae in Germany. — It is also
the narae of one of the settlements of the Mora-
-viana, in Greenland.
Lichtenfels, t. Bavarian States, on the Maine,
23 m. N. N, E, Bamberg, Pop, 1,650,
Lichtenfek, one of the settlements of the Mora
vian missionaries, on the coast of Greenland. In
1818, the congregation consisted of 318 persons,
. Lichtenstadl, t, Bohemia, 6 m. N, Carlsbad.
Pop, 1,000,
Lichtensteig, t Switz, in St, Gall, 27 ra, E, Zu
rich, Lichtenstein, principality in the S, W, of Ger
many, lying between Tyrol, the Voralberg, and
Switz?riand, Pop. 6,000,
Lichtenstein, t. Saxony, 42 m, S, Leipaic,
LkhtenvoordCn, t. Netherlands, iu Guelderland,
l!»m, S.E. Zutphen. Pop. 2.-5Q0. 51

Idchvin, t. Russia, on the Oka, 28 m, S. Kaluga,
Lon, 36° 44' E, Lat, 64° N, Pop, 1,200,
Lick, t, Jackson co, Ohio,
Licking, r. Kentucky, which falla into the Ohio,
at Newport, after a courae of raore than 180 miles.
It ia navigable 70 railea.
Licking, r, Ohio, which joins the Muskingum,
on the W, oppoaite Zanesville, Near its mouth,
extensive iron works are erected,
lAcking, CO, Ohio, Pop, in 1815, 6,400. Chief
town, Newark,
Licking, t. Licking co, Ohio,
Licking, t, Jackson co, Ohio,
Licking, t Muskingum co, Ohio, 10 m, N. W.
Zanesville, Licking-station, p-v. Floyd's co, Kentucky,
Licky, r. Ireland, which runs into the Blackwa
ter, 4 m, N, Youghai:
Liconda, s-p. Tripoli, Lon, 18° 10' E. Lat,
30° SffN,
Liconid, p-v. Harriaon co, Indiana.
Licosa, Cape, cape on the coast of Naplea, in the
gulf of Salerno, Lon, 16° Sff E, Lat. 40° Iff N,
Did, or Lyd, r, Eng, which falls into the Tamar,
4 m, fr, Taviatock,
Lida, t, Russia, in Grodno, 196 m, E, S,E, Ko
nigaberg, Lon. 25° 35' E, Lat 63° 52' N.
Liddal, r. Scotland, which forma the boundary
with England, four or five milea, till it joins the
Esk. Lidford, v. Eng, in Devonshire, on the Lid, 8
ra, frora Oakhampton,
Lidhult, t. Sweden, 60 ra, S, Jonkioping,
Lidkwping, t Sweden, in West Gothland, 93
ra, S, W. Orebro. Lon, 12° 52' E, Lat, 58° S3'
N. Pop, 1,560,
Lido di Sottomarina, the raoat aouthern of the
ialands which separate the lagunes of Venice
from the sea, Il has a town of the sarae narae,
containing 2,600 inhabitants. There is an em
bankment of freestone, 32 feet thick, to defend
the coaat next the Adriatic from the violence of
storms ; but il is now partly gone to ruin.
Lids, small isl. Denmark, in the Baltic, LoD.
11° 20' E. Lat 54° 41' N,
Liebau, t. Moravia, 14 ra, N, E, Olmutz, Lon,
17° 28' E, Lat, 49° Sff N, Pop, 800,
Liebemubl, t. East Prussia, 76 m, S, S, W, Ko
nigsberg. Pop, 1,050,
Lieben, v. Boheraia, on the Moldau, 5 m, N. E,
Prague, Pop, 1,000,
Liebenau, t. Hesse-Cassel, SO m, W, Gottin
gen, Liebenwerda, t Prusaian Saxony, on the
Schwarz Elatlr, 38 ra, N, N, W, Dresden, Pop,
1,400. Lieberose, t. Prussian atates, 64 ra, N, by E,
Dresden, Pop, 1,000,
Liebstadt, t. W, Prussia, 48 ra,W, S. W, Pren
zlow, Pop, 1,400,
Liecltstall, t. Swiss canton of Bale, 9 ra, S, E,
Bale, Lon. 7° 4ff E, Lat 47° Sff N,
Liege, province, Netherlands, in the S, E, part
of the kingdom, aurrounded by the Pruaaian prov
ince of the Lower Rhine, the grand duchy~of
Luxemburg, and the provinces of Namur, South
Brabant, and Liraburg, Extent, 2,200 aq. railes.
The aapect ofthe country ia that of an undulating
plain, except in the S. and E. where it ia hiUy and
covered with extensive forests. Before the French
revolution, this country was subject to the bishop
of Liege, a member of the Germanic body,' The'

402

L I G

revenue exceeded 100,000/. a year, and the bish
opric had a regular constitution ; but it is now
abolished, and the province is incorporated with
the new kingdom of the Netherlands. Its inhabi
tants, amounting to 364,000, are for the moat part
Catholics. Liege, t, Netherlands, cap, of the preceding
province, is on the Maese, in a pleasant valley,
surrounded with cultivated hilla. The town ia
gloomy, and ill built. The inhabitants are ac
tively engaged in trade and manufacturea. The
principal products of the aurrounding territory
are coal, iron, and alum ; also tobacco in consid
erable quantitiea, Liege haa very extenaive iron
worka ; and ia particularly famoua for its manu
facturea of arras. The raanufacturea of clock
work are extensive ; those of nails eraploy in the
town and neighbourhood from 10,000 to 14,000
workmen, 14 m. S, S. W. Maestricht, 53 E. by S.
Bruaaela. Lon. 5° 31' E, Lat, 50° Sff N, Pop,
50,000. Ziiegnitz, an extensive govemment of Prussian
SUesia, Extent, 4,100 sq. mUes. Pop. 606,000,
The chief manufactures are of linen and woollen,
Liegnitz, t. Sileaia, cap. of the government of
the same name, at the conflux of the Katzbach,
the Schwartzwasser, and the Neisse. Here is an
academy, with five proiiessors. Liegnitz carriea
on a considerable trade in woollens ; also in mad
der. The population including the suburb, is
nearly 10,000. 39 ra. W. by N, Breslau, 110 N.
E, Prague. Lon. 16° 12' E, Lat 51° 12' N,
Lien-tcheou, city, China, in the province of
Quang-ton, on the gulf of Tunquin, Lon, 108°
SffE, Lat21°4ffN.
Liens, or Luens, t Austrian atatea, in the Ty
rol, at the conflux of the Isola and Drave, Pop.
1,S00, Lon, 12° 4ff E, Lat 46° 4ff N,
lAeowkieou. See Loochoo.
Lierre, t Netherlands, at Uie junction of the
two Nethes, 10 ra. S. E. Antwerp, Lon. 4° 37' E,
Lat 51° ffN, Pop, 9,681,
Liesna, or Leszno, v. Russia, in Mohilow, 40
m. N, by W. Czernigov,
Liesse, Notre Dame de, I. France, in Aisne, 7 ra,
E. N. E, Laon,
Lieuroy, pr Lierry, t. France, in Eure, 7 m, S,
Pont Auderaer. Fop. 1,600,
Liffamotula, isl. in the Eaatern seas, 28 miles
long, and 6 broad. Lon. 126° Iff E. Lat, 2° S,
Liffey, r. Ireland, -which rises in the mountains
of Wicklow, and runs into Uie bay of Dublin. Ita
course is about 70 miles.
Lifford, t. Ireland, in Donegal, on the Foyle, 2
m. W. Strabane, 11 S. S. W. Donegal,
Liffre, t, France, in lUe-and- Vilaine, 9 m. N.
E. Rennes. Pop. 2,100.
Ligne, t Netherlands, in Hainault, on the Den
der, 15 ra. N, W, Mons,
Ligniere la Doucelk, t. France, in Mayenne, 12
m, N, Vilaine, Pop. 2,700.
Lignieres, t. France, in Cher, 24 ra, S, Bourges,
Pop, 2,200.
Ligny, t. France, in Meuse, on the Ornain, 9
ra, S, E, Bar le Due, Lon, 5° Iff E, Lat 48°
39' N, Fop, 2,850,
Ligny, v, Netherlands, in Namur, the scene of
battle between the Prussians and French, on the
16th June 1815, 3 m. N, E, Fleurus, 11 W, N,
W, Naraur,
Ligny le Chateau, t. France, in Yonne, 0 m, S,
S. E, Florentin, Pop, 1,250,

L I M
Liganton, t, .Amelia co, Va, 4 m, fr, Appomatox
river, Ligor, Island of. See Tontahm. • .: ...
Ligore, t. Malay peninaula, aubjeofc^to Siam,
Lon, 100° 35' E, Lat, 8° Iff N.
Ligre, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 6 m, S,by
E, Chinon, Pop, 1,000.
Ligueil, t. France, in lndre-E(nd-Loire, 21 m, S.
Tours, Pop, 2,000.
Lihons, t. France, in Somme, 18 m, E. Amiens,
Likiang-fau, a city of Yunnan, in China, on
the frontier of Thibet Lon. 100°ff E. Lat 26"
52' N.
Xi/a, s-p. Abyssinia, 48 m. S. S. E. Arkeeko,
LUle. See Lisle.
Lillers, t. France, in Pas-de-Calaia, 6 m, W, N,
W, Bethune, Pop. 4,100,
Lilk, a araaU fortreas, Netherlands, on the N,
bank ofthe Scheldt, 9 ra. N. W. Antwerp, 12 S.
Bergen-op-Zoom. •
Lilly Point, p-v. King WiUiam eo. Va.
Lilunda. See Lelunda.
Lima. See Panic de Lima.
Lima, r, which riaes in Spanish Galicia, and
croaaing Portugal, enters the Atiantic in lat 41"
4ff N,
Lima, province, Pera, bounded N, by Truxillo,
E, by Tarma and GuEincavelica, W. by the Pacif
ic, and S, by Arequipa.
Lima, city, S, Araerica, and cap. of the king
dom of Peru ; also called Ciudad de ks Reyes, or
City of Kinga, was founded in 1535, by Pizarro.
It ia aituated in the spacious and del4:htfHl valley
of Rimac, an Indian word, and the true name of
the city itself. It is surrounded -with a brick wall,
flanked with 34 bastions, but without plat&rmaor
embrasure ; Um intention of it being merely to in
close Uie city,^d render it capable of sustaining
any sudden attack ofthe Indiana. The housea,
though low, are generally commodious, and of a
handsome appearance. 'They are constructed of
wood, on account of the frequent earthquakes.
The grand square in the middle of the oi^ is of
great extent and beauty. In the cenfre is a large
and magnificent fountain. On its sides are the ca
thedral and the archbishop's palace, the viceroy's
palace, the town-house and prison. The other
principal buildinga of the city are the churches
and chapela, which are partiy buttt of al;one, and
decorated in the most splendid style, with paint
ings and ornaments of tiie greatest value. The
number of inhabitanU in 1795, was 52,627, of
whora about 20,000 were whites, and the rest ne
groes, Indians, mulattoes, and mestizoes. Of the
whites about 3,000 were monks and nuns. Luxu
ry in dress, and a fondness for splendid retinues,
constitutea the prevailing paasion of the inhabit
ants of Lima; and the public vpalks and malls are
always crowded with carriages. AU classes are
fond of fine clothing, and wear the richest stuffi ol
Europe as ordinary dresses.
Lima, besides being the capital of Peru, has al
ways been tlie emporium of the kingdom. The
principal exports are gold and silver. The Euro
pean goods in greateat requeat in Lima, and gen
erally in Pern, are silk, superfine cloth, lace, fine
linen, and other articles of luxury and show. Cut
lery, and all instrumenta of iron are also in great
request. Lima is about 2 leagues from the coast,
and 30 from the CordiUeras. Lon. 77° 7' 30" W,
Lat, 12° 2' 34" S. V
Lana, or Cliarleston, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y' 1"

L I M
M, W, Canandaigua, SO E, Batavia, 224 fr, Alba
ny, Pop, 1,474,
Liman, r, ChiU, -which, after a course of 32
leagues, falla into the Pacific ocean. Lat. 30°
32' S,
Limay, t France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the
Seine, opposite Mantes. Pop.' 1,550,
Limbe, isl, in the E-astern aeaa, near the E, coaat
of Celebes, Lon. 125° Iff E. Lat 1° Iff N.
Limburg, province, Netherlands, in the S. E,
part ofthe liingdora, bounded by Prusaia and the
provinces of Liege, South Brabant, Antwerp, and
North Brabant Extent, 1,500 aq. raUes. Pop,
292,000, Ita producta are corn, plilse, tobacco,
flax, and fruit. Its raines of coal are said lo pro
duce annually about 150,000 tons. Maeatricht ia
the capital,
Limburg, t Netherlanda, in Liege, 18 m, E. by
S, of Liege, Pop. 3,000,
Limburg on the Lahn, t. Gerraany, in Nasaau,
32 in, N, Mentz. Lon, 8° ff E. Lat 50° 2ff N,
Pop. 2,700,
Limburg, or Hahen-Limburg, t. Pruasian states,
20 m, W, Arensburg. Pop. 1,200.
Lime, r. Eng. in Doraetahire, which falla into
the sea at Lyrae Regis.
Idme creek, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama.
Limehouse, parish, Eng, 2 ra, E. London, Pop,
7,386, ' 1* ' »
Limehouse River, r. Honduras, which runs into
the bay of Honduras in lon. 85° 54' W. lat 15°65' N,
Limekilns, s-p, ScoUand, in Fifeahire. It ex
ports great quantities of coal, 3 m, S, Dunferm-
Kne. Pop, 700.
Limekiln Bay, bay of the island of St. Christo
pher, 1 ra. W. Basseterre,
Limerick, co, Ireland, bounded N. by the river
Shannon, which separatea it frora the county of
Clare ; S, by Cork ; N, E. and E. by Tipperary ;
W, by Kerry, Extent, 622,975 acrea, or 970 sq,
milea. The land is generally fertile, and pecu
Uarly adapted for rearing sheep and other cattle.
The flat grounds, which extend along the banks
of the Shannon, are considered the richest and
most fertile in Ireland. Pop, 250,000, of whom
by far the greater proportion are Catholics.
Limerick, city, Ireland, and cap. of Limerick
county, on the Shannon, about 60 miles frora ita
mouth. It is large, elegant, and populous, and
justly reputed the third city in Ireland. The
principal public buildinga are the custom-house,
the cathedral, and the bishop's palace. It con
tains four Protestant churchea, and eight chapels
for the Roman Catholics, There is alao an exten
aive barrack for 22 companies of foot and four
troops of horse. Limerick carries on raanufac
turea of Unen, woollen, and paper. Its export
trade is also very considerable. It is a mtirket
for American produce. Us imports are rum, su
gar, tiraber, tobacco, wine, bark, salt, and coals ;
and it exports beef, pork, butter, hides, rapeseed,
and yam. Vessela of 300 tona burden may dia-
charge their cargoea at the custom-house. Being
naturally a city of great atrength, from ita position
in the river Shannon, it has always been deemed
a place of considerable iraportance. The popula
tion ia varioualy eatimated from 50,000 to 60,000.
94 m. S. W. Dublin, Lon, 8° 31' W, Lat, 62°
Sff N.
Limerick, p-l. York co, Maine, 35 ra. N, York,
30 N, W, Portland. It containa a flouriahing
academy, and 2 houaes for public worship, 1 for
Congregationalists, and 1 for Baptists, Here

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403

are several miUs erected on a branch of'Oasapee
river. Limerick, t. Montgomery co. Pa. on the Sfchuyl-
kiU, 4 m, below Poll's grove. Pop, 1,282.
Litiiesol, s-p, Cyprus, The country around
abounds in vineyards, Lon. 32° Sff E. Lat 34°
4ff N. ,
Limestone, co, Alabama, on the N. side of Ten
nessee river. Chieftown, Cotton Port.
Limestone creek, r. Tennessee, tiie N, E, branch
of Nolachucky river.
Limestone valley, the valley between the Blue
Ridge, and AUeghany range of mountains in
Virginia, LimeuM, t. France, at the conflux ofthe Vezer-
re and the Dordogne, 9 ra. S, Periguex, Pop,
850, Liminglon, p-t. York co, Maine, on Saco river,
40ra, N, Saco. Pop. 1,174,
Limmat, r. Switzerland, which risea in the Alps,
about II ra. S. of Glaria, passes through the lake
and town of Zurich, and aftervrarda falls into the
Aar. Limme, t Eng, in Cheshire, 74 ra. N, W, Neth
er Knulsford, Pop. 1,908.
Limoeiro, t Brazil, on the Capibaribe, 60 m,
N, E. Pernambuco.
Limoges, t France, in Upper Vienne, on the
right bank of the Vienne, 110 m. N. E. Bourdeaux,
and 250 S. by W. Paris, Lon. 1° Iff E, Lat, 45°
4ff N. Pop, 20,255.
Limogne, t. France, in Lot, 17 m, E. Cahors,
Fop. 1,200.
Limona de la Trau, t Hispaniola, 10 m. S. E.
Cape Francois.
Limone, t. Piedraont, 6 m. N, N, E. Tenda, 10^
S, Coni. Pop, 3,100,
Limones, Punta, cape on the N, coast of Cuba.
Lon. 76° Sff W. Lat. 21° 2ff N,
Limasani, t. Naples, 17 m, N. E, MoUae, Pop,
2,400. Limours, t France, in Seine-and-Oise, 16 ra,
S, W. Paria, Pop, 900.
Limousin, or Limosin, before the revolution a
province of France, which now forma the depart
ment ofthe Upper Vienne and the Correze,
Limoux, I. France, in Aude, on the river Aude,
16 ra. S. W. Carcassonne. Pop. 6,200.
Linacagan, isl. one of the Calamianes, Lon.
120° IffE. Latll°4ff N,
Linais, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 16 ra. S, E.
Limoges, Pop. 1,5(30.
Linan, r. Wales, which runs into the Irish sea,
6 m. S. Caernarvon.
Linares, t. ilpain, in Andalusia, 26 ra, N, byE.
Jaen, Pop. 5,650,
Linchanchia, t Yucatan, 25 ra. N. Merida.
Lincoln, a maritime county, Eng. on the E.
coast, between the estuaries of the Humber and
the Wash. Il is bounded E. by the German ocean,
N. by the river Humber, W. by York, Notting
ham, and Leicester, and S. by Rutiand, North
ampton, and Cambridge. Extent, 2,787 sq. milea,
or 1,783,680 acres. Throughont the whole ofthe
eastern half of the county the land ia uniformly
low, marahy, and fenny. The fens were formerly
inundated by the aea, but being protected by
great erabankments, form now one of the richest
tracta in the kingdom. The drainage of thera has
been in a great meaaure accompUahed within the
laat 40 or 50 yeara ; it ia atill going on, and is per
haps one of the greatest works ever undertaken in
the kingdom, Mr, Young reckons, that for 30

404

LIN

L I N

fears prerious to 1808, not less than 150,000aeres
had been recovered. The fertility of the improv
ed laij^s is extraordinary. They are adapted to
all the ordinarjf crops, but are chiefly devoted to
grazing. Pop. in 1811, 237,891 ; of whom 29,881
famUies were employed in- agriculture ; 13,184 in
trade and manufacturea ; and 7,839 otherwiae.
Lincoln^ city, Eng. cap. of Lincolnahire, on the
N. bank of the Witham. It is a city of great anti
quity, and iathe see of a bishop, whose dioceae is
the moat extensive in the kingdom. The town ia
ill built, and haa greatly declined from its former
splendour. The cathedral ia rauch adraired for
its elegant architecture. Beaides the cathedral,
there are eleven churchea, and also places of wor
ship for Roraan Catholics, Independent Baptists,
Calvinists, and Methodists. 21 m. W. Homcastle,
SI N. by W, Peterborough, 129 N. by W. London,
Lon, 0°34'W. Lat 63° 14' N, Pop, in 1811,
8,861. Lincoln, co. Niagara district. Up. Canada, on
Niagara river, at its mouth.
Lincoln, t. Sunbury co. New-Brunswick, on the
W. side of St, John's river,
Lincoln, co. Maine, on both sides ofthe Kenne
beck, at its mouth, bounded N. by Kennebeck co,
E, by Hancock co, S, by the Atlantic, and W. by
Cumberland co. Pop, 42,992, Chieftown, Wia-
oasaet Lincoln, p-t, Hancock co, Maine, 27 m, N, W,
Caatine, Lincoln, t. Gralton co, N. H. 58 m, N, Concord,
Pop, 100.
Lineoln, t Addison co, Vt 21 m, S, W, Mont
peUer, Pop, 225,
Lincoln, t. Middlesex co. Mass, 16 m, N, W.
Boston, Pop. 713.
LincolUi CO, in the W, part of N, C, Pop, 16,359,
Slaves, 2,489, Chieftown, Lincolnton,
Lincoln, co, Geo, on Savannah river. Pop,
4,555, Slaves, 2,212, Chieftown, Lincolnton,
Lincoln, co, West-Tennesaee, on Elk river.
Pop. 6,104. Slaves, 720, Chief town, Fayette
ville, Lincoln, co. Ken, Pop, 8,676, Slavea, 2,341,
Chieftown, Stanford.
Lincoln, t. Mercer co. Ken. on Dick'a river, 12
m, S, E. DanviUe, 11 N, W, Crab-orchard,
Lincoln, co, Missouri.
Lincolriton, p-t. Lincoln co, N, C, 41 m, fr,
Charlotte, 46 fr, Morgantown.
Lincolnton, p-t, and cap. Lincoln co. Geo. 40 ra.
N, W, Augusta,
LitwolnviUe, or Ducktrap, p-t, Hancock co,
Maine, on the W, side of Penobscot bay, 16 ra,
W, Caatine, Fop. 1,013.
Lindau, t. Bavaria, builton three islanda onthe
lake of Constance, 25 m. E. Constance, Lon, 9°
40' TE, Lat .47° 31' 44" N,
Lindau, t. Hanover, 10 m, N, E, Gottingen,
Pop, 1,100,
Lindau, t Germany, in Anhalt-Kothen, 5 m, N,
Zerbst Pop. 1,450,
Lindenfels, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 22
m, N, E. Manheim.
Lindley, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 2 m. fr, Hudders
field, Pop. 1,686.
Lindley s store, p-v. Albemarle co. Va.
Lindley's store, p-v. Orange co, N. C.
Lindo, isl. on the coaat of Eastern Africa, at the
mouth ofthe Zambese,
Lindo, Cape, promontory on the W, coast of

the ialand of Cerigo, Lon, 40° 34' E, Lat 36,"
27' N,
Lindolo, t. Portugal, in Entre-Duero-e-Miijiq,
57m, N, N.E, Oporto,
Lindau, t Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 37
m. N.N. W.Berlin. Pop. 1,000.
Lindsky town, p-v. in'Fainted post, N, Y,
Lindy, r, E, Africa, which faUs into the Indian
sea, in lat 9° Sff S,
Idngan, r. Ireland, which runs intothe Suir, 2
m, below Carrick-upon-Suir.
Lingen, county of Gerraany, divided into Up
per and Lower, the former belonging to Russia,
the latter to Hanover. Pop. 25,000.
Lingen, t Hanover, on the Elbe, 40 m. N. W,
Munater. Lingen Isk, isl. off the N. E. coast of Sumatra,
50 milea long, and 30 broad.
Lingholm, amall isl. among the Orkneys. Lon.
0°27'E. Lat 50° SffN.
Ling-tao, city, China, in Shansee. Lon. 106°
34' E. Lat 25° 22' N.
Lingvo Grosso, t Sicily, in the Val di Demona.
9 m. W. Taormina. Pop. 4,000.
Linguetta, Cape, cape, Eu. Turkey, in Alba
nia, at the entrance of the Adriatic. Lat 40°
SffN. Lingwick, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
80 ra, S, E. Three-Rivera,
Linhares, t Portugal, in Traa-loa-Montes, 19
m, S. Mirandola, Pop. 1,000.
Linitan, amall ial. 5 ra. N. Serangan. Lou. 125°
21' E. Lat. 5° Sff S.
Lirikicping, a government of Sweden, situated
along the Baltic, S. of Stockholm. Extent, 3,280
aq.' milea. Pop. 163,000.
Linkiaping, t. Sweden, and cap. of the above
government, 112 m. S. 'W. Stockholm. Lon. 15°
32' E. Lat 58° 22' N. Pop. 3,000.
Linkness, cape, Scotland, on the N. W. coaat of
the island of Stronaa. Lon, 0° 26' E, Lat 59°
4'N, Linlithgow, or West-Lothian, a county of Scot
land, bounded N. by the frith of ForUi, E, by Mid-
Lothian, S, by Mid-Lothian and Lanarkshire, and
W. by tho latter county and Stirling, Extent,
112 square milea, or 71,580 acro8,S8,0iOO of which
are cultivated. Pop, in 1811, 19,451,
Linlithgow, a royal burgh, Scotiand, and cap,
of Linlithgowshire, ia on the N, alope of a hill,
about 2 ra, frora the Avon, It ia of great antiqui
ty, and contains Uie remains of ancient magnifi
cence. At the N, aide of the town standa the roy
al palace, now in ruina. The chief manufacture
is Uie tanning of leather, and Uie making of shoes.
It waa anciently a place of great trade, 16 m, W,
Edinburgh, 8 E, Falkirk, Pop, 2,557,
Linnhe, Loch, an arra of the aea, on the W,
coast of Scotland, which separates the counties of
Inverness and Argyle,
Linnkh, t. Pruasian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, Lon, 6° 13' E. Lat, 50° 57' N, Pop, 2,100.
Linthwaile, t Eng. in Yorkahire, near Hudders
field. Pop. 1,643.
Linton, v. ScoUand, in Peeblea co. 164 m. W,
Edinburgh, Linton, t, Eng, in Cambridge co. 10 ra, S, E,
C'ambridge, 40 N, London, Lon, 0° 16' E, Lat,
52° ff N, Pop. 1,873,
Lints, t. Auafrian. atates, at the influx of the
Traun into Uie Danube, It ia » well built town,
and a biahop'a see. Here ia a great woollen man-

L I S
uCictory, established by the government, which
gives employment, directiy or indirecQy, to near
ly 30,000 individuals in the town and country, 94
m, W, Vienna, 42 E, S, E, Passau, Lon, 14° Iff
E, Lat, 48° Iff N, Pop, 17,000,
Lintz Green, t Eng, in Durham, 8 m, S. W,
Gateahead, Pop, 868,
-Litis, t Pruasian atatea, on the Rliine, 23 m, S.
S, E, Cologne, Pop. 1,400,
Lion Cove, amall bay in the straits of Magellan,
Lon, 74° 25' W, Lat 53° 26' S,
Lion Marin, Baye de, bay on the S. coaat of
Kerguelen's Land. Lon. 68° 51' E, Lat, 49°
32' S,
Lion Mountain, a mountain in the colony of the
Cape of Good Hope, rising almost immediately
behind Cape Town.
Lions, t. France, in Eure, 15 n». E. Rouen. Pop.
1,850. Lions d' Angers, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire,
10 m. N. N, W. Angera. Pop, 1,800,
Lipari Islands, a group of 12 ialanda in the Tua
can aea, belonging to Sicily, and aituated between
the N, coast of that island and the Italian conti
nent. They extend from 13° Iff to 16° 39' E, lon,
and frora 38° 20' to 38° Sff N, lat. The whole
froup bears evident marks of a volcanic origin,
'our of the islands only are inhabited. The collec
tive population somewhat exceeds 20,000, Their
principal exports are alum, aulphur, nifre, and
other volcanic products, auch aa pumice atone,
with which they aupply a great part of Europe,
Lipari, the largest of the group, is 20 miles from
Melazzo, in SicUy, and 40 from Cape Vaticano,
on the ItaUan continent It has an extent of about
100 aquare milea. Pop, 15,000, It produces large
quantities of good wine, Lipari, the chief town
ef the island, is on a bay, ou the E, side,
Lipes, t, Peru, and cap, of a province of the
jame name, ia in lon, 68° 16' W, lat 21° 40' S,
lApezk, t Eu, Russia, on the Woronez, Its
chief estabUshment ia a foundry of cannon for the
navy, 90 m, W, Tambov, Lon, 39° 60' E, Lat
52° 50' N, Pop, 5,660.
Lipnitsa, t. Hungary, 47 m. W. N. W. Keamark,
Pop, 3,300.
lAppa, t. Hungary, 84 m. N. by E. Belgrade,
Lon, 21° 50' E, Lat, 46° 5' N, Pop, 2,500,
Lippe, T. Germany, which falla into the Rhine
above Wesel. Ordera were given (July, 1819),
to make it navigable by means of sluices, to Pa
derborn. ' Lippe-Detmold, principality, Germany, on the
left bank of the Weser, between the Pruasian
atatea and the kingdom of Hanover. Extent, 434
square railes. .Pop, 73,000, chiefly Calvinists,
Lippenhuicsen, v. Ilolland, in Friesland, 17 m,
S,E, Leeuwarden, Pop, 950,
Lippspring, t Prussian statea, 4 m, N, Pader
born, Pop, 80O,
JLippstadt, t. Prussian atates, on the Lippe, 38
m, S, E, Munater. Pop. 3,700.
Lipsk, t Ruasia, in Minsk, 28 m. W. S. W.
Sluck. Pop. 1,000.
lAptou, or lApto-Varmegye, a palatinate in the
N. of Hungary. The chief town is Szent-TVIiklos.
Pop. 64,000.
Lire, VieHle, and Nauvelle, two towns, France,
in Eure, 14 m. N. W. Vemeuil.
Liria, t. Spain, in Valencia, 20 m. N. N. W. Va
lencia. Pop. 9,000.
Lis^ r. A. Ruaaia, which falls into the Yenisei,
in lon, 90° 14' E, lat. 62° 20' N.

L I S

405

Lisbon, the capital of Portugal, ia on the N.
bank of the Tagua, which here expanda into a fine
body of wrater, 9 railea in breadth. The appear
ance of Liabon at a diatance, is extremely beauti
ful, pictureaque, and majeatic. But the interibr
of the city ill correaponda to ita external beauty.
Liabon lies along the river, in the form of a haU'-
moon, four milea in length, and frora a mile to a
mile and a half in breadth. It ia unfortified, and
open on all sides. It is divided into three parts,
caUed Alfama, Bairro Alto, and Melo ; it has alao
three suburbs, to which may be added Belem, a
pleasant town immediately adjoining Lisbon on
the west Belem enjoys in ita upper part a pure
air and delightful proapect. It haa iu consequence
long been the reaidence of the court, Lisbon
standa on three hills, the raoat weaterly of which
begins at a small river, flowing between the city
and Belem, The nuraber of public buildings in
Lisbon is very considerable, there being in all 40
parish churches, 99 chapels, 76 convents or mo
nasteries, and various hoapitals. There are alao
thirteen aquares, great and small. But of archi
tectural curioaitiea, the greatest is the aqueduct^
which, though uot half a mile in length, passes in
one part through a tunnel, in another acroaa a de
flle. It ia to the north of the city, and is partly of
Roman, partiy of Gothic architecture; the princi
pal arch is Gothic, of the width of 107 feet, and is
accounted one of the finest specimens ofthe kind
in Europe, It ia of such solidity, that at the great
earthquake it withstood the shock, though the key
stone sunk several inches.
The earthquake of November lat, 1766, the
most violent in modem times, desfroyed all the
public buildings, and 6,000 ofthe dwelling houses.
The loaa of Uvea was computed at raore than
30,000, Lisbon is the seat of the public ofiices
not only of the government, but of the church. It
ia well provided with hoapitals. The royal hos
pital, caUed St, Joseph, is an excellent institution.
The number of patients adraitted in a year
amounts frequently to 12,000 or 16,000, The
comraerce of Lisbon is very great, comprising aU
the colonial, and perhaps three-fourths of the for
eign trade of the kingdom'. The harbour is un
commonly capacious and safe. With Spain a great
deal of amuggling takes place in sugar, tobacco,
and spices. 313 m. W, by S, Madrid, 9 E, of the
mouth of the Tagus, Lon, 9° ff 25" W, Lat 38°
42'20"N. Pop, 230,000,
Lisbon, p-t Lincoln co. Maine, on the Andros
coggin, 23 m, W, Wiscasset, Pop. 1,614,
Lisbon, t. New-London co, Ct. on the Quine
baug, 7 ra. It Norwich, 46 S, E, Hartford, Pop.
1,128. Lisbon, p-t. St. Lawrence co. N. Y. on the riv
er St. Lawrence, 3 m. below Ogdensburg. Pop.
820. Lisbon, t Lincoln co. Geo. on Savannah river,
at the junction of Broad river.
Lisbon, t. Charapaign co- Ohio,
Lisbum, t. Ireland, in Antrim co. on the W.
bankof the Lagan, 7 ra. S. S. W. Belfast, 16 N. N.
W. Downpatrick.
Lisbum, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Lisbum, Cape, cape on the island of Spirittt
Santo, one ofthe New Hebridea. Lon. 166° 67' E.
Lat 15° 41' S.
Lisbume, Cape, cape on the N. W, coast of
America, Lat, 69° 5' N, . . . '
. Lisca Bianco, the sraallest of the Lipari islands,
10 m, N. E, Lipari,

406

L I S

L I T

Lisumka, tEu, Russia, in Kiev, 112 ra,S, Kiev,
Pop, 2,750,
lAsieux, t Franoe, in Calvados, on the Orbec
and the Gassey , It is 1 4 ra, from the English chan
nel, 30 E, Caen, and 1 16 W, N, W, Paria, Lon, 0°
14' E, Lat, 49° 9' N, Pop,;iO,200,
Liskeard, t Eng, in Cornwall, 17 m, S, W, Ta
viatock, 222 W, by S, London, Lon, 4° 27' W,
Lat 60° 27' N, Pop, 1,975,
Liskovo, t Eu. Rusaia, on the Wolga, 34 ra, E,
Niznei-Novgorod, Lisle, or Lilk, city, France, cap, ofthe depart
ment of the North, on the Deule, Lisle, like most
towns of Flanders, stands in a dead flat, the soil of
which is rich and productive. Lisle presents an
imposing appearance, from its extent, its fortifica
tions, its canals, its squares, and its public build
ings. Few cities of France ceui vie with it in the
straightnesa and width of its streets, the regularity
of its buildings, audita general air of neatness.
Lisle is a fortress of the first rank. Its citadel,
the chefd'asumre of Vauban, is the first in Europe
after that of Turin, It is a mile in circuit, and ia
situated to the N, W. ofthe town, from which it ia
separated by a apacioua esplanade and a canal. It
ia surrounded by a double moat. Though distant
from the sea, the trade of Lisle ia extensive. Its
manufactures conaiat of camlets, serges, aud other
woollen atuffa ; cotton, caUco, linen, ailk, velvet,
lace,icarpeta, soap, starch, tobacco, leather, glass,
and earUienware, 18 m. E. Tournay, 145 N, N,
E, Paris, Lon. 3° 4'E, Lat 60° 37' N, Pop. in
1817, 61,600.
Lisle, t France, in Vaucluse, 12 m. E. Avig
non. Lon, 6° E, Lat. 43° 55' N, Pop, 5,200.
Lisk, I, France, in Dordogne, 12 ra. N, W,
Perigueux, Pop, 1,250,
Disk, p-t, Broome co, N, Y, 15 ra. N, Bingham
ton, 120 from Albany, Pop, 2,167,
Lismore, one ofthe Hebrides or Weatern ial
ands, on the coast of Scotland, 10 railes long, and
frora 1 to 2 broad, in the raouth of Loch Lynhee,
nearly opposite the S, extreraity of Mull aound, 26
m. N, N. W, Inverary. Lon, 5° 35' W. Lat 56°
34' N, Pop, 1,323,
Lismore, t. Ireland, in Waterford co. on the S.
bankof the Blackwater. Ilia the see of a bishop,
26 m. N, E, Cork, 31 W, S, W. Waterford, Lon,
7° 67' W, Lat 52° ff N.
Lisonzo, T. Austrian Italy, in Friuli, which falls
into the gulf of Trieste.
Lissa, t- Pruasian Poland, near the borders of
SUesia, Of the 7,600 inhabitants, Uie half are
Jews, 44 m- S. S. W. Posen, 65 W. KaUsch, Lon.
16° SffE, Lat 51° SffN,
Lissa, isl, in the gulf of Venice, near the coast
of Auatrian Dalmatia, W. of Leesina, It is moun
tainoua and thinly peopled, but produces wine,
olives, almonds and figs. It has a good harbour
and an extenaive fishery, 56 ra, W, Ragusa, Lon,
17° E, Lat 42° SffN,
Lissa, t. Silesia, on tho Weistrilz, 7 m. W, N.
W, Brealau,
Lissabotta, t on the N, cofiat of Ceram, Lon,
128° 44' E, Lat, 2° 55' S.
Listau, or Lissa, t. Bohemia, near tho Elbe, 17
miles E. by N, Prague, Pop, 2,100,
Listvennischna, t. A. Rusaia, in Irkoutsk, 176 m.
E, N, E, Nertaehinsk,
Lisy, t France, in. Seine-and-Marne, 9 in, N, E.
Meaux, Pop, 1,200,
Liszka, t. Hungary, on the Bodrog, Lon, 21°
26' 17" Lat, 48° 14' 26" N,

Litchfield, p-t, Lincoln co. Maine, 26 m. N, W,
Wiscaaaet, 10 from HalloweU, Pop, 1848,
Litchfield, p-t, Hillaborough co. N. H. on the
Merriraack, 26 ra. S. Concord. Pop. 382.
Likhfield, co. Ct. bounded N. by Massachusetts,,
E. by Hartford co. S. by New-Haven and Fairfield
COS. and W. by New- York. Pop. 41,375.
Litchfield, p-t. and cap. of Litchfield co. Ct 30
m, W, Hartford; 38 N, N, W, New-Haven, Lon,
73° 15' W, Lat 41° 42' N. Fop. in 1810, 4,639.
It is an elevated township ; Mount Tom, near the
S, W. corner, is 700 feet above the river at its
base. Litchfield Great pond, the largest in the
state, ia a beautiful sheet of water, comprising an
area of about 900 acres. At its outlet, are nu
merous valuable miU-seats. There are in Litch
field 4 forges, 1 slitting mill, 1 nail manufactory, 18
saw mills, 6 fulling miUs, 6 large tanneries, be
sides several other manufacturing establishments.'
There are 8 houses of public worship ; 4 for Con
gregationaUsta, 3 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Bap
tists. In the society of South Farms, is Morris
academy, a flouriahing inatitution, eatablished in
1790. 'The Latin and Greek languagea are taught
at thia seminary, and particular attention is paid
to the morals ofthe students.
Litchfield village, incorporated in 1818, is
pleasantiy aituated along the summit ofa hiU, com
manding an extensive and delightful proapect It
containa a court-house, a jail, a bank, 2 meeting
houses, and 84 dwelling-houses. Here, also, is
a private school for young ladies, which main
tains a very distinguished reputation. The
Litchfield Law School was established in 1784, by
the Hon. Tapping Reeve, In 1798, the Hon. James
Gould waa aasociated as a joint instructor. This
has been justly considered as the most respectable
and systematic law school iu the United States,
The number of students educated aince its eatab-
lishraent ia raore than 600. •<»«
Litchfield, t. Herkimer co, N, Y. 10 raUes S, W-
Herkimer, 10 S. Utica, Pop. 2,533.
Litclifield, p-t, Grayaon co. Ken,
Lithuania, the former narae of an extensive
country, between Poland and Prussia, and now
forming the three Ruaaian governments of WUna,
Grodno, and Minak, It v/as divided into two
parta, called Samogitia and Lithuania proper.
Lithuania was annexed to Poland lowarda the end
ofthe 14th century.
Litis, p-t, in Warwick township, Lancaster co.
Pa, on a branch of Coneatoga creek, 8 m. N. Lan
caster, 66 W, by N, Philadelphia, It is settied bf
Moravians, and contains about 300 inhabitants, a
church and an acaderay.
Litry, t. France, in Calvadoa, 6 ra. S. W. Ba
yeux. Littttu. t. Moravia, 8 ra. N. N. E. Ohnutz, Lon,
16° 5ff E. Lat. 59° 2ff N. Pop, 2,200,
Lillennore, isl. near the W, coast of Ireland,
Lon. 9° 40' W, Lat. 53° 17' N.
Little beaver, r. which rises in Ohio, and joins
Ohio river in Pennsylvania.
Little beaver bridge, p-v. Colurabiana co. Ohio,
fjittle Cape Capon, p-v, Hampshire co. Va.
Little' Campion, p-t. Newport co. R. I. on the
coast, SO m. S. E. Providence. Pop. 1,553.
Little creek, t. Kent co. Del. Pop, 2,039,
Littk creek, t. Suasex co, Del, Pop, 3j840.
Littk foils, p-v. in Herkiraer, N, Y, -There is
a canal round Little falls in the Mohawlt, in this
place. Little Mackinaw, r. Ulinois, whi'-h now runs into

L I V
the E, aide of tUinois river, 15 m, bebw Fort
Clark. It is navigable 90 miles.
Little Missouri, I, Arkanaaw Territory, on Lit
tle Misaouri river, a S, branch ofthe Wachitta, '
Little Plymouth, p-v, King-and-Queen co, Va,
Littk Red, r. Arkansaw Territory, which faUa
into the W, aide of White river, 200 m, above ita
mouth. Here is a poat office.
Little rest, p-v. in South Kingaton, and cap, of
Washington co, R, I, It contains a court-house,
a bank, and a Congregational church,
Litte rivei; r. which rises in N. C, and runs into
the Pedee, It forms part of the boundary between
N, Carolina and S, CaroUna,
Littk river, i. Geo, which runs into the Savan
nah 30 ra, above Augusta,
Littk river, r. Geo. which runa into the Oconee
about 12 ra, above Milledgeville, .
LUUe river, r. Christian co. Ken, which runa
into the E. aide of the Cumberland,
Littk river, r. Indiana, which runa into the Wa
bash, above Vincennea,
Littk rock, village, Arkanaaw Territory, on Ar
kansaw river, about SOO milea above the post of
Arkansaw, The settlement was coraraenced in
1820, The land is elevated, and has good springa
of waler.
Little Sandy Salt-works, p-v. Greenup co. Ken.
Littkstown, t Adams co. Pa. Pop. 287.
Littleton, p-t. Grafton co. N. H. ou Connecticut
river. 75 ra. N. Concord. Pop, 876, Here ia a
bridge acroas the river to Concord,
' Littleton. See Waterford, Vt,
Littleton, p-t Middleaex co, Maas, 28 ra, W, N,
W, Boston, Pop. 773,
Littlelawn, p-t. Sussex co. Va,
-Li///e/o»'s/s/a7M/,smallisl,in the Florida sfreara.
Lon. 81° 40' W.. Lat. 24° 42' N.
Littorale, a disfrict of Dalraatia, on the N. coast,
including the towns of Trieste, Fiume, Buccari,
and Porto Re, with their dependencies. It now
forma a considerable part of the government of
Trieste, in the new kingdom of Illyria,
Livadia, province, Eu. Turkey, bounded by Al
bania and 'Thesaaly on the N. by the isthmus of
Corinth on the side ofthe Morea, and in other di
rections by the sea. It coraprises the most cele
brated and interesting portion of ancient Greece,
Livadia, t. Greece, cap. of the foregoing prov
ince, is E. of Mount Helicon, 15 m. from the gulf
of Lepanto, SO N, W, Athena, and 85 S, S, E,
Lariasa, Lon, 23° 20' E. Lat, 38° 30' N, Pop,
10,000, Livadaslro, s-p. Turkey, in Livadia, on the gulf
of Lepanto, SO m. W. N. W. Athens.
Livarot, t. France, in Calvados, 9 ra, S, S. W,
Lisieux. Pop, 1,200.
Livaudiere, aeigniory, Hartford co. Lower Can
ada, 12 ra. S. E. Quebec,
Liubim, t. Russia, 40 m, N, E, Jaroalavl, Lon.
40° 5ff E, L.-it 68° 55' N. Pop, 1,500,
Livenztt, r. Austriau Italy, which flows into tiie
gulfof Venice,
Livirdun, t France, in Meurthe, on the Moaelle,
Pop, 1,000,
Lixermore, p-t, Oxford co, Maine, on the An
droscoggin, 18 m, N, E, Paris, 78 from Portland,
P6p, 1,560.
Liverpool, s-p. Eng. in Lancashire, the princi
pal comniercial town in the British dominions ex
cept London, is aituated near the mouth of the
Meraey, which opena to it a ready acceas from the
western aea, while a great system of canal navi-

L I V

40t

gation affords an inland comraunication with all
parts of England. The Meraey affords an excel
lent anchorage for any nuraber of vesaels of any
burden. Tllte town extends along the E. bank of
the river about three miles, and, at an average,
about a mile inland. On the W. side of it, lie the
docka, which, with the wharfs, ware-houses, &c.
extend in an imraense range along the bank of the
river. On the other side, the town ia prolonged
into numerous suburbs, consisting of vUlaa and
country housea. The houses are built of brick,
and covered with slate. The streets are raostly
spacious and airy, aome of them elegant, and the
greater part lighted with gas from coal.
The buildings are in a style of costly elegance ,
and splendour, suitable to Uie taste and opulence
of its inhabitants. The principal of these are the
town-hall, exchange buildinga, com exchange,
lyceum, athenseum, Wellington-rooms, infirmary,
work-house, blue-coal school, dispensary, and asy
lum fbr the blind. There are at present twenty
churchea belonging to the eatabUshment; a greater
number of chapela belonging to various denorai
nations of disseutera; with 4 Roman Catholic
chapels, a meeting-house for quakers, and a Jews'
aynagogue. The charitable inatitutions are nu
raerous and well conducted. Among the Uterary
establishments are the royal Liverpool institution,
opened in 1817, The funds were raised by a sub
scription of 30,000/, in 100/. shares. The Botanic
garden was estabUshed in 1801, by public sub
scription, at an expense of about 10,000/, The
exchange buildings were erected in 1803, at an
expense of upwards 100,000/. They are, perhaps,
the most splendid structure ever raised in modern
times for purposes purely commercial.
The fortunate situation in which Liverpool is
placed, has given to its commercial career an im-'
pulse unknown to any other city in the old world.
The most important branch of commerce ia the
trade with Ireland, whence iaannually imported
frora 2,300 lo 2,500 cargoea of proviaiona, grain,
&c, for the aupply of Liverpool and ita shipping,
Mancheater, and other populoua placea in the
neighbourhood ; and, in return, are trans-shipped
aalt, coala, earthen ware, &c, 'The aecond branch
of coramerce ia with the U, S. of -America, Of
this coramerce, cotton forms the chief article,
which may be termed the ataple trade of Liver
pool, In this branch, Liverpool far excels all other
ports in the kingdora. The araount of cotton
iraported, in 1818, into Liverpool, was 423,120
bales ;— London, 186,700;— Glaagoiy, 48,000;-—
other ports, 6,700. The trade of Liverpool to
other parta ofihe globe is very great, and rapidly
increaaing ; and the opening of the out-porta to the
East India trade will probably be an iraportant era
in her coraraercial hiatory.
The raoat remarkable feature in the port of
Liverpool, and for which it ia diatinguiahed from
all other ports iu Great Britain, ia the convenience
it preaenta in the conatruction and arrangements
of the docks. The whole area covered by the va
rious docka and baaina, when complete, will be 77
acres. The number of vessels which paid dock
duties in 1813 was 6341, measuring 547,426 tons;
and the amount of dutiea paid was 50,177/. In
1819 the nuraberof vessels had increased to 7,849,
measuring 867,318 tons, and paying 110,127/.
The manufactures of Liverpool are chiefly those
connected with shipping, or the conauraption of
the inhabitanta.
The city aends two members to parliament.

408

L I Z

; fhe population has regularly and rapidly in-
creaiaed for raore than a century. In 1700 it waa
only 6,000; in 1760, 26,000; in 1790, 56,000; in
1801, 77,653; in 1811, 94,376, exoMve of 7000
sailors, and the inhabitan^in villages nearly con
nected with the town; making, in the whole,
probably 120,000,
The town and ahipping are auppUed -with ex
ceUent water, from apringa in the vicinity, through
iron pipes, laid through aU the streets. It ia 17 m,
N, Chester, 37 W, Mancheater, 60 g, Lancaater,
103-N, by W, Birraingham, 206 N, W, London,
Lon, 2° 59'. W, Lat 63° 2ff N,
Liverpool, t Queen's co. Nova Scotia, on the
bay of Fundy, 32 m, N, E, Shelburne, 58 N, W,
Halifax, Liverpool, p-v. in Salina, Onondaga co, N, Y,
on the E, Shore of Onondaga lake, S ra, from the
vfllage of Salraa,
Liverpool, p-l, Cumberland co. Pa,
Liverpool, p-t, Medina co, Ohio, on Rocky riv
er, 15 m, from ita entrance into Lake Erie, and 15
from Cleveland, Here are salt works,
Liversedge. t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 64 m, N, N, E,
puddersfield. Pop, 3,643,
* Livesly, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 24 m, S. S. W,
Blackburn, Pop, 1,126,
Livingston, v, Scotland, iu Linlithgow, 14 m,
>V, Edinburgh,
Livingston, p-t, Colurabia co, N, Y, on the Hud
son, 10 m, below Hudson, 40 below Albany, Pop,
1,65L Livingston, co. Ken, on the Ohio, Pop, 3,474,
.Slaves, 718, Chieftown, Sraithland,
^ Liifingston, t, Pickaway co, Ohio, 3 ra, S, E,
CircleviUe, Livingston's creek, r. N, C, which runs into the
'VV, side of the N, W, branch of Cape Fear river,
Livni, t Eu, Russia, in Orel, 95 ra. E, Orel,
Lon. 38° 22' E, Lat 52° SffN, Pop, 5,600.
Livonia, a maritime province in the N. W, of
Eu, Russia, bounded by Esthonia on theN. and by
Courland on the S. Area, 21,000 sq, milea. Pop,
only 600,000- It consists of a vaat tract of level
country, interaperaed with numeroua marshes, and
several hundred lakes. The export of corn is con
siderable. The lower ranks in Livonia live in a
state of great degradation. Edicts have lately
been issued to lessen their vassalage,
Livonia, p-t Ontario co, N- Y. 20 m, S, W, Ca
nandaigua, Pop. 1,187.
Livorno, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 4 m, N, Cres
centino, Pop, 3,600,
Livron, t. France, in Drome, 10 S, Valence,
Pop, 2,100,
Ljusna, r, Sweden, which falla into the gulf of
Bothnia, 8 ra, S, Soderharara.
Liustemo, isl. Sweden, in the Baltic. Lon. 18°
30' E. • Lat. 59° Sff N.
Liutsin, t. Eu. Ruasia, in Vitepak, 72 ra, N, N,
W, Polotak.
Lixin, or Lixheim, t. France, in Meurthe, 9 m,
W, Saverne, Pop, 1,000,
Lixuriyt. Cefalonia, 12 m, W, Cefalonia, Pop,
6,000, Lizard Island, one of the Direction islands,
about 240 milea in circumference, 20 ra, N, E,
Cape Flattery,
luisard Point, the S, promontory of England,
282 ra, S, W, London, Lon, 6° 11' 17'' W, Lat
49° 67' 55" N,
Lisaut, t. France, in Vienne, near the Charente,
28 m, S, Poitier?. Pop, 1,500,

LOA
Llanbaiarn Fawr, t Walga, in Cardigan, on
the Rheidal, 203 m, N.W, London, Pojp,.5,258. .¦
Llonbeder, or LUmpeter, Walea, ^7 m, E, Car
digan, Lon, 4° 4' W, Lat 62° ff N, Pop, 692.
Llanberis, v, Wales, iu CaemarvonshiFe, 10 m.
E. Caernarvon.
Llandeilo, Fawr, t. Walea, 13 m. E. Caermar
then. Lon.3°5ffW. Lat 51° SffN. Pop. 776.
Llandovery, t Wales, in Caermarthen co. 20 m.
W. by N. Brecon, Lon. S" 44' W, Lat. 62° N.
Pop. 1,442.
Llandrindad, v. Wales, in Radnor co, noted for
its mineral springs, ' 7 m, N, Builth,
Llanelly, t. Wales, in Caermarthen co, on the
sea-coast, at the mouth ofthe Bury, , 16 m, S, E.
Caermarthen. Lon. 4° ff W. Lat 51° 41' N.
Pop. 3,891.
Llanerchyme4d, t Wales, in the island of An
glesey, 1 1 m. E. Holyhead. Lon. 1°21'W. Lat
53° 2ff N.
Llanes, harbor, on tbe north coast of Spain, is
Burgea, 6 ra. W. St. Vincent'a.
Llanfair, t. Wales, in Montgomery co. 14 m, N.
Newton. Lon. 3° 2ff W. Lat 52° Sff N. Pop.
1,866. Llanfyllin, t Wales, iu Montgomery co. 24 m,
W. Shrewsbury. Lon. 3° IffW. Lat 63° ^'N.
Pop. 1,508.
Llangaddack, t Wales, in Caermartheushfre, 22
m. from Brecon, Pop, 1,964.
Llangollen, t Wales, in Denbigh co. 12 m. N.
W. Oswestry, Lon, 3° ff VV. Lat 524° 2ff N.
Pop. 1,400.
Llangyndiem, t. Wales, in Caermarthenslure,
226 ra. W. by N. London. Pop. 2,112.
Llanidloes, t. Wales, in Denbighshire, on the
Severn, 13 ra. S. W. of Newton. Lon. 3° 31' W.
Laf. 52° 27' N. Pop. 2,386.
Llanrwst, t. Wales, in Denbigbshfre, on the
Conway, 12 ra. S. of .Abercon-way. tion. 3° 47' W.
Lat 53° 47' N. Pop. 2,502.
Llanstephan Paint, cape on the S. coast of
Wales, in the Bristol channel, at the mouth of tbe
river Towy. Lon. 4° 25' W. Lat 61° 4ff N.
Llantrissent, t. Wales, in Glamorgan co. 1 1 m.
N. W. Cardiff. Lou. 3° 30' W. Lat 51° S3' N.
Pop. 2,129.
LlanHUing, t Wales, Montgomeryshire, 15 m.
fr. Montgomery. Pop. 1,508.
Llanymynech, v. Wales, in Merionethshire, 94
m. fr. Welch Pool.
Llerena, t, Spaniali Estremadura, 63 m. N. Se
viUe, Lon, 5°5ffW, Lut38°7'N, Pop, 7,300,
Llivia, t, Spain, in Catalonia, 6 ra. N. E. Puy
cerda, ,
Llobregat, two considerable rivera of Spain, in
Catalonia, which faU into the Mediterranean, the
one near Barcelona, and tfae other near Roaas,
Lloyd's, p-v. Essex co, Va,
Lloyd's Lake, bay on the S, coast of Florida,
Lon, 80° 6ff W, Lat, 26° 18' N,
Lluch Mayor, t, Majorca, 16 m, E, S, E. Palma,
Pop, 6,250,
Llulia and Chiloas, a diatrict of Peru', to fhe
east of Cliachapoyas, The capital, Mayobamba,
is 300 m, N, of Liraa. in lon, 76° Sff W, lat 7° S,.
Llgwor, or Lychwr, borough, Wales, in Gla
morganshire, 212 ra. W. Londou. Pop. 764.
Loa, port, Peru, in lat 21° SO' S.
Loarido, or Loanda St. Paul's, the capitalof the
Portuguese setUements on the coast of Angola, in
Africa, It is neither walled nor fortified, Lon.
13° .22' E. Lat, 8° 55' S,

LOG

L O F

409

ZiOando, isl, Africa, oppoaite the city of Loando,
SO milea longand one broad, Lat, 8° SO' S,
Loango, country, W, Africa, N, of the river
Zaire or Congo, Its limits are somewhat vague.
In the widest extent, it sfretches from Cape St,
Catharine to the Zaire, a coaat of upwards of 400
mfles. The climate is aaid to be very fine. It is
never subject to hurricanes, nor even to violent
winds. The sofl is iu general very fertile. The
lakes and rivera abound with fiah, and the forests
with game. The^e gifts of nature are very little
improved by an mdolent people. The inhabit
anta are not auppoaed by Degrandpre to exceed
600,000, The government is despotic, and the
dignity is transmitted only in the female Une,
The object for which, almost exclusively, Euro
peans have resorted to thia coaat, ia the trade in
slaves. Loango, city af, capital ofthe kingdom of Loan-
go. The land in the vicinity ia extremely fertile,
and the water excellent. The entrance of the
bay of Loango is attended with danger, in conae
quence of a bank of rocks sfretching half way
across it. According lo captain Tuckey's obaer-
vations, it is in lon, 12° SC E, lat 4° 40' N. Pop.
about 15,000.
Laano, or Lovono, t. Sardinian states, on the
gulf of Genoa, 36 m. S, W. Genoa, Pop. 3, 500.
Lobau, or Liebe, t. Saixony, 13 m. S, E. Baut
zen, Pop. 2,400.
Lobau, isl. in the Danube, a few miles below
yienna, Lobau, t Weat Pruasia, 44 ra, E. Culm. Pop.
1,300. Lobedo, t Saxe-Weimar, on the Saale, 3 m, S.
Jena. Pop. 1,000.
Lobegun, t. Prusaian Saxony, 29 ra. N. by W.
Leipaic. Pop. 1,800.
Lobenstein, t Germany, 26 m, N. Bayreuth.
Pop. 2,700.
Lobniis, V. Prusaian Saxony, 20 m. N, by E,
Leipsic, Lobos, one of the Canary ialanda, near the N,
-point of Forteventura, Lon, 13° 40' W, Lat 28°
SffN. Lobos, small isl. S, America, at the mouth of the
La Plata river, 15 ra. S.W. Cape St Maria. Lon.
64° 35' W. Lat 35° 1' S.
Lobos, islanda near the coast of Peru, Lat. 6°
26' S, They are also called Sea Wolves, or SeaU
Islands. Lobos Key, or Seal Key, amall ial. among the
Bahamaa, Lon, 77° 44' W, Lat 22° 45' N,
Labsens, or Lobsenico, t, Weat Prussia, 67 m,
W, N. W, Thorn. Pop, 2,000.
Lobur^, t, Prussian Saxony, 22 m, E, Magde
burg, Pop, 1,600,
Locona, t. Piedmont, 23 ra, N. W. Turin. Pop.
6,000. Locarno, one of the Italian baiUwics, ceded to
Switzerland by the duke of Milan in 1512, onthe
N. W. coast of Lake Maggiore, Pop, nearly
20,000, Locarno, cap. of the Swias canton of the Ticino,
•ituated near Lake Maggiore, 23 ra. S. W. Chia
venna. Lon. 8° Sff E. Lat. 46° 39' N. Pop.
1,500. Laehaber, a district of Scotland, in Inverneas-
ahire. It ia one of the most dreary, mountainous,
and barren districts in Scotland.
Laehaber, t York co. Lower Canada, on Otta-
yia river,
Lochar Water, r. Scotland, in Dumfries-ahire,
£2

which faUa into the Solway frith, near Black-
ahawa, Lochem, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, on the
Borkel, 10 m, E, Zutphen, Pop, 1,400,
Loches, t. France,, in Indre-and-Loire, 21 m.
S. S, W, Toura, Lon. 0° 34" E, Lat, 47° 7' N.
Pop, 4,500.
Z,ocAma6en, royal burgh, Scotland, in Dymfriea-
ahire 84 m. N. E, Dumfries,
Lochrusbeg, bay on'the W, coast of Ireland.
Lon. 8° 2ff W. Lat 64° 4ff N.
Lochia, t Sweden, on the gulf of Bothnia, 29
m. S. Tornea. Lon. 24° Iff E. Lat, 64° 2ff N.
Lochvitsa, t. Eu. Russia, in Poltava, 112 m. S.
E. Czernigov. Pop. 4,500.
Lochwinnoch, v. Scotland, in Renfrewahire, 4
ra. E. Kilbirnie.
Lachy, r. Scotiand, in Perthahire, which falb
into the W. end of Loch Tay.
Lochy, r. Scotland, in Inverneas-ahire, which
falla into the sea near Fort 'tVilliara.
Lockortsburg. See Athens, Pa.
Lockem, v. Hanover, 9 m. N. W. Hanover.
Pop. 1,100.
Lockeniis, t. Pruasia, in Brandenburg, 16 m. N.
Prentzlow. Lockerbie, t Scotland, in Dumfriea-shire, 12 m.
N. E. Dumfries. Pop. 900.
Locke, p-t- Cayuga co. N. Y. 23 m. S. E. Au*
burn. Pop. 2,388. The S. part of the township
now constitutes the town of Division.
Lockwood, t. Eng. iu Yorkshire, 2 ra. S. W. Hud»
dersfield. Pop. 1,449.
Lockwood, p-v. Sussex co. N. J.
Lock, t. Sw'iss canton of Neufchatel, 8 m. N,
W. Neufchatel. Pop. 800.
Lacmine, t. France, in Morbihan, 10 m. S. Pon
tivy. Pop. 1,800.
Lodden, r. Eng, which falls into the Thames
near Twyford.
Lodebor Academy. See Sumterville.
Lodeve, t. France, in Herault, on the Lergues.
It haa manufactures of cloths, ailk stuffs and hats,
29 ra. W. MontpeUer. Lon. S° 19' E, Lat, 43°
4ff N, Pop. 8,000.
Lodi, province of Austrian Italy, in the govem
ment of Milan, Extent, 390 square miles. Pop.
141,000. Lodi, t. Austrian Italy, cap, of the above prov
ince, on the Adda, One of the most daring ex
ploits of Bonaparte's military career, waa per-
forraed here in 1796, by forcing with the bayonet
the paaaage of the bridge oyer the Adda, though
defended by 10,000 Austrians, 1 6 ra. N, E. Pavia.
17 S. E. Mifen. Lon, 9° SO, E, Lat 45° Iff N.
Pop, 12,500,
Lodi Vecchia, (an. Lous Pompeii,) v. Austrian
Italy, 3 ra. from Lodi.
Lodo, Cape, or Mad cape, on the coast of Louiai
ana, at the mouth of the Misaisaippi. Lon. 71° 42"
W. Lat 29° IffN.
Lodomeria. See Galicia.
Loeches, v, Spain, 20 m. E. Madrid.
Loevestein, or Lowenstein, fort, Netherlands, in
Guelderland, at the W, point of the island of
Bommelwaert, 18 m. E. S. E. Rotterdam.
Loffingen, I. Baden, 3 m. W. S, W, Huiffingen,
Pop. 850.
Lofoden, group of islands on the coast of Nor
way, between 67° Sff and 68° 4ff N. lat. They
consist of 5 large, and several smaller islands.
Pop. 3000 to 4000. The annual value ofthe fish
caught here is estioated at 12,000/,

410

L O I

Lef sta, or Hammerwerke, t. Sweden, in Upland,
40 m, N, Upaal, <
Loftus' Jieights, p-v. Wilkinaon co, Mississippi,
ou the Mississippi, 38 ra, by land, above Natchez,
51 by the river.
Lofty Mount, hiU on the S, coast of New Hol
land. Lon, 138° 42' E. Lat 34° 5ff S.
Logan, CO. in the S.W, part of Ken. Pop. 12, 123,
Slaves, 2,486, Chieftown, RusselvUle.
Lagan, co, Ohio, Chief town, Belville,
Logan, p-t. and cap. Hocking co, Ohio, on the
Hockocking, 18 m. S. E, Lancaster,
Logan, 'Wayne co. Missouri.
Log-city, p-v. Madison co, N, Y,
Loggerhead Key, El Contoy, small isl. in the
bay of Honduras, near the co-Ast of Yucatan, Lon,
87° 4ff W, Lat. 21° 2ff N.
Log-house landing, p-v. Hyde co. N. C.
Lagnina, Cape, promontory on the S. coast of
Sicily, Lon. 15° 12' E. Lat 36° SffN.
Lograno, t. Spain, in Burgos, on the Ebro, 27
m, N, W, Calahorra, Lon, 2° 24' E, Lat 42°
2ff N, Pop, 7,000,
Logrono, t. ChUi, Lon. 71° Iff W, Lat, 33°
Sff -3.
Logwood Lagoon, bay on the N. E, coast of Yu
catan. Lon. 88° 2ff W. Lat, 20° 57' N,
Lohaghur, the Iron Fort, a celebrated fortreas
of Hindostan, in Dowletabad, 20 m. N.W, Poena.
It has lately been taken by the British.
Lohaghur, fort, Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon.
81° 10' E. Lat. 20° 2ff N.
Loheia, city of Yemen, in Arabia, on the coast
of the Red Sea, al the bottom of a deep bay. The
harbour is shallow. A considerable trade ia car
ried on in coffee. Lon. 42° 44' E. Lat. 15° 44' N.
Lohnhut, t. Netherlands, 16 ra, N. N. E. Ant
werp. Fop. 1,600.
Lahr, t. Bavarian slates, on the Maine, 35 ra,
E. S, E. Frankfort Pop. 3,000.
Lohurdungtt, t Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85" 2'
E. Lat2S''2ffN.
Loing, r. France, which falls intothe Seine be
tween Melun and Montereau.
Loir and Cher, a department in the central part
of France. Extent, 2,600 sq, raUes. Pop. 212,000,
Blois is the capit'*!.
Loir, Le, r. France, which falla into the Sarthe,
Ita course ia upwanls of 100 mflea, and il ia navi
gable 60 miles.
Loire, La, i. the longest in France, risea in the
S. E. ofthe kingdom, among the mountains ofthe
Cevennes, department of the Ardeche, and, after
flowing raore than 500 miles, falls into the Allan-
tic, about 40 m. below Nantes. Il becomes navi
gable at Roanne, 40 m. N.W, of Lyons. It commu
nicatea with the Seine by the canal of Orleans,
and with the Rhone, through a canal which joins
it with the Saone, thus forming a waler communi
cation between the Atlantic and Mediterranean,
through the very heart of the kingdom. The
principal towns which it passes in its course are
Orleans, Blois, Tours, Saumur, and Nantes.
Loire, department, France, situated in the lati
tude of Lyons, and adjoining tho departments of
the Rhone and the laere. Extent, 2,000 sq. railea.
Pop. 316,000, Montbrison is the capital.
Loire, Haule, or Upper, department in the S. E.
of France, adjoining the departments of the Puy
de Dome, Uie Ardeche, and the Lozere. Extent,
1,870 square railea, Pop,268,000, Le Puy iathe
capital. Loire, Inferieure or Lower, department in the

L O M
W, of France, bounded by the Atlantic and tfae
departraents of the lUe-and- Vilaine, Maine-and-
Loire, Vendee, and Morbihan, Extent, nearly
3,000 aquare mfles. Pop, 408,000, Nantes ia the
capital, Loire, t. France, dep, of the Rhone, 9 m, N,
Condrieux, Pop, 1,500.
Loiret, department in the central part of France,
bounded by the departments ofthe Seine-and-Oise,
the Seine-and-Marne, the Yonne, the Cher, the
Lofr-and-Cher, and the Eure-and-Loir, Extent,
2,700 square mfles. Pop. 686,000. Orleans is
the capital. •
Loiret, r, France, which falls into the Loire at
St, Menin.
Loiron, t France, in Mayenne, 12 m, N. Cra
onne. Pop. 1,600.
Loitz, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 24 ra. S, Stral
sund, Lon. 13° ff E, Lat. 63° 5ff N, Pop.
1,400. Lokeren, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders, on
the Durme, which coraraunicates with the Scheldt
by a canal. It carriea on a brisk trade in com,
flax, hemp, and Unen. Its manufacturea consist
of woollens, printed cotton, lace, and hats. It has
likewiae extenaive tobacco works, and oil mills,
12 m, N. E. Ghent. Pop. 12,800.
Lakman, v. Irak Arabi, on the Tigris, 16 m. N,
Bagdad, Lolldong, celebrated pass, Hind, between Del
hi and Serinagur, Lon, 78° 16' E. Lat 29° 52 i\,
Loma, Punta de la, on the N, W, coast of Amer
ica, the S, W. cape of the entrance into port St
Diego, in New Albion, Lat 33° 28' N,
Lombardo-Venetian Kingdom, the name given,
since the congress of Vienna in 1815, lothe whole
of Austrian Italy, See Italy, Italy Austrian, Mi
lan, and Venice.
Lombardy, country of Northern or Upper Italy,
The narae, though properly applicable only to the
the Vale of the Po, is commonly given to the
whole tract of counfry lying between the Alps and
the Appenninea, or, to apeak with more precision,
between the fronliera ot Switzerland and Tuscany,
It is about 250 miles in length, and 150 at its great
est breadth. It corresponds in a great measure to
the Gallia Cisalpina of the Roraans, 'and derived
its present names from the Lombards, a people who
conquered it in the sixth century, aud retained it
under the form of a kingdom till the eighth. It
comprehends the Milanese, along with a portion
of the Sardinian territory, Parma, Modena, the
Papal legations, and a conaiderable part of the
Austro-Italian government of Venice,
Lombes, t. France, in Gers, on the Save, 22 m.
S, by E- Mirande, Pop. 1,600.
Lombkm Isle, one of the Sunda islanda, between
8° and 9° S. lat,
Lombock, isl, in the Eastem seas, about 53 miles
long and 45 broad. It is separated from the island
of Bally, by the straits of Lombock, and from Sum
bawa by the straits of AUas, Lon, 115° 43' E.
Lat, 8° 4ff S.
Lommatscli, t Saxony, 33 m, N, W, Dresden,
Pop, 1,300,
Lommersum, t Prussian province of Cleves-
and-Berg, 9 m, W, N, W, Bonn, Pop, 1 , 100,
Lomnilz, t. Moravia, 15 ra, N, N, W, Brunn.
Pop, 1,100,
-Lomond, Loch, a beautiful lake, Scotland, in
Dumbartonshire, about 30 railes long, and in some
places 8 or 9 miles broad, reraarkable for the
grand and pictureaque scenery on its shores.

LON

LON

411

Lomza, t Poland, 79 m, N, E, Warsaw, Lon,
22° 40' E, Lat 63° N, Pop, 1,200,
Lona, small r. Italy, in the statea of Lucca,
which flows into the gulfof Genoa,
Londerzeele, t. Netherlanda, in South Brabant,
near Bruaaels, Pop, 3,200,
London, the capital of England, and metropolis
of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ire
land, comprises iu ita widest sense the ancient
city of that name, the city of Westminster, the bo
rough of Southwark, and their respective suburbs.
These form one vast metropoUs, which is certainly
the largest and most wealthy, and perhapa the
most populous in the world. The cathedral
church of St. Paul, which is nearly in the centre
ofthe city, is in lat. 61° 31' N, and lon. 0° 5' 37'
W. The cities of London and Westminster are
in the county of Middlesex, on the N. bank of the
Thames ; and the borough of Southwark ia on the
S, bank, in the county of Surry, The greatest
extent of London is from W. to E. nearly 7 miles.
The cfrcumference is about 30 milea. The inclu
ded area is 11,520 square acres. London raay be
considered aa divided into five separate districts.
1st, The City of London, where the commerce
and most of the trade ofthe raetropolia is conduct
ed ; which accordingly consists chiefly of shops,
warehouses, wharfs, pubUc ofiices, and counting-
houses. 2dly, Westminster, which contains the
royal palaces, the housea of lords and commons, the
courts of law, and government offices. Sdly, The
West end of the town. This is the best and raost
fashionable part ofthe town. 4thly, 7%e East end
ofthe town, which is devoted to commerce, to ship
building, and the various trades connected with
shipping. Here are alao the London, Weat India,
and East India docka, Sthly, Southwark, and the
places contiguous, which are also devoted to com
raerce and ship-building ; and distinguished by a
vast number of manufactories, iron-foundries,
glass-houses, &c.
The main streets of London run parallel with
the Tharaea frora E, lo W, and the cross streets
run raostly from N. to S. The atreeta near the
Thamea, and raost of the cross streets in the city,
are very narrow. All the streets are well paved
with granite stones, set end waya for the car-
riagea ; and on the aides with flag-stones, for fool
passengers. Underneath the pavements are large
vaulted sewers, which communicate with each
house by drains, with each other by proper open
ings, and -with the surface of the streets by grat
ings, so as to carry off all the filth and waste water
into the river Tharaes, The subterranean worka
of London, consisting of aewera, drains, water
pipes, and gas pipes, are most extensive and curi
ous. The city cont-ains about 8,000 streets, lanes,
alleys, courts, kc. ; 60 squares, and 160,000 hou
ses, ware-houses, and other buildings. These are
mostiy built of brick, of a pale colour.
The principal public buildinga inthe city, andin
the eastern part of thetown, are the tower ; the new
mint ; the trinity-house ; the bank ; the mansion-
house ; the royal exchange ; the East India house ;
the auction mart ; the commercial mart; tile London
institution ; the custom-house ; the excise-oflice ;
guildhall ; the bridges of London, Southwark, and
Blacltfriara ; the monument ; the post-oflice ; New
gate; Giltspur-atreet compter ; Whitecross-street
prison ; St.Luke's hospital; the churches of St.Paul,
St. Stephen's, Walbrook, St Mary-le-bone, and St
Bride's, Fleet-street The to'wer ia chiefly used
as a atate prison and depository for arms, records,

and property belonging to the crown. The ca
thedral church of St Paul holds the most diatin
guished rank among the modem worka of archi
tecture in the Britiah empire. II waa commenced
in 1676 and finished in 1710, by one architect, sir
Christopher Wren, at an expence of 747,954/. 'The
principal public buildinga west of the city, exclu
aive ofthe royal palacea and housea of the nobility,
are Wesbninster abbey ; Westminster hall ; Som-
eraet-houae ; the king's theatre, or opera-house ;
the theatres of Covenl-garden, Drury-lane, the
Hay-market, the English opera-house, and the
British museum.
But the raost interesting architectural objects in
London are its bridgea. London bridge however,
ia a clumsy structure. The narrowness of its arch
es obstructs and endangers the navigation, while
their unequal sizes ofl'end the eye. This bridge is ,
in fact, like a thick wall, pierced with small une
qual holes, through which the current rushes with
great velocity. The fall al about half ebb tide, is
very great, and the passage dangerous for boats
and barges. This bridge is 915 feet long, and 45
broad. It has been calculated that there paas dai
ly over London bridge, 89,640 foot passengera, 769
waggons, 2,924 carts and drays, 1,240 coaches,
485 gigs and taxed carts, and 764 saddle horses.
Westminster bridge cost 400,000/. and Blackfriar,
150,840/. The Strand, or Waterloo bridge, is one
of the noblest structures of the kind in the world.
It was begun in 1811, and opened in 1817, onthe
anniversary ofthe battle of Waterloo. It consists
of nine equal arches, each of 120 feet apan. It is
built of granite, under the direction of John Ren
nie, Eaq. and cost the aubacribers upwards of
1,000,000/. The Southwark bridge, opened in
May 1819, waa built by private aubscription, un
der the direction of Mr. Rennie. It conaists of
three arches, of which the centre is 240 feet span,
and each of the aide ones 210 feet The arches
are of iron, springing from atone piera and abut
ments. The Vauxhall bridge contains nine arches
of 78 feet span each.
The following table shews the increase of the
population of London from 1700 to 1811. In thia
calculation, one twenty-fifth part is added for oc
casional visitants, sailors, &:c.
London with
in the walls,
Without the
walls,
Westminster,
Out parish^;
within the
bills of mor
tality.
Parishes not
within the
bills of mor
tality. Total,
The annual mortality has greatly diminished
since 1700, when it was 1 in 25 ; it is now about 1
in 38.
It is calculated that London contains 122 church
es of the established religion, 120 chapels of ease,
in parishes where the population is too great for
their respective churches ; 30 churches and chap
els belonging to foreign Christiana; six ayna-
gogues of the Jews ; and about 200 meeting-houses
of the different denominations of dissenters and

1700.
139,300

1750.
87,000

1801.

1811.

78,000

57,700

69,000
130,000

57,300
152,000

56,300
165,000

68,000
168,000

326,900

357,600

477,700

593,700

9,150
674,350

22,350
676,230

123,000
900,000

162,000

1,050,000

412

LON

Roman Catholics. — The public charities of Lon
dou, (excluaive of parochial eslabUshments,)
chiefly consist of 22 hospitals for the sick, hurt, lu-
natick, and pregnant ; 41 free achools, with per
petual endowments, for the maintenance and edu
cation of 3,500 poor children ; 13 asylums of ref
uge for destitute foreigners, repentant prostitutes,
juvenile delinquents, and the children of crimi
nals ; 107 alms-houses, 20 dispensaries for afford
ing to the poor, medicines and' advice gratuitously.
The average amount of the poor's rate during the
three yeara, from 1813 lo 1815, was more than
530,000/. and the number of poor relieved waa
117,316 annually. The whole amount annually
expended in the mefropolia, in aupport of charita
ble inatitutions, including the poor's rate, ia esti
mated at one raillion aterling.
The commerce of London haa increased wonder
fully within a century. In 1701, there were 560
vessels belonging to this port, carrying 84,882 tona,
and 10,066 men ; in 1732, 1,417 vessels, carrying
178,557 tons, and 21,797 men. The ofiieial value of
the importa in 1800 was 18,843,172/, 2», lOd., and '
of the exporta, 25,428,922/. 16!. Id. Their real
value was 68,000,000/, nearly two thirds of the
whole trade of the kingdora. The total amount of
the imports and exports of London, is now about
70,000,000/, annually. The vesaels belongpg to the
port now amount on an average to 3,000, carrying
600,000 tons,and45,000 men. About one-sixth of the
tOnnage,and one-fourth ofthe men, are employed in
the East India trade, and about one sixth ofthe ton
nage, and about one third of the men, in the Weat
India trade. The manufactures of Londou conaiat
chiefly of silk, cutlery, jewelry, watches, japan-
ware, cut glass, books, cabinet work, carriages,
and other fine gooda and articlea of elegant
uae. The manufactures of silk in Spitalfields, and
of watchea in ClerkenweU, uaually employ about
7000 people each. In general the London manu
facturea are esteemed the moat excellent of their
respective kinds, and produce higher prices than
those of any other place.
The following are among the calamities record
ed in the history of London, la 664, the city was
ravaged by the plague. In 764, 798, SOl', and
1077, il suffered severely by fires. In 1090, a tre-
riendous hurricane overthrew 600 houses. In
1258, 20,000 persons died of hunger. In 1348, a
terrible pestilence commenced, which lasted seve
ral years, and destroyed about 100,000 inhabi
tants. In 1407 the plague carried off 30,000 ; in
1500, 30,000, and in 1603, a greater number. In
1665, the great plague carried off 68,850 persons,
according lo the bills returned, but the real num
ber was much greater. The next year a fire broke
out which destroyed 13,200 dwelling houses, and
the loss was estimated at more than 10,000,000/.
sterling. In 1739, 1740, h-appened one of the most
intense frosts ever known in England.
London, New, See New-London.
London, district, Up. Canada, on Lake Erie,
comprising the counties of Norfolk, Middlesex,
and Oxford,
London, t. Ann Arundel co. Md, 5 ra. S. W. An
napolis, London, p-v. Madison co, Ohio,
London britain, t. Cheater co. Pa, Pop. 404.
London harbour, bay on the N. coast of Uie isl
and of St John, in the gulf ofSt Lawrence, Lon,
6S°ffW. Lat46°2ff N.
LondondevYy, county, Ireland, bounded S. by
Tyrone ; W, by tlonogal ; N, by the Scottish aca ;
E. by Antrim, and the river Bann, Area, 51 1 >680

LON
English acres, or 798 square miles. Pop. accdib
ding to censuain 1818, 186,000 consiating of 27,000
Episcopalians, 53,000 Presbyterians, and, 106,000
Catholics. Londonderry, capital of the above county, is
pleasantly situated on the Foyle.' The old walls,
flanked with bastions, which were buflt in 1614,
still remain in fine repair, and are an ornament te
the place. A very extensive coraraercial inter
course ia carried on chiefly to the West Indies and
Araerica, The harbour is deep, -wide, and tolera
bly secure. Pop. including suburbs, 18,500. 115
m, N. N. W. DubUn, 58 W. N. W. Belfast Lon.
7° 15' W. Lat 65° N.
Londonderry, t Halifax co. Nova Scotia, on the
N. side of Cobequid river, which runa into the ba
sin of Minas 30 miles below.
Londonderry, p-t Rockingham co. N. H. 25 m.
S. Concord, 36 S. W. by W. Portsmouth. Pop.
2,766, chiefly descendants of emigrants from Ire
land. It ia a valuable agricultural townahip, and
considerable attention is paid to manufactures. It
is divided into 2 parishes, aud contains 2 Presby
terian churches, and a weU endowed academy.
Londonderry, p-t. Windham co. Vt 27 m. S. W.
Windaor. Pop. 637.
Londonderry, p-t Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,164.
Londonderry, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 2,411.
Londonderry, t Bedford co. Pa, Pop. 486.
London grave, p-v. Cheater co. Pa.
Londres, or London, t. S.-America, in Tucumaa.
Lat. 19° 12' S.
Long bay, bay on the coastof N. C. and S. C, be
tween the mouth of Cape Fear river, and the
raouth of the Pedee.
Lang beach, Up. Canada, on Lake Ontario,
From its W. point the boundary between York
and Durham counties commences.
Long, or Eighteen mile beach, on the coast of
N. J. between Bamegat bay and Little Egg-ha>
bour inlet.
Lang Benton, t. Ens;, in Northumberland, 8 m,
from Hartlv, Pop. 1,687,
Long io//om, p-t Athens co. Ohio.
Long creek, p-v. Caldwell co. Ken.
Longeuil, barony, Huntington and Kent coun
ties, Lower Canada, ou the river Sorel, 13 m. S. E.
Montreal. It contains the to-wn of Dorcheater,
and the fort of St. John,
Longeuil, seigniory, Kent co. Lower Canada,
on the S, side ofthe St Lawrence, opposite Mon
treal, Long Island, small isl. near the W, coast of Bil
Uton. Lon. 107° 30' E, Lat, 2° 51' S,
Long Island, small isl, near the S. E, coast ofthe
island of Madura. Lon. 1 13" 6' E. Lat 7° 1 6' S.
Long Island, isl, iu Queen Charlotte's sound, OB
the coastof New Zealand, 9 m. S. Port Jackson,
Long Island, isl. off the coast of New Guinea, in
1° S, lat
Long Island, isl, in the Indian sea, near the
coast of Africa, Lat 10° 25'S.
Lona: Island, isl, in Penobscot bay, Maine. On
this island is the town of lalesborough.
Long Island, isl. belonging to the state of New-
York, " It extends in length from the city of New-
York, in an easterly direction, 140 miles. Its
average breadth is 10, and il contains 1,400 sq.
miles. It is divided into three counties. King's*
Queen's, and Suffolk; and these again into 19
townships. The north side of the island is rough
and hilly, but the sofl ia weU calculated forraiaing
gr,iin, hay, and fruit The south side ofthe isl
and lies low, with a light sandy soil^ but well

LON
adapted to grain, particularly Indian corn. On
the aea coaat are extensive tracts of salt meadow,
which extend irom Southampton to the W. end of
the ialand. King's county, at the weat end of the
island, is inhabited chiefly by Dutch. This coun
ty, aud the western part of Queen's, have been
rendered fertile and productive by huabandry.
The greater partof Suffolk haa a poor thin aoil,
and much of it is not worth cultivating, yet it is
weU furnished with wood, and sends large quanti
tiea of this article to the New- York market A
narrow beach of sand and stones runa along the S.
side of the ialand for 100 mUes. There are vari
ous inlets through the beach, which admit vesaela
of 60 or 70 tons. The long narrow bay formed by
the beach is, in the -widest placea, 3 milea broad.
Pop. in 1790, 41,782; in 1800, 42,097 ; and in
1810,48,752. Long Island, amall iaL in Cheaapeak bay, near
the coast of Va, at the mouth of York river.
Long, or Greot island, in Holston river, Ten
nessee, 43 m. from Abingdon, Va, and 100 above
KnoxviUe. Long Island, isl. near the S. coast of Jamaica.
Lon. 76° Sff W. Lat 17° 51' N.
Long Island, ial. near the N. coaat of Antigua.
Lon. 61° 28' W. Lat. 17° 17' N.
Long Island, ial. in Hudaon's atraita. Lou. 75°
W. Lat61°N.
Lang Island, one of the smaUer Bermuda isl
anda. Long Island, amall isl, in the gulf of Mexico,
near Uie coaat of Florida. Lon. 82° Sff W. Lat. 27°
6ffN. Lang Island Sound, a kind of inland sea, from
3 to 25 milea broad, and about 140 railei long, ex
tending the whole length of Long Ialand, and divi
ding it from Connecticut, It communicatea with
the ocean at both enda of Long Islemd ; and afforda
a very safe and convenient inland navigation,
Lang Key, Middle, North, and South, 3 small
islands in the bay of Honduras, near the coaat of
Mexico. Lon. 88° Sff W. Lat 16° S7' N,
Long, or Laung, Loch, an extensive arm of the
sea, Scotland, in the frith of Clyde, aeparating tile
countiea of Argyle and Dumbarton.
Longmeadow, p-t, Hampden co, Maaa, on the E.
side of Connecticut river, 6 ra, S. Springfield, 97
W. Boaton. Pop. 1,036,
Longmire's store, p-v. Edgefield district, S. C,
Long Nose, cape on the E. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 161° Iff E. Lat 35° 6' S.
Lang point, or Abineau, peninsula, Up. Cana
da, in lake Erie, projecting 18 fiiiles into the lake,
iBoata are taken acroas it about 4 railea from the
main, where it ia only about 20 yarda wide,
Lang pond, in Cumberland co. Maine, chiefly
in Bridgetown, 10 milea long, and 1 broad.
Lang swamp, t Berks co. Pa. Pop, 998,
Longanico, t Eu, Turkey, in the Morea, 30 m,
S, Patraa, Lon, 21° 61' E. Lat, 37° 34' N.
Longavi, lofty peak ofthe Chilian Andea, in lat,
36° Sff S, said to be 20,000 feet high,
Longford, county, Ireland, bounded W, by Ros-
coraraon, N, by Leitrim and Cavan, and E, and S,
by Westmeath, Extent, 366 square miles. Pop,
about 50,000,
Longford, t. Ireland, and cap, of the above coun
ty, on the CamUn, 40 ra, S. S, W, Sligo, 58 W, N,
W, Dublin, Lon, 7° 45' W, Lat 52° 42' N,
Longford, t. Eng, in Derbyshire, 64 m, S, by E,
Ashborae,

LOO

413

Longjumetm, t, France, in Seine-and-Oise, 12
m. S, E, Versaillea, Pop, 1,400,
Longness Point, the S, pointof the Iale of Man,
10 ra, S, W, Douglas,
Longny, t Franoe, in Orne, 9 m, E, Mortagne,
Pop, 1,900.
Longoribo, r, Brazil, which enters the Atiantie
opposite the ialand of 'Taponica,
Longotoma, r. Chili, which enters the Pacific
ocean, in lat, 31° 40' S,
Longpaon, v. France, in Lower-Seine, near
Rouen, Pop, 2,000,
Longport, v. Eng, in Staffordshire, adjoining
Newcastie-under-Line, Longton, t Eng, in Lancashire, 6 m, S, W.
Preston, Pop, 1,340,
Longtoivn, t Eng, in Cumberland co, on the
bordera of Scotiand, on the Eak or Liddel, 9 m, N,
CarUsle, 310 N, W. London. Lon, 2° Sff W. Lat
66° I'N, Pop, 1,326.
Langtown, t Eng, iuHerefordahire, 17 m, S, W.
Hereford, Pop, 844,
Longue, t, France, in Maine-and-Loire, 7 m, N,
Saumur, Pop, 3,600,
Languen, r, ChiU, which enters the Maule, near
its mouth,
Longuyon, t, France, in Moselle, 22ra, W, Thi-
onviUe, Pop, 1,600.
Longwoad, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 4 m, W. Hud
dersfield, Pop, 1,461,
Longwy, t. France, in Moaelle, built on a rocky
eminence, and atrongly fortified in the atyle of
Vauban, 20 m. S, W, Luxemburg, 32 N, by W.
Metz, Pop, 2,200,
Lonicera, p-v- Baldwin co, Geo,
Lonigo, t. Austrian Italy, 17 ra, E, by S. Ve-'
rona. Lonloy VAbboye, t. France, 4 ra, N, W, Dom
front Pop, 3,300,
Lonneker, v. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 32 m,
E. Deventer, Pop, 1,300.
Lons le Saulnier, t. France, capital of Jura,
Here is a silver raine, and aalt works of considera
ble extent. Pop, 7,000, 62 m. S, E, Dijon, 269
S, E, Paris, Lon. 5° Sff E, Lat. 46° 41' N,
Lontar Puk, isl, in the Indian ocean, aepa
rated from Malacca by a narrow atrait, Lon, 99 "
E, Lat, 70° Sff N,
Lontar, or Lontaur, one of the Banda isles, di
vided by a narrow strait from the ialand of Neira.
Lontou, V. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 60 m, S,
E- Gallam,
Loa, t. Netherlands, in Weat Flandera, 10 m, N,
N, W. Yprea, Pop, 1,400,
Loochdb Islands, called by Mr, Macleod, Lew-
chew, and by othera, Liquea, or Lieaukiou, a group
in the Eaatem ocean, S. of Japan, and about 4()0
or 500 milea E. of China, They consist of 36 isl
ands. Great Looc'noo is 50 milea long, and from
12 to 15 broad. It waa very imperfectly known ta
Europeans, till visited by captains MaxweU and
Hall, in their return from the late embassy te
China, The cUmate and sofl seera to be araong
the happiest on the globe. The whole coast is sur
rounded with coral reefa. There are, however,
aeveral excellent harboura. The inhabitanta are
of a diminutive stature, the average height ofthe
men not exceeding five feet two inches. They
are, however, strong, well raade, and athletic.
Their lineaments and appearance indicate a de
scent from Japan or Corea, In complexion they
are quite aa fair as the natives of Spain or Portu-

414

LOR

gal. Their dispoaition appeara to be pefculiaHy
gay, gentle, andaraiable, and they aeera to be gift
ed with a remarkable natural politeness. The
capital is Kintching, in lon, 127° 62' E. Lat 26°
14° N,
Loo Christy, t. Netherlands, in East Flanders,
6 m. N, E, Ghent, Pop, 3,100,
iooe. East, borough and s-p, Eng, in CornwaU,
at the' mouth of the Looe, over which there ia a
bridge connecting the town with Weat Looe, 53
m, S, W, Exeter, Lon. 4° 26' W. Lat 15° 22' N.
Pop. 48p.
LooUout Cape, cape on the S. coaat of Hudaons'
bay. Lon. 84° W. Lat 66° N.
Lookout, Cape, cape in Hudaon'a bay. Lon.
89°lff W.Lat56°3ff N.
Look-out, Capcj on the coast of N, C. the S,
point of Ocrecock inlet, N, E. of Cape Fear, and
S, of Cape Hatteras, Lon, 76° 37' W, Lat 34»
22' N, Here was formerly an excellent harbour,
but it is now fiUed up with sand.
Lookout, Cape, or De los Desvolos, cape on the
E, coast of S, America, Lon, 66° 9' W, Lat 48°
24' S,
Lookout, Cape, cape on the coast of Patagonia,
in the Atlantic, Lat, 48° 32' S,
Lookout, Cape, cape on theN, W, coastof Amer
ica, Lon, 236° 11' E, Lat 46° 32' N.
Lookout Mountain, a range of mountains exten
ding about 30 miles, acrosa the boundary, between
Georgia and Tennessee, and terminating abruptljr
6 railes E, of the Suck in Tenneaaee river, 8 W,
Brainerd. It is about 2,000 feet high.
Lookout, Point, cape on the S, E, coast of New
Holland, Lat. 14° 61° S,
Lookout, Point, cape on the E, coast of New
Holland, Lon, 153° 31' E, Lat, 27° 27' S,
Lbonghee, t Birman empire, on the E, bank of
the Irrawuddy river, Lon. 91° 55' E. Lat, 19°
41' N,
Loosduinen, v. Netherlands, 4 ra, S. S, W, ofthe
Hague, Pop. 1,500.
Loose, t. Eng. in Kent, 24 m. S. Maidstone. Pop.
868. Laoseigna, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 84° 68' E.
Lat. 24° 20' N,
Loots, or Borchloen, t, Netherlands, 14 m, N, N.
W, Liege, Pop, 1,400,
Loppersum, v. Netherlands, 6 m, W, Delfzyl,
Pop, 1,000,
Loquiers, or Loquires, Pointe de, cape on the
W, coaat of France, Lon, 3° 34' W, Lat 48°
4ffN, Lara, t. Spain, in Seville, on the Guadalquivir,
8 ra. N, Carmona, Pop. 3,000,
Lora, r. ChiU, which falls into the Pacific ocean
in lat 34° 46' S,
Laramie's creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Miarai above Piqua,
Lorca, I. Spain, in Murcia, on the Sangonera.
It contains 9 churches and several monasteries.
The chief manufacture is saltpetre, 40 m. W. S,
W, Murcia, 47 W, Carthagena. Lou, 1° 22' W,
Lat, 37° 25' N, Pop, 22,000,
Larch, t Wirtemberg, 6 m, W, Gemund, Pop,
1,200. Lord Edgecumb's Island, or New Sark, one of
Queen Charlotte's islanda. Lon. 165° 14' E, Lat
11° IffS.
Lord Hood's Canal, inlet in the Gulf of New
Georgia, about 40 miles from north to aouth. It
coraraunicates with Admiralty inlet
Lord Howe's Group, a cluater of islands in the

LOS
Pacific ocean, flis'covered by captain Huriter, ih-
1791. Lon. 159° 24' E. Lat 6° Sff S. '
Lord North's Island, small isl, in the Pacific ;•
also called NeviPs Island and Johnston's Island.
Lon. 131° 12' E. Lat 3° ffN.
Lorenzana, Son Vicente de, city, Spaniah Amer
ica, 50 leagues from Guatimala,
Lorenzo, isl. on the coast of Peru, oppoaite the
port of Callao. Lat 12° 4' S.
Lareo, t Austrian Italy, 4 m. E. Adria. Pop,
2,300, Loreto, t Paraguay, on the Parana, Lon, 55°
34' 39" W, Lat 27° Iff 58" S,
Larette, La Jeune, Indian v. Lower Canada, 9
m, frora Quebec,
Loretto, t. Italy, iu the Papal state, near the in
flux of the Muaone into the Adriatic, It ia sur
rounded -with a rampart and a deep ditch, Il owes
ita celebrity to the Santa Casa, or house said to
have been inhabited by the Virgin Mary of Naza
reth, 12 m, S, S, E, Ancona, 115 N, N. E. Rome,
Lon, 13° 36' E, Lat, 43° 27' N. Pop. 6,000.
Loretto, p-v. Essex co. Va.
Largues, t. France, in Var, 15 m. W. Frejus.
Lon. 6° Sff E, Lat. 43° 2ff N, Pop, 4,900,
L' Orient, a-p, in the N, W. of France, in Mor
bihan, on the bay of Port Louia, at the influx of the
Scorf, Il is surrounded by good fortifications.
The harbour is large and secure, of easy accesa,
and aufficiently deep to float shipa of war. The
trade was forraerly very flourishing, it being the
principal atation of the ahipping of the French
E, India company. It has still some trade, particu- •
larly with the French coloniea ; and is a place of
importance, on account of its magazines for the use
of the royal navy. Pop. 18,000. 340 ra. W. by
S.Paris, Lon, 3° 21' W, Lat 47° 45' N,
Lam, disfrict, Scotland, inthe N. partof Argyle
ahire, Loroux Botterau, t, France, in Lofre Inferi-t
eure, on the Loire, ]2ra. E, Nantes, Pop. 3,000.
. Lorrach, t. Baden, 6 ra. N. E. Bale. Pop.:
1,900. Lorraine, an extensive counfry in the N. E. of
France, divided at present into the departments of
Meuse, Moselle, Meurthe, and Voages.
Lorraine, p-t, Jefferson co. N, Y. 9 ra, E, Lake
Ontario, 160 W, N, W, Albany. Pop. 812.
Lorris, t France, in Loiret, 28 ra, E, Orleans.
Pop, 1,500,
Lorsch, ar Laurisheim, t, Germany, in Hesse-
Darmstadt, 6 m. E, Worms, Pop, 1,700.
Los Esteros Bay, bay on the coast of New Al
bion. Lon. 239° 22' E. Lat 35° 31' N.
Losonts, t. Hungary, 34 m. S. E. Altsohl. Pop.
1,800. Lassie, i. ScoUand, in Morayshire, which falls
into the sea at Lossiemouth.
Lossiemouth, v. ScoUand, the seaport of Elgin,
distant about 7 miles.
Lossnils, t Saxony, 50 m, S, W. Dreaden, Lon,
12° 37' E. Lat 50° 32' N, Pop. 3,300.
Lost creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the E, side
ofthe Miarai, in Miarai co.
Lost creek, r, Vigo co, Indiana, which flows to
wards the E, side of the Wabaah, but before reach
ing it, ia lost in the sands,
Lostock, t Eng, in Lancashire, 3 ra, W, Great
Bolton, Lost run, r, Vigo co. Indiana, which runs to
wards Otter creek, but before reaching it, is lost
in the sands,
Lostwithiel, borough, Eng, in ComwaU, on the

LOU
river. Fowey, 234 m, W, S, W, Loudon, Pop,
825. Lasva, r. A, Russia, which falls into the Sosva,
after a course of 150 miles.
Lot, department in the S, of France, adjacent
to Dordogne, Aveyron, and Upper Garonne. Ex
tent, 2,800 aquare milea. Fop, 272,000, Cahora
is the capital.
Lot and Garonne, department in the S, W, of
France, bounded by Dordogne, Lot, Gers, Landes,
and Gironde, Extent, 2,200 square miles. Pop,
326,000, of whom nearly 30,000 are Protestants,
Agen ia the capital.
Lot, r, France, which joina the Garonne,
Lotbiniere, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side of the St, Lawrence, 30 m,
S, W, Quebec, Pop. 3,400.
Lothian, extensive and fertile district, Scotland,
divided into three shires, viz. East-Lothian, or
Haddingtonshire ; Mid-Lothian, or Edinburgh
shire ; and West Lothian, or Linlithgowshire.
Loudeac, t. France, in Cotes-dtt-Nord,-26 ra, S,
3t Brieux, Pop. 1,300,
Loudon, p-t, Rockingham co, N. H, 7 m, N, E,
Concord, Pop, 148,
Loudon, Masa, See Otis.
Loudon, CO, Va, on the Potomac, Pop, 21,338,
Slaves, 5,157, Chieftown, Leesburg,
Loudantown, p-t, Franklin co. Pa,
LoudonviUe, v. Richland co, Ohio,
Loudun, t. France, in Vienne, 28 m, N. N, W,
Poitiers, Pop. 5,200,
Lovell, t. Oxford co, Maine, 20 m, N, Paris,
Pop. 366,
LoveU's pond, N, H, at the head ofthe E, branch
ofthe Piscataqua,
Lovendegem, t Netherlands, 6 m, N, W, Ghent,
Pop, 3,800.
Lavenich, t. Pruaaian atatea, 6 m, W, Cologne,
Pop, 1,550,
Loveton, p-v, Baltimore co, Md,
Louer, t. Hind, in Dowletabad. Lon, 47° 27'
E, Lat 20° 2ff N,
Lovere, t. Auatrian Italy, in Bergarao, 14 m. N,
Iseo. Pop, 3,000,
Loughborough, t, Eng. in Leiceater, on the Soar,
Here ia a well endowed free grammar school. The
chief manufacturea are atockings, and cotton spin
ning, 1 1 ra. N. Leicester, 14 S. Nottinghara, 109
N. by W. London. Pop, 5,400,
Loughborough, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada.
Loughborough Canal, inlet on the N, W. coast
of America, in the gulf of Georgia, SO miles long
and 1 broad, Lon, 234° Sff E. Lat, 50° 27' N,
Lougherty's Creek, r. Indiana, which runs into
the Ohio lira, below the mouth of Miarai river,
Lougnon, VOignon, r. France, which falls into
the Saone, near Pontarlier -
Laugher, t. Walea, in Glamorganshire, 8 m. N.
W, Swanaea, Lon. 4° ff W. Lat, 51° 40' N. Pop.
291, Loughrea, t, Ireland, in Galway, 15 m. S, W,
Galway, Lauhans, t, France, in Upper-Saone, 28 m, N,
E. Macon. Pop. 3,000.
Louin, t. France, in Two Sevres. 22 ra. N. W.
Poitiers, Pop. 1,500.
Lovington, p-v. Nelson co, Va,
Louisa, CO, in the central part of Va, Pop,
11,900, Slaves, 6,430,
Louisa chitto. See Bigblack.
LovAsburg, p-t. and cap, Franklin co. N, C, on

LOU

415

Tar river, 23 m, N,E, Raleigh, 104 from Waah
ington, Louis, Cape, cape on the W, coast of Kergue
len's Land, Lon, 68° Iff E, Lat, 49° 2' S,
Louis, Fort, an iraportant barrier fortreaa in the
N, E, of France, constructed by Vauban in 1686 ;
on an island, in the Rhine, 12 ra, E, Hagu
enau, Louise de Ramsay, seigniory, Richelieu co.
Lower Canada,
Louisiana. Thia name waa originaUy applied
to the whole country West of the Miaaissippi, in
cluded within the limits of the preaent Statea of
Louisiana and Missouri, and ofthe Arkansaw and
Missouri territories. In 1803, thia country was
purchased by the U, S, from France, for about
$16,000,000. Its boundaries have been a aubject
of much dispute ; but by the treaty with Spain,
ratified the present year, (1821) the controversy
is finaUy settled. By this treaty, the boundary
on the aide ofthe Spanish dominiona, begina inthe
gulf of Mexico, at the mouth of Sabine river, and
proceeda up that river to the parallel of 32° N.
lat ; thence due N. to Red river ; thence up Red
river to the meridian of 100° W. lon. ; thence
along that meridian to Arkanaaw river ; thence
up the Arkanaaw to ita source, and to the parallel
of 42° N. lat, ; thence along that parallel to the
Pacific ocean. The cession of Florida by Spain
puts an end to the dispute respecting the boundary
in that quarter. The northern boundary reraains
to be adjusted,
Louisiana, one of the U, S, bounded N, by Ar
kansaw Territory; E. by the State of Mississippi;
S. by the gulfof Mexico ; and W, by the Spanish
dorainions. The boundary runs as foUows : Be
ginning in Mississippi river, at 33° N, lat, it pro
ceeds down the river to lat, 31° ; thence along
that parallel to Pearl river ; down Pearl river to
the gulf of Mexico; along the gulf of Mexico, in
cluding all Uie islands within six leaguea of the
shore, to the raouth of the Sabine ; up the Sabine
to the parallel of 32° N. lat, ; thence due N. to the
parallel of 33° ; thence E, along that parallel to
the place of beginning. It extends from lat, 29°
lo 33° N, and from lon, 89° to 94° W, and con
tains 48,220 square miles, or 30,860,800 acres.
On the gulf of Mexico it reaches from Pearl river
to the Sabine, The Mississippi river forma the
eastern boundary ofthe State frora lat, 33° to 31°
N. In lat, 31° Bed river emptiea itself into the
Misaisaippi from the N, W, Below the mouth of
Red river, the Miaiaaippi, inalead of receiving the
tribute of inferior atreams, divides into numerous
branchea or outlets, which, diverging frora each
other, slowly wind their way to the sea, forming
what ia called the Delta of the Mississippi, Of
these outlets, the most western is the Atchfifalaya,
which leaves the main stream 3 milea below the
mouth of Red river, and diverging westward,
flowa into Atchafalaya bay, in the gulf of Mexico,
About 128 miles below the Atchafalaya, is the
outiet of the Plaquemine, ita main atreara unites
with the Alchafalaya ; bul il has other communi
cations intersecting the country in different direc
tions. Thirty-one milea below the Plaquemine,
and 81 above New-Orleans, is the outlet of La
Fourche, which communicates with the gulf of
Mexico by two mouths. Below the La Fourche,
numeroua other smaller strearas branch off from
the river at various points. On the east side oi
the Mississippi, the principal outlet is the Iber-

416

LOU

LOU

Tille, which communicates with the gulf of Meid-
•o, through lakes lyjaurepaa, Ponclwrtrain, and
Borgne. — A large extent of country in thia State
is annually overflowed by the Mississippi, From
lat 32° to 31° Uie average width of overflowed
land, may be estimated at 20 miles ; from lat 31°
to the efilux ofthe La Fourche, a littie above lat.
30° the width is about 40 miles. All the country
below the La Fourche is overflowed. The whole
extent of lands thua inundated ia 8,340 aquare
milea ; and if to thia be added 2,560 square railea
for the inundated landa on Red river, the whole
araount in the State will be 10,890 square miles.
It must not be imagined, however, that this ex
tensive tract is one continued sheet of water. It
ia rather intersected by innumerable canals and
lakea, which interlocking in a thouaand raazea,
chequer the whole face of the country. The area
actually aubmerged, is estimated at only 4,000
square miles. It is remeu-kable that the banks of
the Mississippi, and several of its branches are
considerably elevated above the level of the adja
cent counfry. This is occasioned by a more copi
ous deposition along the margins, than at a dis
tance from thera. Hence it happens that all these
rivers are skirted with a rich border of alluvial
land, from 400 yards to a mile and a half iu
breadth, and elevated above the level of the inun
dations, while the surface in the rear is covered
with lakes and impaasable swampa. The fertile
tracta of aUuvial land which every where border
the shores ofthe Mississippi, have given rise loan
artificial work of great extent, for confining its
streEun, and for securing the country from the ef
fects of its inundations. This work is an embank
ment ofthe river, called the Levee. On the E, aide
of the Miaaissippi, the embankment commences
about 60 railea above New-Orleans, and extends
down the river for more than 130 miles. On
the W, shore, it coraraences at Point Couple, 172
miles above New-Orleans, It ia here that the
navigator in deacending the river eraergea from a
gloomy wilderness, presenting detached settle
ments at long and tedious intervala, into beautiful
and finely cultivated plantations. On the side of
thia elevated artificial bank, ia a range of hand
some, neatly buUt houaes, appearing like one con
tinued village, as far as the city of New-Orleans,
The N. VV, section of the State has been till re-
eentiy but very partially explored. It is inter
sected by Red river, which enters the State in
one undivided stream, and after flowing about SO
miles, spreads out into a number of channels and
lakea, forming an inundated awamp, six miles
wide, and fifty long. The part of the Slate be
tween Red river and the Mississippi, is intersect
ed by the Wachitta,
Along the whole southern border of the State
from Pearl river to the Sabine, are vast prairies,
which for every purpose of a general aketch, may
be described as one immense meadow, occupying
10,000 square milea, or one fifth of the aurface of
the State, The part of this tract about the mouths
of the Mississippi, for SO miles, is a. continued
swamp, destitute of trees, and covered with a
species of coarse reed, 4 or 5 feet high. Nothing
can be more dreary than the proapect froni a ship'a
maat, while passing thia imraenae waate. The
part of this section west of the Mississippi is wa
tered by the rivers Teche, Verraillion, Mermen-
tau, Calcasiu, and Sabine, The three laat dilate
into ahallow lakes, and again contract to the form
of rivers, just before entering the guU'of Mexico.

The parts of the State which have been brought
under cultivation are almost exclusively the nar
row strips of rich alluvial land on the banks ofthe
Mississippi, the Teche, Red river, and Wachitta,
The ataple productiona are cotton, augar, and rice.
Tobacco and indigo could be as extenaively culti
vated aa cotton, but they do not afford the aame
profit. On the banka of the Miaaiaaippi, the La
Fourche, the Teche, and the VermilUon, below
lat, 30° 12' N, wherever the aoil is elevated above
the annual inundation, sugar can be produced ;
and the landa are generaUy. devoted to this crop.
In all other parts of the State cotton is the staple.
The best districts for cotton are the banks of Red
river, Wachitta, Teche, and the Mississippi, Rice
is more particularly confined to the banka of the
Mississippi, where irrigation can be easily per
formed- — 'The quantity of land within the State
adapted to the cultivation of the three staples, haj
been estimated as foUows : sugar, 250,000 acres ;
rice, 250,000; cotton, 2,400,(J00. Some ofthe
sugar planters have derived a revenue in some
years, of $1,000 from the labor of each of their
slaves ; from $500 to $750 is the ordinary calcula
tion. The whole araount of sugar raade in Louia
iana in 1810, was about 10,000,000 lbs. ; in 1814,
not less than 15,000,000 ; and in 1817, 20,000,000,
or nearly one third ofthe whole amount consnm.
ed in the United Slates. — The extensive prairie
land, in the S. W, partof the State, erabracing the
diatrict of Opelousas, and the greater part of At.,
tacapaa, is most admfrably adapted to the rear
ing of cattle, and has hitherto been used almost
exclusively for that purpose. Many ofthe richer
planters on the Teche and Vermfllion, have stock
farms eatablished on Mermantau and Calcasiu riv
ers, and count their cattie by the tfaousand.
Louisiana was admitted into the Union in 1811.
In 1810 it was called the Territory of Orleans,
and contained 76,556 inhabitants, ofwhom 34,311
were whiles, 7,5iJ6 free blacks, and 34,660 slaves.
To this number may be added 10,0(X), as the popu
lation of that part of West Florida, which waa
annexed to the State in 1812. In 1820, the whole
number was 155,000. This population is princi
pally confined to the setUeraents on the Mississip
pi. In the upper aettiementa the inhabitants are
principally Canadians ; in the middle, Germans ;
and in the lower, French and Spaniards. A few
yeara aince a majority of the inhabitEuita were Ro
man Catholics. The clei^ of this order, howev
er, are not nuraerous ; and the constant introduc
tion of eraigrants from the north is effecting a rap
id revolution in all the institutions ofthe counfry.
In journeying from New-Orleans to the mouth
of Sabine river, we raeet with men in every stage
of civilization. In New-Orleana, and other placea
on the banks of the Mississippi, the sugar and cot
ton planters live in splendid edifices, and enjoy aU
the luxury that wealth can impart. In Attacapas
and Opelousas, Uie glare of expensive luxury van
ishes, and is followed by substantial independence.
In the western parts of Opelousas are found herds
men and hunters ; the cabins are rudely and
hastily conatructed, and the whole acene recala to
Uie imagination the primeval state of society.
The exports from Louisiana are not confined to
its own produce. The bulky articles of all the
western States go down the Mississippi, and are
cleared out at New-Orleans, fhe value ofthe ex
ports in 1804, was $1,6' 10,362; in 1806, $3,887,323;
in 1815, 155,102,610; in 1817, $13,501,036, near
ly two thtr^ aa mudi as that of the whole United

LOU
states in 1791. The nuraberof arrivals and clear
ances at the port of New-Orleana, during the year
ending Oct. 1st, 1817, was 1,030. During the
same year, 1,500 flat-bottomed boata, and 500
barges, arrived at Uie city from the upper couu
try. The duties on merchandize paid in this State
in 180^1, was $279,272 ; in 1807, $480,275 ; in
1816, $984,909.
Louis, Mont, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 9ra.
E- S. E. Tours,
Louis, Mont, t France, in Eastern Pyrenees, 16
ra. W- S, W. Prades,
Louis, Port, s-p, on' the W, coast of France, in
Morbihan, at Uie raouth of the river Blavet, Lon,
3°2ff W. Lat47°4ffN,
Louisa, s-p, Eu. Russia, in Finland, on the N,
coastof the guU of Finland, SO ra, E. N, E, Hel-
singfora, Lon. 26° 16' E. Lat 60° 27' N,
Louisa, Loango, r. W. Africa, which falls into
the Atlantic in lat 5° SO' S.
Louisburg, t. and cap. of the island of Cape Bre
ton, on a point of land on the S. E, aide of the ial
and. The harbour is excellent. It ia more than
half an English mile in breadth in the narrowest
part, and six miles in length from N. E. to S, W,
and has six or seven fathoms of water in every
part of it. In winter it is totally impracticable,
being entfrely frozen. The principal trade of
Louisburg is the cod fishery. It was taken from
the French by the Araerican forces, commanded
by Sir WiUiam Pepperel, and the English fleet,
under Sir Peter Warren, in the year 1 746 ; bul
afterwards restored to France by the treaty of
Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748. It weis again taken by
the English, under admiral Boscawen and lieu
tenant-general Amherst, on the 27th of July 1768,
and its fortifications since demolished. Lon. 59°
5ffW. Lat45°6ffN.
Lauisiade, an archipelago in the Eastern seas,
lying S. E. of New Guinea, and extending about
,W0 miles in length, by about 160 in breadth. The
centre lies nearly under 10° S.lal. and 162° 25'E. lon,
Louisville, p-t. St Lawrence co. N. Y, on the
river St. Lawrence, 30 m. below Ogdenaburg. It
contains the village of Racketou,
Louisville, p-t, and tap, Jefferson co. Geo. on
the Ogechee, 40 m, W, Auguata, 48 E, MiUedge
viUe, 100 N,W, Savaimah,
LouisviUe, p-t and cap. Jefferaon co. Kentucky,
is pleasantly situated on an elevated and beautiful
plain, on the S, bank of the Ohio, iramediately
above the rapids, 120 miles below Cincinnati, 50
W, Frankfort, Lat 38° Iff N, Lon. 85° 30' W,
Pop, in 1810, 1,357; in 1819, estimated at 4,500.
It contains an elegant court-house ; a jail ; a thea
tre ; 3 banlis, one of them a branch of the U. S,
bank ; an insurance company ; a market-house ;
3 houses for public worship, 1 for Roman Cathol
ics, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodists ; 3
printing offices ; and 670 dwelling houses, princi
pally brick. — Among the manufacturing estabUsh-
menta is a distillery, established by a corapEmy
forraed in New-England in 1816, and incorporated
in this State, under the name of the Hope Diatil-
lery company. It ia the most extensive establish
ment ofthe kind intheU, S, yielding 1,200 gal
lons per day. Here also are 5 tobacco manufacto
ries 4 a factory for the construction of atgam en
gines, in which about 60 workmen are employed ;
a aoap and candle manufactory, auppoaed to be the
largeat in the western country, and producing
12,000 pounds of soap, and 6,000 pounds of can
dles per week'; a augar refinery ; a steam nour
53

LOW

4n

mill, and 2 steam saw mflla. The commerce of
LouiaviUe and Shippingport haa increased aaton-
iahingly within a few yeara. There are now up
wards of 25 steam-boats, measuring together 6,050
tona, eraployed in their commerce, A canal
around the rapids of the Ohio at this place has
long been in contemplation ; but nothing effectual
has yet been done,
Louislown, t. Talbot co. Md. on the W. side of
Tuckahoe creek, 4 m. N. Kingaton, 7 N. E.
Easton. Louie, t. Portugal, in Algarva, 9 ra. N, Faro.
Lon, 7° 54' W, Lat, 37° ff N, Pop. 6,000.
Lounganfou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Shansee. Lon. 116° 6ff E. Lat, 31° 48' N,
Loup, r. France, which runs into the Mediter
ranean, in lon. 7° l'2' E, lat 43° Sff N,
Lourde, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 12 m, S.
W. Tarbea, Pop. 2,750,
Louristan, a mountainoua diatrict of Irak, in
Persia, bordering on Khusistan,
Louro, or Luro, (an, Elalhera) t Eu, Turkey,
in Alkania, 12 m. W, by S, Arta,
Lovsia, t. Eu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, 35 m, S. Ni-
copoUs. Pop. 3,000,
Louth, t Eng, in the N. E, part of Lincoln co,
and a place of conaiderable and increasing trade,
having a navigable canal to the sea. 28 m. N. E.
Lincoln, 36 N. Boston, 144 N. London. Lon. 0°
1' E. Lat 53° 22' N. Pop. 4,761.
Louth, raarRime co, Ireland, bounded N. by Ar
magh, and E, by the Irish channel. Area, 177,926
acres, or 278 square railes. Pop, estimated at
57,000. Proportion of Catholics to Proleslanta as
15 to 1.
Louth, t. Lincoln co. Up. Canada, on Lake On
tario. Loulre, t Montgomery co. Missouri.
Louvain, t. Netherlands, in South Brabant, on
the Dyle, and the canal of Louvain. It owes its chief
celebrity to its university, founded originally in
1420, and suppressed by the French in October,
1797, bul aince re-established. It was formerly
noted for ita extensive manufacturea of Unen and
woollens, which have now declined. The making
of wooUens and lace, however, still continues to
employ a number ofthe inhabitants ; but the great
raanufacture is beer, for which Louvain has long
been celebrated. It was taken by the French in
1746 and 1794. 14 m. E, by N. Brussels, and 20
S, E. by S. Antwerp, Lon, 4° 41' 46" E, Lat 50°
Sff 26" N, Pop. 25,400.
Louvaine, t France, in Maine-and-Loire, 20 m.
N. by W. Angers. Pop. 1,600.
Louvegne,^t. Netherlands, lira. S. E. Liege.
Pop. 1,600.
Louviers, t. France, in Eure, 16 ra. S. Rouen.
Pop. 6,800.
Louvigne du Desert, t. France, in Ille-and- Vil
laine, 33 m. N. E. Rennes. Pop. 3,000.
Louvres, t France, iu Seine-and-Oise, 14 m, N,
E, Paria, Pop. 1,060,
Lousa, t. Portugal, in Beira, 17 ra, E, by S, Co
irabra. Pop, 2,600,
Low Green Point, cape on the E, coast of Suraa
tra. Lon. 106° E. Lat. 3° 12' S.
Lowen, t Silesia, on the Neisse. Lon, 17° 33' E,
Lat50°4ff N, Pop. 1,100.
Lowenberg, or Lemberg, t. Silesia, on the Bo
ber, 63 m. W. Breslau. Lon. 15° 42' E. Lat 51°
ffN. Pop. 3,400,
Lowenstein, a county in the S, W. of Germany,
iu Wirtemberg, Pop, 48,000.

418

L U B

Lower quivre, t. St, Charles co, Missouri,
Lowers, v. Switz, in Schweitz, 4 m, W, by N,
Schweitz, Lowestoft, t.Eng. on the coast of Suffolk, The
trade consists principally in the fisheries, chiefly
that of herrings, 9 m, S. Yarmouth, 113 N, E,
London, Lon, 1° 45' E, Lat, 52°2ff N, Pop, 3,189,
Lowhill, t. Letfigh co. Pa. Pop. 632.
Lordes, t. Poland, 42 ra. W, Warsaw, Pop,
'2,400, Lawasits,t. Boheraia, 4m. W. S. W. Leutmeritz.
Lowrey's mills, p-v. Chesterfield co. S. C.
Lowton, t. Eng, in Lancaahire, 3 ra, N, E. New
ton, Pop, 1,647.
Lowvilk, p-t, Lewis co, N, Y, on Black river,
57ra, N, Utica, 160 frora Albany, Pop, 1,643,
The village of Lowville ia handaomely built. Here
is an academy,
Loxa, t, Spain, in Granada, on the Xenil, It
has some salt-works and raanufactures of copper.
30 m. W. Granada, 18 S, S, E, Cordova, Lon. 4°
Iff W. Lat, 37° Iff N, Pop. 9,000.
Loxa, a province of Quito. Loxa, the capital,
stands in a beautiful and extensive valley, 237 ra,
frora Quito, and contains 10,600 inhabitants, Lon,
79° 15' W, Lat 3° 69' S.
Loxa, rock, near the N. coast of Cuba. Loh, 83°
57' W. Lat 23° Iff N,
Loyolsock, r. Lycoming co. Pa. which runa into
the E, brEUich of Suaquefaannab, 26 m, above Sun
bury, Loyalsock, t. Lycoming co. Pa, Pop. 850.
Loyola, Son Luis de, t. in the viceroyalty of Bu
enos Ayres, 170 m, S, E. Mendoza. Lou. 65° 44' W.
Lat 33° Iff S.
Loyola, city of Quito, on the river Veriel, 13 m.
S, E. Valladolid, Lat 4° 45' S.
Loysborough, p-v. Anderson co. Tennessee.
Lose, r. Congo, in Africa, which .runs into the
AUantic, in lat. 7° 55' S.
Lozere, department in the S, of France, bound
ed by the departraents of the Cantal, the Upper
Loire, the Ardeche, the Gard, and the Aveyron.
Extent, 2,100 square miles. Pop, 144,000,
Lu, t. Piedmont, 9 m, W. Alessandria, Pop, 2,800,
Liuibo, r. W. Africa, one of the branches into
which the Zambeze divides, before entering the
Indian ocean.
Luana, Point, cape on the S. coast of Jamaica,
Lon. 77° 51' W, Lat 18' 2'N,
Luanga, t. Spain, in Asturia, 23 m, N, Oviedo,
Pop. 1,800.
Lubau, or Liebau, t. Sileaia, SO m, N. W, Glatz,
Pop. 1,750.
Lubbeke, t. Pruasian states, 14 m, W. Minden,
Fop, 2,000,
Lubben, or Lubio, t. Prussian Statea, 50 m. S.
S. E. Beriin. Lon, 13° 4ff W, Lat 51°S7'N, Pop,
3,100, Lubbenau, t. Prussian stales, on the Spree, 58
m. N, Dresden, Lon, 13° 52'E, Lat51°5ffN,
Pop. 2,150.
Lubec, Isle, isl. off the N, coast of Java. Lon.
-112°4ff E, Lat5°4ffS,
Li(/ieeifc,afreecily in the north of Germany, on
the Trave, a navigable river, which joina the Ijnl-
tic about 8 miles below. It ia aurrounded by
walls; but the other military defences, which
were of greatstrength, were demolished after the
town waa surrendered to the French in 1806, and
the moat has been filled up, Lubeck was forraer
ly a biahop's aee, and still has a cathedral and
four parish churthes. The council-house was iu

LUC
former ages the place of meeting for the deputies
from the Hanse towns, among whom Lubeck had
the precedence, The^ importa conaiat cliiefly of
wine from Francej aiid manufactures from Eng
land ; the whole to no great amount, Hamburgh
having great advantages, from its easier access to
the ocean, and raore extensive communication
with the interior, Lubeck now forms part of the
Germanic confederation, and along with theother
free towns, sends a deputy to the diet Pop, of the
city, 26,600 ; but including the annexed territo
ry, il is 40,660, 33 m. N, Lauenburg, 36 N, E.
Hamburgh, 149 S, by W, Copenhagen, Lon, 10°
6ff E. Lat 53° 51' N,
Lubeck, p-t. Washington co, Maine, at the S, E.
extremity of the Slate, on a peninsula, on the W,
aide of Passamaquoddy bay, 4 m. S, S. E. of East-
port, 23 E. N, E, Machias. It is a new town,
commenced in 1815, and ia weU aituated for com
merce. It haa a cuatom houae, an exceUent har
bor, and considerable trade.
Lvben, t. Silesia, 13 ra. N. Liegnitz. Pop. 2,350.
Lubesac, t. France, in Correze, 8 ra. W, Uzer-
che. Pop, 3,100.
Lubim, in Sac. Geog, the narae of the inhabit
ants of Libya. See Libya.
Lubils, or Lups, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg
Schwerin, on the Elbe. Lon. 12° E. Lat 53° 30'
N. Pop. 1,200.
Lublan, or Lublyo, t Hungary, near the Pop
rad, 15 m. N.E. Kasmark. Lon. 20° 44' E. Lat
49° Iff N. Pop. 2,000.
Lublin, a p-alatinate of the kingdom of Poland,
erected in 1816. Area, 6,447 square miles. Pop.
468,500. Lublin, the capital, stands on the Bis-
tricza, alraost surrounded by Isikes and raarahea. It
has a casUe, and is the see ofa bishop. Ithas three
great yearly fairs, which last each a month, and
are attended by Gerraan, Greek, Armenian, Ara
bian, Russian, Turkish, and other traders. 85 m.
S.E. Warsaw. Lon. 22° Sff E. Lat 61° 15' Jf.
Pop. 7,100. '
Lublinits, t SUesia, 79 m. S. E. Brealau. Pop.
1,350. Lubny, t. Eu. Russia, in Pultava, 104 m. E. S.
E, Kiev. Lon, 33° ff 46" E, Lat, 50° ff 37" N, Pop.
5,300, Luc, t. France, in Var, 16 m, S, Draguignan,
Pop, 2,700,
Lucola, r. Angola, Africa, which falls into the
Coanza at Massingano,
Lucan, Point, cape on the N. W, coastof King
George the Thfrd's archipelago, Lon. 223° Sff E.
Lat 58° 7' N,
Lucanas, province, Peru. It has productive
silver mines. Its capital is of the same name, and
is in lat 14° Sff S.
Lucar de Mayor, t Spain, in Andalusia, on the
Guadiamar, 10 m. W, SeviUe. Pop. 2,000.
Lucas, or Luque, parish, Paraguay, on the river
Paraguay, 6 ra. N, E, Aaaumption, Lon, 5T 32 W.
Lat 25° Iff S.
Lucay, t. France, in Indre, 6 ra. S, W, Valen-
cay. Pop, 1,000,
Lucayos Islands. See Bahamas.
Lucca, a duchy of Italy, surrounded by Tusca
ny, Modena, and the -Mediterranean, Extent, 420
square miles. Pop, 138,000, Two-thirds of its
territory are supposed to be covered by mountains
and defiles ; the remainder comprises the delight
ful plain around the city, and a number of fertile
valli^. From the middle ofthe 15th century tiU
180,5, Lucca was an independent republic, la

LUC

L U D

419

1805 its government was changed by Uie French ;
butinl8l5, by the 101st act of the congresa of Vi
enna, it was erected into a duchy, and given as an
indemnity to the infanta of Spaui, Maria Louisa.
L-ucco, a city of Italy, capital of the duchy of the
same name, is situated in a fertile plain, watered
by the Serchio, and surrounded with beautifully
cultivated hills. Its fortifications, though regular,
and in good repair, are not of great strength. It
is the aeat of the government otficea, and the see of
an archbishop. It has likewise an university, a
large school, and an academy of arts and sciences.
The chief manufactures are of cloth and silk ; anji
the trade in the latter article, and in olive oil, ia
very conaiderable, 19 m, N, N. E. Leghorn, 28 W,
Florence, Lon, 10° 34' E. Lat 43° 54' N, Pop.
18,000, Luce, r, Scotland, in Wigtonahire, which falls
into the aea at the bay of Luce,
L'uce, Bay of, or Glenluce Bay, a spacious bay
in Wigtonshire, Scotlaud, 20 miles wide at the
entrance. Lucea Harbour, bay on the N. side of Jamaica,
14 ra, W. Montego bay. Lon. 78° ff W, Lat. 18°
2ff N.
Lucena, t. Spain, in Cordova, 32 m. S, S. E,
Cordova. Lon, 4° 2ff W, Lat 37° 32' N, Pop,
12,000, Lucera, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, Il ia the
see of a bishop, 32 m, N, E, Benevento, Pop,
3,400,. Lucerna, t. Piedmont, 6 m. S, Pinerolo. Pop.
1,200. Lucerne, canton in the heart of Switzerland, ad
jacent to Zurich, Schweitz, and Unterwalden,
Extent, 740 square railes. Pop. nearly 87,000. It
is one of the least raountainous portions of Swit
zerland. Com is raised in abundance ; also flax
and hemp, vines, &c. The only literary institu
tion is the coUege, belonging formerly lo the Jesu-
ita, who were restored in 1819, contrary to the
wishes of a part of the inhabitants. Lucerne ia
the raoat powerful aud zealoua of the Catholic can
tons. Liu:erne, the capital of the above canton, is on
the Reusa, where it issues frora the lake of Lu
cerne. It is on both sides of the river, and its two
parts communicate by four bridges. The view
frora these bridges is very picturesque. 42 m. E.
Beme, 16 W. by N. Schweitz. Lon. 8° 18'E. Lat,
47° S N, Pop. nearly 7,000.
Lucerne, lake, Switzerland, between the can
tons of Unterwalden, Lucerne, Schweitz, and Uri :
it 15 also called the lake of 'VValdstadte. Il is 25
miles long, and ia tlie largest and most roraantic
lake in the interior of Switzerland.
Lucera, Punta de, cape on the N, coast of Spain,
Lon. 3° ff W. Lat. 43° 22' N.
Luchow, t. Hanover, 36 m. S. E. Luneburg.
Pop. 1,900.
Lucipara, or Lusipara, sraall isl. near the S.
coast of Banea. Lon. 106° 20' E. Lat. 3° 14' S.
Luckau, t. Prussian atates, 55 ra. N. Dresden.
Pop. 2,500.
Luckenwald, t. Prassian Saxony, 32 ra. S, Ber
lin, Pop. 3,500.
Luckett's, p-v. Orange co, Va,
Luckhore, t. Hind, in Bahar, 20 ra. N. E, Patna.
L^uckiduor, fort, Hind, in Bootan, Lon, 89° 20'
E. Lat, 26° Sff N,
Lucknow, district, Hind, in Oude, between 26°
and 27° N, lat.
Lwlmow, city, Hind, and cap, of Oude, on the

S, bankof the river Goomty, a branch ofthe Gan
ges, which ia navigable for middling sized boata
al all seasons of tho year. It is a very ancient
city, find was for a long period the residence ofthe
nabobs of Oude, In the vicinity of the city is the
dwelling of the British resident, and other Euror
pean inhabitants. The Church Miasionary Socie
ty have establiahed schools in this city, Lou, 80°
55' E. Lat 26° 24' N. Pop, estimated at 300,000.
Lucknowty. See Gaur.
Luckput Bunder, t. Hind, in Cutch, 30 m. up
the Lory river, which is navigable for small ves
sels, Lon. 68° 5ff E. Lat. 23° 47' N,
Luckypore, t. Bengal. Here the E. India com
pany have an extensive factory for the manufac
ture of coarse cotton cloths, Lon, 90° 43' E, Lat,
22° SffN.
Lucon, t. France, in La Vendee, 20 ra, W, Fon
tenay, Pop. 2,700. _ . .
Lucan, or L-uconia, the principal of the Philip
pine islands, in the Eastern aeaa, on which atanda
Manilla, the raetropolia. It ia 400 railea frora N. to
S, and frora 90 to 120 broad. The country ia for
the moat part mountainous. The climate ia moiat,
and the aoU fertile. Cotton, indigo, sugar, tobac
co, coffee, and generally all sorts of tropical pro
duce, grow in great abundance. Gold ia found in
every part of the island. The natives are goveriir
ed by the Spaniards with the most ridiculous se
verity. The most impolitic, useless, and ruinous
taxes are frequently imposed, with a total indiffer
ence to the interests of the people. The island
lies between 13° and 19° N.lat and 120° and 124°
E. lon. Pop, estimated al 900,000.
Lucos, (an. Lixus,) r. Morocco, which falla into
the Atlantic at Larache,
Lucotta, sraall isl, near the W, coast of Sumatra,
Lon, 97° 25' E, Lat 1° 4ff N,
Ludamar, country. Central Africa, bounded S.
by Kaarta and Bambarra, aud N, by the Sahara,
or Great Deaert, The inhabitants consist entirely
of Moora, ofthe most bigotted and intolerant char
acter, Benown ia the capital, Lon, 5° fo 8° W.
Lat 15°lo16°N,
Ludehaunah, t. and fortress. Hind, aituated on
the N. W. boundary ofthe province of Delhi, and
on the S, bank of the Sultelege, the most railitary
station which the British posaess in Hindostan.
180 m. N. N. W. Delhi. Lon: 75" 32' E. Lat 30°
6ffN. Ludenscheide, t Prusaian states, 28 ra. N, E,
Cologne, Pop, 1,360.
Luder, Gross, t, Germany, in Hease-Cassel, 7
ra. S. W. Fulda, Pop. 1,250.
Ludgersh$ll, t. Eng, in Wfltshire. It is a bo
rough, and sends two members to Parliament, 7 1
m. W, S. W, London. Pop. 487.
Ludlow, t Eng. in Shropshire, on the Teme.
Ludlow castle still bears marks of its former gran
deur. Ludlow sends two members to Parliament,
29 m. S, Shrewsbury, 32 N. W, Worcester, 142
N- W. London, Lon, 2° 42' W, Lat 62° 22' N.
Pop, 4,150,
Ludlow, p-t, Windsor co, Vt, 16 m, W, Wind
sor, Pop, 877,
Ludlow, t, Hampden co. Mass, 12 m, N. E,
Springfield, Pop, 730,
Ludlow, or Yellow Springs, Greene co, Ohio, 9
m. N, Xenia, It is a beautiful spot, and is ranch
frequented on account of its medicinal springs,
Ludlowvilk, p-t, Torapkins co, N, Y,
Ludwigsburg, t. Gerraany, in Wirtemberg, on
the Neckar, 7 miles N. Stuttgard,. Pop, 5,358,>

420

L U N

Ludwigsburg, t, Prusaian states, in Pomeram'a,
on a bay ofthe Baltic, 5 ra, E, N, E, Griefawald,
Ludwigslust, t. Germany, in Mechlinburg-
Schwerin, 22 m, S, Schwerin, Pop, 2,400,
Lufuna, r. Congo, in Africa, which faUa into the
Atlantic, in lat, 8° 26' S,
Lugo, t Russia, 97 ra, S, St Petersburg, Lon,
29° SffE, Lat 58° 25' N,
Lugano, or Louis, t. Switzerland, cap, of Tici
no, on the N, side of lake Lugano, 16 m, N, W,
Como, Lon, 8° 57' 35" E, Lat 45° 6ff 56'' N, Pop,
4,350, Lugano, lake, Switzerland, in the canton of the
Ticino, 25 miles long. It communicates with the
lake Maggiore by the river Tresa, and with the
lake Piano by the Canale Nuovo,
Lugg, r. Eng, which joins the Wye a few mUes
below Hereford,
Luggershall. See LudgershaU.
Lugny, t France, in Saone-and-Loire, 10 ra, N.
Macon, Pop. 1,160,
Lugo, city, Spain, in Galicia, near the Minho,
61 ra, E, Santiago, Lon, 7° 34' W, Lat 43° N.
Pop, 4,800,
Lugo, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiaatical atate, 15 ra,
8, Ferrara, Pop, 3,000,
Lugos, or Lugasch, t Hungary, on the Temes,
35 m, E, Temesvar, Pop, 4,600,
Lugtan, a river of Scotland, which issuea from
Loch Libo, in Renfrewshire, and falls into the
Garuock, Lugwardine, a parish of England, in Hereford
shire, 3 m, E. by N, from Hereford, Pop, 618.
Luhith, in Sao. Geog. t, ofthe Moabites,
Luino, t Austrian Italy, on the E, bank of the
lake Maggiore, 15 m, S, Locarno,
Luke's Kei/s, two small islands near the coast of
Honduraa, Long, 86° Sff W, Lat 16° 50' N.
Lulea, s-p, Sweden, at the mouth of th<^ Lulea,
a large navigable river. 68 ra. W. Tornea, Lon,
22° 4' E, Lat 66° Sff SO" N, Pop, 1,000,
Luka Lappmark, an extensive district of Swe-
disfa Lapland, tt takes its name from the river
Lulea, which flows through it. Pop, 22,000,
Lumberland, t. Sullivan co, N, Y, on Delaware
river. Pop, 625,
Lumbertan, p-l, and cap, Robeson co. N, C, 33
m, S, S. W, FayetteviUe, 31 fr. Winnefleld.
Lumello, t. Sardinian states, 44 ra. E, N, E, Tu
rin, Pop. 3,500,
Luna, Punta de, cape on the N, coastof Cuba,
Lon. 75° ff W, Lat 21° 12' N,
Lunan Bay, fine bay on the coaat of ScoUsuid,
in Forfarshire, at the mouth ofthe river Lunan, 4
m, S, Montrose. Lon, 4° 27' W. Lat. 56° 37' N,
Lunawaro, t Hind, in Gujerat Lon, 73° 46'
E, Lat 23° ffN,
Luncarty, or Loncarty, t. Scotland, 5 m. N.
Perth. Lund, or Lunden, t. Sweden, in Schonen, 5 m,
from the Baltic, In 1666, a university was found
ed bere by Charles XI. which has SOO students,
5 professora, a botanical garden, an anatomical
theatre, a cabinet of curioaitiea, and a library of
20,000 volumes. 21 m, E, Copenhagen, 38 S, W,
Christianstadt Lon, 13° 12' E, Lat, 55° 42' N,
Pop, 3,300,
Lunden, t. Denmark, 62 m, N,N.W, Hamburgh,
Limdenburg, or Brsedslav, t Moravia, on the
Theya, 36 m, E, Brunn, Pop, 1,500,
Lundy Island, isl, at the month of the Bristol
ohanncl off the coast of Devonshire, Eng, Lon,
'VffW. Lat51''2ffN,

L U S
Lune, r. Eng, which rans into the Tees below
Longton, Luneburg, a province in the N, W, part of Han
over, along the left bank of the Elbe, Extent,
4,236 sq, miles. Pop, 246,000, It is watered by
the AUer, the Ilmenau, the Oker, the Jeetze, and
the Fuhae, Wherever the soil has any considera
ble elevation, itis sandy, and apt to run into heath;
but, on the banks of the rivers, there are many
fertile districts,
Luneburg, t. Hanover, cap, of the above prov
ince, on the Ilmenau, 36 ra. S. E. Haraburg, 40 S.
Lubec, It carriea on a considerable frade in
horsea, and haa alao a very fine aalt-apring, from
which aalt ia manufactured in conaiderable quan
tities. Pop, 10,000,
Lund, t France, in Herault, 14 m, N, E, Mont
peUer, Pop, 4,200,
Lunen, t Prussian states, at the conflux of the-
Lippe and Lesick, 20 m. S, S, W. Munster. Pop,
1,050, Lunenburg, co. Nova Scotia, on Mahone bay,
which seta up from the Atlantic,
Lunenburg, t. Lunenburg co. Nova Scotia, 35
ra, S, W, Halifax, 27 N. by E, Liverpool,
Lunenburg, p-t Eaaex co. Vt, on Connecticut
river, 45 m. E, N, E. MontpeUer, Pop, 714,
Lunenburg, p-t. Worcester co, Masa. 25 m, N.
Worcester, 45 N, W. Boston. Pop. 1,371.
Lunenburg, co. in the S. part of Virginia. Pop,
12,265, Slaves, 7,155. At the court-house ia a
poat-oflice, 26 m. from Mecklenburg,
Luneville, t France, in Meurthe, near the
junction of the Vesoul and the Meurthe. It is
well known for the treaty concluded between Aus
tria and the French republic, on the 9th February,
1801. 12 m. E. S. E. Nancy, 80 W. Sti-asburg.
Lon. 6° 34' E. Lat 48° Sff N. Pop. 10,500.
Lungra, t. Naplea, in Uie BasiUcata, 10 m. S, S,
W. Casaano, Pop. 2,700.
Lunsenau, t. Saxony, 2 m, N, E, Penig, Pop,
1,150, Lunzey, t, Burman empire, on the W. bank of
the Irrawuddy river. Lon, 95° 10' E- Lat 18°
25' N.
Lupana, ial, of the Adriatic, near RE^oaa.
Lupato, raountaina in E. Africa, which extend
along nearly the whole of Mesambique and Zan
guebar parallel to the sea,
Luque, t Spain, in Cordova, 28 m, S. E. Cordc
va. Pop, 2,750-
Luray, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va.
Lure, t. France, 17 m, E, by N. Vesoul. Pop.
2,000, Lurgon, t. Ireland, in Arraagh co, 14 m, N, E.
Armagh. Jjurgon Green, v. Ireland, in Louth, 374 m. fr,
Dublin, Lurin, t. Peru, 18 ra, fr, Lima,
Lusan, t. Buenos Ayres, 30 m. W, Buenos A3rres,
Lon, 59° 2ff W, Lat, 34° Sff S,
Lusatia, formerly a province of Uie German
empire, with the title of a margraviate, lying be
tween the Elbe and the Oder, and surrounded by
Brandenburg, Bohemia, Sileaia, and part of Sax
ony, It was divided into Upper and Lower Lu
aatia, both ofwhich belonged to Saxony until 1815,
Extent of the whole, about 4,250 sq, railea. Pop.
about 465,000, Upper Luaatia forraed the south
ern and larger part of the raargraviate, and con
tained 2,300 sq, miles. The chief weaUh of this
country arises from its manufactures: among
Which are woollens, linen, cotton, leather, atock-

LUX

L Y M

421

ings, glovea and hats. By the treaty of Vienna,
the half of this province was annexed to Prussia,
and ia now included in the government of Lieg
nitz in Silesia, The part that remains to Saxony,
is computed at 1,170 sq. mflea, and the population
at 170,000, Lower Lusatia formed the northern
part of the margraviate, and now belonga entirely
to Pruaaia, Its surface is computed at 1,940 sq,
miles, Lusignan, t, France, in Vienne, 15 ra, S, W,
Poitiers, Lusigny, t France, in Aube, 9 m, S. E, Troyes,
Pop, 1,200.
Lusk, V. Ireland, in Dublin, 12 m. N. Dublin.
L'uso, smaU i. Italy, which runs into the Adri
atic, a UtUe N. of Rimini.
Lussac, t France, in Gironde, 6 ra, E, N. E,
Liboume, Pop, 2,100,
Lussac ks CImteoux, t France, 28 m, S. E. Poi
tiers, Pop, 1,400.
Lussac les EgliseSj t. France, in Upper- Vienna,
16 m. N. by E, Bellac. Pop, 1,300,
Lussaudiere, aeigniory, Buckinghara co. Lower
Canada, on the S, side of the St Lawrence, 20 m.
S, W. Three-Rivers.
L-ussin, Grande and PiccoU, two islands iu the
Adriatic, in the gulf of Quarnero, S. W, Cherso,
Population of Lussin Grande, 7,000,
Lutonger, small ial, near the S. coast of Minda
nao, Lon, 123° 15' E, Lat. 7° Iff N,
Luteefghur, or Luteefpare, fort, Hind, in Alla
habad, 14 m, S, Chunar.
Lmton, t Eng. in Bedford, on the river Lea, 31
m. N. W, London, Lon,0°25'W, Lat51°5ffN,
Lutry, t Swiaa canton of Vaud, on the lake of
Geneva, 3 ra, E, Lausanne,
Lutknburg, t Auatrian atatea, 116 S, Vienna,
Lon, 16° ff E, Lat 46° Sff N,
Lutterberg, t Hanover, on the Oder, 16 m, S,
Goaslar. Pop, 2,300,
Lutteringhausen, a large village ofthe Prussian
statea, in the duchy of Rerg. Pop. 1,700.
Lutterloh, t Orleans co. Vt. 34 m. N. Montpe
Uer. Pop, 101,
Lutterworth, t, Eng, in Leicester co. on the
Swift, 14 m. S, Leicester, 89 S. W. London, Lon,
1° 11' W, Lat, 52° 27' N. Pop. 1,848,
Lutzen, t. Prusaian Saxony, well known for the
battle in 1813, when the French, under Bona
parte, defeated the combined forces of Pruasia and
Russia, 1 1 m, W, S, W, Leipsic.
L-uxan, t. Peru, 18 leagues frora Liraa,
Luxemburg, province in the S. E. part of the
kingdom ofthe Netherlands, inclosed by the Prua
aian atatea on the Rhine, a part of the French
frontier, and the provincea of Namur and Liege,
Extent, 2,400 sq. milea. Pop. 226,000, composed
of Germana, French and Walloona, mostly Catho
lics. The country is mountainous and woody,
Luxemburg was erected, by the congress of Vi
enna in 1815, into a grand duchy, and ceded, as
a corapensation for his territory in Germany, to
the king of the Netherlands, who, in addition to
hia other tities, takea that of grand duke of Lux
emburg, Luxemburg, t Netherlanda, and capital of the
grand duchy of Luxemburg, It ia reckoned one
of the atrongest places in Europe. It is divided,
by the river Alaitz, into the Upper and Lower
Towu. The former ia built on a steep rock, out
of which the fortificationa are excavated; the
latter in a deep valley, 130 m, S, E, of Brussels,

and 220 S, E, by S, of Uie Hague, Lon, 6° ff E,
Lat, 49° 37' N, Pop, 9,000,
Luxeuil, t. France, in Upper-Saone, 37 m, N,
Besancon, Pop, 3,100,
Luxor, V. Upper Egypt, occupying part of the
site of ancient Thebes,
Luya and Chillaos, a province of Peru, contain
ing 3,500 inhabitants. The capital ia ofthe same
narae, Lon, 75° 41' W, Lat, 5° Sff S.
Luynes, t. France, in the Indre-and-Loire, 9 m,
W, Tours, Pop, 2,160,
Luz, or Beth-Lus, in Sac. Geog. t Palestine,
between Jerusalem and Sichem, It was the aeat
of Jeroboam's idolatrous worship, and is hence
called by the prophets Bethhaven (House of Idols,)
Luzara, t Austrian Italy, in the Milanese, on
the Po, 16 ra. S, Mantua, Pop. 1,500,
Luzarches, t France, in Seine-and-Oise, 20 m,
N. Paris, Pop, 1,700,
Luzerne, p-t, Warren co, N, Y, onthe Hudson, 7
m, S, W, CaldweU, 10 W, SandyhiU, Pop, 1,016,
Luzerne, co. Pa, inclosed by the counties of
Susquehannah, Wayne, Northampton, Northura
berland, Lycoraing and Bradford, Pop, 18,109.
Chieftown, Wilkesbarre.
Luzerne, t. Fayette co. Pa, on the Monongahe
la, 16 ra. N. W. Union. Pop. 1,538.
Luzko, or Luck, t Eu, Russia, in Volhynia, 176
ra, S, E, Warsaw, Lon, 26° 19' E, Lat, 50° 40'
N, Pop, 2,500,
Lychn, t, Prussia, in Brandenburg, 40 m. N.
Beriin. Pop. 1,150.
I/yck^ or OeUc, t East Prassia, 78 ra, S.E. Konigs
berg. Lon. 22° Sff E, Lat 63° Sff N. Pop. 1,900.
Lycaonia, in Sac. G eog. a country of Natolia,
between Paraphylia, Cappadocia and Pisidia. Its
principal cities were Lystra, Derbe and Tconiura.
The language of the Lycaonians waa peculiar,
and was a dialect of the Greek,
Lycia, in Sac, Geog, a country of Natolia,
bounded N, by Phrygia and Lydia, E- by Pam-
phyUa, S, by the Mediterranean, and W, by Caria,
Lycoming, co. Pa. incloaed by the counties of
Potter, Tioga, Bradford, Luzerne, Northuraber
land, Centre, Clearfield and M'Kean. Pop.
11,006. Chieftown, Willianisport
Lycoming, t. Lycoraing co. Pa. Pop. 795.
Lycoming creek, r. Pa, which runs into the W.
branch of the Susquehannah, between Williaras-
port and Newberry,
Lydd, t. Eng. in Kent It is a raeraber of the
Cinque Ports, being joined with Romney. 37 m.
S. E. Maidstone, 71 S. E. London. Pop. 1,504.
Lydda, in Sac. Geog. v. Palestine, near the
Mediterranclln, 14 m. N. E. Joppa, 32 W. Jeru
salem. Lydia, in Sac. Geog. province of Natolia, on the
jEgeaii sea, between Caria and Phrygia.
Lyman, t. York co. Maine, 25 ra. N. York, Pop.
1,248, Lyman, t. Grafton co. N, H, on Connecticut
river, IS m, above Haverhill, Pop. 948.
Lyme, p-t Grafton co. N. H, 11 m. N. E. Dart
mouth coUege. Pop. 1,670.
Lyme, p-t New London co. Ct on the E. side of
Connecticut river, at ita mouth, oppoaite Saybrook,
40 ra. E. New Haven, 40 S. E. Hartford. Pop.
4,321. It has 6 houses of public worship. The
shad fishery is carried on extensively at this place.
A nuraber of vesaels are owned here, which are
eraployed in the coasting trade.
Lyme, t. Jefferson co, N, Y, on Lake Ontario.

422

L Y N

L Y O

Lyme Regis, borough and seaport, Eng. in Dor
set, is chiefly reraarkable for its excellent artificial
harbour. 9 m, W, Bridport, 143 S, W. London,
Lon, 2°6ffW. Lat 50" 43' N, Pop. 1,925.
Lymfiord, a long narrow gulf of Denmark, in
North JuUand, which communicates with the
Cattegat, in lon, 10° iff E, lat 56° 5ff N, It runs
W. across the peninsula, untfl within a few milea
of the German ocean,
Lymingtan, a. borough and seaport, Eng, in
Hampshire, opposite Yarmouth, in the Isle of
Wight, long known for its salt-works, 18 m. S, W,
Southampton, 95 S, W, London, Lon, 1° Sff W,
Lat, 50° 4ff N. Pop, 2,641,
Lymme, a parish of England, in Cheshire, 5 m,
from Warrington, Pop, 1,908,
Lynchburg, p-t. and cap, Campbell co, Va, on
the S, bank of James river, 20 miles below the
great falls, where the river breaks through the
Blue Ridge, 12 m, N, CampbeU C, H, 12 E, N, E.
New London, 100 W. Richmond, 160 S.W, Wash
ington, AU these distances are measured in right
Unes, Lon, 79° 2ff W, Lat, 37° 30' 2ff'N, R was
estabUshed in 1786 ; in 1793 contained only five
housea ; was incorporated in 1805 ; and in 1813 the
town and vicinity contained a court-houae, jail,
market-house, 2 banks, 4 houses of pubUc wor
ship, 1 for Presbyterians, I for Methodists, 1 for
Friends, and 1 for Baptists ; 7 tobacco warehouses,
in which from 10 to 12,000 hogsheads of tobacco
were annually inspected ; 3 flour mills, 1 paper
mill, 1 carding machine, 3 cotton and woollen
manufactories, 44 dry goods' stores, 22 grocery
stores, 4 bookstores, and numerous other trading
and manufacturing establishments. The com
merce ofthe town extends lo the western counties
of Virginia, to Ohio, Kentucky, Tennessee and
Carolina, The productions of this fertile and
very extensive back country are brought to
Lynchburg, and carried down the river in bal-
teauxto Richmond. The principal articles are to
bacco, wheat, flour, hemp, bultier, whiskey, beef,
and live hogs. Pop, in 1813, estimated at 3,000 ;
in 1818, at 5,500, A marble raanufactory has
been established on Jaraes river, at this place.
Lynch lake, p-v. Williarasburg district, S, C,
Lyndeborough, t. Hillsborough co, N, H, 9 m,
N. W. Amherst, 35 S, Concord. Pop. 1,074.
Lyndhurst, t. Eng. in Southamptonshire, 94 m.
W. by S. Southampton. Pop. 1,015.
Lyndon, p-t. Caledonia co. Vt, 33 m, N. E.
MontpeUer, Pop, 1,090.
Lyne, r. ScoUand, in Pcebleshire, which falla
into the T'weed about 3 m. above Peebles.
Lynn, p-l. Essex co. Mass. on the coast, 9 m, N,
E, Boston, 6 S. W. Salem. Pop. 4,087. Il con
taina a bank, and 5 houses of public worship — 2
for Methodista, and 1 each for Congregationalists,
Baptists and Friends. This town has long been
noted for the manufacture of ladies' shoes. The
number made here iu 1811, was estiraated at
1,000,000 pairs. They are sent in large quantities
to the aouthern atates and W. Indies. Lynn Beach
is regarded as a curiosity. It connects the penin
sula of Nahant with the raain land, and is a fa
vourite plaoe of resort for parlies of pleasure frora
Boston, Salem and Marhlehead,
-L.ynn, t Lehigh CO, Pa, Pop, 1,497,
Lynn creek, p-l. Giles co, Tennessee,
Lynncanal, inlet on the N,W, coast of America,
extending, in a northerly direction, about 60 milea
from the north extreraity of Chatham atrait. Lon.
ofthe S, enfrance, 226° 12' E, Lat, 58° 12' N,

Lynr]ficldi t Easex, co, Maas, 10 m, W, Salem^
1 1 m, E, Boaton, Pop. 509,
Lynnhaven bay, onthe coastof Va, at the S. end
of Cheaapeake bay, 7 ra. W. Cape Henr^. Here,
in 1781, the Count de Grasae raoored the principal
part of his fleet al the blockade of Yorktown.
Lynn Regis, or King's Regis, a borough, Eng.
in Norfolk, on the Ouae, near its mouth. It sends
two members to parliament, 15 m. N, E, Wis-
bcach, 20 S. W, Bumhara Market, 96 N, by E,
London, Lon, 0° 25' E, Lat, 62° 46' N. Pop.
10,096, Lynn river, r. Norfolk co. Up, Canada, which
erapties into Lake Erie, in Woodhouae, It affords
a good harbour for batteaux,
Lyon, Loch, lake, Scotland, which diachargea
itaelf into the 'Pay, 2 m, below Kenmore,
Lyong, smaU isl. in the Eastern seas, near Oby,
Lon. 128° 14' E. Lat 1° 39' S.
Lyons, or raore properly Lyon, a large and cele
brated city of France, before the revolution, cap.
of a province caUed Lyonnois, and now cap. of
the department of the Rhone. It is built al the
conflux of the Rhone and Saone. The houses are
for the raoat part of hewn atone, and are generaUy
tive or aix atories high, built in a heavy atyle of
architecture, remarkable for nothing but its soUd-
ity. There are 4 public squares, one of which,
called ia Place de BeUecaur, ia entitled to rank
among the finest in Europe. Among the literary
inatitutiona, are an academy of sciences, founded
in 1700, and an academy of fine arts, in 1724.
The pubUc library is said to contain about 120,000
volumes. Lyons is the first raanufacturing town
in France, and ia particularly noted for ita silks.
In former years it auppUed a great part of Europe
with ailk goods. In 1'789, the number of bales of
raw silk consumed in France, was about 12,000,
of which three-fourths were used at Lyons, Its
manufacturea were greatiy injured during the
troublea of the revolution. In 1800, the quantity
of ailk used in France was only 5,5f)0 bales, of
whichLyons used frora 3,000 to 4,000, Tbe other
manufactures suffered in proportion. The num
ber of looms al Lyons for velvet, silk, gauze, crape
and thread, was, at the commencement of the rev
olution, 9,335, and the persons employed 58,600;
in 1803, there were 7,01)0 looms, bul only 1,5153 at
work. The large manutactory of felt hats, which'
forraerly eraployed 8,000 hands, had fallen to
1,500. The printing and bookselling of this place
are next to Paria in importance. The merchants
of Lyons have very extensive connections ; they
trade with Spain, Italy, Holland, Switzerland,
and even with the states of the north. From Spain
they import fine wool; from Italy, large quantities
of raw silk. Their transactions with the Levant
were al one time extensive. There are four an
nual fairs, in January, May, August, and Novem
ber, all well frequented. Within a few years, the
fine silk manufactures are beginning to resume
their former activity. The orders for goods in
1 818 could scarcely be answered, and the quantity
exported in that year, waa valued at 60,000,000
franca. Pop. before the revolution, 150,000; at
one period since it was reduced to about 80,000;
but is at present nearly 120,000, The town is the
see of an archbishop, and the aeat of the provin
cial courts, 190 ra. N. by W, MaraeiUea, 280 S,
S, E. Paris, 300 E. N, E. Bourdeaux, Lon. 4° 49'
E. Lat45°4ffN.
Lyons, p-t, Ontario co, N, Y. on the Erie canal,
25 ni, N, E, Canandaigua, 16 m, N, Geneva, The

MAC
village is handsomely buflt, and is the seal of con
siderable trade,
Lyons, Gulfof, the N, W, part of the Mediter
ranean sea, extending along the S. of France,
from the coast of Catalonia on the W, to the gulf
of Genoa on the E.
Lyptttsi. See Liptau.
-fyj/s, r. Netherlands, in W,Flanders, which, after
a course of 100 ra. faUa into the Scheldt at Ghent.

MAC

423

Lysander, t, Onondaga co, N. Y, on Onondago
river, al the confluence of the Seneca, 20 m, N,
Onondago, 17 frora Oawego, Pop, 624
Lysburg, t, France, in Paa de Calaia, 10 ra, S,
S, W, Afre,
Lystra, in Sac, Geog, city of Lycaonia ; soffle,
however, assign il lo Isauria,
Lythe, t, Eng, in YorlHiire, 4 m. W, N, W,
Whitby, Pop, 991, •

M.

Maades, See Maden.
Maadie, lake Lower Egypt, between Aboukir
and Alexandria, communicating with the Medi
terranean and witli the lake Mareotis,
Maar, small isl. near the S, coast of Cerara,
Lon, 13° 2ff E. Lat. 3° 30' S.
Maarra, t Syria, 45 m, S. S, E, Aleppo,
Maosluys, t. Netherlands, in Holland, on an arm
ofthe Maese, 10 ra. W, Rotterdara. Pop. 6,500.
Maasae, isl. Norwegian Lapland, near the North
Cape. Lat. 70° Sff 64" N.
Maca, V. W. Africa, on the Senegal, 20 ra. from
ita mouth.
Mac Allister's cross-roads, p-v. Montgomery co.
Ten. .Macao, t. China, on a peninaula, or rather an
island in the bay of Canton. It belonga to the
Portuguese, and ia the only European settiement
within the Umita of the Chinese erapire. The
English and other nations have factories here.
Macao is a place of sorae extent ; the streets are
narrow and irregular ; the houses are built of
stone, on the European plan, but not elegantly.
Vessels of burden cannot enter the harbour ; but
muat anchor six or seven miles to the east. The
place is defended by strong forts, mounted with
heavy Cannon; but the Portuguese garrison sel
dora exceeds 250. Veasels destined for Canton,
are commonly detained about twenty-four hours
in Macao roads, tUl the Chinese government send
out a pilot, and permission to enter the Tigris.
Thia was at one time a place of the greatest im
portance to the Portuguese, being the centre of
their trade, not only with China, but with Japan,
Siam, Cochin-China, and all the countries in this
part of .Asia. Since the general decline of their
Indian trade, which haa been proaecuted by other
nationa with auch superior success and activity,
Macao has sunk into a place of comparatively lit
tie importance. Lon. 1 13° 32' E. Lat 22° 10' N.
Macao, t. Portuguese Eatremadura, 12 m. E, N,
E, Abrantes. Pop, 2,000,
Macara, r. Peru, which entera the Catamayu,
in lon. 18° 5ff W, lat 4° 22' S.
Macare, isl. at the mouth ofthe Oronoco,
Macari. See Macri.
Macarsca, on the coaat of Austrian Dalraatia,
opposite the islands of Leeaina and Braaaa, 36 m,
S. E. Spalatro. Pop. 1,600,
Macartney, Point, cape of a large ialand, on the
N.W, coast of America. Lon, 226° 12' E, Lat
57° 14' N.
Macas, r. Portugal, which runs into the Atlan
tic, in lon, 9° 25' W. lat 38° 51' N.

JV/«cas, district of the province and government
of Quixos and Macas, in yS. America, being the
most easterly part of the kingdora of Quito. Ma
cas, the capital, formerly called Sevilla del Oro,
on account of its riches and gold minea, is 138 m.
S. of Quito. Lou. 77°4ffW.. Lat 2° 28' S.
Macassar, the chief settlement of the Dutch in
the island of Celebes, is on the S. W. coast, and
naraed by thera Fort Rotterdara. The fort, which
is irregular and ancient, ia considered by the na
tives as irapregnable. "The settlement is flouriah
ing ; end Chineae junka from this place carry on
a direct trade with China, so that the raixed pop- /
ulation, of Dutch and half-casts, Chinese and na
tives is very considerable. In 1810, the settiement
surrendered to the British without any reaiatance ;
bul was again surrendered to the Dutch in 1814.
Lon. 119° 4ff E. Lat. 6° 9' S.
Macassar, Straits of, the channel between Bor
neo and Celebes, about 350 railes long, and from
110 lo 140 milea wide.
Macau, I. France, in Gironde, on the Garonne,
10 m. N, Bourdeaux, Pop. 1,300.
Macavley's store, p-v. Montgomery co. N. C.
Macclesfield, a large and populous raanufactu
ring town of Cheshire, in England, Its manufac
tures consist chiefly of cotton goods, wrought but
tons, of ailk, raohair, and twist, ofwhich trade this
town has always been the centre, Coala are found
in the immediate neighbourhood ofthe town, 12
ra. S, of Stockport, 11 W. Buxton, 19 S, Manchea
ter, 12 E, Knulsford, 167 N, W. London. Lon.
2° ff W. Lat. 55° 15' N. Pop. 12,299.
Maccleifteld Shoals, shoals in the Eastern seas,
Lon. 113° 4ff to 114° 5ff E, Lat 15° 2ff to 16°
Iff N. »
Mae CaU's bridge, p-v. York co. Pa.
Mac Cawn's stare, p-v. Hawkins atore. Ten.
Mac Connelsburg, p-t. Bedford co. Pa, Here
is a raedicinal spring. 26 ra, from Hageratown
Md, Mac Connelsvilk, t, and cap. Morgan co, Ohio,
on the Muskingum, 25 m, S. E, ZanesviUe,
Mac Culkch's mills, p-v. Albemarle co. Va,
Mac Cullochsville, p-v. Union co, S. C.
Mac CutchensmUe, p-v. Pickaway co. Ohio.
MacdonielsviUe, p-v. Spartan district, S. C,
Macdonough, t Chenango co, N- Y.
' Macduff, t. Scotland, in Banff, which has one of
the best harbours in Moray frith. Pop. 1,200.
Macedon, or Macedonia, province, Eu. Turkey,
extending from 39° 53' to 42° 4' of N. latitude, and
bounded by Servia, Romania, Thesaaly, the Ar
chipelago, and Albania. Extent, 16,780 sq, mUes,

424

MAC

MAC

Pop, 700,000, The soil is in general fertile, and the
cUmate serene and healthy. In the southeru dia
tricta, and particularly on the coaat, are produced
great quantities of corn, cotton, wine, oil, and to
bacco. But tlie wealth of the country at large lies
in ita flocks of sheep, whose wool is ingreat request.
Upwards of 1 50,000 bales of it, to the value of nearly
1,500,000/, sterUng, are annuaUy exported to Ger-
. many, France, and Italy, through the medium of
the port of Salonica,
Macer, r. Tripoli, which runs into the Mediter
ranean, 20 m, E, Lebida,
Macerata, t. Italy, in the atates of the church.
It is the aeat ofa univeraity, and the see ofa biahop.
20 m. S. Ancona, 100 N. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13°
26' E. Lat 43° 18' N. Pop, 10,000,
Macerata di M. Feltra, t. Italy, in the Popedom,
10 m, N, W, Urbino, Lon, 12° 35' E, L-at 43°
4ffN, Mac Farland's, p-v, Lunenburg co, Va,
Mac Gahey's town, p-v, Rockingham co, Va.
Macliai, r. Quito, which enters the Pastaza, in
lat 1° 27' S,
Mochala, t. Quito, 55 m, N, N, W, Loxa, Lon,
79° W, Lat 3° Iff S,
Maehangara, r. Quito, which falls into the
Turabaco on the W, side, in lat 10° S,
Machecoul, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 18
ra, S, W, Nantea. Lon, 1° 44' W, Lat 47° N,
Pop, 1,900,
Mockery, .district. Hind, iu Agra, Machery,
the capital, ia in lon. 77° 16' E, lat 27" 35' N,
Machian, one of the Molucca islands, near the
W, coast of Gilolo, It ia 18 miles in circumfer
ence. The principal articles of comraerce are
cloves and sago. It is situated a little N. of the
line, Lon, 1^7° 21' E,
Machiano, isl. S, America, at the raouth of the
Amazon, about 15 miles long, and S broad. It
Ilea nearly under the line, Lon, 67° 2' W,
Machias, r, in the S, E, part of Maine, formed
of two branches, the eastern and weatern, which
unite at a place within the town of Machiaa, caU
ed the Rim. After the junction of the two
branchea, the river widens into a bay called Ma
chiaa bay, which communicatea with the ocean at
Cross island, 6 railea below. There are falls on
each of the branches, about three railes above
their confluence, wluch afford nuraerous seats for
mills, Machias, p-t, port of entry, and cap. Washing
ton CO. Maine, on Machias bay, 40 ra. W. S. W,
Eastport, 236 N, E, Portiand, Lat 44° 40' N,
Pop, in 1810, 1,570 ; in 1826, 2,033, The princi
pal settlement is at the falla of the west branch of
Machias river. It contains the court-house and
other county buildings. At the falls of the east
branch of the river, ia another considerable vil
lage. There is a poat-office at each of the aettie
menta, Machiaa ia a thriving town, and carriea
on considerable trade, principally in lumber.
There are 26 saw-mills within the town, which
cut, on an average, upwards of 10,000,000 feet of
boards in a year,
Machichaco, Cape, Spain, on the coaat of Bia-
cay, Lon, 2° 47' W, Lat, 43° 2ff N,
Machigosta, aettlement, S, America, in Tucu
man, 50 m, W, S, W, St, Fernand,
Machnowka, t. Eu, Russia, in Kiev, 60 m, E,
Braclaw, Pop, 2,350,
Machrianich Bay, ScoUand, on the W, coast of
Kintyre, Lon, 5° 4ff W, Lat. 56° 27' N,
Machynlleth, t Wales, in Montgomery co, 18

m, N, E, Aberyatwith, 206 N, W, London, Lon.
3° 51' W, Lat 52° Sff N, Pop, 1,252,
Mociuccali, t Italy, 8 m. S, W, Lucca.
Mackenzie, Point, cape, on the N, W, coast of
America, in Cook'a Inlet Lat 61° 13' N,
Mackenzie's river, one of the largest rivers in
N, America. It forma the outlet of Slave lake,
and falls into the Frozen ocean, in about lat 70°
N, and lon, 135° W, Its most distant sources are
Unjigah or Peace river, and Athapescow or Elk
river. Its whole course is about 2,000 miles,
Mackermore, amall isl, near the W. coast of"
Scotiand, Lon, 6° 43' W, Lat 55° 67' N,
Mackintosh, co. Geo, on the coast at the mouth
of the Alatamaha, Pop. 3,739, Slaves, 2,957,
Chief town, Darien. At the court-house is a
post-oflice, 12 ra. N. Darien.
Mac Kean, co. Pa. bounded N. by New York,
E. by Potter co. S. by Clearfield and Jefferson
countiea, and W. by Warren co. Pop. 142.
Chief town, Cereslown.
Mackeysville, p-v. Burke co- N. C.
Mackinaw. See Michillimackinac.
Mac Mohan's creek, r. Ohio, which runs int»
the Ohio, 5 m. below Wheeling.
Mac Minvilk, p-l. and cap. Warren co. West
Tennessee, S. E. NashviUe.
Macoar, district. Hind, in Berar, between 20"
and 21° N. lat. It belongs to the Nizam.
Mackwo, t. Hind, in Cicacole. Lon, 83° 24' E.
Lat 18° 33' N,
Moclohsaul, t Hind, in Berar, Lon. 77° 34' E.
Lat. 22° 4' N.
Mocleod's Maidens, rocka in the Caledonian
sea, near the W. coast of the island of Skye, Lon.
6°Sff W, Lat57°2ff N,
Macagna, fort, W. Africa, at the mouth of the
Rio St Doraingo, Lon. 12° 20' N,
Macoketch, c. Missouri Territory, which faUs
into the Mississippi, in lat 42° 23 N,
Macomb, co. Michigan Territory, on the river
Huron of St Clair. Chief town. Mount Cle
mens. Macomite, r. New Granada, which enters the
ocean, in lat 11° 20' N.
Macon, t France, cap. of Saone-and-Loire,
is on the right bank of the Saone. The chief
trade of Uie town is in the wine of the sur
rounding country. 42 ra. N. Lyons, 260 S. E.
Paris. Lon. 4° 50' E. Lat 46° Iff N. Pop.
11,000. Macon, r. which rises in Arkansaw Territory,
and flowing S, into Louisiana, joins the Tensaw.
Maconsville, or Dancey's, p-v, Northampton co,
N, C.
Macoupin, r. Illinois, which flows into the Mis-'
sissippi, Macouria, r. Guiana, which runs into the At
lantic, in lon, 63° 46' W, lat 5° N,
MocawaU, t Hind, in Lahore. Lon, 75° 55' E,
Lat. 31° 14' N,
Macquarrie Island, iaL in the Pacific ocean,
18 m, long, and 6 broad, discovered in 1811, by
sorae resolute adventurers frora New HoUand,
Lon, 169° E, Lat 52° 41' S,
Macri, or Makri, s-p. Asia Minor, al the bottom
of a gulf of the same name. The harbor is excel
lent, and the gulf affords deep waler, and a safe
navigation, 125 m, S, E, Smyrna, Lon, 29°.gp'
E, Lat 36° Sff N,
Macri, Cope, Eu, Turkey, in the Archipelago,
Lon. 25° 46' E, Lat 40° 27' N.
Macronisi. Cranae, or Helen, small isl. Greece.

MAD
at the S, exfremity of Attica, Lon, 24° 17' E,
Lat 37° 38' N, It ia not inhabited, but affords
paaturage for sheep,
Macswine's Bay, Ireland, 11 m, W, Donegal,
Lon, 8° 17' W, Lat 5-4° Sff N,
• Maclan Isle, one of the smaller Philippine isl
anda, about 10 railes in circumference, Lon, 123°
4ffE, Lat 10° SffN,
Macula, bay, on the S. coast of Arabia, about
55 leagues E. N, E, Cape Aden, Lon, 47° Sff E,
Lat 14° ffN,
Macumba, or Sacumba, province of Mocaranga,
in E, Africa.
Macuna, one of the Navigator's islands, in the
Pacific ocean. Lon, 169° W, Lat 14° 19' S.
• Macungy, t. Lehigh co. Pa, Pop, 2,420,
Mocupa, t Zanguebar, in E, Africa, 5 ra, N, W,
Mombaca. Mac Veytown, p-v, Mifflin co. Pa,
Mada, t Hungary, 5 ra, N, Tokay, Lon, 21°
17' 12" E, Lat 48° 1 1' N.
Madagascar, ial, iu the Indian ocean, separated
from Africa, by a channel 270 railea wide in its
narrowest part, called the channel of Mozam
bique, It extenda from 12° 2' to 25° 40' S. lat It
ia about 840 milea long, from N. to S. and is inter
sected throughout its whole length by a chain of
very lofty mountains. The forests contain a pro
digioua variety of moat beautiful trees. Timber
fit for maats and ship-building, is abundant. Iron
minea of excellent quality are dispersed through
out the mountainous districts. The island has a
£ne soil, Emd a genial cUmate, The soil enables
the earth, with very little tillage, to produce the
moat abundant crops. Rice is the vegetable
chiefly cultivated, and the staple food of the in
habitants. Potatoes are also a considerable ob
ject of culture. Under European cultivation,
Uie number of products might be infinitely va
ried. The augar cane ia raised with particular
success. Silk in great abundance is produced
spontaneously. The sheep yield a very fine wool.
"The cocoa nut, the banana, and other useful
frees, flourish here, to which are added a number
of species peculiar to the isl-and. The population
has been variously eatimated from 1,600,000 to
4,000,000. The inhabitants are of a considerable
variety of races, much intermingled with each
other. But it ia Still poaaible to diacover the race
of real negroes, having flat features and woolly
hair, as on the coaat of Africa, Some of these
claim ^heir deacent from the Arabs, others from
the Jews, The former profess the Mahometan
religion, Tho French made several fruitless at
tempts to forra setUements on the island. Their
most perraanent establishraent was at Fort Dau
phin, in the S, E. quarter,
Madalena River. See Magdalena.
Madalena Island, small ial, in the Pacific, near
the S, coast of Chiloe, Lat, 44° 15' S.
Madalena, La, bay, on the W, coaat of CaUfor
nia, Lon, 247° 56' E, Lat 24° 53' N,
Madalena, La, ial, in the Pacific ocean, 11
leagues iu circuraference, Lon, 141° 9' 15" W.
Lat 10° 25' 30" S,
Madalena, La, small isl, near the N, coast of
Sardinia, Lon, 9° 35' E, Lat, 41° Iff N,
Madan, Point, cape, on the N. W, coast of
America, in Prihce Ernest's sound, Lat, 56°
22'N, Madaras, t Hungary, 38 m. W, bv S. Debrec-
zin. Pop, 3,200.

MAD

425

Modbury, t Strafford co, N, H, 11 m, N, W,
Portsmouth, Pop. 582,
Maddakni, t Naples, in the Terra di Lavoro,
10 m, S, E, Capua, 13 N, E, Naples, Pop, 10,400.
Maddinsborovgh, t. Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, 10 m, S, E, Three-Rivera,
Mttddinsborough, t. Miasouri, 15 m, S, St, Gene
vieve, Madeira, isl. off the N, W. coast of Africa, It
is 54 miles long and 21 broad, and contains 1,100
sq, milea. Il belongs to the Portuguese, In 1807,
however, when the Portuguese government were
corapelled to emigrate to Brazil, Britain occupied
the island iu trust for her ally, and in that capa
city has since continued to hold it — Madeira con
sists altogether of a collection of lofty mountains,
the highest of which rises upwards of 5,000 feet
above the level of the sea. On the declivity- of
these mountains, all the productions of the island
are raised. The lower slopes are covered with
vines, the loftier summits with forests of pine and
chesnut. The isle produces wheat, barley, and
oats ; but in auch small quantity, that two-thirds
of the conauraption of grain raust be drawn from
the Azores, and frora America, The population
is estimated by Mr. Barrow at 90,000. — The com
raerce of the island consists almost entirely in the
export of its wine, to the annual amount of frbm
16,000 to 17,000 pipes. The best is that caUed
London particular Madeira ; the second, which is
infiDrior,' is , called London market ; the third is
that suited to the India raarket; the fourth is for
Uie New York market ; and there is a fifth, and
still inferior kind, which is called cargo. The
prices of these wines have experienced an extra
ordinary rise within the last tweg^-five years.
That of the best kind, or London particular, has
since 1793 been at the foUowing rates per pipe :
1793, 35/,; 1798, 42/,; 1806, 44/,; 1811, 54/.
— The importa from Great Britain araounted in
1809) to 518,148/. of which nine-tenths consisted
of British raanufactures. The Araericans alao ira-
port proviaions, lumber, &c. to the value of about
|590,000, Adjacent to Madeira is Porto Santo, a
smaUi island, rather high, and with a good road
atead ; and the Deaertas, which, as their name
imports, are uninhabited. Theae, with Madeira
itaelf, compoae the group of the Madeiraa. Fun
chal, the capital, is in lon. 17° 6' W. lat 32° 37' N,
Madeley Market, t. Eng, in Shropshire, near the
Severn, IS m. E. Shrewsbury, 148 N, W, Lon
don, Lon, 2° 28' W, Lat 52° SffN, Pop, 6,076.
Maden, t Armenia; on the Tigris, 60 ra. N, Di
arbekir, '
Madera, r|which rises in Buenos Ayres, near
Cochabamba, in lat, 18° S. under the nameof Con-
derillo. It passes under various naraes into Bra
zil, and enters the Amazon in lat. 3° 24' S- lon. 60°
40' W, Its length ia about 1,600 milea, and it ia
the principal tributary of the Amazon,
Madian, or Midian, v. Hedajas, in Arabia, near
the head, of the Red sea, 20 ra, N, Moilah.
Madighery, t India, belonging to the rajah of
Mysore, Lon, 77° Iff E. Lat 13° Sff N,
Modigheshy, fort, India, belonging to the rajah
of Mysore. Lon, 77° 16' E. Lat, 13° 4ff N,
Madinga, r. America, in the isthmus of Darien,
which runs into the Spanish Main, in IpP, 78° 48'
E' lat 9° 22' N,
Madison, t. Somerset co. Maine, on the Kenne
beck, 9 ra. N, Norridgewock, Pop. 686,
Madison, co, N. Y. inclosqi? by the counties of

54

426

MAD

MAD

Oneida, Otaego, Chenango, Cortlandt, and Onei
da lake. Pop. 25,144. Chief town, Cazenovia.
Madison, p-t. Madison co. N. Y. 20 ra. S. W.
Utica, 113 W. Albany. Pop. 2,229. It containa
2 churchea, 1 for CongregationaUsta, and 1 for
Baptista. .
Madison, co. Va. inclosed by Culpeper, Orange,
and Shenandoah counties. Pop. 8,381. Slaves,
3,970. At the court-house ia a poat-office.
Madison, t. Madiaon co. Va. 45 m. fr. Freder
icksburg. Madison, t Amherst co. Va. on Jamea river, op
poaite Lynchburg.
Madison, co, in the N. part of Geo. Chief
town, Danielsville. The springs in this county
ure 6 m. from Danielsville, and are rauch fre
quented. Madison, p-t, and cap. Morgan co, Geo.
Madison, co. Alabaraa, onthe N, aide of Ten
neaaee river. Chief town, Huntsville.
Madison, p-t. Rhea co. "Ten.
Madison, co. Ken. Chief town, Richmond.
Madison, co. Ohio. Pop. 1,603. Chief town.
New London.
Madison, t. Butler co. Ohio, on Miarai river, 14
ra. above Hamilton.
Madison, t Clark co. Ohio. Pop, in 1819, 755.
Madison, t. Columbiana co. Ohio, Pop. 539.
Madison, t Fairfield co. Ohio, 7 ra. S. Lancas
ter. Madison, t Fayette co. Ohio.
Madison, t. Franklin co. Ohio, 10 m. S.E. Co
lumbus. Pop. in 1819, 950.
Madison, t. GaUia co. Ohio, Pop. 170.
Madison, p-t Geauga co, Ohio, on lake Erie, at
the mouth of ijrand river,
Madison, tPGuernsey co, Ohio, 10 m. N. E,
Cambridge, Pop, 240,
Madison, p-t Hamilton co, Ohio,
Madison, t. Highland co. Ohio. Pop. 430.
Madison, t Jackson co. Ohio.
Madison, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Madison, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 8 m, W.
Dayton, Madison, t. Perry co, Ohio, 7 ra, N, E, Som
erset Madison, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, 10 m, N, Cir
cleviUe, .Pop, 406,
Madison, t. Richland co, Ohio,
Madison, t. Scioto co, Ohio, 10 ra, N. E, Ports
raouth, Pop. 307.
Madison, p-t. and cap, Jefferaon co, Indiana, on
the Ohio, 45 m, above the falla, 75 below Cincin
nati: Pop, in 1819, 1,300, It haa a bank, a
5>rinting-office, and 2 churchea, 1 for Methodiats,
and 1 for Presbyterians, It has grown rapidly
for three or four yeara, and ia the second town in
size in the State,
Madison, co, IlUnois, on the Mississippi, oppo
site the mouth of the Missouri, Pop, in 1818,
5,456, Chief town, Edwardaville, At the court
house is a post-otfice,
Madison, r. Miaaouri Territory, one ofthe forks
of the river Misaouri.
MadisonviUe, p-t. St Tammany co. Louisiana,
on lake Ponchartrain, al the mouth of the Che
funcli, 27 m. N. New Orleans, 127 N. Natchez.
Madisonville, p-t, and cap. Hopkins co. Ken,
Madjar, Madjak, or ./Imoul Oubsa, great lalce,
Siberia, in Toilwk,
Madmannah, i)i. Sao, Geog. t. in the tribe of
Beujnmin,

Madona, amall isl, in the Mediterranean, 5 m.
S, W, Nyaari, , Lon, 26° 49' E, Lat. 36° 31' N.
Madras Terriidfry, country, India, which has
gradually increased within the iMt 70 years, frora
a barren alip of land of 5 miles in lei^h, to the
extent of a very large and populoua kingdom.
The countries subject to the Rritiah presidency
of Fort St. George, or Madras, now comprehend
nearly the whole of India south of the river Kist
nah, and the extensive province denominated the
Northern Circara ; within these boundaries, how
ever, there are stUl three native princes, who col
lect the revenues, and exercise a certain degree
of authority in their respective states ; but are
wholly dependent on the British govemment, are
protected by a military force, and pay a large an
nual tribute. These princes are the rajahs of
Mysore, Travancore, and Cochin. The revenues
of Madras arise principally from the land, but the
charges exceed the receipts by above S00,000/.
per annum,
Madras, a celebrated city and fortreas of the
south of India, and cap. of the British posseaaions
in that quarter. It ia aituated on a flat sandy
ahore, where the surf runs with extreme rio-
1 ence, Madras was taken by the French in 1744,
but restored to the Britiah, iu 1749, aince which
it has been gradually improved, and is now one of
the sfrongeat forfresaea in India, All the officea of
government, and courta of jnatice, are in the fort,
which is caUed Fort St George. — The native, or
black town, ia north of the fort, at the distance of
nearly a mile. It is surrounded by fortificationa
sufficient to repel any sudden attack. In 1794,
the population was estimated at 300,000. The
government of Madras is subordinate to the su
preme government of BengEd. A college has
been lately instituted, for insfruct-mg the jun
ior civil servants in all of the native langua
gea. The soil in the vicinity of Madiaa is very
poor, and forraerly provisions were very scarce
and dear. Considerable trade is cEirried on with
Europe, Cfaina, Ceylon, New Holland, and differ
ent pEu-ts of India ; but owing to the want of a
navigable river, and the difficulty of lauding
goads, the town labours under great disadvanta
ges. The black town is inhabited by persons
frora all parts of the world, who are left to the free
enjoyment of their religion. It containa Era Ar
menian and Portuguese church, a raoaque, and
severEd Hindoo templea. There sire 12 missiona
ries at Madras in the employment of the English
Missionarj' Societies, They have established a
printing press, and several schools. The climate
ia very hot, but not unhealthy. Lon. 80° 25' E,
Lat, 13° 5' N.
Madre de Dios, isl, near the coast of Patagonia,
180 milea in circumference. Lon. 77" 46' W. Lat
51° S.
Madre de Dios. See Resolution.
Madre de Popa, t. New Gi'auada, 54 m. E.Car-.
thagena. Madrid, the capital of Spain, ia aituated near
the centre of the kingdom, in New Castile, neai'
the small river Manzanares, about 300 miles from
the aea on each side. It atanda on several emi-
nencea in the centre of a large plain, which is
elevated 2,200 feet above the level of the aea, so
that Madrid is the raost elevated capital in Eu
rope. It is surrounded by a high earUicn wall,
but haa no ditch, or any other raeans of'defeuce.
The old streets are niirrow and crooked, but ma-

MAE

M A (5

435

ny others are wide, sfraight, and regular; they
are now kept clean, and well lighted. The pri-
¦<rate houses of Madrid are uniform, and have very
littie striking in their exterior ; they are gener
ally low, with grated windows. The public
buildings are not remarkable for their architec
ture. The most splendid is the royal palace, which
ia of a square form, its walls extending each waj
404 feet, and having 86 feet in height : the in
closed court ia 120 feet square. It is sfrongly
built ; its waUs are thick ; its foundations deep ;
its pillars atrong; and every room is vaulted, no
wood being admitted into its construction. It is
elegEmUy cmarnenled on the butaide ; the stair
case is grand, and the apartmenta apacioua. par-
ticulsu-ly the hall of audience to foreign arabaasa-
dors. This palace contains a large collection of
painting by the best masters of Flanders, Italy,
and Spain; also the crown, jewels, and other re-
gaUa. — Madrid enjoya almost always a cloudless
sky, and a pure and serene atmosphere -, but the
air is extremely keen, a^d producea very aevere
effects on weak constitutions. The population,
including militarj', clergy, and strangers, is near
ly 200,000. BuU fighta are the favourite amuse
ments of all ranka. There are academies for
the study of hiatory, Emd for painting, aculp-
ture, and architecture; alao for the Spanish
language. The royal library contains above
100,000 volumes, — The hoapitala and other char
itable institutions, are nuraerous, — Madrid ia not
an ancient city. The court of Spain was not
permanently fixed here tiU 1563, 650 ra. S. S. W,
Paris, 850 W. by S, Rome, Lou. 3° Sff 8" W,
Lat40°2ff7"N, Madrid, p.t St Lawrence co, N. Y. on the riv
er St, Lawrence, 60 ra. below Kingston, 1 10 above
Montreal, Pop, 1,420, It contains the village of
Hamilton. Madrigal, t Spain, in Old Castile, 35 ra, S, S,
W. Valladolid, Pop, 1,250,
Madrigal, city. New Granada, 35 leaguea S,
^Pojpayan. Modrikjos, t, SpEiin, in New Castile, 63 m, S,
Madrid, 43 S. S, W, Toledo. Lon, 3° 32' W, Lat,
39° 27' N, Pop. 8,000.
Mad river, r. N. H. which falla into the Pemige-
Wasset, at Campion.
Mad river, r. Ohio, which runs into the E. side
of the MJEimi, at Dayton.
Mad river, t. Chsunpaign co. Ohio. Pop. in
1815, 570.
Mad river, t. Chirk co. Ohio. Pop. in 1 819, 7 IS.
Madragan, t. Mocaranga, in E. AfricEL Lon.
29°30'E. Lat 18° S.
Madura, a district of the south of India, be
tween 9° and 10° N. lat and about 78° E. lon. In
1801, it carae into the possession of the British. —
Madura, the capital, was formerly well fortified.
Lon. 78° Iff E, Lat. 9° 51' N,
Madura, isl, in the Eastem aeaa, off the N.
coaat of the island of Java, from which it ia sepa
rated by a narrow channel, 100 miles long, called
the atrait of MadiirEU On the S. E. of the island
ia the principal town, called Samanap, Lon, 112°
54' E, Lat 6° 44' to 7° 15' S,
Maese, a large r, Europe, which rises in the
French department of the Upper Marne, enters
the Netherlanda to the north of Charleville, and
falls into the German ocean below Rotterdam,
Length about 400 railea,
Maestricht, t. Netherlands, cap, of the province
of Limburg, on the Maese, at the junction "of the

Jaer. It is one ofthe strongest places bf thft
Netherlands, The raanufactul-es are leather,
flannel, stockings, and different kinds of coarae
cloth. Here are likewiae extensive breweries
and (UstiUeries, 14 m, N, by E, Liege, 56 E.
Brussels, Lon, 6° 4ff E, Lat 60° 4ff N, Pbp,
18,500, Mafomede, amaU ial, near the E, coast of Africa,
Latl6°2ff S,
Maffalubrense, t Naples, in the Terra di La
voro, Pop, 2,700, .
Mafmala, sraall isl, near the E, Coast of Africa.
Lat, 16° 2ff S.
Mafra, t Portugal, 20 ra. N, W. Liabon, Pop.
1,000, Mafragg, r. Algiers, which runs into the Medi
terranean, near Cape Roaa,
Mafumo, or English River. See Delagoa Bay.
Mogodoxa, t. on the E, coast of Africa, cap, ofa
country of the sarae name. The interioir of this
region is alraost wholly unknown. The inhabi
tauts always oppose a most determined resistance
to Europeans, and the Portuguese never were
able to establish any footing there. Lon, 46° 30'
E, Lat, 2° ff N,
Maganjtt, r. E, Africa, which runs into the
Zarabeze, in lon, 33° 40' E, lat, 16° 20' S,
Mogaraba, range of mountains in Algiers, ex
tending about SO railes along the coast of the
Mediterranean. Magarzan, small isl. in the Red sea, near the
coa-'it of Africa, Lat. 21° 10' S.,
Magdala, in Sac. Geog. a place in the tribe iSf
Issachar, on the E. side of the river Jordan, in
the country of the Gadarenes,
Magdalen River, r. Lower Canada, Which runa
into the river St. Lawrence, in lon, 66° 5' W, lat,
49° 12' N,
Magdalena, r, S, Araerica, in New Granada^
which rises in the province of Popayan, and has a
northerly course in the valley between the great
longitudinal ridges of the Andes, It runs 900
mfles and falls into the aea, 63 m, N, E, Cartha
gena, in lat 11° 2'N.
Magdalena, r, Mexico, in Texaa, which runs
into the aea, between the rivora Florea and Mexi
cano. Magdalene Islands, cluster of islanda, 7 in num
ber, in the gulf of St. Lawrence, 42 m. N. W,
the ialand of Cape Breton,* Lon, 61° 40' W, Lat.
47° Iff to 47° 42' N.
Magdeburg, a district of the Prussian statea, in
the province of Saxony, composed of the old
duchy of Magdeburg, the part of the Old Mark
lying to fee left of the Elbe, the principal
ity of Halberstadt, the abbey of Qucdlinburg, the
county of Wemigerode, the barony of Schauen,
and the bailiwicks of Kloetze, Barby, and Gom-
raern. Extent, 4,400 sq, railes. Pop. 446,000.
It is divided into 16 circlea. Il consists alraost en
tirely of a fertile level tract. Corn is raised for
exportation ; and the quantity of flax and herap
ia very large. The area of the old duchy of
Magdeburg was 2,060 aq. miles. Pop. 290,000.
¦Magdeburg, large city, Prussian states, capr,
formerly of a duchy, now of a district, in the prov
ince of Saxony, situated in a very beautiful,
though flat country, on both sides of the Elbe, It
ia one of thp strongest fortresses in Gerraany, be
ing surrounded w-ith a number of out-works, and
having a citadel on an island in the river, with an
arsenal and store-houaes, Magdeburg is weU
built, and has several beautiful squares. The

428

MAG

moat remarkable public buildings are the royal
exchequer, the houae where the different courts
used to assemble ; the ducal palace, the regency
houae, the government house, the new and old ar
senals, &c. The manufactures are extensive,
and consiat of woollen, linen, stockings, hats,
leather, tobacco, aoap, and wax. The navigation
of the Elbe ia of great iraportance to trade, par
ticularly aince relieved by the congreaa of Vienna,
(1816,) frora apart of the numerous tolls collect
ed at different places. 75 m. W, S. W, BerUn,
62 N N. W. Leipsic, 120 S. S, E, Haraburgh.
Lon. 11° Sff E, Lat, 52° ff N, Pop, in 1816,
30,250, ofwhom 28,000 were Protestants, and the
reat CathoUca and Jews.
Magdelaine, La Prairie de la. See La Prairie.
Magelholm, small isl, Denmark, in the Baltic,
near the S. coast of Laland. Lon. 11° 17' E. Lat.
54°4ffN. Magellan, Straits of, a .passage between the At
lantic and Pacific ocean, at the S, extremity of
the continent of America, upwards of 300 railea
in length, in some placea several leagues over, and
in others not half a league. The passage through
theae atraita ia dangerous in the extreme. Lou.
70° to 77° W. Lat 52° Sff lo 54° S,
Mageroe, isl, on the coast of Norwegian Lap
land, containing Cape North, in lon. 26° 0'4S" E.
lat 71° 11' Sff' N.
Magervilk, t. Sunbury co. New Brunawick, on
the W. side of the river St, John,
Maggenta, t. Auatrian Italy, in the Milanese, 13
rt. W. Milan. Pop, 4,000,
-Jlfog-geri, t India, in Mysore. Lon. 77°37'E.
Lat 12° 57' N,
Maggiore, Lake. See Lago Maggiore.
Magharee, or Set'era Hogs, cluster of amall ial
ands, 00 the W, coast of Ireland, al the entrance
into Tralee bay. Lon, 9° 55' W. Lat, 52° 19' N.
Maghera, v. Ireland, in IJ)erry co. 16 m. S. Cole
raine. Magherafdt, v. Ireland, in Londonderry co, IS
m. W. Antrim, 30 S. E, Londonderry.
Maghremore Bay, bay, on the S. E. coast of Ire
land, 6 m, S, Wicklowhead.
Mogillagan Point, cape, Ireland, at the en
tranceof Lough Foyle, 18 m, N. E. Londonderry.
Lon, 6° 50' W, Lat, 66° 12' N.
Magindano, isl, in the Eastern seas, the most
southerly ofthe PhUipgines, about 300 miles long,
and 800 in circumference, II has so many points
running into the sea, with large bays of correspon
ding depth, that it ia extremely favourable for pi
racy, as it affords harbours and lurking places in
case of pursuit. The soil ia well watered. Rice
ia produced in great plenty ; as also yams, sweet
potatoes, cocoa nuts, oranges, limes, and all fruits
common to tropical climates. The inhabitants
are all given to piracy, and even depend on it aa a
resource for subsistence. They cruize among the
Philippines, where they attack trading vessela,
and frequently extend their depradations to Java,
Sumatra, Borneo, and Celebes. They had the te
merity to 'dttark the aettlement at Prince of Wales'
ialand, soon after its establishraent in 1788, but
were repulsed with loss. In 1803, they fitted out a
fleet of 40 prows, with the intention of invading the
India company's settlementa in Celebes, but were
met and defeated. Lon, 119° SO' to 125° E, Lat 5°
40' to 9° 55' N, Magindano, the priricip-al town
ahd reaidence of the sultan, ia in lon. 124" 40' E.
lat 7° ffN.

MAH
Magliano, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, 34
m. N. Rome.
Magnac Laval, t France, in Upper- Vienne, 24
m, N. Liragoes. Pop. 2,800.
Magna Vacca, t, llEily, in the Statea of the
Church, on a canal, which extendsfrora the Adri
atic to the townof Commachio, 3 m. S, E, Comma-
chio, Magnes, t, on the N, coast of Candia, 12 m, N,
W. Canea,
Magnesia, ancient province in the N, of GreeOe,
on the gulf of Salonica,
Magnetical Island, isl, in the Pacific ocean, near
the N, E. coast of New Holland, L on, 213° 22' W,
Latl9°ffS, Magnisa, t. Asia Minor, the ancient Magnesia,
which wEia at one time the capital of the Greek
empire. It was particularly celebrated for its
magnificent temple, dedicated to Diana Leuco-
phiyne. It ia atill large and populoua, 20 m. N,
N, E. Smyma, Lon, 27° Iff E, Lat 38° 44' N,
Magnovka, t. Eu. Ruaaia, in Kiev, 43 m, S, Zy-
tomiers. Pop. 2,400.
Magny, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, SO m, 'N.
W, Paria, Pop. 1,400.
Magora, s-p. Arabia, on the Red aea, 150 m. N.
N. W. Loheia.
Magpie River, r. Canada, wliich runa into the
gulf of St. Lawrence, 6 ra. 'Vi. of the raouth of the
St. John.
Magro, r. Italy, which falla into the Mediterra
nean a little E. ofthe gulfof Spezzia.
Magruders, p-v. Prince George's co. Md.
Magstadt, v. Wirtemberg, 9 m. W. Stutgard.
Pop. 1,250.
Maguari, Cape, on the coast of Brazil. Lon.
49° Sff W. Lat 0° Iff S.
Maguelonne Etang de, an inlet of the Mediter-.''
ranean, in France, about 40 miles long, and 1 or
2 broad. Lon. 3° 55' E. Lat. 43° 29' N.
Maguiba, r. W. Africa, which faUs into the sea,
a little E. of Cape Monte.
Mahabalqpuram, t. India, in the Camatic. In
the vicinity are celebrated ruins of ancient Hindoo
temples, dedicated to Vishnu. Lon. 78° Iff E.
Lat. 12° 2ff N.
Mahobuipore, t. Bengal. Lon. 90° 48' E. Lat,
23° Iff N,
Mohalla. See MehaUet.
Mahanaim, in Sac. Geog. city on the E. side of
the Jordan, given by the fribe of Gad to the Le
vites. Mahonguin, the S. exfremity of the island of
Marindugera. Lon. 121° 51' E. Lat 13° Iff N.
Mahontango, r. Pa. which falls into the E. side
ofthe Susquehannah, 18 m. below Sunbury.
Mahontango, t Northumberland co. Peu Pop.
1,60.5. Mahontango, Lower, t. Berks co. Pa, Pop, 687,
Mahantanga, Upper, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop, 489,
Mahanuddy, [The Large River,] r. Hind, which
faUs into the bay of Bengal by several mouths,
about 20° N, lat
Maharajegunge, t. Bengal, ia'Parneah, on the '
E. side ofthe Mahanuddy river, Lon, 88° 5' E,
L..t. 26° 5' N,
Mahe, isl, in the Indian sea, one of the group
called the SecheUes, Lon, 66° SO' E. Lat 4° 45' S,
Mahe, t, India on the coast of Malabar, near
TeUicherry, It carries on a trade in pepper,
Lon. 76° Sff E. Lat, 1 1° 42' N.
Ma/iim, t. Hind, on the N, pointof the island of

M A I
Bombay, It haa a smaU Portuguese church.
It is one of the stations of the American Board of
Commissioners for Foreign Missions. The towu
js 17 miles N. of Bombay fort
Mahim, t Hind, in Dowlatabad, belonging to the
Mahrattaa, Lon, 72° 4ff E. Lat 19° Sff N.
Mahlberg, or Mallberg, t. Baden, 6 ra. W. S. W,
Lahr. Pop, 900.
Mdhmaodttbad, city. Hind, in Gujerat, 10 m. S.
Kafra. Lon, 72° 62' E. Lat. 22° 47' N.
Mahmaodabad, t Hind, in Agra, Lon, 79° 25'
E, Lat 27° IffN,
Mahmaadpore, t. Bengal, 75 m, N, E, Calcutta,
Mahmoadshi, district of Bengal, mostly situated
on the S. bank of the Ganges.
Mahmoro. See Mamora.
Mohommed-omeenpore, extensive district. Hind.
of 70O square milea, on the W. bank ofthe Bhag-
garutty river, comprehending Hoogly, and all the
other European towns on theW. side of the river,
Mahommedy, t. Hind, in Oude, Lat, 27° 56' N,
Mahon, r, Ireland, iu Waterford, which runa
into the sea, II m, E, DungEu-van,
Mahoning, r. Pa, which runs into the Allegha
ny, 5 m, below FrankUn,
Mahoning, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop, 1,316,
Mahoning, t. Indisuia co- Pa, Pop, 552.
Mahoning, r. which riaea in Ohio, and passing
into Pennsylvania, joins the Ohio.
Mohony, t Northumberland co. Pa, Pop, 829,
Mohoor, district, Hind, in Berar, Mahoor, the
capital, is in lon, 78° 33' E. lat. 20° 4' N,
Mohowl, t. Hind, in AUahabad, Lon. 87° 47' E,
Lat 26° 4'N,
Mahratta Territory, a very extensive country of
Hindostan, which, till very recently; extended
across what is called the peninsula of India, from
Gujerat nearly to the banks of the Ganges, and
southerly to the nortfaern bordera of the Mysore,
The Mahrattas are the most formidable Hindoo
power, and of late have been frequently engaged
in war with the British. Their whole army till
lately, was composed of cavalry. They are not,
however, very formidable as a regular force, de
pending much more on the celerity of their mo
tions, Emd sudden incursions, than in boldly meet
ing their enenly ; their only arms are a sword and
^ear, and their only camp equipage blankets or
horse cloths. Thus unincumbered, and their hor
ses being fed indiscriminately on the dry thatch
of the houses, or the growing corn of the fields,
they raarchedat the rate of 50 railes a-day,
"Marish Cromou,' or Morawski Krumlow, t, Mo
ravia, 15 ra, W, S, W, Brunn, Pop, 1,400,
Mahy River, r. Hind, which falls into, the gulfof
Cambay, after a courae of 280 milea,
Maia, r. A, Ruasia, in Irkoutsk, which falls into
the Aldane,
Maida, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 9 m, W, S,
W. Squillace, Here an action was fought, 4th
July 1806, between the British and French, in
which the latter were defeated. Pop, 3,000,
Maiden Bradley, v. Eng, in Wilts, 7 m, from
Hendon and Warminster, Pop, 603.
Maideri creek, r. Pa. which runa into the Schuyl
kiU 7 m. N. Reading.
Maiden creek, t. Berka co. Pa. Pop. 918.
Maiden Newton, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire, on
the river Frorae, 8 m. N. W, Dorcheater.
Maiden Racks, rocka near the N. coaat of Java.
Lon. 1 14° Sff E. Lat. 7° Sff S.
.Maidenhead, t, Eng. in Berks co, on the Thames,

M A I

429

26 m, W, London, Lon, 0° 43' W, Lat, 51° 31' N,
Pop. 1,000.
Maidenhead, t Hunterdon co. N, J, 6 ra, N, E,
Trenton, Pop, 1,086,
Maidstone, t Eng. in Kent, on the Medway,
which is here navigable for vessels of 50 or 60 tons.
Here the assizes for the county are held. The
new buildings for the county jail, &c. are Eunong
the raost splendid in the kingdom, covering a space
of above 13 acres of land, and classification is here
carried to ita greatest extent, there being 27 sepa
rate airing yjirds, and not less than 450 sleeping
cells for prisoners. The principal produce of the
neighbourhood is hops ; and Maidstone is the first
hop market in the kingdom. It is a borough, and
sends two merabers lo parUaraent. 9 ra. S. Roch
ester, 27 W. Canterbury, 34 S. E. London. Lon.
0° 31' E. Lat 51° Iff N. Pop, 10,462,
Maidstone, t. Easex co. Up, Canad'a, on the S.
aide of Lake St Clair, »
Maidstone, p-t, Eaaex co, Vt, on Connecticut
river, 53 m, N, E, MontpeUer, Pop, 177,
Maig, r. Ireland, which runs into the Shannon,
7 ra, below Liraerick,
Maigneloy, I, France, in Oise, 14 ra, N. E, Cler
mont, Pop, 900,
Moihidpore, t. Hind, in Malwah, belonging to
the Mahrattas, situated on the banks of the Soprah
river. In the vicinity of this place a severe battle
was fought, 21at Deceraber, 1817, between the
troops of Holkar and the British, in which the for
mer were defeated, 20 m, N, Oojan, the capital
of Scindia,
Maikatta, t, India, in Myaore, and one of the
moat celebrated places of Hindoo worship. It
is SEud that the temple is extremely rich, and that
the idols are covered with jewels, Lon, 76° 52' E,
Lat, 12° Sff N,
Maillard, bold promontory in Lower Canada, on
the N, coast ofthe St, Lawrence, 22 m, below the
island of Orleans^
Mailkbois, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, 12 ra,
S. E- VerneuiL Pop, 800,
Maillezais, t France, in La Vendee, 6 m, S.
Fontenay, Pop, 1,150.
Moino, a mountainous district of Greece, in the
Morea, comprising the S. E. part of the ancient
province of Laconia, It is the least fertile part of
the peninsula, conaiating chiefly of the extensive
ridge of mountains known by the narae of Tayge
tus. The inhabitants called Mainotti or Mainotes,
amount to between 40,000 and 50,000. They
style theraselves the descendants of the ancient
Lacedemonians ; and, aided by the natural strength
of their molintaina, have defended their liberty
againat the Turka, with a bravery and constancy
not unworthy of such distinguiahed anceatora.
Mainburg, t Bavaria, 38 ra. N. N. E. Munich.
Pop, 900.
Maine, one ofthe U. Slates, bounded N. W, and
N. by Lower Canada ; E. by New Brunswick ;
S. by the Atlantic, and W. by New Harapshire.
It lies between 43° 06' and 48° N. lat and between
66° 4ff and 70° 6ff W, lon. and ia estiraated to con
tain 32,000 square railes, or 24,480,000 acres. It
ia divided into 9 countiea, and 217 towna. Pop.
in 1790, 96,540 ; in 1800, 151,719 ; in 181Q,
228,706 ; and in 1820, 297,839. The raoat popu
lous parts ofthe State are the counties on Kenne
beck river, and the sea-coast, particularly in the
S. W, The northern half of the State is yet unin
habited, and almost unexplored. The principal

430

M A I

lakea are Umbagog, which lies partly in New-
Hampshire, Moosehead, Chesuncook, and Sebago.
The principal rivers are the Penobscot, Kenne
beck, Saco, Androacoggin, and in the northern
part of the State, the St. John's and ita branches.
An extenaive diatrict in the N. W. part of the
State, around the great lakea and hesul waters of
the Kennebeck and Penobscot, is mountainoua.
The reat of Maine, ia generally hflly, and the
hills diminish in height on every side, as you re
cede from the mountaina. The aouth- western part
ofthe State, and the fract of country along the aea
coast, from 10 to 20 miles wide, haa generally a
poor soil, though in sorae places tolerably fertile.
The land en the Kennebeck, and between that
river and the Penobscot, ia exceUent Eaat of the
Penobscot, it is less productive. The raountain
ous tract in the N. W, hsis a poor sofl. The lands
on St, John's river and its numerous branchea, are
said to be ijery fertile, but thia part ofthe State is
not yet settled. The principal productiona of
Maine are grass, Indian com, wheat, barley, rye,
and flax. A large portion of the State is yet cov
ered with forests. Lumber ia the great article of
export. It ia brought down all the rivers in large
quantitiea. The other articlea are fish, potash,
beef, and pOrk. Maine is finely situated for com
merce. It hELs an extensive sea-coast, abounding
with fine harbours, and is intersected by nurae
rous navigable rivers, which open an easy cora
munication with tfae interior. The nearest mar
ket for the S. W, Section Of the State, is Portland ;
for the country on the Kennebeck, Hallowell ;
for the country ou the Penobacot, BEmgor. The
natural market for the northern half of the State,
which ia yet unaettied, will be Quebeck, in Lower
Cansida, and Frederickston in New Brunswick.
The value ofthe exports for the year ending Sept.
30th, 1820, was $1,108,030. The value of the
manufactures in 1810, waa $3,741,116. The prin-
eipal Uterary inatitutions are Bowdoin college in
Brunswick, Uie Maine charity achool at Bangor,
and the Literary and Theological Inatitution at
Waterville. The Congregationaliata and Baptiats
are the most numeroua religioua denominations.
They have each more than 100 congregations,
Maine was adraitted into the Union in 1820. The
Hon. WiUiam D. Williamaon, of Bangor, is pre
paring a history ofthe State.
Maine, large r. which rises in the centre of Ger
many, and flowing west, passes by Frankfort, and
falls, with a wide channel and copious stream, into
the' Rhine, opposite to Mentz. It is n-avigable as
far as Baraberg.
Mairie, Lower, a circle of the Bavarian states,
comprising certain territories acquired by tfae
treaty of Vienna, in 1816, and the exchanges con
sequent on that treaty. These are the grand
duchy of Wurzburg, the principaUty of Fulda,
and certain portions of the grand duchies of Hesse
and Fulda, The whole forra an extenaive prov
ince adjoining Baden, Hesse-Casael, and Hesae-
Darmstadt Extent, 3,000 aquare mfles. Pop,
423,000, The majority of the inhabitants are
Catholics, The chieftown ia Wurzburg,
Maine, Upper, a circle of the Bavarian statea,
comprising the principalitiea of Bamberg and Up
per Bayreuth, with the northern part of the Upper
Palatinate, It Ilea contiguoua to Boheraia and
Saxony, has an area of 3,460 aquare raUes, and
434,000 inhabitants. The chief town is Bay
reuth. Maine-and-Loire, a department in the W, of

MAL
France, contiguous to the departments of the
Mayenne, the Sarthe, and the Indre-and-Loire,
Extent nearly 4,000 aquare miles. Pop, 404,600,
Angera ia the capital.
Maine-and-Tauber, a circle in the N. E. part of
the grand duchy of Baden. Pop. 96,000.
Mainland of Orkney . See Pomona.
Mainland of Shetland, tfae largeat ofthe Shetland
islands, 60 miles long from N. to S. and from 6 to 18
broad. The soil is unfavourable for vegetation.
The hills are moatly covered with heath, and af
ford good paaturage for black cattle Emd aheen.
Pop. 14,000.
Mainotti, or Mairwts. See Maina.
Mainsae, t. France, in La Creuse, 12 m. S. S,
W. Evaux, Pop. 1,300.
Maintenon, t. France, in Eure-and-Loire, on
the Eure, 11 m, N, Chartres. Pop. 1,600.
Maipo, r. ChUi, in the province of Rancagua,
It entera the Pacific ocean in lat, 33° 4ff 2" S.
Maire, araall isl, on the S, E, coast of France,
opposite Cape Croisette, i
Maire, La, Straits of, a ueutow channel or pis-
sage from the Atiantic to the Pacific ocean, her
tween Terra del Fuego and Staten Land, It is
about 15 railea long,
Maissy, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° T E, lat
26°2ffN, Maisy, Cape, the E, exfrenuty of the island of
Cuba, Lat20°2ff N.
Maiteo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, only 3 nules in
circuit, subject to the sovereign of Otaheite, Lon.
148° 12' W, Lat 17° 53' S.
Majir, v. Biledulgerid, in the S. E. exfremity
of Algiers.^ Lon. 6° 2ff E. Lat 33° Sff N.
Majorca, the principal of the Balearic isles, a
group situated in the Mediterranean, to the east of
Spain, aud subject to tfaat crown. It is about 100
miles from the coast of Spain, and 150 from Al
giers, Extent, 1,410 square mfles. Pop. about
136,000, of whom no less than 3,700 are priests,
monks, or nuna. It is alraost aurrounded by a
chain of mountains, a branch of which penetrates
towards the centre of the island. Its climate is in
general temperate. The exports conaiat of olive
oil, wine, apirita, oraqgea, lemons, almonds,
cheeae, capera, and boEms.
Mokariev, t Eu. Russia, 140 m. E, Kosfroma,
Pop, 1,600.
Mokariev, t. Eu. Russia, on the Wolga, 60 m. E.
Niznei-Novgorod. Pop. 800.
Makaya, t. Cayor, in W. Africa, 21 m. from the
aea, 60 m, S. of the Senegal,
Maker, v. Eng. in Cornwall and Devonshire, 2
ra. from Plymoutii, Pop, S,67S,
Mokerra. See Sigg.
Makkedar, in Sac, Geog, t Paleatine, 12 m, W.
Jeruaalera, Mokkum, t Netherlands, in Friesland, 10 m, S,
S, W, Franeker, Pop. 2,000,
Mcdconda, s-p. W, Africa, 40 ra, N, W, Loango,
Makooa, a people of E, Africa, inhabiting the
country behind Moaambique, They comprise a
nuraber of very powerful fribea, reaching from
Melinda aouth ward to the Zarabeze. They cher-
iah the most inveterate enmity againat the Portu
guese. Mokow, t. Poland, 40 m. N. Warsaw. Pop.
1,500. Makrinitsa, t Greece, in Msignesia, 40 m. S, E,
Lariaaa, Pop, 2,000,
Makt, r. Peru, which falla into the Pacifio ocean
in lat, 12° 4ff S,

MAL
Mali, Punta de, cape, S, America, on the bay of
Panama, Lon, 58° W, Lat, 7° Sff N,
Malabar, a province, Hind, between 10° and 13°
N,lat bounded N, by Camsura, S, by the rajah of
Cochin's territoriea, E, by the Western Ghauts,
and W, by the sea. The part bordering on the
sea has a level poor soil ; the reat conaists of dif
ferent ranges of hills, extending to the foot of the
raouQtEiin, Some of these hilla, and all the vaUiea
between, are extremely fertile. The chief pro
duce of this region is timber, sandal- wood, cocoa
nuta, coir, tmd black pepper. Its principal towns
are Calicut, TeUicherry, and Cananore, There
are aeveral coloniea of oriental Christiana, Jews,
Eind Mahometans, established in Malabar, The
descendants of Portuguese, and converts to the
Roman Catholic reUgion, are now very nuraerous,
bul are not on good terms with the Neatorian or
oriental Christians. The province now belongs lo
the British, Emd in 1807, yielded a revenue of
250,000/, The name of Malabar is frequently,
bul erroneously, applied to the whole of the weat
ern coast of India,
Malabar, Cape, or Sandy Point, the S, E. ex
fremity of C-ape Cod, Lon, 70° 3' W, Lat, 41°
SffN. Malabar Point, a remarkable promontory on
the ialand of Bombay, near which there is a cele
brated teraple, an object of Hindoo pilgrimage.
Malacca, a country of India beyond tfae Ganges,
consisting of a large peninsula, connected with
Siam by the isthmus of Kraw. At all other points
il is surrounded by the sea, having on the W. the
Indian ocean and the straits of Malacca, which
separate it from Sumafra ; on tfae E. tfae gulf of
Siam and the sea of China. It is 775 miles long,
and on an average, 126 broad. The country is
fraversed by a chain of very lofty raountains, and
Qovered with extensive forests and raarshes. It
waa formerly subject to Siam, but all the southern
part of the peninsula has now shaken off the yoke,
while the northern Stales pay only a moderate
tribute. The leading inhabitants are of tfae race
called MEdays, who are well known, and widely
diffused throughout all tfae Eastern seas, and
wfaose piratical habits render them the terror of
Asia, In the pursuit of plunder and of conqueat,
tfaey Eire brave, ferocious, and vindictive. They
are merciless to enemies and strangers, and capri
cious even to friends. Piracy is most deeply rooted
in their nature. The Malayan language ia diatin
guished above all others in the east for its smooth
ness and softness, in which respects it has been
compared to the ItEdian, It haa become, Uke the
Frencfa in Europe, a aort of current and universal
language over alkthe sea coEists, and in all raer
cantile aocietiea of Eastern Asia, Thia diatinction
it haa attained, in conaequence of the extensive
traflic which the iMalaya carry ou throughout all
these countries,
Malacca, the capital of the country above de
scribed, is on the W, ooast, on the straits of Ma
lacca. It was formerly one of the prinpipal Por
tuguese settlements, and the key of their trade
witfa the aeas beyond India ; but in 1640 it was
taken by the Dutch, and retained by them till
1795, when it was subjected by a British force.
After the formation, however, of the settiement at
Pulo Penang, or Prince of Wales' laland, that at
Malacca -n-as found to be of little or no uae aa a
place of trade. The garriaon and stores were
therefore withdrawn, the fortifications razed, and
the whole place dismEuitled, Since that time its

MAL

,431

commercial importance is almost entirely lost.
The imports are opium, piece goods, silks, and
doUars ; and the exports chiefly tin, pepper, aago,
canea, elephanta' teeth, and aorae gold duat Ma
lacca ia one of the raoat iraportant atations of the
London Missionary Society. They have five mis-
aionariea here ; and a printing office, from which
two periodical works are issued, and Tracts in
great numbers, both in tfae Mfday and Chinese
Ismguages. The printing office affords regular
employment to sixteen men and boys. In 1818,
an Anglo-Chineae college waa established, the ob
ject of wliich is to instruct Chinese youth in the
English language and the principles of Christiani
ty, and to impart to missionaries and others a
knowledge ofthe language and literature of China.
Lon. 102° 12' E. Lat. 2° 14' N,
Malacca, Straits of, a narrow sea between the
island of Sumatra and the country of Malacca, ex
tending frora the equator lo lat. 6° N,
Malacotta, t. Worada, in W, Africa, 42 ra, E,
Satadoo. Malaga, city, Spain, in Granadji, on tfae coast
of the Mediterranean, at the extremity of a deep
bay, with a large plain to the N. while on the E.
and W, it is sheltered by lofty raountaina. The
hsu-bour is capable of containing about 400 mer
chant vessels and 20 ships of the line, and tfaose of
the greatest burden may come up close fo the
quay. Ships may enter with all winds, and are
perfectly sheltered. Tfae rivera GuadEdmedina
Emd Guadalorce diacharge tfaeir watera at tfais,
place into the ocean, after traver.iing a succession
of the most fertile valUes in Europe : and in these
are produced those fruita in which the city carriea
ou so extensive a trade, Theae are figa, almonds,
oranges, lemons, and olives ; bul the great export is
wine. 'The vineyarda on tfae aurrounding hilla pro
duce annuaUy between 2,000 and 3,000 pipes of
wine,of which the one half ia exported. 65 m.W.
S. W, Granada, 203 S, by W, Madrid, Lon, 4° 26'
W, Lat. 36° 4ff N. Pop, 52,000,
Malaga, t. Monroe co, Ohio, 6 m, N, Woods-
field. Malagan, I, Spain, in New Castile, 12 ra, N, N,
W, Ciudad Real,
Molahide, t Middlesex co. Up, Canada, on lake
Erie. Molalais, sraall ial, in the sea of Mindoro, Lon.
120° 61' E. Lat 11° IffN,
Malamacco, t. Austrian Italy, on an island in the
gulf of Venice, Pop, 1,100.
Malaneo Islands, 2 small islands in the Paciflc,
near the E, coaat of Lucon. Lon, 122° 28' E, Lat,
18° 2'N, .
Jlfe/ar, or^tfa/er, lake, Sweden, about 80 miles
long, which comraunicatea with the Baltic at
Stockholra. Malatayor, Cope, cape on the S, coast of Borneo.
Lon, 114° E, Lat 3° 24' S,
Malatia, t, Aaia Minor, 15 ra, W, of the Eu
phrates, on the site ofthe ancient Melitene. 90 m,
W. N, W, Diarbekir,
Mahtivoe, t Ceylon, Lon. 81° T E. Lat 9°
11' N.
Malaucenne, t France, in Vaucluse, 18 ra. N,
E, Avignon. Pop. 2,600.
Mdlovilly, t India, in Myaore, 35 ra, frora Serin
gapatara, Lon. 77° Iff E. Lat. 12°2ff N.
Malazgherd, t Turkiah Armenia, on the Morad.
It ia the ancient Maurocastrum. 80 ra. S. S. E.
Erzerura. ' •

432

MAL

Molbay, bay on the W, coast of Ireland, extend
ing from Hog's Head to Ballard'a Point
Malbay, r. Lower Cansida, which faUs into the
St, Lawrence from the N, nearly opposite to the
Camarouska islands, »
Malchin, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe
riu, 22 ra, E, Gustrow, Pop, 2,500,
Makhow, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
jfin, 23 ra. S, by E, Gustrow, Pop, 1,000,
Malcolm. Point, a low aandy point on the S, coEiat
of New Holland, Lon, 123° 42' E, Lat, 33°
48' S,
Molda, diatrict, Bengal, on the N, E, aide ofthe
Gangea, Malda, the capital, ia in lon, 88° 4' E,
fat, 26° ff N,
Moldegem, t Netherlands, in East Flanders, 12
m, E, Bruges, Pop, 4,700.
Maiden, Up, Canada, See Amherstburg.
Maiden, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 4 m. N, Boaton,
Uia connected with Charleatown by a bridge over
Mystic river. Pop. 1,384. Here are extensive
dye houses, and a large nail factory,
Maldives, a cluater of ialanda forraed from coral,
in the Indian ocean, lying between the equator
and the 8tfa degree of N, latitude, and between
72° and 74° E, lon, Tfaese islands were formerly
much frequented by trading ships from India ; but
from the difliculties experienced in procuring a
cargo foi- a large vessel, and the dangerous navi
gation, this trade has been given up, and it ia now
carried on in their own. boats, sorae of thera of SO
tons burden. The chief produce of these islanda
is cocoa-nuts, and the small shells called cowrie,
whicfa pass as coin all over India,
Maldon, Maiden, or Maiden Water, ancient bor
ough and t, Eng, in Essex co. on the eatuary of the
Blackwater, It aends two members to parliament,
36 ra, N, E, London, Lon, 0° 40' E. Lat 61° 44' N,
Pop, 2,679,
Maldonada, t. Buenoa Ayres, on the N, side of
the river Plata, near its raouth, Lon, 65° 36' W,
Lat 34° 50' S, / -
Male, ial, in the IndiEm ocean, and principal of
thoae caUed the Maldives, Lon. 73° 10' E. Lat 6°
SffN. Malea, Cape, or Cape Sl. Angelo, a promontory
onthe S. coast ofthe Morea. Lon. 23" 12' £. Lat.
36° 27' N.
Maleco, or Melecca, cape on the N. coaat of the
island of Candia. Lon. .24° 4' E. Lat, 35° 32' N.
Mokensoanoa, isl. in the Eastern seas, near the
S, W, coast of Palawan, Lon, 117° 22' E. Lat 8°
11' N,
Mokepoelhas, one of the Sooloo islands, in the
Eastern seas, Lon, 120° 18' E, Lat, 6° 3' N,
Makl. See Melli.
Malemba, a-p, in Loango, W, Africa, It ia on a
hill 400 feet high, overlooking a very aafe bay,
where ahips may anchor at about a mile and a
half frora the town. The slaves brought to this
port are of excellent quaUty, strong, inured both
to fatigue and subordination, 50 ra. S, of Lo
ango. Malenowitz, t Moravia, 27 m, S, S, E. Olmutz,
Pop, 1,200,
Malesherbes, t. France, in Loiret, 35 m, N, E,
Orleana, Pop, 1,000,
Maktroit, t. France, in Morbihan, 20 m, N, E,
Vannes, , Pop, 1,800,
Maleya, t. S, coast ofthe isltind of Ternate. Lon,
12°14''E, Lat8°5ffN,
Malgara, t Eu. Turkey, in Romania. 100 m.
W. Conatantinople. Pop, 2,500.

MAL
Malgrat, t, Spain, in Catalonia, on the Mediter
ranean, 18 m, E, N, E, Mataro, Pop, 3,200. ''
Molheureux Islands, small ialands, in lake Borg
ne, 3 or 4 miles from the coast of Miaaisaippi.
Moliana, v. Algiers, 12 m. S. S, E, Tefessad,
Malicorne, t, France, in Sarthe, 10 ra, N, La
Fleche, Pop. 1,100,
Malicoy, ial, in the Indian ocean, between the
Laccadive and Maldive ialands, Lon, 72° 45' E.
Lat. 8° 2tf N,
Malinako, t Mexico, 20 leaguea S, E, Mexico,
Malinhead, the N. point of Ireland, 23 m, N.
Londonderry, Lon. 7° Iff W, Lat, 65° 23' N,
Mallawalk, araall isl. N, of Borneo, Lon, 117'
2ff E, Lat 7° Z N,
Malkmort, t. FrEmce, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
25 E. by S, Aries. Pop. 1,800.
Molkn, (an. Manila) t SpEun, in Arragon, 33
m. W, by N, Saragossa, Pop, 2,400,
Malic ville, t. France, in Aveyron, 6 m, N,'E.
ViUefranche. Pop. 2,300.
MallicoUo, or Manicola, isl. one of the largest of
the New Hebrides, in the Pacific ocean, about 18
leagues long, aud from 5 to 7 wide. Lon, 167° 57'
23" E, Lat, 16° 26' 20" S,
Mailing, West, or Town Mailing, t Eng, in
Kent, 29 m, S. E. London. Pop, 1,164,
MalUson's Island, isl, off the N, coast of New
Holland. Lon. 136° ffE, Lat 12° II}' S.
Malloodoo, bay, Borneo, Lon, 117° 2'E. Lat 6'
4ff N.
MoUory's store, p-v. Wilkes co. Geo.
Mallow, t Ireland, in Cork co, on the Blackwa
ter, 32 ra. S. Limerick, and 14 N, Cork, Lorn 8'
Sff W. Lat 62° ff N,
Molluver, t Hind, in Gundwaneh, Lon, 82° 50
E, Lat 20° 34' N,
Malmedy, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 20 ra. S.Aix-la-ChapeUe. Lon,6°E. Lat
50° 2ff N. Pop. 4,400.
Malmesbury Port, bay on the W, coast of an
island in the Pacific, Lon, 226° 59' E, Lat 56'
17i' N,
Malmisch, t. Eu, Ruaaia, on the river Viatka.
Lon, 50° 14'E, Lat, 56° 44' N.
Malmo, t. Sweden, on the Sound, It is one of
the strongest towns ofthe kingdom, 18 m, E, S, E,
Copenhagen, Lon, 13° 1' 19" E, Lat 66° 36' 37"
N, Pop, 6,900,
Molmohus-Lan, or Govemment ofMolmohus, one
ofthe new divisions of Sweden, It lies along the
Sound and tfae Baltic, in the S. W. corner of the
kingdom, and includes a great part of the an
cient Schonen or Scania, Extent, 1,380 sq, milea.
Pop, 137,000.
Malmsbury, borough, Eng. 98 m. N. E. Bath,
95 W.London. Lon. 2° 5' W. Lat 51° 35' N. Pop.
1,162. Malnare, t Hind, in Delhi, belonging to the
Seiks. Lon. 76° IffE, Lat 30° 22'N,
Maloi-Jaroslawits, t. Russia, in Kaluga. Here
a sanguinary action took place between the'
French and Russians in October 1812. Lon, 36°
14' E. Lat 56° N. Pop. 1,660.
Malone, formerly EsravUle, p-t and cap. Frank
Un CO. N. y. 42 m, W, Plattsburg, 220 N. Albany,
Pop. 767. The vUlage stands on Salmon river,
Malouca, v. Syria, 20 ra. N. N, E, Damascus,
Malportida, t, Spain, in Estremadura, 2 m. S, E.
Plaaencia. Pop. 1,300.
Malpas, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 2 m, from Whit
church, Lon. 2° 46' W. Lat 53° I' N.
Malplaquet, v, France, dep ofthe North- Pop-

MAL
1,100. It is famoua aa the scene of one of the
most sanguinary battles recorded in history, fought
on the lltfa September 1709, between the French,
under marshal Villars, and the aUies, commanded
by the duke of Marlborough and prince Eugene.
9 ra, S, Mons,
Molpoorah, t. Hind, in Lahore, Lon, 75° 45' E.
Lat 31° 2ff N.
Malsch, t. Baden, 13 ra. E, by S. Spire. Pop.
1,900- Malsen, or Molsesina, t. Austrian ItEily, 18 ra.
N. N. W. Verona.
Malstrom, or Moskoe-strom, a violent whirlpool
on Uie coast of Norway, near the island of Mos-
koe. It ia dangerous lo shipping, except during a
short time at higfa and low water, but il is most
terrific when the N, W. wind blows in opposition
to the tide. It then forraa an immense whirlpool,
which draws to its centre and swaUowa up the
boats and fish that approach il, while its roaring
noise is heard at a distance of several railes. At
t^ese times, sfaips have been known lo be attracted
to it frora a distance of 5 or 6 Engliah miles, Lon.
10° 4ff E, Lat, 68° ff N.
Malta, isl. of the Mediterranean, 20 miles long,
12 broad, and 60 in circumference ; its distance
frora Sicily about 50. Its coast is in general steep
and rugged, the only good harbors being those of
Marza and Marza Murzet, which are separated
by the peninsula on which La Valetta, the chief
town, is situated. The two amall ialands of Gozzo
and Cerrino belong to Malta, being separated
from it only by a narrow channel. Extent of tfae
three ialanda, 170 sq. miles. Pop. 90,000, ofwhom
above 76,000 are in Malta, which is thus one of
the most populous spots on the globe. The soil is
formed of a reddish loamy mould, lying on a basis
of rock, and seldom exceeding from 10 lo 16 inch
es in deptfa. Every spot ia cultivated with the
greatest care ; and aoil, wfaen deficient, is sup-
^ plied in sfaip loads from Sicily. Most of the pro
ductions, both of Europe and the tropical cli
mates, which have been tried here, have succeed
ed. From 1530 to 1798, Malta was in posses
sion of the knights of St. John of Jeruaalera, who
highly distinguished theraaelvea by their resist
ance to the Turka. In 1798, the French expedi
tion to Egypt, commEuidedby Bonaparte, took the
ialand without resistance. In 1800, it was taken
by the British, and was 'confirmed to thera by the
treaty of Paris in 1814. The Maltese have re
tained the greatest part of their ancient rights
and usages. In no fortreaa in Europe are the de
fences raore imposing. In Gibraltar admiration
is excited by Uie work of nature ; in Malta, by
the work of art. To garrison the latter com
pletely, would require above 30,000 raen. The
reUgion of the Maltese is Roman Catholic, The
Church Missionary Society occupy the island as
one of their stations, and employ two missiona
ries here, Lon, 14° 12' E, Lat 35° 6ff N.
Malta, t. Kennebec co, Maine, 8 ra, E, Augusta,
Pop. 468.
Malta, t. Saratoga co. N. Y, 6 m. W, Saratoga
court-house, 25 .\. Albany. Pop, 1,438. Ilhas2
churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and 1 for Methodista,
Malta. See Lorraine, N. Y.
Mallepec, t. Mexico, 60 ra. E, S, E, Mechoacan.
Malterdingen, t. Baden, II m, N, by W, Frey
burg, Pop, 1,200.
Malton, borough and t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on
the Derwent, Il consists of two towns, Old and
New Malton. Pop, of Old Malton P61 ; of New .5.5

M A N

433

MaUon 3,713, 18 ra, N, E, York, 212 N, by W.
London, Lon, 0° 47' W, Lat, 54° 8' N,
MaUown, t. Hind, in AUahabad, Lon, 78° 4ff
E, Lat, 24" Iff N,
Malvern, v, Eng, 8 ra, fr, Worcester,
Malutaya, sraaU isl, in the sea of Mindoro, Lon,
120° 52'E, Lat 11° 12'N,
Malwah, province, Hijid, between 22° and 23°
N, lat, bounded N. by .-Ajmeer and Agra, E, by
AUahabad and Gundwaneh, S, by Khandeish and
Berar, and W, by Ajmeer and Gujerat; it is 250
miles long, and 150 broad. Till very recently, the
whole of this territory was in the occupation of
the Mahrattas, The soil is in general a fine black
mould, which produces cotton, opium, sugar, in
digo, tobacco, and all the various grains of India.
Malwally, isl. in the Eastern seas, Lon, 115°
2ff E, Lat. 7° N.
Malwan, s-p. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon, 73° 20'
E. Lat 16° 4' N,
Malzieu, t. France, in Lozere, 6 m, N, N, E,
St. Chely. Pop, 1,100,
Mamadyss, t. EU, Ruasia, on the Viatka, 92m,
E. Kasan. Lon. 60° 11' E. Lat. 66° 16' N,
Mamak, s-p, Abascia, on the Black sea, 1 10 ra,
W. [sgaur.
Mamakating, p-t. SuUivan co. N, Y, 23i m. fr,
Newberg, Pop. 1,865. It contains 2 cfaurches, 1
for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bapti'sts. The
¦villEige of Bloomingburg, in this town, is on Shaw-
angunck creek, on the Newberg turnpike.
Mamakatun, v. Armenifi, on the Euphrates, 12
ra, N, Erzerura,
Mamaroneck, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. on Long
Island Sound,- 23 ra. N. E. New York,' Pop, 496,
Its harbor admits vessels of 100 tona.
Mamas, i. Chili, whicfa entera the aeEi, at Co
piapo, Momers, t France, in Sarthe, 23 ra, N. N, E.
Le Mans. Pop, 5,500.
Mammouth Cave. See Keniiicky.
Mamora, or Maheduma, s-p, Morocco, 25 ra, N,
N. E. Sallee,
Mamore, r, Quito, which enters the Madera on
the W. side, in lat. 1 1° 55' S.
Mampava, t. on the W, coast of Borneo. Lon.
109° IffE. Lat. 0°21'N,
Mamre, in Sac. Geog, the name of a place in
Palestine, near Hebron.
Mam Tor, mt. Eng. in Derbyshire, near Cas
tleton, Mon, isl. in the Pacific ocean, between New
Britain and New Ireland, 50 ra, in circuraference.
Lon. 151° 25' E, Lat 4° S.
Man, Isle Of, isl. in the Irish sea, nearly equi
distant frora the coasts of England, Scotland, and
Ireland. It ia about SO railes long, and 70 in cir
curaference, and contains 220 sq. miles. Pop,
30,000. The interior and central part of the isl
and ia mountainous. The soil of the Isle of Man
ia naturally poor, but is every where greatly fer
tilized by the abundance of sea-weed which is
cast ashore and used as manure. Agriculture has
of late years made great progress here. Barley
is raised in great quantities, and oats are also cul
tivated. Large crops of wheal are now raiaed,
of the cleanest and best quality. Great quanti
tiea of turnipa and potatoes are also raised. Cat
tle are annually fattened for exportation, — The-
island ia now subject to the king of England, as
laud proprietor, and is ruled by a governor, a
council of public affairs, and the house of keys,
the representatives of tbe people. The -whole

434

MAN

island cont-ains 17 parishes or kirks, and is under
the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of a bishop, who is
styled bishop of Sodor and Man. As the inhabi
tanta are exempt from the tEixea which prevail in
the raolher country, living is comparatively cheap.
The port of Douglas is 60 m, S, E, by S, Liver
pool, Man of War Keys, sraall islands in the Spsmish
Main, near the Mosquito ahore, Lon, 88° 36' W,
Latl2°6ffN, Manaar, isl, off the N, W, coast of Ceylon ;
it is also the name of the gulf that separates Hin
dostan frora Ceylon, which is only navigfable by
. smaU vessela, Lon, 79° 6ff E, Lat, 9° 6' N.
Manabacca, araall isl, in the Eastern seas, Lon,
]Sl°4ffE, Lat3°6ffS,
Manado, with Fort Araaterdara, the northern-
moat of the Dutch settlements on the island of
Celebes, The bay and town are in lon, 124° 32' E,
lat, 1° 2ff N,
Monah, t. northern Hind, in Serinagur, Lon.
79°40'E. Lat32°2ffN.
Manapar, t. India, in TinneveUy, on the gulfof
Manaar, opposite the island of Ceylon. Lon. 78°
17' E, Lat 8° Sff N.
Manapar, t, India, in Tanjore, Lon, 78° SO' E,
Lat 16° SffN.
Marutpiro, i. Venezuela, which enters the Ori
noco, near the confluence of the Apure.
Manore, t. New Granada, 138 m. N, E, Santa
Fe, Lon, 72° 14' W. Lat, 6° 4ff N.
Monassey gap, p-v. Loudon co, Va,
Manaswory, isl, in the Pacific ocean, near the
N. coast of New Guinea. Lon. 134° 4ff E. Lat,
0° 64' N,
Manatoulin Islands, Up, Canada, extending
from the W, side of lake Huron in an E. direc
tion 160 milea. Many of thera are from 20 to SO
miles long,
Manbona, s-p. Sofala, in E. Africa, al the en
trance of the channel of Mesambique,
Manby Point, cape, on the N. W. coastof Amer
ica, forming the W. point at the entrance of Beh
ring's bay, Lon, 219° 17' E. Lat 59° 47' N,
ManceniUa, bay, on the N. side of St Domingo,
Lon, 71° 5ff W, Lat 1 9° 5ff N,
Manchac, t, Louisiana, on the E, bank of the
JVIississippi, 20 m, below Baton Rouge,
Manchac Bayou. See Ibberville.
Mancha, La, province, in the central part of
Spain, forraing the southern part of New Castile,
Area, 8,000 sq, miles. Pop. 206,000. This prov
ince is almost entirely surrounded by mountaina.
The interior consists almost entirely of a dead flat,
without trees, shelter, or water.
Mancha Real, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 7 in. E.
Jaen. Pop. 4,000.
Manche, Lo, or The Channel, department in the
N. W. of France, bounded on the W. and N. by
tfae English ohannel, S. E. by Calvados, S. by Ille
andVflaine. Extent, 2,500sq. milea. Pop. 583,500.
St. Lo ia the capital.
Manchester, t. Eng. in Lancashire, the great
centre of the cotton trade, the greatest manufac
turing town in the kingdom, and, except London
and Liverpool, the largest in population, industry
and wealth, II is on the Irwell, at the junction of
the Irk and the Medlock, The streets are well
paved. In the winter they are brilliantly lighted
with gas, and nearly all the foot paths are laid
with flags, Tfae public; buildings are numerous,
handsome, and many of them elegant No town

MAN
in England is more diatinguished for the number
of its charitable institutiona. The aeminaries of
education are alao numerous ; and a liberal spirit
is diffused in the town for the promotion of knowl
edge, literature, and science. Manchester is sup
ported, and has risen to its present conaequence,
entirely by its manufactures, and the various
trades growing out of them. Of these manufac
tures, by far the principal, and the aource of most
of the reat, ia that of cotton. The greater part of
the cotton trade of Great Britain, which, beaidea
ita own conauraption, supplies that of all Europe,
America and the West Indies, centres in Manches
ter, extending around it in all directions to Fur-
neaa and Derby on tfae N. and S. Emd to Leeda and
Liverpool on the E. and W. The various branch
es of the manufacture are carried on more or less
througfa all this district ; but by far the most ex
tensive, eapecially tfae spinning, in MErachester.
Manchester is, beaidea, the centre from which the
raw material is distributed to all parts of the dia
trict, and into which the acattered merchandize ij
again collected, when finiahed, to be sent to Hull,
Liverpool and London, Eind thence all over the
world. The principal articles manufactured at Msin-
chester at present Eire velvets, fustians, dimitties,
calicoes, checks, tickings, jeans, shirtings, ging-
hEuns, quillings, handkerchiefs, nankeens, diapers,
rauslinets, muslins, cambrica, and almost every
kind of fancy cotton, and cotton and silk goods.
Tfae spinning trade is becoming every year more
extensive, and conaiderable quantitiea of yarn are
annually exported. The apinning is almost en
tirely performed by meana of machinery, aided by
a number of boya and girls. In 1818, aeveralnew
factories were buflt iu the neighbourhood, and at
present the whole number of spinning-miUs and
factories in the town araounts to about 60. The
weaving ia also carried on to a great extent ; and
the invention of power looras, or looms worked by
machiner)', has been recently infroduced, Emd has
extended considerably. A'arioua other operations
are performed by machinery, Emd nearly the whole
of these machines are now wrought by the steam
engine. The erection and keeping up of thia va-
rioua Emd complicated machinery has give rise to
great iron foundries. Besides tfae weaving and
spinning, the printing, dyeing and bleaching bu
siness arc carried on to a very great extent in and
around Manchester.
The principal cause which has rendered Man
chester a great emporium of manufactures, is the
natural situation of the place, on the banks of a
navigable river, in the midst of inexhaustible
fields of coal, near the centre of tfae kingdom, and
capable of having its external and internal com
munication greaitly improved by art By means
of canfds, Manchester enjoys a comraunication by
water both with tfae eastern and western seas,
being situated directiy in the line of navigation
which here extenda acroas the island from shore
to shore ; while it is equally open to the north and
south by various branches from the main trunk.
Although one of the largest towns in the kingdom,
Manchester aends no raeraber to Parliament
Pop. in 1757, 19,800; in 1773, 42,900; 1788,
50,000; 1791,70,000; 1811,98,000; andatpres-
ent eatimated al 111,000,
Manchester, t. Nova Scotia, 10 leagues N,W.
Cape Canso,
Manchester, p-t. Bennington co. Vt, 21 m. N.

MAN

Man

435

Bennington. Pop, 1,502, The courts of the coun
ty are held alternately here and al Bennington,
Manchester, t. Hillsborough co. N, H, on the E,
bankof the Merrimack, 18 m. S. Concord, 42 W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 615. A bridge is thrown acrosa
the river at this place. Here alao ia Blodgot'a
canal, round Amoskeag falla.
Manchester, p-l Essex co. Mass. on the coast, 8
ra, E. N, E. Salem, 30 N, E. Boston. Pop. 1,137,
The inhabitants are extensively engaged in the
fisheries. Manchester, p-v. Niagara co, N. Y. at the falls of
the Niagara, 20 m. N. Buffalo, 7J S. Lewistown.
Here are extensive and valuable raills, and a
bridge, ingeniously consfructed, just above the
falls, connecting Goat island with Manchester.
Manchester, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y.
Manchester, p-v. Ontario co. N.Y.
Mancliester, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,579.
Manchester, West, t, York co. Pa, Pop. 987,
Manchester, p-t BfJtiraore co, Md, 33 ra. from
BEdlimore, 45 fr. CarUsle.
Manchester, p-t Chesterfield co. Va. on Jaraes
river, opposite Richmond, witfa which it is con-
peeled by bridgea.
Manchester, p-t. Sumter distriot, S. C.
Manchester, p-t. Clay co. Ken.
Manchester, p-t Adams co. Ohio, on Ohio river,
8 m. S, West-Union,
Manchester House, one of the Hudson bay com
pany's factories, N, America, on the Saskatcha-
wine, 100 m. W, Hudson's House, 75 S, E, Buck
ingham House, Lon, 109° 20' W, Lat 63° 14'
Iff'N. Mancilla, t Spain, in Leon, 1 1 ra, S, S. E, Leon,
Pop. 2,500,
Mancole, t Hind, iu Lahore, Lon. 7° 28' E.
Lat. 32° 44' N.
/ / Manda, isl. in the ati-Euts of Malacca, near the
coast of Sumatra. Lon, 103° 2' E, Lat 0° 28' N,
Mandada, small ial, near the N. coast of Cele
ries. Lon. 124° 21 E. Lat 1° Iff N.
Mandal, s-p. Norway, on the North sea, 19 ra.
W. S. W. Christiansand. Lon. 7° 2ff 45'' E. Lat
58° ff 42" N.
Mandalig Islands, small islands near the N.
coasts of Java, Lon, 110°6ffE. Lat 6° 27' S,
Mandan, Indian village, on Missouri river, 1,600
milea frora the Mississippi, Lon. 100° 50' W, Lat,
47° 20' N. Here Lewis and Clark encaraped
during the winter of 1804-5, on their voyage up
the Missouri. This place has been selected by the
government ofthe U. S. for a raflilary poll, and it
is well situated to prevent the Hudson bay compa
ny frora extending their trade towards.the head
waters of the Missouri, and along the Rocky
mountains, within our territory; which tract of
country is said to have fur of a better quality, and
in greater abundance, than any other portion of
North Araerica. This post is only 150 miles S, of
the establishment of tfae Hudson bay company, on
Assiniboin river, and is connected with it by a
good road.
Mandor, a diafrict of Celebes, on the west and
north coaat,
Mandavee, s-p. Hind, in Cutch, on the Indian
ocean, Lon. 69" 34' E. Lat22°6ffN.
Mandowee Islands, sraall islanda near the S.
coaat of Borneo. Lon. 113° 30' E. Lat 3° 20' S.
Mandelique. See Mandalig.
Mandeo, r. Spain, in Galicia, which runs into
*he bay of Ferrol, opposite Corunna,

Mandinga, cape on the coast of Quito. Lat 2°
38' 30" S.
Mandingo, or Manding, a mountainous territory
in Central Africa, bounded E. by Bambarra, N.
by Fooladoo, S. and W, by Gadou and Jallonka-
doo. The whole region is watered by the Niger
in its early course, Tho Mandingoes have spread
themselvea through all the countries on the banka
ofthe Niger, the Senegal, and, above aU, of the
Gambia, and have become the raoat numeroua of
all the races in West Africa. They are a very
gentle race, cheerful in their dispositions, inquisi
tive, credulous, simple, Emd fond of flattery. 'Their
chief defect appeara to be an insurmountable pro
pensity to theft. The Mandingo language is mora
copious, raore refined and polite in its phraseology,
than that which is spoken by the other negi'O
tribes. It is the language of coraraerce, being un
derstood, with few exceptions, through all West
Africa. Almost every district, indeed, ia traversed
by troops of Mandingo merchants, resembling in
their habita and manners the Arabic caravan tra-
dera, Mandialy, one of the Gilolo ialanda, 20 milea
long, by 4 broad. The equinoctial line crosses
the island near the centre. Lon. 124° E.
Mandoe, Old and New, two small islanda of Den
mark, on the W. coaat of Sleawick. Lon. 8" 32'
E. Lat 55° Iff N.
Mandow, or Mundu, diatrict. Hind, in Malwah,
between 22° and 23° N. lat Mandow or Mundu,
the capital, and formerly the capital of an A%han
dynasty, ia a fortified town, 25 ra. S. of Oujein.
Mandowee, t. Hind, in Lahore. Lon, 76° 48' E,
Lat 32° 54' N.
Mandowee, t. Hind, in Gujerat, Lon, 73° 25'
E. Lat. 21° Iff N.
Manduria, formerly called Casale Nuovo, t. Na
ples, in the ISasilicata, 6 m. N. E. Casaano. Pop.
4,000. Manedorf, v. Switz. on the lake of Zurich, 10
m. S. by E. Zurich, Pop. 2, 100,
Mancrbio, t. Austrian Italy, in the Milaneae, 12
m, S, Brescia. Pop. 3,300.
Manes, Cape Las, cape on the coast of Darien.
Lon, 79° 5ff W. Lat 9° 28' N.
Manfalont. See Monfalont.
Manfredonia, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 110.
ra, W, N. W, Naples, Pop, 5,000,
Mang, r. Ireland, wfaich runs into Castleraain
harbour, 8 ra, S, Tralee,
Mangallaon, isl, near the N. W, coast of Borneo.
Lon. 1 15" Sff E, Lat. 6° 9' N,
Mangalore, called also Courial Bunder, seaport
and fortress,'Hind, in Canara. It is now in pos
session of the Britiah, and is the station of the
judge, collector, &c. of South Canara. Lon. 75°
E, Lat. 12° 4ff N.
Mangan Islands, smaU islands in the gulf of St,
Lawrence, near the S. coast of Labrador. Lon.
63° 4ff W. Lat. 60° 16' N.
Mangapet, t. Hind, in Hyderabad, on the Goda
very. Lon. 81° ff E. Lat. 18° 14' N.
Mangee, t. Hind, in Bahar, at the confluence of
the Gogra witfa the Ganges. Lon. 84° 35' E. Lat
25° 50' N.
Mangeea, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 15
railes in circuit Lon, 201°5ffE, Lat 21° 67' S,
Mangeroy Strait, channel of the Eastern seas,
which aeparates the island of Floris, or Ende, from
that of Comobo,
Monglares, or Com Island, isl, iu the Spanish
Main, Lon, 82° 20' W, Lat, 11° 45' N,

436

MAN

Manglieu, t France, in Puy de Dome, 8 m, E,
Isaoire, Pop, 1,300,
Jlfang«ir,,t, Caramania, in Asia Minor, 70 ra,
W, Caesarea,
Manhattan, the ancient narae of Aew-Fbrft is/-
and. Manliattanville, v, N, Y, on the E, bank of the
Hudson, 9 ra, above the city of New- York,
Manheim, or Mannheim, t. Germany, in Baden,
at the confluence of the Neckar and the Rhine,
It is one of the finest towns in Germany, The
streets are wide, straight, well paved, and tfae
houses uniform and elegant. The palace belong
ing lo the grand duke, contains a gallery of paint
ings, cabinets of antiquities and natural history,
an'] a library with 60,000 voluraes, 34 m. N,
Carlsrhue, and 36 S. by W, Mentz, Lon, 8° 2ff
E, Lat, 49° 2ff 18" N, . Pop, 18,200.
Manheim, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the
Mohawk, 25 m, W. Johnstown, 60 W. Albany.
Pop. 1,444.
Manheim, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop, 1,354,
Manheim, t. York co. Pa. Pop. 2,207.
Ma7iheim, p-t, Lancaster co. Pa. 1 1 m. by W,
Lancaster, 77 W. Philadelphia, Pop, 1,282.
Maniano, country. Central Africa, S, E. of
Bambarra, on a -i-iver which falls into the Niger.
Monica, a district of Mocaranga, in E, Africa, the
chief mart of the gold which is exported from that
part of Africa. Lon, 28° E. Lat20°2ffS,
Monickdurg, t. Hind, in Berar, Lat, 19° 59' N,
Manickpatam, t. Hind, in Orissa, on the sea side,
12 m, S, W, Juggernauth, Lon, 85° 36' E, Lat,
19° 41' N.
Manickpore, district. Hind, in Allahabad. Ma-
nickpore, the capital, is on the N. E, bank of the
Ganges, Lon, 81° 26' E, Lat, 25° 47' N,
Manicougan, or Black River, r. Lower CanadEi,
which runs S, and falls into the St. Lawrence,
near Manicougan point,
Manicougan Point, cape. Lower Canada, on
the N, coast of the river St. fjawrence. Lon, 67°
6ff W, Lat 49° 12' N,
Manien, small isl, near the coast of Chili, Lat,
45° S.
Manifold, Cape, cEipe on the E, shore of New
HoUand. Lon. 150° 50' E. Lat. 22° 42' S,
Manilla, t. in the isl, of Lucon, and cap, of the
Spanish settlements in the Philippines, on a bay
ofthe aame name, at Ihemo'Jth ofthe Pasig, Pop,
38,0'j0, ofwhom 1,000 or 1,^00 are Spaniards, and
the rest mulattoes, Indians or Chinese, Manilla,
though regularly fortified, could not, be defended
against an European force, Frora its advanta
geous position in relation lo India, China and Arae
rica, Manilla might, under a liberal and wise gov
ernment, rise into great importance as an empo
rium of commerce. But, under Sfjanish policy,
its trade has been repressed by the most harassing
and absurd restrictions. I'he chief exports are
cordage, resinous substances, pitch and tar, cloths,
rushes, rattans, indigo of an excellent quality,
rice :'.nJ cotton. Three leagues S. W. from Ma
niUa lies the port of Cavite, at which large ships
generally unload. In 1772, Manilla was taken by
the English; and to ^-.we it frora destruction, it
agreed lo pav a r/iillion sterln'g for its ransom,
Lon, 12ff' 64' E, Lat 14° 38' N.
Manilla Islands. See Lucon ; and Philippine
Islands. Manipa, one ofthe -imaller Molucca isles. Lon,
127°61'£, Lat 3° 2 I'N,

MAN
Manitou, r. Missouri, whicfa runs into the N.
side of the river Missouri, not far below FrankUn.
Manitou, t Cooper co, Missouri.
Manitou, t. Howard co. Missouri,
Munitouwank, r. Michigan Territory, which ri
ses near Lake Winnebago, and after a course of 60
or 70 miles, falla into Lake Michigan.
Manjeo, t Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 83° E. Lat
24° 20' N.
Manleop, small isl, in the Eastern seas, offthe S,
W, extremity of Borneo. Lon. 102° 57' E, Lat
3° S.
Monkiam Isle, araall isl. in the Eastern aeaa, off
the W. coast of Gilolo. Lon. 127° Sff E, Lat, 0°
20° N.
Manlius, p-t. Onondago co. N. Y. on the Erie
canal, 10 m, E, Onondago, 137 W. Albany. Pop,
3,127. The viUage of Manlius contains about
100 houses, and an Episcopal church, A news-
p'aper is published faere. In Limestone creek in
this town, there is a. perpendicular fsdl of 100
feet Manna, t. Jallonkadoo, W. Africa, near the Sen
egal. Lon. 8° 5ff W. Lat 12° 2ff N.
Mannersdorf, t Auatria, 20 ra, S, E, Vienna,
Pop. 1,000.
Mannhartsberg, a mountain chain in Austria,
extending from N. to S. beginning at the frontier
of Mora-riEi, and terminating at the DEmube.
Manningbay, harbour on the W. coast of Ire
land, Lon, 10° ff W, Lat 53° 2ff N.
Manningham, t. Eng, in Yorkafafre, 2 m, N, W,
Bradford. Pop, 1,596.
Mannington, t. Salera co. N. J. Pop. 1,644
Manningtree, t. Eng. in Eaaex, on the river
Stour, navigable from thia town to Sudbury, llj
m. from Harwich, 61 from London. Lon. 1° 3' E,
Lat 61° SffN. Pop, 1,075.
Monon, r. lUinois, which runs into the Missis
sippi. Manor, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 2,642.
Manor Hamilton, v. Irelsmd, in Leitrim, 13 m,
E. Sligo, 17 W. EnniskiUen,
Manos, cluster of small islands, in the Spanish
Main, Lon.78°4ffW, Lat9°I7'N.
Manosque, t. France, in Lower Alps, 490 m, S,
by E. Paris, Pop, 5,400,
Manouaran, small isl, in the Pacific, near the
N, coast of Waygoo, Lon, 131° 10' E, Lat 0°
6' N,
Manowly, t Hind, in Bejapore, Lon. 75° 10' E.
Lat, 15° 5ff N.
Monques Secas, small islands near Uie coast of
Brazil. Lon. 44° 50'.W. Lat 2° 2ff S.
Manques Verdes, small islands neEir the coast of
Brazil. Lon. 44° 4ff W. Lat 2° 25' S.
Manresa, Minorasa, or Man:res, t. SpEiin, in Cat
alonia, 29 m. N. N. W. Barcelona. Pop. 9,000.
Mans, Le, t. France, cap. of Sarthe, near the
river Sarthe. It has manufactures of- linen, sziil-
cloth, flannel, serge, druggets, and wax candles.
20 m, S. Alencon, 75 W.by N. Orieans. Lon,0°
11' 35" E. Lat, 48° ff Sff' N, Pop, 18,500.
Mansarowar, properly Manas-sarowar, a lake on
the N.side of the Hiramaleh mountains, 50 miles
in circunilerence, forraerly supposed to be the
source of the river Ganges. It is situated about
31°N. lataud81°E. lon,
Mansfeld, a d'sfrict of Saxony, W. of Leipsid.
II ¦was formerly a counfry of the Gerraan em
pire, and depended in a certain extent, as a fief, on

MAN
Magdeburg and Saxony. Area, 420 square miles.
Pop, 60,000.
Mansfeld, or 77ia/ Mansfeld., t. Pruaaian Ssixony,
42 m, W. N. W. Leipsic. Pop. 1,300.
Monrfidd, t. Eng. in Nottingham co. on the
Maun. Here are 8 cotton raiUs, on a very large
scale ; also 700 frames for stockings and gloves,
both sUk Emd cotton; Emd 3 iron foundries for Ught
castinga. 14 ra, N. Nottinghara, 138 N, W, Lon
don. Lon. 1° 12' W. Lat, 53° ff N. Pop. in 181 1,
6,816 ; now 8,000.
Mansfield, t. Chittenden co, Vt, 20 m. N, Bur
Ungton. Pop. 38. Manafield raountain, one of
the loftiest of the Green Mountains, lies cfaiefly in
this town.
Mansfield,p-t. Bristol co. Meiss.' 12 m, N, Taun
ton, 30 S, S. W. Boston, Pop, 1,030,
Mansfield, p-t Windham co, Ct, 28 m, E. Hart
ford, Pop, 2,570, It contains 5 houses of public
worship, Mansfield, t Herkimer co, N, Y,
Mansfield, t, Sussex co, N. J, on the Muscone-
cunk, 7 ra. S, E. Oxford,
Mansfield, t, Burlington co, N. J, 8 ra, W, Bur
lington, Pop, 1,810,
Mansfield, p-v, AraeUa co. Va,
Mansfield, p-t and cap. Richland co. Ohio, 73
m, N. E. Columbus, 53 from Wooster,
Mansfield Island, isl, in Hudaon's bay. Lon, 80°
4ff W. Lat 62° ff N.
MansiUa, t. Spain, in Leon, 10 m, S. E, Leon,
Pop, ,000.
Mansir, t. Hind, in Lahore, Lon. 74° 20' E.
Lat. 32° 5ff N.
Mansle, t. France, on the Charente, 14 ra. N.
Angouleme. Pop. 1,300.
Mansoura, t Lower Egypt, buflt by the Sara
cens as a bulwark againat the Christians. The
trade is chiefly carried on by Syrian Christians,
who export the fine rice growing round Lake
Menzaleh, and salaramoniac. • 24 ra. S. S. W. Da
mietta. Mansourah, v. Algiers, (an. Sisaris,) which falls
into the sea, about 18 m. E. Boujeiah.
Mamsauria, t. Bagdad, on the Euphrates, about
20 m. above itsjunction with the Tigris,
Mania, tQuito, 88 m. frora Guayaqufl. Lon, 80°
26'W. Lat0°5ffS.
Mania, Bay of, on the W. coast of S. Araerica,
20 m. S. of the equator, formerly famous for the
pearl-fishery, Mantanane, araall ial, near the N. W. coaat of
Bomep. Lon, 1 1 6° 27' E, Lat 6° 38' N.
Mantelan, t, Frsuice, in Indre-and-Loire, 16 ra,
S, Toura,
Mantes, t. France, in Seine-and-Oiae, on the
Seine, 31 ra. W, N, W, Paria. . Pop, 4,300,
Montilly, t. France, in Ome, 9 ra. S, W, Dom
front Pop, 2,300.
Mantinera, small isl, inthe Mediterranean, near
the coast of Naples. Lon. 13° 52' E, Lat. 39° 65' N,
; Mantineea. See Trapaliza.
Mantua, a province of Austrian ItEdy, contigu
ous to the duchies of Parma and Modena. Extent,
880 square mflea. Pop, 214,000. The aurface is
in general level , It is watered by the Po, the O"-
Uo, the Mincio, the Sechio, and a number of smal
ler streams, "The soil is of great fertility, except
in some marahy tracts.
Mantua, city, Austrian Italy, cap, of the prov
ince of the same name, on islanda formed by the

MAR

437

Mincio. It is both by nature and art, one of the
strongest placea in Europe. Most of tfae streets
are broad, regular, and weU paved ; the houaes of
atone, and in general well buflt ; and the publio
aquarea are spacious and elegant. In the centre
of one of the aquarea standa Virgil's monuraent, a.
coluran of raarble, resting on a pedestal of the
s'ame materiEd, with a bronze statue of the poet at
the top. The principal public edifice is the ca
thedral, a beautiful building, surraounted by a fine
dorae. Mantua is the seal of a university, founded
in 1725. The population and raanufactures have
greatiy decUned since the end ofthe 17lfa century.
In 1796 and 1799, both were raucfa reduced by
dreadful sieges. In 1780, the population waa near
ly 30,000. At present it does not exceed 23,000 ;
of theae between 4,000 and 6,000 are Jews. 70 m.
W. S, W, Venice, 70 E, S, E, Milan, Lon. 10°
46' E, Lat. 45° ff N.
Mantua, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, on Cuyahoga
river, 10 ra. N, Ravenna. Pop. in 1815, 600.
Manuel's fort, Miaaouri Territory, on the Yel
lowstone, Lon. 106° 30' W, Lat 46° N,
Monwos, district, Hind, in Gundwaneh, Man-
was, the capital, is in lon. 85° 5' E. lat 24° 13' N.
Mansanares, r. Spain, which passes Madrid, and
falls into the Henares, 8 railes below.
Mansanares, r. S. Araerica, which enters the
sea near the city of Cumana.
Mansanares, t Spain, in New Castile, 21 ra, E,
Ciudad Real. Pop, 6,800.
Monsonilla Key, a sraaU rocky isl. near the S.
coast of Cuba. Lon. 77° 38' W. Lat 20' 54' N.
Mansot, t France, in Puy de Dorae, 14m, N, by
W. Clermont. Pop, 1,500.
Manzinskoi, fortress, Russia, in Irkoutsk, 30 m.
S. S. E. SeUnginsk, Lon, 108° 44' E. Lat. 49*
5'N. Mansora, or Chircira, r. E. Africa, which joins
the Zambeze, iu lat, 16° 35' S,
Monzureka, r. Russia, which falls into the Lena,
near a village of the same name, Lon, 106° 34' E,
Lat 53° 45' N.
Mao, city, China, of thesecond rank, iu Setchu
en. Lon. 103° 32' E, Lat, 31° Sff N.
Moon, in Sac. Geog. t Palestine, in tfae tribe (rf
Judah. Maouna, or Massacre Island, one of the Naviga
tor's ialands, in the Pacific ocean, Capt. Edwards
calls this island Otutuela. Lon. of the anchoring
place, 189° 1' E, Lat, 14°22' S,
Mapocho, r. Chili, which passes the city of San
tiago, and afterwards enters the Maipo.
Mar, Cane, proraontory, on the N. W. coast of
Spain, in the Atlantic. Lon. 4° 5ff W, Lat. 43°
2ff N,
Marabea, t. Yemen, in Arabia, 6 m. N. Loheia,
Maraca, sraall isl, near the coast of Guiana,
Lon,51°2ff W, Lat2°N,
Maracaguaca, a branch of the Amazon river,
which joins the main stream, 40 ra. S. W. Pauxis.
Maracaibo, province, of the Caraccas, in S.
Araerica, bounded N, by the Carribbean sea, and
E, by Venezuela, Pop. according to Depons,
100,000, Maracaibo, cap, ofthe above province, is on the
W. side of lake Maracaibo, six leaguea from the
sea. The houses are covered with reeds, which
constantly expose them to conflagration. Pop, in
1801,22,000, which was afterwards increased by
the acceaaion cf Spaniards, who fled from St. Do
mingo. The number of slaves is about 5,000, A

438

MAR

bar, which has but 10 or 12 feet depth of water,
entirely excludes large veasels, 140 leagues W.
Caracoaa. Lon. 71° 4ff W. Lat. 10° 30' N.
Maracaibo, a great lake of S. America, 200
milea long, and 70 broad, which communicatea
with the gulf of Maracaibo through a narrow
strait, which ia well defended by atrong forts, —
This lake is easily navigated, and carriea veaaels
of tfae greatest burden.
Maracana, t Brazil, 80 ra. N. N, E, Para, Lon,
49° W, LatO°27'S,
Maracoy, or Morocoo, t. S. Araerica, 40 m, S,
W, Caracca?, Pop, 8,400.
Maracu, r. Brazil, which runs into the gulf of
San Luis de Maranham, in lat, 3° 40' S,
Maraga, t. Persia, in Azerbijan, 68 ra, N. Ta-
breez, Lon, 46° 2ff E, Lat. 37° 2ff N. -Pop,
15,000. Maraga, t. Upper Egypt, on the left bank of
the Nile, 6 ra, S. Tahta,
Maroh, in Sac, Geog, a place in the Arabian
desert, fEunous for its bitter or salt springs,
Marajo Island. See Joannes.
Maramee, r. Missouri, which joins the Missis
sippi, 18 m. below St, Louis. It ia navigable 350
miles, Maranda, fief, Buckinghara co. Lower Canada,
on the S, side of the St, Lawrence, 20 ra, S, W.
Quebec, Maranham, province, Brazil, which compre
hends the island of that narae, and part of tfae ad
jacent continent. It is bounded E, by Seara, N,
by the Atiantic, and W. by Psu-a, Cotton is tfae
staple production, with augar and rice, aeveral
cargoea of whicfa are annually exported,.
Maranham, isl, Brazil, at the raouth of three
rivers. It is 31 railes long, very fertile, and well
inhabited, St Louis de Maranham, the capital
of the province, is on the island, II is very strong,
and has a stout castle built on a rock, towards the
sea, which commands a very convenient harbor,
Lon. 43° 37' W, Lat, 2° 3ff S,
Morona, t Auafrian Italy, on tfae Adriatic, 40
m. E, Treviao, Pop, 1,000.
Marano, t Naplea, in the Terra di Lavoro, 6 m,
N,W, Naplea, Pop, 6,600,
Maranon. See Amazon.
Marar.s, t France, in Lower Charente, 3 m,
from the aea, 12 m. N, N, E. La RocheUe, Pop,
4,700, Marontobuan, amall isl. in the Eaatern seas, N,
of Borneo, Lon, 1 17° 39' E. Lat 6° 55' N,
Moras, r, IlUnois, which runa into the Missis
sippi, Marasind Islands, 2 small ialanda in the Eastern
aeas, Lon, 118° 2ff E. Lat. 5° Iff S.
Moratea, t Naples, in the BasiUcata, on the
gulf of Policastro, and divided into Maratea Infe-
riore, and Superiore, 10 m, S. E. Policsiatro, Pop,
4,100, Marathon, v. on the E, shore of Attica, famoua
for the victory of Miltiadea over the Peraiana ; 20
ra. N. E. Athena,
Marathon, p-t and cap, Lawrence co, Alabama,
on Tennessee river, at the head of the Muscle
shoals, 45 m, W, Huntaville,
Marati, band of deaporate piratea, on the N, E,
coast of Madagascar,
Maratonisi, t Greece, in the Morea, on a gulf
to which it givea name, 22 ra, S, W. Malvasia,
Moratuba, islands in the Eastern seas, off the E,
coast of Borneo, Lon, 118° 35' E, Lat, 2° 15' N,
Marawas, or Mardwar, district, India, on the E.

MAR
shore, opposite Ceylon, between 9° and 10° N, lat
60 milea long, by 40 broad,
Marawil, t. Ceylon, 14 ra, N, Negombo,/
Morazion, or Market Jew, t. Eng. in Cornwall,
on St Mount's bay. Lon. 5° 17' W. Lat. 50° 7' N.
Pop. 1,248.
Marblehead, p-t. Eaaex co, Maaa. 4 m, S, E. Sa
lem, 16 N. E, Boaton. Lat 42° 32' N. Lon. 70°
50' W. It containa a bank, a cuatom-house, aad 5
houses for public worship, 2 for Congregational
ists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Methodists, and 1
for Baptists. The harbor lies in front of the town,
and extenda from S. W. to N.E. about a mile and
a half in length, and ia half a mfle broad, Itis
convenient, and well defended by Fort Sewall.
The inhabitants'of this town are more extensive
ly engaged in the bank fisheries than Emy other in
the U. S. Pop, in I8I0, 6,900,
Marbletawn, p-t, Ulster co. N. Y. 10 m, W,
Kingaton. Pop, 3,363.
Marboz, t France, in Ain, 12 m. N. Bourg;,
Pop. 2,500.
Marburg, t. Germany, in Hesse-Casael, on the
Lahn. A university was establiahed here in
1627, whicfa has 200 atudenta. Pop. 6,500. 45 m,
S, W. Cassel.
Marburg, t. Austrian states, on the Drave. It
ia the capital of a circle, and containa 5,000 in
habitants. The circle of Marburg has an area of
1,330 sq. railes, and 173,000 inhabitants. 116 p,
S, by W, Vienna, Lon, 14° 42'E. Lat 46° 34' N,
Marcasi, 3 srasdl islands off the coast of Peru,
Lat 11° 30' S.
Marcellus, p-t OnondEigo co. N. Y. on Skenea-
telea lake, 10 m, \V. Onondago, 60 W. Utica.
Pop. 4,725. In thia town ia the viUage of Ske-
uealeles. Marcenat, t. France, in Cantal, 14 m. N. by W.
Murat Pop. 2,100.
March, t Eng. in the isle of Ely, and county of
Cambridge, lira. fr. Wisbeach, 80 fr. London,
Lon, 0° 6' E. Lat 52° 34' N. Pop. 3,098,
Morchand Island, iu the Pacific oceEm, Lon,
142° IffW, Lat 9° 21' S,
Marche, t Netherlands, in Liege, 30 m. S. Na
raur, Pop, 1,400,
Marche, t. Fnuice, in Vosges, 26 ra. W. S, W,
Epinal, Pop. 1,600,
Marcheck, t. Lower Ausfria, on the Morava, 14
m. N. W. Presburg, Lon. 16° 6ff E. Lat 48° 15'
N, Pop. 1,400,
Marchienne au Pant, t Netherlands, in Hai
nault, 18 m. E. by S. Mons. Pop. 1,200.
Marchiennes, t. France, in North, 9 m. W. N,
W. Valenciennes, Pop. 2,200,
Marciac, t France, iu Gei-s, 10 m.W. Mirande,
Pop. 1,500.
Marcianise, or Jlfareianisi, t Naples, in the
Terra di Lavoro, 13 m. N, Naples, Fop, 5,70a
Marcilk, t. France, in Mayenne, 6 m,E, May
enne. Pop, 1,200.
MarcoUes, t. Fi-ance, in Cantal, 17 m. S. W.
Aurfllac. Pop. 1,350.
Marcus hook, p-t. Delaware co. Pa. on the Dela'
ware, 20 m. below Philadelphia.
Mardou, ial. Norway, in the Sound. Lon, 8°
56'E, Lat 68° 14' N,
Moreb, r, Sennaar, in Africa, which faUa into
the Tacazze, about 156 m, above the junction of
that river with the Nile,
Marecelua,^. Italy, which falla into the gulf of
Venice, at Rimini,

MAR
Marechd'ux, Cape, <xa the S. coast of Hispanio
la. Lon. 73° 2ff W. Lat. 18° IffN.
Jtfare meg. See Jifaromec.
JKaremma, La, the name given to a country in
Italy, extending along the S. W. coast, frora Leg
horn on the N. sis far as Terracina on the Nea
politan frontier. Many parts of it are marshy,
and the whole unhealthy,
Marengo, v. Sardinian states, ou tfae Bormida,
Here waa fought, on the 14th June 1800, the
memorable battle of Marengo, between the
French and Auatriana. 5 m, S, E. Alessandria,
60 E, by S, Turin. Pop. 2,200.
Jtfarengo, co. Alabama, on the E. aide of the
Torabigbee. Marennes, t. France, in Lower-Charente, 26
m. S. RocheUe. Pop. 4,700.
Mareotis, an extenaive lake of Egypt, S. of Al
exandria, separated frora the Mediterranean by a
narrow strip of land. On the E. it ia separated
by a neck of land equally narrow, frora the lake
of Aboukir.
Mareshali, in Sao, Geog, t, Palestine, in the
tribe of Judah,
Maretima, (an. Hiera,) araall ial. of the Medi
terranean, belonging lo the .Sgadea group, about
20 ra. frora the W, coaat of Sicily, Lon, 12° 16'
E, Lat, 38° 4' N,
MargaUaway, r. which riaea in tfae faighlEmda
that separate Maine from Canadsi, and flowing S,
into New Hampshire, receives the waters of Um
bagog lake, and tEikes the narae of Androacoggin,
Margam, v. WEdea, in Glaraorgan, 7 ra, frora
Briton Ferry,
Marganin, t Prussian Poland, 38 ra, W, S, W,
Broraberg, Pop, 1,700.
MorgareVs Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. 143°
24' W. Lat20°2ffS.
Margarettsvilk, v. Washington co. Md. 10 ra. S.
by E. Elizabethtown,
Margariti, t Eu, Turkey, in Albania, near the
sea coast, on the site of the ancient Gytanm. Pop,
6,000, Morgoritta, Spanish isl. in the Carribbean sea,
on the coast of CumEraa, SO ra, in circuraference.
The soil ia poor, and unfit for cultivation. It is
the poaition of this island, so near the Spaniah
settlements, being separated from Terra Firma
by a strait of only 8 leagues, that givea it its pe
culiar importance. There are but three ports.
The principal ia Pampatar, on the S. E, side of
the island. It is there that all the fortifications
deemed requiaite for the defence of the island,
are placed. The capital city is Assumption,
built almost in the centre of the island. Pop.
14,000, of whom 6,500 are whitea, 2,000 Indiana,
and 6,500 alavea imd freed persons. Their prin
cipal riches are in the pearl fisheries estabUshed
in the island of Coche, in the raiddle of the chan
nel. Lon. 64° and 66° W. Lat, 10° 56' N.
Margate, s-p. Eng. in Kent, at the mouth of the
Tharaes. Margate is chiefly aupported by the
nuraerous visitors which resort hither in suraraer,
and the buaineaa which their reaidence occEiaious.
Since the invention of ateam veaaela, the town haa
wonderfully increased, in order to accommodate
the vast numbers brought by this expeditious con
veyance. Six steam packets sire eraployed in
auraraer, atarting two each day frora Margate and
London, entirely auperaeding the original aailing
packets. In the suramer of 1819, the number of
passengers carried to and from London was 42, 120.

MAR

439

72 m. E. by S. London. Lon. 1° 2ff E. Lat. 61°
2ff N. Pop. 6,849.
Margeesera, t. India, in Mysore. Lon. 77° 23^
E. Lat, 13° 6ff N.
Marganin, t. Prusaian Poland, 40 m. N. by E.
Posen. Pop. 1,700.
Margot, r, Mississippi, wfaicfa joina the Misais
sippi, in lat 35° 2ff N,
Marguerite, isl, in the Mediterranean, on the
S, E. coast of France, Lon, 7° 3' E. Lat, 43°
31' N,
Marguerites, t. France, in Gard, 5 ra. N. E,
Nismes, Pop, 2,100.
jlfaria, t. New Granada, 32 leagues fr. Car
thagena. Maria, t. Gaspe district, Lower Canada, on
Chaleur bay.
Mario, r. lUinois, wfaich faUs into the Missis
sippi. Maria, r. Missouri Territory, which rises in th^
Rocky mountains, and joins the Missouri, 50 m.
below the great falls.
Maria, Cape, isl. off the N. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 135° 534' E, Lat 14° 6ff S.
Mario, Von Diemen, the N, W, point of New
Zealand. Lon. 172° 42' E. Lat, 34° SO' S.
Maria's Island, isl, in the Southern ocean, off
the E. coast of Van Dieraen'a Land. Lon. 143°
2ffE. Lat 42° 42' S.
Maria de Leuca, t. Naples, in Terra di Otranto,
near the promontory of Leuca, 25 m. S, by W.
Otrauto. Moriager, s-p, Denraark, in North Jutland. Lon,
10° ff 15" E, Lat 56° Sff 5" N,
Mariana, or Marianne Islands. See Ladrones.
Mariana, t. Brazil, 8 ra, E, Villa Rica, Pop,
6,000, Morionella, v. Italy, in the Terra di Lavoro,
near Naples, Pop. 1,400,
Marianne Islarids, 3 small islanda in Lake Borg
ne, 5 m, from tfae coaat of Misaiaaippi,
Marias las Tres, 3 small islands off Guadalaxa
ra, in Mexico, Lat 21° 16' N, Lon, 106° 17' W.
Marias Islands, 3 uninhabited islanda in the Pa-
cijic ocean. The most northern and largest is 13
milea long, 204 ra. E, S, E, Cape SI. Lucas,
Lon, of anchoring pl'dce, 253° 54' E, Lat 21°
2ff N,
Moriavilk, t Hancock co, Maine, 40 m, N, E,
Castine. Marie, r. Illinois, which runs into the Missiaaip
pi between the Auvaae and tfae Kaskaskias,
Marie, Cape Dame, tfae W, point of St, Domin
go, which, with the Cape St Nicholas, forms the
entrance of the bay of Leogane, Lon. 74° 26' W.
Lat 18° 38' N. 60 leagues W, Portau Prince,
Mariegalante, ial. W, Indiea, between Guada
loupe and Dominica, 42 ra, in circuraference, Lon.
61" Iff W. Lat 15° 5ff N,
Morienberg, t. Gerraany, in Ssixony, It has
rainea of ailver, fron, vitriol, and tin, 35 m, S. W,
Dreaden. Pop. 2,600.
Marienburg, t W, Pruaaia, on the Nogat Here
are extenaive breweriea and distilleries. 26 ra.
S, S, E, Dantzic, Lon, 19° 1' E, Lat 54° 1' N.
Pop. 7,200,
Marienwerder, one of tfae two governraents into
which W, Prussia is now divided. Area, 6,880
sq, rafles. Pop, 302,000, Marienwerder, t, W.
Prussia, the capital, is on the Nogat, 43 m, S, of
Dantzic, 90 S, W, Konigsberg, Lon, 18° 4ff E.
Lat 53° 44' N, Pop, 5,100.

440

MAR

Marienzell, t. Austrian statea, 6 m, W, S, W,
Bsiden. It is the Loretto of Austria, The crowds
who resort to a chapel here are imraense.
Mariestadt, I. Sweden, on the lake Wennes, 60
m. S, W, Orebro, Pop, 1,100,
Marietta, p-v. Onondago co. N. Y.
Marietta, borough and p-t Lancaster co. Pa. on
the E. aide of the Susquehannah, 12 m. W. Lan
caster, Marietta, p-t, and cap, Washington co. Ohio, on
the W, bank of the Ohio river, iramediately above
the raouth of Muskingura river, 178 ra. below
Pittsburg, 93 E, by N, ChiUicothe, 109 S. E, Co
lumbus, 61 S, E, Zanesville, Lat. 39° 2ff N. Lon,
81° 20' W, It contains the county buildings, a
land office, an academy, bank, printing office, and
Presbyterian meeting-house. During 7 years
frora 1800 lo 1807, ship-building was carried on
here to a considerable extent ; and since 1816 this
business has revived. The situation of the town
is unfortunate ; parts of it being liable lo annual
inundation. Pop. in 1810, 1,463,
Marigliano, t. Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 12
m, E. N. E, Naplea, Pop, 5,500,
Marignone, t, France, in Mouths-of-tfae-Rhone,
14 ra, W, Aix, Pop, 1,600,
Marignana, or Malegnano, t. Austrian Italy, in
Milan, 8 m, W, N, W, Lodi, Pop. 4,C00,
Marigny, t FrEuice, in La Msmche,' 6 ra. W,
St, Lo, Pop, 3,800,
Marigny, t France, in Saone-and-Loire, 12 ra,
S, W. CharoUes, Pop, 2,600.
Marindugera, one of the Philippine islands, near
the S, coast of Lucon, Lon. 121° 51' E. Lat 13°
2ff N.
Maringues, t. France, in Puy-de-Dorae, 14 m.
N. W. Thiers, Pop. 3,800.
Marino, I. Statea of the Church, 12 ra, S, E,
Rorae. Marion, district, S. C, Pop, 8,884, Slave?,
2,771, Chieftown, Gilesborough, At the court
house' is a post-office.
Marion, formerly Wilkinson, co, Geo, Pop,
2,154, Slaves, 318,
Morion, p-l, and cap, Twiggs co, Geo,
Marion, co, Alabama, between the Tuscaloosa
and Tombigbee rivers,
Marion, co, Mississippi, on Pearl river. Pop,
in 1816, 1,701. Slaves, 686, Chieftown, Fords,
Marian, co, Ohio, forraed in 1820, in the Indian
Reservation, Marion and CrozeV s Islands, four islands in the
Indian ocean, Lon, 47° E. Lat 48° S.
Mariotte, t. Switz. in Ticino, 5 ra. S. by W, Lu
gano. Mariquila, city. New Granada, 80 ra. S. Santa
Fe. Lon.74°ffW. Lat 6° IffN.
Marilico, i . S. America, in Carthagena, which
runa into the Spanish Main, in lon, 76° 42' W, lat,
8° ff N.
Marivelas, or Marivelk Bay, bay on the W. coast
of Lucon. Lon. 120° 24' E. Lat 14° Sff N.
Marivelas, or MoriveUe, one of the smaller Phi
lippine islands,
Mariupol, t. Eu. Ruasia, on the sea of Azoph, at
the mouth ofthe Kalmius, 140 m. S. E. Ekaterin
oslav. Pop. 2,000,
Marissa, or Marissa, the ancient Hebrus, r. Eu.
Turkey, which passes by Philipopoli, Adrianople,
and Trajanopoli, and runs into a bay of the Archi
pelago, called the gulf of Enoa.
Mark, co. Germany, in the Prussian province
of Westphalia. Exti-nt, 667 ?'.]uare mfles. Pop.

MAR
132,000. It is traversed by the Lippe and- tlie
Roer. Tfae chieftown is Harara.
Marken, isl. Netherlands, in the Zuyder-Zee,
10 m. E. AmsterdEun.
Market Bosworth. See Bosworth.
Market Deeping, t. Eng. in Lincoln co. Lon. 0°
18' W. Lat 52° 42'N.
Marlcet Drayton, t. Eng, in Salop co, lira, S,E.
Whitchurch, 154 N, W, London, Lon, 2° 29' W.
Lat 62° 56' N. Pop. 3,370.
Market Harborough. See Harborough.
Market Jew. See Morazion.
Market Weighton, I. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the
road from York to HuU. Lon, 0° 4ff W, Lat 53°
52' N, Pop, 1,508.
Markinch, v.. ScoUand, in Ffl'eshire, 10 m, S, W,
Cupar, Markisch-Friedland, t. West Prussia, 15 m. W,
by N. Deutsche-Cron. Pop. 2,000.
Mark-Lissa, t Prussian atates, on the Queiss, 15
m, S, E, Gorlilz, Pop, 1,300.
Markolsheim, t. France, 32 m. S. E. Strasburj.
Pop. 1,500.
Marks, Lake of, or Shibkah el Lowdeah, lake in
the S. part of Tunis, 60 miles long, Emd 18 broad.
Il is supposed by Dr. Shaw to be the Palus Trito-
nis of the ancienta.
Marlborough, t Eng. in Wiltshire, on the Ken
net. It aends two raembers to parUament 74 m.
W. London. Lon. 1° 4ff W. Lat 51° 25' N. Pop.
2,579. Marlborough, t GreenviUe co. Up. Canada.
Marlborough, t Middlesex co. Up, Canada.
Marlborough, t Cheshfre co. N. H. 5 m, S, E.
Keene. Pop 1,142.
Marlborough, p-t Windham co. Vt 44 m. S,
Windsor. Pop. 1,245.
Marlborough, p-t Middlesex co. Masa. 16 m. E.
Worcester, 27 W, Boston. Pop. 1,674,
Marlborough, p-t. Hartford co, Ct 17 m, S, E,
Hartford, Pop- 720.
Marlborough, t Ulster co. N. Y. on the Hudson,
23 ra, below Kingston. Pop. 1,964. It has 2 hons-
ea of public worship, 1 for Quakers, and I for
PresbyteriEms. Marlborough. See Winnfield.
Marlborough, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 672.
Marlborough, East, t. Chester co. Pel Pop,
1,046, Marlborough, West, t Chester co. Pa, Vof.
917, Marlborough, Lower, p-v. Calvert co, Md. on
the Patuxent ; 30 m. S, W, Annapolis.
Marlborough, Upper, p-t and cap. Prince George
CO, Md. on the Patuxent, 21 ra, S. W. Annapolis,
Marlborough, district, S, C. Pop. 4,966, Slaves,
1,709. At the court-house is a post-office,
Marlborough, t. Delaware co. Ohio. Pop. 206.
Mark, t. France, iu Aisne, 106 ra. N, by E, Paris,
Pop, 1,600,
Marky's Stare, p-v. Sampson co. N. C.
Morlow, t. Cheshire co, N, H. 33 ra. W, Con
cord, Pop, 566,
Marlow, Great, borough and t Eng, in Bucking
hamshire, near the Thames, 31 m. W, by N,
London, Lon, 0° 4ff W, Lat. 51° 34' N, Pop.
2,799. Marlstrand, isl. off tiie S. W. coast of Sweden,
Lon, 11° 29' E, Lat. 57° 5ff N.
Marli;, t, France, in Aisne, on the Oise, 6 m, E,
Guise." Pop, 1,000,
.Marly-k-Roi, t, France, in Seine-and-Oise, 5

MAR
m, N, Versaillea, 10 W, Paris, famous for its mag
nificent gEu-dens and waler worka. Pop, 1,200.
Marmagnac, t. FrEmce, in Cantal, 3 m. E. Au
rillac. Pop. 1,900.
JMarmande, t France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on
the Garonne, 34 m. S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop. 6, 100,
Marmora, ial, in the aea of Marmora, 30 milea in
cfrcumference, 60 ra, S. W, Constantinople.
Marmora, Sea of, a body of water, 90 milea long
and 33 broad, between Europe and Asia, commu
nicating with the Euxiue sea through the straits of
Constantinople, and with the Archipelago through
the strait of the Dardanelles.
Jllarmortce, s-p. A. Turkey, at the head of a bay,
neEurly opposite the island of Rhodes, The har
bour is one ofthe finestin the world. Lon. 28° SI'
E, Lat 36° 52' N,
Mame, r, France, which rises near Langres,
and after a course of 220 milea, fjUla into the Seine
at Charenton, a few miles above Paris,
Mame, a department in the N. E. of France,
Extent, 3,200 sq, miles. Pop. in 1816, 311,000,
Wine is the great product, CliEdons sur Marne is
the capital,
Jlfarne, Upper, a departraent in the N, E. of
France. Extent, 2,560 sq, miles. Pop. 238,000.
The principal product is wine. Upwards of
500,000 acres are covered with forests. The
nuraber of iron mines is 26 ; the workmen, about
4,000; the quEmtity of iron furnished, nearly
20,000 tons, ofwhich the half is wrought, the half
eaat iron, Chauraont ia the capital,
Mame, t Denmark, in Holatein, 6 ra, N, W.
Brunsbuttel, Pop, 900,
Mara, t Piedmont, 9 m, N. W. Oneglia, Pop.
1,800. Maralles les Breaux, t. France, in Sarthe, 8 m.
S, by W, Mamers, Pop, 1,800.
Marammes, t. France, in Lower-Seine, 3 m, N,
W, Rouen. Pop. 1,500,
Maronda, t. Hind, in Ajraeer. Lon. 75° 7' E, Lat.
26° 4ff N.
Maroni, or Marawina, r. S, America, in Guia-
na, which runs into the Atlantic, in lon. 56° 14'
W. lat 6° 52' N.
Marosch, or Moras, r, Austrian states, which ria
es among the Carpathian mountains, crosses Tran
sylvania, and Hungary proper, and faUa into the
"Teisse oppoaite Szegedin.
Mdrastica, t, Auatrian Italy, 11 ra, N. Vicenza,
Pop, 1,600.
Moras, t Transylvania, 62 m, N, E, Carlshurg,
Pop, 10,000.
Marpoch, or Marbach, t Wirtemberg, at the
confluence of tfae Neckar and the Murr, 11 ni. N,
by E, Stutgard, Lon, 9° 21' E. Lat,48°5ff N, Pop,
2,100. Marple, t Eng, in Cheshire, 4i m, E, S, E,
Stockport, Pop, 2,254,
Marple, t Delaware co. Pa, Pop, 649.
Marq en Bareul, t. France, dep, of the North,
3 ra. 9f, E, Lisle, Pop. 2,000.
Marquois, t France, in Dordogne, 6 ra. N. W.
Sarlat Pop. 1,200.
Marquesado, Villa del, t, Mexico, 48 leagues S,
E, Mexico, Lon, 277° Iff W, Lat, 18° 2' N,
Marquesas, Marquis of Mendosa's Islands, or
Mendoca Islands, a cluster of islanda in the South
Pacific ocean, extending from 138|° to ]40J° W,
lon. and from 8i° to I0J° S. lat Various accounts
are given of the soil of these islands; but all ac
counts agree that the inhabitants are remarkable
for the beautiful proportions of their body and the
56

MAR

441

regularity of their features. They are all atrong,
tall, and extremely active. Pop. eatiraated at
60,000. Marquis Islands, cluater of smaU ialands in the
Florida stream. Lon, 81" 30' VV, Lat 24° 36' N,
Marquise, I. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 6 m, N.
E, Boulogne. Pop. 1,400.
Marr, district, Scothind, in Aberdeenahire, con-
lEiining 900 sq, miles. Pop, 53,000,
Marraboo, t. Bambarra, in Central Africa, on
the upper part ofthe Niger, 150 m. S. W, Sego,
Marrah, t. Syria, 40 ra, S, W, Aleppo,
Marrat, t France, in Puy-de-Dorae, 11 m, S.
Thiers. Pop. 2,400.
Marroy, I. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 11 m. N,
Tours. Pop, 1,000,
Marr's bluff, p-v. Liberty co. S. C,
Marsac, t France, in Puy-de-Dome, 6 ra, S, E.
Arabert. Pop. 3,000.
Marsaglia, t. Piedmont, 6 m. N. E. Mondovi,
Marsal, t. France, in Meurthe, 17 m, N, E,
Nancy, Pop. 1,400.
Marsala, t Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, at the
W, extremity of the island, on the promontory of
Lilubffium. 46 m. S. W. Palerrao. Lon, 12° 27'
E. Lat, 37° 62' N. Pop. 10,000,
Marsden, v. Engi in Yorkshire, 18 m, from Man
chester. Pop, 1,800.
Mors Diep, a passage from the Gerraan ocean
into the Zuyder-Zee, between the extremity of
North Holland and the Texel, It is the principal
p'dssage both for merchantmen and shipa of war, ,
Murseillan, t. France, in Herault, 4 m, N, E.
Agde, Pop, 3,200.
Marseilles, a large and commercial city in the
S, of France, cap, of the Mouths-of-tlie-Rhone,
on the Mediterranean, The city, with its envi
rons, is inclosed by rocky hills. It is divided
into the Old and New Town, The New Town,
conlEiining nearly two-thirds of the wfaole, ia equal
in beauty to any town of France. Ila streets are
broad and straight, its squares spacioua and hand
some, its buildings remarkable tor their elegance.
The port extends into the heart of the town, is
completely sheltered from all winds, and remEiins
perfectly tranquil in the most violent storms. It
owes this security chiefly to the narrowness ofthe
entrance, which does not exceed 100 yards, being
confined by two projecting rocks, one on each
side. On these are situated two forts for the de
fence of Uie harbour. Tfae harbour is capable of
containing nearly l,O00 merchant vessels ; but it is
not of suflicient depth lo float ships of war.
From its advantsigeous position, and the securi
ty of its hajbour, Marseilles has long enjoyed a
large share of the foreign trade of France, It is,
on account of its lazaretto, the exclusive medium
of intercourse between France, the Levant, and
the N, coast of Africa, To these counfries alone
it exports annually, to the value ofa million ster
ling, in light woollens, silk, and colonial produce.
It is a central point for the trade with Spain and
Italy. Il faas also extensive transactions with
Holland, England, the Baltic, North Araerica, and
the W. Indies. The most important manufactures
are soap; of these there are 75 separate establish
ments, which consume annuaUy from 1,200 tg
1,500 tona of olive oil. 180 m, S. byE. Lyons,
SOO E. N. E. Bourdeaux, 450 S. S. E. P-aria. Lon.
6° 22' E. Lat 43° 17' N. Pop. 1 1 0,000.
Marshall's mills, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa.
Marshallsville, p-v. Mecklenburg co, Va.
MarshalUon, p-v. Che?1er co. Pa.

442

MAR

Marshfkld, t, Eng. in Gloucester, 11 m. from
Briatol, 106 W. London, Lon, 2° 17' W, Lat 61°
2ff N, Pop, 1,415,
Marshfkld, p-t, Washington co. Vt, 12 m, E,
MontpeUer, Pop, 513,
Marshfield, p-t, Plymouth co. Mass, on the aea
coast, 16 m. N, Plymouth, Pop, 1,364,
Marsh island, isl. Maine, at the Great falla in
Penobscot river, 4 m. above Bangor,
Marshpee, t, Barnstable co. Mass, on the sea
coast, 13 m, S, W, Bamstable, Pop, 139,
Marshy hope, r, Md, the N, W, branch of the
Nanticoke, Marsico Nuovo, t. Naples, in Principato Citra,
23 m, N. by W, Policastro, It is the see of a bishop.
Pop, 6,800,
Marsico Vecchia, or Vetere, t. Naples, in Basili-
eata, 14 ra, S, Potenza, Pop, 2,650,
Marsillac, t. France, in Gironde, 9 m, N, Bour
deaux, Pop, 1,800.
Morsom's Key, sraall isl. in the Spanish Main,
Lon. 82° 5ff W. Lat 12° ff N.
Morstal, t. Denraark, in the island of Arroe, 10
m, S, S. W. Rudkiobing. Pop, 800,
Marston, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
Megantick lake.
Jiarstrand, t Sweden, at the entrance of the
Cattegat, 23 m, N. N, W. Gottenburg. Lou. 11"
SffE. Lat57°5ffN. Fop. 1,200.
Martaban, a province of the Birman empire,
between 1^" and 17° N. lat. and between 97° Euid
99° E. lon, Ita principal produce is pepper, car-
daraums, rice, salt, and flsh. Being situated be
tween Pegue and Siam, it has frequently changed
masters ; but in 1745 it weis conquered, together
with Pegue, by the Birmans, Martaban, tfae cap
ital, is a seaport, in lon. 97° SO' E, lat 16° Sff N,
Martel, t France, in Lot, 19 m, N. E, Gourdon.
Pop. 2,800.
Martello, Cape, the S. point of tfae ialand of Neg
ropont, in Greece. Lon, 24° 39' E, Lat 38° N,
Martha Brae Harbour, t. on the N, coaat of Ja
maica, 7 leagues W. Montego point, Lon, 77° 32'
W, Lat 18°31'N,
Martlia's river, r. Missouri Territory, which
runs into the Missouri 60 m, above the raouth of
the Yellowstone,
Martha' sville, v. Miasouri, ou the river Missou
ri, 40 m. W. St diaries.
Martha's Vineyard, isl. Maas. forming part of
Dukes CO. It lies a Uttle W. of Nantucket, be
tween 40° 17' and 41° 29' N, lat and between 70°
22' and 70° 50' W, lon. It ia 21 rafles long, and on
an average, 6 broad, and contains about 3,000 in
habitants. Cattle and sheep are raised here in
great numbers, and grain in sufficient quantity for
the aupply of the inhabitants. The chief town is
Eilgartown, On the N. side is Holmes' hole,
wliich ia a famoua place of resort for veaaela bound
to Boston, or the eastward. Fifty or sixty vessels
are frequently seen here wailing for a fair wind.
Marthakn, t. Switz, in Zurich, 5 m, S, Schaff
hausen, Pop. 1,600,
Marlham, parish, Eng, in Norfolk, 6 m. N, W,
by N, from Caister, Pop. 679,
Marti, or Marty, t. France, in Pas de Calai?.
Pop. 2,000,
Marlick, t Lancaster co. Pa. Pop, 1,623,
Martigny, in Switzerland, Seo Marlinach.
Martigues, Les, t. France, in Moutha-of-tlie-
B.hono, on the lake of Martigues. It was fonnerlv
a pbct; of coii?idcrablc strength, 2'2 m, N, \V,

MAR
Marseilles, 24 S, W, Aix. Lon. 4° SffE. Lat43»
23' N. Pop. 6,800. ,
Martin, or Isle Martin, v. Scotland, (in Ross-
shire, on the W. coast, 6 m. N. UUappol.
Martin, co. N. C. inclosed by the countiea of
Tyrrel, HaUfax, Bertie, and Pitt Pop. 5,987,
Slaves, 2,367. Chief town, Williaraston.
Martin, Cape, cape, Spain, on the coast of Va
lencia. Lon, 0° ff E. Lat 38° 47' N.
Martin, Point, the N. W. point of Comtroller's
bay, on the N, W. coast of America. Lon. 215° 36'
E.Lat 60° ISi'N.
Martin's, Sir Henry's, Islands. See Hergesl's
Islands, Martin de CaurtesoUes, t. France, in Mame, 6
m. E. N. Chalons aur Marne. Pop. 2,200.
Martin de Londres, t France, in Herault, 12
m, N. N. W. MontpeUer. Pop. 1,300.
Martin, Vas, Islands of, 3 amall ialands iu the
Atlantic ocean. Lon. 25" 4ff W, Lat 20° 31' S.
Martina, t Naplea, in the Terra di Otranto, 13
-m. W. N. W, Otranto.
Marlinach, or Martigny, t. Swias canton of the
Valaia, at the confluence of the Rhone and the
Drance, II ra, W, Sion.
Martinengo, t. Austrian ItEdy, 25 m. N, E, by
E, Milan, Pop. 3,000.
Martinet, Cape, proraontory on the S. E. coast
of Ivica, Lon. 1° 28' E. Lat 38° 54' N.
Martinico, ial. in the W. Indiea, srad one of the
largest of the CEuribbees, being 60 mfles from N. W.
to S. E. and 140 in cfrcumference. It is very un
even, and intersected iu aU parts by hiUocks.
Three mountains rise above these sraaUer emi
nences. The highest bears the marks ofa volca
no. The principal productiona are sugar, coffee,
cassia, cotton, indigo, cocoa, ginger, &c. It has
numerous bays and harbours, which afford a cer
tain shelterfrom the hurricsmes which infest these
latitudes. In 1769, 1788, and 1810, the exports
were as follow : Imports. Exports.
1769, £588,412, £536,631
1788, 1,195,111, 1,201,375
1810, 635,664, 791,773
In 1794, tfae island was taken by the British,
and restored to FrEmce in 1 802. It was again ta
ken in 1809, and restored in 1815. Pop. in 1700,
21,640; in 1732, 80,000; andin 1810, according
to a return made to the British house of commons,
96,413, of whora 78,577 were slaves, 8,630 free
persons of color, and 9,206 whites. The principal
towns are Port Royal, the capital, and St Pierre.
Lon, of Uie Port de France, 61° 5' 45" W. Lat 14*
35' 49" N.
Martinico, Little, one of the Grenadineislands,
in the West Indiea. Lon,61°IffW. Latl3°3ffN.
Martinsborough, now Jonesville, p-t Surry co,
N, C, on the S. side of Tar river, 20 m. above
Washington. Martinsburg, p-t, and cap. Lewis co. N. T. 4J
m, N, Utica, 34 S, Browuville. Pop. 889.
Martinsburg, p-t. Berkley to. Va. 8 m. S. of the
Potomac, 25 fr, Bath, 24 N. E.Winchester, 80 N.
W, Washington, It contains a court-houae and
jail, 2 churches, and about 80 dwelUng houses.
Martinsburg, p-t. Hopkins co. Ken.
Martin's creek, p-v. Northampton co. Pa.
Marlinsville, p-t, Henry co. Va. 40 m. W, Pitt
sylvania, 166 S, W, Petersburg,
Marlinsville, p-t and cap, Guflford co, N, Con
'he E. side ofBuffalo creek, a branch (rfHaw river

MAR

MAR

443

48 m. N. W, Hillsborough, 27 E. Salem. Lon, 79°
4ff W. Lat 36° 5' N. In the neighborhood of Uiis
town a battie waa fought 15tb March, 1781, be
tween the AmericEina and the British.
Martinsville, Louisiana, See St. Marlinsville.
Martizay, t France, in Indre, 14 m. N. Le
Blanc. Pop. 1,700.
Martodt, t Eng. in Soraerset, 4i m. W, S, W,
Ilchester, Pop, 2,366.
Marlon, t. Eng, in Cheahire, 4i m, S, W, Nor
wich. Marlon, t, Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m, S, E, Black
pool, Pop, 1,093,
Marlon, v. Eng. in Lincolnshire, on the Trent,
5 m. S. by E. Gainsborough,
Marian, v. Eng, in Westmoreland, 3 m, fr, Ap
pleby, Martorano, t. Naples, in Calabria Cifra, It ia
the see of a bishop, 20 m, N, W, Squillace,
Martarell, t SpEun, in Catalonia, at the junc
tion ofthe Noya wifc the Llobregat, 9 m, N, W,
Barcelona. Marlary, t France, in Upper Gju-onne, on the
Garonne, 10 ra, N, by E, St, Gaudens. Pop.
1,000. Martos, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 10 ra. W, Jaen.
Pop. 6,000. .
Martyr's Reef and Rocks, between the gulf of
Mexico and the N, side of the Florida streara, Lon,
81° W. Lat 24° ff N,
Marua. See Maurua.
Maru Shah Jehan. See Mem.
Marvoo, t Portugal, 6 m. S. E, Valencia de Al-
cantarsi, in Spain. Pop. 1,300,
Marvejols, t. France, iu Lozere, 36 m. E, N, E.
Bodez, Pop, 3,700. *
Marvella, or Marbdla, s-p. Spain, in Granada,
84 m. W. S. W. Granada, 34 N, N, E. Gibral
tar. Pop. 8,000.
MarmUe, t France, in Meuse, 7 ra. S. E. Mont-
raedy, 24 N. N. E. Verdun. Pop. 1,000.
Morwar. See J-udpore.
Marwick Head, cape, Scotland, on the W. coast
of the island of Pomona, Lon. 3° 10' W , Lat 6 r 58' N,
Mary ann forge, p-v, Somersetco, Pa,
Maryborough, t. Ireland, in Queen's county,
near the Barrow, 48 m. N, Waterford, 43 S. W.
Dublin. Lon, 7° 2' W. Lat 53° N.
Maryburgh, v. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, near
Fort Williaraj on the S. aide of Locheil.
Maryland, p-t Otaego co. N. Y. 16 m, S, Coop-
eratown. Pop. 1,106,
Maryland, one of the United States, bounded
N, by Pennsylvania ; E. by Del.iware and the
Atlantic ; S, and W, by Virginia, It lies be
tween lon, 75° 10' and 79° 2ff W, lat 38° and
39° 44' N, and containa 13,959 aquare miles, or
8,933,760 acres, of whicfa one fifth is waler, —
Chesapeake bay runs through the State frora N,
to S, dividing it into two parts. The part eaat of
the bay ia called the eastern ahore, and the part
weat of the bay, the weatern shore. The State is
divided into 19 counties, 11 of whicfa are on tfae
weatern shore, and 8 on the eastem. Pop, in
1790, 319,728; in 1800,349,692; in 1810,380,546;
in'1820, 407,300, of whom 260,264 were whitea,
107,288 alavea, and 39,748 free blacks..
In the countiea on the eastern shore ofthe Ches
apeake,, the land is generally level and low, and
in many places ia covered with stagnant waters,
giving rise in the summer and fall months, to agues
and intermittent fevers. On the western shore,
the land below the lowest falls pf the river, is

principally level, and free from stones. Above
these falls the country becomes succeaaively une
ven and hilly, and in the western part of the Stale
is mountainous. The principal range of raoun
tains is the Blue Ridge or South Mountains, which
pass through the State in a northerly direction
from Virginia into Pennsylvania. The extreme
western part of the State is crossed by the AUe
ghany raountaina. Between theae and the Blue
Ridge iu-e several inferior chains, as Will's moun
tain, Evit'a Warrior, and Ragged mountaina, and
Sideling hill, — The aoil is well adapted to the cul
ture of tobacco and wheat, which are the staple
productiona ofthe State, Sorae cotton of inferior
quality is alao raised, and in the weatern countiea,
conaiderable quantitiea of flax and hemp. Two
articles are aaid to be pecuUar to Maryland; the
genuine white wheat, which grows in Kent, Queen
Ann's, and Talbot counties, on the eastern ahore ;
and the bright K/e'« /oo/ tobacco, whictf is produ
ced on aome parts of the western shore, south of
Baltimore, The forests abound with various kinds
of nuta, uaed for fattening hoga, which run wild in
the wooda, and are killed in considerable numbers
for exportation. Apples and peaches are abun
dant, and are raised for diatillation,
ExceUent roads proceed from Baltimore iiT,.ya-
rioua directions, 'There is a turnpike frora Balti
more to Curaberl'dud on the Potoraac, a distance
of 135 miles. From Curaberland to Brownsville
on the Monongahela in Pennsylvania, there is now
completed by the U, S. a free turnpike road, of
the raost superior conatruction. The distance ia
72 railea, raaking the whole distance from Balti
raore to Brownsville 207 mfles. Tfais is the short
est and best comraunication yet opened between
the tide water ofthe Atlantic and the navigable
western waters. — A turnpike extends from Balti
more in a N. W. direction 16 miles, to Roister
town, and there dividea ; one branch turning more
to the N, meeta the Pennsylvania line in 19 railes ;
the other in a W, N, W. direction, runa 29 railes
in Maryland. — A company was incorporated raa
ny years since by the States of Delaware and Ma
ryland, for opening a comraunication between
Delaware bay and the Chesapeake, by raeans of
a canal from Elk river to Christiana creek.
When completed it will be 22 miles long, and is
intended for vessela of 70 tona. The expense ia
estimated at $850,000,
Maryland was originally settled by Roman
Catholics, and they are the moat nunleroua de
nomination of Christians, The other denoraina
tions are Episcopalians, who had in 1811, 30
churchea, ahd 35 clergyraen, Baptists, Friends,
Pre-'ibyterians, &c. — There Eire several very res
pectable literary institutiona in Baltiraore, and
academies in various places. The legislature is
styled the general assembly, and is composed of a
aenate, consisting of 15 members, chosen for five
years by electors, and a houae of delegates, con
sisting of 4 from eacfa county, and 2 from each of
the cities of Annapolis and Baltimore, chosen an
nually. The governor and an executive council
of 5 persons, are chosen annually by a joint ballot
of botfa houses.
Iron ore abounda in various parta of the State,
and coal is found in inexhaustible quantities, and
of a supertor quality, on the Potomac, in the neigh
borhood of Cumberland. Furnaces have been
erected in VEurioua placea for tfae raanufacture of
iron and iron ware. Glass, paper, and whiskey
are also made in considerable quantities. The

444

MAS

value of manufactures in 1810, was $11,468,
794. The principal exporta are flour and tobacco.
The value of the exports for the year ending Sept.
30th 1820, waa $6,609,364, of whicfa $1,927,766
waa foreign produce. Maryland ia the third state
in the Union in amount of ahipping. In 1815, the
number of tona waa 156,062,
Maryland point, peninsula, Md, formed \)y a
bend in Potomac river, 12 ra. W. Port Tobacco,
Maryport, a-p, Eng, in Curaberland co, at the
mouth of the Ellen, THe trade consists chiefly in
the importation of timber from North Araerica,
and the exportation of coals to Ireland, 7 ra. N.
W. Cockermouth, 307 N. W, London, Lon, 3°
2ff W, Lat, 64° 4ff N, Pop, 3,000.
Marysburg, t. Prince Edward co. Up. Canada,
on the bay of Quinti.
Mary's river, r. Missouri, which runs intothe S.
side of the Osage river.
MarysviUe, t and cap. Charlotte co. Va,
MarysviUe, p-v. Campbell co, Va.
MarysviUe, p-t, and cap, Blount co. East Ten
nessee, 15 ra. S. KnoxviUe, Here is a bank,
MarysviUe, p-t. Harrison co. Ken.
Marza, t. Sicily, in the Val di Nolo, on the sea
coast, 10 ra. S. by W. Noto.
Marza Susa, a-p. Barca, in Africa, 6 ra. N. Cu
ren. Masaffran, 'r. Algiers, which falla into the Med
iterranean, in lon, 3° 13' E. lat 36° 40' N.
,Ma»a/'Me)'0, isl, in the Pacific ocean, 12 railes
in circumference. Lon, 80° 46' W, Lat 33° 46' S,
Masagron, s-p. Tlemsan, in Algiers, 20 in. N.E,
Arzew. Masbate, one ofthe Philippine islands, S, of Lu
con. Lon, 123° 2ff E. Lat 12" Iff N.
Mascali, t. Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 15 ra,
N, by E, Catania. Pop. 4,000.
Mascar, v. Algiers, 40 m. E. S. E. Oran,
Mascat, the most considerable seaport on (he E,
coast of Arabia, All the ports frora Rosalgale lo
the entrance of the gulf, are tributary to it. The
frade IS extensive with the British settlements in
India, the Malay peninsula, the Red sea, and the
E, coast of Africa, The government ofthe Iniaum
is the most civilized and orderly of any either in
Persia or Arabia, Britain favours the flag of Maa-
cal, recognizing it as neutral ; and in war it often
becomes the channel of coram'anicalion witfa the
eneray's ports. In short, Mascal is resorted to as
a sort of magazine, for goods, by vessels from every
port in Persia and Arabia, F,nglish vessels saiUug
between India and Bassorah, usually stop here,
Il carries on also a very large trade by caravan?,
with the Arabs of tfae interior. The town is walled
round, aud strongly fortified, Lon. 59° 15' E, Lat,
23" Sff N.
Mascomy, r, N. H, which risea in Smart's pond,
between Dorchester and Lyme, and flows S, into
Mascomy pond, Il then diachargea the watera of
the pond into Connecticut river,
Mascontin, r. Illinois, which empties into the
Wabash, between Vincennes and Fort Harrison.
Mascouche, r. Lower Canada, whioh falls into
the river SI, John about 12 railes before the latter
joins the St. Lawrence.
Maseoury, Point, de, cape on the N. coast of St.
Domingo. Lon, 71° Iff W, Lat 19° 4ff N,
Mas d'Aire, Le, v. France, in Landes, near
Aire. Mas d'Asil, t France, in Arriege, 25 ra. W,
Mirepoix. Pop, 2,500,
Maseyck, or Maaseyk, t, Netherlanda, in Lira-

M AS
burg, on the Muese, 9 ra, S, S. W, RitremoBde,
Pop, 3,400,
Masham, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 20m. from York.
Lon. 1°'3ff W. Lat 54° Iff N. Pop. 1,014.
Mashpee. See Marshpee.
Maside, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon. 130°
35' E. Lat 7° 2ff S.
Masina, kingdora. Central Africa, on the N,
bank of the Niger, It pays tribute to the king of
Barabarra. Maskeline, Point, cape on the N. W. coast of
Araerica. Lat. 64° 4' N,
Maskelyne's Islands, amaU ialanda in the Pacific,
off MalUcoUo island, Lon, 167° 5ff E. Lat 16° 32' S,
Maskinonge, r. Lower Canada, which falls into
the St, Lawrence at ita entrance into Lsike St Pe
ter, Maskinonge, seigniory, St Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on Lake St Peters, 24 ra. W, Three-Riv
ers. Mason, t, Hillsborough co, N, H, 34 m, S, Con
cord, Pop, 1,077,
Mason, co. Va. Pop. 1,991. Slaves, 249. Chief
town. Point Pleasant
Mason, co. Ken. on the Ohio, Pop, 12,499,
Slavea, 2,423, Chieftown, MaysriUe,
Mason, t. Pike co. Missouri.
Mason hall, p-v. Orange co. N. C,
Masonsville, p-v, Delaware co. N. Y. 24 m, W,
Delhi, 8 E, Bainbridge.
Masovia., a palatinate of the interior of Poland,
bounded N, and E. by the Vistula, S, hythe pala
tinates of Sendorair and Kalisch, and W. by Pms-
sian Poland. Area, 4,630 aquare mflea. Pop,
318,000, Warsaw is the capital,
'Masaw, t Pruaaia, in Pomerania, 9 m, N, Stut
gard. Pop, 1,200.
Masques. See Chilques.
Massa, t Italy, cap, ofthe duchy of MassacaraHj
on the Frigido, 2 m . from the Mediterranean, 30 N,
by W, Leghorn, 60 S. by W. Modena. Pop,
10,000, Massa, t Italy, in TuscEmy, 40 ra, S, E. Leg
horn, Massabesick pond, N, H, chiefly in the township
of Chester, It is about 3 mfles long, and contains
1,512 acres,
Massac, Fort, an old French fort on the W, bank
of the Ohio, just below the mouth ofthe Tennea-
i^ee. Lat. 37° 15' N,
Massa-Carrara, duchy in the central part of Ita
ly, on the S. side of the Appennines, and inclosed
by Modena, Tuscany, Lucca, and the Mediterra
nean. It is composed ofthe principalities of Mas-
aa and Carrai-a, and the lordship of Carfagnara,
Extent, 320 square miles. Pop. 38,000. Its moun
tains, from the base to the summit, are composed
Edmost entirely of beautiful marble. See Modena.
Massacchio, t. Italr, iu the Ecclesiastical state,
20m.W. by S. Ancona.
Massachusetts, one of tfae U. States, bounded N,
by Vermont and New-Hampshire ; E. by the At
lantic ; S. by Rhode Island and Connecticut ; and
W. by New- York, tt Ues between 41" 23' and 43*
52' N. lat and between 69° 50' and 73° Iff W. lon.
It contains 7,250 square miles, or 4,644,000
acres. It is divided into 14 counties, and 290
towns. Pop. in 1790, 378,787 ; in 1800, 422,845;
in 1810, 472,040 ; and in 1820, 521,725, Uhason
an average '72 persons to each square mile, and is
the most thickly settled state in the Union, Many
thousand persons emigrate every year to other
States,

MAS

MAT

44S

There are several ranges of mountains which
eome from Vermont and New-Hampshire, and
run across the western part of the Stale into
Connecticut, To the east of these mountains
the counfry is hilly, except in the aouthern
counties, where it is level and aandy. On the aea
coEist the land is generEdly poor, particularly in
the S, E, Tfae rest of tfae State has generally a
strong, good aoil, well adapted to grazing and grain.
The vallies of the Connecticut Euid the Houaaton
nuc, especiaUy, have a fineaoil, and embrace many
flouriahing and pleasant towns. In no State in the
Union have greater advances been raade in agri
culture, than in Masaachuaetts, The principal
productiona are graas, Indian corn, rye, wheat,
oats, and potatoea. Apples are abundant, and
laige quantities of cider are made annually. Beef,
pork, butter and cheese, are also abundant and of
excellent quEdity. Araong the rainerals are iron
ore, which is found in large quantities in Bristol
and Plymouth counties ; and mEurble, quarries of
which have been opened in Stockbridge, and other
towns of Berkshire county. At Chelraaford and
Tyngsborough, near the banks of the Middleaex
cartal, great quantities of beautiful granite are
found, wfaich is rauch used for building in Bos
ton. The citizens of Massachusetts are highly distin-
gfuished for the liberality with which they support
Uterary and benevolent institutions. The princi
pal literary institutions are Harvard University
at Cambridge, the Theological Serainary in Ando
ver, WilliEiraa' coHege in WiUiamatown, and Phil-
Ups' Academy, in Andover, There are nu
merous other academies, and comraon schools are
universally established. The CongregationaUsta
are rauch more numeroua than any other religioua
denomination. In 1817, they had 366 congrega
tions ; the Baptists, 91 ; Friends, 32 ; Episcopa
Uans, 14 ; Presbyterians, 8 ; there are also a few
Methodiats, and Roraan CathoUca,
MasBachusetta is the third state in the Union in
amount of manufactures, Tfae value in 1810, was
$21 ,895,528. The principal articlea were cotton
goods, articlea of leather, ardent spirits, cordage,
wrought and cast iron, nails, woollen goods, ships,
sfraw bonnets, and hata. In amount of ahipping,
Maaaachuaetls is the first State in the Union, In
1816, before Maine was separated, the number of
tons was 452,273, which was about one third of
the whole shipping of the United States, No Slate
is so extensively engaged in the fisheries. In ma
ny populous towns on the sea-coast, a large pro
portion of the inhabitants derive their subsistence
entirely frora thia employment The principal
exporta are fish, beef, luraber, pork, ardent spir
its, whale oil, and various raanufactures. The
value ofthe exports for the vear ending Sept. 30th,
1820, was $11,008,922, ofwhich $7,147,487 waa
foreign produce.
Masiackusetts Bay, a large bay on the coast of
the U, States, bst-ween Cape Ann on the north, and
Cape Cod on the south.
Massacre island, sm-all isl, in the gulfof Mexico,
on the coaat of Alabama, 2 m, E. Horn island, 10
from the main land.
Massa de Lombardi, t. Italy, in the Ecclesiasti
cal state, 24 m, S, S, E, Ferrara,
Maisa Fiscaglia, t Italy, in the Ecclesiastical
state, 18 m, E. Ferrara,
Massafra, t, Naplea, in Terra di Ofranto, 9 m,
N,W, Tarento, Pop, 7,000. .

Massafuero, ial, in the Pacific, Lon. 279° 26' E.
Lat, 33° 49' S,
Massagong, smaU island in the Eastern seas.
Lon. 100° ff E. Lat. 3° ff S,
Massa Lubrense, or Massa di Sorento, t Naples,
on the coast. 13 m, S. byE. Naples. Pop. 2,700.
It is the see ofa bishop.
Masaapa, t Mocaranga, in Africa, 230 m. W. N.
W. Sofala.
Mossasinway, r. Indiana, which unites with
Little River at Fort Tecumseh to form the Wa
bash .
Massbach, t. Bavaria, 9 m, N. Schweinfurt. Pop.
1,100, Massena, p-t. St, Lawrence co. N. Y. on the riv
er St, Lawrence, Pop. SOO.
Masserano, t Piedmont, 40 m. N. N. E. Turin.
Pop. 3,600, .
Mosseube, t France, in Gers, 10 m. S. E, Mi
rande. Pop. 1,400,
Massiac, t. France, in Catal, 16 ra, N, by E, St,
Flour, Pop, 1,600,
Massie's creek, r. Ohio, whicfa joins the Little
Miarai in Green county,
Massilorgues, t, France, in Herault, 16 m. E, N.
E. MontpeUer. Pop. 3,000,
Massingales, p-v. Sullivan co. Ten,
Massingano, or Massogano, t. Africa, in Angola,
100 ra, E, S, E, Loanda, Lon, 14° 40' E, Lat 9°
64' S,
Mastassin, Lake, lake of N. America, at the
head of Rupert's river, which falls into James*
bay. Il is about 200 miles in circumference,
Mastre, t. France, in Ardeche, 12 ra, S, W,
Tournon, Pop, 1,500,
Mosvaux, or Mauermuster, t. France, in Upper
Rhine, 10m. N. E, Belfort Pop, 2,200,
Masuah, the principal seaport of Abyssinia, ait
uated upon an island, separated frora the continent
by a narrow channel. Il is subject to the Turks,
Ita intercourse ia chiefly witfa Mocha and Jidda,
and the importa consist chiefly Of spices, piece
goods, lead, iron, copper, tin, cotton, and Europe
an manufactures. The exports are rhinoceros'
horns, gold, ivory, honey, slavea, and wax. The
governor demands 10 per cent, ad valorem, on all
imports and exporta, Lon, 39° 37' E, Lat, 15°
34' N,
Masulipatam, s-p. Hind, in the northem circars,
celebrated for the fineness and brilliant colour of
ila cotton clotha, called chintz. It carriea on con
siderable traffic with China, Pegue, Bengal, Per
sia, and Arabia, Us harbour wiU admit vessels of
300 tons, and is the only good port on the coaat of
Coromandel. It was taken by the British in 1769,
and is now the residence of the judge, collector,
&c. of the district. Lon. 81° 10' E. Lat 16°
Iff N.
Maswey, t Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80° 40' E. Lat
27° 4'N.
Mala, La, s-p, Spain, in Valencia, 22 m. S, S, W,
Alicant. Mala, r. E. Africa, which falb into the Indian
sea, in Ial. 19° 30' S.
Maiaboon, sraall isl. in the Sooloo Archipelago.
Lon. 120° 11' E, Lat 5° 2' N.
Mataca, or Matanca, bay on the N. coast of Cu
ba, 36 ra, from the Havannah,
Mq,tagada, small isl, near the coaat of Chili. Lat
31° S.
Matagorda, a fort on the bay of St. Joaeph, in
the province of Texas, built by La Salle, -who

446

MAT

MAU

landed here in 1686, Thia place was the resort
of piratea in 1817. Lon. 97° 50' W, Lat 29° N.
Moiojes, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific ocean
in lat, 1"^ 22' N.
Motala, Cape, cape onthe S. coast of Candia, in
the Mediterranean. Lon. 24° 64' E. Lat 34°
4ffN. Matamba, couutry of S. W. Africa, in the inte
rior, behind Congo and Angola.
Matanca, or Manances, a abort and broad river of
Florida, which falls into the ocean S. of St Augus
tine. Mataiichet, t. Mexico, pn the Pacific ocean,
Lon. 105° 24' W. Lat 20° 45' N.
Matane, r. Lower Canada, which falls into the
S. side ofthe St, Lawrence, near its mouth.
Matansas, t on the N. coast of Cuba, 60 m. from
Havannah. Lon. 81° Sff W. Lat 23° 3' N. U has
a large and safe harbour.
Matapan, Cape, or Caglia, (an, Tcenarium
Promontorium,) the S, point of the MoreEi, in
Greece, and of the main land of Europe. Lon,
22°2ffE,LatS6°S4'N. Matapedioch, Lake, Lower Canada, the source
of Ristigouche river.
Malaria, v. Egypt, a little S, of the ruins of the
ancient On, or HeUopoUs. On the 20tfa MEu-ch,
1800, a bloody battle was fought here between the
French and tfae Turks. 6 ra. N. E. Cairo.
Mataro, t Spain, in Catalonia, 20 ra. E. N. E.
Barcelona. The manufacturea are calico, lacea,
silk and cotton stockinga, silk stuffs Euid velvets,
ribbons and silk twist ; alao canvas and leather.
-Bay salt is coUected along the shore ; and the
neighbourhood affords wine and brandy for ex
port Pop. in 1770, 10,000 ; now 25,000. Lon.
2° 2ff E. Lat. 41° 32' N.
Matavai Bay, bay of Otaheite. Lon, 149° 36'
W. Lat, 17° 2ff S.
Matavai, Point, cape on the island of Otaheite.
Lon. 210° 22' E. Lat 17° 29' S.
Matas, Cape, cape on the E, coast of Patagonia.
Lat 46° S.
Matchedash, or Severn River, r. Upper Canada,
whicfa runs into the Matchedash bay, al the E. end
of Lake Huron.
Maielica, t Italy, iu the Ecclesiaatical atate, 30
m, S, W, Ancona, Pop, 6,000.
Malemba, small isl. one of the Querimbas, near
the E, coast of Africa, Lat, 1 2° S.
Matera, t Naples, capital of BasiUcata. It is the
see ofa bishop, and has a cathedral and 6 convents.
Pop, 12,400, .35 m. W, N, W, Tarenlum, Lon,
16° Sff E.Lat 40° 51' N,
Moterborn, t Prussian atates, in Cleves and
Berg, near Cleves, Pop. 1,500.
Matheo, Cape, promontory on the S. coast of the
island of Scio, Lon, 25" 58' E, Lat, 38° Iff N,
Motherstown, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio,
Mothieu, t, France, in Upper Vienne, 12 ra, W,
g, W, Junier, Pop, 2,000,
Mathura, fpronounced Muttra,') t. Hind, in Ag
ra, much venerated by the Hincloos as the birUi-
place of their favourite deity, Kriahen, It is on
the W, bank ofthe Jumna, and ie one continued
street of templea, and stone stairs deacending lo the
river aide, forthe convenience ofthe innumerable
pilgrims who corae from all parts of India lo pay
their devotiona at the shrine of the deity, and
bathe in ita watera. It was taken without opposi
tion in 1803, by the British, and, with the greater
part of the province, remaina in their posaeasion.
Eon, 80° 40' E. Lat, 27° 32' N,

Mdtia, isl, iu the Pacific ocean, Lon, 147° 58'
W,Lat 15°4ffS,
Matilda, t, Dundas co. Up, Canada, on the St
Lawrence, Matilda, v. Fairfax co, Va, on the Potomac, near
the Great fall.
Matin, r, Canada, which runa into the St
Lawrence, 150 ra, below Quebec,
Molina, r. S. America, which divides Veragua
from Costa RicEi, and runs into tfae AtlEmtic,
Matinicus, islands on the coEist of Maine, S, of
the entrance into Penobscot bay, Lon, 68° 20'
W, Lat43°5ffN,
Matlock, V. Eng. in Derbyshire, on the Derwent,
chiefly celebrated for its hot springs, 7 m, N
Derby, 144 N, W, London, Lon, 1° 34' W. Lat
63° 7'N, Pop, 2,600,
Mala Grosso, a very extenaive province or cap.
itania, in the western part of Brazil, It is inter
sected by the raain ridge of the Brazilian Andes,
which separates the rivera that run S. to the Plata,
frora those that run in an oppoaite dfrection to the
Amazon. Mataan Harbour, harbour on the S. E. coast of
Nova Scotia. Lon. 64" 45' W. Lat 44° N.
Moto'ur, t France, in Saone-and-Lofre, 19 m,
W, Macon. Pop. 1,250.
Matsehewice, t Poland, 32 ra. E, Warsaw.
Matsmai, t cap. of the island of Jesso, at the S.
extremity of the island. It is in possession of the
Japanese, Pop, 50,000.
Matsua. See Masuah.
Mattaluck, r. Connecticut, which, at Waterbu-
ry lakes the name of Naugatuck.
Mattamushett, p-v. Hyde co. N. C.
Mattapony, r. Va. which rises iu Spotsylvania
CO. and running S. E. joina the Pamunky at Dela
ware, lo form York river. It admits loaded flats
to Downer's bridge, 70 ra. above ita mouth.
Matthews, co. Va. on the W. side of Chesapeake
bay. Pop, 4,227. Slaves, 2,068, At Uie conrt-
house is a post-oiiice.
Mattituck, p-v. SuffoUc co. N, Y.
Matty's Island, isl. in the Pacific. Lon. I'43° 21 '
E. Lat. 1° 46' S.
Motuaro, isl. near the N. E, coast of New Zeal-
and, Lon, 156° 2ff E. Lat 36° S.
Matura, t. and fortress near the S. exfremity of
Ceylon, at tfae raoutfa of the Melipu, with a har
bour for small vessels. The Wesleyan Methodists
have missionaries and achools here. In the vicin
ity there is a celebrated temple of Boodh, 100 m,
S. E, Colombo. Lon, 80° E, Lat 5° 5r N,
Motwar, disfrict, Hind, between 21° and 22° N,
lat Mavo, r. W. Africa, which f;ills into the AUantic
near Cape Monte.
Maubeuge, I. France, on the Sambre. It is
fortified, and well built ; and has a manufac
ture of arms which employs from 4 to 500 Work
men. 13 m. S. Mona. Pop. 4,800.
Maubourguct, t. France, in Upper Pyreneea, on
the Adour, 16 m. N, Tabres. Pop. 1,300,
Mouclilinc, t, Scotiand, in Ayrshire, 10 m, E.
Ayr, Pop. 1,000.
Mavealnahar. See Bukharia.
Maufus Bunder, s-p. Hind, in Northern Circars,
Lon. 84° E. Lat 18° 17' N,
Maug, or Tkmas, or St. Lawrence, one of the
smaller of the Ladrone islands.
MaugeroiUe, t. Sunbury co. New Brunswick, on
St, John's river, 30 m. above Belliale,

MAU
Mauguio, t France, in Herault, 6 m, £, Mont
peUer, Pop, 1,600.
MaiUe, a province of Chili, extending from the
Andes to the ocean. Pop, 12,000, The capital
is Talca, or St, Auguatin, in lat 34° 47' S,
Maule, r, ChiU, which entera the Pacific ocean,
in lat 34° SffS,
Mauleon, t. France, 21 m, W, by S, Pau, Pop,
1,000, Jtfaamee, or Miami bay, bay at the W, end of
Lake Erie, It is about 12 railes wide, and sets up
12 or 16 miles in the Territory of Michigan, Ita
entrance ia 6 railes wide.
Maumee, or Miami ofthe Lake, r, Ohio, is form
ed by the union ofthe St, Joseph's and the St, Ma
ry's, at Fort Wayne, and after a N, E, course of
120 miles, enters Mauraee bay, in LEike Erie, It
is navigable tiiroughout its course, with the ex
ception of the shoEds extending 1 5 railea, and ter
minating 3 miles from its mouth. Below the
shoala ia a valuable fishery,
Mauperitus, v. France, in La Vienne, near Poi
tiers, Maura, or Mobidie, the smsdleat of the Society
Islanda, about 14 or 15 milea iu circuit
Moure, t. France, in lUe-and-Vilaine, 25 m, S.
W. Rennea. Pop. 4,100.
Mourens, v. France, in Dordogne, 2 m. from
Bergeac. Pop. 1,300.
Maurepas, lake, Louiaiana, which is connected
by the IbberviUe with the river Miaaiaaippi, aijd
coraraunicates by an outlet of 7 miles with Lake
Ponchartrain. It ia 10 mflea long and 7 broad,
Erad has 12 feet water,
Maurepas. See Isles de Madam.
Mauriac,t. France, in Cantal, on the Dordogne,
36 m. W, N. W, St Flour, Pop, 2,600,
Maurice, r. N. J. which runa into Delaware bay
in Cumberland county. It is navigable 20 milea
for vessels of 100 tona.
Maurice, I. Cumberland co, N. J. Pop. 2,085,
Maurienne, province of the Sardinian Statea,
in Savoy, Pop. 64,500. St Jean de Maurienne
ia the capital.
Mouripida, one of the Laccadive ialands. Lon.
72° 21' E. Lat 10° 58° N.
Mauritius, or Isle of France, ial, in the In
dian sea, 150 miles in circumference, about 600 m.
E, of Madagaacar. About the raiddle of the laat
century it waa fortified, and rendered the chief
naval atation of the French in the Indian seas. It
preserved ita importance even after Britain had
annihilated the French power on the continent of
India, and became then a grand privateering sta
tion against the India shipping. It was calculated
at Calcutta that, in len years, prizes to the value
of 2,500,000/, had been taken and carried into
Mauritius. In 1810, it was taken by the Engliah,
and may now be considered aaperraanenUy attach
ed to the British dominions. The orange, pine
apple, and olhertropical fruits, grow in the highest
perfection. It containa iron minea, the produce
of which finds a market in India. Mauritiua pro
duces Uttie grain, or any other uaeful vegetable
except the potatoe. It depends for provisions al
most entirely upon Bourbon. The exporta consist
of coffee, a great part of which is produced in
Bourbon, to the average annual amount of
60,0000 lbs.; cotton,2,00a bales ; indigo 300,000 Iba,;
raw sugar,5,000,000 lbs.; cloves, 20,000 lbs. Pop, in
1790, estiraated at 8,000 whitea, and 12,000 blacks.
In 1807, according to an oflioial statement, the
whole number was 70,000, The blacks have

MAY

447

been imported eis slaves frora Madagascar. The
London Society have a missionary here. Lon, 67°
IffE. Lat 40° I'N.
Maurisio, Cape, cape of Italy, in the bay of Na
ples, Lon, 15° 37' E, Lat, 40° 1' N,
Mauran, t. France, in Morbihan, 4 m, N, Ploer-
mel. Pop, 4,200,
Maurs, t, France, in Cantal, 22 m, S, S, W, Au
rfllac. Pop. 2,100.
Maurua, one of the amaller of tfae Society isl
ands. Lon. 152° Sff W, Lat, 16° 2ff S,
Maury, co. West Tennessee, on Duck river.
Pop, 10,369, Slaves, 2,626, Chieftown, Columbia,
Maussane, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
11 m. S, E, Tarascon, Pop, 1,600,
Mouvoise terre, or Yellow banks, an elevated spot
in Illinois, on the E, aide of Illinoia river, 80 railes
by the streara frora its mouth.
Mauves, t. France, in Orne, 6 m, N, N, E. Bel-
lesme. Pop. 1,200.
Mauvesin, t France, in Gers, 17 m, E, N, E,
Auch, Pop, 2,000,
Mause, t. France, in Two Sevres, 14 m, S, W,
Niort, Pop. 1,600.
Mawdesky, I. Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m, W, S. W,
Choriey, Pop, 744,
Mawri. See Mouree.
Maxatany, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop, 1,630.
Maxen, v. Saxony, 10 m, S, Dresden,
May, isl, Scotland, in the mouth of the frith of
Forth. May, Cope, on the coast of N, J. the N. cape at
the entrance of Delaware bay, Lon, 74° 56' W.
Lat 39° N,
May, Le, I, France, in MEijne-and-Loire, 5 m.
N, ChoUet Pop. 2,800,
May, Point, point of the peninsula between
Fortune and Placentia bays, on tfae S, side of New
foundland, Moyacori, r. Guiana, whicli runs into the At
lantic, in lon. 61° 4ff W, lat 2° 11' N,
Mayaguana, one ofthe Bahama islands, 24 railes
long, Lon, 72° Iff to 72° Sff E, Lat 22° 32' to 22*
44' N,
Mayahoon, or Loonsay, t. Birraan erapire, on the
W. bank of the Irrawuddy river, 120 m, N, N.
W, Rangoon,
Mayamba. See Mayomba.
Maybok, t Scotland, in Ayrahire, 18 ra, S, Ayr.
Pop, 1,000,
Macaywini, r. Guiana, which runa into the At
lantic, in lon, 58° 26' W, lat 6° Sff N,
Mayen, t. Pruaaian province ofthe Lower Rhine,
16 ra, W, Coblentz, Pop, 2,200.
MayenfelS^ t. Switz. in the Griaon country, on
the Rhine, 22 ra. S. by E. Appenzel. Pop. 900.
Mayenne, department in the N. W. of' France,
bounded by the departmenta of the Orne, Sarthe,
Maine, and Loire.' Extent, 2,000 aq. milea. Pop.
332,253. Laval is the capital.
Mayenne, t France, in Mayenne, on the river
Mayenne, 165 m, W, by S, of Paris. Lon. 0° 37'
1"W. Lat 48° Iff 4" N, Pop. 9,100.
Mayenne, r. France, which falls into the Loire
a little below Augers.
Mayet, t. France, in Sarthe, 16 ra. S. Le Mans.
Pop, 3,200.
Mayet de Montagne, t. France, in AUier, 42 m.
S.E.MouUns. Pop. 1,600.
Mayfield, t. Montgomery co. N. Y. 8 m. N. E.
Johnstown, 40 N. W, Albany. Pop, 2,065,
Mayhew, one of the stations of the Araerican
Board of Comraissioners for Foreign Missions

448

M A Z

among the Choctawa, estabUshed in 1820, R is
on the Ook-tib-be-ha creiek, 12 m, above itsjunc
tion witfa the Tombigbee. In March, 1821, ten
buildinga for varioua purpoaea had been erected,
70 acres of excellent land incloaed, and prepara-
tiona made for a achool, lo commence in autumn.
Lon, 88° Iff W, Lat 33° 20' N,
Maynos. See Mainas.
Moynbemheim, t. Bavaria, 14 m, E, S. E, Wurz-
,burg. Pop, 1,550,
Mayne, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough
Neagh, 1 ra, S, Randalstown,
Maynesborough, t, Coos co, N, H, 14 m, E, Lan
caater, Maynooth, t. Ireland, in Kildare co, 12 ra, W,
by N, DubUn,
Maya, a county of Ireland, in the province of
Connaught, bounded S. by Galway, W, by the
Atiantic ocean, N, by Sligo, and E, by Roscora-
raon. Extent, 1,270,144 acrea, or 1,984 sq. rafles.
Pop. eatiraated at 140,000, of whora uot more than
1,750 are Proteatanta.
Mayo, V. Ireland, in Mayo co, 9 m, S, E, Caatle-
bar. Mayo, one of the Cape de Verde Islanda, offthe
W, coEist of Africa, The only valuable coramodity
which it producea is aalt, 30 ra. S, Bonaviata,
Lon, 23° 8' W, Lat 15° Iff N,
Mayamba, s-p, Loango, in Africa, Lon, 10° 24'
E, LatS°4ffS,
Mayor, sraall isl, in tfae Pacific, near the coast
of New Zealand. Lon. 183° 31' E. Lat. 36° 57' S,
Mayor, Cape, proraontory on the N, coast of
Spain. Lon. 3°4ffW. Lat 43° 2ff N,
May arga, t Portugal, in Eatreraadura, 67 m, N,
Liabon, Mayorga, called also Howe's islands, a cluster
of three or four islands in the Pacific ocean, Lon,
179° 62' E. Lat 18° SffS.
Mayotta, one of the Comorra islands, near tfae
E, coast of Africa, ' Lon, 46° 14'E. Lat 12° 52' S,
Moypo, r. Chili, wfaich runs into the Pacific, in
lat 33° Sff N.
Maypurg, r. Guiana, which runs into the Atian
tic, in lon, 51° 4ff E. lat. 2° Iff N.
Mayres, t. France, in Lozere, 2 ra, frora Mazan,
Pop, 1,300,
May's landing, p-v, Gloucester co, N. J.
May's lick, p-v. Maaon co. Ken. 9 milea S, W.
Washington, MaysviUe, p-t. and cap.of Mason co. Ken. on the
®hio, 66 m, above Cincinnati, 63 N, E. Lexing
ton, 74 fr. ChUUcothe, It contEiina about 400
houaea, a glaas factory and a printing office. It is
the principal port of the N. E. part of the state, aa
Louiaville is of the S, W, The town stands on a
narrow atrip of land, confined by hills, wfaich rise
abruptly to the height of 450 feet,
Mayville, p-v. in Chatauque, and cap. of Cha
tauque CO. N, Y, ou Chatauque lake, 70 m, S, W.
Buffalo, Maysi, the E, cape of Cuba, and the W, point
of the windward passage, Lon. 74° 16' 30" W,
Lat 20° Iff 30" N,
Masagan, s-p, Morocco. Lon. 8° 46' W. Lat,
32° 54' N,
Mazagong, t Hind, on the island of Bombay,
principally inhabited by descendants from the
Portuguese, Masamet, t Franoe, in Tarn, 12 m. S, E. Cas
tres. Pop. 5,500.
'JIfasan, t France, in Vaucluae, 16 m. N. £,
Avignon. Pop. 3,300.

MEA
Mazan, t. France, in Ardeche, 23 m, N, W,
Viviers, Pop- 1,100,
Mazanderan, a province of Persia, along the S,
shore of the Caspian seEi, having Ghilan on the
W, Khorassan on the E, and Irak on the S,
Masatlan, t Mexico, in Sonora, Lon, 106° 46'
W, Lat 23° IffN,
Masatlan, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa
cific ocean, in lat, 23° 15' N.
Maze, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 13 m, E,
Angers. Pop, 3,000,
Moseira, isl. near theE. coastof Arabia, 60 miles
long, and 8 broad. Lon. 59° 40' E. Lat 20° 35'N.
Maseres en Foix, t. France, in Arriege, 13 m,
N, N, W. Mirepoix. Pop. 2,600,
Moziera. See Moseira.
Mazieres, t France, in Vienne, 6 m. from Con
folens. Pop, 1,100.
Mazoires, t France, in Puy-de-Dome, 2 m. from
Mercoeur. Pop. 1,400.
Mazoma, t. Austrian Italy, on the Po, 22 m. S.
Venice. Pop. 1,200.
Mazounah, v. Algiers, in Tlemsan, on the Shel-
Uf, 30 m. S, Mustygauira,
Masula, sraall ial, on the W, coast of Africa.
Lat- 8° ff S,
Mazzara, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, 45 m.
S, W. Palermo. Lon. 12° 2ff E. Lat 37° 4ff N.
Mazsaro, Val di, one of the three prorinces into
whicfa Sicily is divided, comprising tfae W. ofthe
island. Extent, 4,700 aq. raUea. Pop. 650,000-
The capital ia PEderrao.
Meachegong, t. Birraan empire, on the Irrawud
dy, SO m. N, Prorae.
Meaco, a great city of Niphon, in Japan, for
merly the metropolis of the whole empfre. It is
still the ecclesiastical capital, and the reaidence of
the dairo, or spiritual sovereign. It ia in a spa
cious plEiin, inclosed by a circuit of high moun
tains, and alraost entirely formed into fine gar
dens, interspersed witfa temples, monasteries,
mausoleums, and watered by numerous rivulets.
Pop, raore than 500,000. Jleaco ia the centre of
all the literature and science of the empire. A
number of the finer raanufacturea, particularly
Japan- work, painting, carving, &c. are carried on
here in great perfection. Lon. 153° Sff E. Lat
35° 24' N.
Mead, t. Belmont co. Ohio, Pop. in 1819, 850.
Meadia, t. and forfress of Hungary, on the
' Czerne, 12 m, N. Orsova, and 62 S. E, of Temes
var. Lon. 21° 6ff E. Lat 45° Iff N, Pop. 1,400,
Meadville, p-t. and cap. Crawford co. Penn. on
the E. side of French creek, 25 m. N. W. Frank
Un, 40 S. of Erie. Lon, 80° o W, Lat, 41° 36'
N. It contains a court-house, jail, arsenal, print
ing office, Presbyterian church, fmd 150 dwelling-
houses. It is a thriving town, and turnpike roads
are in progress whicfa will connect it i^th Pitta-
burg, Philadelphia and Erie, Alleghany college
waa founded here in 1815. A building 'waa com
menced in the summer of 1820, designed to ac
commodate 100 students. The whole number of
students yet admitted ia 27. The library ia valued
at 6,000 doUara, The funds of the inatitution are
yet small, but have recently been increased by a
grant of 5,000 doUai-s from the Pennsylvania legis
lature, Meangis Isles, araall islanda in the Eaatern aeaa,
about 5° N, lat, and 127° E. lon,
Meanna, t, Azerbijan, in Persia, 60 m, N. W,
Sultania.

M E C
Meanree, t. Hind, in Sinde, on the Indus. Lon,
¦68°21'E, Lat 24° 44' N,
Meonspilk, p-t, and cap, Bradford co. Pa, on the
E, branch of the Susquehannah, 60 m, N, W.
Wilkesbarre, Meaa, one of the araall Molucca islands, Lon,
127° ff E. Lat 1° 12' N,
Mean, or Mari, r. Brazil, which flows into the
gulf of Uie Amazons, in lon. 46" SO' W, Lat, 2° 40'
S, It ia navigable for boata 160 leagues,
Meoms. See Kincardineshire.
Meath, a maritime co. Ireland, bounded N. by
Cavan, Monaghan and Louth; E, by the Irish
chsmnel, S, by Kildare, and W, by West Meath,
Extent, 526,700 acres. It consists in general of rich
flat pasture land. It is proverbial for cattle, and
supplies not only Dublin, but England, and the
north of Ireland, Pop, in 1792, 112,400: the
Catholics are to Protestants as 40 to 1.
Meaux, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 32 m,
N, E, Paris, It is in a beautiful plain on the
Marne, Lon, 2° 52' E, Lat, 48" 57' N, Pop,
7,000. Jlfecca, a large city of Arabia, cap, of Hedsjas,
and celebrated as the birth-place of Mahomet It
is aituated in a dry, barren, and rocky country,
about a day's journey inland frora the Red aea.
Ita iraraediate poaition ia in a hEurow valley, in
closed between mountains. It ia entirely support
ed by the concourse of pilgrima from every part of
the Mahometan world, extending on one side lo
the frontier of China, and on tfae other lo the states
on the Niger. This resort is now greatly dirain-
ished, partly in consequence of the decay of reli
gious zeal, and the general decline of power and
weEdlfa among the Mahometan states ; partly also
from Mecca being continually exposed to the rude
incursions of the Wahabees, The population is
not now more than 16,000 or 18,000. The chief
ornament of Mecca is the famoua teraple, in the
interior of whidi is the Kaaba, or house of the
prophet, Tfae grand ceremony through which the
pilgriras pass, ia that of going seven tiraes round
the Kaaba, Lon, 40° Iff E. Lat 21" 18' 9" N.
JIfecca, a-p, Morocco, on fhe Atlantic, Lon. 9°
46' W. Lat29°4ffS.
Mechonick, v. in Wsishington, Dutchess co. N.
T. 154 m. N. Poughlceepsie. Here is a Quaker
boarding-school. The buUding ia 3 storiea high,
and accommodatea 100 students.
Mechanicksburg, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Mechanicksburg, t. ChEunpaign co. Ohio, lira.
E. Urbanna, 30 N. W. Colurabus.
Mechanicksburg, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on the
river Ohio, 23 ra. S. Williarasburg, Pop, iu 1815,
115, MechanicksvUle, p-v. Saratoga co. N, Y,
Mechanicksville, p-v. Darlington district, S. C.
Mcchanicktawn, p-l, Frederick co, Md,
Mechden, t. Netherlands, in Liraburg, 7 m. N,
Maesfricht Pop. 1,000.
Mechlin, Meeheln, (in French Malines,) t. Neth
erlanda, on the Dyle. The manufacturea consist
of very fine Brabant lace and linen, besides dam
ask, silk and woollen atuffs, leather and hats. At
high water, vessela of considerable draught rea'ch
the town from the Scheldt, It is the aee of an
archbiahop, 13 m. S. by E, of Antwerp, and 13
N, by E, Bruasela. Lon, 4° 29' 69" E, Lat, 61 ° 1'
52" N, Pop, 20,000.
Mechoacan. See Valladolid.
Meckenhdm, t Pruasian states, in Berg-and-
Cleves, 18 m, S, Cologne, Pop. 1,000.
.57

MED

449

Mecklenburg, a grand duchy in the N. of Ger
many, bounded N. by the Baltic, E. by Pomera
nia, S. by Brandenburg, and W. by Lubeck and
Luneburg. Extent, 5,700 aq. mflea. Pop. 430,000.
It abounds in lakes and forests, and has several
tracks of sandy aoil ; but is on the whole tolerably
fertile. The religion, both of the government.and
the raajority of the people ia the Lutheran. At
present the house of Mecklenburg is divided into
two lines, Schwerin and Strelitz. Both received
the title of grand duke at the Congress of Vienna
in 1815. Mecklenburg-Schweriu contains 4,900
sq. milea, and Mecklenburg-Slrelitz, 800. See
Germany. Mecklenburg, v. Germany, in Mecklenburg-
Schweriu, 2 m. from Wismar.
Mecklenburg, co. Va. bordering on N. Carolina.
Pop. 18,443. Slavea, 10,264. Chieftown, Boyd-
ton. The court-house ia 26 m. fr. Lunenburg.
Mecklenburg, co. N. C. bordering on S. Carolina.
Pop. 14,272. Slavea, 3,494. Chief town, Char
lotte. Meckley, See Cassay and Munnipore,
Meckmuhl, t, Wirtemburg, on tfae Jaxt, 36 m.
N, N. E, Stutgard, Pop, 1,200,
Mecon, river of Aaia. See Cambodia,
Mecran. See Mekran.
Medea, t, Algiers, in Africa, 32 ra, S, W, Al
giers. Media el, or Mahdia, a-p. Africa, 80 ra. S, Tunia.
Medeba, in Sac. Geog. t. Palestine, iu tfae tribe
of Reuben. It afterwards belonged to tfae Mo
abites. Medellin, (an, Metellinum,) t Spain, in Eatra-
raadura, on the Guadiana, 19 ra. E, Merida. Lon.
5°47'W. Lat38°4ffN.
Medelpad, province of Sweden, between tfae
gujf of Bothnia and tfae province of Jaratland. It
is 100 milea in length, and 60 iu breadth. Pop,
32,000. Medenblik, t. Netherlands, in North Holland, on
the Zuyder Zee, 28 ra. N. by E. Amsterdam,
Lon, 4° SffE, Lat62°4ffN. Pop, 2,000.
Me^field, p-t. Norfolk co. Masa, 9 m, S. W. Ded
ham, 20 S, W, Boston. Pop, 786,
Medford, p-t. Middlesex co, Mass. on Mystic
river, 4 m, N. Boston, Pop, 1,443. It co'.tain|
aeveral distilleries, and brick-yards.
Media, in Sac, Geog. country of Asia, bounded
N. by the Caspian sea. Chief town, Ecbatana.
This country now forras the N. W. part of Peraia,
called Azerbijan.
Mediasch, t. TransylvEraia, on the Cockel, 196
m. E. Belgrade,
Medicine, r. Missouri Territory, which runs
into the river Missouri, 12 ra. above the Great
FaUs. Medina, a city of Arabia, celebrated eis contain
ing the tomb of Mahomet. Although this tomb is
held in high veneration, its visitation is not consid
ered in any very high degree meritorious. It is per
formed by few, unleaa the pilgrims from Syria, in
whose way it happens to lie. The tomb itaelf is
not auperior to thoae which the founders of mosques
usually erect to perpetuate their own memory,
ll is placed between two others, containing the
ashes of the first caliphs, Abubeker and Omar.
The building which incloses it, ia hung with sflk,
which is renewed every seven yeEu-s. It is guard
ed by forty eunuchs, 'The mosque founded by the
prophet is said to be very magnificent, being sup
ported by four hundred'columna, and containing
three hundred lamps, always burning. Jambo, on

uo

M E E

the Red sea, serves as the port of Medina. 176
m. N, Mecca, Lon. 39° Sff E. Lat. 25° N.
Medina, cap. of the kingdom of Woolly, in W.
Africa. Lou. 12° 6ff W. Lat 13° Sff N.
Medina, t. Africa, in Kasson. Lon. 9° 15' W.
Lat 14° IS' N.
Medina, smaU ial. in the Atiantic, near tfae coast
of Africa. Lat. 19° 46' N.
Medina, co. in the N. part of Ohio. Chief town,
Medina. At the court-houae is a post-office.
Medina Celi, (an, Arcobriga) t Spain, in Old
Castile, 84 ra, S, W, Saragoaaa, Lon, 2° Iff W,
Lat, 41° Iff N, Fop, 1,200
Medina de Los Torres, t. Spain, in Estramadura,
20 m, W, N, W. Llerena, Pop, 2,000.
Medina del Campo, (Methymna Campestris,) t.
Spain, in Leon, 37 ra. N, W. Segovia. Lon. 6° W.
Lat, 41° 2ff N. Pop. 6,000.
Medina del Ria Seco, t Spain, in Leon, 25 m.
N. W. VaUadoUd. Lon. 4° 4ff W. Lat 42° 4' N.
Pop. 8,000,
Medina Sidonia, t. Spain, in AndaTuaia, 22 m.
S.E. Cadiz, Lon. 5° Sff W. Lat 36° 22' N. Pop.
5,000. Mediterranean, the great sea which forms the
S. boundary of Europe, Its length from E, to W.
is about 2,000 railes ; its general breadth is from
400 lo 500. From the Black sea on the N.E, a
strong current sets regularly into tfae Mediterra
nean. In the straits of Gibraltar the middle cur
rent flows into it from the Atlantic, while along
the northern and southern shores, two weEiker
currents flow in a confrary direction, Thia aea
differa greatly frora the ocean in ita tidea, which
are feeble and irregular. Though ita winda are
variable, ita navigation is in general araooth and
eaay. Medling, or Modling, t Auatria, 8 ra. S. Vienna.
Pop. 3,200.
Medmann, or MeUmann, t. Prussian st-atea, in
Berg, 6 ra. E, N, E, Duaseldorf, Lon, 6° 43' E,
Lat 61° 17' N, Pop. 4,000.
Mednoi, or Copper Isle, isL in the Eastern ocean,
at the exfremity of Asiatic Ruaaia, 1(50 m. frora
Bhering's island.
Medrosta, lake, Maine. Lon. 68° 22' W. Lat.
47° 6S° N. It is the source of Spey river, a branch
ofthe St Johns.
Medvesei, cape, on the N. coast of Nova Zem
bla. Lon, 68 34' E. Lat. 77° 20' N.
Medway, r. Eng, which falls into the raouUi of
the Thames, at Sheemess, It has been raade nav
igable to Tunbridge,
Medway, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass, 15 m, S, W,
Dedham, 25 S, W. Boston, Pop, 1,213.
Medway, Geo. See Midway.
Medyn, t. Eu. Russia, in Kaluga, 92 m, S, W.
Moscow. Lon, 37° 51' E, Lat 55" N, Pop, 800,
Meegheoung-yay, t, Birman empire, in Ava, on
the Irrawuddy, Lon, 94° 5ff E, Lat, 19° 5ff N,
Meelah, t Algiers, 13 ra, N, W, Constantina,
Meenas. See Jajgur.
Meenees, small isl, in the Sooloo archipelago,
Lon, 121° 35' E, Lat, 6° 32' N,
Meeral, t Hind, in Ajmeer, Lon, 74° 14' E,
Lat, 26° 36' N,
Meercoot, t. Afghanistan, in Cabul, Lon, 67°
30' E, Lat 33° 31' N.
Meerhols, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 35 m,
S,W, Fulda, Pop, 1,000,
Meerhout, t, Netherlands, in Antwerp, 24 m, N,
E, Louvain, Pop, 2,800.

MEI
Meerjaow, t India, in Canara, Lon, 74° 36' B,
Lat 14" 27' N,
Meerka Serai, t, Bengal, in ChittEigong, Lon.
4° 14'E, Lat 26° 35'N,
Meersen, t. Netherlands, in Limburg, 3 m, N,E.
Maestricht Pop, 1,100,
Mees, Les, t. Frsmce, in Lower Alpa, 17 m, S.
W. Digne. Pop. 2,000.
Megantick, lake, Lower Canada, on the borders
of the United Statea. It ia one of the lakea from
which the river Chaudiere riaea. It ia 9 mfles
long, and 2 broad,
Megara, t Greece, in Corinth, 18 m. W. Ath
ena, Megen, t Netherlands, in North Brabant, on
the Maeae, 15 m, N, E, Boisle Due,
Megeve, t Sardinian atatea, in Savoy, 20 m, S,
E, BonneviUe, Pop, 3,100-
Meggat, r, Scotland, in Dumfriea-shire, which
falls into the Esk.
Megiddo, in Sac. Geog, t Palestine, belonging
to the tribe of Manasseh.
Mego, or Pulo Mega, small isl, off fhe W, coast
of Sumatra. Lon, 101° 6' E. Lat 4° S-
Mehoine, r. Netherlands, which falls into the
Meuse, above Huy.
MehaUet Kebeer, city. Lower Egypt, cm a canal
between the E, and W, branches ofthe Nile, Lon-
31°24'E. Lat 30° 60' N,
Meherrin, r, which rises in Virginia, and run
ning into N, Carolina, unites with the Nottaway,
7 m, below tfae line, to form the Chowan river,
Mehindry, r. Hind, in Gujerat, which falls into
the gulf of Cambay,
Mehlsock, t East Prassia, 36 m, S, Elbing, 42 S,
W. Konigsberg, Pop. 2,200,
Mehringen, or Mohringen, t Bavaria, 8 m, S, S,
E, Augsburg. Pop, 1,200,
Mehun, t France, in Cher, 12 m. N, W. Bour
ges, Pop. 1,300.
Mehmas, disfrict, Hind, in Gujerat, on the Pnd-
dar river.
Meidling, t Ausfria, 10 m. S. by W. Vienna.
Pop. 3,200.
Meidun, v. Egypt, 32 ra. S. Cairo.
Meie, r. Eng. which falls into the Severa, af
Shrewsbury. Meigle, t. ScoUand, in Perthshire, 12 m. N. W.
Dundee. Meigs, CO. Ohio, N. of GalUa co.
Meigs, t Adaraa co. Ohio.
Meigs creek, r. Ohio, wfaich runa into the Mus
kingum, 20 m. above Marietta.
MeigsviUe, t. Morgsm co. Ohio,
Meilen, v. Switz. 3 m. S. E. Zurich. Pop. 2,200.
Meilhan, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m.
W. N. W. Marmande. Pop. 2,400.
Meillonas, t France, in Ain, 6 m. N. E. Bourg.
Pop. 1,400.
Meimac, or Meyniac, t France, in Correze, 9
m. W. U.ssel. Pop. 3,000.
Meinungen, a principality in tfae interior of
Germany, forming the territory of the duke of
Saxe-Meinungen. Extent, 448 sq. miles. Pop.
54,400. Revenue, 35,000/. It consiata ' of two
diatricta, situated at some distance from each oth
er. It is traversed by Uie river Wpri'a, has ex
tenaive foreata, and raines of iron, coal, and cobalt.
Meinungen, t Germany, on the Werra. It haa
been, aince 1681, the residence of the dukes of
Saxe-Meinungen, who have here a large and ele
gant caatle, with a library, a cabinet of curiosi-

MEL

MEL

Ul

ties, and a depot of archives. 21 m. N. Schwein
furt Pop. 4,200.
Meisenheim, t Germany, 34 m. N. Deux-Ponts,
30 W. S. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,800.
Meissen, or Misnia, a circle of Saxony, extend
ing along both aides of the Elbe, from Bohemia on
the S. to Prussian Saxony on the N. Area, 1,600
sq. miles. Pop. 298,000. It contains the princi
pal manufacturea of Saxony, whether in woollen,
linen, or cotton, and ia one of the moat populous,
Emd best cultivated parts of the kingdom,
Meissen, t Saxony, on the Elbe, at the junction
of the Meissa. It is well known for ita porcelEiin
manufacture. 15 m. W. N. W. Dresden. Pop.
4,100. Mg'erdoh, a-p, Algiera, 42 m, W, Tlemsan,
Mejerdah, r, Africa, tfae Bagrada of tfae an
cients, which runs through the W, part of Tunia,
and along the bordera of Algiera, tiU it faUs into
the Mediterranean at Porto Farina,
Mekehoan, a-p, Ommon, in Arabia, on tfae Per
sian gulf, 45 m. W. S. W, Julfa,
Mekran, a province of Peraisi, on the shore of
the IndiEui ocean. On the E. it extends to the
province of Scind, in Hindostan, and ou Uie west
and north itfaas Kerman and SeiatEui.
Melada, Meleda, or Melit, amall ial, Auatria, off
Uie coast of Dalraatia, Pop, 2,(XlO, Lon, 17" 68'
E. Lat 43" 5' N.
Melada, smaU iaL off the coaat of DsdmatiE^ N.
of laola Groasa. Lon. 16° 66' E. Lat. 44° Sff N.
Melasso, t Natolia, iu A. Turkey, 80 ra. S.
Smyrna. Melaui. See Mellovoui.
Melay, or Meslay, t. France, in Mayenne, 15 m,
S. E, LavaL Pop. 1,300,
Mdozso, or Milazso, (an, Myke,) s-p. Sicily, in
the Val di Demona, "The trade consiata in the
export of wine, oUves, and olive oil, and is car
ried on chiefly with MarseiUea, Leghorn, and Ge
noa, Pop. 6,000, 20 m. W, Meaaina, 100 E, Pa
lermo. Lon. 15° 2ff E. Lat 38° Iff N.
Melbourne, t BuckingfaEun co. Lower CanadEi,
on the St. Francis, 50 m. S, by E. Three-Rivera.
Meleambe Regis, borough and t Eng. in Dorset
shire, at the mouth of the Wey, opposite Wey
mouth. It sends two raembers to parliament. Pop.
2,350. Melk, Molk, or Moekk, t Austria, half way be
tween Lintz and Vienna.
Meldorf, or Meldorp, t Denmark, 50 ra. N. W.
Hamburgh. Lon, 9° 4' E, Lat. 54° 10' N. Pop,
2,000. Meldrum, Old, t ScotlEmd, in Aberdeenshire,
17i m. N, W. Aberdeen.
Melenki, t. Eu. Russia, 68 m. S, E, Vladirair.
Lon. 29° 41' E. Lat. 65" Iff N.
Mdetetunk, r, N. J, which communicates through
Beaverdam bay, with the Atlantic, at Cranberry
inlet Lat 40° 5'N.
Melfi, t Naples, in BasiUcata, 52 m, E, hy N,
Salerno. Pop, 7,600,
Melfard, Long, t Eng, in Suflblk, 69i- m, N, E.
by N. London, Pop, 2,068.
Melgar de Fermental, t. Spain, in Buigoa, 42 m.
N. W. Burgos.
Melilla, s-p. Morocoo, in Fez, on the coast of the
Mediterranean. Lon. 2° 64' W. Lat 36° 24' N.
Mdinda, s-p, E, Africa, and cap, of a kingdom
of the same narae. It was forraerly tributary to
the Portuguese, but in 1698, was wreated from
them by the Arabs, in wfaoae power it haa ever
since remained. Melinda is a large and handsome

town, the houaes built of atone, many of thera
magnificent and richly furnished. The numer
ous mosques give it a aplendid appearance from
the sea, , It is the aeat of a very considerable
trade, beiug resorted tp by vessela frora the Red
sea, Persia, and the northern parts of India, The
exporta conaiat of gold, ivory, copper, wax, and
drugs, in exchange for afllcs, cottons, linen cloths,
and European commodities. The ruling people
are Mahometana ; but a considerable proportion
of the inhabitants consist of negroea. The inte
rior of the country has not been explored by Eu
ropeans, The city stands in lon, 41° 2' E, lat,
3° S.
Melipillo, province. Chili, bounded N. by Quil-
lota, S. by the river Maypo, which divides it from
Rancagua, and W. by the sea. Melipilla, the
capital, is in lon. 70° 7' W. lat 32° 32' N.
Melitcu See Malta.
Mditopal, t Eu. Russia, 12 ni. from the sea of
Azoph, 108 S. Ekaterinoslav. Lon. 35° Iff E.
Lat 46° 12' N.
MelUto, t. Italy, 4 m. N. Naplea, Pop. 2,500.
Melkapare, t. Hind, in Berar, Lon, 76° 39' E.
Lat 21" 4'N.
MeUcsham, t Eng. in Wilta, ou the Avon, 95 ra,
S, London, Pop, 4,110,
Mell Islands, small ialanda, near the W. coast of
Scotiand, Lon, 4° 67' W, Lat 58° 15' N.
Mella, T. Austrian Italy, which falla into the
Oglio, near Oatiano,
Mellara, t. Austrian Italy, on the Po, 18 in. E.
by S, Mantua,
MeUavoui, or Melaui, city. Upper Egypt, 120
m. S. Cairo,
Melk, Capo delle, cape, on the N, W. coaat oj"
Italy. Lon. 8° Iff E. Lat. 43° Sff N.
Melli, or Lamlem, described by the Arabian
writers as an extensive country of Africa, situated
S. of the Niger.
Mellingen, t Switz. in Aargau, 9 m. S. by W.
Baden. Mellor, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, 8i m. N. W. Cha
pel in le Frith. Pop. 1,760.
Mellor, t Eng. in Lancashire, 3 ra. N. W. Black-
bum, Pop. 1,548.
Mellricltsladt, t. Bavaria, 49 ra. N. N, E, Wurz
burg. Pop. 2,000,
Metis, V. Eng. in Somerset, 3 ra, W, N, W.
Frorae, Pop. 1,061.
MelMlle, t Cumberland co. N. J, Pop, 1,032.
Melnick, t. Boheraia, at the junction of the
Moldau and the Elbe, J8 m. N. Prague, Pop.
1,200. .M-Zo, t Buenos Ayres, Lon, 54° 17' 24" W, Lat
32" 23' 14" S,
Melrose, t. Scotland, in Roxburgh co, pleasantly
situated at the bottom of the Eildon hills, on the
aide of a fertile vale, interaected by the Tweed.
A short distance from the town, on the S, side of
the Tweed, is the abbey of Melroae, one of the
largeat and most magnificent in the kingdom. The
Lay of tfae Laat Minstrel, by Mr. Walter Scott,
containing a beautiful description of it, has ren»
dered Melrose abbey an object of so much inter
est, aa now to be -risited by travellers from all parta
of the globe, 35 m. S. Edinburgh, UN. Jedburgh.
Pop, 3,132.
Mdsungen, t. Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on the
Fulda, 14 ra, S. S. E, Cassel. , Pop. 2,850.
Meltham, t. Eng, iu Yorkshire, 6i m, S, W. bf
S, Huddersfield, Pop. 1,430.

452

MEN

Jlfe//on Mowbray, t, Eng, in Leicester, on the
Eye, 20 ra, S, E, Nottingham, Lon, 0° 64' W,
Lat52°4ffN, Pop, 2,145.
Melville Bay, harbor, on the N. coast of New
Holland, Lon, of Point Dundas, at the entrance,
136° 41' E. Lat. 12° Iff S.
Melville, Cope, the N. W. point of Hispaniola.
Lon, 60° Sff W. Lat 15° 44' N.
Melville Island, the largeat of the New Georgia
ialanda, diacovered by Lieut. Parry, in the sura
raer of 1819, in the Polar aea, Lat, 74° 47' N.
Lon. 110° 47' W. Ina harbor on the S. side of
this island, the expedition under Lieut. Parry
¦wintered in 1819—20.
Melville Isles, islands on the N. shore of New
Holland, at the entrance into the gulf of Carpen
taria, on the W. side. Lon, 136° 62' E, Lat 12°
8J'S, Melun, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, on the
Seine, 11 m. N, Fontainbleau, 32 S, E, Paria,
Pop, 6,700,
Memel, t E, Prussia, on the Curische Haff,
whicfa joins the Baltic here by a narrow strait.
It is atrongly fortified. The aituation is very fa
vourable for trade, the Curische Haff receiving
the great river Memel or Niemen, which is na'vi-
gable throughout a great part of Lithuania, It
exports timber, which is brought down in floats ;
also hemp, flax, and corn. The harbor is capa
cious, but it will not admit vessels drawing above
1 8 feet of water. The manufactures are trifling.
70 m, N, N, E, Konigsberg, ISO N, E, Dantzic,
Lon, 21° 6' E, Lat 65° 42' N, Pop. 6,000.
Memmingen, t. Bavaria, on the Iller, 28 m. S.
by E. Ulm. Lon. 10° Iff E. Lat 47° 59' N. Pop,
6,600, Memphis, in Sac, Geog, ancient city of Egypt,
called also Moph, and Noph. Near its site stand
the modem villages of Gizeh, and Mohnan,
Memphramagog, Lake, on the boundary between
Vt andLower Canada. It is SO milea long, and dis
charges its waters through St, Francis river into
the river St. Lawrence.
Memramcoak, sraaU r, whicfa has been recora
mended as the boundary between the province of
New Brunawick and Nova Scoiia, It falla into
the bay of Fundy,
Men of May, rocks in the North aea, near the
-Nf. coast of Scotland, 6 m, E, Dunnet Head, Lon,
3° ff W, Lat, 58° 3' N,
Menai, Strait of, in Wales, dividing the island of
Anglesey from the main land,
Menamen, t. .\. Turkey, 6 m. N, W, Smyrna,
Menancabow, kingdom, Sumatra, in the centre
of the island, at present confined to about 60 milea
bn each aide of tiie equator, Ua juriadiction for
raerly extended over the whole ialand,
Menut, t. France, in Puy-de-Dorae, 27 ra, N, N,
W. Clermont Pop, 1,700,
Metichuon, isl, off the coast of Chili, Lat, 44°
Sff S,
Mende, t. France, cap, of Lozere, on the left
bank of the Lot, It is the aee of a biahop. Pop,
-5,000, 40 m, S- W, LePuy,
Mendeli, t. Irak Arabi, 50 ra, N. E, Bagdad,
Menden, t, Pruasian Statea, 49 ra, N, E, Co
logne, Pop, 1,400,
Mendes, s-p, Anatolia, in A, Turkey, 20 ra, S,
Mflets, Mendham, p-t. Morris co. N. J. 6 m. S, W. Mor
ristown, Pop, 1,277.

MEN
Mendip Hills, a range of hiUa in Eng, in StJm'-
eraet co. abounding with coal and lead.
Mendlesham, v. Eng, in Suffolk, 79i m, N. E.
London, Fop, 1,093.
Mendocas Islands. See Marquesas.
Mendocino, Cape, on tfae N, W, coast of Amet'
ica, Lon, 124° 7' W. Lat, 40° Iff N,
Mendon, p-t Worcester co. Mass. 19 m, S,
Vt^orcester, 37 S, W. Boaton, Pop, 1,819. Il is
watered by Charles river, MiU river, and other
streams, and has a cotton factory, a forge, and nu
raerous mills,
Mendon, p-t Ontario co, (N, Y,) N, W, of Ca
nandaigua, Mer^zo, city, Buenos Ayres, at the fool of the
Andes, near tbe S, W. comer of the Viceroyalty,
Lon, 69° 47' W, Lat 33° 25' S, Pop, 21,000,
Mendoza, r. in the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayrea,
which riaea in the Andea, aud running E, ia form
ed into lakes in the plains,
Mendrah, district Fezzan, in Africa, 60 m, S,
Mourzouk, Mendrisio, or Dendris, t Switz. in Ticino, 7 m,
W, Como,
Mendy, properly Mhendigaut, t. Hind, in Agra,
on the W. bank of tiie Ganges. Lon. 79° 57' E.
Lat 27" ffN.
Menerbes, t France, in Vaucluse, 18 m. E. S.E,
Avignon, Pop. 1,5(X).
Menetou Sakn, t. France, in Cher, 11 m. N,
Bourges, Pop, 3,300.
Menga, Pointe de, cape, on the N. W. coast of
France. Lon. 1° 51' W. Lat 48° 42' N.
Mengen, t. Wirteraberg, 50 m. S. Stu^prd.
Pop. 1,700.
Mengeringhausen, t. GermEmy, 24 m. W.N.W,
Cassel, Pop, 1,200,
Mengerskirchen, t Germany, in Nassau, 7 m. S.
W. DiUenburg, Pop. 1,000.
Menhuso, s-p. Barca, in Africa, 160 m. S. W.
Tolometa. Menil, t France, in MEiine-Emd-Loire, on tiie
Loire, 14 m. S. W. Angera. Pop. 1,400.
Menilles, t. France, 9 m. W, Evreux, Pop,
1,400, Menin, t. Netherlands, iu W. Flamdera, on the
Lys, It is fortified, and is tolerably weU built 11
m, N, Liale, 30 S. Bruges, Pop. 4,600.
Menomime,r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into Green bay, 60 m, N,E, Fort Howard. Itadmits
veasels drawing 6 or 7 feet water, and canoes eis-
cend tfae river 60 leagues. There is a small ril-
lage of Menominie Indians, 3 mfles from the mouth
of the river.
Menron, Fort, Up. Canada, on the N. sideof the
river Kaminiticwia, which falla into the weat end
of lake Superior, 20 m. below, at Fort WilUam.
It ia in about lon, 90° W. lat"48° N,
Mens, t. France, iu Isere, 26 m. S, Grenoble.
Pop. 2,000,
Mensclink, t Eu, Russia, in Orenburg, 140 m,
E, Kasan, Pop, 2,400,
Mensheel. See Meschie.
Menstrie, v. Scotiand, in Perthshire, 5 m. N, E,
Stirling, Mentane, t Sardinian statea, on the sea coaat, 6
m, N. E. Monaco, Lon, 7° 31' E, Lat 45° 45' N,
Pop, 3,300,
Mentor, t. Geauga co. Ohio, on lake Erie, W, of
PEiinesviUe, Mentuosa, isl, on the coast of Veragpia. LoB.
62°40'W, Lat, 7° IffN..

MER

MER

453

j¥en/«, JIfaimi, or Mayence, city, Germany, in
thegrEuid duchy of Hesse, on the left bank of the
Rhine, immediately below the influx ofthe Maine,
It ia built nearly in the form of a semicircle, of
which the Rhine ia the basia. It is the strongest
fortress in Germany, The greatest defect of the
fortificationa ia their extent, which ia such as to
require a garrison of nearly 30,000 men. The
interior of tiie town is by no means handsome.
The public library contains a collection of 80,000
volumes; a cabinet of coins and medEds; a mu
seum of Roman monuraenta, said to be the most
complete of any out of Itsdy ; and a gallery of
pictures. Pop. 23,500, of whom 1,600 are Jews,
Its trade is partly in wines, partly in general com
mission business connected with the navigation of
the river. In 1802, the archbishopric was sup-
preaaed, aud Mentz is now only a biahop's see. 37
m, S. E. Coblentz, 99 N. by E. Strasburg. Lon.
8"11'E. Lat49°6ffN.
Ments, p-t. Cayuga co. N. Y. on the Erie canal,
12 m. N.W. Auburn. Pop. 1,207. In this town
is the villEige of Montezuma.
Menuf, or Mencuf, city. Lower Egypt, 22 ra. N.
N. W. Cairo. Pop. about 5,000.
Menugat, t. CaramEmia, in A. Turkey, 21 m,
W, Alanieh,
Menzabano, t Italy, on the Mincio, where the
Austrians were defeated by the French in 1800,
Menzaleh, extensive lake of Lower Egypt, ex
tending along the coEist to the E, of the Damietta
branch of the Nfle, 60 miles long, and 25 in its
greateat breadth,
Mensakh, t, Egypt, on the bordera of lake Men
zaleh, 20 m. S. S. E, Daraiella, Pop, 2,000,
Menzdinsk, t. A, Ruaaia, in Oufa, 132 m, W, N,
W. Oufa,
Menzies, Point, cape, on the N. W, coast of
America, at the entrance of Benlick' a Arma, Lon,
232° 6ff W, Lat 52° Iff N,
Menzingen, or Menzigen, v, Switz, 4 m, E,
Zug. Meppel, t. Netherlanda, 24 m. W. Covorden,
Pop, 4,700,
Meppen, t Germany, 52 ra. N, Munster, Pop,
1,600, Mequinenza, t, Spain, in Catalonia, at the con
fluence of the Segre, the Cinca, and the Ebro, 19
m. S. S. W, Lerida. Pop. 1,600.
Mequinez, city, Morocco, and frequentiy the
residence of the eraperors. It is situated in a fine
plain, watered by numerous rivulets, and sur
rounded with a wall aix feet high, which serves as
a defence against the Brebers. Lon. 6° 60' W.
Lat 33° SffN.
Mer, t France, in Loir-and-Cher, 21 ra. S. W.
Orleans. Pop. 4,300.
Mer, t Hind, in Cutch. Lat, 23° 32' N,
Meral, t. France, in Mayenne, 17 m, N, W, Cha
teau Gontier, Pop, 1,500,
Meron, t Tyrol, near the confluence of the
Passeyer and Adige, 42 ra, N, Trent, Pop, 2,300,
Merane, t. Gerraany, in Saxony, Pop, 2,200,
Lon. 12° 21' E. Lat 50°4ff N.
Merat, or Meerut, t. Hind, in Delhi, Lon, 77°
33' E, Lat 29° 1' N,
Merathaim, in Sac, Geog, a province of Chal
dea, on both aides of the Tigris,
Mercara, t India, in Mysore, Lon, 75° 68' E,
Lat 12° 3ff N.
Mercer, p-t. Somerset co. Maine, Ilm, W, Nor
ridgewock,

Mercer, co. Pa, bounded N, by Crawford co, E,
by Venango co, S, by Beaver co, Euid W, by Ohio,
Pop, 8,277,
Mercer, p-t, and cap, Mercer co. Pa, 70 m, N,
W. Pittsburg, Pop, 262,
Mercer, t Butler co. Pa, Pop, 688,
Mercer, co. Ken, Pop, 12,430, Slaves, 3,204.
Chief town, Harrodsburg,
Mercer, co, Ohio, bordering on Indiana,
Mercersburg, p-t Franklin co. Pa, 16 ra, S, W,
Chambersburg, 168 W. Philadelphia.
Merchingen, t. Baden, 6 m, W, by S, Krau-
Uieira, Pop, 1,100,
Merchtem, t, Netherlanda, in South Brabant, 9
ra. N, N. W, Brussels. Pop. 3,500,
Mercogliano, t Naples, in the Principato Ultr^,
Pop, 3,000,
Mercury Bay, bay on the N,E. coast of the
northernmost island of New Zealand, Lou, 184°
4' W, Lat, 36° 4ff S,
Mercury, Point, New Zealand, the N, E, point
of Mercury bay, Lon, 184° W, Lat, 36° 47' S,
Merdin, city, Diarbekir, in A, Turkey, nearthe
top of a lofty mountain, the summit of which is
crowned by a castle. Pop, 1 1,000, of Whom 1,600
are Arminians, and 200 Jews; the reraainder
Turks, Arabs, and Curds, 46 ra, S, Diarbekir,
Merdrignac, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 17
m, E, Lodeve. Pop. 2,200.
Mere, t. Eng. in Wfltshire, 23 m. W, by N, Sal
isbury, 102 W, S, W, London, Pop, 2,21 1,
JIfere, t. Eng, in Cheshire, 2J m, N, W, Nethei
Knulsford. Mere, v. France, in Calvados, 2 m. E. N. E.
Conde aur Noireau. Pop. 1,200,
Merees, t. Rusaian Lithuania, in Wilna, on the
Niemen. Lon, 23° 40' E, Lat. 64° ff N,
Meredith, p-t, Strafford co, N. H, on lake Win
nipiseogee, 26 m, N, Concord, Pop, 1,940, It
contains 4 houses of public worship, a nail manu
factory, and 2 distilleries. At Meredith bridge,
in the S, E, part of the town, ia a sraall village,
A canal through Meredith is in couteraplation to
connect lake Winnipiseogee with Merriraack
river, Meredith, p-t Delaware co, N, Y, 8 m, N, Del
hi, 66 W, CatskiU, 69 S, W, Albany, Pop, 726,
Jlfer^eraei;, fort. A, Russia, on the Oural, 72 m,
S, Ouralsk,
Mergentheim, t Wirtemberg, 19 m, S, by W,
Wurzburg, Pop, 3,000,
Mergui, s-p, of tfae Birraan erapire, on Tanna-
serim river, 6 m, from ita raouth, Lon, 98° 23' E,
Lat. 12° 12' N,
Merpii Arthipelaga. These ialanda extend 135
milea from N, to S, along the isthraus ofthe Malay
peninsula, -with a strait between them and the
maip land, from 15 to SO railes broad. The prin
cipal are King's ialand, St Matthew's, Clara, and
Tannaaerira. They nominally belong to the Bir
mans. Merida, t Spain, in Eatremadura, on the Gua-.
diaua. In the time of the Romans and Goths, it
WEia called Augusta Emerita. Its antiquitiea ren
der it an object of great intereat, Theae are
scattered in all directions : in the walls, the houses,
the churches, and even in the pavement of the
streets, are diacovered the reraains of columns,
baaea, capitala, frizes, atatues, and inaOriptions, 30
m, E, Badajoa, 108 N. W, Cordova, 111 N, Seville.
Lon, 6° 5ff W, Lat 38° 5ff N, ,
Merida, an intendancy of New Spain, compre-

454

MER

bending the peninsula of Yucatan, aituated be
tween the baya of Campeachy and Honduras,
Extent, 45,784 aq, mUea, Pop, 465,800, The
trees wfaich furniah the famous Campeacfay wood,
grow in abundance in several districts of thia in
tendancy, Merida, city, Mexico, cap, of the province of
Yucatan, 70 m, N, E. Campeachy, Pop, 10,000,
Meriden, p-t. New Haven co, Ct, 17 m, N, New
Haven, 17 S, Hartford, Pop, 1,249, It contains
3 churches, 1 for Congregationalists, 1 for Episco
palians, and 1 for Baptiats, Here are several
manufacturea of tin ware.
Meridian, p-t Madiaon co, Missouri,
Merignac, t. France, in Charente, 9 m, E. Cog
nac. Pop. 1,200, — Also, a town in Gironde, 6 ra,
fr, Bourdeaux, Pop, 2,000,
Merigny, t, France, in Indre, 5 ra, W, Le Blanc,
Pop, 1,200,
Merilks, t. France, in Yonne, 6 m, N, E, St,
Fargeau, Pop, 1,700,
Merimeg. See Maramee.
Merion, Lower, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
1,835. Merion, Xfpper, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
1,156. Merioneth, maritime co. Wales, bounded N, by
Caernarvon and Denbigh counties, S, by Cardi
gan, W. by Cardigan bay, and E, by Denbigh and
Montgomery counties. Extent, 670 sq, miles, or
430,000 acres. Pop, in 1801, 29,500; in 1811,
30,924, Merishausen, t. Switz, 5 m, N. Schaffhausen,
Merkra, small isl, in the Mediterranean, 12 ra,
N, W. Corfu,
Merkrault, t. France, in Orne, 18 m. N, N, E,
Alencon, Pop, 1,300,
Mermentau, Mexicano, or Mentou, r. Louisiana,
which, after a aoutherly course of 200 miles, falls
into the gulf of Mexico, about 200 miles to the
weat of the Miaaissippi, In the lower part of its
course, it expands into a spacious lake ; and before
ita exit into the sea it again assuraes the form and
breadth of a sraall river,
Merom, p-l. and cap. Sullivan co. Indiana, on
the E. side of the Wabash, 35 ra. above Vincen
nes. Its situation is elevated, being on the high
est land on the Wabaah from its mouth to tfae E.
line of the Stale. It coraraands a view of the
prairie country for 30 railes, wfaich is rapidly set
tiing. ">
. Merrimack, r. N. H. formed by the union of the
Pemigewaaset and the Winnipiseogee, The Pcmi-
gewasset rises in the White raountains, and run
ning S, about 70 miles, receives the Winnipiseo
gee ; after which, the united stream continues a
southerly course, and passes into Massachusetts,
where turning to the N, E, it runs 50 miles, and
falls into the ocean below Newburyport, It is
navigable to Haverhill. Salmon, shad, and ale-
wives are caught in considerable quantities. The
Middlesex canal in Massachusetts connects this
river with Boston harbor, and by means of various
improvements around the rapida and falls of the
river, the navigation is now extended aa high up
as Concord, The following are the principal im
provements : — Bow canal, around the falls a few
miles below Concord, was constructed in 1819, nl
an expense of $20,000, Six miles furUier down
is Hooksett canal, which cOat $15,000, The fall at
thia place ia 17 feet Eight miles below Hooksett
is Amoskeag canal, the greatest work of the kind

MER
in New England, except Middleaex, On leaving
Amoakeag canal you enter upon a section of the
river nine railes in extent, converted by law into
the Union canal, comprehending in that apace aix
diatinct faUa, all of which have been made passa
ble, Deacending five milea further, you come to
CramweU's falls, which are made paasable by a
canal. The cost of Union canal, including Crom
well's, was about 60,000 dollars. Fifteen miles
below Cromwell's faUa, are Wicasee falls and ca
nal iu Middlesex co. Mass, The canal cost 14,000
dollars. Three railes below Wicasee canal is the
entrance into the Middleaex canal.
Merrimack, p-t Hillaborough co, N, H, 6 m, E.
Amherat, Pop, 1,047,
Merrimack, t. Waahington co, Miaaouri,
Merrimack, t Franklin co, Missouri,
Merrimack, Missouri, See Maramee.
Merritch, t. Hind, in Bejapore, on the Krishna,
Lon, 76° E, Lat 16° 52'N,
Merritstoum, p-l, Fayette co. Pa,
Merry hiU, p-v, Bertie co, N . C,
Merrymeeling bay, Maine, ia formed by the junc
tion ofthe Kennebec and Androacoggin rivers, 20
m, from the aea,
Merrymee'.ing bay, N, H, the S, E. arm of Lake
Winnipiaeogee, extending about 5 mfles in the
township of Alton,
Merry's Island, isl. m Hudson's bay. Lon, 93°
ffW. Lat 61° 52'N.
Mers Agoleta, s-p. -Algiei-s, 6 m, N. W. Tniss.
Mers el Kebeer, or Mosalquiver, s-p. Algiers, 6
m. W, Oran,
Mersch, t. Prussian atates, near JuUers. Fop.
1,700, Mersch, t, Netherlanda, 8 m. N. Luxemberg.
Pop. 1,700.
Mersea, t. Esaex co. Up. Canada, on Lake Erie,
Merseburg, one ofthe new divisions ofthe Prus
sian statea, consisting almost entirely of the terri
tories ceded by Saxony in 1816, Extent^ 4,000
square miles. Pop. 471,000,
Merseburg, t Prussian Saxony, cap. of the pre
ceding government, is on the Saale, 15 m. W.
Leipsic. Lon. 12° E. Lat. 51° 21' N. Pop. 6,800.
Mersey, ial. Eng. on the coEiat of Easex, 9 m. S,
Colchester. Mersey, r. Eng, which rises on the borders of
Cheshire, Derbyshire, and Yorkshfre, runs W,
and falls into the Irish seEi, at Liverpool,
Merthyr Tydvil, t Wales, in Glamorgan co. in
tfae valley of the Taaf. It was formerly a small
village, but is now the chief town of Wales, -and
the seal of raost extenaive iron works. Iron
and coal abound in the neighbourhood. The
iron works are 4 in number, namely, the Cyfarthfa
works ; the Dowlais works ; the Penydarran
works ; and the Plymouth works. The Cyfarthfa
worka are by far the most extensive and grand,
and employ 3,000 men. The quantity of iron man
ufactured at the four works above raentioned, in
the year 1818, and exported frora Caerdiff, was
44,583 tons. Pop, 22,000. 16 m. N, bv W.Caer
philly, 21 N, by W, Caerdiff, 176 W, London,
Lon, 3° 2ff W, Lat, 61° 44' N,
Mertola, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the Guadi
ana, which ia navigable from this toivn down
wards, 24 ra, S, S, E, Beja, Lon, 7° 31' W, Lat
37»3ffN, Pop, 3,000.
Merlon, v. Eng. in Snrry, Here Merton col
lege was first erected in 1274, 7 m. S. London.
Pop, 905,

M £ S
Ment, t, France, in Oise, 10 m, S. Chaumont,
Pop, 1,400.
Mern Shah Jehan, a city of Koraasan, in Persia,
once the capital of many of the Peraian aultans,
now greaUy declined. 130 m. N, E. Mesched,
Pop, 3,000,
Mervaut, t. France, in La Vendee, 6 m, N, Fon
tenay, Pop, 1,600.
Merud, or Amaravali, t, Plind, in Bejapore,
Lon, 74° Sff E, Lat, 18° Iff N,
Meruvais, r, N, W. Territory, which runa into
Lake Superior, It interlocks with the St,
Croix, a water ofthe Mississippi,
Merville, t, France, dep. of the Nortfa, on the
Lys, 16 m. W, Liale, Pop, 6,300,
Mery sur Seine, t. France, in Aube, on the Seine,
15 m, N, W, Troyes, Pop, 1,200,
Mesatongi, t. Eu, Turkey, in Livadia, 70 m, W,
by S. LivadiEU
Mesched, a city of Korassan, cap. of the Persian
part of that province. It carriea on a considera
ble trade with Bokhsu'a, Bulkfa, Candahar, Yezd,
and Herat. Velvet of ihe finest quality is msmu-
factured here ; aad its fur pelisses are rauch ea
teemed. Lon. 67° E. Lat 37" 36' N. Pop. 50,000.
Mesched AU, or Nejiff, t. Irak Arabi, supposed to
be the burial place of the caliph Ali, The most con
spicuous object is the tomb and mosque of Ali.
¦The town is entfrely supported by the influx of
Persian pilgrims and devotees, who regard il with
a veneration little inferior to Mecca. 90 m. S,

MET

455

Meschedizar, port of Mazanderan, in Persia, on
the coast ofthe Caspian, 10 m. W, Amul.
Meschidabad, v. NatoUa, in A. Turkey, 25 m.
S. S. W. Amasieh.
Meschie, or Menshed, t Upper Egypt, caUed an
ciently Ptolemais, on the Nile, 5 m. N. Girge. It
enjoys a considerable trade, as the barks between
CEuro and the cataracts usuaUy stop there for pro
visions. Mese, small isl. in the Eastern seas, Lon, 131°
Sff E,Lat6°5ffN,
Mesen, t Eu, Russia, in Archangel, on the riv
er Mesen, 138 ra. E. N, E, Archangel, 30 from
the mouth ofthe Mesen, Pop. 2,000,
Mesen, r.Eu. Russia, which falls intothe White
seEi, Meseritsch, Great, t Moravia, 56 m. W, Olmutz,
Pop, 3,400,
Meseritz, or Miendsyrsecs, t. Prussian PolEuid,
55 ra, W, Posen. Pop, 3,600.
Meskouteen Hammam. See Hammam Meskou
teen. Meslay, t. France, in Mayenne, 12 m, S, E, La
val, Pop, 1,200.
Mesola, t. Ecclesiastical states, 30 ra, E, N, E,
FerrEira, Mesopotamia, in Sac, Geog. now Diarbekir.
Mesopotamia, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 16 m, N,
yf. Warren.
Mesquital, t Mexico, 18 m, N, E, Guadalalt-
ara, Messa, t, Morocco, 165 m, S, W, Morocco,
Messene, formerly a city of Greece, in the S, W,
of the Peloponnesus. The raodern village of
Maurraati atanda on the aite of the ancient city.
25 m. N, E, Navarin, 33 W, N, W, Miaitra,
Messina, a large city in the N, E, of Sicily, on a
sfrait called from it the Faro di Messina, The
strait runs from N, to S, and the town of Meaaina
runa parallel with it, forming an oblong of more

than 2 miles in length. Nothing can be raore
beautiful than the view of Messina from on board
a vessel at the distance of a mfle. The finest part
of the city ia the Marina, a long line of buildings
facing the harbour, and running parallel with it
for more than a mile. The town, since the great
convulsion in 1783, has been re-buflt with regu
larity and elegance. The harbour is the fineat in
the Mediterranean ; it consists of a bay, wfaich
hEia the city along ita W, shore, and on the E, a
long tongue of land, the point of which turns in
ward, ao aa to form an inlet (a quarter of a mile
acrosa,) sufliciently wide for the ingress of fleets,
and sufficientiy narrow to protect the inclosed wa
ters from the agitation of the aea. The circum
ference of tfais harbour is frora 4 to 5 milea : its
depth in moat placea not leas than 40 fathoma. It
ia defended by a strong citadel, situated on the
projecting tongue of laud. All the staple com-
moditiea of the ialand are shipped here. In par
ticular, the Faro wine, of which not less than
10,000 pipes are aaid to be ahipped annuaUy.
There are aeveral extensive manuactories of silk
in the city, Messina is reraarkable for its raisfor-
tunea. Of theae, tfae two moat recent, as well aa
raelancholy, were the plague of 1743, and the
earthquake of 1783. Pop, 36,000, 50 m, N, N, E.
Catania, 130 E. Palermo, Lon. 15° 4ff E. Lat-
38° 1 1'N,
Messines, t Netherlands, in West Flanders, 8
m. S, E, Ypres, Pop. 3,200,
Mestre, or Maestro, t. Austrian Italy, 14 m. N.
E, Padua. Pop. 6,000.
Mesuraca, t Naples, in Calabria UltrEi, 25 m. N,
E, Nicastro, Pop, 2,300,
Mesurado, r. West Africa, which falla into the
Atlantic at the W, extremity of the Grain coaat-
On its banks is aituated a kingdora of tfae same
name. Mesurata, s-p. Tripoli, in Africa, the route frav-
elled by the caravans between Tripoli and Fez
zan, Mesurier, Point k, cape on the N, W, coaat of
America. Lat 66° 46' N,
Mesurier, Point le, cape on the N, E, coaat of
Kay'a island, in the Pacific, Lon, 216° 4' E, Lat,
60" 3' N,
Messcsovsk, t. Eu. Russia, 66 m.W. Kaluga. Pop.
1,600. Meta, large r. New Grenada, in S, Araerica,
whicfa rises in the mounlEun ridge opposite to San
ta Fe de Bogota, and falls into the Orinoco, about
450 milea from its aource, in lon. 67" 45' W, lat, 6°
Iff SO" N,
Metawamkmg, r. MEiine, which joins the Penob
scot on the E. 30 m. above tfae raouth of the Pasa-
dunkeag. Metcalfborough, p-t, FrankUn co. Ten,
Metelar, one of the Lacadive islands, Lon, 72°
26' E, Lat. 12° Iff N,
Metelen, t. Prussian States, 21 ra, W, N, W.
Munster, Pop, 1,200,
Metelin. See Mytilene.
Metepec, t. Mexico, Lon, 99° 2ff W, Lat, 19°
20' N, 33 ra. S. W. Mexico.
Methill, s-p. Scotland, inthe frith of Forth, 1 m.
W. Leven. Pop. 388.
Metho, or Wadey, mountainous country of Cen
tral Africa, W. of Darfur,
Methven, v, Scotiand, in PerUishire, 6 m. W.
Perth, Methuen, p-t, Essex co. Mass, on the N. side of

456

M E X

the Merrimack, opposite Andover, wiUi which it
is connected by a bridge, 22 m, N, W Salem,
Pop, 1,181,
Metre, v. France, in Indre-and-Loir, 6 m. N,W,
Tours, Pop, 1,200,
Metropoli, t, Eu, Turkey, in the island of Can
dia, 22 ra, S, Candia,
Mettaga, t. Greece, in the Morea, 13 m, N, by
W, TripoUzza, Pop. 800,
Mettijah, an extensive plain in the territory of
Algiers, iraraedialely behind the city,
Mettingen, v. Bavaria, 4 m, S. E, Nordlingen,
Mettsecaube, small ial, near the coaat of Algiera,
6 m, N, Boujeiah,
Metuales. See Mutuales.
Metwoy Harbour, bay on the S, coast of Nova
Scotia, Lon, 64° Sff W, Lat 44° Iff N,
Metz, a large fortified town in the N, E, of
France, cap, of Moaelle, at the confluence of the
Seille and Moaelle, As a railitary depot, it is ac
counted one of the principal in France, being aur
rounded by ramparts, and defended by a great
number of bastions, and other worka. The raan
ufactures of Metz are cotton, linen, rauslin, gauze,
fustian, chintz, cEilico, different kinds of woollena,
and leather. It is the see of a bishop. 96 ra, W,
N, W: Strasburg, 210 E, by N, P-aria, Lon, 6° 10'
E, Lat 49° 7' N, Pop. 41,000,
Metzenseifen, t, in the N, E, of Hungary, 16 m,
S, Kapadorf,
Meudon, t. France, 6 m, S, W, Paris, Pop,
2,200, Meulon, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, on the
Seine, 28 m, N, W, Paris, Pop. 2,100.
Meukbeek, t Netherlands, in West Flanders, 14
ra. S, byE. Bruges. Pop. 7,000,
Meun, t. France, in- Loiret, onthe Loire, 14 ra.
W, S. W. Orieans, Pop, 4,-300.
Meun, small isl. of Denmark, in the Baltic, Lon.
13° Iff E, Lat 56° N,
Meurs, principality of the Prussian atatea. Ex
tent, 126 square miles. Pop, 28,000, Meurs, tfae
chief place, is 16 m, N, N, W, Duaaeldorf, Pop,
2,200, Meursault, t. France, 4 ra, S, W, Beaune,
Meurthe, a department in the N, E. of France,
bounded by the departraents of the Moaelle, the
Voagea, and the Meuse, P6p, in 1816, 365,500,
Extent!, 2,500 square miles. Nancy ia the capital,
Meurthe, i-. France, wich rises among the Vosges
mountains, an'' falls into the MoseUe, N. W, of
Nancy. Meuse, or Jlfae^e, a department in the N, E, of
France, bounded by tfae grandduchy of Luxem
burg, andjthe departmenta of the Moselle, the Vos
ges, the Marne, and the Ardennes, Pop, 285,000.
Extent, 2,600 square miles.
Mew Islands, small islands on the coast of Hon-
duras,;S. of Cape Cameron,
Mewe, or Gniew, t. W, Pruasia, on the Vistula.
Lon. 18° 4ff 17'' E. Lat, 53" Sff Iff' N. Pop.
2,100. Mewstone, rock in the Pacific, 5 leagues S, E,
Van Diemen's Land. Lbn, 146° 24' E, Lat, 43"
4ffS, Mexicoltzinco, t. Mexico, 6 m, S. E, Mexico,
Mexicano. See Mermentau.
Mexico, or New Spain, country or viceroyalty,
N, America, bounded N, and N, E. by the United
Slates; E,by the gulfofMexico; S, E, by Guati
raala; S, and W, by the Pacific ocean. It extends
frora 86° 6ff to 124" 30' VV, lon, and frora 16° to 42"
N, lat. Much of the northern part is inhabited by

M E X
savage Indians, The reraainder ia divided into Ii
provinces or intendancies, containing 957,541
square miles, and in 1820, about 8, 000,(X)0 inhab
itants, one third of whom were civilized Indians,
This population is settled principally in the south
ern provinces, below the parallel of 25° N, lat.
The northem provinces contain more than two-
tfairda ofthe territory, but only about one-tenth of
the population.
The land on both the coasts is low, but rises
gradually sia you approach the interior, tiU it haa
attained the height of 6 or 8,000 feet above the
level ofthe ocean; il then spreads out into broad
plains, which are called table land, presenting the
atrange apectacle, of a level country on the top of
a lofty range of raountaina. Theae plains or table
landa extend along the range from lat 18° to lat,
40° N. a diatance of 1 ,700 miles,
A range of mountains passes through the whole
length of this country from S, E, to N, W, called
tfae Cordilleras of Mexico, It is a part ofthe great
chain wfaich runs tfarougfa the American continent,
from Cape Horn to the Frozen ocean. Its top, as
we have already mentioned, conaists of extensive
plaina or table land, Frora these elevated plains
aingle mountains occasionally shoot up, whose
suraraits are covered with everlasting snow. Sev
eral peaks near the city of Mexico are more than
15,000 feet high, and the loftiest are volcanoes,
Iu the low plains, on both coasts, the heat is very
oppressive, and the climate unhealthy to Europe
ans ; but when you advance into the interior, and
begin to ascend the mountains, it becomes more
temperate, Eind at the elevation of 4 or 5,000 feet
there reigns perpetually a aoft apring temperature,
which is very healthy. As you advance stiU high
er, the cliraate becomes cooler, and at length, on
the tops of some of the loftiest mountains, you
come to tfae region of perpetual snow. Thus, in
the course of two or three days, the traveUer may
enjoy all the variety of suraraer, spring and win
ter. The productiona of this country Eu-e as various
as its climate. In the course of a few hundred
miles, you may meet with almost aU the fruits of
the temperate and torrid zones. The aoil of the
table land ia remarkably productive.. Maize is
far the raoat iraportant object of agriculture, and
in sorae places, from two to three harvests may be
taken annufdly. Wheat, rye, Emd barley are ex
tensively cultivated.
The religion is Roman Catholic, There is one
archbisfaop and eigfat bishops, whose united reve
nues amount to 1 12,000/. and the number of infe
rior clergy ia about 10,000. The counfry is gov
erned by a viceroy, aud each province is commit
ted to au intendant
The coramerce of New Spain ia carried on al
most entirely through the port of Vera Cruz, In
time of peace, Huraboldt eatimates the annual
value of exporta frora that place, at 21 milUon dol
lars, and the imports at 14,600,000. The exports
are gold and ailver in coin, bullion and plate to the
value of 17 mfllion doUars ; cochineal, 2,400,000;
augar, 1,300,000, &c. The importa are bale goods,
including woollena, cottons, linens and silks to the
value of $9,200,000; paper, 1 million; brandy,!
million; cacao, 1 miUion; .quickailv.er, 650,000,
The works ofthe mines are said to haye been much
injured during the disturbances ai-ising out ofthe
attempted revolution in 1810, and tlieir produce
to have been seriously affected.
Me.rico, city, N. America, capital of New Spaiflj

M E X
and the most populoua city ofthe New World, is in
lat. 19° 2ff N. lon, 99° 5' W, It is situated midway
between the Gulfof Mexico and the Pacific ocean,
near Lake Tezcuco, in a deUghtful valley which is
230 miles in circuraference, and elevated more than
7,(X)0 feet above the level of the ocean. It is reg
ularly built, in the form of a squ£u-e, of four railes
on each side. The streets are broad, clean, gene
raUy paved and well ligfated, Eind intersect each
other at right angles. The public buildinga are
magnificent, and aome of them of the raost beauti
ful architecture. The convent of St. Francis has
a revenue, from sdms alone, of 20,000/. The hospi
tal has a revenue of 10,0f)0/. and aupporta 1,400
children and old people. The raint eraploys about
400 workmen, and is the most extensive eslabliah-
mentsof Uie kind in tfae world. The principal
manufacture ia tfae working of gold and silver in
all its branchea. Large pieces of wrought plate,
vases Erad churcfa ornaments, are annually execu
ted lo a great amount The city conlEiina upwEirds
of 100 churches and 137,000 inhabitants, ofwhom
one half are whites, and the rest Indians, mulat
toes, and mestizoes.
This beautiful city ia supplied with -water by
two aqueducts, and its vegetables are raised on
the elegant floating gardens ofthe lake of Tezcu
co, There are three other smEdl lakes in the val
ley of Mexico besides Tezcuco, The waters iu
these lakea used formerly to rise above their banks,
and inundate the city and the vaUey, In 1629
there was a great inundation, which lasted for
five years; and during the whole of tfaat lime the
streets of Mexico could be pEisaed only in boata.
To prevent the recurrence of this evil various
means were employed without effect. At first, a
huge dike or mound of stones and clay was erected,
70 miles long and 65 feet broad; but the walers
iiursl through it and tore it away. A subterranean
passage was then dug tfarough the mountains
which surround the vaUey, lo let off the walers ;
but the earth caved in and filled up the passage.
At lengtfa a drain, 12 railes long, 3(10 feet broad,
and in some places 200 feet deep, haa been cut
through a gap in tfae mountaina, and this aeeras to
anawer the purpoae. The whole expenae laid out
on these great works from the year 1607 to 1689,
ia calculated at 1,291,770/,
Mexico ia the centre of commerce between
Spain and America on the one hand, and America
and the East Indies on the other. II communi
catea with Europe through the port of Vera Cruz,
on the Gulf of Mexico, and with the Eaat Indiea
through Acapulco, on the Pacific,
Mexico, anintendency of New Spain, extending
from 16° 30' to 22° N,lal. and bounded N. by Sau
Luis Potosi, W. by Guanaxuato and Valladolid; E,
by Vera Cruz and Puebla, and S. by the Pacifio
ocean. Extent, 45,401 aq, miles. Pop, in 1803,
1,611,800. The city of Mexico is the capital,
Mexico, Gulfof, a large bay or gulf of the At
lantic, extending from the eoast of Florida to Yu
catan, about 600 miles, and from C uba to the coaat
ef Mexico, about 700,
Mexico, t, Oxford co. Maine.
Mexico, p-t. Oswego co. N. Y. on Mexico bay,
in Lake Ontario, 13 m. E. Oswego. Lat 43° 31'
N. Pop. 845.
Mexico, p-t. Mifllin co. Pa.
Mexillones, isl. on the coast of Chili. Lat. 29°
2ffS. Meximieux, t. France, in Ain, 17 m. N. E. Ly
on;. Pop, 1,700.
58

M I C

457

Mextitkin, t, Mexico, 96 ra, E, N. E, Mexico,
Lon, 98" 2' W, Lat, 20" 37' N,
Meyeringen, t Switz. 37 ra, S. E, Berne,
Meyniac, I, France, in Correze, 9 m, W, Uzzel,
Pop, 3,000,
Meyragues, t, France, in Moulha-of-the-Rhone,
9 m. E, Aix. Pop. 1,200,
Meywar, district, Hind, in Ajmeer, between 25°
and26°N, lat
Meywat, district. Hind, in Delhi, between 27'
and 29° N, lat,
Meze, t. France, in Herault, 18 m, S, W, Mont
peUer. Pop, 2,500,
Mesemna, s-p, Fez, in Africa, on the coastof the
Mediterranean, 80 ra, E, Tetuan,
Mezieres, t. France, cap, of Ardennes, on the
Meuse. It is weU fortified. Here are an artiUery
school, and a large manufactory of arms, 14 ra.
S. E, Rocroy, 160 N, E, Paris,
Mezieres, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 6 ra. W.
BeUac, Pop, 1,300,
Mezieres, v. France, in Seine-and-Oiae, on the
Seine. Pop. 1,300.
Mezieres en Brenne, t. France, in Indre, 16 m.
N. E, Le Blanc, Pop. 1,400.
Mezin, t France, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the* '
Lauzonne, 6 m. S. S. W. Nerac. Pop. 2,500,
Mesingen, t Wirtemberg, 17 ra, S, by E, Stut
gard, Pop, 3,100,
Meso-Tur, t. Hungary, 58 m, S, W, Debreczin,
Fop, 4,000,
Messerab, smaU isl, near the head of the Red
sea, ' Lat, 27° 4ff N.
Meszova, t Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 22 m, N,
by E, Joannina, Pop, 7,,500, See Pindus.
Mglin, t. Eu, Russia, in Czernigov, 72 m, N. N,
W, Novgorod-Sieverskoi, Lon, 32" 34' E, Lat,
53" 12'N, Pop, 5,100,
Miahuatlan, t. iVIexico, 108 leagues S, E. Mex
ico, Lon. 275° Iff W, Lat 18° 35' N,
Miami, r, Ohio, which, after a course of 100
railes, enters tfae Ohio near the S, W, corner of
the state. It is navigable 75 rafles. There is a
portage of only 6 mfles between its head waters
and the Auglaize, a river of Lake Erie.
Miami, Little, r. Ohio, which joins Ohio riv
er 7 raUes above Cincinnati, In Green county
there are reraarkableifaUs in the river. If is o"^
ofthe best raill strearas in the slate,
Miami of the Lake. See Maumee.
Miami, co. Ohio, on the river Miami. Chief
town, Troy,
Miami, t, ChEunpaign co, Ohio,
Miami, I, Clermont co, Ohio,
Miami, t Gireen co, Ohio,
Miami, p-t HaraUlon co, Ohio, on the Miami,
16 ra, N, W, Cincinnati,
Miami, I, Cooper co, Missouri,
Miana, v, Aderbijan, in Persia, 60 m, S, E, Tab-
Miana, v. Naples, near the capital. Pop, 2,600,
Miasse, r. A, Russia, which risea in the Ovu;al
mountaina, and falla into the Icette.
Miavo, t. Hungary, 45 m. N, N, E. Preaburg, -
63 N, E, Vienna. Pop, 10,000,
Michadovka, t. Eu, Russia, in Kursk, 62 m-.
W,N, W.Kursk. Pop, 6,000.
Michaels, t and cap. Madison co. Missouri, 30
m, S, W. St Genevieve,
Michaikw, t. Eu. Russia, 24 m. S. S. W, Riazan,
Lon. 39° I'E. Lat 54° .5' N. Pop, 1,600,
Michel Dean, or Great Dean, t Eng. in Glouces
ter, the principal town in De-an Forest, 12 m. W.

458

M I C

Gloucester, 116 W, London. Lon, 2° 29' W, Lat
61°51'N. Pop, 535,
Michdstadi, or Miekletistadt, t. Gerraany, in
Hcaae-Darrastadt, 23 ra, N. E. Heidelberg. Pop.
1,150. Michebtown, or Mitchehtown, t Ireland, in
Cerk, 26 m. S, S, E, Limerick, 23 N. E. Cork,
Michigan, Lake, a great lake lying wholly within
the U. States, 260 mfles long, 55 broad, and 800 in
circumference, containing, according lo Hutchins,
10,368,000 acres, or 16,200 sq. mUes. On the N.
E.it communicates with Lake Huron, through the
straits of Michfllimackinac, and on the N. W. it
branchea out into two bays, one caUed Noquet's,
and the other Green bay. Tfae lalce is navigable
fbr sfaips of any burden. It faas fisfa of various
kinds, particularly front, of a large size and excel
lent quality, and sturgeon are found in its bays and
rivers. The eastern shore of tfae lake consiata of
heapa of sand, blown by the wind into every fan-
taatic shape. Lon. 84° Sff to 87" W. Lat 41" 35'
to 45° 50' N.
Michigan Territory, a territory ofthe U, States,
bounded N, by Lake Superior, E. by Lakes Hu
ron, St Clair and Erie, S. by Ohio and Indiana,
and W. by the Northwest Territory. On the N.
and E, its boundary is the same with that of the
United States ; on the S. it is the sarae witii the
northern boundaries of Ohio and Indiana ; on the
W. the line begins al the southern extreraity of
Lake Michigan, and runs due N. to Lake Supe
rior. The territory extends from 41" 31' 38/' to
46° 39' N. lat. and from 82" to about 86° W, lon.
It is 350 mfles long, from N, to S, and 212 broad on
the southern boundary, containing about 40,000
square miles.
The territory ia divided by Lake Michigan into
two parts. The eastern and rauch the largeat di
viaion is a peninsula, bounded on three sides by
Lakes MichigEm, Huron, St. Clair and Erie, and
on the S, side hy the states of Ohio and Indiana,
The western division is also a peninsula, inclosed
between Lalce Superior, Lake Michigan, and the
western boundary of the territory. The part of
Michigan to which the Indian title has been
extinguished, is a tract in the S. E, along the
banks of Lake Erie, Lake St. Clair and Lake
Huron, extending as fEir nortfa aa Thunder bay
river, and back to the weatward about 80 miles;
besides some small tracts at the head of Green
bay, at the sfraits of St, Mary, and around Mich-
illiraackinac. In 1820, there were five counties,
viz. Wayne, Munroe, Macomb, and Oakland, in
the S. E. and MichiUimackinac, in the N,
The country along the eastern shore of Lake
Michigan, and extending into the interior as far as
the dividing ridge, consists of sand faills, sometiraes
crowned with a few stinted trees, and a scanty
vegetation, but generally bsire, and thrown by the
wind into a thousand fantastic shapes. The whole
of this tract haa been gained from the lalce, and the
land is stfll continually encroaching upon the
water; every storm throwing up new quantities of
alluvion, 'The eastern part of the territory, con
aiating of landa ceded by the Indians, has never till
i-ecentiy been brought into notice. It is now as
certained to be a fertile region, well fitted for
Ttheat and fi-uit of all kinds, generally level, and
watered by fine rivers, moat of which present fa-
oiUlics for the transportation of produce from tfae
interior. Since the lauds were offered for sale by
the U, S, government in 1818, emigrants have
flocked hither in great numbera, and perhaps. in

M I C
no country north of tfae cotton and sugar climate,
could the farmer find a better field for enterpriacj,
or a surer proapect of reward, Tfae lands on Sa-
ganaum river and bay, whicfa were ceded by the
Indians in 1319, are represented lobe of an excel
lent quaUty and beautifully situated. The white
settlements at present are chiefly in the S, E, on
Lake Erie, the river Detroit, Lake St Clair, and
the rivers wfaich fall into them, particularly the
Maumee, Raisin, and Huron,
The climate is healthy, aud mucfa milder than
in the AUantic atatea in the same latitude. In Uie
eastem part it resembles that of the weatem coun
ties of New- York sind Pennsylvania ; towards the
aouthern boundary, it ia much milder, but upon
the coast of Lake Huron, and even that of St
Clair, it is more severe. No state in the Union ia
so bountifully suppUed with fish, aquatic fowls,
and wild game. 'Tlie trout of MichiUimackinac
have a superior reUsh ; they weigh from 10 to 70'
pounds, and are taken at all seasons. While fiah
are caught in prodigioua numbers in the river De
troit, and Lake St, Clair, Sturgeon are common
to Lakea Erie, St Clair, Huron and MichigaB,
The beaver frequents the rivera running into
Lake Michigan ; beara, wolves, elk, deer and foxes
are also found in tfae forests.
The territory is finely situated for commerce,
being Eilmost surrounded by navigable waters,
which will undoubtedly soon be connectedby ca
nals with the Hudson cm the one hand, and the
Mississippi on the other. The vessels.which nav
igate the lakes are generally from 10 to 60 tons
burden. The araount of shipping in 1819 was
about 600 tons. The raerchants supply them
selves with EuropeEui goods mostiy fr<Ha the city of
New- York, The goods are IrEmsported by land to
Buffalo, and thence by water to Detroit ; but the
revenue is defrauded to a considerable amount by
smuggling carried on from the neighbouring prov
ince of Upper Canada. Detroit Emd Michilli
mackinac are ports of entry. Pop, in 1810, 4,783 ;
in 1819, estimated at 12,000, and very rapidly in
creasing. MichiUimackinac, comnoonly caUed Mackinaw,
isl. Michigan Territory, in tfae straits which con
nect Lake Michigan with Lake Huron, 184 m.
N, E. Fort Howard, 313 N, Detroit Lon, 84° 10'
W, Lat, 45° 54' N, It is about 9 miles in cfrcum
ference. The viUage of Mackinaw is on the S, E.
side of the island, on a sraall cove, which is sur
rounded with a sleep cliff, 150 feel high ; it is built
on two streets parallel with the lEike, intersected
by others at right angles, and contains a court
house and jail, Euid about 100 houses. On the tc^
of the cUff stands the fort Behind the fort, at the
diatance of half a mile, is another summit, 150
feel higher, and 300 feet above Uie level of the
lake, on which fort Holmes is erected,; from this
spot there is an extensive prospect into Lake Hu
ron and Lake Michigan. The figure of the island
suggested to the Indians the appropriate name of
Michi-Mackinaw, or Great Turtie. It exhibits a
beautiful appearance, seen from Uie lake. Here
are several farms, but the greater pEU-l of the isl
and is unciUtivaled, During the summer, Mac
kinaw is the resort of many fur fraders. Here
outfits are made, Uie clerks and engagdes sent into
the Indian country, and furs are brought in by
them. During this period also, many thousand
Indians, from the regions N, W. and S, W. visit the
island, on their way lo Drumraond's island.
MichiUimackinac, Straits of, the channel which

M I D
connects Lake Michigan with Lake Huron, It is
about 40 miles long from the Channeaux on the
E. to Point Wagousinche on the W. and at the
narrowest part 4 milea wide.
Michipipimton, r. Up, Canada, which falla into
Lake Superior, on the N, E. side of tiie lake. Lat.
47° Sff N-
Michiscoui. See Missisque.
Michmash, in Sac, Geog, t Palestine, in the
tribe of Benjamin, E, of Bethhaven,
Mickery, small isl, Scotland, in the frith of Forth,
8 m, N, W. Leith. Lon. 3° 17' W, Lat 56° 2' N,
Micoya Bay, bay on Uie S. W. coast of Mexico,
Lat. 10" Iff N,
Middelfalirt, t Denmark, in the island of Funen,
on the LitUe Belt, 24 m, W, by N. Odensee, Lon.
9° Sff E, Lat 55° 32' N, Pop, 1,000,
Middelhamis, v. Netherlands, in South Holland,
18 m, S, W, Rotterdam, Pop, 2,20a
Middle Bank, a fishing ground in tiie Atlantic
ocean, wliich lies from N, E, to S. W, between St,
Peter's Bank and that of Sable island ; between
long, 57° 37' and 69° 32' W, and between lat, 44°
32' and 45° 34' N.
Middle, Cape, the W, point of Staten Land, in
the straits of Le Maire.
Middle Hero, t Grand Isle co, Vt, on an island
in Lake Champlain.
Middle Island, isl. off the S. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 123° Iff E. Lat 34° 7' S.
Middk Island, sraall isl. in the Eastern seas, in
the sfrait between the islands Billiton and BancEU
II divides this strait into two ; the W, passage is
coramonly CEdled Caspar's strait, and tfae E, pas
sage, Clement's sfrait,
Middk Island, or Thwart the Way, small isl, in
the straits of Sunda, opposite lo Hog's point, in
Sumatra, Lon. 105° 43' E. Lat. 5° 55' a
Middk Island, small isl. near the S. coast of
Celebes. Lon. 120° 62' E. Lat5°4ffS,
Middle Island, sraall isl, in the Eastern aeas,
Lon. 122° 61' E, Lat. 5° Sff S.
Middle Mark, one of the five marka or provinces
into which Brandenburg was divided until the
new arrangement in 1815, It Ues between the
Elbe and the Oder, and containa Berlin, the cap
italof the Prussian states. Extent, 4,800 sq. milea.
Pop, about 600,000. Il now forras part of the
province of Brandenburg, and governments of
Potsdara aud Berlin.
Middle Point, cape on the E. coastof Labrador.
Lon. 63° W. Lat 59° N.
Middkboraugh, p-t Plymouth co. Msisa. 16 m.
W, Plymouth, 40 S. by E, Boston. Pop. 4,400,
Here are ponds which produce great quantities of
iron ore, and extenaive iron works are erected.
Middleboro' 4 comers, p-v. Plymouth co. Mass,
Middleborough, p-t Wayne co, Pa,
Middkbrook, p-v. Augusta co, Va,
Middkbrook miUs, p-v. Montgomery co, Md.
Middleburg, t. Netherlands, cap. of Zealand, in
the sraall island of Walcheren. Though no longer
fortified, it preserves its circular raound of earth,
divided into bastions, and surrounded by a broad
and deep ditch. It formerly had a conaiderable
shEu-e of the Dutch Eaat India trade, Ita other
branches are the import of wine, chiefly from
Bourdeaux, and the export of corn, brought to its
market from the fertile tracts to the eastward of
the island, 46 m. S, W. Rotterdam, 86 S. W, Am
sterdam, Lon, 3° 37' E, Lat, 51° Sff N. Pop.
15,000. Middleburg. See Eo^Ot

M I D

459

Middkburgh, isl, off the N. W, extremity of
Ceylon, and attached to Jafnapatam,
Middkburg, p-t Schoharie co, N, Y, 10 m, S-.
Schoharie, 35 W, Albany, Pop. 3,236,
Middkburg, p-v. Union co. Pa,
Middleburg, p-v. Frederigjk co, Md,
Middleburg, p-v. Loudon co. Va,
Middleburg, p-v. Nelson co. Ken.
Middlebury, p-t, and cap, Addison co, Vt. 33 ni-
N. N.W. Rutiand, 35 S. S.E. Burlington. Ria
pleasantly situated on Otter creek, at tfae falls, 20
miles from the mouth of tfae river, and IS above
Vergennes. At the falls there are 2 cotton manu
factories, a nail manufactory, several grist raills
and saw raiUa, and a manufactory for aawing mar
ble. An extenaive quarry of fine marble was dis
covered in 1804, on the bank of the creek, near
the centre ofthe village. It is now wrought into
tombstones, mantle-pieces, sideboards, &c. and
transported to various parta of the country to the
amount of 7 or 8,000 dollars annuaUj'. Thfe town
contains a court-houae, jail, academy, 2 printing
oflicea, 2 houses of public worship, 1 for Congre
gationaUsta and 1 for Methodists, and the college
buildings, one of which is an elegant edifice of
stone, 4 storiea high, and containing 48 rooras for
students. Pop. 2,138.
Middlebury college was incorporated in 1800,
and haa been supported entirely by private bounty.
Il has a president, 6 professors, and 2 tutors, a
library of more than 1,200 volumes, a valuable
philosophical apparatus, and more than 100 stu
dents. Middlebury, p-t Newhaven co, Ct 22 m. N, W.
Newhaven, 36 S, W, Hartford, Pop, 847.
Middlebury, p-t. Geneaee co. N. Y.
Middkfield, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass, 24 m. W.
Northampton. Pop. 822.
Middkfield, t Otsego co. N, Y. 3 m. E, Coopers
town, 35 S. E. Utica, 63 W. Albany, Pop, 2,003.
Middle Granvilk, p-v, Hampsfaire co. Mass,
Middle Haddam, p-v. Middlesex co. Ct
Middkham, t, Eog. in Yorlcshire, 36 m. N. W.
York, 232 N. by W, London.
Middlesex, coUnty of Eng. which comprises the
cities of London and Westminster, and though one
of the smEdlest in extent, is by far the greatest in
the kingdora, in point of wealth, population and
iraportance. It is bounded S. by Surry and Kent,
N. by Hertfordshire, W. by Buckinghamshire, and
E. by Esaex. It contains about 300 sq, miles, or
192,000 acres. Pop. in 1811, 985,100; families
220,010, of whom 9,088 were engaged in agricul
ture, 135,398 in trade and manufactures, and
75,524 othertwiae.
Middlesex, co. in London district, Up, Canada,
on lake Erie,
Middlesex, p-t. Waahington co. Vt. on Onion
river, 5 m. N, W, MontpeUer, Pop. 401.
Middlesex, co. Mass, bounded N, by New Hamp
shire, E, by Essex CO. and the Atlantic, S, by Nor
folk CO, and W, by Worcester co. Pop. 52,789.
Chief town, Cambridge.
Middlesex canal. Mass, is wholly within the
county of Middlesex. It connects Boston harbor
with the Merrimack river. It is supplied with
water by Concord river, Which it crosses on its
surface. From that river aouUiward it descends
107 feet, by 13 locks, to the tide water of Boston
harbor; and from that river northward, it de
scends 21 feet, by 3 locks, to the level of Merri-
saaok river. The leeks are all 90 feet by 12. The

460

M r t)

canal IS 31 miles long, 24 feet wide, and 4 leet
deep. It was commenced in 1793, and completed
in 1804, at an expense of more Uian $700,000, and
is the greatest work of the kind, yet finiahed in
the United States,,. By this canal and Merrimack
river, an eaay communication is opened between
Boaton and the interior of New Harapahire.
Middlesex, cb. Ct on bbth sidea of Connecticut
river, bounded N..!by Hartford co, E, by New
London co, S, by Long Island Sound, and W. by
New Haven co. Pop. '70i723, Chief town, Mid
dletown, Middksexi P-t' Ontario co. N. Y. on Canandai-
ifUa lake, 12 ra. S. Canandaigua, 17 S. W. Geneva,
209 fr. Albany. Pop.li078:
Middlesex, co. N. J. bounded N. by Essex co. E.
by Raritan bay and Staten island, S. by Mon
mouth CO. W, by Burlington and Somerset coun
ties. Pop, 20iS81, Chieftown, New Brunswick,
Middlesex; t, Butier co. Pa. Pop. 668,
Middlesex, co, Va, bn Chesapeake bay, bound
ed N. by the Rappahannock. Pop, 4,414, Slavea,
2,476, Chief town, Urbanna,
Middk States, the partof the U, S, between the
Hudson and Potomac rivers: viz. New York,
New Jersey, Pennsylvania^ Delaware, and Ma
ryland, '\
Middleton, t Eng, iu Lancstehire, The cotton
manufacture is carried on here in. all itaproceaaes;
and the printing and bleaching -works are on a
large acale. Pop, 4,422, 7 m. N. Manchester,
193 N, W, London, Lon, 2° 12' W, Lat, 53°
34' N,
Middleton, t Eng, in Derbyshire, 1 m, fr, Wirka-
Worth, Pop. 882,
Middleton, t. Eng, iu Yorkahire, 5 ra, N, N, W.
Wakefield. Pop. 906.
Middleton in Teesdale, t Eng. in Durham, 9 m.
N, W, Barnard Castle, Pop. 988,
Middleton, t. freland, on the N, W, angle Of
Cork harbor, 12 m, W, Youghai, 13 E, Cork,
Middleton, t .Norfolk co. Up, Canada.
Middleton, t. Rutland co. Vt 34 m. W. Wind
sor. Pop. 1,207.
Middleton, p-t Strafford cO. N, H. 28 m. N. E.
Concord. Pop. 439.
Middleton, t. Easex co. Mass, 9 m, N, W, Salem,
Pop. 541,
Middleton, t, Dela-Ware cO, N, Y, 40 m, W, Cats
kiU, Pop, 231,
Middleton, t. Cumberland co. Pa. Pop. 2,351.
Middleton, t. Columbiana co, Ohio, Pop. 579,
Middkton, Sir Charles, /j/an(/,-one of the Fejee
islands, in the Pacific. Lon. 181° W. Lat. 17° 2' S.
Middktoun, v. Scotland, 12 rn, S. Edinburgh.
Middletoion, p-t RuUand co. Vt, 52 ra. N. Ben
nington, Pop, 1,207,
Middletown, t Newport co. R, I. on the island
of Rhode Island, 2 m, N, E. Newport, 28 S, E,
Providence, Pop. 976,
Middletown, city, port of entry, and cap, of
Middleaex co, Ct is pleasanUy situated on the W.
hank of Connecticut river, 31 ra. from its mouth,
15 S. Hartford, 25 N, E, New Haven, 35 N. W.
New London, Pop. 2,014; and including the
township, 5,382, It containa a courlhouae ; jail ;
almshouse ; 2 banks, one of which is a branch of
the U. S. bank; 2 insurance companies; 2 print
ing-offices ; and 10 houses of pubUo worship, 4
for Congregationalists, 3 for Baptiats, 1 for Epis
copalians, 1 for Methodista, and 1 for strict Con-
gregationaUsts; iThere are several iraportant
Manufactories in thia to'wn, most ofthem recently

M 1 I)
estabUshed. Among them are a sword faotoi-y^
where about 5,000 swords are annually manufac
tured ; a pistol factory, which employa' 60 or 70
men, who malce 8 or 10,000 pistols annuaUy; a
rifle factory, wfaich employs from 25 to 30 hands,
and producea 1,000 or 1,200 rifles in a year; an
ivory comb factory, a pewter factory, and a fac
tory of block-tin buttons. These have aU been
established since 1813, and most of the swords,
pistols, and rifles have been sold to the govern
ment of the U, S, The otfaer eatabliahmenta are
2 wooUen factories, 2 cotton factories, a paper
miU, powder raiU, and distillery, A lead mine
was opened about the year 1770, on the Connecti
cut, 2 railea S. E. of the city, and a conaiderable
quantity of raetal was taken frora it, but it was
at last found unprofitable, and was abandoned.
Middletown Upperhouses, p-v. Middlesex co, Ct,
Middletownj p-t, Delaware co, N, Y, 15 m. S, E,
Delhi, 45 fr. Kingaton, 73 S, W, Albany, Pop,
2,318. It has 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians,
and 1 for Methodists.
Middktown, p-v. Orange co. N, Y,
Middletown, v. in Brookhaven, N. Y.
Middletown, p-t Monmouth co, N, J. on Rari
tan bay, al the raouth of a smaU creek, which di
videa the town from Shrewsbury, SO m. E, Tren
ton, 30 S, W. New York. Pop. 3,849, Itcontaios
au academy, and 2 churches. In thia to'wn are
Sandy Hook, the highlands of Navesink, and the
village of Middletown point
Middlettiwni p-t Dauphin co. Pa. on Swetari
creek, which falls into the Susquehannah, 2 m,
below; 6 m. S. Hummelston. It contains a chnrch,
and above 100 houaes, aud has considerable trade
in wheat.
Middletown, v. Washington co. Pa. SO m, W,
WEishington, 5 E, of the Virginia Une, It con
tains 40 or SO houses, CoeU is found in its neigh
borhood, Middktoum, I, Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,663.
Middletown, t. Delaware co. Peu Pop. 948.
Middletown, p-t. New Castie co. Del, on Apo-
quiniraink creek, 21 m. S, W, Wilmington.
Middletown, p-t Frederick co, Md, 8 m, N, W.
Fredericktown. Middletown, t Dorchester co. Md. 8i m, N, W.
Carabridge, 7 W, Vienna.
Middletown, p-t. Frederick co. Va,
Middktoum, p-t. Sullivan co. Ten,
Middletown, p-t, Jefferson co. Ken, 12 m, E,
Louisville, Pop, 241,
Middletown, p-t, BuUer co, Ohio, on the Miami,
6 ra. fr. Franklin, 14 above Harailton, •
Middktown, t. Hamilton co. Ohio,
Middletown. See Somerset.
Middletown point, p-v. in Middletown, N. J, on
a small creek which runs into Rsu'itEra bay, 14 m.
N. W. Shrewsbury. It CEirries on some trade with
New York,
Middk way, p-v. Jefferson co, Veu
Middkmch, t. Eng, in Chester co. situated at
the confluence of the Dane and Crake, 18 m.E.
Cheater, 167 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 27' W. Lat
53° IffN. Pop. 1,132.
Midgeky, I. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m, W, by N,
Halifax, Pop, 2,107,
Midhurst, t. Eng, in Sussex, It is a borough,
and sends 2 members to parliament 11 m,N.
Chester, 60 S. W, London, Lon, 0° 45' W, Lat
49°6ffN, Pop, 1,256,
Midia, i. Eu, Turkey, in Roraania, on the Black
sea, 42 ra, N, W, Constantinople,

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M I L

461

Midland, diatrict. Up, Canada, extends from
lake Ontario, between the head of the bay of
Quinte and the raouth of Ganonoque river, back
to tfae river Otta-wa,
Midnapore, district, Bengal, formerly a portion
of the province of Oriaaa, It contains upwarda of
6,000 aq, miles, and a million and a half of inhabi
tants, Itwas ceded to the E,India corapany in 1761,
Midnapore, the capital, is the station of the judge,
collector, &c. Multitudes of pilgrima pass through
it, on thefr way to the temple of Juggernaut, The
Baptists have a miaeionary here, 70 m, W, by S.
Calcutta, Lon, 87° 25' E, Lat 22° 2ff N.
Midnai. See Mednoi.
Midway, settlement. Liberty co, Geo. SO m, S,
Savannah, 9 W, Sunbury, Its first settlers were
from Dorchester, Meiss, Here ia a handsome con
gregational church,
Midwolde, v. Netherlands, 7 m, W, by S, Gro
ningen, Pop, 1,200,
Miechow, t. Poland, 22 m. N, N, E, Cracow,
Lon. 39° 2ff E, Lat, 52° Sff N, Pop, 1,000,
Miedniki, t Eu. Rusaia, in Wilna, 49 m, E. by
S, Memel, Pop. 1,000.
Miedzyrzycs, t Eu, Ruaais^ in Volhynia, 2 m, S,
Ostrog, Pop. 2,000,
Mielan, t. France, in Gers, 8 m, S, S, W, Mi
rande. Pop, 1,300,
Mierloa, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant, 4m,
S, Helmont Pop, 1,600,
Mies, or SUberstadt, t, Bohemia, 64 m. W, S.W.
Prague. Pop. 2,400.
Mifflin, CO. Pa. inclosed by the counties of Cen
tre, Union, Dauphin, Cumberland, and Hunting
don. Pop. 12,132, Chief town, Lewistown,
Mifflin, t AUeghany co. Pa. Pop. 1,953,
Miffiin, t Cumberland co. Pei. Pop. 1,289.
Mifflin, t Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 637.
Mifflin, t Richland co. Ohio.
M-^in, t. Franklin co, Ohio, 5 m. E. Colum
bus. Pop. in 1819, 210.
Mifflin, t Pike co. Ohio, 10 m. W, Pflceton,
Mifflitiburg, p-v. Union co. Pa. on the Sufeque-
hanrrah, 35 m, E. S. E. Northumberland.
Mifflintown, p-t Mifftin co. Pa. on the Juniatta,
40 m. N. W. Harrisbuig.
Migdal, in Sac. Geog. a place in Egypt, near
the N . W. point of the Red sea.
Migne, t Frai ce, in Vienne, 3 m. N. Poitiers.
Pop. 1,500.
Migran, t. France, in Lower Charente, 10 m.
N. E. Saintes. Pop. 1,400.
Mihid, t. France, on the Maese, 33 m. N. W.
Nancy. Pop. 5,600.
Mijarisima, one of the small Japanese ialanda.
Lon. 139° 45' E, Lat. 34° IffN.
Mijaska. See Miasse.
MikoUdi, or Maarlich, t Anatolia, in A. Tur
key, on a river, the ancient Chynd'us, which falls
into the aea of Marmora, 35 m, W, Buraa,
Miken, fort, A. Ruaaia, in Caucasus, 40 m, E,
Ekaterinograd, Milan, formerly a duchy in the north of Italy,
between the Alps on the north, and the Appen
ninea on the S. having Piedmont on the W, and
the Venetian territory on the E, A portion of it
belonga to the kingdom of Sardinia ; the reraain
der now forraa, along with the ducfay of Mantua,
and the Valteline, the government of Milan, the
most western of the two great divisions of Aus
trian Italy, The government contains 8,030 sq,
mfles, and 2,082,000 inhabitants. It is divided
into eight delegations, viz, those of Milan, Pavia,

Lodi, Como, Sondrio, Bergamo, Brescia, and Man
tua, Of these, the delegation of Milan contains
670 sq, mfles, and 427,000 inhabitants. The Sar
dinian Milanese contains about 3,300 sq, milea,
and 656,000 inhabitants,
Milan, or Milano, a large and fine city, the cap
ital of the Lombardo-Venetian kingdora or Aus
trian Italy, It is on the river Olona, in a beauti
ful plain, between the Ticiuoandthe Adda, The
atreeta are, in generEd, narrow and -winding, and
the private houses have no great pretenaiona to
elegance, but the public edificea display all the
richneaa and magnificence of Italian architect
ure. The cathedral, ia the grandest and moat
impoaing specimen of Gotfaic architecture ex
tant, and, after St, Peter's of Rorae, and St,
Paul's of London, the fineat church in Europe,
It waa begun in the 16lh century, but on ao large
a acale, that it still reraains unfinished. It ia built
of while marble, and ia remarkable for the ex-
freme lightness of its conatruction. It ia 490 feet
long, 298 broad, and 260 high. The hoapitala and
charitable inatitutions of Milan are nuraerous.
The great hospital ia an iraraense edifice, capable
of containing 1,200 patients. The great foundUng
hospital receives about 4,000 children. Of the
Uterary and scientific institutions the first is the
Ambrosian coUege, Its valuable library contains
60,000 volumea, and about 16,0(X) manuacripts,
together with a fine gallery of paintings, statues,
antiques, medals, and curioaities. The university
of Milan was constituted by the empress Maria
Theresa in 1766, The trade of Milan is not ex
tensive. The exports conaiat of rich silk stuffs,
ribbons, printed cottona, leather, and paper. The
porcelain made at MUan may vie with jdmost any
in Europe, The city was lEdceu on the 15th May
1796, hythe French, under Bonaparte, In 1799,
the French were driven frora it by the Austrians
and Ruasiana under Suwarrow, After the unfor
tunate battle of Marengo, (June 1800,) Milan
agEun fell into the hands of the French. It is now
the residence of an Austrian viceroy, and tfae see
of an archbishop. 75 m, E. N, E, Turin, 145 N.
W. Florence, 280 N. W, by N, Rorae, Lon, 9°
1 1' E, Lat 45° 28' N, Pop, in 1805, eatunated at
120,000; in 1808, at 129,000; and in 1820, at
135,000, Milan, p-v. Ducheas co, N, Y,
Milasa. See Melasso.
Milosza, Cope, on the N, coast of Sicily, Lon,
16°2S'E, Lat38°2ff N,
Milbome Port, borough t Eng, in Soraeraet co,
Sra. N. E. Sherbome, 113 W, by S.London. Lon.
2° 27' W. Lalt, 60" 6ff N, Pop. 1,000.
Mildenhall, St. Andrew's, t Eng, in SuffoUc, 42
ra. N, W. Ipawich, 70 N, N. E, London. Pop.
2,493, Miles, t. Greene co. Pa, Pop, 1,069.
Milesburg, p-t Centre co. Pa. on Bald Eagle
creek, 33 m. N, W. Lewistown.
Mileto, t. Naplea, in Calabria Ultra, 8 m. N, E,
Nicotera. Milford, t Hillaborough co, N, H, 27 m, S, Con
cord, Pop, 1,118, It contains 2 churches, and
raanufactories of cotton, and screws.
Milford, p-t, Worceater co. Mass, 18 m, S, E,
Worcester, Pop. 973,
Milford, p-t. New Haven co, Ct, on Long Island
sound, 9 m. S. W. New Haven, Pop. 2,674, The
village contains about 100 houses, and 3 churches.
The harbor has sufficient depth of water for ves-

462

M I L

sels of 200 tons. The amount of shipping owned
here ia about 1,500 tons. In this town is a very
valuable quarry of marble, ,
Milford, p-t, Otsego co, N. Y, 10 m, S, Coop
erstown, 76 W, Albany, Pop. 2,025.
Milford, p-t Hunterdon co. N. J.
Milford, p-t, Wayne co. Pa, on the DelawEU-e,
120 ra. above Philadelphia, The river here forma
a good harbor for boata,
Milford, t Bucks co. Pa, Pop, 1,334,
Milford, t and cap. Pike co, Peu Pop, 83,
Milford, t Miffiin co. Pa, on the Juniatta, oppo
site Mifflinto'wn, Pop, 2,095,
Milford, t Somerset co. Pa, Pop, 1,180,
Milford, Upper, t. Lehigh co. Pa, Pop, 2,033,
Milford, p-t, Kent co. Delaware, on the N, side
of MispiUion creek, wfaicfa falls into Delaware
bay, 12 miles below, 19 ni, S, byE, Dover, 95 S,
Philadelphia. Milford, p-v. Greenville co. S. C.
Milford, t. Ashtabula co, Ohio,
Milford, t. Butler co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W. Ham
ilton. Milford, p-t. Clermont co, Ohio, on the Little
Miarai, 12 ra, above its mouth, 15 N,W. WUUaras-
burg. Milford, t. Hamilton co, Ohio.
Milford Haven, a deep inlet of the sea, at the
S. W, extremity of Wales, in Pembroke co. From
its entrance, it spreads out into an iramense ex
panse of water, extending inland raore than 20
miles, and branching off into nuraerous creeks,
¦It is universally -allowed to be the best harbor in
Great Britain, being so capacious, and at the same
time so weU sheltered, that it might hold, in per
fect security, the whole navy of Great Britain,
Milford Haven, t Wales, in Pembroke co. on
the N. shore of the above mentioned bay. The
frade is inconsiderable. An establishment of
packets has been formed here, for conveying tbe
mail and passengers to Waterford, in Ireland,
Araong the infaabitants are a colony of Quakers
from Nantucket, in America, who have erected a
quay, and formed an establiahment for the aouth
ern whale fishery, 6 m, W. by N, Perabroke, 7
S, W, West Haverford, 258 W, London, by Bre
con, Lon. 5° 1' W. Lat 51° 43' N,
Milford Haven, bay, on the coast of Virginia.
Lon, 76° 2ff W, Lat. 37° 26' N.
Milfordvilk, p-v. Otsego co. N. Y.
Milhars, t. France, in Tarn, at the confluence
of the Ceron and Aveyron, 13 ra. N, Gaillac, Pop.
1,600, Milhau, t. France, in Aveyron, on the Tarn, 27
m, S.W, Rhodez, Pop. 6,100.
Milhaud, t. France, iu Gard, 9 m. S.W. Nismes.
Pop, 1,300.
Miliona, r. Africa, which falls into the Mediter
ranean, 10 m, S. E, Tunis,
Miliquean Creek, or Holland's River, r. Canada,
which runs into Siracoe lake.
Militsch, t Sileaia, 30m. N, N.E. Breslau. Pop,
1,300, Mill, V. Netherlands, 21 m, E, Boisle Due, Pop,
1,100. Mill Islands, 4 sraall islands in Hudaon'a bay,
Lon. 78° Sff to 79° 4ff W. Lat, 64° Sff N,
Millac, t. France, on the Vienne, 3 ra, S, L'lUe
en Jourdain, Pop. 1,300,
Millas, I. France, in Eaatern Pyrenees, 10 m. W,
Perpignan, Pop, 1,300,
Millborough, p-v. Bath co. Va,
Millboraugh, p-v, Sussex co. Va,

M I L
Millbury, p-t, Worcester co, Mass. 6 m. S. Wor
ceater, 40 W, S. W, Boston. Pop. iu 1820, 935,
It is watered by Blackstone river, which contains
nuraerous raill aeats. Here are a paper mill, 2
oil raills, a raanufactory of black lead, a wooUea
manufactory, an extensive tannery, a gun manu
factory which employe 40 or 50 workmen, an ex
tensive forge, a manufactory of mill saws, a rolling
and slitting mill, a nail manufactory, and several
scythe manufactoriea, Mfllbury was formerly a
part of Sutton,
MiU creek, hundred, Newcastle co. Del, Pop,
2,313, Mill creek, p-v. Berkley co, Va,
MiU creek, or Newburg, p-v. Cuyahoga co.
Ohio, Milledgevilk, p-t. Baldwin co. Geo, and capital
of the State, is on the Oconee, 300 rafles by water
from Darien, althe mouth of the AlatamEiha, 192
by land, 158 W. N. W. Savannah, 87 W, S, W.
Auguata. Lat32°6ffN. Lon, 83° 12' W, Pop,
about 2,000, It containa a state-house, an arse
nal, academy, court-houae, jail, atate peniten
tiary, 2 printing-officea, and 2 houses of public
worship,I for Baptiats,and Ifor Methodiats, Itissit-
uated in what ia caUed the middle country. The
river ia navigable to thiaplace forboata of 30 tons,
and large quantities of cotton and other produce
are brought here to be exported to Darien and
Savannah, Milk Isles, seigniory, in York Emd Eflingham
counties, Lower Canada, on the N, side of St
Jean river, 18 m, N, W, Monfreal,
Milkrsburg, p-v, Bourbon co. Ken.
Miller's ferry, p-v. Randolph co. lUinois,
Millers river, r. Mass. which runs into Connect
icut river, at Nortbfield.
Milkrstown, p-t. Curaberland co. Pa, on the Ju
niatta, 134 ra. W. PhUadelphisu
Millerstovm, t. Lehigh co. Pa, on a branch of
Lehigh river, 26 ra. S, W, Easton, 47 X. W. Phil
adelphia. Millery, t France, on the Rhone, 7 m, S, Ly
ons, Pop. 1,700.
Millesimo, t. Sardinian states, 30 m. W. Genoa.
Pop, 1,200,
Milk vaches, seigniory, Northumberland co.
Lower Canada, on the St. Lawrence, 30 m. below
the raouth of the Saguenay,
Mill farm, p-v. Caroline co, Va.
MUlford, V. Eng. in Derbyshire. Here are two
large cotton mills, and an extensive bleachfield,
MiU Grove, p-v. CabEU-ras co, N, C,
Mill hall, p-v. Centre ctj. Pa.
Mill haven, p-v. Scriven co. Geo.
Millieres, v. France, iu La Manche, 10 m. N.
Coutances, Pop. 1,300,
Millingen, t. Prussian states, 11 m, E. Cleves.
Pop. 1,200.
MiUam, or MU-hulme, v. Eng. in Cumberland,
12 m. S. Ravenglass. Pop. 882.
MiU river, r,Ohio, which runs into the W. side
of the Scioto, 25 m, above Columbus,
Millsbarougli, p-v. Sussex co, Del,
Millsfield, t. Cooa co. N. H, 7 m, W, Umbagog
lake. Millstone, t Somerset co. N, J, on Mfllstone
creek, a S, branch of the Raritan, 14 m, N, Prince
ton, Millthorpe, t. Eng, in Westmoreland, 8J m. S.
by W. Kendal, 251* N. W, London, Pop, 1,138.
MillviUe, p-v. Curaberland co, N. J, 12 m> E
Bridgetown.

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463

Millville, p-v. King George co, Va,
MUlwood, p-v, Frederick co, Va,
MiUy, t, France, in Seine-and-Oise, 9 m, W,
Fontainbleau, Pop, 1,900,
Milly, t France, in La Manche, 3 m, N, E, St
Hilaire, Pop, 1,200,
MUly, t. France, in Oiae, 6 m, N, W, Beauvais,
Pop, 1,200,
Milnathort, V. ScoUand, in Kinrosa-shire, 14 m,
S, PerUi,
Milnport, v. ScoUand, on the S, W, side of the
isle of CEunbray, with a good harbour,
Milo, (an. Melos,) isl. of the Mediterranean, in
the Grecian Eu-cfaipelEigo, 100 m, S, by E, Athena,
Lon, 24° Iff 32" E, Lat 36° 42' SO" N, Pop. about
1,500, ll hEis one ofthe best harbors in the Med
iterranean, Shipa generaUy stop at this island for
pilots through the archipelago,
MiUenberg, t Bavarian states, on tfae MEiine, 28
ra, W. Wurzburg, 18 S, Aschaffenburg, Pop,
2,700, Milton, t Eng, in Kent, 40 m, E, London, Lon,
0° 4ff E, Lat 51° 21' N, Pop, 1,746.
Milton, t Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E, of
Montreal. Milton, t. Strafford co. N, H. on the Piscataqua,
27 m. N, Portsmouth, Pop. 1,005,
Milton, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Lake Cham
plain, at the mouth of Lamoil river, 1 1 m. N. Bur
lington. Pop. 1,546.
Milton, p-t. Norfolk co. Masa. on Neponaet riv
er, wfaich ia navigable to this place for vessels of
150 tons, 7 ra, E. Dedhara, 7 S, Boston. Pop,
1,264. It contains an academy, aeveral paper
mflls, and a chocolate raill. Milton hill, in tfais
town, coraraands a raoat delightful prospect.
Milton, t Saratoga co. N, Y, 4 ra. N. Saratoga
court-house, 30 N, Albany. Pop. 276. 11 con
tains the celebrated village of BaUston Spa. In
Milton there are 6 cfaurches, and a great nuraber
of miUs. Milton, or King's ferry, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y.
Milton, p-l. Northumberland co. Pa. on the W.
branch ofthe Susquehannah, 16 m. N. Sunbury.
Milton, or Broadkill, p-t. Sussex co. Del.
Milton, p-v. Alberaarle co. Va. on the Rivanna,
80 m. N. W. Richmond.
Milton, p-v. Rockingham co. N. C.
Milton, t. Jackson co, Ohio.
Milton, t. Miami co, Ohio, 8 m.S. W. Troy,
- Milton, p-t, Trumbull co, Ohio.
Milton, t. Wayne co, Ohio, lira. N. E, Woos
ter. Pop. in 1819, 120.
Milton' s bluff. See Marathon, Alabaraa,
Milverton, t. Eng, in Soraerset co. 7 ra. W.
Taunton. Lon. 3° Iff W. Lat 61° 2' N. Pop.
1,637. Milvilk, p-l, Butler co. Ohio, 7 m. W. HEunil-
ton, Milwaukie, r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into the W. side of Lake Michigan, 90 m, N, W,
Chicago, after a course of 70 or 80 miles.
Mina, t. Arabia, about 20 m, S, Mecca,
Mina, r. Algiera, which falls into the Shelliff,
12 m. E, Mustygannim,
Minab, a fortified aeaport of Kerman, in Persia,
on tiie Peraian gulf, Lon, 66° 4ff E, Lat 27°
ffN, Minarzo, Cape, cape, Spain, on the W, coast of
GaUcia, Lon, 9° IffW, Lat 42° 61' N,
Minas, I, Buenos Ayres, 34 ra. N. E. Maldona-
do. Lon, 65° ff 34" W, Lat, 34° 21' 30" S,

Minas Bay, or Basin, gulf on the S, E, aide of
the bay of Fundy, 12 leagues long, and 3 broad,
Minas Geraes, a province or capitania of Bra
zil, from 600 to 700 milea long frora N, to S, and
about the aame diatance from E, to W, It ia bound
ed N. by Bahia, W. by Goyaz ; S, by Rio de Ja
neiro, This VEiat territory producea in abundance
both gold and diamonda. The regular military
eatabliahment of tfae capitania conaiats of 1,400
cavsdry. They are appointed lo guard the dia
mond diatrict; and are eraployed excluaivel^dn.
the mining country, wfaich they never quit,^^
cept when they escort diamonds and treasure to
the capital. Pop, estiraated at 360,000, ofwhom
200,000 are negroes,
Minch, arra of the sea, Scotiand, which sepa
rates the isle of Sky from Long island,
Minching Hampton, t. Eng. in Gloucester co. IQ
ra, W, Cirencester, 98 W. London, Lon, 2° 11'
W, Lat. 51° 42' N. Pop. 3,246,
Minchivavida, small isl, near the coaat of Chili,
Lat. 44° 4ff S.
Mincio, r. Italy, whicfa passes by Mantua, and
fsdls into tfae Po, 8 miles below. It is the outlet
of the lake of Garda.
Mindanao. See Magindano.
Minddheim, t. Bavaria, 27 ra, S, S, W, Augs
burg. Pop, 1,400.
Minden, a government of the Prusaian atates,
made up of the former principalities of Minden,
Paderborn, Rittberg, and Corvey, tfae bailiwick of
Reckeberg, and the lordship of Rheda. Area;
2,000 sq. mfles. Pop. 330,000.
Minden, t Pruasia, in Weatphalia, and cap, of
the government of the aame name, atanda on the-
Weser. In 1806, il was occupied by the French,
and finally ceded to Prussia iu 1814; since which
its fortifications have been renewed and extended.
34 ra. W. Hanover, Lon. 8° Sff E, Lat, 52° 17' JSt.
Pop. 6,800,
Minden, t, Montgomery co, N, Y. on the Mo
hawk, 25 m. W. Johnstown, 62 W. Albany, Pop,
4,788, It contains S Dutch Reformed churches,
Minden, p-v. Ontario co, N, Y.
Mindo, t. Quito, 20 ni, N. W, Quito,
Mindoro, one ofthe Philippine islands, 110 miles
long, by about 26 broad. Lon, 120" 24' to 121° 24'
E. Lat ]2"21'to13°8ff N,
JIfine au Burton, See Potosi, Missouri,
Mine au fer, or Iron Mine, v. Kentucky, on the
Mississippi, 16 m, below the moulfa of Ohio river.
Mine Biled el Hobesh, harbour of the Red aea,
on the coast of Egypt Lat, 23° 15' N.
Minehead, a borough and s-p. Eng. in Somerset
CO, on the Bjistol channel, 24 m, W. of Bridge-
water, Lon, 3° 2ff W, Lat. 51° 12' N, Pop,
1,037. Minehead, cape, Ireland, on the S. E. coEist of
Waterford, Lon. 7° Sff W. Lat 51° Sff N,
Minehead, p-t, Essex co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 58 m, N, E, MontpeUer, Pop, 144,
Mineo, t. Sicily, 32 ra. N, W, Syracuse, Pop-
5,300, Mineral fork, r, Misaouri, a branch of Big river,
which flowa into the Maramee,
Mine river, r, Howard co, Miaaouri, which flows
into theS, aide ofthe Missouri 200 milea above its
mouth. It is navigable 40 miles,
Minerva, t. Essex co, (N, Y.) S, W, of Elizabeth-
town, Minerva, p-t. Mason co. Ken, 13 m. fr, Washing
ton.

464

M I P

Minervindj t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 85 m,
E. Naples, It is a bishop's see,
Mingan Islands, islanda near the S. coaat of
Labrador, in the gulf of St Lawrence, 30 ra, W,
Anticoati. Lon, 64° W, Lat 50° Iff N,
Mingrelia, a large country of Asia, on the S,
side of the Caucasian mountains, between the
Caapian and the Black aeaa. It ia bounded N, by
Georgia, E, by Iraraeretia, S, by the river Phasis,
and VV, by the Black sea. The prince ia depen
dent on the Russians,
Minho, r. whicfa separates Spain from Portugal,
and falls into the Atlantic 15 m. S. W, Tuy.
Minho, the Province. See Entre Douro e
Minho. Miniato al Tedescho, t Tuscany. It is the see
of a bishop. Pop. 2,000.
Miniet Ebn Kasib, t. Upper Egypt, on the W,
bank ofthe Nile, 22 m. S, Abu Girge,
Minisink, t. Orange co, N. Y. 10 m, W, Goshen,
25 W, Newberg, Pop, 4,005.
Minisink, t Sussex co. N. J, on the Delaware,
5 ra. below Montague, 67 N, W. Brunswick,
Minitaba, lake, Canada, 100 milea long, and
from 10 to 15 wide, Lon, 100° 2ff W. Lat. 50°
4ffN, Minni, in Sac, Geog, a province of Armenia,
Minnith, in Sac, Geog. t in tfae kingdom of tfae
Ammonites, 4 ra, from Heshbon, It supplied the
city of Tyre with wheat,
Mino, one ofthe smaller Philippine islands. Lon,
124° SffE, Lat 10° ffN,
Minong, or Isle Royal, isl, Canada, in Lake Su
perior, 30 miles long, and 10 broad. Lon, 89° W,
Lat. 48° N,
Minorca, one of the B alearic islands, in the Me
diterranean, 37 m. E. of Majorca, and 120 from
the coast of Spain. Area, 240 sq, miles. Pop,
31,000. The iraportance of the island faas been
altogether owing to the vEduable harbour of Port
Mahon. The exports are wine, wool, and cheese.
The other products are olives and olive oil, salt,
honey, fruit, pulse, and vegetables. The island
was taken by the British in 1798, bul restored to
Spain in 1802,
Minori, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, on the
gulf of Salerno, 7 m. W, S. W. Salerno, Pop,
2,100. Minot, p-t, Curaberland co. Maine, on the An
droacoggin, S3 ra. N. Portiand.
Minsk, a government of Eu. Russia, which ex
tends from the Dwina on the N. to the province of
Volhynia on the S. Area, S7,(X)0 square miles.
Pop. about 950,000. Wood and potash are al
most the only articles of export The inhabitants
are a mixture of Poles, Lithuanians, Tartars, Ar
menians, Greeka, Jews, and gypsies. The chief
part are Catholics.
Minsk, t. Russia, and cap. ofthe above govern
ment, on the river Swislocz, 310 ra. E. N. E. War
saw. Lon. .27° 40' E. Lat. 53° 4ff N. Pop. 2,000,
chiefly Jews.
Minsk, t. Poland, 25 ra. E.by S. Warsaw.
Minion, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra, a Ut
Ue lo the S. of tfae line. Lon. 97° ff E.
Minuciana, t. Italy, in Lucca, 9 m. N. N. E.
Carrara, Minsesheim, t. Baden, 2 ra. W, N, W, Goch-
sheira. Pop, 1,100,
Mioutolon, small isl, near the E, coaat of Africa,
Lat 7° SffE,
Miprovatz, t. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 62 m, N, W.
Sophia,

M I R
Miquelan, isl, S, W, of Newrfoundland, 9 m. W.
Cape May, Lon, 55° 55' W, Lat, 47° 4' N,
Mira, t. Ausfrian Italy, 8 m, W. Venice, Pop,
2,000. Mira, t. Portugal, on the coastof Beira, 13 m. S.
Braganza Nova, Pop. 1,600,
Mira, r. Quito, which enters the Pacific, by sev
eral mouths, in lat. 1° 40' N.
Mirabel, t France, in Lot, 9 ra. N. Montau
ban. MirabeUa, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 10 m.
S. E. Benevento. Pop. 5,500.
Mirobello, t. Naples, iu Molise, 20 m, N, Bene
vento. Pop. 2,100,
Miradoux, I. France, in Gers, 7 m, N. E. Lec
toure. Pop, 1,700,
Miargoane, t. Hispaniola, on the N. W. coast,
31 leaguea E. by S. Port au Prince. Lat 18°
27' N,
Miramachi, bay and river on the N, E. coastof
New Brunswick. The bay aeta up between Por
tage island on the N. and Escuminax point on the
S. 40 m. N, W. of Shediac bay, and 35 S, E, Cha.
leur bay. Here ia a port, where the timber trade
is carried on to a considerable extent. The sal
mon fishery also ia pretty extensive. The river is
formed by two branches, caUed N, W, and S, W.
which unite about 40 m, above its entrance into
the bay. The nuraber of settlers amounts to about
2,000. Mirambeau, t. France, in Lower Charente, 12
m S. Pons, Pop. 2,200.
Miranda, r. Spain, which rises araong the moun
tains of Asturias, separates that province from Ga
licia, and falls into the Atiantic.
Miranda de Corvo, t. Portugal, in Beira, 12 m.
S, E, Coirabra. Pop. 2,700.
Miranda de Ebro, t Spain, iu Burgos, on the
Ebro, 32 ra. N. E, Burgos. Lon. 3° 22' W. Lat
42° Sff N. Pop. 1,400.
Mirande, t France, in Gers, 1 1 m. S, W. Auch,
Pop. 1,700,
Mirandelo, t Portugal, in Tras-los-Montea, 22
m. S. W. Braganza. Lon. 6° 5ff W. Lat 41° 25' N.
Pop. 4,700.
Mirandol, v. France, in Tam, 14 m. N. Alby.
Pop. 1,100.
Mirandola, t, Italy, in tfae atatea of Modena, It
is regularly fortified, and defended by a citadel
and castle, caUedLa Rocca, It containa a caUie-
dral, and 15 cfaurchea, 16 m, N. N, E, Modena,
22 S. E. Mantua, Lon, 11° o E. Lat 44° 50' N.
Pop, 8,200,
Mirano, t. Auatrian Italy, 11 m. N, E, Padua,
Pop, 3,200,
Miraporvos, isl. among the BahEunas. Lon, 74'
4ff W, Lat, 21° 5ff N,
Miravel, t. Spain, iu NewCastile, 12m,S,S,W.
Placentia. Miray Bay, on the coast of the island of Cape
Breton, Lon, 59° 4ff W ,Lat 46° 5' N.
Mirebalais, t, Hispaniola, 12 leaguea N. Port au
Prince, Mirebeau, t France, in Upper Vienne, 12 m. N.
N, E, Poitiers, Pop, 2,000.
Mirebeau, t France, in Cote d'Or, 13 m, N, E.
Dijon, Pop, 1,200,
Mirebel, t. France, in Ain, 8 m, N, E, Lyons.
Pop. 1,200,
Mirecourt, t, France, in Vosges, 30 m, S.Nancy.
Pop, 5,100,
Mirefleur, t, France, in Puy-de-Dorae, 9 m. S.
E. Clermont Pop, 1,600,

M I S
j¥irenion/, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 23 m.
W.Riom, Pop. 1,200, „ t .
Miremont, t, France, in tfpper Garonne, 12 ra,
N. E. Rieux, Pop. 1,000,— Also a town in Dor
dogne, 10 ra. S. W. Montignac, Pop, 1,000,
Mireni, t, Walachia, 30 m, S, Bucharest
Mirepoix, t, France, ih Arriege, 18 m. N, E,
Taraacon. Pop. 2,900,
Mirgorod, t Russia, in Kiev, l^jn. S. E. Kiev,
Pop. 1,800.
Mirapplje, t Russia, in Kursk, 88 ra, N, N, W,
Charkov. Lon. 34° 34' E. Lat. 61° 22' N, Pop,
6,300, Mirzapore, t. Hind. in AUahabad, onthe S, bank
ofthe Gangea, It ia the chiefmart for ailk and cotton
between the British and Mahratta territoriea,
Lon. Sff" Sff E, Lat 25° 10' N,
Miselar, isl, in the Eaatern seas, offthe W, coaat
of Sumati^, Lon. 98° Sff E, Lat 1° Sff N.
Misena, Cape, promontory on the S. W. coast of
ItEdy, forming the W. point of the bay of Naples,
Lon. 13° 52' E. Lat 40° 4ff N.
Misery, small isl. Mass, off Salem harbour, 1 m,
N. N, W, Baker's ialand,
Misitra, pronounced Mistra, t Eu, Turkey, in
the S, E, part of the Morea, 28 ra. S, S, E, Tripo
Uzza, It atanda on the decUvity of a hill, at the
foot of Mount Taygetus, iu a raoat beautiful and
picturesque situation. Since the unfortunate in
vasion ofthe Morea by the Russians, in 1770, Mi
sitra is fallii^ into ruins. Among the ruinous
buildings are several fragments of sculpture, the
reUcs of the famous Sparta, which stood 2 miles
distant from the modern Miaitra. Pop. 4,000.
Misivri, or Missevria, t. Eu. Turkey,, in Roma
nia, on the Black aea, 16 m, N. E. Burgas,
: Jfisfto/cs, t Hungary, S3 m.W. Tokay. Lon.
20° 37' 17" E. Lat 48° 5' 56'' N. Pop. 13,600.
Mislowits, t. SUesia, 34 ra, W, N, W. Cracow,
Lon, 19° ff E, Lat 50° Iff N,
MispiUion, t Kent, co, Del, Pop, 5,893,
Miss-^lia, t Italy, 17 m, N, byE, Milan,
Misse, t France, in Two Sevres, 4 m. S. Thou-
ara. Pop, 1,000.
Missiguinnipi Lake, lake, Canada, 100 m. N.
Quebec. Lon. 7 1° Sff W, Lat 48" ff N,
Missiguinnipi River, r. CanEida, which runs in
to the Saguenay. Lon. 71° 10' W. Lat 48° 22' N.
Missisque, r.Vt which rises S.W. of Lake Mem-
phraraagog, and runa into Miaaisque bay, in the N.
E. part of LEike CfaamplEun.
Mississippi, r. U. Statea, rises in lat 47° 47' N.
and lon. 95" 6' W. amidst lakes and awaraps dreary
and desolate beyond deacription, and after a S. E.
courae of about 600 miles, reaches tfae falls of St.
Anlfaony, in lat 44° N. wfaere it descends perpen-
• dicularly 30 feet. From these faUs lo Uie j unction
*of the Missouri, in lat 38° 27' N, the diatance ia
1,030 mflea, and frora the junction ofthe Miaaouri
to ita mouth, in thegulf of Mexico, ia 1,395 nailes,
making the whole length of the river more than
3,000 miles, II is navigable forboata of 40 tona to
the falls of St, Anthony, Ships seldom ascend
above Natchez. The navigation of the river ia at
tended witb danger on account of sawyers, plan
ters, falling banks, and other difliculties. Sawyers
are Isirge trees, whose roots are fastened to the
bottom of the river, while the top just appears at
the level of the water. The, tree is continually
forced downward by the current, whichis still not
strong enougwte tear it out, and suffers it occasion
ally to recoil, ao that a regular vibratory motion
ij kept up, which is gert^Mined once in ten or fif.

M I S

46.3

teen miniitea; and if a boat be pasaing over it at
the .tirae itiafecoiling, the destruction of the boat
ia inevitable. When the top ofthe tree doea not
quite reach the surface of the water, it is called a
Sleeping Sawyer, and thia is the raost dangerous, for
it cannot be aeen. Planters, are trees iii a similar
situation, but firmly fixed, having no motion.
Falling bonks are parta of Uie bank, ao undermined
by the current, that piecea of them, frequently
more than an acre in extent are faUing into thp
sfream. Boata are often deafroyed by them.
The current of the Miasiasippi ia'Very rapid. The
passage of ships ascending the river from the Ba
lize to New-Orleans takea up from 5 to SO days,
while a Ught wind wiU carry them down in 13
hours. Frora New-Orlesras to the mouth ofthe Il
Unois, the voyage formerly "required 8 to 10 weeks.
But the introduction of steara-boata haa greatly
faciUtated the ascent of the river, and the voyage
ia now perforraed in leaa than oue third ofthe tirae
Iormerly deraEinded, The nuraber of steam-boats
h'ds very rapidly increased within a few years, and
is still increasing. The first steam-boat on the west
ern watera was built at Pittaburg, in 1811, In
1819, there were 50, measuring together 7,306
tons. At the sarae time there were 13 new boats
ou the stocka,
, Tfae principal tributariea of the Mississippi from
the west, are Red river, Arkansaw, White river,
Missouri, Dea Moinea, and St, Peters ; Euid from
the east, the Yazoo, Ohio, Illinois, and Ouisconsiu,
The banks of the Mississippi are annually inunda
ted for a conaiderable extent, particularly on tfae
weatern bank, Emd in the lower part of ita course,
Juat below the raouth of Red river, commences
what is called the Della of the Mississippi. The
river here, instead of receiving the tribute of infe
rior atrearaa, dividea into numeroua braiiches or
bayous, which, diverging frora eacfa other, slowly
wind their way to tfae sea. See Louisiana.
Missusippi, one ofthe U, Stales, bounded N, by
Tennessee ; E. by Alabama ; S, by the gulf of
Mexico and Louisiana ; W. by Louisiana -and the
Arkansaw territory. The boundary runs aa fol
lows : Beginning on the Mississippi at 35° N. lat
it proceeds due east to Tennesaee river, and up
that river lo the mouth of Besu: creek ; theace ia
a southerly course lo theN. W. point of Washing
ton CO. in Alabama ; thence due S. to the gulf of
Mexico ; thence weatwardly, including all the isl
ands within six leagues ofthe shore, to the raouth
of Pearl river ; up that river lo 31° N, lat, tfaence
due W. to tfae Miaaiaaippi, and up th'at river to the
place of begiBniiig, ll extends frora lat 30° Iff to
35° N, andfrin lon, 88° 10' to 91° 35' W. and con
taina about 45,000 aquare mfles, or 29,000,000
acrea. About one half of the territory of this State, em
bracing the northern and north-eastern parta, is
in the possession of the Chickasaw and Choctaw
Indians. In 1820, the Choctaws ceded to the
U. Stales, a larg^e tract, including all their lands on
the Miaaissippi, below the mouth of the Arkan
saw, The part of the Stale belonging lo the
whites is in Uie S, and S. W, and in 1816, was di
vided into IS countiea, containing 44,208 inhabi
tanta, of whom 20,547 were alavea. Two thirds
of thia population was concentrated in the counties _
bordering on the Mississippi, belo-w the mouth of
the Yazoo.
The southern part of the State for about 100
railea frora the gulfof Mexico, ia moatly a flat coun
try, with occasional hills of moderate elevation,
59

466

M I S

and is covered with foreatsof the longleaved pine,
interspersed with cypress swamps, open prairies,
and inundated raarahea. As you proceed farther
nortii, the country becomes more elevated and
agreeably diveraifiedj and the aoil is a deep rich
mould. The Indian country ia very fertile, and
enjoya as fine and healthy a climate as any on the
continent On the Miaaisaippi, between the mouth
of the Yazo» and the aouthern boundary of the
State, there are extenaive bottom landa,, occupying
^ surface of about 600 aquare miles, liable to an
nual inundation. The hilly country rises like
a buttress from this plain, and for 10 or 15 railea
towards the interior, preaenb a warra and waving
soilj generally compoaed of rich loara, and admi
rably adapted to the cultivation of cotton, Tfae
price of land ia very high in thia part ofthe State,
and immense profits have been realized by tfae
cotton planters. The sugar cane is soraetimes
Blanled as high up aa NatcheZrbut not witfa the
same succesa aa is experienced farthersouth. To
bacco and indigo were formerly extensively culti
vated, but since the introduclaon of cotton, they
have been almost abandoned. Most of the flour
and grain uaed in the aettiementa on the Misaissippi
is brought from Kentucky.
Miaaisaippi was admitted into tfae Union ia 1817.
By the act of admission, it is provided that the
public lands shaU be exempted from eiU taxea,
whUe belonging to the U. States, and for 5 years
from the day of sale ; and that lands belonging lo
citizena of the U. States, residing without the State
shall never be taxed higher than lands belonging
to persons residing therein ; and that the river
Misaissippi, and the navigable rivers and waters
leading into tfae aame, or info the gulfof Mexico,
shall be comraon highways, and for ever free of
toll or duty to all the citizens ofthe U. Stales, In
return for this concession, Congresa have provided
that after paying a debt of 1,250,000 doUara to
Georgia, and indemnifying certain claimants, 5
per cent, ofthe nett proceeds of the public lands
lying within the State shall be devoted to making
roada and canala for the benefit ofthe Stale,
The cUpiate is temperate, and in the elevated
' parts, generally healthy. The bay of St. Louis in
fhe southern part of the State, is esteemed one of
the most salubrious places in that climate, and ia
the retreat of many ofthe citizens of New-Orleana
during the sickly season. At Shieldsborough, on
this bay, 50 ra. N. E. New-Orlesuis, a college waa
eatablisned in 1818. Natchezia mucfa the largest
town in the State, but Monticello is the seat of
government. Missouri, the largest river of North America, is
formed by three branches, called Jefferson's^ Mad
ison's, and Gallatin's,, rivers, all of whicfa rise in the
Rocky Mountains, between 42° and 48° N. lat and
unite at one place, in lat 45° 10' N, and lon, 1 10°
W. From the confluence of these streams to the
Great Falls, the course of the river is northerly ;
thence to the Mandan viUages easterly ; and fi-ora
tho Mandan villages to the junction with the Mis
sissippi, it runs first S. and afterwards S. E. The
whole length from the highest navigable point of
Jefferaon'a river, to the confluence with the Missis
sippi, is 3,096 pules, and tp the gulf of Mexico,
4^91. During this whole diatance there ia no
cataract or conaiderableimpediment to the naviga
tion, except at the 6reat Falls, which are 2,575
miles from the Mississippi, At these faUs, the river
descends in the distance of 18 miles, 362 feet. The
first great pitclj in ascending the river,, is 9S let t ;

MIS
the second, 19 ; tiie third, 47; and the fourth, Sff.,
The width ofthe river is here about 350 yarda, and
and from every deacription, the cataracte are next
to thoae of Niagara, the grandeat in the world.
About 100 mflea abdve the falls, ia the place call
ed the Gates ofthe Rocky Mountaina. The rocks
here rise perpendiculEu^ly from the .water's edge,
to the height of nearly 1,200 feet, througfa a dis
tance of more ton 6 miles, and tfae river is com
pressed to the'lKdth of 150 yarda. Nothing caa
be imagined more gloomy than the paaaage Uirough
thia dark chaam.
The current of the Missouri is more rapid than
that of tfae Mississippi, and tfae ascent much' more
difficult Above the faUs the navigation ia much
better than in any other part of the river. The
floods of the Miaaouri usuaUy begin early in March,
and there ia a continued auccessien of them until
the laat of July, the river subsiding, and again
rising, as the different rivera bring down thefr an
nual tributes. The greatest rise is about Uie HHb
of June. — The foUowing table exhibits the princi
pal branches of the Missouri, with the width and
latitude of each at its mouth^and the distancefrom
tiie raouth ofthe Missouri.

Rivers. Width in

Sideof

Dist.

Lot.

yards. Missouri.

Gasconade.

167

S.W.

100

38° 45

Great Osage.

397

s. w.

137

38° 31'

Mine river.

70

S.W.

200

Grand.

190

N.E.

240

Kansas.

,233

S.W.

340

39° 05^

Platte.

600

S. w.

600

41° 4'

Big Sioux.

110

N.E.

853

38° 48"

Jacque or James.

90

N.E.

960

42° 53

Quicourre.

150

S. W.

i.boo

White.

300

S. W.

1,130

Chienne.
400
S.W.
1,310
44° 20'
YeUowstone.
800
S.W.
1,880
47° Sff
Missouri, one of the U. States bounded E. by
HUnoia,- Kentucky, and Tennessee ; S. by Arkan
saw Territory ; W. and N. by Miasouri Terntorj.
The boundary runa as foUows : BeginningiiiiUie
Missiaaippi, at the mouth of Dea Moinea riVer, il
proceeds up that river to the rapida ; thence the
Une runa due west tiU it meets the meridian, -which
passes tfarough the raouth of Kansas river, at itr
entrance into the Misaouri ; thence due S.along thaf
meridian, to- the parallel of 36° Sff N. lat; tiience
due E. to the river St- Francis ; down Uiat river tc
the paraUel of 36°, along that paraUel to the Mis
sissippi, and up the Miasiasippi to the place of be
ginning. It extends from 36° to about 40° 30' N.
lat and from 89° to about 94° 10° W.lon, and con
tains about 60,000 aquare railea.
A great proportion of the land in this Slate is of
the richest kind, producing com, wheat, rye, oata, ,
flax, hemp, and tobacco, in great abu«»dance. The
lands bordering on Uie Missouri, sire exceedii^l?
rich. They consist of a stratum of black alluvial
soil, of unknown depth. As you recede from the
banks of Uie rivers,, the land risea, paasiug some
times graduaUy, and sometimes abruptly into ele
vated barrens, flinty ridgea, Euid rocky cliffs. A
portion ofthe State is, therefore, unfit for cultiva
tion, but this part of the State is rich in mineral
treasures. The land ia eiUier very fertile or very
poor ; it is either bottom land, or cUff, either prairie
or barren ; there is very littie of an interniediate
quality. The climate is rcraarkablji ae^.ene and
temperate, and verv favourable to health.
The mo'jl rcyiartable feature in Missouri ia its
MIS
lead mines, which are probably the most extensive
outhe' globe.
They occupy a diatrict between 37° and 38° N.lat
and 89° and 92° W. lon, extending from Uie head
waters of St, Francis river in a N. W, direction, to
the Maramee, a distEmce of 70 miles in length, and.
about 45 milea in breadth. They cover an su-ea of
more than 3,000 square miles. The ore is of the
richest and purest kind, and exists in quantities
sufficient to supply aU the demanda of the U, States,
and EiUow a large aurplus for exportation. The
processes of working the mines have hitherto been
very imperfect, and conducted without skiU, sya-
- tem, or economy, yet Mr, SchoolcrEift eatimates
the annual produce at more thEin 3,000,000pounda,
which at 4 centa a pound, ia worth $120,000.
The number of minea now worked is 165, and Uie
number of men employed, raore than 1,100, The
lead is transported to St Genevieve Emd Hercula
neum, where il ia ahipped for New-Orleana, and
the Atlantic ports.
The number ofinhabitants in Missouri iaestima-
ted at 50,000. A large proportion are from Ten
nessee, Kentucky, New- York, and New-England,
and emigrated to this State within 5 or6 years. The
original inhabitants were French and Spaniards,
There are few ofthe latter remaining, but the for
mer conatitute a respectable proportion of the pop
ulation, Tfae French language is spoken in mEuiy
settieraents almost exclusively. The prevalent
reUgion is Methodism. The French are uniforra-
fy Roraan Catholics, The Baptists are also nume
rous, Eind there are a considerable number of Pres
byterians and Episcopalians,
Missouri was admitted into the Union in 1821,
Whfle the question weis pending before Congress,
an attempt was made to introduce a clause into the
act of admission, to prevent the further introduc
tion of slaves into the State, After a discussion of
many weeks, in which the feelings ofthe people in
every part of the U, States were highly excited,
the proposition failed by a majority of 4 votes, A
clause was inserted, however, inthe act, providing
that in the part ofthe territory ceded by France lo
the U,States,underthe nEuneofLouiaianawhich lies
ndrth of 36° Sff N. lat not included -witfain tfae lim
its of the Slate of Missouri, slavery should be for- ¦
ever prohibited, la the act of admission, the gov
emment ofthe U- Stales granted to the State one
section or thirty-sixth part of every township, for
the support ofcomraon schools ; and one township for
the support of a college. Five per cent, Ofthe net
proceeds of the sale of public lands, is also reserv
ed for making, roads and canala, for the benefit of
the State. ¦ Aa the condition of theae granta, the
State has provided tfaat none of the public lands
shall be taxed for any purpbse, whfle belonging to
the U, States, nor for five yeara after the day of
sale ; that the raflilary bounty landa ahall not be
taxed, if they continue to be held by tbe pateMeea,
or their heirs, for the terra 6f three years from the
date of their patenta. It ia also provided, that the
river Miasissippi, and all the navigable watera
leading into the aamcj shall be common highways^
and for ever free of toll or duty to all tfae citizena of
the U, States, and that in no case shall non-resi
dent proprietors be taxed higher than residents.
St. Louis ia hy far the largeat town. The other
pirincipEd towns are St Genevieve^ St Charlesj
and Franklin, Of a less size are Herculaneum,
Potosi, St, Mibhael, New-Madrid, and Cape Gi
rardeau, The seat of govemment is at preaent
¦at Cote-sana-deaaein,
Missouri Territory, a trarritory of the U, State

M I X

m

bounded N, by the Britiah dominions ; E, by the
N, W, Territory and the States of Ulinois and Mis
souri ; S, by Arkansaw Territory ; S, W, by the
Spanish dominions ; and W, by tfae Rocky Moun
tains. It ia a vast wilderness, inhabited, with the
exception of a few miUtary posts, excluaiyely by
Indiana, It ia estiraated to contain 800,000 aquare
miles. Taking the whole country together, it
may be pronounced an extenaive region of open
plaina and meadowa, interapersed with barren
hilla, and haviug some reaemblance to the Steppe*
of Tartary, or the Saaraa of Africa, but without
the morasses and dull uniformity of tiie one, or the
dreary steriUty ofthe other. It is almost deat^tute of
woods, except in the neighbourhood of streams,
and can scarcely be sEud to admit of aettiementa.
The fracts lying immediately on the great rivers,
constitute the most valuable parts. 'The banks of
the Mississippi afford suitable situations for settle
ments as high up as the falls of St, Anthony. Above
tfae falls, the pine country commences. Buffaloes
aud other vrild animals abound in almost every
part of the territory. They go in imniense herds.
Lieut, Pike, wfao travelled on the Arkansaw to
wards its aources, saw, aa he judged, 3,000 in one
drove. The face of the earth appeared to be cov
ered with them. The banka of the ArkansaW and
Missouri rivers are the paradise of hunters. Of all
countries visited by man, this producea game in
the greateat abundance.
Miasourilan, t. Howard co Missouri. ,
Missuippe, lake, Lriwer Canada, E. of Lak^
Meraphramagog. It comraunicatea by its outlet
with the river St. Francia,
Mistalcen, Cope, the S, pointof the Hermit ialea,
3 leagues from Cape Horn,
Mistaken Point, NeiVfoundlandi 2 leaguea W.
N. W. Cape Race,
Mistdbach^ t Austria, 24 m, N; by E. Vienna,
Pop. 3,000,
Mistic See Mystic.
Mistrotta; t. Sicfly, in the Val di I)eraon.a, 50
m. E, by S. Palerixio. fop. 6,000.
. Mitchel, Point, cape bn an island <iff the 1?. W.
coast df Araerica, Lon, 237" ff E. Lat, 56° 29' N.
Mitambo, kingdora of W, Africa, on the river
Sierra Leone, ,
Mitre Island, amaU iaL ill the Pacific, Lon; 169"
55'E.Lat ll°4ffS-,
Mitrawils, t, Sclavonia, on the Save, 16 ra. S, S,
W. Peter W'aradein. Pbp, 3,600, ,
Mitry, t. France, 14 ra, N- Paria. Pop; ,1,200.
Mittau, or Miefau, t. Eu. Ruasia, and cap. of
Courland, on the Aa, 140 m. N. Konigsberg, 56 W.
Riga. Lon. $3° 4ff E. Lat. 56° 39' N. Pop, 12,000;
of whora neariy one half are Germans, and above
1,000 Jews,
Mitlehwald, t. Bavaria, on the Iser, 13 m, N.
N, W, Innapruck, Pop, i',800,
Mitterburg, t. Austrian States, 30 ra. S. E'.
Trieate. Lon, 14° 7' E, Lat, 45° 2ff N, Pop.
1*650. .
MiUerieich, t Bavaria, 32 m, E. Bayreuthei
Pqp; ,1,200, o a
, Mitto'h; I,d«)C)-,v, Eng, in Worcester, 4 ra, S, b.
¦VV, Kidderrainster, Pop, 2,352.
Mittweyda, t. Saxonyj 32 m. W. by S. Dresden,
Pop, 3,800, , ^ .,
Miture, r, Caraccas, which enters the Carribs
. bean aea, in lat 11° 27' N,
Mitykne. See Mytilene. . .
Mixco, t Guatimala, 33 m, E, Guatiniala, .
Mixstadt, t, Polandj 15 mi S. Kalisch; P#-
1^850;

468

M O C

Misantla, t. Mexico, 146 ra. E. [Mexico. Lon.
96°3ff W. Lat 19°54'N.
Misenhead, the S. W. point of Ireland. Lon. 9°
43'W. Lat51"2ff N.'
Misenhead, cape on theE. coast of Ireland. Lon.
9° 4' W. Lat. 52° 52' N.
Mispah, or, Mispeh, in Sac. GeOg. t Palestine,
in the plains of Judah, It is also the name of a
town in Moab ; ofa valley inthe country of Mount
Lebanon ; of a town in the tribe of Gad ; of one
in Benjamin ; of one in Gilead on tfae E, aide of
. Jordan ; andof one in Benjamin, where the aasera-
blies of the Jewish people were often held,
Misque, province of Buenos Ayrea, bounded S,
by Yamparaea, S, W. by Charcas, W. by Cocha-.
bambas, and N, by Uie Andes, -Pop, 12,000, Miz
que, the capital, is in Lon. 56f 42' W, Lat 18°
4ff S,
Mlawa, t Poland, 45 ra, N, N.E, Plock, Pop,
1,000, Moa Isk, isl. in the Eastern seas, off the E, ex
tremity of Tiraor, Lon, 128° E, Lat 8° 20' S,
Moages, small islands in the Carribbean sea, at
the entrance of the gulf of Venezuela,
Mobjock, bay, Va, wfaich sels up from Chesa
peake bay N, of the mouth of York river.
Mobile, CO, Alabama, on both aidea of the bay
and river of the same name.
Mobile, p-t, port of entry and cap, of Mobile co.
Alabama, is on the weatern channel of Mobile riv
er, near its entrance into Mobile bay. It is built
on a high bank, in a dry and commanding aitua
tion, but tfae approach to the town for vessels
drawing more than eight feet of Water, is diflicult
and circuitous. ', The country in the resir is unaet
tled pine woods. While tliis town was under the
dominion of the French and Spaniards, it was a
mere military post. When it came into the poa-
seasion of the United Statea, in 1813, it contained
only 100 houses J but, since the rapid progreaa of
the settlements on the llombigbee and Alabama, an
attempt has been raade to raake il the depot for
the produce of the country ou those rivers.; There
is, however, a vigorous rivalry between this place
and Blakely, and the latter has some obvioua ad-
vantagea. S3 m. N. Mobfle point, 10 E. Blakely,
60 W. N. W. Pensacola, 40 by water below Fort
Stoddert Lat 30° 40' N.
Mobile bay, a bay at tfae mouth of Mobile river,
30 miles long, and, on Em average, 12 broad. It
comraunicates with the Gulf of Mexico by two
straits, one on each side of Dauphin island, which
lies at its mouth. The strait on the W. side wiU
not admit the paaaage of veaaela drawing raore than
5 feet of water ; that on the E. aide, between the
island and Mobile point, haa 18 feet of water, and
the channel passes within a few yards of the point
There is a bar which runs acroaa the bay, near
its upper end, over which there is only 11 feet
water. Mobile, r. Alabama, is formed by tfae union of
the Alabaraa and Tombigbee, 40 in, above Mobile,
After a course of 3 railea it dividea and enters Mo
bfle bay in aeveral channela. The rasiin western
chapnel is called the Mobile ; the main eastern
channel, ia the deepest and widest, and ia called
the Tensaw. The eaatem channel passes by
Blakgly, *
Mocamoco, t, on tho S, W, coast of SOmatra,
ton. 101° IffE, Lat 2° SI'S, '
Mocaranga. See Motapa.
Mocha, an extenaive city of Yemen, in Arabia,
the principal port on the Red sea, and the channel

MO D
through which almoat aU the intercourse of Eu
rope witfa thia part of the world is Carried on.
The trade with Mocha was nearly monopoUsed by
the English tiU ,1803, when the Araericans disopy-
ered that large profits might be made by export
ing coffee, and they iramediately commenced the
business on a large scale. The competition soon
raised the price from 36 to 40 or 50 dollars per
bale. In the following year 8,000 bales were ex
ported by the Araericans, and 2,000 by the Britiah.
The former calculated to deliver it in America
at 6/. 18s, 9d. per cwt whfle the India company
could not deliver it in England at less than lO/j
3*, &d. The trade is' carried on by about two hun-.
dred and fifty Banians or Gentoo merchants. The
Engliah pay a duty of three per cent ou sdl im
ports, but other foreigners of five. Lon. 43° 20'
E. LatI3°2ffN,
Mocha, uninhabited isl, on the coast of Chili,
60 miles in circumference, frequented by the
whalers from the United States. Lat 38° 40' S,
Mocha, 1. Pera, which enters the Pacific a
league frora Truxillo, in lat 8° 10' S.
Mockem, t. Prussian states, 18 m, E. Magdebnrg, <
Pop, 1,200.
Mock's old field, p-v. Rowan co. N, C,
Mockwonpore, t and cap, of a distriot of the same ,
narae in Hind. Lon, 85° Iff E, Lat 27° 28' N,
Mocodame, small isL near the S. E, coast of No
va Scotia, Lon, 6I°2ffW. Lat 45° 4'N.
Madain, ul, v. Irak Arabisi, on the E. bank of
the Euphrates, on the site ofthe ancient Seleucia
and Ctesiphon. 20 m. S, E, of Bagdad, A
Madane, t, Sardinian states, in Savoy, IS^m. £,
by S, St Jean de Maurienne, Pop, l,00ff,:
Modania, t Asia Minor, on a giilf of the same
narae, connected with the sea of Marmora, The
gulf, to this height, is navigable for shipa of bur
den. 15 ra, N, W. Bursa.
Modbury, t Eng. in Devonshire, 14 m, E. Ply
moutii, 207 W. by S, London, Lon. 3° 52" W.
Lat. 60° 61' N. Pop, 1,890,
Modena, a duchy in the N. of Italy, situatedbe
tween the Po on the Sf , and the Appenninea on the
S, and extending from 9° 64' to 11° 20' E, lon, and
frora 44° ff to 44° 55' N, lat It is bounded E, by
the States ofthe Church, aud W, by Parma. 'The.
territory of Modena, properly speakings consists
only of the six districts of Modena, Reggio, Mi
randola, Corre^o, Carpi, and Navellara ; but, \
as the principEility of Massa and Csirrara wiU re
vert, on the death of its preaeut aovereign, to the
houae of Modena, it is commonly included, The
extent and population of Modena proper, is 1,740
sq. mUes, with 332,000 inhabitants ; of Massa and
Carrara, 320 aq, miles, with 38,000 inhabitant!.
Total, 2,060 sq, mfles, and 370,000 inhabitanta,
Tfae climate is mild and pleasant, and the aoil rieh
and fruitful. The products are corn, wine, fruit,
olives, mulberry-treea, hemp, &c. This duChy
forras an independent state, possessed, in fuU sov
ereignty, by a lateral branch ofthe houae of Aus
tria, the Archduke Francis of Este, The revenue
is computed at 140,000/, aterling; the froopa at
1,600 raen,
Modena, the capital ofthe above duchy, is in a
delightful plain, between the rivers Panaro ands
Secchia, , It haa a citadel, and ia surrounded with
ramparts. There is here a college, with a libra
ry of about 80,000 volumes, 22 m, W, N, W, Bo
logna, and 30 E, S, E, Parma, Lon, 11° IS* ^
Lat 44° 34' N. Pop,20,0fla

M O H

M O J

4(>9

Moder and Daughters Islands, islanda near Cay
enne, on the E, coast of S, Araerica, in about lat.
5* N. lon, 52° W.
Modem, Modor, or Modra, t. Hungary, 14 m.
N. N, E, Presburg,
Modiboo, t Barabara, in Africa, near the Niger.
66 m. N. E. Sego.
Modica, t Sicfly, in the Val di Noto, cap. of the
district of Modica, SO ra. W. S. W. Syracuse, 46
S. S. W Catania. Lon. 14° 43' E. Lat 36° 51' N.
Pop. 23,500.
Modigliana, t Italy, in TuscEray, 40 m, N, E,
Florence. Pop. 2,200.
Modin, V. PEileatine, 14 m. E, S. E. Jafffu
Modon, or Mothone, the ancient Methane, a aea
port of Greece, in the S, W, part of the Morea,
The hsirbour ia aecure, but not large. The town
ia the residence of a bey Eind the aee of a Greek
biahop. 15 m. W. S, W. Coron, and 56 S, W,
TripoUzzEi, Mod'ugno, t, Naples, 15 m, S, W, Bari, Pop.
4,600, Moen, ial, Denmark, in the Baltic, aeparated
from the ialand of Zealand by a narrow strait.
Extent, 90 sq, mfles. Pop. 7,000.
Moey, sraall isl, in tfae Eastern aeaa, Lon, 132°
SffE, Lat 5° SffS,
Moffat, t Scotiand, in Dumfries co, on the An
nan, celebrated for its mineral waters, whicfa are
famous for tfaeir cures in acrophuloua, herpetic,
and rheumatic affections, 21 ra, N, E, Durafriea,
SO St Edinburgh,
Moggodor. See Mogodor.
Mogglingen, v, Wirtemberg, 8 m, E, Gemund,
Pop, 1,400,
^Mogimiri, t Brazil, 35 m. E, St, Paul,.
Magliano, t Naples, iu Terra di Lavoro, Pop,
3,800, Mogodor, s-p, of Morocco, on the Atlantic, com
monly called by the nativea Suerrah, the princi
pal seat of tfae commerce between Europe and the
empire of Morocco. The place ia built on a low
flat deaert of accumulating aand, whicfa separates
it from the cultivated counfry. The imports into
Mogodor in 1804, are estimated by Mr, Jackson
at 161,450/. The exports for the SEune year, were
almdnds, aweet and bitter ; guma, Barbary, Sou
dan, and Sandrac; bees' wax, goat skins, oU of
olivea, cow and calf skins, sheep's wool, ostrich
feathers, pomegranate peels, and dates, to the
amountof 127,679/, aterUng, Lon. 9° 2ff W. Lat
31° 60' N. Fop. eatimated at 10,000.
¦Mogoliston. See Mongolia.
Magoo, a-p. Lariatan, in Peraia. It has one of
the raoat aecure roadateads in the gulf, capable of
holding the largeat fleets. 80 ra. S. Lar.
Moguer, ti Spain, in Seville, althe mouth ofthe
Tinto, 61 m. W. Seville. Lon. 6°6ff W. Lat 37°
12'N. Pop. 6,000.
Mohacsj t, Hungary, near tfae Danube, 56 ra.
W. Segedin, 21 E. Funfkirchen. Lon. 18° 11' 4ff'
E, Lat 46° 5ff 29'' N, Pop, 4,000,
Mahaffey's, p-v. Lincoln- co. N. C.
Mohoney,' Lower, t Northuraberland co. Pa.
Pop. 1,040.
•Mohaney, Upper, t Northuraberland co. Pa.
Pop. 1^426.
Mohaun, t Hind, in Oude, Lon, 81° E, Lat,
-26° 60' N,
Mohawk, r. N, H, which joins Connecticut river
at Stewartston, '
Mohawk, r. N, Y, a lange western branch ofthe
Hudson, which rises 20 ro, N, of Rome, and run

ning S, of E. passes by Rome, Utica, and Sche
nectady, and, after a courae of about 135 miles,
falla into the Hudson by aeveral raouths between
Troy and Waterford, "The navigation of the
river is interrupted by nuraerous rapida and falla,
the principal of which is the Cahoos, or Cahoes,
two railea frora ita mouth, wfaich is much adnjired
for ita beauty and aubUraity, The'Yiver, which
is here between 300 and 400 yards broad, de
scends, at high water, in one sheet, to tfae depth of
70 feet. About three-fourtha of a rafle below, a
bridge haa been thrown across the Mohawk, from
which the view of the falls is inexpressibly grand'.'
At Rorae there is a canal, 1 J railes long, connect
ing the Mohawk with Wood creek, and opening a
communication through thia creek, Oneida lake,
and Oawego river into Lake Ontario, The Erie
canal will pass along the south bank of the Mo
hawk from its raouth to Rorae,
Mohawk, or Coakquago, r. N, Y, which rises in
Utsayanlhe lEdce, in Schoharie co, and, after a
course of 57 miles, unites with the Popachton to
form Delaware river,
Mohawks, t. Haatinga co. Up, Canada, on Lake
Ontario, W, of Kingaton. '
Mahegan, v, on tiie W, bank of tfae Tfaamea in
Connecticut, 4 m, S, Norwich, Here are the re
maina ofthe Mohegan IndiEuia,
Mohiccan, t Wayne co, Ohio, lira, W, Woos
ter; Pop, in 1819, 605,
Mohiccan, r. Ohio, which runa into Whitewo-
raan's creek, 18 m, above Coshocton,
Mohilev, Ein extensive government of Eui Rus
sia, to the E, of Minak, lying between 28" 50' and
32° 40' E, lon. and 53° 5' and 66° 10' N, lat Area,
18,500 sq. miles. Pop, about 800,000, of whom
the majority are Polea,
Mohilev, the capital of the above government,
ia on the Dnieper, 420 ra. S, St Peter^urg; 330
S, W, Moacow, Pop, 12,500, of whora nearly
2,000 are Jewa,
Mohilev, or Mogilev, t Eu, Ruaaia, in Podolia,
on the Dneiater, 57 m, S. S, E. Caraiuiec. Pop,
7,000. Mohilla, one of the Comorro islands, between
Madagascar Erad the E, coEist of Africa, Lon, 44°
4'E, Lat 12° SffS,
Mohli, V. Switz, in Aargau, 2i m, E, Rheinfel-
den. Pop, 1,400,
Mohrin, t Prussia, in tfae New MEirk of Bran
denburg, 20 m, N, Custrin, Pop. l,000iJ
Mohringen, t. East Prusaia, in Konigaberg, 58
m. S, S. W, Konigaberg, Lon, 19° Sff E, Lat 53°
51' N, Pop. 1,900,
Mohurbunge, diatrict. Hind, in Orissa, between
21° and 23° ir lat
Maine. See Des mains.
Moira, t Ireland, in Down co. 16 m. S. Antrim.
Moira, r. Up. CanadEi, which falla into the bay
of Quinte, in Lake Ontario.
Moira, p-t. Franklin co. N. Y.
Moiro's Sound, inlet on the E. coaat of the
Prince of Walea' archipelago. Lon. 228° 21' E.
Lat 54° 67' N.
Moirons, t. France, in laere, 16 m, N, N, E, St,
MarceUin, Pop, 2,000,
~ Moisdon la Riviere, t, France, in Loire Inferi
eure, 34 ra. N, E. Nantea. Pop. 1 ,800,
Moisi, r. Canada, which runs into the river St
Lawrence, in lon. 64° 4ff W. Lat. 60° 15' N,
Moissac, t. France, in Tam-and-Garonne, on
the Tarn, 18 m, N, W, Montauban,
Mojaisk, t. Eu. Russia, 63 ra. W, Moscow, Pop.

470

M O L

4,000. Between Mojaiak and the amall town of
¦Ghiatsk, was fought the battle of Borodino. See
Borodino. Lon. 35° 44' E. Lat 66° 36' N.
Majos. See Moxos.,
Maknan, or Mohmnan, v. Egypt, 5 ra. S. Gizeh.
Mokontpore, or MuUampore, t. Hind, in Agra,
on the Issah.|, It contains the raauaoleura ofa cel
ebrated Mahometan saint. Immense numbera of
Muasulman pilgrims resort to thia tomb. Lou. 80°
20' E, Lat.26°4ff N.
Mokschan, t Eu. Russia, in Penza, 36 m, W. N.
W. Penza. ,Lon. 44° 50' E. Lat. 58° 4ff N. Pop.
4,100. Mala, or Mola di Gaeta, t. Naples, in the Terra
di Lavoro, ou the Via Appia, 3 m. N. Gaeta, 37
N. W. Naplea, Pop. 2,000.
Mola di Bari, t Naples, on the Adriatic. It has
a,good harbour, 12 m. S. E. Bari. Pop. 7,700.
Mola, V. on the N. E, coast of Sicily, 26 ra. S.
•W. Messina.
Molana, sraall isl. Ireland, in the river Black-
'water,3ra, N. N. W, Youghai,
Malardier,iL. SEirdinian states, in Savoy, 8 m. N.
E. Cfaaraberry.
Mold, or Mould, t Wales, in FUntshire, 12 m.
W. Cheater, 202 N. W. London. Lon. 3° 8' W.
Lat. 53° 10' N. Pop. 5,083,
Moldau, r. Bohemia, which riaea near the raoun
taina tfaat separate tfaat kingdom from Bavaria,
paaaes by Budweis, Prague, and other places, and
joins the Elbe a Uttle above Melnik,
Moldau, or Maldava, r. which rises in the Car-
jpathian mountains, traverses tfae Austrian prov-
Suce of the Bukowine, enters the Turkish prov
ince of MoldaviEi, to which itgives name, andjoins
the Sereth at Roman,
, Moldavia, province in the N. E. of Eu, Turkey,
Taetween 26° 16' and 28° 30' E, lon. and 46° 25' and
;48° Iff N, lat. It ia bounded E. by Ruasia, S. by
Turkey, W. by Transylvania, and N. by Austrian
Poland, Ila extent, Since the cession in 1812 of
its eastern division lo Russia, does uot exceed
17,000 square mflea. The face of the couutry
conaists of undulating plains of great beauty and
vaat extent, covered with luxuriant cropa of gp-aaa.
The other principa.1 producta are wheal, barley,
miUet, maize ; alao wine and tobacco in conaide
rable quantitiea. Situated between Rusaia, Aua-
-fria, and Turkey, this province becomes, from the
commeuceraeut of a war between these powers,
the scene of hostile operations. At the treaty of
Bucharest, in May 1812, the part of Moldavia to
the north of the Pruth, was retained by Russia.
The religion is that of the Greek church. Pop.
about 4(J0,00O.
Mdldautein, t. Boheraia, on the Moldau, 58 ra,
S.„Prague. Pop. 2,200.
Molinisch-Kimpuluug, t, Austrian Poland, 46 m.
S. S. W. Sereth. Pop. 1,200.
Mak, r. Eng. in Surry, which falls into the
Thames opposite Hampton Court, in Middleaex.
Male, Tlie, a port in the N. W, part of the island
of St Domingo, 2 leiiguea E, of Cape St, Nicholaa.
Though inferior to Cape Francois and Port au
Prinfce, it ia the first port in the ialand for aafety
in time of war, being atrongly fortified both by na
ture and art 14 m. S. by W. Jean Rabel, 69 W.
Cape Francois. Lon.73°2ff W, Lat 19°51'N,
Molfeta, or Molfetta, t, Naplea, in the Terra di
Bari, on the Adriatic, It is the see of a bi?hop,
8 m, S,E, Trani, Lon, 16° 39' Ei Lat 41° IffN,
Pop, 11,600,
Mali. See Mohli,

MOM
JVJo/iej-cs, I, France, .in Tarn-and-Garoane, 14
m, N. Montauban, Pop, 2,500,
Molina, t. Spain, in Cuenca, on the lVfolin%
which, falls into the Tagus, 108 m, E. N, E, Mad.
rid, 60 N, N. E. Cuenca. Lon. 2° 1' W. Ljit 41°
ff N. Pop. 4,400.
Molina, t Spain, in Murcia, 7 m. N, by W.
Murcia. Pop. 3,200.
Molina d' Arragon, t. Spain, in Cuenca, 57 mi
N. by E. Cuenca.
Moline's Gut, r. on the S, W, aide of St Chris.
topher's, in the-W, Indies, with anchorage nearits
mouth of from 5 to 10 fathoma.
Malineux Harbour, bay on the S. E. coast of
Tavai Poenararaoo, New Zealand. Lon. 189° Sff
W. Lat 46° 24' S,
Molise, (an. Samnium,) a province of Naple?,
surrounded by the provinces of Abruzzo, the Ca
pitanata, the Principato Ultrs^ and tiie Terra
di Lavoro, Extent 1,200 square mflea. Pop,
207,000, -. PS
Molise, t, Naples, 48 m, N, N. E. Naplea, ,,'
Molitemo, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 25 m.
N. E, Policastro. Pop. 5,200.
Moll, t, Netherlands, 30 m, E. Antwerp. Pop.
3,800. Molkn, t Denmark, 6 m. S. Lubeck. Pop.
1,600. Maladive, t. Ceylon, 46 m. N. N. E. Trinco
malee. Mokga, t. Russia, in Jaroalav, where the river
Mofoga falls into the Volga. Lon. 38° 22' E. Lat
68° N. Pop. 2,000.
Molsen, t. PrussiEin Saxony, 18 m. S. S. W.
Leipsic. Molsheim,t. France, 10 m. W. Strasburg. Pop.
2,500, Malton, South, t. Eng. in Devonshfre, 29 m. N.
W. by N. Exeter, 181i W. by S. of London. Pop.
2,739. Molucca Island;, islands in Uie E. Indian sea,
first diacovered by the Portuguese in 151 U 'The
term is sometiraes appUed to aU the ialands E, of
the Molucca pasaage, iu lon, 126° E. ; but in gen
eral it is restricted to the Spice istands, namely,
Araboyna, Banda, Ceram, Ternate, Tidore, and
Batchian. These islEmds are chiefly famous for
the production of spices, particularly nutmegs and
clovea. The Portuguese were the owners of fliese
ialands till they were wrested from them by the
Dutch in 1607. During the late war they were
captured by the EngUsh, but are now restored to
the Dutch.
Molwits, v, Prussian States, 23 ra, S. S.'W,
Breslau. Moma, r. E. AfricEi, which faUs into the Indian
sea in lat 16° 35' S.
Momapane Lake, lake, Canada, 160 m. N. Que'
bee. Lon. 71° W. Lat 49° 40' N.
Mombaca, kingdom on the E. coast of Afrioaj
with a capital of the same name S. of Melinda,
The towu waa formerly occupied by the Porta
gueae ; bul Uiey were expeUedlay the natives in
1631, and it is now rarely if ever visited by Eu
ropean vesaels, Lon, 40° 2 E. Lat, 4° 40' S, .
Momfiat, See Monfalont.
Momorano, t, Ausfrian States, on the S, coast of
Istria, 28 m, S, S, W, Fiume,
Mompox, t. New Granada, on the Magdalena,
110 (U, S, S.E, Carthagena, and 21 above Uie
confluence ofthe Magdalena and the Cauca. iliOiK
74°ll'W, LatO'ig'^N;

MON
JIfona, Vol de. See Demona Vol.
Mona and Monita, i, e. The Monkey and his
C«i, 2 islands of the W, Indies, in the middle of
the great passage between Hispsuiiola and Porto
Rico, Monacks, p-v, Monroe co. Alabama.
Jtfonaco, a petty principality inthe N. W. of It
aly, in the Sardinian states, bounded by the coun-
ty of Nice, the duchy of Genoa, and the sea. Ex
tent, 55 sq. miles. Until 1792, Monaco was gov
erned by ita own princes. In 1815, it waa plficed
under the Sovereignty of the king of SEirciinia, Pop .
about 6,000,
JIfonaco, the capital of the above principality,
is on a ateep rock, projecting into the sea, 7 m,
W, of Nice, Pop, 1,200,
MonadrUKk, a lofty mountain the S. W, corner
of N, H, between SaSrey and Dublin, Ita base is
5 miles from N, to S, and 3 from E. to W. and its
height is 3,254 above the level of the sea. It may
be seen at the distance of 60 miles in almost every
direction. Monadnock, mt, in the N, E, part of Vt
Monaglian, co, Ireland, inthe province of Ulster,
bbundedN, by Tyrone, E, by Armagh, and S, E,
by East-Meath and Louth, Area, 460 sq, miles.
The sofl is particularly favourable for flax, and
this is the principal crop. The linen manufacture
flouriahes in every quarter of this disfrict,
Monaghan, the capital of the above county, is
40 m. sl W, BeUaat, and 60 N, N, W, DubUn.
Lon, 6° 4ff W, Lat, 54° Iff N,
^Monaghan, t Xork co. Pa. Pop, 725. .
¦ Mohasteer, a-p. Tunia, Africa, 60 m, S, E, Tunia,
Monastervan, t Ireland, in Kildare, on the Bar
row; 32 m,S. W, Dublin,
Monastier, t France, in Upper Loire, 12 m, S,
S,E,LePuy, Pop, 1,800.
Monastir, Toll, or Bistolia, t Eu. Turkey, in
Macedon, 96 m. W. N. W, Salonica. Pop.
15,000. Jtfonos/irsfca, v. A. Ruasia, in Tobokk, 262 m.
E.S.E. Yeniseisk.
Monat, Paint, cape on the E. coast of Gilolo.
Lon. 128° Sff E. Lat. 1" ff N.
Monavar, t Spain, in Valencia, 20 ra. W. Ali
cant Pop. 8,000,
MonbeUet,t France, iu Saqjie-and-Loire, 11 ra.
N, Macon, Pop. 1,300,
Monbercelk, t Piedraont, 35 m, E. S, E. Turin.
Pop. 2,500.
Monblanc, t Spain, in Catalonia, 17 ra, N. Tar-
agpna. Lon, 1° 15'E, Lat 47° 22'N, Pop. 3,600.
Monbrun, t W. Africa, 15 m. S. W: GoUriel.
Monbui, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 18 ra. N. Bar-.
celona. Pop. 2,000.
Moneada, t. Spain, 7 m. N. W. Valencia, Pod,
1,000, ^
Moncaglieri, t. Piedmont, on the Po, 4 m. S, Tu^
rin. Pop, 7,300.
Moncalvo, t. Piedmont, in Montferrat, 30 m, E.
Turin, Pop, 3,300, \
Moncao, t Portugal, in Entre-Minho-e-Douro,
onthe river Minho, Pop, 1,200,
Moncaras, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, on the Gua
diana, 4 m, N, N, W, Murao. Pop, 1,600, '
*: Mo'nceau, t France, in Correze, on the Dor
dogne, 20 m, E, Brives. Pop, 1,500.
Manchaboo, eity of the Birman empire, 50 m, N,
ofUmmerapdora, Lon. 96° 20' E, Lat 22° 46' N
Pop, 4,000,
Monchique, t. Portugal, in Algarva, I'i m, W.
Silves. Pop, 4,800.

Mon

471

Monclar, t, France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, 10'
m, E, S, E, Montauban, Pop, 1,000, — Also a town
in Lot-and-Gsironne, 10 m, 'VV, N, W, Villeneuve
d'Agen,- Pop, 2,000,
Manclova, t Mexico, cap, ofCohahuila, onthe
Rio del Norte, 268 leaguea N, Mexico, Lon, 270°
ffE, Lat 27° 60' N, *
Moncon, t. Spain, in Arragon, at the junction of
the Sofa and Cinca, 25 ra, N, W, Lerida,
Moncontour, t. France, in Cotea-du-Nord, 13 m,
S.St Brieux, Pop. 1,700.
Moncontour, t France, in Vienne, 26 ra, N, N,
W. Poitiera,
Moncooda, Cape, the N, E. point of the ialand of
Banea, Lon. 105° 6ff E. Lat I°2ff S.
1 Moncomet, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m, S. E. Ver-
vins. Pop. 1,300.
Moncorvo, t Portugal, in Tras-los-Montes, near
the Douro, defended by a castle, 68 m. S. by W,
Braganza, Pop, 1,300.
Moncuq, t. France, in Lot, 12 m. S, W, Cahors.
Pop. 2,000,
Moneur's Isles, 3 araall islanda on the S, coaat
of New Holland, 10 ra, S, E. Wilson's proraon
tory, Manda, or Munda, t, Spain, in Granada, 25 m.
W. Malaga.
Mondahu, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atiat*-
tic in lon. 40° 4ff W. lat. 3" IO' S.
Monday, Cape, cape, S. Araerica,. in the a^ita;
of Magellan. Lon, 75" 2ff W, Lat. 53° 12' S,
Mondego, r. Portugal, iu Beira, which falls into.
the Atlantic at Buarcoa.
Mondego, or Embatetieu, r, Paraguay, which
entera the river Paraguay in lat, 20° SO' S,
Mondego, Cape, cape on the W, coast of Portu-t
gal, Lon. 8°5S'^ff' W. Lat40° 12' 6"N.
Mondejar, t. Spain, in New Castile,, 30 m. E^
Madrid. Mondonedo, t. Spain, in GaHcia, It is incloseij
with walls, and is the see of a bishop. 75 m. W.,
Oviedo, 115 N. W.Leon. Lon. 7° Iff W. Lat 43°"
2ffN. Pop, 6,000.
Mondavi, t Piedmont, cap. of the province of
the same name. Il has raanufactures both of
woollen and rauslin, as well as tanneries and iron
forges ; but the chief branch of its industry ia the
spinning of silk. It is the see of a bishop, and the
seat of several seminaries of education, 15 ra, E.
N. E, Coni, 45 S. S, E. Turin, Lon. 7° 56' E. Lat.
44° 24' N. Pop. about 20,000.
Mondragon, t. Spain, in Guipuzcosi, on the De
va. Near the town is a mine of exceUent iron and
native steel, 30 m, S, S. W, SI, Sebastian,
Mondragon^, t. Naplea, in Terra di Lavoro, 23
m. N, W, Naples. Pop. 1,800..
Mondrain Island; ial, oft the S, coaat of New
HoUand. Lon, 122° 14' E, La-t, 34° 8' S,
Moneah, t. Hind, in Bahar, at the junction of
the Saone and Ganges. Lon, 84° Sff E, Lat, 25*
SffN, Moneins, t, France, in Lower Pyreneea, Q m.
W. Pau. Pop, 5,200.
Monestier, t. Franoe, in Upper Alps, 9 ra, N, W,
Briancon. Pop, 2,800.
Monestier, t. France, in Tarn, 11 m, N. Alby.
Pop. 1,300, „
Moneymore, v, Ireland, in Derry, 25 m, S, E.
Londonderry. Monfakone, t Austrian Illyria, on the gulfof
Trieste. Lon. 13° 32' Sff E, Lat 45° 47^ 50" N, Po.^,
1.300.

47?

MON

Monfalont, or Monffiot, t Upper Egypt, on the
Nile. Lat 27° 42' N.
Monfaucon, t France, in Lot, 8 m. S. E, Gour
don, Pop, 1,900,
Monfia, ial, off the E, coaat of Africa, 100 miles
long, and 8 o^ 10 broad, Lat 7° Sff S,
Monflanquin, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne,
,19 m, N, Agen, Pop, 6,000,
Monforte, t, Portugal, in Traa-tos-Montea, 33 m,
W, Braganza,
Monforte, t, Portugal, in Alentejo, 19 m, S, Por
talegre, Mongalku, V. E, Africa, with a country and
town ofthe aame narae, on ita banka. The raouth
ofthe river ia between Quiloa and Cape Delgado,
in lat 10° 7' S,
Mangos. See Manjaus,
Monghir, or Mangier, diatrict. Hind, in Bahar,
between 26° and 28° N- lat on the S, aide of the
Gangea, Mqnghier, properly Moodga-gheree, fort. Hind,
sind cap, of the above diatrict, is on tfae S.
bank of the Ganges, It was taken by the Britiah
forces iu 1763, after a abort aiege, Lou, 86° Sff E ,
Lat, 25° 23' JT,
Mongie, t, France, in Puy-de-Dorae, 25 ra, S, E
Clermont Pop, 1,200,
Mongolia, an extenaive region of Central Asisi,
lying N. and N, W, of ChinEU The country
is traversed by the wandering hordes of that No
madic race which, under the name of Mongols, or
Moguls, has been ao celebrated and formidable in
the annals of Asia, At preaent, tfae Mongola
have loat all this widely extended dominion, and
are aplit into a number of petty states, dependent
on the eraperor of China, The proper limits of
Mongolia are, to the E. tfae country of the Mant-
cfaous ; to the W, the country of tfae Tartars ; on
the S, it is bounded partly by China, and pEirtly by
Turkistan, and on the N, by Asiatic Ruaaia. Near
ly the whole of this imniense territory consists of
a level plain. The Mongola are only nominally
subject to China; but the internal government is
entirely carried on by their native princes. Trib
ute forms the extent of their aUegiance, They
profess Shamanism, or the religion of Fo, Be
sides the Mongols proper, tfae Kalkas, tfae Eluths,
and Burials, are considered aa of the SEirae race,
Mangon, isl. on the coast of Peru. Lat. 9°
4ff S.
Mojigon, Cape, Grand, cape, on the S. coEist of
Hispaniola. Lon. 72° Iff W. Lat. 17" 6ff N,
Mongon, Cape, Petit, the S, point of Hispanio
la, Lon; 72° 20' W, Lat 17° 57' N,
Mongrande, t Piedmont, on the road from Ver
ceUi to Biella, Pop, 3,200,
Mongra^sano, t Naplea, in Calabria Citra, 20
m, N, W, Coaenza,
Monguillem, t. France, in Gera, 17 ra, E, Mont
de Maraan. Pop, 1,400.
Manheim, t. Praasian States, in Clevea-and-
Berg, 9 m, ,S., S, E, Duaaeldorf, Pop, 2,800,
Manheim, t. Bavaria, 56 m. N, N, W, Munich,
Pop, 1,400,
Maniac, t. Franoe, in Lot-and-Garonne, on Uie
Lot Pop, 1,000,
Monikeridam, or Monnikedam, s-p, Netherlands,
on an arm of the Zuyder Zee, 23 tti, N, Amster
dam, ^ Pop, 2,100.
Manishwar, t. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon, 74° Sff
E, Lat 18° 16' N,
Monistrol, t France, in Upper- Loire, 19 m, N,
E, Le Puy, ' Pop, 4,000,

Mon
Monistrol^ t Spain, in Catalonia, 4 m, W, Man-
reaa, Moniy, T, Brazil, which runa into fhe bay of
Maranhao, in lon. 46° 2ff W. lat 2°4ff S. .
Monjes, small ialands in the Spanish Maia. Lon
70° 40' W. Lat 12° N,
Monjous, a people inhabiting the interior of
Eastem Africa, about 700 m. N. E. Mosambique,
Monkey Key, sraall isl, in the bay of Honduras.
Lon, 89° 36' W, Lat 1 6° 26' N.
Mankland, district, Scotland,, in Lanarkshire,
divided into New and Old Monkland, on the Clyde.
8 ra, E. Glasgow. Pop. 11,000.
Monks corner, p-v. Charleston district, S. C,
Monkton, t. Eng, in DurhEun, 4 m, E, by N,
Gateshead, Pop, 3,193,
Monkton, t AnnapoUs co. Nova Scotia, on the
bason of Annapolis, It contains about .60 fami
lies, Monkton, t, Westraoreland co. New Brunswick,
Monkton, p-t Addiaon co, Vt 23 m, S, BurUng
ton, Pop. 1,248. Porcelain clay is fo^d here,
and attempts are making to mEmufacture porcela^
ware, Mankwearmouth-share, hamlet, Eng, in Dur
ham, on the Wear, Pop, 4,264,
Monmouth, co. Eng, on the borders of Wales,
one of the smallest in the kingdom, but distin
guished as a rich Eigricultural, and a great mining
district. It is bounded S. by the Bristol channel,
N, by Hereford and Brecknock, W. by Glamor
gan, E, by Gloucester and Hereford, It abounds
with iron and coal. Numeroua iron worka have
been erected, ^nd within the laat century they
have increased in number and extent with singu
lar rapidity. The principal Eire those at Blena-
von, Nant-y-Glo, Abercom, Pontypool, Caerleon,
&c. Extent, 516 sq. miles. Pop. 62,000.
Monmouth, bor. and t Eng. Eind cap. of Mon
mouth CO. at the confluence of the Moonow and
Wye, 21 m. W. by S. Gloucester, 16 N. Chep
stow, 130 W. by N. London. Lon. 2° 43' W. Lat.
61° 4ff N. Pop. 3,503.
Monmouth, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 17 m, W.
Augusta. Pop. 1,262. '
Monmouth, co. N. J. bounded N. W, by Middle
sex CO, N, by Raritan bay, E. by the AUantic, aud
S, W, by Monmoutii co. Pop. 22,lJjP. Chief
town, Freehold.
Monmouth. See Freehold.
Monmouth, Cape, on the coEist of Patagonia, in
the straits of Magellan, at the entrance of St Se
bastian's sound,
Mannair, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Cana
da, ou the river Sorel, 20 ra. E, iWontreal.
Monnoye, t. France, in Indre-and-Lofre, 14 m.
N, Tours. Pop. 1,600.
Monoblet, v. France, in Gard, 4 m, N. E, St
Hippolyte, Pop, 1,100,
Monoeasy, r, Md, which joins the Potomac about
50 m, above Georgetown,
Mononmji, or JIftmeaniaj/, a territory of Africa,
which, in modem maps, fills all Uie interval be- ,
tween Monomotapa and Congo, No auch empire,
however, ia in exiatenoe. All that we know is,
that there is a tribe cEdled Monjous, about 700 m.
N, E, of Moaambique, The extent of their coun
try ia unknown,
Monongahela, r. which rises at Uie foot offthe
Laurel mountains in Virginia, and, after a course
of 300 mflea, unites witii the Alleghany at Pitts
burg, Pa, to form Ohio river. At ila mouth it is
nearly 400 yarda wide. Here a bridge is thrown

MON

MON

473

across it The Monongahela is navigable for
large boate 60 railea to Brownaville, whence there
is a turnpike, 72 railea long, to Curaberland, on
the Potoraac, Sraall boats proceed to Tygart's
valley, 200 railea frora the mouth of the river,
Monongalia, co, in the N, W, part of Va, Pop,
12,793, Slavea, 351, Chief town, Morgantown,
Monopoli, t Naplea, in the Terra di Bari, on
the Adriatic. Its principal manufacturea are
hempen and cotton stuffs. 26 m. E. S.E. Bari.
Lon. 17° Iff E, Lat, 41° 8' N, Pop. 16,600,
Monpasier, t France, in Dordogne, 25 ra. S, E,
Bergerac, Pop, 1,(X)0,
Monreal, t Spain, in Navarre, 10 m, S, E, Pam
plona, Monreale, t Sicily, 2 ra, W,S,W, Palerrao, Pop,
8,000, Monroe, t HEuico^k co. Maine.
Monroe, or Southfield, p-v. Orange co. N. Y. 19
m, S, Newburg, 60 N. New York. Pop. 2,570, It
contains 2 churches, 1 for Quakers, aud 1 for
Presbyterians. Here are extensive iron works,
called the Auguata works, capable of yielding 200
tons of bar iron yearly,
Monroe, p-v, Sussex co, N, J,
Monroe, co, Va. adjoining Greenbriar co. Pop,
5,444, Slavea, 376. Chieftown, Uniontown, At
the court-house ia a post-oflice,
Monroe. See Fincastle.
Monroe, co. Alabaraa, on the river Alabama.
Chief town. Burnt corn,
Monroe, p-t. and cap. Overton co. Ten,
Monroe, co. Kentucky.
Monroe, co, Ohio, on Ohio river. Chief town,
Woodafield, Monroe, t Aahtabula co, Ohio, 10 m, N, E, Jef
feraon, Monroe, t Butler co. Ohio, 12 m. N. E. Ham
ilton. Monroe, t. Champaign co. Ohio, on Honey
creek, 16 m. fr. Dayton, 12 fr, Springfield.
Monroe, t, Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 ra. N. E. Cara
bridge. Monroe, t Highland co. Ohio,
Monroe, t. Licking co. Ohio,
Monroe, t. Pickaway co, Ohio, 10 m, W, Cir
cleviUe, Monroe, co, Indiana,
Monroe, co. Illinois, on the Misaisaippi, Pop, in
1815, 1,358. Chief town, Harrisonville,
Monroe, co, Michigan Territory,
Monroe, t aud cap. Monroe co, Michigan Ter
ritory, on the river Raisin, 35 m. S, Detroit,
Monroe, t Lincoln co, Missouri.
Monraya, t Spain, in Arragon, 30 m, W, Tor-
tbsa, Mons, t. Netherlands, cap, of Hainault, on the
TrouiUe, It is surrounded by an earthen mound
and ditch, and has, since 1818, receivedadditional
fortifications, which render it one of the princi
pal barrier towns againat France, It ia the only
strong place between Brussels and the French
frontier. It has mEinufactures of woollens, cotton,
Unen, and lace ; and its corarasmd of coal hEis led
also to the eatabUshment of iron foundries, along
with worka for salt, earthenware, oil, and soap.
It communicates with Paris by the canal of St
Quentin. -23 ra. E, N, E. Valenciennes, 36 S. S.
W, Brussels, Lon, 3° 57' E, Lat 60° 27' N, Pop,
20,000. Mons en Pevelle, t, France, in North, 6 ra, N,
N.E, Douay. Pop, 1,200.

Monsanto, t. Portugal, in Beira, 26 m, E, N, E.
Caalel Branco, Pop, 1,000,
Monseag, hay, on the coast of Maine, aeparated
from Sheepscul river by the ialand of Jeremy-
squara, Mansegur, t. France, in Gironde, 32 ra, S, E,
Bourdeaux, Pop. 1,500,
Monselice, I, Austrian Italy, on a navigable ca
nal, 10 ra, S, S. W, Padua. Pop. 9,000.
Monserrat. See Montserrat.
Monsan, p-t Haraden co. Mass. 14 ra. E, Spring
field. Pop, 1,674.
Monsario, edifice on the W. coast of Morocco,
erected as a refuge for travellers, 25 ra, S, Rabat.
Montabaur, t. Germany, in Nassau, 14 ra. E,
Coblentz, Pop, 1,700,
Montagnac, t, France, in Herault, 21 ra, W, S.
W. MontpeUer, Pop. 2,700,
Montagnana, t. Austrian Italy, 20 ra. S. W. Pa
dua, Pop, 6,200,
Montague, t. Greenville co. Up. Canada, i
Montague, p-t Franklin co. Mass. on the E. side
of Connecticut river, opposite Greenfield, with
which it is connected by a bridge. 18 m. N. North
ampton, 90 W, Boston. Pop. 934,
Montague, t Sussex co, N. J. on the Delaware,
Pop, 661.
Montague, p-v, Essex co, Va,
Montague, Cape, cape in Hudson's bay. Lon,
88° W, Lat, 66° N,
Montague Island, isl, near the N, W. coast of
America, at the W, aide of the entrance into Prince
WiUiam'a sound. Lon. 147° to 148° W. Lat 59°
50' lo 60° 30' N,
Montague's Island, sraEiU isl. in the Florida
stream. Lon, 81° 45' W. Lat 24° 42' N,
Montagut, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 22 m,
S, E, Toulouse, Pop, 1,200,
Montaigu, t. France, in La Vendee, 16 ra, S, S.
E, Nantes. Pop. 1,100,
Montaigut, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 28
m. N, W, Montauban, Pop, 4,100,
Montaigut, t. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 27 m,
W. N, W. Clermont, Pop, 1,500,
Montalcino, t. Italy, in Tuscany, 45 m. S, S, E,
Florence. Pop, 2,700,
Montalto, I, Italy, in the Ecclesiastical state, 56
m. N, W. Rome. — It is the name of another town in
the Ecclesiastical stale, 40 ra, S, Ancona ; and of
one in Naples, in Calabria Citra, 10 m, N, N, W.
Cosenza. Pop, 4,600,
Montalvan, t. Spain, in .Arragon, 40 ra. S. E.
Daroca, Montalvao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 108 m. N. E.
Lisbon. Lon. 7° 12' W. Lat. 39° SO' N.
Montanches, t. Spain, in Estremadura, 17 m, N,
Merida. Mont a Peine, fief, Hertford co. Lower Canada,
on the S, side of the St, Lawrence, 7 ra, E, Que
bec. Montoran Islands, small islands in the Eastern
seas, Lon. 108° Sff E, Lat, 2° 27' S,
Montargis, t France, in Loiret, 40 m, E, by N,
Orleans, Lon, 2° 4ff E, Lat, 48" 59' N, Pop,
6,400. Montarin, v. France, in Gard, 12 m. N, Nisraes,
Pop, 1,500.
MontorviUe, seigniory, Kent co. Lower Canada,
10 m, E, Montreal.
Monlastnic, I, France, in Upper Garonne, 12 m.
N. E. Toulouse, Pop. 1,200,
Montauban. t. Fraijce, cap. of Tarn-and-Ga-

60

474

MON

ronue, on the Tarn, It is a regular and well
built town. Ita celebrated Proteatant univer
sity, suppressed in 1629, waa re-establiahed by
by Bonaparte in 1810, and haa four professors of
theology. It ia here, at Strasburg, and at Gene
va, that the young clergy of the French Protea
tant church are educated. The raanufacturea
conaiat of ailk atuffa and atockings, linen, serge,
and other wooUen stuffs. It is the see of a bishop,
restored in 1817, SO ra, N. Toulouse, Lon. 1°
2ff 45" E. Lat, 44° ff 65" N, Pop, 24,600,
Montauban, t France, in lUe-and-Vilaine, Sra.
N. W. Montfort Pop, 2,800,
Montaud, t, France, in Arriege, 12 m. N, W.
Mirepoix. Pop, 1,300, — Another, in Loire, 9 ra.
S. Sl. Etienne. Pop. 2,600.
Montaudain, t France, in Mayenne, 18 ra. W.
N, W, Mayenne. Pop. 1,500,
Montauk Point, the eastern extremity of Long
island, N, Y, in Easthampton, A light-house was
erected here by the national govemraent, in 1796,
at tfae expense of $26,000. Lon. 72° W. Lat.
41" 4' N, ,
Montoull, t. France, in Landes, 6 m. W. S. W.
St Sever, Pop, 1,500.
Montay, t. Switz, iu Valais, 4 m. N. N. E. St
Maurice. Montbort, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 34 m. N. W.
Dijon. Pop. 2,200,
Montbdkt, v. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 11
m. N. Macon, Pop, 1,700.
' Muntbdliard, t. France, in T)oahs. It haa man
ufactures of cotton atuffa and capa; also of watch
es. Pop, 3,700, 10 m, S, S. W, Befort.
Mont-Blanc, the loftieat mountain of Europe,
situated in Savoy, between the vallies of Cha-
raouni smd Entreves, in lon. 6° 44' 37" E. Lat 45°
4r52''N- Its elevation is between 15,000 and
16,000 feet. The following measurements, partly
trigonometrical, partly barometrical, are reckon
ed the most accurate : by M. Deluc, 15,300 feet
above tl^e level of the aea; sir George Schuck-
btirgh, 15,400; M. Fictet, 15,520; M, Saussure,
15,670 ; M. TraUes, 15,780. The view from the
top of Mont-Blanc is iramense, extending to a
distance of more tfaan 150 miles around.
Montboissiers, v. France, in Puy-de-Dome, 14
at. S. E. Issoire, Pop. 1,600,
Montbrison, t. France, cap. of Loire, 40 m. S. S.
W. Lyons, Fop. 5,200-
Montbrun, t. Franoe, in Two-Sevres, 6 m. E.
Thouars. Pop, 1,300,
Montcenis, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 12
ra, S, Autun. Pop. 1,100,
Montchomps, t. France, in Calvados, 11 m, N,
E, Virc, Pop, 1,600.
Montcoutant, t France, in Two-Sevres, 20 ra,
W, by N, Partfaenay, Pop, 1,800.
Mont Dauphin, t. France, in Upper-Alps, 16
m. S. Briancon,
Mont de Marsan, t. France, cap, of Landes,
near the confluence of the Mi and the Douze, 72
m. S, Bourdeaux. Pop, 4,500,
Montdidier, t. France, in Somme, 18 m, S, E.
Amiens. Pop. 4,200.
Mont d'Or, a lofty mountain of France, in Puy-
de-Dorae, belonging lo the Auvergne chain.
Height 6,700 feet 25 m. S. W. Clermont,
Mont Doubkau, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher,
SO m. N. N, W, Bloia, Pop, 1,800.
Montdrogon, t. France, in Vaucluae, 1 1 m. N.
N. W. Orange. Pop. 1,800,

MON
Monte Agudo, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 16 m, N,
E.Medina CeU,
Monte Alegre, I. Portugal, in Traa-los-Montea, IS
m, W. Chavea.
Montebello, t Austrian Italy. Il was the scene
of an engagement between the French and Aus
trians in Septeraber 1796, 20 m, E, N. E. Verona
Pop. 1,500.
Montebourg, t. France, in Csdvados, 4 m, S, E,
Valognes, Pop, 2,400,
Montecalvo, t, Naples, in Principato Ultra, 10 m
E, N,E, Benevento, Pop. 4,500.
Monte Castello, t. Sardinia, on the Tanaro, near
Alessandria. Monte Castello, t. Italy, in the States ofthe
Church, 18 m. W. by N, Spoleto,
Montecchio, t. Italy, in the EcclesiEistical States,
22 m, S. S, W, Ancona.
Montecchio, t Italy, in Modena, 10 m. S. S. E,
Parma. Montech, t. France, in Tam-and-Garonne, on
tfae Garonne, 28 m. N. by W. Toulouse. Pop,
2,300. Montechiaro, t. Austrian Italy, on the Chiese,
10 ra, S. E, Brescia, Pop, 6,000.
Monte Chiaro, t Piedraont, 10 ra, N. by W. Asti,
Pop. 1,900,
Monte Chiarugok, t. Italy, in Parma, 9 m. S, S,
W. Parmsi,
Monte Christi, t. Quito, 110 m, N, W, Guya-
quU, Lon, 81° ff W, Lat 1° S.
Monte Christi, cape, bay, and t on the N, aide
of St Domingo, The cape is in lon. 71° 44' W,
lat 19" 54' N, Pop. of the town, 3,000,
Monte Christi River. See Yaqui.
Monte Christo, isl, near the N. W. coastof Ita
ly, belonging to Tuscany, 30 m. S. Porto Ferrajo.
Lon. 10° 18' 10"E. Lat 42° 20' 26" N.
Montecucoli, t Italy, 21 m. S. Modena.
Monte del Buchan, cape, on the N. W. coast of
America. Lon. 239° 29' E. Lat 35° Iff N.
Monte de la Virgine, t. Naples, neEir Benevento.
Monte Falco, t. Italy, in Uie States of the Church,
12 m. N.by W. Spoleto.
Montefaleone, t Naples, 18 ra. N. E. Molise.
Pop. 2,400.
Montefaleone, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 9
m. N. N. E. A vellino. Pop. 3,600.
Monte-Fiascone, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, SOm. N. N. E. Rome. Pop. 3,000.
Monte Filippa, t Tuscany, near the sea, 4 m.
S, E, Orbilello.
Manteforle, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 18 m,
S. S, W, Benevento. Pop, 3,500.
Monte-Foscoli, or Monle-Fusco, t Naples, in
Principato Ultra, 7 ra. S. S. E, Benevento. Fop,
2,700. Montegaldo, t. Austrian Italy, 7 m, N. W, Pa
dua, Monleglio, t. Piedmont, 20 m. W, by N, Turin,
Pop, 2,600,
Montego Bay, on the N. coast of Jamaica, Lon,
77° 52' W, Lat. 18° Sff N,
Montego Bay, s-p, JaniEiica, on Uie N, coast,
Lon, 77°'50' W. Lat 18° 29' N.
Montego Key, small isl, in the bay of Honduras,
Lon. 88° 4ff W. Lat, 17" 50' N.
Monte Guasco, or Monte Ciriaea, promontory,
on the E, coast of Italy, near Ancona,
Montegut sur Cliampeix, t. France, in Puy-de-
Dome, 6 ra, S, Clermont Pop, 1,500,
Montejean, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on
the Loire. Pop, 1,600,

MON
Mantejo, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 44 m. N. E.
Segovia. Pop, 1,800.
Monte Leone, t Naplea, in Calabria Ultra, near
the guU" of Eufemia. It was almost entirely over
thrown by the great earthquake of 1783, It ia the
see of a bishop. 12 ra. N. N. E. Nicotera, 25 S.
W. SquiUace. Pop. 8,000.
Monte Leone, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 9 m.
N. Benevento. Pop. 2, 100,
Manidimart, t. FrEmce, in Drome, at the junc
tion of the Jabron and Roubion, on the left side of
the Rhone, 50 ra. N, Avignon, 10O S, Lyons. Pop.
6,400, Montella, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, Pop,
5,800, Montdlier, t. France, in Drorae, 6 ra, E, Va
lence, Pop, 1,100.
Moniellupo, t Italy, in Tuscany, on the Arno, 11
m. W, S, W. Florence.
Montdoves, city. New Spain, in lon, 103° SO' W.
lat 26" 34' N, Pop, 3,500.
Monte-maggiore, t, Sicily, 25 ra, S, E, Palermo,
Pop. 4,000,
Moritemagna, t Sardinian states, 14 ra, S, Ca
sale, Pop, 2,200,
Montemorana, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 40
m, E, Naplea, Pop. 1,800,
Monte Mayor, f.. Spain, in Salaraanca, 38 ra, S,
E, Ciudad Rodrigo.
Montemigliano, or MontmeUan, t. Sardinism
statea, in Savoy, 22 m. N. E. Grenoble. Pop.
1,000. Mantemiletto, t. Naplea, in Principato Ultra, 12
m. E. Benevento, Pop, 2,100,
Monte Milone, t Italy, in the States of the
Church, 6 ra, W, S. W. Macerata,
Montemor o Nova, t. Portugal in Alentejo, 55 m,
E, Liabon, Lon, 8° 6' W. Lat 38° SffN, Pop,
4,000, Montemor a Velha, t. Portugal, in Beira, 108 m,
N, bv E, Liabon. Lon. 8° Sff W. Lat 40" 7' N.
Pop, 4,000,
Mantenach, or Mantagny, t. Switz, in Friburg,
2 m. E. Payerne.
Montenegro, a raounlEiinoua district on the W,
frontier of Eu, Turkey, having Albania to the S.
and Herzegovina to the N, Extent, 3,000 square
miles. The inhabitants, amounting to 40,000, are
a rude and uncivilized race, much given so rob
bery. They bear an extreme haired to the Turks,
and frequently corarail depredationa on them.
Though included by the Turks in the pachalic of
Scutari, .Montenegro has for more than a century
withdrawn its allegiance,
Monte Negro, or Monte Neros, district in the N.
part of Syria, bordering on Caramania.
Montenotte, mountain in the N. W. of Italy, 8
m, frora the coast, and 20 W. Genoa.
Montepelosa, t Naples, in BasiUcata, 18 m. N.
W. Matera. Pop. 5,800. It ia the see of a bishop.
Monte Reale, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 18
m. N. N. W. Aquila.
Mantereau-fauU Yonne, t France, in Seine-and-
Marne, at the junction ofthe Seine and the Yonne,
12 ra. N. E. NeraourS, Pop, 3,500,
Monterey, t Spain, in GaUcisi, 23 ra. S. E.
Orenae. Monte-Rossi, t. Ecclesiastical State, half way
between Rome and Viterbo.
Monte Rolando, t. Italy, in the States of the
Church, on the Tiber, 11 ra, N, N,Ei Rorae,
Monterrey, a bay on the W. coast of N. Ameri-

MON

475

ca, between Capes Finos and Anno Nuevo, 22
milea apart Lat. 36" 36' N.
Montesa, t. Spain, in Valencia, 9 m, W, S, W,
San Felippe. Pop. 800.
Monte St. GiuHano, t, Sicily, in Val di Mazzara,
20 m, S, Trapani, Pop. 6,600,
Montesono, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 20 m.
N . N, E. Policastro. Pop. 4,600,
Monte Santo, Gulfof, gulf of the Archipelago,
jn Macedon. Mount Athos forms the N. E. aide of
the gulf, Lon, of the entrance, 24° 10' E, Lat.
40" N.
Monte Sanio, t Italy, in the Statea ofthe Church,
16 m. S. Ancona.
Monlesarckio, t Naples, in Principato Ultra, 25
m, E. N. E. Naples, Pop. 5,600.
Monte Scagliaso, t, Naples, in BasUicata, 7 m.
S. Matera.
Monte Sirica, t. Naples, in Baailicata, 1 6 m, 8,
Minervino, Montesquiau, t. France, in Upper-Garonne, ob
the oanal of Languedoc, 16 ra, S, S. E, Toulouse.
Pop. 1,500,
Montesquiau, t France, in Gera, 4 m. W, N, W.
Mirande, Pop, 1,800,
Montesquiau de Volvestre, t, France, in Upper
Garonne, 33 m, S, Toulouse. Pop, 2,800,
Mantevarchi, t. Tuscany, 25 ra, S. E, Florence.
Monteverde, t. Naplea, in Principato Ultra, 50
ra. E, N. E, Salerno, Pop, 2,100,
Monte Video, t, S. Araerica, in Buenos A3rres,
on the N, side of the river Plata, in a small bay,
20 leaguea W, of Cape Santa Maria, and entirely
waUed round. The harbour, although shallow,
and quite open to the western winds, which blow
witfa incredible fury over the vast plains of tliein-
terior, is the best in the Rio de la Plata. The
town occupies the whole of a peninsular promon
tory, that forms the eastern point of tfae harbour.
The fortifications are to the north ; lltey are regu
lar works, built of atone, inclosing the whole of
the peninsula. The chief trade is in hidea, tallow,
and dried beef In 1817, Monte Video was taken
by the Portuguese, who claim the whole country
E, of the Plata- 120 m, E, N, E. Buenos Ayres.
Lon, 56° 14' 3ff' W, Lat. 34° 54' 48" S. Pop, be
tween 15,000 and 20,000, consisting of Spaniards,
Creoles and slaves,
Monkux, t, France, in Vaucluse, 9 m, N, E,
Avignon, Pop. 3,300,
Mantesuma, v. in Mentz, Cayuga co, N. Y, on
the Erie canal, 12 m. N, W, Auburn, 96 W.
Utica, Montfaucon, t. FVance, in Mouse, 10 m, N. Cler
mont, Pop, l',100,
Montfaucon, t. France, in Upper-Loire, 9 m, S,
E, lYIonistrol, Pop, 1,300.
Mont-Ferrond, t. France, in Auvergne, 2 m. N.
E. Clermont. Pop, 4,000,
Montferrat, a duchy in the N. of Italy, forming
a part of the Sardinian states, and bounded by
Piedmont, Genoa, and the Milanese, Extent, 900
sq. mfles. Pop'. 186,000.
Montferrier, t. France, in Arriege, 9 m. E, N, E.
Tarascon. Pop. 1,200.
Monlfaort, t Netherlands, on the Yssel, 8 ra. S.
W. Utrecht Pop, 1,900, -
Montfort, t France ,in Gers, 18 ra. N. E, Auch.
Pop. 1,200,
Montfort, t. France, in Landes, 9 ra, S, Tartas,
Pop, 1,400,
Montfort la Canne, t. France, in lUe-and- Vil
laine, 14 m, W. Rennes, Pop, 1,200,

476

MON

Montfort VAmaury, t. France, in Seine-and-
Oise, 28 m, W, Paris, Pop, 2,700,
Montfrin, t. France, in Gard, 14 ra, N,E, Nisraes,
Pop, 2,000,
Montgaillard, t France, in Arriege, 3 m, S, E,
Foix, Pop, 1,000,
Montgaillard, t. France, in Landes, 6 ni, E, St,
Sever, Pop, 2,400,
Montgiscard, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on
the canal of LEmguedoc, 12 m. S, S, E, Toulouse,
Pop, 1,000,
Montgomery, a county of Wales, bounded by
Shropshire on the E, by Merioneth and Cardigan
shire on the W, Radnorshire on the S, and Den
bigh and Merioneth on the N, Extent, 492,000
acres, or 768 sq, miles. It is estimated that there
are about 60,000 acres of arable land, 180,000 in
pasture, and about 250,000 in waste, including
woodlands and other plantations. Pop, in 1811,
61,963, Montgomery, borough, Walea, aud cap. of Mont
gomeryshire, is near the Severn, 26 m, S, W,
Hereford, Lon. 3° 8' W, Lat 62° 34' N, Pop,
932. '
Montgomery, p-t, Franklin co. Vt, 39 m. N, E.
Burlington. Pop, 237,
Montgomery, t Hampden co. Mass. 10 m. W. N.
W, Springfield. Pop, 695.
Montgomery, co. N.Y. on Mohawk river, in
cloaed by the counties of Harailton, Saratoga,
Schenectady, Schoharie, Otsego, and Herkimer.
Pop, 41,906, Chieftown, Johnstown,
Montgomery, t. Orange co. N. Y. 12 ra. W. New
burg, 12 N. Goshen, 70 fr. New York. Pop. 4,710.
It contains an acaderay and 8 housea of public
worahip. Montgomery, t. Somerset co. N. J. Pop. 2,282.
Montgomery, co. Pa. inclosed by the counties of
Bucks, Philadelphia, Delaware, Chester, and
Berks. Pop?29,703. Chieftown, Norristo-wn.
Montgomery, p-t. Montgomery co. Pa, 17 m, N-
Pfailadelphia. Pop. 580.
Montgomery, t. Franklin co. Pa. Pop, 2,693,
Montgomery, co. Md, on the Potoraac. Pop,
17,980, Slaves, 7,672, Chief town, Rockville,
At the court-house is a poat-ofSce, 16 ra. from
Washington, Montgomery, co. Va. S. of Botetourt oo. Pop,
8,409, Slaves, 1,099. Chief town, Christians
burg, At the codrl-house is a post-office,
Monlgamery, co. N, C. Pop, 8,430, Slaves,
1,696. Chief town, Henderson.
Montgomery, co. Geo. on the Oconee, at its
junction with the Oakmulgee. Pop. 2,954. Slaves,
747. , Chieftown, Vernon.
Montgomery, co. Alabama, on Alabama river.
Montgomery, co. Tennessee, on Cumberland
river. ' Pop. 8,021. Slaves, 2,629. Chief town,
Clarkesville. Montgomery, co. Ken. on Licking river. Pop.
12,975. Slaves, 1,767, Chieftown, Mount Ster
ling, ,
Montgomery, co, Ohio, on Miami river. Pop. iu
1815, 13,735, Chiel town, Dayton,
Montgomery, I, Franklin co. Ohio, Pop, in 1819,
1,800, In this township is Columbus, the capital
of the State.
Montgomery, p-t Hamilton co. Ohio, 14 m, N.E.
Cincinnati. Montgomery, co, Missouri.
Montgomeryvilk, p-t Gibson co, Indiana.
Mantguyon, I, France, in Lower Chfu-ente, 6 m.
S. E. Montlieu. Pop, 1,300.

MON
Monthureux sur Saon,e t France, in Vosges, on
the Saone, 4 ra. S, S, W. Daraey. Pop, 1,400.
Monticello, p-v. in Thorapson, SulUvan co. N.Y,
38 ra, from Newbury, 22 from Delaware river.
Monticello, the seatof the Hon. Thomas Jef-
FERSow, late President of tfae U. States, m Albe
marle CO. Va, 2 ra. S. E. CharlotteaviUe. Lon,
78°4ffW. Lat38°ffN.
Monticello, p-v. Fairfield co. S. C.
Monticelk, p-t and cap. Jasper co, Geo. 32 m,
N. W. MiUedgevUle. Here is an academy.
Monticelk, p-t. Lawrence co. and cap, of Mi^
sissippi, on Pearl river, 90 ra. E. Natchez. Lon,
90° W. Lat 31° Sff N. Its situation is elevated and
health}'. Monticelk, p-t, and cap. Wayne co. Ken. about
halfway between Curaberland river and the Ten
nessee boundary. It contsiina about 50 houses, a
court-houae and church. LeEid has been lately
found in the neighbourhood,
Monticello, p-v. Lawrence co, Arkansaw Terri
tory. Manlier, t France, in MoaeUe, 20 m. S, Bar sur
Ornain. Pop. 1,300.
Manlier en Der, t. France, in Upper-Mame, 12
m, S. St Dizier. Pop. 1,500.
Montieri, t TuscEray, 18 m. S. W. Sienna.
Montignac le Comte, t France, in Dordogne, 21
ra, E, S, E. Perigueux. Pop. 2,600.
Montigny, t Fi-Emce, in Somme, 9 m. S. hy W,
Montdidier. Pop. 1,000.
Montigny, t. France, in Mayenne, 4 m. from La
val. Pop, 1,100,
Montigny le Roi, t, France, iu Upper Mame, oa
the Maese, 15 m, N, E. Langres. Pop. 1,100.
Mantija, t. SpEun, in Esfremadura, near the Gua
diana, 15 ra. W. Merida. Pop. 3,000.
Mantilla, t. Spain, in AndEdusia, 18 m, S, S, £,
Cordova, 53 W, N, W, Granada, Pop, 6,300,
Monlilly, v. Frsmce, in Ome, 2 m. S. W. Conde.
Pop. 1,500.
Montik, t France, in Lower Charente, 5 m. S,
Saintes. Pop. 1,500.
Montivilliers, t. France, in Lower Seine, 6 m, N,
E, Havre. Pop. 4,000.
Montjoie, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12 S,
W,Agen. Pop. 900.
Monnoye, t. Prussian Statea, 16 m. S. S. E, Aix-
la-Chapelle, Pop. 3,200.
Mantdhery, t France, in Seine-and-Oise, IS m.
S.E, VersaiUes. Pop, 1,500,
Montlauis, t France, in Indre-and-Loire, 3 m,
E, Tours, Pop. 3,000,
Mont Louis, t France, in Upper Pyrenees, It
is regulEirly built, Eind haa a citadel consfructed
by Vauban, 21 ra, S, W, Prades, Pop, 1,100,
Montlucon, t, France, in AUier, on the Cher, 65
m, N, N. W, Clermont Pop, 5,700,
Montmarault, t. France, in Allier, 22 m, S, W,
Moulins, Pop, 900.
Manlmartin en Graigne, t France, in La Man
che, 9 m. N. Sl. Lo. Pop. 1,200.
Montmartre, v. France, immediately to the N.
of Paris, ou a hill which commands a great part of
that city. Pop, 1,300,
Montmaur, v. France, in Aude, 6 m. N, W, Cas-
telnaudary. Pop, 1,000,
Monlmedtj, t, France, inMeuse, 22 m. N.Verdun,
30 W, S, W. Luxemburg, Pop, 2,000,
Montmcrle, t. France, in Ain, on the Saone, 22
in, S. E, BeUeviUe, Pop, 1,200,
Montmirail, t. France, in Marne, 33 m, S, W,
Chalons sur Marne, This was the scene of an ac"

MON

MON

477

''ion between the French Emd EilUea, chiefly Rus
sians, I2Ui February 1814.
Montmirail, t France, in Sarthe, 27 m. S. E.
Mamers. Pop. 800.
Montmorenci, r. Canada, which falla into the St,
Lawrence, about seven miles below Quebec, re
markable for its beautiful faUs, The river runs
in a very irregulEU' course, through a wild and
thickly wooded counfry, over a bed of broken
rocks, tiU it comes lo the brink of a precipice,
down which it descends in one uninterrupted and
nearly perpendiculEO- fall of 240 feet. The breadth
ofthe river at the top, frombEink to bsmk, is only
about 60 feet,
Montmorency, t France, in Seine-Eind-Oise, Sra,
N, Paris, Pop, 1,800.
Montmorency, t France, in Aube, 23 m. N.
Troyes. Pop. 1,600.
Jtfo7i/inori//on, t France, in La Vienne, 246 ra. S.
W. Paria. Pop. 4,400.
Montoire, t France, in Loire Inferieure, 30 m.
W. Nantea. Pop. 3,200.
Montoire, t France, in Loir-and-Cher, on the
Lofr, 9 m. S. W. Vendome. Pop. 2,300.
Jtfom/o/-ie«, t France, in Aude, 8 m, N, W, Car
cassonne, Pop. 1,500.
Montana, t. Austrian States, in Istria, 22 m. B.
by E. Trieste. Pop. 1,000.
Montaro, t Spain, in Andalusia, on the Gua
dalquivir, 15 m, E. Andujar, Pop, 4,000.
Mentoumois.,t, France, in La Vendee, 17 m. N.
Fontenay. Pop. 1,800.
MontpeUer, a large smd ancient t in the south of
France, cap. of Herault, between the rivers Mas-
son and Lez. The aquarea are numerous, but none
are spacious or elegant The Place du Peyron is
outside ofthe to'wn, and ia aaid to be the fineat pub
Uc walk in Europe. The view enjoyed from it
extends to the S. W. as fsir as the Pyreneea. Wa
ter ia conveyed to thetown from a dialErace of three
leaguea by a magnificent Romsm aqueduct, com
poaed of-tteree rowa of archea. MontpeUer has
long been the seat of a celebrated university, par
ticularly famous for its achool of medicine. This
still subsists under tfae name of an academy. The
principal trade is in wine. A brisk trade is also
carried on in verdigris, which is manufactured
here in immense quantities. 32 ra. W. S. W. Nis
mea, 100 W. N, W, Maraeillea, Lon, 3° 52' E
Lat 43° 36' N, Pop, 33,000,
MontpeUer, p-t, Washington co. Vermont, and
capital ofthe State, is on the N. side of Onion riv
er, 34 ra, E, S, E, Buriington, 56 N, N, W. Wind
sor, 120 S. E, Montreal, 160 N, W, Boaton, Lon
72" 4ff W, Lat, 44° 17' N, II is surrounded by
hiUs, but is a great thoroughfare, the travel going
through il in aU directions. It contains a state-
house, court-house, jail, acaderay, and in 1810
1,877 inhabitants. '
MontpeUer, the seat ofthe Hon. James Madi
son, late President of the U, States, in Oranse co
Va, 20 m, N, E, Monticello,
MontpeUer, p-v. Richmond co. N, C,
Mont-Perdu, a very lofty mountain in the Py
renees, on the frontier between France and Spain,
It has a double sumrait, ofwhich the higfaer ia cora
puted at 10,700 feet, the second at 10,400,
Montpeyroux, t France, in Herault, 14m. E.S
E, Lodeve, Pop. 3,000,
Montpezat, t. France, in Taru-and-'Garonne, 14
m. N, N, E, Montauban, Pop. 2,700.
Montpesat^t France, in Ardeche, 22 ra. W, Pri
vas, Pop, 2,400.

Manlpincan, t, France, in La Manche, 6 m. E,
Coutances, Pop, 2,400,
Montpont, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 8 m,
S, S, W , Louhans, Pop, 2,200,
Montport, t France, in Dordogne, SO m, S, W.
Perigeux, Pop, 1,300,
Mont Pukiano, I, Tuscany, It is the aee of a
bishop, Tfae wine made faere is accounted the
best in Tuacany, 60 m, S, S. E, Florence, Pop,
7,300, Montreal, t. France, in Aude, 9 m. W. Carcasr
aonne. Pop, 3,200,
Montreal, t France, in Gers, 7 m, W, Condom.
Pop.- 1,800.
Montreal, t. Spain, in Arragon, 26 ra, N, Alba-
racin, Montreal, t. Lower Canada, on the S. side of the
island of Monfreal, in the river St, Lawrence, the
second town of the province in size, but the
first in coramercial iraportsince. The houses are,
for the most part, built of a greyish atone, many of
them large, handaorae, and in a modem style.
Sheet iron or tin is tfae universal covering of the
roofs. Among the public institutions, are the Ho
tel Dieu, establiahed in 1644, for the purpoae of
administering reUef to the destitute sick, and con
ducted by a superior and 36 nuna, who attend and
nurae the patients ; the convent of Notre Dame,
coraposed of a superior and 60 aiatera, for the in
struction of femalea in all the necessary branches
of their education ; the general hospital, or con
vent ofthe Grey Sisters, a refuge for invalids and
the aged poor, . The cathedral church in tfae Place
d'Armes, is alEurge substantial stone building, iu
wfaich no great taste is displayed, the heigfat not
being in due proportion.
The serainary of St, Sulpice ia a very respectable
inatitution, eatabliahed by the French in 1657 ; it
has several able professors, and a considerable
nuraber of students. A new college has been re
cently erected, aa an appendage to the seminary,
at an expense of more than 10,000/. There is no
English college in Canada, but a foundation for one
has been laid by the Hon. James M'GiU, who died
in 1814, and bequeathed 10,000/, besidea a hand
aome real estate, for endowing a college, provided
it should be erected within 10 years. The court
house in Notre Dame-atreel, ia a plain handsorae
building. At tfae upper end of the new raarket
place is a handaorae raonuraent erected in honour
of lord Nelson,
Montreal is the grand depot ofthe N, W, com
pany, whose fur trade ia of vaat extent and impor
tance. It ia Edso the channel tfarough which is car
ried on tha comraerce between Canada and the
United Stales, The harbour ia not large, but al-
waya aecure for shipping. The general depth of
the water is frora 3 to 44 fathoras, with very good
anchorage every where between the Market-gale
island and the shore. The greatest disadvantage
to this harbour ia the rapid of St. Mary, about a
mile below it, whose current is so powerful, that
without a strong north-easterly wind, ahips cannot
stem it, and are sometimes detained even for
weeks, about two railes only from the place where
they are to deliver tbeir freight. This town was
taken by the EngUsh, under the command of Gen,
Amherst, in the year 1760. In 1775, it was taken
by the Araericans, under Gen. Montgomery, but
soon after evacuated, 120 m, S. W, Quebec, 220
N. by W. Boston, 286 N. E, Niagara, Lon, 73°
Sff W. Lat 45° 31' N, Pop, in 1815, 15,000, and
in 1820, estimated at 20,000.

478

MON

MOO

Montreal, isl. Lower Canada, at the confluence
ofthe Grand or Ottawa river with the St Law
rence, ,It forms the county of Montreal, and is of
a friangular shape, 32 miles long by IOJ broad.
The riviere de Prairie separatea it on the N, W,
frora the Isle Jesus, The soil is highly productive in
grain of every apeciea, vegetablea and fruita of va
rioua kinds,
Montreal, a district of Lower Canada, bounded
N. E. by the diatrict of Three Rivera, S. by the
states of New- York and Verraont, S, W, by Upper*
Canada and the Grand or Ottawa river. It con
taina the countiea of York, Eflinghara, Leinater,
Warwick, Huntingdon, Kent, Surry, Bedford,
Richelieu, and Montreal,
Montreal Bay, bay, Canada, on the E, side of
Lake Superior. Lon, 84° Sff W, Lat 47° Iff N.
Montreal, r, N, W, Territory, which flows into
Lake Superior, 63 m, W, of the mouth of the On-
tanagon. It interlocks with the Chippeway, a
branch of the Mississippi ; but the connexion ia
interrupted by long portEiges.
Montredan, t France, in Tarn, 28 m, S, E, Cas
tres, Pop. 2,600,
Montrejeau, t France, iu Upper Garonne, at
the conflux of the Neste and Garonne, 9 m, E, St,
Gaudens, Pop. 2,600.
Montrevaux, t. Frsince, in Maine-and-Loire, on
the Lofre, 13 m. N, N. W. ChoUet Pop. 1,000,
Montrevel, t. France, in Ain, 12 ra, N, W, Bourg,
Pop. 1,300.
Montreuil, t. FrEmce, 20 ra, S, E, Boulogne, Pop.
3,400, Montreuil, t France, 6 m, E. Paris. Pop,
3,200. Montreuil Bellay, t France, in Maine-and-Loire,
12 ra. S. W. Saumur. Pop. 1,600,
MontTCuil hors Viroflay, v. France, in Seine-
and-Oise,' near Versailles. Pop, 1,700-
Mantreux, v. Swisa canton of Vaud, 4 m, E, Ve
vay, Montrichord, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, on
the Cher, 16 m, S, Bloia, Pop, 1,800,
Mantricaux, I, FrEmce, in Tarn-and-Garonne,
15 ra, E, by N. Montauban, Pop- 1,300,
Monlrigaud, t. France, in Drorae, 12 m, N, N,
E, Romana, Pop, 1,400.
Montrol Savart, t. France, inChEU-ente, 14 m, E,
Confolena, Pop, 3,400,
Montrose, a royal burgh and seaport, ScoUand,
near the mouth of the South Esk, on a flat sandy
peninsula, formed by the river and the Gerraan
ocean. The harbour of Montrose is very deep and
coramodious, and flne quays have been lately erect
ed. In 1819, the amount of registered shipping at
this custom-house was 147 vesaela, 12,058 tons,
and 900 men. These are chiefly employed in the
coasting and Baltic trade, and several in the whale
fishery. The principal manufacture is linen ; and
the sheeting and sailcloth manufactures are car
ried on lo a great extent The salmon fishing has
long been carried on ; and of late ytars that of cod
has greatly increased. But the most important
branch ofthe export trade of Montrose is corn. 12
m, N. Arbroath, and 37 S, Aberdeen. Lon, 2" 10'
W. Lat 56° 34' N, Pop, 8,000,
Montrose, p-t, and cap, Suaquehannah co. Pa,
Moiitrose, t Cumberland co, N, C,
Montrottier, t France, in Rhone, 17 ra. W. Ly
ons, Pop, 1,600,
Montrouis, t, St, Domingo, at the head of the
Bight of Leoganr, 6 leaguea S, E, St, Mark, 16
N, W.of Portau Prince,

Monts, t. Franoe,*in Loir-Emd-Cher, 6 m, S, E
Bios, Pop, 1,700, "
Mont St. Jean, hamlet, Netherlanda, very near
the acene of the battle of Waterloo.
Mont St. Jean, t. France, in Sarthe, on the
Sarthe, 9 ra, E, Beauraont le Vicomte, Pop,
2,000, Mont St. Michel, v. France, in la Manche, 6 m,
S, W, Avranchea, Lon, 1° Sff 26" W, Lat 48°
38° 14' N, Pop, 250,
Mont St. Sulpice, v. France, in Yonne, 6 m, S,
W, St. Florentine, Pop, 1,000.
Montsauche, t. FrEiuce, in Nievre, 14 ra. N. E,
Chateau-Chinon, Pop. 1,300.
Montsaugeon, t. France, in Upper Marne, 17
m, S, Langrea.
Montserrat, or Monserrat, a great mountain of
Spain, in Catalonia, remarkable for ita hermitag
es, and a rich monastery of Benedictines. It is
about 24 railea in cfrcuraference, Emd consists of
an asserablage of conicEd hiUa, rising above each
other, and attaining a height of more than 3,009
feet above the level of the sea. 28 dl N. W. Bar
celona. Montserrat, ial. West Indies, 9 mfles long, aud
containing 30,000 acres, of which almost two-
thirds are very mountainous, or very barren. It
belonga to the English, and contains 1 1,000 inhab-
ilEinta, of whora 10,000 are blacks. As to its cli
mate, soil, animals, and coraraerce, it resembles
the other English CEU-ribee islands. Lon. 61° 6'
W, Lat 16° 45' N.
MonUeslin, t. Piedmont, 3 m, S. E. Crescentino,
SE.Verua. Mont Sereroux, v. France, in Isere, 9 m, S, E,
Vienne, Mmitsoreau, t. France, in MEiine-and-Loire, on
the Loire, 14 ra. E. S, E. Saumur. Pop, 800.
Montville, p-t, Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m, N, £.
Wiacasset Pop. 864.
Montville, t New-London co. Ct on the W,
bank of the Tharaes, 7 ra. above its raouth, 35 fr,
Hartford, Pop, 2,187. It contains 3 houses for
public worship.
Montuosa, small ial. in the Pacific, near the coast
of Mexico, Lon, 83° Sff W, Lat 8° Iff N.
Monument, bay on the E. coast of Massachusetts
bay, in Plymouth county,
Monyoro-kerek, or Ebravn, t. Hungary, 76 m,
S, ViennEu
Monso, anciently Madoetia, t Austrian Italy,
on the Lambro, One of its churches contains,
araong other curioaities, the iron crown of the
kingdom of Lombardy. Ch;u-lemagne was crown
ed here with it in 774. Bonaparte followed this
exaraple in 1806. 8 m, W. Milan. Pop, 10,600,
Monzambano, t AuatriEiu Italy, on the Mincio,
14 ra. N. N. W. Mantua.
Mansingen, t. GerniEiny, iu Hesse-Homburg, 14
ra, W, Creutznach, Pop, 800,
Monsan, t Spain, in Arragon, on the Cinca, 8
m. S. Barbastro, Pop, 3,200,
Moodgul, district, Hind, iu Bejapore, between
16° and 17" N, lat, and on the S, side of Uie Krish
na river, belonging to the Nizam.
Moodus, small r, Middlesex co, Ct which flows
into Salmon river. About 2 railes from its source
is a perpendicular faU of 70 feet
Mooers, t. Clinton co, N, Y, bordering on Cana
da, Pop, 311,
Mooltan, or Moultan, a province of Hind, be
tween 28° and 31° N, lat bounded N, by Lahore

MOO

M O R

479

and Afghanistan, W, by Baloochistan, S, by Aj
meer and Sinde, and E, by Lahore and Ajmeer,
The northern and eaatern diatricta of thia province
are extreraely fertile, being watered by the rivers
of the Punjab, To the west of the Indus it is
aterfle. The nabob of Mooltan is obliged to pay
tribute to the Afghana, Seika, and rulcra of Sinde,
The population consists of Afghans, Jats, and oth
er Hindoo fribes,
Mooltan, tiie capital of the above-mentioned
province, ia about 4 ra, S, E, of tfae Chenab, or
Aceainies river. It ia surrounded by a fine waU,
forty feet high, with towera at regular dialancea,
and four miles in circumference, 11 is famous for
ita silks and carpets. Here are 2 tomba of Ma-
horaelan sainta, which are visited annually by raa
ny thousands of pilgrims from all parts of India,
Lon, 71° Iff E, Lat, 30° Sff N,
Moon, t Alleghany co. Pa, Pop, 1,622,
Moon, Mountains of the. See Kumri, Gebel.
Moor, t, Hungary, 15 ra, N, N, W, Stuhl-Weis-
semberg. Pop, 2,500,
Moarburg, v. Germany, 6 ra. S, W, Haraburg,
on the opposite bank ofthe Elbe, Pop, 1,660,
Moardreght, v. Netherlands, 9 ra. N. E. Rotter
dam. Pop. 1,600,
Moore, t. Northampton co. Pa. Pop. 1,108,
Moore, co, N. C. Pop, 6,367, Slaves, 944, Chief
town, Alfordstown, At the court-house is a post-
oflice. Moardond, t Montgomery oo. Pa. Pop, 1,692,
Maoresboraugh, p-v, Rutherford co. N, C,
Mooresfield, or Moorestown, p-t, BurUngton co,
N. J. 13 ra. E. Philadelphia.
Moarfield, p-v, Nicholas co. Ken.
Moorfield,v. Harrison co. Ohio, llj ra. S.W.
Cadiz. Moarfield, t Clark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 615.
Moorfields, t. and cap, Hsu-dy co, Va, on the S,
branch ofthe Potomac, 26 ra, S, S, W, Roraney,
180 N, W. Richmond, ^
Moorghur, t Hind, in Bejapore, 15 m, Ni- W,
Darwar, Maorja, t Africa, in Bambarra, 130 ra, E, Sego,
Moorley, t. Bengal, in Jesaore, Lon, 89" 15' E,
Lat 23° 7'N,
Moorleydurserai, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon, 78° 40'
E. Lat. 27° 1' N.
Maorsan, fort. Hind, in Agra, 10 m, W. by S,
Hatrass, Moorsburg, p-v. Hawkins co. Ten.
Maorsele, v. Netherlanda, 14 ra. E. Ypres, 26 S.
Brugea. Pop. 3,900.
Maarshudabad, city, Bengal, and formerly capi
tal of that prorince, ia on the E. bank of the Bha
girutly river, about 120 miles above Calcutta.
Thistown is stfll the residence ofthe nabob of Ben
gal, and alao of the Britiah civil eatabliahment
It carriea on a very conaiderable trade, principal
ly in silk, both raw and manufactured. Lon. 89°
15'E. Lat 24° 11' N.
Moarslede, t. Netherlanda, in West Flanders, 8
m. N, E. Ypres, 22 S. by W, Bruges, Pop, 5,000,
Moose, ial. on the coaat of Maine, in Paaaama-
quoddy bay.
Moose, amaU r. Lower Canada. Itis one ofthe
head waters ofthe St Francia.
JIfoo»e, r. N. H, which joina the Androacoggin,
in Durand,
Moose, r. N, Y, which runs into the E, aide of
Black river.

Moosehead, lake, Maine, the source of the £.
branch of Kennebeck river. It ia about 25 miles
long, and 16 broad.
Moosehillock, mt. N, H,in Coventry. Accord
ing to the measureraeut made by Capt. Partridge,
the N. peak ia 4,636 feel above the level of the
sea, Moasers, p-v. Tuscarawas co, Ohio.
Moosso, t S, Africa, N. of Leetakoo, aaid to
contain frora 10 to 12,000 inhabitanta,
Moosvp, r. which riaes in R. I. and joina the
Quinebaug, in Plainfield, Ct.
Mootapilly, t. Hind, in Guntoor, al the ^loutfa of
a river which falls into tfae bay of Bengal, Lon.
80° Iff E. Lat, 15°3ff N,
Mootypolliam, t. India, 6 m, S, Cuddalore.
Mapeha. See Howe's Island.
Moquehua, a province of Peru. Moquehua,
the capital, is at the foot of the Andes, 70 ra, S.
Arequipa. Lon. 70° 48' W. Lat 17° Iff S. Pop.
6,000. Moqueson gap, p-v. Scott co. Va,
Mora, t. Piedraont, 7 m, S, W. Alba. Pop.
2,800, Mora, r. Germany, whicfa falls into the Oppa,
near Troppau,
Mora, t. Spain, in New Castile, 20 m, E, S. E.
Toledo. Mora, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on the Ebro, 23 ra.
N. Tortosa,
Morad, r. Armenia, whicfa risea in about 38° 40'
N. lat, and 43° 30' E, lon, aud flowing westward,
joins the N. branch of the Euphrates, near Keb-
ban, in Mount Taurua.
Moradabad, t Hind, in Delhi. Lon, 78° 45' E.
Lat 28° 52' N.
Moradabad, t Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 76° 28' E.
Lat26"4ffN. Moroinvilk, v. France, in Calvados, 11 m. £.
by N. Lisieux. Pop. 1,000.
Moraiso, s-p. Africa, 24 m, E, S. E. Tunia.
Morales, t. New Granada, on the Rio Magda
lena. Lat, 8" 15' N,
Moranne, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, on the
Sarthe, 6 ra, N, Chaleauneuf. Pop, 1,900,
Morona, t. Piedraont, on the Po, 6 m. W, N, W,
Caaale, Moroni Bay, on the S. coaat of JamEuca, Lon.
76° W. Lat 17" 54' N,
Morant Point, or East Point, cape, on the E,
coast of Jamaica, Lon, 76° 62' W, Lat. 17°
SffN. Morant Keys, or Ranas, smaU islands in the
Carribbean sea, 36 ra. S. E. Jaraaica. Lon. 75°
40' W, Laft 17° Sff N,
Maroria, Cope, Spain, on the coastof Valencia,
Lon. 0° 1' W. Lat 38° 4ff N,
Marat. See Murten.
MarataUa, t, Spain, in Murcia, 50 ra, W. N, 'VV,
Murcia, Pop, 6,000,
Morava, or The March, r. Austrian states, which
riaes in the raountains between Bohemia and Mo
ravia, and falla into tfae Danube above Presburg,
Morava, t. Eu, Turkey, in Roraania, 40 m, N.
N, W, Nizza,
Moravia, a province of the Austrian empire,
bounded E, by Hungary, S, by Austria proper, N.
and W, by Bohemia, Including Austrian Silesia,
which ia now annexed to it, itcontsiina 12,122 aq,
mflea, and 1,688,252 inhabitants. Of these, 1,840
sq, miles, and 347,000 inhabitants, belong lo Sile
sia, The soil of Moravia is, in general, of great

480

M O R

fertility, particularly in the south. Little corn,
however, is raiaed for exportation. Flax is culti
vated in conaiderable quantities. In certain fa
vourable aituationa, the soil and cliraate are well
adapted lo the grape. The most productive raines
are tfaose of iron and lead. The inhabitants are
of three races ; Germans, Sclavonians, and Jewa,
The latter amount to only 30,000, 'The Roman
CathoUc religion ia the raost prevalent. The Pro
teatanta were forraerly numeroua, but being per
secuted, were compelled to emigrate, and, when
Joaeph II, proclaimed liberty of worship, the
remaining Protestants were found to be only
12,O0OCalvini8ta, and 11,000 Lutherans, Mora
via has, like the other provinces of the Austrian
empire, an assembly of stales or representatives,
but their influence is little raore than nominal.
This province haa recentiy made a very conaider
able progress in manufactures. Woollen, linen,
and cotton goods are all made here on a large
scale. Machinery on the English plan has of late
come into extensive use.
Moravicza, v. Austrian states, 32 ra. E. Fiume,
Pop, 1,250,
Morawa, large r. in the N, W. of Eu. Turkey,
which fiiUs into the Danube, considerably to the
east of Belgrade,
Morayshire, or Elginshire, co, Scotland, bound
ed N, by the Moray frith, E. and S. E. by Banff
shire, S. W, by Inverness-shire, Eind W. by Inver
neaa and Nairn, It ia 42 miles long, and about 20
broad. Moray, or Murray Frith, a large inlet of the
Gerraan ocean, on the E. coast of Scotland,
Morbegrvo, or Marben, t. Austrian Italy, 12 ra, S,
by E. Chiavenna, 26 N. Bergarao, Pop. 2,400,
Morbeke, v. Netherlands, 12 m, N, Ghent Pop,
2,300, Morbihan, a departraent in the N, W. of France,
Extent, 2,800 sq. miles. Pop. 403,500. Vannes
is the capital.
Marcone, t. Naples, 19 ra. S. S. E, Molise, Pop,
4,600, Marddles, t France, in lUe-and- Vilaine, 9 ra,
W, Rennes, Pop. 2,300.
Mordy, t, Poland, 10 ra, E, by N, Siedlec.
Mordyk, or Maerdyk, v. Netherlands, in North
Brabant, 4 m. N, E, Klundert, 10 N, N, W. Breda,
Morea, the ancient Peloponnesus, an extensive
peninsula of Eu. Turkey, united to the rest of
Greece by a narrow neck of land called the isth
mua of Corinth, Extent, 13,500 sq, milea. The
coaat abounda with fine baya and harbors. The
interior still presents to the eye of the traveller
the same picturesque beauty, the same fertility
of aoil and mildness of climate, for wfaich it was
remarkable in the days of ancient Greece, The
general aspect of the country is mountainous ; but
its surface is intersected by a number of beautiful
plains and extensive vsJlies, The trade is incon
siderable, the total exports not exceeding in value
300,000/, They consist chiefly of corn, wine, oil,
cheese, but particularly of curranta, of which about
80,000 cwt, are aaid to be ahipped annually. The
population ia about 4(X),000, Of theae, four-fifths
are Greeka, and the reraainder Turka, AlbEraiana,
and foreigners,
Moreau, p-t. Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hudaon,
16 m. N. E. BaUston-spa, 50 N. Albany. Pop.
1,347. It ia at the great bend of the Hudaon, and
here are two faUs in the river. Bakers falla and
Gleans falls.

i\I O R
Moreau, r. Missouri, which runs into the S. W.
side of the Missouri,
Morebat, s-p, on the S, coast of Arabia, Lon
66° 4' E, Lat 17° N,
Moree, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 10 m, N
Vendome, 20 N, Bloia, Pop, 1,000,
Moreland, t New Madrid co. Miasouri,
Morell, or Moril, t Swiss cEmton of the Valais,
near the Rhone, 6 m, N. E. Brieg,
MoreUa, t Spain, in Valencia, 33 m, W. N. W,
Peniscola, 33 W, S. W, Tortosa,
Moreno, smaU isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the N, E, point of the island of CandiEu
Moreno, Sierra,(Montes Mariano,) a well known
mountain chain, extending along great part of the
south of Spain and Portugal, and separating the
two great vallies which contain the rivera Gua
diana and Guadalquiver. It begina near the E,
border of La Mancha, and running W, termin
atea in Cape St Vincent on the Atiantic.
Morel, t. France, in Seine-and-Mame, 12 m, S,
E, Melun, Pop. 1,700.
Moreton, p-t. Washington co. Vt on Onion river,
7 m. W, MontpeUer, Pop, 405,
Moreton Hampstead, t. Eng. in Devonshire, 14
m. S. W. Exeter, 185 W. by S. London, Lon, 3°
45 W, Lat 3° 40' N, Pop. 1,663.
Moreton in the Marsh, v. Eng. iu Gloucester, 30
ra. E. Worcester, 82 N. W. London. Pop. 938.
Moreton, Cape, on the E. coast of New HoUand.
Lon. 153° 264' E. Lat 27" 04' S.
Moretta, t. Piedraont, 20 ra. W, Alba, 22 S. Tu
rin. Pop. 5,200.
Moreuil, t. France, iu Somrae, 9 ra. N. W. Mont
didier, 12 S. E. Araiens. Pop. 1,500.
Morey, t. France, in Jura, 10 ra. N. N. E. St
Claude. Pop. 1,300.
Morga. See Murghab.
Morgan, t. Orleans co. Vt 52 ra. N. N. E. Mont-
peUer. Pop. 135.
Mor^n, t. Greene co. Peu Pop. 1,622.
M9^gdn, CO. Geo. on the Oconee. Pop, 8,369.
Slaves, 2,414. Chief town, Madison.
Morgan, co, Ohio, on the Muskingum, Chief
town, Mac Connelsville,
Morgan, p-t, Ashtabula co. Ohio,
Morgan, t. Butler co, Ohio, 12 m, S, W, Hamil
ton, Morgan, t. GEdUa co.Ohio, 11 ra, N, GaUipolis.
Morgan, t Knox co. Ohio, Pop, 388,
Marganfield, p-t. and cap. Union co. Ken,
Morgans, p-v. Muhlenburg co. Ken,
Morgan's Island, amall isl. New HoUand, in
the gulf of Carpentaria, Lon, 136° 94' E, Lat.
13" 274' S,
Margansville, p-v, Nottaway co, Va.
Morgantown, p-t, Berks co, Va,
Morgantown, p-t. and cap, Monongalia co. Va.
onthe Monongahela, 30 ra, fr. Browna-riUe, 76 fr.
Curaberland. Pop. about 500. It containa a
court-houae and jail, and 60 or 70 houaea.
Morgantown, p-v. Burke co. N, C. onthe Cata
baw, 46 m, fr. Wilkea, 46 fr. Lincolnton.
Margantaion, p-t Blount co. Ten.
Morgantown, p-t Butier co. Ken,
Morgantown, t CUnton co. Ohio,
Morgarten, mt Switz. in the cantona of Schweitz
and Zug, known as the scene of the moat cele
brated efforts of the Swiss in defence of their
liberties, Morgenstem, v, Bohemia, 56 m, N. E, Prague,
Pop, 1,900.

¦ -if,_

M O R
Merges, t Switz. in the canton of Vaud, on the
lake of Geneva, 6 m. W. Lausanne, 23 N, E, Ge
neva, Lon, 6° Sff E, Lat 46° 31 ' N,
Margestd, v. Netherlanda, in North Brabant, 17
m, E, by S, Breda, Pop, 1, 100,
Morginenval, t, France, in Oiae, 6 m, S, E,
Compiegne, Pop. 1,100,
Moriah, Mount, in Sac, Geog, hill iu Jeruaalem
on which the temple stood,
Moriah, p-t, Esaex co, N, Y, on Isike Champlain,
between Elizabethtown and Crown point. Pop,
584, Moriere, t. France, in Vaucluae, 4 m, fr, Avig
non, Pop, 1,700.
Maries, t. FrEmce, iu Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 14
m. E. S. E. Taraacon. Pop. 1,600.
Morin, r. France, in Seine-and-Marne, which
runs into tfae Marne below Meaux.
Moringen, t Hanover, 10 ra, N, N, W, Gottin
gen, Pop, 1,800,
Morkowitz, t Moravia, 21 ra, S, Olmutz, Pop,
1,000 Marlaas, t. Frsuice, in Lower Pyrenees, 7 m, E.
N, E. Pau, Pop- 1,700,
Marlachia, a district belonging partly to Tur
key, and partly to Austria. It lies between Dal
matia and Croatia, and forms part of these prov
inces. Its inhabitanta are an uncivilized tribe,
Morlaix, t, France, in Finisterre, 5 m. from the
sea, on the small river Morlaix, which forms a
hEurbour, and by whicfa vessels of 100 tons can
corae up to the town at high water. 34 ra. E. N.
E, Brest Lon, 3° 45' W, Lat 48° 34' N, Pop,
10,000, Morlane, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 12 ra,
N, Pau, Pop, 1,000.
Morley, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 6 ra. S. W. Leeda.
Pop. 2,457.
Mormont, t. France, in Seine-and-Marne, 6 ra.
E. N. E. Melun. Pop. 1,000.
Mamwiron, t, France, in Vaucluae, 6 ra, E.
Carpentras, 22 N. E. Avignon. Pop. 1,600,
Mamant, t. France, in Rhone, 10 m, S. S,W, Ly
ons, 16 N, E, Sl, Etienne, Pop, 2,000.
Mamas, t Franoe, in Vaucluse, 9 ra, N, N, W,
Orange, Pop. 1,600,
Mame au Diabk, cape on the W, coEisl of His
paniola, Lon. 72° 47' W. Lat. 19° 12' N.
Momingtan Isk, isl. off the N. coast of New
HoUand, at the head of the gulf of Carpentaria,
Lon. 139° 49' E. Lat 16" 32' S.
Morocco, an erapire in the N. W. of Africa, ex
tending on the coast from Algiers to the Sahara or
Great Desert ; bounded N. by the Mediterranean,
E. by Algiers and Biledulgerid, S. by the Great
Desert, and W. by the Atlantic. It comprehends
the former small kingdoms of Fez, Morocco, Ta-
rudant, and Tafilet II ia traversed through ita
whole extent by the great chain of Atlaa, which
runs parallel to the coast, leaving between itaelf
and the sea a plain 400 or 500 rafles long, and frora
50 to 100 broad. This plain coraprises all the fer
tile and populous part of Morocco. The country
beyond the Atlaa, though at first abounding in
dates and affording good pasturage, becomes grad-
a'dlly. more and more barren, till all vegetation is
lost in the wide expanse of the Sahara.
The population has been variously estimated
from 6 millions to nearly ) 5 miUions. Mr. Jackson
stales it from the imperial register at 14,986,000,
but this ia beUeved to be extravagant. The in
habitants consist of Moors, Arabs, Brebers and
Jewa, The Moors ave the ruling neople, and con- 61

M 0 R

481

atitute the mass of population in all the cities.
The Arabs wander with their flocks and herda in
tho interior disfricts on the borders of the desert.
The Brebers are the descendants of the ancient
nativea, and occupy the rocka and secluded val
lies of the Atlas, where they are alraost indepen
dent, and often break out in rebellion, ruahing
down upon the plain, and sometimes carrying their
arma even lo the gales of the capital. 'The Jews
are the principal raerchants, and are continuEdly
insulted and most cruelly oppressed by the Moors.
The government of Morocco is the most abso
lute despotism on the face of the earth. There is
no check whatever upon the will of the sovereign.
Life and property are disposed of according to the
caprice of the moment. Some of the monarchs
faave even considered an adherence lo their en-
gageraenls as an unlawful check upon tfaeir pow
er. " Takest thou me for an infidel," aaid one of
tfaera to a foreigner, " tfaat I must be the slave of
ray word." The army consiata of about 36,000
men, of whom 24,000 are negro raercenaries, and
12,000 Moorish cavalry.
The commerce of Morocco v/ith Europe is ajl-
most wholly carried on from the port of Mogodor.
The inland trade consists chiefly of that carried on
across the Great Desert, to Soudan and Tombuc
too. Morocco, caUed by the natives Marakasch, a city
of the above erapire, which, being the moat usual
residence of the sovereign, is considered the cap
ital, though in magnitude and population it does
not equal Fez. It was founded in 1052, and in the
following century, under the reign of Ali Ben Yu-
suf, it WEIS in ita higlical proaperity, and haa been
represented aa containing a million inhabitants.
It is now much depopulated, and covered with the
accumulated ruins of housea and gardens : nor js
the population estiraated by the raost intelligent
travellers al more than 30,000. It still retains
vestiges, however, of its former grandeur. The
temples, sanctuaries and raosques are very nurae
rous ; and some ofthe latter are particularly lofty
and splendid. The walls are in good repair, having
been afrengthened, previous lo the siege, by Mu-
ley Yezid, in 1792. Lon. 7° W. Lat 30° 57' N.
Morokinne, or Morotinnee, one of the amall
Sandwich ialands, between the S. W. coast of
Mowee, and the island of Tahoorowa. Lon. 233"
31' E. Lat 20° 37' N.
Moron, t. Spain, 33 m. E. S, E. Seville, 65 S, by
W, Cordova.
Morona, r. Quito, which enters the Amazona, 41
ra, S, by E. San Borja, in lat, 4° 38' 30" S,
Moratoi, of Morokoi, one of the Sandwich isl
ands, 40 miles long and 7 broad, 10 m. W. N. W.
Mowee. Lon. 158° W. Lat, 21" Iff N.
Morozzo, t. Piedraont, 12 m. N, E, Coni.
Morpeth, a borough and I. England, in Northuni;
berland co. on the Wanabeck, 14 ra. N. NewcasUe-
on-Tyne, Lon, 1° 40' W. Lat 55" Iff N, Pop.
3,520. Morra, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 30 ra. S. .
E, Benevento, and 55 E. by N, Naples, Pop,
3,300, Morriches, p-v. in Brookhaven, N. Y, on the S,
aide of Long Island, 72 m. from New- York.
Morris, co, N. J. inclosed by Ihe counties of
Bergen, Essex, Somerset, Hunterdon and Sussex..
Pop. 21,821, Chieftown, Morristown.
Morris, t. Greene co. Pa. Pop, 944,
Morris, I. Washington co. Pa. Pop. 1,67!1.
Jtforri,!, t Knox co, Ohin...

482

M O R

Morris' flats, p-v. Madison co. N. Y.
Morristown, t Orleans co. Vt. 19 m. N, Mont
peUer. Pop. 560.
Morristown, p-t. St La'wrence co. N, Y. on the
river St, Lawrence, 2 m, below Brockville.
Morristown, p-t. aud cap. Morria co. N, J. 19 m.
N. W. Newark, 28 W. N. W, New- York, Pop.
3,753. It containa a court-house and jail, a bank,
a printing press, an acaderay, and 2 churcfaes, 1 for
Presbyterians and 1 for Baptists,
Morristown, t Weatmoreland co. Pa. 19 m. W.
Mount Pleaaant
Morristown, t and cap. Buncombe co. N. C.
Morristown, p-t. Belmont co. Ohio, 27 m. from
Warren. Marrisville, v. Madiaon co. N. Y.
Morrisvilk, borougfa and p-t. Bucka co. Pa. on
the Delaware, 1 m. below Trenton, 29 above
Philadelphia. Pop. 261.
MarrisviUe, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Motto de Bonifacio, cape on the coast of Chili.
Lat. 39° 2ff S.
Morro Cobir, cape on the E, coast of Africa, in
Zanguebar, Lat 8° 5' S.
Morro Chico, cape on tfae coast of Honduras,
Lat, 15° Sff N,
Morro de Corapucha, headland on the Coast of
Peru, Lat. 19° Sff S,
Morra de los Diabolos, headland on the coast of
Peru. Lat 18° S,
Morro Hermoso, proraontory on the coast of Cal
ifornia. Lat. 27° 52' N.
Morro Morena, cape on the coast of ChiU. Lat.
23° 10' S.
Morro-morro, t. Buenos Ayres, 40 ra. N. E. Co
cha. Morro de Puercos, cape on the W. coast of Mex
ico. Lat. 7° Sff N.
Morra Quemodo, headland on the coast of Peru.
Lat. 14°2ff S.
Morro de S. Josef, headland on the coast of Pe
ra, Lat 24° S,
Morro di Valk, t Italy, in the States of the
Church, 4 ra. N. Jesi, 14 W. Ancona.
Mors, or Morsoe, isl. of IheLyrafiordgulf, in the
N. of Jutland, in lat 56° 41' N. Area, 136 square
miles. Pop. about 7,800,
Morsch, V. Baden, 6 m. N, W, Carlsruhe,
Morschansk, t. Eu. Russia, in Tambov, on the
Zna, 78 m, N, Tarabov, Pop, 4,200,
Marschen, or Morsen, Old, v. Gerraany, in Hesse,
on the Fulda, 18 m. S. Casael, Pop. 1,000. On
the opposite bank of the river stands New Mors-
chen. Pop. 1,500.
Marspurg, t. Baden, on the lalie of Constance,
6 ra, N, E. Constance, Pop, 1,400.
Morsum, v. Denmark, 18 m. W. Tondern. Pop.
1,000. Mortagne, t. France, in Orne, 15 ra. E. S. E.
Seez, 18 E. N. E. Alencon, Pop, 5,800,
Mortagne, t France, in La Vendee, 27 ra, E, S,
E, Nantes,
Mortagne, t. France, in Lower Charente, on
(he Gironde, 12 m, S. S. W. Pons. Pop. 1,300.
Mortain, t, France, in La Manche, 30 m, S, S,
E. Coutances, 16 E, Avranches, Pop. 2,700,
Morlaro, t. Sardinian statea, 7 ra, N, Lumello,
26 S. W, Mflan. Pop, 2,800,
Morlaro, or Martera, coraraonly called Mortar,
amall ial. ofthe Adriatic, on the coast of Austrian
Dalmatia, N. W. of Sebenico. It is 13 milea in
circumference, Lon, 15° 44' E. Lat. 't3° 57' N.

MOS
Morleau, t Franoe, in Doubs, 12 m, 3, E, Pon-
taUer, 24 E, S, E, Besancon, Pop, 1,400,
Martera, or Mortari, small isl, on the E. coaat of
Sardinia, Lon, 9° Sff 26" E, Lat 41° 12" 46" N,
Mortier Bank, fiahing bank near the S, coast of
Newfoundland. Lon. 64°4ffW. Lat 47° 5'N.
Mortier' s Rocks, rocks on the S. coastof New
foundland, Lon, 54°6ffW, Lat 47° N,
Mortizabad, district, Hind, in Bejapour, be
tween 17° and 18° N. lat. and intersected by the
river Krishna, Its chief towns are Merriteh and
Carrar, Martizanogur. See Guntoor.
• Morton, t. Eng. in Yorkahire, S ra. N. E. Keigh^
ley. Pop. 987.
Martonsvilk, t. Woodford co. Ken. 6 m. from
Veraailles. Mortari. See Mortera.
Mortree, t. France, in Ome, 13 m. N. Alengon.
Pop. 1,000.
Marty, ial. Esiatern seas, 26 m. from the N. E.
part of the ial. of GUolo. It is 65 mfles long, and
frora 10 lo 25 broad. Lon. 128° 2ff E. Lat 2°
15' N.
Marviedra. See Murviedro.
Morvilliers, t. FrEmce, in Lower-Seine, 20 m.
E. Neufchatel, 6 E. by N. Auraale. Pop. 1,500.
Morung, district. Hind, tributary to Nepaul, in
27° N. lat and bounded S. by Bengal.
Morungen. See Mohringen.
Morwara, t. Hind, in Gujerat, 30 m. S, S. W,
Theraud. Mors-zuschlag, or Murs-suschlag, t Ausfrian
states, 20 m. E. N. E. Bruck. Pop. 800.
Mosolsk, t Eu. Russia, 66 ra. W. Kaluga. Pop,
1,300. Mosambique, city and s-p, E, Africa, and cap.
of aU the Portuguese possessions in that quarter.
These possessions were at one time truly extensive,
at least as to the coaat embraced by them, which
might be estimated at two thousand mfles, includ
ing the large and populous emporia of Sofala, Mo
sambique, QuiloEi, Mombaca and Melinda. Most
oftheae have been successively wrested from them,
and their dominion is now bounded by Cape Del
gado on the N. and Cape Corrientes on the S. and
includes no placea of imporlEince except Mosam
bique and Sofala, Mosarabique is built on an isl
and of the aarae name. The setUement retains
few fraces of its former importance. The fort,
however, is strongly built, of an octagonal form,
furnished witfa six bastions, and defended by 80
piecea of cannon. The trade has much declined,
and consists now chiefly in the export of gold, ivory
and slaves. The last article has been greaUy
diminished by the laudable zeal with which the
English have exerted themselves for the preven
tion of thia traffic. The whole number now ex
ported is not supposed to exceed 4,000. Lon, 40
40'E, Lat, 15° 1' S. Pop, 2,800, ofwhom 500 arc
Portuguese, 800 .\rabs, and 1,500 negi-oes.
Mosbach, t. Baden, 20 m, E, S. E. Heidelsberg,
16 N, by W, Heilsbronn, Pop, 2,200,
Mosburg, or Mospurg, t. Ba-v-aria, on the Iser,
24 m, N, E, Munich, 9 S, W, Landshut, Pop,
1,400, Moschenissa, t. Austrian States, in latria, on the
gulf of Flanati, 3 m. S. Laurana, Pop, 2,000.
Moscho, t. Dongola, in Africa, ou the W, bank
of tfae Nfle, 100 m. N. W, Dongola,
Moscow, a government of Eu, Russia, lying be
tween 35° Iff aad 38" 4ff E, lon, and 54° 40 and

MOS

MOS

483

56° 30' N, lat. Area, 10,000 square miles. Pop,
1,126,000, Moscow, (in Russian Moskva,) a great city of Eu,
Rusaia, and formerly the capital of the empire.
Including the auburba, it is more than 20 railes in
circumference. The great extent of apace thus
occupied is owing partiy to the width of the streets,
but more to the number of spacioua courts, gar
dens, and other open spaces. The river Moskva
traveraea the city from W, to E.
Moacow conaiata of four circular or aerai-cfrcu-
lar diviaiona, each aurrounding the other. 1. The
central part, containing the Kremlin and the Ki-
taigqrod, or mercantile quarter. 2, The Bielo-
gorod, or White town, extending Eiround the cen
tral part like a half moon, and was formerly en
compassed with white atone walla, 3, The Sem-
Uano-gorod, or Earthen town, much raore exten
aive than either of the preceding, and surrounding
thera both in a circular form. It derived ita UEune
from the earthen ramparts by whicfa it was for
merly defended. 4, 'The Slobodes, or suburbs,
wfaich, to the number of nearly 30, surround the
wfaole, and occupy a great extent of ground. The
Kremlin stands on a height, and commands a
pleasant prospect over almoat the whole city.
Here is the ancient palace of tfae czars, wfaich es
caped tfae great conflagration of 1812, bul waa
mucfa damaged by raines sprung by tfae last French
detachment, on their leaving Moscow, It is now,
however, rebuilt, with improvements. Here ia
also the cfaurcfa of St Michael, containing the
tombs of the ancient czars, and the church of the
Assumption of the Viigin Mary, in which the em
perors are crowned. The Bielo-gorod conlEiins
several of the widest streets of Moscow ; but hais
no remarkable pubUc building, except the arsenal
aud cannon foundry. A considerable part of thia
quarter eacaped ihe great conflagration. The
Semliano-gorod has also wide streets, and contains
frora its magnitude, a large proportion ofthe pop
ulation of Moscow. The Slobodes, or suburbs,
are mean, Emd look like so raany detached villages,
with the exception of the German suburb, which
ia inhabited by a number of foreign mechanics.
Fires are of very frequent occurrence in this
wooden buflt city ; and -a, large estabUshment of
firemen and fire engines is connected with the
poUce, In September 1812, at the lime of the French
invasion, tfae Russians set fire to the city, aud three-
fourths of it were consumed ; the Kremlin and
Bielo-gorod being almost the only quarters pre
served. For some time the rebuilding went on
slowly: the years of ISlSandpart of 1814, were
years of war and heavy expence ; but no sooner
was peace concluded, than the greatest exertions
were made to thia effect, both by the govemraent
and individuals ; and by the beginning of 181 8, a
new city seemed lo have risen from the ruins.
The Kitai-gorod, or quarter for the exchange and
mercantUe ware -houses ; the more extensive quar
ter of the SemliEui-gorod ; and even the Slobodes
or suburbs, were all re-built before, or in the
courae of that ye-ar ; and the population of Mos
cow was carried to nearly its forraer magnitude.
The deficiency is in the palaces of the nobility ;
many of these have not been rebuilt, having been on
a scale by far too large for the incorae of their own
ers, who are now contented lo live at a reduced
«zpence on their estates in the country.
The oew city has wider streets, and greater uni

formity in its private buildings ; but in ite churches
and public edifices, the Asiatic taste is still preser
ved. The university having been rebuilt in a
magnificent form, by aid frora the pubUc treasury,
was opened on the lltii Noveraber 1818, and the
forraer course of atudy rcauraed. The Kreralin is
the great depot ofthe antiquitiea and curioaitiea of
Moacow, Here is the tower of Ivan, which for
raerly contained the largest bell in the known
world, its weight being above 200 tons, II fell
last century, in consequence of the tower being
burned, and is now conaiderably sunk in the
earth. Moacow ia the aeat of an archbiahop : his
palace ia in the Kreralin, and contains the regalia of
the empire. The churchea and chapela, above 700
before the fire, are now leas numerous. The pop
ulation in suraraer does not rauch exceed 200,000,
but in winter it is nearly 300,000, from the num
ber of traders aud the great resort of the Russian
nobility. The manufactures consist chiefly of col.
ton, silk, linen, paper, leather, and sugar. In re
gard lo trade, Moacow, though at a great distance
from any aea, is the great entrepot for the interior
of the erapire. Moscow ia in a direct line, 397 m.
S. E. St. Petersburg, 1,042 E. by N. Vienna.
Lon. 37° Sff E. Lat 65" 4ff 45" N,
Moscow, t. Somerset co. Maine, 28 ra, N. Nor
ridgewock. Moscow, p-v. in Leicester, Geneaee co, N, Y,
Moscow, t. Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 22
ra. S. Williaraaburg, Pop. in 1815, 100,
Mase, r, Eng, which falla into tfae Trent, near
Croxall, Mase, isl, in tfae Eastern aeas, Lon, 132° 2'E.
Lat6°2ffS. Moselle, department iu the N. E. of France,
bounded partly by the Netherlands, and partly by
the departments of the Meurthe and the Meuse.
Flax, hemp, and rapeseed, are produced in con
siderable quantities. The mineral productions
are iron and coal. Extent, 2,600 square miles.
Pop, 340,000, of whom two-thirds speak German.
Metz is the capital.
Moselle, r. which rises iu France, in Voages, and
after quitting the French territory, forms for a
short dislEince the boundary between Prussia and
the Netherlands, traverses the Prussian province of
the Lower Rhine, and falls into the Rhine at Cob
lentz, after a course of nearly 300 miles.
Moserada, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m, N, E, Tre
viao, Moses, Point, cape on the E. side ofthe entrEmce
into Bonavista bay, 5 m. S. W. Cape Bona-
-rista. Moskirch, t. Baden, 22 ra. N. Constance, 56 S.
Stutgard. Pop. 1,200.
Moskoe, one of tho Loffoden isles, on the coast of
Norway. On its coaat ia the well known whirlpool
called the Malstrora.
Mosquito Keys, sraall iale, in the Spanish Main.
Lon. 82° 25' W. Lat. 14° 2ff N.
Mosquito Keys, islets and rocks in the Spanish
Main, Lon, 82° 4ff W, Lat 12° 47' N,
Mosquitos, or Mosquito Bonk, small islands near
Uie coast of Honduras. Lon, 82° 10' W, Lat. 14°
SffN. Mosquito Shore, a tract of country which extends
for 1,200 railea along pEirt of the nortfaern and the
eaatern ahore of Honduraa, and haa been claimed
by the Britiah, It ia a healthy country, and re
markably fertile, inhabited by the Moaquito In
diana, who are ao indolent, and iguorant race, but

484

MOT

strongly Eittaohed to the British. The king is
nominally a Clrjristianj and has received an educa
tion at the expense >f the British government.
Moss, t, Norway, oi a, large bay. 38 m. S.
Christiania, 17 N. FredericiMfadt Pop. 3,000.
Mossalsk, or Mosolsk, t. RusaiEi, 56 m. W. Kalu
ga. Pop, 1,300.
Mossel Boy, bay in the colony of the C4pe of
Good Hope. Lon, 22° Iff E. Lat 34° 10' S.
Mossers, p-v, Tuscarawas co, Ohio,
Mossula, or Morsoula, s-p, Congo, in Africa.
Lat 8° Iff S,
Mostar, t. Eu, Turkey, in Bosnia, 60 m. N, by
W. Ragusa, 70 E, Spalatro. Lon, 16° 4ff E. Lat.
44' N. Pop, 9,000.
Moslem, t Eng. in Lancaahire, 4 m. N, E, Man
chester, Mosty, t Ruaaia, in Grodno, 58 m. W. Novogro-
dek. Mosul, t A. Turkey, in the pachalic of Bagdad,
on the W. bank ofthe Tigris, Ita principEfl orna-
menta are a college, the lomb of aheik Abdul Cas-
sin, and the reraains of a beautiful mosque. The
coffee-houses, baths, khans, and bazars are also
handsome buildings. The city has a stone wall and
seven gates, but ia in a declining slate ; the wall ia
broken down in many placea, and moat of the good
buildings are crumbling into ruins. The infaabi
tants are a mixture of 'Turks, Curds, Jews, Arrae
nians, Neatoriana, and Arabs. Pop, 35,000, To
the north, on the opposite side of the river, is the
village of Nunia, supposed lo occupy tfae aite ofthe
ancient Nineveh. Lat, 36° 21' N,
Masxyn, t Prussian Poland, 9 m, S, by W, Po
sen. Motala, r, Sweden, which flows out of Lake
Wetter, andjoins the Baltic al Nortkioping,
Motapa, commonly called Monopotapo, caUed
also Benomotapa and Mocaranga, a country of E.
Africa, including all the country in the interior
from Moaambique, and extending aouthward al
most to the Cape of Good Hope, This territory,
liowever, is divided into a great number of inde
pendent stales, araong which that of the Quiteve,
or Sovereign of Motapa, ranks only as the most
powerful. Very little is known about it,
Motatan, r. Caraccas, whicfa enters into tfae E,
sideof Lake Maracaibo, in lat. 9° 45' N.
Mothe, La, or Lo Matte, t France, in Vosges,
3 m. S, W, Bourmont
Monthc-Montreval, t France, in Dordogne, on
the river Dordogne, 22 ra, W, Bergerac, Pop,
2,000. Mothe St. Heraye, t. France, in Two Sevres, 18
m. E. Niort, 26 S, W, Poitiers. Pop, 2,600,
Mothone. See Modon.
Motiers, v. Switzerland, in Neufchatel, 16 m, S,
W. Neufchatel,
Motir, small isl, in the Eastern aeas, 24 m, S,
Ternate. Lon. 127° 19' E. Lat. 0° 26' N,
Motrico, s-p. Spain, on the bay of Biscay, 18 m,
W. Sl, Sebastian,
Motril, t. Spain, in Granada, with a harbour on
the Mediterranean, 4 m, E. Malaga, Pop, 4,500,
Motta, t. Austrian Italy, 23 m, E, N, E, Treviso,
Malta, t. Austrian Italy, 3 m, S, Lodi,
Matte, Isle, isl, Vt in Lake Champlain, 2 m, W,
North Hero, It is 8 milea long and 2 broad,
Motte Canillae, t France, in Upper Loire, on
the AUier, 3 ra, N, E Brioude, Pop, 2,000,
Motte-Chaknean, t FVanoe, in Droine, 20 m, S,
Die, Pop, 1,200,

MOU
Mottegano, r, Austrian Italy, which runs into
tfae Livenza at Motta,
Molte Landeron, t, France, iu Gironde, 6 m,
S, E, La ReoUe, 32 S, E, Bourdeaux. Pop,
2,300. ¦'
Matter, r. France, which falla into the Rhine at
Druzenheim, It is na-vigable for boats as far as
Bischweiler, Mattes Noires, promontory on the N, W, coaat of
France, 18 m, from Calaia,
Mattlou, r. Weat Prussia, which flows through
the town of Dantzic, and faUa into the Rodaune,
Mottling, t. Auatrian States, 13 m. S. E, Keu-
stadtL Mottola, t, Naples, in Terra di Otranto, It ia the
see of a biahop, 15 m, N, W, Taranto, 60 W, N.
W, Lecce,
Mouchamps, t, France, in La Vendee, 24 m, Jf,
N, W, Fontenay le Comte. Pop, 1,760,
Maudan, or Milden, t. SwitzerlEmd, in the cantoa
of Vaud, 13 ra. N. N. E. Lausanne.
Mouilkran, t. France, in La Vendee, 17 m, N,
Fontenay, Pop, 1,200,
Maujghur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, Lon, 72° 2ff E,
Lat 28° 57'N,
Maul, The, cape, ScoUand, on the E, coast of
SheUand. Lon, 1° 10/ W, Lat. 60° 24' N,
Moulins, t. France, cap. of AUier, on the right
bank ofthe Allier. It has manufactures of hard
ware, in particular of sciasars, 100 m, N, W, Ly
ons, 225 S, S. E. Paris. Lou. 3° 2ff E. Lat 46° 34'
N, Pop. 14,000.
Moulins en Gilbert, t France, in Nievre, 7 m.
S. W. Chateau Chraon, 27 E. Nevers. Fop.
2,600. Moulins, La Marche, t France, in Orne, 9 m.
S, W, L' Aigle, 18 N, E. Alencon, Pop, 900,
Moulange Islands, small islands in the Indian
sea, neEu: the E. coast of Africa. Lat 10° 45' S.
Moultanbarough, p-t. Strafford co. N. H. onthe
N. side of lake Winnipiseogee, 36 N. Concord,
Pop, 994.
Moungwali, t Birman empire, in Ava, near the
W, bank of the Irrawuddy, Lon. 94° 2^ E. Lat
20° 28' N.
Mountain, t. Dundas co. Up. CanadEi.
Mount Airy, p-v. Surry co. N. C.
Mountain Island^ p-v. Scott co. Ken.
Mountain shoals, p-v. Laurena co. S, C.
Mount Bethel, t. Somerset co. N. J.
Mount Bethel, Lower, t NorthEunpton co. Pa.
Pop, 1,392.
Mount Bethel, Upper, t Northampton co. Pa,
Pop, 1,352,
Mount Cormel, t Edwards co. Illinois, on the
WabEish, opposite the mouth of White river, 24
ra. below "Vincennes.
Mount Clemens, t. and cap, Macomb co, Michi
gan Territory, on the river Huron of St Clair, 4
m. from ita raouth, 26 N, Detroit
Mount of Cocas, ial, in the Pacific, Lon, 177°
E, Lat 16° S,
Mount Desert, isl, and t, Hancock co, Maine,
40 m, E, Castine, Pop, 1,047, The ialand is 15
miles long, and 12 broad, Lat, 44° 12' N,
Mount DiUy, hiU on the Malabar coaat of Hin
dostan, Lon, 76° 20' E, Lat 12° I' N,
Mount Felix, capo, on the N, E, coEiat of Afri
ca, at the entrance of the Arabian gulf, 40 m, W,
N, W, Cape Guardafui,
Mount Holly, p-t Rutland co, Vt 20 m, W.
IVindsor, Pop. 992.

M O U

MOW

485

Mount HoUy, p-t, smd cap, Burlington co, N, J,
on Ancocua creek, 12 m. S, E, BurUngton, 23 E,
N, E. Philadelphia, It containa a court-houae
and jail, a market-houae, a bank, and 2 churches.
Mount hope, p-v. Orsmge co, N, Y,
Mount hope, p-v, Shenandoah co, Va,
Mount hope bay, the N. E, arm of Narraganaet
bay, R, I, It acta up between Tiverton and Bris
tol into Massachusetts, and receives Taunton
river. Mount hope, hiU, R, I, on the W, shore of Mount
hope bay, famous as tfae former residence of the
Indian king Philip,
Mount Horeb, p-v. Nelson co. Va.
Mount Joy, t Adams co. Pa. Pop. 636.
Mount Joy, t. Lsmcaster co. Pa. Pop. 1,551.
Mount Moume, p-v. Iredell co. N. C.
Mount Murray, seigniory, Northumberland co.
Lower Canada, on the N. side of the St Lawrence,
72 m, N. E. Quebec.
Jllb«n( Pilot, p-v, Sumner co. Ten,
JVTounf Pisgah, p-v. Iredell co. N. C.
Mountpleasant, p-t. Westchester co. N. Y. on
the Hudson, 14 m. S. W. Bedford, 33 above New
York. Pop. 3,119. Here is an academy. In this
town ia the vUlage of Sing-aing. .
Mountpleasant, p-t Lancaster co. Pa.
Mountpkasant, p-t. Westmoreland co. Pa. 10 m.
N. W. Waahington, Pop. 1,780.
Mountpleasant, p-t Wajrne co. Pa. Pop. 522.
Mountpkasant, v. Md. in CaroUne and Queen
Anne countiea, II m, E. Churchill.
Mountpkasant, p-v. Shenandoah co. Va.
Mountpkasant, t. Jefferson co. Ken. Pop. in
1816, about 600. It contains a church for Qua
kers. Mountpleasant, p-t Jefferson co. Ohio, 20 m. S.
W. SteubenviUe, 10 N. E. St ClairsvUle. Pop. in
1815, 750. It ia a flouriahing town, and containa a
bank, a printing-oflice, and 3 churches. In the
vicinity there are aeveral flouring railla and saw
miUs, a paper raill, a cloth factory, and 2 fuUing
miUs. Mountpleasant, t, Hamilton co, Ohio, 10 m, fr.
Cincinnati, 12 fr, Hamilton,
Mountprospect, p-v, Edgecomb co. N. C.
Mount Richardson, p-v. Jackaon co. Ten,
Mount St. Bernard. See St. Bernard.
Mounts Boy, an extenaive bay in the Engliah
channel, near Penzance, CornwaU,
Mount SorreU, t. Eng. in Leicester, 7 m. N,
Leicester, 102 N, W, London, Lon, 1° 9' W,
Lat 62° ff N,
Mount Sterling, p-v, Montgoraery co. Ken.
Mount Tabor, t. Rutland co, Vt, 26 ra, W,
Windsor. Pop. 200,
Mount Tirzoh, p-v. Person co. N. C,
Mount Tom, mt, Maaa, on the W, side of Con
necticut river, near Northampton,
Mount Upton, p-v, Chenango co, N. Y,
Mount Vernon, p-t Kennebeck co, Maine, 18
m, N, W, Augusta,
Mount ¦Vemon,.t. HUlsborough co. N, H, 23 ra,
S, Concord, Pop, 762,
Mount Vernon, the seat of the late George
Washiwgtow, the first President of the United
States, It is pleasantly situated on the S, side of
the Potomac, in Fairfax co, Va. where the river
is nearly two miles wide ; 9 m, below Alexandria,
The mount is elevated 200 feet above the level of
the river, and affords a beautiful aite for the mau-
«ion honae and gardens.

Mount Vernon, p-t. Boone co. Ken- on the Ohio,
24 ra, fr. Cincinnati.
Mount Vernon, p-v. Knox co. Ohio.
Mauntvilk, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Mount Vintage, p-v, Edgefield district, S, C,
Mount Washington, the highest of the White
mountains, N, H, According to the meaaure-
ment of Capt, Partridge, it is 6,634 feet above tho
level of the sea.
Mount Washington, t. Berkshire co. Mass, 20 m,
S, S, E, Lenox, Pop, 474,
Mount Zion, Geo. See Sparta.
Mount Zion, p-v. Union co. Ken,
Mountain del Buchan, promontory, on the coast
of New California, which forraa the S, point of
tfae bay of Loa Eateroa, Lon, 230° 2ff E, Lat 35°
21' N,
Moura, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 37 m, S, S, E,
Evora, 98 E, S, E. Lisbon, Lon, 7° 21' W, Lat,
38° 7' N. Pop, 4,000.
Maurao, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 18 m, N. N, E,
Moura, 96 m, E. by S, Lisbon, 32 E, Evora, Lon,
7° ff W, Lat 38° 20' N, Pop, 2,200,
Mouree, t Gold coaat of Africa, 6 ra, N, E,
Cape Coaat Castle,
Mauran, t. France, in Seine-Emd-Marne, 3 m,
W, Coulomiera, Pop, 1,400,
Mourzouk, city, Africa, cap. of the kingdom- of
Fezzan. Il is one of the greatest seats of the in»
land coraraerce of tfais continent, and tfae rendez
vous of raoat of the intercourse which takes place
between ita northem and central regions. All
thia trade ia carried on by caravans, the frequent
arrival of which between October and February,
render Mourzouk then a scene of perpetual bus
tle. It keeps up the communication of Egypt and
Tripoli on the one hand, with the great southern
empires of Bornou and Cassina on the otfaer. Tfae
number of slavea brought lo Mourzouk from the
interior of Africa in 1819, waa 5,000, It is the
state of society growing out of the slave frade,
which makes travelling in Africa so dangerous,
Lon. 16" 36' E. Lat, 27" 2ff N,
Moush, t. Turkish Armenia, on a river of the
same name, 84 m. S, S. E, Erzerura,
Mousum, r. Maine, which flowa into Wella. bay,
between the towns of WeUa and Arundel.
Moutahora, amall isl. near the E. coast of New
Zealand, Lon. 193" 7' W. Lat. 37° 69' N,
Mouthe, t. France, in Douba, 13 ra, S, W, Pon-
tarUer, Pop. 1,000,
Moutiers, or Moustiers, t, France, in Lower
Alpa, 15 m, S, Digne, Pop, 1,900,
Moutiers en Tarantoise, t. Sardinian atatea, in
Savoy, on the Isere. Near the town there is a
. considerable salt work. Pop, 1,900. 18 ra, N, N.
E, Sl, Jean de Maurienne, 28 S, E. Chamberry,
Mopy, t. France, in Oise, 15 m, S, E, Beativai^,
Pop. 3,000,
Mouzan, t France, in Ardennes, on the Maese,
14 ra. N, W, Montmedy, Pop, 2,200,
Mow, t Hind, in Allahabad, Lon, 83° 37' E.
Lat 25° 57'N,
Mowah, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon, 85° 51' E. Lat
25° Sff N.
Mowoh, t. Birman empire, in Ava, on the N.
bank of the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95° 25' E,
Lat 21° 60' N.
Mowee, one of the Sandwich islanda, about 140
railes in circumference, containing 600 sq, miles.
30 ra. N. W. Owhyhee. Lon. 203" 4ff E. Lat 20'
48' N. See Sandwich Islands.

486

M U C

Moxahala, creek, Ohio, which runs into the
Muakingum, 3 m. below Zaneaville,
Moxos, an extenaive province and country of
Buenoa Ayrea, bounded by the Portugueae gov
ernment of Matto Groaso on the E, Cuzco and the
Peruvian provinces on the W, and Chiquitos and
Santa Cruz on the S, It is chiefly infaabited by
WEirlike and wandering tribes of Indians, who for
bid acceas to its interior. The climate is moiat
and unhealthy, owing lo the inundationa of the
rivera and lakes with which tfae country is cov
ered, and epidemic fevers are frequent, which
sometimes destroy whole aettiementa.
May, t, France, in Aiane, 9 m, S, E, St, Quentin,
Pop, 1,000,
Maya, t Spain, in Cuenca, 42 m, E, Cuenca,
Pop. 2,400.
Moyaux, t. France, in Calvados, 6 ra. N. E. Li
sieux. Pop. 1,300.
Moyennevilk, t. France, in Somrae, 6 m. S, S, W,
AbbeviUe, 25 N. E, Araiena, Pop, 1,000,
Mayenvic, t. France, in Meurthe, 20 m, N, E.
Nancy, Pop, 1,400,
Moyeuvre, t France, in MoseUe, 8 m, N, W,
Metz, Mayabambo, or Santiago de los Voiles, t, Peru,
310m, N, N, E, Lima, Lon, 76° 61' W, Lat. 7° S,
Mayowlo, r, Ireland, which runs into Lough
Neagh, Mazariibique, See Mosambique.
Mosdak, t RussiEi, in Csiucasus, 8 m, E, of Eka
terinograd, Pop, 3,000,
Mozgurrah, t. Hind, in Mooltan. Lon. 71° 61'
E. Lat 29° 4ff N.
Mazingen, t. Wirteraberg, 5 m, N, N, E, Reut-
lingen. Pop. 900,
Mozyr, t Rusaian Lithuania, 160 m, S, S, E,
Minak, Mrotsen, t Prussian Poland, 17 m, W, by N,
Bromberg, Pop. 900.
Mrzyglod, t. Austrian states, in GaUciau 6 ra, N,
N, W,Sanok,
Mschena,t, Boheraia, 11 ra, W, Jung Bunzlau,
Pop, 1,900,
Msta, r. Eu, Russia, in Novgorod, which runs
into the lake Ilmen, near Lipinskoi.
Mstislavl, t Russia, 60 ra. N. E, Mohilev, Lon,
31° E, Lat 53° 54' N, Pop, 4,000,
Mszczonow, t Poland, 23 m, S, W, Warsaw,
Pop. 1,300.
Mtzensk, t. Eu. Russia, in Orel, 32 m, N, N, E,
Orel, Pop, 6,600.
M'uchawica, r. Ruasia, in Grodno, which falls
into tfae Bog at Brzesc.
Muchundgunge, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 86° 34'
E. Lat 23° 57'N.
Mucidan, t France, in Dordogne, 18 m, S, S,
W. Perigueux. Pop, 1,200,
MuciUac, t France, in Morbihan, Pop, 1,800,
Muck, small isl, near the E, coast of Ireland,
in the North Channel, Lon. 6° 36' W. Lat 54°
51' N.
Muckeoloh, t Hind, in Lahore, Lon, 72" 43' E,
Lat 32" SffN,
Muckensturm, t. Baden, 2 m, N, E, Rastadt Pop.
1,100, Muckondabod, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, Lon, 81°
24' E, Lat, 24° 15' N,
Muckris, Point, cape, Ireland, on the N, coast
of Donegal, 6 m, W, S, W, Killybegs,
Muckud, t Hind, in Lahore, on the Indus, '• Lon.
70°S1'E, Lat32°22'N,

M U H
Muckumdra, t Hind, in Mulwah. Loa. 76° 12'
E. Lat. 24° 4ff N.
Muckwany, district, Hind, between 26° and 27°
N, lat, Euid bounded S, by Bahar,
Mud creek, e. Ontario co, N, Y, which joina Ca
nandaigua creek in Phelps,
Mudo, t. Austrian Italy, 12 m, N, Feltre,
Mudania, See Modania.
Muddie, t. Hind, in Gujerat Lon, 69° Sff E,
Lat 22°'6' N,
Muddy river, r, tUinoia, which runs into the
Misaiaaippi. It ia navigable 40 railea.
Mud Island, smaU isl. Psu in Delaware river, 7
m. below the city of Philadelphia, It ia weU for
tified. Muddy Paint, cape on the W, coast of Africa,
Lat ll°4ff S.
Mudge, Point, cape on an ialand in the gulf of
Georgia, on Uie N, W. coast of America. Lon,
236° 9' E, Lat 50° N.
Muela, t. Spain, iu Arragon, 12 m, S, S, W.
Saragoaaa, Mugonayana, t, India, in Mysore, Lon. 76° 58'
E, Lat 13° ffN,
Mugeln, t. Saxony, 25 m, E, Leipsic, Pop,
1,200, Mugeres, or Mohair Key, or Mon Eater's Island,
small ial, in the bay of Honduras, near the coast of
Yucatan, Lon, 87°36' W, Lat 21° lO'N,
M-uggia, or Muglia, t. Austrian states, in Istria,
on the Adriatic, 2 m, N, Capo d'Istria, Fop,
1,100, Mugia, s-p, Spain, in GaUcia, N, E, of Cape
Finiaterre, and 56 ra, W, S, W. Ferrol. Pop,
2,000. Mugky, pass, Hind, in the mountains which di.
vide Myaore frora the Camatic, 95 ra, from Ma
dras, Lou. 79° 5' E, Lat, 13° Iff N.
Muglitz, r. Saxony, which falls into the Elbe
below Pima.
Muglitz, or Makelnits, t Austrian atates, in Mo
ravia, 19 m. N. N. W, Ohnutz, Lon, 6° 46' E, Lat,
49° 49' N, Pop, 2,500.
Mugnano, t. Italy, near Naplea, in Terra di la
voro. Pop, 4,000.
Mugron, t France, in Landes, 6 m. S. Tartas,
Pop. 1,600.
Muhl, Kreis, or Viertel, i. e. Cfrcle or Quarter
of the Muhl, oue of the diviaiona of Lower Austria,
comprising all that part which Ues between the
Danube and Bohemia. Extent, 1,670 sq. mfles.
Pop. 160,000.
Muhl, r. Austria, which risea on the confines of
Bohemia, flows S. Emd faUs into the Danube.
Muhlberg, t Prussian Saxony, 12 m. S. W. Er
furt. Muhlberg, t Prussian Saxony, on the Elbe, 34
m. N. N. W. Dresden, Pop. 1,600.
MuhUurg, t Baden, 6 m. W. Durlach. Pop.
800. Muhldorf, t Ausfria, onthe Danube, 46 m. W.
Vienna, Muhldorf, t Bavaria, on the Inn, 41 m. E, by
N, Munich. Pop. 1,300.
Muhlenbach, or Ssass-Sebes, t TrEmaylvania, on
the Muhlbach, 48 m. W. Hermannatadt Pop.
4,000. Muhknbach, v. Baden, 2 m. S. S. E. Hasslach,
11 E, S, E, Lahr, Pop, 800.
Muhlenburg co. Kentucky. Pop. 4,181. Slaves,
480. Chief town, Greenville.
Muhlhausen, t Prussian Saxony, io the govern^

MUL
mentofErfurt,atthe confluence ofthe Unatrutt
Erad Schwemotte, It is surrounded by higfa walla,
flanked with towera. It has breweries, diatille-
riea, and aeveral manufacturea, particularly the
weaving of cloth, both linen and woollen, and tfae
apinning of yarn, 29 m, N,W, Erfurt, 43 E, S,
E, Caaael, Lon, 10°2ffE, Lat5l° 12'59"N, Pop,
9,400, MidiOumsen, t East Prussia, in Konigaberg, 13
m, E;. by N. Elbing, Pop, 1,600,
Muhlhausen, or Mitirska, t Bohemia, 46 ra, S,
Prague, Pop. 900,
MiihUumsen. See MuUiausen.
MuhUrop, t. Saxony, in VogtlErad, 10 m, W, by
N, Plauen, Pop, 1,200,
Muiden, or Muyden, t, Holland, on the Zuyder
Zee, 7 m, E, by S, Amaterdara, Lon, 5° 4' 15" E,
Lat 52° Iff 48" N, Pop, 1,000,
Muirkirk, v. Scotland, in Ayrahire, 30 ra, S,
Glaagow, Pop, 1,000,
Mujaxar, t Spain, in Granada, near the Medi
terranean, 39 ra, N, E, Almeria, 97 E. Granada,
Pop, 2,000,
Muju, r. BrEizil, which falls into tfae Amazons in
the bay of Para, in lat, 1° Sff S,
Mulatas, small islands inthe Spanish Main, near
the isthmua of Darien, Lou, 78° ff to 78° Sff W,
Lat 9° 2ff to 9° 35'N,
Mulatre, Paint, cape, Dominica, on the eaat
coaat Lon, 61" 17' W, Lat, 16° 2ff N,
Mulassono, t. Piedraont, 18 m, S, by E, Alba,
Pop. 2,260.
Mulberry, t Arkanaaw Territory, on the N. aide
ofthe river Arkansaw, bordering on the country
ofthe Osage Indians.
Mulda, r. Gerraany, which rises among the Su
detic raountaina, andjoins the Elbe between Des
sau and Zerbst,
Muldau. See Moldau.
Mulgrove, Paint, point on the N, W, ahore of
Araerica, Lon, 194° 61' E, Lat, 67" 45' N.
Mutha-usen, or Muhlhausen, t, France, in Upper
Rhine, near the river 111, The manufactures are
very considerable, coraprising printed cottona to a
large exent ; alao woollen and linen, 22 m, N, W,
Bale, 28 S, Colraar, Pop, 9,600,
Mulheim, t, Prusaian atatea, in Cleves-and-Berg,
on the Roer, which here becomes navigable, 15
m, N, N, E, Dusseldorf, Pop, 3,100.
Mulheim, t. PrusaiEm states, at the influx of the
Stronderbach into the Rhine. 3 m. N, of Cologne,
Pop, 3,200.
Mulheim, or Mullheim, t. Baden, 3 ra. W, Ba-
denwefler. Pop, 1,700, ,
Mull, ancientiy called Dreolih, isl. of the He
bridea, 35 railea long, and containing 420 aquare
milea. The island is for the most part rugged and
mountainous. Grain is not cultivated to an extent
sufficient for the supply ofthe inhabitants, but the
land is well adapted to grsizing. The total atock
of sheep is calculated at 16,000. Lon. 6° W, Lat,
56° Sff N, Pop, in 1810, 9,303,
MuU, Sound af, arm of the aea, lying between
tfae ialand of M ull and tfae raainland of Argyll and
Juverneaa-shirea. Mull of GaUoway. See Galloway.
MuUahpore, t. Hind, in Oude, on the Gognfa,
Lon, 81° Iff E, Lat, 27° 40' N,
Mulkn's Island, sraall isl, in the gulfofMexico,
near the coast of Florida, Lon, 82° 55' W, Lat
28° 1' N,
Mulkt, peninsula, Ireland, iu the county of
Mayo, about 9 mfles long, and 2 wide.

M U N

48'?

Mullico hill, p-v, Gloucester qo, N, J.
Mullicus, r, N, J, which runs into Little Egg
harbor, 4 m, E, of Leeds, It is navigable 20 mflea
for vessels of 60 tons,
Mullingor, t. Ireland, in West Meath, 39 m.
W, N, W, Dublin, Lon, 7° Iff W, Lat 53°
31' N,
Mullrase, Canal af, canal, Prussia, in the prov
ince of Brandenburg, which begins at Newbruck,
on the Spree, and terminates at the lake of Briesod
on the Oder, It ia about 14 miles long, haa ten
sluices, Emd forms part ofthe great chain of inland
communication which extends from Warsaw to
Hamburgh, Mullrose, t, Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 9
ra, S, S, E, Frankfort on the Oder. Pop. 1,200.
Mullungur, district, Hind, in Hyderabad, be
tween 18° and 19° E. lon.
Mulluvia, r. Africa, which forms the boundary
between the territory of Algiera and that of Mo
rocco, and after a courae from S.toN, of about
200 mfles, falls into the Mediterranean, iu lon. 2°
ff W. lat. 34° Sff N.
Multnomah, or Wallaumut, large r. N. Ameri
ca, wfaicfa fsills into theColumbia frora the S. about
100 miles before the latter enters the Pacific ocean.
The Multnoraafa is 600 yards wide near its mouth,
and very deep. Ita courae, however, is but iraper-
fectly known, and is laid down in Lewia and
Clarke' a map, from a sketch drawn by an Indian
with his finger, in the dust
Mulwagul, fort, India, in Mysore, Lon, 78° 25'
E, Lat 13° 10' N,
Muncey, p-t, Lycoming co. Pa, Pop, 1,426.
Muncey creek, r. Pa. which runs into the E. side
ofthe SusquehEranah, 23 ra, above Northumber
land., Munchberg, t Bavaria, II m. S. S. W. Hof, 20
N. N. E, Bayreuth. Pop. 1,700,
Muncheberg, or Manickberg, t Prussia, in Brau
denberg, S3 ra, E. Berlin. Pop. 1,500.
Munchen-grats, or Hrodifstie, or Gredilz, t.
Boheraia, on the Iser, 38 m. N. E. Prague. Pop.
1,600. Munchenstein, v. Switz, 4 m. S, Bale.
Mundatafal, t Hind, in Khandesh. Lon. 76° 17'
E, Lat22°2ffN.
Munden, t. inthe S. W. of Hanover, at the con
fluence ofthe Werra and the Fulda, whose united
atrearaa take here the narae, of Weaer. It faas,
frora its position, a brisk carrying trade, partly by
lEmd, more by waler. 9 m, N, E, Cassel, 15 W. S.
W. Gottingen. Pop. 4,500.
Munder, t Hanover, on the Haraeln, 18 ra, E,
S, E. MundenT Pop. 1,500.
Munderar, district, Afghanistan, in Cabul, about
35° N. lat,
Munderkingen, t. Wirtemberg, 20 m, W. S. W,
Ulm. Pop. 1,600.
Mundessor, diatrict. Hind, in Mulwah, between
24° "and 25° N.lat
Mundfordville, p-t. Harden co. Ken, on Green
river, 30 ra. below Greenaburg, SO from Litch
field, Mundlah, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, on the Nar
budda river. Lon. 81° 10' E. Lat. 22° 44' N.
Munduim, t. India, in Myaore, Lon, 77° 4' E,
Lat! 12° SI' N,
Muneville la Bingord, t. France, in La Manche^,
5 ra, N, by W, Coutances. Pop. 1,600.
Mungalsheim, t. Baden, 10 m. N. by E. Bruch
sal, 15«, S. E, Heidelberg, Pop, 1,200.

488

M U N

Mungulhaut, t. Bengal, It carries on a consid
erable trade of cotton gooda, &c, with Bootan, Lon,
89°20'E, Lat 26" 69^ N. '
Mungulore, t. Afghanistan, in Cabul, Lon, 71°
15' E. Lat 34° Iff N,
Mungulwara, t. Hind, in Bejapore, 16 m. S, E,
Panderpore. Munich, city and capital of Bavaria, ia on the W.
bank ofthe laer. The streets are in general broad
and atraight, the housea are high, and of good ap
pearance. Amongthe numerous public buildinga,
the palace holds the first rank : it is a large edi
fice, plain on tfae outside, but in its interior, mag
nificent The total number of churcfaes is 22,
Among the other public buildings, are the palace
of duke Maximilian, the barracks, the large hoa
pital, the workhouse, and the new mint. The
charitable inatitutions are numerous and Uberal ;
they were rendered effectual for the abolition of
mendicity, by the exertiona of count Ruraford,
whose establishraent for preparing and distributing
economical soup still remains. It is the seat of tfae
higfaer courts of justice, and of the government of
fices ; alao the place of meeting of the Bavarian
parUament, It ia to these estabUafamenta that tfae
infaabitanta chiefly owe their aupport ; for the
trade and manufactures are very limited. Pop,
including the suburba, 60,024, 220 m. W, Vien
na, 116 E, S.E, Stutgard. Lon. 11" SffE. Lat 48"
ffN. Munkacs, t. in the N. E, of Hungary, It faas
stocking raEraufaclures, iron worka, and one of the
largest saltpetre works in the Austrian dorainions,
67 ra, E, by S, Caschau, 162 E, S. E, Cracow.
Pop,«,000, Munnerstadt, t Germany, 37 m. N, N, E, Wurz
burg, Pop, 1,400,
Munnipore, t, Birraan empire, capital of Cassay,
Lon, 94° Sff E, Lat 24° 2ff N,
Munsingen, t. Wirtemberg, 26 ra, S, S, E. Stut
gard, 20 W, Uira, Pop, 1,300,
Munroe. See Monroe.
Munson. See Monsan.
Munster, a government of the Prussian stales,
containing the N, W. portion of the province of
WeatphaUa, Area, 2,820 sq, mfles. Pop, 316,000.
It ia divided into the following len cfrclea or dis
tricts : Munster, Tecklenburg, Wahrendorf, Bec-
kum, Ludinghausen, Koeafeld, Recklinghausen,
Borken, Ahaus, and Sleinfurt Thia government
has been made out of the former bishopric of
Munster and severEd other territories,
Munster, city ofthe N, W, of Germany, in the
Prussian province of Westphalia, formerly cap, of
a hishopric, now of the government of Munster, is
on both sides of the Aa, about 6 miles from the
Eras, Il was aurrounded with a double mound
and a moat, until 1765, when the -water was
drained off the moat, and the mounds laid out in
public walks and gardens. The citadel waa also
deraoliahcd. In 1648, a treaty of general pence
waa concluded here, which is soraetimes called the
treaty of Munster and sometimes the treaty of
Weatphalia. 60 m, N, N, E. Duaaeldorf, 92 W,
S, W, Hanover, Lon, 7° Sff E, Lat, 51° 5ff N,
Pop, 13,900,
Munster, t France, in Upper-Rhine, 6 m, W,
Colmar. Pop, 2,500,
Munster, t, Switz, 12 m, N, N, W, Lucerne,
Munster, t. Switz, in ValEua, 40 ra, S, Lucerne.
Munster, the S, W, province of Ireland ; bound
ed N, by Connaught, E, by Leinster, S. and W.
by the sea. It comprises six counties, viz, Clare,

MUR
Kerry, Limerick, Cork, Tipperary, and Water- ,
ford, Munster p-v. Cambria co. Pa,
Munsterberg, t. Prussian states, 36 m, S, W.
Breslau. Pop. 2,600,
Munster Eiffel, t Prusaian atates, 24 m, S, E.
Juliers, 34 N, W. Coblenta, Pop, 1,400,
Muntendom, v. Netherlands, in Groningen, 8
ra. W, Winschoten, Pop, 1,100,
Munsesheim, t. Baden, 6 m, E, Bruachal, Pop,
1,000. Muania, r. Lapland, which joins the Tornea,
By the treaty of 1809, it forras the boundary be
tween Ruaaian and Swediah Lapland.
Muonioniska, Oevre and Nedre, 2 vfllagea of
Russian Lapland, 150 ra. N, Tornea, Lat. 68° N.
Mur, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9 m, W,
Loudeac. Pop. 2,100.
Muraeh, t. Bavaria, 7 m. E. Nabburg. Pop.
2,500, Murano, t AustriEm Italy, on an island inthe
Lagunes, a little E. of Venice. It is the place
where the celebrated Venetism glasses and mir
rors are made. Pop. 4,300.
Murano, t. Naplea, in Calabria, II m. S.W.
Casaano. Muroan. See .Maurao.
Murat, t. France, in Cantal, 15 m. N.W. St
Flour. Pop. 2,600.
Murat, t. France, in Tarn, 9 m. E. La Caiilit.
Pop, 3,100.
Murou, t. Austrian states, 28 m. W, by S, Ju
denburg, 63 W, Gratz, Fop. 900.
Murassano, t. Piedraont, 25 m. N. W. Savona.
Pop 2,300,
Murcia, province, Spain, on the Mediterranean,
between Valencia on the E, and Andalusia on flie
W. Area, 8,000 sq. railes. Pop. 384,000. Its
aspect is in general raountainoua ; its cliniate is
very fine. The soil is in general fertfle, producing
wheal, barley, hemp, rice, vinea, oUves, molber-
riea, saffron ; also citrons, pomegranates, and al
monds. Murcia, t. S. E. Spain, and cap, of the above
province, on the Segura, in the midst of a large
and beautiful valley. It ia the see of a bishop,
whose revenue ia aaid to exceed 20,0(K)f, sterUng
a year. The cathedral ia raagnificent Here is a
refinery of saltpetre, and near the tows, several
powder mills, worked for account of govemment
The establishment for twisting ailk is extensive.
106 ra, S, S. W. Valencia, 140 E. by N, Jaen.
Lon. l°ffW, Lat37°5ffN, Pop. 35,000,
Murderer's Bay, bay on Uie W. coast of Ni«
Zealand, between Cape FareweU and Rocky
Point Lat 40° 49' S,
Mure, t. France, in Isere, 18 m. S. Grenoble,
Pop, 2,100.
Mureck, t Austrian states. S, S. E. Gratz, Pop,
900. Muret, t France, at Uie confluence of the Rheze
and Garonne, 9 ra, S. Toulouse, Pop. 3,200.
Murfreesborough, p-t, Hertford co. N, C, at the
faead of navigation on Meherrin river, SOm. N.W.
Edenton, It ia a place of considerable trade. The
public buildings are an academy and a Methodist
cliurcb, boUi of brick,
Murfreesborough, p-t, Rutherford co. Tennessee,
and capital of the state, 3'2 m. S. E, Nashville, 160
W, KnoxviUe. Lat 3,5" 5'-2' N, Lon. 86° 35' W,
The surrounding country is level and very fertile,
abounding with wheat, cotton and tobacco. The
town waa made tlie seat of government iu 1817,

M U S

M U T

489

and contains a court-house, jail, academy, bank,
meeting-house, and about two hundred housea;
and, in 1818, more than 1,000 inhabitanta,
Murg, I-, Gerraany, which rises near Oppenau,
and, after a courae of near 100 milea, falls into the
Rhine near Raatadt,
Murg, one of the ten circlea of the grand duchy
of Baden, on the river Murg,
Murg, V. Baden, near the Rhine, 3 ra, W, Klein
Laufenburg, Pop, 1,200,
Murialto, t. Piedmont, on the Bormida, 15 m,
S, E, Mondovi,
Murichom, t Hind, in Bootan, Lon, 89° 28' E,
Lat 27° ff N,
Murkutchoe, t Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 45' E.
Lat 24° 23' N.
Mumau, t. BavariEi, 10 m. S. Weflheim, and 14
E..Schongau. ¥ap. 1,100.
Jtoero, t Italy, 70 m. E. Naplea. Pop. 1,500. R
ia the aee of a bishop.
Muro, t. Naples, in Terra di OtrEuito, 6 m. N.
N. E. Alessano, Pop, 1,600,
Murom, t Ruaaia, al the confluence of the Mu-
romka and the Oka, 62 m, E, S, E, Vladimir, Lon,
42° Iff E, Lat, 66° 7' N, Pop, 6,500,
Muros, t Spain, in Galicia, 31 ra. W. Compoa-
tella. Pop. 2,400.
Murowo'na Gaslina, t Prussian states, 12 m. N.
Posen. Pop. 1,000.
Murr, r. Wirtemberg, which falls into the Nec-
kEir, near Marbach.
• Murr Islands, smEdl islanda near the S. coast of
Labrador. Lon. 59°ffW. Lat 60" 32' N,
Murray, t, Northuraberland co. Up. Canada, on
the bay of Quinti, at the mouth ofthe river Trent,
Murray, p-t. Genesee co, N, Y. on Lake Onta
rio, 18 m, N, E, Batavia, Pop, 1,166,
Murray bay, or Malbay, seigniory, Northumber
land CO. Lower Can-ada, on the N. side of the St.
Lawrence, 66 m. N. E. Quebec.
Murray Harbour, harbour on the E. coast of the
island of St. John, in the gulf of Sl. Lawrence,
L,on. 62°2ffW. Lat 46° N.
' Murray' s ferry, p-v. Williamsburg co, S. C,
Murray's Islands, three islands in Torres straits,
between the coaat of New Guinea and J^ew Hol
land. The largest ia nearly two miles long. Lou.
ofthe largest, 144" 2' E. Lat. 9° 54' S.
Murray' smiUs, p-v. Westraoreland co. Pa.
Murroysvilk, t. Alleghany co. Pa. 12 m. from
Greensburg, 17 E. Pittsburg.
MurraysviUe, p-v. Buncombe co. N. C.
Murrhard, t Wirteraberg, on the Murr, 22 ra,
N. E, Stutgard, Pop. 1,900,
Murten, in French Moral, t. Switz. 12 m, W.
Berne. Pop. 1,500.
Murton, v. Eng. in Westmoreland, 3 ra. E. N. E.
Appleby. Murviedro, or Marviedra, t Spain, in Valencia,
13 ra. N. E. Valencia, and 25 S. E. Segorbe. Lon.
0"lffW. Lat 39° 47' N. Pop. 6,100.
Murviedro, r. Spain, in Valencia, which runa
into the sea below the town of Murviedro,
Murviel, v. France, in Herault, 9 m. N. E. Be
ziers, 40 W. MontpeUer. Pop. 1,400.
Mury, t. Switz. in Aarg-au, 4 m. S. by W. Brep-
garten. Murzsusschlag, t. Austrian states, 20 m. E. N. E.
Bruck. Pop. 800.
Musa, or Moosa, v. Yemen, in Arabia, 20 m, E,
Mocha, Musberg, v, Wirtemberg, near Stutgard, Pop,
1,400. 8.2

Muabury, t Eng, in Lancashire, 8 m, N, N, W.
Bury. Pop, 689.
Muscat. See Mascat.
Muscle Canal, atrait on the N, W, coaat bf Amer
ica, leading into Carter' a bay.
Muscle shoals, in Tennessee river, 250 m. above
its mouth, and the same distance below the Suck.
They extend about 25 milea ; the river apreads to
the width of 3 miles, and is fuU of ialanda. The
passage of the sheila ia difficult, except when the
river is high. Congress passed an act, during the
last session, for the improvement of the navigation
of the river at this place.
Mushanan, r. Pa. whicfa forms tfae boundary
between Centre and Huntingdon counties, and
falls into a branch ofthe Susquehannafa.
Musktt, or Muskau, t. Prussian statea, 62 m. N.
E. Dreaden. Pop. 1,400.
Muskingum, co. Ohio, on the Muskingum. Pop.
in 1815, 11,200. Chief town, Zanesville, .
Muskingum, r, Ohio, which risea in Portage co,
and running S. 200 milea, joina the Ohio at Marir
etta. At ila mouth, it ia 250 yarda wide. It is
navigable 100 milea lo Coahocton, for large boata,
and for sraall boata, to ita aource, whence there is
a portage of only one raile to the Cuyahoga, which
runa into Lake Erie, At Zanesville, there are
considerable rapids in the river, A corapany is
formed for the purpoae of constructing a canal
around them, 'l^hey intend alao erecting on tho
canal extensive iron works,
Muskogulge, or Muskogees. See Creeks.
Masa, t. New Granada, 70 m. N. Sante Fe de
Bogota. Lon, 73° 30' W, Lat, 5° Iff N.
Musquito creek, p-v. Trumbull co. Ohio.
Mussafurpore, or Mujafurpare, t Hind, in Ba
har, Lon. 85° 2ff E. Lat. 26° Iff N.
Musselburgh, t. Scotland, in Edinburgh co, at
the mouth of the Esk, Betwixt tbe sea and the
town lie the extenaive downs called the Mussel
burgh links, where the Edinburgh races were
held for the first lime in October 1816, 6 m, E,
by S. Edinburgh, Pop. ,5,500.
Mussendaon, or Musskdoon, cape, Arabia, at
the mouth ofthe Peraian gulf.
Musser's mills, p-v, Columbiana co, Ohio,
Mussy VEveque, t. France, in Aube, on the
Seine, 15 ra. S. Troyes. Pop. 1,700.
Mustapho Pacha Kiupri, t. Eu. Turkey, 18 ra.
N. W, Adrianople.
Mustapho Pacha Palanka, fort, Eu, Turkey, in
Bulgaria, 66 ra. W. N. W, Sophia, 22 S, E. Nissa,
Mustaphabad, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon, 76° 47'
E, Lat. 30° 2ff N,
Mustygannim, a-p. Algiera, in the province of
Tlemsan. It ia defended by three caatles. Lon.
0" Sff E. Lat. 36° ff N.
Musumdli, t. Sicily, 10 ra. N. E. Castro Novo,
26 N. by E. Girgenti.
Muttaude, t. India, in Myaore. Lon. 76° 25' E.
Lat, 13° 39' N,
Mutterstadt, t. Bavaria, 11 ra, N. W, Speri, 14
S, Worma, Pop, 1,460.
Mutton Boy, bay on tfae N. side of the river St,
Lawrence, on the coaat of Canada, Lon, 69° W,
Lat 48° 25' .N,
Muttra, t. Oraraon, in Arabia, 3 m, W, Maacat
Mutuales, or Metuales, an independent people
of Syria, inhabiting an extenaive valley between
tfae raountains of Libanua and Anti Libanus, They
derive their narae from Mutual, a celebrated Sar
acen chief, who desl^yed the ancient Persian re-

490

NAB

ligion, and substituted the worahip of Mahomecl,
Balbec is in their territory.
Muting, t, France, 12 m, W, Strasburg, Pop,
2,600, Muy, V, France, in Var, 9 m, W, Frejus, Pop,
1,600, Musillac, t. France, in Morbihan, 14 m, S, E,
Vannes, Pop, 3,600,
Muzufirobad, t. Afghanistan, and cap, of a dia
trict Lon. 72" 22' E. Lat, 34" 4' N,
Muzsa, r. Auatrian Itsdy, which falla into the
Adda, 8 ra. S, E, Lodi,
Myceiue, once a city of Greece, in the N, E. of
Peloponneaus, Its ruins remain exactly aa de
scribed by Pausanias, 8 ra. N, E. Argos, 22 S. Co
rinth, Mycondah, t, India, in Mysore, Lon, 76° IffE,
Lat, 14° 16' N.
Myconi, or Mykone, ial, of the Grecian Archi
pelago, between Nsixes and Tino, in lon, 26° 23'
E. Lat, 37° 27' N, 21 milea in circumference.
The inhabitants, amounting to 1,000, are Greek
Christians. Mydan, district, A%hanistan, in Cabul, between
33° and 34° N, lat *
Mydrecht, t. Netherlands, 12 m, W, S, W, Ut
recht Pop, 1,800,
Myer, t Hind, in Allahabad, Lon. 80" 50' E.
Lat 24° 21' N,
Myerstawn, p-t Lebanon co. Pa,
Mylou, t. Saxony, 9 ra, N, E, Plauuen. Pop,
1,650, Mymunsing, district, Bengal, between 24° and
26° N, lat. The chieftown is Bygonbarry, which
ie the reaidenceof the judge and collector,
Mynotpare, t Hind, in Bahar, Lon. 86° 16' E,
Lat 26° SffN,
Mynaw, i, Eng, which runa into the Wye at
Monraouth, Myo Isle, isl. in the Eastern seas, in the Moluc
ca passage, which separates Celebes and Gilolo,
Lon, 126" Iff E, Lat 1" 23° N,
Myra, in Sac, Geog. one of the chief cities of
Lycia, in Asia Minor,
Mysia, in Sac, Geog, province of Aaia Minor,
divided into Greater and Leaa, Mysia Greater
was situated between Mysia Less, Phrygia, Bithy
nia, and Uie ^gean sea ; Mysio Less, between
the Hellespont and Propontis.
Myrtle Island, one of the ChEindeleur islands.

. N A C
Mysknice, the most weatem circle of Austrian
Poland, aeparated from the territory of Cracow by
the Vistula, Extent, 1,230 square mflea. Pop,
nearly 160,(H)0, Myalenice, the chieftown, ia on
the Baba, 16 ra, S, Cracow,
Mysol Isle, ial, in the Eaatem seas, midway be
tween Ceram and Papua, It ia 50 railea long by
15 broad, Lat 2° S,
Mysore, properly Maisoor, province of the S, of
India, between 11" and 1-5" N, lat and aurrounded
by the Britiafa territoriea, aubject to the presiden
cy of Madras. This province consiata of high ta
ble land, elevated S.OfK) feet above the level ofthe
aea. The climate is temperate and healthy to a
degree unknown in any other tract of aimilar ex
tent within the tropics, Ita aoil producea not only
all tfae graina and vegetables of other parts of India,
but alao many ofthe fruits of Europe, The culti
vation is alao much aided by means of reaervoips
and wells, from whence the farmers irrigate their
fields and gardens. The inhabitants are in gene
ral Hindoos, Under Hyder Aly, and Tippoo Sol-
tan, t|jia country was at WEir with the Britiah, but
it ia now united in the firmest alliance. The pres
ent rajah was placed on the throne by the British,
who secured to him a revenue of 1,(60,0002, ster
ling, with the entire raEmageraent of the country,
by his own officers, but aubject to the general su
perintendance ofa Britiah resident,
Mysore, t. India, and cap.of the prorince of My
sore, is about 9 infles from Seringapatam, on the
top ofa lofty hill. It ia well suppUed -with water and
proviaiona, and is considered much more healthy
than Seringapatara. Lon, 76" 52' E, Lat 12° 16' N,
Mystic, r. Mass. which flows into Boaton har
bour. It ia navigable for sloops 4 mflea, to Med
ford.- Mystic, p-v. New-London co. Ct
Mysziniec, t. PolEuid, 80 m, N, by E, Warsaw,
83 E, N, E, Plock, Pop, 800.
Mytilene, or Metelin, isl, of the Mediterranean,
near the S. coEistof Aaia Minor, about 36 mfles long
and 12 broad. It was Uie ancient Lesbos, celebra
ted as tfae abode of voluptuousness. It is fertile,
and exports oil, figs, and wool. There are several
fine ports. The population,consisting of Greeks and
Turks_^s variously estiraated from40,000 tol00,000,
Mytilene, townof. See Castro.
Msensk, t. Eu. Ruasia, in Orel, 32 m, N. E,
Orel, Pop, 5,000,

N.

Naaldwyk, V, Netherlands, in South Holland,
14 ra. W, N, W, Rotterdam, Pop, 1,300,
Naaman's Creek, r. Delaware, which runs into
Delaware river, at Marcus hook.
Naarden, or Noerden, a-p. Netherlanda, on the
Zuyder Zee, 11 m.E, S, E, Amsterdam, 14 N,
Utrecht. Pop, 1,800,
Naos, t, Ireland, in Kildare co. 26 ra. N. W,
Wicklow, 17 S, W, Dublin, Lon, 6° 42' W, Lat
53° Iff N,
Nab, or Naab, r. Bavaria, is formed by the un
ion of three otreauia at Au, a-nd faUs into the
Danube below Ratisbon,

Nabujaa, Ria, r. New Mexico, which fulls into
th'e Rio Colorado of California,
Nobal, t Tunia, in Africa, 32 m. S, S. E, Tunis.
Nabburg, t Bavaria, 11 m, E, Araberg, Pop-
1,600, Nabyou, small isl, in the Persian gulf, 50 m. &•
Congo. Naldous. See Naplous.
Naban, a-p, Laristan, in Peraia, 70 m, W, Lar.
Nachego, large lake of Quito, which Horn by a
narrow channel into Uie river Cahuapanaa, in lat
5° 2ff S.
Naichelo, a-p, Laristan, in Peraia, at themouOi

NAG
of a river wliich falls into the Peraian gulf. It is
defended by a fort, and ia under the dominion of
the Wahabi, 60 m. S, S. W, Lar,
Nachisschevan, t Eu, Ruaaia, in Ekaterinoalav,
on the Don, Pop, 4,000,
Nacho, o:- Puerto de Calvados, t. Mexico, in Hon
duras, 100 m, W, N. W, Comayagua, 30 N, Gra
cias a Dioa, Lon, 89* Sff W, Lat 15° N.
Nachod, t, Boheraia, on the Metau, 20 ra. W,
Glatz, Pop, 1,400.
Nttckshievan, or Nuckshievan, t Persian Arrae
nia, 85 m. S. E. Erivan.
ffacogdoches, t Mexico, in Texas. Lon. 94°
17' W. Lat 31° 27' N.
JVacongo, r. W. Africa, which falls into the At
lantic, in lat 5° 15' S,
Nadder, r, Eng, which runs into the Willy, at
Wilton. Nadegadoo, district, on the E, side of Ceylon,
between 7° and and 8° N, lat.
Nadelburg, v. Ausfria, at the confluence of the
Leitha and the Fischa, 6 ra, E, Wienerisch-Neu-
atadt Nademsee. See Dammische See. ¦.
Nadimskoi, t Ruaaia, on the gulf of Obi, at the
mouth of the river Nadim. Lon, 73" 44' E. Lat.
66" 26' N.
Nadir, v. Lower Egypt, on the W. bank of tfae
NUe, 28 ra. N.N, W. Cairo.
Nodone, t Hind, in LEiliore. Lon. 76° 47' E.
Lat 31° 5ff N.
Nadudvar, t. Hungary, 21 m. W. S. W. De
breczin. Naefels, t. Switz, in Claris, 4 m. N. Claris,
Naff, r. Hind, wfaich divides Bengal frora Arra-
ean. Nag's Head, cape, on the S. end of the W.
coast of St Christopher. Lon. 63° 33' W. Lat
17°2ffN. Nagal, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the E. side of the
Ganges. Lon. 78° Iff E. Lat 29° 4ff N.
Nagamangalam, fort, India, in Mysore. Lon.
76° 57' E. Lat 12° 4ff N.
JVagera, See Naxera.
Nagercote. See Bime.
Nagerilla, Laglera, or Aglera, r. SpEiin, in Old
Castile, whicfa runs into the Ebro, 6 mS^. Cal
zada, Naghery, t, India, in the CEu-natic, Lon. 79°
46'E, Lat 13° IffN.
Nagjery, t. Hind, in Khandesh, belonging to the
Mahrattaa. Lon. 75° 50' E. Lat 21° 25' N.
Nagold, t Wirteraberg, 24 m, W. S, W, Stut
gard, Pop, 1,800.
Nagold, 1'. Wirtemberg, whicfa fEdla into the
Enz, at Pfortzheim.
Nagore, s-p. India, in Tanjore. Lon, 79° 55' E.
Lat 10° 4ff N.
Nagore, district. Hind, in Ajmeer. Nagore,
the capital, is in lon. 74° Iff E. lat 27° N,
Nagore, or Nagorcote, fort, Hind, in the moun
tains of Sewalic. It is mentioned in history as
early as the year 1118, when it was taken by the
Mahometans; but sorae doubts are entertained
whether it ia not the place now called Kangrah ;
which see,
JVogore, or Noghore, t. Bengal, Lon, 87° 20' E,
Lat, 23° 6ff N,
Nagorebussy, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon, 86° E.
Lat 26° 22' N,
Nagpoor, Chuta, district. Hind, in Bahar, be
tween 22° and 23° N, lat
Nagpoor, t Hind, and capitEd of the Mahratta

N A I

491

territories, in the province of Gundwaneh or Be
rar, Pop, 80,000, Lon, 79° 46' E, Lat, 21° ff N,
Nagracka, r. Arkansaw Territory, which falla
into toe Arkansaw, on the S, W, side, in lon, 99°
20' W, It ia navigable 150 raflea,
Nagraginskoi, t A. Rusaia, in Tobolak, 176 m,
N, Tobolak,
Nogualapa, or St. Pedro, r. Mexico, which runs
into the Pacific ocean, in lat, 19° 30 N.
Nagy Abad, t Hungary, 40 m. W, by N, Funf
kirchen, Nagyag, v. Transylvania, near Deva, remarka
ble for a ricfa raine of telluriura,
Nagyag, i, Hungary, which falls intothe great
river 'Theyss.
Nagy-Bojam, t. Hungary, 26 ra, S, S, W, De
breczin, Nagy-Banya, or Neustadt, t, iu tfae N, E, of
Hungary, It is the capital of one of the foUr large
mining districts into wfaich the wfaole of Hungary
is divided. Pop. 4,600, 91 m. E, by N, Debrec
zin. Nagy-Enyed, or Strassburg, t. Transylvania, 18
m. N, Carlshurg, Pop, 6,000,
Nagy-Ido, v. Hungary, 10 ra, S. by W, Kas-
chau. Nagy-Kallo, t Hungary, 25 ra, N. N, E, De
breczin. Pop, 3,200.
Nagy-Kapos, t. Hungary, 12 m, W, S, W,
Unghvar, Nagy-Karoly, t. Hungary, 40 m. E, by N, De
breczin, Pop, 7,600,
Nagy-Kata, t. Hungary, 31 m. E, by S. Pest
Pop. 4,000.
Nagy-Koresch, I. Hungary, 45 ra, S, S. E, Pest,
20 W, S. W, Szolnok, Lon, 19° 47' 47'' E. Lat
47" 1' 50" N, Pop. 12,000,
Nagy-Lecar, or Gross-Schutzen, t Hungary, 32
m. N. E, Vienna. Pop. 3,000.
Nahant, peninsula. Mass, in the town of Lynn,
14 ra. N, E. Boston, connected with the main land
by the narrow isthmus called Lynn beach. Il is a
cool and delightful summer retreat, and is a fa
mous resort of parties of pleasure from Boston,
Salera, Marblehead, and other neighboring towns.
Nahe, r. Gerraany, whicfa runs into the Rhine,
at Bingen.
Nahil, r. Barca, in Africa, which falls into the
Mediterranean. Lon, 40° 10' E, Lat 32° 10' N,
Nahn, district. Hind, in Delhi, on the Jurana,
between 30° and 32° N, lat Nahn, the capital,
is a place of considerable strength, Lon, '77° 7'
E, Lat, 30° 41' N,
Nahr el Berd, r. Syria, which falls into the
Mediterranean, 9 ra, N, Tripoli,
Nahr Eltemosieh or River af Crocodiles, r, Sy
ria, which falls into the Mediterranesm, 6 ra. S,
Tortosa. Nahr Gebail, r. Syria, which fails into the Me
diterranean, 4 m. S. Ladikieh.
Nahr Ibrahim, r. Syria, wfaich falla into the
Mediterranean, 20 m. N, Bairout,
Nahr el Kebir, r. Syria, wfaich falls into the Me
diterranean, 20 m. N. E, Tripoli,
Nahr Mcchatte, r. Palestine, which falla into the
Mediterranean, 3 m, N. Caifa,
Nahuelhuapi, lake. Chili, 100 milea in length,
Lon. 70° 40' W. Lat 41° 22' SO" S,
Naila, t. Bavarian states, 9 m, W, Hof, Pop.
1,200. Nailloux, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 20 nv
S.E.Toulouse, Pop. 1,200,

492

NAM

Nailly, t. France, iu Yonne, ou the riVer Yonne.
Pop. 900,
Nailseo, t. Eng. in Somersetshire, 9 ra, W. S. W.
Bristol. Pop, 1,313.
¦Nain, in Sao. Geog. city of Palestine, near Ca-
pernaura. Nain, Moravian settlement, in Pennaylvania, on
Lehigh river, estabUshed in 1'764. 60 m. N. Phil
adelphia. Nttith, in Sac. Geog. See Ramah.
Nairn, a amall county of Scotland, bounded N.
ty the Moray frith, E. and S. by Morayshire, and
W. by Invernesa-ahire. The county containa about
128,000 acrea, and 8,251 inhabitanta,
Nairn, a royal burgh, and cap, of Nairnahire,
at the mouth ofthe river Nairn, where it falla into
the Moray frith, 15$ ra, E, by N, Inverneaa, 102}
N. W, Aberdeen, Pop, nearly 2,000.
Nairn River, r. Scotland, which falla into the
Moray frith at the burgh of Nairn,
Nairs. See Malabar.
Najac, t. Franct, 9 ra, S, VUlefranche, Pop,
2,100, Najoo, small isl, in the Eastem seas, near the
W, coast of Celebes. Lon. 124° 25' E. Latl°2ff.S.
Nakel, or Nokia, t. Prussian Poland, on tfae
Netze, 16 m. W. by N, Broraberg, Pop, 1,500,
Nakskow, or Naskow, t. Denmark, iu the island
of Laaland, 15 m, W. by N. Marieboe. Lon. 11°
ff E. Lat. 54° Sff 20' N. Pop. 1,700.
Naldouruh, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, belonging
to the Mahrattas, Lon. 76°45'E, Lat 17° 27' N.
Natoes, a people of W, Africa, who inhabit the
banka ofthe Rio Nunez,
Nomacul, t India, aubject to the British. Il
possesses a strong fort Lon, 78° 5' E- Lat 11° 22'N,
Nanuigang, small isl. in the Eastern seas. Lon.
132° E. Lat 6° 45' S.
Namaquas, a people of Southern Africa, forming-j.
branch of the Hottentot race. See Hottentots.
Namasket, r. Mass. whicfa joins Bridgewater
river, to forra the Taunton.
Nambeody, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, belonging
to the Mahrattas. Lon. 73" 3' E. Lat 19° 15' N.
Nameszta, t. Hungary, 12 m. N. N. E. Arva.
Pop. 1,400.
Namfio, or Anaphe, sraall isl. of Eu. Turkey, in
the Grecian archipelago, E. of Santorin. It is
about 15 railes in circumference, and has a few
villages, inhabited by about 400 Greeks. Lon. 25°
4ff E. Lat. 36° 2ff N.
Namfio Paulo, small isl. in the Grecian archipe
lago, a Uttle S. of Namfio.
Nomiescht, t. Ausfrian atates, iu Moravia, 25 ra.
N. Znaim, 20 W. Brunn.
Namsen, r. Norway, which falls into a atrait of
the North aea, between the island of Otlenoe and
the raainland, in about lat 64° 25' N.
Namslau, t. Prussian atates, 29 m, E, by S, Brea
lau, Pop, 2,800.
Namur, one of the inlands and southern provin
ces of the Netherlands, bounded partly by the
French frontier, partly by the Belgic provinces of
Hainault, South Brabant, and Liege, Extent,
about 920 square mflea. Pop, 115,000. The chief
manufactures of the province are of iron, copper,
paper, leather, and woollena.
Namur, t. Netherlands, cap. of the foregoing
province, is at the r«nflux of the Sombre and the
Maese. It is defenUt d by a citadel, built on the
summit of a craggy rock. Here are extenaive
manufacturea of fire-arms, awords, knives, scis
sors, and other articles of iron, copper, and brass.

NAN
It is noted in hiatory for the long siege which it
sustained in 1692, againat Louia XIV, 30 m. S, W.
Liege, Lon, 4° 51' E, Lat 50° 2ff N, Pop.
15,085. Nonas, t Hungary, 23 m, N, by W, Debreczin,
P6p, 4,000,
Nanay, r. Quito, which enters the Amazons, in
lat. 3" 37' S,
Nancay, v. France, in Cher, 20 m. N, Bourgeas.
Pop, 900,
Nancevilk, p-v. Harriaon co, Indiana,
Noncowry, one of the Nicobar ialands, in the bay
of Bengal, Lon, 93° 4ff E, Lat 7° 57' N,
Nancy, city in the N, E, of France, cap, of
Meurthe, It is in a beautiful plEiin, on the left
bank of tfae Meurthe ; ia laige and weU built, and
accounted one of the moat pleasant towns in
France. The chief objects of its trEide are com
and wine. Its fortificationa, forraerly considera
ble, were dismantled alter the peace of Ryewick
in 1697, 30 ra, S, Metz, 16 W, Straaburg, 230 E.
Paris, Lon. 6° W E. Lat 48° 41' N, Pop,
30,000. Nondaprayago, place of pilgrimage, Hind, in
Serinagur, Lon. 79° 22' E, Lat SO" 22'N.
Nandere, diatrict. Hind, about 19° N. lat and
intersected by the river Godavery. It ia 150 milea
long, by about 35 broad, smd was formeriy denom
inated Sircar Telinraneh. Nandere, the capital,
is in lon. 77" 35' E. lat 19° ff N.
.Vandore, t India, in Circara. Lon. 82° 25'E
Lat 17" 27' N.
Nang'isacki, a large aeaport of Japan, at the S,
W. extrf,;r! ty of the isl. of Ximo. It ia the only
point of the empire al which Europeans are per
mitted to carry on any trade. Thia permission is
now entirely confined to the Duteb, who are al
lowed moreover to trafiic only on a smaU scale, and
under the most rigorous restrictions. They are
confined to tfae islEmd of Desima, only 600 feet
long and 120 broad, imraediately adjoining the
town of Nangasacki. It has two gates, one of
wfaich, looking to the town, is always well guard
ed by the Japanese, and locked at night; theother
looks lo the hEU-bour, and is open only when ves
sels are discharging or taking in their cargoes.
The Dutch corapany pay 15 per cent and private
traders 75 per cent on aU goods imported. The
Japanese town has neiUier walls nor fortifications,
Lon. 130° 12' E, Lat32»4ffN.
Ndn-gesu, sraall isl. near the coEist of China.
Lon. 1 1 9" 24' E, Lat 25° ff N.
Nangihan, Point, the S. exfreraity ofthe ialand
of Leyta. Lon. 124° 57' E. Lat 10° 2'N.
Nongira, or Neonjee, r, Missouri, a S, branch of
the Osage. About 20 miles from ita mouth, there
ia a perpendicular fall of 90 feet
Nanheim, t. Hesse-Cassel, 2 m, N, Friedberg,
16N. N.W. Hanau,
Nanjemay, p-t, and port of entry, Charles c»,
Md, near the river of Uie same n^me, which flowa
into the Potomac, It is a place of aome trade,
44 m. from Washington,
Nan/is, t France, in Seine-and-Mame, 12 m,
W, Provins, Pop, 2,000.
Nanka Islands, 3 amall ialands in the Eastem
seas, ncEu- the W. coaat of the ialand of Banea.
Lon. 105° 41' E. Lat 2° 22' S.
Nankang, a city of China, of the fu^st rank, in
Kiangaee, on a branch of the Poyang lake. Lon,
11.5° 39' E, Lat 29° SffN,
Nanking, a large city of China, not equalled

NAN

N A 0

493

perhaps by any in the world for the extent of
ground inclosed within its walla, Nsmking was
at one time the iraperial city and capital of South
ern China j but aince the aeat of govemraent, and
the six great tribunals, were transferred to Pekin,
it has lost its importance, and a considerable ahare
of ita population. About a third of ita area ia
now supposed to be unoccupied, Ita situation,
however, ia highly advantageous for commerce,
being on the S, bank ofthe river Yang-tae-kiang,
the largest in the empire; and veaaela of great
burden were once accustomed to sail up to it ; Euid
it atiU enablea Nanking to communicate by barka
with EiU the interior of tfae empire, while the great
canal afforda a navigation to Pekin, This city is
distinguiahed by its raanufacturea, above the reat
of the empire. The staple one ia silk, particularly
that of plain and flowered satins. Its principEil
ornaments are the gateways, which are very lofty
and splendid, aud the porcelain tower. Thia cel
ebrated pagoda ia of sm octagonal form, 9 atories
high, and mounted by 884 ateps. Lon. 118° 34'
E. Lat 32° 4'N.
Nan-^ing, city of China, of the first rank, in
Quangaee, Lon, 107° 44' E. Lat. 22° 44' N,
Nannucklao, amall isl, near the E, coast of Lab
rador, Lon, 60° W, Lat 56° 20' N,
Nonsan, small isl. near the coaat of China, Lon,
119°2ffE, Lat 26° 50' N,
Nansemond, co, in tfae S. E. pEU-t of Va. Pop,
10,324, Slaves, 4,462, Chieftown, Suffolk.
Nansemond, r. Va. which rises in Disraal swamp,
and falls into James river, a little W. of Elizabeth
river. II ia navigable to Sleepy hole for vessels of
250 tons ; to Suffolk for those of 100 tona ; and to
Milnera for those of 25 tons,
Nont, t France, in Aveyron, 10 m, S, E, Mil
haud, 18 N, Lodeve, Pop, 1,000.
Nantasket Raad, the entrance into Boston har
bour. Mass, S, of the lighthouse. It affords safe
anchorEige in from 5 to 7 fathoma water.
Nantchang, or Nonchang, city, China, capital
of Kiangsee, It carriea on a conaiderable frade
in porcelain. Lon. lis" 30' E. Lat. 28° 36' N,
Nanterre, t. Frsmce, 5 m, W, Paris,
Nantes, a large commercial city in the W. of
France, cap, of Loire Inferieure, on the right
bank ofthe Loire, 27 m, from its mouth. It con
tains a number of manufactures. The principal
are for the spinning, wea'ring, and printing of cot
ton ; also for making woollens and linens of varioua
qnaUtiea, Here are likewise manufactures of
cordage, earthenware, of glass, of hardware, and
of spirituous liquors. Ship-building, also, is car
ried ou to a conaiderable extent. The foreign
trade, though not great, extends to a number of
different countries. The intercourse with Arae
rica ia active and incresiaiiig, Frora tfae Weat In
diea the chief iraport is sugar, for whicfa there are
fifteen refineries in the town. By raeans of the
Loire and ita tributary streams, it aenda its mer
chandize into the interior of the kingdom, Nantea
ia the aee of a bishop. It has been the seat of sev
eral ecclesiastical councils, and is noted in hiatory
for the celebrated edict issued there in 1598, by
Henry IV, in favour of the Protestants, the recal
ofwhich, in 1685, by Louis XIV. is justly eouaid
ered a fatal error in that meraorable reign. The
environa of Nantea are delightful, particularly on
the banka ofthe Loire, Lon,l°22'W, Lat 47°
IffN, Nanteuil en Valke, t France, in Chsirente, 30
ro, N, by E. Angouleme, Pop. 1,200.

Nanteuil le Houdouin, t. France, in Oiae, 36 m,
N. E, Paria, Pop, 1,400,
Nontiat, t. France, in Upper- Vienne, 16 m, N.
W, Limogea, Pop, 1,600,
Nanticoke, r. Eastern shore of Md, which rises
in Delaware and runa into Fiahing bay in the
Cheaapeake, Nanticoke, p-t. Broome co. N. Y.
Nanlmill, East, t. Cheater co, Peu Pop, 1,544.
Nontmill, West, t. Cheater co. Pa, on the Branr
dywine. Pop. 1,188.
Nantuo, t France, 36 m, W. Geneva, Pop,
2,800, Nantucket, island, Masa, about 10 m. E, Mar-
tha'a Vineyard, and 24 S, of Cape Cod. It lies
between 41° Iff and 41° 22' N, lat and between
69° 56' and 70° IS' W, lon. It is 15 mfles long, and
containa about 50 aq, miles. The cUmate ia mild
compared with that of the adjacent continent The
soil ia light and sandy, but in some parts ia rich
and productive, particularly in hay. It was for
merly well wooded, but there is not now a single
tree of native growth. The land ia chiefly held in
common by tfae inhabitanta. All the cowa, amount
ing to about 500, feed togetfaer in one herd ; all
the aheep, 14,000 in one paature. The inhabi
tants are principally robust, enterprising seamen,
extensively engaged in the whale fishery, and they
have the reputation of being the most skilful and
adventurous seamen in the world. Tfaey auffered
severely botfa in the revolutionary and late war,
a large portion of their shipping being captured
by the Britiah. Since the peace, however, the
ivfaale fiahery has revived, and they had iu 1818,
46 afaipa, averaging more tfaan three hundred tons,
employed in this business. There are 30 sperma
ceti works on the islEmd, eraploying a capital of
$600,000. To the S. E. of tiiis island are the Nan
tucket shoals, where numerous vessels have been
shipwrecked. They extend about 50 miles ia
length, and 45 in breadth. Pop. in 1810, 6,807.
J^antucket, p-t. and port of entry on the above
island, 30 m, S, E. Falmouth, 60 S. E. New Bed
ford, 123 S, S, E, Boaton, It ia on a harbor, in
cluded within a large bay, which sfretches along
the whole northern side of the island, frora Sandy
point on the N, E, to Eel point on the W, The
bay raakes a fine road for ahipa, except with the
wind al N, W. when tfaere ia a faeavy sweU, The
harbor ia completely aafe from all winds, being
almost land-locked, the pointa at its entrance ap
proaching within a mile of each other. There is
a bar of sand at the mouth ofthe harbor on which
there ia only 74 feet of water at low tide, Nan
tucket ia the only town on the ialErad, and con
taina 2 bEmks, 2 insurance companiea, 6 houaea of
public worahip, 2 for Frienda, 2 for Congregation
aUsta, 1 forMethodiata, Pop. 6,807.
Nantucket Shoal, a bank about 60 mflea long,
and 46 broad, extending S, E, from the ialand of
its narae,
Nantucket Bay, N. J, Delaware bay, opposite
Borabay Hook,
Nantwich, or Namptwich, t, Eng, in Chester co.
a pretty considerable trading and raanufacturing
town. The chief business is the manufacture of
salt and shoes, 20 m, S. E. Cheater, 165 N, W.
London, Lon, 2° 31' W, Lat, 63° 4' N, Pop.
3,990. Non-Yang, t Cfaina, of the first rank, in Honan.
Lon. 1 12" 1 4' E. Lat, 33° 36' N,
JVao, Cope, promontory of Spain, on the coast
of Valencia, Lon, 0° U' 10" E,- Lat 38° 44' 40' N.

494

NAP

Naours, t France, in Sorame, 9 m, N. Amiena,
Pop, 1,500,
Napagedl, t, Austrian atates, in Moravia, outhe
March, 38 m. E, Brunn, Pop, 2,300,
Napokiang, a-p, great Loochoo ialand, about 5
m. from the capital, Lon, 127° 37' E, Lat 26°
IffN, Naples, country in the S, of Italy, forming the
continental part of the kingdom of the two Sici-
Ues, bounded N. W. by the States of the Church,
N. E. by the Adriatic, and S, and W. by the
Mediterranean, It extends frora 13° 16' to 18°
6ff E. lon, and from 37° 4ff to 42° 6ffN, lat R
ia of an irregular shape, and in comparing the Ital
ian peninsula to a boot!, it forms the foot and low
er part of the leg. Extent, 30,000 sq, railes.
Pop, above 5,000,060 by tfae returns of 1818, It
fe divided into the 15 follovring provinces :
Napoli or Naples, Molise,
Terra di Lavoro, Terra di Bari.
Principato Citra, Terra d' Otranto,
Principato Ultra, BasiUcata,
Abruzzo Ultra I. Calabria Citra.
Abruzzo Ultra II, Calabria Ultra I.
Abruzzo Citra, Calabria Ultra II,
Capitanata. The aurface of this kingdom is mountainous,
but it contains also a number of beautiful plains
and extensive vallies, which, under the influence
of an invariably mild climate, present a luxuri
ance of vegetation, and a beauty of scenery, hard
ly to be met with in any otfaer part of Europe,
"The kingdom is traversed by tfae great cfaain of
the Appenines, The southern pEirt of the king
dom of Naplea ia aubject to volcanoea and earth
quakes, which are sometiraes so violent aa to bury
whole cities in their ruins. Marshes are found On
various pEU-ls of the sea coast, and by tfaeir insa
lubrity, render sorae of the most fertile tracks al
most uninhabitable. The soil is light, and iu
aome parts volcanic, but in general fertile. The
moat common kinds are wheat, Indian corn, bar
ley, and in the colder situations rye. Nothing
can be ruder than the agricultural implements.
In many parts the grain is stiU separated from the
straw by the trampling of cattle ; in other parts
by two oxen dragging a rough and heavy stone,
which breaks the sheaves, and ahakes out the eara
of the corn. The other producta are rice in the
marshy tracta, cotton, tobacco, olivea, flax, and
hemp, — Manufacturea in thia country are atill in
their infancy, which arises from injudicious taxa
tion, and the insecurity of property. The capital
haa a great manufactory of porcelain, and another
of fire-arma. The navigation and comraerce of
the kingdom are limited. The exports are con
fined lo raw produce, such as oil, ailk, wool, fruit ;
to which are added, in amaller quantities, corn,
cotton, and wine. 'The imports are principally
brought from Britain, or in British veaaels. A
coraraercial treaty concluded in February 1816,
placed British subjects on a sirailar footing, as to
privileges and taxation, with the natives. In
January 1799, the city of Naplea was entered by
the French ; but was evacuated in June foUowing,
and the country was governed by its own aove
reign till the apring of 1806, when tfae city waa
again Occupied by the French, and Joseph Bona
parte was soon after proclaimed king; and, in
1808, on his removal to Spain, the crown waa con
ferred on Murat, After the final defeat of tfae
NeapoUtan array by the Austrians in the apring of
1815, the city of Naples was surrendered early in

NAP
May te a British aquadron.; and on 17th June,
king Ferdinand, after an absence of 9 yeart, made
bia entrance into his capital, where he waa receiv
ed with enthuaiEistic acclamations. In 1820, a
revolution took place in imitation of that of Spain,
and the people and army obtained from the king,
a proclamation of the Spanish constitution. The
eraperor of AustriE^ however, fearing that his
ItaUan aubjecta might catch the revolutionary
spirit, in March 1821 aent a powerful army into
the country, which occupied the capital and other
principal places, aud terminated the revolution
without much opposition,
Naples, a very large city in the S. W, of Italy,
and cap, of the kingdom of Naplea. The situR-
ti'on is one of the most delightful that can be im
agined. Seated partly on the decUvity of a hill,
partly on the margin of a spacioua bay, it apreads
ita population along the ahore, and covers the
shelving coasta and adJEicent erainencea, with ita
villas and gardens. The bay ia extensive, and
preaents an almost unrivalled assemblage of pic-
turesqueand beautiful scenery. In point of size
and population, Naples ranks after London, Paris,
and Conatantinople, being the fourth city of Eu
rope. The cfrcumference is commonly computed
at 9 miles ; but including all the suburbs, it ia up
wards of 1 8. The streets, though in general nar
row, are straight, and tolerably regular : they are
handsoraely paved with large flags of lava; and,
since the French occupied the city, and introduc
ed iraproveraents, raost of thera have been lightest
with lEimps, suspended, as in Paris, acroas the
middle of the street The Strada di "Toledo is the
fineat street in Naples, and one of the beat in Eu
rope. It ia broad, straight, weU paved, iind bor
dered in its whole length with elegant braidings.
The houses are i'l general six or seven atories
high, flat roofed, and covered -with a kind of stuc
co. — The fortifications of Naples Eire not adapted
to resist an army, though the city is sunrounded
with a WEdl, and defended by a number of towers,
as well as by three large castiea. — Of the pubhc
edificea of N-aplea, the churches are the most con
spicuous ; bul their splendor consists less in ele
gance of architecture, Uian in the richnessof their
paintings, marbles, and other decorations. The
university was founded in 1224. The building is
divided into several compartments, and contains,
1st, the Ubrary, with 90,000 volumes ; 2d, the cabi
net of manuscripts of Herculaneum, with the vari
ous machines for unfolding them ; 3d, the museum
of paintings ; 4tfa, Uiat of sculpture; 6Ui, a collec
tion of bronzes of Herculaneum and Pompeii ;
and 6th, a collection of Etruscan vases. The
charitable establishments are numeroua and well
endowed. The lotsd number ia above sixty; of
these, seven Eire hospitals ; above thirty are achoola
for poor children of both aexes, who are boarded
and educated.
The frade of Naplea, though great for so inac
tive a counfry as the south of Italy, ia amall when
compared to the crowded aeaporta of England and
Holland, Its exports are confined to the products
of the adjacent country, such as silk, wool, cot
ton, ofl, wine, corn, and fruit The importa are
various, consisting both of articles of necesaity
and luxury, of colonial produce, and of manu
factures. The population amounta to 330,000, of whom,
according to a recent eatiraate, 165,000 are malea,
and 175,000 females, Tfae higher ranks are fre
quenUy ignorant, frivolous, and dissipated, while

N A R
the lower orders are indolent aud superstitious.
The Lazzaroni are a part of the populace with
out either dwellings or regular occupation. They
may be said to spend their life in the streets saun
tering about during the day, and sleeping at night
under a public portico, on the paveraent, or on
the steps of a church, Thefr nuraber is aaid to
have been foi-meily between 30,000 and 40,000,
smd is still considerable, Naples literally swarras
with nobility without fortunes, prieata without
benefices, and beggars of all descriptions, ^ The
charge of want of cleanUness is unfortunately
nearly as applicable here as at Rorae, the rooras
being infeated with fleas and other verrain. Sea
bathing, though ao eaaily within reach, ia very
UtUe reaorted to by the inhabitants. The envi
rons of Naples are fertile, picturesque, aud highly
interesting to the antiquEu-y and claaaicEd scholar.
Vesuviua, the Solfatara, the curioua cavern called
the Grotta del Cane, the baths of Nero, the torab
of Virgil, the remains of the hatha of Lucullua,
ruina of Herculaneum and Pompeii, are all in its
vicinity. In 1803, the city suffered severely from
* an earthquake. 110 m. S.E. Rome, 380 S. S. E.
Milan, and nearly 1,000 S. E. Paris. Lon. 14° 15'
E, Lat40°5ffN,
Naples, p-t OntEu-io co, N, Y, 18 m, S, Canan
daigua, 216 W, Albany, Pop, 637,
fV'aples Bay, bay of lake Ontario, in Hender
son, N, Y,
ffaphms, or Napolase, city, Palestine, the an
cient Sichem, capital of the Samaritans, It is
frequented by caravans from Egypt, The chief
objects here venerated Euad visited, are tfae toraba
of Joaepfa and Joahua, which seera to be fixed at
Sichem by the unquestionable statements of sa
ered -writ Still greater reverence, however, is
attached by the inhabitants lo the spot called Ja
cob's Well, about three miles on the road to Je-.
rusalem, 24 m, N, Jerusalem, Lon, 35° 22' E,
Lat 32° Iff N.
JVopo, f. Quito, which joins the Araazon on the
N, shore, in lat 3° 26' S,
Napoli di Malvasia, Manembosia, or Mengesehe,
t. Eu, Turkey, on a peninsula in the E, of the
Morea, 55 m, S, by E, NapoU di Romania, Pop,
6,000. Napoli di Romani, t Eu. Turkey, in the E, of
the Morea, on a bay of the same name, on a rocky
promontory, which forms an exceUent harbor,
capable of containing 150 shipa of war. It ia the
best built place in the Morea, and is tolerably for
tified, and carries on a trade in corn, oil, wine,
and cotton. It is the aee of a bishop, 10 m. S, S,
E. Argos, 20 N. E, TripoUzza, Lon. 22" 48 E.
Lat 37° 39' N,
Napolase. See Naplous.
Nappah, t Hmd. in Gujerat, belonging to the
Mahrattea, Lon. 73° 15'E. Lat22°2'7'N,
Naroingunge, t. Bengal, on a branch of the
Brahmapootra, The inhabitanta carry on an ex
tenaive traific in grain, salt, tobacco, and lime,
Lon, 90° SffE, Lat 23" 37' N, Pop. 15,000,
Naraingur, t Bengal, iu Midnapore, Lon, 87°
35' E. Lat 22° 11' N,
Narangabad, t. Hind, in Oude, Lon, 80° Sff E,
Lat 27° 4ff N,
Nafanjol, or Naranjos, 2 ialands of the Pacific,
in the gulf of Panama, Lat, 2° 2ff S,
Norajijos, amall islanda among the PhiUppines,
12 m, n; E. Masbate. L»n, 133° 84' E, Lat, 12°
2ffN,

N A R

495

Naranstts, Punta de, cape, on the N, eoast of
Cuba, Lon, 75° Sff W, Lat, 43° 2ff N,
Narasingliapoar, t, India, in Mysore, Lon, 77*
5' E. Lat, 12° ff N,
Narbeth, t, Walea, in Pembroke co, 9 m, N.
Tenby, 255 W, London, Lon, 4° 4ff W, Lat 51°
4ffN, Pop, 1,979,
Narbonne, t. France, in Aude, It was once
atrongly fortified ; but at present a wall flanked
with baations ia its only defence. It has aome trade
in corn, and an extenaive traific in honey and
WEix, the produce of the neighbourhood, It^ Uie-
see of an archbiahop 37 ra. N. E, Perpignan, 70
S, W, MontpeUer, Lon, 3° E, Lat 43" 11' N,
Pop, 9,000,
Narborough Island, araall ial. in the Pacific
ocean, nesir the coaat of Chili, Lon, 76° 12' W.
Lat, 45° 12' S,
Narcondam, ial, of the bay of Bengal, 27 leagues
E. Great Andaman, Lou, 94° 12' E, Lat l.r
2ffN, Norden. See Naarden.
Nardo, t, Naplea, in tfae Terra d'Otranto. Pop.
3,500, It is the see of a biahop, 30 ra. W, Otran
to, so E, S, E, Tarento,
JVare, r. New Granada, which enters the Mag
dalena on the W, near Honda,
Narenta, or Narensa, r, Dalmatia, which runs
into the Adriatic at Fort Opua,
Narenta, or JVarensa, t Eu, Turkey, iu Bosnia,
on tfae river Narenta, 75 ra, N, N,E, Spalafro,
Narew, i , Poland, which joina tfae Bug, Eiftor
which the united stream runs into the Vistula, at.
Nowydwor, Norgen, or Nargo, small island of Russia, in the
gulfof Finland, near Revel, Lon, 24° Sff E. Lat,
39° SffN,
Nariad, t Hind, in Gujerat, Lon, 72° 59' E;
Lat 22° 42' N.
Narikee, t Hind, in Agra, belonging to the Brit
iah, Lon. 78° 20' E, Lat 27° Iff N,
Narlah, t. Hind, in Orissa, Lon, 87° 35' E. Lat.
22° 11' N.
Nam, r, Austria, which joins the Danube, on
the N, aide, at Eitzendorf,
NomaUah, I, and fort. Hind, in Berar, belonging
to the rajah of Nagpore, Lon, 77° Sff E, Lat 21°
4ff N,
Narni, t. Italy, in the Statea of the Church, 40
m, N. Rome, It ia tfae aee of a bishop. Pop,
5,000, Nomoul, district, Hind, in Agra, Naraoul, the
capital, is in lon. 76° ff E, Lat 28° 4' N.
Naro, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, about 15
m, frora the *a coast, 11 E, Girgenti, It is a
atrong railitary position. Pop, 12,000,
Narova, r. Rusaia, wfaich iasues from the lake of
Peipus, and falls into the gulf of Finland, near Nar
va, Narovtschot, t. Eu, Rusaia, in the govemment of
Penza, 70 m, N, W, Penza, Pop, 2,700,
Narraganset bay, a bay of R, Ialand, which runs
from N,to S. dividing the State into two parta, and
coraraunicates with the ocean between Point Ju-
ditfa on tfae W, and Point Seaconel on the E, It is
about 3D railea long, aud IS broad, and embraces
several very conaiderable islands. The north-east
arm ofthe bay is called Mount Hope bay ; the N.
W, arm, Greenwich bay ; and the northern arm.
Providence bay. The principal rivers which fall
into it are Providence river from the nortfa, and
Taunton river frem the N, E, TJie comuiisaion-

4-96

N A S

ers who were appointed to examine the coast of
the United Statea, in 1817, were of opinion
tiiat this bay 'presented the best site for a navEd
depot in the Union, north of Chesapeake bay. It is
accessible from the sea at all seasons of the year ;
it affords capacious hsu-bours, can be entered from
the ocean in a few hours' sail; it is notsusceptible
of a continued blockade ; nor ia it obstructed by
ice. Narraguagus, bay on the coast of Maine, joining
Machias bay. It receives a river of the sarae
nEune. Narraguagus, p-t. Waahington co. Maine, on
the Narraguagua, 37 ra. W. Machiaa.
Narrows, The, channel between Long laland and
Staten laland, connecting New- York bay with the
Atiantic, 9 m, S. New- York, The channel ia 1,905
yards wide, and is defended by forts and batte
ries. Narrows, The, strait, about 3 miles broad, be
tween the islands of Nevis and St, Chriatopher'a,
in the West Indies.
Narsingah, t. Hind, in,Orisaa, Lon, 85° 20' E,
Lat, 20° 41' N,
Norsingur, t Bengal, in Midnapore, Lon, 86"
40° E. Lat, 22° 34' N.
Narsipoor, t. Hind, in Northem Circars, on the
Godavery, about 10 miles from the sea. Lon. 81°
SO' E. Lat 16° 21' N.
Narva, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Narova, 83
m. W. S. W. St Petersburg, Pop. 3,600.
Narungpare, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the W.
bank ofthe Gangea, nearly opposite Buxar.
Narwar, district, Hind, in Agra. Narwar, the
capital, ia on tfae S, E, side of the Sinde river, and
is now in possession of Sindia. Lon. 78° 12' E. Lat.
25° 41' N.
Narym, t. A, Ruaaia, on the Obi, near ita conflu
ence with the Ket, 220 m, N. Toraak. Lat 59°
IffN. Nasas, Rio, r. New Spain, in Durango, which
emptiea itself into the Lake Cayraan.
Nosbiruds, t France, in Lozere, 28 ra. W. by N.
Mende. Pop. 1,600.
JVascB, t Peru, witfa a fine harbour, 190 ra. S, E,
Lima, Lon, 75° 6' W, Lat, 14° 4ff S,
Noscara, r, Naples, in Calabria Ultra, which
falls into the gulf of SquiUace,
Noseby, v. Eng, in Northamptonshire, 12J m,
N, N, W, Northarapton, Pop. 598.
JVaiA, CO, inthe central partof N,C, Pop, 7,268,
including 2,897 slavea. At the court-houae is a
post-office. Noshuan,one ofthe Elizabeth islands, Masa, at
Uie raouth of Buzzard's bay, and nort-weat of Mar
tha' a Vineyard.
Nashua, r. which riaes in Worcester co. Mass.
¦ind runs into the Merriraack at Dunstable, N. H.
Rs course ia N. N. E. 40 railea,
Nashville, p-t. and cap, Davidson co. Tennessee,
on the S. side of Curaberland river, 275 m, S, W.
Lexington, 620 S, W. Pittsburg, 200 W, Knox
viUe; 580 N, W, Charieston; 430 N, N, E, Natch
ez, 480 by Gen, Jackson's road N, N, E, New-Or
leana, Lat 36° 4' N, Lon, 87" W, It ia aituated
in the raidat of a very fertile and populoua coun
fry, and ia the largest and raost flourishing town in
the State, In 1810, more than one third of the
population of Tennessee was included within a
circle of 30 milea around Naahville, The ateam-
Woata ply between this place and New Orleans,
The Cumberland is navigable for veaaels of 30 or
48 tons during tie greater part ofthe year, andin

NAT
the highest floods, for vessels of 400 tons. In Ifilg,
the town contained a court-houae, jafl, market-
house, 2 banks, 2 printing-offices, several manu
factories, Emd upwards of 3,000 inhabitants,
Nashwactish, t. New Brunswick, which runs
into the St John, in lon, 66° 4ff W, lat, 46° 4' N.
Nasielsk, t Poland, 27 m. N, by E, Warsaw,
Pop, 1,200,
Nassau waa formerly the name of aeveral prin-
cipaUties in the German empire, allot which are
now united under one head, and form an indepen
dent duchy in the Germanic confederation. Its
boundaries are tfae Prussian territory on the Low
er Rhine, and the different states of the princes of
Hesse. It Ues in the W. of GermEiny, between 49'
55' and 50° 49' N. Lat Area, 2,186 aquare miles.
Population iu 1818, 302,767, Revenue, 176,000/.
A rmy, between 2,000 and 3,000 men. The rivere
are the Rhine to tbe W. the Mame to the S, and the
Lahn in the interior. In 1814, there were 120
Lutheran, 97 Calvinist, and 152 CathoUc church
es. The prince himself waa a Calvinist, but the
two protestant parties have long professed the ,
the greatest UberaUty of aentiment ; and in Au
gust 1817,they agreed tolay aside their distinctive
appeUationa, and to unite in one body under the ti
tle of EvangeUcal Chriatiana,
Nassau, t. in the duchy of Naaaau, on the Lahn,
Thia ia the only place Uiat belonga in common ts
the king of the Netherlands and tiie duke of Nas
sau, 10 ra, W. S. W. Limbui^,
Nassau, or Poggy Islands, chain of ialands off
the W, coast of Sumatra, at the diatance of 20 or
SO leaguea, extending from lat 2° Iff lo S° Iff S,
Pop, about 1,400.
Nassau, p-t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. 15 m. S. E. Al
bany. Pop, 2,510.
Nassau, r. Florida, which runs into the sea, in
lon. 8 1° 42' W. lat. SO" 44' N.
Nassau, the capital of tfae island of New Provi
dence, one of the Bahamas, on the N. part of the
island. Nassau Bay, bay on the S. coast of Terra del
Fuego. Lat 55° 39° S.
Nassau, Cape, cape on the coastof Surinam.
Lon. 59° Sff W. Lat 7° 4ff N.
Nassau, Fort, fort, Netherlanda, in Brabant, on
the Scheldt, between Tolen and Bergen-op-
Zoora. Nossenfuss, t Austrian States, 5 m. N. Rudolls-
worth. Nassogne, t Netiierlands, in Liege, 21 m. S. E.
Dinant Pop. 900,
Nasruck, t. Hind, in AurungabEid, belonging to
the Mahrattas. Lon. 73° 53' E. Lat, 19°49 N.
Nostede, t Gerraany, in the duchy of Nassau, 15
m, S. E, Coblentz.
Nota, or Santiago de las Caballeros, city, S,
America, 73 m, S. W. Panama. Lon. 80° 17' W.
Lat 8° 21' 50" N.
Nata Paint, or Chaumu Cape, the W, pomt of
the gulf of Panaraa.
Nataama, t. Hind, in Serinagur, Lon, 78° 48
E, Lat, 20° 7' N,
Natachquoin, r. Labrador, which runs into the
sea, lon, 60° 45' W. lat 50° 25' N,
Natal, or Notor, a Malay aettieraent on the S.
W. coaat of Sumatra. Lon, 98° 57' E, Lat 32° N.
Natal, 1 , E, Africa, with a town at its mouth, i4
the country of the Tambookiea, The town ia in
lon. 31° SO' E. Lat 29° 5ff S, ;
Natal, small isl, in the Indian sea, Lon, 47 6
E, Lat, 8° 80' S,

NAT

N AU

497

Natchaug, r. Ct. which joins the Shetucket in
Windham. Natchez, city, in Adams co. Miaaiaaippi, on the
E. bank of Misaissippi river, more than SOCi milea
above New-Orleana by the courae of the river, and
156 by land ; 430 S. S. W, Nashville, Lat, 31° Sff
N, Lon, 91° 20' W, Pop, in 1810, 1,511 ; and in
in 1818, about 2,500, The greater pSrt of the
town stands on a bluff, upwards of 150 feet above
the surface of the river, The houaea have an air
of ueatneaa, though few are distinguished for size
or elegance. There is a considerable inequEdity
in the surface of the hill, which prevent^ hand
sorae streets, Buainess is fransacted principaUy
at tfae bottom ofthe bluff, on the msu'gin of the riv
er, where there is a large eddy which enables
boats to land with sEifety and convenience, Natch
ez is finely aituated for a commercial depot. The
country iu its rear consists of excellent cotton
lEmda, and ia laid outin extenaive plantationa. The
income ofthe first plantera ia princely ; frora 5,000
to 30,000 doUara per annum. Labour is perform
ed almost exclusively by slaves. The town con
tains a court-houae, a bank, with a capital of
3,000,(KK), and 2 houses of public worahip, 1 for
Roman Catholics and 1 for Preabyterians,
Natchitoches, pronounced Nakitosh, p-t. Natchi
toches CO. Louisiana, on the W. bank of Red river,
200 miles above its junction with the Mississippi,
80 above Alexandria, 200 N. W. New-Orleana, in
a direct Une, and 358 by the road, 722 S. S. W. St
Louis. Lat 31° 46' N. Lon. 93° W. It is the
largest towm in Louisiana west of the Mississippi.
The French established it as a military post in
1717, and about one third of the inhabitanta at
preaent Efre of French origin. Before the revolu-
tionih Texas in 1811, it was the centre of a con
siderable trade carried on between Louisiana and
the Spanish provinces. The population in 1818,
was estimated at more than 600, exclusive of the
garrison. Naters, -v. Swiss canton of the Valais, 32 m, E,
by N, Sion,
Natick, p-t, Middlesex co. Maas. on Charles
river, 18 m, S, W. Boston, Pop, 766.
Natistagoet Harbour, harbour on the S. coast of
Labrador. Lon. 60° 6ff W. Lat 50° 6' N.
Notividad, t. Brazil, in Go yaa. Lon, 31° 20' W,
Lat 13° SO' S,
Notividad, small isl, in the Pacific, Lon, 244°
60' E, Lat 27° 57'N.
Natolia, or Anatolia, province, Asiatic Turkey,
bounded N. by the Black sea, E. by Caramsmia,
S. by tfae Mediterranean, and W. by the Archi
pelago and the sea of Marraora. It ia about 400
mflea long from E. lo W, and 350 in its greatest
breadth. The soil is fertile, producing corn, to
bacco, cotton, and fruits of varioua kinds. The
majority of the inhabitants are Mahometans, but
there are raany Greek Chriatians, Natolia, in a
more extenaive sense, includes Aladulia and Ca-
rEunania; and with this extent its population ia es
timated at 6,000,000.
Natradacatta, t. India, in TinneveUy. Lon. 78°
lffE,Lat,8°4ffN, Nattore,'t. Bengal, on the N, bank of the Attri
river. Lon.88°5ffE, Lat24°25'N.
Notuna Isle, Great, isl, in the China sea, off the
N, E, coaat of Borneo, Lat 4°_ N,
Natunas Isles, North, araall ialands in the China
seas, Lon, 109° E, Lat, 4° 46' N.
Natunas Isks, South, sraall ialanda offthe N, W,
coast of Borneo, Lon, 109° E.Lat, 3°^ N, 6.3

Natural bridge. See Cedar creek.
Nolsa, V. Gerraany, in Saxe-Gothe, 10 m, S, by
W. Muhlhauaen,
Nava, Cape, cape of Naples, on the E. cpast of
C'dlabria, 4 m. S, S, W, Cape Colona, Lop, 17°
2ff E, Lat, 39° 2' N, . ;
Nfivace, La, sraall isl, in the West Indies,, be
tween Jamaica and Hiapaniola, Lon, 74° 60' W.
Latl8"2ffN, Navacoit, t. Hind, in Nepaul, Lou, 83° 27' E,
Lat28°57'N,_ Navakara, diatrict, Ceylon, on the W, coast,
about ffN, lat
Naval, t. Spain, in Arrsigon, 14 m, N, Balbas
tro. Navalaise, t. Savoy, 6 ra, W, Charaberry,
Navan, t. Ireland, in Meath, 7 ra. N, EL Trim,
23 N, W, Dublin, Lon, 6° 41' W, Lat 63° Sff N,
Navarin, or Avarin, t, Eu, Turkey, onthe S,W.
coaat of tfae Morea. It is a place of considerable
trade. Its port is the largest in tfae Morea, and is
even said to be capable of containing 2,000 sail.
72 m, S, W, Argos, 88 S. W. Corinth. Lon. 21°
2ff E. Lat 37° ff N, Pop, 3,000.
Navarre, province, Spain, bounded by France
on the N, E. and Old Castile on the S, W, Area,
2,474 sq, mfles. Pop, about 230,000, The chief
town ia Pampeluna, There are ten paaaes between
this province and France, .but only two or three
are exempt from difficulty. The wine of Navarre
is in general of good quality. The other produc
tions are hemp, flax, fruit, pulse, and a little oil.
The liquorice called Spanish in England, is cfaief
ly the produce of Navarre.
Navarre, New, forraerly a province of Mexico,
bounded N, by a country unknown, E, by New
Mexico and New Biscay, S, by CuUacan, and W,
by the gulf of California, The country ia now
divided into intendancies,
Navarreins, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 9ni.
N.W. Oleron. Pop. 1,300.
Naucelk, t France, in Aveyron, 18 m, S, E,
Rhodez. Pop, 1,200,
Naudersberg, or Nodrio, v, Tyrol, nearthe Inn, -
15 ra. N. Glvirentz, Pop, 1,100.
Nave, Cape, Spain, on the W, coaat of Galicia,
a littie N. of Cape Finisterre, Lon, 9° 20' W,
Lat 42° Sff N,
Noveille, t France, in Loir-and-Cher, 3 m. S.-
W. Vendome. Pop. 1,300.
Nauen, t, Pruaaian Statea, in Brandenburg, 23
ra, N, W. Berlin. Pop. 2,700,
Nauenhof, t. Saxony, 8 ra, E. Leipsic.
Naver, r, ScotlanjJ, in Sutherland, which runs
into the oceSi at the bay of Torisdale.
Naves, t. France, in Correze, 3 m. N. TuUe.
Pop,'2,000, .
Naugordt, t. Prussia, in PomeraniEi, 22 ra, N,
Stargard. Pop. 1,000.
Naugatuck, r. Ct which flows S. and joins the
Housatonnuc, at D^rby, to forra Stratford river.
' Navia, t Spain, in Asturias, 46 m. W. N. W; '
Oviedo. Navigator's Islands, a cluster of islands in the
South Pacific ocean, about ten in number, be
tween 169° and 172° 30' W, lon. and below lat 13"
26' S. The inhabitants of these islanda are repre-
aented by Perouse eis reraarkably atout- and well ;
raade. The fruit trees and nutritious roots which
grow spontaneoualy around thera, ensure them
subsistence without labor,
Naumburg, t. Prussian Saxony, in Merseburg,
on the Pnslp. The inhabitants csrry on severa'l

49S

N A Z

manufactures, particularly of stockings, gloves,
caps, leather, soap, stEU-ch, and gunpowder, 18 ra,
S, S. W. Merseburg, 28 W, S, W, Leipsic, Lou,
1 1° 40' E, Lat, 51° 8' N. Pop, 12,000.
Naumburg, t. Germany, in Hcsae-Casael, 16 m,
W, S, W, Caasel, Pop, 1,600,
Noumburg on the Queiss, t. Prussian atates, 1 1
in, N, W, Lauenberg, Pop, 1,000,
Nautpore, I, Bengal, in Purneah, Lon, 86° 58'
E, Lat 26° 17' N,
Navy, t, Orleans co, Vt 48 m, N, E, IVlontpelier,
Pop. 56,
Navy Island, small isl, off tfae N, coast of Jamai
ca, Lpn, 76° Iff W, Lat 18° 13' N,
Navy Island, isl, N, Y, in the river NiEigarEi,
about 3 milea in circumference, 1^ m, above tfae
falls, Naxera, t. Spain, in Burgos, near the Ebro, 44
«i, E- t>y N, Burgos, Ppp, 3,000,
Naxia, or Naxos, isl, Eu, Turkey, in the Gre
cian archipelago. Extent, 170 sq. miles. Pop,
about 10,000, mostly Greeks, 5 m, E. of the ial,
ot Paroa, Lon, 23° 2' to 23° 1 ff E. Lat, 36° 56' to
3'!'°N, Naxia, the chieftown, is on a small bay
of the S, coast. It ia the aeat of a Greek and of a
<^.atliolic archbishop.
Nay, t, France, in Lower Pyreneea, 9 m, S, S,
E, Fa'u. Pop, 2,400,
Nay, t. Franoe, in Auvergne, 6 m, W, Le Puy,
Pop, J, 300,
Nay, or Ne, r. France, which falls into the Cha
rente, opposite Cognac,
JVoytmou, t Bondou, in W, Africa, 12 m, S, W.
^ Fatteconda, Naylond. See Neyland.
Noya, small isl, in the EEistern seas, near fhe
N, coast of Celebes, Lon, 124° 24' E, Lat 1°
24' N,
Nazaire, t, France, near the mouth of the Loire,
33 m- W. Nantes, Fop, 3,000,
Nazareth, I, Netherlands, in East Flandera,
n,eai: tii.e Scheldt, 9. m. S. W, Ghent, Pop. 4,300.
Nazareth, village of Paleatine, celebrated eis
t^ie residence of our Saviour, during the first
thirty yeara of his liffe, The reverence juatly
claimed by thia circumstance, has been iraproved
by superstition, into the means of extorting large
sums of raoney from the pilgrims to the Holy
Land, A convent has been founded, containing
about 14 friars of the Franciscan order. The
church attached to it ia erected over a cave,
whicfa is asserted to faave been Uie residence of
the Virgin Mary, In this cave are shewn her
kitchen and fire-place. The monks shew also the
workshop ot Joaeph, and tfae precipice where
Chriat aaved himself from the fury of the multi
tude, NazEireth now forms part of the pachalic of
Acre ; and the oppression of Djezzar Pacha has
reduced it to a wretched stale of indigence and
misery. 50 ra. N, Jeruaalem.
Nazareth, r, W, Africa, which fi^illb into the At
lantic near Cape Lopez Gonsalvo,
Nasardh, p-t Northampton co. Pa, 10 ra, N.
BeUilehera, 63 N. by W, Philadelphia, It is regu
larly built, and contains a Moravian school,
Nazareth, Upper and Lower, two towna, NorUi
ampton CO. Peon. Pop. 535, and 748,
Nazelks, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 3 m, N.
Amboiae. Pop. 1,000,
Nasim, r. A, Rusaia, in Tobi^k, which falls in
to the Obi after a course of 160 niiles,
Nazook, large lake in the raountiinous part of
Armenia, 3 milea long, aud 6 broad.

NED
Ne, See Nay,
Neamutserai,t, Afghaniatan, Lon, 71° SffE, Lat
33° Sff N,
Neapolis, in Thrace, See Cavolo.
Neas. See Nias.
Neath, borougfa t, Walea, in Glamorgan co, a
place of conaiderable trade, on the E, bank of the
Neath, alfcut three milea from'the Bristol channel.
In the neighbourhood are sorae iron forges, exten
sive tin W(Orks, and smelting worka for copper, 8
m, N, E, Swanaea, 197 W, London, Lon, S°4ff
W, Lat 51° SffN. Pop, 2,740,
Neauphk le Chateau, t France, in Seine-and-
Oise, 23 m, W, Paria, Pop, 1,000,
Nebel, r. Germany, iu the grand duchy of
Mecklenburg, which falla into the Warnow nesr
Scfaaen, Nebra, t, Prussian Saxony, on tbe Unstrat, 12
ra, N. W, Naumburg, 4 S, Querfurt, Pop, 900,
Nechori, t Greece, in Magnesia, 9 m, E, Me-
liaia, Neckar, r, ofthe S, W of Germany, which rises
in Wirtemberg, at tfae foot of the Black Forest,
near the source of the DEmube, and fEills into the
Rhine at Manheim,
Neckar, one of the ten circles into which the
grand duchy of Baden is divided,
Neckar, Lower, Middk, and Upper, three depart-
ments in the kingdom of Wirtemberg.
Neckarau, v. GermEmy, on the Rhine, 4 m, S,
Baden, Pop. 1,000.
Neckar-gardoch, v. Wirtemberg, near HeUbron.
Pop. 900,
Neckar-gemund, t Baden, on the Neckar, 5 m,
E. Heidelbei|r. Pop. 2,100,
Neckar-steinack, t. Gerraany, in Hesae-Parm-
atadt, on the Neckar, 9 m, E. by N. HeideUierg.
Pop. 1,100.
Neckar-Sttbn, t. Wirtemberg, at the confluence
of tfae Neckar Emd the Sulra, 6 m, N. Heilbron,
Pop, 2,050,
Neckar-Waihingen, v, Wirtemberg, on the
Necksu-, near Ludwigsburg, Pop, 900,
.decker Islands, islands near the N, W, coast of
America, S m. frora Cape Blanco, Lat, 42° SO'N,
Necker Isles, small ialands in the Pacific, Lon.
164° 32' W, Lat 23" 31' N,
Neda, t. Spain, in Galicia, 5 m, E, Ferrol,
Neddeck, a mouptainous tract in N, Africa, 79
m, U". Augila,
Neddkk, Cape, cape on the coastof Maine, Lon.
70°34' W. Lat 43" ffN.
Nederbrakel, t. Netherlands, in East Flanden,
8 m. E, S. E, Oudenarde, 22 S. Ghent Pop, 3,500.
Nederkruchten, t. Netiierlands, in Limbui^, 14
m. E. S, E, Ruremonde, Pop, 3,500,
Nederweert, t Netherlands, in Limburg, 12 m,
N, W, Ruremonde, Pop, 3,600,
Nedrigailaw, t, Eu. Russia, in Charkow, 114
m, N, 'W. Charkow, Lon, 3-1° 20' E, Lat 50° 54'
N, Pop. 2,800,
Nedsjed, an extensive division of Arabia, in
cluding nearly all the central parts of that region,
and having on the W, Hedsjas and Yemen, on the
S, Hadramaut, on the E, Lahsa and Ommon, It
is composed chiefly of vast mountains and deserts.
Many parts of it, however, are habitable, and cov
ered with numerous hordes of Bedouiua.
Nedsjeran, a little principality of Yemen, in
Arabia, Uiree daya journey E. N. E. of Saade, It
is well watered, abounds in corn and pasturage,
and particulai'ly in dates. It has a ca-pitjil of the
ssHne name.

N E Gi

N E I

409

Ned 7%»mas's Shoah, rocks in the Spaniah
Main, on the Mosijuito shore, Lon, 82° 14' W, Lat,
14° 4'N,
JVeerfe, V, Netherlands, in Gelderland, 20 m, E.
Zutphen, Pop, 2,000,
Needham,t. Norfolk co. Mass, on Charles river,
oppoaite Newtown, 1 1 m, W, S, W, Boston, Pop,
1,097. Here is a perpendicular fall in the river
of 20 feet, at which several valuable railla are
erected, Needham Market, t, Eng. in Suffolk, 7 ra, N. N,
W. Ipawich, 74 N, E, London, Pop, 1,301,
Needles, cluater of pointed rocks on the coEist of
England, 18 m, from Newport in the Isle of
Wight ., Neeheehaw. See Oneehow.
Nedab, t. Hind, in Lahore, on the E. sideof the
Indus, belonging to the Afghaiis. Lon.. 70° 53' E.
Lat. 32° ,5ff N.
Nedacunda, t Hind, in Lahore, on Uie E. side
ofthe Indus, belonging to the Afghana, Lon, 71°
4ff E, Lat 32" Sff N,
Nee^aund, fort and diatrict, India, in Bejapore,
belonging to the Britiah,
Nee^unge, t Hind, in Oude. Lon. 70° 53' E.
Lat 26° 47' N.
Neelgur, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 87" Iff E. Lat.
21° Sff N,
Neembwcu, t. Paraguay, on the E. bank of the
Paraguay, Lon. 58° 11' W, Lat 26° 52' S. Pop.
1,730. Neembucu, lake of Paraguay, in 27° S. lat.
Neermul, t Hind, in Dowletabad, Lon, 79° 5' E,
Lat 19° S' N,
Neerwinden, v. Netherlands, in South Brabant,
16 m, E, Louvain, Pop, SOO,
Nefla, t. Africa, in Tunis, 60 ra, S, Gafsa,
J^egaSa, or Anegada, one of the Caribbee isl
ands in the West Indies, 60 ra, N, W, Anguila.
Lou.63°ffW. Lat 18° ffN.
J^apatom, s-p, India, iu Tanjore, and forra,erly
capital of the Dutch posaeaaiona on the Coast of
Coronlandel, In 1783, it waa ceded to the Brit
iah ; since whicfa period the fortifications have
been neglected, and the trade transferred to other
places ; but ships frequently atop tfaere for pro
visions and water, 48 m, E, Tanjore, Lon, 79"
5ffE, Lat10"4ffN,
Negdstadt, t. Prussian Saxony, 10 m, S, E,
Muhlhauaen, Pop. 800.
Negombo, a populoua t on the W. coast of Cey
lon, very advantageously situated for carrying on
the inland trade. The vicinity produces a great
quantity of cinnamon and rice. It was taken with
out opposition by the Britiah in 1796, 20 m, N.
Colombo. Lon. 79" 4ff E. Lat 7° Iff N. Pop,
16,000, consisting of Malabars, Cingalese, and
Portuguese, chiefly Mahometans and Roman Cath
oUcs, The Wesleyan Methodists have a Missiona
ry here,
Negracka River, r. U. S. which faUs into the Ar
kansaw frora the N, W, It is 100 yards wide,
Negrais Isk, isl, with an excellent harbour, at the
W, raouth ofthe Irrawuddy river, in the Birman
erapire. The W. point of the island, called Cape
Negrais, is in lon. 94° 14' E. lat 16° 1' N.
Negrar, t. Austrian Italy, near the Adige, 6 ra.
N, Verona, Pop, 1,700.
J^egtepdisse, t. France, on the river Aveyron,
6 ia. N, E. Montauban, Pop, 3,200,
Ntgril, the W, head of the island of Jamaica,
«6nsi8tingt>f two points, the North and South, 3

leagfues apart, between which ia a semicircular
bay, called Ling bay, Lon, 78° 17' W. Lat 18°
27' N.
Negrillos, sraall islanda near the coaat of Pctu
Lat, 4° 40' S,
Negro, Cape, cape on the E, coaat of Minorca,
Lon, 4° Iff E, Lat. 39° Sff N,
Negro, Cape, cape on the W, coast of Corsica,
Lon. 8° 39' E, Lat41°4ffN.
Negra creek, r. Illinoia, which flowa into the E,
aide of Illinois river, about 80 ra, above its raouth.
Negro fork, r. Miasouri, a branch of the Mara-
raeo, NegrOi Rio, a large and navigable r. South
America, which rises in the Andes, in New Gra
nada, and, after a long courae, falls into the Ama
zons, in lat. 3° 16' S. It communicates with the
Cassiquiari, a tributary of the Orinoco,
Negro, Rio, r, S. America, Whicfa rises in the
ChiUan Andes, and, running S, E, falls into the
AUantic, in lat 41° S. — 2d, .\ river of Buenos
Ayres, wfaich runs S, W. and joins the Uruguay.
There are aeveral other rivera of thia name in S-
America, Negroland, or Nigritia, an appeUation by which
(sarly European geographera deaigUated almost tfae
wfaole ofthe interior and aouthern parts of Africa,
infaabited by the race called negroes. As a more
accurate and detailed knowledge, however, has
been obtained, this vag;ue term has faUen into dis
use. Negroponte, or Egribas, the ancient Eubcea, a
long and narrow isl, of Greece, extending along
the E, coast of Livadia, frora which it is separated
by a narrow channel, called the strait of Euripua,
Pop, 6O,0O0, of whora raore than three-fourths aro
Greeks, Its surface is covered with raountain-»,
which are highest towards the centre of the isl
and. They arc in general barren, but the vallies
and plains are highly productive. Corn, wins,
fruit, and oil are all cultivated here. The pas
turages of Eubcea have been in repute since the
time ofthe ancients. The chief minerals are mar
ble and copper. Lon, 23° 10' to 24° 44' E, Lat,
38° to 39° 10. N.
Negroponte, the ancient Colchis, the capital of
the foregoing island, and a place of considerable
size, is on the W. coEist, and connected with the
continent by a bridge, the strait at this place being
only 200 feet wide, 'The town is fortified, and has
on the S. side a port, capable of containing several
hundred vessels in perfect safety. 28 m. N. Athens,
Lon. 23° 33' E. Lat 38° 31' N. Pop. 16,000,
Negros, one of the Phillippine islands, about
145 miles lc|ig, by 25 broad. Il is fruitful iu rice.
Lon. 122° Sff E, Lat, 10° Iff N.
Neguada, or Nekkade, t. Upper Egypt, 4 ra, S-
W, Kous,
Nehavend, or Nehtmud, t. Irak, in Persia, 00 m.
S,,Haraadan. Neheim, t Prussian atatea, in Westphalia, 10m.
N, N, W, Arensberg, Pop, 1,050,
Neheim, t. Prusaian atatea, in Westphalia, 14 in,
N, E, Paderborn, Pop, -SOO,
Nehncalla, I, Hind, and forraerly capital of Gu
jerat It now belows to the Mahratta chief called
Guicowar. Lon, 72" 30' E, Lat 24° 26'N,
Nehumikeag, isl. Maine, in Kennebec river, 14
ra. above Merrymeeling bay.
Neiba, bay on the S, coast of St. Doraingo, Lon„
70° 5ff W, Lat 18" Iff N,

500

N E L

Neibsheim, v. Baden, 14 m, E, by N, Carlsruhe,
Pop, 900,
Neidenau, t. Baden, on the Jaxt, 11 m, N, by E,
Heilbron, Pop. 1,150,
Nddenburg, t. East Pruaaia, 90 ra, S. Koniga
berg, Lou, 20° 2ff 45" E, Lat 53° Iff 6ff' N,
Pop, 1,800,
Neipperg, v. Wirtemberg, near Heilbronn,
Neira, one of the Banda islands, immediately
N, of Great Banda, Lon, 130° E, Lat, 4° 31' S,
Neisapaor. See Nishapour.
Neisse, t. Prussian slates, in the government of
Oppeln, on the river Neisse, and the chief place
ofaprincipality ofthe aame nam'e, Itiaoneof th'e
chief fortresses of the Prussian stales, 46 ra, S, by
E, Breslau, 30 W. Oppeln. Pop. nea,rly 8,000.
Neisse, r. Germany, which riaes in Bohemia,
and falls into the Oder.
NHtharpe, v. Eng. in Oxfordahire, i raile W. N.
W, Banbury, Pop. 1,332,
Neitra. See Neutra.
Neitsersoak, isl, near the W, coast of Greenland,
Lon, 49° IffW, Lat 63° 22'N,
Neiva, province of New Granada, extending 80
leagues from N. to S, on both sides of the river
Magdalena, Neiva, the capital is 120 ra, N, E,
Popayan, and 107 S, W, Santa Fe. Lon, 74° Iff
W, Lat 3° 10' N,
Nekouban, Lake, lake, Canada, 24 m, N, W,
Quebec, Lon. 76° W, Lat 49° SffN,
Nelleriburg, formerly the narae of a district in
Suabia, -with the title of a landgraviate, belonging
to Austria. In 1806 il was ceded to Wirtemberg,
and came afterwards to Baden by an exchange.
Area, 340 sq. miles. Pop, nearly 30,000, ,
Nelliseram, t. India, on the W, coast of Canara,
Lon, 76° 12' E, Lat 12° Iff N,
Nelkor, t. India, in Carnatic, Lon, 79° 65' E,
Lat, 14° Sff N,
Nelson, I, York co. Up. Canada, on Lake Onta
rio, S. W. of York.
Nelson, t. Buckinghara co. Lower Canada, 32
ia. S. by W, Quebec,
NeUon, p-t. Cheshire co, N, H. 33 m. S, W.
Concord, Pop, 1,076.
Nelson, p-t Madiaon co. N, Y, 35 m, S, W- Uti
ca, Pop, 1,763.
¦Nelso'n, co, Va. Pop, 9,684, including 4,679
slaves. Nelson, co. Ken. Pop. 14,078, including 3,110
alavea.- .Bairdstown ia the chief town.
Nelson, p-l. Ashtabula co. Ohio.
Nelson, p-t. Portage co. Ohio, 12 ra. N. E. Ra
venna. Pop. in 1815, 500.
Nelson Ferry, p-v. S. Carolina, 50 m. N.
Charleston. Nelson Fort, settiement, N. America, on the
W. shore of Hudson's bay, al the raouth of Nel
son river, 250 m. S. E. ChurchiU Fort, and 600 .\.
W. Rupert's Fort Lon. 92° 42' W, Lat.57°12'N.
Nelson, Point, cape on the iS^. W. coast of Ame
rica, in Behm'scanal. Lon. 229° 27'E, Lat 55"
IffN, Nelson's river, one of the largeat rivers of North
America, It forms the outlet of Lake Winnipeg,
and runs into Hudson's bay in Ion, 92° 46' W. lat,
.57" 2' N, Its most distant aource is the Saskasha-
win, wliich fills into Lake Winnipeg, The whole
length is about 1,500 miles,
Nelsonvilk, '.t. Athens co, Ohio, on the Hock
hocking, 14 in, W, Athens,
Nelway, t/Hind. in Malwah, belonging to the
Mahrattas, Lon, 76°3ffE, Lat, 23° 14' N,

N £ P
Nenuiar, district. Hind, in Khandesh, between
21° and 22° N, lat It belongs to the Mahrattaa.
Ncmoea, village, Greece, in the N. E. of the Mo
rea, near which the Nemsean gamea were cele
brated. Nemahow, i. Miasouri Territory, which fells
into the Miaaouri in lat 39° 55' 56" N,
Nembro, t Austrian Italy, 4 m, N, E, Bergamo,
Pop, 2,400,
Nemea. See St. George.
Nemerau, or Nemorow, t. Germany, in Meck
lenburg-Slrelitz, 6 ra, S, W, Stargard,
Nemi, v. Italy, in the Statea of the Church, 14
m, S, S, E. Rorae,
Nemours, t, France, in Seine-and-Mame, ou the
river Loing and the canal of Briare, It has a caa
tle. Fop. 3,800. Leather ia manufactured here in
considerable quantities. It was the scene of an
action between tfae French and Austrians, Febru
ary 16th 1814. 11 m, S, Fontainbleau, 52 S,E,
Paris, Nen, r. Eng. in Northamptonahire, which falls
into tfae Lincolnshire Washea, It commonicates
by aeveral channela with the river Ouse,
Nenagh, t. Ireland, in Tipperary, 19 m, N, E,
Liraerick, Nenartalik, isl, on the S. W, coast of Greenland,
Lon, 45° W. Lat 59° 64' N,
Nenslingen, t Bavarian states, 26 m, S, E, An
spach, Pop. 800.
Neograd, or Nograd-Varmegye, county in the
N, W, of Hungary. Pop. 164,000.
Neala, kingdora of W. Africa, on the N. of flie
Gambia, having Tenda onthe W. Dentila on the
E. and Bamboi^ on the N.
Neala Kobo, r. AfricEi, which falls into the Gam
bia, in lon. 12° 25' W. lat 12° 4ff N.
Neominas, r. Pera, which runs into the Pacific,
in lat 4° Sff N.
Neoundah, t. Birman empire, on the E. bank of
the Irra'wuddy. Lon. 94" 35' E. Lat 21° IffN,
Nepaktas. See Lepanto.
Nepanose, t. Lycoming co. Pel on the W. brandi
ofthe Susquehannali. Pop, 298,
Nepaul, a long but narrow kingdom rf Northern
Hindostan, bounded N. by the great range of Him-
malefa mountains, S. by the provinces of Bahar,
Oude, and Delhi, and E. by Bootan. The valley
of Nepaul proper, from whence the kingdom takes
its name, is nearly of au oval figure ; its greatest
leng'Ui from N, to S, being 12 mflea, by 9 in Oie
greatest breadth. On tiie N, smd S, it is bounded
by lofty mountains. This small tract is very pop
ulous, and, besides the capital, Calamandoo, is
filled with vUlages. Thia valley, although be
tween 27° and 28" N. lat is so elevated that it en
joya an European climate. The soil is productive, .
The mountains contain mines of copper and iron!
and, although commerce is not encouraged, it
aends lo Bengal, ivory, -wax, honey, rezin, timber,
&c. ; and takea in return musUns and silks of
Bengal, carpets, spices, tobacco, find European
goods. The government is despotic, and the rajah
is considered as the proprietor of the sofl. The
prevafling religion is the Hindoo, The Brahmins
of Nepaul are very numerous, and deeply skilled
in Sanacrit lore, One of the Ubrariea is said to
contain 15,000 volumes in that language.
In 1792, this country was invaded by the Chi
nese, and becarae tributary to the emperor. In Oct
1 801, a commercial treaty was concluded between
the Nepaulese and the Bengal government. In
1814, thia counfry was successfully invaded by

NER

NET

501

the British, and a portion of it -was ceded to the
conquerors. Iu 1816, the war was renewed with
still greater succesa. It was stipulated that a
British resident should be establiahed at .Cala
mandoo, the capital, Thia reaident haa aince
formed a commercial treaty with the Nepaulese
government, equally advantageous to the subjects ,
of both states. The British territories now extend
to the borders of Thibet, and it ia expected that
a vent will be opened for Ein extenaive sale of
woollen cloths and other manufactures,
Nepean, t. Carleton co. Up, Canada, on Ottawa
river, Nepean Island, a smaU isl, in the Pacific oceim,
about a qu-arter of a raile from Norfolk island. It
serves eis a place of transportation to tfae refractory
convicts of Norfolk ialand,
Nepean, Point, point on the S, coast of New
Holland, Lon, 144" SffE, Lat 38° Iff S.
Nepean Sound, bay on the N, W, coast of Amer
ica. Lon. 127° 30' W, Lat 53° 32' N.
Nepi, 1 , Italy, in the States of the Church, It is
the see of a biahop, 23 ra, N, N, W, Rorae, Pop.
1,800. Nepisingui, lake. Up, Canada, connected with
Lake Huron by French river, 26 leagues long.
It is coraputed to be 12 leagues long, and 15 miles
wide, Nepomuck, t. Bohemia, 66 m, S, W, Prague, 16
E, N, E, Klattaii, Pop, 900-
Neponset, r, Maaa, which flows into Boston har
bour. It ia na-vigable for veaaels of 150 tona 4
milea, to MUton,
Neponset, v. partly in Dorcheater and partly in
MUton, Mass, on both sides of the Neponset, 6 ra,
S, of Boston, Pop, 600, It contains a number of
miUs Emd manufactures,
Nero, r, Italy, in the Ecclesiastical States, which
falls into the Tiber opposite Otta.
JVerac, t FrEmce, in Lot-and-Garonne, on the
Baise, 70 m. S, E, Bourdeaux, Pop, 5,600,
Nerbuddah, r. Hind, which riaea in the province
of Gundwaneh, and running in a weaterly direc
tion, through the provincea of Khandeah, Malwah,
and Gujerat, fEdla into the gulf of CEirabay,
Nerechta, t. Eu. Russia, on the river Nerechta,
which falls into the Wolga, 26 m. S.W. Kostroma,
Neresheim, t. Wirtemberg, 6 m. S. S.W. Nord
lingen. Pop. 1,000.
Neresi, t. of the island of Brsizza, on the coast of
Austrian Dalmatia.
Nereto, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 36 ra. N, N,
E, Aqufla, Pop, 1,600.
Nerike, a province of the central part of Swe
den, surrounded by the Westmannland, Warme
land, East and West Gothland, and Sundermann-
land. Area, 1,800 sq. mfles. Pop. 55,000. It
now forms part of the government of Orebro.
Nerinjepeitah, t India, iu Coimbetoor. Lon.
77°5ff E, Lat 11° 35'N,
Neris, t. FrEmce, in Allier, 4 m. S, E, Montlu
con, Pop. 1,200.
Neronda, t. France, 24 ra.W. Lyona. Pop. 1,100.
Nerondes, t. France, in Cher, 17 ra. E. Bourgea.
Pop. 1,300.
Nertscha, r. A. Russia, which falls into the
Amour near Nertschink.
Nertschink, t A. Russia, on the government of
Irkoutsk, on the Chinese frontier. At one time
the caravsms destined for the trade with China
pasaed through thia town; but since they have
gone by the-way of Selinginsk, the importance of
this plEice ia much decayed. 'The district is now
chiefly distinguished by the mines of lead and sil

ver which are worked by the crown, who e?iploy
in them the unfortunate peraons banished into thia
reraote pEirt ofthe empire. Lon. 116° 44' E, Lat.
61° 5ff N. Pop. 2,000.
Nervi, t. Sardinian states, on the sea-coast, 6 ra.
E. S, E, Genoa,
Nerviana, t. Austrian Italy, 12 ra, N. W. Milan.
Nervieux, t France, in Loire, 12 ra. N. Mont
brison. Pop. 1,300.
Nesa, t Kharaam, 100 m, N, Mesched,
Nesbit, Paint, cape on the W, coast of the Duke
of York's island, in the Duke of Clarence's strait.
Lon. 227° 2ff E. Lat, 56" 15' N,
Nesbitt's iron works, p-v, Spartanburg district,
S, C,
Neschin, t. Eu, Russia, in the government of
Czernigov, on the river Oster, 49 m, S, S, E, Czer
nigov, Pop, 16,000,
Nescopeck, i. Luzerne co. Pa, which runs into
the Suaquehannah, in lat, 41° 3' N, At its mouth
there is a fall,
Nescopeck, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. at the confluence
of the Nescopeck with the Susquehannafa, 40 ra,
N, E. Nortiiumberiand. Fop, 460, '
Neshominy, r. Bucka co. Pa, which runs into
the Delaware, 6 ra, below Briatol.
Neshannack, I, Mercer co. Pa, Pop. 700.
Nesle, t. France, in Sorarae, 10 ra. S. Peronne,
25 E, Araiena, Pop. 1,700.
Ness, r. Scotland, whicfa issues frora Loch Ness,
and falls into the Murray frith at Inverness,
Ness, Loch, a beautiful lake of Scotland, in In
verness-shire, 22 miles long, and from 1 to 2i broad.
It discharges its walers into the Murray frith by
the river Ness,
Nesso, or Nesserland, isl, Germany, in the Dol
lart Lon. 6° SffE, Lat 53° IffN.
Nisse, r. Saxony, whicfa falla into tfae Werra, 5
ra. N, W. Eiaenach.
JVcjsetoang, t, Bavaria, II ra, S, E, Kerapten.
Pop, 1,200,
Neston, or Great Nestan, t. Eng, inCfaesfaire, on
the N, bank, and near the raouth of the Dee. 1 1
m, N. W, Cheater, 192 W. by N. London, Lou,-
3° ff W. Lat. 63° 17' N, Pop. 1,332.
Nestved, t, Denmark, in the ialand of Zealand,
44 m. S. S, W, Copenhagen, Poj). 1,500, -
Netches, r. Texas, which flows into the W, aide
of the Sabine, at the expansion near ita raouth,
Nethe, Great and Little, two small rivers of the
Netherlands, in Antwerp, which unite N. E, of
Lierre. The united stream becomes navigable,
and bears the name of Ruppel, till it falls into the
Scheldt Neiherlands^a kingdom of the central part of
Europe, constituted in 1814, and consisting of 17
provinces (7 Dutch and 10 Belgic,) along with
the grand duchy of Luxemberg. It extends from
49° 30' lo 53° 34' N, lat. and from 2° 30' lo 6" 5ff
E. lon. It is bounded W. and N. by the German
ocean, S. by France, and E. by Hanover and the
Prussian territories of the Lower Rhine. Extent,
24,400 square miles. Its population is as follows^

Holland, , 750,000
East Flanders, 602,000
West I'landers, 521,000
Hainault, 431,000
South Brabant, 366,000
Liege, 35,3,000
Limburg, 293,000
North Brabant, 252,000
Antwerp, 250,000

Gelderland, Luxemberg,
Friesland; Namur,
Overyssel, Groningen,Zealand,
Utrecht,Drenthe,

244,000226,000 177,000 157,000
148,000136,000 112,000
108,000 47,000
5,175,000

502

NET

N E V

, In the northern tor Dutch provinces, there are
fteither mountains nor hiUs. The country is a
Vast marshy plain, intersected in all directions by
an infinity of canals and ditches. The southern pro
vinces exhibit a great variety conaisting of woods,
meadows, and corn fields, undulating plEiins, and
gentle erainencea. The soil of the Netherlands is
in general fruitful, the Dutch part affording rich
pasture, while the Belgic part, especially Flan
dera, abounds with exceUent corn land.
The universities are six in number, viz, the well
known ones of Leyden, Utrecht, and Groningen ;
Louvain also, an old univeraity, suspended for a
tirae, bul re-established by a royal edict of 25lh
Sept, 1816, whicfa alao instituted two new univer
sities, Ghent and Liege, There is a military
school at Dort,and a naval school at Helvoetsluys,
The established reUgion of the northern prov
inces is the Calvinist ; bul as toleration has been
ao long prevalent, religious sects of every descrip
tion are to be found there. In the Belgic provin
ces the inhabitants are principally Cjitfaolics, and
taking the whole kingdom together, more than two
thirds of the whole population are Catholics,
The constitution of the Netherlands dates only
from 1814, and bears a close resemblance to that of
Great Britain, The (Possession of all executive
power by the king, the inviolabiUty of his per
son, the responsibility of his ministers, the ap
pointment Of a cabinet and privy council, but
above all, a double house of parliament, arc stri
king feat ures of resemblance. The chief diflerence
is in the existence' of provincial states, or assem
blies charged witha variety of iraportant local du
ties, such as Uie care of the roada and bridges,
«f religious worship, of charitable institutions, of
the execution of the laws, of the expenditure of the
local magistrates, and in particular with the elec
tion ofthe members ofthe comraons house of par
liament This approximEttion lo the federal gov
emraent ofthe United Slates of Araerica, ia owing
lo the long existence of provincial powers and usa
ges, particularly amongthe Dutch. The number
of members ofthe lowet house ia 110, and the pro
portion returned by the Dutch and Belgiana ia
equal, notwithstanding the difference in popula
tion. These representatives are renewed by a
third annually. The raerabers of the upper house
are naraed by the king for Ufe : their tities are not
hereditary. In the Netherlands, asin France, no
bills can be brought into parUaraent by the oppo.
sition ; all motions for the purpose of making laws
require the sanction of the crown, Thia precau
tion is deemed necessary in a new and unsettled
government. The liberty of the preaa exists near
ly as in England ; Emd there are no political dis-
qualifioatioua on account of reUgious tenets. The
judgea are appointed by the king, on the presenta
tion either of parliament, or the provincial states.
They hold their places for life. The royal power
is vested in the family of Nassau-Orange, "The ti
tle is, "kingof the Netherlands, prince ofOrange,
and grand duke of Luxemburg;" in the last capa
city, heia a member of the Germanic confedera
tion, ThEi annual expenditure ofthe Netherlands is
nearly 7,000,000/. sterling, and the revenue has,
since 1819, been the same. The navy coata only
500,000/, a-year ; Uie army 2,500,000i ; the
church cstablishmenta, Catholic, Proteatant, and
sectaries, about 270,000/, ; but the great preaaure
arises, js in Britain, from the intereat of Uie na
tional -Tc^. Tho t debt amounts to 14O,00O,000A ;

but the interest does not much exceed 5,000,000/.-
sterling. The army amounts in peace to about 50,000
regulara. The marine consiata at present of only
12 sail ofthe line, and twice as raany frigates.
The Dutch colonies are, 1st, in Asia, Java, with
the lesser govemments of Amboyna, Banda, Ter
nate, Malacca, and Macassar, aa well as the facto
ries in Coromandel and Persia, 2. In Africa, 13
small forts on the coaat of Guinea, 3. In the West
Indies, the colony of Surinam on the mainland,
aud the islanda of Curacao, St Eustatius, and St,
Martin, The union of Belgium and HoUand into
one independent stale took place in 1814, This
union has uot yet obtained tfaecordial acquiescence
ofthe raajority ofthe Belgians j but time can hard
ly fail to show thera its advantages. See Bol-
land. Nelhy, r. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, which
falls into the Spey, 3 m, S, E, Grantown,
Netophah, in Sac. Geog. city of Palestine, be
tween Bethlehem and Anathoth.
Netrovutty, r. India, in South Canara, which
runs into the lake of Mangalore, and then disem
bogues into the sesu It is navigable by boats for
20 or 30 miles.
Netsbucktoke, or Sandwich bay, bay on theE,
coast of Labrador. Lon, 57° 30' W. Lat 53°
45' N.
Nettc, or Netha, r. Prusiian states, which falls
into the Weser, 3, m. S Corvey.
.N'etlolics, or Nettolicsy, t Bohemia, 6 m, E,
Prachatitz, 72 S, Prague. Pop. 1,700,
Ndluna, t. Italy, in the Statea of the Church,
ou the sea coast, 3) ra, S. S. E. Rome.
Nets, or Noiec, r. which risea in Poland, and
falls into the Wartha, above Landsberg,
Neva, r. Russia, which issues from the great lake
Ladoga ; and after a course of about 36 miles to
the westward, erapties itself into the gulf of Fin
land, below St, Petersburg, by three mouUis,
Though its course is so short, the river is from 300
to 400 yards wide, and from 10 to 15 feet deep,
Nevada, or Sierra Nevada, i. e. the Snowy Range,
a well known chain of raountains in lie S, of
Spain, It branches off from the great Iberian
chain, in the vicinity of Uie Sierras de Fflabres
and AlgamiUa, runs through Granada and Anda
lusia from E. to W. and terrainates on the shores
of the MediterraneEUi, in several promontories, of
which that of Gibrsdtar is Uie most remarkable.
The loftiest pe-ak is 13,600 feet
Neubaurg, t. France, in Eure, 11 m. N.W, Ev
reux, Pop, 1,500,
Neuburg, called also the Younger Palatinate,
formerly a duchy of the German empire, contain
ing 1,080 sq, mfles, and 102,000 inhabitants. It
is now included in the Bai'ariEm circle of the Up
per Danube and the Regen.
Neuburg, t. GermEmy, in Bavaria, on the Dan
ube, 1 1 m. W, Ingolstadt Lon. 11° 11' E, Lat
48° 44' N, Pop. 4,000.
Neuburg. See Klosler-Neuburg t . also Kom-
Neuburg. Neudamm, t Prusaian atates, in Brandenburg,
1 1 ra , N, by E, Custrim, 60 E, N, E. Berlin, Pop.
2,200, Netideck, t. Boheraia, 10 m, N, W, Carlsbad,
Pop, 1,400,
Neudenau, t, Baden, on the Jaxt, 11 m. N, oy
E, Heilbron, Pop, 1,100,
Nevel, t. Eu, Russia, 53 m. N, N. W, Vitepsl"
Pop, 2,000,

NEU
Nevek, t. Netherlands, in East Flandera, 8 ta.
W. by S, Ghent, Pop, 3,200,
Neuenburg, or Nowe, t. Pruaaia, on the Vistula,
10 m, S, W. Marienwerder, Pop. 1,800,
Neuenburg, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 15 ra. S.
Old Brisach, Pop. 800.
Neuenburg, t. 'Wirtemberg, on the Enz, 26 ra.
W. Stutgard. Pop. 1,700.
Neuen-Kalden, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, 30 m. S. E. Rostock. Pop. 1,300.
Neuenkirchen, t, Prussian states, 16 m. W, N,
W, Paderborn, Pop, 1,200.
Neuenkirchen, t, Hanover, 5 m. S, W, Otten-
dorf. Pop, 1,100,
Neuen-Otting. See Oetting, New.
Neuenrade, t Prusaian states, 7 ra, S, Iserlohn,
Pop. 1,500,
Neuenstadt, t Wirtemberg, on the Kocher, 10
m. W. N. W. Oehringen. Pop. 1,250.
Ne;uenstein, t Wirtemberg, 3 m. E. Oehringen.
Pop. 1,400.
Neverburg, t. Prusaian province of the Lower
Rhuje, 19 ra. N. N. W. Trevea. Pop. 1,300.
Neveri, i. S. Araerica, in Curaana, whicfa runa
into the aea between the citiea of BEu-celona and
Curaana. Nevers, t. France, cap. of Niievre, on the Loire,
where that river ia joined by the Nievre. It hfis
manufacturea of glaaa, plate, hardware, earthen
ware, and enamel. "The neighbourhood haa iron
mines, and a number of forges ; Edso foundries for
cannon, CEinnon-balls, and anchora. Itia the see of
a bishop. SO ra. N. N. W. Moulins, 116 N. W.
Lyons. Lon. 3° 9' E, Lat 46° Sff N, Pop, 12,000,
Neversink, or Navesink, t. Sullivan co, N, Y,
Pop, 953,
Neversink, r. Ulster co, N, Y, which runs into
the Delaware,
Neversink hills. See Navesink,,
Neufbourg. See Neu^ourg.
Neufchateau, t France, iu Vosges, 28 m, S, W,
Nancy, Pop, 2,700.
Neufchateau, t Netherlands, inthe grand duchy
of Luxeraburg, 30 m, W, N, W, Luxemburg,
Pop. 1,300.
Neufchatel, a canton in the W. of Switzerland,
bounded by the canton of Bern, the lake of Neuf
chatel, the Pays de Vaud, and a part of tfae fron
tier of France. Extent, 340 sq. miles. Pop.
50,000. It faas manufactures of cotton, linen and
woollen, lace, and stockinga ; also of watchea and
otfaer works in metal. The inhabitants, except
about 2,(X)0, are Protestants. Their language is
French.. In 1707, en the extinction of the reign
ing family, tfae State acknowledged the claims of
the king of Prussia to the sovereignty. In 1807,
by the treaty of Tilsit, it was ceded by Prussia to
France, and given by Bonaparte to marshal Ber
thier. In 1814, it WEIS restored to Prussia,
Neufchatel, cap, of the foregoing canton, is ou
the lake of Neufchatel, It has manufactures of
printed cottons Eind Unens. SO m. N. E. Lausanne,
25 W. Bern. Lon. 7° E. Lat 47° 5' N, Pop,
5,000, Neufchatel, Lake of, in the N. W, of Switzer-
laijd, between the canton of that name and the
canton of Friburg. It ia about 20 miles long, and
4 broad. Its w-aters flow througfa the small lake
of Bienne into the Aar, and eventually into the
Rhine. Neufchatel, t. France, *i Lower Saine, 26 m.
-V. E-. Rouen, Pop, 2,900,

NEU

503

Jtaufeld, t, Auatrian states, on the river Muhl,
17 m, N,W, Lintz,
'Neuffen, t, Wirtemberg, 17 m. S, S, E. Stut
gard, Pop. 1,500,
Neufren, t Gerraany, in HohenzoUern, 10 m.
N, Sigmaringen, Pop, 900.
Neuhaus, or Gindrsichu Hradicz, t Bohemia.
68 m. S. S, E, Prague, Pop, 5,200,
Neuhaus, t. Hanover, iu the duchy of Bremen,
at the influx of the Oste into the Elbe, 18 m. W,
Gluckstadt. Pop. 1,500,
Neuliaus, t Prussian state's, where the Pader
and Alme fall into the Lippe, 2 ra, N. N. E, Pader
born. Pop. 1,500.
Neuhausel, t. Hungary, 48 m, E,by S, Presburg.
Neuhausen, v. Switz, 8 m, W, by S, Schaff
hausen. Neuhqf, V, Hesae-C-assel, 6 ra, S. S, W. Fulda.
Nevitla, p-v. Clerraont co, Ohio,
Neuille, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 14 m.
N, W, Tours. Pop. 1,800.
Neuilly, v. France, 3 m, N, W. Paris, It is sit
uated on the Seine, and givea narae to the N, W.
entrance into the capital. Pop, 2,500,
Neuilly le Real, t. France, in Allier, 9 ra. S. S,
E, Moulina. Pop. 1,200.
Neuilly VEveque, t. France, in Upper Marne, 9
ra. N. by E. Langres. Pop, 1,000.
Neuilly St. Front, t France, in Aiane, 9 m, N.
N, W. Chateau-Thierry, Pop. 1,800.
NeviPs Bay, bay on tfae W. afaore of Hudson's
hay. Lon. 94° W, Lat, 61° 68' N,
Nevilsville, p-t Clermont co, Ohio, on Ohio
river, 21 ra, W, Williarasburg. Pop, in 1816, 200.
Nevis, or Nievis, isl, of the West Indies, belong
ing lo the English, It is a beautiful spot, and lit
tle more than a aingle mountain, whoae base is 23
railes in circumference, Il ia well watered, and
in general fertile, producing on an averEige on4-
hogshead of sugar per acre, and about 4,000
hogsheads in the whole, Lon. 62° 35' W, Lat.
17° 14' N. Pop. 16,000, of whora 6,000 are whitea,
and 10,000 negroes,
Neukirchen, t. Germany, in the electorate qf
Hesse, 31 m, S. Cassel. Pop. 1,600,
Neukirchen, or Mark Neukirchen, t. Saxony, 13
m, S. E. Plauen. Pop, 1,400,
Neukirchen, t Bavaria, 40 m. E. N. E, Ratisbon,,
14 E, by N. Cham, Pop, 1,100,
Neukr, v. Wirteraberg, 35 ra, N. Ulm, Pop,
1,500, Neumagen, t. Prusaian province of the Lower
Rhine, on Uie Moselle, 1 1 m. E, N, E, Treves-
Pop. 1,100,
Neumark, t, '.Austrian states, iu Tyrol, on the
Adige, 19 ra, N. N, E, Trent
Neumarkt, t Bavaria, 19 ra, S, E, Nuremberg,
Pop, 2,400,
Neumarkt, t. Bavaria, 43 m, E, N, E, Munich,
Pop, 900,
Neumarkt, t. Pruasian states, 21 m. W, N, W.
Breslau, Pop, 2,100.
Neumarkt, or Tersezh, t, Austrian atates, 16 ra-.
S, Clagenfurt,
Neumunstcr, t. Holatein, 18 m, S. W, Kiel, 28
N, Hamburgh, Pop, 1,500,
Neundarf, Langen, v*PrU3aian states, 5 m, N,
N, E, Buntzlau, Pop, 1,000,
Neunkirchm, t Austria, 35 ra, S. by W, Vienna,
Pop, 3,000,
Neuresclie or Nowarzisse, t Austrian states, in
Moravia, 42 m, W, Brunn, Pop, 900.

504

NEU

Neuroda, t. Pruasian atates, 13 m. N. Glatz,
Pop. 3,000, , ^
Neusats, t. Pruaaian atates, 22 m, N. W. Glogau.
pop. 1,700.
Newsatz, or Nea-Planta, or Uj-Videk, t, Hun
gary, in the palatinate of Bacs, on the Danube,
lon, 19° 62' E. Lat 45" 16' N. Pop. 13,400,
JVeuse, r.N, C, risea near Hillsborough, in the
northern part of the State, and after a S, E, course
of raore than 600 miles, falls into PamUco Sound,
70 m, below Newbern, It ia navigable for aea
veasela 12 ra, above Newbern, and for boats 200,
Neusiedkr-See, or Fertae, lake, in the W. of
Hungary, about 30 raUes long, and 10 broad,
Neusohl, or Besztercse-Banya, t, of the N, W,
of Hungary, on tfae rivers Gran and Bistricz, In
the neighborhood are extensive copper raines, and
the town contains a manufactory of Sword blades,
100 ra, E, N, E, Presburg, 86 N, Pest Lon, 19°
9' E. Lat 48° 4ff N, Pop. 10,100,
Neuss, t. Prussian province of Berg and Cleves,
on the Erfft, near its influx into the Rhine, 3 ra,
S, W, Duaaeldorf, ' Pop, 6,400,
Neustadt, t. Germany, in the duchy of Bruna
wick, Here are the productive aalt-worka of
JuUuahall, belonging in comraon to Brunawick
and Hanover. Pop. 1,000, 6 ra-E. by S. Goslar,
25 S. Brunswick.
Neustadt, t. Hease-Cassel, 13 ra. E. Marpurg.
Pop. 1,500.
Neustadt, t. Mecklenburg-Schwcrin, 18 ra, S.
by E. Schwerin. Pop. 1,000,
Neustadt, t, Poland, 90 ra, E. Konigsberg, Pop.
2,300, Neustadt, t. Prusaian statea, 57 ra, S. S. E. Bres
lau. Pop, 3,700,
Neustadt, or Livowek, t Pruaaian Poland, 30 m.
S. S. E. Posen. Pop, 1,750, of whora about a
fourth are Jews.
Neustadt, t Saxony, 19 m, E, Dreaden. Pop.
1,500. Neustadt, t. West Prussia, 22 ra, N. N, W,
Dantzic, Pop, 950,
Neustadt, t Pruasian Saxony, adjoining Mag
deburg, Pop, 6,700,
Neustadt, a circle of Saxony, ceded to Pruasia
in 1815, The greater part waa aubaequenUy
raade over to the grand duke of Saxe- Weiraar,
Neustadt, Maehrisch or Moravian, t. Auatrian
atatea, in Moravia, 13 m, N. Olmutz, Pop. 3,000.
Neustadt, or Nawy-Miesto, t. Bohemia, 76 m. E,
N, E, Prague, Pop, 1,400.
Neustadt, t, Denraark, in the duchy of Holstein,
onthe bay of Lubeck, Pop. 1,400.
Neustadt, t. Baden, 17 ra, E, S, E, Freyburg,
Pop. 1,150.
Neustadt, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 18 m. S,
W, Ratisbon, Pop. 900.
Neustadt, t. Bavaria, 60 m. N, by E, Ratisbon,
Pop, 1,150,
Neusladt-Eberswald, t, Prussian States, in Bran
denburg, at the confluence of the Finow and the
Schwarz, SO m, N, E, Beriin. Pop, 3,000,
Neustadt an the Aisch, t. Bavarian States, 22 ra,
W, N, W, Nuremberg, Pop, 1,900,
Neustadt on the Dosse, t, Pruaaia, in Branden
burg, 44 m. W, N, W, Berlin, Pop, 800,
Neustadt on tlie Hart, t. Bavarian States, 12 m,
N, Landau, 17 S, W, Msinheira, Pop, 2,900,
Neustadt an the Hc«</t,t, Gerraany, in the duchy
of Saxc-Cobourg, 8 m, N. E, Cobourg, Pop,
1,600,

NEU
Neustadt on the Kulm, t, Bavaria, 15 m, S. E,
Bayreuth. Pop. 900,
Neustadt on the Orle, t. Gerraany, in the grand
duchy of Saxe- Weiraar, 24 ra, S. E. Weimar, 16
S, W. Gera, Lon, 12° ff 10" E, Lat 50° 44' 34" N,
Pop, 2,500,
Neustadt on the Rubenberg , t. Hanover, on the
Leine, 16 ra. N, W. Hanover. Pop, 1,300.
Neustadt on tlie Soak, t Bavaria, 41 m. N.by E.
Wurzburg, Fop. 1,650,
Neustadt, Wienerisch, a fortified t Lower Aus
tria, on the Fischa and the Steinfeld. Here is a
military school which has 36 profesaors, and 440
pupils. It haa manufacturea of pina, bi-aas-wire,
ailk atuffs, woollena, and atone ware. A canal
connects thia town with Vienna. 28 m. S. Vien-
na. Pop. 7,000,
Neustadtd, or Rudolpliswerth, t. Austrian States,
25 ra. S, S, E, Laybach, 46 E, N, E. Fiume, Pop,
1,600. Neustadtd, t Prussian Statea, 15 m, W. by N,
Great Glogau. Pop, 1,000.
Neukich, t. West Prussia, 16m. W. Elbing, Pop.
1,300. Neutra, or Nyitra, a palatinate ofthe N. W. of
Hungary, bordering on Moravia. Area, 2,570
aquare milea. Pop.' 320,000. Neutra, or Xfilra,
the capital, ia 44 ra. E. by N. Presburg. Pop,
3,900. Neuve Eglise, t. Netherlands, in West Flanders,
10 ra, S. Yprea, Pop, 2,900.
Neuvic, t France, in Dordogne, 14 m, S, W.
Perigueux. Pop, 1,800.
Neuvic, t. France, in Correze, 14 m. S. Usael, 27
E. by N, Tulle. Pop. 1,700,
Neuvic Entier, t France, in Upper-Vienne.
Pop. 1,200.
Neuville, or Neustadt, t Swias canton of Bern,
10 ra. N. E. Neufchatel. 19 W. N, W, Berne, Pop,
1,200, Neuvilk, or Naville, t Svritz, in Oie Pays de
Vaud, 22 ra, S. E, Lausanne.
NeuviUe, t France, on the Saone, 9 m. N, Lyons.
Pop. 1,700,
Neuville, or Point aux Trembles, seig^iioiy,
Hampahire co. Lower Canada, on the N. side of
the St.' Lawrence, 16 m. W. by S, Quebec,
NeuviUe au Pont, t France, in Marne, on flie
Aiane, 3 ra, N. W, St. Menehould, Pop, 1,200.
Neuville aux Bois, t France, in Lofret, 12 m.
N.Orleans, Pop. 2,000.
Neuvy, t. France, iu Nievre, 3 m. W. Clamecy.
Pop. 1,300.
Neuvy, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire. Pop.
1,000. Newvy le Roi, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 13
m, N, Toui-s, Pop, 1,600,
Neuvy le Sautaur, t France, in Yonne, 17 m, N.
W. Tonnere. Pop, 1,350,
Neuvy, or St. Sepulcre, t France, in Indre, 14
m, S, Chateauroux, Pop, 1,700,
Neuvy sjtr Baranian, t. France, in Cher, 16 m,
N, N. W, Bourgea, Pop, 800.
Neuwarp, t. Prussia, in Pomerania, 23 m. N, N-
W, Stettin, Pop, 1,350.
Neuwedet, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 28 m. E,
Stargard. Pop, 1,350,
Neuwied, t. Pruasian Statea, in the province pt
the Lower Rhine, government of Coblentz, onthe
Rhine, It has a variety of manufacturea, of cotton
and wool, hju-dwaro, linen, soa^, watehea, and
caViinet-roa^tin?. From its vicinity to tbe Rhine,

NEW
it has Edso a trsiflic ii^krn, wine, timber, and pot
ash, 7 ra, N, N', W, Coblentz, 42 S. S, E, Cologne,
Pop, 3,600,
Nevyn, or Nefin, t, Wales, in Caernarvonshire,
249 ra, N, W, London, Pop. 1,177,
New Alliony, p-t and cap, Floyd co. Indiana, on
the Ohio, nearly opposite PorUEmd, Ken, and 4 ra,
below the falls at Jeffersonville, It was laid out in
1814, Erad has had a rapid growth, and ia atill in-
creEising. It containa at preaent, 150 dwelling
housea, a Presbyterian church and about 1,000
inhabitauts. Here are a steEun saw, and grist raill,
and a ship yard. The site of the town is on the
aecond bank of the Ohio, It abounds witfa apringa
of excellent water and is very healthy.
New Albion, a name formerly applied to a coun
try of indefinite extent on Uie W. coaat of N.
America, extending, according to aome, from 30°
to 38° N. lat, and according to others, from 43° to
48°. The uEime ia left out of tfae best modern maps.
New Alexandria, p-v, WeatmorelEmd co. Pa,
New Alexandria, t Columbiana co. Ohio,
New Amsterdam, t, and cap, of Berbice, S.
Americsi, standa on Berbice river, 4 ra. above its
mouth. Pop. about 150 whites. The GoVern-
ment-house is perhaps the largest iri Uie Weat In
diea, It ia built of brick. Here are also a court
house, a Dutch LutherEin Church, a Dutch Prot
estant Church, and a missionary chapel for the
blacks and coloured people.
Newark, borough; Eng. in Nottingham co, ia a
considerable trading town, next to Nottingham the
largest in the county, and a noted stage on the
great road from London to York, It atanda on a
branch of the Trent, Il enjoya a flouriahing trade
in corn, coal, cattle, wool, and other coramoditiea,
20 m, N, E, Nottingham, 124 N, W. London, Lon,
0° 4ff W. Lat 53° ff N, Pop. 7,236.
Newark, t Upper Canada, 7 m. N. Queenatown
very pleasantiy situated at the entrance of the riv
er Niagara into Lake Ontario, and Edmost fronting
Fort NiagEu:a' on the American side. It was begun
in 1796, and had increased to about 200 houses,
with a church, court-house, and other public
buildiugs ; but aU of these, with the greatest part
of tfae dwelling housea were deatroyed by the
Araericana in December 1813, when they evacua
ted Fort George, which ia within the Uraila of the
town, Newark, t Essex co. Vt, 44 m. N, E, MontpeUer,
Pop, 88.
, Newark, p-t. and cap, Essex co. N. J, is pleasant
ly situated near the W. bank of Paaaaic river, 2 or
3 milea in a direct line from its mouth in Newark
bay, 9 m. W. New-York city, 6 N, Elizabethtown,
It is a handsorae and flourishing town, celebrated
for the excellence of the cider made in ila neigh
bourhood. In this and in the adjoining town of
Orange, there are valuable quarries of stone for
building, and numerous tanneries ; and shoes are
manufactured on a large scale, Newark contains a
court-house, jail, 2 banks, an academy, and 5
houses of public worahip, 2 for Preabyterians, I for
Epiacopaliana, 1 for Baptiata, and 1 for Methodists,
One of the Presbyterian churchea ia of atone, and
ia the largeat and raost elegant building of the kind
in the State. Pop, in 1810, 8,008,
Newark bay, in N, J, is forraed by the confluence
of the Pasaiac and Hackinsack rivera, and ia aep
arated from Hudaon river on the E, by Bergen
neck. It comraunicates with New- York bay by a
navigable channel on the N, pide of Staten Island,
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and with Araboy bay by a channel along the W.
aide ofthe island,
Newark, p-t, NewcasUe co, Del,
Newark, p-t, and cap. Licking co, Ohio, on Lick
ing river, 26 m, W, N, 'V^, ZanesviUe, Pop, in
1815, 400^
New Asf§brd, t, Berlcshire co, Masa, 20 m, N.
Lenox, Pop, 411,
New Athens, t, Harriaon co. Ohio, 6 m, S, Cadiz,
Newbald Cape, cape on the N, coalt of New
HoUand, near the entrance into the gulfof Capen-
taria, Newbattk, or Newbottle, v. Scotland, 7 m, S,
Edinburgh, New Baltimore, t, Greene co, N, Y, on tfae Hud
son, 16 m, above Catskill, 18 below Albany,
JVeui Baltimore, p-v. Faquier co, Va,
New Barbadoes, t, Bergen i co, N, J, on the Pas
saic, Pop. 2,836,
New Bedford, p-t, and s-p. Bristol co, Masa, on a
araall bay which acts up from the N, aide of Buz-
zard'a bay, between Clarke'a neck on the W, and
Sconticutt point on tfae E. An ialand between the
pointa renders the entrance narrow,but tfae hsirbor
ia aafe and commodioua. The inhabitants own a
large amount of shipping, and are very extensive
ly engaged in the whale fishery. The codfiahery
also employa a large number of veaaels, and there
are several ships engaged in foreign trade. The
principal exports are whale oil, spermaceti can*
dies, and fish. New Bedford contains a bank, iur
surance office, academy, 5 houaea for public wor
ship, 1 for Friends, 2 for Congregationaliats, and 2
for Baptiata. In 1810, before the separation of
Fairhaven, the population was 5,651.
New Bedford, p-t. Mercer co. Pa.
New Berlin, p-t. Chenango co, N. Y, 7 m. E,
Norwich, 90 W, Albany. Pop, 1,632,
Ne^' Berlin, p-v. Union co. Pa.
Newbem, p-v. Montgpraery co. Va.
Newbem, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Craven co.
N. C. on a flat aandy point of land, at the junction
of Neuse river with the Trent, 35 ra. S. S. W.
Washington, 123 S. E. Raleigh, 100 N. N. E. Wil
mington, 290 N. E. Charieston. Lon. 77° 25' W.
Lat 35° 20' N. Pop. in 1818, nearly 6,000. Itis
tile largest town in the Slate, and raore healtfay
than any other near the sea coEist It contains a
court-faouse, jail, tfaeatre, 2 banka, and 3 houses of
public worship, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists,
and 1 for Methodists, The shipping of Newbern
District in 1815, was 5,049 tona, Conaiderable
coraraerce is carried on in the export of lumber,
naval stores, grain and pork,
Newberry, jp-t. Burlington co, N, J,
Newberry, t. Lycoraing co. Pa. on Lycoming
river, at its entrance into the Susquehannah, op
posite Williarasport
Newberry, p-t. Christian co. Ken.
Newbills, p-v. Carapbell co. Va,
New Bistritz, or New Fistritz, t. Bohemia, 28
ra, E, Budweis, Pop, 2,100,
Newborough, t Walea, in the ialand of Anglesey,
6 m, N, W, Caernarvon, 257 N, W. London, Pop,
750. Newborough, or Gorey, t. Ireland, in Wexford
CO. 21 ra. N. Wexford, 39 S. Dublin.
Newborough, t. Eng. in Staffordshire, 6 ra. S. E.
Utloxeler. Pop. 623.
New Boston, p-t HiUsborough co. N, H. 17 ra.
S.jConcord. Pop. 1,810.
New Boston, p-t Clark co, Ohio, 4 m, S. W.
Springfield, Pop. in 1815, 600,

506

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New BourbQn,y. St, Genevieve co, Misaouri, on
the Misaissippi, 2 m, below St Genevieve, 53 S,
St. Louis, It contains about 70 houaes.
New Braintree, prt Ayorcester co. Mass, 18 ra,
W,N, W, Worce;ater, Pop. 912,
New Brandenburg, t Germany, ij^the grand
duchy oi Mecklenburg-StreUtz, 63 m^, Stettin,
Pop, 4,700,
New Britain, t, Bucka co. Pa, 26 ra. from PhU
adelphia, New Britain. See Britain, New.
New Brownsville, t, Wayne co. Ohio,
New Brunswick. See Brunswick, New.
Newburgh, t. Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the 3.
bank of the Tay. The harbour ia apacioua, and
the Tay is navigable for vessels of 500 tons lo this
place. Pop. 2,000.
Newburgh, v. ScotlEuad, in Aberdeenahire, at
the mouth ofthe Ythan, 10 ra. N. Aberdeen. Pop.
200. : , ' ,»
Netcburgh, p-t. and halfshire town, Orange co.
N. Y. on the W. bank of the Hudson, 96 m. S. of
Albany, and 70 on the stage road N. of New York.
Pop. in 1810, 4,627. The village is pleasantly
situated on the Hudson, lis trade employa about
30 vessela, and few placea are increaaing more
rapidly, in wealth and population. It containa a
bank, court-house, jail, academy, and 4 houses for
public worahip, 2 for Preabyteriana, 1 for Epiaco-
psdians, and 1 for Methodista,
Newburgh,i. Cuyahoga co, Ohio, S,E, of Clever
land. New Burlington, p-v. Athena co. Ohio,
Newbury, borough t Eng. in Berkshire, one
of the largest towns in the county, and formerly
celebrated for its woollen manufactures,, whiph,
however, have now greatiy declined. It is in a
fertile plain, on the banks of the Kennel. 17 m,
W. by S. Reading, 56 W. London. Lon. 1° 2ff
W. Lat51°2ffN. Pop. 4,898.
Neiobury, t. Orange co. Vt on Connecticut riv
er, opposite Haverhill, 34 m. E. S. E. MontpeUer,
47 above Windsor. Pop. 1,363.
Newbury, t. Essex co. Mass. on the S. bank of
Merrimack river, bordering on Neburyport, and
opposite lo Salisbury, with which it is connected
by a bridge, 24 m. N,. Salem, 32 N. N, E. Boston,
Pop. 6,176. It contains 2 academies, and 6 parish
es, in each of which there ia a Congregational
meeting-house. Newbury, t. York co. Pa. on the W. side of the
Susquehannah. , Pop. 1,796,
Newbury, district, in the central part of S. C,
Pop, 13,964, including 4,006 slaves. At the court
house is' a post-oiBce,
Newburyport, p-t, and port of entry, Essex co,
Masa. on the S. bank of Merrimack river, 3 miles
from its mouth, 24 N, of Salem, 24 S, S, W, Ports
mouth, S3 N. N, E, Boston, Lon,'70° 47' W, Lat.
42°49'N. Pop. 7,634, Itisoneof the handsom-
¦ est towns in the U, S. the site being a beautiful
declivity, the houses handaomely built, and. the
streets wide, and intersecting each other nearly al
right angles. II contains 2 banks, 2 insurance
offices, and 7 houses of public worship, 3 for Con-
gregatioualita, 2 for Preabyteriana, I for Epiacopa-
lians, and 1 for Baptists, Il is the third town in
the State in population and commerce. The
amount of shipping in 1816, was 24,922 tons, era
ployed partly in the coasting trade and fisheries,
and partiy in the trade to the West Indies, Europe,
and the East Indiea, The town is well situated
for shipbuilding, having the adva.ntEig'e of receiv
ing lumber from the interior by Merrimack river.

NEW
The harbour is deep, aafe,|fcd apacioua, but dilli-'
cult to enter. The towrn suffered severely by the
restrictions on coramerce previous to the late war,
and by fire in 1811. It has not yet fully reoovereii
from these raiafortunes. ,
Newby's cross-roads, p-v. Culpeper co.Va.'
New Canaan, p-t. Fairfield co, Ct. 8 m. from
Long laland Sound, 77 S. W, Hartford. Pop.
1,599, It containa 2 churches, and an academy.
New Canton, p-v, Buckingham co, Vei,
New Corlisk, t. and cap, Gaspe co. Lower Can-
ada, on Chaleur bay. It containa about 60
houaea, Newcastle, t. Ireland, 20 m, S. W, Limerick.
Newcostk, t Ireland, 10 ra. W, S, W, Dublin,
Newcastle, district, Up, Canada, comprises Uie
counties of Northumberland and Durham,
Newcastk, t. and cap, Northumberland co. New
Brunswick, on Miramichi bay. It contains a
court-house and jail,
Newcastle, t. New Holland, in the colony of
New South Walea, at the raouth of Coal river, 60
m. N, of Sidney, Ita inhabitants are chiefly incor
rigible offenders, banished from Botany bay for
their crimes. Pop. 600.
Newcastk, p-t Lincoln co. Maine, on the W,
aide of Sheepscot river, 7 m, E, Wiscaaset Pop,
1,231, At Woodbridge neck, in thia town, aa
early European settlement was made, but after
wards abandoned.
Newcastk, or Great Island, isl. and t RocMng-
hara CO, N, H. at the raouth of Uie Piscataqua, 2 m-
E. Portsmouth, Pop, 692. Here is a fort and a
lighthouse. Newcastk, t Westchester co. N. Y. 37 m. N.
New York, 6 W. Bedford. Pop. 1,291.
Newcastle, p-t Mercer co. Pa.
Newcastle, co, Del, bounded N. by Pennaylvania,
E. by Delaware river and bay, S. by Kent county,
and W.by Maryland, Pop, 24,429. Slaves, 1,047,
Chief towns, NewcasUe and Wilmington.
Newcastle, p-t and cap, Newcastle co. Dd-
aware, ou Delaware river. The village con
tains 2 churches, a court-house, jaU, and about
200 houses. It carriea on a considerable trade in
wheat 34 m. S. W. Phitadelphia. Lat 39° 38'
N. Pop. 2,340.
Newcastk, p-t, Hanover co, Va, 24 m, N, E..
Richmond, Newcastk^ p-t, and cap, of Henry co. Ken, on
Kentucky river. It is a flourishing town, in a fer
tile country. It contains a court-house and jail.
The houses are principally of brick. Pop. in 1818,
700 or 800.
Newcastle, t Muskingum co. Ohio,
Newcastle Island, amall isl, in the Florida afream,
Lon, 81° 40' W, Lat 24° 48 N.
Newcastle in Elmyn, t Wales, 20 m, N,'V^,
Caermarthen, 2C3 W, London, Lon, 4° 27' W,
Lat 52° 2' N,
Newcastle-upon-Tyne, t Eng, in Norttiumher-
land CO. on tiie N, bank of the Tyne, about 10
miles from iU mouth. Ships of SOO or 400 tons
burden raay reach the town. The new parts of
the town are laid out with skill and taste, andiin
a superior style of architecture ; and the apiritof
improvement, with the increasing prosperity ol
the place, bid fair to render it equal in conven
ience and elegance to the first town in the king
dom. The charitable and literary institutions are
numerous, andin a style adequate to the opulent
Emd liberal spirit ofthe place.
The situation of Newcaslle, on the hanks of a

NEW

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507

navigable river, and in the greatest coal district
in the world, is tfae chief circumstance which
has raiaed it to ita present rank and importauce.
The principal collieries are situated along the
Tyne, both above and below the town ; frora this
magazine the vaat conauraption of the raetropolis,
the whole ofthe eastern, and raost ofthe southern
coasts of the island, and the opposite coasts of
France, Holland, -and Germany, have for centu
ries been auppUed, In eight years, frora Jsinuary
1802 to December 1809, 4,713,476 NewcasUe
chaldrons, or 12,490,700 tons of coals, were ex
ported from the Tyne ; that is, nearly 600,000
chaldrons annually. Iu 1819, the quantity ex
ported -waa — coastwise, 639,987 NewcasUe chal
drons ; over aea, 39,735.
From the coal pita, which are generally near
the biuiks of tfae Tyne, the -coala Eire conveyed lo
the river iu rail or tram roads, which, having a
gentie declivity all the way, the waggons, several
of them joined together, descend of themselves,
and having delivered their contents at the stationa
or staiths, are carried back by anotfaer road to the
mine. From the staiths the coala are conveyed,
for exportation, in keela or long boata, manned by
the keelmen, to their reapective vessels. The
keelmen EU-e a stout and hardy race ; and the
whole of the traffic in coals affords, indeed, an ex
ceUent nursery for aearaen. Besidea the coal
trade, Newcastle enjoya a considerable and flour
ishing foreign ti-ade, and is raoreover rich writh va
rious and extensive raanufactories. Several ships
are also sent to the Greenland fishery ; and the
total amount of ahipping that belongs to the port,
is at present computed at 834 ahipa, wfaicfa measure
184,149 tona, and employ 8,732 men. The nura
ber of vessels which cleared out in 1819, were —
Coasters, 8,828 ; foreign, 995. Among the manu
facturing establishments are, brick fields, potte-
riea, glaaa-houaes, and chemical worka for making
white lead, minium, and vitriol ; manufactories in
iron, tin, and every kind of metal ; machines for
fabricating brass wire, plate metal, &c. Ship-
buUding is also carried on to a great extent 270
m. N.by W. London. Lon. TST W, Lat, 64°
5ffN, Pop, in 1811,36,711,
Newcastle, or Newcastie-under-Line, t Eng, in
Staffordshire, on the E. bank ofthe Line, a branch
of the 'Trent The chief business consists in the
clothing trade and the raanufacture of hats. Around
thetown, the villages to a considerable distance
are entirely occupied with the raanufactures of
porcelain, earthenware, stoneware, Sic. forming
one great system, which, for its extent, and the
perfection to which the manufacture has been
carried, ia perhapa unequalled in the world. This
district abounds with coal. Newcastle sends two
membersto parliament, I5m,N.Stafford,149N,W.
London, Lon. 2" Iff W, Lat 53" 1' N, Pop,6,l75,
New /Charleston, t Penobscot co. Maine, 20 m.
:N. WrSangor, Pop. 210. It is a fine township
of land, and the population ia rapidly increaaing.
New Chester, I. Grafton co, N, H, on the Merri
mack, 16 ra, S. Plymouth. Pop. 895.
NeUichurch, t. Eng. in Lancaahire, 7 ra. S. S. W.
Burnley. Pop. 6,930.
JVeui Comerslawn, I, Tuscarawas co. Ohio, 18 m.
S. S. W. New Philadelphia.
New Cannecticvt. See Connecticut Reserve.
New Creek, r. N. C, whicfa runs into the aea, in
lon. 76° 52' W. lat, 34° 47' N,
New Durliam, t Strafford co. N. H. 38 m. N. W.
Portsmouth, pop. 888.

New Egypt, p-v. Monmouth co. N. J.
New England, the N, E, aection of the U, S,
boundedi N,'by Canada, E, by New Brunswick
and the Atlantic, S, by the AUantic and Long ial
and aound, and W, by New York, It compre
hends the states of Maine, New Hampshire, Ver«
mont, Massachuaetta, Rhode latand, and Connecti
cut, The face of the country is generally hilly,
and agreeably diversified, "The aoil ia various,
from barren sand'rto tiie richest clays and loams.
It ia generaUy better filled for grazing than for til
lage. The raost important production is grass.
Beef, mutton, pork, butter, and cheese, are abun
dant Indian corn, rye, wheat, barley, and oata,
are extensively cultivated, ' Lon, 64" 54' to 73" 26'
W. Lat. 41° to 48° 12' N, Extent, 65,000 square
milea. Pop, in 1810, 1,271,974,
Newenham, Cape, point on the N. W. coast of
America, Lon. 197° Sff E, Lat. 58° 42' N.
Newent, t. Eng, in Gloucester co, 8 m, N, W.
Gloucester, 112 W. by N, London, Lon, 2° 24'
W, Lat. 51° Sff N, Pop, 2,538.
New Fairfield, t, Fairfield co. Ct 7 m. N.
Danbury, 64 S, W, Harti'ord. Pop. 772,
Newfone, I. and cap, Windham co. Vt, ou West
river, 12 m, N, W. Brattieboro', 106 S, Montpe
Uer, Pop, 1,276, It contains a court-house jail,
and a church.
New Feliciana, parish, Louisiana, on the E, bank
of the Mississippi, bounded N. by the state of Mia-
siaaippi, E. by the parish of St, Helena, S. by the
parish of East Baton Rogue, and W, by Point Cou
pee parish, Tlie chief town is St, Francesville.
New Feliciana, parish, FeliciEma co. Louisianai
Here is a post-office.
Newfield, t. York co. Maine, 40 ra. N. W, York,
36 W. N. W. Portland, Pop. 815, It contains 2
churches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap
tists. JVeio Forest, an extensive tract in England, cou n-
ty of Southampton, bounded E. by SouthamptoB
water, and S. by the English channel. It is 20
miles long, 1 5 broad, and contains 92,365 acrea.
Newfound Loke, lake, N, H- 6 milea long from N,
to S, and 2i broad, which comraunicates by New
found river, with tfae Merriraack, at Bridgewater,
Newfoundland, ial, on the E. side of the gulf of
St, Lawrence, aeparated frora tfae coaat of Labra
dor on the north by the straits of Belleisle, be
tween lat, 46° 4.5' and 51° 46' N, and between lon,
52° 31' and 59° 40' W, being 381 railes long, and
about 900 in circumference. The coasta are sub
ject to fogs, attended with almost continual storms
of snow and sleet; the sky being usually overcast.
The counti^ is very unequal, and covered with
hills and mountains, which appear raore lofty in
the interior parts than near the coast. The whole
circuit of the island is full of fine bays and har
bors, I'his island, after varioua disputes, was
ceded to England by the treaty of Utrecht, in
1713- ll owes all its iraportance to the fisheries
which are carried ou upon its shores, and upon
the banks which lie to tbe S. E, of the island. Tlie
Great Bank of Newfoundland, which may prop
erly be deemed a vast mountain under water, is
not less Uian 330 mflea long, and about 75 broad.
The depth of water upon it varies from 15 to 60
fathoms. In 181S, during the war in Spain, the
expori in fish and oil araounted to 1 ,00p,000/, ster
Ung. It has since greatly declined. •
Newfound Mills, p-v. Hanover co, Va,
New Garden, p-t, Chester co. Pa, Pop. 1,038.
.'N'nr Garden, p-v. Robinson co. N. C.

508

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New Garden, t. Columjiiana co. Ohio.
JVew Gencm, p-v, Fayette CO. Pa,
New Georgia, ialands, 12 in number, in the Po
lar sea, discovered in 1819, by Lieut Parry, The
largest ^a MelviUe island, which see.
New Germanlown, p-v, Hunierdon co, N, J,
New Glasgow, p-v, Amherst co. Va, Here is
an acaderay for young ladies.
New Gloucester, p-t, Cumberland co. Msune, 23
m. N, Portland, ,
New Goshen. See Lexington, N, Y,
New Granada, a country in the N. W. corner
of S, America, bounded N, by the Caribbean sea ;
E, by VeheiUela and Guiana ; S. by Peru ; W.
by the Pacific; and N. W, by Guatimala. It ex
tends fronl 3° 30' S. lat to 12° N. lat about 1,000
miles, and fVdra 68° to 81° W, lon. The Andes
come from Peru, Eind pass along the coast of the
Pacific ocean, through the whole extent of the
cqiinfry. At Popayan the range dividea into three
branches': the western ia the proper Andes, and
nins into North America across the ialhmua of
Darien ; the eaatern, called the chain of Vene-
ittela, rUna along the coast of that province, and
terrainates opposite the island of Trinidad; the
middle branch runs north, between the rivers
Magdalena and Cauca, and terminatea at the
junction of thoae two streams. — ^The country east
of the Andea is an immense plain extending to the
river Orinoco, In the low country, the climate is
hot and unhealthy,, bul in the mountaina every
variety ia experienced, according to the elevation.
On the higheat summits you meet with everlast
ing snow, while at Quito and some of the other
principal cities, which are elevated raany thou-
oand feet above the level of the ocean, the tem
perature ,is deUghtful throughout the year.
New Granada is celebrated for the richness and
variety of its productions, in tfae vegetable, min-
era}, and animal kingdoms. Here are found sJl
the fruits of tropical climates ; the raountaina are
rich in gold and silver, emeralds, and platina.
There are also animals of an enormous size. The
condor, a large bird, has been known to fly away
with lambs. The jacuraama is an iraraense ser
pent found in the plains east of the Andes, 1 1 or
12 feet long, and a foot in diameter.
The population was estimated by Humboldt in
1808, at 1,800,000, A very large proportion are
Indians. The principal settlementa are in the
high land on the Andes.
New Grantham, t Cheshire co, N, H, 35 m, N,
W. Concord. Pop. 834,
New Guinea, or Papua, a large isl. iu the East
ern aeas, lying N, of New HoUand, from which it
ia aeparated by Torres' straits, Lat 0° to 8° S,
It is about 1,200 miles long from N, W. to S. E,
but has been -very little explored. It is supposed
by many that it is not a single island, but a greater
number of islands divided by narrow straits. The
inhabitants, as far aa they are known, are wfld
,ind cruel savEigea.
New Hagerstown, p-t, Tuscarawas co, Ohio,
Newhall, t, Eng, in Cheahire, 5 m, S, W. Nant
wich, Pop, 859,
New Hampshire, one of the U, S, bounded N,
by Lower CauEida ; E, by Maine ; S, E, by the
Atlantic ; S, by Massachusetts; and W, by Ver
mont, It lies between 42° 41' and 45° 1 1' N, lat,
and between 70° 40' and 72° 48' W, lon. It is 160
miles long from N, to S,, 90 in ita greatest breadth,
and containa 9,491 sq. railes, or 6,074,240 acres.
The State is divided into 6 counties, and 212

towns. Pop, in 1790, 141,885 j in 1800, 183,858}
in 1810, 214,460; and in 1820, 244,161, The
great raass of the population ia in the aouthern
half of the state. North of Winnipiseogee lake
there are very few inhabitants, except ou Con
necticut river.
The whole extent of sea-coast ia only 18 mfles.
The ahore is generally a sandyjbeach, and bordering -
upon it are aalt raarahes. For 20 or 30 miles from
the coaat, the country is either level or variegat
ed with small hilla and vaUiea, Beyond thia, the :
hilla increase in aize, and in many parts of the
State swell into lofty mountains, particularly, in
the north, aud along the height of land between
the Merriraack and the Connecticut Thehighin
eat aummits between the Merrimack and the Caa- A
necticut are Grand MouEidnock, near the S,W.
corner of the State, which is 3,254 feet above the
level of the aea; Sunapee raountain, near Suna^
pee lake ; and Mooaehillock, still further north,
the height of which ia eatimated at 4,636 feet
But the White Mountains are Uie moat celebrated
iu the State, the higheat peak being more than
6,000 feet, 'The raountaina, the lakes, the vallies,
and cataracts of New Harapshire, abound 'with
aublime and beautiful acenery, and have acquired
for the State, tfae titie of "the Switzerknd.of-
Araerica,' ' 'The aoU of New Hampahire ia gen
erally fertile. The intervala on the lai^e rivera
are the richeat, and beat fitted for tillage, bpt the
uptanda are accounted the beat for grazing. The
principal productiona are grasa, wheat, rye. In-- .
dian corn, beef, pork, mutton, butter, and cheese.
The principal Uterary institutions sue Dart
mouth college at HEmover, and Exeter academy.
The Baptists and Congregationalists are the pre
vaiUng reUgioua denoraiuationa. In 1817, the
nuraber of ordained ministers was eatimated at
222, of whom 107 were Baptiats, 100 Congrega
tionaliata, and 15 of other denominationa.
The raanufactures of New Hampahire have in-
creaaed very rapidly within a few years. There
are now raore than SO cotton and woollen manu
factories, raany of them on an extensive scale, A
glass raanufactory hEis been established at Keene,
and there are two iron mEmufactories at Franco
nia, — The principal exports from New Hamp
shire are luraber, pot and peEirl ashes, fish, beef,
live cattle, pork, and flax seed. The nfarket for
the nortfaern part of tfae State, ia Portiand, iu
Maine ; for the south-eastern, Portsmouth and
Newburyport ; for Uie country on the .Merrimack,
Boston ; for the counfry on the Connecticut,
Hartford and Boston, The value of the manu
facturea of this State, in 1810, was |5,225,045,
The value of the export^ in 1820, was $240,800.
New Hampton, p-t Sfrafford co, N.H, on the
Merrimack, 30 ra, N, Concord, Pop, 1,29a
Neio Hanover, co. N, C. Pop, 11,465, Slaves,
6,442. Chief town, Wilmington,
New Hartford, p-t Litchfield co, Ct 20 m, N,
W, Hartford, Pop. 1,507.
New Hartford, p-v. in Whitestown, Oneida co.
N. Y. 2 m. W. Utica. It contains 2 cfaurches,
and about 100 houses,
JV'eio Haven, v. ScoUand, in Edinburgh co, on
tile S. shore ofthe frith of Forth, about a mfle VV,
of Leith, It is much resorted to during the sum
mer for bathing. Pop, about 600,
Newhaven, v. Eng, at the mouth of the river
Ouae, The harbor ia defended by a fort PcT-
755, 9 ra, E, Brighthelmstone, 59 S, London.
Lon. 0" 2' E, Lat, 50° 4ff N.

NEW

NEW

509

Neu) Havtn, p-t Addiaon co, Vt, on Otter
creek. JVeio Haven, co. Ct, bounded N, by Litdhfield
and Hartford counties, E, by Middlesex co, a, by
tiong Island aound, and W, by Fairfield co. Pop,
37,664, Chief town. New Haven,
New Haven, city and seaport, New Haven co,
Ct lies around the head of a harbour, wfaich
seta up 4 miles from Long Island Sound, in 41° 18'
N, lat 72° 6ff W, lon, 76 ra, N. E, New York, 34
S,'S, W, Hartford, 134 S, W, Boston ; 107 S, S, E,
Albany, It ia the capital of the county, and the
aemi-capital of Connecticut,
The city is built on a large plain, encircled on
all sidea, except thoae occupied by the water, by a
fine amphitheafre of hilla and mountaina, several
of which preaent bold and perpendicular fronts,
nearly 4(X) feet in height. The city is divided
into two parts, called the Old and New Town-
chips, The old town is laid ont ina large square,
divided into 9 smaller squares ; each 62 roda on a
side, and separated by sfreeta 4 roda in breadth.
The cenfral square is open, and ia believed to be
one of tfae handsomest iu the United Statea, On
and around it are the public buildinga, which are,
a state-houae, 6 college edificea, aud 3 elegant
churchea, 2 for Congregationalists, and one for
Episcopalians, A Methodist church is also com
menced. Beaides these buildings the town con-
tEuns a jail, Eilmshouae, custom house, 2 banka, 3
inaurance offices, a grammar school, Em academy,
and 6 printing officea, from whicfa are iasued 4
weekly newspapers, a reUgious monthly maga
zine, and the American Journal of Science and
Arts. The housea in New Haven are generally built
of wood, in a neat and commodious, but not an
expensive atyle. Several of those recently erect
ed, however, are elegant and stately edifices of
brick. The principal streets are ornamented
-with frees, and most of the houaes are furnished
with a piece of ground in the rear, sufficientiy
large for a garden and fruit trees, giving to the
city a ruial and pleasant appearance. In the
north corner of tfae town, a burying ground faas
teen laid out on a plan entirely new. The field
is divided into parallelograms, which are subdi
vided into family burying places. The ground ia
planted with trees; the raonuraents are almost
universally of marble, and a considerable number
are obeUsks, An exquisite taste for propriety ia
diacovered in every thing belonging to it ; and the
whole haa a aolemn and impressive appearance.
The harbour is well defended from winds, but is
shallow, Emd gradually filling up witfa mud. This
difliculty has be<»n remedied in part by the con
struction of a wharf nearly a mile in length, ex
tending into the harbour. The depth of water on
the bar, at low water, is about 6 or 7 feet Com
mon tides rise 6 feet, and spring tides 7 or 8,
Packets ply regularly between this place and
New York, and it has comraunication by a line of
steam-boats three timea a week with New York,
and alao with New London and Norwich, The
amount of ahipping in 1816, waa 1 2,439 tons. Pop,
ofthe city in 1810, 6,772; in 1820, 7,147^ and,
including the townahip, 8,326.
Yale college, in thia place, ia one of the oldeat
and most respectable colleges in the United Statea,
It waa founded in 1701, Ita oflicera in 1820, were
a president, 9 professors, including 4 medical pro
fessors, and 6 tutors, "Fhe trustees consist of the
governor of the state, the lieutenant governor, and

six senior aasistants ; together with the president,
and len fellows, being clergyraen. The coUege
library contains about 7,000 volumes, and the atu
denta have Ubrariea amounting to 2,000 more, A
cabinet of minerals was depoaited hereinlSll,
by George Gibbs, Eaq, the original cost of which
ia aEiid to have been 4,000/, aterling. — The college ,
buildings consist of 3 apacioua edificea, each 4 ato
riea high, and containing 32 rooras for atudenta ; a
chapel, containing alao a philosophical chamber ;
a lyceum, containing the library and recitation
rooms ; a laboratory, all of brick ; and a dining hall,
of alone, A new brick building was coraraenced
in 1821, for the accoramodation of students, — A"
medical inatitution ia connected with the college.
It waa establiahed in 1813, and haa 4 professora, a
valuable anatomical muaeum and a medical libra
ry, — The whole number of students in 1820, was
412 ; of wfaom 62 were medical students, 31 resi
dent graduates, and 319 under-graduates. The
whole nuraber educated here, from the establish
ment of the institution to 1820, was 3,478; of
whom there were then living 1,884, a greater
number than from any other college in the U, States.
An Episcopal theological serainary, was estab
lished at New Haven in 1820. It ia under the
auperintendence and control of the General Con
vention ofthe Epiacopal church. It has 2 profes
sors, and, soon after the opening ofthe institution,
tfaere were 18 students. Efforts are making to
rsase funds for tfae purchase of a library, and for
the support of professors and indigent students.
On Mill river, near the northern boundary of
New Haven, but within the limits of Hamden, is
a raanufactory of fire arras, established b'y Mr.
Whitney. The various parts of the process are
performed by very ingenious machinery, invented
by the proprietor, and there is said to be a much
greater uniformity in every part of the, muskets
made in thia manufactory, than can be found in
those made in any other place.
New Haven, t, Oswego co. N. Y. on Mexico
bay, in Lake Ontario.
New Haven, p-t. Huron co. Ohio.
New Holland, an ialsind between the Indian and
Pacific oceans, the largest in the world, and, ac
cording lo some geographers, entitled, from its
great extent, to the appellation of a continent. It
ia 2,600 milea long, from E, to W, between Sandy
cape and the entrance of Shark' a bay; and 2,000
railea broad, between Cape York, on the north,
and Wilaon's promontory, in 39° 10' S, lat The
coasts of thia extenaive country were firat diacov
ered by the Dutch in 1606, and were viaited by
Dampier in 1^8, In 1770, Capt Cook explored
the eastem coast; and by varioua expeditions,
fitted out by the British government, between
1795 and the present time, a coraplete survey has
been made of the wfaole coEist, except 8 or 9 de
grees of I'dt, in tfae N. W. ; the position of every,
point hEis been ascertained ; and every inlet and
bay has been traced to its conclusion, — The coast
is extremely diveraified, and, aeen from the dis-.
tance of aeveral miles, has the appearance, in
some parts, of ranges of small and sterUe islands;
in other parts, the shores are steep and inaccessi
ble, while oil the northern coast they are very flat,
and, to all appearance, sandy and barren. On the
east coast, there is a singular barrier of coral reefs,
,. which, according to captEiin Flinders, extends
along the coast, at the distance of 20 or 30 leagues,
' in a N, W. direction, from about 23° S, lat to
Torre? ,?frait, in lat, 10° S, a distance of 840 miles.

510

NEW'

N E W

Very little is known of the interior of New Hol
land, Several expeditions, however, faave been
sent out, within a few years, frora the British col
ony of New South Wales, on the eastern coast ;
particularly two, in 1817 aud 1818, under Lieut,
Oxley, who traced two large rivers for several
hundred miles lowarda the interior. From the
reault of theae expeditions, and frora the fact that
no river of any raagnitude diacharges its waters
into the ocesm, on any part of the coast, it appeara
highly probable that the aurface of tfais vast coun
try resembles that of a shallow basin, whose mar
gin is the sea coast, frpm which the waters, de
scending towards the interior, form a succesaion
of awarapa and morasaea, or perhapa a vast raedi-
terranean sea. See New South Wales.
New Halland, p-t, in Lancsister co. Pa, 12 ra, E,
N, E, Lancaater, 54 N, W, PhUadelphia,
JVe«i Hope, p-t. Wayne co, N, C,
New Hope, p-v. Spartanburg diatrict, S. C.
New Iberia, p-t. Altakapas diatrict, LouisiauEi,
on the Teche, 9 m. by land, below St. Martins
ville, 30 by water.
Newichawannock. See Piscataqua river.
Newiges, a large village of Pruaaian Weatpha
lia, iu the duchy of Berg, Emd lordship of Hsirden-
berg. ffewinglon, t. Rockingham co, N, H, on the E,
side of Great Bay, and on the PiacalEiqua river, 5
m, N, W, Portsmouth, Pop, 508,
Newington, or Newingtan Butts, parish, Eng,
in Surry, forming one of the suburbs of London,
Pop, 23,853,
Newingtan Greeri, v. Eng, 2 ra, frora London,
New-Inlet, a channel between two small islands
on the coast of N, J, Lon. 74° 16' W. Lat 39°
SffN. New-Inlet, channel of the Atlantic between
Cape Fear island and the coast of N, Carolina,
Lon. 78° 5' W, Lat 33° 66' N,
New Ipswich, p-t. HiUsborough co, N, H. 18 m,
S, W, Araherat, 44 frora Concord, 62 N. Boaton,
Fop, 1,395, It ia watered by Contoocook river.
It contains two churcfaes, an acaderay, and vari
oua railla.
New Jersey one of the U, Statea, bounded N, by
New- York; E, by the Atlantic and by Hudaon
river, which separates it from New- York ; S. by
Delaware bay, and W, by Delaware river, which
separatea it frora Pennsylvania, It extenda frora
lon. 74° to 75" 29' W. and from lat, 39° to 41° 24' N,
Itia 160 milea long frora N, to S, and containa
8,320 aquare railea, or 5,324,000 acres. Pop. in
1790, 184,139; in 1800, 211,149, and in 1810,
245,562, of whom 10,851 were slaves,, and 7,843
were free blacks. The nuraberof railitia in 1810,
was '83,710, and in 1821, 35,241,
The Slate was divided, in 1810, into 13 coun
ties and 116 towna. The three northem counties
are raountainous ; the next four are agreeably di
versified with hiUs and vallies. The six soiithern
counties, including all the coast from Sandy Hook
to Cape May, are level and principally barrren,
producing little else but shrub-oaka and yellow
pines. The raountainoua and hilly parts of the
State have generally a strong soil, and form a fine
grazing country, 'The farmers there raise great
numbera of cattle for the markets of New- York
and Philadelphia. They also raise wheat, rye,
maize, buckwheat, potatoes, &c. Near New- York
and Philadelphia, great attention has been paid to
the cultivation of fruit and vegetables ; and the
finest apples, pears, peachea, plum'a, cherriea, and
melons, are carried to these markets. Fine or

chards aboiind in all the northern half of the State,
and the cider of New-Jersey, particularly that of
Newark, ia of proverbial excellence.
The raost iraportant raineral production is iron,
which is found in immense quantitiea among the
mountains in Ihe northern part of the State, In
the county of Morria, there are 7 rich iron mines,
2 fumacea, 2 rolUng and sUtting miUs, and about
30 forges. Great quantitiea of bog iron pre are
alao found in the southern counties, and the annual
produce in the whole State' ia estimated at 2,500
tona, exclusive of hollow ware and various other
castings, of which vast quantities are made,.
Besides the manufacture of iron, there ari»,
particularly in Trenton, Newarl^ Erad EUiabeth-
town, many valuable tanneries, where a large
quantity of excellent leather ia made. Shoes are
made in great numbera at Newark, The estima
ted value of raanufactures in 1810, was J7,0S4j594,
Alraoat all the foreign goods consuraed in this State
are imported at New-York and Philadelphia, and
the produce of the State ia principaUy cEirried to
tfaose citiea for exportation. Hence, the exports
frora thia State in 1820, amounted only to $20,531,
and the revenue in 1815, to$I3,612, Theamonnt
of ahipping in 1816, was 33,211 tona.
The Presbyterians are the most numerous reli
gious denomination. The number of their church
es in 1818, was 74 ; of Dutch Reformed 31 ; of
Baptists, 30 ; of EpiscopaUans, 24 ; of Congrega-
tioniUista, 9. At the aame time the Friends had
44 meeting houses, and the Methodista were nu
merous. There is a coUege at Princeton, aud a
Theological Seminary, under the direction of the
General Asaembly of the Presbyterian church.
Tfaere ia also a Theological Institution at New
Brunswick, under the direction of fheGeneralSy-
nod ofthe Reformed Dutch Churches.
The Legislature is composed of a legiplativf
council and house of Eissembly. The council is
chosen annually, and consists of 13 membera, each
county choosing one. The assembly consistsof 35
membera, and is chosen annuEdly. The executive
is composed of a governor, chosen l>y a joint ballot
of the legislature ; a vice-president, chosen by the
council, and a privy council, consisting of three
membera of the legislative council. The annual
elections are in October, Trenton ia the aeat of
government Il has long been in contemplation to open a
navigable communication between Philadelphia
and New- York, by raeans of a canal from New-
Brunswick on the REiritan, to Trenton on the
Delaware. A corapany was incorporated in New
Jersey many years ago for tfais purpose, and a sur
vey ot the intended route was made, from which
the practicability of a canEd for sea vessels was
ascertained. The expense ia estimated at $800,000,
New Keith, v. Scotiand, in Banffshire, Pop,
1,000, New Kent, co. Va. onthe S, sideof Pamunky and
York rivers. Pop. 6,478, including 3,725 slaves.
Chief town, Cumberland, At the court-house is
a post-oflice. New Lancaster, p-t, and cap, Fairfield co.Ohip,
on the N! side ofthe Hockhocking, which ia here
an inconsiderable stream. 36 ra, S, W. ZanesviUe)
34 N, E. ChiUicothe, It contains a bank, a print
ing office, at wfaich a newspaper is published, an
elegant court-house, and about 75 dweUing hou
ses. Coal ia found in the vicinity. About a mile
N, ofthe town is a rock of sand stone, which rises
abruptly 400 or 500 feet, and afforda a deliglitfttl
prospect.

NEW

NEW

511

New Lebanon, p-v. in Canaan, Columbia co.
N, Y, on the turnpike between Pittafield, (Meiss,)
and Albany, 6 railes from the former and 24 from
the latter. Here is a warm spring of conaiderable
dfelebrity. The water, however, ia perfectiy
taateless and inodoroua, is used for culinary purpo
ses, and differs very little from pure raountain wa
ter, except in the teraperature, which ia 73° of
Fahrenheit, It ia found very useful in aalt rheuras,
and varioua other cutaneoua affectiona. In thia
place ia a village of Shakera, They are said to
posaess nearly 3,000 acres of land. The utraost
neatness is conspicuous in their houses, fields, gEir-
dens, court-yards, and eveiy thing belonging to
their ejtabliahment The property is all in com
mon. The acenery of New-Lebanon is remarka
bly beautiful.
JVei« Lebanon, p-t. Camden co. N. C- on the
Pasquotank, 14 m. above Elizabeth city.
JVeio Lexington, p-t Preble co. Ohio, 6 m. E.
Eaton. JVeio Lexington, t Jefferaon co. Indiana, 17 m.
W. Madison, It contains at preaent about 40
houaes. A newspaper is published faere. Salt is
manufactured at this place, and the ground has
been penetrated to the depth of more than 700 feet
iu quest of salt-water.
New Lexington, t Richland co. Ohio, on Mo
hiccan creek, 10 m. frora Belville.
New Lexington, t Knox co. Ohio, 13 m. E,
Mount Vernon.
Newlondside, t Eng. in Durham, IJ ra. S. W.
Stanhope. Pop. 693-°
Newlin, t ChesCPto. Pa. Pop. 780.
New-Lisbon, p-t Otsego co. N, Y. 10 m. S. W.
Cooperstown, 76 W, Albany. Pop. 1,982.
New-Lisbon, p-t, and cap.ColurabiEraa co. Ohio,
on a branch of the Little Beaver, 14 m. fr. Ohio
river, 36 S. Warren, 56 N, W, Pittaburg, 160 N,
E, Columbua. It contains an elegant court-house
and jafl, a bank, a printing-office, a public libra
ry, an academy, and 3 churches. In the vicinty
are a furnace, several saw-mills, a paper-mill, 2
woollen factories, a fulling-mill, carding raachine,
and El glass factbry.
New-London, p-t, Hillsborough co. N. H. 30 m.
N. W. Concord. Pop. 692,
New^London, co, Ct. bounded N. by Windham
and Tolland counties, E. by Rhode-Island, S, by
Long-Island sound, and W, by Middlesex co. Pop,
34,707. New-London, city, port of entry, and half shire
town, in New-London co. Ct, ia on the W, bank
ofthe ThEunea, 3 miles frora its mouUi, 14 in. S.
Norwich, 42 S. E. Hartford, 53 E, New-Haven,
59 S. W. Providence, 60 W, Newport, Lon, 72°
12' W, Lat41°2ffN, Pop, in 1810, 3,238, It
contains a court-house, 2 banka, a marine insur
ance oflice, 2 newspaper establishraents, and 5
houses of public worship. The inhabitanta own
conaiderable shipping, employed in the coasting
trade, the trade with the West-India islands, and
the fisheries. The araount of ahipping in New-
London diatrict, in 1816, v/as 14,686 tona.
The harbor is the best in the .^tate, having 6
fathoms water, and being safe, spacious, iiccessi-
ble at sill aeEiaona of the year, and at all times of
tide, and unobatructed by ice ; but it is eaaily
blockaded, aa waa proved during the late war. It
is defended by Fort Trumbull and Fort Griawold,
the first on the New-London, the other on the
Groton aide of the river. On the W, side of the
entrance to the harbor is a light-bouse, on a poipt

of land which pi ojecta conaiderably into the aound,
A steam-boat Une connects this city with New-
York, and is continued up the river to Norwich,
The boats arrive and depart thr^ tiraes a week,
New-London, p-t Campbell co, 'Va,
New-London, p-t, and cap, Madison co, Ohicj,
18 ra, E. Springfield, 26 W, by S, Columbus,
New- Longeuil, seigniory, York co. Lower Can
ada, on the N. sideof the St, Lawrence, 38 m. W.
Montreal. New-Madrid, co. Miaaouri.
New-Madrid, p-t, and cap. New-Madrid eo.
Missouri, on the river Mississippi, 70 m. below the
mouth of the Ohio. It is situated in a fertile coun
try, and is laid out for a large city, but owing to
the unheEdthiness ofthe country around, its growth
has been amall.
JVei* Mark, waa the name of that part of the
margraviate of Brandenburg E. of the Oder, con
taining 4,370 aquare miles, with 310,000 inhab
itanta. In 1816, on the new arrangement of
the Prussian states, the chief psu't of it waa in
cluded in the govemraent of Frankfort on the
Oder, and a araaller part annexed to that of Coes-
lin in Pomerania.
Newmarket, t Eng, long celebrated for its horae
races. The race-ground, on whose attractions
the town chiefly depends for its support, 'was form
ed out of an extensive heath, and is one ofthe fin
est courses in the kingdora. 14 m. E, Cambridge,
61 N, London, Lon.0°24'E. Lat 62° IS'JST. Pop,
1,917. New Market, p-t Rockingham co. N. H. 12 ra-.
W. Portsraouth, 38 S. E.Concord. Pop. 1,061.
At the junction of Laraprey river with Great bay
is a conaiderable village ; and another, at a place
called Newfielda, containing about 20 houses.
Newmarket, p-t. Dorcheater co. Md.
Newmarket, p-v. Spotsylvania co, Va,
New Market, p-t. Highland co, Ohio, 6 ra, W.
Hillaborough, ^New Marlborough, p-t, Berkshire co, Mass. 23
m, S, S, E. Lenox, Pop, 1,832,
New Milford, p-t, Litchfield co, Ct, on the Hous
atonnuc, 48 ra, S, W. Hartford, Pop, 3,537. It
contains 6 housea for public worship, 2 for Con
gregationaliats, 2 for Episcopalians, 1 for Baptists,
and I for Quakers, Here are valuable quarries
of marble, several forges for the manufacture of
iron, and a variety of other raanufactures.
New Milford, p-v, Suaquehannah co. Pa,
New Milh, v. Burlington co. N, H,
Newmilns, t, Scotland, irt Ayrahire, It is a
burgh of barony, which received ita charter d'
erection frora I$ng Jaraes IV. Pop, 1,000.
Newnham, t. Eng, in Gloucester co, on the Se
vern, 13ra.S, W, Glouceater, Lon, 2" 27' W. Lat.
51° 47' N. Pop, 952,
Newnstown, t. Dauphin co. Pa. 14 m. N. E, Har
risburg, New Orleans, city and port of entry, in Orleans
pariah, Louisiana, and capital of the Stale, is on
the left bank.of the Missiaaippi, 105 mflea from its
mouth, by the course of the river, and about 90
in a direct Une. Lon. 90° ff W. Lat, 29° 57' N.
Pop, in 1802, eatimated at 10 or 11,000 ; in 1810,
according to tfae censua, it was 17,242, of whom
5,961 were slaves ; in 1818, it was estiraated ai
36,000, and waa very rapidly increasing. ' An in
teUigent gentleman on the apot ventures to pre
dict that in 10 years it wiU be 100,000,
The city ia regularly laid out ; the streets are
generally 40 feet wide, and cfoss each other at

512

N 15 W

right angles. On the ptreets near the river the
houaes are principally of brick, but in the back
part of the town, of wood. The buildings have no
cellara, except ihe vacancy formed between tfae
the ground and the lower floors ; which are rais
ed 5 or 6 feet frora the earth. The tornadoes to
which tfae country is subject, will not adrait of Ifae
buildings being carried up many stories, as in oth
er cities. Most of the houses in the suburbs have
beautiful gardens, ornamented with orange grovea.
Among the public buildings are an arsenal, a
custom house, a hoapital, a catholic college, a fe
male orphan aaylum, two theatrea, 5 banka, and
several churches for Catholics, Presbyterians, and
Episcopalians, There are 5 newspapers publish
ed in the city, 3 of which are in English, and the
other 2 in both French and EngUsh,
New-Orleans is admirably aituated for trade,
near the mouth of a noble river, whose branches
extend for thousands of miles in different direc
tions, and open communications with the varioua
parta of the most extensive and fertile vaUey on
the face of the earth. The river in front of the
city is crowded with boats from a thousand differ
ent places in the " upper country ;" frora Ken-
tucfy, Tenneaaee, and JVIissouri ; from Ohio, and
even from Pennsylvania and New- York, In the
year ending Oct, 1st, 1817, 1,500 flat-bottomed
boats, and 500 barges came down the Missiaaippi to
thiaplace loaded with produce. During thp aame
period, tfae number of arrivala and clearancea at
the port was 1,030 ; and the value of the exporta
$13,501,036, nearly two thirds as much as that of
the whole United States in 1791, The amount of
shipping belonging to the port in 1816, was 13,299
tons. In 1819, there were 50 steam-boats on the
western watera connected with the coramerce of
thia city, meaauring together 7,306 lons. At the
some tirae there were 13 new boats on the atocka,
yhe following table preaents a view ofthe princi
pal articles of domestic produce which arrived at
New-Orleans during tile years ending Oct lat,
1816, 1816, and 1817 :

Productions.

1815,

1816,

1817,

Bacon and Hams, cwt.

7,000

13,000

18,000

Beef, bbla.

6,000

4,000

4,000

Cotton, bales.

60,000

65,000

65,000

Corn, bushels,

120,000

130,000

140,000

Flour, bbla.

75,000 98,000

190,000

Lead, cwt.

4,000

6,500

7,000

Molasses, gallons,

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

Sugar, hhds.

6,000

7,300

28,000

Tafiia, gaUons,

160,000

300,000

400,000

Tobacco, hhds.

6,000

7,300

28,000

Wheat, bushels,

95,000

Whiskey, gallons.

150,000

230,000

250,000

The island of Orleana is forraed by the river Mis
sissippi on one side, and the lakea Ponchartrain and
Maurepaa, together ivilh an outlet of the river
Miaaissippi, called tfae Iberville, on the other. It
is about 160 miles long, and from 3 to 60 broad,
'.rhere is a levee or artificial mound erected along
the aide towarda the Miasissippi, to prevent inun
dation. — In December 1814, the British made au
attack on New-Orleana, but were repulaed by the
Americans under General Jackaon, with the loss
of about 3,000 men, killed, wounded and prison
ers. The lo-«9 of the American army is ^tated at
only 7 men killed, and 6 wounded.
New Paltz, p-t, Ulster fco. N. Y. on the Hud-.
aon, 15 m, S. Kingaton, 80 S. Albany, 85 N. New-
York, Pop. 3,999.
ifew Fhiladdphia, p-v. Harden co. Ken,

NEW
New Philadelphia, p-t, and cap. Tuscarawas co.
Ohio, on the E. branch of the Muskingum, 50 m.
N. E. Zanesville, 100 fr. Columbus. It is on a lai^e
and beautiful plsiin, and contains the county build
ings, and about 50 dwelling housea.
Newport, t, Eng, in the Iale of Wight, oif which
it raay be regarded as the metropoUa. It atands
nearly in the centre of tfae ialand, and on the banks
of tfae navigable river Medina, It aenda two mem
bera to parUament, 4 m, S, Cowes, 97 S. W
London, Lon. 1° 17' W, Lat, 50" 42/ N, Pop, ,
3,855, Newport, t Eng, in Monmouth co, about 4 m,
frora the raouth of the river Usk, Il exports goals
and eaat bar iron from the different foundriea and
forges in the western mountains, 8 m. S, Ponty
pool, 147 W. London, Lon. 2" 57' W. Lat 51° 35'
N. Pop. 2,346.
Newport, t. Eng. in Shropahire, 20 m, E, Shrews
bury, 140 W. by N. London. Lon. 2° 22' W. Lat
52°4ffN, Pop. 2,114.
Newport, a-p. Walea, in Pembroke co. near the
entrance of the river Nevenj, which falls into
Newport bay. 12 m. S. W. Cardigan, 243 W.
London. Lon. 4° 4ff W. Lat 52° 1' K. Pop,
1,433, Newport. See Nieuport.
Newport, borough, Eng, in Cornwall, which
aends two membera to parUaraent 3 m, from
Launceston, Newport, t Bucldngbara co. Lower Canada, 86
m. S, E, Three Rivera, Pop, 160,
Newport, p-t, Penobscot co. Maine, 25 m. W.
Bangor. Newport, p-t. Cheahire co. N. H. 8 m. IV Con
necticut river, 42 N. W. Concord. Pop. 1,427:
It contains 2 churches, 1 for Baptists, and 1 for
Congregationalists. Newport, co, in the S. E. part of R, I, compri
sing the towna of Newport, Jamestown, Little
Compton, Middletown, New Shoreham, Ports
mouth, and Tiverton, Pop, 16,294.
Newport, p-t and cap, Newport co. R, Island,
and semi-metropolis of the State, atands on tbe S,
W, side of Rhode-Island, 5 miles from the sea, 14
S, Bristol, 30 S, by E. .Providence, 72 S, S. W,
Boston, Lon, 71° 17' W. Lat4r29'N. Pop,
7,907, The harbor, which is one of the finest in
the world, spreads westward before the town. It
is of a aemicircular form, of safe and easy access,
sufficientiy capacious to contain a large fleet, and
deep enough for vessels of the lai'gest burden. It
is defended by Fort Wolcott, erected on Goat
ial'dud, and two other forts, called Fort Adams and
Fort Green. On Go.at island there is a military
hoapital belonging to the U. S. .
"The aite of the town is a beautiful declirify,
which risea grEiduaUy from the harbor, presenting
a fine view as you approach it from the water-
The beauty of its situation, and the salubrity of
its climate, have made it a place of fashionable re
sort from the southern and middle States during
the suraraer raonths. Newport contains a slate-
house, a market-house, a theatre, an alms-house, a
public library, 5 banta, 2 insurance companies,
and 11 houaes of public worship, 4 for Baptists, 2
for Congregationalists, 1 for Episcopalians, 1 for
Friends, 1 for Moravians, 1 for Methodists, and 1
for Jews.
Newport was formerly raore flourishing than it
is at present. Previously to the .American revo
lution it was the fourth comraercial town in the
British coloniea, and contained at one periodmore

NEW

NEW

5K

than 9,000 inhabitants. During the revolutionary
contest it waa for a long time occupied by the en
emy, and suffered severely. At present it main
tains aorae tirade with the E, Indies, Europe and
Cuba, but the moat important branch of its cora
merce is the coasting trade with the middle and
aouthern States, In 1819, the amount of ahipping
ownedliere was 10,951 tona. The fiaheries are
very valuable. There ia probably no fish market
in the world which affords a greater variety. The
manufacturing establiahmenta are 5 rope walka, 7
rum distilleries, 1 gin distillery, 4 tanneries, 5
grain mills, and 1 duck factory,
Newport, p-t, Herkimer co, N. Y, 13 m, from
Utica, 20 N, Herkimer, 95 N, W. Albany, Pop,
1,605, Newport, p-t Cumberland co. New Jersey,
Newport, p-t, Luzerne co, Pennsylvania, Pop,
566, Newport, t Indiana co. Pennsylvania,
Newport, p-t, NewcasUe co. Delaware.
Newport, p-t. Charles co. Maryland.
Newport, r. Liberty co, Geo. which communi
cates -with the sea by two raouths, between which
lies St, Catherine's island, ll ia navigable for
sloopa to Riceborough,
Newport, p-t Emd cap, Cocke co. East-Tennea-
see, . Newport, t Waahington co, Ohio, on Ohio river,
11 m.E. Marietta.
./Veuyori, p-t and cap. Licking co. Ken, on the
Ohio, immediately above the mouth of Licking
river, and oppoaite Cincinnati, It is situated on
an elevated fertile plain. The public buildinga
are' a court-houae and jail, a market-house, an
acaderay, incorporated and endowed by the Le
gislature with 6,000 acres of tand ; and a United
States' araeual, with barracks for 2 or 3 regi
ments of soldiers, inclosed by a stockade.
Newpartage, t Portage co, Ohio, 20 m. S, W,
Ravenna. New Portland, p-t. Somerset co. Maine.
Newport Pagnell, t. Eng. in Buckingham co, on
the Ouse, IS m, S. E. Northampton, 51 N. W,
London, Lon, 0° 42' W, Lat, 52° ff N, Pop.
2,515. Newport-Pratt, t Ireland, in Mayo co. 8 m, W,
Castlebar, Lon. 9° 21' W. L-at 53° 5ff N,
New Providence, p-t Essex co. N. J.
JVeio Richmond, t. Clermont co, Ohio, on Ohio
eiver, 15 m. S. W, Wflliamsburg, Pop, in 1815,
230, New Richmond, t Ross co, OIUo, 14 ra., S, E,
ChilUcothe. New River. See Kenhawa.
New River, r, Jt C. which runs into New river
jidet, 45 m. W. S. W. Cape Lookout, in lon, 77°
Sff W, lat 34° 27' N,
New River, r. Beaufort district, S, C, which
¦3oraraunicales with Savannah sound, W, of Daw-
fuskey island.
New RoeheUe, p-t. Westchester co. N.Y. on East
river, 20 m. from New York, 6 S. Whiteplains.
Pop, 996,
New Rumky, t. Harriaon co. Ohio, 11 m. N.
Cadiz, Newry, s-p. Ireland, in Down co. on the Newry
water, which fsdla into Carlingford bay. It was
formerly a pass and railitary post of considerable
importance. It was ruined in the great rebellion
of 1641, in which its inhabitants suffered incredi
ble hardshipa. After the restoration, il waa re
built, and betgan to make some figure ; but in Sep- 6.5

tember 1689, it waa again reduced to ashes by the
duke of Berwick, In consequence of the suc
ceeding settlement of Ireland, the place revived.
Its increase has been chiefly owing lo its canal,
by which a comraunication has been formed be
tween Lough Neagh and the bay of Carlingford,
by raeans of whicli, vesaels of 60 or 60 tons are
enabled to pasa through the heart of Ulater. The
linen raanufacture waa carried on very extensive
ly, and large quantitiea of linen were exported,
but this trade has been of late much injured.
There ia a very conaiderable export of butter,
beef, pork, and grain. There are alao some ex
tenaive manufactories, 60i ra, N, Dublin, 30 S.
S. W. Belfast, Lon, 6° Iff W. Lat. 54° 10' N.
Pop. 15,000,
Newrii, t Oxford co. Maine, 24 ra, N. W. Paris.
Pop, 202,
New Salem, p-t. Franklin co, Masa, 16 m, E,
Greenfield, Pop, 2,107,
New Solem,v-v. New London co. Ct
New Sakmfp-v. Ontario co. N. Y.
New Salem, p-t Jefferson co, Ohio, 14 m, W.
SteubenviUe. Pop, in 1 8 1 5, 500,
New Sharon, p-l, Kennebec co, Maine,
Newshdf, shoal, on the N. Wj coast of Riou's
island, in the Pacific, Lon, 22Q: 47' E, Lat, 8°
Sff S,
New Shoreham, R, I. See Block Island.
New South Wales, a British colony on the eaat
coast of New Holland, of indefinite extent. All
the settlements yet raade, are on a narrow belt of
land between the coast and a lofty range of hilla,
known to the colonials by the narae of tfae Blue
mountains. The naraes ofthe towna are Sydney,
(the capital,) Paramatta, Windsor, Newcastle,
and Liverpool. Sydney is in lat 32° 53' S. and
all tfae rest are within 60 mfles of Sydney, — The
climate of this country is healthy and pleasant.
The graina in cultivation are wheat, maize, bau:-
ley, oats, and rye ; the firat two thrive beat, and
are most in use. Peaches, apricots, cherries, or
anges, lemons, and varioua other fruita are raised
in great perfection,
¦The colonists are principally convicts, banished
frora" G reat Britain for their crimes ; but within a
few years, voluntary eraigranta of induatrious
habits, have resorted hither in considerable num
bers : the state of society has, in conaequence,
undergone a material change for the better ; aud
property of all kinds has iraproved in value and
aecurity. The population, stock, and produce
have increased with astonishing rapidity. The
colony was planted in 1788, In 18(X), the number
of horaea was* 163; of homed cattle, 1,024; of
sheep, 6,124, In 1813, tfae number of faorses was
1,891 ; of homed cattle 21,513; of sheep, 65,121,
The following are the returns for 1817, and 1818 :
clear'd gro'd
47,56* 49,600 2,036

No, of
souls, 20,379 25,050

Hor ses,
3,072 3,675

Horn'd cattie,44,76366,450 10,697

1 Sheep,

Hogs. 17,842
24,822 6,980

170,920
201,240 30,320

4,671

603

1817,1818,
Inc. 3
in 1 \
yr. )
No attempts were made to cross the Blue Ridge,
for tfae purpose of exploring the interior of this
country, until the year 1813. Since that time,
aeveral expeditiona have been undertaken, par
ticularly two under lieut, Oxley, in 1817 and
1818, who explored the country for several hun
dred miles from fhe eoast. He ascertained that

514

NEW

NEW

leveral large rivers riae on the west aide of the
Blue mountains, and fraced their course for many
hundred mfles into the interior. They appear to
terminate, however, in immense swamps or iulErad
lakes ; and from all that was discovered, it seems
probable that the country will not admit of aettle
ment beyond 200 milea from the coast.
New Store, p-v. Buckinghara co, Va,
New Switzerland, t, Switzerland co, Indiana,
on Ohio river, settled by Swias emigrants. They
cultivate the vine, and in 1810, 2,400 gallons of
wine were made from 80 aorta of vineyard.
New Smyma, t, Florida, on Mosquito river, 10
m, above its mouth, 70 m, S, St, Augustine, It
wEia originally aettled by a colony of about 1,600
Greeka and Miuorcans,
Newton, t. Wales, in Montgdmery co, on the
Severn, 7 m, 8, W. Montgomery, 175 W, by N,
London, Lon, 3° Iff W. Lat 52° Sff N, Pop.
2,026.' , Newton, t Eng, inLancashire, 2m. N. E. Man
chester. Pop. 1,784.
Newton, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 6 m. N. E. Stock
port. Pop. 1,445.
Newton Bushel, t. Eng, in Devonahire, 14 m, S,
Exeter, 187 S, W, London, Pop, 856,
Newton, borough, Eng. in the Iale of Wight, 6
m. W. N. W. Newport, 92 S. W. London. The
harbor ia safe, and admits veaaela of 600 tona bur
den. ^
Newton, t York co. Lower Canada, 40 ra. W.
Monfreal. Newton, p-t Middleaex co. Masa. on Charles
river, opposite Needham, 9 m. W. Boston. Pop;
1,709. At the falls of the river here, are severEd
paper-milla, iron manufactories, and snuff milia.
Newton, p-t. Harrison co. Ken.
. Newton, t. TrumbuU co. Ohio, 8 ra. S, W, War
ren. Newton, t. Muskingura co, Ohio, 6 ra, S, W,
ZanesviUe, Newton-Limevoddy, t Ireland, 14 ra, S, E, Lon
donderry. Newton in the Willows, borough, Eng. in Lan-
casshire, 193 N. W. London. Pop.1,689.
Newton-Stewort, t. Scotland, in Wigton co, on
the Cree, 17 ra, W. by S. New Galloway. Pop.
1,200. Newton-Stewort, t. Ireland, in Tyrone co. on the
river Foyle, 94i ra. fr. Dublin castle.
Newtovm, t Rockinghaun co, N, H, 10 ra. S. Ex
eter, 10 N. W. Newburyport, 26 S, W, Porta
mouth. Pop, 454,
Newtown, p-t, Fairfield co, Ct, on the Housa
tonnuc, S!6 m. N, W, New Haven, 48 S, W, Hart
ford, Pop, 2,834,
Newtown, t Queens co. on Long island, N, Y.
bordering on East river, 8 m. E. New York, Pop,
2,437, The vfllage ef Newtown is pleasantiy
situated, and has 3 churchea. The celebrated
Apple, called the Newtown pippin, takea ita name
frora thia place,
Newtawri, t Glouceater co, N, J, Pc^), 1,951,
Newtown, p»t, Suaaex co, N, J, Pop. 2,082.
Newloium,^-t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop, 902.
^ewtown, p-t. Frederick co. Md.
Nfutaum, p-t King-and-Queena co, Va.
Newtovm, p-t. Frederick co. Va.
Newtown, p-t Harailton co. Ohio, 2 m, from Lit
tle Miami, 6 above its mouth, 20 fr, WflUamsburg.
Newtawr),, p-t Licking co. Ohio.
Newtown Ardres, t freland, io Down co. 9 m.
E. Belfast

Newtovm Barry, or Bunclody, t. Ireland, in
Wexford co. 10 m. N. W. Enniscorthy,
Newtown Belkw, v, Ireland, in Galway oo, 87|
m fr, Dublin,
New Trenton, p-t, FrankUn co, Indiana.
New Vernon, p-v. Morria co. N. J.
NewvUk, p-v. Cumberland co. Pa.
Newty, Fort, Hind, on the W. coast of Concan,
in possession of the Britiah. Lon. 73° 4ff E. Lat,
15° 56' N.
New Washington, p-v, ClEU-k co. Indiana,
New Windsor, p-t Orange co. N. Y, on the
Hudaon, 5 ra. below Newburgh, 65 N.New York,
Pop, 2,331.
New Windsor, p-v. Frederick co. Md.
New Wark Island, araall isl. near the N. E. coast
of Newfoundland. Lou. 64° Sff W. Lat 49*
65' N.
New Year's Islands, a group of small islands in^
the PEicific ocean, on the N. coast of Staten Land.
Lon. 64° 2ff W, Lat 54° 41' S.
New Year's Isk, isl, on the N, coastof New Hol
land, Lon. 133° 4'E, Lat 10° 55' S,
New York, one of the U, S, bounded N, by Low
er Canada ; E. by Vermont, Massachusetts, aud
Connecticut ; S, by New Jersey and Pennsylva
nia ; and W, Emd N, W, by Upper Canada, from
which it is separated by lake Erie, Niagara river,
lake Ontario, Emd the river St Lawrence, It ex
tends from lat 40° 35' to 46° N, and from lon, 73"
to 79° 65' W, Length, on the paraUel of 42°, 340
miles. Extent, 46,000 sq. rafles, or 29,494,720
acres. Pop, in 1756, 110,317; in 1786, 238,897;
in 1790, 340,120; in 1800, 586,050;. in 1810.
969,049; of whora 918,690 were whitea, 15,017
alavea, and 26,333 free blacks ; in 1820, 1,379,989.
Militia in 1821, 121,663.
The south-eastern angle of the State ia moun
tainous, being traversed by aeveral ridgea from
New Jersey, one of which crosses the Hudson at
the higlflands. Tfae country ou lake Champlain
is hilly, Emd becoraea raountainoua as you approach
the highlands which divide the waters of thia lake
from those of the St Lawrence. West of these
highlands, a fine country, at first hiUy, then level
and fertile, extends to the St La-wrence, and lake
Ontario. The western part of the State is prin
cipally level, except near the PennsylvEmia boun
dary, where it becomes hilly and mountainous.
From Genesee river, near its raouth, to LewisJ
ton, on tfae Niagara river, there is a remarkable
ridge, running Edmost tiie whole distEmce, which
is 78 miles, and in a direction from eiiat to west
Its general altitude above the neighboring land is
SO feet, audits width varies considerably; inaome
placea it is not more than 40 yards. Its elevation
above the level of lake Ontario is, perhaps, 160
feet, to whicfa it descends by a gradual alope, and
itadistance from that water ia between 6 and 10
railea. There ia every reason to believe that this
remarkable ridge was once the margin of this
great lake. About 20 milea S. of thia ridgo, and
parallel with it, there is another which runs from
Geneaee river to Black Rock. The country he-.
tween the ridges ia called the Tonnewanta valley,
and there ia aome reason to believe that it was
once covered by the waters of lake Erie.
The eastern half of Long-Island i is aandy and
barren ; tho western part is fertfle, and in a liigh
stateof cultivation. The counfry on the Hudson
below the raouth of the Mohawk, haa a good medi
um soil : the countiea of Westchester and Dutchess
are under very good cultivation. TheaUuvial flats

NEW
of Columbia and some part of Rensselaer counties,
are very extenaive and rich. A considerable dis
frict west of Albany conaiats of aandy plains, inter
spersed with marshes. The alluvial flats on the
Mohawk are extensive and very fertile. The aoil
of the vEiat elevated plain of the weatern region,
occupied by the small lakes, is a rich mould,
equally well adapted to grain and grass. The
alluvial flats are here extensive ; those on Genesee
river include about 60,000 acres. Wheat ia rais
ed iu this Slate, in greater abundance than all
other grains. Indian corn, rye, oats, flax, herap,
&c. are eJso extensivelycultivated.
The principsd rainerals are iron and lead, and
there are indicaliona of the abundant existence of
coal. Lime, marble, marl, flint, gypsum, slate
for building, clays for manufacturing, and ocbrea
of varioua kinda, have been diacovered in great
quantities. Salt apringa exiat in Onondaga, Cay
uga, Seneca, Ontario, and Geneaee countiea, and
yield raore than 5(X),000 bushels of salt annually,
and the quantity m^y be increased indefinitely.
The principal salt -works Eire at Salina on Onon
daga lad^e. The mineral waters of Saratoga and
BaUston are the most celebrated in America.
The legialature consists of a senate of 32 mem
bers, and of a house of representatives, who may
not exceed 160, The State is divided into four
great districts for the choice of senators. They
hold their seata for 4 years, and one-fourth part is
elected every year. The repreaentativea are cho
sen annually by countiea. The governor and
Ueutenant governor are elected for 3 yeara. A
Council of Appointment, conaisting of the gover
nor, and a Senator from each of the four great
districts, is chosen annually by the legialature.
In this councfl, the governor presides, with only a
casting vote. The nuraber of officers anuuEflly
appointed by tfais council ia enorraous; erabracing
most of the subordinate officers of tfae Stale.
The denominationa of Christians in this atate
are Preabyteriana, Episcopaliana, Associate Re
forraed PresbyteriEuis, Dutch Reforraed Presbyte
rians, Baptiats, Methodists, Frienda, Gerraan Lu
therana and Calviuiata, Moraviana, Catholics, and
Shakers. ^
A vaat fund, amounting in value to a raillion and
a half of doUara, has beeu appropriated to the
support of coramon schools, and it appears from
the report of the Superintendant in 1820, that
5,763 schools had been organized according to law,
and that nine-tenths of all the children in the
State, between 6 and 15 years of age, received
iuatruction, Acaderaiea and collegea are also well
endowed. The colleges are Columbia college,
and the Medical college, in the city of New York ;
Union college, in Schenectady ; and Hamilton
college at Clinton, There are 40 or 60 incorpo
rated academies, and aeveral TheologicEd aemina
ries. The exporta from New York exceed those of any
other State in the Union, and in 1816, it paid more
than one third'of the revenue of the U, S, and
raore than t-wice as much as any other State, In
the amount of shipping it is surpEissed only by
Massachusetts, and in the value of manufactures
only by PennsylvaniEL The value of the manu
factures in 1810, was .$26,370,289 ; the amount bf
ahipping, in 1816, 309,290 tons; and the revenue
paid in 1815, $14,491,739, The exporta consist of
wheat, Indian com, rye, beef, pork, luraber, &c,
and thefr value in 1816, was $19,690,031 ; in 1817,

NEW

515

$18,707,433; in 1820, $13,163,244, about one-
third of which was foreign produce.
For several years past, the State has been en-
gsiged in iraproireraents of its inland navigation,
on a scale never before witneaaed in thia country,
aud with au energy and liberality which excite
univeraal admiration, A grand CEraal is now in
progress, which will open a water comraunication
frora Hudson river to lake Erie, and another ia
already completed, uniting the same river with
lake Champlain,
The Erie canal, when corapleted, will be 350
miles long. The route is as follows : Beginning
at Albany, on the Hudaon, it passes up the weat
bank of that river nearly to the mouth of the Mo
hawk ; then along the south bank ofthe Mohawk,
through the counties of Albany, Schenectady, Mont
gomery, Herkimer, and Oneida, to Rorae, From
Rorae it proceeds in a S, W, direction, and crossen
Oneida creek into Madison county, where it turns
to the W, and pasaea through Onondago county,
approaching within a mile and a half of Salina, at
the S, end of Onondaga lake. It croaaes Seneca
river at Montezuma, and passing by Lyons and
Palmyra, strikes the Genesee river at Rochester.
Weat ofthe Geneaee river, it funa on the S. side
ofthe Ridge road, and parsdlel with it for 60 miles,
and tfaen turning to the south, joina Tonnewanta
creek 11 miles from its mouth in Niagara river.
The channel ofthe Tonnewanta will be raade use
offer these 11 miles, aud the canal will then pro
ceed in a aoutherly direction from the mouth of
the Tonnewanta, along the east bank of Niagara
river to Buffalo on Lake Erie.
This route is divided into three sections. The
weatern section extenda from Buffalo to Montezu
ma on Seneca river, 160 milea; through thia dis
tance the level of the canal uniformly descends
from the lake, and the whole deacent i? 194 feet by.
25 locks. The middle section extenda from Mon
tezuma to Rome, 77 milea ; through this distance
tfae level of tfae canal uniformly ascends, and the
whole ascent is 49 feet. The eastern section ex
tends frora Rome to Albany, ^1 13 railes : through
thia distance the level of the canal uniformly de
scends; and the whole descent is 419 feet by 46
locks. The aggregate of rise and fall is therefore
662 feet, and the difference of levels between Lake
Erie and the Hudson, 564 feet.
The canal ia 40 feet wide on the aurface, 28
at the bottom, and 4 feet deep. It waa eatimated
by the commiaaionera in 1817, that the whole ex
penae would be $4,881,733 : viz, the western sec
tion, ,$1,756,862; the raiddle aection, $853,186 ;
the eastern se«ion, $2,196,690; and general ex
penses $75,000, The average expense per raile,
according to thia estiraate, was $13^800, The ca
nal was coraraenced on the 4th of July 1817, In
1819, the whole ofthe middle section was comple
ted, and the part of the eastern section between
Rome and UtiCa; a diatance in all, of 96 miles..
For sixty-seven rafles of this space, the canal pro
ceeda on the suramit level, without a single lock.
The original estimate of the expenae of these
96 mfles was $1,021,851 ; the actual coat was
$1,125,983, Barges of 70 tona burden, drawn by
two horaea at the rate of five milea an hour, . now
convey paaaengera from Utica to Montezuma, a
distance of 96 miles.
During the year 1820, 51 mfles of the western
section, including the whole distance from Gen
eaee river fo MontezumEi, except about 8 milss.

51^

NEW

was either corapleted, or under contract. During
the aame year, 31 mflea of the eastern aection, be
ginning at Utica, and extending eaatwardly along
the valley ofthe Mohawk, waa put in such a atate
of forwardneas, as to insure ita completion in the
courae ofthe year 1821, In their report of March
1821, the commiasioners anticipate the entire cora-
pletion of the canal before the close of the year
1823. Among the benefits of thia grand enterpriae, it
is expected, that beaide furnishing an outlet for
tbe agricultural produce of vast and fertile re
gions, salt may be supplied to the Atlantic States
from the great aalt worka at Salina, cheaper than
from abroad. In the progreaa of the canal alao,
gypanm of the best quality hEis been discovered,
and, in aufficient quantitiea for the aupply of the
whole United Statea,
The Champlain canal ia 22 milea long from
Whitehall at the mouth of Wood creek on Lake
Champlain, to Fort Edward on the Hudson, It
is 40 feet wide at the surface, 28 al the bottora,
and 4 feet deep. The locks are 98 feet long, and
14 feet wide in the clear. The deacent frora the
suramit level to Lake Champlain ia 64 feet, and
from the auramit level to the Hudson, 30 feel. The
expense was about $260,000, The canal was
opened in the summer of 1820, and though the
navigation was interrupted for three months, con
siderable quantitiea of lumber pasaed through it.
By meana of daraa, locks, and other iraproveraents,
a good boat navigation has been opened on the
Hudaon, frora Fort Edward, aa far down aa Sara
toga falls, Al Saratoga falls a cansd was cora-
menccd in 1820, which ia to extend along the weat
bank ofthe Hudsoii to Waterford, al the mouth of.
the Mohawk, a diatance of 27 miles. The whole
expense of continuing the Champlain canal from
Fort Edward to Waterford, was originally estima
ted at $621,000, bul from more minute exaraina-
tioH of the country, and the discovery of unex
pected facilities, the estimate is now reduced to
$400,000, It is expected that the whole wiU be
completed, and a navigation opened from Lake
Champlain to the tide watera of the Hudson in
1822, Plans have been recently submitted to the
legislature of the State for iraproving the naviga
tion of the Hudaon below the head of tide waters,
so as to admit ofthe ascent of ships to ."Vlbany,
New York, the firat commercial city in America,
is on the island of the same name, at the conflu
ence of Hudson and East rivers, in Ial, 40° 42' 40"
N, and lon, 74° ff 46'' W,, 90 m, N, E, Philadel
phia, 210 S, W, Boston, 160 S, Albany, 390 S,
Montreal, The city, county, and island of New
York are of the same extent. The island is 16
mfles long, and on an average U broad, and is sep
arated from New Jersey by the Hudson ; from the
continental part of New 'York by Haarlem creek ;
from Long island, by East river ; and from Stat
en island, by New York bay or harbor.
The corapact part of the city is at the S. end of
the island, and extends along the Hudson about 2
milea ; and from the Battery, in the S, W, corner,
along East river, nearly 4 miles. Its circuit is
about 8 miles. The atr.eets of the ancieut part,
at the S, end of the city, are frequently narrow
and crooked, but all the (lorUiern part has been
recently laid out, and with rauch belter taste.
The principal street is Broaflway, whicfa is 80
feet wide, and extenda from the Battery, in a N,
E, direction, through the centre of the city, for
three miles. It is generally weU buiU, and a part

NEW
of it is aplendid. The houses in the city, geneit-
ally, were formerly built of wood,, but these are
faat disappearing, and aubatsuitiai brick houses
with slated roofs, rising in their plaoe. The city
ia divided into 10 wards.
Among the public buildings, the most promin
ent and iraportEint is the City HaU, which is the
most beautiful edifice in the U. S, It is 216 feet
long, 105 broad, and, including Uie attic story,
66 feet high. The front, and both enda above
the basement story, are built of white marble.
The expense was $500,000, It is occupied by
the City councU in their meetings, and by the
different courts of law, — The New York Hos
pital comprises the Hospital for the reception
of the sick and disabled, the lunatic asylum,
and the lying-in hospital. The annual expen
diture ia about $40,000. During the year 1819,
1,725 patients were admitted, of whom 1,320
were cured. A valuable medical Ubrary of
about 3,000 volumes, is attached to the institu
tion. — 'The Alms HoOse is a plain stone structure,
on East river, 2 miles from the city hall. It is 3
stories high, 320 feet long, and 50 wide, recently
erected. The expense, including the workhouse,
penitentiary, and other buUdings connected with
it, was $418,791. In 1816, tfae number of poor
in this institution was 1.487, and the expense of
the estabUshment $90,886  The State prison ia
on the Hudson, at Greenwich, about 1^ mile from
the city haU. It is consfructed of freestone. The
number of prisoners in 1814, was 494, and is
1819, 604, The original cost ofthe estabhshment
was $208,846, and large suras have been voted by
the legislature to defray the annual expenses.—,
The New York Institution ia near the city haU,
and its apartmenta are occupied by the literary
and pbflosopbical society ; the hiatorical society,
which has a library of about 5,000 volumes, and
a permanent fund of $12,000; the American
Academy of Fine Arts, wfaicfa faaa a valuable col
lection of paintings jind atatuea ; the Lyceum of
natural history ; and the American Museum.
Columbia college, formerly called King'a col
lege, waa eatabUahed in 1754. It has a presi
dent, 5 professora, 140 atudents, a Ubrary of 3,000
or 4,000 voluraes, ct valuable philoaophical ap
paratus, Emd au annual revenue of more than
$4,000. A Faculty of medicine was formerly at
tached to the institution, but in 1814 it was sepa
rated from it
A college of Physicians and Surgeons waa es
tabUshed in 1807, and in 1814, the Faculty of
medicine waa united with it, wfaich was formerly
attached to Colurabia coUege. Thua united, tlie
college of Physicians has 7 professors, aud is one
of the most respectable and flourishing medical
institutions in the country. The Elgin Botanic
garden is also attached to thia institution.
A Theological Seminary waa instituted in this
city in 1805, by the general Synod of the Asso
ciate Reformed church. In 1818, it had 2 pro
fessors, 26 atudenta, and a library of about 5,000
voluraea. Among the other inatitutions are « theatre,
VauxhEdl and other public gsirdens, an orphan •
asylum, an asylum for the deaf and dumb, a cus
tom-house, 8 market-houses, 11 banks, 11 insur
ance companies, numerous benevolent and chari
table institutions for the relief of the poor, the
aick, the aged, the widow, the orphan, and the
stranger.— The New York Society Library con-
taina about 15,000 voluraes, valued at more than

NEW

N I A

oil

$40,000.— In 1817, Uiere were publiahed in the
city, 7 daily newapapers, 5 semi-weekly, and 5
weekly, besides several monthly literary, and reli
gious magazinea- — There are 57 houses of pubUc
worship, 12 for Episcopalians, 6 for Presbyterians,
1 for Reformed Presbyterians, 1 for Aaaociate
Preabyterians, 3 for Associate Reformed Presbyte
rians, 7 for Dutch Reformed Preabyterians, 8 for
MeUiodiata, 6 for Baptiata, 3 for Friends, 2 for Ro
man Catholics, 1 for Gerraan Lutherana, 1 for
Gerraan Calviniats, I for Moravians, 1 for Uni-
versalisls, 1 foi'Jews, 1 for SeEuuen, I for Swedeu-
boi-giana, and 1 for UnitEiriana.
The Battery is a beautiful open apace, contain
ing sevaral acres, at the S, W. point of the city.
It commirds a fine view of the harbor, -with its
shipping, islands, and fortifications, and is much
frequ ented by the citizens. The Park is a hand
some common, in front of the City Hall, coutEiin-
ing 4 acres, and is also a fashionable resort. The
Elgin BolEinic garden is 3^ milea from the city hall,
and contains about 20 acrea. It was founded in
1801, by Dr. David Hosack, and was purchased
by the State in 1810, for $74,268, and preaented
to the Medical college.
New York h:irbor is a large bay, 9 miles long,
aud 4 broad, which spreads before the city on the
S. side, having Long Island on the E, and Staten
Island Emd New Jersey on the W. On the N. it
receives the Hudson ; on the N. E, il corarauni
cates with Long IslEmd Sound through Eaat river ;
ou the W. with Newark bay, through the Killa ;
on the S. with the Atlantic ocean, through the
Narrows. It erabasoms several small islands, as
Governor's island, Bedlow'a island, and EUia'a
island, near the city of New York, on eacfa of
which Eu-e fortificationa. The harbor ia deep
enough for the largeat veasels, well secured from
winds and storms, auflicieutly spa^Mps for the
most numeroua fleet, and the currents are so rapid,
that it is seldom obstructed by ice ; not faaving
been frozen over since 1780.
New York is admirably situated for commerce,
on an exceUent harbor, at the mouth of a noble
river, vrith an extensive, fertile, and populoua
back country, t^t imports raost of tfae gooda con
suraed in ihe State of New York, the northern
half of New Jersey, and the western parts of New
England ; Emd exports the produce of the sarae
section. This city owns more shipping than Emy
otfaer in the Union, and more than half as much
as the city of London. The amount of shipping
in 1816, was 299,617 tons. The revenue from
the customs, collected at this port, is about one-
fourth of the whole revenue of the U, Statea ; in
1816, it was $14,409,790.— The revenue of the
city, for city purposes, for the year ending May
12th isn, was $483,011.
Few cities in the world have increased ao regu
larly and rapidly as New York. In 1697, the
population was 4^302; in 1756, 13,040; in 1790,
33,131; in 1800, 60,489; in 1805, 75,770; in
1810, 96,373 ; in 1820, 123,706. The inhabitants
are from raany different nations. More than one-
third are of 'New Engtand origin. After these,
the most numerous are the Dutch and Scotch, and
then the Engliah, Iriah, and French.
New York, t. Alberaarle co. Va, 23 m, W, Char
lotte. >
New York, t. Champaign co. Ohio,
New Zealand, two large ialanda in the Pacific
ocean, lying E, ofNewSouth Walea, 'divided from
each other by a strait 12 or 15 mfles brfoad. I,on.

181° to 194° W, Lat 34" to 38° S, The northern
island ia 600 rafles long, and on an average 160
broad, and the aouthern nearly as Isurge, The
most -valuable production is flax. Wheat, barley,
and all the comraon European grains and vegeta
bles, flourish here. The inhabitanta are a high-
minded and noble race of raen. They have vir
tues which place them in the faigfaest rank of un
civilized nations. But the Missionaries confirm
the report that they are cannibals, as they have
been frequently Icnown to roast and devour the
prisoners taken in war. Their principal faulfa
result from the fierceness of an untfuned spirit,
and not frora the low vices of tfae sensual. War
ia tfae New Zealander's glory, Figfating ia the
principal topic of his conversation. He believes
that the soul, aa aoon aa it is parted from the body,
is engaged in war.
At Parramatta, in the British colony of New
South Walea, a seminary has been established for
the inafruction of New Zealanders in the aimple
arts of life. They are here taught to spin, weave,
and reap. They manifest a sfrong deafre for im
provement In February, 1820, the seminary
contained 25 pupils. Two establishraents have
also been made in New Zealand by the Church
Missionary Society, and with very promising suc
cess. The labors of the Miaaiouariea and aettlers
are producing a aensible change on the people im
mediately around them ; who begin to respect the
Sabbath, and the forms of the Christian religion.
Their warlike dispoaition, however, creates sorae '
difliculties. They are moat earneat for the in
struction of their children, and crying out, in all
directions, for Miaaionarics.
Nexopa, t. Mexico, 5.leagues W, Oaxaca.
Nexapan, Son Antonio de, settlement, Spanish
America, in Guatiraala, 10 m. S, E. St Salvador.
Nexan, v. Franoe, in Upper Vienne, 15 m. S. S.
W. Limoges. Pop, 1,800.
Neyer, district. Hind, in Cutch, about 24° N,lat
Neyland, t Eng. in Suffolk, on the Stour, 6 m,
N. Colchester. Pop. 933.
Ngonehan, city, Cfaina, in Koeitchoo. Lon.
105° 31' E. Lat, 26° 12' N,
Nganlo, I.China, in Houquang. Lon. 111° 24'
E, Lat 31° 14' N.
Nhing-koue, city of China, in Kiangnan. Lon,
118° 24' E, Lat 31° 2'N.
Niabussun, t.' BengEd, in BurdwEln, Lon, 87°
25°E, Lat2S°4ff N,-
Niagora, r. N, Araerica, through which Lake
Erie dischEirges itself into Lake Ontario, ia cele
brated for ita falls, one of the grEmdeat natural cu
rioaities on the globe. The river flows frora S. to
N. and ia 35 milea long. At its effinx from Lake
Erie it ia | of a mile wide, frora 40 to 60 feet deep,
and flows with a current of 7 miles an hour. As it '
proceeds, the river spreads to the width of 6 or 7
miles, eraboaoraing several islands, particulEU-ly
Grand and Navy islands, wfaich terminate in beau
tiful points 1 J miles above the fallsi A Uttle be
low the termination of these islands, coraraence the
rapids, which extend a mile to the precipice, in
which space the river descends 57 feet. At the
precipice it is } of a mile wide. Here Goat isl- i
and dividea the river into 2 channels ; the channel
between Goat island and the Eaatern or United
States' shore, ia ako divided by a small islEmd,
Over the precipice 'the river falla perpendicularly
about 160 feet Much the greater part ofthe wa
ter passes iu the channel hetween"Goat island and
the Canada shore. This fall is called from its

;i8

N I C

N I C

shape the Horee-ahoe fall. Between Goat island
and the amall island in the eaatern channel, the
atreara is only 8 or 10 yards wide, forming a beau
tiful cascade. Between this sraall island and the
United Statea shore, the sheet of. water is broad,
and the deacent ia greater by a few feet than at
the Horae-ahoe fall, but the afream ia comparative
ly ahallow.
The falls are aeen to advantage from different
poaitions. The beat aingle view ia that from the
Table rock on the Canada side ; and the beat view
ofthe rapida is from Goat island, which ia ingeni
ously connected by a bridge with the cEistem
ahore. The view frora the river below ia the raost
entire. Below the falls, the river runs between
perpendicular banka 300 feet high to Queeenston,
7 miles; thence to Lake Ontario the country is
open. About 5 railea below tfae falls, ia a aemicir
cular basin on the E. side ofthe river 300 yarda in
circuit, incloaed by rocky cliffs. The current con
fined here forras a tremendous whirlpool, caUed
the DevU's Hole, after which it Eisaumes a tranquil
course. Frora Lewiaton to its mouth, 8 milea, it
afforda agoed harbour for veaaela. From the lan
ding at Lewiaton there ia a portage of 9 mflea to
Fort Schloaser, 2 mile's above the falls.
Niagfira, co. N; Y. bounded N. by LEdce Onta
rio, E. by Genesee co. S. by Cataraugus co. and
W. by Lake Erie and Niagara river. Pop. 6,132.
Chief town, Buffalo.
Niagara, formerly Schlosser, p-t, Niagara co,
N. Y, on Nis^ara river, just above the falls,
Niagara, t. and fort, Niagara co. N,Y.on the Ni
agara, at ita entrance intoLake Ontario, 15 below
the great fsdls. It was taken by the British in 1813,
and the town was destroyed, but it haa aince been
rebuilt in a better atyle than before, Lon, 79° 6'
W, Lat 43° 14' N,
Niagur, t. Hind, in Gundawaneh, Lon, 82° 11'
E, Lat 22° 22' N.
Niak, isl, on S, W, coEistof East Greenland.
Lon, 43° SO' W, Lat, 59° 45' N.
Nias, or JVeas Isle, ial. in the Eastern seas, off
Tapanooly bay, ' on the W, coast of Sumatra, from
which il is separated by a strEiit 60 miles broad.
It is 50 miles long by 20 broad,
Nibbionno, t Auatrian Italy, on the Lambro, 10
m, S, E, Corao,
Nibe, t Denmark, in Jutiand, 9 m. W. S, W,
Aidborg, Pop, 1,000,
Nicaragua, a province of the kingdom of Gua
timala, bounded N. by Honduraa, E, by the Carri
bean aea, W, by Guatimala aud thePacific, and S,
by Coata Rica,
Nicaragua, or Lean de J^icoragua, cap, of the
above province, Itia the see of a bishop. Its port
ia Realexo, which ia aituated near it, on the river
Realexo, and has a good harbour. Lon. 85° 4' W.
Lat 11° IffN.
Nicaragua, a lake of fresh water in the above
province, 120 milea long, aud 41 broad. It ia nav
igable for tfae largest vessels. It enters the sea by
the east, through a channel called the river San
Juan, which is 64 miles long, and on which a con
siderable trade ia carried on by means of canoes
and other small craft,
Nicastro, ancientiy Neocostrum, t. Italy, in the
S, ofthe kingdom of Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 15
m, N, W, Squillace, 24 N, N, E, Mileto, Pop,
10,000, Niccola della Strada, t, Naplea, S, of Capua,
Pop, 2,000,
Nice, a county or province in the Sardinian

states, aurroimded by Genoa, Monaco,,'th» mari
tirae Alpa, the French department of the Var, and
tfae Mediterranean, Extent^ 1,230 aquare milea
Pop, 91,000,
Nice, t. in the N. W, of Italy, in the Sardinian
atates, and cap. ofthe province of Nice. , It stands
at the mouth of the amall river Paglion,on the Med
iterranean, and ia deUghtfuUy aituated at the foot
of an amphitheatre of^hilla covered with (vfllas
gardens, and groves of orange and lemon tree«.
Here is a theafre, pubUc baths, coffee-houaes, a li
brary, delightful walka, and good aociety. These,
Eulded to the preauraed salubrity of the climate in
consumptive complaints, render it a favourite re
sort of emigrating foreigners, particularly EngUsh,
The harbour, which is protected by a mole, is spa
cious and secure, and is capable of admitting ves
sels' of 300 tona. The trade consists chiefly in the
export ofthe oil, wine, and sUk ofthe neighbour
hood, 92 m, S, W, Genoa, 92 S, by W, Turin,
Lon, 7° 16' E, Lat, 43° 41' N. Pop, 18,500,
Nkhaburg. See Nishapour.
Nicholas, co. 'Va. formed in 1818, of a part of
Greenbrisu- county. At the court-house is a post-
office, Nicholas, co. Ken, Pop, 4,898, including 509
slaves, Nicholas Island, small island on the N, coast of
Cuba, Lou, 79° 40' W, Lat, 23* Iff N>
Nicholasvilk, p-t, and cap. Jessamine co. Ken,
20 m, S, W, Lexington. Pop. 158. Here isi'^
bank, Nkhol Forest, t. 'Eng. in Cumberland, IOJ m.
N, E. Longtown, Pop. 767.
NichoU's inn, p-v. Dearbdrn co. Indiana.
Nicholson, or Thombottom, p-v. Luzerne co, Pt,
Pop, 169,
Nicholson' s house, p-v. Warren co, N.C,
Nkkelsljfg, t Bohemia, 23 ra, S. Dreaden.
Nicobar,' fhe name of a group of islands in the
bay of Bengal, between 6° Emd 10° N. lat and be
tween 93° and 95° E. lon. There are 7 large and
12 small ones. They arealraost aU inhabited bya
quiet and inoffensive people. The sofl produces co
coa nuts, pine apples, plantains, lemona and other
fruita in abundance, but the donate ia very un
healthy. The Danea attempted a setUement here
in 1756, but almost aU the coloniata died Within a
few years.
Jficojock, a cave in the Cherokee country, 20
m. S. 'W. Look-Out mountain, and i a mfle fiom
Tenneaaee river, A large river, 60 feet wide and
6, feel deep issues from its mouth, which has been
explored 3 miles in a canoe,
Nicolaef. See Nicalaiev.
Nicaloi, or Nikalaw, t, Pruasifm States, 13 m,
N, Please, 42 W, N, W.Cracow, Pop, 1,200, .
Nicolas du Port, t France, in Meurthe, 7 m
S, E, Nancy, 9 W, N, W, LuneviUe, Pop, 3,200, '•
Nicalet, r. Lower Canada, whicfa tEikes its rise
from a lake S- of the St Lawrence, and runs K,
W, for about 47 railea, when it is met by a large
branch, navigable for boats and other small cralt
From this point its course, till it falls into Lake St
Peter, is 21 railes.
Nicolet, seigniory. Lower Canada, in Bucking- ¦.
hEun CO, on the S, side of the St Lawrence, 16 ft,
S, Three-Rivers, The village consists of about SQf
houses with a church,
Nicoping, or Nyekiobing, s-p, Denmark, on the
island of Mors, in the gulf of Lymfiord, 33 m,
N, N, W, Wiborg.
Nicopolis, in Sac. Geog. a city either of Mace-

N I E

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519

donia or Thrace. The learned are not agreed to
which country it belonged.
Nicopolis, or Nikopoli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Bul
garia, on the left bank of the Danube. 1 64 m. N.
W. Adrianople, 276 N. W. Constantinople. Lon.
24° 8' E. Lat 43° 46' N. Pop. '20,000.
Nicosia, t Sicily, in the Val di Deraona, 40 ra,
W, N, W, Catania, 60 E, S, E, Palerrao, Pop.
12,800. Nicosia, a targe city, cap, of the ialand of Cy
prus, It was formerly of very great extent and
importance, being 9 mfles in circumference, and
containing 300 cfaurchea. The Veuetiana, on ob
taining poasesaion of it, reduced it to a smaller
compaaa, but surrounded it with very strong forti
fications. Since 1670, it faaa been under the do
minion of the Turka, Its fortifications, even in
thefr present ruined atate, are conceived by Dr,
Clarke to exceed in magnificence thoae of almost
every other city. The city containa 2,000 Ma-
hometEm, and 1,000 Greek families, witfa a few
Armenism and Maronite Christians, It carries ou
manufactures of Turkey leather, of small carpets,
and of printed cottons, Lon, 33° 26' E, Lat 35°
Iff N,
Nicotera, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, situated
near the sea coast. It is the see of a bishop, 32 m,
N, by E, Reggio, 50 S, S, E, Cosenza, Pop, 6,300.
Nicoya, t. Guatimala, in Coata Rica, on a river
of the same name, near the coast of the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 85° Sff W. Lat 10" 42' N.
Niddo, t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 23 m.
N.E. Frankfort on the Maine. Pop. 1,500.
Nidda, r. GermEiny, which falls into the Maine
at Hochat
Nidegh, (an. Cadyna,) t CaramEmia, in A. Tur
key, 22 ra. E, Karahissar. Pop. about 5,000.
Nidingen, amall ial. Sweden, in the Cattegat,
with a light houae. Lon. 11° Sff E. Lat 57° Iff
21" N.
Nidjigul, fort, India, in Mysore, Lon. 77° 16'
E. Lat 13° IffN.
¦NidycovU, t. Indisi, in Coimbetoor. Lon. 77°
42' E, Lat 11° 51' N.
Niebltt, t SpEun, in Seville. There ia a con
siderable copper mine in the neighbourhood. 1 1
m. N. N. W. Moguer. Lon, 6° 2ff W. Lat. 37°
2ff N. Pop. 9,000.
Nieder Aula, t. Germany, in Heaae-Caasel, 6 m,
S. W, Hersfeld. Pop, 900,
Niederbronn, t France, in Lower Rhine, 7 m,
N, N, W, Hanav, 12 S, W, Weisaembourg, Pop,
1,500, NiederhaU, t Wirteraburg, 13 m, N, N, W, HaU,
Pop, 1,400,
Nieaer-Ingelheim, t Gerraany, in Hease-Darm
atadt, 7 ta, W, Mentz, Pop. 1,200.
Niedemay, or Nieder-ehenheim, t. France, 12 m.
S. W, Straaburg, Pop, 1,300, See Ehenheim.
Niefem, t, Baden, 4 m, E, N, E, Pforzheim,
Pop, 1,000,
Nieheim, t, Prussian States, 14 m, E, N, E, Pa
derbom, Pop. l,,S0O,
Niemeck, t, Prusaian Statea, in Brandenburg,
cededin 1815 by Saxony, 15 m, N, Wittenberg,
Pop,. 1,300,
Niemecz, Nimiec, or Nemes, t, Eu, Turkey, in
Moldavia, 76 m, W, N. W, Jasai, 280 N, E, Bel
grade,- Lon, 25° SffE, Lat47°2ffN,
Niemen, r. Ru.ssia, v/hioh rises a few milea S, of
Minak, and pasaea by Grodno and Kowno, wh?re
it joins the 'Wilna, It soon after enters Eaat Prus
sia,- Eind p'isses the amall but well known town of

Tilait, 7 miles below which it divides into several
branchea, which fall into the large maritime inlet
called the Kurische Haf,
Niemes, t. Bohemia, on the Polzen, 8 m, S, Gab-
lona. Pop, 1,900,
Niemierow, t, Rusaian Poland, 16 m, N, N, E,
Braclau, Pop, 2,000, chiefly Jews,
Niemptschuts, t. Moravia, 15 m, S, Brunn, Pop,
1,050, Nienburg, t, Hanover, on the Weser, 27 m, N,
W, Hanover, 35 S, S, E, Bremen, Pop, 3,500,
Nienburg, or Monch-Nienburg,t. Saxony, at the
confluence ofthe Bude and the Saale, 20 m, S, by
E, Magdeburg, Pop, 1,060,
Nienhaus, or Neuenliaus, t. Hanover, 116 ni,
W, by N, Hanover, 48 W, N,W, Oanabruck, Pop,
1,100, Nieper. See Dnieper.
Niepomice, t, Auatrian Poland, on the Viatulsi,
10 m, E, Cracow,
Nierenstein, v, Germany, in Hease-Darmstadt,
on the W, bankof tiie Rhine, Pop, 1,300,
Niessttwa, t, Poland, on the VistulEi, 18 m, S, S,
E, Thorn. Pop, 900,
Nieul, t France, in Lower Charente, near the
aea, 3 m, N, La RocheUe, Pop, 1,200,
ffieuport, X. Netherlanda, in West Flandera, 2
m, from the aeacoaat, II m, S, W, Oatend, 23 W, S.
W, Bruges, Lon, 2° 4ff 15" E, Lat, 51° 7' 54" N,
Pop, 3,000,
Nievre, a department in the central part of
France, bounded by the departmenta ofthe Yonne,
the Cotes d'Or, the Saone-and-Loire, tfae Allier,
and the Cher. Extent, 2,S00 sq. miles. Pop.
242,000. Nevers is the capital.
Nievre, r. France, which falls into the Loire at
Nevers, and gives narae to the above department,
Nieuwe Peckel Aa, v. Netherlands, iu Gronin-
gen, 7 m. S. S. W. jBinschoten. Pop. 2,900.
Nieuwkerk, t. Netherlands, in Gelderland, on
the Zuyder Zee, with a good harbour. Pop, 5,000-
Nieuwkoop, V. Netherlands, in North Holland,
12 m, E, Leyden, Pop, 1,900,
Nieuwkuyk, v. Netherlanda, in N, Brabant, 6 m,
W. Boia le Due, Pop, 900,
Nieuwpaart, t Netherlands, iu South Holland,
17 m, E, by N, Rotterdam,
Niganiche, isl, off the coast of Cape Breton ial- ¦
and, in the gulf of St Cawrence, 8 leagues from
Nortfa Cape.
Nigdeh. See Nidegh.
Niger, r. Eng. in Norfolk, which falls into the
Gerraan ocean at Clay.
Niger, a great river of Central AfricEi, which
riaea in the western part ofthe continent, near the
sources of tfae Senegal, and has excited an extra
ordinary degree of intereat in modern geogra
phers, by the various and contradictory rumoura
relative to its course aud termination. The opin
ion whiph, after the discoveries of Park, became
generally eatabUahed, was that of Major Rennell,
coinciding in aome raeaaure with the previous one
of D'AuviUe, by which the Niger, after iaauing
frora the lake Dibbie, was supposed to flow east
ward through the countries of Houssa aud Casai
na, till it was loat in the lakes and marshea of
Wangara, A very different hypotheais haa been
atarted by travellers into Northern Africa, Jack
son Emd Homeraann both stsite the universal con
viction there to be, that the Niger flowa esiatward,
and joins the Nile, being in fact the Nile itself.
The Moors express their astonishment when they
hear Europeans doubting the identity of the two

520

N I L

streEima, Homeraann alao atates, that in Fezzan
he never met with any one who entertained a dif
ferent opinion, Notwithatanding theae concur
rent teatimoniea, thia opinion haa been decidedly
rejected by the ablest geographera, A more
recent hypotheaia, the fame of which haa nearly
abaorbed every other, ia that by which tfae Niger
ia auppoaed, after a long course througfa Central
and Southern Africa, to pour itself into the Atlan
tic by the estuary of the Congo, This was origin
ally auggeated to Mr, Park by captain Maxwell,
who, in the character of a alave-trader, had been
accuatomed to frequent the laat mentioned river.
Hia opinion waa founded on the faat quantity- of
WEiter which it poured into the ocean, and on a
rise taking place at a period when no rains had
fallen on the aouthern side of tfae line, Theae ar-
gumenta made so strong an impression on the pub
lic mind, that the British govemmeiit, with a lib
erality and public spirit -which ia highly laudable,
determined to fit out an expedition on a great
scale, to ascertain this grand question in modern
geography. It waa divided into two parta, one of
which, of a military character, waa coramanded
by- major Peddle, and was deatined to penetrate
acroas Western Africa to the Niger, and to de
scend its stream ; the other, of a naval description,
under captain Tuckey was to ascend tfae Congo ia
boats, "The hopes which were raised of the suc
cess of this expedition, have been sadly disappoint
ed. The party of major Tuckey, overcome by
fatigue and the heat of the cUraate, were seized
' with a pestilential disorder, which proved fatal to
moat of them. All tfae leadera of that of niajor
Feddie fell also a sacrifice to the climate, before
they had even approached the Niger,
Nightingale Island, sraall isl, in the Eastem seas,
near the S, coast of Madura, Lon, 114° E, Lat,
7° IffE,
Nightingale Island, smalflsl, in the AUantic.
Lon, Il°4ffW, LatS7°2ffS.
Nigritia. See Negroland.
Nijibobad, or Nijibgur, t. Hind, in Bareilly,
Lon, 78° 41' E, Lat, 29° Sff N,
Nyibgur, t Hind, in Agra, on the W, bank of
the Gangea, 12 ra, below Cawnpore.
Nikera, r. GuianEi, wfaich runa into the Allelic
in lon, 67° 2ff W, lat. 6° N,
Nikitsk, t Eu, Russia, 20 m. S, E. Moscow,
Pop,900, Nikolaiev, t. Eu, Rusaia, in Cheraon, at the con
fluence of the Ingul and the Bug, It waa founded
so lately aa 1791, and its population waa, in 1820,
above 4,000, and likely to increase. The depth
of the river is 20 feet, and vessels of great size can
corae up here, an advantage which faas made it be
chosen aa one of the atationa of the Ruaaian navy,
42 m, N, W, Cheraon, Lon, 32° 0' 9" E, Lat 56°
Sff 15" N,
Nikaloiken, t. East Prussia, in Gurabinnen, 74 ra.
S. S. E. Konigaberg, 58 S. S.W, Gumbinnen, Pop,
1,300, Nikolsburg, t, Moravia, 25 m, S, Brunn, Pop,
7,600; nearlythehalf are Jews,
Nikolsk, t. Eu, Ruasia, 290 m. E, Vologda,
Nikolskoi, t A, Russia, in Oufa, on the Our.al,
80 m. E, S. E. Orenburg,
Nikopol, t, Eu, Ruaaia, in Ekaterinoslav, on the
Dnieper, 44 m. S. W, AleXandrovsk, Pop, 1,200,
Nikopoli. See Nicopolis,
Niksar, t, Caramania, in A, Turkey, 10 m. N,
Tocat. Nilat, one ofthe nnnie? of tbe river Indus,

N I M
Nikund, t. Hind, and one ofthe place* of Hi»»-
doo pilgrimage, Lon, 88° 50' E, Lat 27° 51'N,
Nikundah, district, Hind, in Hyderabad, Nil-
cundah, the capital, is in lon, 79° 15' E,lat 16°55'N,
Nik, a great and celebrated river of Africa
which traverses Egypt through ita whole extent
and, by its inundation, produces all the fertility
for which that country ia diatinguished. The Por
tuguese missionaries in Abyssinia represented the
Blue river, or B'ahr el Azrek, as the principal
head of the Nile ; but it is now ascertained that
the Bahr el Abiad is the largeat branch, and
haa the longeat courae. The raoat authentic ac
count of tfae origin of this river, is that collected
by Browne in Darfur, Tfae Bjihr el Abiad'was
there described as forraed by tfae conflUx of nu-
raerous araall strearas, descending from a very lofty
range called the raountains of Donga, which ap
pear to be the aame called by the ancients the
Mountains of the Moon. For aome time it flows
eaatward along their base ; theu turns to tbe N. ;
and, among other countriea, -watera Cordofan and
SenuEiar. In traversing this last, it receives its
main tributary, the Bahr el Azrek, or river of
Abyaainia. Having flowed a conaiderable apace
further, it receivea the Tacazze, after which, du
ring a courae of about a thouaErad miles, through
Nubia, it ia not fed by any river, acarcely even by
the sraaUest rivulet Tins vast region for about a
mile from the river is capable of culture ; beyond
which it sfretches on each side into an immeasur
able expanse of desert. Before reaching Egypt.,
the Nile forras two cataracts, thelowestofwbifhis
at Syene. In passing through Upper Egypt, the
river ia confined between two mountain ranges,
which leave only a narrow strip upon each side.
Near Cairo the valley -widens, and tfae Nfle soon
sepEirates into branches, and spreads itself over
the wide and level plEdn of the Delta. The rise
ofthe river begins about the 17th of June, smd
continues till August, wheu the river is at its
height, and all the level parts of the country ai'e
overflowed. In Upper Egypt, however, the streain
being confined, as in Nubia, wiUiin high banks,
artificial means of irrigation raust be employed.
The length of the river is about 2,000 mfles.
Nile, t Scioto, co, Ohio, ou Ohio river, 8 m, be
low Portsmouth. Pop. 396.
Nimburg, v. Badeu, 10 m. N. N. W, Freyburg,
Pop. 900,
Nimburg, t. Bohemia, near the Elbe, 14 m, S,
S, E, Jung-Buntzlau. Pop, 2,060,
Nimeguen, or Nimwegen, t Netherlands, in
Gelderland, on the left bank of the great branch
of the Rhine called the Waal, It is fortified with
walls, ditches, and extenaive outworks. It was
taken by the French, on 8lh September 1794, '50
ra. S, E, Anislerdara, Lon. 5° 60' E. Lat 51° 51'
N, Pop. 13,300.
Nimes, or Nismes, t. in the S, E, FrEmce, cap,
of Gard, Pop. 40,000, of whora 25,000 are Prot
estants, It ia particularly interesting from its
ancient raonuraents, ofwhich, with the exception
of Rome, it is said to contain more than any other
city in Europe, It has a royal coUege, or high
school, with a library, a society of medicine and
agriculture, an academy of fine arts, and aeveral
other literary and scientific inatitutiona. It haa
also extensive manufactures, particularly of sflk
atuffs, stockings, ribbons, linen, and leather, It ia
now the aee ofa bishop,' 30 m, N, E, MontpeUer,
70 N, W, Marseilles, 470 S. S, E, Parisi Lon, 4°
21' E, Lat 43° SffN,

N I S
Nimet, in Bohemia, See JVtemes.
NimishiUen, r. Ohio, which run, into the Mus
kingura, about 12 miles above New Philadelphia.
NimishiUen, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1 819, 470.
Ntinptschft. Prusaian atates, 26 m. S, W, Bres
lau. Pop, 1,300,
Nine Bridges, p-v. Queen Ann's co, Md.
Nine Fleet Harbour, bay on the W, coast of
Florida, Lon. 82° 60' W, Lat, 27° N,
Nine Islands, small islands in the Pacific, Lon.
154" SffE. Lat 4" 40' S.
Ninety-six, distriot, S, C, which comprehends
the counties of Edgefield, Abbeville, Laurens, and
Newbury, Nineveh, in Sac, Geog. See Nunia.
Nineveh, p-v. Frederick co, Va,
Ningo, Danish fort on the Gold coaat of Africa,
43 ra' W, S, W, from the mouth of the Volta,
Ningpo, a city of the fU'at rank, and a great aea
port of China, in the province of 'Tchekiang, Lon,
120° 14' E, Lat 29° 64' N.
' Ning-yuen, t. Eaatern Tartary.^ near the fron
tier of China, 250 m, E. Pekin,
JVinoiie, t Netherlsrads, in East Flanders, on the
Dender, 16 ra, S, W, Brussels, 22 S, S, E. Ghent,
Pop, 3,400,
Nia, ancieutly /ns, sraall isl, of Eu, Turkey, iu
the Archipelago, W, of Naraphio, , The principal
property of the inhabilEmts consists in their cattle.
According to tradition, Homer died in this island,
Lon, 6° 24' E, Lat 36" 46' N. Pop. 4,000,
Nions, t France, in Drome, 21 m. S. E. Monte-
Umart Pop. 2,800.
Niort, small isl. of Argyleshire, Scotland, in the
sound of Mull.
Niort, t in the W. of France, cap. of Two-
Sevrea, on the Sevre, 34 m, N, E, La RocheUe,
294 S, W, Paris, Lon, 0° 2ff W, Lat 46° 19' N,
Pop. 16,000.
J Niort, t France, in Mayenne, near Laasay.
Pop. 2,000.
Niphon, au extensive island in the east of Asia,
forming by much the largest part of the erapire of
Japan. See Japan.
Nipisiguit, v. New Brunswick, on the S. side
of chaleur bay, above 12 leagues W. of Caraquit
island. Nirgua, t Caraccas, 48 leaguea frora the city of
Caraccas, Lon, ,68° 45' W, Lat 10° N, Pop,
3,200, JVV'rmu/, tHind, in Berar. Lou.79°3ffE. Lat
19° Iff N.
. Nisch. See Nissa.
Nischnei-Lomov, t. Eu, Russia, in Pensa, 34 m,
W, N, W, Pensa. Pop, 3,700,
Nischnei-Novgorod, or Nishegoroc(, a govern
ment of Eu. Ruaaia, between 41° 45' and 46° 16'
E, lon, and 54° and 57° N, lat It haa an area of
20,400 sq, mfles. Pop, about 1,000,000,
Nischnei-Novgorod, a thriving comraercial t
Eu, Russia, capitsilof the government of tfae same
name, situated at the confluence of the Oka and
Wolga, Since 1816, the largest fair of Makariev
has be^n held at thia city. It is frequented by
i jErowds of dealers frora different parta of Ruasia,
iaPoland, Germany, Tartary, Bukharia, Erad even
\ -Persia, The quantity of merchandiae aold here ia
immenae, and it is juatly regarded aa one of the
greatest faira in Europe, 250 m. E. N, E. of Mos
cow, and 540 E. S. E. Petersburg. Lon. 44° 28' E.
Lat 56° IffN. Pop. 10,000.
Nisemasse, amall islands in the Eastern aeas,
Lon, 128° 42' E, Lat 8° 15' -V,
66

NOB

521

JVishapour, ancient city of Peraia, once the
greateat and richeat in the province of Koraasan.
30 m. S. Meached, 230 N. E. Herat Pop. 15,000.
Nisi, t Greece, in the Morea, on the Firnazza,
near ita mouth,
Nisibin, v. Persia, in the pachalic of Bagdad,
78 m, S, E, Diarbekir, 70 N. VV, Mosul.
' Nisido, sraall isl, of the Mediterranean, ou the
W, coast of Italy, a few miles from Naples, It has
a sraall seaport called Porto Pavone, where ahipa,
going to Naples, perforra quarantine,
Niskayuno, t, Schenectady co. N. Y. on the S.
aide of the Mohawk, 12 m. N. W. Albany. Pop.
424. Nismes. See Nimes, in France,
Nissa, or Nisch, t. Eu. Turkey, in Servia, near
the Morawa river, 245 m, N, W, Conatantinople,
150 E, N, E, Ragusa, Lon, 21° Sff E, Lat 43°
31' N,
Nissan, v. France, in Herault, 4 ra, S. W, Be
ziers, Pop, 1,100,
Nissy, t in tfae N. of Greece, at the raouth ofthe
S'alambria, or ancient Peneua,
Nistelraade, v. Netherlanda, in North Brabant,
12 ra, E, Bois le Due, Pop, 1,600,
Nith, r. Scotland, which rises in Ayrahire, and
running S, E, falla into the Solway frith.
Nittany Mountain, Pennaylvania, which ex
tenda frora the Juniatta almoat to the W. brEmch of
the Susquehannafa.
Nittenau, t. Germany, 17 m, N, N, E, Ratisbon,
Pop. 900,
Nivelles, t Netherlanda, in South Brabant, 15
ra, S, Brussels, 75 N. N, W, Namur, Lon, 5° Iff
E, Lat 50° 35' N, Pop, 6,600,
Nivemais, formerly a province in the interior
of France, The greater part of it is now compre
hended in the department of the Nievre,
Niviano, t Italy, duchy of Parma, 8 ra, S, Pia
cenza. Niurunda, i . Sweden, which falls into the gulf
of Bothnia, 5 m. S, SundswaU,
Niwnits, t. Austrian states, in Moravia, 3 m, S,
Uugariach-Brod, Pop, 1,300.
Nixdarf, or Great Nilcokdorf, t, Boheraia, 27 m,
E, N, E, Dresden. Pop. 4,000,
Nixon's, p-v, Marion co, Misaissippi,
Nixonton, t Pasquotank co, N, C, on Little
River, which runa into Alberaarle aound 28 m, N,
E. Edenton.
Niza, t. Portugai,,in Alentejo, near the Tagua,
16 m. N. N. W. Portalegre, Pop. 1,900.
Nizampatom, t. India, in Northern Circars,
Lon, 80° 35 E, Lat, 15° 56' N,
Nissa della S^agUo, t, Sardinian atates, in Mont
ferrat, 33 m, N, W, Genoa, 40 S. E, Turin, Pop,
5,PP0, ,ftro, or ./Vo-,/4mn»on, in Sac, Geog^ See Thebes.
Noacole, valley. Hind, in Nepaul, about 28° N,
lat, Noacote, the capital, ia in lbn, 85° 30' E, Ut,
27°4ffN, .
Noole. See Novate.
,. Noariagur, diatrict. Hind, in Gujerat, on the S,
side ofthe gulf of Cutch. Noanagur, the capital,
is in lon. 70° 15' E. lat. 22° 2ff N.
. - - iNoanfima, San Joseph de, settlement. New Gran
ada, on the river St Juan, 170 m, N, Popayan,
Lon, 76° 4ff W, Lat, 5° 15' N.
... Abi, in Sac, Geog,,t, Palestine, not far from Je
ruaalem,
, JVoJa, isl.'in the Eaatern aeaa, near the W. coaat
of Aroo, Lon, 135° IffE, Lat,,5»o S,
NobleborBugh,^^t. Lincoln oo. Maine, 16 ta. N. N,

522.

N O I

N O O

E, Wiscasset, 174 N, E, Boaton, Pop, 1,206, It
haa a brisk trade in lumber,
Noee, t. France, in Orne, 30 m, E, Alencon, Pop,
1,200. Nocera, t Italy, in the States of the Church, 5
m, S. W, Ancona, Pop, 1,000, It is the see of a
bishop, Nocera della Pagani, t, Naplea, in the Principato
Citra, on Uie river Samo, 20 ra, E, S, E, Naples',
Pop, 6,800.
Naceta, t. Naplea, in Calabria Citra, 20 ra, S, S,
W, Cosenza, Pop, 2,900-
Nochizttan, t. Mexico, in Oaxaca, 155 m, E, by
S, Mexico. Lon. 97° Sff W., Lat 17° 14' N.
Nocor, r. Morocco, whicfa falls into the Mediter
ranean in lat, 35° 15' N.
Noddle's Island, small isl, in Boston harbour.
Mass, 2 m. E. N, E. of the town, on the Chelsea
shore. On this island is Fort Strong.
Noesa Barony isl, near the S. coast of Java, 25
miles in circuraference, Lon. 113" 20' E, Lat 8°
2ff S.
Noesa Cambas, or Pulo Cannibas, isl, near the
S, coast of Java, about 45 railes in circumference,
Lon. 109" E, Lat 7° 42' S.
Noesa Cambo, small ial, inthe Eastern seas, Lon,
117° E. Lat5°2ff S.
Noesa Looer, small isl, near the S, coast of Ce
ram. Lon. 129° IffE. Lat. 3° 34' S.
Noesa Nessing, small isl. near the N, coast of
Timor, Lon. 126° Sff E. Lat 8° 9' S.
'Noesa Pinnos, shoals in the Eastern seas. Lon.
128" 2'E. Lat 5° 12' S,
Noesa Seras, 4 sraall islands in tfae Eaatern seas,
Lon. 116° .5ff E. Lat. 5° 15' S.
Nagorcote, t. Hind, in Nepaul, 60 m. from Ca
lamandoo. . Lon. 86° 5' E. Lat. 28" 2' N.
Nogaro, t. France, in Gers, 21 ra. S, Condom,
Pop, 1,350,
Nogat, r. Prussia, which branches off frora the
VistulEi, andjoins the Frische Haf, 6 m. N. Elbing,
forming the island of Nogat.
Nogtnt VArtand, I, France, in Aisne, on the
Marne, 6 m. S. Chateau Thierry. Pop. 1,100.
Nogent le Bernard, t. France, in Sarthe, 18 m,
N. N. E. Le Mans. Pop. 2,300.
Nogent le Roi, t. France, in Marne, 12 m, N,
Chartres,, Pop. 2,000.
Nogent le Rotrou, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir,
27 ra- S; W. Chartres, 26 N. W. Chateaudun. Pop.
6,600, Jfagent Roulebois, t. France, in Eure-and-Loir,
Pop. 1,300.
Jfagent sur Mame, t France, on the Marne, 6
m, S. Paris. Pop, 1,200.
Nogent sur Seine, t. France, in Aube, on the
Seine, whicfa faere becomes navigable. Pop. 3,200,
It was tfae scene of actions between tfae French
and allies, on 9th and 10th February 1814. 29 m,
N. W. Troyes.
Nagong, t Bengal, Lon, 88" Sff E, Lat, 24° 4ff N.
Noguerra Ribagq.rca?ia, sind Pallaresa, 2 rivera,
Spain, which f^iH .into the Segre. The Pallaresa
forms the boundary between Arragon and Catalo
nia, NpiOj t. Naples, 9m, S, by E. Bari,
Noir, Cape, cape on the S, coast of the island of
Milo, Lon, 24" 22' E,- Lat, 36" 47' N,
Noir, Cape, capo on the W, coast of Terra del
Fuego, Lon, 73" 33' W, Lat, 54" Sff S,
Noir, Cape, cape, Lower Cau'dda, on the N, aide
of Chaleur bay, 7 leaguea W. N. W, Bonaven-
tur>^

Noite Elable, t, Frahce, 23 m, W, IVIontfcrison.
Pop, 1,900.
Noii-moutiers, ial, France, belonging to the de
partment of La Vendee, Extent, 79 square miles.
Pop. 5,500, Lon. 2" 14' 17" W. Lat. 47"ff 5" N.
Noissy le Sec, v. France, 4 ra, E. Paris, s Pop,
1,000, Noix, Isle ou. See Isle aux Noix.
Noizay, I, France, in Indre-and-Loire, 6 m, N,
W, Amboise, Pop, 1,200,
Nofa, t. Naplea, in the BasiUcata, 15 m. S, W,
Turai, 40 E, S. E. PoUcastro. Pop, 4,000.
Nolo, t. Naplea, in the Terra di Lavoro. Pop.
8,400. It ia the aee ofa bishop, II is of conside
rable antiquity, and is remarkable as the place
where Augustus died. It is also said to be the
place ofthe invention and first use of bells. l6 m.
E. by N, Naples.
Nolachucky, r. Tennessee, which runs inin
French Broad river, 26 ra, frora Holston river.
Noland's Ferry, p-v. Loudon co, Va.
Nalay, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 10 m, S, Vf.
Beaume, 14 S. E. Amay le Due. Pop. 2,000.
Noli, t. Sardinian states, on the sea coast, 30
ra. S, vV. Genoa. Pop. 800. It is the see Ofa
bishop. Noli, Cape, cape, Italy, ou the Genoese eoasb
Lon. 8" 27' E. Lat. 44° Iff N.
Nalin's Creek, i. Kentucky, which rans into
Green river.
Nolkndorf, v. Boheraia, 22 m. S. by E. Dres
den, Nomaes, or JVomao, t Portugal, in Beira, 6 mj
S, E. St. Joao de Pesqueira,
No-Man' s-Land, smaU isl. Mass, a UtUe to the
S, W, of Martha's Vineyard, It belongs to Duke's
county, Massachusetts. Lon. 71" 5' W. Lat 41°
Iff -\,
Nombre de Dios, t. Mexico, in Durango, 17Q m.
N. Guadalaxara. Lon, 103° 7' W. Laf 24° N.
Pop. 6,800,
Nombre de Dios, t Darien, at the bottom of a
bay lo which it givea name. 30 m. E, Porto Bel
lo. Lon, 79° 35' W. Lat 9° 36° N.
Nomeny, t. France, in Meurthe, 14 m. N. Nan
cy. Pop. 1,400.
Nona, t Austrian states, in Dalmatia. It was
formerly a city, called Onona or Ononum ; but is
now completely decaved. 7 m. N, E, Zaia, 20 iV.
W, Scardona, Lon. 15°3S'E, Lat55°2ffN,
Nanancourt, t. France, in Eure, 12 m, S, Ver-
neuil. Pop. 1,400,
Nanontola, t. Italy, 8 m. N. W. Modena,
None, t Piedmont, 12 ra, S, W. Turin. Pop,
2,100. None S. Dalmasso, t. Piedraont, 15 m, N. E.
Pignerolo. Pop. 2,100.
Nonesuch, r. Curaberland co. Maine, which
runs into the sea al Scarborough.
Nonesuch, harbour on the E. end of the island
of Antigua. Lon. 61° 23' W. Lat 43" Sff N.
.Yono, Cape, promontory on the W. coast of the
island of Ivica, Lon, 1" 17' E. Lat. 39° ff N.
Nontron, t France, in Dordogne, 21 m. N. Pe
rigueux. Pop. 2,300,
No7iura, small isl. off the coast of Peru, Lat
5"4ffS, Nooga, r, E, Africa, whicfa falls into the Indian
sea, in lat 28° 30' S„
Nooheeva, or Federal Island, one of the Ingra
ham islanda, in the Pacific, Lon, 140° 6' VV, Lat;
8°5ff 3, . , -'¦''¦'¦'
Noeldroogh, district. Hind, iu Bejapore. Nool-

NOR
droog, the capital, is in lon. 76° 37' E. Lat 17°
42'N. JVbon, See Nun.
Naantal, district. Hind, in Cashraeer, about 35°
N. lat
Noafabati t Hind, in Agra, Lon, 78° 6' E,
Lat 26° 25' N,
Noordbrotk, v. Netherlanda, 14 m, E, Gronin
gen. Pop. 1,300.
Noordwolde, v. Netherlands, 4 m, N. Gronin
gen, Pop, 1,000,
Noordwyk, v. Netherlanda, in North Holland, 6
m, N. by W, Leyden. Pop, 1,700,
Noorgool, district, Hind, in Bejapore, between
16°>and 17" N. lat. It belongs to the Mahrattas.
¦ Noomagur, t Bengal, Lon. 91° 5' E. Lat 23°
45' v.
Noorpeely, t. Hind, in Orissa, 20 m, N, Jugger
nauth. JVoorpoor, t. BengEd, on the N. side of the Gan
ges, 26 m, S. Dacca,
JVoorrt, t. Hind, in Sinde, Lat 25° 8' N,
Nootka Sound, bay of tfae Pacific ocean, on the
N, W. coast of AmericEi, discovered by captain
Cook, in 1778. The entrance is in the E, cor
ner of Hope bay, in lat 49° 33' N. lon. 233° 12'
E, between two rocky points, that lie E, S. E and
W. N, W. from each other, distant between 3 and
4iiiiles, ¦ Within these points, the aound widens
considerably, and extends in, to the northward, 4
ISigues, The harbors and anchoring places with
in its circuit are nuraerous. The cliraate, ac
cording lo captain Cook, is railder than that on
the east coast of AraericEi, under the same paral
lel -of latitude. The chief eraployment of the na
tives seems to be that of fishing, and killing land or
sea animals. In the year 1786, an association of
British merchants formed a sraall settleraent here,
for'the purpose of obtaining furs ; bul the settle
ment was seized by the Spaniards in 1789,
Napdn. See Christianople.
Noquet's Bay, bay, Michigan Territory, on the
N^ W. coast of lake Michigan. Il is 45 miles long,
and 18 wide. Lon. 86° 20' W, Lat, 45" 25' N.
JVbra, t Sweden, in Weslermanland, 28 m, N.
N. W. Upsal.
Norburg, or Nordburg, s-p. Denraark, in the
island of Alaen. Il has a castle. Lon, 9" 45' 52"
E. Lat 55° 3' S3" N, Pop, 900.
Narcia, t. Italy, in the States ofthe Church, 70
ra. N, N, E. Rome, Pop. 4,000.
Norden, t. Hanover, in East Friesland, 2 m.
from the North sea, IS N. Embden. Pop. 3,100.
Nbrdenburg, t. Esist Pruaaia, 55 m. S. S. E. Ko
nigsberg. Pop, 1,800,
Nordemey, ial, Hanover, on the coaat of EeisI
Friealand, 7 miles in circumference, Lon, 7° 7'
41'' E. Lat 53° 47' 2ff' N, Pop. 1,000.
Nordgou, a division of Germany, which in the
nliddle agea weis extensive, bul at preaent is con
fined to the external part of the principality of
Neuburg, or the district between Bavaria proper
and the upper palatinate. See Neuburg.
• Nordhalben, t. Bavarian atates, 39 m,' N. N. E.
Bamberg, 17 VV. N, W.HOf. ' Pop, 1,000,
iNordhausen, t. Prusaian Saxony, in the govern
ment of Erfurt, on the Zorge, It is fortified with
a' wall, flanked with towers, and contains one
Catholic and seven Lutheran churches', an or
phan house, three hospitals, and 9,000 inhabitants.
The chief occupation of the tatter consists in the
distillation and sale of spirits, 37 m. E, Got
tingen. .i-iSii'' •¦ . . .

NOR

523

Nordheim, t. Bavarian atates, Tm. ^*. Bischoffa-
heim. Pop. 800.
Nordheim, t. Hanover, al the confluence of the
Ruhmeand Uie Leine, 12 ra. N. by E. Gottingen.
Pop, 3,100.
Nordkoping, Norkoping, or Nardkioping,t. Swe
den, 'in East Gothland, on the Motala, between
Nykoping and Linkoping, It is well situated for
trade, 76 ra, S, W, Stockholm, Lon. 16" 11' E. '
Lat. 58" Sff N. Pop, 9,000,
Nordland. See fCorrland.
Nord-libre. See Conde.
Nordlingen, t. Bavaria, 36 m. N, N. W. Auga- ,
burg, 36 N.N. E. Uira, Lon, 10°2ffE, Lat 48°
N, Pop. 5,800,
Nordmaling, I. Sweden, in Angermannland, on
the gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 19° 24' E, Lat, 63"
34' N,
Nordslrand, isl. Denmark, on the W, side of the
duchy of Sleswick, It was formerly of consider
able size, bul has suffered much by inundations,
particularly by the sudden and dreadful one of
1634, when above 1,300 housea, and 6,000 persons,
with 50,000 head of cattie, were swept away,
Lon, 8" 4ff E, Lat, 54° 37' N, Pop, 2,500,
Nore, a noted part of the river Thames, Eng.
situated off Sheerneas, at the point of a ssmd-bank '
which runs eastward from the isle of Grain, On
this bank a floating light is now fixed, Lon. 0° 44'
E, Lat, 51" 27' N.
Nore, r. Ireland, which runs into tfae BEu-row,
2 ra. N. New Ross.
Nore, Black, cape, Eng. at the mouth of the
Severn, Noreinberg, t Prussia, in Poraerania, 20 m, N, E.
Stargard, Pop. 900.
Norfco, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Catalonia,
Loh, 3" 7' E, Lat, 42° 16' N.
Norfolk, CO, Eng. on the E, coast, bounded N.
and N. E, by the German ocean, S, and S. E, by
Suffolk, and W, by Cambridgeahire, by part- Of
Lincoln, and by the Wasfaea, It contains 2,013
sq. miles, or 1,288,000 acres, with about 150 in
habitants to each mile. Pop. in 1811, 292,000.
Norfolk faas been long faraed for ita Eigriculture,
which forms the chief business of the inhabitants.
The greater part of the lands, at least two-thirds
of the whole county, are arable, and kept iu a"
state of tillage. The raising ofgrain for exporta
tion forms by far the principal object with the
famier. Norfolk, CO. London district. Up. Canada, on
Lake Erie,
Norfolk, CO. ^'tass, bounded N, by Middlesex co.
E. by Boston harbour, S. by Plymouth and Bristol
CO, and W, by Rhode laland and Worcester co.
Pop. 31,245. Chief town; Dedhara.
Norfolk, p-t Litchfield co, Ct 35 m. N, W,
Hartford. Pop. 1,441. Here are manufactoriea'
of iron,
Norfolk, CO. in the S. E. part of Va. on Chesa
peake bay, bounded N, by James river. Pop,
13,679. Slaves, 5,647. Chief towns, Norfolk and
Portsmouth. Norfolk, borough, and port of entry, Norfolk co.
Virginia, on the E. side of Elizabeth river, just
below the confluence of its' two branches, and 8
railes above its entrance into Hampton roads, 114
m, E, S, E, Richmond, 229 S. S.E, .Washington
city, Lon,76°2ffW, Lat 36° SffN. Pop. 9,19.3.
ll cdnlains a theatre, 3 banks, including a branch
of the U. S. bank, an'acfid^my, a marine hospital,
orphan asylum, LEncasteriaii scliool, athenajum.

524

NOR

and 6 houses of public worship, 2 for Baptists, and
1 eacfa for Episcopalians, Presbyterians, Roraan
CathoUca, and Methodiats, The situation ia low,
and in some places marshy. The principal streets
are paved and well lighted ; but the houaes are not
remarkable for elegance.
The harbour of Norfolk is aafe and comraodioua,
and aufficienUy apacioua to contain 300 ships, and
deep enough for the largest vessels. It is defend
ed by aeveral forts ;- one of which is on Craney
island, 5 miles below the town, near the mOuth of
Elizabeth river. The comraissioners who were
appointed by the U. S. to survey the lower part of
Chesapeake bay in 1818, reported that Harapton
roads could be so fortified aa lo prevent the en
trance of any hostile fleet,
Norfolk has more foreign commerce than any
town in Virginia, and in 1815, owned raore ship
ping than any place in the U, Statea soutfa of Bal
timore, except Charleston, Ths araount of ship
ping in 1815, was 34,705 tons, A canal proceeds
frora the S, branch of Elizabeth river, 9 miles
above Norfolk, througfa Disraal Swamp, to Albe
marle Sound. By means of this canal, the pro-
¦ duceof a large aection of North CaroUna ia brought
to the Norfolk market
Norfolk Bay, a deep bay on the E. coaat of Van
Dieman's Land.
Norfolk Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about
15 miles in circumference, discovered by captain
Cook in 1774, who found it uninhabited. It has
been used aa aplace of baniahment for refractory
convicta from Botany Bay. Lon. 168° 10' E. Lat.
29° ff S.
Norfolk Sound, bay, on tfae W. coast of King
George the Third's archipelago; between Cape
Sldgedombe on the N. and Point Woodbouse on
theS. Lon. 224°5ffE. Lat 66° 46, N.
Narham, t Eng, in Norharashire, Durhara co,
6 m, S, W, Berwick-upon-Tweed. Pop, 781,
Norhamshire, district, Eng. at the N, E. extrem
ity of the kingdom, forraing a detached part of the
county of Durhara, and lying between Northum
berland and the river Tweed.
Norland, t. Eng. in YorkshirCj 2J m. S, W. Hal
ifax, Pop, 1,316,
Norman, Cape, on the W, coast of Newfound
land, on the gulf of St. Lawrence, 20 leagues frora
Cape Ferrol, Lon,55"5ffW. Lat 51° 39' N.
Normancrass, haralet, Eng. in the vicinity of
Stilton, Huntingdonshire. Here is a prison capa
ble of containing 10,000 ; and near it, barracks
for 2,000 aoldiera,
'^Normandy, forraerly a province and ancient
duchy of France, bounded by the English channel
on the N. and W, and Picardy on the E, and con
taining about 11,000 sq. miles. It is now divided
into the departments of Lower Seine, Eure, Orne,
calvadoa, and La Manche,'which contain togeth
er a population of 2,579,000,
Norman's Kill, dr Creek, r. Albany co, N, Y.
Which faUs into the Hudson, 2i m. S. Albany,
Nofndarf, t. Bavaria, 16 m. N, Augaburg, Pop,
800. Jforo, country. Central Africa, on the N, bank
bf the Niger, forming part of the territory Of
iflouaaa, Norona, isl. off the coast of Brazil, 70 leaguea
diatant Lat. 38° 31' S.
NarOy le Bourg, t. France, in Upper-Saone, 9
»,E, Ves6ul, Pop. 1,100,
J^orrent, t. France, in Pas-de-Calais, iS m, N,
W, Bethune. Pop, 1,200.

NOR
Norridgiiieae'k,p-t.. and cap, Somerset eo, Maiae,
on both aides of Kennebeck river, 35 m, W, by
N. HaUowell, 94 N, N. E, Portland, U containa
a court-house and jail, and a church for Congre
gationaliata, Here is a bridge across the river,
Norridgewofak ia a flourishing place, and has most
ofthe trade ofthe back country,
Norriestan, v, Scotland, in Perthshire, 10 m, W.
Stiriing, Pop. 600,
Norriston, p-t, and ca'J). Montgomery co. Pa, on
the N, side of the Schuylkill, Il containa a court-
houae, a bank, and an academyj'. 17 m. N, W.
Philadelphia, Pop, 1,336, It was the residence
of Dr. Rittenhouse, the phflosopher and philau-
thropist - . IM
Norrkaping. See Nordkoping.
Norrland, or Nordland, a maritime province of
Norway, lying between Drontheim on the S, and
Finmark, or Norwegian Lapland,' on the N, It
extends from 66° to 70° N, lat containing 46,000
sq. railes,
Norrland, or Nordland, the raoat northem ofthe
three great divisions of Sweden, comprising the
seven provincea of Gestricia, Helsinglaiiid,vHer|e-
dalcn, Medelpad, Jamptland, Angermannland, and
West Bothnia. It extends from 60° to 65° N.'laL
and contains 90,000 sq, miles, but not more than
170,000 inhabitants,
Norrland, West. See Hernosand. 't
Norrtelge, s-p, Sweden, on the Baltic, in Up
land, Lon, 18° 30' E. Lat 69° 45' 45" N, Pop,
about 1,000, eraployed chiefly in fiahing and the
coaating trade,
Nort, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 15 m, N,
Nanle.s, Pop, 3,200,
Norte, Rio Bravo del, r. Mexico, which rises'in
the Rocky mountains, near the source of the Ar-
: fcansaw, in about lat 41° N, and lon. Ill" W. It
runs S. S. E. and falls into the gulf of Mexico, in
lon, 96" 40' W. lat 26° N. after a course of 2,000
rafles, 11 cannot in any part be termed a naviga
ble stream, owing to the aand bara in the flat coun
try, and the raountains in the upper part, by which
its course is interrupted,
Norte, cape, South America, at the enhance
into Uie river .\mazons, Lon, 49° 4ff W, Lat 1
4ff 30" N, '
A''orth, a department in the N, E. of France,
forming more than half the Hue of French fton-
tier towards Uie Netherlanda, Extent, 2,320sq.
railes. Pop. 839,833. The face ofthe country is
level, and the soil highly productive in aU kind3.of
corn, as well aa in flax, tobacco, and hops. Ag
riculture is conducted here on a more improved
•plan than iu any other parts of Frsrace. 'The
manufacturing establishments are very extenswfc.
North, t: Harrison co- Ohio, 8 m, N, Cadiz,
North Adams, p-v, Berkshire co, Mass. -
Northal, or Northaw, i. . Eng. in Hertfordshire,
4i m, N. E. Chipping Barnet, Pop, 465, ' '
Northallerton, borough t Eng, in Yorkshire, on
the great rnad frora London to Edinburgh, 30 m,
N, W, York, Lon, 1° 27' W, Lat 54° 2ff Ni Pop,
2,234, ' :."'*
Northa}n. v. Eng, 2 m, frora Southampton,'.
North Armenia, p-v, Dutchess co, N, Y.'- '
Northamptonico. Eng, bounded N. by Leicester,
RuUand, and Lincoln; E. and S, by Cambridge,
Huntingdon, Bedford, Buckingham, and part ol
Oxford; and W, by Oxford and Warwick, Ucon-
tains 965 sq, miles, or about 618,000 aorfes, and
141,353 inhabitants, U ia i fine and pleasant

NOR

NOR

525

county, aud noted for the number of mansions and
country aeata which it containa.
Northampton, t Eng. and cap. of Northampton
CO. on the N. hank of the Nen. The principal
manufactures are those of boots and shoes, princi-
SaUy for exportation; smd of lace. It is a great
loroughfEU-e, both on the N. and W. Roads. The
horse market here -was formerly esteemed the
greateat in the kingdom. It aends two membera
to parliament 66 m. N. W. London. Lon. 0° 44'
W. Lat 52° 14' N. Pop. in 1811, 8,427.
Northampton, t. York co. New Brunawick, on
the W. side of St. John'a river.
Northampton, t RockingfaEun co. N. H. on the
coast, 7 m. S. W. Portsmouth. Pop. 651.
Northampton, ^-t and cap. Hampshire co. Masa.
"very pleaaantiy situated on the W. bank of Con
necticut river, in the midst of a beautiful country,
18 m. N. Springfield, 42 N. Hartford, 97 W. Bos
ton. < Pop. 2,631. 'The viUage contains a hand
aorae court-house, a jail, au elegant and apacioua
Congregational meeting-houae, a beuik, insurance
office, a printing office, from which ia iaaued a
weeWy newapaper. Here are two tanneriea, 2
woollen manufactories, and several other manu
facturing eatablishmenta. The meadows on Con
necticut river at thia place are very extenaive and
fertfle. The surrounding scenery is roraantic
and bsautiful ; and from Mount Holyoke, in the
immediate vicinity, there is one of ttie moat ex
tensive prospects in New England.
Northampton, p-t Montgomery co. N. Y. 17 m.
N. E. Johnstown, 50 N.W. .Albany. Pop, 1,474.
Northampton, t. BurUngton co. N. J. 7 m. S. E.
BurUngton. Pop. 4,171. In this town is Mount
Holly. . Northampton, co. Pa, on Delaware river. It is
watered by the Lehigh. Pop. 38,145. Chief
town, Easton.
Northampton, p-t Lehigh co. Pa. Pop. 710.
. Northampton, t. Bucks co. Pei. Pop. 1,176.
Northampton, co. on the eaatern shore of Va. at
the entrance into Chesapeake bay. Pop. 7,474.
Staves, 3,350. At the courtrhouse is a poat-
office. ...
Northampton, co, in the N, part of N, C, Pop,
13,087, including 7,258 slaves. At tfae court-house
is a posf-offiCe,
Northampton, p-t Portage co, Ohio, 15 m, W,
Ravenna, ,-
Northap,X. Wales, in Flintshire, 3 ra, S, FUnt,
201 N, W. London, Lon, 3° 7' W, LatS3°12rN,
Pop, 2,542.
North Bend, p-v. Haraflton co. Ohio, on the riv
er Ohio, 15 m. below Cincinnati, 6 above the
boundary ofthe state.
NorthBenton, p-v. Ontario co. N. Y.
North Beveland. See Beveland.
Northboraugh, p-t. Worceater co. Masa. 11 m.
E. Worceater, 33 W. Boston. Pop. 794.
Northbridge, p-t. Worceater co. 12 m. S. E,
Worceater, 46 S, W, Boaton, Pop, 713,
North Broolfield, U- Worceater co, Maas. for
merly the second parish of Brookfield,
North, Cope, cape on the N, coast of Ireland,
Lon, 8° 66' W, Lat 66° 16' N,
,'f North, Cope, the N,pointof the island of Mage
roe, on the coast of Norway. Lon. 25° 0' 45" E.
Lat 71° 11' 30" N. .¦ ; . , . ,
....North, Cape, the N. cape on the coast of Bra-
fziL Lou, 56°6'W. Latl°48'N.
• Norlhy€ape,:the N. ,part.of ;the irfand of , St

John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence. Lon, 63° 55'
W, Lat 47° N,
North, Cape, the N, E, point of the ialand of
Cape Breton, Lon, 60° 12' W. Lat 47° 2' N,
Nortli, Cape, the N, extremity of New Zealand.
Lon, 186° 66' W, Lat 34° 22' S,
North Castk, p-t Westcheater co, N, Y, 33 m.
N, E, New York, Pop, 1,366,
.North Coasts, department of. See Cotes du
Nord. North-east, p-t, Ducheas co, N, Y, 24 m, N, E.
Poughkeepaie, Pop, 3,441, It containa 6 housea
for public worship.
North-east, p-v. Erie co. Pa,
North-east, r. CecU co, Md, which flowa into the
Chesapeake, 6 m, S, E, Charleatown,
Northend, p-v, Matthewa co, Va,
North Ferry, or North Queensferry, v, Scotland,
in Fifeahire, on the N, ahore of the ifrith,of Forth,
oppoaite the royal burgh of Queensferry, 6 m, S.
Dunfermline. Pop. 300.
Northfield, t. Washington co, Vt Pop, 426.
Northfidd, t. Rockingham co, N, H, on the Mer
rimack, 14 m, N, Concord, Pop, 1,067,
Northfidd, p-t Franklin co, MEisa. on both aides
of Connecticut river, 8 ra, N, Greenfield, Pop,
in 1819, 1,360, On the E, bank of the river is a
handaorae villEige,
Northfield, p-t Richmond co, N, Y, on the N,W.
B^rt of Staten laland, 6 m, W, Southfield. Pop.
1,696. It haa 3 churchea.
Northfield, t. Essex co, (N, J,) N, W, Newark,
Narthfard, p-t. New Haven co, Ct, 10 m, N, E.
New Haven.
North Foreland. See Foreland.
North Gasconade, t Franklin co. Misaouri.
North Haven, t New Haven co, Ct, 7 m, N.
New Haven,
North Hempstead, p-t and cap, Queen'a co. N.
Y. on Long laland sound, 20 m. E. New York.
Pop. 2,750, In this town is HEu-borhill, the higheat
land on Long Island, It is 405 feet above the level
of the sea.
North Hero, p-t, and cap. Grand iale co, Vt, on
Grand isle in Lake Champlain, 26 m, N, BurUng
ton, Pop, 552,
North KiUingworth, p-v. Middleaex co, Ct,
North Island, small isl, in tfae Pacific, in Dixon's
entrance, Lon. 133° 10' W, Lat 54° 20' N,
• North Island, isl, at the raouth of the Great Pe
dee river, S, C, Lon,79°ffW, Lat,'33°2ffN.
North Island, sraall isl, near the E, entrance of
the atraita of Sunda, Lat, 5° 37' S,
North /stamt sraall ial, near the W, coast of Bor
neo, Lon-, 109°5'E, Lat 1° 22' S,
North Island, araall isl, near the S, coast of Ce
lebes, Lon, 120° 4ff E, Lat,6°38' S,
North Island, small isl, near the S, W. coast
of the island of Bouton, Lon, 122° 6ff E, Lat, 6"
SffS, North Island, ial, off the N, coast of New Hol
land, Lon, 137° 2' E, Lat 16° 30i' S,
'- North Key, smaU isl, in the bay of Honduras,
Lon. 87" 57' W. Lat 17° 24' N,
North Kingston, t Washington co, R. I, on Nar
raganset bay, .20 m, S, W, Providence, 12 N, W.
Newport Pop. 2,967. It has a number of ves
sels employed ini the fiaheriea, aud in the:CO£isting
trade. In this town ia the village of Wickford. •
J North Leach, t, Eng, in Glbucester, 26 m, E,
Gloucester, 82 W.. London, Lon, r48'W, Lat,
51° 50' N. Pop. 647,

S26

NOR

North Mountain,a ridge of the AUeghany moun
tains in the U, S, which extends through Franklin
and Cumberland countiea, Pennaylvania,
North Mountain Creek, r. Miaaouri Territory,
which runa into the Miasouri, 239 m, bejow the
Falls, II ia 30 yards wide.
North Norwich, p-v, Chenango co, N, Y, on the
¦Vy. aide ofthe Patiicket
Northorn, t. Hanover, 8 ra, N, Bentheira, Pop.
900. North Paint Islet, araall ial, off the N, coast of
New-Holland, Lon, 136° 4ff E, Lat 13° 37' S,
Northport, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on Penob-
scotbay, 14 m. N, W. Castine. Pop. '780.
North Portland, t. Somerset co. Maine, 22 m. N.
W. Norridgewock,
North Providence, t. Providence co. R. I. 4 m.
N. of Providence. Fop. 1,768. Including Patuck
et, it contains 3 churches, 2 for Baptists, and 1 for
Episcopalians, 2 academies, and a bank. North
Providence ia diatinguished for its manufactures.
See Pawtucket.
North Reef, reef on tfae coast of Hispaniola. Lon.
69°12'W. Lat 33° N.
Narthringlon, t. Hartford co. Ct
North River, r. Lower Canada, which discharg
es itself into the Ottawa, 4 m, below the great
falls. North River, r. Maas. which runs into Massa
chusetts bay between iScituate and Marshfield.
It ia navigable 18 miles to Pembroke for vessels of
300 tons, and for bofits to the falls, within S miles
of the aource of Taunton river. .
J^orth River, Va. See Colfpasture.
North Salem, t Weat Chester co, N. Y, 8 ra, N,
Bedford^ 53 fr. New York. Pop. 1,204. It con
tains an academy and 3 or 4 churches.
North Sea. See German Ocean.
North Scipio, p-v. Cayuga co. N. Y.
North Sound Paint, cape of the island of Anti
gua, Lon, 61° 27' W. Lat 17" IffN.
North Stonington, p-t New-London co, Ct. 50
m. S. E, Hartford. Pop, 2,524, ll contains 4
churches. North Vineyard, t Somerset co. Maine, 15 m.
W. Norridgewock.
Northurnberland, au extensive county, Eng. on
the borders of Scotland, bounded by the German
oceEin on the E. by Scotiand on the N. and N. W ;
by Cumberland on the )N. 'and Durham on tfae S.
It contains about 1,850 square railes, or 1,184,000
acres. Pop. 172,161. Along the sea coast the
face of the country is nearly level. The western
part is an open mountainous district < North
uraberland is distinguished for its agriculture;
but its mineral riches have chiefly raised it to its
present rank and importance. Here is situated ,
the greatest coal district in the world, which haa
continued for centuries to supply the vast eon-
sumption of the metropolis, of the whole eastern
aud aouthern coasts of the island, and of a great
part of the continent It yields also lead in such
abundance as almost to equal the supply from
all the rest of Europe. The lead diatrict is parUy
in Northuraberland, partly in Durham, and partly
in Curaberland, Between ,1803 and 1810, tho
greateat quantity of lead shipped in any one year
althe .port of Newcastle, was 10,35S tons, the
least 3,91 1, the average being about 7,000,
Northumberland, co. Lower Canada, on the N,
side of the Sl, Lawrence, extei^ding frora Ilarap-
shire 00, eastward to Labrador, ; ,

NOR
Norlkumberland,,t. Coos co, N, H, on Connecti
cut river, 90 m. N. Concord.
Northumberland, p-t Saratoga co. N. Y. on the
Hudson, 11 m, N, E, BaUston-Spa, 44 N, Albany.
Pop. 2,041.
Northumberland, co. Pa, bounded N, by Lyco
ming co, E.by Luzerne co, S, by Berks, Dau-
phine, and Mifflin countiea, and W. by Centre co.
It is watered by both branches of the Susquehan
nah, Pop. 36,327, Chief town, Sunburyi
Northumberland, p-t, Northumberlanct co. Ea,,
Pop, 627,
Northumberland, co. Va, on the S. side of the
Potoraac, at its entrance into Chesapesik bay.
Pop, 8,308, Slaves, 3,847, At the court-houae is
a post-office, ,
Northumberland, Cape, rocky projection on the,
S, coast of New HoUand, Lon, 140" 374' E, Lat.
38° 2' S,
Northumberland Islands, islanda near the N. E,
coast of New Holland, Lon. 149° 47' to 150° 37'
E, Lat 21" 32' to 22" S,
Northumberland Straits, channel of the Eastem
seas, between the ialands of Calaraianea and Uie
shoEila of Apo,
NorthJVest river bridge, p-v. Norfolk co. Va.
North West Territory, a territory of the U. S,
bounded N. by the boundary line between, the U,
States Eind the British possessions ; E. by Michigan
Territory ; S. by the Sta.te of lUinois, Emd W. by
the Miaaissippi. It extenda from lat, 42° 30' to
49° N, and contains about 140,000 square miles.
This iraraensf tract of country has but two settle
ments ; one at the head of Green Bay, where fort
Howard stands; the other at thev junction of the
Ouiscousin with the Mississippi, caUed Prairie du/
Chien, where fort Crawford stands. Both these
places have railitary garrisons. The rest of the.
country is possessed exclusively by the Indians.
This Territory has been very imperfecUy ex
plored; bul the alluvial bottoms on its rivers,
wherever they have been examined, are said to be
as rich as those of Ohio and Michigan. , The mostsi
reraarkable vegetable production is the wild rice,K
a productive and highly valuable aquatic plant,,
with which the lEikes, rivers, and bays of this Ter
ritory generally abound. Il grows in water of from t:
4 to ¦? feet deep. When it is ripe the Indians pass
through il in Uieir canoes, Uned with blanketajn
and bending the staUcs over the sides, beat off the
grain with sticks ; and such is the abundance of
the harvest, that an expert IndiEm -wiU soon fiU a
canoe. But the most vEduable productiona of Uiis Ter
ritory are its raineral treasures. Near Prairie du
Chien, are Dubuque's lead mines, considered the
richest yel found in the U, States, They occupy
a district 27 leagues long, and from 1 to 3 broad.
They are still in the possession of Uie Indians, by
whora they Eire worked in a very imperfect niani-
ner. They were formerly -wrought by M, Du
buque, under the authority of a Spanish grant,
and yielded from 20 lo 40,000 pounds of lead pef
annura. The crude ore yields 75 per cent of me
tallic lead. On the south shore of lake Superior, =
large masses of pure copper have beensfouud, es
pecially on the banks oftlie Ontauagou river. The
Indians used to manufacture it into spoons and
bracelets. In the perfect state in -which they
found it, they had nothing to do but to beat it into,
shape. The gxistenoe of these copper mines has
herctofoiT heen doi»bted, but th,e.,aecouuts of the

NOR
first travellers have recentiy been confirmed by
numerous unexceptionable -witnesses, and compa
nies will doubtless soon be forhied to work them
on a large scale. For account of Indians, see Ap
pendix. Northwood, t Rockinghara co, N. H. 20 m. E.
Concord, 27 W. N. W. Portsmouth. Pop, 1,096,
JVqr/A Yarmouth, p-t. Cumberland co. Maine,
on Casco bay, 12 m. N, PorUand, Pop, 3,295,
Norton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 9 ra, N, by W.
Doncaster. Pop, 558,
Norton, t Eng, in Herefordshire, 3 m, N. E.
Broni Yard. Pop. 633.
Norton, t. Essex co. Vt. 75 m. N. E. MontpeUer.
Norton, p-t Bristol co. Mass. 8 ra. N, N, W,
Taunton, 36 S. W, Boston, Pop. 1,698, Here ia
a large nail factory.
Norton, p-t, Delaware co, Ohio, '34 m. N, Co
lumbus, Norton Sound, a large bay on the N. W, coast
of America, diacovered by Capt. Cook in 1778,
which extends lo the N. as far as lat 64° 55',
Norunga, t. Hind, in Bahar. Lon, 84° 10' E,
Lat. 24° 4ff N,
Narwolk, p-t, Fairfield co, Ct. on Long Island
sound, 45 ra. N. E. New York, 31 S. W, New Ha
ven. Pop, 2,983, 11 containa a printing office, an
academy, and 3 churches, 1 for Congregational
ists, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists, It
owns sorae shipping, employed in the cosisting
trade, A newspaper is published here,
Narwolk, t. and cap, Huron co, Ohio, 10 m, S,
Lake Erie, 115 N. Colurabus.
Norwolk Islands, small islands in Long Island
sound, near the coast of Connecticut. Lon. 72° 22'
W. Lat 41° 4'N.
Norway, an extensive kingdora of the nortfa of
Europe, united in 1815 to Sweden. It extenda
frora the Naze, in N. lat. 67° 68' to the Nortfa Cape,
in lat 71° 11' 30" N. It is bounded E. by Sweden
and Swediah Laplsmd ; W, by the Gerraan and
Northern oceans; and S. by the narrow sea,
forming the entrance to the Sound and Baltic. It
ia, divided into four governmenta or dioceaea, viz.
Aggerhuua, Christiansand, Bergen, and Dron
theim, The last ia succeeded by Norrland, also
a long narrow province ; and the whole is termi
nated by Finmark or Norwegian Lapland, a
dreary and inhospitable region, forraing the north
ern extremity of Europe. The extent and popu
lation of these provinces are as follows :
Extent in
Divisions. English sq. Population.
miles.
37,327 14,87714,356
22,858

NOR

527

Christiansand Bergen Drontheira Norrland and
Finraark

71,582

390,000 140,000160,000 170,000 80,000

Pap.
onasq. mile. 10 10
10 8

Total 161,000 930,000 6
The aurface of Norway ia very uneven, pre
senting a succession of mountains and vallies ; the
former in general barren Emd uninhabited. Flax
and herap are raised in raany parta bf the coun
try ; Id others barley and oats. Still it ia compu
ted that not more than one-hundredth part of the
kingdom ia under tillage; and about 200,000 quar-
tera of grain are annually imported. The main
article of the export trade of Norway for many
Eigea has been its timber. Its mountains are cov
ered with forests of pine, ash, but in particular of
fir, which grows over almost all the country. Min

erals form another part ofthe wealth of this rugged
region. Theannual produce ofthe forges of Norway
has been coraputed at about 8,000 tons of iron. The
copper is of very superior quality ; and the chief
raines of il are at Rorjis. The ahipping belonging
to Norway amounts lo nearly 100,000 tons; thenum-
ber of seamen ialO,000. The fiaheriea Eire extensive,
and raay be considered, after tiraber and iron, the
chief support of the export trade. The revenue
of Norway is about 400,000i. sterling,, and the ex
penditure about tfae same. The army contains
10 or 12,000 men, and the navy is very sraall.
Norway formerly belonged to Denraark, but in
1812, the threatening expedition of Bonaparte'
against Russia induced that power and Great
Britain lo exert themselves to aecure the neutral
ity or alliance of Sweden. They accordingly atip-
ulaled for Sweden the conqueat and poasesaion of
Norway, and in conforraily with this agreement,
the Danish court was compelled to sigh on the l'4lh
January 1814, the treaty of Kiel, stipulating the
sacrifice of Norway for the very inadequate return
ol Swedish Pomerania and the ialand of Rugen.
The Norwegians, indignant at thia transfer, took
up arras ; but after a spirited resistEmce, an assem
bly convened at Christiana, agreed that Nor-way
should be permanently governed by the sarae king
as Sweden, but as an integral state, and -with the
preservation of its constitution and laws. It waa
declared a free, independent, and inalienable
kingdom, the s.uccessiontobe in the male Une, and
the reigning prince a Lutheran.
Norway, p-t, Oxford co. Maine, 8 m. S, W, Pa
ris, Pop. 1,010,
Norway, p-t, Herkiraer co, N, Y. 20 m, N, Her
kimer, 90 N, W, Albany, Pop, 1,466,
Norway plains. See Rochester.
Norwegan, I, Bucks co. Pa, Pop, 415,
Norwich, city, Eng, in Norfolk co, the principal
town in the county, the chief city in tfae eastern
part of tfae kingdom, and a place long noted for
its trade and extensive manufactures. It stands
on the Wenaom, which is navigable up to the
town. The chief public buildings are the
castle and the cathedral ; but there are, besides,.
no fewer than 36 churches, various dissenting
chapels, and numerous institutions for chari
table and benevolent purposes. The principal
manufactures are bombazines, worsted damasks,
flowered satins, and fine camblets. To these have
been recently added cottons, ahawls, and other
fancy goods, both for furniture and dress. The
manufacture of cotton thread lace has also been
introduced ; and the trade in linen ia in a flourish
ing atate, The%nporls and exporta of Norwich
are chiefly managed through the mediura of its
port, Yarraouth. 22 m, W, Yarraouth, 108 N, E.
London. Lon. 1° 17' E, Lat, 52° 3ff N. Pop, in
1811, 37,256, '
Norwich, t. Oxford co. Upper Canada, on the
river Thames.
Norwich, p-t, Windaor co, Vt, on Connecticut ¦
river, opposite Hanover, 21 ra, N. Windsor. Pop.
1,812, Here is a railitary academy,
Norwich, t, Hampshire co. Mass. 12 m. W.
Northampton, Pop. 968,
Norwich, city, New-London co, Ct on the
Thames, al the head of navigation, 13m, N. New
London, 38 S, E- Hartford, 45 W. S. W. Provi
dence. Lat. 41° 34' N. Lon. 72" 5' W. Pop. in 1810,
• 3,528. The Thames is formed by Shetucket and
Yantic rivers, whicfa unite in thia town at a place
called Chelsea landing, and form a safe and com-

528

NO T

modioua harbour. The Yantic about a mite from
its mouth, has a cataract, remarkable for ita ro
mantic acenery, and affording fine aites for raiUs
and raanufacturing estabUahracnts, There are
within the town a court-houae, jafl, bank, 2 inaur
ance corapanies, and 6 housea for pubUc worship,
2 for CongregationaUsta, 2 for Methodists, 1 for
Episcopaliana, and 1 for Baptists, Among the
manufapturing eatabliahmenta are 1 Woollen facto
ry, 1 cotton factory, 2 manufactoriea of morocco
leather, 2 paper raills, 5 tanneries, I carding-ma
chine, 6 grain raills, and 6 saw railla.
Norwich city ia divided into three distinct and
compact aettiementa, called Chelaea landing, the
Town, and Bean hill, Chelsea landing is very
roraanlically aituated at tfae point of land formed
by the union of Shetucket Emd Yantic rivera, and
is the aeat of most of the commercia^uainesa of
the place,. The Town ia about 2 miles N, W, of
Chelaea, and containa the court-hpuse and some,
other public buildinga. Bean hill is a pleaaant
settleraent in the -westerii partof Norwich, A line
{.¦of steam-boats opens a comraunication between
Norwich and New-York three tiraes a week,
Norwich, p-t Chenango co, N, Y, on the river
Chenango, 8m, N. Oxford, 100 W, Albany, The
villEige ia flouriahing and pleaaant, and containa a
court-houae and JEiil, Pop, 2,550,
Norwich, t. FrankUn co, Ohio, on Scioto river,
7 ra, above Columbua, Pop, in 1819, 350,
Nosenstadt. See Bistritz.
Noss, small isl, Scotland, S, E, of the island of
. Bressay, It ia one of the moat fertile of the Shet
land ialea, Lon, 1° ff W, Lat 60° 12' N,
ifas^e, ;BmaU ial, in a great bay on the N, W,
coastof Madagascar, Lon, 50° Iff E, Lat 13°
;,,12'S, ,,.- •-
Nassen, t. Saxony, on the Mcdda, 19 m, W,
Dresden. Pop. 1,000,
Noss Head, cape on the coast of Scotland, 4 m,
: N, Wick, Lon. 2° Sff W. Lat, 58° 2ff N,
Notch, The. See Wliite Mountains.
Notto, Val di, one of the tfaree provincea into
which Sicily is divided, forming the S, E, portion
of the island. Pop. nearly 460,000,
Nata, t. in the S, E, of Sicily, in tfae Val di Noto,
15 ra, S, W, Syracuse, 40 S, Catania, Pop,
16,000, Notre Dame Bay, bay on tfae E, coEist of New
foundland, Lon, 65° 4ff W, Lat, 49° 55' N,
Notre Dome d' Abandonee, v. Sardinian States,
in Savoy, 30 m, E, Geneva,
Notre flame de Leisse, t. France, in Aiane, 9 ra,
E. by N, Laon, Pop. 1,100,
Notre Dome de St. Pey, t. France, in Gironde,
on the Dordogne. Pop, 1,300,
Notre Dame des Anges, aeigniory, Quebec co.
Lower Canada, on the N. side ofthe St, Lawrence,
at the confluence of St, Charles river, opposite
Quebec, ,A'ofre Dame de Tarce, t France, in Mayenne,
22 m, S, E, Mayenne, Pop, 1,300, ,
Notre DameduPort, t, France, in Lot-and-Ga
ronne, 10 m. W, Agen, Pop, 1,100,
Notre Dame du Thil, t Franoe, a few milea N.
W , Beauvaia, Pop, 1,200, .
Nottaway, co, in the S. part of Va, bounded N,
by Amelia co. Pop, 9,279, Slavea, 6,368,
Nattawdy, r. which riaea in Virginia, receivea
Blackwater river, and unitea with the Meherrin,
in N. C. to form the Chowan,
Notte, r. Pruaaia, in Brandenburg, which falla
into the Spree, near Koppenich,

NOV
Notteln, t, Prusaian states, 10 m, W. Munater,
Pop, 3,00Q,
Nottingham, co, Eng, bounded N, by 'Yorkshire,
E, by Lincolnahire, S. by Leiceaterahire^iand W,
by Derbyahire, It containa 774 aq, mfles, or
496,000 acrea, r Pop. in 1811, 162,900; families,
33,324, of whom 12,293 were employed in agri
culture, 18,923 in trade smd manufacturea,, and
2,298 otherwiae. It is one of the most fertile,
healthful, and agreeable counties in all England;
and is noted for the number of mErasiona and
country seats of the nobility which it containa,—
Nottingbarashire ia also noted for ita manufac
tures, of which that of atockinga da the staple,- ¦
Nottingham, t, Eng, and cap, of Notlingban^o.
on the I'rent It ia one of the most beautiful
towna in England, from its picturesque situation,
and the striking appearance of its bufldinga. The
trade and manufactures of Nottingham are very
extensive, owing to ita aituation near the cenfre
of the Idngdom, in the line ofthe great Trent and
Mersey navigation, which Eiffords it an eEisy Eiccess
both to the eastern and western seas, and ha.ving
its communications equaUy, open tovrarda ths
south, with the Severn on the one hand, and the
Thamea on tfae other. The ataple manufacture ia
that of atockings, chiefly the finer fcinda, aa those
of ailk and cotton, Theae Eire aU wrought on the
stocking frame. For the last 20 years also, a great
number of hands have been employed in the man
ufacture of lace for veils, shawls, &c. which has
greatly added to the wealth and buainess of the
town. It aenda two merabers to parliEiment Pop.
in 1779, 17,700 ; in 1811, 34,363. 125 m.N. by, W.
London. Lon. 1° 10' W. Lat 52° Sff N.
Nottingham, p-t Rockinghara co. N, H, 12 m.
E, Exeter, 23 N, W, Portsraouth. Pop. 1,063,,.
Nottingham, West, t. HiUsborough co, N, H on
the E, aide of the Merriraack, 40 m. S. Concord,
46 N. Boaton. Pop. 1,379.
Nottingham, t BurUngton co, N, J, Pop, 2,615,
Nottingham, t. Washington co. Pa, Pop, 2,037,
Nottingham, East, t Chester co. Pa. Pop.
1,409, Nottingham, West, t Chester co. Pa. Pop. 642.
Nottingham, p-t. and port of enfry. Prince
George co. Md. ou tfae Patuxent, 28 m, S, E.
Washington. Shipping in 1816, 1,473 tons,
Nottingham, East, t Cecil co, Md, 10 m, fironi
Charlestown, Nottingham, t, Harrison co, Ohio, 7 m, W, Ca
diz, Nava, smaU ial. near the coast of Brazil, Lon,
60° Sff W, LatO°4'S,
Novaia, t, Ruasia, on the Irtysch, 100 m, E, S, E,
Tobolsk, Nova Iberia. See New Iberia.
Navalaise, t. Sardinian statea, in Savoy, 10 m,
N, E, Pont-de-Beauvoiain, Pop. 1,500. ,
NovcUe, t. Auatrian Italy, 11 m, S, by W, Tre
viao, Pop. 2,500,
Novara, a province ofthe N, W, of Itsdy, inthe
SEirdinian Milaneae, Extent, 1,400 sq, mfles. Pop,
226,000. Novara, t Italy, in the Sardinian Milanese, cap.
of the province of the same name, ia aurrounded
with a rampart and a broad ditch, and defended
alao by a castie. Ithasraanufacturea of ailk, linen,
and leather ; and ia the aee of a biahop. 26 m, W,
Milan, Lon, 8° 37' E, Lat 46° 26' N, Pop,
13,000, ,. - .
Nava Scotia, ¦ a province of Britiah America,
between lat 43° 30' aad 46° 30' N, R is a narrow

NOV

N 0 X

529

jteninsula, more thsin 300 miles long, sfretching
from S, W, to N. E, It is bounded on the N, by
the gulf of St. Lawrence ; W. by the bay of Fun
dy; N. W, by the province of New Brunswick;
and on all other sides by the Atlantic ocean. The
N. E, shorea present a gloomy and barren Eispeet ;
but the counties to the S, W, of Halifax, and
along the bay of Fundy, have a rich aoil, and
produce good crops of grain, — The population ia
estimated at more than 100,000, The great body
of the people are of EngUsh origin ; principaUy
emigrants from New EnglEmd. After these, the
Scotch and Irish settlers are most numerous. The
Mickmack Indians were the aborigines of the
province, aud still inhabit the shore E, of Hali-
fEix, They are diminishing in numbers, — The
established reUgion,ia that of the Cfaurcfa of Eng
land, Tfaere ia one biahop, whose diocese in
cludes Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, and the ial
anda of CapeBreton and Prince Edward, — There
is a college at Windsor, which has a valuable li-
Iwrary, and several scholarsfaips. Schools are es
tabUshed in all the viUages. — Tfae coramerce and
wealth of Nova Scotia have increased, of late,
with great rapidity. Fish and lumber are tfae
staple comraodities, and are exported in great
quantities lo Great Britain, Erad the West Indies,
Nova Zembla, a very Isirge island in the Arctic
ocean, belonging to lie Russian govemraent of
Archangel, frora which it is separated by the straits
of Waigatz, It extends frora 69° to 76" N. lat and
ia about 500 railes long, and 240 broad. The east
coast has not yet been explored, being seldom ac
cessible, on account of the ice by which it is aur
rounded. Indeed, no part of thia dreary Eind
inhoapitable region faas any permanent inhabit
ants ; but the south and west coasts are visited by
fisherraen and hunters, aent out by the merchants
of Archangel and Mezen, The island of Nova
Zembla is divided into two parts, nearly equal, by
a narrow and winding strait, which traverses it
from eaat to west,
Noudor, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 21 m. S, E,
Mourao, JVoiie, V, Austrian Italy, 13 m. N, N. E, Vicenza,
Navellara, t. Italy, in the duchy of Modena, on
a sraall river which falls into the Po, 8 ra, S, S, E,
GuastaUa, 16 N, N, W, Modena, Pop, 4,000,
Naves, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, 6 m,
3, E, Avignon, Pop 1,400,
Novgorod, or Novogorod, a large government in
in the N, W, of European Rusaia, between 20° 6ff
and 38° 50' E. lon, and 67° SO' and 60° 30' N. lat
having an area of 55,000 sq. railea. Pop. 780,000.
Novgorod, or Novgorod VeliM, t. Eu, Ruasia,
cap, of the above government, ia in a beautiful
plain at the N, extremity of the lake Ilmen. It
contains the Kremlin or citadel, in which ia the
mcient palace of the czara, now in a atate of di
lapidation, and the cathedral of St. Sophia, Nov
gorod-Veliki ia one of the raoat ancintciliea ofthe
¦ empire, laving been founded in tfae 6th century.
In the 9th century Rurifc, the reigning sovereign,
made it the aeat of his government At present
Novgorod consists of amall acattered groupea of
miaerable houses. ' These ruins, and the extraor
dinary number of its churches, atteat ita forraer
magnitude, ft is still the see of an archbiahop.
112 m, S, S, E, St Peteraburg. * Lon. 31° IffE.
Lat 58' 31' N,
Novgorod. See Nischnei-Novgorod.
Novgorod-Sieverskoi, t, Eu. Russia, Eitthe cbnflu-

67

enec of the Dnieper''and the Desna. 86 m. E. N.
E. Czernigov. Pop, 3,000.
Novi, t. in the N, W. of Italy, in the Sardinian
Statea, 23 ra, N, by E. Genoa, in a fertfle plain, at
the fool of the Appenninea, Pop, 5,400. On the
16th of August 1799, one of the most sanguinary
batties in the 18lh century took place faere, be
tween tfae French under Joubert, assisted by Mo
reau, and the Auslro Russian forces, under Suwar
row, in which the former were worsted.
Novi, t Eu. Turkey, in Bosnia, 45 ra, S. E.
Carlstadt. Novi, t Italy, in the duchy of Modena, 20 ra, N.
by E, Modena,
Navi, t. Auatrian States, on the Adriatic, 25 m.
S.E. Fiume, Pop, 1,400.
Novi-Bazar, or Novi-Pasar, *. Eu. Turkey, in
Servia, near the Oresco, 70 m. W. by N. Nissa, 86
S. Belgrade. Pop. 8,000.
Novigrod, t. Austrian States, in Dalmatia, 16
m. N. Scardona, Lon, 17° 32' E, Lat, 44° 2ff N,
Pop, 800.
Navion Parcien, t. France, iuArdennea, 6 ra,N,
Rethel. Pop. 1,100,
Novitia, Son Geranimo de, city. New Grenada,
160 m. N, Popayan, 140 S. S, W. Santa Fe de An
tioquia, Lon. 76° 16' W. Lat. 5° 4' N.
Novogladka, t Ruaaia, in Caucasua, on the left
bank of the Terek,
Novagradek, t. Russian Lithuania, in Grodno,
244 m, E, S, E, Konigsberg, 233 E, N. E, War
saw, Novoi Oskol, t. Eji, Russia, 90 m, S, E, Kursk.
Pop, 2,900,
Novomirgorod, I. Eu. Russia, 160 ra. N. N. W.
Cherson. Pop. 2,400.
Novomoskovsk, t Eu, Rusaia, in Ekaterinoalav,
near the Dnieper, 16 ra, N, Ekaterinoalav, Lon,
35° 12' E, Lat 48° SO'N.
Nava-Rschev, t, Eu, Russia, 70 ra , S, S. E. Pskov.
Nava-Shansarov, t. Eu, Russia, in PultavEi, 21
m. S. S, W, Pultava, Pop, 3,700,
Nautro, t. Austrian Poland, 35 m, S. Cracow,
Noumon, t, France, in Aiane, 13 m.N. W. Ver-
vipa. Pop. 2,600.
Nouzilk, or Noisille, t. Frsrace, in Indre-and-
Lofre, 9 ra, N. Tours, Pop. 1,000,
Nowadoga, r. N. Y. which runa into the S. aide
ofthe Mohawk, at Minden.
Nowadah, t Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° 4ff E.
Lat 24° 64' N,
Nowogur, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, on the W,
bank of Mahanuddy river, Lon. 82° 66' E, Lat.
21° 55' N,
Nowarahautft. Bengal, 10 ra, N, E. Dacca,
Nowawes, or ,Neudore, v. Pruasian Statea, in
Brandenburg, in the imraediate vicinity of Pots
dam, Pop, 1,700,
Nowell, Point, cape on the N, W, coaat of Ame
rica, Lat 60° 27' N,
Nowe Miasto, t. Poland, 17 ra, S, E, Rawa, 42
S, S, W, Warsaw, Pop, 1,000.
Nowemiosto, t Poland, at the conflux of the Nid
da and the Vistula, 40 m, E, byN, Cracow,
Nowidwar, t, Poland, at the confluence of the
Bog and the Vistula, 17 ra,N,N,E, Warsaw, Pop.
800. Nowitary. See Niumarkt.
' Nowland's Ferry, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Nouipoorah, t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 73°
4ff E.Lat 21° ffN.
Noxonton, v. Neweaatle aS, Del. 22 m, S, S, W.
Wilraington.

530

N U D

Noya, t. Spain, in Galicia,; on a bay of the At
lantic, at the raouth of the river Noya, 19 ra, W.
S. W. Compostella. Lon. 8° 5ff W. Lat 42°
50' N.
Noyau, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Canada,
on the river Sorel, 32 m, S, E, Monfreal.
Noyen, t. France, on the river Sarthe, 6 ra, S,
W, Le Mana, Pop. 1,800,
Nayers, t France, in Yonne, 11 m. S, Tonnere,
16 E, S, E, Auxerre, Pop, 2,000,
Noyers, t France, iu Lower Alpa, 5 m, W, Sis
teron, Pop, 1,000,
Noym,t, France, in Oiae, on the Verae, It faas
manufacturea of Unen, leather, hata, and stock
ings, and a brisk trade in corn with Paris, It is the
birthplace of Calvin. 26 ra, N, W, Soisaons, 70
N, byE, Paris, Pop. 6,000,
Nazay, t France, in Loire Inferieure, 20 ra, S,
W. Chateaubriant Pop, 2,100,
Nozeroy,, t. Fraiw;e, in JurEi, on the Aiu, 27 m,
S. Besancon. Pop. 900.
Nossano, t. Italy, iu Lucca, 10 ra. N. by E. Luc
ca. Nube, r. Chili, which passes the ancient city of
Chilian, and runs into the Pacific ocean, in lat
36" S.
Nubia, an extensive country of Africa, inclo
sed between Egypt,lSennaar and the Red sea. It is
covered by numberless tribes of independent
Arabs, aorae CEU'rying on trade in towna, othera
cultivating the ground, and a atill greater nuraber
roaraing over the extenaive WEistes wfaich cover
this part of Africa. With the exception of the im
mediate banks ofthe Nile, which are rendered fertile
by laborioua irrigation, JVubia consists alraost en
tirely of sandy and rocky deserts. The country
on the Nile is aplit into a series of little independent
kingdoms, each governed by its own Melek or
chiefi The governors of these little districts are
described aa very violent and arbitrary in their
proceedings, and rude in tfaeir treatraenl of stran
gers ; , yet, under the protection of the ; pasha of
Egypt, Europeans may now travel in perfect safe
ty as far as Derri, and even Ibrim,
The eastern bank of tfae Nile ia^much better
adapted for cultivation than the western, being
more easily and abundantly watered, 'This is
rather remEurkable, since all the splendid ruins for
which this region ia distinguished are on the oppo
site bank. Hence we raay suspect this laat to have
been forraerly more fertfle and populous, but re
duced to its present state by the continual en
croachment of those imraense moving sands which
extend to the westward. The climate of Nubia,
though in summer intensely hot,' ia remarkably
healthy, in conaequence probably of the extreme
dryness ofthe atmosphere.
The chief trade of Nubia consists in slaves im
ported frora the interior of Africa, and either con
veyed northwards into Egypt, or acroas the Red
sea by Souakin and Jidda, The annual iraport is
eatimated at 5,000, of whora 2,600 are for Arabia,
1,500 for Egypt, and 1,000 for Dongola and the
Bedouins of the raountains. Few ofthe alavea are
above the age of 15, The moat valued are Uiose
between 11 and 15,
Nubloda, isl. in the Pacific ocean, S. W, of Cape
Corrientes, on the coaat of Mexico, Lon, 122° 30'
W, Lat 16° 40' N, '. . . ¦ ¦¦'
Nuckergaut, t. Hind, in Serinagur, on the Gan
ges. Lon, 78° ff E, Lat, 30° ffN, ¦
Nuddea, an extensive district of Bengal , between

N U R
22° and 24° N, lat Pop, 764,000, about a third
of whom are Mahoraetans, .
Nuddea, the capital of. the above disfrict, apd
for a considerable period the capital of Beng^ is
on an island at the confluence of the Hoogly
and Jelingfay rivera, 60 m. abqye Calcutta. In
modern times il has been the seat of a Brahmin
serainary of teaming. Lon. 88° 24' E; Lat 23°
25'N. . ,
Nueil sous Passavant, t. Trance, in Maine-and-
Loire, on the Layon, 18 ra, S, W, Saumur, Pop,
2,000, Nuestra Senoro de I' Assumption, See Assump
tion. Nuevitos del Principe, Punta de las, cape, on
the N, coastof Cuba, -Lon. 76° 35' W, Lat 21°
44' N.
Nughs, district, A%hanistan, in Cabul, Nughz,
the capital, is in lon. 69° 2ff E. lat 33° 17' N. -
Nugmot, Russian settlement on the N. W, coast
of America, Lon. 1 1 1° 4ff E, Lat, 64° 3ff N,
Nais, or Nuits, t France, in Cote d'Or, 12 m,
S, Dijon, Pop, 2,600.
Nulocaonda, t Hind, in Golcondah, 35 m, S. E,
Hyderabad, Nuldingah, t, Bengal. Lon, 89° 7' E, Lat 23°
25'N, Nulez, t. Spain, 25 ra. N. N. E. Valencia. Pop.
3,400. Nulhegon, r. Vt. which flows into Connecticut
river, between Minehead and Brunswick.
Numansdorp, v, Netherlands, in South HoUand,
14 m. S. Rotterdam. Pop, 1,600.
Nun, Noon, or Wedinoan, country, Africa, on
the Atlantic, forming the most aouthern part
of the empire of Morocco, The inhabitants car
ry on a considerable frade, particularly with
Tombuctoo and the interior of AfricEi. The whole
coast, frora Agadeer to Cape Bojador, does not af
ford a single hEu:bor,
Nun, r. Africa, which faUs into the AtlEratic,
about lon. 1 1° Sff W. lat 28° N.
Nundo, p-t. Alleghany co. N. Y. 14 m. N. An
gelica. Pop. 499. Here are two falls in Gene
see river, a rafle apart, 1 of 60 feet, and 1 of 90.
Nundabar, t. Hind, iu KhEradeish. Lon. 74° 15'
E. Lat 21° 17' N.
Nundaporam, t Plind. in Circars. Lon. 82° 4ff
E. Lat, 18° 23' N.
Nundungur, t Hind. in-Bahar. Lon. 86° 32'E,
Lat 26° 12' N.
Nundydraog, a celebrated fortress. Hind, in My
sore, on the summit of a rock, about 1,700 feet
high. Lon. 77° 53' E. Lat 13° 22' N.
Nuneaton, t Eng. in Warwick, 8 m. N. E. Cov
entry, 100 N. by W. London. Lon. 1° 2ff W. Lat
52° Sl' N. Pop. 4,947,
Nunez, Rio, r. W, Africa, which riaea on the
frontier of the Foulah kingdom of Foota JaUo,
and falla into the AUantic, in lat, 10° 20' N.
Nunia, v. Irak Arabi, on the Tigris, opposite
Mosul, on tfae site of Nineveh, once the largest
city in tfae known world. The ruina consist of a
rampart and fosse, forming an oblong square, not
exceeding 4 rafles in compass. The wall is on an
average 20 feet high ; and there ia no appearance
of stones or rubbish of any kind,
Nunjengode, t, India, in Mysore, Lon, 76° 50'
E. Lat 12" I'N,
Nuno Tristao, r. W. Africa, which falla into the
Atiantic, iu lat, 9° 40' N,
JV«)-a, r, Italy, which fidls into the Po, 6 m, N,
E, Piacenza, j- *¦ <•

OAH
i JVuraU«^oor, t. Bengal, on the N, bank of the
Ganges, 24 m, S, W. Dacca.
-^r Nuremberg, t, in the W, of Gerraany, in Fran-
txmia, forraerly a celebrated free city of the era
pire, at present aubject to Bavaria, It stands in
a wide, sandy, but well cultivated plain, on the
Pegnitz, The town, though no longer fortifled,
is surrounded by an old wall and ditch, with round
towers at intervals. Of the public edifices, the
chief is the castle or fort called Reiohsfeste, the
occasional reaidence of emperors in the middle
ages. Its manufactures consist of musical and
mathematical instruments, copper-plates, pins,
needles, spectacles, and toys of all kinds, whether
of hEirdware or wood, "The printing and book-
^elUng buainesa ia carried on here lo a considera
ble extent, 58 m. E. S. E. Wurzburg, 100 N. by
W. Munich. Lon. 11" 4' E. Lat 49° 24' N. Pop.
27,000, Nwia, mt. among the Pyrenees, on the frontier
between Spain and France, a few miles N. of Cam
predon, in Catalonia.
Nurpoor, diafrict. Hind, in Lahore, belonging
to the seiks. Nurpoor, Uie capital, is in lon. 75°
2' E, lat 32" 12' N, ,
Nurrah, t Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon, 82" 45'
E. Lat 21° 2'N.
Nurtingen, t. Wirtemberg, on the Neckar, 14
m, S, E, Stutgard. Lon, 9° 2ff E . Lat 48° 37' 36"
N, Pop. 3,400.
Nusco, t. Naples, in the Principato Ultra, It is
the aee ofa bishop, 46 m. W, by N, Naples, Pop,
3,600. Nushar, v. A, Turkey, on the Euphrates, 55 m,
S, W. Diarbekir.
Nuslau, or Nasislau, t. Austrian states, iu Mo
ravia, 14 m. S. Brann. Pop. 1,000.
Nussaouh, t Birraan empire, on the W. liank
of the Irrawuddy river. Lon. 95° 20' E. Lat 1 7°
52' N.
Nussdarf, t. H'ungEury, 23 ra. N. N. E. Presburg.
Nussdorf, V. .Austria, on tfae Danube, 4 m. N,
Vienna. Pop, 2,000.
Nifsserabad, t. Hind, in Berar, belonging to the
Mahrattas, Lou, 75° 51' E, Lat 20° 56' N,
Nusseritabod, called alao Sackur, t. Hind, in Be
japore, belonging lo the NizEun, Lon. 76° 20' E.
Lat. 17° 2ff N.
Nusserpaar, diatrict, Hind, in Sinde. Nusser-
poor, the capital, is near the river Indus. Lon.
69° 10' E. Lat 25° 28' N.
Nussloch, t. Baden, 6 m. S. Heidelberg, Pop,
1,350, Nuthe, r. Prussia, which falls into tfae Havel,
near Potsdam,
NuttaVs stare, p-v. Greenville co. N. C.
Nuys. See Nuis aud Neuss.
Nnyts Point, a rooky headland on the S- coaat

OAK

531

of New Holland. Lon. 116" 56' E. Lati 35° 12' S.
Nuyts Reefs, reefs of rocks, off the S. coast of
New HoUand, at Cape Nuyts. Cape Nuyts ia in
lon. 132" Iff E, lat 32° 2'S,
Ny Carleby. See Carleby, New.
Nyeborg, t. Denmark, on the Funen, on the
Great BeU, oppoaite Zealand, Here afaips, paaa-
ing through the Belt, pay toll. Pop, 2,000, 16 m,
W, Corsoer, Lmi, 10° 4ff E, Lat. 55° 22' N,
Nyehoske, v. Netherlanda, in Friesland, 18 m.
S, by E, Leeuwarden, Pop, 900,
Nyekiobing, t Denmark, in tiie island of Fal
ster, on the Guldborgaund, It ia tolerably well
built, has an hoapital, and 4 schoola. Pop, 1,100.
62 ra. S. W, Copenhagen, Lon. 11° 51' E, Lat
54°4ff N,
Nyekiobing, t, Denmark, onthe N. coEiat of Zea
land, in the gtilf of Isefiord, Lon, 11° 41' E, Lat.
55°65'N. Nyestedj t Denmark,in the island of Laland, 26
m. E. S. E. Naskow. Lon. 11° 45' E. Lat 54°
5ff N. '
Nyffe, country of Central Africa, on the N.
bank of tfae Niger, forming part of the region of
Houasa. Nyir Bathor, t. Hungary, 30 ra, N, E, Debrec--
zin. Lon, 21° 2ff 30" E, Lat, 47° 4ff 20" N,
Nyiregyhaso, t. Hungary, 29 ra. N. Debreczin,
123 E, N. E, Pest, Lon, 21° 40' 30" E, Lat 47"
56'45"N, Pop, 8,100,
Nykoping, government of Sweden, comprising
the W. and most considerable part of the prov
ince of Sudermania. Pop. 90,000.
Nykoping, t. Sweden, cap, of the government
of the same name, and of SudermEinia, ia on a
bay of the Baltic, It ia well built, with broad
and straight streets, 49 ra, S, W, Stockholm,
Lon, 16° Sff E, Lat 48° 66' N. Pop. 2,400.
Nylocky, one of the Banda islands, iu the East
ern seas. Lon. 130° Sff E. Lat 4° II' S.
Nyland, province, Eu. Rusaia, iu Finland,
bounded by the gulf of Finland, Carelia, Tavast-
land, and Finland proper. Area, 4,880 sq. miles.
Pop. 115,000.
Nympho, Cape, Turkey, on the S, coastof Monte
Santo, Lon. 24° 24' E. Lat 40° 3' N,
Nyon, t. Switz. in Vaud, on the N, W, aide of
the lake of Gene-va, 11 ra, N, Geneva, Lon, 6" 6'
E, Lat 46° 24' N, Pop, 1,800,
Nyslot, t: Ruaaia, in Finland, II has a very
strong castle on a rock, inthe middle of a deep
sfream. 50 m. N. W, Wyborg, 140 N, W, Peters
burg. Lon, 28° Sff E, Lat, 61° 4ff N,
Nystad, s-pj- Ruaaia, in Finland, 38 m, N. W.
Abo. Pop. 1,%00,
Nyulas, or Gois, t. Hungary, 19 m. S, W, Prea
burg. Lon. 16° 45' 17" E. Lat. 47° 57' 10" N.

o.

O, or St. Mautin d'O, t. France, in Ome, 9
m. S. Ai^entan, 18 N. Alencon, Pop. 1,000.
Oacco, district, S. Africa, in Benguela, on the
CoaHza. '¦¦..>
Oahoo, See Woehoo.

Oako, or Oohiltmndal, diatrict, Hind, in Guje
rat, on tfae S. aide of the gulf of Cutch. Oaka,
the capital haa been long celebrated as the reai
dence of a gang of pirates, who have recently re
ceived a severe chastiaement by th€ Eait India

532

OBE

company's marine, and who have agreed in future
to-respect the British flag. Lon. 69° 36' E. Lat!
22° 14' N. .
Oafc Cove, cove, on the N. W. coast of Ataerica,
Sn the gulf of New Georgia.
Oakfuskee. See Tallapoosa.
Oak Grave, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va.
Oak Hall, p-v. 'GreenviUe district, S. C.
Oakham, t. Eng. and cap. of Rutland co. 96 m.
N. by W. London. Lon. 0° 42' W. Lat 52° 41' N.
Pop. 1,541.
Oakham, p-t Worcester co. Mass. 19 m. N. W.
Worcester, 65 S. W. Boaton. Pop. 848.
OokhampstanHead, cape, Scotland, onthe S. E,
coast of Caithneaa, llm.S, Wick, Lbn, 3° 8' W,
Lat, 68° Iff N.
Oakhampton, t. Eng. in Devonshire, on the bor
ders of Dartmoor Forest It aends. two membera
to Parliament. 24 m. W. Exeter, 195 W. Lon
don. Lon. 3° 59' W. Lat 50° 44' N. Pop. 1,440.
Oak-hill, p-v. Green co. N. Y. .
Oak-hill, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Oak-hill, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Oak-hill, p-v. Laurena co. Va.
Oakingham, or Wokingham, t Eng. in Berk
shire, 32 m. W. Lohdon. Pop. 419.
Oak Island, smaU isl. on the coEist of N. CaroU
na, at the mouth of Cape Fear river.
Oakland, co. Michigan l^erritory, on tfae upper
part of the riveri Huron of St Clair. Chief town,
Pontiac. Since the year 1818, when the U. S.
government offered these lands for sEde, settle
menta have progreaaed very rapidly.
Oakmulgee, r. Georgia, which joins the Oconee
to form the Alatamaha,
Oak orchard, p-v. Genesee co, N, Y,
Oak, p-v. Hanover co. Va,
Oaloldoh, or Ouolaldi, t, W, Africa, in the
country of the Foulaha, on the S, bankof the Sen
egal, 60 m. E, Podor,
Odndd, V. W, Africa, on the Senegal, 70 m. S.
E. Goumel,
Oaxaca, or Guaxaca, an intendency of Mexico,
and one of the most delightful countries in thia
part of the globe, is bounded N, by Vera Cruz, E,
by Guatiraala, W. by Puebla, and S, by the Pacific
ocean. Extent, 34,064 sq. miles. Pop, in 1803,
534,800, It abounds with wheat, cattle, sugar,
cotton, honey, cocoa, plantains, and other fruits,
Oaxaca, cap, of the above intendency, lies 230
m, S, ofthe city of Mexico, in the delightful val
ley of Guaxaca, The air ia clear and healthy,
and the climate a perpetual spring. It is, how
ever, exposed to earthquakes. It ia a biahop'a see.
The churches and monaateries are numerous, sol
idly built, and richly decorated. Pop. 24,000,
Ofta, t Aderbijan, in Persia, on the W. coaat ef
the Caspian, at oneof the raouths ofthe Kur, 150
m. N. E. Tabreez,
Oban, V. ScoUand, in Argyllshire, on a fine bay
in the sound of MuU, SSJ ni. from Inverary. Lon.
5° 32' W. Lat. 56° 24' N. Pop. 1 ,000.
Obcmnan, creek, Ohio, which runs into the E.
side ofthe Little Miami, in Clermont county.
Obedoeh, t Austrian states, 10 m. S. by E. Ju-
dcinburg. Pop. 800,
•Obed's River, r. Tennessee, which runs into the
Cumberland, 290 m. above its raouth,
Ober, or Obra, r. Prussian states, which runs
into the Oder, 4 ra, S, ZulUchan,
Oberachern, v. Baden, 1 m. S, Aohem, Pop, 900,
Qber-Amstadt, t. Germany, in Hesse-iDarmatadt,
near Lichtenberg. Pop, 1,400. ' '

O c c
Oberdorf, t, Bavaria, 48 m, S, W. Munich, 14
E, N, E, Kempten, Pop, 1,600,
Oberhouaen, v. Baden,. 2 m, N, N. E. Philips-
burg, Pop» 1,300.
Oberkirchft. Baden, 16 m, E. Straaburg. Pop.
1,400. Oberland, diatrict, Switz. forming the S. E. part i
of the canton of Bern.
Obemarg, i. Gerraany, which falla into the lake
of Constance, near Buchau-.
Obernay. See Ehenheim. '
Obemburg, t. Bavarian states, on the Maine, 9
m, S. Aschaffenburg. Pop. 1,4()0,
Obemdorf, t Hanover, 16 m, N. W, Stade, Pop,
1,500, Obemdorf, t. Wirteraberg, on the Neckar, 9 m.
N. by W. Rothwefl. Pop, 1,200.
Obemisk, t. Prussian Poland, on the Wartha, 17
m, N, by W, Posen. Poji. 800.
Obernkirchen, t Germany, in tfae electorate of
Hesse, 6 ra, E, Rinteln, Pop, 1,100.
Oberrode, t. Gerraany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 10
m, N, E, Darmstadt Pop. 1,000,
Obertsdorf, t. Bavarian atates, at the junction of
three streams which form tfae Iller. 21 m, S, of
Kerapten, 76 S, W. Munich, Pop, 1,800.
Obi, a great river of Asiatic Russia, which trav
erses the whole ofthe govemment of Tobolsk. . It "
riaea on the S. side ofthe Altai mounlEiins. After
receiving the watera of the Irtysch, it becomes
very broad, aometimes extending aeveral milea
across, Il also divides into branches, which agEun''>
re-unite, forming numerous islea. It runs into
the gulf of Oby in IaL 66° 66' N, after an entire i
course of upwards of 2,000 railea,
Obion, r. Tenneaaee, which runs into the Mia
siasippi, 24 ra, S, of Reelfoot's river,
C&idos, t Portugal, near the coast, 44 m, N,
Lisbon, Pop, 3,000.
Oblong, p-v. Dutchess co. N, Y.
Obojau, t Eu. Ruaaia, in Kurak, 34 m, S. Kursk. >
Lon, 35° 54' E, Lat 51° IffN, Pop, 4,400.
Oballoh, t near the mouth of the "Tigris, for
merly the aeat ofa great trade, which is now trans-
ferred to Bassora.
Obro, t. Prussian Poland; which faUs into the
Wartha at Schwerin.
Obrigheim, t Baden, on the Neckar, 18 m. E.
by S. Heidelberg. Pop. 1,000.
Obrxycko, or Obersiska, t Pruasian Poland, on
the WarUia, 26 m. N. N. W. Posen. Pop. 1,700.
Obscaia, gulf of the Frozen ocean, on Uie N.
coast of Asiatic Ruasia, forming the receptacle of
the river Obi, Lat 66° 40' to 72° 15' N. Lon,
72° to 76° E.
Observatory Inlet, inlet on the N, W, coastof
Araerica, Lon. 230° ff E. Lat. 64° 5ff N.
Observatory Island, or Padevaua, small ial. near
the N, coast of New Caledonia, Lon, 166°41''E.
Lat 20° Iff S.
Oby, or Oubi/, small isl, in the Eastern seas, 50
milea long, from E, to W, and from 12 to 20 broad, ¦
Tlie Dutch have a small fort on the W, aide ofthe
ialand, Lon, 124° 56' E, Lat 1° SffS,
Oca, r. Spain, in Old Caslfle, which falls into
the Ebro above Friaa. ^'
Ocana, t Spain, 8 m, E, S, E, Aranjuez, SOS.S,?
E, Madrid, Pop, 5,000,
Oeana, or Santa Anno, t. New Granada, 220
m. S. Santa MarUia, 225 N, Santa Fe de Bogota.
Lon, 73" 26' W, Lat 7° Sff N,
Ocanhasary, See Hazaree Bang.
Oecaehappy, r. Alabama, See Bear creek.

ODE

ODE

533

-Occoquan, r. Va, which runs into the Potomac at
High Point, 16 m, below AlexEmdria, It ia navi
gable 4 miles, to Colchester,
Occoquan, p-v. Prince William co, Va,
Ochil Hills, a range of lofty mountains in Scot
land, which begins in Perthshire, and stretches
E, into the county of Fife.
Oclio Rios, bay on the N. coEiat of Jsunaica. Lon.
76° Sff W.- Lat 18"2ffN.
Ochotsk. See Okhotzk.
Ochrida, t Eu. Turkey, in Albania, situated on
the declivity of Mount Maniana Pefriu, on the
lake of Ochrida, from which issues the river Dri
no. IfK) m. N. Joannina, Pop, about 6,000.
Ochsmfurth, t. Bavarian states, on the Msune,
10 m. S. E. Wurzburg. Pop. 2,00a
OcAsen/iaiuen, t. Wfrtemberg, 14 m. S. Ulm.
Pop. 1,300.
Ochto, t Rusaia, near St Petersburg, and con
sidered as one of its suburbs. Here is a manufac
ture of gunpowder and cannon.
Ochtemlk, v. France, in La Manche, 8 ra. E. N.
E Valognes. Pop. 1,100.
Ocke, r. Eng. in Berkshire, which runs into the
Thamea at Abingdon.
Ocker, r. Germany in Saxony, which rises in the
Harz raountains, and falla into AUer, 6 m. W. Giff-
hom. Oclarseer, t. Hind, in Gujerat Lon. 73° Iff E.
Lat. 21° 37' N.
Oclania, Gape, cape on tfae N. E. coast of the
island of Negropont. Lon. 24° IffE. Lat,38°2ffN.
Ocana, port, Peru, 96 m. W. N. W. Arequipa.
Lat 16° S.
Oconee, r. Geo. which risea in the N. W. part of
the State, and running S. S. E. 160 mfles, joins the
Oakmulgee to form Alatamaha river.
Ocapa, t Peru, in Xauxa, 116 m. E, Liraa. Lon.
75° 2' W. Lat 12° 2'S.
Oeosinga, t GuatimiUa, 40 m. E, Chiapa dos
Espagnols. Ocracoke Inlet, navigable channel on the coaat
of N, C. between Albemarle and Pamlico aound,
wfaich Ilea in lat 34" 65' N. 7 leaguea S. W, 4 W,
Cape HatterEis. On each side of the channel are
dangerous shoals. The bar haa 14 feet at low
water, Oclararo Creek, r. which divides Lancaater and
Cheater counties. Pa, and runs into the Susque
hannah, in Maryland,
Octoraro, t, Lancaster co. Pa.
Oeamara, bay on the coast of Venezuelsi, 5
leagues E. Porto Cafeello, aud 28 m, S S. E, of Ca
raccas, Its port is good and well sheltered, and is
defended by a battpry.
Oczakov, t. in the S. W. of Eu. Russia, in Cher
son, on the Dnieper, near its raouth, reraarkable
only for the iraportance attached to it in the wara
between Rusaia smd Turkey. Since the building
of Odessa, its trade and, population have very
mucliidwindled. 54 ra. W. by S. Cherson. Pop.
1,000. Odd, large peninaula in the N. W, ofthe island
of Zealand, in Denraark,
Odderai. See Christiansand.
Oddrade, v. Eng. in Cheahire, 158 ra. from Lon
don. Pop. 1,003.
Odemira, r. Portugal, in Alentejo, which falls
into the Atlantic at Vflla Nova de Milfontea. It is
navigable to, Odemira, about 20 miles from ita
mouth. Odenheim, t. Baden, 14 m. S. Heidelberg, Pop,
i,soa

Odenidrchen, t Pruaaian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, 13 ra, W,- S, W, Duaseldorf, Pop, 4,000,
Odensee, t. Denmark, cap, of the island of Fu
nen, It is the residence of the bishop, and has
manufactures of woollens, leather, and aoap, 86
m, W, S, W, Copenhagen, 68 N, N, E, Sleswick,
Lon, 10° 25'E, Lat 65° 23' N, Pop, 6,000,
Oder, r. Germany, which risea in Moravia, about
18 m, N,E, Ohnutz, enters Sileaia, flows through
that province, Brandenburg, Emd Poraerania,
forraa the large raaritirae lake caUedthe Haff, and t
runa into the Baltic by three mouths. It becomes
navigable for amall boata ao high aa Ratibor ; and
barges of 40 and 60 tona come up to Brealau, It
receivea aeveral navigable rivera, and comrauni
catea by canala with the Elbe and the Vistula,
Oderberg, t, Prussian states, iu Brandenburg, ou
the Oder, 38 m, N, E, Berlin. Pop. 1,600.
Oderberg, t, Austrian states, on the Oder, 16 m.
N. W. Teschen. Pop. 900.
Oderheim, or Gau Oderheim, t. Germany, iu
Hesse-Darniatadt, 15 m. S. Mente. Pop. 1,000.
Odemheim, or Glan Odemheim, t. Bavarian
states, 25 m. S. W. Mentz. Pop. 1,200.
Oderso, t Austrian Italy,' 25 m. N. N. E. Venice.
Pop. 3,400.
Odessa, a flourishing seaport, Eu. Russia, in
Cherson, on a small bay of the Black sea, between
the mouths ofthe Dniester and tfae Dnieper. This
place, whicfa is now of considerable size, and ad
vancing very rapidly, is entirely of modern erec
tion. The Russians had looked anxiously for a
coraraercial emporium on the Black sea, ever since
the time of Peter I. In 1792, Catherine II. fixed
on thia place, then conaisting of only a few houaes.
It has a fine bay, with suflicient depth of water al
most to the very edge for the largeat veasels of war.
Its bottom is of fine sand or gravel, and it is hardly
ever frozen. The emperor Alexander followed
up the views of Catherine, and appointed as gov
ernor the duke of Richelieu, at tfaat time a French
emigrant nobleman, afterwards (in 1816) prime
minister of France. Under faia auperintendancc
it proapered ; and a nuraber of public eslablish-
raenta were aet on foot under tfae patronage of the
government. The population in 1804, had risen
to 16,000 ; and in 1820, approached to 36,000.
It is surrounded by extensive plains, which,
wheu cultivated, will be very productive. It is
fortified in the modern atyle, smd has on the E, aide
a citadel which commands the port. The port is
artificial, and adapted for the reception of about
300 vessels. It ia formed by two large moles, one
ofwhich is in the form of a quadrant of a circle,
and has regular parapets and embrazures for can
non ; the interior is divided by sraEdler raoles and
quays. A light-house haa been erected on a pro
jecting point on the S. side of the bay. The road
stead is very extenaive, and the anchorage safe iu
suramer, being sheltered from every wind but the
S. E. "The town is neatly built, the streeta being
wide, atraight, and crossing each other at right an
gles. The chief diaadvantagea ofthe place are the
scarcity of wood and waler, and, al particular
aeasons, a degree of unhealthiness in the climate.
The transit of goods from the interior is free of
any government charge ; and aince the erection oi"
a circular wall, and other precautions for prevent
ing, smuggling into the interior, Odesaa has beea
declared a free port. The great article of export
is corn from the Ukraine and neighbouring prov
inces. It is brought down chiefly in carts and wag
gons drawn by oxen, which travd in companief ,

534

O £ D

and stop at intervals, to let the oxen feed in the
steppes, or vast natural pastures, 1^ the way, so
that the expenae of carriage is trifling. In sum
mer, the season when this conveyance chiefly
takea place, aeveral hundred waggons arrive in
the town in asingle day. The other articlea are
tallow, hides, and flai; also timber; but hitherto
the export of these has been anlall. The chief
imports are sugar aad other colonial produce.
The number of vessels that arrive in a year is
about 800, of which the half are Russian, and
nearly otte-thilfd British. Brewing and distilUng
are carried on on a large scale; and there are
Some manufactures of wooflens, silk, gunpowder,
and soap. The ^reat disadvantage hitherto haa
been the want of raechanics for the town, and of
farmera for the surrounding diatrict The gov
emraent has spared no expense to procure both ;
and those who fii on the country round Odeaaa,
are allowed a house, a pair of oxen, a plough, a
little money, Eind Era exemption from all taxes and
military services during 25 years. 98 m. E. Cher-
«tn. Ldn. 30°3ffE. Lat 46°,3ff N.
Odessui. See Varna.
Odeypdor, Hindoo principality in the S, E, of
Ajmeer, between 24° and 26° N, lat, Odeypoor,
the catlital, is on the S, side of the Bauass river,
'!rhe'''Kanali, or chief, has recently entered into
aUianCe 'With the British, and been enabled to
throw off the Mahratta yoke, Lon, 74° S'E, Lat,
?5'* Sff N,
'Gdeypofe, t Bengal, forraerly the capital of
Tippefah, It stands on the S, bank ofthe Goomty,
23 m, E, ComiUah,
Odeypore, t Hind, in Gundwaneh, belonging to
the Nagpore Mahrattas, Lon, 8S"4ffE, Lat 22°
arN,
Odeypore, t Hind, in Malwah, belonging to the
Mahrattas, Lon,78°2ffE, Lat 23° SffN,
Odeypore, t Hind, in Bahar, Lon, 77° 40' E,
Lslt, 23° 62' N,
Odiel, r, Spain, in Seville, which falls into the
sea, E, of the Guadiana.
Odiham, t. Eng. in Hants, 41 ra. S, W, London,
Lon, ff* Sff W, Lat, 51° Iff N, Pop. 1 ,104.
Odir, small isl, in the eastem seas, near the W.
coast of Aroo, Lon, 134° SffE. Lat 6° 23' S,
Odnest, cape, Scotiand, on the E, coast of the
island of Stronsa, Lon, 2" 26' W, ' Lat, 68° 5ff N,
Odon, t. France,which faUsinto the Orne at Caen,
Odrau, t Austrian states, on the Oder, 36 m, W,
by S, Teschen, Pop, 2,200.
Oe, smaU isl, Denmark, N, of Laataud, Lon,
n*3rE, Lat54°5ffN,
Oebisfeld, t, Prusaian SaXony, on the AUer, 37
m, N, N, W, Magdeburg, 22 N, E, Brunswick.
Fop. 1,200,
Oedckm, t Netherlands, in W, Flandera, 6 m,
E. B, E, Bruges, Pop, 3,000,
OedelfiAgen, or Oetdfingen, v. Wirtemberg, 3
ffl. N, 'W, Mergentheim, Pop, 1 ,300.
Oedenburg, nr Soprony-Ndrmegye, a palatinate
in the west of Hungary. Area, 1,300 aquare
milea. Pop, 165,000. Oedenburg, or Soprony,
the capital, has oue Lutheran and two Catholic
churches, and 12,500 inhabitanta, partly of Hun
garian, partly of German descent. Here are
manufactures of wooHen, glass and potaah, and a
sugar refinery, 37 m, 9, S, E, of Vienna,
Oedetdieim, t, Wirtemberg, near Heilbronn,
Pop, 1,500. _ . _„ „ „,
Oederaniat Oedern, t SMtoOy, 27 m, W, S, W,
Dresden. Pep, 2,000.

O G D
Oehrhblm, v. Denmark, in the islahd of Zealand,
9 m. from Copenhagen,
Oehringen, t. Wirtemberg, 38 m, N, N, E, Stut
gard, Pop,3,400. Itistheresidenceofthepriuce
ofHohenlohe-NeUenstein, .
Oeland, a long and narrow island in the Baltic,
on the S, E, coaat of Sweden, and aepEirated from
the town of Calmar by a narrow strait called Cal
mar Sound, Area, SOO sq, mflea. Pop. 22,000>-
Oelaud is also the narae of an island of Denmark,
in tfae gulf of Lymfiord, about 5 miles long, and
frora 1 to Si broad, Lon, 9° Sff E. Lat, 57° 4' N,
Oels, a principality of Silesia, which now forms
part ofthe government of Breslau, AreEi, 740s^,
miles. Pop, 85,000, It belongs to the dtike of
Brunswick, who derives from it an income Of
15,000/, a year, Oels, the capital, ia 16 m, E, N,
E. Brealau. Pop, 3,800, - •'
Oeke, Langen, or Long Oelse, v. Prusaian s^s,
5 ra. S, S, E, Lauban, Pop. 2,600, >' "'
OeUen, EUen, or Oksniee, t. AuatriEm statea, in
Moravia, 25 m. N, by W. Brunn, Pop, 1,400,
Oelsnits, t. Saxony, oh the Elster, 76 m, S, W.
Dresden, Pop, 2,800,
(Enusie. See Sapieriza.
Oesbyc, V. Denmark, in Sleawick, 6 m, E, Ha
dersleben, Pdp. 1,300,
Oesel, ial. in the Baltic, at the mouth of the giilf
of Riga, belonging to Ruaaia. Area, 1,1#^ sq,'
railea. Pop. including tfae amall adjoining islani
of Moen and Rnnoe, 35,000. The principal town
is Arensberg. Oesthammer, t. Sweden, on the Baltic, 29 m. N.
N.E, Upsal. Pop. 800.
Oestrick, t. Gerraany, in tfae dutchy of NEiaSm,*
on tfae Rhme. Pop. 1,600. *
Oestringen, t Baden, 14 m. E. Spire. Pop.
1,600. Oeteghem, t Netherlands, in West Flanders, 25
m. E, Ypres. Pop. 2,100.
Oetigheim, v. Baden, 2 m. N. Rastadt Pop.
1,000. OetisheiM, t Wirtemberg, near Manlbronn.
Pop. 1,100.
Oetting, New, t Bavaria, 60 ra, E. by N, Ma
nich, Pop. 1,500.
Oettingen, t. Bavaria, on the Wemitz, 69 m,
N. N. W. Munich. Lon. 10° Sff E. Lat 48° 57'
N. Pop. 3,200.
Oex, Chateau d' t. Swiss canton of Vaud, 6 m.
W, by S. Gessenay. Pop. 2,300,
Oeyras, t, Portugal, at the mouth of the Tagus,
8 ra- E, Lisbon,
Ofanto, the modern name ofthe Aufidus, r, Ita-,
ly, which, after flowing through Apulia, falk into
the Adriatic, several miles below the plain of
Canna;, Offenbach, t Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt,
It is the principal manufacturing town in the
grand duchv. It stands on tfae Maine, 4 m. E. S,
E, Frankfort, Pop, 8,000,
Offenbach, v. Bavarian states, 4 m, N, E, Lau-
terach, 33 W, N, W, Worms, Pbp, 1,200.
Offenburg, t Baden, 11 m. Si E, Strasburg.'
Pop, 2,900, '¦
Offranville, t, France, in Lower Seine, 3 m, b,
Dieppe, Pop, 1,600,
Offutfs, p-v, Hampshire co. Va.
Ogden, t. Genesee co, N. Y, w
Ogdetisburg, p-t and cap, St, Lawrence co, N.
Y, at the confluence of the Oswegatchie with the
St, Lawrence, R haa a aafe arid apacioua har-'

O H I
bqtu:, 116.m, N, Utica, 212 N.W, Albany, Here
are numeroua manufactures, and the situation ia
very advantageous for trade,
Ogeechee, r, which riaes in Green co, Geo, passes
by Lexington, Louiaville, and Georgetown, and
flows into Ossabaw sound, at Hardwick, 20 ra, S.
Savannah, Ogdstromen, r, Sweden, which runs into the
Angerniana near Liden,
Ogento. See Ugento.
Oginski Canal, canal in Russian Lithuania,
which joins the Schara and Jasolda, both head
branchea of the Niemen and Dnieper, It thua
fprma a part of a circuitoua water coramunication
between the Baltic and the Euxine,
Oglethorpe, co, in the N, W, part of Georgia, be
tween Oconee and Broad rivera. Pop. 12,29"!', in
cluding 6,435 slaves, Chieftown, Lexington,
OgUo, r. Austrian Italy, which haa ita aource in
the Alps, flows through the lake of Iseo, andjoins the
Po near Boi^forte, about 8 milea from Mantua,
Ogmore, small r. Eng. which falla into the Severn
a few miles W, of Cowbridge,
Ognate. See Ormte.
Ogogno, Cape, cape, Spain, on the coast of Bis
cay, Lon, 2° 40' W, Lat 43° 2ff N,
Ogulin, t Ausfrian stales, 32 ra, E, Fiurae,
Ogurrapoora, t. Hind, in Orissa. Lon. 85° 35'
E. Lat 21°2ff N.
. I Ohain, v. Netherlands, iu South Brabant, a
short distance E. of Waterloo. Pop. 1,600,
Oheteroa, isl. in the Pacific ocean, Lon, 150°
47' W, Lat 22" 27' S,
Ohevahoa, isl. in the Pacific ocean, which has
a circuit of 15 or 16 leziguea, Lon, 139° 2' W, Lat,
9" 42' S,
Ohio, t Alleghany co. Pa. Pop, 832,
Ohio, t, Beaver co. Pa, Pop, 1,128,
Ohio, CO. Va, bounded W, by Ohio river, N, by
Brooke co, E. by Green and Harrison counties,
and S. hy Wood co. Pop, 8,176, Slaves, 440,
Chieftown, Wheeling,
Ohio, CO. Kentjicky, on Uie Ohio. Pop. 3,792,
including 533 slaves. Chief town, Hartford.
Oto, one ofthe U. S, bounded N,,by Michigan
Territory and Lake Erie ; E, by Pennsylvania ;
S. E. by Virginia ; S. by Kentucky ; and W, by
Indiana, It extends from 38° SO' to 42° N, lat.
and from 80° 32' to 84° 50' W, lon. Extent, 40,000
square rafles, or 25,600,000 acres. Pop, in 1791,
3,000; in 1800, 42,156; in 1810, 230,760; in
1820,581,434, The interior parta of the State, and the country
bordering on Lake Erie, are generally level, and
ipsome places marshy. About one third, or one
quarter of the State, comprehending the easier;!
and southeEistern part, bordering on the Ohio riv
er, is generaUy hilly and broken, bul not raoun-
tEiinous. Iraraedialely on the banks of the Ohio
and several of its tributaries, are aumerous tracts
of interval land, of most exuberant fertility. On
both sides ofthe Scioto, and of the Great ^d Lit
tle Miami, are perhaps the most extensive bodies of
rich and level land. In many places are exten
sive prairies, particularly on the head waters of
the Muakingum and Scioto, and between the Sci
oto and the sources of the two JVJiarai rivera.
Some of these prairies are low and niarshy, and
yield spontaneously a large quantity of coarse
grass from two to five feet in height ; others are
elevated, and are frequently called barrens, not
however on account of their sterility, for they are
often fertile. The height af laqd which divides

OH \

535

the waters of Ohio river from Uiose of li*ke Erie
13 the most marshy of any in the State, while the
drieat land lies along the margins ofthe rivera.
Wheat is the principal production. From 70
to 100 bushela of corn are said to.be frequently
produced on an acre. Other kinds, of grain, aijd
various sorts of fruits are also cultivated. Cos-l
is found in abundance along the Ohio in the east
ern part of the State. Salt springs haye been dis
covered and wrought on the Muskingum, a few
miles below Zanesville, and in various other pla;
ces. The Value of the manufactures of Ohio in
1810, was $2,894,290.
The climate ofOhip has been commonly consid
ered warmer in the same .parallels than tbftt of the
Atiantic Statea. The difference waa considered
by Mr, Jefferson, as equal t° W^at would result
frora three degrees of latitude. Observations, how
ever, which have been uiade at Cincinnati, for .a
series of years, seem to prove that there is no
foundation for this opinion ; or at least, if there be
a difference, it cannot equal one third of what has
been mentioned. . The opinion Uiat the climate on
the Ohio is more liable to sudclen and extrepae
changes, and more raoist than that of the eastern
Statea, is equally erroneous, "rhe diseases to
which immigrants are most liable, are bilious at)d
typhus fpyera. This is especially the case with
the natives of New-England and New- York, who
in coming here undergo a change of climate great
er than they seem generally to anticipate. They
should, therefore, endeavor to arrive in the coun
try late in the autuipn ; and before the ensuing
summer place themselves in the mpst healthy sit
uations whicfa can be found. , If, they are careful
in this respect, and in the heat of suraraer ahun
the evening air, and the noon-day sun, aud avoid
what ia denominated a bilious habit, very few will
auffer an attack ; but without such attention, st
seasoning, as it is termed, will probably be expe
rienced the first suraraer after an arrival from the
North. In the aecond, whether the first be sickly
or not, there ia but little danger.
The population of Ohio is made up of emigrants
from every State in the Union, and almost fro^ii
every country in Europe. They have not resided
together long enough lo form fi fixed and uniforta
iphariicter. The mass ofthe emigrants have been,
farmers from the northern and middleStates, who
are in general industrious, temperate and frugal,
possessing much iptelligence and enterprise, 'The
population will probably continue to increase rap
idly for some time to corae ; though not with the
sarae rapidity aa heretofore. The recent extinc
tion of the Indiatktitle to the northwestern quar
ter of the State, cEdied tfae Indian Reservation,
will have an immediate effect on the progress of
population in that quarter. , .
In 1817, the nuraber of rainistera of the several
religious denomination^ waa stated as foUows : —
Preabyteriana, 48; Methodiats, 34; Baptists, 13;
New-Lights ofthe Christian church, 9 ; Seceders,
6; Episcopalians, 3 ; CongregationaUsts,3; raeel-
ings Of Friends in thia Slate and Indiana, 59.
There ia a university at Athens, called the Ohio
University, and another a,t Oxford, called the Mi-,
ami University. One section, or thirt.y-aixth part
of every township has been granted by the govern-
nient ofthe U. Statea for the support of achools,
beaidea three townships for the support ofthe Uni
versities, There are raany incorporated acade
mies in different part? of the State, and a coUege
at Cincinnati,

536

O H I

OKA

It haa been proposed to connect Lake Erie with
Ohio river by raeans of a canal between the Cuy
ahoga, which erapties into Lake Erie, and the
Tusoarawa, oneof the upper strearas of the Mus
kingum, Between these rivera there is now only
a short portage, and ao certain ia il that the two
waters raay be connected by a canal, that in the
law of Congresa, appropriating a portion of the
public landa to the iraproveraenl of inland naviga
tion, 100,0(X) acrea were Eissigned for defraying the
expense of carrying into effect this project. Of all
tfae canala propoaed for connecting the walers of
the lakes with thoae ofthe Miaaiaaippi, thia proba
bly will be firat opened, and will be a great benefit
to the country through which it paaaea. It ia aup
poaed that Lake Erie may be connected with the
Ohio by canala, uniting the branches of the Mau
mee, with a hranch of the Great Miarai, — Three
per cent, of the nett proceeda of the U. S, landa
within the liraits of Ohio, have been given by Con
gress to the Legislature for the purpose of opening
and improving ita roada. The produce of thia
fund haa hitherto been divided araong ao many
roada that very little of the good whicfa waa antici
pated, has been derived from it
The legialature ia compoaed of a aenate and
houae of representatives. The number of repre-
sentativea muat not exceed 72, nor be leas than 36,
The number of aenators raust never be less than
one third, nor raore IhEra one half of the number
of representatives. The repreaentativea are cho
sen annually, and the aenatora biennially, one half
of the aenators being chosen each year. The gov
ernor is chosen biennially, Erad ia eligible only 6
years in any term of 8 years. The judges of the
supreme court, the presidents, and the associate
judges of tfae courts of comraon pleas are appoint
ed by a joint ballot of both housea of the general
asaembly, and hold their officea for the term of 7
yeara, Ohio,r. U, Slates, formed by the confluence of
the Alleghany and Monongahela rivers at Pitts
burg, in the western part of Pennaylvania, It flows
in a southweaterly direction for 945 milea, aepara
ting Ohio and Indiana frora Vii^inia and Ken
tucky, Euad falls into the Misaiasippi 193 miles be
low tfae Missouri, in N, lat, 37°, and W, lon, 89°.
The distance from Pittsburg in a direct line to Uie
mouth ofthe Ohio is only 614 milea. It variea in
breadth from 400 to 1,4(X) yarda, Al Cincinnati,
it ia about 800 yards, which may be regarded as
the mean breadth. Its current is very gentle,
and no where broken by any considerable falla,
excepting al Louiaville, The water there de-
Bcenda 224 feet in 2 railes, producing a very rapid
current ; yet boats have notwithstanding frequent
ly ascended, A canal around these rapids has
been in contemplation for a longtime.
The difference between high and low water on
the Ohio ia uaually about 60 feet, and aometimes
60 feet. When lowest, it raay be forded in seve
ral placea above Louiaville. "The greatest depres
sion is generally in August, Septeraber, and Octo
ber ; the greatest riae in December, March, May
and June. Near Pittaburg, it is frozen over al
most every winter for several weeks. Generally
the navigation is suspended by floating ice during
8 or 10 weeka of the winter. Steara-boata are
found by actual experiment to be well adapted for
the navigation of the river.
Ohio, t GaUia co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 12 Bi,
below GaUipolia. Pop. in 1815, 285.
Ohio, t Clerraont co. Ohio. Pop. 1,803,

Ohio, t Knox co, Indiana, Pop, 877,
Chiapyle Falk, falls of the river Youghiogeny,
in PennsylvaniEi, about SO ra, from its confluence
with the Monongahela, The river is here 80 yards
wide, and the deacent ia about 20 feet perpendicu
lar, Ohiltohoo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 9 mfles
long, and 21 in circumference. Lon, 139° 8' W,
Lat. 9° 5ff S.
Ohlau, t. Prussian statea, 14 m, S, E, Brealau,
Pop, 2,800,
Ohlau, T. PrusaiEm states, which faUs into the
Oder near Brealau,
Ohlm, Upper, t, Gerraany, in Heaae-Darmstadf^
6 ra, S, W, Mentz, Pop, 1,000,
Ohoopee, r, Georgia, which faUs into the Alata
raaha, about 36 ra. below the forka of the latter,
Ohrdruff, t Germany, in the duchy of Saxe-
Gotha, on the Ohr, 10 m, S, Gotha, Pop, 4,200,
Ohmbau, t. Bavarian statea, on the Altmuhl, 6
ra, S. S. E. Anspach. Pop, 2,700.
Ohtakari Islands, amaU ialands on the E, side of
tfae gulf of BoUmia, Lon, 23° 26' E, Lat 64°
ffN, Oi, r. Asiatic Russsia, which falla into the Yen
iaei, in lon, 91° 34' E, Lat 65° 16' N,
Oia, c. A, Russia, which fsiUa into the gulf of
Obakaia in lon, 72° 24' E, Lat 68'^ N.
Oich, r. Scotland, in Inverness-shire, which runs
frora Loch Oich into Loch Ness,
Oickd, r. Scotiand, which falla into tfae head of
the frith of Dornoch.
Oies, Madame aux, small isl. in the St. Law
rence, Lower Canada, at the entrance into Lake
St Peter.
Oignan, small r. France, which falls into the
Saone, near Pontarlier.
Oil Creek, r. Peu wfaich runs into the Allegha
ny, 6 ra, E, Franklin. On the top of the spring
from wfaich il issues, floats an oil, of which many
gallons raay be collected in a day. The ofl has
valuable medicinal properties.
Oil creek, p-t, Crawford co. Pa, Pop, 340,
Oil Spring, p-v. Cataraugus co, N, 'Y,
Oiraare, r, Venezuela, which runa into the Car
ribean sea, in lat, 10° 6' N,
Oirsbeck, t Netherlands, in Limburg, 12 m, N,
E, Maestricht, Pop. 800,
Oirschat, t Nether-lands, in North Brabant, 14
ra, S. Bois-le-Duc, 22 E, S, E, Breda, Pop,4,900.
Oisconsin. See Ouisconsin. '
Oise, departraent, in the N, of Fr<race, on the
river Oise. Extent, 2,400 sq. miles. Pop, nearly
390,000, Beauvais ia the capital,
Oise, r. N. E, of France, which riaes near the
Belgic frontier, flows in a S, W, direction, and
falla into the Seine at Conflans St, Honorine'. It
coraraunicates with the Sorarae by raeans of a ca
nal, and gives name lo two departments, the Oise,
and the Seine-and-Oise,
Oisemont, t. France, in Somme, 21 m. W.
Araiena, Pop, 1,100,
Oitos, a narrow and diflicult pasa of the Carpa
thian raountains, between Moldavia and the dia
trict of Haromszck, in Transylvania, through
which flowa'a river called also Oitos,
Ojeren, lake, Norway, in Aggerhuus, 10 m. E-
Christiania, Itis 24 miles long, bul only 2 wide.
Ojibar, t. Quito, in Guayaquil, 28 leaguea from
Quito, Oka, a navigable r. Eu, Ruasia, which joins the
Wolga, at Niznei-Novgorod,
Oka, small r. A, Russia, which falla into the

OLD

OLD

537

Angara, near Bratskoi, in lon, 101" 4ff E- lat, 66°
6'N. Okefonoco, or Eokefanoke, or Ouaquaphenogau;
or Ekanfanoka, or- Okerfonoke, or Okefaunacau, or
Eeunfinocau, or Oke-jin-a-cau, a swamp, 180 milea
in circumference, lying partly in Georgia, and
partly in Florida. St, Mary'a river riaea in thia
awamp, in lat 30" 34' 48" N, ; and another river,
called the Suwaney, issues from it on the S, W.
Oke-lock-onne, r. which riaes in Uie southern
part of Georgia, and running S, falls into Appa-
lachy bay, in lat 30" 10' N. lon, 84° 25' W,
OkeraJi, t Bengal, in Burdwan, Lon, 87° 15'
E, Lat 23° 28' N.
Okhotsk, one of the four circles in the govern
ment of Irkoutsk, in Asiatic Russia, It extends
along the seas of Okhotzk, KEinitschatka, and An
adir, The townof Okhotzkiaoualongand narrow
ridge, inclosed between tfae sea and the river Ok-
hota, and containa only about 130 houses. It is
supported by being the channel of trade between
Irkoutsk and Kamtschatka. Lon. 142° 44' E. Lat.
59° 2ff N.
Okhotsk, Sea af, a large gulf of the Eastern
ocean, inclosed between Kamtschatka, the circle
of Okhotzk, pEU-t of Chinese Tartary, aud Sag
haUen. Oki, ial. Japan, about 60 miles in circumfer
ence, near the N, W. coast of Niphon,
Okna, t Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia. Il has an
.extensive salt mine, capable of producing about
20,000 tons of saU yearly. 100 m. S, S, W, Jassy,
Okopi, V. AustriEm Poland, at the confluence of
the Fodgorze and the Dniester.
Okso, t. Poland, 46 m, N, by E, Cracow.
Okunevo, fort. A, Rusaia, in Tobolsk, on the Je-
nisei, 220 ra. N. Touroucfaanak.
, Okuneusk, t A. Ruaaia, 220 m. S. W, Tobolsk,
Olargues, t. France, in Herault, 17 m. N, W,
Beziers, Pop, 1,000,
.Olbersdorf, t Austrian States, 7 m. N, W, Ja
gerndorf, Pop. 1,700,
Olbruck, t. Prussian province of tfae Lower
Rhine, 9 ra. N. W. Andernach,
Okchanskaia, fort, A, Russia, 177 m, S, E, Oren
burg, , Old bridge, p-v. Middleaex co, N, J.
Okie, t. Pruasian States, 23 m. E. S. E, Munster,
Pop, 1,000,
..Oldebaarn, v. Netherlands, in Friealand, 12 ra.
S. S. E, Leeuwarden. Pop, 1,100.
Oldebroek, v. Netfaerlanc^, in Gelderland, 10 ra,
S. W. Zwolle. Pop, 1,400.
Oldenburg, a grand duchy in the N. W, of Ger
many, consisting of severEd scattered portions of
territory. The principal part is Oldenburg prop
er, a tract of country bounded N, by the Gernnan
ocean; E. W. and even S. by the kingdora of
Hanover. The grand duke posaeases also the
principality of Eutin, formerly the bishopric of
Lubeck, situated in Holstein, and the lordship of
Birkenfeld, ceded to hira by Prussia, out of the
territory on the Rhine. , The extent and popula
tion of his states are as follows : — Grand duchy of
Oldenburg proper, including the county of Del-
nienfaorst, and the lordships of Varel, Jever, and
Kniphausen, 2,250 sq. mites, with 178,000 inha,b-
itanta; principality of Eutin or Lubeck, 200 aq,
railes, mth 20,000 inhabitants ; lordship of Bir
kenfeld, 170 sq. miles, with 20,000 inhabitants;
total 2,620 sq. miles, and 218,000 inhabitants.
The revenue is computed al 150,000^. sterling.
The grand duchy proper consists almost entirely
 "68

of level ground, and in some places on the coast,
is so low, that it requires large dikes, aa in Hol
land, ¦ to prevent inundations. The prevailing
reUgion ia the Lutheran ; but there are also Cal
vinists and CathoUcs. The grand duke ia a mem
ber of the G ermanic body. In the administration
of hia territories, he is as yet (1820) uncontroled,
having delayed lo convoke a repreaentative assem
bly, though bound to do so by the articles of the
Germanic confederation in 1816, In 1810, he was
expelled from all hia possessions, by Bonaparte .;
but Edter the battle of Leipsic in 1813, he return
ed, and at the congress of Vienna received the
title of grand duke,
Oldenburg, t Gerraany, cap, of the grand duchy
of the same name, on the Hunle, 82 ra. W, N, W,
Hanover, 76 W, S. W, Haraburgh, It ia fortified,
aud has two suburbs, and a raansion occupied by
the grand duke, Lon,. 8° 11' E, Lat 53° ff N,
Pop, 6,000,
Oldenburg, t. Pruasian Stales, 18 m. E, N, E,
Paderborn, Oldenlrurg, t. Denmark, in the duchy of Hol
stein, 32 ra. N. by E. Lubeck. Pop, 1,100.
Oldendorf, t. Germany, on the Weser, ¦23 m, S,
W, Hanover, Pop, 1,300.
Oldendorf, v. Hanover, on the Ilm, 21 m. N. by
W. Gottingen. Pop, 900.
Oldendorf, t Germany, in Brunswick, 15 m. E.
S. E. Pyrmont. Pop. 1,600.
Oldensworth, t Denmark, in Sleawick, 4 ra. N.
Tonningen, Pop, 1,200,
Oldenzaal, I, Netherlands, in Overyasel, 30 m«
N. E. Zutphen. Pop. 2,100.
Oldersam, or Oldersheim, t. Hanover, on the
Ems, 6 ra. E, by S, Embden,
Oldesloe, t. Denmark, in Holstein, onthe Trave,
15 ra, W. Lubec, 23 N. E, Haraburgh. Pop. 1,700.
Here are salt-works on a very large ^CEde.
Oldham, t. Eng. in Lancashire, on a branch of
the Medlock, near ita aource. It has increased
very rapidly within the last 50 yeara, aud an ira
mense number of manufactories have been estab
lished in it, the above strearas being favourable to
their erection, and coal being abundant in the
neighbourhood. The raanufacturea conaiat chiefly
of fuatiana and hats, and cotton spinning. Pop.
16,930, 74 ra, N, E, Mancheater, 183 N, \V,
London, Lon. 2" T W, Lat, 53° 33' N.
Oldhomville, t, Knox co. Ken. ou Wood creek, a
branch of Rock-cEistle river.
Old Head of Kinsale, capo, on tfae S. coaat of
Ireland, in Cork co, 6 m, S. Kinaale, Lon. 8° 30'
W, Lat 61° 37' N.
Oldiskben, t,|perraany, in Saxe-Weimar, 25 m.
N.Weimar, Pop. 800.
Oldland, t. Eng. in Gloucester, 6 m. E. S, E.
Bristol. Pop, 3,641,
Old Man's Boy, bay, on tfae S. coast of New
foundland, 80 ra, E, Cape Ray,
Old Man's creek, r. N, J. wfaich runs into Dela
ware river, 4 ra. below Penn's creek. It sepa
rates Salera and Gloucester counties.
Old Road Town, t St Christopher, 6 ra. W,
Basse Terre, Lon. 62° 4ff W. Lat, 17° 25' N.
Old Salt House, p-v. Lincoln co. Ten.
Old Sheshequin, p-v. Lycoming co. Pa.
Old Town, or Indian Old Town, isl. and t, of
about 200 acres, Penobscot co, Maine, in Penob
scot river, just above Marsh island. Here are
about 300 Indians, with a church and a priest,
Old Town, See Edgortovm.
Old Town. See Skiptm, Md.

538

O L I

O L P

Old Toum, p-t, Ross co. Ohio, 12 m, fr, ChiUi
cothe, Old Town Creek, r. N, C, which runs into Uie
W, side of Cape Fear river, near its mouth,
Olean, (pronounced 0-le ann,) p-t Cataraugus
CO, N. Y. on the Alleghany, 260 m, by water N, E,
Pittaburg, 130 S, W, Cayuga bridge. In thia
town ia the village of Hamilton, which aee,
0i!ean, or Oil Creek, r. Cataraugua co. N. Y.
which runs into the Alleghany, at Hamilton,
Oleggio, or Oleszo, t. Sardinian slates, 23 m. W,
by N. MUan,
Okkma, r. A, Russia, in Irkoutsk, which runs
N. nearly 600 railes, and falls into the LeuEu
Olekminsk, fort and t A. Russia, about 9 m, fr,
the raouth of the Olekraa, 692 N, E. Irkoutsk.
, Oknei-Nos, cape, Eu. Rusaia, on the White
sea, 70 ra. N. Archangel.
Olenek, r. A. Rusaia, which falla into the Frozen
ocean, in lon. 119° E. lat 73° N,
Oleaut, r. Delaware co, N, Y, which runs into
the Suaquehannah,
Oleron, isl. on the S, W, coast of France, oppo
site the mouth of the Charente, 20 railes long.
Extent, nearly 1(X) sq. railes. It is tolerably fer
tile, producing conaiderable quantities of corn
and wine. Its most northerly point is in lon, 1°
11' W, lat45°4ffN,
Oleron, t France, in Lower Pyrenees, 14 m. S,
W, Pau, 45 S. E. Bayonne. Pop, 5,600, ll has
manufactures of cotton stuffs, stockings, and caps ;
also extensive dye-works,
Olette, or Aulette, t France, in Eastern Pyre
nees, 7 ra. S, W, Prades, 15 N, Carapredon, Pop.
1,000, Oley, t. Berka co. Pa, Pop, 1,284,
Olgiate, t Austrian Italy, 17 ra, N, W, Milan,
Olgopal, t. Eu, Russia, in Podolia, 148 ra. E, S,
E, Kamrainiec,
Olgun. See Dulcigno.
Oliapore, t. Bengal, in Baharbund, Lon, 89°
42' E. Lat 25" 22' N,
Olibato, or Libatta, r. W, Africa, which runs
into the Atlantic, 36 m. E. Cape Lopez Gonsalvo,
Oliergue, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 26 m, E.
S, E, Clermont-Ferrand, Pop, 1,800.
Olifant's River, r. S. Africa, runs through the
E, part of the territory of the Cape of Good
Hope, and falls into the Gauritz,
Olifant's River, r. S. Africa, which falls into
the Atlantic, 200 ra. N. Cape Town.
Olikan, small isl. A. Russia, in the Penzinskoi
sea. Lon. 156" Sff E. Lat 60° 2ff N.
Olinda. See Pernambuco.
onto, t. Russian Lithuania, on the Niemfen. 37
m. S. W, Troki,
oute, t Spain, in Navarre, forraerly the resi
dence of the kings of Navarre, 23 ra. S. Pampelu
na, 20 S. W, Sanguessa. Pop. 1,200.
Olivo, x- West Prussia, 4 m. W. Dantzic, re
markable for a treaty of peace concluded here in
1660, between the Swedes and Poles.
OUva, t. Spain, in Valencia, 36 m. S. Valencia.
Lon. 4" 7' E. Lat 39° N, Pop, 5,000,
Olivares, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 18 m, E, Val
ladolid, 90 N. Madrid,
Olive's Island, small isl. off the P. const of New
Holland, Lon. 133" 6ff E. Lat, 32" 46' S,
Olivensa, or Olivenca, fortified I, on the W,
frontier of Spain, in I'stremadura, on the river
Olivenza, which falls into the Guadiana, 9ni. N,
E. of the town. It belon;cJ to PortugEil, until it

was ceded to Spain, at the treaty of Badajoz, ia
1801, The congresa of Vienna, iu 1815, recom
mended its restoration, but hitherto (1820) with
out effect Pop, 4,500, 15 ra, S, E. Elvaa, 42 S,
Evora, Oliverian, r. N. H. which runs into Connecti
cut river, at Haverhill,
Olivet, or St. Martin d' Olivet, t, France, in Loi
ret, 3 m, S, Orleana, Pop. 3,100.
Oliveto, t. Naples, in BsiaiUcata, 45 m. N. E.
PoUcaatro. Pop. 6,000,
Olivetown, t. Morgan co. Ohio.
Olkusz, t. Poland, 16 ra. N, W, Cracow,
Olleria, t Spain, in Valencia, 5 m. S, San Fe-
Uppe, Pop, 4,000.
Olkros, Point, cape and harbor ou the coast of
Peru, Lat 14" 36' S,
Olkrton, t. Eng. in NottinghEunshire, 19 m, N.
N, E. Nottinghara. Pop. 462. :.-
Olliero, r, Austrian Italy, which falls into the
Brenta, a few miles above Bassano.
OlUoules, t. France, in Var, 4 ra. W. Toulon,
Pop. 2,600.
Ohneda, t. Spain,-iu Valladolid, 20 m. S. Valla
dolid. Pop. 2,000.
Olmeto, t Corsica, 9 m, S, W, Baatia, Pop,
1,600, Olmutz, a circle in the Auatrian provinceof Mo
ravia, Area 2,020 aq, miles. Pop, 347,300,
Olmutz, or Halamauts, t, Austrian statea, in Mo
ravia, cap, of the above circle. It atands on the
March, by which it is alraoat aurrounded : it is
atrongly fortified, and well built. The univeraity
was removed to Brunn in 1778, and its place sup
plied by a lyceum. It has severEd manufactori^,
particularly tanneries. Pop. 11,000, 130 m, E,
by S, Prague, 100 N, N.E. Vienna. Lon. 17° 9'
E. Lat 49" Sff N.
Olney, t. Eng. in BuckinghEim co. Lace-making
ia the chief employraenl of the inhabitants. The
residence of Cowper, the poet, was about a mile
frora this tovm ; and many of hia fineat deacrip-
tions are drawn from the contiguous acenery. 12
m. S. E. Northampton, 56 N. W. London. Lon.
0" 41' W. Lat 52° ff N. Pop. 2,268. -
Olona, r. Austrian Italy, which faUa into the Po,
W.of Placentia.
Olonei, ial. Eu. Russia, near the S. coast of Nova
Zembla. Lon. 58" 29' E, Lat 70° Sff N,
Olonetz, a very extensive goverement in the N.
of Eu, RussiEi, lying S, of that of Archangel^and
E. of Finland, between 29° 40' and 40" 2ff E, lon.
and 59° 4ff and 65° 38' N. lat. Area, 87,500 square
miles. Pop, 282,000. Timber, with the product
of the mines jrad quarries, viz, iron, marble, and
vitriol, form the chief exports.
Olonetz, t. Eu. Russia, 84 m. N. E, St Peters
burg, on the Olonza, neEu^ the great lake Ladoga,
Lon. 32" 58' E. Lat 60° 2ff N. Pop, 2,800,
Olonne, t France, in La Vendee, on the sea
coast, with a harbour. 5 m, N,E. Sables d'Ol
onne. Lon. 1° 47' Sff' W, Lat 46°2ff 52" N, Pop.
1,700. Oknzac, t. France, in Herault, 65 ra. S. Mont
peUer, Pop, 900,
Olot, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 20 ra, W, N,.W,
Gerona, It has a variety of raanufactures, viz.
sflk, woollen, and cotton stockings ; rateens, ser
ges, and coarse woollen stuffs; cottons, cotton
yarn, leather and soap. Pop, 15,000,
Olpar, sraall district and t. Hind, in Gujerat, be
longing to the British, The town is in lon, 73° 1'
E, lat 21° Iff N,

O M O
Olpe, t, Prussian States, IS m, N. by W, Siegen,
Pop. 1,600,
Olphea, t. Prusaian States, 17 m, S. S, W, Mun
ster, Pop. 1,000,
Olten, t Switz, on the Aar, 20 m. E, N, E, So
leure, Pop, 1,300.
Olvenstadt, v. Prussian Saxony, 3 m. N, W,
Magdeburg, Pop. 1,1 CK).
Olviopol, t Eu. Russia, in Cherson, on the Bog,
124 ra. N. W. Cherson. Pop. 2,700.
Olyka, t Russian Poland, in Volhynia, 20 ra. E.
Lucko. Pop. 3,600.
Olympia, t. Greece, in the Morea, on the Al
pheus,. Olympian Springs, p-v. Bath co. Ken,
Olympus, a celebrated mountain, Eu, Turkey,
in Thessaly, separated from Oasa, by the famous
Vale of Teinpe, and about 20 ra, N, LEiriasa, Ila
elevation ia about 6,000 feet,
Olympus, Mount, a reraarkable mountain on the
N. W. coaat of Araerica, in New Albion, Lat,
47° IffN.
Om, r. Tobolsk, in A, Russia, which, after a W,
course of about SOOmiles, falls into the Irtysch,
Omagh, t. Ireland, in Tyrone, 14 m, S, Strabane,
22 N.E. Enniskillen.
Omagua, t. Quito, on the N. shore of the Araa-
zons. Lat 4° 9' 17" S.
Oman. See Ommon.
Omara, r. BrEizil, which runs into the Atlantic,
in lat 5° S.
Omasuyos, province, Peru, bounded N. aiid N.
W. by AsEiE^aro, N. E. and E. bjr Larecaja, S. by
the city of La Paz, and W. by Lake "Titicaca.
Pop. 45,000.
Ombo, or Koum Ombo, v. Upper Egypt, distin
guished by the reraains of two teraples. Lon. 32"
ffE. Lat 24" 27' N.
Ombay, ial. in the Eaatern aeaa, between 8° and
9° S. lat. It is 45 railes long from E. lo W. and about
13 broad. 20 ra. W. Tiraor,
Ombrone, • . Italy, in Tuscany, which falls into
the Mediterranean near Grossetto.
Omeerseer, t. Hind, in Cutch. Lon, not ascer
tained, Lat23°4ffN,
OmercU7i(t«;fc,district and tHind. in Gundwaneh.
Theftown is one of the celebrated placea of Hindoo
pilgrimage, being near the sources of the three
great rivers, the Soane, NerbuddEih, ahd Mahan
uddy. Lon. 82° 15' E. Lat 22° Sff N.
Omerpare, t. Hind, in Berar. Lon. 77° 10' E.
Lat 20^ 23' N.
Ommaney, Cape, the S, extremity of King
George the Third's Archipelago. Lon. 225" 37i'
E. Lat 56" Iff N,
Ommen, t NelherlEmds, in Overyssel, 14 ra, E,
Zwolle, Pop. 800,
Ommon, an extensive diviaion of Arabia, cora
prising' the coast that extends frora its eastern ex
tremity to the entrance ofthe Persian gulf. Situ-
-ated, as it were, in the meeting point between In
dia, Arabia, and Persia, Ommon has been always
a apeciea of depot for the comraodities oftheae re
spective countries. The nativea are the best navi-
gatora of Arabia, Rostak is the residence of
the Imam ; but Maskat is the place through which
the country ia chiefly known to Europeanaj
Omo, small ial, in the Eaatern aeas, near the E,
coaat of Araboyna, . Lon, 128° 51' E, Lat, 3° 31' S,
Omoa, or St. Francisco de Omoa, a-p, and fort,
Mexico, in Honduraa, The fort was taken in
1779 by the British, but was soon afterwards reta-

ONE

539

ken by the Spaniards, It is conaidered the key of
Honduraa, Lon. 89° Sff W. Lat. 15° 50' N,
Omolone, i. Irkoutsk, in A. Ruaaia, which falla
into tfae Kolyraa, after a courae of about 250 miles,
Omanphan, small ial, in the Eastern seas, near
thecoast of Samar, Lon, 125" 45' E, Lat 11°
7' N,
Omonville, Fort, small fort, France, 8 m, W, N,
W. Cherburg, Lon. 1° 44' W. Lat 49° 43' N,
Ompomponoosuc, r, Vt. which, Eifler a course of
40 or 50 miles, runs into Connecticut river at Nor
wich. Omrahpoora. See Ummerapoora.
Omrattee, t Hind, in Berar, belonging to the Ni
zam, Lon. 78° 2ff E. Lat. 20" Sff N.
Omree, t. Hind, in Berar, belonging to the Ni
zam. Lon. 77" 64' E. Lat 21" 7' N.
Omskjt. A. Russia, at the junction of the Om
with the Irtysch. A regular and strong fortreas
haa been erected, intended as a barrier againat
the Kirghises, Lon, 74° 54' E, Lat 55".4' N, Pop,
800, Omudwara, diatrict, Hind, in Malwah, between
24" and 25" N. lat It belongs to the Mahrattas,
0«,in Sac. Geog, a beautiful valley of Syria, in
the pachalic of DEimascus, atill celebrated for its
plesisantuess ; also a city of Egypt See Maia-
ria. Onate, t, Spain, in Guipuacoa, 23 ra, N, E, Vit
toria. Pop. 2,100.
Onateta, or St. Pedro, o^e of the Marquis of
Mendoza'a islands, 5 leagues E. Ohittahoo, and as
much to the S. of Ohevahoa. It is about 3 leaguea
in circuit Lon, 138° 6ff E, Lat 9° 5ff S,
Chido, t Spain, in Valencia, 17 ra, E, by N, Se
gorbe, Pop. 4,500,
Oneehow, one ofthe Sandwich islands in the Pa
cific ocean, 40 ra. in circumference, Lon, 199°
45° E, Lat 21° Sff N. Pop. 10,000.
Onega, a lake of Eu. Russia, in the government
of Olonetz, E. of the atill larger lake of Ladoga. It
ia 130 railes long. Like Ladoga, it containa seve
ral islanda. The Svir, a navigable streara, joins
these two lakes,
Onega, r. Eu. Russia, which falls into the White
aea, in a gulf to which it gives narae,
Onega, t. Eu, Rusaia, on the White aea, at the
raouth of the river Onega, 80 ra. S, S, W, Arch
angel. Lon. 37° Sff E. Lat. 63" 5ff N,
Oneglia, t. Italy, in the Sardinian states, cap, of
the Piedmontese province of the same name. It
has a small harbour ; also a traffic in wine, fruit,
and olive oU. 36 m. E. N. E, Nice, 56 S, W, Ge
noa. Lon, 8° 4' E, Lat, 43° 6ff N, '
Oneglia, Ckpe, Italy, in Genoa, Lon, 7° 54' E,
Lat. 43° 53' N.
Oneida, co. N, Y, bounded N. by Lewia co, E,
by Herkimer co, S. by Madison co. and W. by Os
wego CO. Pop. 33,828. Chief towns, Utica and
Rome. Oneida castle, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y.
Oneida, Loke, chiefly in Oneida county N. Y. 20
railes long and 4 broad. It receives Wood creek
al the east end, and communicates with Lake On
tario by Oawego river.
Oneida creek, r. N. Y. which runa N. into Onei
da lake. It is 25 miles long, and afforda good mfll
seats, Onemack, Point, cape on the N, W, coast of
America. Lat 56° N,
Onevy, one of the smaller Friendly islands, near
the N, coastof Tongataboo, 5 m, N, E, Observatory
point.

540

ONT

OOT

Oney, r. Eng. in Herefordshire, which runs into
the Lug, at Leominster.
Ongar. See Chipping Ongar.
Ongok, district, Hind, inthe Camatic, between
15° and 16" N. lat belonging since 1781 to the Brit
ish. Ongole, the capital, ia in lon. 80° 1' E. lat,
1S°31'N. Ongologur, t Hind, in Oriasa. Lon. 85" 20' E,
Lat 20" 36' N.
Onil, t. Spain, in Valencia, 8 m. E, ViUena.
Pop. 2,400
Onion, r. Vt. which passes by MontpeUer, and
runs into Lake Charaplain, 4 ra. N, W, Burling
ton, It ia one of the finest rivers of Vermont, It
is navigable 5 mfles for small vessela, and for boats
40 irtilea to the falls, where il is 15 or 20 roda wide.
Between Colchester and Burlington it has worn
through a solid rock of limestone, forming a chasm
70 or 80 feet deep ; and al Bolton there ia another
chasm at least 120 feet deep,
Onon, r. A, Russia, on the frontier of Chinese
Tartary, ll risea in a mountainous country, and
flows N. E. till, combined with the Ingoda, it forms
the Chilka, which discharges itself into the Amour,
Onondaga, co. N. Y. bounded N, by Oswego co,
E. by Madiaon co. S. by Cortlandt co. and W. by
Cayuga co. Pop. 26,072. Chief town, Onondaga.
Onondago, p-l. and nap. Onondaga co. N. Y. 149
m.W. Albany. Pop. 3,745. It has 2 villages, Onon
daga hollow, where there are a printing-office,
an acaderay and church, and a .Stale arsenal ; and
West hill, whicfa is 2 ra. W. and contains the coun
ty buildings. Gypsura is abundant in this town.
Onondago Lake, in Onondaga co. N. Y. 6 railea
long. It coraraunicates with Seneca river. On its
borders are tfae celebrated S'alt Springs, the largeat
and strongest in America, See Salina.
Onore, s-p. Hind, in Canara, 46 m. N. W, Bed
nore, 80 S. S. E. Goa, Lon, 74" 12' E. Lat. 14°
IffN, Onrust, small isl, near the coast of Java, fortified
by the Dutch. 9 ra. N. W. Batavia. Pop. 3,000.
0ns, small isl. in the Atlantic, near the coast of
Spain. Lon. 8° Sff W, Lat. 42° 23' N.
Onslow, t. Halifax co. Nova Scotia, al the head
ofthe basin of Minas, 35 m. N. E. Windsor, 46 N.
by W. HaUfax.
Onskw, CO. in the S. part of N. Carolina, on the
coast. Pop. 6,669, including 2,299 slaves. Chief
town, Swansborough. At the court-house is a
post-oflice. Ontonagon, r. North-Wcst Territory, which ri
ses in the mounlEiinoua country between Lake Su
perior and Michigan, and after a course of 120 miles
'flows into Lake Superior, 320 ra. W. of the St.
Mary's river, 50 W. of Keweena point. It is the
largest river which flows into the Lake between
Point Iroquois and the Fond du Lar. There is
only a short portage between its head walers and
the Menominie, which falls into Green bay, and the
Chippeway, a tributary of the rivfr Mississippi.
The Ontanagon has long been noted for the large
masses of copper on its banks. A strip of alluvial
land extenda 3 or 4 milea up the river, and is then
succeeded by a wild and hilly country, in which
are the noted copper mines, 32 miles from the
Lake. The large mass of native copper is on the
W, bank of Iheriver, althe water'sedge, imbedded
in a rook of about 5 tons weight, and the quan
tity of raetallic copper in it is estimated by Mr.
Schoolcraft at 2,200 lbs,
Ontario, Lake, one of tho greatest I'akes of N,
America, lying between New- York and Upper
Canada, It is 171 miles in length, 59i in its great.

est breadth, and 467 in circumferencfe. The
depth of water varies very rauch, but ia aeldom
lesa than 3 or more than 60 fathoms. It receives
the watera of Lake Erie through Niagara river
near ita S. W. extremity, and discharges itself into
the ocean, through the river St. Lawrence, which
issues from it at its N. E. extremity. The shores
towa/da the N. E. are low, with raany raarahy pla
cea ; to the N. and N. W. they asaume a lofty
character, bul aubside again lo a very moderate
height on the aouth. All the rivers which flow in
to the lake have a sandy bar across the entrance,
bul there are some fine bays and inlets. Burling
ton bay ia both apacious and secure, but the en
trance ia so shallow as to admit nothing but boats.
York and Kingston harbours, belonging to the
English, and Sackett's harbour to the Americans,
are unquestionably the best upon the lake. The
two latter are strongly fortified, being the arsenals
where ships of war ofthe first rate were conatruc
ted during the late war. Very heavy squalls of
wind frequently occur on the lake, but unattended
with danger where the usual precautions are used,
Ontario, co. N. Y. lately divided. Including the
new county, it is bounded N. by Lake Ontario, E.
by Seneca co, S. by Steuben co. and W, by Gene
aee river, which separates it frora Genesee co.
Pop. 42,026, Chieftown, Canandaigua,
Ontario, t. Ontario co, N. Y, on Lake Ontario,
20, ra, N. Canandaigua, Pop, 904.
Ontiniente, t. Spain, in Valeucisi, 30 m. N. N.W.
Alicante. Pop. 11,700.
Ontario, t. SpEun, in Asturia, 45 m. E. N. E.
Oviedo. Onts, t. SpEun, in AsluriEi, 41 m. E. Oriedo.
Onye, t Hind, in Guzerat, 40 m. S. E. Surat
Onsa, r. AfricEi, in Congo, which runs into the
Atlantic at Mossula, 140 m. S. ofthe ZEiire. Lat
8° 10' S. It is too shallow for navigation.
Onzate, I. Italy, 5 m. S. S. W. Brescia.
Onzoin, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 10 m. S,
W. Blois,
Onzella, r. Spain, which runs into the Aragon,
al Sanguesa.
Oobean, small isl, in the Sooloo Archipelago.
Lon. 120° 22' E. Lat 6° N.
Ood, t. Sweden, 41 ra. N. E. Gotheborg.
Oodapour, t. Bengal, 16 m. E. Coraillah,
Oodeadargam, t. Hind, in Mysore, 31 m. S, E.
Bangalore, 73 S. Seringapatara.
Ook-tib-be-ha creek, r. U. S. in Mississippi, which
runs into Uie Tombigbee from the W, near lat. 33°
20' N , and lon. 88° 3' W. There is anoUier riverof
this name in the same state which runs into the
Chickasawhay, a principal brsmch of the Piisca-
goula. Oolandoor, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 20 m, W,
S. W, Trivadi.
Oolpar, t. Hind, in Guzerat, 10 m. N, Surat
Oonnlshkn, or Unalslika, isl, in the Pacific ocean,
the largest of thoae called the Aleutian or Fox isl
ands. Lon, 169° W, Lat. 54° N.
Oondapotty, t Bengal in Baglana, 15 m, S, No-
assTick. Oonemaft, or Uniak, one of the Fox iafenda in
the Pacific, between Oonelashka and Alaahka,
about 200 milea in circumference. Lon, 194°30'
to 196° 4ff E, Lat. 54° 2ff to 55° 15' N,
Oood, one ofthe smaUer Friendly islanda, 12 m,
N. N, E, Anamooka,
Oostenalah, r, Georgia, in the Cherokee country,
which joina the Etowah to form Coosa river,
Ootampaliam, t Hind, in Dindigul, 50 m, S,S,
W, Dindigul, 68 N, N, W, Palamcotta,

O P P

O R A

541

Oatatore, t Hind, in the Carnatic, 22 ra, N, W
Tanjore, 80 S, W. Pondicherry. Lon. 78° 5ff E
Lat 43° N.
Opara, ial. in the Pacific ocean, diacovered by
Vancouver in 1791. It is ei railea long, and 18 in
circumference. It ia rugged and mountainoua,
yet is estimated to contain 1,600 infaabitants, Lon,
144° ll'W, Lat 27° SffS,
Opatow, t Poland, in SEmdomirz, 16 m, W N,
W. Sandomirz, Pop, 2,800,
Opdousas, co, m tfae S, W, part of Louiaiana,
C^elousas, p-t, and cap, OpelousEis co, Louisiana,
60 m. W. Baton Rouge.
Ophir, in Sac. Geog. a celebrated country frora
which Sotoraon brought gold, precious stones, and
sandalwood, also silver, elepliant'sleetfa, apes, and
peacocks. On the supposition that these articles
were the products of Opfair, some forraer writers
haVe considered it a country oflndia, and others a
country of Africa. But it is now raore properly
regarded agreeably to Gen, x. 29, as a country of
ArabiEi, to which these producta were brought by
trafiic, prob-ably from the E, coast of Africa, and it
has lately been shown that there is a town in Om
mon caUed El Ophir, the centre of a very brisk
trade which was forraerly carried on here.
Ophir, raountain of Suraatra, under tfae Equa
tor, 14,000 feet above tfae level of the sea.
Oporto, city, PorlugEj, in Entre-Duero-e-Minho,
on the river Duero, about 3 milea from ita mouth,
150 m, N. Lisbon, 49 N, Coimbra. Lon, 8° Iff W,
Lat, 41" 9' N. Pop, varioualy eatiraated from
35,000 to 70,000, Tfae river forraa a barred faar-
bour, the entrance of which ia difficult and dan
gerous, and requires apilotand great care lo avoid
the rocks and sand-banks ; Emd on tfais account it
is so secure, that the Portuguese government have
but partially fortified it, Tfae road ia apacious,
and will contain a large fleet
Tfae town ia on an uneven ground, but tfae atreeta
are clean and weU paved. Next to Lisbon it is the
most populous, wealthy, and commerciEd town iu
Portugal, The principal trade ia in wine, ofwhich
upwards of 80,000 pipea are exported annually.
Its coramerce increased after the earthquake at
Lisbon, before that time the population being eati
mated at only 20,000. Here are 12 churches, 9
hospitals, 12 convents, and a naval arsenal.
Oppau. See Troppau.
Oppeln, a district of the Prussian States, in Si
lesia, containing 5,324 square railea, and 604,000
inhabitanta, Oppeln, the capital of the above district, is on
the Oder, 45 ra, S. E, Breslau, 75 N. N. E. Ol
mutz. Lon.I7°5ff E. Lat 50°3ff N, Pop. 3,500.
It contains a castle, hospital, and several churches.
Oppenau, t. Germany, in Baden, 13 ra. E. Straa
burg. Pop, 1,528.
Oppenheim, I. Gerraany, in the grErad duchyof
Hease, on the Rhine, 9 ra, S. E, Mentz, 36 N. N.
W, Heidelberg. Lon. 8° 20' E. Lat 49° 51' N,
Pop 2,100. It was formerly iraperial. It hsis con
siderable trade in wine,
Oppenheim, p-t, Montgoraery co, N. Y, on the
N, aide of the Mohawk, IS m, W, Johnstown, 56
W, Albany, Pop. 2,693.
Oppido, (an. Mamertum,) t. Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, 27 ra N, E, Reggio. Lon. 16° 2ff E. Lat
38° Iff N. Pop, 2,400, It waa destroyedby au
earthquake in 1783, in which 1,200 of the inhabi-
• tants perished. The present town is 3 miles from
the former, Itis a bishop's see,
Opps, V. NorthEunpton co. Pa, 6 m, S, E. Bethle
hem,

Opsoe, t Auatrian Statea, in Istria, 7 m, E, N, E-
Capo d'Istria,
Opturgium. See Oderso.
Opus, isl, Dalmatia, al tfae mouth of the Na-
venza, Oquago, p-v. in Windsoi;, Broome co, N. Y, on
Delaware river, 16 m. E. Bingharaplon.
Or, r. Eng in Suffolk, which runs into the Ger
man ocean, a little below Oxford.
Oran, t. Algiers, 170 ra. S. W. ofthe city of Al
giers. Lon. 0" 2ff W. Lat. 35" Sff N. It is built
on the declivity and near the foot of a high raoun
tain, and ia protected by several castles. In the
year 1509 it was taken by the Spaniards, and re
raained in their possession till 1708. It is a place
of great strength, eis well by nature as by art In
1790, Oran was alraost destroyed by an earth
quake, in which 2,000 persons perished, and little
ofthe town, besidea the outer walls were left atand
ing. Oran, p-v. Onondaga co. N. Y.
Orange, I. France, in Vaucluse. Lon. 4° 48' E.
Lat. 44" 8' N. Pop. 7,270. A univeraity was
founded here in 1365 by tfae emperor Charles V.
In 1622, Maurice of Nassau, prince of Orange,
caused the castle lo be well fortified ; bul in 1660
tfae fort-fications, and in 1673, the castle itaelf were
raaed by order of Louis XIV.
Orange, formerly Cardigan, t Grafton co, N. H.
14 m. S. W. Plymouth. Pop. 229.
Orange, co. Vt. bounded N. by Washington and
Caledonia cos. E. by Connecticut river, S, by
Windsor co. and W, by Addison co. Pop. 25,247.
Chief towns, Newbury and Randolph.
Orange, I. OrEinge co. Vt. 13 m. S, E, MontpeUer.
Pop, 686,
Orange, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Sullivan and
Ulster COS. E. by Hudson river, S. by Rockland
CO, and New-Jersey, and W. by Pennsylvania and
Sullivan co. Pop, 34,347. Chief towns, Goshen
and Newbui^h.
Orange, t. Saratoga co, N, Y. on the Hudson,
Il was formerly part ofthe township of Half-Moon,
and was incorporated as a town in 1816,
Orange, p-t. Essex co. N. J. adjoining Newark,
Pop. 2,266. Here is an academy.
Orange, co, in the central part of Va, Pop,
12,323, including 6,516 slaves, Chieftown, Stan-
nardsville, Al the court-house is a post-olBce,
Orange, co, in the N. part of N. C, Pop, 20, 135,
including 4,701 slaves. Chief town, Hfllsbo-
rough. Orange, p-t. Athens co, Ohio,
Orange, t. Delaware co. Ohio,
Orange, p-v. Trumbull co. Ohio,
Orange, co. Indiana. It is watered by White
river and the Petoka. Chief town, Paoli,
Orange river, S, Africa, which rises in the E.
part of the colony of the Gape of Good Hope, and
Eifler a westerly course of about 600 miles, runs
into the Atlantic, in lat. 28" 30' S,
Orange springs, or Gum springs, p-v. Orange
CO. Va.
Orangeburg, district, S. C. on the N, E. side of
the North Edisto river, 79 m. N. W, Charleston.
Pop, 13,229, including 6,564 slaves,
Orangeburg, p-t. and cap. Orangeburg district,
S, C. on North Edisto river, 40 m. S. S. W. Co-
lumbisi, 77 N. N, W. Charleston, 11 contains a
court-house aqd jail, an academy, and about 20
houses. Orangetown, t. Waahington, co. Maine, 19.ra. F.
Machias. Orangetown, t Rockland co. ,N. Y. 28 m. N.

542

ORE

O R I

New York, 142 S. Albany. Pop. 1,583, It con
tains 2 churches, 1 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for
Baptists, an academy, and several raills,
Oranienbaum, t Gerraany, in Anhalt-Dessau,
6 m, S, E, Dessau, 10 W, S, W, Wittenberg, Lon,
12" 28' E, Lat 51° 4ff N, Pop, 1,560,
Oranienbaum, t. Russia, on the gulf of Finland,
20 m, W, Peteraburgh, Lon. 29° 2ff E, Lat 69"
62' N.
Oranienburg, t, Prussian States, in Branden
burg, on the Havel, 18 m, N, Berlin, 28 N. N, E,
Potsdam, Lon, 13° 19' E, Lat 62° 4ff N, Pop,
2,000, Oransay, one of the amaller Hebrides, S, of Co-
lonsa, from which it is separated by a narrow
strait, Lou, 6° 7' W, Lat 66° 4' N,
Orame, small ial, on the W, aide of the gulf of
BoUinia, Lon, 17° 7' E, Lat 60° 42' N,
Ori, r, France, which runs into the Mediterra
nean, 8 ra, below Beziers.
Orba, r. Italy, which runs into the Bormida, 3
m, below Alexandria,
Orbe, t. Bavaria, celebrated for ita aalt works,
26 ra. E, Frankforl-on-tfae-Maine,
Orbe, t Switz, in Berne,,6 m, S, W, Yverdun,
13 N, Lausanne, Pop, 2,000,
Orbec, t France, in Calvados, 10 m, S, E, Li-
seux, SO E, S, E. Caen, Pop, 3,600,
Orbieu, r. France, which runa into the Aude, 5
m, N, W, Narbonne,
OrbiteUo, t. in the Siennese, but belonging to
Naples, 65 ra, N. W, Rorae, 78 S. Florence, Lon,
1 1° ff E. Lat, 42° 31' N, It ia on the coaat of the
Mediterranean, hsis a good hsirbor, and is well
fortified, Orcelis. See Orihuelo.
Orchies, t France, dep, of the North, 9 ra, S,
W, Toumay, 12 S, S, E, Lille, Pop, 2,778,
Orchilla, sraall isl, in the W, Indies, uceu- the
coast of S. America. The Ismd ia low, and in tfae
form of a crescent or half moon. There ia very
little freah water on the ialand, and the only ani-
mala are goats and lizards, Lon, 66° 6' W, Lat,
11° 62' N.
Ordenbach, i , Prussian Statea, which runa into
tfae Rhine, 2 ra, below Zona.
Ordingen, t, Gerraany, 32 ra, N, N, W, Cologne,
Pop, 2,000.
Orduna, t Spain, in Biacay, 42 ra. S. W. St Se-
baatian, 60 N. E. Burgos, Lon, 2° 57' W, Lat, 42°
56' N, Pop, 2,000,
Orebro, t. Swedeh, in a province of the sarae
-name, on the Hielmar lake, 88 ra. W, Stockholra,
Lon, 15° Iff E, Lat, 59" 17' N, Pop, 2,878, R is
fortified, and carries on considerable trade,
Oreehoua, one of the smaUer Sandwich islanda,
separated from Oneehow by a channel about a
mile broad. It ia of smaU extent, and composed
of naked rook, Lon. 160° ff W, Lat 22" 2' N,
Oregon. See Columbia river.
Oregrund, s-p, Sweden, 34 ra, N, N, E, Upsal,
88 W. Stockholm. Lon, 18" 2ff E, Lat. 60° 2ff N,
It has been repeatedly destroyed by the Rusaians,
Orel, t Russia, on the Oka, 176 m, S, S, W.
Moscow, 464 S, S, E, Peteraburg, Lon, 36° 57'
E, Lat, 52" 5ff N, Pop. 15,524,
Orellana, See Amazons.
Orem. See Oiirein,
Orenburg, t. A, Russia, and cap, of a govem
ment to which it gives name, on the Ural, 260 ni,
N, E, Aafracan, 970 S, E, Petersburg. Lon, 56°
6' E. Lat, 5 1" 4ff N, It ia the great thoroughfare
from Siberia to Eu, Russia, and a place of consid
erable trade. The Scottish Missionary Society

have fixed upon Orenburg for one of their Mis
sionary stations, as it affords opportunities of use
fulness amongthe reaident Mahometans, and those
who visit it for purposes of coraraerce, and haa
ready access to tfae numeroua Tartar fribes which
surround it on all sidea. The New Testament
has been translated by one of the Miaaiouariea into
the Orenburg Tartar,
Orense, city, Spain, in GaUcia, on the Minho,
37 m, S, E, Compostella, 72 W, Astorga, Lon. 7'
Sff W, Lat, 42" 26' N, Pop, 4,600, It is Uie see
of a bishop. It has warm springa, which are sal
utary in several diseases.
Orford, t. Eng. in Suffolk, 19 ra. E. Ipawich, 89
N. E. London. Lon. 1° 31' W. Lat 62° ff N.
Pop. 399. It aends two members to parliament
Orford, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, on the N. shore
of lake Erie, extending back to the river ThEunea,
Orford, p-t, Grafton co, N, H. on Connecticut
river. It contains 2 churchea, and a pleaaant vfl
lage of about 30 houaea,
Orford Ness, cape, Eng, ou the S. E, coaat of
Norfolk. ;.on. 1° ff E. Lat 62° 4' N.
Orford Ness, cape, on the E. coast of New Hol
land. Lon. 218° 9' W. Lat 1 1° 15' N.
Orgelet, t. France, iu Jura, 12 ra, S. Lons le
Saunier, 20 S. PoUgny. Lon. 5° 41' E, Lat 45°
31' N. Pop. 1,224.
Organ, t. France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone, on
the Durance, 17 m, E, Tarascon. Pop. 2,400.
Organ, r. Chinese Tartary, which runa ipto the
SeUngue, in lon. 106° 14' E. lat 60° N.
Orio, or Oira, t. Naplea, in Otranto, 45 m. N,
W. Otranto, 165 E. Naples. It is a bishop's see.
Orient, La, s-p. France, in MorbihEm, 100 m,
S. W. Rennes, 180 W. Paris. Lon. 3° IffW. Lat
47° 45' N. Pop. 17,837. It is at the bottom of a
bay, at the raouth of the river Scorf, The harbor
ia good, but not capable of receiving raEmy shipa
of war.
Origny, t. France, in Aisne, 8 ra. E. St Quen
tin. Pop. 2,400.
Orihuda, or Origuela, t. Spain, in Valencia, 26
m. S- W. AUcant, 31 N. Carthagena. Lon. 1° 5'
W. Lat. 38° 7' N. Pop. 21,000. R is situated in
a fertile country, surrounded by high mountains,
and is famous for the manufacture of curious snuff
boxes, out of the roots of the terebinthus. It is
the aee of a biahop,
Orijwco, or Oronoco, r. S, America, which riaes
in the mount'aina N, W, of Isike PEirima, in lat 5°
N, and lon, 65° W, Its course, for the first 300
miles, ia from N, to S, It then turns to the west,
aud, after a course of 150 miles, receivea the Ca-
aiquiari from the aouth. From the Caaiquiari it
continuea ita course weatward to St Femaudo,
where it receivea from tfae S, W, tfae Guaviari, a
very considerable river. Here it turus northward,
and, after receiving the Vichada frora the west,
pours its waters down the cataract of Atures.
These cataracts corapletely obstruct the naviga
tion of the river. They lie, according to Depons,
740 miles frora the mouth of the Orinoco, and 760
from its source, in lat 5° 4ff N. and ldn. 68° W.
Below the cataracts, 90 mflea, it ia enlarged by
the waters of the Meta, one of ita principal fribu-
taries, which ia 500 mfles long, and navigable 370
miles. Below the mouth of the Meta, 140 miles,
the Orinoco receives from the west the Apura, a
large and deep river, 520 milea long, having nu
merous and wide spreading branches, and more
rapid than the Orinocoyinto which it empties ita wa
ters by many mouths. After receiving tbe Apura,

O R K

0 R M

543

the Orinoco turns to the east, and, sifter a further
course of about 400 miles, divides itself, like tfae
Nile, into a great many branchea, and diachargea
ita waters into the ocean by 50 moutha, the two
most distant of whicfa arc 180 miles apart. Only
7, however, are navigable, and but one of these,
the southern, caUed the Ship's Mouth, for vessels
of more than 200 lons. The Delta of the Orinoco
consists of low boggy lands, in moat places liable
to inundation,Orinsoy, smaU ial. of tfae Hebrides, lyin^ be
twixt Boreray Emd North Uiat, Emd aeparated from
tfae latter by a narrow aound.
Orio, t Spain, in Guipuscoa, on the aea coast,
4 m. W. St Sebastian, Pop. 800,
Orio, t Austrian Italy, 30 m, S. S. E, Milan,
Oriskany, creek, Oneida co. N, Y. wfaich flowa
into the S, side of the Mohawk, in Whitestown,
The village of Oriskany, at ita mouth, contains
extensive cotton and woollen raanufactories. Here
is a post-office,
Orissa, province. Hind, between 16° and 23° N,
lat, bounded E. by the sea Emd Bengal, and W, by
Gundwaneh. It waa formerly an independent
Hindoo kingdom, but waa ffrat conquered by the
Afghana, and afterwarda by the Moguls, towEirds
the end of the 16th century. All the valuable
parta of thia province are now in Uie handa of the
Britiah. Oristano, t. on the W. coaat of Sardinia, on a
fine bay of the aame narae. It ia tfae aee of an
archbishop, 40 m. N. W, Cagliari. Pop, 6,000.
Orivolo, t. Italy, in the States of the Cfaurch,
25 ra. N. W. Rorae.
Orizaba, t. Mexico, in the intendancy of Vera
Cruz, aituated in a vEdley reraarkable for ita ricfa
pasturea, and overshadowed with the raoat ver
dant foreats, above which proudly risea on the W,
the volcEmo of Orizaba, covered with perpetual
snow. Pop, about 8,000, conaiating of whites and
Indiana, 120 m, E, by S. Mexico, Lon, 97" 7' W,
Lat 18° 48' N.
Orjachov, or Orkapusi. See Pereeop.
Orkney Islands, the Orcades of tfae ancients, a
cluster of islands in the North sea, separated frora
the N. coast of ScoUand by Uie Pentland frith.
They are about SO in number ; but raany of thera
are uninhabited. The principsd inhabited islands
are Poraona or Mainlsmd, Hoy, Nortfa Ronald-
- shay, South RonEddshay, Sanday, Stronaay, Eday,
Weatray, Sfaapinahay, &c. All the islands raay
contain about 384,000 acres, divided perhaps in
the following proportions : viz, heath and moss,
occupied as coramon, 294,0(M)acres ; green pasture,
occupied as common, 30,000 ; infield pasture and
meadow, SO,(X)0 ; arable, including gardens,
24,000; total productive land, 84,000; housea,
roada^ tvalla, ditches, 2,000 ; fresh water, 4,000,
Except some stunted birch and hazel bushes, and
a few willows and juniper bushes, there is scarce
a free or shrub to be seen. The animals are amall
horses, black cattle, sheep, swine, and rabbits.
There are large floeka of sheep in fine condition.
The principal exporta are beef, pork, butter, tal
low, hides, salt fiah, oil, feathers, linen yarn, kelp,
with small quantitiea of grain in yeara of plenty.
Tfae importa are wood, iron, flax, coal, sugar, spir
its, wine, snuff and tobacco ; flour, aoap, leather,
hardware, broad blolh, printed Unens and cottona.
The annual exports have aometiraes been estimat
ed at 40,000i. and the iraports at 36,00OZ. Pop. in
lEOl, 24,445; in 1811, 23,238,
Orkub, See Precopia.

Orlamundtt, t. Gerraany, in Saxe-Gotha, on the
Saale, at the influx of the Orla into that river, 14
m, S, by E, Weiraar, 21 S, E, Erfurt, Pop, 2,000,
Orland, t Hancock co, Maine", on the E, side of
the Penobscot, 17 m, N, Castine, Pop, 480,
Orlando, Capo di, cape, on the N, coast of Si
cily, 25 m, 'W,by S. Melazzo. Lon. 14° 41' E.
Lat. 38° Iff N.
Oriau, t Austrian States, 12 ra, N, W, Teschen,
Pop, 900,
Orkan, p-v. Faquier co, Va,
Orleans, t. in the central part of France, cap.
of Loiret, on tfae Loire, The aituation ia favora
ble to tr-dde. Placed alraost in the centre of the
kingdom, and communicating, by means of the
Loire and its tributary atreams, with several fer
tile departments of the interior, it forms a great
entrepot for their productions; while, on theoth
er hand, the foreign commodities imported at
Nantea, La RocheUe, and sorae other smaller
ports, are forwarded tiiither, and subsequently
distributed into different parta of the kingdom.
The chief articlea of export are corn, wine, bran
dy, and fruit. The manufactures are atockings,
woollens, hata^ and leather. It ia the see of a
bishop. Pop, 42,000, 70 ra. N, W. ToUrs, 80 S.
by W. Paris, Lon, 1° 54' E, Lat 47° 64' N,
Orleans, Island of, isl, in the St, Lawrence, 6 m.
below Quebec, 26 miles long, aud 5 broad. The
soil is very fertile in almost every part. Pop, 4,000.
Orleans, co, Vt, bounded N, by Canada, E. by
Esaex co. S, by Caledonia and Washington coun
ties, aud W, by FrankUn co. Pop, 6,838, Chief
towns, Craftsbury, and Brownington,
Orleans, p-t Bamstable co, Mass,20m, E, Barn
stable, 86 S, E, Boston. Pop. 1,248,
Orleans, Territory of. See Louisiana.
Orleans, parish, Louisiana, on the banka of the
Miasissippi. It extends frora Lake Borgne to the
gulf of Mexico, Pop, 24,552,
Orlov, t. Eu, Russia, on the river Viatksi, 26 m.
W, of Viatka, Pop, 3,600,
Ormeo, t. Piedmont, near the Tansu-o, defended
by a strohg castle. 20 m. N. by W. OnegUa, 60 S.
Turin. Pop. 5,300.
' Ormskirk, t. Eng. in Lancashire, 30 m. S. Lanr
caster, 210 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2° 62' W.
Lat 53° 34' N. Pop, 3,064.
Ormuz, ial, in the Peraian gulf, on which was
built a city, once the most splendjd and celebrated
of all Asia, It was the eraporium of the trade of
India witfa Persia, and even witfa Europe, its com-
raoditiea being carried up the Euphrates, and
across the Syrian desert, Ormuz did not owe ils
greatness l(f any n-atural advantages. It is a mere
rock of salt, and produces neither a single article
of provision, nor a drop of water, Ils greatness and
aplendour were due entirely to coraraerce. When,
the Portugueae fleeta had found their way round
the Cape into the Indian seas, their cupidity was
soon excited by Ormuz, They raade several at-
terapts to obtain poasesaion of it, whicfa proved
abortive ; but in 1514, the great Albuquerque
sailed thither with a force so overwhelraing, that
resistance was scarcely atterapted. It continued
one of the main scats of Portuguese power, till the
reign of Shah Abbas, when that ambitious mon
arch, with the assistance of an English fleet, suc
ceeded in wresting it frora them. The Peraian
monarch made it then hia object to tranafer the
trade of Ormuz to Gorabroon, situate.d on the coaat
opposite to it; and at length all the inhabitant)
were ordered to evacuate the place, leaving only

544

O R R

O R U

a Persian garriaon. About the end of the laat cen
tury, Ormuz was taken possession of by the Imara
of Maskat. The fort haa been put into a tolera
ble slate of repair; but it contains only about 500
inhabitants. The whole ofthe ancient city is one
raasa of ruina, Lon. 66° 40' E, Lat, 27° 8' N,
Ornain, smaU r. France, in Meuse, which falla
into the Marne al Vitry,
Ornans, t France, in Doubs. Pop. 3,100, The
inhabitants are eraployed partly in the iron works
of the vicinity, partly in manufactures of leather
and paper, 12 m, S, E. Besan9on, 20 N. W, Pon
tarlier, Orne, department in the N. of France, bordered
by the departments of Calvados, Eure-and-Loire,
Mayenne-and-Sarlhe, Extent, 2,500 sq, railes.
Pop, in .1815, 422,000, The principal mineral
product is iron, the average annual produce of
which is about 8,000 tons. Aleufon ia the cap
ital. Orne, r. France, which riaes near Orne, and
falla into the MoseUe, not far from Metz.
Ome, r. France, which becoraea navigable at
Caen, and discharges itaelf into the EngBsfa chan
nel, about 9 miles below that town.
Omes, t. France, in Meuse, 9 m. N, E. Verdun,
Fop, 1,000,
Oro, Cope d', the E, point of tfae island of Ne
gropont, ancientiy called Cephareus. Lon, 24° 40'
E, Lat, 38° ff N,
Orodada, port on the coast of Peru, 6 m, S, by
W. Payta,
Oromuctd, r. New Brunawick, which falls into
the W, side of St, John'a river,
Oran, t. Switz, in tfae Pays de Vaud, 10 ra, E. N,
E. Lauaanne,
Orano, t. Penobscot co, Maine, on the W, side
of Penobacot river, 5 m, N, Bangor, Pop, 351,
Oronoke. See Orinoco.
Oronsay, one ofthe sraaUer Hebrides, separated
from Colonsay by a narrow channel.
Orontes, r. SyriEi, Emd tfae lEirgesl by which that
country is watered. It rises in Mount Lebanon,
to the N. of DamEiscua, near tfae source of the Jor-
dsm, and, flowing N. falls into the Mediterranean,
in lat 36" N.
Oropesa, the capital of CochabEunba, in Buenos
Ayres, 8 ra. N. Cochabamba, 89 N, N, W, Chu
quisaca, Lon, 67° Iff W, Lat 18° 11' S, Pop,
17,000, Oropesa, t. Spain, in Avila, 20 m, W, by S. Ta
lavera de la Reyna, Pop, 1,400.
Oropesa, Cope, cape on the E, coast of Spain, iu
Valencia. Lon. 0" ff 25'' E, Lat 40° 5' 33" N.
Oropus, t. Greece, in Attica, about 3 miles from
the sea. It commanda the adjacent plain of Tana-
gra, the aubject of frequent contest between the
Thebans and Athenians,
Oroshaso, t Hungary, 28 ra. W. by S. Gyula.
Pop, 6,000,
Oravesi, lake, Ruasia, in Finland, 40 ra, N. W.
lake Ladoga. II is 15 or 16 leagues long,
Oroust,.isl. on the S, W, coast of Sweden, at the
entrance of the Cattegat, 40 m, in circuraference,
Lon, 1 1" Sff E. . Lat 58° Iff N,
Orphans' Bonk, a fishing bank at the S, E, point
of Chaleur bay, on the coast of New Brunswick,
Orphan Island, large ial, Hancock co, Maine,
near the mouth of the Penobscot, between Proa
pect and Orland,
Orpierre, t. France, in Upper Alps, SO ra. S.W,
Gap. Pop, 800.
Orr Water, r, ScoUand, which runs into the Sol

way frith, 10 ra, E, Kirkcudbright, Lon, 3" Sff
W, Lat 54° SffN, " '
Orrell, t, England, in Lancashire, 4i m, N, Liv
erpool. Pop. 2,000.
Orringlon, p-t Penobscot co. Maine, on the E.
aide of the Penobacot, 6 ra, S, Bangor, 32 N, Cas
tine. Pop. 1,341.
OrrsviUe, p-v. Pendleton diatrict, S. C,
Orsero, t, Austrian states, on the W. coast of Is-'
tria, 4 m, N. Rovigno,
Orsha, or Orshan, t. Eu, Russia, in Mohilev,
on the Dnieper, 40 m. N, Mohilev, Lon, 30° 14'
E, Lat, 54° SO' N, Pop. 2,500.
Orskaio, t. A. Ruaaia, in Orenburg, on the Or,
about a mile and a half before its junction with
the Oural. 132 m. E. Orenburg.
Orson's Island, isl, Maine, in the river Penob
scot, at the N, end of Marsh's island.
Orsova, New, or Neu-Orschowa, t, and fortress,
Eu, Turkey, on an iatand in the Danube, The
fortress has been frequently taken and retaken by
the Turka and imperialists, but has remained in
the hands of the fonner since the treaty of Siatow
in 1789, 50 ra. N. by W, Vidin, 100 E, Belgrade,
Pop. 2,800.
Orsova, or Orschowa, Old, fort, Hungary, at the
influx of the Tschema into the Danube, opposite
New Orsova.
Orsoy, t. Pruasian atates, on the W. bank of the
Rhine, 24 ra. S. E. Cleves. Pop. 1,000.
Ort, t. Austria, 15 ra. E. Vienna. Pop. 900.
Orla, t. Sardinian atates, 30 m. N. Vercelli.
Orla, t. Naples, in tfae CapitEraata, 26 ra. S. W.
Manfredonia. Pop. 1,500.
Orta, t Italy, in the Steles of the Church, on
the Tiber. It is the see of a biahop. S6ra. N. by
W. Rorae.
Ortegal, Cape, a well known promontory of
Spain, in GaUcia. Lon. 7" 54' W. Lat. 43° 46'
40" N.
Ortdsburg, or Scytno, t. East Prussia, 80 m. S,
S, E. Konigsberg. Pop, 1,100,
Ortenberg, t Germany, in Hesae-Darmsladt, 22
ra. E. N, E. Frankfort on the Maine, 20 S, E. Giea-
aen. Ortenburg, t. Bavarian statea, 5 m. S. Vflzhofen,
10 W, Passau. Pop, 1,200.
Orthez, t. France, iu Upper Pyrenees, 22 m, N.
W, Pau, and SO E, Bayonne, Pop, 6,200.
Orthosa, or Oriasa, s-p.^Syria, on tfae coast ofthe
Mediterranean, 12 ra, I^. Tripoli,
Ortks-Spitze, the highest mountEiin of the .ius-
trian empire, in Tyrol, Its elevation is 15,IH)0
feet, Orion, or Overton, t Eng. in Westmorelaml, M
ra, N. Kendal. Lon. 2" 36' W, Lat 64° 28' N-
Pop. 333,
Ortone a Mare, t Naples on Abruzzo Cifrn.
on the sea coast. It is the sea of a biahop. 50 m,
E, Aquila, 100 N, Naples. Pop. 6,700,
Ortona di Marsi, t Naples in Abruzzo Cifra-
34 ra, N. by E. Ponte Corvo,
Oruba. See Arubo.
Orvieto, t Italy, in the States ofthe Church, at
the confluence of the Paglia and Chiana, 60 ni. N-
N. W, Rome, It ia the see of a bishop. Here is
a college of Jesuits, Pop. 7,000,
Orville, p-v. Onondaga co, N, Y.
OruriUo, t Peru, in La Paz, on Lake Titiaca,
25 m, N, W, Asangaro,
Oruro, a province of Buenoa Ayres, bounded
N, by Sicasioa, E, by Cochabamba, S, and S, E.
by Paria, and W, and N, W, by Pacajes, Pop.

o s c
8,000, Oruro, the capital, is in a beautiful valley,
70 m, N, N, W, Potosi, Lon, 68° W, Lat, 18°
4ffS, Orwdl, r, Eng, in Suffolk, commonly called Ips
wich water. It unites with the Stour, and forms
the fine harbour of Harwich, It is navigable to
Ipswich, Above Ipawich it takea the name of
Gipping, OrweU, I, Up, Csmada, which runs into Lake
Erie, between Landguard and the North Fore-
lEmd, OrweU, p-t, RuUand co, Vt on Lake Champlain,
48 ra, W. N, Vy, Windsor, Pop, 1,849,
' OrweU, t Oswego co, N, Y.
Orwdl, t Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 755.
Orwell, p-v. Bradford co. Pa.
Orwigsburg, borough and cap, Schuylkill co.
Pa, 27 m, N. W, Reading, Here is an academy,
Orsero, t. Austrian states, in Istriii, on the Adri
atic, 5 m, N, Rovigno,
Orsi Nuovi, t, Auatrian Italy, on the Oglio, 34
m. E. by S, Milan, Pop. 3,000,
Oia, r, Italy, in TuscEmy, which falls into the
Mediterranean at Telaraone Vecchio,
Osacca, city of Japan, the port of Meaco, aitu
ated at the head of a bay of the sarae name, 25 m.
S. W, Meaco, It is the seal of a very extensive
trade, and oneof the most flouriahing citiea in the
empire. Osages, Indians, of the U. Statea, in Arkansaw
and Missouri Territories. The Osages of the Mis
souri are di-rided into Great and Little Osages,
and live in two separate viUagea, which are six
mflea apart, on the waters ofthe Osage river, about
360 mfles above itsjunction with the Missouri, in
lat 37° N. and lon. 96° 4ff W. Their whole num
ber is estimated at 6,000, of whom about 4,000 are
Great Osages, and 2,000 LitUe Osages, The dis
tinction between tfaem is merely nominal, as they
form parts of one nation. — Tfae Oaages of the Ar
kansaw are 2,000 in number, and inhabit several
villages on branches of Arkansaw river, about 150
mfles S. W. of the villages of the Great and Little
Osages, Their principal village is on Verdigris
river, but they have another on Grand river, 25
miles from ita junction with the Arkansaw, in lat
35° 30' N, and lon, 97" 20' W, This last, called
Union, ia fixed upon, by the United Foreign Mia
eionary Society, as one of their stations araong the
Osages, and in the summer of 1820, a miaaion fam
ily, consiating of more than 20 persons, was aent to
occupy it The sarae society have alao lately aent
out another family to reside amgng the Osages
of the Missouri, The Oaages subsist on corn,
pumpkins, beans, fiah, and the fleah of wild ani-
mala. They are remarkably hoapitable, fond of
peace, and particularly desirous of preserving a
good understanding with the people of the United
States, When provoked lo war, they are brave ;
and, in their recent conteala with tfae Cherokees,
have sometiraes conquered vrith far inferior num
bers, Osage, a large river of the U, States, which
riaes in lat, 36° 2ff N, and lon, 96° 5' W, and run
ning N, E. joina the Missouri, by a mouth 397
yarda wide, 133 milea from the Misaiaaippi, in lat,
38° 31' N, and lon, 92° W,
Osage Woman's River, r, Miaaouri which falla
into the N, aide of the Missouri, about 60 mflea
from ita confluence with the Miaaiaaippi, It ia
about 30 yards wide at ita mouth,
Osch, t Netherlanda, in North Brabant, 12 m,
N, E, Bois le Due, Pop, 2,800.
6»

OSS 543
Oschalz, t. Germany, in Saxony, nearthe small
river Colnilz, 18 m, N, W. Meissen, 32 N, W.
Dresden, Pop, 3,400,
Oscherskben, t. .Prussian Saxony, 19 ra, W,S,W,
Magdeburg. Pop, 3,000.
Osero, t. Austrian states, on an island in the Ad
riatic, joined lo the larger island of Cherao, by a
bridge. Pop, 1,500. It ia the see of a biahop.
Osgood, I. Russel co. Up. Canada, on the river
Rideau, which flows into the Ottawa.
Osgyan, t. Hungary, 39 m, N, N, W. Erlau,
Osimo, Italy, in the Stales of the Church. It is
the see ofa bishop. 10 m. S, by W, Ancona, 110
N, N, E, Rome, Lon, 13° 27' 23" E, Lat, 43° 29'
36" N, Pop, 6,700,
Oskol Novoi, t Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 93 ra, S,
E, Kursk, Pop, 2,300,
Oskol Starai, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, 75 ra. E.
S. E. Kursk, Pop, 5,000,
Osma, t, Spain, in Old Castile. It is a bishop's
see. Here Sir 'Thomas Grsdiam defeated a body
of French, on 15Ui June 1813, 40 m. S, E. Bur
gos, 52 N. N. E. Madrid, Pop, 2,000,
Osmanjic, t. A, Turkey, in Sivas, 140 m, N,W,
Sivas, Osmarskoi, t. A. Russia, on the Irtysch, 201 m.
W, S, W, Kolivan,
Osnabruck, or Osnaburg, a province in the S.Vf.
-of Hanover, between the grand dutchy of Olden
burg and the Prussian province of Westphalia,
Area, 920 sq, miles. Pop, 126,000, of whom the
raajority are Lutherans, and the rest Catholics,
A large proportion of this principality consists of
heath, moor, and sandy emineacea, all very unpro
ductive. Of the coarse linen so well known by
the name of Osnaburgs, great quantities are man
ufactured by the inhabitants, Ita public revenue
ia between 50,000?. and 60,000;, aterUng,
Osnabruck, or Osnaburg, the capital ofthe above
province, is on the Hase, It has manufacturea of
coarae woollen, leather, and tobacco. Here are
alao several linen bleachfielda, 70 m, W, Heuio-
ver, 28 N, E. Munster. Lon. 8" I'E, Lat 62° Iff
N, Pop, 9,300.
Osnaburg, p-t. Stark co. Ohio, 5 m..E, Canton.
Pop. in 1819, 580. ['.'/:
Osnabruck, t Orraont co. Up. Canada, on the
St Lawrence.
Osama, t. Chili, 212 m. S, La Conception, Lat.
40° 2ff S.
Ossa, t. Eu, Russia, in Perm, 48 ra, S.W, Perm.
Pop. 1,000.
Ossa, celebrated raountain in the N. of Greece,
in Thessaly, If the S. E. of Olyrapus, from which
it is aeparated by the vale'of Tempo, and the river
Peneus, which flows through it,
Ossabaw, ial, off the coast of Georgia, at the
mouth of the Ogechee, 20 miles in circumference.
Lon. 81° 17' W, Lat 31" 42' N,
Ossabaw Sound, inlet, Georgia, between the
islanda of Great Wassaw and Ossabaw,
Ossegh, V. Bohemia, 18 ra, N. N, W, Leutme
ritz. Osserifdrecht, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant,,
13 ra. N, by W. -Antwerp, Pop, 800,
. Ossetes, a rude'people who inhabit the northern
part of the mountains of Caucasus, They rauster,
on an emergency, 10,000 horse,
Ossett, t Eng, in Yorkahire, SJ ra, W, Wsike'.
field. Pop. 4,083,
Ossiack, v. Auatrian states, 15 m, W, N, W.
Clagenfurtfa, Ossian, t, Allegany co. N. Y. Pop. 216.

o46

O S T

O S W

Ossiek, t Poland, on the Vistula, 19 m, W, S,W,
Sendomir. Ossieri, t. ialand of Sardinia, in Cagliari, Pop,
6,000, Ossipee, t, Straffoi-d co, N, H, 32 m. N, E, Con
cord. Pop, 1,205, There ia a lake of the aame
name in thia township, and alao a mountain.
Ossipee, r. which flows frora Ossipee lake in
N. H, into Saco river in Maine, The raouth of
Little Ossipee, is 12 ra. below,
Ossun, t. France, in Upper Pyrenees, 7 tn. S,W.
Tarbes, 15 N, W, Bagneres, Pop, 1,800.
Ossuna, t. Spain, in Andalusia, 48 ra, E, Seville,
28 W, N. W, Antequera, Pop. 15,000.
Ostabot, t France, in Lower Pyreneea, 6 ra, S,
by W, St Palais, 9 W, Mauleon.
Ostalrick. See Hostalric.
Ostaschkow, t. Eu. Rusaia, in Tver. The chief
employments are the manufacture of leather, and
the building of barks for the navigation of the
Wolga. 108 ra. N, Tver, Lon, 33° 12' 21" E,
Lat. 57° 9' 40" N, Pop. 6,400,
Oste, navigable r. of Hanover, which rises in
Luneburg, and falls into the Elbe near the sea.
Osten, V. Hanover, on the river Oste, 11 ra. N.
W. ,Stade.
Ostend, or Ostende, t. Netherlanda, in West
Flanders, 14 m. W. Bruges. Ils old fortifications,
alao a great earthen mound, and a moat around
the town, are still kept up ; and the approach to it
raay be rendered very difficult, by inundating a
part of tfae aurrounding country. The flat ahore
of Flanders has few good harbours ; that of Os
tend ia reckoned one of the beat. It corarauni
cates by canals with that of Brugea and Ghent on
the W, and with Nieuport on the E. Il exporta
fhe produce of Flanders, aiid, in return, supplies
it 'with colonial and other foreign goods. Since
the peace, of 1814, the former communication be
tween Dover and Ostend has been renewed ; reg
ular post-office packets convey the mail twice a
week, both frora Dover to Ostend, and from Os-
t<?nd to Dover, 35 m. W, by N. Ghent, 66 W. by
N.Brussels, Lon.3° 55' E, Lat 51° 14' N, Pop,
10,500. Oster, t. Eu. Russia, 39 ra. S. Czernigov. Lon,
31" 14'E. Lat50°2ffN.
Osterburg, t Prussian Saxony, 47 m. N. Magde
burg, Pop. 1,500.
Osterby, t. Sweden, in Upland, 28 ra. N. Upsal.
Osterholz, t. Hanover, 10 ra. N. Bremen.
Osterode, t. Hanover, on the Soese, in the moun
tainous district of the Harz, 18 ni. N. E. Gottin
gen, Lon, 10° 16' E. Lat. 51° 44' N. Pop.
4,200. Osterode, t. East Prussia, 38 m. S. S. E. Elbing.
. Pop. 1,700.
Osteroe, one of the Faroe islands, in the NorUi
sea, belonging to Denraark, separated from the E.
side of Stromoe hy a narrow channel. Lat 61"
SffJj. Ostersund, t S'weden, in Jaratland, 100 ra. W.
N. W. tternsand. Pop. 300.
Oiterwdlde, pasa in the mountains of Bohemia,
to the S. E. of Dresden, remarkable for the obsti
nate conflicts of 30th and Slsl August 1813, be
tween the French under Vandamrae, and the Eillied
army. Osterwick, t. Frussian Saxony, on the river Ils,
15 m. W. N. W. Halberstadt. Pop. 2,600.
Ostheim, v. Germany, in Hcsse-Cassol, 19 m. N.
Cassel.

Ostheim, Great, t Bavaria, on the Maine, 4 ro,
N. E. Aschaffenburg. Pop. 1,300.
Ostheim near the Rhoen, t. Bavarian states, but
belonging to Saxe-Weimar, 10 m, S,W, Mein
ungen, Osthopen, t Germany, in Hesse-DarmstEidt, 5
ra, N, Wornis, Pop. 1,800.
Ostia, t. Italy, in the States ofthe Church, near
the influx of the Tiber into the Mediterranean
It is the see of a bishop. In the neighbourhood
Eire extenaive salt-worlQ. 14 m. S. W. Rome.
Ostiaks, one ofthe most nuraerous tribra of Sibe-
risi, aituated chiefly upon the Obi, in the govern
ment of Tobolak. They are extremely hospitable,
but very aimple, timid, and full of prejudices,
Fiah forraa the principal part of their food. They
are in general atiU Pagana, and addicted to many
practicea of very groaa idolatry. They regularly
pay to the Rusaian government their tribute of
fura. According to the census of 1784, the Osti
aks ofthe Obi amounted to 30,981 males.
Ostiano, t. Austrian Italy, on the OgUo, 13 m,
N, E, Cremona, Pop, 3,400,
Ostiglio, t. Austrian Italy, on the N, bEmkof the
Po, 12 m, S, W, Legnago,
Ostiones, small ial, in the Pacific ocean, nearthe
S, coastof Araerica. Lat 4° ION,
Ostrach, v. Germany, in HohenzoUern-Sigma-
riugen, 5 m, E. PfuUendorf, Pop. 1,100,
Ostrau, t. Austri.in states, in Moravia, on an
island in the river Msirch, 7 m, S, Hradisch. Pop,
800, Ostritz, t. Saxony, on the Queiss, 7 ra, S. Gor
lilz. Pop. 1,300.
Ostrog, t, Rusaian Polsmd, in Volhynia. It is
the see of an archbisfaop of the Greek church.
67 ra. N, W. Constantinov. Pop. 4,600.
Ostrogoshk, t. Eu. RussiEi, in Voronez, 50 m. S.
Voronez. Pop. 11,000.
Ostrolenka, t Poland, on the Narew. Pop.
1,100. Ostrov, t Eu. Russia, in Pskov, on an islsrad in
the river Velikaja, 27 m. S. Pskov.
Ostrovo, t. Eu. 'Turkey, in Macedon, 45 m. W.
N. W. Salonica.
Ostrovissa, t. Ausfrian stales, in Dalmatia, (4
m. N. Scardona.
Ostrovna, v. Russian Lithuania, on the Dvina,
17 m. W. Vitepsk.
Oslrow, t. Prussian Poland, 49 m. N. E. Breslau.
Pop. 2,500.
Ostrow, t Poland, 22 m. N. E. Lublin. Pop.
1,500. Ostrsessou; or Schildberg, t Prussian Poland, 21
m. S. S. E. Kalisch, Pop. 1,100.
Ostuni, I, Naples, in Otranto, near the Adriatic,
34 m, E. N. E. Taranto, 60 S. E. Bari. It is Oie
see ofa bishop,
Oswegatchie, t. St Lawrence co, N, Y. on the
St. Lawrence. Pop. 1,245, In this town is Og
densburg, which aee.
Oswegatchie, r. St Lawrence co. N. Y. which
runs into Uie St Lawrence at Ogdensburg, ^ter
a course of 120 miles.
Oswego, CO. N. Y. formed in 1816 out of partsof
Oneida and Onondaga counties ; bounded N. by
Jefferson co. E. by Levris and Oneida cos. S. by
Oneida lake and Onondaga co. and W. by Cayuga
CO. and Lake Ontario.
•Osioego, p-v. and port of entry, Oawego co. N.Y.
on both aides of the river Oswego, at its mouth,
being partly in Scriba, and partly in Hannibal, 60

OTA

O T E

547

m , N, W, Rome, 173 N, W, Albany. Lon, 76° 36
W, L'At, 43° 28' N, The trade of thia place ia
very considerable, and is rapidly increaaing. In
1 809, the value of goods shipped here waa $535,000,
The araount of ahipping in 1816, was 504 tons,
Oswego ia an important military post. The fort
stands on the eastern shore, al the mouth of the
river, Eind is celebrated in the history of American
wars, Oswego, r. N, Y, whicfa issues from Oneida lake,
and runs into Lake Ontario, After a very crook
ed course of 18 miles, it receives the Seneca river,
whence to its moutii is 24 railea. At the mouth of
the river there ia a aafe and good hEU-bour, with
two fatfaoms waler. The channel is coramanded
by a well built fort, on an eminence E, ofthe riv
er. By raeans of locks and canals this river is
made navigable.
Osioego Falls, p-v. Oneida co. N. Y.
Osweil, V. Wirtemberg, near Ludwigsburg.
Pop. 1,100,
Oswaldwhistk, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 3 m, E, S,
E. Blackburn, Pop, 3,512,
Oswestry, borough t Eng, in Salop co. It has
some raanufactures and a considerable trade, 18
m. N, W. Shrewsbury, 180 N, W, London, Lon,
3°ffW. Lat 52° 51' N, Pop, 3,497,
Ossmiano, Oschmiano, or Osmio'no, t, Russian
Lithuania, 30 m. E. S. E. Wflna.
Olabalo, or Otavalo, a province of Quito, 12
leagues long from N. W, to S. E. Otabak, or Ota
valo, the capital, is 30 m. N, E. Quito, 167 S. S,
W, Potosi, Lon, 78" ff W, Lat. 13" ff N, Pop.
15,000, Otaha, one ofthe Socielv islands, in the Paciflc
ocean, situated N. ofUlietea, Lon, 151° 20' W.
Lat 16° Sff S.
Otaheite, or King George the Third's Island,
isl. inthe Pacific ocean, consisting of two peninsu
las connected by a low isthraus about three rafles
acrosa. The larger, Otaheite Nooe, is about 90
miles in circuraference, and nearly circular ; the
lesser, or Tiaraboo, is about 30 miles. The island
has a border of low land, reaching from the beach
to the rising of the hilla, in some places near a
raile, in others hardly a furlong, and in several
points the raountaina abruptiy terminate in high
cliffa, againat which the sea beats, and form diffi
cult passages from one district lo another. The
aoil of the low lands, and of the vallies, whicfa run
up frora the sea between the mountains, ia re
markably fertile, consisting of a rich blackish
mould. In the higher regiona ia found the pre-
cioua aandal-wood, whence the natives chiefly
draw the perfume for the cocoa-nut oil, with
which they anoint theraselves. The bay of Mata
vai affords safe anchorage during eight raonths of
the year, but ia dangerous from December to
March, The inhabitanta of this island are above
the comraon size, and tfae chiefs are a larger race,
few of them being under aix feet The raen are
tall, strong, well limbed, and finely shaped.
The government is monarchical, and hereditary
in one family. There ia alao an ariatqcracy, con
sisting of the chiefs of tfae several districts, some
of whora are suprerae in one district, and exercise
in their own territories aU regal power, yet still
subject to the monarch aa their aovereign para
mount. The produce of this island ia bi-ead-fruit,
cocoa-nuts, bananas of thirteen aorta ; plantains,
a fruit not unlike an apple, which, when ripe, is
very pleasant; sweet potatoea, yams, cocoas, a

kind of arum ; a fruit khovi'n here by the narae of
jambu, and reckoned inosl delicious ; and sugar
cane, wliich the inhabitants eat raw. All theae,
and many others, the earth produces spontane
ously, or with little culture.
During the last eight or ten years, a great
change has taken place in this, as well as in the
neighbouring island E'nieo ; and also in several
other of the Georgian and Society islands. In
the year 1796, the London missionary society
aent out to Otaheite, and other ialands of tbe
South seas, a number of missionaries, to' com-
raunicate the Christian reUgion' to the natives,
who gladly received thera, as well as aeveral
others that were afterwards sent out in the year
1800, In consequence of disturbances in Ota
heite in. 1799, several of the raissionaries were
obliged to take refuge in New South Wales, some
of whom afterwards returned to the islands. For
a period of fifteen years, they laboured, witfa very
little success, lo draw the attention of the natives
from their cruel rites and superstitions, to the su
perior, claims of the Christian faith. At length,
in the year 1814, the number in Otaheite, and the
neighbouring island of Eiraeo amounted to about
fifty, who had volunlEirily renounced idolatry, and
embraced Christianity, From this lime acces
sions were gradually raade to the nurabers of the
native Christians, until at length the whole ofthe
inhabitants of Otfiheite, and of seven or eight of
the neigbouring islands, with very few exceptions,
voluntarily renounced idolatry, and erabraced
Christianity, They have in consequence relin
quished their forraer cruel and degrading super
stitions, and now assemble in congregations of 400
or 500, and occasionally 700 or 800 persons, in
general decently attired, for the purpose of Chris
tian worship. About 6,(K)0 in the several ialanda
have learned to read in the Taheitean language,
which the raiasionariea have given tfaem in a
written forra. In the schools, reading, writing
and arithmetic are taught. The natives also,
with singular induatry, teach each other, Thua
knowledge ia propagated in all directiona. Sorae
of the raissionaries who are best acquainted with
the language, are eraployed in the translation of
the holy scriptures, 'The increase of the popula
tion of Otaheite, in consequence of these, and oth
er co-operating causes, is already visible, A gen
eral reformation of manners has followed the in
troduction of Christianity. The Areoy societies
are suppressed, the practice of infanticide no lon
ger exists, and human sa'jrifices are abolish
ed. Many other degrading practices and super
stitions haile been relinquished ; and the despotic
authority of the sovereign, who is himself a bap
tised convert of the missionaries, is supersed^l by
a code of laws. The useful arts have been intro
duced. The dwellings of the chiefs and people
have been improved, villages have been formed,
and famiUes induced lo live separately, in distinct
houses, instead of being huddled together in one.
Land also has been inclosed, and the cultivation
of sugar commenced on a small acale.
Otakootai, or Wtnooaette, isl, in the Pacific ocean,
3 milea in circumference, discovered by cao-
tain Cook in 1777, Lon, 201° 37' E, Lat,, 19°
51' S,
Otchakov. See Oczakov.
Otego, p-t Otsego co. N. Y. 20 ra, S; W, Coop
erstown, 86 W, Albany, Pop, 1,000.

548

O 'X T

Otego Creek, r. Otsego ,cp. N. Y,. which runs ui-
to the Suaquehannah, in thp town of Otego, after
a course of 28 tfiiles.
Otis, p-t, Berkshire co, Maas. So m, S, E, Len
ox, 116 W. Boston, Pop. 1,111. II formerly con
atituted two towns, Bethlehem' and Loudon,
Otisco, t. Onondago co. N, Y, 87 ra. S, Ononda
go lake, SO W, Utica. Ppp, 759.
Otisco Creek, r.Onondiga CO. N, Y, which runa
into Onondaga lake,
Otisficld, t. Cumberland co, Maine, 40 m. N,
Portiand, Pop, 912.
Olky, t. Eng, in Yorkahire, on the river Wharf,
10 m, N. W, Leeds, 202 N, N. W, London, Lon.
1° 42' W, Lat 53° 54' N, Pop. 2,602.
Otoque, isl, in the bay of Panama, 30 ra, S, S,
W. Panama, Lon,80°2ff W. Lat 8" SffN.
Otranto, or Terra d' Otranto, a peninsular prov
ince forming the S, E. extremity of the kingdora
of Naples, having the gulf of Taranto on the W.
and the Adriatic on the E, Extent, 2,600 square
miles. Pop, 292,000, The most important pro
duct is olives, whole forests ofwhich grow wild.
Otranto, t. in the above province, on tfae Adri
atic, tolerably fortified, but miserably built. Us
harbour is indifferent, 33 ra. E. by N GallipoU,
80 E, by S. Taranto, Lon. 18" 2ff E. Lat. 40° Sff
N, Pop, 2,400.
Otranto Capo di, cape, Italy, on tfae coast of the
Adriatic, a few miles S. of thetown of Otranto.
Otrar, or Farab, t. Independent Tartary, on the
Arsch, 110 m, N, W, Toncat,
Otricoli, t. Stales ofthe Church, 36 m. N. Rome,
Otsego, CO, N, Y, bounded N, by Herkiraer and
Montgoraery cos. E. by Schoharie co, S. by Dela
ware CO, and W. by Chenango and Madison cos.
Pop, 38,667, Chieftown, Cooperstown,
Otsego, t, Otsego c6, N, Y, Pop, 3,810, In thia
town ia the village of Cooperstownj which see,
Otsego, lake in the N, part of the above county,
9 miles long and 3 broad, from 'which the Susque
hannah takes ita riae. It abounds with fine fish,
Otselic, I, Chenango co, N, Y,
Qtselic Creek, r. N. Y, which joins the Tioughni
oga, after a course of 43 miles,
Otsquaga Creek, r. N. Y, -which runs into the S,
side ofthe Mohawk between Minden and Canajo
harie, after a course of 23 railes,
Ottawa, or Nattawo, a river of Boheraia, in the
circle of Prachin, which falls into the Moldau.
Ottawa, or Utawa, r. which rises in the raoun
tains on the N, side of Lake Hurpn, and flows into
the river St, Lawrence above Montreal, after a
dourae of 500 milea. II forraa the boundary be
tween Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Il is
obsfrucled by numerous rapids, and few rivers of
equal' length diacharge ao great a quantity of wa
ter. There are aelllemenls on the banks of the Ot
tawa for tfae diatance of between 100 and 200
miles, OtknaUfV. Baden, on the Murg, 7 m, E, S, E,
Rastadt, Pop, 900,
Ottenbach, v. Switz, on tfae Reuss, 9 m, S, AV,
Zurich, Ottenheim,\. Baden, on tfae Rhine, 7 m, W. N,
'W, Lahr, Pop, 1,000,
Otlensen, v. Denmark, in Holstein, 2 m, W, Al
tona, Here ia the burial place and monument of
Klopatdck, Pop, 1,500,
Otlenstein, t. Prussian Statea, 32 m, W;, N, W,
Munster, Otter Bay, bay on the S, coaat of Newfoundland,
near Cape Ray,

o u c
Ollerberg, t Bavarian States, 5 m, N, ^userslsoj-
tern. Pop, 1,400,
Otterbourne, t. Eng, in Hampshire, 4 m, S, S, W.
Winchester. Pop. 454.
Oiler Bridge, p-v. Bedford co. Va.
Otter creek, r. Vt. which rises in the W. partof
the Stale, and running W. of N. passes by RuUand,
Middlebury, and Vergennes, and faUs into Lake
Champlain, at Ferrisburgh. It ia na-rigable for
aloops 6 miles, to Vergennes.
Otter creek, r. Va. whicfa runs into the Staunton,
in about lon. 79°3ff W, lat, 36° 55' N,
Otter creek, r, Indiana, which flows into the E.
aide of the Wabaah Ii m. above Fort Hjirrison, It
is a fine mill streEim,
Ottemdorf, t. Hanover, in Bremen, 26 m, N, W,
Stade, Pop. 1,800,
Otterae. See Christiansand.
Ottersberg, t Hanover, in Bremen, 17 m, E, by
N, Breraen, Pop, 1,000,
Otterskben, Great, v. Prussian Saxony, near
Magdeburg, Pop, 1,100.
Ottery, St. Mary, t. Eng, in Devonshire, on the
Otter, It carries on some msinufactures of flannel,
serge, and other woollen goods, 10 m. E. Exeter,
160 W, London. Lon. S° IT W. Lat 50° 45' N.
Pop. 2,880.
Otticatta, t. Hind, in the Camatic, Lon. 80° 1'
E. Lat 13° 21' N.
Ottmachau, t, Pruasian States, 6 ra. W. Neisae.
Pop. 1,600.
Ottobeuren, or Oltenbeuren, t. Bavarisi, S4 m. S.
S. E. Ulm, 40 S. W. Augsburg. Pop. 2,000.
Ottojano, or Ottajano, t. Italy, at the base of
Mount Vesuvius, 12 m. E. Naples. The town
and diatrict contain about 14,000 inhabitanta.
Ottoschacz, t. Ausfrian States, 6 m. W. Fiume.
OttsviUe, p-v. Bucks co. Pa.
Ottweiler, t Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 15 m. N. Saarbruck, 31 S. E. Trevea.
Pop. 1,500.
Otumba, t. and cap, of a province in Mexico, 26
ra, N, E. Mexico. Lon, 98° 44' W. Lat 19° 4ff N.
Otungurra, t Hind, in Bahar. Lon, 85° 42'E,
Lat 23° N,
Otway, Cape, cape on the S. coast of New Hol
land, Lon, 143° 2ff E. Lat 38° 51' S,
Ouachitta. See Wachitta.
Oualolde. See OcUalde.
Ouonne, t France, in Yonne, 12 ra, S, W. Aux
erre. Pop. 1,000.
Ouaquaphehagaw. See Okefonoco.
Ovor, t. Portugal, near tho coast, 22 m. S, S, W,
Oporto. Pop, 5,000,
Ouarabiche, r. Guiana, which after a course of
75 railes, enters the Atiantic by nuraerous afreams,
in lat. 9° 49' N.
Ouarangue, sraall isl, in the AUantic, near the
coast of Africa, Lat. 1 1° 32' N.
Ovarrilk, t, France, in Eure-and-Lofr, 15 m.
S. E, Chartrea, Pop, 800,
Ouasiato, raountains in Virginia aud North-
C'tirolina, N, W, ofthe Laurel raountains. They
are 50 or 60 miles wide at the Gap, Emd 450 long,
from N, E, to S, W, They abound in coal, Ume,
and freestone.
Ouch, t. Hind, in Moultan, fributary to the
Ameers of Sinde, Lon, 70° Sff E, Lat, 30° Iff N.
Ouche, T. France, in Cote d'Or, which falls in
to the Saone, 12 m. below Dijon,
Ouchy, or Rive, v, Swiss canton of Vaud, on the
lake of Geneva, 1 ra, S, Lausanne,

OVE

O U N

549

Oadanula, t Bengal, on the W. bank of the
Gangea, Lon, 87" 45' E. Lat 24° Sff N,
Oud-Beyerland, v. Netherlands, in South Hol
land, 14 m, W. Dort Pop. 2,400.
Ouddorp, V. Netherlands, in South Holland, 25
m, W, S, W, Rottenlam, Pop, 1,000.
Oude, province, Hind, between 26° and 28° N.
lat bounded N. by Nepaul, E. by Bahar, S. by Al
lahabad, and W. by Delhy and Agra, 250 milea
long by 100 broad. The whole surface of this
province is flat, exfremely fertile, and well water
ed by large rivera. When properly cultivated,
the land is exceedingly productive, yielding good
cropa of wheat, barley, rice, and a variety of other
grains, cotton, augar-cane, indigo, and poppies.
The inhabitants are about one third Mahometans,
the reraainder are Hindoos of all casts, Oude is
much celebrated in the Eincient hiatorical poems,
as the kingdom of the famous demigod Rama, The
nabob is to a great extent under the confrol of the
British, His revenues are estimated at two mill
ions SterUng,
Oude, or Ayadhya, the ancient capital of the
above province, and long the residence of a Hin
doo dynasty, ia onthe S, bEmkof the Dewah or Go
gra river. After the battle of Buxar (1764J the
nabob founded the city of Fyzbad, on the ruins of
the ancient capital, and Oude ia^now in a ruinoua
state, Lon, 82° 10' E, Lat, 26" 45' N,
Oude Haske, v. Netherlands, in Friesland, 18 m,
S, by E, Leeuwarden, Pop, 900,
Oudenarde, or Audenarde, t Netherlands, in
Eaat Flanders, on the Scheldt, It is unfortified,
but weU built, Emd carries ou raauufaclures of
woollen and Unen, It hsis sustained aeveral sieges,
but is best known in liistory frora the meraorable
victory gained over the French, in 1708, by prince
Eugene aud the duke of Marlborough, IS ra, S,
by W, Ghent, 32 W. Brussels,
Oudenborg, t Netherlands, 11 m, W, S. W, Bru
ges, Pop, 900.
Oudenbasch, t. Netherlanda, in North Brabant,
lira. W.Breda. Pop. 1,700.
Oude-Pekd-A, t. Netherlands, in Groningen, 5
m. S. by W. Winschoten. Pop. 3,000.
Ouderkerk, v. NetfaerlEmds, in South Holland, on
the Ysael, 6 m. E. by N. Rotterdam. Pop, 1,400,
Oouderkerk, v. Netherlanda, on the Amatel, 4 ra,
S. Amaterdara, Pop, 1,700,
Oudewoter, t. Netherlands, in Utrecht, on the
Yssel, 12 nu W, S. W. Utrecht Pop. 1,700.
Oudghir, t. Hind, in Bejapore, bel'ongingto the
Nizam. Lon. 77° 2ff E. Lat. 18° Iff N.
Oudipore. See Odeypoor,
Oudon, t. France, in Loire-Inferieure, on the
N. bank of the Loire, 14 m. N. E, Nantes, Pop,
1,500, Oudshoom, v. Netherlands, in- South Holland,
on a branch ofthe Rhine, 8 ra. E. Leyden, Pop,
1,300, Ovelgonne, t Gerraany, in the grand duchy of
Oldenburg, 16 m, N, N, E, Oldeuberg, Pop, 900,
Oudle, small r. Lower Canada, which, after a
course of little raore than 10 miles, faUs into the
E, side of tfae St, Lawrence, about 40 miles below
the island of Orleana,
Ovenden, t, Eng, in Yorkshire, IJ m. N, W,
Halifax, Pop, 4,752,
Over, t. Eng, in Cheahire, 5 m, W, Middlewich,
168 N, W, by N, London, Pop, 1,796,
Overalls, p-v, Shenandoah co, Va,
Oyerflacque, or Zuidvoam, ial, NetherlEmds, at
tl^e influx ofthe Maese into the German ocean.

Overmeere, t, Netherlands, in East Flapders, 10
m, E. Ghent, Pop, 2,650,
Ouero, r, Mexico, which runs into the bay of
Honduras, in lon, 87° 45' W, lat, 15° Iff N,,
Overschie, v. Netherlands, in South Hollsind, 4
m, W, by N, Rotterdara, Pop, 2,800,
Otierion, v, Eng. in Hants, 3 m. E, N. E, White-
church, 54 W, S, W, London, Pop, 1,178,
Overton, co. West Tennessee, Pop, 5,643, in
cluding 355 slavea, Monroe ia the chieftown. At
the court-houae isa poat-oflice,
Overysschie, or Notre Dame au Bois, t Nether
landa, in South Brabant, 9 ra. S. E. Bruaaels. Pop.
3,500. Overyssel, province, Netherlands, having Gel
derland on the S. W. and Hanover Erad Westphalia
on the E. The aurface is level, Ues low, and con
taina large tracta of marahy ground. The chief
exports are cattie, butter, cheeae, tallow, hides,
wool, and turf; alao linen and timber. Pop.
147,000. Ouessijint. See Ushant.
Oufa, city, A. Rusaia, cap. of the govemment of
Orenburg, on the banks of the BelaiEi, near its
junction with the Oufa. The neighbourhood is
inhabited by a race of Tartars, who appear to be
tfae raost diligent and industrious cultivators of any
of the inhabitants of Siberia. Lon, 56° 18' E, Lat
54° 42'N, Pop, 2,600,
Oiiiaton, or Ouitanon, v. and fort, Indiana, oa
the N; side of the Wabash, 402 ra, above its
mouth,' 130 above Vincennes, Lon, 87° 68' W,
Lat, 40° 30' N. The Wabash is navigable to this
place with keel boats,
Ovid, p-t. Seneca co. N. Y. between Seneca
and Cayuga lakes, 22 ra. S. Geneva, 205 W, Al
bany. Pop. 4,635. It containa 4 churchea. This
town producea excellent wheat.
Ovidiopol, t. Eu. Ruasia, in Cherson, at the
mouth of the Dnieper, 22 ra. S. S. W. Odessa.
Pop. 1,400.
Oviedo, t. Spain, cap. of Asturias, in a plEiju at
the confluence of the Ovia and the Nora, which
fall intothe Nalon. It is a biahop's see, and has
an elegant cathedral. 60 ra. N. Leon, ISO W. N.
W. Burgos. Lon. 5° Sff W. Lat 43° Sff N. Pop.
7,500. Ouisconsin, r. North-West Territory, whicli
runs into the Miaaissippi at Prairie du Chien. It
is iraportant as being a route of coramunication
between the great Lal^es and the river Miasissip
pi. The Ouisconsin is a rapid river, 4 feet deep,
full of sand bars, that are conatantly ahifting. The
hara have only 8 or 10 inches water, but being of
quicksEmd, (oats easily push through them. About
ISO miles from its mouth, is the portage between
this river and Fox river, which flows into Green
bay. This portage is only 1| miles long.
Ouitanon. See Ouioton.
Oukesima, isl, in the Chineae aea, near the coast
of Tonquin, SO ra, in circuraference, Lon. 105°
42' E. Lat 18° 44' N.
Oulabareah, t. Bengal, on the W. bank of the
BhagEirutty or Hoogly river, 80 m. fr. the mouth
of the river, 20 below Calcutta,
Oulard, t. IrelErad, in Wexford co, 5 ra, N,
Wexford, Oulx, t. Piedmont, at tfae junction of the Doria
with the Bardonechia, 42 ra, W, by S, Turin,
Pop, l,200,i
Ownd, t Hind, in Bejapore, 9 ra, from Pooua.
Oundle, t, Eng. in Northampton, 77 m. N, Lon
don, Lon, 0° 2ff W, Lat, 52° Sff N, Pop, 1,883,

550

OUR

O W H

0«o, araall isl, Greece, in the gulf of NapCli di
Roraania, from which town it ia separated by a
narrow strait. It haa a atrong fort caUed Castello
deU'Ova, Lon, 25° 27' E, Lat 36° 39' N.
Ovoco, r. Ireland, in Wicklow, whicfa runa into
the sea, a little below Arklow,
Oural Mountains, a very lofty and extensive
range, which, during the greater part of ita courae,
forraa the boundary between Northem Aaia and
Ruasia in Europe, Thia great chain appears to
take its comraencemenl in the territory of the
Kirghises, between the Caapian and the Aral ;
thence it atretches almost due N. along the aour
ces of ttie Oural, the Tobol, the Emba, the Pet
chora, and the Sosveu From tfae last point its
line is very imperfectly known, but it is suppoaed
to stretch nearly parallel to tfae Obi, till it reach
es tfae afaore ofthe Frozen ocean, wfaicfa it croasea,
and extends through tfae whole length of Nova
Zembla, It is divided into three parts, tfae Oural
of the Kirghises, the Oural rich in minea, and the
desert Oural, "The first and last are very imper
fectly known. The second conlEuns extensive
mines of iron and copper, with sorae of gold, for
the working ofwhich considerable establisliments
have been formed.
Oural, formerly Yoik, r. A, Russia, which rises
in the Oural raountains, in about 64° N, lat. and
fella into the Caapian aea, nearly in 47° N, lat
and 63° E, lon,
Ouralsk, capit-dl city of the Coaaacs of the Ou
ral, on the banka of that river. The Coaaacs who
inhabit it amount to 3,600 males, who are divided
into seven regiments. The place is palisadoed,
and surrounded with an irregular rampart Lon,
52° ff E, Lat 50° 1 1' N.
Ourcha, t. Hind, in Allahabad, and diatrict of
Bundelcund, The territories of tfae rajafa of Our
cha Consist of the town, and a small district around
it, which in the year 1790, yielded an annual rev
enue of 12,000/. Lat 22° 23' N,
Ourcq, r. France, wfaich falla into the Marne
near Liay, Ita water ia pure, and is conveyed by
a canal to Paria, for the supply of that city.
Oitrem, t. Portugal, 12 m, E, S. E. Leyria, Pop,
3,800, Ourfa, or Orfa, the Pachalic of, a division of
Aaiatic 'Turkey, It touchea on the N. and E. the
pEujhalic of Diarbekir, whUe on the S, Erad W. it
ia aeparated by the Euphratea from the deserta of
Syria, Ourfa, capital of the above pachalic. It ia the
seat of a considerable inland trade, being a thor
oughfare for the caravans who pass from Aleppo
into the interior of Persia. It is noted also for
the preparation of Turkey leather. "The inhabi
tants, compoaed of Turka, Arabs, Armenians,
Jews, and Nestorians, are asiid to amount to about
20,000, Lon, 38° 25' E, Lat, 36° 5ff N,
, Ourique, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 89 m. S, S, E.
Lisbon, Pop, 2,300,
Ouro, Rio de, r, which runs through tfae Sahara,
in W, Africa, and falls into the Atlantic, in lat,
23° Sff N,
Ouro, Rio de, r, E, Africa, which faUs into the
Indian aca, in lat. 24° 25 S,
Ouroe, small isl, Denmark, in the Isefiord gulf,
ne.ar the coast of Zealand, 4 m, N, E, Holbeck,
Lon. 11° SffE, Lilt 55° 4ffN.
Ourry's Island, or New Aldemey, one of tho
Queen Charlotte's islands, about 10 rafles long,
and 5 broad. Lon, 16,5° 19'E, Lat, 11° Iff S.

Ovrucz, or Ovratsdh, t. Rusaian Poland, in Vol
hynia, 68 m, N, N, E, Zytoraiera,
Ourvilk, t France, in Lower Seine, 30 m, N,
W. Rouen, Fop, 1,200,
Ouse, r. Eng. which forras the raain drain for all
the watera in the N, E, district of Yorkshire, It
is forraed by the junction of the Ure and the
Swale, and, after receiving the Nid, the Wharf,
the Derwent, and the Aire, unites with the Trent
to forra the Huraber,
Owe, Great, r. Eng, which rises in Northamp
tonshire, and falla into the sea at Lynn Regis, It
is navigable above Downhara, where there is a
good harbor for barges,
Ouse, Little, r, Eng, which rises in Suffolk, and
dividing that county from Norfolk, falla into the
Great Ouae near Downham.
Ouse, or Grand River, r. Upper Csraada, which
riaea in the interior of the country, towards lake
Huron, and falla into lake Erie. There is a bar
across its mouth, on which there is a depth of 8
feet. It ia navigable for small vessels for many
miles.- Oust, t France, in Arrive, 9 m, S. E. St Gi
ron, Pop, 1,300.
Out ard Boy, bay, Canada, on the N, sideof the
river St, Lawrence. Lon. 68° 15' W. Lat 42*
2'N. Outchang-fau, city, China, cap. of Houquang,
and one of the lai^est cities in the world, on the
great river YEmg-tse-kiang, at its junction with
Uie Han, by which, and by its position almost in
the centre of the empire, it enjoys an easy com
mercial intercourse with almost every part of
China. The river, though ncEirly 500 miles from
the aea, is deep enough to float the lEirgest ships,
Ou-tcheou, city, China, in Quang-see. Lon.
110°S2'E. Lat23°2ff N.
Outeyro, t. Portugal, in Tras-los-Mohles, II m,
E, S, E. Braganza,
Outing, city, China, in Yunan. Lon. 102° 6'E.
Lat. 25° Sff N.
Ouville, t. FrEmce, in Lower Seine, 9 in. N. by
E. Yvetot Pop. 600.
Ousuer le Marche, t. France, 20 m. W. Orleans.
Pop. 1,000.
Ouzuer sur Tressee, t. France, in Lofret, 9 m.
E. Gien. Pop. 1,200.
Owasco, p-l. Cayuga co. N. Y, on Owasco lake,
3 m. S. E, Auburn, Pop. 946,
Owasco, lake, Cayuga co. N, Y. 11 miles long,
and 14 broad. It communicates by Owasco creek
with Seneca river.
Owego, p-l. Tioga co. N. Y. on the Susquehan
nah, 10 m. S. Spencer, 170 S, W. Albany. Pop.
1,083. Here are numerous raiUs, aud a brisk
trade is carried on, particularly in salt, gypaum,
and plaster, from Onondaga county, A printing-
press ia eatablished here,
Owego Creek, r. N, Y, which runs into Uie Sus
quehannah, near the village of Owego, after a
coui-ae of 25 railes,
Owen, t Wirtemberg, 18 m. S. E, Stutgard,
Pop, 1,500,
Owen, CO, Ken, adjoining Franklin county,
Owen's Tavern, p-v. Middlesex co, Va,
Owey, amall isl, of the Atlantic, near the N, W.
coaat of Ireland, Lon. 6° 21' W. Lat 55° ff N.
Owhorree, harbor, on the W, coast of Huaheine,
one of the Society islands, Lon, 151° 8' W. L?t
16°S4'S, Owhyhee, isl, in the North Pacific ocean, the

O XT
most easterly, and by much the targest of the
Sandwich islanda. It is of a triangular shape, 97
milea long, 78 broad, and contEiining 4,000 square
milea. The northern extremity ia in lon. 204° 2'
E. lat, 20° 17' N, The whole ialand ia divided in
to six large districts, Amsikooa and Aheado, which
lie on the N, E. side ; Apoona and Kaoo, on the S,
£, ; Akona and Koaarta, on the W, The dia-
tricts of Amakooa and Aheado are separated by a
mountain, called Mouna Kaafa, or The Mountain
Kaah, which risea in three peaka, perpetually cov
ered with snow, and raay be clearly aeen at 120
miles distance. The height is eatimated at 18,400
feet. To tfae nortfa of this mountain the coast con
sists of high and abrupt cliffs. The coast of Ahe
ado is ofa moderate height, and the interior pEirta
appear more even than the country to the N, W.
and leaa broken by ravines. The coaat lo the N,
E. of Apoona, wfaich forma the eastern extremity
of the island, is low and flat ; and the whole coun
try covered with cocoa-nut and bread-fruit trees.
The coast of Kaoo presents a prospect of the moat
horrid and dreary kind; the whole country ap
pearing to have undergone a total change, from
tfae effecla of some dreadful convulsion. The
ground is every where covered with cinders, and
intersected in many places with black streaks,
which seem to mark tfae course of a lava that has
flowed not raany Eigea back, frora the mounlEiina
to the ahore. The souUiem promontory looks
Uke the mere drega of a volcano. Notwithstand
ing the dismal aapect of tfais part of the island,
there are many villEigea acattered over it. The
S, W. parts of .ikona are in the same state with
Kaoo ; but farther to the N, the country faas been
cultivated witfa great pains, and is extremely pop
ulous. In this part of the ialand is situated Kara
kakooa bay. Koaarta extends frora the western-
moat point to the N, extreraity of the island ; the
whole coast between thera forraing an extensive
bay, called Toe-yah-yah, The country is fruit
ful and well inhabited. On the 25th of February,
1794, Tamaahmaah, king of Owfayee, in council
witfa the principal chiefs of the island, assembled
on board his Britannic majesty's sloop Diacovery,
in Karakakooa bay, unanimously ceded the island
to hia Britannic majesty, and acknowledged them
selves to be subjects of Great Britain, It was on
this island that the celebrated captain Cook was
killed on the 14th of February 1779, See Sand
wich Islands. '
Owingsville, p-v. Bath co, Kentucky.
Owl Creek, r. Ohio, whicfa joins the Mohiccou
to form Whitewoman's creek,
OwVs Head, the W. cape at the entrance of
Penobscot bay, Maine,
OwVs Head, cape on the S, E, coast of Nova
Scoiia, Lon. 62° 50' W. Lat 44° 42'N,
Owkh, city, Hind, in Delhi, and district of Ba
reily, on the W. bank ofthe Harowly river, Lon,
79°35'E. Lat28°lff N,
Owram, North, t. Eng, in Yorkahire, 3 ra, N, E,
by N, Halifax, Pop, 5,306,
Owram, South, t. Eng. in Yorkahire, 2 ra, S, E,
HaUfax. Pop, 3,615,
Owskbury, t, Eng, in Southamptonahire, 5 m, S.
S, E, Winchester, Pop. 513.
Oxbow, Great, a reraarkable bend of the river
Connecticut, in the township. of Newbury, Ver
mont, containing 450 acres of the finest meadow
land. Oxen Crede, r. George co. Md, which runa into
fhe Potomac opposite Alexandria.
Oxford, one ofthe central counties of England,

O X F

551

bounded E. by Buckinghamshire, W. by Glouces
ter, S. S. W, and S, E. by Berkshire, N, by North
amptonshire, and N, W, by Warwickshire, Pop.
in 1811, 119,191.
Oxford, city, Eng. in Oxford co, the chief town
ofthe county, and greatly celebrated as a seat of
learning ; its university, from the extent and num
ber of its buildinga and inatitutiona, and the wealth
of ita endowments, being by far the greateat in the
world, and only approached in these respects by
Cambridge, It is delightfully aituated on a gentle
eminence, in a valley, at the confluence of the
rivera Isis and Cherwell, The air ia pure, and
tfae aituEition reraarkably healthy and agreeable.
The High-atreet ia tfae raoat beautiful in the world
for ila length and breadth, for tfae number and el
egance of its public buildinga, and for its remarka
ble curvature, which continusdly preaenting new
combinations of magnificent objecta to the apecta-
tor EIS he, advances, produces Ein uncommonly
striking effect.
The university of Oxford consists of 20 colleges
and 4 halls, eacfa of which forms an establishment
within itself, having ita own atudenta and leacfa-
era, and ita own revenues and regulations, while
they are all united under the government of the
university, of which tfaey forra the raerabers. The
students live all in their respective colleges, either
wholly al their own expense, or partly at that of
the university ; they wear a peculiar dress, and
on their entrance become merabers of the univer
aity. The university acts eis a corporate body,
under a charter which received tfae royal assent
in the reign of Charles I, The oflicera by which
tfae univeraity is imraediately governed, are the
chancellor, the high steward, the vice chancellor,
and two proctors. In addition lo private officers
in each college and hall, who see that due order
and discipline are preserved, and all the liberal
sciences read and taught, there are public lectur
ers and profesaors of the following descriptions :
divinity, Hebrew, Greek, civil law, medicine,
modern hiatory, botany, natural philoaophy, as
tronomy, georaetry, ancient history, anatoray, rau-
aic, Arabic, poetry, Anglo-Saxon, comraon law,
and chemistry. There are 4 terras in the year al
the university, and degrees are taken in divinity,
law, physic, music, and the arts. The total number
of membera in the univeraity booka is about 3,000,
1,000 of whom are maintained on the revenues of
the university, and the rest live at their own ex
pense. The naraes of the 20 colleges are, All
Souls, Balliol, BrazeuNose, Christ Church, Cor-
pua Christi, Exeter, Jesus, Hertford, Liucoln,
MEigdalen, Merton, New college. Oriel, Pembroke,
Queen'a, St, John Baptist's, Trinity, University,
Wadham, and Worcester, Of the other pubUc
bufldinga connected with the university, the pub
lic schools forra, together with the Bodleian libra
ry, and the picture gallery, a splendid quadrangle.
The Bodleian or public library comprises three
extenaive rooma, diapoaed in the form of the Ro
man H, It was founded by Humphrey, duke of
Gloucester, restored and greatly augmented by
the exertions and raunifioence of airThoraaa Bod-
ley, and now probably contains one of the most
valuable collections in Europe. The Clarendon
printing-house is a large and raassy edifice, buil t
in nu, with the profits ofthe sale of lord Claren
don's history of tfae rebellion. Here is the Ctar-
endon or university press. The Radcliffe Ubrary,
one ofthe most aplendid ornaments ofthe univer
sity, was founded by Dr. Radcliffe, and corapleted
in 1749. The Ashmolean museum was founded in

552

P A C

1682. Oxford contains 14 churches, and several
places of worship for diasenters. It aends 4 mera
bers to parliaihent, 2 for the eity, and 2 for the
university. Pop. of the city and univeraity in
1811, 12,932. 98 m. W. by N. London. Lon. 1°
IffW. Lat 51° 46' N.
Oxford, CO. Up. Canada, on the head of the
Thames aud Grand rivera.
Oxford, t, GreenviUe co. Up, Canada,
Oxford, t, Oxford co. Up, Canada,
Oxford, CO, Maine, bounded E, by Somerset and
Kennebeck counties, S, by Cumberland and Ox
ford counties, and AV, by New Hampshire, Pop,
a7,63a Chieftown, Paris.
Oxford, p-t. Worcester co. Mass, 12 m, E,
Worcester. Pop. 1,277.
Oxford, p-t, jJew Haven co, Ct 14 m, N, W,
New Haven. Pop. 1,453.
Oxford, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. 8 m. S. Nor
wich, '1 10 W. Albany. The viUage of Oxford
atanda on Chenango river. Here is an incorpo
rated academy. In this town Eu:e the remEiins of
an ancient fort Pop. 2,988.
Oxford, t. Sussex co. N. J. on the Delaware,
above Trenton. Pop. 2,470.
Oxford, t Cheater co. Pa.
Oxford, t. PhUadelphia co. Pa. on the Delaware,
8 m. N. E. Philadelphia. Pop. 973,
Oxford, p-t, Adama co. Pa,
Oxford, t and port of entry, Talbot co, Md, on
the river Treadhaven, 13 ra, S, by W, Easton, 48
S, E, Ballimore, It is a place of considerable
trade, the shipping of the port amounting in 1816,
t6 13,204 tons,
Oxford, p-t, Caroline co, Veu
Oxford, p-t GranvUle co, N, C, 30 ra, N, by W,
Raleigh, Here are a church and 2 academies,
Oxfard,:p-t. Butler co, Ohio, 20 ra. N. W, Cin
cinnati, The land of thia township belongs to the
Miami university,
Oxford, t Tuscarawas co, Ohio, Pop. 271 .
Oxford, t Guernaey cb, Ohio, 4 m, E, Cara
bridge. Pop, 440,
Oxford, t, Coshocton co. Ohio,

P X c
Oxford, p-t Delaware co. Ohio.
Oxford furnace, p-v. Suasex co, N. Y,
Oxford, Upper and Lower, two towns, Chester
CO, Pa, Pop, 769 and 700,
Oxney, isl, Eng, in Kent, formed by the divided
streams of the river Rother, It is about 7 mfles
long, and 3 broad,
Oxus, r. Central Asia, the principal part of
whose courae ia through Independent 'Tartary, It
rises in the high lands between Thibet and Great
Bukharia, and falla into the Aral aea, sifter a
course of raore than 1,200 railes,
Oyambre, Cape, on the N, coast of Spain, Lon,
4° 17' W, Lat 43° 25' N.
Oyapoak, r, Guiansi, which enters the Atlantic,
near cape Orange,
Oyest. See Ujest.
Oyolava, one of the larger Navigator's islands,
in the Pacific ocean. Lon, 171° 25' W, Lat 14° S,
Oyonas, t, Frsrace, in Ain, 7 m. N, Nantua.
Pop, 1,200,
Oyskavelen, mt, on the coast of Norway, in
about lat 64° Iff N.
Oyster Bay, ji-t Queens co. N. Y. on Long ial
and sound, 26 m. E. New York. Pop, 4,725,
Oyster bay. South, p-v. Queena co. N. Y.
Oyster Harbor, bay, on the S, W. coast of New
Holland. It has a bar, on which there is only 17
feet water. Lon. 1 18° 15' E. Lat 34° 6ff S.
Oyster Haven, harbor, on the S. coaat of Ire
land, 3 m. E. Kmssde harbor.
Oyster Island, isl. near the W. coast of Ireland,
in SUgo bay, 4 m. W. S. W. SUgo.
Oyster Island, ial. in the bay of Bengal, 9 m. S.
S. W. tfae N. point of Arracan river.
Oyster River, r. N. H. wfaich risea in Lee, and-
flows through Durham into Great bay.
Ozama, r. Hiapaniolii, which runa into the aea
below the town of St Domingo.
Ozemoia, fort, A. Rusaia, in Orenbourg, onthe
Oural. It is regularly fortified, and contains a
church, and 200 houses.
Osero. See Osero and Cherso.

Paar, r, Bavaria, which Hows into the Danube
from the S. below Ingolstadt
Paasdarf, v. Lower Auatria, 32 m. N, by E, Vi
enna, Pop, 1,000,
Pobba, sraall ial, Scotland, on the W, coast, 2
ra, fr, the iale of Sky,
Pdblo, smaU lake of Quito, on which is a set
tleraent of the aame name, 40 m, E, Quito,
Pacttjes, province, Buenos Ayres, bounded N,
fay Chucuito, N, E, by Oraasuayoa, E. by La Paz
and Sicaaioa, S, by Oruro, Paria, and Carangas, W,
by the Andes, Pacajes, the capital, is 80 m, S, W,
La Paz,
Pacaamayu, r, Peru, which falla into the Pacific
ocean, in lat 7° 24' S,
Pacaudiere, La, v. France, in Loire, 14 ra, N,
W, Roanne, Pop, 1,700,
Poccalongang, t, and fort on the N, ooast of Ja
va, 282 m, E, Batavia,

Pacem, t. Sumatra, the capital of a kingdom of
tfae same name, 120 ra, S, E. Acheen,
Pachacama, t, Peru, 22 m, S. by E, Lima, Lat.
12° Iff S,
Pacheca, isl, in the bay extending from Panama
to Point Mala, Lat, 8° 3' N,
Pachete, disfrict, Bengal, on the S, aide of Dum
mooda river. Pachete, formerly the capital, ia in
lon, 86° Sff E. Lat. 23° Sff N,
Pachitea, r, Peru, is caUed the Pozuzo at ita
confluence with the Mayro, and joins the Ama
zons, in 8° 46' S, lat,
Paeho, t New Granada, 14 leagues from Santa
Fe, Pachot, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower Cana
da, on the S. aide of tfae St Lawrence.
Pachuco, t. Mexico, in the intendancy of Mexi
co. Its principal trade is in silver. The ground

PAG

P Al

553

on which it standa is 8,141 feet high. 45 m. N, E.
Mexico, Pacific, a narae given to tfae sea which lies be
tween Asia and America, by the Spaniards, who
first navigated it, and who experiencing iu their
first voyagea calm and gentle weather, perauaded
Uiemselvea that it waa tfae same all over. Subse
quent experience, however, ahewed them the con-
trsiry ; for although the part between the tropics
may justify that appellation, no sea is subject, in
higher latitudes, to more violent tempests. It ia
remarkable for the fury of the storms in winter,
and for the dreadful agitation of ita waters.
Packers field. See Nelson,
Pacolet, r. which riaea in N. Carolina, and
unitea with Broad river, at Pinckneyville, in S.
CsiroliuEu Pacolet springs are upon it, 17 m.
above its mouth,
Pacy, t France, on the Eure, 11 m. E. Evreux.
Pop. 1,700.
Padah, t Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 84° 45'
E. Lat. 22° N.
Padan aram, in Sac. Geog. a name of Mesopo
tamia. Padang, a Dutch setUeraent on the W. coast of
Sumatra. It was taken by the Engliah in 1794,
but given up in 1814. It is a great market for
gold. Lon. 99° 5ff E. Lat. 0° 4ff S.
Padang, small isl. near tfae W, coast of Borneo.
Lon, 109° 21' E. Lat 0°Sff S,
Paddytown, t. Hampahire co, Va,
Padenghe, t Austrian Italy, IS m, E, by S,
Brescia, 26 N, by W. Mantua,
Paderbom, t Prussian statea, in the province
of WestphaUa, now aubject to Pruasia, 37 m, S,
by W, Minden, 58 S, W, Hanover, Pop, 5,300,
The bishopric of Paderborn, conlsdning 1,000 aq,
mflea, and 120,000 inhabilEmts, was secularized in
1802, and now belongs to Prussia,
Padiham, t Eng, in Lancsisfaire, Si m, W, by N,
Burnley. Pop. 2,556.
Padoah, t Hind, in Gundwaneh. Lon. 78" 62'
E. Lat21°5ffN.
Pador. See Podor.
Padstow, t. Eng. in Cornwall, on the W. aide of
Padstow haven. Il is conveniently aituated for
trade to Bristol, Wales, and Ireland. 26 m. S. W.
Launceston, 243 W. by S. London. Lon. 4° 55'
W. Lat 50° 33' N. Pop. 1,498.
Padua, a delegation of Auatrian Italy, in tfae
government of Venice. Extent, 860 aq. miles.
Pop. about 270,000.
Padua, city, Austrian Italy, cap. of tfae delega
tion of the aame nsune, in a rich and beautiful
country, near the junction of the Brenta and the
Baechiglione. The houaea are, in general, lofty
and well built, and aeveral of the public edificea
are of magnificent architecture, — 'The univeraity
of Padua waa at one time celebrated throughout
Europe, and waa resorted to by crowds of stu
dents, even from countries beyond the Alps. It
was new modelled in 1814, and now consists of
three faculties, -viz, of raatheraatica and philoso
phy, medicine and law. The nuraber of profes
sora is 32 ; the average number of students not
above 300, 18 m, S, E, Vicenza, 20 W, Venice,
Lon, 1 1° 62' E. Lat 45° 24' N, Pop. 31,000,
Padula, t Naples, in Principato Citra, 14 m, N,
Policaatro, Pop, 6,000,
Paeces, city, Quito, in Popayan, 60 leagues fr,
San Juande loa Llanos.
Paesana, t. Piedraont, on the Po. Pop. 4,600.
Pagahm, an aiicient city of t!i,e Birman empire,
70

on tfae E. bank of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94° 35' E.
Lat, 21" ff N,
Pagayos, araall isl, S- Araerica, at the mouth of
of the gl-eat river Orinoco,
Page, CO. Va, on Ohio river, separated in 1811,
frora Harrison county.
Pages, S' araall rdcky i-sleta in the atrait between
Kangaroo island and the main shore of New Hol
land, Lon. 138" 21' E. Lut 35° 46i' S.
Paglia, small r. Italy, which falls into the Ti
ber, above Orvieto,
Pagliana, or Paliono, t Italy, in the Stales of
the Church, 28 ra, E. by S, Rome,
Pago, isl, in the Adriatic, in the gulf of Quar
nero, 34 miles long. Pop, 4,000, Pago, the chief
town, is 22 ra. N. W, Zara,
Pagoda Bay, bay, on the E. coast of Cochin-
China, Lon, 109° 4' E, Lat, 12° 21' N,
Pagouo Bay, bay, on the E. coast of the island
of Dominica, Lon, 61° Iff W, Lat 16° Iff N,
Pahang, t. Malacca, on the E, coast, 12 ra, fr.
the aea, on a river, the mouth of which is iu lon.
103" SffE. lat3"4ffN.
Poias. See Pias.
Pailaiseau, t. France, in Seine-and-Oise, 7 m.
S, E. VersaiUes. Pop. 1,800.
Pailhes, t. France, in Arriege, 8 ra. W. Paraiers.
Pop. 1,000.
Paimbxuf, a-p, France, in Loire Inferieure, on
the left bank of tfae Loire, near ita influx into the
sea. It serves as a sea-port to Nantes. 28 m. W.
Nantes. Lon. 2° 1' 31" W. Lat 47° 17' 15'' N.
Pop, 4,300.
Paimpol, s-p. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 25 m.
S. W. St. Brieux. Pop. 1,700.
Paimpant, t, France, in Ille-and- Vilaine, 25 ra.
W. Rennes. Pop. 3,700.
Painesville, p-l. Geauga co. Ohio, on Lake
Erie, at the mouth of Grand river. The village is
built on the W. bank of the river, about 3 miles
from its mouth. Painesville has a good harbour,
and is a flourishing place. A bridge, 400 feet
long, is here thrown acrosa the river.
Poinevilk, p-t. Amelia co. Va.
Paington, v. Eng. on the sea-coast of Devoa-
shire, 6 ra. E. Totness. Pop. 1,639.
Painswick, t Eng. in Gloucester, on a brook
whicfa runs into tfae Stroud. 7 ra. S, E. Glouces
ter, 101 W, by N, London, Lon, 2° II' W, Lat
S1°47'N, Pop. 3,201,
Paint, t. Highland co, Ohio. Pop. 775.
Point, t Fayette co. Ohio. Pop, 634,
Paint, t. Wayne co, Ohio, 14 ra, S, E, Wooster,
Pop, 1819, 445,
Paint, tjjRoaa co, Ohio, on Paint creek, 15 m,
S, W, ChilUcothe, Pop. iri 1819, 685,
Point Creek, r. Oluo, which joins the Scioto on
the W, aide, 5 ra, below Chfllicothe,
Painted Post, p-t. Steuben co, N, Y, on tfae Ti
oga, 20 ra, S, E, Bath, 234 W, S, W, Albany, Pop,
954, Painter's cross-roads, p-v. Delaware co. Pa,
Pointer's Harbour, on the W, coast of Cap?
Breton ialand, Lon, 61° Iff W, Lat, 46° 22'N,
Paintvilk, jj-t, Wayne co, Ohio, 15 m, S, E.
Wooster, Paishavntr. See Peshawur.
Paisley/, a large and opulent manufacturing t,
Scotland, on the banks ofthe White Cart, in Ren
frew CO, It contains 16 cfaurches, of which 6 be
long to the established church, 'The chief archi
tectural ornament of the town, is the Abbey
church, which has survived the revolutions of;

554

PAL

many centuries. Paialey ia celebrated for its
manufactures, particularly for all kinds of fancy
goods in aUk and cotton, goods which, for elegance
and beauty, are altogether unrivalled. It ia the
ihief seat ofthe fancy miisUn manufacture. About
5,000 looms are employed in it. Cotton spinning'
and the weaving of coarae cottona for printing,
and of cotton sheeting, are alao extenaively car
ried on, In 1805, the varioua manufacturea era
ployed 29,030 persona, and the value produced
waa about 1,500,000?. For tfae trade of Paialey,
fconaiderable facilitiea are afforded by the river
navigation, and by the Ardrossan canal. The
navigation of the 'While Cart has been iraproved
90, that veaaela of from 40 to 50 tona can now easily
corae up and unload at the quays. Pop. in 1782,
17,700; in 1792, 24,592; in 1801, 31,179; 1811,
36,722 ; and in 1 820, about 46,000. 7 ra, S. by W.
Glasgow, 17 S. E. Greenock, and 3 S. of the Clyde.
Lon. 4° 22' W. Lat. 66° 68' N.
Paito, city, Peru, on the cosiat of the Pacifio
ocean, with a good and well frequented port, 494
m, N. W. Lima, 192 S. W. Guayaquil. Lon. 80°
50' W. Lat 6° 6'S.
Poitan, district on the N, E. coast of Borneo,
contsiining a bay and river of the sarae name,
Pojaro, or Poxarbs, islands ou the coastof Chili,
29 m. N. N. W. ofthe bay of Coquimbo,
Paka, New, t, Bohemia, 9 m, E, N, E, Gitschin,
Pop, 1,700.
Pakefidd, V. Eng, in Suffolk, on the shore ofthe
German ocean, 2 m, S, S, W, Lowestoff, Pop,
328. Pokenham, Point, low point of an inlet in Prince
William sound, on the N.W. coast of America.
Lon. 219°2ffE. Lat. 60° 594 ]^f.,
Pakir, a-p. on the coast of Haidramaut, in Ara
bia, 132 ra. S. W, Haasec, 25 E. Dofar,
, Pakratz, t. Austrian states, in Sclavonia, 23 m,
AV. N, W, Posega, It is the aee of the Greek
bishop of Scavonia, Pop, 1,600.
Paks, t. Hungary, near the Danube, 62 m. S.
Buda, Lon. 18° 52' 45" E, Lat, 46" 37' 36' N.
Palachy, t. India^ in Coimbetoor, Lon, 77" 8'
E, Lat 11° 47' N,
Palacios, Los, t. Spain, 13 ra, S. by E, Seville,
Pala-schory, v. Greece, in the Morea, occupy
ing the site of the ancient Sparta,
Polofugd, t, and proraontory, Spain, in Cata
lonia, near Palamos, and 28 ra. E. S, E, Gerona,
Polagania, t. Sicily, in the Vsd di Noto, 30 ra,
N, W, Syracuse.
Polaio Phanara, v, Greece, in the Morea, 7 ra,
S, E, Pfaloka.
Palamcotta, t. India, in the Cfirnatie. Lon, 79°
¦42'E.,Latl1»4ff N,
Palamcotta, t. India, in Tinnevelley, Lon. 77°
Sff E. Lat, 8° 42' N.
Palamos, t. Spain, in Catalonia, on a bay of the
Mediterranean, 27 m. E. S. E. Gerona.
Palamow, district, Bengal. Palamow, the cap
ital, ia on the E, sideof Coyle river, Lon, 78° 10'
E, Lat, 23" 52' N.
Palandtt, province, Quito, with a town of the
same name, on the river Palanda. •Lat 4° 48' S.
Palank, v. Hungary, 25 m, N, E, Gran.
Palaputty, t India, in Dindigul, Lon, 78° Iff
E. LatlO"4ffN,
Palar, r. India, which risea in Mysore, and after
a course of 220 miles, falls into the bay of Bengal,
near Sadras,
Palatinate, Lower, or Palatinate of the Rhine,
formerly a province of Germany, on the W.

PAL
sideofthc Rhine, between 49°and 60° N, lat. Ex
tent, 1,600 square mflea. Pop. 305,000, In 1814,
the northern part waa ceded to Hease-Darnistadt,
and the aouthern part to Austria, who ceded it the
following year to Bavaria, as part of the indemni
ties for the Tyrol a.nd Salzburg,
Palatinate, Upper, formerly a province of Ger
many, bordering on Bohemia, and now forming
part of the circlea of the Regen and the Upper
Maine, in the kingdom of Bavsiria, Area, 2,760
aquare raUea, Pop, 290,000.
Palatine, p-t. Montgomery co. N. Y. on the N.
aide of the Mohawk, 51 ra. W. N. W. Albany.
Pop. 3,111.
Palatine Bridge, p-v. Montgoraery co. N. Y.
Palalsha, v. Natolia, in Aaia Minor, near the
coaat of the Mediterranean. It ia supposed by
Spon to be on the aite of the ancient Mfletns, Lon,
27°12'E, Lat 37° 31' N,
Palawan Isle, isl, in the Eastem aeas, lying north
of Borneo. Itis about 276 mUes long and 32 broad.
It ia little known to Europeana,
Palasoh, t Piedmont, 12 m. W, N, W, Casale,
27E, N, E, Turin,
Palazzolo, t Sicily, in the Val di Noto, 20 m, W.
Syracuse. Pop, 6,000.
Polazsulo, t Tuscany, 23 m. N, E, Florence.
Palassuolo, t Austrian Italy, on the OgUo, 14
m. E, S. E, Bergamo, Pop. 3,100.
Palcati Nor, or Balkosh, lake of Northem Tar
tary, 700 m. E. from the Aral. It is about 200
miles long from N. to S. Eind 110 from E. to W.
Pakate, t. Bengal, in Chuta Nagpore. Lon. 85"
E. Lat22°6ffN.
Poke. See Pardee.
Poke, t Hind, in Oude. Lon. 79° 4ff E. Lat-
27° 32' N.
Pokmbang, a district of Sumatra, on the N. E-
coast, extending along the river Palembang. The
articles of coramerce supplied by this country are,
pepper, rattsras, silk, cotton, damor, ivory, sifl-
phur, salt, wax, rice, tobacco, areca, buffaloe?,
and gold. The pepper trade at Palembang -was
formerly exclusively in the hsmds of the Dutch ;
but the most considerable article of commerce
was the tin of Banea. The power of the monarch
is unUmiled. He has no revenue except what is
derived from hia monopolies. The Mahometan re
Ugion prevails throughout all the dominions ofthe
sultan. In 1812, the kingdom of Palembang wa»
conquered by a handful of British froopa under
the orders of colonel GiUespie, The sultan, who
had raade fairaself universEdly odious by his atro
cious cruelties, and particularly obnoxioua to the
British by his unprovoked massacre of the Euro-
pesraa reaident in hia capital, -was dethroned, and
his brother raised to the throne in his atead,
Palembang, or Palimbang, tfae capital of the
above diafrict, and the emporiura of the inland
comraerce of Suraatra, is on the left bank, and
above the Delta of Uie river Palembang, about 60
milea from the sea, Lon, 104° 54' E, Lat 2° 58'
51" S. Pop. between 20 and 30,000,
Palembang, r. on which the above city is situ
ated, falls into the afrsiits of Banea, in lat 2° 18' S.
and lon. 105° 8' E. There is a bar on which the
depth is only two fathoms and a quarter at low wa
ter. Palemberdy, t. India, in Madura. Lon. 78° 23'
E. Lat. 9° 26' N.
Palencia, district, Spain, comprising the N. E.
part ofthe province of Leon, Area, 1,820 square
miles, ¦ Pop, 119,000,

PAL
Valencia, the chief town of the above province,
Is on the river Carrion, 65 m, S, E, Leon, 122 N,
by W, Madrid, Lon. 4° 34' W, Lat 42° Iff N,
Pop, 8,300.
PcU^oli, s-p, Caramania, in A, Turkey, 120 ra,
S< Konieh,
Palermo, a large and beautiful city of Sicily,
the capital of the island, situated on the N, coast.
It stands on the W, shore of a bay, in an extensive
and beautiful plsdn. The principal sfreeta are
spacious Eind handsorae ; tfae housea have in gen
eral eomething atriking in their architecture, Aa
to fortifications, Palerrao on the sea side is not
afrong, while on the land aide it ia altogether open.
The number of reUgioua eatablishmenta is sur
prising, there being above 40 raonsisterics, and 50
contents; smd in the magnificence of its churches,
Palermo is second only to Rome, The university
has an observatory, along with cabinets of medals
and natural curiosities. The trade of Palermo is
not very extensive, Ita port is capable of contsiin
ing 30 sail ofthe line, and several hiindred mer
chantmen. It is well fortified, but open to the
north-east -winds, which are sometimes violent
and dangerous, Palermo waa the reaidence of
tfae court of Naples during their exclusion from
thefr capital from 1806 to 1816, At present it is
the seat ofthe viceroy of the Sicilian parlisiment,
andof the chief boEu-da of tfae ialand adrainistra-
tion. It is likewise tfae aee of an archbiahop, wfao
h:is tfae title of priraate of Sicily. It hsia suffered
repeatedly frpm eartfaquakea. ISO ra. W. Measi-
na, 200 S. by W. of Naples. Lon. ofthe observa-
vatory, 13° 20' E. Lat 38° 6' N. Pop. about
130,000. Pakrmo, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 30 m. N. E.
Wiscasset, 220 from Boston. Pop. 761.
Palestine, a counfry of Aaia, within the liraita of
the Turkish empire, bounded N. by Syria, and ly
ing on both sidea of the Jordan, between the desert
of Arabia and the Mediterranean on the W. On
the return ofthe children of Israel from Egypt, it
waa divided by Joahua among the twelve tribea ;
Judah, Benjamin, Simeon, Dau, Ephraim, Zebu
lon, NaphtaU, and part of Msraaasefa, faad tfaeir
portion allotted on the weatern, coraraonly caUed
this aide of Jordan ; while Reuben, Gad, and the
remaining part of Msmasseh, were placed on the
E. side, coraraonly caUud beyond Jordan. The
Romans, on obtaining possession of this counfry,
divided the part of it on this side of Jordan into
three tetrarchies, Judea proper in the S,, Samaria
in the raiddle, and GaUlee in the north. The
forraer consisted of the tribea of Judah, Benjarain,
Dan, and Siraeon, Samaria comprefaended the
tribea of Ephraira, lasacfaar, and part of Manasseh,
Galilee forraed the fine inlsmd territory on the
lake of Tiberias, the former posaeaaion of the tribea
of Zebulon, Aaser, and Naphthsdi. The region to
the east of Jordan was divided into the smaller
districts of Peraesi, DecapoUa, Gaulonitis, Galaa-
ditis, Batansea, and Auranitia,
Few countries are distinguiahed by greater va
riety of surface than Palestine, . Some have rep-
reaented it sia barren ; but thia character can ap
ply only to aorae of the mountainoua districts
around and to the east of Jeruaalera, According
to the best informed travellers, the greater part of
Palestine displays a truly luxuriant fertility, and
corresponds entirely to the deacription of the
pron^ised land, Judea- proper, comprising the
territory ^tween the Dead aea and the Mediter
ranean, is composed ofa range of limeatone hflla,

PAL

555

rising as it were by stages from the level of the
Mediterranean, The plain extending' along Uisit
sea, though now neglected, appears to be excea-
aively rich. As the tract ascends, it becomes rug
ged and rocky, so that the road from Jsiffa to Je
ruaalem ia very ateep and difficult. The aides of
the raountains, however, are fitted for the vine,
tfae olive, the sycamore, and are crowned with
natural groves of oak and cypress. Between these
raountains su-e interposed vallies, which are cov
ered with plentiful crops of tobacco, wheat, bar
ley, and raiUet, These mountaina are tenanted
by the wildest Arabs, who find lurking places in
the numerous caves which are cut out of the
mountains, Ohrcachingthe summitof these suc
cessive ranges, the traveUer discovers , the coun
try round Jerusalem, which wears a dry, rugged,
and atony aapect There ia reason lo believe, how
ever, that ancient induatry, under a protecting
government, had rendered even theae tracta higfaly
productive. Traces raay stiU be found of walls
by which tiie earth was formerly supported, of cis
tema where the rain water was collected, aud of
canala, by which it was distributed through the
fields. In proceeding eastward to the shorea of
the Dead sea, the acene becomes more decidedly
barren. Gloomy and naked rocks, stones, sand,
and ashes, are the only objects which there preaent
themselves, Samaria is raountainous, bul flourishing, weU
cultivated, and carries on a considerable trade.
Corn, silk, and olives, are produced abundantiy in
its plains.
•To the north of Samaiia, is GaUlee, celebrated
in scripture history as the scene of our Saviour's
first preaching and miracles, Perhapa there are
few spots on the globe more diatinguished by nat
ural beauty and fertility. The plain of Esdraelon,
two days journey in length, and twenty milea in
. breadth, ia described by Dr, Clarke as one vast
meadow, covered with tfae ricfaest psisture. The
take of Tiberias, or Gennesareth, is surrounded
by lofty and picturesque hills, the sidea of which
were once highly cultivated, and its bEmks covered
with flourishing towns, now almoat deaerted. The
regions beyond Jordan include many tracts once
fertfle and flourishing.
Few countries are more unfortunately situated
as to poUtical relations, than raodern Palestine.
It suffers equally from the tyranny and weakness
of the Turkish government, and frora the hordes
tf Arabs who fill every part of the surrounding
deserts. The Turks occupy all the civil and mili
tary posts, and the Greeks forra a very numeroua
part of thejiopulation ; bul the country districts
are filled to a great extent witfa Noraadic Arabs.
A conaiderable number of Christian monks still
reside in tfae Holy Land ; and there ia no consid
erable town which does not contain at least one
convent. Their cheats, however, are often so
palpable, that traveUers, unable to discriminate,
have conaidered the whole maaa of topographical
evidence concerning the Holy Land, as one tiaaufe
of imposture. In 1819, two missionaries, in the
employment of Uie American Board of Cohimis-
sioners forForeign Missions, embarked at Boaton
for Asia Minor, witfa a view to tfaeir ultimate resi
dence as missionaries in the Holy Land.
Palestine, p-t. Lawrence co. Indiana. .
^Pakslrina, t. Italy, in the States ofthe Church.
20 ra. E. Rome. It ia the aee of a biahop^ Pop.
3,000. Itoccupies thesiteof theancientPraeneste.
Pakstrina, t, Austrian Italy, on a longand nar-

556

PAL

row ialand of the Lagunea, 6 ra, S, Venice, Pop,
6,000, Paid, t, France, in Loire Inferieure, 12 m, S,
Nantea, Pop, 1,400,
Palette, Cape, cape on the S, coa^t of Celebea,
in Bony bay. Lon. 120°4ff E. Lat.S°2ff S.
Palgunge, t. Hind, in Bahar, Loo, 86° 15' E,
Lat 24° ffN,
Palhaunpore, t. Hind, in Gujerat, Lon, 72° 35'
E. Lat, 24*44' N,
Paliocode, or Pallicode, t. India, 11 m, W, Da-
rarapouri, Paliocur, t, Ceylon, on the W, coast, Lon, 80°
14' E, Lat, 9° Sff N,
Paticaud, or Palighautchery, t, India, in Malsi-
bar, situated inthe raiddle ofthe Teak foresta, on
Paniany river. In 1792, it was ceded to the Brit
ish, Lon, 76° 5ff E, Lat, 10° 50' N,
Palinguir, one of the Philippine islanda, about
15 milea in circuraference, N, of Cape Engano on
the ialand of Lucon,
Palinuro, Cape, promontory on the coast of Na
plea, near the entrance of the gulf of PoUcastro,
Lon, 15° Iff E, Lat 40° 2' N,
Paliseul, t. Netherlanda, in the grand duchy of
Luxemburg, 20 m, S, E, Charlemont Pop, 8Ck),
Palisse, t France, in Allier, 28 m. S, E, Mou
lina, Pop, 3,000,
, Paliuri, Cape, cape on the cosist of Eu, 'Tur
key, in the gulfof Salonica, Lon, 23° 46' E, Lat
39° Sff N,
Palkah, t. Hind, in Lahore, Lon, 76° 13' E. Lat
32° 5ff N,
Polk's Straits, arm of the sea, which separates
Ceylon from the coast of Coromandel,
Polio, small isl. in the Eastern seas, about 6
miles in circumference, S, of Sangir, Lon, 125°
30' E. Lat 3° 5'N,
Pallanza, t. Sardinian states, on a point of land
projecting into the Lago Maggiore, 32 m. N, No
vara, Pop, 1,300,
Pallavicina. See Busseto.
Polli, t. Diarbekir, in A. Turkey, 85 m, N, E.
Diarbekir. Pallinges, t. France, in Sabne-and-Loirc, 7 m,
N. N, W, CharoUes, Pop. 1,100,
PalUser, Cape, cape on the E, coast of New
Britain, Lon, 151° 2ff E, Lat, 4° 22' S.
Palliser, Cape, New Zealand, the N, E, point
of Cook's sfrait. Lon, 183° 68' W. Lat. 41° 34' S.
Palliser' s Islands, Cluster of islands in the Pacif
ic ocean, Lon, 146° 3ff W, Lat 16° 38' S,
Palluau, t. France, in Indre, on Uie river Indre,
20 m. N, W. Chateauroux. Pop. 1,300.
Palm, Islands, chain of islanda near the N- E,
coast of New Holland, extending about 30 miles,
Lon. 213° 26' W, Lat 18° Sff S.
Polma, isl, off the coast of Africa, forming part
of the group of the Canaries, 25 railea long, Emd 1 6
bi;Oad, The coasts are very fertile, and produce
wine for exportation, sugar, silk, almoiida, honey,
and wax. Pop. according to Humbolt, 22,600,
Palmo, the capital of the ialand of Majorca, in
the MediterrEraean, at the bottom of a large bay.
The chief employments of the inhabitants are
wea'ring woollens and ailk, along with some trade
and navigation. The harbour, though not exten
sive, is secure : it has a mole of nearly three
quEirtera of a mile in length, defended by Iwo
strong forts, Palma was long the capital of Ma
jorca when a kingdom,' and is stfll the residence
ofthe chief magistratea ofthe Balearic and Pithy-
usse islands. 345 m, E, by S, Madrid, 133 S, by

PAL
W, Barcelona. Lon. 1° 39' W. Lat, 42» 49' 57''
N, Pop, about 30,000,
Palma, t. Sicily, on the sea coast. It is noted
for the sulphur made in its vicinty, of which, since
1806, cargoea are annually shipped to England, 12
m, S, S. E. Girgenti. Pop. 6,000.
Palma, t Spain, in Andalusia, 38 m. W. S. W.
Cordova, Pop, 4,200.
Palma, t. Auatrian atates, in Friuli, near Aqui
leia, Pop. 2,000.
Palma, t, Portuguese Eatremadura, 28 m, E,
Setubal. Palma, Nuestra Senora de la, city. New Grana
da, on the E, ahore of the river Magdalena, 54 m.
N. W, Santa Fe, 68 W, by S, Tunja, Lon, 74°
50' Sff' W, Lat, 5° ff N,— Itia the name of several
other inconsiderable aettiementa in S, America,
Palma, Cape, promontory on the E, coaat of It
aly. Lon, 13° 6ff E, Lat 43° ff N,
Palma di Sola, s-p. Sardinia, 15 m. S,E, Villa
de Iglesias, Lon, 6° 24' E, Lat 39° 2ff N,
Palmajalo, ial. belonging to Tuacany, between
the ialand of Elba and the mainland, 6 m. S. by
W. Piombino. Lon. 9° 35' E. Lat 42° 33' N.
Palmanova, or Palma Nuova, t and fort, Aus
trian Italy, 10 m. S. by E, Udina, 53 E. N, E, Ve
nice, Pop, 4,600,
Palmar, c. Quito, in Guysiqufl, which enters
the Babahayo, in lat 1° 45' S,
Palmar, r. Benin, in Africa, which fsflla into Uie
Atlantic, in lon, 3° E. lat 6° 25' N.
Palmar, Point, cape, on the W. coast of Afiica.
Lat 6° 30' S,
Palmaria, small isl. Italy, in the gulf of Genoa.
Lon. 9° 40' E. Lat, 44° 4' N.
Palmarola, isl. on the W. coast of Italy, opposite
Terracina. Lon. 12° 55' E. Lat 41° 3' N.
Palmas, ial. in the Pacific ocean, 26 leagues fr.
Cape Corrientea.
Palmas, Salazar de los, city, New Granada, 50
m, N. N, W. Pamplona,
Palmas, Cividad de la^, cap, of the island of
Grand Canary. Pop. 9,437.
Palmas, t and cap. of the island of Gomera.
Palmas, Cape, Africa, the N, cape at the en
trance into the gulf of Guinea, and the W, ter
mination of the Ivory coast There is a road here,
aflbrding good shelter agsiinst southerly winds,
Palme, Etang de, bay, on the S, coast of France,
in Eure, Lon, 3" 6' E, Lat 42° 57' N.
Palmela, t. Portuguese Esti-cmadura, 6 m, N,
Setubal, Pop, 3,600,
Palmer, p-t. Hampden co, Mass. 14 m, E, Spring
field, 71 W, S, W, Boston, Pop, 1,1 14,
Polmera, Cape, promontory of the island of
Formentera, in the Mediterranean, Lon. 1° 30'
E, Lat 38° 42'N.
. Palmerin, v. Baol, in W. Africa, Lon, 16° 21'
W, Lat 13" Sff N,
Palnicro, Cope, promontory on the E, coast of
Sardinia, Lon. 9° 56' E. Lat. 39° 40' N.
Palmcr.'lon, Cape, cape on the N, E, coast of
New Holland, Lon, 210° 54' W, Lat 21° Sff S,
Palmerston Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, or
rather a group of small islets,' eight or nine in
number, connected together by a reef of coral
rorks, Lon, 163° Iff W, Lat, 18° 4' S,
Palmerlown, p-t, Saratoga co, N, Y,
Palmetto creek, r, Georgia, which runs info the
Oconee, about 12 m, feelow Dublin,
Palmetto, Point, cape, on the N, coast of Ja
maica, Lon, 76° 2ff W, Lat 18° ISW-

PAL

PAM

S5t

Palmetto, Point, cape, on the S, coastof Jamai
ca, ' Lon, 77° 57' W, Lat, 18° 7' N,
Palmiras, a celebrated point of land at the head
of the bay of Bengal, which all veasels bound to
Calcutta endeavour to make. The East India
company have lately erected a light-house here,
Lon, 87° ff E, Lat 20° 44' N,
Pabniste, Point, cape, on the N, aide of St, Do
mingo, 3 leagues S, Point Portugal, 6 E, Port de
Paix, Palmyra, the ruins of a great city in the heart
of the desert of Syria. It appesu-a to have been
founded by Solomon, under the appellation of Tad-
mor, and frora its situation was called Tadraor in
the Wilderness, It ia related, however, to have
been afterwarda deatroyed by Nebuchadnezzar ;
smd the preaent remsdns being evidentiy of Gre
cian origin, cannot be supposed to be those of the
city of Solomon, In what manner, and at what
period, tfae city rose to that distinguiahed wealth
and splendour which ils ruins attest, has been no
where distincUy recorded ; and as to tfae ateps or
the period at which it sunk into its present state of
total desolation, hiatory ia aUent — Of sdl the re
mains which exhibit the art of Greece and the
opulence of Aaia united, none equal tfae extent
and msignificence of thoae of Palmyra, The prin
cipal and raoat entire ruin is that of the Teraple
of the Sun, — Thia once aplendid city ia now in
habited by about thirty Arab families, who have
built their huts in the court of the great temple,
Lon, 38° 48' E, Lat. 34° 2ff N,
Palmyra, p-t Somerset co, Maine, 28 ra, E, Nor
ridgewock, 215 N, N, E, Boston, Pop. 188,
Palmyra, p-t, Ontario co, N, Y, on the Erie ca
nal, 12 m, N. E. CanandaiguEi, 233 W. Albany.
The village is a place of considerable business.
Pop, 2,187,
Palmyra, p-t Lebanon co. Pa.
Palntyra, t Wayne co. Pa, Pop, 336,
Palmyra, p-t Martin co. N, C.
Palmyra, t. Misaissippi, at Palmyra Bend, about
25 m. below Walnut hills.
Palmyra, p-t Montgoraery co. Ten, on tfae
Cumberland, 40 m, below Naahville,
Palmyra, p-t Portage co, Ohio, 10 m, E, Ra
venna, Pop, iri 1815, 600-
Pabnyra, p-t, and cap, Edwarda co, IlUnoia, on
the Wabash, 20 ra, below Vincennes,
Palnaud, diatrict, India, in the Carnatic, be
tween 16° and 17° N..lat on the S. aide of the river
Kistnah. It was ceded to the Britiah in 1801.
The chief towns are Macheria, Timerycotta, and
Currumconda. Pak, t. Diarbekir in A. Turkey, on the Eu
phrates, 60 m. N. Disu-bekir. Pop. 8,000,
Palo, Cape, Albania, in the Adriatic, Lon, 19°
Iff E, Lat 41° 44' N,
Pakmas, Isla de ks, ial, in the gulfof Venezue
la, N, of the city of Maracaibo, Lat 10° .56' N.
Palombora, t. Italy, in the States ofthe Church,
9 m. N. W. TivoU.
Palanque, cape, onthe S.side of St, Domingo,
Lon, 70° 37' W. Lat 18° Iff N,
Polos, t. ou the W. coastof Celebea. Lon. 119°
SffE. Lat 0° SffS.
Palas, Cope, promontory, Spain, on the coast of
Murcia. Lon. 0° 41' W, Lat 37° 37' 15" N,
Paks de Moguer, t, Spain, in Seville, near the
mouth ofthe Tinto, It ia the port from wfaich
Columbus aaUed in 1492, on the voyage in which
he diacovered America, 4 ra, S, Moguer. Lon.6°
Sff W. Lat 37° 10' N. Pop. 500.

Palota, t. Hungary, 8 m. W. S. W. Stuhl Weis-
semburg. Pop. 4,000.
Polotsa, or Palasca, t Hungary, 19 m, E. N.E.
Kearaark. Palpah, diatrict, Hind, subject to the rajah of
Nepaul. Palpah, the capital, ia on the banka -of
the river Gunduck. Lou. 82° 55' E. Lat; 28°
11' N.
-Pttlu, Miss, 2 araall islands near the N. coastof
New Guinea. Lon. 132° 29' Sff' E. Lat 0° 19'
57" S.
Palud, t France, in Vaucluse, 14 m, N, W. Or
ange, 30 N. by W, Avignon. Pop, 1,600,
Palude, t Erzerum, in Turkiah Armenia, Lon.
39° 14'E, Lat Sff 35'N,
Pamada, t. Birman empire, on the bsraka ofthe
Irawuddy river, 24 m, N, Prome,
Pamalang, t, ou the N, coast of Java, Lon, 108°
2ff E, Lat. 6° 4ff N,
Pamanookon, t, Java, 80 m, E, Batavia, The
cape of this name is in lon, 107° 54' E, lat 6° 12' N.
Pambamarctt, mountsiin of Quito, covered witb
perpetual snow, 20 m, N, Quito, .,
Pomboon, t Celebea, on the N, W, coast, about
100 miles from Macaaaar,
Pomdia, t Jefferson co. N, Y, on Black river,
taken in 1819 from BrownviUe,
Pamiers, t France, on the river Arriege, 12 m,
W, Mirepoix, 14 N, Taraacon, Lon, 1° 35' 36'' E,
Lat 63° 6' 44" N, It ia the see ofa bishop. Pop.
2,200. Pamisos, modem name Pirnazsa, r. Greece, in
the Morea, flowing from Mount Itfaome to the sea,
PamUco. See Tar River.
Pamlico Sound, large bay on the coast of N.
Carolina, 86 miles long, and from 10 to 20 broad.
It is separated from the Atlantic ocean by a beach
of sand, hardly a mile wide, gjenerally covered
with small trees or buahes. 'Through thia bank
are several amall inleta, by which boats may psiss ;
but Ocrecoke is the only one that will admit ves
sels of burden. This sound communicatea with
Core and Albemarle aounda, and receives Tar riv-
er,andlhe river Neuse, beaides other small streams.
Pampas, extensive plains of S. America, in Bue
nos Ayrea, and which extends S. into Patagonia,
They cover many thousand square miles, and
abound with a tall and luxuriant herbage, which
affords subaiateuce to innumerable herda of cattle
smd horses. The west winds meeting with no in
terruption, sweep over those pampas with une
qualled fury. Theae winda are often dangerous to
vessela navigating the river Plate, and are called
pamperos. Pampasifiel Sacramento,v3st plains of S.America,
to the E. of the Andes. They stretch out to the
extent of nearly 8,000 square leagues, between
the Ucayale and the Umits of the Portugueae ter
ritoriea, and are bounded on the N, by the river
Amazona, Pampdonne, t, France, in Tam, 12 ra, N, Alby,
Pop, 1,800,
Pampeluna, or Pamplona, t, Spain, and cap, of
Navarre, ia situated on the ArgEU , It stands partly
ou an eminence, psu-tly on a plsiin, and is surroun
ded by mountains, at the distance of six or eight
miles. The town is fortified, but derives its chief
defence from two caaties, one in the inside, the
otfaer on tfae outside of the walla. The latter is
the citadel, and is 6f great strength, being situated
on a rock, of which the only accessible part is cov
ered by a raorass. It has long been accounted one
ofthe principal sfrong holds, uot only of Navarre,

558

PAN

but of the north of Spain,, 62 m, E, S, E, Bilboa,
200 N, E, Madrid, Lon, l'" 4ff 63" W. Lat, 42° 49'
57" N, Pop, 14,000,
Pamper, t. Hind, in Cashmere, on the N, bank of
the Jhylum, Lon. 73° 13' E. Lat 34° 19' N.
Pamphylia, in Sac. Geog. country of Antolia, in
Asia, bounded N. by Galatia and Cappadocia, E,
by CiUcia, S, hy the Mediterranean, and W, by
Lycia and Leaser Phrygia,
Pamplona, city, New Grenada, 185 m. N. E,
Santa Fe, 156 W, S, W. TruxiUo, Lon, 72° 21'
W, Lat 7° I'N,
Pampus, channel of the Zuyder Zee, leading to
the hsu'bour of Amsterdam, and the only paaaage
by which ahipa can reach that port,
Pamunky, r, Virginia, formed by the North and
South Anna, It unites with the Mattapony at Del
aware to forra York river,
Panagur, t. Hind, in Malwah, Lon, 88° 15' E,
Lat25°2ffN, Panama, a province in New Granada, bounded
N. by the Spanish Main, E. by tfae province of Da-
j-ien, S, by the Pacific ocean, and W, by Veragua,
Panama, city and seaport, S, America, on the
isthraus of Darien, at the bottom ofa large bay of
the Pacific ocean, and cap, of a province. When
the trade of Spanish America with the mother
country was carried on by means of galleons, Pa
nama was a commercial depot, both for the gooda
of America and Europe. It is still remarkable for
its fine bay, whichis studded with islands. In thia
bsiy was formerly eatabliahed a famous fishery for
pearis, Lon, 79° 19' W, Lat, 9° 0' SO" N, Pop,
10,000. Panamao, one of tfae Philippine islands, about
15 miles in circumference. Lon. 124° 15' E. Lat.
ii°2rN. Ponarni, or Panahon, one ofthe Philippine isl
ands, about 45 railes in circuraference. Lon. 125°
12'E,Latl0°7'N, Panopa Island, isl. at the mouth of the Orinoco.
Between this island and the N. co'Ast, is the prin
cipal channel of the river.
Panar, r. India, which falls into the sea at Fort
St David.
Panaraga, or Ponarago, t Java, 60 m. E. Ma-
taran. Panaria, isl. Sicily, in the Lipari group, situated
-between Lipari and StrOraboli, 28 ra. nearly N. of
Melazzo. ft ia only 8 milea in circuit Lon. 15°
2rE. LatS8°4ff N.
Panaro, r. Italy, in the duchy of Modena, which
falls into an arm of tfae Po.
Panaraocon, t. Java, 20 ra, W, Cape Sandana,
Here is a Dutch fort.
Panay. See Pariy.
Pancalkri, t. Piedmont on the Po, 16 ni, S, Tu
rin. Pop. 2,500.
Pancawir, t Hind, in Malwah, Lon, 76° 6' E.
Lat. 24" 14' N,
Panchberaroh, t. Hind. iuCashmere, Lon, 75°
E, Lat 34° 32' N,
Punches, a province of New Granada, 15 leagues
long, from E, to W, and 12 wide from N, to S,
The capital is Tocaima,
Panco, Paint, the N, E, exfremity ofthe island
of Java, at the mouth of tfae western entrance of
the straits of Madura, Lon, 112° 44' E, Lat 6°
4ffS, Pancsova, t Hungary, at Uie confluence ofthe
Temea and the Danube, 8 m, N, E, Belgrade,
Lon, 28° 37' 45" JE. Lat. -14° 49' 40" N, Pop,
7,000,

PAN
• Pandang, t. on the W, coast of the islsmd of
Celebes, Lon, 120° E, Lat, 3° Sff S,
Pandar, t. Hind, in Lahore, Lbn. 75°l6'E,
Lat, 33° 17' N,
Panda, r, Buenos Ayrea, which enters the Plata
at its raouth. It ia alao the name of a parish of
Buenoa Ayrea, 20 ra, N.E, Montevideo, Lon,
55°4ffW. Lat 34° 41' S,
Pondour, or Pondur, v. Hungary, 26 m, S, Co?
locaa. Panella, or Pennala, t. Hind, in Dowletabad,
15 ra, N, E, Damaun,
Ponerazio di Barbarona, t Austrian Italy, 12
ra, S, Vicenza.
Ponermo, s-p. in the small island of Skopeloa,
in tfae Grecian arcfaipelago.
Pangatarran, isl. in the Eastem seas, one of the
Sooloo archipelago, about ten miles long, by four
brosid. It ia an entfre bed of coral rock, and ofa
very thin soil Lon. 120° Sff E. Lat 6° ff N.
Pangesana, Pongesani, or Pangansane, isl. in
tfae Eaatem seas, S. of Celebes, aud separated
from the ialsmd of Bouton, by a narrow atrait It
is about 60 milea long, and 16 broad. Lon. 122°
60' E. Lat 6° 5' S.
Panguei, smaU ial. in the Eastem aeas, near the
coast of Queda. Lon- 100° 5' E. Lat 5° Sff N.
Panha, t Hind, in Serinagur. Lon. 79° Iff E,
Lat SO" IffN.
Paniany, s-p. India, in Malabar, on PaUcaud
river. The exporta are teak timber, pepper, rice,
iron, smd cocoa nuts. Lon. 76" E, L£itl0°44'N,
Ponicocalo, t, Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 22
m N,W, Naplea. Pop. 2,200.
Paniput, t Hind, in Delhi, celebrated for a
great battle in 1761, between the Mahometan
combined armies and the Mahrattas, in which the
latter were defeated. Lon. 76° SffE. Lat29°2ffN.
Ponissiere, t France, in Loire, 21 m. W, by N,
Lyons, Pop, 3,200,
Panjang, small isl, near the E, coast of Bornea
Lon, 117° Sff E. Lat 2° 15' N,
Panjang, ial. near the W. coast of Siam, about
40 miles in circuraference, Lon, 98° 42' E, Lat
8°N, Panjang, small isl, near the N, coast of New
Guinea, Lon, 135° 25' E, Lat 3° Iff S.
Panlang, t Birman empire, in Pegu, on Uie
Rangoon branch ofthe Irrawuddy river, 16 m. N,
W, Rangoon,
Pannah, t. Hind, in AllEdiabad, near some ofthe
celebrated diamond raines, Lon, 80° 17' E, Lat
24° 4ff N,
Pannanach, or Pannanich, v, ScoUsmd, in Ab
erdeenshire, noted for its mineral waters,
Ponnela, t and fort. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon.
74°57:e, LatI6°6ffN,
Pannela, New, t Hind, in Bejapore. Lon, 74°
20' E, Lat 17° N,
Panormo, t Natalia, in A, Turkey, on the S,
coast of the sea of Msurmora, 16 ra, S, E," Artaki,
Pansang, or Pulo Pansang, small isl, in the
gulf of Siam, Lon. 103° Sff E. Lat 9° 15' N.
Panse, r. Indiana, which flows into the N, side
of the Wabash, a little above the junction of the
Tippecsraoe. Pant, T. Eng. in Essex, which falls into the
Blackwater, below LitUe Braxted.
Pantdaria, the smcient Cosyra, isl, in the Med
iterranesm belonging to Sicily, 60 m, from Mar
sala (in Sicily), aud about the sarae distance from
Cape Bon, near Tunis, Lon, 8° 26' E, Lat. 3§°
4ffN, Pop, 6,000,

PAP

PAR

559

¦ Panier, isl, in the Eastern aeas, 30 miles long,
by 1 2 broad,- Lon, 124° Sff E, Lat 8° Iff S,
Panther's creek, p-v. Surry co. N, C,
Pantin, v. France, 3 m. E, N, E, Paris, Pop.
1,200. Pantina, Cape, cape on the N, coast of Minor
ca, Lon, 4° 7' E, Lat 40° 4' N,
Ponton, t Addison co, Vt, on Lake Chsimplain,
-25 ra, S, Burlington, Pop, 520.
Panuco, t Mexico, 143 ra, N, Mexico. Lon,
98° 52'W, Lat22°4ffN,
Panwdl, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, 27 ra, E,
Bombay, on the Psm, about 7 ra, from ita mouth.
It now belongs to tfae British, and ia in lon, 73° 13'
E. lat 19° N,
Pany Isle, one ofthe Philippine isles, 110 miles
long, by 38 broad. The principal establishraents
of the Spaniards on this island, are at Uo-ilo and
Antigua, Lon, 122° S3' E, Lat 11° IffN,
Panza, t on the S, coast of the ialand of Ischia,
in the bay of Naples.
Pao, Son Juan Baptista del, city of the Carac
cas, in Venezuela, situated on the river Pao, wfaich
falls into the Apure, 150ra,S,W, Caraccas, Lat,
9" 20' N, Pop, 5,400,
Pao, Conception del, t Caraccsis, in Barcelona,
84 m. S. E. Caraccas, 165 from Cumana,
Pao, Conception del. See QuiUota.
Pao, r. S, Araerica, in Curaana, which falls
into the Orinoco frora the N, in lat, 8° 5' N, 48 ra,
W. St. Thoraas.
Pao de Nao, s-p, W, Africa, near the river Ca
marones, belonging to the Portuguese,
Paola, or Paula, t. Naplea, in Calabria Citra,
55 ra, S, by E. PoUcastro. Pop. 4,500.
Paoli, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
Paoli, p-t, and cap. Orange co, Indiana, 40 m, E,
Vincennea, Paoom, one of the araaUer New Hebridea, Lou,
168" 2ff W. Lat 16" 30' S.
Poo-ting, city of China, 77 m. S, S, W, Pekin,
Lon, 115° 14' E, Lat 38° 54' N,
¦ Popa, t. Hungary, 25 ra, S, by W, Raab, Pop,
4,000, Popagayo, r, Mexico, which runa into the Pa
cific ocean, 25 ra, N, Acapulco, Lon, 101" 46' W,
Lat 11° Iff N,
Papagayo, gulf on the W. aide of tfae iathraua of
Nicaragua, Lon. 87° 36' W, Lat, 11° 10' N.
Papantloj t, and cap, of a district of Mexico, 105
m. N. E, Mexico. Lon. 97° Sff W. Lat. 20°
27' N.
Papas, lake, S. America, 40 m. S. Popayan. It
is the aource of the'great river Magdalena.
Papa-Stour, one ofthe Shetiand ialands, a mile
W, of the mainland, 2 railes long, and 1 broad.
Pop. 280.
Popa-Stronsay, isl, of Orkney, on the N. E, side
of Stronsay.
Popa-TVestray, isl, of Orkney, 3 m, N, Weatray,
25 frora Kirkwall, It ia about 4mflea long, and 1
broad, Popendrecht. v. Netherlanda, in South Holland,
10 ra. E. S, E. Rotterdam, Pop, 1,000,
'PaperviUe, p-v, SuUivan co, Tennesaee,
Paphos, in Sac, Geog, city ofthe ialand of Cy-
pma, celebrated for' its temple dedicated to the
worship of Venus,
Pojppal, diatrict on the N, E, coast of Borneo,
Lat 5° Sff N,
Pa)ppdau, V. Wirtemberg, 8 m, W, S, W, Ulm.
Pappenburg, t. Hanover, 20 m. S. S. E. Emb
den. I.,on.7°2ffE. Lat 53° 4'N. 'Pop. 3,300.

Pappenheim, t. Bavaria, on the AUmuhl, 15 m.
N. E. Donawert. Pop. 2,000.
¦ Papua. See JVeio Guinea.
Papudo, port of Chili. Lat. 32° 36' S.
Para, Gran, province of BrazU, bounded N. by
the great river Amazons, E, by Maranham, S, by
Goiaa and Malta Grosso. The chief productions
are augar, coffee, and cocoa.
Para, Gran, the capital of the above prorince,
is on the Tocantins, 60 m, from ita mouth, Lou,
48° 33' W, Lat 1° Sff S, - Pop. 10,000,
Para, r, of the above province, which is, pr(^-
erly speaking, one of the moutha of the Amazons.
It runs about 200 milea in a N, Ej, direction. Sepa
rating the island of Joannes from'^Jie continent.
Paracassa, r. Quito, which enters the Araazons
in lat 4° 42' S,
Parocotu, v. Brazil, 270 m, N, W,^Tejuco,
Gold is found in considerable quantities in its vi
cinity, Poradanga, t. Bengal, in Cooch Behar 33 m, N.
E, Rungpore.
Parade, t France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6 m, E,
Tonneins, Pop. 1,500,
Paradise, p-t. York co. Pa. Pop. 1,548.
Paragoana, peninsula of Venezuela, which is
united to the continent by a very narrow isthmua,
on which stands tfae city of Coro. The isthmus is
about a league in width, from wfaich the peninau
la stretches from S. E, to N, W. 20 leaguea.
Paragoana, cape on the coaat of Venezuela, 13
leaguea from the city of Coro. Lat, 11° 52' N,
Paragong, t. Hind, in Bootan, famoua for its
manufacture of awords, daggera, arrows, and mol
ten images of Boodh, Lon. 89° 21' E, Lat, 27°
43' N,
Paraguay, a province within the liraits of the
old Viceroyalty of Buenoa Ayres, lying between
the great rivers Paraguay and Parana, and bound
ed N, by BrazU, Extent, 43,000 aq, milea. Pop.
110,000, The foresta abound 'with fine tiraber,
msJiogany, and aeveral other kinda of beautiful
wood, auited to cabinet 'work. The augar cane
grows well, and all European fruit trees flourish
and produce abundantiy. But the moat peculiar
production is the herb called matte, which is used
as a substitute for tea all over S, Araerica, and
forraa one of the principal articlea of export from
thia province. The present inhabitanta of Para
guay are said to be a mixture of the European
Spaniards, and natives, witfa perhaps, raore than
half, Indian, They are reraarkably peaceful and
silent, strongly attached to their country, and
averse to sfrangera. It is rare to meet with a na
tive of Psiraluay who cannot read and write, and
who doea not understand the rudiraenta of arith
metic, Paraguay, r, S, America, which riaea in Brazfl,
in lat 12° S. runa aouth into Buenos Ayres, passes
by the city of Assumption, and after receiving the
Pilcomayo and Vermejo from tiie weat, falla into
the Parana 760 railes from its mouth. It is navi
gable for large vessels as far as Assumption. Its
length from ita aource to itsjunction with the Par
ana is about 1,000 miles.
Paraguay. See Palawan.
Paraiba, province, Brazil, with a raild climate
and fertfle aoil, abounding with Brazil wood and
sugar. Paraiba, the capital, ia on the S, bank of
the river Paraiba, about 10 mflea from the aea,
Lon. 36° Iff W. Lat. 6" 57' N. Fop. 4,000.
Paraiba, t. Brazfl, in Rio Janeiro, which enter,';
the Atiantic, in lat, 21° 34' SO" S,

560

PAR

Paromaiba, r Brazfl, which runs into the AUan
tic, in lon, 43° 46' W, lat 2° 32' S,
Paramaribo, t, Guiana, and cap, of Surinam, is
on Surinam river, about 18 mfles from its mouth.
All the streets, which are perfectly atraight, are
lined with orange, tamarind, and lemon trees,
which appear in everlasting bloom. The exports
are coffee, sugar, cocoa, cotton, and indigo : the
imports flour, beef, pork, herrings, sailed macka-
rel, apermaceti caniUea, horaea, luraber, and Euro
pean raanufactures. It is a lively place, being
crowded with planters, sailors, soldiers, Jews, In
diana, and negroea, while the river ia constantly
covered with barges. Pop. about 20,000, In
January 1821, a great fire deatroyed about one
third of the town.
Paramatta, t New Holland, on the E, coaat, at
the head of Port Jackson harbour. Here ia a school
for the education and civilization of the aborigines
ofthe country. In Feb, 1820, there were 25 New
Zealanders at this place receiving instruction, 25
m, W, Sydney, Pop, in 1818, 1,200.
Paramilhia, t Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 19 ra.
S. W. Joannina. '
Paron, in Sac. Geog. a wilderness between Mid
ian and Egypt, which stfll bears this nsune.
Parana, r. S. America, which rises in the east
ern part of Brazil, in the province of Minas Geraes,
and running S, W. about 1,200 miles, receives
the Paraguay from the N. after which it pursues a
aoutherly course for several hundred infles and
joins the Uraguay to form the La Plata. In lat
24° is the fall or rapid of Itu, forraed by a collec
tion of rocks, that rise inseparate raasses, and leave
chsranels for the passage of the water. Boats pass
down without difliculty and are drawn up by
ropes. Parana, t Brazil, on the coast of the island of
Marajo. Lon. 51° 36' W. Lat 0° 12' S.
Parovadi,or Pravadee, t Eu. Turkey, in Bulga
ria, 115 ra. N. N. E. Adrisraople.
Paray le Moniol, t. France, in Saone-and-Loir,
6 ra. W. Charollea, 16 E. S. E. Bourbon Lancy.
Pop. 3,000.
Force, t France, in Sarthe, ou the river Sarthe.
Pop. 2,200.
Parchim, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe-
rin, 20 m. S. E. Schwerin. Pop, 3,200.
Parchwitz, t. Prussian States, on the Katabach,
10 m. E. N. E. Liegnitz. Pop. 800.
Parcipany, p-t. Morris co. N. J. on a brsrach of
the Passaic, 15 N. N. W. Newark.
Parezow, t. Poland, 30 m. N. N, E, LubUn, Pop,
1,300, Pardaillan, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12
m, N, Marmande, Pop, 800,
Pordo, Rio, r, Brazil, which enters the Parana
in lat 20° S,
Pardubitz, t, Bohemia, on the Elbfc, 60 m, E,
Prague, Pop, 3,000,
Porecchio, or Paros, cap. of the island of Paros,
in the Grecia'n archipelago, on the W, coaat of
the ialand, Lon, 25° 24' E. Lat, 37° ff N,
Poredon del Este, small ial, near the N, coast of
Cuba, Lon, 77° Sff W, Lat, 22° Iff N,
Paredon del Medias, amall ial, near the N, coaat
of Cuba, Lon, 78° ff W, Lat 22° Iff N.
Parello, t Piedmont, 4 m, S, S, W, Ivrea, 20 N,
Turin, Parellones, cluater of amall islanda in the Span
ish Main, near the coast of Darien, Lon, 79° 30'
W, Lat, 9° 37' N,
Parensa, t. Austrian States, on the W, coast of

PAR
Istria, It ia a biahop's see. Pop. 2,100, 30 mS,
Trieste, . Lon. 13° 40' E. Lat. 15° Iff N.
Parey, v. Pruasian Saxony, on the Elbe. A
canal extends from this town to the Havel, Pop.
1,000, 21 ra. N. N. E. Magdeburg.
Parga, a-p. on the coast of Albania, owoaite to
the southern point of the ialand of Cotifu. It is
on a rock waahed on three aides by the aea, and
backed by a precipitoua cUff, having on the sum
mit an almost impregnable citadel. In 1819, it
was surrendered to Ali Pacha, the tyrant of Al
bania, when most of the inhabitants removed to
the Ionian islands. SO m. S. W. Joahnina.
Parham, t. and harbor, on the N. side of the
ialand of Antigua, 5 ra. W. St John's,
Parham' s store, p-v. Sussex co. Va.
Pari, r. Peru, which risea in the province of
Tarraa, and faUs into the Amazons.
Paria, province of the viceroyalty of Buenos
Ayres, bounded N, by Pacajes, N, E, by Oruro, E,
and S, E, by Porco, S. W, by Lipes, and W. by
Carsinjas, Pop, 10,000. Paria, the capital, is
210 m. N. W. La Plata. Lon. 68°2ff W. Lat 18'
SO'S. Paria, Gulf af, a gnlf of S. America, in the
Caraccas, which has on the W. the province of
Cumana, and on the E. the island of Trinidad.
It is 25 leagues from E. to W. smd 15 from N. to
S, : there ia anchorage in aU that extent, hut its
depth variea from 8 to SO fathoma. In fact, thia
gulf ia a real port, which for excellence and ex
tent vies with the handsomest in the world,
Paria, cape, S, Americsi, opposite the island of
Trinidad, Lon, 62° 1' W. Lat 9° 13' N,
Paria, Lake af. See Chucuito.
Porigne L'Eveque, t Frsmce, in Sarthe, 9 m, S,
E, LeMans, Pop, 2,800,
Parima, lake, Guiana, Lon.45°2ffW. Lat 3°
4ffN. Parima, or Branco, i . S. Americsi, which rises
in the above lake, and running S. above 400 miles,
enters the Rio Negro by four mouths.
Parina-cochas, province, Peru, bounded N, by
Aimsiraea, N, W, by Vclcas-huaman,'E, by Chim-
bivflcas, S, by Arequipa, and W, by Lucanas.
Pop, 11,300,
Paripura, r. Brazil, which runs into the AUan
tic in lon, 35° 2ff W, Lat 9° 42' S,
Paris, the capital of France, and one of the fin
est cities in the world, is situated on a plain on the
banka ofthe Seine. It is surrounded with a wall,
17 railes in circuit AU the sfreets are Ughted by
reflecting lampa, suspended at a great height in
the middle of tiic sfreet. No sfreet in London can
compare with the Boulevards of Paris. They oc
cupy the space appropriated to the defence of the
town in former agea, when its circumference did
not exceed 7 miles. This space ia from 200 toSOO
feet broad, srad its -waving line adds greaUy to the
beauty. The finest square ia the Place Vendome,
an octagonal space, aurrounded by elegant stone
buildinga. It is 600 feet long, and 400 broad.
The Champ de Mars is an oblong park on the S,
W, of Paris, extending from Uie Military School
to the river, and bordered on each side by several
rows of trees. The Palsiis Royal, situated towards
the cenfre of Paris, has long ceased to be a royal
residence. It is a centre of amusement, and the
general rendezvous of the foreigners who visit Pa
ria. The nocturnal loungers and the votaries of
dissipation, scattered in London over ao wide a
space, are in Paris oolloctad in this cenfral apot

PAR

PAR

£61

The Seine, flowing from E. to W. intersects Paris
neariy in the middle. The opposite sides are unit
ed by numerous bridges. In psflacea and public
structures of Uie first rsmk, Paris ia greatiy auperi
or to London. The Tuileries, the preaent royal
residence, is a long pile of building, extending
frora N. to S. about 1,000 feet It is a noble and
venerable structure. The Louvre is only a
quarter ofa raile to the eaat of the Tuileriea, and
on the aarae aide of the Seine. Its form is aquare,
with a large interior court, 400 feet by 400, It ia
used as a depot for objects of taste and art. The
gallery of the Louvre ia a very long range, de
tached from the msun buflding, and extending par
allel to the bank of the river, all the way to the
Tufleriea. The palace of tfae Luxembourg is dis-
tinguiafaed by the aymmetry of its proportions.
One of its halls forma the chsuuber of peers. The
Palais Bourbon, on the left bank of the Seine, on
the W. aide of Paria, is a splendid building. Part
of it is now appropriated to the houae of commons.
Of the edifices unconnected with the crown, the
first rank is due to the Hotel des Invalides, a very
large and elegsrat structure, fit to be compared to
the Greenwich hoapital, for its object, ita architec
ture, and iu some meaaure for the distribution of
the adjacent grounds. Stone is generally used for
buUding, instesid of brick, there being extensive
quarries in the immediate vicinity. 'The private
houses are considerably higher than in London,
having frequenUy five, six, and sometiraes aeven
storiea. The raost striking public monument is
the Column ofthe Place Vendome, erected by Bo
naparte to commemorate hia snccesaea in Germa
ny in 1805. It ia a great brazen pillar, 12 feet in
diameter ; its height 133 ; its form in imitation of
Trajan's piUar at Rome; the expense of its erec
tion £60,000. A apiral band runs all along the
piUar to the top, separating each range of baa re-
liefa. Ou the summit is a gaUery and dome. A
fine bronze statue of Henry IV. wsia erected in
1818, on the Pont Neuf. The hoapitala of Paria
are numerous smd well managed. The Isirgest by
far is the Hotel Dieu ; after it, come the hospitals
de la Charite, St Antoine, Beaujon, des Enfans
Msdades, and others, to the number in all of 11.
Distinct from these are tfae Hospices, or establish
ments where the aged, the infirm, the lunatics, are
received and supported, on paying a smaU sum.
' The hospitals are all under a general board, ap
pointed by government The funda for their sup
port arise principally from the public treasury.
The catacombs are subterraneoua quarries, exca-
'vated in the course of siges for the building of
Paris, smd converted in the latter part ofthe 18th
century, into a great burying repository. They
stretch along the S. part of Paris, are of great ex
tent, and being easily traversed with the aid of a
guide, form a prominent object of attention to
fravellers. At the head of tfae literary associations is the In
stitute, a body compoaed of nearly 200 raembers,
and divided, since 1816, into four academies. It
comprises, as members or correspondents, a large
proportion of the literary or scientific characters
of the country. The Bureau des Longitudes is
compoaed of eminent astronomers and geometri
cians. The university comprises a number of
classes for each of the five faculties, viz. theology,
law, medicine, classics, sciences, meaning by the
last chemistry, botany, mathematics, and astrono
my. The admission to the lecturea ia gratuitous.
Paris contaipe also four Ivcees or great pubUc 71

schools, viz. the CoUege Louis le Grand, the Col
lege of Henry IV, the CoUege of Bourbon, the
College of Charlemagne, There is, moreover, the
College Royal de France, At the Jardin des Plan-
tes Eire no lesa than IS clsisaes for botany,, zoology,
geology, raineralogy, choraiatry, &c, 'Tp theae
are lobe added the Ecole Roy ale dea BeauX-Arts,
or achool for painting, aculpture, aud architecture.
The MUitary School ia for the education of 500
youtiia, genersdly the aona of oflicera who have
fallen in the aervice of their country. The Ecole
Polytechnique ia for the education of engineera.
pEiris is very rich in libraries, which sire accea
aible to sfll peraons without introduction. The U-
brsiry of the king, tfae largeat library in Europe,
contains upwarda of 360,000 printed volumea,
72,000 manuacripts, S,(K)0 volumes of engravings,
and a rare and curioua collection of antiquities
and medals. Amidst the collections of interest to
artiata, those ofthe Louvre hold tfae firat rank. Of
the ground floor of that apacious bufldingj a great
part ia appropriated to atatues and other apeci-
raena of aculpture, ancient and modern, diatribu-
ted in spacious halls, and arranged with much
tsiate. From theae a raagnificent slairdase leads lo
the gallery of paintings. It is of such length, that
the extreraity is almost lost in the distance, and is
lined on both sidea witfa the finest productions of
modern painters. They are divided into tfae
French, the Itsdian, and the Flemish schools.
The number ofpieces is upwards of 1,1(X), sind an
nually on the increase. The Jardin des Plantes
ia a garden of an oblong form, nesirly half a mile in
lengtfa, laid out with great taste, srad exfaibiting in
miniature, groups of plante of almost every region
in the globe ; alao a coUeqtion of animala of the
most different latitudes, as Uons, elephants, beara,
&c, Ofthe public gsu-dens and walks, Uie fineat and
most frequented are those of the T«fleries, wfaich
extend, in a beautiful oblong, to the westward of
the palace. They are laid out most elegantly with
gravelled walks, terraces, plots of flowera and
ahruba, groves of lofty trees, basins of waler, and
jek d'eau, interspersed with beautiful statues of
bronze and raarble. Thia delightful spot forras
the favourite walk ofthe Parisians, and ia crowd
ed on Sundaya during the day, and in the rest of
the week in the evenings, with well dreaaed per
sons. The gardens of the Luxembourg, the Jar
din des Plantes, and the Champs Elyaees, also af
ford very pleaaant walks ; and the Boulevards in
the suraraer evenings preaent an smimated acene.
The raanufacturea of Paria, as of London, con
siat chiefly of articlea of tsiate or nice workman-
ahip, snch as jewellery, watches, clocks, porce
lain, cabinet ware, mathematical instruments,
silks, artificial flowers, plate glaas, ornamental ar
ticlea in bronze, cottons, carpets, &c. The cora
merce of the city is carried on principaUy by land
carriage, the Seine, the Oise, the Marne, and the
Canal de Briare, being used only for the tranaport
of wood ; and other bulky articlea. Tfae ,colonial
and other foreign produce conaumed in Paris, ia
imported chiefly at Havre de Grace. C-oal is
very Uttle used ; the comraon, or alraost univeraal
fuel, ia wood, though conaiderably raore expensive
than cdal. "The expense of living is about 30 per
cent lesa than in London. Pop. in 1792, com
puted al 550,000 ; in 18 17, according to actual sur
vey, 71SiOOO. 260 ra. S. by E. Loudon, 270 S. by
W. Araaterdam, 700 W. Vienna, 750 N. 'W.
Rome, 1,400 S. W. St, Petersburg, The rova!

562

PAR

observatory standa in lon, 2° 20' 15" E. lat 48° 5ff
44" N,
Paris, p-t, and cap, Oxford co, Msune, 46 ra, N,
W, Portland, 160 N. N, E, Boston, Pop, 1,320.
It contsuns a court-house, jafl, and 2 churches,
Paris, p-t Oneida CO, N, Y, lOl ra, N, W, Alba
ny, Pop, 5,418, In this town is the viUage of
Clinton, Paris, p-t, Faquier co, Va,
Paris, or Bourbontan, p-t, smd cap, Bourbon co,
Kentucky, on a small creek that runs into Lick
ing river. It has two churches, a printing oflice,
and a nuraber of warehouaea and mecfasraic shops.
The greater part ofthe buildings are of brick, 20
m, E, Lexington, and 65 S, S, E, Ne'wport, Lat,
38° 14' N, Pop, 838,
Paris, t Stark co, Ohio, Pop, in 1819, 390,
Paris, p-t, Jefferson co, Indiana,
Parkany. See Baracan,
Porker, r, Maas, which fsiUs into Plumb islsind
sound. Porker, t. Butler co. Pa, Pop, 399,
Parker, Point, cape on the 'W, coast of Admi
ralty island, in Chatham's strait Lon, 205° 2ff E,
Lat 67° 37' N.
Parlcer's Island, or Ruskohegan, isl. Maine, at
the mouth of the Kennebeck. It is in the town
ship of Georgetown.
Parkersburg, p-t, and cap. Wood co, Va, on the
Ohio, Parkerstown, t Rutland co, Vt, 25 m, W, N,
W, Windsor. Pop, 111,
Parkinson's Ferry, p-v, Washington co. Pa,
Parkman, t Somerset co. Maine, 35 ra. N. E.
¦Norridgewock. Parkman, p-t. Geauga co. Ohio, on the head
waters of Grand river.
Parkundy, t Hind, in Malwah, Lon, 75° 38' E,
Lat 24° IffN.
Parkur, small district, Hind, in Gugerat, about
24° N. lat
Parlosco, t, .Ausfrian Italy, on tfae lake of Corao,
5 m, N, Como,
Parloio, t on the W, coast of Celebes, on a river
which flows into Parlow bay, Lat 1" S,
Parma, duchy, Italy, bounded N, by Lombsu-dy,
E, by ModenEi, and S, and W, by Tuscany, The
duchy is di-rided into four districts, viz, Parma,
Piacenza, Borgo San Domino, srad GuastaUa. Ex
tent, 2,280 square railes. Pop. 377,000. The m-
habitants are almost all Catholics. Revenue,
160,000?. By the treaty of Paris in I8I4, tfais
duchy waa given to the ex-empresa Maria Louiaa,
devolving, on her death, lo Auatria and Sardinia ;
a provision modified by subaequent arrangements,
the latest of which, in 1818, stipulated, that in re
turn for certain equivalents, this territory sfaould
eventually devolve to Spain.
Parma, city, Italy, capital of tfae duchy of the
same name, in a fertile plain, on the river Psirma.
It is still aurrounded by a ditch and raound, Ita
outworks are neglected and ruinous. The build
ings ofthe university are large and elegant. The
average number of students ia about 400, The
manufactures consist chiefly of ailk, and in a small
degree, of hats ; alao of fustian, Ita printing es
tabUshment ia weU known for ita elegant editions
ofthe claasica. SO m, W, by N, Modena, 70 S, E,
Milan, Lon, 10° 2ff E, Lat 44° 4ff N. Pop. 30,000,
Parma, r. Italy, which falla into the Po nesir Vi-
adana, Parma, p-t Geneaee co, N. Y. on Lake Onta
rio, 25 m , N, E, Batavia, Pop, 494,

PAS
Parnassus, the higheat mountsun of Greece, in
Phocia, (now part of Livadia), to the N, W, of
Mount Helicon.
Paros, ial. in the central part of the Grecian
archipelago, lo the W, of Naxoa, between 25° 12'
and 25° 2ff E, lon, and 36° 57' and 37° Iff N, lat
40 milea in circumference. Its principal product ia
cotton ; but com, wine, fruit, and vegetablea, are
likewise raised. The port of Naussa is capable
of contsiining about 100 sail of vessels, and ia weU
sheltered. In ancient times Paros owed its chief
celebrity to its raarble, so fsuned for whiteness
and solidity. The Apollo Belvidere, the Venus
de Medicis, and several other celebrated.pieces of
aculpture, are of this beautiful material. Fop. not
above 2,000.
Parparsarat, isl. in the straits of Malacca, near
the coast of Sumatra, about 60 miles in cfrcum
ference. Lon. 102° Iff E. Lat 1° 21' N.
Parr, t Eng. in LancEishfre, 4 m. W, by S,
Newton in Wakerfield. Pop. 1,405.
Parra, amsiU iaL in the gulf of Panamsi. Lat Z'
2ffN. Porras, t. Mexico, in Durango, 230 m, N. Du
rango. Lon. 106° 12' W. Lat 26° 35'N. Pop,
7,000. Parret, r. Eng. which runa into the Bristol chan
nel at Bridgewater bay.
Parriah, t Hind, in Bahar. Lon. 85° Sff E. LaL
26° 41' N,
Parrida, sraall isl. in the PsuM'fic, near the coast
of Veragua, Lat 7" Iff N.
PorrishviUe, p-t St Lawrence co. N. Y, S, E,
of Ogdenaburg.
Parsonauth, t Hind, in Bahar. Lat &c. not
siscertained. Parsons, t Esaex co. Mass, formerly a parish of
Newbury, and incorporated as a town in 1819.
Parson-field, p-t York co. Maine, 38 m, N, 'W.
Portland, 118 N, N, E, Boaton, Pop, in 1818,
above 2,500, It contsdns 5 faouses of pubUc wor
ship, 3 for Baptists, 1 for Congregationahsts, and
1 for Quakers,
Partalpour, t Bengal, in Midnapore, Lon, 87"
SO' E, Lat, 2-2° 21' N,
Partanico, t Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, 24
m, frora Palermo. Pop. 5,000.
Portapar, t. Hind, iu Bahar. Lon. 85" 28' E,
Lat 25" 54' N.
Partenkirche, t Bavaria, 48m.S. S. W, Munich
Pop. 1,300.
Parthenay, t. France, in Two Sevres, 21 m, N,
N, E. Niort, 24 N. W, Poitiers, Pop, 3,200,
Parthia, in Sac Geog, an extensive country of
Asia, bounded N, by Hyrcania, E, by Ariana, S,
by the deserts of Caramania, and W. by Media
Parian, v. Eng. in Cumberland, Ii m, fi'oni
Whitehaven, Pop, 478,
Partridge, Cape, cape on the N. E, coast of
Newfoundland. Lon. 56" VV. Lat IS" 15'N,
Partridges, Isle of. See Bua.
Partridge's Island, small isl, on the S. coast of
\'an Diemen's Land, Lat 43° 23' 30" S,
Parupaiioda, t. India, in Malabar, Lon, 76° 55'
E, Lat 11° 2'N,
Parwich, t. Eng, in Derbyshire, 6 m, N, by E.
Aahborn. Pop. 486.
Pas, t France, in Pas de Calais, near Doulena.
Pop, 900,
Passao, or Passado, Cape, promontory, Quito,
25 m, S, of the equinoctiEd Une,
Pascagoula, r, Missiaaippi, which ia formed by the
union ol Uie Chickasawhay andLeafrivera,aiidfalls

PAS

PAS

563

juio the gulf of Mexico 38 m, W, of Mobile bay,
after a courae of 200 miles. Near the gulf it ex
pands into a broad bay, but too shallow at its en
trance to admit vessels drawing more than,4 feet
water. Above this bay it is navigable for vessels
drawing 6 feet water 60 miles, and for boata 100
mfles farther,
Pascantajo, port, Peru, Lat, 7°20' S,
Pascataquo. See Piscataqua.
Pascotaquas, r, Maine, which runa into the W,,
side ofthe Penobacot, 9 ra, above the Pasaadunky,
, Paschkaw, t, Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, 10 m.
from DubassEu-.
Pasco, t Peru, 167 ra. S. W. Guancavelica.
. Pascuaro, t Mexico, in VaUadoUd, on a lake of
the same uEune, 48 miles in circumference. Pas
cuaro is 7,217 feet above the level ofthe aea, 31 m.
S..W. Valladolid, 126 W. Mexico. Lon. 101° 21'
W. Lat 19" 2ff 30" N. Pop, 6,000,
Pas de Calais, department in the N, E, of
France, bounded E, by French Flanders, W, by
Somrae, N, by the straits of Dover, Extent, 2,500
ajuare mUes, Pop, 570,000, Its surface is very
level, and the aofl in genersfl fertfle.
Pasitano,X Naplea, in Principato Citra, IS m.
W. by N. Salerno, 18 S. S. E. Naplea. Pop. nearly
4,000.- Pdstey, Cape, cape on the. S. coaat of New Hol
land. Lon. 123° 26' E. Lat 33" 56' S.
Pasman, amall isl. on the cosist of Austrisui Dal
matia, 16 mfles long, and 2 broad, Lon. 15° 66' E.
Lat. 44° ff N.
_ Paso, miUtsuy post of the Spaniards, on tfae
right bank of tfae Rio del Norte, 300 m. from San
ta Fe, 625 N. Durango.
Paspoya, t Buenos Ayres, 60 m. S. La Plata.
Pasqua, t Mexico, in Gusidalaxara, 45 ra. W.
N. W. La Purification. Lat 20° 5' N.
Pasquaro. See Pascuaro.
Pasquioro, t Mexico, in the intendancy of Du
rango, S. of tiie Rio del Nasssis. Pop, 5,600.
Pasquotank, or Pasquetank, r. N. CaroUns^
whicfa risea in Dismal Swamp, and runs into Al
bemarle sound. It is connected by a canal with
Elizabetfa river, a brancfa of James river.
Posquotonkj co, in tfae N. E. part of N, CaroU
ne, Pop, 7,674, including 2,295 slaves, Cfaief
town, Nixonton.
Passa del Norte, t. Mexico, on tfae Rio del
Norte, 200 ra, frora SibiUeta,
Passaduriky, or Passadumkeag, r, Maine, which
runa S, E, and joina the Penobacot, 19 m. above
Bangor, Passage, t. S. America, iu Tucuman, 116 m. N.
St. Miguel de Tucuman,
Passage Canal, an inlet on the W, coast of N.
Americsi, in Prince WiUiam's sound. Lon, 212°
Iff E. Lat 60° 4ff N.
Passage Fort, t Jamaicsi, 7 m, S, E, Port Royal,
Passage, Great, one ofthe Virgin ialands, about
7 railes long, and 2 wide, 12 m, E, Porto Rico,
Passage Island, araall ial, among the PfaUippines^
20 m. E, Leyta, Lon. 12.5" 27' E, Lat 10° 44' N, .
Passage Island, small isl. in the gulf of Georgia,
a* the enfrance into Howe's sounds Lon, 237° 3'
E, Lat, 49° 21' N,
Passage Isk, arasdl ial, in the W, coaat of Suma
tra. Lon, 97° 65° E, Lat 2° 31' N,
Passage Point, the E, point of Elizabeth'a bay,
in the atraita of MageUan, Lon, 73° 40' W, Lat
53" Iff S, ?
Passage Point, cape ou the coaat of Patagonia,
iri the atraits of MageUan, Lon,73°4ffW, Lat,
53° Iff S,

Passages, Los, a-p, Spain, in Guipuscoa, 4 m.
E, N. E, St Sebastian, Lon, l°5ffW, Lat 43."
2ffS0"N, Pop, 1,700,
Passaic, i: N, J, which riaea in Morria county,
and flewa S. into Newark bay. It ia navigable 10
milea for amaU vesaels. At Patterson is the cata
ract or great falls, where the river, 40 yarda wide,
raoves in a alow gentle current, until coming with
in a ahort diatsmce of a deep cleft in a rock which
croaaea the channel, it falla 70 feet perpendicular
in one entire sheet, preaenting a acene of singular
grandeur and beauty.
Passais, t. France, in Orne, 6 m. S. W. Dom
front. Pop, 2,300,
Passoman, one ofthe raoat northern provinces of
Suraatra, nearly under the equator,
Passamaquoddy Bay, bay which forms part of
the boundary between the United States and tfae
British province of New Brunswick. It is about
6 miles from N. to S. and 12 from E. lo W. It
containa a number of islands, as Campo Bello,
Deer, Moose, Dudley, and Frederick. 11 receives
3 rivers, the principal of whiph ia the Schoodic.
Passao, Ca^e, cape on the coast of Peru. Lat 0°
SffS, Passorge, r, Eas't Pruasia, which faUs into the
Frische Haff, at Braunsberg,
Passaro, small isl, in the Mediterranean, at
the S. E, extremity of Sicily, 24 m, S. Syracuse,
Passaro, Cope, cape on the S, E, coaat of Sicily»
Lon, 16° ff E, Lat, 36° SffN,
Passarouong, t. and fort on the N. ahore of Java.
676 m, E, Batavia, Lon, 113° Iff E, Lat 7° Sff 3,
Passorawils, t Eu, Turkey, in Servia, near the
Morawa, 12 in, E, Semendria, 33 E, S, E, Belgrade,
Passau, t Bavaria, at the confluence ofthe Inn
and Danube, It waa formerly the capitsd of a
bishopric, and is atill a bishop's aee. The fortifi
cationa are of conaiderable strength, 86 m, E, N,
E, Munich, 138 W, by N, Vienna, Lon, 13° 2ff E,
Lat 48" 36' N. Pop, 7,000, The biahopric of Pas
sau comprised a tract of country lying between
Bavaria, Bohemia, and Upper Austria, Extent,
470 sq, miles. Pop, 60,000, It was secularized in
1803; and since 1815, the part lying on the west of
the Inn belongs to Bavaria, and the reat to Auatria.
Passberg, or Pass, t Austrian Statea, in latria,
25 ra, S. S, E, Trieate,
Passehendak, v, Netherlands, in West Flanders,
7 ra. N, E, Ypres, 22 S, by W, Bruges, Pop, 2,600,
Passenheim, t. East Prussia, 73 m, S, by E, Ko
nigsberg. Pop. 900.
Posseron Islands, small islands near the E. coast
of Africa. Lat 11° 10' S.
Possewolk,'^ Prussia, in Pomerania, at the con
fluence of the Randow and the Ucker, 17 ra. N,
Prenzlow, Pop. 3,200.
Passignano, t. Italy, in the States ofthe Church,
8 ra. S. E. Cortona, 38 N. W. Spoleto.
Passir, t. on the E. aide of Borneo, 60 ra, frOm
the raouth of the river of the same name. A few
Chineae are aetUed here, who are in possession of
the principal part of the trade, Lon, 116° 10' E,
tat]°57'S, Pa«s«ma^, district of Sumatra, on the S,W. coast,
Pa$sy, V. France, on the Seine, 24 m, W, Pa
ris, Pop, 3,000,
Pastaza, or Pastaca, r. Quito, which runs more
than 100 mfles, and enters the Amazons, in lat 48°
3' S,
Fasto, district of Popayan, in New Granada,
Pasto.the capital, is 80 m, S,S,W, Popayan, Lon,
76° 4ff W, Lat, 1° 15' N, Pop, 7,000,

664

P A T

Pastravich, district al the S. extreraity of Aur-
trian Dalmatia, lying between tfae gulfof Venice
and Monte Negro, Tfae chieftown is Budua.
Pas««/)*ic,r,Vt risea S.E, of Lake Memphrema-
gog, and runs S, into the Connecticut, 15 or 20
miles above NeWbury,
Passlo, t. Hungary, on the Zagyva, 40 ra, N,
N, E, Peat,
Patagonia, or Land af Magellan, country, S,
America, bounded N, by Buenos Ayres, E. by the
Atlantic, S, by the straits of MageUan, and 'W, by
the South Pacific ocean ; extending frora 63° to
76° W, lon, and from 38° to 54° S, lat The peo
ple are reported to be of a gigantic atature, and
notwithatanding the rigour of the cUmate, to go
naked. That they are barbarous, is evinced by
the treatment of tfae few unfortunate Europeans
who have fallen into their handa. They differ in
deed in mannera, as tfaey are divided into a great
variety of nations. Towards the straits they are
said to be perfectly savage ; on the frontiers of the
Spaniah and Portuguese they greatly resemble the
Cfailiana, Some of the inhabitants seen by Com,
Byron, in the year 1764, he supposed to be about
seven feet in height Capt, 'Wallia, in tfae year
1766, meaaured one of tfae tallest, and found his
height to be aix feet seven inches ; but he aaya the
greatestpart ofthem waa from five feet ten to six
feet. Their completion ia a dark copper colour,
like that of tfae Indiana in North America,
Pa/an, t Hind, in Ajmeer, on the S, aide of the
river Chumbul, Lon, 75° 5ff E, Lat, 25° 17' N,
Patany, port on the S, coast of the peninaula of
Malacca, near tfae mouth ofthe gulf of Siam, Lon,
101°40'E, Lat6°60'N, '
Patapsco, r, Maryland, which runa S, E, and
flows into Cheaapeak bay, between Nortfa Point
and Bodkin's point, which laat ia in lat, 39" 10' N,
The river ia navigable lo Fell'a point at Baltimore,
14 miles, for ships drawing 18 feet water. About 8
miles above, at Elkridge. landing, there sire
faUs, Patera, or Patera, place on the aea coast of Car
amania, in A, Turkey, Lon, 29° 20' E, Lat, 36°
IffN, Patatan, t. on the N, W, coast of Borneo, Lon,
116°5'E, Lat 5" .50' N,
Patavirco. See Patavilca.
Patoy, t France, in Loiret, 12 m, N,N, W, Or
leans, ¦ Pop. 1,000,
Pataz, jurisdiction of Peru, in the intendancy
of Truxillo, CaxamarquUla and Huamachucho
are the chief towns, both of Utile note, except for
the gold washing in the neighborhood,
Pakhogue, p-v. in Brookhaven, Suffolk co, N. Y,
Patchaw Islands, a group of islands on the coast
of China, The southernmost is in lon, 123° 62'
E, Lat 24° ffN,
Potchwary, t, Bengal, in Ranjeshy, Lon, 87"
42'E, Lat 24° 27' N,
Patcoona, t, Bengal, Lon, 87° 2' E, Lat, 23° ff N,
Pateeto, t. Hind, in Benares, 8 m. S. Chunar.
Poteley Bridge, t. Eng, in '!^orksfaire, 14 ra, N,
W, Harrowgate,
Palerno, t, Sicily, in the Val di Deraona, 12 m,
W, by N, Catania,
Paternosters, Great, a cluster of ahoals and islets
in the Eaatern aeas, about 120 milea long and 30
broad, Lon, 117° Iff to 119°10' E, Lat 6°30' to
to 7° 42' S,
Paternosters, Littk, cluater of 13 rocka in the
Eastem seaa, between Borneo and Celebes,

PAT
Patery, district, Hind, in Berar, on the N, bank
ofthe Godavery, Lon. 77° ffE, Lat 19° 18'N,
Patesvilk, p-v. Breckenridge co. Ken.
Patgang, t, Bengal, in Rungpore, Lon, 88° 55'
E, Lat, 26° 18' N,
Path-Head, t. ScoUand, in Fifeshire, J m, E.
Kirk-aldy, Pop. 1,692,
Path-Head, v. Scotland, 11' m, S.Edinburgh,
Patia, r, Quito, which enters the Pacific ocean
by eleven moutha, in lat 2° 10' N,
Patience, ial, in Narraganset bay, N. W, of Pru
dence ialand, 2 milea long and 1 broad.
Patiensia, Strait of, strait between Gilolo island
suid Bachian islsmd.
Patiero, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Celebes,
in Bony bay. Lon. 120° 57' E. Lat 3° 43' S.
Patigor, t Ruaaian Poland, 84 m, S, S, W.
Kiev, Potincoor, t India, in Madura, Lon, 78° 35' E.
Lat 9° 41' N.
Potmos, iaL of the Grecian archipelago, near
tfae coaat of Aaia Minor, 10 mflea long, 5 broad,
and 25 or 30 in circumference. It is chiefly cele
brated SIS being the spot where St John retired,
and where he wrote the Apocalypse. It produces
very little, audit is now cruelly laid waste by the
piratea who infest those seas. Lon, 26° 4ff E, Lat
37° 30' N, Pop, 3,000.
Patna, a celebrated city of Hind, and cap. of
Bahar, on the S. bsmkof the Gsmges. It containa
sorae raosques and temples, but few of the houses
exceed one or two stories in height The neigh
bouring country producea the finest opium and
saltpetre, smd great quantities of wheat and other
valuable grains ; also sugar aud indigo. In 1763
the city was taken by the Britiah. The houses of
tfae Europeans su-e not in the town, but in a sub
urb caUed Banhypore, a rafle or two to the west
of it At the distance of 11 mfles W. atanda the
large railitary csmtonraents of Dinapore. 250 m.
N. W. Calcutta. Lon. 85° Iff E, Lat 25° ST N,
Pop, estiraated at 500,000.
Patoma, r. A, Russia, which falls into the Lena,
in lon. 116°24' E, lat 59° 6ff N.
Potamock. See Potomac.
Patan, t Green co. Pa. Pop. 297.
Patook, or Putlock, r. Honduras, which runa into
tiie bay, in lon. 84° 25' W. lat 15° 55' N.
Patos, T. Brazfl, which runs into the AUantic,in
lat. 28° 28' S.
Patros, or Baliabadra, s-p. Greece, in Uie N,
W, part of the Morea, at the entrjmceof the gulf
of Lepanto, The trade is considerable, particu
larly with Trieste, Corfu, and Zante. Here are
resident consuls of England, France, and theprin
cipal European states. 10 m. S. by W. Lepanto,
65 W. by N. Corinth. Lon. 21° 43' E. Lat 38°
Sff N, Pop, 10,000,
Patree, t. Hind, in Gujerat, and cap, ofa district
ofthe samenarae, Lon, 7I°S5'E, Lat,22°5ff N,
Patrick, CO. in the S. part of Virginia, Pop,
4,695, Slaves 724, At the court-house is a post-
office, Patricks mills, p-v. Craven co, N, C, ^
Patricksville, p-v. Guilford co, N. C,
Patricktown, t. Lincoln co, Maine, adjoining
Palerrao, Pop, 138,
Patrimonio di S. Pietro, province, Italy, be-i
longing to the States of the Church, It lies N,W,
of Rome, and is about 45 miles long and 35 broad,
Patrington, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 20 m, E, S, E,
Hull, Lon, 0° 4' E, Lat 53° 4ff ,N, Pop. 1,016,
Patroclea. See Gaidroniai.

PAV
Patsehkau, t. Pruasian Statea, on the Neiaae, 5
m, S, Munsterburg, Pop, 2,200,
Paftan, or P'uttun, disfrict. Hind, in Gujerat,
about 24° N, lat
Pattan, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, Lon, 75° 38'
E,Latl9''2ffN. Pattan, or Putn, t. Hind, in Nepaul, Lon, 85°
4ffE,Lat27°31'N, Pa«e, s-p, on the E, coast of Africa, Lon, 41°
24'E,LatO°12'S, Pattedeah, city. Hind, in Delhi, district of Sir-
hind. It is the most flourishing town in the dis
trict, Lon, 75° Sff E, Lat, 30° Iff N,
Pottensee, or Pattensen, t, Hsmover, 6 ra, S,
Hanover, Pop, 1,400,
Patterdale, v. Eng. in Westmoreland, 8 m. N.
Ullswater. Pop. 319.
Patterson, p-t Putoam co. N. Y, 22 m. S. E.
Poughkeepaie, 107 m. S. S, E. Albany, Pop,
1,446. Patterson, ji-t Easex co, N, J, on the Paaaaic,
It is situated at the great falls of the Pasaaic, and
contains a bank, a printing-office, aud 2 houaes of
public worship, 1 for Preabyterians, and 1 for
Dutch Reformed, 15 m, N. Newark, 97 N, N, E,
Philadelphia, Pop, 292, It is weU situated for a
manufacturing towu, srad a company was incor
porated in 1791 for the purpose of encouraging
manufactures of every kind,
Pa«i, t, Sicily, 33 m, W, Messina, Lon, 15° ^
E. Lat 38° IffN. Pcq). 5,000.
Pattiary, t. Hind, in Agra. Lon. 79° 25' E.
Lat27°S7'N. Pattonsburg, p-v. Botetourt co. Va.
Pattur, or Putiugotta, t Bengal, on the Ganges,
7 m. below Colgong.
Patucket. See Pawtucket.
Patucket Folk, on the Merrimack, between
Chelmsford and Dracut, a Uttie above the mouth
of Concord river. The descent of the river here
is 28 feet. A canal Ii miles long, ia conatmcted
around the falls. The village of Patucket ia
in Chelraaford. It contains a post-office and 2 cot
ton manufactoriea, and a bridge ia here thrown
acroas the river.
Patugott, r. Brazil, which enters the Atiantic,
opposite the lala Grande.
Paturages, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 4 m. S.
W. Mons. Pop, 3,500.
Patuxent, r, Marylsmd, which empties into the
W, side ofthe Cheaapeake, about 15 ra, N, of the
mouth of the Potomac. It admita veaaels of 250
tona to Nottingham, 46 ra. from ita mouth, and
boata to Queen Anne, 12 miles higher,
Patsau, or Potsow, t Bohemia, 49 m. S, S, E,
Prague, Pop, 2,200.
Pau, t in the S. W, of France, cap. of Lower
Pyrenees, on the Gave, 15 m. N. E. Aleron, 100
S, Bourdeaux, Lon, 0" 23' W, Lat 43° T N, Pop,
9,000. ^
PoucoraUa, province of Pem, bounded N.E. by
the lake of Titicaca, N, by the province of Lampa,
W, by Moqueha, and S, by Africa and Pacaiea,
Pop, 26,000, ' ••
¦^ Faucortombo, province of Peru, bounded N, W,
and W, by Calca and Larea, N, E, and E, by the
frontier of the Indiana, and S, by that of Quiapi-
canchi, R is 26 leagues from N, to S, and 7 hroad.
Pop. 8,000. Paucartambo, the capital, is 33 m,
E, N, E. Cuzco, Lat 13° 28' S,
Pojiia, a delegation of Austrian Italy, in the
government of Milan, Extent, 320 square miles.
Fop, about 117,000, Its surface is for tiie moat

PAU

565

part level, and of such fertiUty that it has been
called the Garden ofthe Milanese,
Pavia, anciently Ticinum, or Papid,, t. Aus
frian Italy, cap, ofa delegation ofthe same name,
on the Ticino, 4 m, above ita junction with the
Po, Pavia ia atill surrounded witJi fortifications,
but they are falling to decay. The university is
said to be the most ancieut in Europe, having beeh
founded by Charlemagne in 791, It ia tfae aee of
a biahop, and is 18 ra, S, Milsm, 80 W, Mantua,
Lon, 9° ff E, Lat 45" Iff N, Pop, 23,237,
Pauillac, t France, on the Gironde. Ships
destined for Bourdeaux, here put part of tfaeir car
goes in lighters. 12 m. S. E. Leaparee, 28 N. by
W. Bourdeaux. Pop. 1,500.
PamUy, t France, in Lower Seine, 12 m. N. W.
Rouen. Pop. 2,000.
Paukputtun. See Adjodin.
Paula, fort, A. Russia, in Caucsisus, 20 m. W.
Ekaterinograd. Paulding, co, Ohio, on Maumee river, adjoining
Indiana, sind formed, in 1820, in the Indian reser
vation, Paulee, or Pauleegur, called also Surrusgur, a
celebrated fortress and t. Hind, in Aurungabad,
district ofthe Concan, It is on the S, E. side of
Nagootan river, about 20 m, from Bombay, This
fortreaa waa taken in February 1818,by the Britiah
froopa. Paulee, t Hind, in Ajmeer. It is one of the
greatest commercial marts iu sdl Rajpootana.-
Lat not ascertsuned.
Paulhoguet, t. France, in Upper Loire, 9 m, S,
E, Brioude, Pop, 900,
Paulinskill, r. Sussex co, N, J, which runs into
the DelawEU-e, Itis navigable for small craft, 15
miles. Paydisza, v. of the Morea, in Arcadia, built on
the site of tfae ancient Phigaleia,
Pavlograd, t. Eu, Rusaia, in Ekaterinoslav, 32
m, E, Ekaterinoslav, Lon, 35° 54' E, Lat, 47°
Iff N,
Paukn, t. Piedmont, which falls into the Medi
terranean near Nice,
Pa«totoJ;,t, Rusaia, 14 m.S. S. E.St. Peters
burg. Paulava, v. A. Russia, in Irkoutsk, on the Le
na, 16 ra. N. Orlenga.
Povlovo-sek, t. Eu. Rusaia, iu Niznei-Novgo
rod, on the Oka, Pop, 6,000,
Pavlovsk, t. Eu. Ruasia, in Voronez, on the Don,
76 ra, S. S, E, Voronez, Pop, 2,000,
Poulsburg,t. Coos co, N, H, 22 ra. from Lan-
c-,.ater, 89 N»Concord.
Poulus W)ok. See Jersey city.
Poumanean Islands, in the S. Pacific ocean,
from 25 to 50 leaguea E. of Otaheite. The inhabi
tants were proverbial for their cruelty, supersti
tion, and abominable vices, but -within a few
years they have made an open professionof Chris
tianity. Paungul, t. Hind, in Hyderabad, Lon, 78°
2ff E, Latl6°lffN,
Pauraute, r. Venezuela, which erapties itself
¦ into the lake of Maracaibo, in lat, 10° 12' N,
Pausa, t. Saxony, 8 m, '\V, N, W, Plauen, Pop,
1,600, Pousram, or Pousdram, t Austrian States, in
Moravia, on the Schwarza, 4 ra, S, Brunn, Pop,
900, Pautske, or Putzig, t. West Prussia, 26 m. N.
N,W, Dantzic. Pop.],g00.

566

PAY

Pawanghur, t. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74"
2ff E. Lat 16" 52' N.
Pawtucket, r. Which watera the S. W. part of
R. Island, and runs into Stonington harbour. In
the latter part of its courae it ia the boundary be
tween Connecticut and R. Ialsmd,
Powen, amall ial. in the bay of Gonong Tellu, on
the E, coast ofthe island of Celebea, Lon, 122° 3'
E. Lat. 0° Iff S.
Pawlet, p-t Rutiand co, Vt 39 ra, W, Windsor,
Pop, 2,233,
Pawlet, r, which rises in Verraont, and runs into
Wood Creek in New- York.
Pawling, p-t, Dutchess co, N, Y, 20 ra, S, E,
Poughkeepsie, 105 £, Albany. Pop. 1,756,
Pawn Gauw, t Hind, in Dowletabad, 22 m.
S, E, Perinda, Lon. 76°'12' E, Lat 18° 14' N,
Pawtucket, p-v. partly iu North Providence,
R, I. and partly in Seekhonk, Mass, finely situated
on Pawtucket river, at the falls, 4 m. N, E. Prov
idence, It contains a bank and 2 churches. It is
one of the raost extensive and flourishing manu
facturing placea in the United Statea, There are
in the town of North Providence, and chiefly in
the village of Pawtucket, 10 cotton mflls, 6 shops
for making machinery, 2 furnaces for casting, 1
sUtling. mill, 2 anchor shops, a cut-nail factory, 2
screw raanufactories, 3 grain raills, 1 clothier's
mill, aud 1 carding machine,
Pawtucket, r. whicfa riaea in Maaaachuaetls,
where it is csilled the Blackstone, and running S.
E, into Rhode-Island, falls into Providence river,
just below Providence, It has falls of about 50
feet, 4 railes frora its mouth. Below the falls, the
river is called the Seekhonk,
Pawtuxet, r, R, Island, runs into Providence'
river, 5 miles below Providence. It abounds with
falls, whicfa furnish fine situations for mfll aeata
and manufacturing establishments. There are
about 40 cotton factories on thia river and its
branches. Pawtuxet, p-v. and port of entry, R, I, partiy in
/Warwick, and partly in Cranston, at the mouth of
Pawtuxet river. It containa above 100 dwelling
houses, a churcfa, an acaderay, containing usuEflly
about 70 students, and a bank. Pop, 1,000, It is
diatinguiahed for its manufactures. Here are 2
woollen factories, 3 cotton factories, a gin dis
tillery, and 3 grain mills.
Paxaras, or Bird Island, small isl, near the S,
coast of Cuba, Lon, 78° 24' W. Lat, 19° 56' N,
Paxoras, sraall islands near the coast of Chili,
tat. 29° 40' S,
Paxo, isl, in the Mediterranean, near the en
trance ofthe Adriatic, 6 m. S. Corfu, and 10 frora
the coast of Albsmia, It is one ofthe seven islands
ofthe Ionian republic. Extent, 35 square miles.
It is inhabited by about 6^000 Greeks, Lon, 20°
21' E, Lat 39" 21' N.
Paxton, p-t, Worcester co, Mass. 9 m, N, W.
Worceater, 48 W, Boaton. Pop. 619.
Paxton, Lower, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 2,180.
Paxton, Middle, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 707.
Paxton, Upper, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop.
2,274. Paxton. t. Ross co. Ohio, on Paint creek, 15 m.
S. W. ChilUcothe. Pop. in 1819, 510.
Payamino, r. Quito, which runs S. 60 railes,
and enters the Napo, in lat 1° 2' S.
Payana, lake, Eu. Russia, in Finland, 80 railes
long and 1-1 broad.

PEC
Payerne, t Swias canton of Lucerne, 16 m, W;
Freyberg, Payho. See Peiho.
Pays de Vaud. See Vaud.
Paz, t Mexico, in ValladoUd, 120 m, N, N. W.
Mexico, Lon. 100" 28' W, Lat 20" 59' N, Pop.
about 3,000.
Pas, La, city in a district of the a'ame uame,-ia
Buenoa Ayrea. It hsis a cathedrsd, four churches,
five convents, and three nunneries. It is a bish
op's aee, with very considerable revenues. 120
ra, E, S, E. Arequipa, 288 S. E, Cuzco, 612 S. E,
Lima, Lon, 68" 2ff W, Lat 17° 15' N, Pop,
20,000. Pazsano, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 19 m. N,
N. E. Girace, Pop. 1,000.
Peabody, r. N. H. which joina the Androscog
gin, in Shelburne,
Peace River, or Unjigah River, risea on the
W. side of the Rocky mountains, in lat 54°
24' N, and lon. 121° W, Its aource is only a few
milea from that of the Columbia river. After a
N, E. course of more than I,(K)0 mflea, during
which il ia increased by the acceaaion of many
large rivers, it passes the Lake of the HiUs, after
wfaicfa it is called Slave river, and running throogiii
Slave lake, and afterwards receiving the denomi
nation of Mackenzie's river, it empties itself into
the Frozen ocean, iu 70° N, lat smd about 135°
W. lon,
Peacham, p-t. Caledonia co, Vt, 19 m, S. E.
MontpeUer, Pop, 1,301, It contains a church
srad an academy,
Peachbottam, p-v. York co. Pa.
Peachtown, t Tompkins co- N. Y.
Peage, t France, in Drome, on the Isere, oppo
site Roraans, lira. N. E. Vsdence. Pop. 1,300.
Peaks of Otter, mount«iins, Bedford co. Va,
They are suraraits ofthe Blue ridge, and are con
sidered the most elevated points of land in Vir
ginia. The altitude of the eastem peak, measured
from its base, is nearly 4,000 feet 30 m, W, by
N, Lynchburg,
Peorce Point, a low and sandy point on the E,
shore of Spencer's gul^ New HoUand. Lon, 137'
21' E, Lat34»28iS,
Pearl, r. Mississippi, which rises near lat 3S° N.
and, pursuing a S. course, falls into the Rigolets
that connect Lake Borgne with Lake Ponchartrain. -
Ita navigation is at present obsfrucled by logs and
drift wood. From lat 31° to its mouth, it sepa
rates Mississippi from Louisiana.
Pearl IslonS, amall islands ofthe gulfof Pana
ma, 45 ra, from the city of Panama,
PeaW Island, small isl, in the W. Indies. Lon.
79° Iff W. Lat 14° Sff N.
PeeW Keys, islets in tiie Spanish Main, on the
Moaquito ahore, Lon. 82° 45' W, Lat 12° 26'N,
Pearson's Isles, cluater of small isles on the S.
shore of New Holland, Lon, 134° IffE, Lat 33°
57' S,
Pease, t. Belmont ca Ohio, on Ohio river, 7 nl.
E, St, ClairsviUe, Pop, in 1819, 1,700,
Pec, Le, t France, on Uie Seine, near St Ger-
raains, 1 1 ra, W, Paria,
Peccais, fort, France, in Gard, about half a'
mile from the sea, 1 1 ra, S, E, MontpeUer, 26 S.
by W, Nimes.
Pechlam, t Auafrian states, on the Danube, 20
m, W, St Polten, Pop, 800,
PeckeUheim, t Prusaian states, 18 m, E. S, p.
Paderborn, Pop, 1,200,

PEE

P E I

567

Pecortary, settiement, Arksinsaw Territory, 20
m. from Cadrqn.
Pecora, Cape, cape on the W, cosist of Sardinia,
Lon, 8° 27' E, Lat, 39" 27' N,
' Peddabalabaram, or Great BaUpoor, t, and for
tress, India, in Mysore, Lon, 77" 47' E, Lat, 13°
17' N.
Peddapore, t. Hind, in the Northern Cfrcars,
Lon, 82" Iff E. Lat, 17° ff N.
Pedee, Great, c. S. Carolina, which rises in
North Carolina, wfaere it ia called Yadkin river,
and running S, S, E. joina the Wakkamaw near
Georgetown, The united afresuna form Winyaw
bay, which communicatea with the Atlsintic 12 m.
below Georgetown. The Pedee ia navigable for
boats of 60 or 70 tona, about 200 raflea,
Pedee, Littk, r. S. Carolina, which unites with
the Great Pedee, 32 m, above ita mouth,
Pedena, or Biben, t. Austrian states, in latria,
15 ra. S, W, Fiurae, Pop. 1,600.
Pederneiro, a-p. Portugal, 18 ra, S, W, Leyria,
18 N, E. Peniche, Lon, 8° 56' E, Lat 39° 21' N,
Pop. 1,100,
Pedir, t. Suraatra, on the W. coaat
Pedro Shoals, in the W, Indies, extend from lat,
17° 20' to 30° N. and frora lon. 79° ff to 79" 17' W,
Pedro da Gale, amall isl. near the W. cosist of Af
rica. Lat 21" 48' N.
Pedras Point, on the cosist of Brazil, 7 leagues
E. S. E. from the strait of St John's island,- and
75 from Cape North.
Pcdrasa, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 21 m, N, E,
Segovia, Pedro, small ial, in the Indian sea, near the W,
coast of Madagascar. Lon, 47° 48' E, Lat 14°
5ffS, ' .
Pedrogaon, or Pedragon, t Portugal, in Eatra-
madiira, 41 ra, N, E, Thomar, 110 N, E, Lisbon,
Peebles-shire, or Tweeddale, county, Scotland,
bounded E. smd S, E, by Berwick and Selkfrk
ahires, S. by Dumfriea-slure, W. by Lanarkahire,
and N, by Mid-Lothian, Uea between 66° 25' and
55° Sff N. lat Pop, in 1811, 9,935,
Peebles, a royal burgh, Scotland, and cap, of
Pecbles-ahire, on the N, bank of the Tweed, 22 ra,
S. Edinburgh, Pop. 2,200,
PeekskiU, p-v. in Cortlandt, Weatchester co, N,
Y. on tfae Hudaon, near the mouth of PeekskiU
creek, 40 m. N. New York,
Peel, or Peel Town, t. Eng, on the W, coast of
the Isle of Man, at the mouth of Peel river, chiefly
noted for the ruins of its castle and cathedral, 12
m.W, Douglas, Lon, 4" 41' W, Lat 54° 15' N:
Pop. 1,200.
Pee/as, isl. in the Eastern seas, is W, of Basilan,
v/hich ia al the S. W, extremity of Msigindanao, .
Peeling, p-t Grsifton co, N, H, 52 ra, N. Con
cord. Pop. 203.
Peene, r. Germsmy, which falla into the Baltic
at Peenemunde, aud is navigable as far as Dem
min. At Demmin il forras the boundary between
Mecklenburg and Pomerania.
Peenemunde, v. Prusaia, in Pomerapia, at the
mouth ofthe Peene, 28 m,-S. S, E. Stralsund,
¦* Peepee, t Pike co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 19 ra.
below ChiUicothe.
Peeply. See Piply.
Peer, t Netherlanda, in Limburg, 22 m. N. by
W, Maeatricht, 32 N, Liege, Pop, 1,200,
Peer, amall isl, in the eaatern aeaa, Lon, 118°
20' E, Lat 5° 18' S.
Peergaum, t Hind, in Aurungabad, at the con

fluence of the Beemah and Sursutty rivers, Loa ,
75° 2'E, Lat 18°32'N,
Peerpunchaul, range of mountaina in Hindostsra,
which forms the aouthern boundary of Caahmere.
Pegttu, t. Saxony, on the river Elater, 14 m. S,
S. W. Leipaio. Pop. 2,300,
Pegnas, or Pennos, Cape, cape on the N. coaat
of Spain, in Asturia. Lon. 6" 53' W. Lat 43°
41' N.
Pegnitz, r. Bavaria, which joins the Rednitz at
Furth, where the united streara lakea the narae of
Regnitz, Pegnitz, t. Bavarian stales, 28 m, N, N. E, Nu-
reraburg. Pop, 900.
Pegnon de Vekz, fort on N. cosiat of Morocco, 40
ra. E. Geraera, 68 W, MeUlla,
Pego, t. Spain, in Valencia, 41 ra. S. by E. .Va
lencia, and 12 W. Denia. Pop. 5,000.
Pegan, small isl, in the river Caya, on the S,W.
boundarybetween Spain and Portugal, 4 m, from
Badajoz, Pegu, forraerly a kingdom of Aaia, but now a
province of the Birman empire. It is bounded N.
by Arracan and Ava, E, by Siam, S. by Siam srad
the sea, and W. by the bay of Bengal. It contains
several ranges of mountains, but, generally speak
ing, is level and fertile. Its chief produce is rice.
The principal ports are Siriam, NegrEiis, and Ran
goon; but since the conquest of tile country by
the Birraans, the latter ia the only one open to Eu
ropeana. The teguera are, generally apeaking,
idolatera of the sect of Boodh.
Pegu, a very ancient city, and formerly capital
of tfae above kingdom. It was a fortified town, and
was auppoaed to contain 150,000 inhabitanta. The
deatruction of thia city was caused by ils capture
in 1757, by the Birman emperor Alompra, who
caused parta of the walla lo be levelled, deatroyed
the houaes, and dispersed, or led into captivity all
the inhabitants. .The raagnificent temple of Shoe-.
madoo, however, stfll exists as a monuraent ofthe
greatness and devotion of ila ancient raonarchs.
It ia in a plain, on the E. bank of Setang river, in
lon. 96° 12' E. lat 17° 40' N.
Pegunnock, i. New Jersey, a N. W. brsiuch of
the Passsiic. .
Pegypscol. See Pejepscot.
Peiho, r. China, which runs into the Yellow sea,
in lat 39" 3' N. The country through which it
flows is a dead flat, aud the tide is fell for 400 railes
up. Peila, r. Prussian slates, which falls into the
Weisfrilz, above Schweidnitz.
Peilau, V. Prussian statea, 3 ra, S. E, Rcichen-
bach, Pop,i,700,
Peina, t, Hanover, on the river Fuse, 20 m, E,
Hanover, Pop, 3,000,
Peinghee, t. Birraan erapire, on the Irrawuddy
river. At this place ships of 400 tona burden have
been built, al the distance of 200 miles from the
sea, Lon, 95"5ffE, Lat 1 8° 31' N.
Peipus, Lake of, or Tschudkoe Osero, lake, Eu,
Russia, about 50 rafles long, and 35 broad. It
comraunicates by a atrait with the lake of Pskov,
and with the gulf of Finland, by the river Na
rova, Peirah, t. Malacca, on the W, coast, 100 m, N,
W, Malacca, Lat 3° 4ff N.
Peisem, or Pyzdry, t. Prussian Poland, on the
Wartha, 35 m, E, S.'E, Posen. Ppp, 2,100,
Peits, t Pruaaia, 33 ra, S, by W, Frankfort oe
the Oder, 20 E, S. E. Lubben- Pop, 1,400,

.^68

P E K

Pejepscot, p-t, Cumberland co, Maine, onthe
Androscoggin, 30, m, N. Portland, 140 N, N, E,
Boston, Pop", 805,
Pekiangho, r, China, in Quangtong, which rises
on the S, aide of the great range of mountaina
which dividea it frora the province of Kingsee, It
forms part of the great navigable coramunication
between Peking and Canton,
Peking, or Pekin, a great city of Aaia, capital of
the erapire of China, It ia divided into the Chi
neae and Tartar cities. The Tartar city forms
properly the main body of Peking, being surround
ed by the principal wall, whicli inclosea an area
of fourteen square miles. The Chineae city has
a wall of ita own, which incloaea an area of about
nine aquare milea. The suburbs are alao very
large. According to tfae beat official information
wfaich lord Macartney could procure, Peking con
taina a population of three miUiona.
Peking, Uke raost other Chinese cities, ia laid
out by the aquare and line. A street four milea
long and 120 feet broad, reaches from one gate to
the other, and ia croaaed by another of similar
lengtfa and bread th. The otfaer streets are narrow,
and many of thera can only be considered as lanes.
They are all unpaved, and covered with sand smd
dust; but they are kept very clean, and frequently
watered. The principsd streets consist almost en
tirely of rows of shops, which are painted, gilded,
and adorned with much magnificence. Sky blue
and green mixed with gold, are the prevailing
colours upon the walls. The regular form of the
streets, tfae flat roofs, and the various ensigns with
which they are decorated, give Peking very much
tfae appearance of a large encampment. The
streets are peculiEu'ly crowded, in conaequence of
the number of trades that are carried on in the
open air. The numeroua moveable workshops
of tinkers and barbers, coblers and blacksmiths ;
the tents and booths whete tea, fruit, rice, and
other eatables, are exposed to sale ; the wares and
merchandize arrayed before the doors ; the troopa
-of dromedaries, laden with coala frora Tartary;
the wheel-barrowa and hand-carls stuffed witfa
vegetables, leave only a very narrow apace unoc
cupied. Peking, according to Chineae ideas, ia strongly
fortified. It is surrounded with walls about thirty
feet high, and 25 feet thick at their base ; but the
breadth on the top, within tfae parapeta, doea not
exceed 12 feet ; ao that il has a considerable slope,
eapecially on the inaide, and riaea by atages like
the pyraraids. II is aurrounded with a ditch, srad
defended by square towera, placed al the interval
of 70 yards, whicfa ia reckoned a bowshot Each
tower projects about 40 feet frora the line of the
wall, and haa a amall guard-houae on ila summit
The body ofthe wall is composed ofthe earth dug
up from the ditch ; but it is faced on each side
witfa a mixture of brick and stone.
The imperial palace is an inclosure within the
the city, formed by what is called the Yellow
Wall. 'The space contained within it, about a
mile in length, and three-fourths of a mile in
breadth, is artifioiaUy forraed into an irailalion of
rude and romantic nature. The edifices destined
for the accomraodation of the eraperor, are placed
on hills of different height ; while the loftiest aura-
mils are crowned with pavilions, kiosks, and other
buildings, destined for pleasure and refreshment.
The imperial palace of 'feuen-raien, situated with
out the city, presents the sarae acene on a mucfa
more extended acale. The grounds here are at

PEL
least 10 mfles in diameter, and comprise an extent
of about 60,000 EngUsh acres. Lon. 116° 28' E,
Lat, 39° Sff N,
Pelagosa, isl, of the Adriatic, W, of Ragusa, 16 '
ra. S. W. Agosta, Lon, 16° Iff E, Lat 42° 45' R.
Petoigfee, t Hind, in Agra, Lon, 78° ffE, Lat
25" 21' N,
Pelauda, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, Lon, 76° 45' E.
Lat 26° Sff N,
Pekuda, small ial, of the Grecian archipelago,
about 9 m, S, E, Athena, 12 W, by S, Cape Co
lonna, Pe/ee, amall isl, on the N, coast of France, near
Cherbourg, Pekgrino, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon, 162°
W, Lat 14° S,
Pekgrino, Cope, cape on the W, coast of the
island of Leaina, in the Adriatic. Lon. 16° 26' E.
Lat. 43° 4ff N.
Pelew Islands, or Polaos, a cluster of ialanda in
the W. part ofthe Pacific ocean, between the Phi
lippine and Caroline islands. In 1783, captain
Wilson, commander of the Antelope packet, in the
aervice of the East India compsray, was wrecked
on this cosiat. The inhabitants had been repre
sented as inhuman and savage, but captain Wil
son found thera hospitable, friendly, and humane.
The islands are circled on the W. side by a reef of
coral, which, in sorae ptaces, extenda five or six
leaguea from the shore. None of Uie ialands the
English visited had any kind of grain, nor any
quadruped whatever, except sorae brownish grey
rats, which ran wild in the woods, srad three or
four meagre cats. Ysims and cocoa-nuts are the
chief articles of austensmce. The islands, when
viewed from tfae aesi, exhibit high rugged land,
well covered with wood ; the interior picts sire in
raany placea raountainoua, but tfae valUes are ex
tensive and beautiful. The sofl is in general rich-
Lon. between 134° ff and 134° 40' E. Lat between
6° 64' and 8° 12' N.
Pdham, t Lincoln co. Up. Canada.
Pelhom, p-t Rockingham co. N. H. 40 m. S.S.
E. Concord. Pop. 998.
Pelhom, p-t Hsunpshfre co. Mass. 85 m. W. Bos
ton. Pop. 1,186.
Pelhom, t. Weatcheater CO. N. Y. on East river.
18 m. from New York. Pop. 267.
Pelican Island, sraall ial. Alabama, near the S-
coast, E. of Dauphin ialand.
Pelican Island, small isl. near the N. E. coast of
Antigua. Lon. 61° 24' W. Lat 17° 14' N.
Pelican Island, araall island near the S. W. coast
of Antigua. Lon. 61° 35' W. Lat 17° Iff N.
PeKcan -Key, Great, small isl. near the S. coast
•of Jaraaica. Lon. 76" 48' W. Lat 17° 49' N. Lit
tle PeUcan Key is N. of Great PeUcan.
Pdiconda, t. Hind, in the Circars. Lon. 84° 10'
E. Lat 18° 33'N.
Pelime, t. A, Russia, in Tobolsk, at the conflu
ence of the Pelirae with the Taudo, Lon, 63° Sff
E, Lat59°2ffN,
Peling, isl, in Uie Yellow sea, near the coast of
Corea, 10 railes long, and 4 broad, Lon, 124° 28'
E. Lat 38° 24' N,
Peling Isle, isl, in the Eastern seas, near the E,
coaat of Celebes, about 60 railes long, by 15 br(Sd.
Lon, 124° 2ff E, Lat 38" 24' N,
Pelion, now called Petras, a celebrated moun
tain of Greece, in Thessaly, S, of Ossa, on the
gulf of Volo,
PeUegrut, t. France, in Gironde, 12 m, N. N,E.
La Reole, and 30 E, Bourdeaux, Pop, 1,5Q0.

PEM
PeUerdi^ck, v. Netherlands, iu South Brabant,
3 m, E, Louvain.
Pellerin, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, on the
S. bank ofthe Loire, 17 m. E. by S. Paimboeuf, 11
W, Nantea, Pop, 1,500,
Pellew's, Sir Edward, Group, cluster of islanda
on the N, coaat of New Holland, and the W, afaore
of the gulf of CarpenlEiria, Lat of Cenfre island,
16° 39' S,
PeUeio, Cape, the- N, extreraity of North island,
in Sir Edward PeUew's group, Lon, 137" 2' E,
Lat 16° 304 S,
Pdlew Point, cape on the N.W, coast of Arae
rica, in Prince WiUiara's sound, Lon. 212° 57"
E, Lat 60° 61' N,
PeHissane, t France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
16 m, W, S. W. Aix. Pop. 2,600.
Pdlo, mounlEiin, Swediah Lapland. Lon. 23°
Sff 30" E. Lat 66° 4ff Iff N.
Pdlworm, amaU ial. in Denraark, on the W, cosist
of^ Sleswick, Area, 15 sq, miles. Pop. 3,000.
Peloponnesus. See Morea.
Pdoso, Cape, cape on the S, cosist of the island
of Zante, Lat 37° SO' N,
Pekacz, or Pleissnils, t. Hungary, 40 ra, S, by
W. Kesmark, 45 N. Erlau. Pop, 2,100. '
Pelugosa, sraall isl,,in tfae gulf of Venice, near
the coast of Italy, Lon, 1 8° 32' E. Lat 42° 2ff N,
Pelussin, t. France, in Loire, 6 m. S. W. Con
drieu, 14 E. St Etienne. Pop. 3,300.
Pemaquid, bay on the coast of Maine, containing
several smaU iatanda. Lon. 69° 30' W, Lat. 43°
45' N.
Pemaquid, Point, cape on the coEist of Maine.
Lon. 69° Sff W, Lat 43° 37' N,
Pemba, isl, near tfae E. coast of Africa, 14 leagues
long, Lon, 41° E. Lat 5° S,
Pemba, province of Congo, in W, Africa,
Pemba, t. Congo, cap, of tfae above province, 75
S. St. Salvador,
Pembertan, t Eng. in Lancasfaire, 3 ra, W. S,W,
Wigan. Pop. 2,934,
Pembroke, one of tfae soutfaem counties of Wales,
bounded E, by Caerraarthenshire, N. E. by Car
diganshire, N, and W. by the Irish sea, and S. by
the Briatol channel. Pop. in 1811, 60,615.
Pembroke, borough and t S. 'VValea, in Pera
broke CO, aituated on a aingular neck of land, di
viding the sraall eatuary of Down Pool, which
flowa from Milford Haven, It was anciently for
tified, and protected by a raoat magnificent caatle,
the vaat ruina of which atill give it an appear
ance of uncomraon grandeur, pop, 2,415, 30 ra.
W. S. W. Caermarthen, 237 W. Londou, Lon, 5°
W, Lat 51° 37' N.
Pembroke, p-t, Rockingham cd, N, H. on the E,
aide of the Merriraack, 6 ra. S, E, Concord, Pop.
1,163, It is connected witfa Concord bya bridge
over tfae Suncook. It contains 2 churches, and
many valuable mills,
Pembroke, t. Plyraouth co. Mass, 23 ra, S, S, E.
Boaton, Pop; 2,061,
Pembroke, p-t, Genesee co, N. Y. 25 m. E. Buf
falo. Pembroke, Cape, Hudson's bay. Lon. 82° 19' W.
Lat62°6KN. Pemgur, t. Hind, in Khandeish, on the S. bank
of the Nerbuddah river. Lon. 76° 36' E. Lat. 22°
2ff N.
Pemigewasset, r. N. H. the main branch of the
Merrimack. It riaea among the White Moun
taina, and after a S. courae of 70 milea, is joined
by the Winnipiseogee, at Ssinborntown.
72

PEN

569

Pemnagur, t Blind, in Bahar, Lon, 85° 43' E,
Lat 26" 29' N.
Penafiel, t. Portugal, in Enti-e Douro e Minho,
21 m, E, N, E, Oporto, Pop. 4,000, ¦:
Penafiel, t. Spain, in Valladolid, 36 m,E,S,E.
Valladolid, Pop, 3,600,
Penamacor, t. Portugal, in Beira, 30 m, E, N,
E, Caatel-Brauco, Pop. 2,600,
Penas, Punta de, cape, on the W, coast of the
isthmus of Darien, Lat. 7° 26' N.
Penautier Pegre, v. France, in Aude, 3 m, N,
W, Carcassone, Pop, 1,300,
Pendennis, peninsula, Eng, in Cornwall, at the
mouth of Falraouth harbor. On a rock here, ele
vated upwards of SIX) feet above the sea, stands
Pendennia caatle, whicfa completely comraands
the entrance to the harbor,
Pendiks, Punta de, cape, on the S. coast of
Cuba, Lon, 82" Iff W, Lat 21" 46' N,
Pendleton, v. Eng. in Lancashire, which, -with
in the last 3() or 40 years, haa becorae a large, pop
ulous, and thriving suburb of Manchester,
Pe^ndleton; t. Eng, in Lancaahire, 3 ra, S, S, E,
CUtheroe, Pop, 930,
Pendktan, co, in the central part of Virginia.
Pop, 4,239, Slaves, 262, Cfaief town, Franklin.
Pendkton, district, in the N, W, part of S, C,
on Keowee and Savannah river. Pop, 22,897, in
cluding 3,485 slavea. At tfae court-houae ia a
poat-office. Pendleton, co. in tfae N. part of Kentuclcy. Pop.
3,061, including 386 alavea. Chief town, Fal
mouth. Pendleton's creek, r. Geo. which runs intothe
Ohoopee, 4 or 5 ra. above Tatnall court-house.
Pene, Cape, the N. W. point of Sardinia, inthe
Mediterranean. Penella, t. Portugal, in Beira, 15 m. S. E. Co
imbra. Pop. 2,600.
Penes, Les, v. France, in Moulha-of-the-Rhone,
9 ra. N. W, Marsefllea. Pop, 1,000,
Penfield, t. Charlotte co. New Brunswick, on
the bay of Fundy,
- Penfield, p-t. Ontario co, N, Y, on lake Ontario,
20 ra, N, W, Csraandaigua,
Penguin Island, araall ial. near the Cape of
Good Hope, a little N, of Table Bay,
Penguin Island, ial, near the S. coast of New
foundland, Lon, 56° 4ff W, Lat 47° 22' N,
Penguin Island, small isl. near the coaat of New
Holland, at tfae entrance' into Adventure bay,
Lon, 147° 33' E, Lat 43° 21' N.
Peniche, t, Portugal, on a peninaula, 48 m, N.
N, W, Lisbon. Lon, 9° 2ff 56'' W, Lat 39° 21'
48" N, P6{* 2,800,
Peniel, or Penuel, in Sac, Geog, a place on the
E, side the Jordan, near the brook Jabbok,
Penigk,t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 10 m, W,N.
W, Chemnitz, 43 W, Dreaden, Pop, 3,000.
Peniscola, t Spain, on tfae coaat of Valencia, 30
m, S. Tortosa, 82 N, E, Vatenoia, Lon, 0° 2ff 30"
E, Lat 40° 22' 4ff' N, Pop. 2,200.
Penistone, t, Eng, in Yorksfaire, 14 m, N, W-
Sheflield, 178 N, by W, London, Fop. 615.
Penjsheher, t. Afghanistan, in Cabul. Lon. 68°
24' E. Lat 36° Iff N.
Penkridge, t. Eng. iu Staffordahire, 6 m. S. Staf
ford, 129 N. W. London. Pop. 923. .
Penkun, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania, 17 m,
S, S, W, Stettin. Pop. 1,100.,
Penmaen Mowr, mt. Wales, in Caernarvon co.
Penman Head, cape, Scotland, on the N, coEist
of Aberdeenshire, Lon,2°$)'W, Lat 57° 37' N.

570

PEN

Penn, t, Philadelphia co. Pa, Pop, 3,798,
Penn, East, t. Northampton co. Pa, Pop, 665,
Peen, West, t, Northampton co. Pa, Pop, 947,
Penn's creek, r. Pa, which runa into the Suaque
hannah, 4 m. below Sunbury,
-, foT''^'* '^^^ Lower, t. Salem co. N. J. Pop.
1,163.1 £0"'''' ^^^ Upper, t Salera co, N, j; Pop,
Penna di BiU, t. Italy, in the Statea of Uie
Church, 1 1 m. S, W, San Marino, It ia the aee of
a bishop, Pennaflar, t Spain, in Seville, on the Guadal
quivir, 41m. W, S, W. Cordova.
Pennagra, fort, India, Lon, 77° 5ff E, Lat, 12°
14 N,
Pennar, r. India, which falla into the bay of
^Bengal, in lon. 80" Iff E. lat, 14° 26' N,
Pennaronda, t Spain, in Segovia, 29 ra, E, S, E,
Salamanca, Pop. 3,200,
Pennatore, or Pondera, s-p, India, in Travan
core. Lon. 76" 5ff E, Lat 8° 25' N,
Penne, t. France, in Tarn, on the Aveyron, 22
m.W, byN, Albi, Pop, 2,000.
PmnemorC, v. France, in Finisterre, 20 m, S,
W, Quimper,
Pennes, t. France, in MouUia-of-lhe-Rhone, 9
m. N. W, Marseilles, 12 S, W, Aix. Pop. 900.
Pennington, t Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m, N, E,
by E, Newlon-in-Makerfield, Pop. 2, 124.
Pennington, or Pennytown, v, Hunterdon co.
N. J. 27 ra, N, E, by N, Philadelphia,
Pennsborough, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop, 728.
Pennsborough, t, Lycoming cer. Pa, on the E,
side of the Susquehannah,
Pennsborough, East, t Curaberland co. Pa, Pop,
2,366, Pennsbarougfi, West, t. Cumberland co. Pa,
Pop. 1,284.
Pennsburg, t. Bucka co. Fa. on a creek of the
Delaware. Pennsykania, one of the U. Slates, bounded N.
by New-York, E, by New-Jersey, S, E. by Dela
ware, S. by Maryland and Virginia, and W, by
part of Virginia and Ohio, It extends frora 39°
42' to 47° 17' N.lat and from 74" 32' lo 80° 27'
W, lon. Its greatest length frora E- to W. is 307
milea, and ita average breadth, 160, Extent,
46,000 aquare miles, or 29,440,000 acres. Pop,
in 1749, about 220,000 ; in 1790, 434,373 ; in
1800, 602,545; in 18)0, 810,091; in 1820,
1,046,844. Militia in 1821, 115,231,
,.The AUeghany mountains run across the State,
from S, W, to N, E, and tfaere are many smaller
ranges on^ each aide of the principal ridge, and
parallel witb it. These mountainous tracts cover
all the central parts ofthe Slate, In the S. E, and
N, W, the country ia either level or raoderately
hilly, A great portion of the State is good land,
and much of it excellent. The richest tract is in
the S, E. on both sides ofthe Susquehannah, This
part of the State has long been settled, and is fine
ly cultivated. The tract between Lake Erie and
Alleghany river has also a very auperior aoil, but
is as yet very thinly inhabited, 'Wfaeat is by far
the most important agricultural product and
grows here to great perfection. The next in val
ue ia Indian corn. Rye, barley, buck- wheat, oats,
hemp, and flax, are alsb extensively cultivated.
The most important mineral is coal, which is
found in abundance in the western part of the
State, The country arouud Pittsburg is one groat

PEN
bed of coeU, and the hills within sight of the town
are fuU otthat mineral. Iron ore alao abounds in
the same vicinity, and in other placea.
The inhabitanta are of several different nations.
About one half are of English- origin; one fourth,
Gerraan ; and an eighth, Irish, The remainder
are Scotch, Welsh, Swedes, and Dutch, The
language commonly spoken ia the English, But
the Germans, Dutch, and Irish, retain their own
language, and raany of them cannot speak English,'
Out of 84 newspapers published in thia State, 15
su-e in the German language. There are many
different denominations of Chriatians in Pennsyl
vania. A few yeara since, the Presbyterians,
German Calyinists, German Lutherana, Friends,
and Baptiats, had each nearly 100 congregations,
Beaidea these, there are Methodiats, Episcopalians,
Scotch Preabyteriana, Moraviana, &c.
The great mass of the population ia in the aouth,
particularly in the S, E, near the banks of the
Suaquehannah and Delaware rivers. The north
ern faalf of the State, in 1810, did not contain
one-eighth part of the population. The popula
tion increases with considerable rapidity, though
not so fast sis in the western States,
The legislative power is vested in a aenate and
house of representatives. The number of sena
tors cannot be less than one-fourth, nor greater
than one-third of the number of representatives.
They hold their otfices 4 yesurs, and one-fourth af
them are elected each year, 'The nuraber of rep
resentatives CEinnot be lesa than 60, nor raore than
100, and they are cfaosen annuaUy, The governor
is elected for 3 years ; but is not eligible raore than
9 out of any 12 years. The elections sire made
on tfae 2d 'Tuesday in October, and the legiala
ture meets in December,
The principal literary institutions are the Uni
versity of PennsylvEinia, in PhUadelphia ; Jefferr
aon college, at Canonaburg ; Washington coUege,
at Waahington ; and AUeghany college, al Mead
ville, Dickinson ceUege, forraerly % flourishing
institution, al Carlisle, and Frsmklin college, at
Lancaster, are not now in operation. The Mo-
ravisms have flouriahing achoola sit Bethlehem and
Nazareth, in the eastern part of the State, Pro
vision has been raade by the legialature for estab
lishing an acaderay in every county,
Tfaere are good turnpike roads leading from
Philadelphia, in various directions. The principal
is frora Philadelphia, through Lancaster, to Pitts
burg, A diagonal road across the State, from Phil
adelphia to the towu of Erie on lake Erie, ia con
siderably advanced, and a road frora Philadelphia
through the eastern countiea towards Sacket'a har
bor, on lake Ontario, ia executed to the line of New
York. These are in fact, raiUtary roads, the im
portance of whicfa may be felt iu future wara.—
The legislature have recently appropriated a large
sum to the improvement of inlaud navigation.
In vsdue and variety of manufactures, this is
the first State in the Union. The value in 1810,
was $33,691,111. Pennsylvania is weU situated
for a manufe-cturing State. Her nuraerous rivers
abound with fine raill-seats, sind the western parts
of the State furniah inexhauatible atorea of fuel
for steara-enginea. In 1816, there were more than
5,000 improved mill-seats in this State,
Most of the foreign goods consumed in this
State, Delaware, and the western part of New
Jersey, are imported at Philadelphia, Goods to
a large amount are also tranaported, in ^vaggons,

PEN

PER

571

from Philadelphia to Pittaburg, and thence dis
tributed througfa the western country. It ia cora
puted that 10 waggona, on an average, leave Phil-
Wdphia every day for Pittsburg, loaded with
Bjferchandize, aud the annual value of the raer-
chandize thus transported, is estiraated at
|18,000,000, In 1815, the araount of revenue
paid by thia State into the Nationsd Treasury, was
$7,142,333, sm araount greater than that of any
State, except New York, In araount of shipping,
Pennsylvania is the fifth State in the Union; the
number of tons in 1816, was 102,474, The value
of exports from this State in 1820, was $5,743,549,
of which $2,794,670 was foreign produce,
Pennyeidk, v. Scotiand, 9i m, S, W. Edinburgh,
Pop, 500.
.Peno, t. Pike co. Misaouri,
Penobscot, co. Maine, on both aidea of Penob
scot river, bounded E. by Washington co. S. by
Hancock co. Emd W. by Kennebeck and Somerset
countiea. Pop. 7,471. Chief town, Bangor.
Penobscot, s-p. and p-t. Hancock co. Msune, on
the E. side of Penobscot bay, 10 ra. N. Caatine,
240 N. E. Boaton. It ia a place of conaiderable
trade, aud poaseased in 1816, above 24,044 tons of
shipping. Lat. 44" 27' N.
Penobscot, tfae largest river in Maine, has two
principal branches. The western and longest
branch rises west of Moosehead lake, iu the high
lands which sepsirate Maine frora Csrasida, smd
flowing east through Chesuncook lake, unites
with the eastem branch, about 60 milea north of
Bangor- After the junction, the river flows south,
and faUs into the head of Penobscot bay. It is
navigable for aea vessels to Bangor, SO milea
from Owl'a head, at the entrance of the bay.
Penobscot Bay, a apacious bay on the coaat of
Msiine, at the mouth of Penobscot river, contsiin-
ii^ numerous islands and many fine harbors.
¦ PenpaUl, s-p. France, in Finisterre. It serves
as the harbor of St Pol.
Penrith, t Eng. in Cumberland co. 18 ra. S.
CarlUe, 220 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2" 4ff W.
Lat 54° 40' N. Pop. 5,000.
Penryn, t Eng. in Cornwall, at the head of a
creek which runs into Falraouth harbor, 2 ra. N.
W, Falmouth, 260 W, S, W. London, Lon, 5° 5'
W, Lat. 50" Iff N, Pop, 2,713,
Pensa, a govemment of Eu, Russia, between
Niznei-Novgorod and Saratov. Area, 16,500 sq,
mfles. Pop, nearly 800,000, It Ues between 53"
aud 54° N, lat ; its cliraate is raild, smd tfae soil tol
erably fertile.
Pensa, the capital of the above government, ia
at the confluence of the Peuaa and Sura, 460 m,
S, E. Moacow, Lon, 45° Sff E, Lat, S3" Sff N,
¦ Pop, 10,000.
Pensacola, a-p, Florida, on the W.side of Pen
sacola bay, 9 m, above the fort at its entrance, 50
E. S, E. Mobile, It atands on a dry, aandy plain,
elevated 18 or 20 feet above the level of the wa
ter, and ia represented to be perfectly healthy at
all seasons of the year. The population in 1819,
was about 2,000, principally Spanish, Many of
the houses and public structures are spacious and
elegant, but wear the appearance of decay. Since
the cession of Florida to tfae U, States, emigrants
from various parts of the Union have reaorted to
thia plaoe in great numbers, with the expectation
that ita fine bay, and other natural advantages,
wiU render it a place of great trade, Lat, 30°
25' N. Lon. 87° W,
J'ensacola bay is 15 raUes long, and from 3J to

6| broad, at the mouths of Escambia and Almi
rante rivers. It is completely landlocked, so that
vessela are perfectly asife from every wind. The
water ia sEud to be sufliciently deep for vessels of
the largest class. The bar at the mouth has four
fathoma of water over it A fortification on Rose
ialand, and anolher on the main, opposite to it,
would effectually defend the entrance. On the
banks of the two rivers, which run into the bay,
there are said lo be large quantities of live oak.
This bay is of more importance, as it is the only
commodious and aafe harbor for large afaips, be
longing to the U, Stales, in the gulf of Mexico,
Pensford, t, Eng, in Soraerset, 116 m, W, Lon
don, Pop, 296,
Pentecaste, or Whitsunday Island, small ial, in
the Pacific, one of the New Hebrides,
Pentecose, i , Canada, which runa into the river
St, Lawrence, in lon, 66° 4ff W, lat 49° 45' N,
Penthievre, Fort, France, in Morbihan, 16 m,
S, E, Lorient,
Penthir Zointe de, cape, on the N, W, coast of
France, . Lon,~4° 32' W. Lat, 48° Iff N,
Pentima, t, Naples, in Abruzzo Citra, 5 ra, N,
W, Sulmona, 21 E, Alba,
Pentland Frith, atrait, which aeparates the
mainland of Scotland frora the Orkney islea. It
ia only 12 rafles over, but in it tfae aea runs with
impetuous force by the meetings of raany tides,
Thia dangeroua atrait is the great thoroughfare
from the eastern to the weatern coasta of tfae king
dom, and ia tfae terror of the boldest sEiilors, and
the grave of thousands,
Pentland Skerries, small islanda at the E, end of
the Pentland frith, on the largeat of wfaich ia a
Ught-house, 4 m, N, E, Duncausby-head, Lou.
2°4ffW. Lat 58° SffN.
Pentraeth, t Wales, in Anglesey, 6 m. fr. Beau
maris. Pop, 645.
' Penucanda, or Bikanda, t and fort, India, in
Mysore, Lon. 77° 40' E. Lat 14° 1' N.
Penzance, t. Eng, in Cornwall, on the N. W. side
of Mounts bay, remarkable for the mildness and
salubrity of the air. Till of late, tfae town was
noted for amuggling. Pop. 4,022. 11 m. N. E. of
the Land's End, 37 S. W, Truro, 282 W. S. W.
London. Lon. 5° 32' W, Lat. 50" 7' N .
Reusing, v. Austria, W, of Viennsi, Pop, 3,300.
Penzlin, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Scfawe-
rin, 10 ra, N, New Strelitz. Pop. 1,600,
Pcperi, sraall isl, on the N, E, coast of Greece,
at the entrance of the gulf of Salonica, opposite
to the peninsula of Volo, 18 m, E, by N, Scopelos.
Pepin Lake, U, S, an expansion of the river
Mississippi, W61ow St, Anthony's falls. Lon, 92°
4ff W. Lat 43° Sff N. '
Peplttwd, t. Hind, in Khandeish, Lon, 76° 45' E.
Lat, 21° 42' N,
Pepong, 2 sraall islands near the coast of China.
Lon. 107° E. Lat, 23° 22' N.
Pepper Bay, bay on the W. coast of Java, 30 m.
S, S. W, Bantam, Lon, 105° 4ff E. Lat 6° 24' S,
Pepperell, t, Middlesex co, Masa, 39 ra, N, W,
Boston, Pop, 1,333,
Pepy's Islands. See Falkland Isles.
-Pequannack, t. Morris co, N, J, bordering on
Bergen county. Pop, 3,863,
Pequannack, r. Fairfield co, Ct, which flows into
Long laland Sound, 6 m, S, W, Stratford river,
Peqvigny, t, France, on tfae Somrae, 9 m, W,
Araiena, 20 S. E, Abbeville, Pop, 1,300,
Pera, or Pulo Pera, amall isl, in the Eaatera

572

PER

seas, at the entrance of the st*aila of Malacca.
Lon, 98° 36' E. Lat. 6° 54' N.
Perai Cope, onthe E. coastof the island of Ma
jorca. Lon. 3° 31' 40"" E. Lat 39° 42' 12" N.
Pera Head, cape. New Holland, in the gulf of
Carpentaria, Lon, 141° 40' E, Latl2"58i'S.
Peracora, v. Greece, 10 m, N,»N, E. Corinth.
Peralado, t Spain, in Catalonia, on the Llo
bregat, 9 m, W, Rosas, Pop, 2,300,
•Feralta, t. Spain, iu Navarre, 11 m. S, W, OUte,
Lon, I''4ff W, Lat 42° 26' N,
Perambaucam, t. Indisi, in the fcamatic, on the
S, side of Coortelair river, 14 m, N, E, Conje-
veram, Perames, t, Bergen co, N, J, 21 m. N, N, W,
New York,
Perasio, t. Auatrian Dalmatia, 8 m, N, Cattaro,
Pop, 2,800,
Perault, v. France, in Herault, 3 ra. S. E. Mont
peUer. Perce, iraall v. Canada, in the district of Gaspe,
at the S. point of Malbay, containing 26 or SO
houaea, principally inhabited by fishermen.
Percee Isk, small isl. Lower Canada, on the W.
aide of the gulf of St. Lawrence, 16 m. S. Cape
Gaspe. PercevaU's, p-v. Brunswick co. Va.
Perche, Le, forraerly a province of France,
now included in the departmenta of the Orne,
and Eure-and-Loir.
Perche, or Cal de la Perche, a mountain pass,
leading from RouaaiUon to Cerdagne, in Catalo-
. nia, and guarded on tfae French aide by a fort
called Mont Louis. It is in the department of tfae
Eastern Pyrenees.
Perdpany. See Parcipany.
Percy, t. France, in La Manche, 15 m. S. St
Lo, 16 N. Avranches. Pop. 2,900.
Percy, t IVorthumberland co. Up, Canada, on
the river Trent,
Percy Isles, a chain of islands in the Pacific
ocean, near the N, E, coastof New Holland, about
30 ra, frora the mainland, and extending from
21° 32' to 21° 45' S, lat The largest ia about
13 milea in cfrcuit,
Perdama, r. Quito, which enters the gulf of
Guyaquil, in lat 3° S,
Perdido, r. which separatea Florida from Ala
bama, It runa S, and forma a conaiderable bay,
wfaich communicatea with the gulf of Mexico, 30
m. E, Mobile point, in lon. 87° 15' W.
Perea, small isl, near the coast of Brazil, Lon,
45° 2' W, Lat 2° 22' S.
Perebera, r. New Granada, which runs into the
Carribean sea, in lat 11" 16' N,
Pd'eeop, a very ancient fortress in Eu, Russia,
on the isthmus which joins tfae peninsula of tfae
Crimea to the continent. The town has only 1,200
inhabitants, ,Large quantities of salt are found in
the vicinity, 67 m, N, by W, Akhmetschet, Lon,
33° 42'E, Lat 46° 9' N,
Perejaslavl, t, Eu. Russia, in Pultava, 55 m, S,
S. E, Kiev, Pop. 6,000,
Perekmau, t. A, Ruaaia, in Irkoutak, on the
Amour, 56 ra, N, E, Stretensk,
Peremyschl, t. Eu, Russia, in Kaluga, on the
Oka, 16 m, S, S, W, Kaluga, Lon, 35° 44' E, Lat
54° 15' N, Pop, 1,400,
Perene, r. Peru, which rises about 40 m, N, of
Tarma, and after a S, E, course of above 100
mflea, joins the Xauxa, to form the Ene,
Peres, or Constantine Perez, ial, on the coaat of
ChiU, near the harbor of Valdivia,

PER
BeresUvl-Saleskoe, t . Eu, Russia, m Vladimir,
88 m. N,E, Moscow, Lon, 37° 37' 45" E, Lat
65" Iff 30" N, Pop. 4,000.
Perevokczna, t. Eu, Russia, in Ekaterinoslav,
on the Dnieper, 112 m. N, W, Ekaterinoalav,.
Pergamino, t. Buenos Ayres, 100 m. from the
city of Buenos Ayres, Lon. 60° 43' W. Lat 33°'
63' S.
Pergamo, t A, Turkey, about 16 m, up the
Gremalki, which falla into the gulf of Sandarie,
Lon. 27° E, Lat 39° 11' N,
Pergamos, in Sac, Geog, See Pergamo.
P'ergen, or Pergine, diatrict of the Austrian
states, in Tyrol, 6 m, E, Trent Pop, 7,000,
Pergola, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
32 m. W. Ancona, Pop. 3,000.
Perhuy, Pointe de, cape, on the W. coast of
France. Lon. 4° 33' W. Lat 48° 17' N.
Periac, t France, in Aude, 6 m. S. W. Nar
bonne. Periapatam, t India, in Mysore. Lon. 76° 25'
E. Lat 12" 21' N.
Perico, 3 amaU ialands in the gulf of Pansuna,
2 leagues S. of tfae city of Panama, in lat 8° Sff N.
Perigord, formerly a province in the S, W, of
France, now forming the department of the Dor
dogne, Perigueux, t France, cap, of Dordogne, on the
nie, 65 m, S, W, Limoges, 70 N. E, Bourdeaux.
Lon, 0° 43' E. Lat 46° 1 1' N. Pop. 6,200.
Perim, smaU ial, in the straits of Babel Mandeb,
4 ra, fr. the coast of Africa. Lon. 43° 60' E. Lat
12° 36' N.
Perinaldo, t. Piedmont, 18 m. E. N. E. Nice,
Pop, 1,300,
Perinda, t Hind, in Dowlatabad. Lon. 76° Sff
E. Lat 18° S3' N.
Peringary, t India, in Madura. Lon. 78° 4ff
E. Lat, 9° Sff N,
Perkins, p-t Huron co. Ohio, in which ia San
dusky, Perkinsanville, p-v. AmeUa co. Va.
Perkiomen, r. Montgomery co. Pa. which runs
into the SchuylkUl, 10 m, above Norristown,
Periafc, t Hungary, 12 m. E- Waraadin, Lon,
16° 35' 15" E, Lat, 46° 20^ 4ff' N-
Perlas. See Pearl Islands.
Perkberg, t, Prussian slates, in Brandenburg,
62 m, N, W, Berlin, 76 S. E, Hamburgh, Pop.
3,000. Perm, a government of Russia, bounded W, hy
Viatka, and E. by Tobolsk, extending from 56° to
62° N, lat. Area, 116,000 square miles. Pop.
1,100,000, It is in general a hUly country, cov
ered with vast and impeneti-'able forests. The an-
nusd export of metal is computed at 2,000 tons of
copper, and 70,000 tons of iron. In religion, the
inhabitants are partiy Chriatians, partly Mahom
etans, and in no inconsiderable degree Pagans.
Penn, chief place ofthe preceding government,
is on the river Kama, 910 m, E, by S, St Peters
burg, 720 E. N, E, Moscow, Lon, 56° 26' E, Lat
68° 1' N, Pop, 3,800,
Permacoil, t. India, in the Camatic, Lon, 79^
62'E, Latl2°13'N,
Permera Rocks, rocka in the Eastem Indian sea,
near tfae coaat of Canara, 20 m, N, Mangalore.
Lat 13° 10' N,
Pemalla, t. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon, 72° 53' E,
Lat, 20° Sff N,
Pernambuco, a province of Brazil, bounded N,
and E, by the AUantic ocean, south by Bahia, and
E,-by the deaert territory. It is about 470 miles

PER
from N, to S, and about 370 frora E, to W, It
abounds in sugar-cane, cotton- and Brazil wood.
Pop, 1,100,000.
Pemomfruco, or Sl. Antonio do Recife, t. Brazfl,
and cap, of the province of the sarae narae, is aitu- .
ated at the raoutfa ofthe river Bibiribe and Capi-
'•^aribe, and consists of three divisions, Recife, St,
Antonio, and Boa Vista, connected together by
bridgea. The division of Recife is nearest the aea,
on a long narrowneck of land. The harbour ia/orra-
ed by a reef of rocks which run parallel with the
town, at a very sraall distance. The lower har
bour, for vessela of 400 tona and upwards, is very
dangeroua, aa it is open to the sea ; and the beach
opposite to it is very steep. The port has two en
trances, defended by two stone forts, Pernambu
co ia a thriving place ; and since the porta of Bra
zfl were thrown open to foreign commerce, it ia
daily increasing in opulence smd importance. Pop.
32,000, Pemau, or Pema-Lin, t, Eu, Ruasia, in Livo
nia, on the gulf of Riga, 105 m, N, by E, Riga, 76
S, by W, Revel. Pop, 2,200,
Femes, t. France, in Vaucluse, 4 m. S. Carpen
tras, 14 E, N. E, Avignon, Pop, 3,500,
Pernicious IslarMs, cluater of islands in the Pa
cific ocean, aboutlS miles in circumference, Lon,
140° 45' W, Lat 16° S,
Pemo, t Eu, Ruiaia, in Finland, on the gulf of
Finlsuid, 8 ra. W, Loviasi, 35 W, Fredericaham,
Lon, 16° 4' E. Lat 60° 26' N,
Perots, Etang de, bay on the S, coast of France,
in Herault, Lon, 4° 2' E, Lat 43° 32' N,
Peronne, t. France, in Somme, on tfae rigfat bank
ofthe Somme. It ia a place of atrength, both from
ita situation and its fortifications. On the 26th
June 1815, itwas storraed by a body of Britiafa. 30
m. S. W. Cambray, 28 E. Araiens, Lon. 2° 56' E,
Lat 49° 5ff N. Pop. 3,700,
Peros Banhos, sraall ialands in the Eastern seas,
Lon, 72" Iff E. Lat 5° 30' S,
Perasa, La, t Piedraont, 8 ra, N, W, Pinerolo,
24W.S, W.Turin. Pop. 2,300.
Perote, t Mexico, in Vera Cruz, about 60 railes
from the E, coast The fortress of San Carlos is
to the N, of tfae town. The Coffre de Perote to
the S. E. is of great heigfat, and serves, along with
the volcano of Oriaba, as a Ismdmark to make the
port of Vera Cruz.
Perauges, t France, in Ain, 22 m. S. Bourg,
Perpetua, Cape, cape ou the N, W, coast of
America, Lon, 235" 52' E, Lat 44" 6' N,
Perpignan, t. France, in Eastern Pyreneea, on
the river Tel. It is a place of great strength, aud
accounted one ofthe keys of the kingdom on the
aide of Spain. Its -irade consists in com, wine,
wool, and iron. 38 m. S. Narbonne, 110 S. W.
MontpeUer. Lon. 2° 54' E. Lat 42° 4^ N. Pop.
12,000. PergaimeTis, co. in the E. part of N, C, Pop,
6,052, including 2,017 slaves. Chief town, Hert
ford, •
Perrecy. See Percey,
' Perrew.x, t, France, in Lofre, 3 m, E, Roannes,
7 m, S, Charlieu sur Loire, Pop, 2,600,
Perriersft. France, in La Manche, 8 m, N, Cou
tances. Pop, 2,500.
Perrington, p-t, Ontario co, N, Y, on the Erie
canal, Perrasguirec, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 6 m,
N, Lannion, 40 N. W. St. Brieux. Pop, 1,500,
Perry, t, Waahington co, Maine, on Paassuna-
quoddy bay, 25 m, N. E, Machiaa.

PER

573

Perry, p-t, Geneaee co, (N, Y,) S, of Batavia,
Perry, co, Alabama,
Perryi co. Ken, formed in 1820 frora Clay and
Floyd countiea.
Perry, co, Ohio, formed in 1818, Chieftown,
Soraeraet, Perry, t, Geauga ccjOhio, on Lake Erie, be
tween Painesville and Madison,
Perry, t. Stark co, Ofaio, Pop, in 1819, 580,
Perry, t, Wayne co, Ohio, 12 m, N. W, Woos»
ter. Pop, in 1819, 415.
Perry, t Muskingura co, Ohio, 6 ra, E, Zanes
ville, Perry, t Gallia co, Ohio, 10 m, W, Gallipolia,
Perry, t. Brown co, Ohio,
Perry, t. Fsurfield co. Ohio, 14 m. S. Lancaster.
Perry, co. Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop, in 1816,
3,000, Chieftown, Troy,
Perryopalis, p-t, Fayette ,co. Pa, on the Yiohiog-
any, A newspaper is printed here, '*
Perrysburg, i. Wood co, Ohio, at the lower rap
ids ofthe Maumee, 18m, above its mouth, 36 W,
Croghansville, 140 N. W. Columbus,
Perrysville, p-v, Hunterdon co, N. J,
Perrysvilk, v. Alleghany co. Pa, 7 m, from Pitts
burg, Perrysville, p-t. Mercer co. Ken,
PerrysviUe, t Richland co, Ofaio, on an eastem
fork of Mofaiccon creek,
Perrys'Vilk, t. and cap. Bond co. IlUnois, on the
Kaskaskia, 60 ra. E. by N, St, Louis,
Persah, t. Hind, in Bahar, Lon, 84° 4ff E, Lat,
27° Iff N,
Persaim, or Bossein, t. Birman empire, in Pe-
gue,on tfae Irrawuddy,here called the Persaim riv
er, and capable of admitting ahips up to the towu,
Lon. 96°E,Lat.I6°6ff N,
Persante, or Psdnte, r. Pruasia, in Pomerania,
which falls into the Baltic, a littl^ below Col
berg. Persaumo,t. Hind, in Bahar, Lom 86° 32' E,
Lat 26° 1' N,
Perse, or Prese, r. Eu. Russia, which falls into
the Dwinsi, near Rockenhausen.
Persepolis, Ruins af. Tfae remains of thisan-
cientcapital of Persia are 30 m. N. N, E, Schiras.
TfaeUiajestic ruiiis which diatinguiafa this site ap
pear to be solely those of the great palace of Da
rius, which was set fire to by Alexander, in a fit
of frenzy. This superb edifice faas the walls '
of tfaree of its sides still standing. The front ex
tends 600 paces froni N. to S, while the side reach
ing from E, to W, extends 390 paces. The col
umns, staircases, iniages, andrelieyoa are exceed
ingly magnificent.
Perserin, or Prisrendi, t. Eu. Tui-key, in Ro
mania, 45 m, E. by N, Scutari, 108 N. joannina.
Pop, 16,000.
Pershore, I, Eng, in Worcester co, once famed
forits abbey, is on the N,bank of the Avon, 9 tn.
E. S, E, Worcester, 102 W. N. W, -London, Lon.
2° 4' W. Lat 52° 7' N. Pop. 1,500.
Persia, an extensive empire of Asia, whose lim
its have heen very varioualy defined. The region
which aeeras to be most properly conaidered as
Peraia, is bounded W. hy the Euphrates and Ti
gris, with the raountains of Arraenia and Koordis
tan ; N. by the Caapian and the raountains of Cau
casus ; S. by the Persian gulf; E. by a Vast sandy
and saline deaert, which partly extends as far as
thelndua, nartly rises into the lofty mountain rp-,
gions of Hindoo Coosh and Parapomiaus. ' It has
beeu usual to extend P^-aia as faf as the Indus ;

574

PER

but the mountainous countries of CabUland Can
dahar have been long entirely independent of her.
The aouthern sandy deaf*ta of Mekran and Beloo-
chiatan are still more universally included in our
mapa of Persia ; a division, however, which seema
to be made with little propriety.
The loftiest raountains of Persia are on its bor
ders. The raost remarkaras is the iramense chain
of Caucasus, which filla the interval between the
Black sea and the Caspian. Southwards from thia
branch spread the mountaina Of Arraenia and
Koordistan, These ttiountains, which are very
lofty, forra the frontier between the Persian and
Turkish empires. From the higheat part of them,
a great chain, under the name of Elwand or El
bruz, makea a circuit round the southern shore of
the Caspian, leaving between itself and that sea a
very fertile plain. It ia continued along the aouth
ern frontier of Khorassan, and is supposed lo unite
with the mountain^ of Parapomisua, and through
them, with the Hindoo Coosh and Hiramaleh,
Chaina of inferior height traverse the southern
provinces of Khusistan and Farsistan, The inte
rior of Peraia conaiats of an immense, dry, salt
plain. It is traversed, however, by many moun
tains, either independent, or connected with tfae
great frontier chains, the streams descending from
which are usually lost in the sands, or formed into
lakes. Theae sfrearas produce, however, all the fer
tility which tfae empire can boasj ; aud when they
are abundant, render the plains through which they
flow, beautiful and luxuriant in an exfraordinsiry
degree. That of Schiras is considered the boast
of^ersia. The provinces on the Caspian, water
ed frora the great chaina of Caucasus and Elbruz,
are of very remarkable fertility, Tfae principal
cultivated productiona are the vine, the mulber
ry, and fruits of various kinda, A vast extent of
the empire, however, is abandoned to pasture, and
tenanted by wandicruig shepherds, like those of
Tartary and Arabia. The go'vemment of Persia
is in its principle entirely absolute. The reign
ing king haa alwa3ra been judged the vicegerent of
the pi-ophet, and entitled to the raost iraplicit obe
dience. No raonarch faas ever ruled with raore
arbitrary sway than he who now fills the throne.
He is absolute raaster of the lives and properties
of his subjects. The wandering tribes, however,
are ruled by their own khana, Who carry on all
the internal administration, 'and merely pay mili
tary service wfaen required. The miUtary force
of the Persian empire, it is said, may by a great
effort, be raised to 150,000, 01- 200,000 men. It
consists entirely of cavalry, and receives no regu
lar pay. The Persians are the most polite nation
in the east. They arc also the raoat learned ; po
etry and the aciences may even be conaidered as
tlieir -ruling passion. The Whole Persian nation
are now Mahometans, of the sect of Sunnites, or
of the followers of Ali, Who, on that ground are
viewed by the Turka with still greater abhorrence
than even Christians, The Persians themselves
are uot an intolerant people ; they listen without
anger to the profcaaions-br argumcnta of those who
hold a different belief, and do not allow this cir
cumstance to cause any interruption of social in
tercourse. The Persians, to a considerable ex
tent, are a manufacluring people. Those unri
valled carpets, to which we give tho name of
"Turkey, are wrought in Peraia, -Silk ia also a
.Sreit «taj)l«, citheBWy itself, or mixed with cotton
and wool ; and they excel particularly in brocade
and embroidery. All estimates of the population

PER
of Persia are founded on the moat vague 'conjec
ture, Persian Gulf, called alao the sea of Ommoli, an
extensive bay ofthe Indian ocean, which, stretch-
, ing in a W. N, W, direction, divides Persia from'
Arabia, It is about 600 mflea long,
. Persotem, or Pursatem, t. Hind, in Oriaaa, andk
cap. of a diatrict of the aame name. ^ ,
Pertagur, t. and fortreaa, Hind, in Allahabad,
Lon. 82" 23' E. Lat. 25° 58' N.
Perth, CO. Scotland, bounded E. by Forfar, S.
E, by the frith of Tay and the counties of Kinross
and Fife, S. by tfae Forth and the counties of Claok-
raannan and Stirling, S, W, by Dumbartonshire,
W, by Argyle, N, W. by Inverness, and N, by Ab
erdeen, Extent, 5,(X)0 aquare railes, or 4,068,640
acres. It contains 80 psu-ishes, 26,404 inhabited
houaea, and, in 1801, 136,366 infaabitants,
Perth, the capital ofthe above county, is,on the-
W, bank of the Tay, It has been the - acene
of many important transactions recorded in Scot
tish liistory. The salmon fishery on the Tay, near
this place, is very extensive. 'The staple manu
facture at Perth is Unen ; but, of late thecottoa
manufacture has almoat superseded it Besides.
theae, here are extensive m'anufactures of leather,
boots, sfaoes, and glovea. The grammar school of
Perth has long been accounted one of the best in
Scotland. 39 m. N. Edinburg, 22 W. Dundee, 15
S, Dunkeld, Lon. 3" 27' W, Lat 66" 22' N, Pop. '
in 1811, 17,248.
Perth, t Up. Csmads^ on the river Rideau. y
Perth-Amboy. See Amboy.
Perthuis, seigniory, Harapshire co. Lower Can
ada, 34 ra. W. Quebec.
Pertuis, t. France, iu Vaucluse, 14 m, S, E,
Apt, 40 S. E. Avignon. Pop. 4,000.
Pertuis d'Antiache. See Anlioche.
Peru, one ofthe viceroyalliea of Spaniah Ameri
cEi. It extenda from tfae Rio Tumbez, in 3° SO'
S. lat to tfae chain of VUcanota, in 15° S. lat. It
ia bounded N. by New Granada, E. by Brazfl, S.
E. by Buenos Ayres, S. by the desert of Atacama,
which separates it frora ChiU, and W. by the Pa
cific ocean. The Andes pass through the whole
length of the country psu-allel with the Pacific
ocean. There are two principal ridges, caUed
the eastem and western Cordillera. The coun
try between them is an elevated plain or table
land, generally frora 8,000 to 10,000 feet above
the level of the sea. The narrow tract between
the western Cordillera smd tiie Pacific is a plainj
principally sandy and barren. The tops of the
Andes are covered with etemsJ snow, and the
low counfry on tfae coast is hot and unhealthy,
while the intermediate table land enjoys a irai-
forra and delightful climate, Earthqusikes are
common ; Lima has been repeatedly almoat ruin
ed by thera. There are 70 gold rainea, 700 silver
mines, and 4 of quicksilver, beaides several of
copper and lead, "The annual produce of the gold
and sflver mines is more Uian $4,000,000, The
population, according to the last census, is
1,079,12'2, ofwhich number 619,000 are civilized
Indians, and the real are whites, negroes, mulat
toes, and mestizoes. The Spanish settlements are
on the high table land between the mountains,
and on the sea coast. They do not extend cast of
the Andes.
Peru trades with Europe, the East Indies, coast
wise with Mexico, Guatimala, and Chili, and
over laud with the provinces of the Rio de la Pla
ta, Its exports are chiefly gold and silver, wine,

PES
brfindy, augar, pimento, Jeauit's bark, 8alt,-ricuna
Wool, and coarae woollena ; and it receives iu re
turn Europeangoods, live stock, provisions, tallow,
cacao, Paraguay tea, cocoa leaf, indigo, tiraber,
cordage, pitch, and copper, Araid the recetat
eoramotions in Soutfa America, Peru haa remsiined
unshaken in its allegismce to the king of Spain,
fArmaments have been fitted out by tfae Patriots of
' Buenos Ayres aud Cfaili, for the invasion of this
Country, but hitherto (1820) without aucces|,
Peru, Bennington co. Vt, 30 ra, N, E, Behning-
ton. Pop, 239,
Peru, p-t, Berkshire co. Mass, 16 ra, N, N, E,
Lenox. Pop, 912,
Peru, p-t. Clinton oo, N. Y, on Lake Chsunplain,
140 m. N. Albany. Pop- 1,933.
Pervencheres, t. France, in Ome, 9 ra. S, W,
Mortagne, 14 N. E, Alencon. Pop, 800,
Perugia, a delegation of Italy, in the States of
the Church, including the ci-devant Perugino, Pop.
182,000, Perugia, t Italy, in the States of the Churcfa,
capital of a delegation of tfae same name, nesir the
Tiber. Il has manufactures of velvet and other
silk stuffs. The surrounding counfry is one of
the richest and finest in Italy. 30 m. N. N. W.
Spoleto, 86 N. Rorae. Lon, 12° 22' E, Lat 43° 6'
N. Pop, 16,000,
Peruipe, r. Brazfl, wfaicfa runs into the Atlan
tic, in lat, 18° 20' S,
Peruivets, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 12 m, N,
by E, Valenciennes, 18 W, by N, Mons, Pop,
5,500, Perwes le Marchez, t Netherlands, in South
Brabant, 12 m, N. Naraur, 25 S. E, Brussels,
Perwuttum, t. Hind. in Golconda, onthe S, bank
ofthe Kistna. Lon. 78° 40' E. Lat. 15° 67' N,
Perzttgno, t Dalmatia, on thegulf of Cattaro, 3
m. N. W, Cattaro, Pop. 1,600.
Pesant, Paint, the N, point of the ialand of
Banea. Pesaro, t Italy, in the States of tfae Church,
.near Uie Foglia, 18 ra. E. N, E, Urbino, 34 N, W,
Ancona, Lon, 12° 63' E, Lat 45° 5ff. N, Pop,
10,000, Pescaro, t Naplea, in the Abruzzo Citra, on the
Adriatic, at the mouth of the river Peacara, It
was formerly the see of a bishop, now removed lo
Atri, 6 m, N, E, Chieti, 40 E, Aquila,
Pescara, r. Naples, in the Abruzzo, which has
its source in the Appennines, and falls into the
Adriatic at Pescara.
Pescarok, t. Auatrian Itsdy, in the Milanese, 9
m. N, E, Cremona,
Peschici, t. Naplea, in Capitanata, 11 m. N, W,
Vieste, Pop, 1,600,
Peschiero, t and fortress, Austrian Italy,, near
the spot where the Mincio iaauea from the lake of
Garda, 15 m. W. Verona, 18 N, N, W, Mantua,
Lon. 10° 42' E. Lat 45° 7' N, Pop, .2,500,
Pescia,t. Tuacany, It ia the see of a bishop, 10
m. W, S, W, Pistoja, 20 E, N. E, Florence,
Pescia, t Austrian Italy, 7 ra, S. Treviso,
' Pescina, t Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra, 34 m,
N, by E, Pohte Corvo,
, Pesco Constanzo, t Naples, in the Abruzzo Ci
tra, 10 m. S, by E, Sulraona. Pop, 2,300,
Peseguera, small isl, near the coast of Portugal,
Lon, 8° 62' W, Lat, 37° 4ff N,
Pesenas, or Pesenas, t France, at the conflu
ence ofthe Peyre and the Herault, 14 ra, N, E,
Beziers, 25 S. W, MontpeUer, Pop, 7,000,
Pesenberg, t, Austria, on the Danube, opposite
Ips, 60 m,W, Vienna,

PET

575

peshawur, Pesliour, or Peishore, district, Af^
ghaniatan, province of Cabul,"' formerly Bekraul.
It is intersected by the IJaraeh or Cabul river, Al
tfaougfa the district ia only 35 railea in circumfer
ence, it is asud to contain 300,000 inhabitants.
Thia diatrict is the favourite residence of the Af
ghan court during the winter,
Peshawur, city,' Afghanistan, and cap, of the
above district, ia upwards of 5 milea in drcumfer-
ence, and contains aboutlOO,000 inhabitanisi It
waa at Peshawur that the honourable Mount Stu
art Elpfainston had hia audience of Shah Sujaa, the
Afgfaan king, in the year 1809. Lon. 70° 37'E.
Lat. 33° 32' N. Pop. 100,000.
Peshwa. See Mahratta Territory and Poonah.
Pesme, t. France, in Upper Saone, 22 m. W.
Beaancon. Pop. 1,700.
Pessoc, t France, in Gironde, 3 m. S. W. Bour
deaux, Pop, 1,400, ;
Pest, or Pesth, a palatinate of Hungary, on the
Dsmube, Area, 4,060 square milea. Pop, 362,000,
Pest, or Pesth, a large city, Hungai-y,*n!UieE,
bank ofthe Danube, oppoaite Buda, from which it
is separated by a bridge of boata, three quarters of
a mile in length. It is the seat of the high courts
of justice, and the plaoe of meeting for the diet
of Hungsuy, The , university ia richly endowed.
There are 40 professors, and between 700 smd 800
atudenta. The manufactures are varioua, com
prising silk, cotton, leather, jewellery, and music
al inatruments ; also tobacco, wfaicfa is faere a gov
ernment monopoly, 130 m, E, S, E. Viennsu Pop.
42,000, Peialnaig, t. India, in TinneveUy, Lon, 78° 15'
E, Lat. 9° 13' N,
Petapsco. See Patapsco.
Petatlan, Punta de, cape on the W, coaat of
Mexico, Lat, 17° SO' N.
Petcheke, province, Cfaina, in which ia Peking,
tfae capital. It ia ou the Tartar frontier. Pop, ac^
cording to Sir George Staunton, 38,000,000,
Petcheke, Gulfof See Yellow Sea.
Petelinga, Putita, cape on the coast of Brsizil.
Lon. 35° W, Lat 5° ff S.
Peterborough, city, Eng, in Northampton co, on
the Nen. Of the public buildings, the cathedral
is by far the moat remarkable. It ia a noble atruc-
ture, extending 470 feet in length, and about 200
in breadth. The chief trade of Peterborough con
siata in coals, corn, malt, and tiraber. The stocking
manufacture also is carried on here to a conaidera
ble extent. It sends two raembers to parliament
Pop, 3,674 for the city, and 7,029 for the Uberty of
Peterborough. 78 m, N, London, Lon. 0° 16' W.
Lat 52° 35' i,
Peterborough, p-t, Hillsborough co, N. H, wa
tered by the Contoocook, 29 ra, S. W, Concord.
Pop. 1,537, It is oneof the raost considerable raan
ufacturing towna in the State, and contains, be
sides other araaller manufactoriea, 6 cotton facto-
riea, a woollen factory, • several grsun mills, an ofl
raill, and a fulling mill. i
Peterborough, p-v, Madison co. N, Y, on Oneida
creek, 29 m, S. W. Utica, 122 W,, Albany. Here
are a printing office, an arsenal, and extensive
cotton, woollen, and glsiaa factoriea,
Peterhead, a-p. Scotland, Aberdeen co, on a pe
ninsula and small island called Keith Inch, pro
jecting into the Gernian ocean, and forming the
raost easily point of lajid in Scotiand, It has two
harboura, divided frora each otljer by a cauaeway.
They are resorted to by wind-bound vessels from
all parts of Europe. The shippii^ belonging to

576

PET

this port amounts to about 13,000 tons, 132 m.
N, Edinburgh* Lon, 1° 22' W, Lat 57° SO' N,
Pop, in 1811,3,554,
Perterlingen. See Payerne.
Petersburg, St. a government in the N, W, of
Eu, Rusaisi, at tfae E, exfremity of the gulf of Fin
land. Area, 18,000 sq. miles. Pop, 700,000, The
surface is in genersd leivel. The cold climate is un
favourable to the culture of corn. Timber forms
tfae chief source of wealth, deals and masts being
the great articlea of export
Petersburg, St. the capital of the Russian em
pire, is at the E, extremity of the gulfof Finland,
at the mouth of the river Neva, ll ia entirely a
modern city, having been commenced by Peter
tho Great, in the beginning of the last century,
and has since been progressively extended and
embellished, particularly by the empress Catha
rine 11, who first made it the permanent abode of
the court The form of Peteraburg is nearly cir
cular ; its disuneter about four miles. The Neva,
flowing from east to west, divides it into two parts,
of wfaich tfae Isirger and more populous is on tfae
south side of the river. On the land side, St, Pe
tersburg is almost entirely open ; but the approach
by sea is guarded by tfae fort of Cronatadt, and in
the middle of the city ia a citadel. The aite of this
capital ia level, and low, and was formerly liable
to inundations.
The Neva, soon after entering Sl, Petersburg,
sends off a branch, and frora the raiddle of the city
anolher branch, both lo the northward. These
fall soon sifter into the sea, and forra the insulated
tracts on which the northern part of the city is
built The main stream flows througfa the raiddle
ofthe city, and has along ila south aide a quay tfaree
miles in length, aud embanked in all ils extent
with a wall, parapet, and pavement of granite.
The aouthern part ofthe town is divided by canala,
No city in Europe can aland a compariaon with
St, Petersburg in the widlfa and regularity of ils
streeta, Tfae aquares are less nuraerous and spa
cious than might have been expected in a city of
sucfa recent erection. The streeta are for tfae
most part paved witfa alone. The faouses, origin
ally of wood, are now of brick. One of the chief
difficulties in this city is to make a cellar, aa in all
situations water is found at the depths of five or
six feet. Among the raost conspicuous public
buildings, is the winter palace of the czar, a build
ing of great extent, being 450 feel long, 350 broad,
and 70 in height. The nuraber of booksellers'
shopa in Peteraburg ia between SO and 40; of
printing-houaes about half as ra;i ny. The publi-
caliona are generally tranalations from the French,
EngUsh, or Gerraan, The Petersburg university
waa eatablished in 1819, There are inferior in
stitutiona in considerable number, such aa schools
for medicine, surgery, navigation, mining; alao
several military college.a and charity schoola. Here
are also aeveral acaderaiea, one of sciences, an
other of the fine arts, and a third for proraoting
a knowledge of the Russian history and language.
But most ofthe membera of these associations are
foreigners, particularly Germans, Petersburg
contains aeveral scientific collections, in particular
thoae of natural history and the arts. The manu
facturing establishmenta af c very varioua. Among
thoae undertaken by the government, are the
grand tapestry work, a large manufactory of aqua
fortis, a mint, and assay office in the citadel, a
bronze work, a foundry of raetal, a foundry of can-

PET
non, and powder-milla. Of those belonging to in-
dividusils, are tfae raanufactures of silk, cotton,
woollen, paper and cards, wax- cloth, anuffj tobac
co, leather, watchea, glaaa, printing' types. The
commercial intercourse of St Petersburg js im
portant, from its extensive coramunicatioB with
the interior, and ita being the only great maritime
outlet in the gulf of Fintand. The canal of Visch-
nei-Volotschok unites the Neva with the Wolga,
thu3„Dpening a slow but complete communication
betwSen the Baltic and the Caspian, a distance of
1,400 miles. The foreign trade of St Petersburg
ia almost wholly in the hands of foreigners. The
principal exports are hemp and flax, leather and
tallow, iron frora the raines, and the akins of hares
and foxes from the foreats. To these su-e added
canvas, and other coarse linen. The vsdue ofthe
annual imports into .St Petersburg ia between
five and six miUiona aterUng ; aud that of the ex
porta between four and five millions. The num
ber of shipa that enter the Neva annually varies
from 1,000 to 1,700, of wfaich about haUare Brit
ish, 435 m, E, by N, Stockholm, 1,400 E. N. E.
London, Lon, 30° Iff 45" E. Lat 59° 56' 23" N,
Pop, in 1817, according to census, 285,000; of
whom 55,000 were in the land and sea aervice,
and 25,000 were .foreigners.
Petersburg, t. Rensselaer co. N, Y, 25 m, N, E
Albany. Pop, 2,039.
Petersburg, p-t. Adams co. Pa.
Petersburg, t Cumberland co. Peu on the W.
side of tfae Suaquehannah, 15 ra. above Harris
burg. '
Petersburg, borough and port of entry, Dinwid
die CO. Vfrginisi, on the S, E, bsmk of Appomatta$
river, juat below the falls, 12 miles from its mouth,'
at the faead of aloop navigation, 25 ra. S. Richmond.
II CE^rriea on a large commerce in tobacco and floor,
and ia tfae emporium of trade fora considerahledis-
trict in North Carolina, as weU as for the southern
part of Virginia. Tfae falls of tfae river at this
place afford fine situations for miUs ; aud there ia
a canal siround tfaem, which opens the navigation
for 80 milea above the town. "The araount of ship
ping in this diatrict, in 1815, was 5,912 tons. Pe
tersburg contains a court-house, jail. Free Ma
sons' faall, several tobacco warehouses and flour
mills, 2 banica, an insurance office, and 5 houses of
public worship, 2 for Baptista, and 1 each for Pres
byterians, Episcopalisras, and Methodists. Tbe
borough comprehends, besides the town of Peters
burg, the village of Blandford , in Prince George's
CO. and Powhatsm, in Chesterfield co. Pop. in 1810,
5,668; in 1820, 6,328, ofwhom 3,1 17 were whites,
1,113 free blacks, and 2,098 slavea. Lon, 77° 31'
W, Lat 37° IffN,
Petersburg, p-t, Elbert co. Geo. on the Savan
nah, at the junction of Broad river, 53 m. above
Auguata, Popi 332,
Petersburg, t. Woodford co, Kentucky, on the
river Kentucky, 15 ra. S. E, Frankfort.
Petersburg, t. Colurabiana co, Ohio, 14 m. E, N,
E. New Liabon.
Peterrfkld, t. Eng. in Hants, 18 m, N. E, Ports
mouth, 54 S. W, London. Lon; 0° 54' W. Lat
60°5ffN, Pop, 1,200,
Petershagen, t. Prussian statea, on the Weser, 6
ra, N, Minden, Pop, 1,200,
Petersham, v. Eng, in Surry, on the Thames, on
the S, side of Richraond hiU, 10 m, W. S, W. Lon
don. Pop-. 406.
Petersham, p-t. Worcester co. ^lasa, 29 m. N.W-

PET

P F A

577

Worcester, 67 ni, W, by N, Boston, Pop, 1,400,
Swift river, a branch of tfae Chickapee, runa
through the town. Petersham contains a variety
of manufactures. The town is handsomely built,
on elevated ground, coramauding an extensive
proapect PderstltaU, v. Baden, 24 m, E, S, E, Strasburg,
Pop, 2,000,
Pderstown, p-v, Monroe co. Va.
PetersvUle, p-v. Frederick co. Md.
Pderswttld, v. Bohemia, 20 ra. S. by E. Dresden.
Pop. 1,500.
Pekrswaldau, t Prusaian states, 9 m. S. Schweid
nitz. Pop. 3,000.
Peterwardein, or Peter-Vara, atrong t Auatri
an states, on the Danube. Pop. 3,700.
Peterwardein, in Hungary. See Neusatz.
Petherton, North, v. Eng. in Somerset, 8 m. N.
jE. Taunton- Pop, 2,616.
Petherton, South, t Eng. in Somerset, 12 ra, S,
E, North Petherton, Pop, 1,867,
Pethor, in Sac, Geog, place iu Meaopotaraia, on
the Euphratea, the dwelling place of Bsdaara,
Petin, small ial, in the Eastern aeas. Lon, 99°
2rE, Lat2°2ffS,
PetU Goavesf t on the N, coast of St Domingo,
on the bay of Leogane, 7 ra, W, Grand Goave, 36
W. by S, Port-au-Prince. Lon. 72" 54' W. Lat
18"23'N. Petit Port, on the W. side of Newfoundland isl
and, 64 leagues N, Cape Ray, Lon, 69° 1,5' W,
Lat 47° 62' 30" N,
Petit Riviere, t, St, Domingo, 10 leagues E. by
N. St. Marc. Lon. 72° Iff W. Lat 19° ff N.
Petite Nation, seigniory York co. Lower Cana
da, on the Ottawsu
Petite Pierre, t France, in Lower Rhine, 26 ra.
N. W. Stirasburg. Pop. 1,000.
Pdite Rixiere, r. Lower Canada, which runs
S. W. 15 leagues, and falls into the Ottawa.
Petkum, V. Hanover, in Esist Friesland, on the
Ems, 3 m. S. E, Embden.
PeUad, t Hind, in Gujerat Lon, 73° E. Lat
22° 27' N,
PeUahwod, t. Hind, in Malwah, Lon. 74° 60'
E, Lat 23" 22'N,
Petoka, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wabash
from the N, E, 20 m, below Vincennes, after a
courae of about 70 miles,
Petras. See Pelion, Mount.
Petrei Bay, bay on the S, shore of New Hol
land. Lon. 133° 15J' E. Lat 32" 334' S.
Petrella, t Naples, in the Principato Cifra, 1 1
m.F..Mohse. Pop. 3,000.
Peirie's Island, small ial. off tfae N. W. coaat of
America. Lon. 229° 2ff E. Lat. 64° 42' N. .
Petrikau, t Poland, 76 m. S.W. Waraaw. Pop.
1,700. Petrikov, t Ruaaian Lithuania, in Minsk, 130 ra.
S. E. Novogrodek,
Petrinia, t, Austrian atatea, 35 m, E, Carlatadt
Pop. 2,900,
PetroneU, t. Austrian statea, 12 m, W. by S,
Presburgh, Pop, 2,000,
Pdropaulouskoia, fort. A, Russia, in Irkoutsk, 16
m, S.S. W, Selenginsk,
Petrepoukuskaia, fort, A. Russia, in Oufa, 62
m. E. N. E. Verchouraisk.
Petropaulouskoi, t A. Russia, in Tobolak, on the
lachim, 40 m. E, lachim,
Petrarca, t. Chili, in QuiUota, on the Longoto
ma, Lat 31° SO'S,
Petrosafiodsk, t,Eu, Russia, cap, of Olonetz, sit- 7.3

uated on the W, bank of Lake Onega, 65 m, N,E,
Olonetz, Lon, 34° 23' 46" E, Lat«61" 47' 4" N,,
Pop, 3,000,
Petrovsk, t, Eu. Ruaaia, in Jaroalav, 52 m, S, Ja
roslav, Lon, 40" 14' E, Lat, 66" 45' N, Pop,
1,000, Petrovsk, t. Eu. Ruaaia, in Saratov, 40 m, N,W.
Saratov, Lon, 44" 64' E, Lat, 52" 40' N,
Petschonoi, cape on the N, coast of A. Ruaaia,
in the Frozen sea, Lon, 165" 14' E. Lat 76° 25'N.
Pdscliau, t. Bohemia, 63 m. W. Prague, 11 S.
Carlsbad. Pop. 1,400.
Petscliora, c. Eu. Ruasia, which rises in the Ou
ral raountains, and falls into the Arctic ocean,
near Pustoserakoe, after a courae of above 600
railes. Pettapore, or Peltipare, t Hind, in the Circars,
Lon, 82"2ffE, Latl7°S'N.
Patau, t Auatrian statea, on the Drave, 17 m,
E, S. E, Marburg, Lon, 16°' 5ff 26" E, Lat 46°
Sff 21" N, Pop, 1,200,
Pettem, v. North Holland, on the German ocean}
10 ra, N, Alkmaar,
Petticatta, t. India, in Tanjore, Lon, 79° 22' B
Lat 10" 21' N,
Pettini, arasdl ial, in the gulf of Venice, Lom
24"37,'E, Lat 44" 49' N,
Pettmes, or Pottmes, t, Bavaria, 10 m, S, by W,'
Neuburg on the Danube. Pop, 1,000,
Pettorano, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, on thp
Peacara, 6 ra. S. Sulmona,
Petty Harbour, bay on the E. coast of Newfound
land. Lon.52°2ffW, Lat 47° SffN,
Petworth, t. Eng. iu Suasex, on a-brsmch of the
Arun, 12 m. N, E, Chichester, 49 S, W, Londoni
Lon, 0° Sff W, Lat, 50° 5ff N. Pop, 3,007,
Peua, cape on the coast of Brsizil, Lon, 38° 36'
W, Lat 3° SffS,
Pevensey, v. Eng, in Sussex, on a amall river
which falla into Pevenaey bay, 14 ra, S, W, Haat-
ings. Pop, 2,459.
Peyaung, t. Hind, in Oude, Lon. 80° 15' E.
Lat 27" 4ff N,
Peyerson's Paint, cape on the N, coast of Anti"
gua, Lon, 61° 32' W, Lat 17° IffN.
Peyrot, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 25 m. E,
Limoges, Pop, 1,600,
Peyrehourade, I, France, in Landes, at the con
fluence ofthe Adour and the Gave de Pau, 13 mi,
S, Dax, 20 E, by N, Bayonne, Pop, 2,000,
Peyriac, t. France, in Aude, 16 m, E, byj^, Car
cassonne, Pop, 1,100,
PeyroUes, t France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
on the right bank of the Durance, 12 m, N, Aix.
Pop. 1,800. •
Peyrusse, t. France, iu Aveyron, 25 m, W. by
N. Rodez. Pop. 900.
Peytahn, t Hind, in Nepaul. Lon. 82° 16' E.
Lat. 29" 4' N.
Peytansburg, v. Pittsylvania co. Va.
Peza, r. Eu. Ruaaia, which flows from the Lake
Varzeakoi, and runa into the river Mezen, 12 m.
S. E. Ozolcolskoi.
Pezenas. See Pesenas.
Peza do Regoo, t Portugal, in Tras Iqs Monies,
on the Douro, 7 m. N. W. Lamego. Pop. 1,100.
Pfafers. See Pfeffers.
Pfttffendorf, v. Pruasian slates, 1 m.. N. Liegnits!,
Here the Prussians, cortiraanded by Frederick IL
obtained, in 1760, a signal victory over the Auatri
ana, coramanded by Laudohn.
Pfoffenhausen, t Bavaria, 5 m. N. N.W. Min-^
delheim. Pop. 3,000.

S78

PHI

' -P/o/ejiAo/en, t Wirtemburg, 18 m. N. Stut
gard. Pop. 900.
Pfoffenhofen, v. Bavaria, 8 m. E. by S. Ulm.
pop. 1,200.— There is another on the lira, 24 m,
N. by W. Munich. Pop. 1,500.
Pfaffenhirfen, t Austrism atates, in Tyrol, on the
Inn, 14 m, W, Inapruck, Pop, 2,400.
Pfoffenhofen, t France, in Lower Rhine, 9 ra.
tV. Hagenau, Pop, 1,200,
PfdUsd, t Pruaaian province of the Lower
Rhine, at the confluence ofthe Sasir and Moselle,
3 m. N, E, Trevea. Pop, 900.
Pfedelbach, t Wirtemberg, 4 m. S. Oehringen,
Pop, 1,000,
l^edersheim, t, Germany, in Hesse-Darraatadt,
24 m. N, W, Spire, 23 S, Mentz, Pop, 1,700,
Pfeffenheim, t, France, in Upper Rhine, 6 m,
S, Colmar, Pop, 1,700,
Pfeffers, or Pfafers, v. Switz, in St.' Gall, 4 m,
S, Sargana,
Pf^ican, t Swisa canton of Zuricfa, 11 m. E.
Zuricfa. Pop. 2,700.
Pfinz, araall r. Baden, which falls into the
Rhine, a mile above Gerraeraheira.
Pforten, V. Prussia, 11 m. S. Guben, 67 N. N. E.
Dresden. Pop. 800.
Pfortzheim, t. Baden, al the junction of the
Wurm and Nagold, 17 m, E, S, E. Carlaruhe, ?2
W, N, W. Stutgard. Lon. 8" Sff 15" E. Lat. 48°
55° IffN, .Pop, 6,400.
Pfrei'md, t Bavaria, on the river Nab, 1 1 m. E.
Amberg, Pop. 1,100.
PfuUendorf, t. Baden, 19 ra, N,by E, Constance,
Pop. 1,600.
PfuUingen, t. Wirtemberg, 9 m. E. by S. Tu
bingen. Pop. 3,200.
. Pfunds, V. Austrian states, in Tyrol, on the Inn,
44 m. W. S. W. Inspruck.
Pfungstadt, v. Gerraany, 6 ra. S. S, E. Darm-
&ladt Pop.2,i00,
Pfyn, t, Switz, in Thurgau, 7 ra, W, Con
stance, Pholasia, Cope, cape on the E. coast of tfae isl
and of Negropont Lon. 23° 4ff E. Lat. 38"
51' N,
PhaUhourg, t. France, in Meurtfae, 30 ra, N.W.
Sfrasburg, Pop. 2,900.
Pharsalia, or Pharso, (an.PIiarsalus,) t. Greece,
in Thessaly. ll Ues adjacent to the plain so well
known for the decisive victory gained by Ctesar
over Porapey. 18 ni. S. E. Larissa, 23 N. by W.
Zeitun. Pop. 6,000.
Pharsalia, p-t Chenango co. N. Y. N. W. of
Norwich. Pop. 480.
Pheasant's Isle, small isl. in the Bidassoa, the
river which separates France and Spain.
Phelps, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. 12 m. E. Canan
daigua. Pop. 3,480.
Phenice, or Phenicia, in Sac, Geog. a province
of Syria, adjoining Paleatine, and lying on Uie
Mediterranean. It was divided into two parts :
Maritirae Phenicia, contained the cities of Accho,
Tyre, Sidon, Berytes, and Tripoli; the other part
of Phenicia was between Libanus and Antiliba
nus, and contained the citiea of Heliopolis andDa-
mascus, Phervinterakoi, cape, Eu, Russia, on the E,
coast of Nova Zembla, Lon, 77° 14' E, Lat, 77°
Sff N,
Philadelphia, in Sac, Geog, city of Lydia, in
Asia Minor, on the river Cayster, at the foot of
mount TmolUs,

P H I
Philadelphia, t, Rutland oo. Vt 36 m. N, W.
Windsor. Pop. 205.
Philadelphia, co. Pa. bounded N. by Bucks co.
E. and S. E. by Delawsure river, S. W. by Delaware
CO, and W, by Montgomery co. Pop, in 1820
136,273, '
Philadelphia, the largest town in Pennsylvania,
ia on the W, bank of Delaware river, which is
here seven-eighths of a mile wide, 126 mflea from
the Atlantic ocean by the course of tfae bay and
riveSf, and about 65 or 60, in a S, E, direction,
over land ; 300 S, W, Boaton ; 90 S.W. New York,
100 N, E, Baltimore, 138 N, E, Washington, The
forra of tfae ground plot of the proper city is an ob
long, about one mile from N. to S, and two from
E, to W, lying in the narrowest part ofthe isthmus^
between the Delawsu-e and SchuylkiU rivers, about
5 miles in a rigfat line above their confluence.
The buildings now extend beyond these Umits,
and occupy a space exceeding 3 mUes in length
frora N, to S. and on High or Market sfreet extend
from the Delaware to the Schuylkill, All the
houses built beyond the boundsuy Une of the ob
long city are ssiid.to be in the "Ubertiea," aa the
jurisdiction of the corporation does not extend to
that part of the town. Some of the streets in the
liberties are irregular, but the city is regularly
laid out in streets which cross each other at right
angles. Of theae, there were originaUy 9 which
extended frora the Delaware to the Schuylkill, and
whicfa were crossed by 23, running N. aud S. The
number of aquarea in tfae originsd plsra was 18^;
but as several of them have been intersected, by
new sfreets, their mimber now amounts to 304;
several of which su-e sigain interaected by Ijuies
and alleys. Broad street is US feet wide; High
street, 100; Mulberry street, 60; and tfae other
streeta, in the original plan, 60 feet wide. The
streets are well paved with stones in the middle,
and have neat foot paths of brick ; and being fur-
niahed with common aewers smd gutters, are, in
general, kept very clesm. Lamps, dispoaed at con
venient distances, give light to aU parts of the town
in the night. The housea are generally consfruct
ed of brick, three stories high, plain srad neat,
without rauch ornaraent
Philadelphia contained, in 1817, 67 placea of
pubUc worship, viz, 9 for General Asaembly Prea
byteriana, 2 for Aasociate Reformed Preabyteri
ana, 1 for Associate Presbyterisras, 1 for Reformed
Preabyteriana, 6 for EpiscopaUans, 6 for Quakere
or Friends, 6 for Baptists, 4 for Roraan CathoUca,
1 for Swedes, 2 for German Lutherans, 1 for Eng
lish Lutherana, 1 for German Presbyterians, 2 for
Dutch Reformed Presbyterians, II for Methodist",
I for Moravians, I for Universaliata, I for Unitari
ans, 1 for Jews, and I for Swedenborgians, The
other public buildings are the late state-house and
oflicea, 2 city court-houses, a county court-house,
an university, the Philosophical Society's hall, a
pubUo library, an hospital, 3 dispensaries, an alms
house, a jail, 10 incorporated banks, 2 dramatic
theatres, a medical Uieatre, tfae Waahington hall,
a laboratory, an amphitheafre, four brick market-
houaes, 3,000 feet long, a fish-market, a house of
correction, and 3 powder magazines. Steam-
engine houses have been erected, for supplying
the city with wholesome water from Uie Schuyl
kill, "The State-house was erected about the year
1753, and its architecture is adraired. It now con
tains Peal's museura, the largeat collection of nat
ural curioaities in Araerica, Adjoining it ia an in-
Closed square, ornamented with several rows of

P H I

P H I

579

trees, so as to form a pleasant promenade. The
new bank of Pennaylvania, erected under the au
perintendancc of Mr, Lafrobe, ia a large and re
markably elegant edifice of marble, of the Ionic
order, constructed after the model of tfae ancient
temple of Minerva, in Greece, The roof of the
first Presbyterian church is aupported in front by
six pillara of the Corinthian order, and the build
ing does honour to the city.
The Uterary and benevolent institutiona are
very numerous and respectable. The Philadel
phia library originated witfa Dr, Franklin, and
was incorporated in 1742, The buflding belong
ing to the library corapany ia sin elegant structure ;
and in front of the edifice is a statue of Dr. Frank
lin, of white raarble, executed in Italy. The li-
brar)' contained, in 1817, raore thsin 12,000 vol
umes, and there are, besides, a museum and a
valuable philosophical apparatus. The Ubrary is
open to the pubUc every day in the lyeek, except
Sunday. The subscribers amount lo nearly 1,000,
and each subscriber pays two dollars smuually.
The Philadelphia Athenaeum was incorporated in
1815, and has a librsu-y of more than 2,000 vol
umes. The academy of natural sciences, in
corporated in 1817, has vsduable collections iu
the several departments of natural history, and
a library of about 2,000 volumes. The Amer
ican Philosophical Society, formed in 1769, has
a library of 4,000 voluraes. The Pennsylvania
Hospital, established in 1751, is the most res
pectable institution of tfae kind in the United
States. It haa a vsfluable anatomical rauaeum, a
library of nearly 5,000 volumes, and usually about
200 patients, of whom nearly one half su'c luna-
Uca. In 1816, a handaorae building was erected
in tbe neighbourhood of the hoapital, to accora-
modate Mr. Weat' a celebrated painting, repre
senting Christ healing the sick. The profits re
sulting frora the exhibition of fhe picture have
afforded a handsome income to the hospital.
The University of Pennsylvania was formed out
of two institutions ; one designated by the above
narae, the ether by that of the College, Academy
and Charitable Schools of Philadelphisi, They
now constitute a very respectable seminary, incor
porated in 1791, and embracing, at present, the
four departments of arta, medicine, natural sci
ence, and law, in each ofwhich lectures are given.
There are four professors in tho department of
arts, 6 in that of natural science, 1 in the law de
partment, and 7 in the medical department. The
medical department is one of tfae raost flouriahing
institutions ofthe kind in the world. It has about
500 students, frora various parta of the U, Statea,
who expend annually at least 160,000 dollars in
the city.
Philadelphia is the first city in the United Statea
in the VE*iety, extent, and excellence of its man-
ufEictures, In 1810, the city and county contained
8 cotton raanufactories, 23 carding machines, 102
hat raanufactories, 20 nail raanufactories, 10 gun
manufactories, 69 tanneriea, 18 distilleries, 17
breweries, 7 paper raills, 27 snuff and tobacco
manufactories, 15 ropewalks, 24 brush raanufacto
ries, 3 glass works, 14 marble yards, 7 umbrella
manufactories, 64 printing-offices, and nuraerous
other manufacturing eatablishmeuts. The porter
brewery rivals that of London, The whole value
<>f, the manufacturea for the city and county in
1810, was $16,103,869, In this city is the raint of
the United States, m -which the national raoney is
coined. Printing is carried on here more exten

sively Uian in any other place in America, There
are 9 daily newapapers, 2 semi-weekly, and 4
weeldy. The commerce of Philadelphia is very exten
sive. In araount of ahipping, it is the fourth city
in the Union, The nuraber of tons in 1816, was
101,830. It iraports foreign goods for the greatest
part of Pennsylvania, for Delaware, and half of
New Jersey ; and ia contending with New York,
New Orleans, and Montreal, for the supply ofthe
weatern states. It is computed, that 10 waggons,
on an aversige, leave Philadelpfaia for Pittsburg,
every day,' loaded with raerchandize, and tfae an
nual value ofthe goods thus transported faas been
eatiraated at $18,000,000, The Delaware ia nav
igable aa far aa tfais"tity for a 74 gun ship, and for
sloops to Trenton, 36 miles further,
, The environs of Philadelphia are pleaaant and
well cultivated. Towards the north are Kensing
ton, on tfae Delaware, well known for ship build
ing; Germanlown, a long and populous viUage,
and Frankford, another village, hlith within 4 or 6
milea. The country aeats are nuraerous. To tfae
south ia Darby, a araall, pleasant town, above 7
railes distant ; aud on the Schuylkill, a town called
Haraflton, near whicfa ia tfae botanical garden of
Mesara. Bartrams, In the west, on the same riv
er, 18 acres of ground have been destined for a
public botanical garden. The bridge over the
Schuylkill, oppoaite to Market atreet, ia a superb
afruclnre. Pop. of the city and Ubertiea, in 1 790,
43,525; in 1810,92,247; in 1820, 108,ll6. Lon.
75° IffW. Lat39°57'N.
Philadelphia, p-t. Monroe co. Alabsima.
Philates, or Filates, t Eu. Turkey, in Albanisi,
25 m. W. by S Joannina, Pop, 2,000,
Philbert de Grand-Lieu, v. jrance, on the nor
thern bank of tfae lake of Grand-Lieu, 15 m, S, by
W. Nantea, Pop, 2,000.
Philiotro, Philiatrea, or Filatro, t Greece, in
the Morea, 2 ra. frora the sea, and 6 S, W, Arca
dia, Philip Island, isl. in the' Pacific ocean, 6 m. S,
Norfolk island,
PhiUp Island, small isl. on the S. E, coast of New
HoUand. Lon, 145° 25' E, Lat 38° 33' S,
Philip hlands, 2 islands in the Pacific ocean,
Lon, 140° ff E. Lat 8° 6' S,
Philip Island, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon.
143° 57' W, Lat. 16° 24' S.
Philip Port, an inlet on the S. coaat of New
Holland, SO miles long, and 36 broad. Lon. of
Point Nepean, the E, point of entrance, 144° 38'
E, LatS8°lff S,
Philippe, fort, fort of France, at the mouth of
the sraall river Aa, below Gravelines.
Phillippeou, a bay of Labrador, in the gulfof
St, Lawrence, near the straits of Belleiale, Lon.
5S°4ffW, Lat51°2ffN,
Philippevilk, t Netfaerlands, in Naraur, 22 m.
S, by W, Namur, 30 S, E. Mons, Lon, 4° 32' 34"
E, Lat 50° 1 1' W N, Pop, 1,200,
Philippi, t Eu, Turkey, in Macedon, 8 ra, froni
the sea, and 80 E, by N, Salonica. The adjoining
plains are famous aa the scene of a battle between
Caaaius and, Brutus on the one side, and Augustus
and Mark Anthony on the other,
PhiUppina, t. Mexico, in Guatimala, Lon, 91°
Sff W, Lat 12° Sff N,
Philippine Bay, or Bohia de Corks, bay on tiie
S, coast of Cuba, Lon, 83° 50' W, Lat 22° N,
Phillippines, an archipelago in the Eaatern seas,
consisting of a great number of islsuids of various

669

P H 0

«izeB, on many ofwhich the Spaniards have Cilab-
liahments. They extend frora 13° 6r 14" to 19° or
20° N. lat The largest island ia Luzon, or Luco-
nia ; to the aouth ofwhich the principal ialands are
Mindoro, Panay, Marindique, Negros, Masbsite,
Zebu, Bohbl, Leyte, Samar, and Magindanao.
Tfae principal production is rice, which ia the
chief food of the nativea. The tobacco ia excel
lent, and ia eateemed the beat in Aaia, The ex
ports are birda' neala, caaaia, gold dust, pepper,
rattsras, sago, tortoise shell, wax, wild honey, am
ber, marble, ter, brimstone, and raany other arti
cles of inferior note. These islands were first dis
covered by Magellan in 1521, In 1570, a settie
ment was effected at the mouth of the Manilla
river. The piratical cruizers from Magindanao
and Sooloo are constantly plundering tfae cosist of
the PhiUppines, capturing vessels, burning towns,
and massacreing the inhabitants, *
PhiUppines, New. See Pelew Islands.
PhilippopoU, or Filibe, t Eu. Turkey, in Mace
don, on sui island forraed by the Marizza, 96 ra.
W. N. W. Adrianople, 226 W. N. W. Constanti
nople. Pop. 30,000.
Philipsburg, t Germany, in Baden, near the
Rhine. It wsis once one of the strongest places in
Germany. 5 m. S. Spire, 14 N. Carlaruhe. Pop.
1,100. Philipsburgh, t Bedford co. Lower Canada, on
tha E. aid^ of Miasiaque bay, about one mile from
the boundary line between Lower Canada and the
United Statea. It containa about 60 houaea.
Philipstad, t. Sweden, in Wermeland, 35 ra. N.
E. Caristadt
PhiUpsthal, t. Gerijany, on the Werra, 38 m.
S. S. E. Cassel.
Philipstown, t. Ireland, in King's co. 38 m, W,
DubUn, Philistia, iu Sac, Geog, See Palestine.
PhiUips, p-t Somerset co. Maine, on the W.
side ofthe Kennebec, 40 m. N. Norridgewock.
PhiUips, r. N, Hampshire, wfaich unites with
the Upper Amoonoosuc, in Piercy,
Phillips, t. Putnam co. N.Y, on the Hudson,
W. of Carmel, Pop, 3,120,
Phillips, CO, Arkansaw Territory, in the N. E,
part, on the Mississippi and the St. Francis rivers.
Pop, in 1821, 1,196, The chief town is Helena,
situated on the Mississippi, 12 ra, below the raouth
ofthe St, Francis,
Phillipsburg, p-v. Orange co, N, Y,
Phillipsburg, p-t. Centre co. Pa.
Phillipsburg, t. Sussex co. N, J. on the Dela
ware, opposite Easton, 41 ra, N, W, Trenton,
Phillipsburg, t Jefferson co, Ohio, on Ofaio riv
er, opposite Wellsburg, Va, 7 ra, S, SteubenviUe,
Phillipstan, p-t Worcester co. Mass, 32 ra, N,
W, 'Worcester, Pop, 830,
Phillipstawn, t. Putnara co. N. Y. on the Hud
son, opposite West Point Pop, 3,129,
Phillipsville, p-v. Feliciana co. Louisiana.
Philokia, Or Filoki, t. Eu. Turkey, on the E. side
of the gulf of Arta, 16 m, S. by E, Arta, 50 S, by
E, Joannina.
Phipps, Cape, cape on the N, W, coast of Ame-
pica, at the entranre into Behring's bay, Lon,
140° W, Lat 59" SffN,
Phipsburg, p-t, Lincoln co, Maine, on the Ken-
Bebec, 20 m. S, W. Wiscasset
, Phloka, V. Greece, in the Morea, 8 m, S, E,
Pyrgo, Phoside, t, Eng. in Derbyshire, 6 ra, frora Chap-
el-in-le-Frith. Fop, 1,286,

P I c
Phrygia, in Sac, Geog, a country of Asia Mi
nor, the capital ofwhich was Troy, Itwas divided
into Phrygia' Greater and Phrygia Less, Phrygia
Greater was situated lo the E, between Bithynia,
Galatia, Lydia, and Mysia ; Phrygia Less was sit
uated to the W, lying on the Hellespont, at fhe
foot of Mount Ida,
Physgeah, v. Algiers, 15 ra, from Constantina,
Piacenza, or Placentio, t. Italy, in PsuTha, in an
extensive plain, near the Po, Without being, a
place of strength, it is surrounded by earthen
ramparts and defended by a castle, 32 m, W, N,
W. Parma, 34 S, E, Milan, Lon, 9" 42' E, Lat
46° 2'N, Pop, 20,000,
Piacenza, or the Piaeeiitino, duchy of Italy, in
the States of Parma, extending from the Appen
nines to the Po, 36 mflea long from N, to S. and
from 10 to 18 broad,
Piadena, t Austrian Italy, 16 ra, W, Mantua,
Pialopore, t. Bengal, in Dacca. Lon. 90° ff E.
Lat 23° 36' N.
Piol'ny, t India, in DindiguL Lon, 77° 37' E.
Lat I0°2ffN,
Fiona de Greei, t Sicfly, 16 m, S, W, Palermo,
Pianella, t Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, on the
Peacara, 2 ra, S, W, Chieti, Pop. 3,200.
Pionezsa, t. Piedmont, 9 ra. W. Turin. Pop,
2,000, Piankatank, r. Va. which runa into the Cheaa
peake, opposite Guinn'a ialand. It is navigable
8 mfles for smaU crsdt
Pianasa, amall isL belonging to Tuacany, be
tween Elba Eind Corsica, anciently csiUed Planau-
tsi, and used by the Romans as a place of exile.
Lon. ia° 6ff E, Lat 42° 42' N,
Piasanskai, Verschnei, v. Russia, in Tobolsk,
near the Frozen aea, 460 ra, N. Turuchansk,
- Piosas, r. Blinois, which runs into the Missis
sippi, Piastla, r, Mexico, which enters the Pacific
ocean, in lat 234° N.
Piatra, t Moldavia, on the Bistritza, 70 m,
S. W, Jassy,
Piave, r. Austrian Italy, which divides into
two branches, Erad runs into the Adriatic, N, E,
of Venice, It is navigable from Naventsi, 86 miles,
Piave, t Itsdy, in the duchy of Modena, SOm, S,
by W, Modena,
Piaw, T. Mqxico, which runs into the bay of
Honduras, in lon, 85" 50' W. lat 15° 52' N.
Piasida, r. A, Russia, which rises in Tomsk,
Eind after a course of 300 mfles, runs into the Fro
zen ocean, in lon, 87° 14' E. lat 73" 30' N.
Piassa, t Sicily, in Uie Val di Noto, 37 m, W.
by S. Catania, 80 S, E, Palermo, Lon, 14° 22' E-
Lat, 37° 23' N, Pop, 13,500,
Pic de VEtoik, Le, small isl, in Uie S. Pacific
ocean, one ofthe New Hebrides. Lon. 168° 9' E.
Lat 14°2ff S.
Pic du Midi, Le, one of the highest mountains
on the French side of the Pyrenees, more than
9,500 feet above the level of the sea, Itis 30 m.
S. Pau, 75 from Fontarabia.
Pica, r. Peru, which runs into the Pacifio ocean,
forming a harbour at ita mouth, in lat 20° 12' S,
Picardy, formerly a province in tfae N, of
France, bounded by the English chsmnel on the
W. and the Netherlands on the E, It now forms
the department of the Somme, and part of the de
partments ofthe Oise, A-isne, and Pas de Calais,
Pichincha, a Very lofty mountain and volcano
of Quito, in S, America, on the skirt of which
standa the capital, Lat, 0° 1 1"S.

P I E

P I K

581

Pick,r. Up. Canada, which mas into Lake Su
perior, in lon. 86° 4'W.lat 48° 28' N.
• Pickawan/, co. in the central part of Ohio. Pop.
in 1815, 9,260. Chief town, 9iroleville. Picka
'way plsiina, in thia county, lie S. of CircleviUe.
They are 7 milea long and 3 broad, and are very
fertile. Here is a post-office.
Pickaway, t Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto,
7 ra . below CircleviUe, Pop. 1,598.
P ickensviUe, p-t Pendleton co. S. C. on the Sa
luda, 124 ra. W. N. W. Columbia.
Pickering, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 26 m. N. E.
York, 223 N. by W. London. Lon. 0° 4ff W. Lat
54° Iff N. Pop. 715.
Pickering, t. York co. Up. Csmada, on Lake On
tario, E. of 'York.
Pickersgil Cove, harbour in Christmas sound, 5
m. N. N. E. York Minster.
Pickersgil Harbour, port. New Zealand, on theS.
shore of Duaky bay. Lon, 166° IffE, Lat 45 47' S,
Pickersgill Island, amall ial, near tfae S, coaat of
the ialand of Georgia, Lon, 36° 42' W, Lat 54° 47' S,
PicOjial, near the W, coast of Africa,formingone
ofthe group called the Azores, It consists almost
entirely of one mountain rising to the height of
7,000 feet, while its sides are covered with vine
yarda. It yields annually about S,(X)0 pipes of wine.
Piea,orSkrra de Pwa,a raountain range of Spain,
in Eafremadura, which extenda to the fronliera of
New and Old Castile, and the province of Leon.
Picquet Berg, district in Africa, 90 m. N. Cape
Town. Pictou, smaU isl. Nova Scotia, in the atraita of
NorUiumberland, at the S. exfremity of tfae gulf of
St Lawrence, 8 ra. S. St Jofan's ialand, 58 E. Bay
Verte. Lon. 62° Iff W, Lat 45° 46' N.
Pictou, town. See Tinsmouth.
Pick' WaU, a celebrated barrier in England,
raiaed by the Romana againat the incuraions ofthe
Picta and Scots, and of which sorae remains sire
yet visible. It extended across the island, from
the Solway frith, by CarUsle and Newcastle, to
the mouth of the Tyne.
Pie di Luca, t. Italy, in the States of the Church,
13 ra. S. by E. Spoleto, 46 N. by E. Rorae.
Piedmont, the principal province of the conti
nental' states of the king of Sardinia, forming
tfae N. W. portion of Italy, having France on the
W. and Lorabardy on Uie E. Extent, nearly
13,000 aquare miles. It is very fertile, the aoil
conaisting for the raost part of a rich aandy loam,
which, with the aid of extensive irrigation, pro
duces abundsrat crops. The plaina yield wheat,
rye, barley, and maize ; and in the lower grounds
rice is cultivated lo a great extent. The exporta
conaiat of ailk, partly raw and partly manufactur
ed, 'wine, fruit, hides, wool and butter. Pop,
1,750,000, who are aU CathoUcs, with the excep
tion of 20,000 Waldenses,
Piedra, Punta, de, cape on the N, W, coast of
Yucatan, Lon, 91° 10' W, Lat 21° ff N.
Piedra Blanco, isl, offthe coast of New Spain, at
the mouth of the Rio Grande de Santiago, Lon,
106° 17' W, Lat 21° Sff N,
Piedras, Punta de, cape on the S, coast of Cu
ba. Lon, 84° W, Lat, 15° 5ff N,
Pidis-Yervi, lake of Finland, 67 miles long, and
frora 6 to 14 broad. It coraraunicates with the
Lake Orovesi,
•Pienaa, t Tuacany, 46 m, S, Florence,
Pierce's Island, amall isl, N, H, in Piscataqua
harbour. On this ialand ia Fort Washington,
Pierced Islands, See Percee,

Piercy, t, Coos co, N, H, 90 m, N, Concord.
Pop, 211.
Piermont, p-t Grafton co, N. H, on Cbnnecti-
cut river. Pop, 877,
Pierpont, t, Ashtabula co, Ohio, 9 ra, E, Jefferson,
Pierre, t France, in Saone-and-Loire, 20 m, N.
Louhans, 21 N, E, Chalons, Pop, 1,500,
Pierre, Fonts, t, France, in Oiae, 9 m, S. E,
Compeigne, Pop, 1,300,
Pierre d' Oleron, t, France, onthe island of Ole
ron, 6 m, N, W, Oleron, Pop, 3,000,
Pierrefort, t France, in Csratal, 8 ra. E, Auril
lac, Pop, 1,300.
Pierrelatte, t France, in Di'orae, 14 m, S, by
W. Montelimart, 40 S, Valence, Pop, 2,800,
Pierreport, or Pierre pertius,an artificial paaa in
Mount Jura, 8 ra, N. W, Bienne.
Pierrevilk, seigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canadsi, on St, Frsincis river, 10 m, above its
raoutfa, Pietola, V. Ausfrian Italy, the birth-place of
Virgil, 2 m, frora MantuEu
Pietro, a-p, Genoa, 16 m, S, W, Savona, Pop,
1,700, Piefra Mola, t, Italy, in Tuacany, 24 m, N, by
W, Florence,
Pietra Nero, amall place of Naples, in Calabria
Ultra, on tfae sea coast, 12 m. S, W, Nicotera, 22
N, by E, Reggio,
Piefra Santa, t. Tuscany, 6 ra, S, E, Masaa, 24
N, by W, Leghorn,
Piece di Sacco, t. Auatrian Italy, 10 ra, S, E.
Padua. Pop. 6,100.
Pieux, t. Frsince, in La Manche, 9 m. S. W.
Cherburg, 12 W. Valognea, Pop, 1,300,
Pigeon Island, amall ial. in the Eaatern aeas,
near the coast of Canara, Lon. 74'*' E. Lat. 14°^
2'N. Pigeon River, r. Tennessee, which runs into
French Broad river, 34 m. above ita mouth,
and 6 above the mouth of the Nolachucky, The
mouth of Little Pigeon river ia 9 ra, below,
Pigno, t. Piedmont, 9 m, N. E, VintiraigUa, 20
N, E, Nice, Pop, 2,300,
Pignan, t. France, in Herault, 12 m, W, Mont
peUer, Pop, 1,500,
Pignans, t France, in Yar, 12 m, S, E, Brig
noUes, 23 N, E, Toulon, Pop. 2,300,
Pignerol, See Pinerolo,
Pigot, Paint, the N, point at the entrance into
Psisaage canal, in Prince William's sound. Lon .
212° 164' E. Lat 60° 47° N.
Pigpoint, p-v. Ann-Arundel co. Md.
Pigwocket, mt. N. H, in Coos co, lying between
Bartlett an (§ Chathara,
Pike, p-t, Geneaee co, N, Y,
Pike, t. AUeghany co. N. Y.
Pike, CO. Pa. separated from Wayne county.
Pike, CO, Alabama, Pop. 2,618, including 540
slaves. Pike, CO, Missiaaippi, bordering on Louiaiana.
Pop. in 1816, 2,618. Slaves, 640. Chief town,
Holmesville. Pike, t. and cap. Bledsoe co. E, Tennessee, E,
S, E, Murfreesborough,
Pike, CO, Ohio, on both sidea of Scioto river. It
haa Scioto county S. Roaa E. and^, and Highland
W- Pop. in 1816, 2,300. Chieftown, Piketon.
Pike, t Wayne co. Ohio, 10 m. S. W. Wooater,
Pop. in 1819, 625.
Pike, t. Perry co. Ohio, 10 m. S. E. Soraerset
Piite, t Madison co. Ohio, >
Pike, t. Clark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 380.
Pike, CO, Indisuia,

582

P 1 N

PIN

Pike, CO. lUinoia, coraprisea the military boun
ty landa, lying between the lUinoia and the Miasis
sippi, The seat of juatice ia at ColeaviUe,
Pike, CO, Miaaouri,
Pikeland, t. Cheater co. Pa, on the SchuvlkiU,
Pop, 1,001,
Pike Run, t Waahington co. Pa, Pop, 1,693,
Pikesville, p-v, Baltimore co, Md,
Piketon, p-t and cap. Pike co, Ohio, on the Sci
oto, 19 ra, below ChUUcothe.
Pikeville, p-v. Rhea co. Ten,
Pilayay Paspaya, or Cinti, a province of Bue
nos Ayrea, bounded N, by Tomina and Pomabam
ba, E, by' the Chiriguanoa Indiana, and W, and S,
by Porco and Chichaa, Pop, 12,000,
Pilcomayo, i, S, America, in the viceroyalty of
Buenoa Ayres, which risea in the Andes, near Po
tosi, and running S. E, falls into tfae Paraguay by
two mouths below the city of Assumption, sifter a
course of about 900 miles,
Piksgrave, t Salem co. N, J Pop, 1,756,
Pilgram, t Bohemia, 57 ra, S. S, E, Prague, 23
L, Tabor, Pop, 2,500,
Pilgrims, araall isl. Lower Canada, in the St
Lawrence, 103 m. below Quebec.
Pilibeet, t and fortress. Hind, in Delhi, and dis
trict of Bareily, on the E. bank of the Gowrah.
Lon. 79° 45' E. Lat 28° 39' N.
Pilico, r. Poland, which falls into the Vistula a
few railes from Czersk,
Pilica, t. Poland, 28 m, N, by W. Cracow, Pop,
1,900, Pilkalkn, t. East Prussia, 17 m. N, E, Gurabin
nen, Lon. 22° Sff E. Lat 54° 45' N,
Pilkington, t. Eng. in Lancashirej 44 m. S. S,
W. Bury, Pop, 7,353,
Pillor, Cope, on tfae S, E. coastof Van Diemen's
Land. Lon. 148° ff E. Lat. 43° 12' S,
Pillar, Cape, on the N, W, coast of Terra del
Fuego, forming the S, W. point of entrance into
the Straits of Magellan frora the Pacific ocean,
Lon. 76° 40' W, Lat, 52° 45' S,
Pillau, s-p, E, Prussia, at the extremity of a
narrow peninsula, between the Baltic and the
Frische Haff, The town ia open, bul adjoining to
it 18 a regular forfress, considered the key to this
part of Prussia on the sea aide. The harbour,
which aerveaaa tfae port of Konigsberg, is commo
dioua, but has only 12 feet waler, 22 m, AV. S,
W, Konigsberg, Lon, 19° 52' E, Lat, 54° 33' N,
Pop, 3,000,
Pillere, t. Hind, in Golcondah, Lon, 79° 5' E,
Lat 13° 32' N,
Pilnitz, V. Saxony, on the Elbe, 4 ra, E. S. E.
Dresden. Pilsen, a circle in Bohemia, adjoining Bavaria,
Area, 1,600 aquare miles. Pop, nearly 170,000,
Pilsen, the chief town of the above circle, is at
the junction of the Misa and the Radbusa, on the
great road from Nuremburg to Prague, 44 m,
S. Prague, The chief manufacturea are wool
lens, cbttons, and leather. It is fbrtified,Pop, 7,400,
Pilsna, I, Austrian Poland, 60 ra, E, Cracow.
Pop. 1,600,
PUten, t. Russia, in Courland, 20 m, N. W, Gol
dingen, 80 W, by N, Riga.
Pilworo, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, Lon, 74° 25' E,
Lat 25° IffN,
Piment, Port, v. St. Domingo, 8 leagues E, by
S. Tiburon,
Pinagra, t. India, in Baramahal, Lon, 78° 9'
E,Lat. 12° ffN.

Pinang, Pulo.' See Prince of Woks Ishni.'
Pinar, Cape, cape on the N, E, coast of Major
ca, Lon, 3" Iff E.Lat 39° Sff N.
Finos, Point, point on the coast of New Califor.-
nia, Lon, 238° 22' E, Lat 36" Sff N,
Pinckney, t. Lewis co. N, Y, Pop, 439,
Pinckneyville, p-t. and cap. Union district, S, C,
on Broad river, 75 m, N, N, W, Columbia,
Pinckneyville, p-v. Wilkinson co. Miasiasippi,
about 5 m. E, of the Missiaaippi,
Pinczehdy, t Hungary, 35 m, S, Stuhl- Weis-
semberg, Pinczow, t, Poland, on the Nidda, 41 m. N, E,
Cracow, Pop, 1,800.
Pinda, s-p. Congo, in Africa. Lon. 13° 28' S.
Pindus, now caUed Mezzavo, chain of mountains
in the N. of Greece, extending from E. to W, and
separating Thessaly from Albanisi, Part of thia
chain ia ofthe height of 6,000 or 7,000 feet
Pine, t Alleghany co. Pa. Pop. 588.
Pine, I. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 397.
Pine bush, p-v. Ulater co. N. Y.
Pine, Cape, cape on the S. coast of Newfound
land. Lon. 52° 2ff W. Lat 46° 42' N.
Pine Creek, r. Fa. which runs into the W. branch
ofthe Susquehannah, 12 ra, W. Lycoming creek.
Pine flat, p-v. Monroe co. Alabaraa.
Pine Grove, t Berka co. Pa. Pop. 1,290.
Pine Grove Mills, p-v. Centre co. Pa.
Pine Hill, p-v. York district, S. C.
Pine River, r. N. H. which flows into Ossipee
lake. Pine river, r. which rises in Missouri, and flow
ing S. about 200 railea, falls into White river.
Pine River, \. Missouri Territory, which falls
into the Mississippi iu lon. 95° Sff W. lat 46° N,
It is eighty yards wide at its mouth. It corarauni
cates with Uie Lake Sane Sue, or Leech Lake,
Pinega, t. Eu, Russia, 78 ra, E, by S, Archan
gel, Pinerolo, or Pignerol, t. Italy, in Piedraont, on
the Clusone, 22 ra, S, S. W. Turin. Lon, 8° 19'
E, Lat 44° 37' N. Pop. 10,000.
Pines, Pines, or Pinas. See Pinos.
Pines, Island of, isl, in the Pacific ocean,
Lon, 167° Sff E, Lat 22° 3ff S.
Pinevitk, p»v, Charleston district, S, C, 40 m.
from Charleston, Here is an acaderay.
Piney Luxembourg, t. Frsrace, in Aube, 12 m.
N.E, Troyes. Pop. 1,400.
Piney grove, p-v. Southarapton co. Va.
Pinhel, t Portugal, in Beira, 7 m. N. E. Almei
da, and 45 S. E. Lamego. Lon. 6" 44° W. Lat
40° 33' N. It ia a bishop's see. Pop. 1,600.
Pinkefeld, or Pinkafey, t. Hungary, 10 m. W,
Stein-ara- Anger; Pop. 1,700.
Pinnacle Island, ial. ofthe Pacific ocean. Lon,
186°40'E. Lat60°2ffN,
Pinnacle Point, point on the S. E, coast of Al-
ashka. Lon, 198° 5' E, Lat 55° 10' N,
Pinne, t Prussian Poland, 28 m, W, Posen,
Pop, 1,100,
Pinneberg, district of Denmark, inthe duchyof
Holstein, Area, 193 square miles. Pop, 40,000,
Its chief town, Pinneberg, is 8 ra, N, W, Ham
burgh, Pinner, t, Eng. in Middlesex, 3 m, N, W, Har
row on the Hill, Pop. 1,078.
.Ptnos, isl. ofthe AUantic ocean, offthe coastof
Darien, 115 ra, E. S. E. Rio Velo. Lon, 77° Sff
W. Lat. 8° 57' N.
Pinos, isL near the S. coast of Cuba, frora which
it is separated by a channel 16 leagues long, and 6

P I R
¦wide. It is 42 milea long and 34 broad. Lon. 82°
45' W. Lat 21° SffN.
Pinsk, t Ruaaian Lithuania, in Minsk. It is the
see of a bishop of the Greek church. 84 m. E,
Brzeze, 100 S. S. E. Grodno. Lon, 26" 6ff E,
Lat, 50° 56' N,
Pinvekt, t Eu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, 23 m, S,
by W, Nicopolis, 66 N, E. Sophia,
Piolone, or Piokng, t. Franoe, in Vaucluae, 3
m, N, W, Orange, 18 N, Avignori, Pop, 1,700,
Piamba, r. Naples, in the Abruzzo Ultra, which
falls into the Adriatic, in lon, IS" ff E, lat 42"
Sff N,
Piombino, principality of Italy, in Tuscany, be
tween the provinces of Pisa and Sienna. Extent,
190 aquare miles. Pop. 18,000. Annual rev
enue 8,0OOZ.
Piombino, t Italy, cap. ofthe preceding princi
paUty, ia on a roc^ promontory opposite the ial
and of Elba, 40 ra, S, by E, Leghorn, 60 S. W,
Florence. Lon. 10° 31' 2'' E,. Lat, 42' 6ff 27" N,
Pop, 4,000.
Pionsat, t. France, in Puy de Dorae, 26 ra, N,
W, Riora, 30 N, W. Clermont Pop, 1 ,700.
Piantek, t, Poland, on the Baura, 60 ra, W, by
S, Warsaw. Pop. 1,000.
Pioria, lake, lUinois, an expansion of Illinoia
river, 20 railea long and 14 broad, except at Little
Detroit, a atrsiit J of a raile wide. At the fool of
ihe lake atands Fort Clark on tfae W. bank.
Piossasca, t Piedmont, 10 ra. W. S. W. Turin.
Pop. 3,200.
Pipe creek, small r. Ohio, whicfa falla. into Lsdce
Erie in Sandusky bay.
Pipe creek, t. Huron co, Ohio,
Pipemo, t Italy, in the States of the Church, 9
m, N, N. W, Terracina, 38 S. S, W. Rome.
. Pipley, t. Hind, in Bengal, on the E. bank of
the Subanreeka river, about 10 miles from the
sea. Lon, 87" 25' E. Lat 21° 42' N.
Pipley, t. Hind, in Oriaaa, 30 m. S, Cuttack,
Pipkud, t. Hind, in Khandeiah. Lon, 76° 35' E,
Lat 21" 44' N,
Pipriac, t, France, in lUe-and-Vill'dine, 14 m,
N. Redora, 28 S. W, Rennes, Pop. 1,600.
Piqua, p-t, Misuni co, Ohio, on the Great Mi
ami, 130 m,frora its mouth, 8 N, Troy, 69 W, Co
lumbus, Piquica, port of Peru, 85 ra, S, W. Atacames,
Lat. 27° S,
Pira, r. New Grenada, which divides Santa
Martha from Rio del Hacha, and falls into the
Carribean aea, in lat. 11° 18'N,
Pirano, t Austrian Illyria, on a narrow tongue
of land which runa into the sea, 14 ra, S, S, W,
Trieste. Lon. 13° 34' 34" E. Lat. 45° 29' 22'' N.
Pop. 6,200.
Pirauschta. See Philippi.
Pirayu, pariah of Paraguay, 26 m. S. E,.'Vssump-
tion, Lon, 67° Iff W, Lat 25° 29' S,
Pirayx, r. Peru, which enters the Guapay, 54
ra, frora Santa Cruz de la Sierra,
Piremedi. See Argyro Castro.
Pirgo, or Pirgos, t. Eu, Turkey, in Albania, on
the sea coast, 26 m, S,. byE, Durazzo, 28 N, Av
lona. Pirhala, t. Hind, in Lahore, Lon, 7r48'E,
Lat 32° 25' N,
Piribebui, parish of Paraguay, 32 m, S, E.
Assumption, Lon, 67° 4' W, Lat 25° 27' S,
Pirica, r. which riaes in Guiana, and falla into
theComewina, 20 m. before its junction with the
Slirinam.

P I s

583

. PirisHna, or Pristina, t Eu, Turkey, in Ro
mania, It ia the scat of a Greek bishop, 118 m.
E, Ragusa, 64 N, N, W, Uacup. Pop, 10,000,
Piritu, province of New Grenada, bounded E.
by Venezuela, Ita lengtfa of coaat is 70 leagues.
Piritu, t. and cap, of a province in New Gren
ada, 16 ra, from Barcelona, Pop, 1,600,
Piritu, 2 sraall uninfaabited islanda off the coast
of Caraccas, between Cape Unare and Barcelona,
Lon, 66- 2ff W, Lat, 10° 10' N,
Piritz, t. Pomerania, 12 m, S. Stargard.
Pirjatin, t Eu, Ruaaia, in Pultava, 78 ra. E.
Kiev. Pirmosenz, t. Bjivarian province of the Rhine,
IS ra, E, S, E, Deux Ponta, 35 W, Spire, Pop, in
1820, 3,200.
Pima, t. Saxony, on the Elbe, 9 m. S.^. Dres
den* Pop. 3,800.
Pirnitz, or Brtnits, t Austrian statea iu Mora
via, 43 m. W. Brunn, 5 S. S. E. Iglau. Pop.
2,300. Pirra, t Eu. Turkey, in Romania, 33 ra. S. W,
Lariaaa, 40 S, E, Joannina,
Pirusai,,r. Quito, which takea the name of Rio
Blanca, and joins the Guallabamba to form the
river Esmeraldas, in lat, 0° 27' N,
Pisa, city in the grand duchy of Tuscany, on
the Arno, in an extensive and richly cultivated
plain, 'The university of Pisa is one of the oldest
in Italy, and was long a diatinguiahed nuraery of
literature, Il is still accounted the aeat of Tuacan
education. It haa 4 collegea witfa 40 profeaaors.
The fortificationa of Pisa consist of a wall and :i
ditch, together with a castle and a modern citadel.
It is the see of an archbishop. It stands 8 railes
frora the mouth of the river, 13 N, by E, Leghorn,
30 W, Florence, Lon, 10° 24' E. Lat, 43° 4ff N.
Pop. 17,000,
Pisarda, t W, Africa, on the N, bank of the
Gambia, near its mouth, Lon. 13° SO' W, Lat,
13° SffN,
Piscodore Islands, islands in the Pacific ocean,
Lon, 192° Sff to I9S" W,Lat 11° to 11° 20' N,
Piscadores, or Fishers, 2 rocka on the coast of
Peru. Lat 16° 48' S,
Piscadores, rocks near the coast of Peru, 5 m-.
N, N. W, CaUao, Lat, 12° 14' S,
Piscasick, r, N, H, which joina the Lamprey, in
Durfaam. Piscataqua, r. N, H, whicfa riaes in the town of
Wakefield, and running S, S. E, about 40 miles,
falla into , the AUantic below Portsmouth, forming
during its whole course the boundary between
Maine and New-Harapshire. Frora ita source to
the lower fajls at Berwick, it ia called Salraon fall
river ; thence to the junction of the Cocfaeco, a
weatern tributary, it assumes the name of Newich-
awannoc, and tfaence to the ocean it ia called the
Piacataqua, The principal weatern branch is for
med by Swamscol river which comes from Exeter ;-
Winnicot river, wfaicfa comes through Greenland
and Lamprey river, which divides Newmarket
from Durhara, all of wfaicfa raeet in Great bay,
4 railea vride. The water, in its further progress,
ia contracted into a less bay where it receives Oys
ter river from the north, and at length falls into
the Piscatsuiua at Hilton's point The tide rises
into all theae bays and branches as far as the lower
falls in.each river, where convenient trading place?
have been established which have comraunication
with Portsraouth by every tide. From Hilton's
point to the ocean, a distance of 7 miles, the rivei
is So rapid that it never freezes.

584

PIT

Piscataquis, r, Maine, a large W, brsmch Of tJie
Penobscot, which it joins 20 m, above Bangor.
Piscotaquag, r. N. H. which runrE. S. E. and
joins the IMerriraack, in Bedford.
Piseataway, t. Middlesex co. N, J, on the R-ari-
tan, 34 ra, N, E. New Brunswick, 74 S, W, Eliza
bethtown, Pop, 2,475,
Piscotawoy, p-t. Prince George co, Md, on the
Piscatawray, 16 ra, N, Port Tobacco, 18 S, Wash
ington, 67 S, W, by S, Baltimore,
Piseataway, r. Md, which runs into the Potomac,
8 m. below Alexandria,
Piscinolai t, Naplea, near the capital. Pop,
1,700. Pisciotta, t Naplea, in Principato Citra, 19 m,
W, Policaatro, Pop, 2,700,
Pisco, a-p, Peru, witfa a good port. The road is
capacioua enough to hold a roysd navy, 1 18 m, S,
Lima, Lon, 76° 9' W, Lat 13° 46' S,
Piscopia, or Episcopi, t Cyprus, supposed to be
on the aite ofthe ancient Curias, Pop, 700,
Piscapi, small isl, in the Mediterranean, 16 m,
N, W. Rhodes. Lon. 27° ff E, Lat 36" 34' N, Pop,
700, Piseck, t, Bohemia, 53 m, S, by W, Prague,
Pop, 3,900.
Pisgah, in Sac. Geog, a lofty summit of the
Abarim ihountaina, in tfae country of Moab, and
forraing the S, bqjindary of tfae kingdom of Sihon,
Pisig, sraall isl. in the Eastern seas, Lon 125°
l'E,Lat2°2ffN. Pisina. See Milterberg.
Pisogne, t. Austrian Italy, 19 m, N, by W,
Brescia. Pop, 2,000,
Pison, in Sac, Geog, i. wfaich went out from
Eden, and encompassed the land of Havilsdi.
Pisos, t. France, in Landes, 27 ra, N, W, Tar-
taa. Pop, 1,600.
Pistoja, t. Italy in the grsrad 'duchy of Tuscany,
near the Ombrone. 14 m. N. N. W. Florence, 42
S. S. W. Bologna. Lon. 10° Sff E. Lat. 43° 57' N.
Fop. 10,000.
Pistakt, bay at the N. end of Newfoundland,
setting up from the straits of Belleisle, between
Cape Norman and Burnt cape, 3 leaguea apart.
Pisuerga, r. Spain, which laUa into the Duero
near Valladolid.
Pitcaim's Island, ial. in the S. Pacific ocean,
without river or harbour, but with a fertile aoil,
and fine climate. About SO yeara ago it was aet
tled by the rautineera of the EngUah ahip Bounty,
who look with them aeveral Otaheitan women,
and tfaeir deacendanta form a very interesting Jcol-
ony. For a further account of thia singular set
tlement, aee Quarterly Review, vol. 13. Lon.
133° 21' W. Lat 25° 2'S.
Pilcaithly, or Pitkeathly, v. Scotland, in Perth
shire, noted for ita mineral waters.
Pitch landing, t. Hertford co. N. C, on Wicka-
con creek, 25 m, N. W, Edenton, It exports an
nually considerable quantities of tar, turpentine,
and lumber,
Piteschi, tEu, Turkey, in WaUachia, 50 ra, N,
W, Bucharest,
Pithea, a-p, Sweden, in West Bothnia, 1 15 ra, N,
N. E, Uraea, Lat, 65° Iff 30" N, Pop, 800,
Piiheo Lappmark, one of the divisions of Swe
dish Lapland, extending along the river Pithea,
Pithiviers, t. France, in Loiret, 21 m, E, N, E,
Orleans, 23 N; W. Montargis,
Pithom, in Sac, Geog, a town of Egypt, called
afterwards hythe Araba Fayoum,
Pithyusa Isles, a group of islands in the Medi-

P I T
terranean, of which the principal is I-vica, Thef
belong to Spain,
Pitigliano, t Tuscany, 54 m, S. S, E, Sienna-
Pop, 2,000,
Pitkssie, V, Scotland, in Fifeshire, 4 m, W, Cu
par, Piton Point, Great, the S, W, point of the isl
and of St Lucia, in the West Indies,
Pilschen, t. Prusaian States, SO m, E, Breslaw,
10 N, Creutzburg, Pop, 1,200,
Pitt, t. AUegany co. Pa, 4 or 6 m, from Pitts
burg, Pop, 2,441,
Pitt, CO, N, C, Pop, 9,169, including 3,589
alavea, GreenvUle ia the chieftown.
Pitt, Cope, cape on the N. W. coast of America,
in Dixon's Entrance. Lon. 132° Iff W. Lat. 54"
SffN. Pill, Cope, cape on tiie S. coast of New Geor
gia. Lon. 168° 29' E, Lat 8° 5ff S.
PitVs Island, amall isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 193° 14' E. Lat 11" 6ff S.
PitVs Straits, straits which separate the islands
of Salwatty and Battanta, at the W. exfremity of
New Guinea, about SO railes long, and 6 broad.
Pittari, Cope, cape of Italy, on the W. coaat ol
Calabria, in the atraita of Messina. Lon. 15" SffE,
Lat 37° SffN.
PUten, or Putten, t. Austria, 9 m. S. Ebenfurth.
Pop. 1,200-
Pittenweem, a royal burgh, and sea-port, Scot
land, in Fife co. on the N. aide of the frith of Forth.
24 ra. N. E. Edinburgh. Lon. 2° 45' W. Lat 56'
13' N.
Pitti, smaU isl. in the atraita of Malacca. Lon.
101° 29' E. Lat2"N.
Pittsbarough, p-t and cap. Chatham co.N. C. It
contains a court-house, a jail,an academy, and 40
or 50 houses. It fasis sm elevated Emd healthy sit
uation, and is mucfa resorted to from the low coun
try during the summer moutha. 36 m. S. W. Ra
leigh, 54 N. N. W. Fayettevflle.
Pittsburg, t Frontenac co. Up. Canada, on Uie
river St. Lawrence.
Pitkburg, city, and cap. Alleghany co. Pa. is
advantageously situated in a plain, between the
Alleghany srad Monongahela rivers, at the point
wfaere they unite to form the Ohio. By raeana of
Alleghany rivera audita branches, Pittsburg has a
water comraunication with tfae western partof
New- York, and boats can approach •within a few
mfles of Lake Erie. By the Monongahela and a
good turnpike road, it is connected with Balti
raore, and by the Ohio it has an easy intercourse
with the western Stales. It is also connected with
Philadelpfaia by an exceUent turnpike road. These
advantages have raade Pittsburg the centre of a
great comraerce. At the sarae tirae all the coun
try around the city, including eight or nine coun
ties, ia one great bed of fossil coal, and the hills
and banks of the rivers witfain sight of the town,
are full of that mineral. Hence tfae city and its
suburbs are admirably situated for such manufac
turing establishraents sis require the use of large
quantities of fuel. A great msray such establish
ments have accordingly been erected. Here are
8 steam mills ; 5 glaaa-houaes, in which every
kind of glaas, from a porter bottie or window pane,
to the moat elegant cul cryatal glasa ia manufac
tured, to the amount of 200,()00 doUars annually ;
4 air furnaces ; 3 breweries ; numerous flour
mills, potteries, forges, blast fumacea, rolling mills,
aUtting mills, distiUeries, and other raflls and man
ufactories, too numerous to be particularized. The

PI z
amount of merchsuidize which passes through the
city in tfae course of a year, ia estiraated at
,$20,000,000, Pittsburg contains a court-house, jail, na.tional
armory, 4 banka, 4 printing offices, and 8 houses
of public worship. The ground plan of the city is
nearly in the form ofa triangle, at the confluence
ofthe two rivers, suid is now nearly filled with
houses. A suburb has been laid out on the Alle
ghany, caUed the northern Ubertiea, and another
on the Monongsihela, There are 4 other villages,
which are virtually auburba of Pittaburg : AUe
ghany, upon a fine second bottom of Alleghany
river, opposite the city; Lawrenceville, 2 miles
above, and upon the ssime side of the Alleghany
with the city ; Birmingfaam, ou the left bank of
the Monongsihela ; and a street running sJong the
left bank of Monongahela, opposite Pittaburg,
Two bridges connect the city with the opposite;
bsmks ofthe AUeghsuiy and Monongahela, 'Tra'v-
eUers sure almoat always disappointed on entering
thia town ; smd it ia by no means a plesisant place
to a stranger. The conatant volumea of smoke
from the consumption of so much coal in the va
rious raanufactories, fUl tfae air with a. continual
cloud of coal duat Pop. ofthe city and adjacent
villagea estiraated in 1815 at 12,000, 230 ra. W.
N. W. Baltiraore, 297 W. byN. Philadelphia, and
about 2,000 by the course ofthe Ohio and Missis
sippi above New Orleana, in 40° 31' 44" N. lat
and 80° 8' W.lon.
Pittsfield, t. Rockingham co. N. H. 12 m. N. W.
Concord. Pop. 1,050.
Pittsfield, p-t Rutiand co. Vt 31 ra. N. W.
Windaor. Pop. 338.
Pittsfield, p-t. Berkahire co. Maaa, pleaaantiy sit
uated on the Houaatonnuc, 6 ra. N. Lenox, 38 E,
S, E, Albany, 40 W, NorUiampton, 137 W, Bos
ton, It is a flouriahing town, sind containa a bank ;
3 houses of public worship, 2 for Congregational
ists, and I for Methodists ; a printing office, from
which a weekly newspaper is issued ; an acade
my, and seversd manufactories. Pop, 2,665,
Pittsfield, p-t Otsego co, N, Y. IS ra, S, W,
Cooperstown, Pop, 745,
Pittsford, p-t, Rutland co, Vt on Otter creek,
34 m. W. Windsor. Pop. 1,936. Here is a valu
able marble quarry. ^
Pittsford, p-t. Ontairio co. N. Y. on Genesee
river. Pittsgrave, p-t Salem co. N. J. 30 ra. S. Phila
delphia. Pop. 1,991.
Pittstan, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on the E.
side.of tfae Kennebeck, 7 ra. S. Augusta, 160 N. N,
E, Boston, Pop. 1,018,
Pittstan, p-t. Hunterdon co. N, J.
Pittstan, p-t, Luzerne co. Pa, ,
Pittstown, p-t Renaaelaer co, N, Y, 18 ra. N. E.
Albany. Pop. 3,692.
Pittsylvania, co. in the S. part of Virginia, Pop,
17,172, Slavea, 6,312, Chief town, DanviUe,
At the court-house is a post-office,
Piura, cap, ofa province of the sarae narae in
Peru, 25 m, S. S, E, Payta, 208 N, N, W, Truxil
lo, 480 N, N. W. Lima, and 7 from the ocean. Lon,
80" 36' W. Lat 5° 1 1' S, Pop, 7,000,
Piura, r. ofthe above province, which fsdls into
the guU'of Sechura, in lat 5° 32' S,
Piusega, or Piubega, t, Austrian Italy, 12 m,
W, by N. of Mantua, 23 E, by N, Creraona,
Pissighitone, t, Auatrian Italy, on the Adda,, at
itsjunction with the Serio, 11 m. W, by N, Cre
mona, 15 S, E. Lodij 30 S, E, Milsra.
74

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586

Plabemek, t, France, in Firasterre, 7 m, N,
E, Brest, Pop, 3,300,
Placentia, in Italy, See Parma and Piacenza.
Placentia Bay, a apacioua bay oni the S- coast o^
Newfoundland, wfaich forms a good harbour, and
is greatly frequented by ships eraployed in the cod
fiahery, Lon, 54" to 65° Iff W. Lat, 47° to 47°
5ffN, Placentia Lagoon, bay on the coaat of Yucatan,
Lon, 89° 4ff W, Lat, 18° Sff N,
Placer de Abraxes, ial. near the S. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 80° 62' W. Lat. 21° Iff N.
Pfain, t Stark co. Ohio. Pop. iu 1819, 655.
Plain, t, Wayne co, Ohio, 6 ra. W. Wooster.
Pop. in 1819, 385.
Plain, t Franklin co. Ohio, 12 ra. N. E, Colum
bua, Pop. in 1819, 215.
Plain du Nord, t on the N. side of St. Domin
go, 6 leaguea W, by S, Cape Francoia, 13 S, E, by
E, Port de Paix,
Pkmifidd, p-t Waahington co, Vt 8 m, E, Mont
peUer, Pop, 643,
Plairfield, p-t Cheahire co, N. H, on the Con
necticut river, 42 ra, N, W, Concord, Pop.
1,463, In 1813, an academy waa establiahed h,ere,
called the Union academy, in which indigent
young men, designed for the office of clergyraen,
are educated gratuitously in tho studies prepara
tory to a collegial course. It faas a principal and
an assiatant, smd about 100 atudelita,
Plainfield, p-t, Hampsfaire co. Mass, 21 m, W.
Northampton. Pop. 977.
Plainfield, p-t Windham co. Ct on the E, aide
of the Quinebaug. Pop. 1,738. It contains a flour-.
iahing academy.
Plainfield, p-t, Otsego oo, N, Y, 15 m, N, W.
Cooperstown, Pop, 2, 122,
Plainfield, p-t, Essex co, N, J,
Plainfield, t NorthEunpton co. Pa, Pop, 1,439,
Plaisance, t. France, in Gers, on tfae Adour, 80
m, N, W, Mfrand^ Pop, 1,200,
Plaistow, t. Rockingham co, N, H, 22 m, S. W.
Portsmouth. Pop. 424.
Plan, t Bohemia, 73 m. W. Prague. Pop,
1,700. Plan, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 34 m. S.
W. Toulouse, Pop. 900.
Plancy, t, France, in Aube, 9 ra. W. by N. Ar-
cis sur Aube. Pop. 900.
Planian, t. Boheraia, 8 m. W. CoUin, 3 N. N.
E. Kaurzim.
Planies, small isl. of France, near the enfrance
of the harbour of Marseilles. Lon. 5° 14' 7" E. Lat,
Lat 43° II' 54" N.
Planits, t Bohemia, 8 m, E. Klattau. Pop.
900, Plantaganet, t. Prescott co. Up. Canada, on Ot
tawa river.
Plantain Island, small ial, near the coast of W.
Africa. Lon. 12° Iff W. Lat, 7° 54' N,
Plaquemines, psurish, Louisiana, on both aidejS
ofthe Mississippi, at its raouth. Pop, 1,549,
Plaquemines, fort, Louisiana; on the Mississip
pi, 43 ra, below New Orleans,
Pkiquemines, i. Louiaiana, an outlet ofthe Mis
aiaaippi. It leavea the raain atream 1 12 miles aboye
New-Orleana, and unitea with the outlet Atchafa
laya, 15 railea W. of the Miaaiaaippi.
Plasencia, t Spain, in Estremadura, 120 m. W.
by S. Madrid, 52 N. by W, Truxillo, Pop, 4,800,
Plask. See Plonsk.
Plasaey, t, Bengal, in Nuddeah, on the E, bsrojc

SB&

P L A

of Baggarutty or Hoogly river, Lon, 88° 15' E.
Lat 23»45'N,
Plata, Cape, cape in the S, W, of Spain, at the
entrance into the straits of Gibraltar, in the At
lantic, Lon, 5° 5ff W, Lat, 36° 6' N,
Plato, Rio de la, r, S, America, formed by the
union of the Uraguay srad Parana, near lat 34°
S, It is a very broad river, being 150 miles from
Cape St, Maria j on one side of tfae entrance, to
Cape St, Anthony on the other. It continues of
thia width as you ascend the sti-eara, tiU you come
to Montevideo, when it auddenly diminiafaea to 80
mfles, and at Buenos Ayres, whicfa ia WO mfles
fron) its mouth, it is about 30 railes broad. This
¦wide and noble expanae is, notwithatanding its
extent, deforraed by rooks and sand-bsraks, and
rendered of dangeroua navigation not only by its
shoala and shallows, but likewise by the impetu
ous torrents of wind which sweep, at intervala,
over the vast plains of the Parapas, to the S, W.
of Buenos Ayres, See Paraguay, and Parana,
and Uraguay.
Plata, la, or Chuquisaca, city, S, America, in
the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayrea, and cap, of a
province ofthe same name, stands in a small plsiin,
in the neighbourhood of rich ailver minea. It ia
the see of an archbishop, Lon, 66° 46' W, Lat, 19'
3ff S, Pop, 14,000,
Plato, La, or Sebastian del Oro, city. New Gra
nada, 12 m, from the river Magdalena, 46 E, Po
payan, 165 S, S, W, Santa Fe, Lon, 75° 46' W.
Lat 2° 24' N,
Piate, amaU isl, in the gulfof Guaysujuil, near
the coaat of Peru, Lat 1° 12' S.
Plataia, ancient t Greece, in Boeotia, 8 ra, N,
Thebea, Plotamona, t, Theasaly, at its entrance into the
gulf of Salonica, said to occupy the aite of the an
cient Heraclea, 22 m, N, E, Larisaa, Pop,
2,000, Platanal, small ial. in the Spanish Main, near
the coaat of Darien. Lon, 80°4ff W. Lat, 9° 6' N,
Plate, Port de, port on the N, coast of St Domin
go, 22 leagues 'W, Old Csipe Francois,
Platte, Lo, r. VI. which runs into Lake Chara
plain at Shelburn,
Platte, La, or Shoal River, r. N, America,
whicfa rises in the Rocky mountaina, and after an
easterly course of about 1,600 miles, faUs into the
Missouri, 600 miles from the Mississippi, The
current is very rapid,
Platte, Little, r, N, America, which falla into
the Missouri from tfae N, 349 rafles from the Mis
sissippi, Plattekilk, t. Ulster co, N, Y, on the Hudson,
22 m, below Kingston, Pop, 1,936,
Flatten, t Bohemia, 12 m. N. N, E, Carlabad,
Pop, 1,350,
Plattensee. See Balaton.
Platti, small isl, in the Indian sea, Lon, 55° 20'
E, Lat 5° 6ff S,
Plattling, t Bavaria, on ¦the Iser, 1 1 m. N, E,
Landau in Bavaria, Pop, 900,
Plotton, t Jefferson co, Missouri,
Plattsburg, p-t and cap. Clinton co, N, Y, on
the W, side of Lake Champlain, 63 ra, S. of Mon
treal, 1 12 N, WhitehaU. Pop, 3,1 12. Lat. 44° 42'
N, The village is handsomely laid out at the
mouth of Saranao river, and contains a court
house, jail, Presbyterian church, a printing of
fice, and several miUs and atorea, Thia place ia
rendered fainoua by the effectual reaiatance on
the 11th September, 1814, of 2,500 Americans

P L E
under General Macomb, to the Britiah force of
14,000 men under Sir George Provoat In the
bay before the town, at the aame time, the Ameri
can fleet under Commodore M'Donough, carry
ing 86 guns and 820 men, captured the Britiah
fleet under Commodore Downie, carrying 95 guns
and 1,050 men.
Plau, t. Germany, in Schwartzburg-Sonder-
ahausen, on the Gera, 15 ra. S. by W. Erfurt. Pop.
1,000, Plau, t Germany, in Mecklenburg-Sdiwerin,
10 m, S, E. Goldberg- Pop, 900,
Plaue, t. Prusaian Statea, in Brandenburg, 27
m, W. Potadam- Pop, 800,
Plauen, t, Ssixony, with Isu-ge muaUn manufac
turea and cotton printing worte, 75 m. W, S, W-
Dreadcn, Pop, 6,100.
Pleasant, t FrankUn co. Ohio, IS m. S. W. Co
lumbua. Pop. in 1819, 520.
Pleasant, t. Clarke co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819,
675. Pleasant, t Fairfield co. CBiio, N. E. of Lan
caater. Pop, 988,
Pleasant, t Browru co, Ohio. Pop. 1,246. It
contains Ripley, the aeat of jnatice for the county.
Pleasant Grove, p-v. Lunenburg co. Vsu
Pleasant Grove, p-v. Orange co. N. C.
Pleasant Level, p-v. Monroe co. Alabama.
Pleasant River, r. Washington co. Maine, which
runa into the sea between Addison smd Harring
ton. Pleasant Valley, p-v. Dutchess co. N. Y. 7 m. S.
E. Poughkeepsie. Here is sm extensive cotton
factory, 2 churches, 1 for Quakers and 1 for Pres
byterians. It has considerable manutactures. Al
so the narae of a village in Essex co. N. Y.
Pkasant Valla/, p-t. Fairfax co. Va.
Pkasington, t Eng. in Lancashire, 2 m. W. by
S. Blackburn. Pop. 599.
- Pkaux, t. France, iu Cantal, 7 m. N. W. Au-
riUac. Pop. 2,600.
Pkidelsheim, t Wirtemberg, near Ludwigs
burg. Fop. 1,260.
Plein River. See Desplancs.
Pleine Fougere, t Frsrace, in Ille-and- ViUaine.
31 m. N, by E, Rennes, Pop, 2,800,
Peisse, r. Saxony, which falls intothe Saale be
tween Halle and Merseburg,
Plelan, t France, in lUe-and- Vilaine, 23 m, S,
W, Rennea, Pop, 3,100,
Pldknbirg's Bay, bay on the Cape of Good
Hope, 400 m. E, Cape Town,
Plemet, t France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9 ra, S, St.
firieu.x. Pop. 2,400,
Pleneuf, t. Franoe, in Cotes-du-Nord, 13 m. N.
E, St, Brieux, Pop, 1,300,
Plesa, t Eu, Ruaaia, on the Wolga, 16 m. S.
Koatroma, Lon, 41° 14'E, Lat57°lo N,
Pleschen, t Prussian Poland, 17 m, N, N, W.
Kalisch, Pop, 1,900.
Plesovcze, or Pliessocs, t Hungary, 21 m, S.
Neusohl, Lon, 19° 8' 45" E, Lat 48°2ff 15" N,
Plesse, See Josephstadt,
Pksse, t Prussian States, 32 m. E, S, E, Ratis
bon, Pop, 2,300, Plesse, Uie principaUty ofwhich
it is the capital, has an extent of 530 square miles.
Pop, 61,000,
Plessis les Tours, v, France, in Indre-and-Lofre.
Pbp, 1,000,
Pleslin, t, France, in Cotea-du-Nord, 12 m, N,
E, Morlaix, Pop, 3,500,
Pkttenberg, t Prussian States, 13 m, S, S. W.
Arensberg, Pop. 1,300.

P L U

PLY

S8T

, Pteumartin, t France, in La Vienne, 25 m, N,
E, Poitiers. Pop, 1,100,
Pieurtuit, t France, in lUe-and- Vilsiine, 28 m,
N, W, Rennea. Pop. 1,900.
Pleyben, t Frsmce, in Finiaterre, 6 m. N. by E,
Quimper, Pop. 3,700.
Plinlimmon. See Snoicdon.
Plochingen, t. Wirtemberg, at the junction of
the Fils and Neckar, 13 m. E, S, E. Stutgard, Pop,
1,400. Plock, one of the eight palatinatea, into which
the kingdom of Poland was divided by the Russian
government in 1816. Area, 7,400 sq, railes. Pop,
320,000. Pkck, or Platzk, t. Poland, chief place, of the
preceding palatinate, on the Vistula, II ia a bish
op's see, 55 m, W, N, W, Warsaw, Pop, 3,000,
Ploen., t Denmark, in Holatein, 18 m, S, S, E,
Kiel, 22 N. by W. Lubeck. Pop. 2,000.
Ploermel, t. France, in Morbihan, 34 m. W. by
S. Rennea. Pop. 4,600.
Pkeuc, t. Frsmce, in Cotes-du-Nord, 12 m. N,
Loudeac, Pop, 1,100.
Plofdden, or Blaufdd, t Wirtemberg, 17 m, S,
3. E. Mergentheim, Pop, 900,
Plogastd, V. France, in Finisterre, 34 ra. S,
Brest Pop, 800,
Plomb de Cantal. See Cantali
Plambieres, t. France, in Vosges, 14 ra, S, Epi
nal. Pop, 1,000,
Plambieres, t. France, 4 ra, N, E, Dijon, Pop,
1,100. Plane, r. Prussia, in Poraerania, which falls in
to the lake of Daram, near Damm.
PUmsk, t Poland, 35 m, N, N, W. Warsaw,
Pop, 1,500,
Pkuagot, t. France, in Cotea-du-Nord, 9 m, S.
E, Guingara{)»12 W. St Brieux, Pop, 2,100,
Plouarc. See Douarnenez.
Pkuay, t France, in Morbihsm, 12 m, N. L'
Orient Pop, 3,700,
Plouescot, t France, in Finiaterre, 20 m. N. W,
Morlaix. Pop, 2,200,
Plougastel, t. France, in Finiaterre, 7 m, E,
Breat. Pop. 4,000.
Plouhtt, t. France, in Cotes-du-Nord, 14 ra, N,
W, St. Brieux, Pop, 3,100,
Plauha, Pointe du, cape on the N, W, coast of
France, in the EngUah channel, Lon, 2° 48' W,
Lat 48° 41' N.
Plauzec, Pointe de, cape on the N. W. coast of
France, in the Engliah channel, Lon. 2° 52' W,
Lat 48" 35' N.
Plousevede, t France, in Finiaterre, 14 ra, W,
Morlaix, Pop. 2,400.
Pluckemin, p-v. Soraeraet co, N, J,
Pludenz, t. Auatrian Statea, in Tyrol, on the 111,
72 m. W, Inspruck, 44 S. E, Constance,
Plue, La. See Rainy Lake.
Plumartin, t. France, in La Vienne, Pop,
1,200, Plumb, t. Allegany co. Pa, on Turtle creek. Pop,
1,174, Plum Island, on the coast of Massachusetts, be
tween Ipswich and Newburyport, 9 miles long and
1 broad, and separated from the msiin land by a
narrow sound, called Plum Island river, over
whicfa tfaere is a bridge. It conaisla principaUy
of aand blown into heapa, and crowned with bush
es, bearing the beach piura. The island is a fa
vourite resort in auraraer for partiea of pleaaure.
On the N, end are two light-ho'usea, and several
houses have been erected on the island by the Hu

mane Society, and furnished with conveniences
for the relief of distressed mariners.
Plumb Island, isl, at the N, E, end of Long Isl
and, N, Y, and annexed to Southhold, in Suffolk
CO, It contains about 800 acres, and supports 7
families. Plumb gut separates it by a strong cur
rent, j of a rafle wide, from the E, point of South-
hold, Plume, t France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12 m, S,
E, Nerac. Pop, 2,700,
Plumstead, p-t Bucks co. Pa, on the Delaware,
36 m, N, PhUadelphia, Pop, 1,407,
Plymouth, t. Eng, in Devonshire, at the head
of Plymouth sound, whichis formed hythe rivera
Plyra and Tamar, at their confluence with the
sea. The harbour ia very aecure, sufficiently ca
pacious to contain about 2,000 sail of shipping, and
ia altogether one of the finest in the world. It
consists of several divisions, Sutton Pool imme
diately adjoins the town, Catwater harbour is
formed by the estuary of the Plyra, The Hamo-
size is a magnificent basin al the raouth ofthe Ta
mar, fitted with moorings of large iron chains, for
100 saU ofthe line. At the mouth of these har
bours, the great bay of Plymouth sound forms an
excellent roadstead, which is now rendered se
cure by the construction ofthe breakwater across
ita entrance. This work, whicfa has been going
on for years, and is not yet finiahed, is the great
est of the kind ever undertaken in the kingdom.
It consists of a mole, or vast heap of atonea, in the
middle of the sound, stretching across ita entrance,
occupying nearly the half of its width, and leaving
a free psisaage for veaaels both on the E, and W,
shores. The whole expence is estimated at
l,171,100i,; and it was calculated that 2,000,000
tons of stone would be required to fijiish it. The
result has fuUy answered the expectationa of its
projectors. In its present unfinished state, 20O
sail of vessels of every description have here found
shelter, and 25 or SO aaU pf the line may now ride
here at all tiraes, in security. The dock yard of
Plymouth, and the various establishraents connect
ed with il, are perfaaps the finest in the world. 43
m, S. W, Exeter, 216 W. by S, London, Lon, 4° 7'
W, Lat60"23'N, Pop, in 1811, 66,060,
Plymoulh, t Grafton co, N. H, on the W, aide
of the Merrimack, 35 ra, N, Concord. Pop, 937.
The courts of the county are held alternately here
and at HaverhiU.
Plymouth, forraerly Saltosh, t. Windsor co. Vt.
16 m, W. N. W. Windsor, Pop, 834, Here ia a
reraarkable cavern,
Plymouth, CO, Mass, bounded N, by Norfolk co,
E, by the Artlantic, S, by Barnstable co, and Buz
zard's bay, and W, by Bristol co. Pop, 35, 169.
Plymouth, s-p. and cap. Plyraouth co. Masa. aud
the oldest town in New England, is 36 ra. S, S. E.
Boston. It is an extenaive townahip, being about
16 railes long, and 5 broad, and containing more
than 80 square railes. The principal settlement
ia in the N, E, part of the township, and contains
raore than two-thirds of the infaabitants. The
soil near the coast is generally good, but the resi
due of the township ia barren, and, nolwithstaud-
ing its antiquity, is yet a forest The harbor is
apacious but shallow, and ia formed by a long and
narrow neck of land called Salthouse Beach, ex
tending southerly from Marshfield, and terminat
ing at tfae Gurnet Head, and by a araaller beach
within, running in an opposite direction. There
ia a breach in the inner beach which exposes the
shipping, even at the wharves, during an easterly

588

POD

P OI

storm. The araount of shipping in Plymoutii
disfrict, in 1815, was 21,263 tons, of which aeveral
thouaand were eraployed in the codfishery,
Plymouth contains a court-house, jafl, bank,
and 4 houaes of public worship, 3 for Congrega
tionalists, and 1 for Baptists, The first uettlera of
New England landed at thia place on the 22d
of Deceraber 1620, and tfae present inhabitants of
the town are principally descendants of tfae an
cient stock. The rock on which their forefathers
firat Israded WEIS conveyed, in 1774, from the shore
to a aquare in the centre of the town, and the an
niversary of their landing ia atiU celebrated. Pop,
4,228, Lon, 70° Sff W, Lat 41° 58' N,
Plymouth, p-t Litchfield co, Ct 24 m, W,
Hartford, 30 N, New Haven, It contains 3
churchea, 2 for Epiacopalians, and 1 for Congre
gationalists, Pop, 1,882,
Plymouth, t, Chenango co, N, Y, 7 m, N, W,
Norwich, 107 W, Albany, Pop, 1,286.
Plymouth, p-t, Luzerne co, Po, on the Susque
hannah, oppoaite Wilkesbarre, Pop, 785,
Plymouth, t Montgoraery co. Pa. Pop. 895.
Plymouth, p-t, and cap. Washington co. N. C,
on the S, side of the Roanoke, 5 m. above Albe
marle aound, 20 S, Edenton, Amount of ahipping
in 1816, 1,590 tons,
Plymptan, Plympton Earls, or Plympton Mau
rice, t. Eng, in Devonshire, 5 ni, E. Plymouth,
Lon, 4° 2' W, Lat, 50° 23' N, Fop. 715.
Plympton, p-t Plyraouth co. Mass. 10 m. N. W.
Plymoutfa. Pop. 900,
Pa, (an, Podus, Eridanus,) r. Europe, wfaich
traverses the north of Italy from W, to E, It ri
ses in Monte Viso, one of the Cottian Alps, passes
by Turin, and aeparating Austrian Italy from Par»
ma, Modena, and the Statea of the Churcfa, dia
chargea itself by a number of raoutfas into the
Adriatic, about 30 ra. S. Venice,
Pabassoo's Island, small isl, off the N, coast of
NewHoUand, Lon, 136° 27' E. Lat 11° 53}' S,
Pockeso, s-p, Axim, on the Gold coast of Africa,
Pocklington, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 14 m. 6, E,
York, 1 96 N, by W, London, Lon, 0° 46' W, Lat.
53° 55' N. Pop. 1,539.
Poco de Panella, v. Brazil, on the river Capiba
ribe, some miles W. Pernarabuco.
Pocock's Island, isl. in the Eastem seas, Lon.
118° 12' E. Lat 6° 2'S.
Pacock, Point, cape on the E. coast of New
Zealand, 4 m. W. Cape Brett
Pocahontas, t. Chesterfield co. Va. on the N.
side of the Appomatox.
Pocamoke, r. on tfae eastern shore of Maryland,
which runs into the Chesapeak. It is navigable
a few miles,
Pacotaligo, p-v. Beaufort district, S, C. 64 m.
W. S.W.Charleston,
Padenda, v. Asia Minor, althe junction of the
Sihoun with the Adana, 33 m. N. Adana.
Podensae, t. France, on tfae river Gironde, 18
m, S. E. Bourdeaux. Pop, 1,400,
Podgorodkoi, fort, A, Russiai, in Oufa, on the
Oural, 92 ra, E, Orenbourg,
Podgorsa, t. Austrian states, in Galicia, on the
Vistula, ojjposite Cracow, Pop, 4,000,
Padgurzc, or Podgarse, r. Poland, which forms
the boundary between Austrian and Russian Po
land, and falls into the Dniester,
Podichrad, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 31 ra, E,
Prague, Pop 2,400,
Padlachia, one of the eight palatinates of the
new king'-lom of Poland, lying between the Bug

and the Vistula, Area, 5,520 sq, miles. Pop,
438,000, Padluzacs, a tribe of Croats in the South of
Moravia, Podolia, a govemment of Russia, adjacentto the
Austrian province of the Buckowin'e,' Area,
20,400 sq, mfles. Pop, about 1 ,330,000.
Podor, a French factory on (he Senegal, Lon.
14"20' W, Lat 17°1'N,
Poeston Kill, r. N, Y. which runs into the Hud
aon, S, of Troy, Near ita mouth are high falla.
Page, Cape, the N. E, point of Chabaquiddick
island, Mass. Lon, 70° 22' W. Lat, 41°2ff N,
Paggio Bonzi, t Tuacany, 28 m, S, E, Florence,
Poggy, or Nassau Isles, ialanda on the W. coaat
of Suraatra, at the distance of 20 or 30 leagues,
between lat. 2° Iff and 3° Iff S,
PofU, isl. of the Baltic, off the coast of Meok-
lenburg-Sehwerin, nearly opposite Wiamar, Pop.
1,200. PaiUy, t France, in Loiret, 40 ra. S. by E. Or
leans. Pop. 1,200. ,,
Poimel, Pointe de, cape, on the W. coast of
France. Lon. 3° 44' W, Lat 48° 43' N,
Point, t. Northu raberland co. Pa, Pop, 431,
Point aux Pins. See Landguard.
Point Chico, t Arkansaw Territory, on the
Mississippi, at the confluence of Arkanaaw river.
Point Coupee, parish, Louiaiana, on the W. aide
of the Missiaaippi, Pop, 4,539, At the court
house ia a post-office.
Point Coupee, t in the above parish, on the W,
bank of tfae Miaaisaippi, 30 m, above Baton
Rouge. Point de Galle. s-p. on the S. W, point of Cey
lon, The hsirbor is good, and during the season
when the roadstead of Colombo is unssife, ships
frequently wait at Point de Galle, ,tiU thefr car
goes are ready. Lon, 80° 15' E. Lat, 6° N.
Point Gardwar, point of laud which projects
into the bay of Bengal, at the mouth of Godavery
river. Lon. 82° 17' E. Lat 16° 4ff N.
Point Harmar, the name of tfaat part of Ma
rietta in Ohio, which ia on the S. side of the
Muskingum. It contains above 30 houses, a poat-
office, and asteam-miU.
Point Palmiras. See Palmiras.
Point Pedro, t Ceylon, at the N. exfremity of
the island. Lon. 80° 25 E. Lat 9° 52' N.
Point Pleasant, p-t Mason co. Va. on the Ohio,
juat above the confluence of the Kenhawa, 5 m.
N. E. Gallipolia.
Point Pleasant, t Clermont co. Ohio, on Ohio
river, 21 m, S, W, Williamsbuig, Pop, in 1815,
150, Pointe du Lac, La Riviere de la, sraall r. Low
er Canada, whicfa falls into tile St. Law(rence, at
the N. E. exfremity of lake St. Peter,
Pointe duLac, or Thnnoucour, seigniory. Lower
Csmada, in St Maurice co, on the St Lawrence,
8 m. W, Three-Rivers,
Pointe aux Peres, or Father Point, cape, on the
N. shore of the river St Lawrence, 160 ra, below
^Quebec, Pointe aux Trembles, v. Lower Canada, on the
N. bank of the St, Lawrence, 20 m, -dbove Que
bec. Pointy, t, Bengal, on the S, bank ofthe Ganges,
Lon, 87° 26' E. Lat 25° 20' N,
Poire sous la Roche sur Yonne, t. France, in La
Vendee, 42 m, N, W, Fontenay, Pop, 4,200,
Poirino, t. Piedmont, 12 m, S, E, Turin, Pop.
5,000.

POL
Poissons, t France, in Upper Marne, 4 m, E, S,
E. Joinville, 14 S. E. Vasay, Pop, 1,800,
Poissy, t. France, on tiie Seine, 9 m, N, W.
Versailles. Pop. 2,500,
Poitiers, t. France, cap, of La Vienne, It is
celebrated for the victory of Edward tfae Black
Prince, over tfae French, on ISth September
1354. 85 m. S. S, W, Tours, 250 S, W, Paria,
Lon. 0° 2ff E. Lat 46° Sff N, Pop. 21,300.
Poitou, before the revolution, a province of
France, now divided into three departments : La
Vienne, the Deux Sevres, and La Vendee,
Paix, t, France, in Sorame, 17 ra. S. W, .Amiens,
Pop, 1,100.
Pokraw, t Eu. Russia, in Vladimir, 62 m, E,
Moscow, Pola, t, Austrism states, in Isiria, on the gulfof
Venice. It was formerly a considerable city, and
ia still a biahop's aee. Pop, 900, not a tenth of
what it was in the time of tile Roraans, Ils har
bor, however, is excellent, and is sufficient to con
tain a large fleet, 30 m- S. Capo d'lstrisi, 44 S,
Trieste, Lon, 14" S' E, Lat 45" 5' N.
Pola, or Otewhei, one of the Navigator's isl
anda, aeparated from Oyolava by a channel about
4 leagues wide. Lon. 172" 20' W. Lat 13" 52' S.
Poland, formerly a Isu-ge country of Europe,
bounded W. by Germany, E, by Ruaaia, and S, by
Hungary, Walachisi, and Moldavia, Including
Lithusuiia, it contsuns 284,000 square railes, and
15,000,000 inhabitants,— The partition of Poland
between Rusaia, Austria and Pruaaia, took place
at three diatinct epochs, 1772, 1793, and 1795;
and the result of the whole was nearly as follows :
Sq. Miles. Population.
To Austria, - - 64,000 4,800,000
To Prussia, - - 52,000 3,500,000
To Russia, - - 168,000 6,700,000

POL

589

284,000 15,000,000
Al the peace of Tilsit (July 1807,) Bonaparte
stripped Prussia of tfae greatest part of her Polish
possessions. Of these he gave a small portion to
Russia, and erected the reat into a new atate, cal
led the grand ducfay of Warsaw, which he as
signed to the king of Saxony. In 1809, after van
quishing Austria in the field, he compelled her to
cede part of Galicia to Russia, and another part
lo his new grand duchy. But all the arrange
ments of Bonaparte were overturned by the dia-
aafrous campaign of 1812: the Rusaiana re-occu
pied Poland ; and the congress of Vienna, while
it decreed lo Austria and Pi-ussia a partial restitu
tion of their late cessions, confirmed to Russia all
the Polish and Lithuanian provinces acquired be
fore 1795, conferring on her, in addition, the sove
reignly of tfae central provinces, wfaich constitute
the preaent kingdom of Poland, See next article.
Each of the three powera waa enjoined by the
congress to give to its respective portion of Po
land as free a constitution as circumstances should
permit. The following table shows how the territory and
population are at present divided between the
three powers : Sq. Miles. Population.
To Prussia, - - 29,000 1,800,000
To Austria, - - 30,000 3,500,000
Kingdora of Poland, - 47,000 2,800,000
To Rusaia, - - 178,000 6,900,000

284,000 15,000,000
Poland, Kingdom of, the only portion of the

preceding country tfaat still retains officially its
ancient name, comprises tfae chief part of that
which, frora 1807 lo 1813, formed the duchy of
Waraaw, It consists of the central provinces of
Poland, bounded aU along its frontier by the re
spective acquisitions of Russia, Austria, and"
Pruaaia, Area, 47,000 sq. miles. Pop, 2,800,000,
It is divided into the eight palatinates of Cracow,
Sendomir, Kalisch, Lublin, Plock, Masovia, Pod-
lachia, and Augustow. The exports consist of
corn, hemp, flax, cattle, timber, wax, and honey.
— This country, though subject to the asime sove
reign aa Russia, is governed in every respect as a
separate monarchy. The regsd dignity is vested
in the czar, represented by a viceroy, in whom,
and in a cabinet of rainisters, tfae executive gov
ernment resides. All ministers are accountable
to tfae aenate. The senate consists of SO raerabers.
The chamber of repreaentativea consists of 77
deputies from the provincial nobility and gentry,
and of the merabers of the cabinet. The revenue
amounts to 900,000^, sterling. The raflilary force
ia conaiderable, particularly in cavalry. The re
ligion of the majority ia tfae CathoUc. The Pro
testants of different sects are also numerous; and
there are many members of tfae Greek churcfa.
The Jews are computed to forra a seventh of the
whole population,
Poland, Austrian. See Galicia.
Poland, Prussian. See Posen, Grand Duchy of
Poland, Russian. See the governraents of Vol
hynia, Podolia, Kiev, Poltava, and Charkov, in Eu
ropean Russia ; also Lithuania.
Poland, p-t, Cumberland co. Maine, on the W.
side of the Androscoggin, 30 in. N. Portiand, 140
N, N. E, Boston. Pop. 850.
Poland, p-t. TrurabuU co. Ohio, on the Maho
ning, 18 m. E. Warren. Pop. 827. It containa a
forge and furnace, and other mills.
Polar Regions. The regions within the arctic
circle have been rendered interesting from the
recent discoveries effected by the expeditions aent
out by the British government in search of a
north-west passage. The most successful of tfaese
expeditions was that under command of Captain
Parry, who left England in the apring of 1819, and
paaaing througfa Davis' strait into Baffin's bay,
reached the western sfaore of tfaat bay in lat. 74"
al a place which had been named by former voy
agers, Lancaster Sound. Bul instead of a Sovtad,
Capt. Parry ascertained that it waa a strait, lead
ing directly into the long-sought-for Polar Sea.
It extends about 150 miles in a direction due east
and west, the shores bounding it to the nortli anfi
south being nearly parallel, al an average dis
tance of 40 or 50 miles. To the now-ascertained
strait the name of Barrow's Strait was given. In
tfais the water was deep, and clear from ice ; but,
on entering the Polar Sea, the barrier of ice pre
venting further progress westward, Capt Parry
bent fais course in a soutfaerly direction, and en
tered a large Sound or inlet, 25 rafles in breadth.
Having sailed 120 railes down this inlet, the ships
were obstructed by ice, and returned to the west
ern extremity of Barrow's Strait, where the ice
was found broken up to such an extent that they
were enable to proceed westward, and the ships
pursued their course between the parallels of 74°
and 76", passing a number of islands, one ofwhich,
in about 104° W. lon. they named Byam Martin
Island. Proceeding still westward, a very large
island was di>-'overed, extending from lon. 106"
to 114° W, and- from lat, 74° 30' to nearly 76" N.

590

POL

P O M

This ialand was called, in honor of the first lord of
the Admiralty, Melvflle ialand. The polar vrin-
ter now coraraenced, and the shipa anchored in a
harbour on the south aide of this ialand, where
they were imprisoned by the ice during a period
of 310 days. Having sailed again on the 6Ui of
Auguat 1820, they reached the weat extreraity of
MelyUle's island, in lon, 114° W, where, owing to
the immense and impermeable barriers of ice, fur
ther progress became impossible, and the shipa re
turned to England, Under the same enterprising
commander a new expedition has sailed to ex
plore these regiona,
Pgkenigo, t Austrian Itsdy, 23 m, N, Treviao,
Pop, 3,000,
¦Polch, or Polich, t. Prussian province of Uie
Lower Rhine, 17 m, W, Coblentz, Pop, 1,200,
Polder, s-p, on the Gold coast of Africa, in
Agoona, Pak, Cape, point of the N, W, ahore of Prince
of WsJea archipelago, on the N, W, coaat of
America, Lon, 226° 21' W, Lat 66° 3' N,
Poknz, r, Ssixony, which falla into the Elbe, be
low Scfaandau,
Poleschowitz, t, Auatrian states, in Moravisi, 6
m, S, W. Hradiscfa. Pop, 1,500,
Paigar, t Hungary, 33 m, E, Erlau, 32 N, N,
W, Debreczin, Pop, 4,000,
Pali, t, Italy, in tfae Compagna di Rom^ 3 m,
N, Palestrma,
Palicandra, sraall isl, in tfae Grecian archipe
lago, E. of Milo, anciently called Phakgondros.
It is about 20 railea in circuit. Pop, 1,200, chiefly
Greeks, Lon, 24" 59' E. Lat 36" 37' N.
Policastro, t. Naplea, 85 m, S, E, Naplea, Pop,
400, Paliczka, t. Boheraia, 85 ra, E, S, E, Prague,
Pop, 2,300,
Polignac, or Espaks, t France, in Upper
Loire, on the Loire, 6 m, N, Le Puy, Pop. 2,000,
Polignano, t. Naples, in Bari, on the sea coast,
19 ra. E, S. E. Bari, Pop. 6,900.
Poligny, t. France, in Jura, 26 ra. S, S, W, Be
sancon. Pop. 5,400.
Polina, t. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, 16 ra. W, by
N, Berat,
Polits, s-p. Prussia, in Poraerania, 8 m. N, Old
Stettin, Pop, 1,200.
Polits. t Bohemia, 25 m. N.N.E, Konigingratz,
Pop. 1,100.
Palizsy, t. Sicily, in the Val di Mazzara, 18 ra,
S. E. Palermo, Pop, 4,900,
Polio, t. Naples, in the Principato Citra, 4 ra, S,
Cangiano, Pop, 3,500,
PoUacra, Punta de la, cape, on the S, coast of
Spain. Lon. 2° Iff W. Lat 36° 49' N,
Pollardsvilk, p-v, Greenville disfrict, S, C.
Pallc, t Hanover, on the Weser, 20 ra, S. Ha
raeln. Pop. 1,000.
Polknsa, t Piedmont, on the Tanaro, SO m, S,
Turin, Polling, t. Bavaria, 2 m. S, S, W. Weilheim,
Lon, 1 1°"9' E. L-dt, 47" 4ff 17" N, Pop, 900.
Pollockslmws, V. ScoUsmd, in Renfrewahire, 24
m. fr, Glasgow, Pop. 2,000,
Polkor, I, India, in the Csu-natic. Lon, 79" 15'
E, Lat 12" SO'N.
Polna, t Bohemia, 70m,E,S,E. Prague. Pop,
3,800, Polnisch Freystadt. See Rackwits.
Pak, or Pulo, Cape, promontory on the E, coast
flf Sardinia, at the S, extremity of the gulf of
CagUari, Lon. 9° 20',E, Lat 39° ff N.

Polo, one of the Philippine islands, oft' the W,
coast of Luzon, It ia 25 mUes long, by 13 broad.
Lat 15° N.
Palo, isl. in the Pacific ocean, about 50 miles in
circuraference, Lon, 122° 28' E, Lat 14° 55' N.
Pok, small isl, in the Eaatem seaa, near the N,
coaat of Samar, Lon, 1 21° Sff E, Lat 12° 14' N,
Polo, small isl, in the Eastem seas, near the S.
coast of Bool, Lon. 124° 5' E. Lat 9° 4ff N,
Polonne, t. Russia, in Volhynia, 115 m, W.
Kiev, 95 S, E, Luck.
Palaonshah, t Hind, in Hyderabad. Lon, 81°
Iff E, Lat 17° Sff N,
Polotsk, t. Eu. Russia, in Vitepsk, at the con
fluence of the Polota and the Dwina. It is a bish
op's see. Pop. 3,500. 73 m. W. by N. Vitepak.
Poltava, cap. of the government of the same
name, Russia, stands on the river Vorskla, 7S7 m, S,
by E, Petersburg, 459 S, S, W, Moscow, Lon. 34°
14' E. Lat 49° Sff N. Pop, 9,000,
Poltava, province of Russia, between the gov
ernraents of Cherson and Charkov, Area, 16,000
sq, rafles. Pop, about 1,500,000,
Polynesia, a term applied to the numerous isl
ands in the Pacific ocean, east of Australasia and
the Philippine ialsmda, including tfae Sandwich,
the Society, the Marqueaas, srad othera, from lon.
170° to 230° E, and tat 35° N. to 50° S, ; an extent
of 5,100 mflea frora N. to S, by 3,600 frora E,to W,
Polzin, t. Pruasia, in Poraerania, SO ra. E, N, E,
Stargard, 36 S, S, E. Colberg, Pop, 1,700.
Pamabomba, province of Buenos Ayres. Pom
abamba, the capita], is in lon, 64" ff W. lat 19°
55' S,
Pamard, v. Frsrace, in Cote d'Or, 2 ra. S. W.
Beaune. Pop. 1,100.
Pomores, t France, in Landes, 15 ra. S. W. St
Sever. Pop. 1,500.
Pombal, t. Portugal, in Estremadura, 16 m,Ji,
E, Leiria, 21 S, Coimbra, Pop, 3,800,
Pombo. See Pemba.
Pomegue, small ial, France, in the Mediterra
nean, Ships from the Levant, bound for Mar
seilles, perform qusuautine here, Lon, 6° 23' E,
Lat, 43° Iff N,
Pomerania, province of the Prussian statea, ly
ing sdong the S. coast of tfae Baltic, from lon, 12°
2ff to 18° 2' E, and from lat 52° to 54° 44' N,
Area, 12,000 sq. miles. Pop. 670,000, Part of it
forraerly belonged to Sweden ; but Prussia is now
in possession of Uie whole, as weU as of the adja
cent islsmd of Rugen. It is almost entirely a flat
counfry. The exports consist of cora, catUe,
timber, wool, and wax ; also of dried fisfa,
Pomerdia, or Little Pomerania, a disfrict ofthe
Prussian atatea, forraing part of tfae government of
Dantzic. Pamfret, t Windaor co. Vt, 17 m. N, Windsor,
Pop, 1,473,
Pamfret, t Windham co, Ct. on the Quine
baug, 40 ra. N, E, Hartford, 30 W. Providence,
57 S, W, Boston, Pop, 1,905, It contains one of
the largest cotton factories in the State,
Pomfret, p-t Chatauque co, N, Y, on lake Erie,
Pop, 1,342. In this town are the viUages of Dun
kirk and Fredonia,
Pamigliano d'Arco, t, Naples, nesur the capital.
Pop. 4,800,
Pamme, r. Indian^ which runs into the Wa
bash, 170 m, above Vincennes,
Pommerieux, t. France, in Mayenne, 20 m, S.
by W, Laval, Pop, 1,000.
Pammersfdden, v. Ba-varian states, 17 m, S, W,
Bamberg,

PON
Pomona, or Mainland, the largest of the Ork
ney islands, in the raiddle of the group. Extent,
212 sq, rafles, or 135,680 acres.
Pompeii, or Pompeia, ancient city of Italy, at
the foot of Mount Veauvius, which waa buried by
an eruption of that mountain in the year 79, The
volcsraic matter covering Pompeii being UtUe
more than an accumulation of aafaea, about a fourtfa
part of tfae city has been cleared, and aeveral
temples and columns, and numerous ancient build
ings, have been discovered, 14 m, S, E, Naples,
See Herculaneum.
Pompey, p-t Onondaga co, N, Y, 11 m, S, E,
Onondaga, 146 W, Albany, Pop, 5,669, On
Pompey hiU in tfaia town, tfaere if a place csdled by
the Indiana, Bloody hill. Fragments of guns,
brass ketties, and other vestiges ofa civilized peo
ple, have been dug up here, and it ia conjectured
that formerly a party of Spaniarda from the S. W,
penetrated to tfaia spot, and were cut off by the
Indians, Pompey West HUl, p-v, in the above township,
Pompiano, t. Austrian Italy, 11 ra, S, W.
Brescia, Pamponesco, t Austrian Italy, on the Po, 5 ra,
S. E, Sabionetta,
Pamptan, p-t Bergen co, N. J, Pop, 2,060,
Ponarum, t. Indi'», in the Carnatic, Lon. 79°
2ffE. Lat n°2ffN,
Pancin, t France, in Ain, on the river Ain, 13
m, S. E. Bourg. Pop. 2,700,
Pondah, t and celebrated fortress, Hind, in Be
japore, at the foot of tfae Western mountains, or
Ghauts, It commands the most frequented pass
leading from Goa srad Soonda, into the interior,
Lon, 73' Sff E. Lat, 15" 23' N,
Pandi, smaU isl. in the Eastern seas, separated
from tfae E. point of Madura, by a channel a raile
wide. Lon, 1 14° 23' E. Lat. 6° 57' S,
Pondicherry, city on the sea cosist oflndia, in the
Carnatic, and capital of the Frencfa establisfaments
in India, bul ia not considered of much comraercial
or political importance, Lon, 79° 58' E, Lat, 11"
SffN, Pondico, sraall isl, in tfae Grecian Archipelago,
2 m, N, Negropont, Lon, 23° 2ff E, Lat 39"
IffN, Pandimarha, s-p. Hind, in Circars. Lon, 83"
E, Lat 17° 37' N,
Pondong, small isl, in the Eastern seas, near the
S. E, coast of Siao, Lon. 125° Iff E, Lat 2° 4ff N.
Panferrada, t. Spain, in Leon, 23 m, W, Astor
ga, Pop, 2,200,
Ponghau, or Piscadores, a cluater of islands in
the channel of Forraosa, between 23" 10' and 23"
40' N, lat and the westernmost in 119" 27' E,
lon, Pongiraho, small r, Louisiana, T^hich faUs into
Lake Maurspas, 10 ra, W, Madisonville,
Pans, t. France, in Lower Chsu^ente, 15 ra, S.
Saintes. Pop. 3,900.
Pons, or Capons, t. Spain, in Catalonisi, on the
river Segre, 42 m, N, by W, Tarragona,
Ponta Delgado, s-p. and cap. of St. Michael's,
one of the Azoresi Pop. 8,0fK).
Pontac, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 15 m. S.
E.Pau. Pop. 2,300.
Pontaillier, t. France, in Cote d'Or, on the Sa
one, 20 m, E. Dijon, Pop, 1,200,
Pont a Moussan, t, France, in Meurthe, on the
Moselle, 18 m. S, by W, Metz, Pop, 6,800.
Pontarlier, t. France, on the Doubs, not far from
Mount Jura, Being one of the most convenient

PON

591

pasaea to Switzerlsuid, it is guarded by a caatle, sit
uated on an almost inaccessible rock, 40 m, S. E,
Besancon, Pop, 3,900,
Pon/assicue, t, Tuscany, 10 m, E, Florence,
Pop, 900,
Pont Audemeer, t France, in Eure, 25 m. W, by
S, Rouen, Pop, 6,200,
Pontaumur Landogne, t. France, in Puy de
Dome, 20 m, W, Ef . W, Clermont, Pop, 1,200,
Pontcharra, t, France, in Isere, 12 ra, S, E^
Chamberry, Pop, 2,800,
Pontchartroin, t, France, 9 m, W, Versailles,
Pop, 1,300,
Pontchartroin, lake, Louisiana, about 35 miles
long from E, to W, and 25 broad, and generally
frora 12 to 20 feet deep. It coraraunicates wiUi
Lake Borgne on the S, E., with Lake Maurepas on
the N, W. and with the city of New Orleans, by
Bayou St. John, on the S.
Pont Chateau, t, France, in Loire Inferieure, 28
m. N.W. Nantes. Pop, 2,700.
Pont Croix, t. France, in Finisterre, 17 ra. N.W,
Quimper, Pop. 1,100.
Pant de Beau Voisin, t France, in Isere, divi
ded into two parts, the one belonging to the Ssu--
dinian States, the other lo Franoe, 46 ra. E. Ly
ona. Pop. 2,600.
Pont de Ce, t. France, on the Lofre, 3 m. S. by
E. Angera. Fop. 3,000.
Pont de VAin, t. France, in Ain, 12 m. S. by E.
Bourg. Pop. 1,200.
Pont de VArche, t. France, on the Seine, at the
influx of the Eure, 12 ra. S. Rouen, Pop. 1,500.
Pont de Mantevert, t. Frsmce, in Lozere, 9 ra, E.
by N, Florae, Pop, 1,300,
Pant de Remy, I, France on the Somrae, 20 m-.
W, Araiens,
Pant de Sorgues, t. Franoe, in Vaucluae, 6 ra,
N, E. Avignon, Pop. 1,300,
Pont de Voux, t. France, in Ain, 9 ra, S. Ma
con, Pop, 2,800,
Pont de Veyle, t. France, in Burgundy, on the
Veyle, 6 ra. S. E, Macon. Pop. 1,400,
Pont du Chateau, t. France, in Puy de Dome,
on the AUier, 7 ra, E, Clerraont. Pop. 2,900.
Pont du Gard. See Gard, Pont du.
Ponte, t. Piedraont, 13 ra. W. S, W, Ivera, Pop.
3,600, Ponte-carvo, t. Italy, in the States ofthe Church,
50 ra, N, W, Naplea, 60 E, S, E, Rome, R is the
see of a bisfaop. Pop, 5,200,
Ponte de Barca, t Portugal, in Entre Duero e
Minfao, 9 m,N, Brsiga,
Ponte de Lima, t. Portugal in Entre Duero e
Minho, 41 ra. If, Oporto, Pop. 2,000.
Ponte de Massinessa, t. Italy, in the duchy of
Parraa, 28 ra. W. Parma.
Ponte d'Era, t Tuscany, 16 m. E. N. E. Leg,-
hom. Pep. 3,000,
Pont en Rayons, t. France, in Isere, 22 m, S.W-
Grenoble, Pop. 1,300.
Pontefract or Pamfret, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 23
m, S, S, W, York, 177 N, N, W, London, Lon,
1" 1 8' W, Lat, 63" 41' N, Pop, 3,605,
Ponte Nura, t Italy, in the ducfay of Parraa, 7
m, S, E, Piacenza,
Ponteque, or P antique, cape on tfae W. coastof
Mexico, 30 m, N, E. Cape Corrientes,
Ponte Stura, t Sardinian states, in Montferrat,
althe junction of the Stura and tfae Po, 7 m, W,
by N, Casale, Pop. 1,400.
Ponte-Vedro, t. Spain, in Galicia, 14 ra, N, Vi
go. Lon. 8" 14' W, Lat, 42° 34' N. Pop. % ,000,

592

PON

POP

Pantevica, t Austrian Italy, 18 m, S, Brescia.
Pop, 4,700,
Pont Farcy, t France, in Calvados, 34 ra, S,
W, Caen, Pop, 1,000,
Pont Gibaut, v. France, in Puy de Dome, 12
m, W, by N, Clermont, Pop, 700,
Pant Gouin, t. France, on the Eure, 17 m, W,
Chatres. Pop, 1,400,
Pontiac, t, and cap. Oakland co, Michigan
Territory, onthe river Huron of St, Clair, about
25 miles above ita mouth, and 26 W. Detroit
The river ia a beautiful atreara, which, a few miles
above, issuea from a chain of araall lakea, and at
Pontiac is 4 rods wide. Here are erected a saw
mill and a large grist mill, 4 stories high. The
town waa lately laid out, aud aa tfae landa in thia
Territory are now brought into notice, Pontiac
has the prospect of a rapid growtfa,
Ponlian Islands, sraall ialanda in the Mediterra
nean, belonging to the kingdom of Naplea, and sit
uated opposite tfae coast of tfae Terra di Lavoro.
Pontiana, Dutch settlement on the W, coast of
Borneo. Lon, 109° 30' E, Lat, 3" S.
Pontine Marshes, The, an extensive marahy
tract of Itsdy, in the S, part of the Campagna di
Roma, Pontivy, or Bourbon-la-Vilk,^. France, in Mor
bihan, 30 ra, N, E, Lorient Pop, 3,100,
Pont VAbbe, t. France, in Finiaterre, near the
sea, 12 ra, S, W, Quimper, Pop, 3,900,
Pont VEveque, t. France, in Calvadoa, 26 ra.
E. by N. Caen. Pop. 2,500.
Pontic Voye, t. France, near the Loire, 15 ra.
E. Araboiae. Pop. 1,200.
Pontoise, t. France, on tfae Oiae, 20 ra. N. W.
Paris. Pop. 5,200.
Pontons, t. France, in Landes, 7 m. N. E. Dax.
Pop. 900.
Pontop, V. Eng. in Durham, 11 ra. N. W. Dur
ham. '
Pantorson, t. France, in La Manche, 12 ra. S.
W. Avranches, Pop, 1,400,
Pontremoli, I, Tuscany, 40 ra, S. W. Parraa, It
is the see of a biahop. Pop, 2,500,
Pontrieux, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 9 m, N,
W. St Brieux, Pop. 1,100.
Pont St. Esprit, t. France, in Gard, on the right
bank of the Rhone, 38 m. N. E. Nimes. Pop. 4,100.
Pont St. Maixence, t France, in Oiae, on the
river Oiae, 24 ra. E. by S. Beauvsiia, Pop. 2,900.
Pont St. Vincent, t. France, on the Moaelle, 9
m.S. W.Nancy, Pop, 1,100,
Pant sur Seine, t. France, in Aube, on the
Seine, 28 m. N, W, Troyea, Pop, 1,000,
Pant sur Sambre, t. France, dep, of the North,
on the Sarabre, 36 ra, S, E. Douay, Pop, 1,000.
Pont sur Yonne, t. France, on the river Yonne,
30 m, N, by W. Auxerre, Pop, 1,400,
Pant Vallain, t France, in Sarthe, 9 ra. S. Le
Mana, Pop, 1,700,
Pantijpaol, t. Eng. in Monmouth co, on the
Avon, 15 ra, S, W, Monmouth, 146 W, by N.
London, Lon- 3° 1' W, Lat 51° 52' N. Pop.
about 2,000,
Pont y Prydd, v. Eng. in Mcnmonthshire, 10 m,
from Caerphilly.
Panza, or Pontia, small isl, in the Mediterrane
an, belonging to the Pontian group, and opfxisite
to Cape Circello, Its chief trade is in salt. 20 m.
S. by W. Terracina. Lon, 12° 50' E. Lnl. 40"
SffN, Pop. 800.
Pansone, t Sardinian Statea, in Montferrat, 20
m. W. N. W, Genoa, Poo. 2,200.

Poogul, t Hind, in Mooltan, 24 m, N, W, Bika
neer, Poolange, amall ial, in the Eastern aeas, near
tfae coast of Borneo, Lon, 117° 6' E, Lat 3°
2ffN, Paolorum. See Pularum,
Poole, t and seaport, Eng, in Doraetahire, The
harbour is one of the beat in the EngUsh channel
for merchant ahips. The principal buaineaa ia the
Newfoundland fishery, in which about 140 ships
are employed. It sends 2 merabers to parUament
40 ra, W. S, W. Winchester, 105 S. W. London.
Lon. 1° 59' W. Lat 60° 43' N, Pop, 4,816,
Poole's store, p-v, Montgomery co, Md.
Poalesvilk, p-v. Spartsraburg disfrict, S, C.
Pooley, hsunlet, Eng. in Westmoreland, 4 m,
from Penrilfa.
PooUeepore, t Hind, in Oude. Lon. 82° 30' E.
Lat27°2ffN. Poonah, city. Hind, in Bejapore, and capital of
the Msihratta chief called the Peshwsu In 1802,
a treaty of sdliance was formed between the Pesh
wa and the British, which lasted tiU 1817, when
hostilities coraraenced smd the Peshwa was com
pelled to resign his office and retfre upon a pen
sion to Beusu-es. A rival chief waa then placed
upon the throne, who is under the confrol of a
British resident Lon. 74° E. Lat 18° 30' N.
Paonalcha, t Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 89° 45' E.
Lat27°6ffN. Poanamake, sraall district aud t India, in the
Carnatic, 10 m, S. W, Madrass, Lon. 80° 20' E.
Lat 13° S,
Poonor, disfrict and t Hind, in Berar. Lon,
78° IffE. Lat 20° 9' N,
Poondy, s-p. Hind, in Circars. Lon. 84° 27' E,
Lat 18°4ffN,
Paopaorao, amall isl, in the Esisteru seas, near
the N, E. coast of Borneo, Lon, 117° 54' E, Lat
6" Iff N,
Paorbunder, s-p. and fort. Hind, in Gujerat
Lon. 69° 50' E. Lat 21° 37' N.
Poor Knights, ialands in the Pacific ocean, near
the N. E. coaat of New Zealand, Lon, 174° 42'
E. Lat 35" SffS,
Pooraa/i, r. Hind, which falls into tfaeTuptce,
20 ra. below Boorlianpore,
Poarunder, or Poorundah, t and fort. Hind, in
Bejapore, 17 m, from Poonah. Lon. 74° 6' E. Lat.
18° Iff N.
Poorwah, t. Hind, iu Oude. Lon. 80°44'E.
Lat 26° 2ff N.
Pooshaw, lake, Hancock co. Maine, 9 miles long
and 4 broad. It communicatea by an ouUet 15
miles long, with the Penobscot, on Uie W, side,
opposite Marsh island,
Pooshkur, or Phokur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer, with
a temple dedicated to Brahma, 4 m, from the
city of Ajmeer.
Poole des Nids, t. France, in Mayenne, 26 m.
N, E, Mayenne. Pop. 2,800.
Paotellam, t. ou the VV. cosist of Ceylon. Lon.
79" 51' E. Lat 8" 5'N.
Pootoopaotooa, one of the smaller Friendly isl
ands, 18 ra, N. Annamooka.
Poovaloor, t India, in the. Carnatic, Lon, 79°
15' E.Lat 11° ffN,
Popayan, a province and government of New
Grenada, in S, America, bounded N, by the Lla
nos de Neiva, W, by Choco Erad the Pacific, E, by
Quixos, and S, by Atacames.
Popayan, cap. of the above province, on an ex
tensive plain, 5,905 feet above the level ofthe sea.

P O R

P O R

593

m the immediate vicinity of the great volcanoes of
Purace and Sotara, It is the seat of the royal
mint, 195 m, S. S, W, Santa Fe, Lon, 76° 31' W,
Lat 2° 2ff N. Pop. 25,000,
Pope, CO. Illinois, on the Ohio. Pop. in 1818,
1,976. Chief towns, Golconda smd Constantia.
Paper, r. Austrian Poland, which faUs into the
Vistula nesir Uyscie.
Poperingen, t. Netherlanda, in West Flanders,
26 m, S, by W, Ostend, Pop. 9,000,
Poplar, hamlet, Eng, in Middlesex, 4i m. E. by
S. St Paul's cathedral, London. Pop. 7,708.
Poplar Grove, p-v. Newbury district, S. C.
Poplar Island, isl, in Chesapeake bay, belong
ing to Talbot CO. Md, It is about 10 miles in cir
cumference. Poplar ridge, p-v. Cayuga co, N, Y,
Poplar Springs, p-v. Ann Arundel co. Md. 27
m. W. Baltimore.
Poplar Town, or TVap, p-t. Worceater co. Md.
Poplin, p-t Rockingham co. N. H. 19 m. W.
Portsraouth. Pop. 462.
Popa, a country on the Slave cosist of Africa,
about 24 milea in extent,
Popo, isl, in the Eaatern aeas, 50 railea in cir
cumference. Lon. 130° 0' 16" E. Lat 19" 14' S,
Papjpi, t Tuscany, on the Amo, 25 m, E, S. E,
Florence. Pop. 1,800.
Poprad, I. Austrian empfre, which risea in the
Carpathian mountaina, passes by Kesmark and
Deutscheudorf, in Hungary, enters Galicia, and
falla into the Dunajetz.
Porco, s-p. India, in Travancore. Lon. 76° 24'
E. Lat9°2ffN.
Parchov, t Eu. Russia, 59 ra. E. by S. Pskov.
Pop. 1,200.
Porcho, province of Buenos Ayres, on the W.
of Potosi. Pop. 22,000. Porco, or Talavera de
Puna, the capital, is in lon. 67° 56' W. Ial. 1 9° 40' S,
Porcas, or Puercos, isl, off the coast of Brazil,
Lat 24° S,
PoTcuna, t Spain, in Andalusia, 20 m. W, N,
W. Jsien,
Porcupine River, r. Missouri Territory, wfaich
falls into tfae Misaouri frora the N, It ia 1 12 yarda
wide at its raouth.
Porcupine River, r. North-west Territory,
which runs into Lake Superior, in lon, 88° W,
lat 47° N,
Pordenone, or Portenaa, t. Auatrian Italy, 24 m,
W, S, W. Udina. Pop, 1,800.
Pore, San Joseph de, city. New Granada, 133
m. N. E. Santa Fe, 8*2 S. Pamplona. Lon. 72° 13'
W. Lat 5° 40' N. Pop. 500.
Porentrui, or Brundrut, t Switz, in Beme, 26
m. E. S. E, Bale, Pop, 2,100.
Paretschje, t Eu, Rusaia, in Sraolenako, 40 ra,
N, N. W, Sraolenako, • Pop, 2,300.
Pari, small isl, in the Mediterranean, belonging
to the Ionian repubUc, 20 m. S. E. Cerigo, SO N.
E. Candisi.
Porlock, or Portkck, s-p. Eng. in Somersetshire,
onthe S. shore of the Briatol channel, 14 ra, N, by
W, Dalverton, 167 W. London, Pop, 633.
Pomic, a-p. France, in Loire Inferieure, on the
aea coaat, 27 m. W. by S. Nantea. Pop. 1,000.
Poro, amall isl. among the Philippines, near the
W. coaat of Leyta. Lon. 124° 2ff E. Lat 10°
35' N.
Poro Isle, isl, off the S, W, coaat of Sumatra,
33 miles long, by 8 broad, Lon, 29° 15' E, Lat
2°12'S, .
Pormushir, the second of the Kurile islands, in
15

the Pacific ocean, 44 miles long, and 12 broad,
Lon, 156° 14' E, Lat 51° SffN,
Paros, (an, Sphmria,) small isl, Greece, in the
gulfof Egina, separated from the coast of ArgoUs
by a very narrow channel.
Porpoise, Cape, cape on the coast of York co,
Maine, 7 leaguea N. by E. Cape Neddock, and 5
S. W, Wood island. Lon, 70° 23' W, Lat, 43°
22'N, Porpoise, Cape, cape on the coast of Patagonia,
in the straits of Magellan. Lon, 71° 6ff W. Lat
62°5ffS. Parquerolles, See Porte Cross,
Porrudas, Rio de, or St. Lourenca, r, Brazil,
which falls into the Paraguay, 26 leagues below
the Cuiaba,
Porsdon, or Porselouc, t. Siam, on a river which
flowa into the gulf of Siam, Lon. 99° 4ffE, Lat
17" 4ff N.
Port Addi. See Portendick.
Port Althorp, harbour on the N, W, coast of
King George the Third's archipelago, between
Point Lucan and Point Lavinia. Lon. 223" 66' E.
Lat. 58° 1 I'N.
Port Anna Maria, bay or harbour on the S.
coast of Sir Henry Martin's island, in the Pacific
ocean, 7 ra. W. Point Martin. Lon. 139° 39'' W.
Lat 8° SO'S.
Port Antonio, harbour on the N. E, coastof Ja
maica, Lon, 76°ffW, Lat 18° ffN.
Port Bail, t. France, in La Manche, 20 ra. S.
Cherbourg. Pop. 800,
Port Barwell, a harbour on the N. W, coast of
America, Lon, 149° 4ff W, Lat 69° 40' N,
Part Blanc, or'Addi, harbour in the Red sea,
on the coast of Egypt, 25 ra, S, S. E. Cosseir,
Part Charles, harbour on the E, coaat of New
Zealand, 6 ra, E, Cape Colville,
Part Clarke, harbour on the W. side of Chris-
tian'a sound, on the coast of Terra del Fuego, 4
ra, N. N, E, York Minster,
Port Cox, bay ou the N. W, coast of America,
60 m. S. E. Nootta aound.
Port Dalrympk, harbour on the N, coaat of Van
Dieraan's Land,
Part Daniel, harbour in Chaleur bay, Lon. 65°
W, Lat 48° IffN,
Port Dauphin, bay on the E. coast ofthe island
of Cape Breton, Lon, 60° 2ff W, Lat 46" 20' N.
Port Deposit, p-t, Cecil co. Md.
Port Dick, harbour on tfae N. W, coast of Amer
ica. Lon. 209°4ffE, Lat 59" IffN.
Part Discovery, harbour on the N. W. coast of
America, in tiie gulf Georgia. The entrance is
in lon, 237° 2ff E, lat, 48° 7' N,
Port Dundas, v. Scotland, in Lanarkshire, one
mile from Glasgow,
Port Egmofit, a port on the N, W, coast of Falk
land's islands. Lon, 55° W, Lat 51° 27' S.
Port Elisabeth. See Elisabeth's boy.
Port Elizabeth, p-t, Cumberland co. N, J, on
a branch ofthe river Maurice,
Part Essington, harbour of the Pacific ocean, on
the coast of New CornwaU, Lon, 230° 12' E, Lat
64° 14' N,
Port Etches, bay on the S, W, of Hinchinbrook
island, at the entrance of Prince WiUiam's sound,
Lon, 213° 56' E, Lat 60° 21' N.
Port Francois, bay on the N. W, coaat of Amer
ica. Lon^ 137° IffW, Lat 58° 37' N,
Port Frederick, harbour on the N, aide of King
George the Third's arohip^ago. Lon. 394° 49' E
Lat, 58° 12'N.

§94

P O R

Port Galeres, port on the S, coast of the island of
Samos. Lon, 26° 54' W, Lat 37° 44' N,
Port Gardner, harbour on the E, coast of Whid-
by's island, in the gulf of Georgia, Lon, 237° 47'
E, Lat 48° 2'N,
Part Genesee. See Charktte.
Port Gibson, p-t, and cap, Clairborne co, Mis
siaaippi, 45 m, N, Natchez,
Part Glasgow, p-v. Seneca co. N, Y.
Port Gore, bay on the N. W, coaat of America,
Lon,150°2ffW, Lat 59° Iff N,
Port Hannah, bay on the N, W, coast of Araer-
ica^ 40 m, S, E, Nootka sound.
Port Hawkesbury, bay on the N, W, coast of
America, at the entrance into the straits of Juan
deFuca, Lon, 124°4ffW, Lat 48" 36' N,
Port Herbert, bay ou the S, coast of Nova Sco
tia, Lon, 64° 55' W, Lat 43" Sff N,
Port Hood, bay on the W, coaat of Cape Bre
ton, Lon, 61" IffW, Lat 46" N.
Pert Jackson, a bay and Engliah settlement on
the E, coaat of New Holland, 9 m, N, of Botsiny
Bay. The entrance ia between two faeada, which
are dfetanl from each other one mile and three
quarters, Lon. of Cattie point, 151" 11' 49" E.
]Lat, 33° 51' 43" S,
Port Lawrence, t. Monroe co, Michigan Terri
tory, at the W, end of Lake Erie, on Maumee bay,
65 m, S, Detroit, 148 N, W, Columbua. It has a
good harbour, witfa sufficient deptfa of water for
vessels that navigate tfae lake, smd it will proba
bly becorae a place of importance.
Port Lawrence, I. Tompkins co. N, Y,
Pari Louis, CEilled during tfae revolution Port
de la Liberie, s-p. Franoe, in Morbihan, 4 m. S,
by E, L'Orient Lon, 3° 21' 14" E. Lat, 47" 42'
47'' N, Pop, 2,700,
Por(LoMis,s-p, capital of the island of Mauritius,
or the Iale of France, in the Indian Sea, once the
chief aettlemeul of the Frencfa in this part of the
world, and the rendezvous of tfae vessels witfa
which they infested the British trade. Il is on the
W. side ofthe island. In 1817, il waa almost en
tirely burnt to the ground ; but haa aince been re
built Lon, 57" 32' E. Lat 20° Iff S,
Part Louis, a-p. on the W. coast of the island of
Gaudaloupe. Lon. 61° Sff W, Lat 16" Sff N.
Port Macquarrie, inlet on the E, coast of New
Holland, Lon, 152" SffE, Lat3r2ffS,
Porf Mahon, s-p. of the island of Minorca. Tho
hEirbour has aorae shoals at the entrance, but in
the inaide is one ofthe safest and moat convenient
in the Mediterranean, with aufficient depth and
extent to hold a fleet of shipa of war. Lon. 4° 5'
E. Lat 36" 17'N.
Port Maurice, bay on the S. E. coast of Terra
del Fuego. Lon, 66° Iff W, Lat, 54° 44' N,
Port Morant, bay on the S, cosist of Jaraaica.
Lon. 76° 2' W, Lat. 17° 54' N.
Port Mulgrave, or Admiralty Boy, harbour on
the N. W, coaat of America, forraed by small isl
ands on the E, aide of Behring'a Bay, near the
entrance, Lon. 220° 35' E, Lat 59° 34' N,
Port Nemle, bay in Johnatoiie's straits, on the
N, W, coast of Araerica, LOn, 234° E, Lat 50°
31' N,
Port Orcliard, bay within Admiralty inlet, Lon,
237° SffE, Lat 47° 39' N,
Port Paix, t, Hiapaniola, on the N, sliore, Lon,
73" 12' W. Lat, 19° 55' N,
Part Palliser, harbour on the N, E, eoast of
Kerguelen's Laud, Lon, 60° 37' E. Lai 49°
3'S,

P O R
Port Patrick, t Scblland, in Wigtonshii-e, on
the coast of the Irish sea, being the nearest point
of Great Britain to Ireland, 75 m, W, Dumfries,
Port Penn, v. Newcastle co, Del, oppoaite
Reedy island, 50 ra, below Pluladelphia. See
Reedy Island.
Port Plate, harbour on tfae N, coast of Hiapan
iola, Lon,7l°2ffW, Latl9°4ffN,
Port Praslin, bay on the N, coast of New Geor
gia. Lon. 154°6ffE. Lat7°2ffS.
Port au Prince, a-p. Hiapaniolsi, on the W.
coaat In 1770, great part of the town was de.
slroyed by an earthquake. The aituation is low
and marshy, and the climate in consequence very-
unhealthy. It is surrounded by faiUs, which com-
rasmd the town and harbour; to the east is the
noble plain of Cul de Sac, extending from 30 to
40 miles in length, by 9 in breadth. Pop. in 1790,
15,000. Lon, 73° 10' W, Lat 18° Sff N,
Part Raeoir, a harbour on the S. W, coaat of
Nova Scotia,
Port Republic, p-t, Rockingham co, Va, on the
S, brancfa of the Shensmdoah.
Port Resolution, hsirbour on the N, side of Tan
na ialand, one of the New Hebrides, Lon, 169"
45 E, Lat 19" 32' S.
Part Roseway, bay in the S, E. of Nova Scotia,
on which ia tfae town of Sfaelburae, Lon, 65° 13'
W, Lat43"4ffN,
Port Royal, or Porta Escondeda, smaU isl, and
harbour in the bay of Csunpeachy, nesu' the coast
of Yucatan, Lon. 92" 36' W. Lat 18° 22' N.
Port Royal, s-p. Jamaica, on the S. side of the
island, iu whicfa a thousEmd sail of sfaips could an
chor with tfae greatest convenience and safety. It
once contained 2,000 houses ; but, in June 1692,
a dreadful earthqusJfe buried nine-tenths of if
eigfat fathoms under waler. They, however, re
built the town ; but, about ten years after, it was
laid in ashes by a terrible fire, aud in 1722, one of
tfae most dreadful hurricanes ever known reduced
it a third tirae to a heap of rubbish. Though once
a place ofthe greatest wealth smd importance in
the West Indies, it is now reduced to three sfreets,
a few lanes, and about 200 houses. It atiU con
taina, however, the royal navy-yard, the navy
hoapital, .and barracka for a regiment of aoldiers.
The fortific-atioiis are kept in excellent order, and
are remarkably afrong. 20 m, S,W, Kingston,
Lon, 77° W, Lat 17° SffN.
Port Royal, p-t Caroline co, Va, on the S, side
of the Rappahannock, It is regularly Isiid out,
and contains about ISO houses, Rappahannock
academy is situated about 2 mUes W, of thetown,
and has about 60 students, 22 m, S, E, Frede
ricksburg, 80 fr, Washington,
Porf Royal, p-t, Montgomery co, Tennessee,
Port Royal, t. Dearborn co, Indiana, on Lough
erty's creek, 7 m, above its raouth.
Port Royal, s-p, of Martinico, Lon, 61° ff W,
Lat 1 4" 38' N,
Part Royal Island, isl, near the coast of S, Car
olina, about 11 miles long, and 1 -wide, on which
is Beaufort, Port St. Julian, harbour on the E, coast of Pat
agonia, Lon, 68° 44' W, Lat 49° Iff S,
Port St. Marie, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne,
on the Garonne, 70 m, S, E, Bourdeaux, Pop,
3,700, Port St. Mary's, (in Spain), See Puerto de
Santa Marie.
Port Salut, s-p, on the S, coast of Hispaniola, 16
ra, S, W. Les Cayes,

P O R

P O R

595

Port Sandwich, a harbour of the island of Mal
licoUo, in the South Pacific ocean, Lon, 167° 67'
E, L'At, 16° 25' S,
Part Scrivan, harbour on the coast of Darien,
good and secure when vessela are got in, but with
a dangeroua enfrance.
Port Seitan, port on the N. coast of the island
•of Samos, Lon. 26" 40' E. Lat, 37" 49' N,
Port-sur-Saone, t. France, in Upper Saone, 6
(n. N, W, Vesoul. Pop, 1,900,
Port Snettisham, harbour on the N, W, coast of
-America, in Stephen's Passage, between Point
Styleman, aud Point Hanmer,
Part Stephens, bay on the E, coast of New Hol
land, Lon. 207" 5 1' W. Lat, 32" 40' S,
Port Stephens, harbour on the S, coast of Pitt's
archipelago, in the Paciflc ocean, Lon. 230" 21'
E. Lat33°2ffN.
Port Stewart, harbour on the N. W. coaat of
America. Lon. 228° 4' E. Lat 66" 38' N.
Porf Susan, harbour on the N. W. coast of
America, in the gulf of Georgia. Lon. 237" 65' E,
Lat 48" 6' N,
Port Tobacco, p-t and cap, Charles co. Md, on
a amall river of the aame name, which runs into
the Potomac, 4 rafles below, at Thomas's Point
H contains an Episcopsd cfaurch, a warehouse for
the inspection of Tobacco, and about 80 houses.
In the vicinity are the celebrated cold waters of
Mount Misery, 62 ra, S, S, W, Annapolis, 34 fr,
•Washington. Port Townshend, harbour in the gulf of Geor
gia, on tfae N,W, coast of Araerica, Lon. 237° 31'
E, Lat 48" 3' N,
Port Vendre, t. France, in Esistern Pyrenees, on
a large gulf of the Mediterranean, 20 ra, S. E,
PerpiguEui, Pop, 2,100,
Port Wells, harbour of Prince William's sound,
ou the N. W. coast of America, Lat 60" 59' N,
Port WiUiam, p-t. and cap, Gallatin co, Ken
tucky, at the conflux of Kentucky river with the
Ohio, 37 m. N. Frankfort Pop, 120.
Port Yarrach, harbour of Scotland, on the W,
side of Wigton bay, Lon, 4" 24' W, Lat, 54°
49' N,
Portacamaro, t Piedmont, 25 m, E, S. E, Turin.
Pop, 1,000,
Portadown, t Ireland, in Armagh, 69 ra. N. N.
W. Dublin, 16 N. Newry.
Partof erry, t. Ireland, in Down co, al the en
trance of Strangford loch, opposite Strangford, 80i
m. N, N. E, Dublin.
Portage, co, in the N, E, part of Ohio, on Cu
yahoga river. Pop, 2,995, Cliief town, Ra
venna. Portage, t Portage co, Ohio, 16 m, S, W, Ra
venna, Portage, or Carrying River, r, Ohio, which
runa into Lake Erie, 15 m. W, of Sandusky,
Portage des Sioux, t St Charlea co, Missouri,
on the 'W, bank of the Mississippi, 6 ra, above the
Misaouri, 24 N, St, Louis,
Portage, Point, on the E, coast of New Bruns
wick, forming the N, limit of Miramichi bay.
Portal di SL Luis, t, Brazil, in Coyaa, on the
river Tocantin, 220 m, N, N, E, VUlaboa, Lat
13° SO'S,
Portalegre, t. Portugal, in Alentejo, 96 m, E, by
N, Lisbon, Pop, 5,600, It is the see of a bishop,
P.ortaria, t. Greece, ih Magnesia, 25 m, E; Phar
salia,. 42 S, E, Larisaa,
Portarlington, t. Ireland on the river Barrow,
partly in King's co, and parUy in Queen's co. 31

m.N. Kflkeuny, 36 S, W, DubUn, Ldn, 7° 13' W.
Lat, 53° 9' N, >
Portchester, v. Eng, in Southampton co, on the
N, aide of Portamouth frarbour, 4 m, N, of Ports
raouth, Porte Cros, araall ial, of France, belonging to
the Hierea group, '
Ported, t, Portugal, in Alentejo, 13 m. N. N, W. ,
Mourao. Pop, 1,800,
Portendick, caUed by the Portugueae Porto
d'Addi, a-p. W, Africa, onthe coaat of the Sahara,
120 ra. N. from the mouth of the Senegal. Lat 18°
6'N. Porteole, t. Austrian states, 17 ra. S. by E.
Trieste. Pop. 2,200.
Porter, t Oxford oa Maine, 34 m. S. W. Paria.
Pop. 292.
Porter, t. Niagara co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario,
N. of Buffalo.
Porter, t. Scioto co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 6 m.
above Portamouth.
Partete, harbour in the Carribbean aea, on
the coaat of Caraccaa. Lon. 71° 16' W. Lat.
12" N.
Partete, a-p. New Granada, 6 leagues E. Cape
la Vela.
Portesso, t Auatrian Italy, on tfae N. bank ofthe
lake of Lugano, 15 ra, N, Como,
Portici, t Naplea, in the Terra di Lavoro, on
the sea side, at the foot of mount Veaiivius, Be
low the town of Portici Ilea buried the ancient city
of Herculaneum, 4 ra. E, of Naplea, , Pop, S,2f)0.
Portland Isle, ial, or rather peninsula, Eng, in
Dorsetshire, in the English channel, opposite
Weymouth, It consists nearly of one continued
mass of freestone, of whicfa vast quantities are ex
ported to the mefropolis and otfaer placea, Port-
Israd castle is of great atrength, and completely
commands Weymouth road, 3 m. S, Weymouth,
133 S. W, London. Pop. 2,079.
Portland, t. Frontenac co. Up. Canada.
Portland, p-t and port of entry, Cumberland
CO. Maine, and capital of the state, ia on a penin
aula in Caaco Bay, 54 ra. N. N. E. Portaraouth, 118
N. N. E. Boston. The harbour is safe, easy of ac
cess, and seldora frozen over, but ia not large, aud
requires considerable fortifications for its protec
tion. A light-houae waa erected in 1790, on a
point of land called PorUand Head, at the entrance
of the harbour. It ia a stone edifice, 72 feet high.
The town ia defended by Porta Preble and Scam-
mel, on oppoaite sides ofthe ship channel, and by
Fort Burrow's at the east end ofthe town. Port
land is by far the most considerable town of the
slate in popiilation, wealth, and coramerce. It is
connected with an extensive and growing back
country, and exports lumber, beef, and fiah in large
quantities. In 18 15, it was the eighth town in the
tJ. Statea in amount of ahipping, the number of
tons being 30,411. Portland contains an elegant
court-house, an alms-house, 2 bsmks, an insurance
office, and 8 houses for public worship, 3 for Con
gregationalists, 2 for Baptiata, 1 for Episcopaliana,
1 for Methodislsi and 1 for Frienda. The town
waa formerly included in Falmouth, and in 1775,
the principal part of it waa burnt by the British.
Top, in 1810, 7,169; in 1820, 8,531,
Portland, p-t. Chatauque co, N.Y, on Lake Erie,
9 m. frora the head of Chatauque lake,
' P'arlland, t, Jefferson co. Ken, on the Ohio, im
raediately below Louisville, It was laid out partly
in 1814, and partly in 1817,
Portland hlands, smaU islands in the E, Indian

596

P O R

P O R

ocean, W, of New Hanover, Lon, 147° 18' 45" E.
Lat 2° Sff S,
Portland Island, isl, near the E, ooast of New
Zealand, Lon, 178° 12' E, Lat, 39° 25' S.
Portland Island, one of the Queen Charlotte's
islands, Lon, 164° 15' E, Lat 10° 43' S,
Portland Canal, inlet on the N, W, coast of
America. Lon. of ita entrance, 229° 421 E. Lat
64° 42' N.
Portland Creek, amall bay on the W. coast of
Newfoundland, 25 ra. S. Pont Rich,
Portland Kay, small ial, near the S, coastof Ja
maica, 2 m, E, Portiand Point
Portland Paint, cape on the S, coast of Jamaica,
Lon, 76° 57' W, Lat, 17" 44' N,
Portland' Point, cape in Hudson's bay, Lon,
'?8°2ffW, Lat 58° SO'N,
' Portkck. See Porlock.
Portkck' s Harbour, inlet on the W, side of King
George the Third's sircfaipelago, Lon, 224° E.
Lat 57° 44' N,
Portkga, s-p, W, Africa, in Sierra Leone. Lon.
12°36"W. Lat8"4ff N.
Portneuf, barony, Hampsfaire co. Lower Cana
da, on the St. Lawrence, 20 m. S, W, Quebec.
Portneuf, r. Lowfer Cansida, which falls into
the St. Lawrence from the N. 35 m. above Que
bec. Porto, t, Italy, in the States ofthe Church, near
the mouth of the Tiber. It is the aee of a bishop.
10 m. S. W. Rome. Lon, 12" 14' 25" E. Lat 41°
46' 44" N.
Porta; t. Austrian Italy, on the Adige, oppoaite
to Legnago.
Perio Bella, v. Scotland, on the frith of Forth,
2 m. S. E, Edinburgh.
Porto Bello, a noted aeaport Of South America,
on the N. coast of tfae istfamua of Darien, with an
excellent harbour. Tfae cUmate of this city ia bad
in the extreme. The population ia inconsidera
ble, being chiefly negroes and mulattoes, with
about thirtv white farailies, 65 m, N, Panama,
238 W, S, -W, Carthagena, Lon, 79° 26'W, Lat
. 10° 27' N,
Porto Bufakto, %. Austrian Italy, on the Liven
za, 20 m. E. N, E, Treviso, Pop, 1,600,
Porto CabeUo. See Cabello.
Porta de Cam, fort on the W, coast of Portugal,
6 ra, N. N, W. Viana,
Porto Ddphino. See Cerigo.
Porto Ercale, t Tuscany, 30 m, N, W, Civita
Vecchia, Porto Farina, s-p, Tunis, Lon, 10" 16' E, Lat
36° SO' N,
Porta Ferrajo, the chief place of the island of
Elba, situated towards the W. cosist of the island,
on a lofty point of land projecting into a bay. It
ia a strong place, and its harbour is commodious
and secure. It hsia acquired notoriety of late
yeara, >as Uic residence of Bonaparte, from 4th
May 1814, to 26th February 1815, when he sailed
on his expedition to France, Lon, 10° 19' E, Lat,
42"4ffN, Pop.3,00a
Pbrlo Fino, t. Sardinian states, 6 m, W, Chia
vari, 12 S. E. Genoa.
Porta Greco, t, Naples, on the coast, 16 m, N,W.
Manfredonia. Porto di Lagoscuro, t. Italy, in the Statea ofthe
Church, on the Po, 3 m, N. Ferrara,
Porta Longone, i. on the E, coast of the ialand
ef Elba, 4 m. S, E, Porto Ferrajo, Pop. 1,500,
Porto Madera, harbour on the E. coaat of St,
Jage, one of the Cape de Verd islands.

Porto Maggiore, t Italy, in Ferrara, on the Ad
riatic, 25 ra. N, E, Bolognsu
Porto Marin, t. Spain, in Galicia, on both sides
the river Minho, 46 m, E, St, Jago,
Porto Mauricia, t, Sardinian states, 56 m, S,W.
Genoa, Lon, 8° S'E, Lat 43° 66' N, Pop, 3,000.
Porto de Naos, harbour on the S, coast of Lsm-
cerota, one of the Canary islands,
Porto Novo, a-p, Benin, in W, Africa, where the
Portuguese have a factory. Lon. 1° 45' E, Lat
6°24'N, Porto Novo, caUed by the Hindooa Porangui-
pet, or Fringypet, and by the Musaulmans, Mahom
ed Bunder, s-p, in the Camatic. Lon. 79° 52' E.
Lat 11° SffN.
Porto Paradiso, harbour on the E. coast of
Rhodes. Lon. 27° 45' E. Lat 36° 25'N.
Porto Pin, a-p. Caramania, in A.Turkey. Lon,
33°64'E. Porto Praya, See Praya.
Porto di Primaro, a-p. Italy, in the States ofthe
church, at the influx ofthe Primaro into the Ad
riatic. 9 m. N. Ravenna.
Porto del Principe, s-p. on the N. coaat of the
island of Cuba, 300 m. S. E. Havannah.
Porto Re, t. Ausfrian states, on the Adriatic, 4
m. S. S. E, Buccari. Pop. 1,100.
Porta Rico, isl. in the W. Indies, belonging to
Spain, 60 ra. E. Hiapaniola ; about 140 milea long
from E. to W. and 36 broad from N. to S. It is
extremely fertile, and haa a temperate cUmate.4
Lon. 65° Sff to 67° 45' W. Lat 18° to 18° 35' N.
Porto Rico, St. Juan de, cap. of the island of
Porto Rico, is on a peninsuta on the N. coast ofthe
island, with a good harbour, defended by a citadel
and castie, populous, weU built, and the see of a
bishop. Lon. 66° 20' W. Lat 18° 30' N.
Porto Santo, isl. in the Atiantic, near Madeira,
15 m. in circumference. It has an exceUent har
bour. Lon. 16° 50' W. Lat 33° N.
Porto de St. Pedro, s-p. Brazil, on the river
Iguay. Lon. 62° 6' W. Lat 31° 56' S.
Porto Sous, or Porto Seeco, t SEirdjnia, near the
Capo di Cagliari, 36 m. W. CagUsun.
Porto Seguro, a province of BrazU. Porto Segu
ro, the capital, is on the sea coast 92 m. S. Jorge,
286 N. N. E. Espiritu Santo. Lon. 39° 37' W.
Lat 16° 7' S. Pop. 3,000.
Porto Tigani, port on the S. cosist of the ialand
of Samoa. Lon. 26° 54' E. Lat 87° 44' N.
Porto de la Trinidad, port on the coast of New
Albion, in N. Araerica. Lon. 236° 6' E. Lat 41°
3'N. Porto Vecchio, t. in the island of Coraica, S3 m,
S. E. Ajaecio, 70 S. Bastia. Lon, 9° Iff 37" E,
Lat 41° 35' 29" N. Pop. 1,300,
Porto Ventre, s-p. Sardinian states, on the gulf
of Spezzia, 5 m. S. Spozzia. Lon. 9°38'E. Lat,
44° ff N. Pop. 700.
Portodal, or Porto d'.iUy. See Porludal.
Partogruora, t Austrian Italy, at the confluence
of the Lemene and Reghena, 20 m, W, by S, Pal
ma Nova. Pop, 4,000, Il ia the see of a bishop,
Portapin, port of the Mediterranean, on the S.
W, side of Majorca, 2 m, S. Palma,
Portree, t, Scotland, in Invemeas-shirc, in the
island of Sky, Its harbour is capacious, with ex
cellent anchorage, and weU sheltered, Lon, 6° 7'
W, Lat 57° 24' N,
Portsburgh, (^Easter and Wester,) two suburbs
of Edinburgh, in ScoUand,
Portsmouth, t, Eng, in Hants, and noted sea
port in the English channel, being the principal

P O R

P O R

597

rendezvous of the Britiah navy. It is situated on
the W, aide ofthe ialand of Portaea, at the mouth
of the bay termed Portamouth harbour, and con
sists ofthe old town of Portsmouth included with
in its fortified wsdls, and the new townof Portaea,
Portsmouth is atill the seat ofthe civil and military
establishments, but Portsea contains the vast es-
tabUshments ofthe dock-yards. Portamouth har
bour excela decidedly every other in Great Bri
tain for its capaciousness, depth, and aecurity.
The largest ahipa may ride in it witfa safety in the
most violent storms, and without touching the
ground even at the lowest ebb. It is also capa
ble, from ila extent, of contsiining almost the whole
navy of England. Another capitsd advantage of
this harbour, ia the neighbourhood of the famoua
roadatead of Spithead, between Portamouth and
the Isle of Wight, whicfa is so spacious, tfaat it can
contsun 1000 sail of vessels in tfae greatest aecurity.
Tfae fortificationa of the town are deemed impreg
nable, smd form, ou the whole, the moat regular
and coraplete fortress in Great Britain. Ports
mouth dock-yard being the grand naval arsenal of
England, and the general rendezvous of the Brit
ish fleet, is by far the largest in tfae kingdom, and
every attention haa been paid to ita extenaion and
improvement During the war, upwards of 4,000
working men were employed in it, ofwhom 1,500
were sfaip-wrighta and caulkera. Pop. of Ports
mouth in 1811, 7,103 ; of Portaea, 31,365. Total
of the town smd auburba, 40,56'7. 72 m. S. W.
London. Lon. 1° 6' W. Lat 60° 47' N.
Portsmouth, the lai^est town in New Hamp
shire, and its only aeaport, atanda on tfae S. aide of
Piacataqua river, about two milea frora tfae aea.
It containa a court-houae, jaU, silma-houae, femsde
asylum, athenaeum, academy, two market-houses,
5 banks, including a brancfa of the U. S. bank, sev
eral insurEmce offices, and 8 religious aocietiea, 3
of Congregationalists, 1 of Episcopalians, 1 of Bap
tists, 1 df Methodista, 1 of Univeraaliats, and 1 of
Sanderaanians. Thia town haa auffered aeverely
from fire. In Dec. 1802, 120 buildinga were de
sfroyed; in Dec. 1806, 20, including St. John's
church; and in Dec. 1(513, the fire swept over 15
acres, and destroyed 173 buildings. The psirta
destroyed have aince been rebuilt, and the appear
ance of the town has been much improved.
The harbour of Portsmouth is one ofthe best iu ^
the United States. It is landlocked on every side,
and perfectly aafe, of sufficient depth for the larg
est vessels at all timea of the tide, and, owing lo
the rapidity ofthe current, is never frozen. 'The
main entrance between the N. side of Great Isl
and and the Killery sfaore, is about a mile wide,
and 9 or 10 fathoras deep, and is well defended by
Fort Constitution and Fort M'Clary. The other
entrance, on the S. side of Great Island is called
Little Harbour, and the water here is shallow.
The harbour conaiats of two psurts : the outer har
bour ia eSay of acceaa at all aeasons of the year ;
but, owing lo a very rapid tide in the narrows, a
large veasel cannot get to the inner harbour, ex
cept with a fair wind; and, for the aame reason,
but few vessela can be aafely raoored there. There
ia an island in the inner harbour, opposite the
town, on which is a United States' navy yard,
contsiining good timber docks, and all the con
veniences for buflding ships of the largest class.
Several shipa of the line have been built here.
Portsmouth is well situated for trade. The
amount of shipping owned here in 1815, was
30,411 tons. Pop. 6,934. 24 m. N. N. E. New
buryport; 56 N. by E. Boaton; 45 E. S, E, Con

cord ; 54 S, S, W, PorUand, Lat 43° 5' N, Lon.
70° 4ff W,
Portsmouth, p-t, Newport co, R, I, on the N.
end of Rhode Island, 7 m, N, W, Ne-wportr Pop,
1,795, Here ia a coal mine,
Portsmouth, a pleasant, flourishing, srad regu
larly built t, iu Norfolk co, Va, ou the S, W, aide
of Elizabeth river, oppoaite Norfolk, one raile dia
tant from it. It containa a court-house, a jail, and
four churches, 1 each for EpiscopaUans, Baptiats,
Methodists, and Roman CathoUcs, The courts
for the county are held here,
Portsmouth, s-p, Carteret co, N, Carolina, on
the N, end of Core-bank, near Ocrecoke inlet,
chiefly inhabited by fisherraen and pilots,
Portsmouth, p-t, and cap- Scioto co, Ohio, on
Scioto river, at its junction with the Ofaio, 46 ra<,
S, ChilUcothe, 90 S, Columbus. It is well situa
ted for trade, and contsuns a court-house, jail, and
bank. Portsoy, s-p. Scotland, in Banffshire, on a point
of land projecting into the Moray frith, which
forms a safe harbour. 6i m. E. Cullen, 74 W,
Banff. Lon. 2° Sff W. Lat 57° 38' N,
Porludal, s-p. Baol, in W, Africa, on the Atian
tic, N, of the Garabia, Lon, 16° 66' W. Lat, 14°
Sff N,
Portugal, kingdom, Europe, bounded by Spaia
and the Atiantic, extenda from 36° 66' to 42° T
N, lat and from 7° 34' to 9° 30' W, lon. Ita form.
ia oblong; its lengtfa from N. to S, 350 milea ; its
average breadth about 120, Tfae following waa
the estimate of the extent and population in 1802 :

Provinces.

Sq. miles.

Pop.

Entre Douro Minho,

3,490

907,665

Tras los Monies,

5,450

318,605

Beira (central).

8,725

1,121,595

Estramadura,

9,855

826,680

Alentejo,

10,676

380,480

Algarva,

2,780

127,615

40,876 3,683,000
Several of the great mountain chains of Spain
penetrate into this country, intersect il from east
to west, and terrainate in large proraontoriea in the
Atlantic. The climate in Portugal ia in general
more raild and pleasant than in Spain. The pro
ducts of tfae soil of Portugal are very varied, from
the great variety of elevation. Wheat, barley,
oats, flsix, herap, are raised in tfae high grounds";
vines and maize iu those of warmer teraperature f
and rice in the low grounds. The chief fruits are
olives, oranges, and leraons. Silk is made of yery
good quality,! For a long time past, the import
and export trade has been managed chiefly by
foreign raerchants, particularly British, settled at
Lisbon and Oporto, The exports consist alraost
entirely of raw produce, viz, wine, salt, and wool.
Of wine, the average value exported is nearly
2,000,000^, ; of salt, fully 300,000/, ; of wool, be
low 100,000/. The iraports are very various, viz.
corn, flour, fish, wooUens, linen, cotton, lace,
hardware, hats, shoes, stockings, and manufac
tures of almoat every kind The religion of Por
tugal ia the Roraan Catfaolic, Tfaere are two uni
versities, one at Coirabra, and the other at Evora.
The revenue in Portugal and Brazfl, ia between
3,000,000/. and 4,000,000/. steriing; the pubUc
debt, 12,000,000/. The naval force does not ex
ceed 15 or 18 frigates. Portugal has, like Spain,
its Cortez or representative body, but they were
not asaerabled for more than 100 years pre-rious to
the late revolution. On the removal ofthe royal

P 0 s

POT

family to Rio Janeiro, the two councils of state at
tended them, and the king was represented at Lis
bon by a regency, the councils by coramiltees,
Portugolete, t. Spain, on the coast of Biacay, 16
m,N,W. Bilbao, Lon, 2° 64' W, Lat, 43° 20 N,
Pop. 1,800.
Portugueza, r. S. America, in Venezuela, which
runs into the Apure,
Porsics, or Poritschen, t, Bohemia, 13 m, S. E,
Pilsen, Pop, 800,
Poschechon, or Poszechan, t, Eu. Russia, in Ja
roslav, 73 ra. N, N, W, Jaroslav. Pop. 1,700.
Posc/iega, palatinate of Sclavonia, Ijang be
tween the Save and the Drave, Extent, 954 sq,
mfles. Pop, 67,000.
Poschega, chief place ofthe above palatinate, is
on the river Orlova, II m, E, Gradiaca, 160 S, by
W, Buda, Lon, 18° E, Lat, 46° 20' N, Pop,
4,100, Paschiavo, t, Switz, in the Grison country, 17
m, W. S.W, Bormio.
Posen, Grand Duchyof, a province of the Prus-
sism states, comprising that psu-t of Poland whicfa
WEIS restored to Pruasia by the treaty of Vienna in
1815. It is bounded on the E. by the new atate
called the kingdom of Poland, and on the S, and
W. by Sileaia and Brandenburg, It lies between
lat, 61° 10' and 63° 32' N, and contains about
12,0fH) sq, milea, and a population of from 800,000
to 900,000, It is divided into the governments of
Poaen and Bromburg,
Posen, Government of, one of the two govern
ments into which tfae grand ducfay is divided.
Area, 6,900 sq. miles. Pop. 645,000.
Posen, or Pasnan, the capital of Prussian Po
land, and a bishop's aee, stands at tfae confluence
ofthe Proszna and tfae Wartha. It is surrounded
with a mound and ditch, and is built -with tolera
ble regularity. 144 m. E. BerUn, 166 W. War
aaw. Lon. 16° 33' 66" E. Lat 64° 22' 39" N. Pop.
20,000. Paseritz, v. Prussian states, in tfae island of Ru
gen, II m. S. W. Bergen. Pop. 800.
Posey, CO. Indiana, bordering on the Ohio and
the Wabaah. Pop. 3,000. Chieftown, Harraony.
Posing Bazin, or Pezqjnck, t. Hungary, lira.
N, N, E, PreabUrg, Pop. 3,700.
Positono, t. Naplea, in Principato Citra, on the
gulf of Salerno, Pop, 4,000.
Positra, a-p. Hind, in Gujerat, Lon, 69° 17' E,
Lat, 22° 2ff N,
Possagno, v. Austrian Italy, 20 m, N, N, W.
Treviso. Possession Bay, bay on the N. coast of the isl
and of Georgia, Lon. 37° 1 ff W, Lat 54" ff S.
Possession Bay, bay in the straits of Magellan,
onthe S, American shore, Lon, 09° 39' W, Lat
62°20'S. Possession Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon,
41°4ffE, Lat 46° SffS.
Possession Island, isl. near the N. point of New
Holland, 20 ra, N. York Cape, Lon, 218" 21' W,
Lat 10° Sff P-
Possession Point, cape on the N, W, coastof A-
mcrioa, and E, coast of Cook'a inlet, Lon, 209°
12' E, Lat 61° ffN,
Possession Point, cape on the S, W, coast of
NewHoUand, Lon, 118° 12' E, Lat 36° 2' S,
Passneck, t, Germany, in Saxe-Cobourg, 63 m,
S, S, W. Leipaic, Pop, 3,000,
Posta, Fort de, fort on the W, coaat of Portugal,
5 m, N, Viana,
Postelberg, v. Bohemia, on the Eger, 6 ra, N, E,
Saatz, 36 W, N, W, Prague. Pop, 1,000,

Posiheny, Pusehtin, or Pistian, t, Hungary;
Lon, 18°ff35"E, Lat 48° 36' 8" N,
Past-hill, p-v. Morgan co. Geo,
Poslhorse, isl, near the W, coast of Celebes.
Lon. 119° IffE, Lat6°N,
Postiglione, t Naples, in the Principato Citra,
15 m, W, Cangiano,' Pop, 1,900.
PostiUions, cfaain of rocks in the Eaatern seas,
about 60 milea long, frora N. W. to S, E. . Lon.
119° Iff to 119° 64' E, Lat 6° 15' to 6°.4ff S,
Potatoe River, r, Misaouri, which falla into the
S, aide of Osage,
Polenza, t Naples, in the BasUicata. It is the
see of a bishop, 64 m, S. E, Benevento, 73 E,
Naples, Poles, t Spain, in .Asturia, 30 m, W, S. W, San
tiUana, Pali, t. Guriel, in the W, psirt of Caucasus, on
the left bank ofthe Phasis, near its junction with
the Euxine, It is now iu the possession of the
Russians, 80 m, W, S, W. Cotatis.
Potaka. See Petoka.
Potomac, r. U. States, which rises in the AUe
ghany raountsdns, aud during its whole course is
the boundary between Maryland and Virginia.
It falls into Cheaapeake bay between Point Look
out and Smith's point, by a raouth 7i miles wide.
It is navigable for shipa ofthe greateat burden, 300
rafles, to tfae city of Washington, 3 m. below the
head of tfae tide. Tfae obstructions lo tbe nariga
tion above the city of Washington are, 1. LitUe
faUs, 3 miles above the city, which descend 37
feet, and have been surmounted by a canal 2i
railes long, with three locks. 2. Great falla, 8i
railes further up, around wfaicfa is a canal, one
mile long, descending 76 feet by 5 locks. 3. Sen
eca falls, 6 miles above, whicfa descend 10 feet
4, Shenandoah falls, 60 mfles further up, where
the Poloma,c bresdcs through the Blue Ridge. S.
Houre's falls, 6 milea above the ShenandoEih falls.
Canals have been dug suround aU these falls. The
whole descent of the Potoraac, from the raouth of
Savage river to Cumberland, a distance of 31
milea, is 445 feet ; from Curaberland to the She
nsmdoah falls, 130 rafles, it is 490 feet; at Uie
Shenandoah, 43 feet in 5J railes ; frora Uie She
nandoah to Great fsdls, 39 feet iu 40 miles ; and
between the Great faUs and tide water, 143 feet
in 12 milea ; making the wholfe descent, from the
mouth of Savage river to tide water, 1,160 feet
in a distance of 219 miles.
Potosi, formerly Mine-au-Burtan, p-t. and cap.
Washington co. Misaouri, 60 m. W. S. W. St
Louis, 46 W. St. Genevieve. It is in the cenfre
of about 40 lead raines, whicfa lie within a circle
of 20 railes, and frora which Uiere has been made,
during 18 years, 9,360,000 lbs, of lead,
Potosi, a city, S, America, and cap, of a govern
ment of the same narae, in the viceroyalty of Bue
nos Ayres, celebrated for the richest silver mines
in the world. It hsis a mint, six convents, two
nunneries, a college, and an hospital : and its in
habitants are still chiefly concerned in the work
ing of the mines, and consist of whites, mestizoes,
and Indians, The celebrated mines of Potosi are
in the same mountsiin on which tfae city is built
This mountain is about 18 railes in circumference;
it is of a sharp conical figure, rising to the height
of 4,360 feet above the plain, .\bove 300 mines
or pits are worked, but all of them irregularly.
Nothing can equal the ignorance witfa which the
mining is carried on. The mint of Potosi coined
in 1790, 299,246 piastres of gold, and 3,293,173 of
-silver, or 886,620*i sterling. From the discovery

P O V

P o w

599

ofthe mines, in 1545, tUl 1803, they hav^upplied
1,095,500,000 piasters, or 237,368,334/, sterling,
which haa psud the royal dutiea ; and tfaia only iU-
cludea aflver, 1,617 m, N, W,'Buenoa Ayrea, 45
W, S. W, La Plata, Lon. 67° 22' W, Lat 19° 47'
S, Pop, varioualy eatimated from 30,000 to
100,000. Potosi, San Luis, a province of New Spain,
which comprehends the whole of the N, E, part
of the kingdom. On the S, it ia bounded by the
intendancies of Vera Cruz, Mexico, smd Guansix-
uato; ontheE, by the gulf of Mexico; srad on the
W, hy Zacatecas and Durango, Extent, more
than 200,000 sq. milea. Pop, 334,000,
Potosi, Son Luis, t. Mexico, cap, of the above
intendancy. Lon, 100° 41' W, Lat, 22° N, Pop,
12,000, Patra, r, Quito, whicfa faUs into the Amazons on
the S, in lat 4° 44' S,
Potschinki, t. Eu. Rusaisi, in Niachuei-Novgo-
rod, 117 m, S, S, E, Niachnei-Novgorod, Pop.
4,000, Potsdam, a province of the Prussian atatea, in
Brandenburg, comprehending tfae diatricta for
raerly termed the Ucker Mark, the Msirk of Pri
egnitz, srad the greateat part of tfae Middle Mark,
It Uea between Pomerania and Weat Pruaaia on
tfae N. and the province of Ssixony on the S, and
W, The city of Berlin, with a araall district ly
ing around it, forma a diatinct government. Area,
about 8,000 square miles. Pop, 488,000,
Potsdain, the chief town of the above govern
ment, is on the N, bank of the Havel, It is to
Berlin, what Versailles ia lo Paria, having been,
since the cloae of the 17th century, the occasional
residence ofthe court. It ia aurrounded by a wall
and ditch. The palace, on tfae bank of tfae
Havel, ia a magnificent structure. Pop, about
17,000, exclusive of military, Tfae palace of Sans
Souci, the favourite retreat of Frederick II,, is
three-quarters of a mile lo the N. W. of Potsdam,
15 m. W. S. W, Beriin, 61 E, N. E, Dresden. Lon,
12° ff 1" E. Lat 62° 24' 43" N.
Potsdam, p-t St Lawrence co. N. Y, 90 ra. W,
Plattsburg, 150 N, N. W. Albany, Pop, 928, The
village stands on Racket river, which has a fall
here, affording good raill seats,
Pottendorf, t. Austria, 21 m, S. Vienna, Pop,
2,000, Potlenstein, t, Austria, 20 m, S. S, W, Vienna,
Pop, 1,900,
Patter, co, in the N. part of Pennaylvania, Pop.
1,584, Chieftown, Cowderaport
Potter, t Potter co. Pa, Pop, 29,
Potter, t. Green co. Fa. Fop. 1,584.
Potter's MiUs, p-t. Centre co. Pa.
Potterstown, v. Hunterdon co. N. J. 5 ra. E.
Lebanon, 22 N. W. New-Brunawick.
Pottiesvilk, p-v. Louisa co, Va,
PoWmes, -t Bavaria, 16 m, N, N, E, Augsburg,
Pop, 1,000,
Potion, or Patten, t Eng, in Bedfordshire, 12
m, E, Bedford, 48 N, by W, London, Pop, 1,154,
Potion, t. Bedford and Richelieu counties. Low
er Canada, on Lake Memphramagog.
Pottsgrove, p-t Montgomery co. Pa, Pop, 1,571,
Pottstown, t aud borough Montgomery co. Pa,
Patz-Neusiedel. See Laithafalu.
Pouance, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 34 ra,
N,W. Angers, Pop, 1,300,
Poverty Bay, bay on the E, coast of New Zeal
and, in Uie S, Pacific ocean. Lon, 181° 36' W, Lat,
.38" 42' S,

Poughkeepsie, p-t, and cap, Dutchess co, N, Y,
stands on Uie E, bank of Hudson river, 85 m, S,
of Alb?,uy, 75 N. of New- York, FaU creek, and
Wappinger'a creek pasa Uirough the town, and
afford numeroua aites for mills and manufacto
ries. There are 5 landings on the Hudson, with
convenient atore-houaea and wharves, and the
trade is very extensive. At the village of Barne-'
gat, in the S, W, part of the townahip, lime is
made, which faas a high reputation, Tfae viUage
of Pougfakeepsie is on a plain nefirly one mile E,
ofthe Hudson, -and contained in 1^12, an elegant
court-house and jail, an acaderay, 5 houses of pub
lic worahip, 2 printing officea, and 471 houses and
stores. Many of tfae old housea are of atone, but
those recently built are principally of wood or
brick. Pop, of the vfllage, 2,981 ; of the town,
4,670, Pougomo, r. W, Africa, which falls into the At
lantic in lat 9° N,
Pougues, t. France, in Nievre, 7 ra, N, N, W,
Nevers, Pop, 1,000,
Pquillan, t. Frsmce, in Landes, 6 ra, N, Dax.
Pop, 2,800,
Pouilly, t, France, on the Loire, in Nievre, 9 ra,
S. Cosne, 22 N, by W, Nevers, Pop, 2,400,
Poujal, t. France, in Herault, 20 m, N, W, Be
ziers, Pop, 1,000,
Pouk, Cape, cape, Sardinia, forraing the W.
point orlirait ofthe gnlf of Cagliari,
Poultney, p-t, Rutland co, Vt, on Poultney riv
er, 37 ra, W, Windsor, Pop, 1,904,
Poultan, t, Eng, in Lancasfaire, 18 ra, S, W,
Lancaster, 231 N, N, W, London, Pop, 3,390.
Poumaron River, r, Dutcfa Guiana, wfaich en
ters the Atlantic in lat, 7° 34' N, lon, 58° 47' W,
Poundridge, t, Westchester co, N, Y, 6 m, E.
Bedford, Pop, 1,249,
Po»oa,t, Portugal, in Beira, 13 ra, N, W, Co
imbra, Povoa, t Portugal, in Estreraadura, on the Ta
gus, 2 ra, N, Liabon,
Poussan, t. France, in Herault, 14 m, S, W,
MontpeUer, Pop, 1,300,
Powolly, t. India, in TinneveUy, Lon, 77° 59'
E, Lat 9° SffN,
Pawanghur, fort, Hind, in Gujerat, Lon. 73"
Sff E. Lat 22" 31' N.
PoweU's iTpy,- small isl. amopg the Bahamas.
Lon, 77° Sff W, Lat, 26° 4ff N,
PowelV s Paint, cape on the coast of N, CaroUna,
at the entrance into Alberaarle sound, Lon, 76° 4'
W, Lat 36" I'N,
PoweU's Point, cape of Virginia, in James riv
er, Lon. 76°te4' W, Lat 37° 2' N,
PoweU's River, r. which riaea from Powell's
mountain, in Virginia, passes into Tennessee, and
joins Clinch river 38 m, N, E. KnoxvUle, II is
said to be navigable for boats nearly 100 railes,
PoweU's Valley, valley between PoweU's and
Curaberland raountsiins, 80 or 90 rafles long, and
frora 10 to 18 wide, nearly equally divided be
tween Virginia and Tenneaaee,
Powelton, p-t, Hancock co, Geo. on the Ogee
chee, about 40 m, above LouiaviUe, 15 N, Spar
ta, It has a flouriahing academy, and two church
ea, Powhatan, co. Va, bounded N, by Jamea river,
E, by Chesterfield co. S,.by the Appomatox, and
W, by Curaberland co. Pop, 3,073, Slaves, 5,091-
Chieftown, ScoltsvUIe,
Powiedsisk. See Piidewits.

600

P R A

Pownal, p-t, Cumberland co, Maine, 10 m, N,
E, Portland,
Pownol, p-t, Bennington co, Vt, 6 m, S, Ben
nington, Pop, 1,655,
PownaVs Island, isl, nearthe E, coastof Labra
dor, Lon,"61» IffW, Lat, 57" Iff N,
Powow, r, N. H, whicfa riaes in N, Hampahire,
and runs into the Merrimack in Masaachusetta,
between Saliabury and Amesbury. Nearits raoutfa
it falls, in the course of 50 rods, 100 feet Many
mills are erected here, and the scenery is uncom
monly romantic,
Poyais, t, Mexico, in Honduraa, 110 m, W, N,
W, Secklong, 55 S, Cape Cameron,
Poysdorf, t. Austria, S3 ra, N. by E, Vienna.
• Pop, 3,900.
, Pozan, one of the smaller Philippine islands,
near the W. coast of Leyta. Lon, 124° 24' E, Lat,
10°4ffN, Pozzolengo, t. Austrian Italy, 8 m, W, N, W,
Verona, Pop, 2,000.
Pazsol Formigaro, t Italy, 2 m, N. Novi. Pop.
2,400. Passuoli. See Pussuala.
Procels, small islands in the Chinese sea, 60 ra.
E. Cochin China. Lon. 110" to 1 1 1" E. Lat 1 1°
4ffto 16° Iff N.
Prachatits, t Bohemia, 76 ra, S. by W, Prague,
Pop, 2,300,
Prachin, one of the circles into which Bohemia
ia divided, in the S, W. corner of the kingdora.
Area, 1,820 square miles. Pop, 210,000, The
chief town is Piseck,
Prado, t. Auatrian Italy, S ra. S. Chiavenna.
PradeUes, t. France, 1 8 ra. S, Le Puy. Pop. 1,200,
Prades, t. France, in Eaatern Pyrenees, 26 ra.
W, hy S, Perpignan, Fop, 2,400,
Prades, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 22 m. N. W,
Tarragona, Pnestoe, a-p, Denmark, on the S, E, coast of
Zealand, 42 m. S, S, W, Copenhagen,
Proga, t. Poland, on tfae Vistula, opposite War
saw, witfa which it communicates by a bridge of
boats. Pragge, t, Birman empire, in Pegu, Lat, 1 7°
2ffN, Prague, the capital of Bohemia, is on both sidea
of tfae Moldau, and surrounded by a moat and
earthen mound. It is the seat ofthe government
offices of Boheraia, and of the courts of justice, iis
well as the railitary head quarters. It is alao the
general rendezvous of the famiUes of the nobility
and gentry, Ofthe population, computed at 85,000,
nearly 7,000 are Jews, and about 5,000 strangers.
The university is the oldest in Germany, faaving
been founded in 1348. The present number of
professors ia about 40; that of atudenta 900. The
public Ubrary containa above 100,000 volumea.
J-iinen, cotton, and silk, are manufactured exten
sively at Prague, 144 m. N, N, W. Vienna, 75
S, S, E, Dresden, Lon. (ofthe observatory) 14° 25'
10" E, Lat 50° ff 23" iV,
Prairie, t Wayne co, Ohio, 5 m, S, Wooster.
Pop, in 1819, 690,
Prairie de la Madelaine. See La Prairie.
Prairie du Chien, settlement, North West Ter
ritory, at the confluence of the Ouisconsin with
the Miasissippi, It ia built principally on the Mis
aiaaippi, about 5 miles above the mouth of tfae
Ouisconsin, It was originally settled hythe French,
who generally intorraarried with the Indians, and
the present inhabitants, araounting to between 300
and 400, are almost entirely of mixed blood. In

PRE
the spriAg and auturan, nuraerous traders resort
here, as well aa Indians of different tribea engaged
in the fur trade. Above the aettlement atanda
Fort Crawford, which ia a strong fort, and well
garrisoned, Prairie du Rocher^ t. Randolph co, Ulinois, 5 m,
from the Mississippi, 12 N, Kaskaskia, Pop, about
400, Pralkvilk, p-v. Hunterdon co. N. J,
Prom Pram, s-p. onthe Gold cosist of Africa, 30
m. E. S, E, Accrsi,
Praslin, t. France, in Aube, 9 m, S, W, Bar sur
Seine, Proslin, isl, in the Indian sesi, one ofthe group
caUed the SecheUes. Lon, 65° 47' E, Lat4° 19' S.
Prasamisi, araall isl. in Greece, near the en
trance of the gulf of Salonica, 16 ra. S. E. Scopelos.
Prassoude, sraaU isl. of Greece, at the entrance
of the gulfof Salonica, 3 m. frora the coast of Mag
nesia. Prasto, t. Greece, in tfae Morea, 16 ni. N. by E.
Miaitra. Pratas, islets in the Chinese sea, 300 m. S. S. E.
Canton, Lon, 1 16° 4ff E. Lat 19° 32' N,
Praia, t Tuscany, on the Bisenzio, 6 m, S. E.
Pistoja, 9 N, N. W, Florence, Pop. 10,500,
Prato, V. Switz, in Ticino, 21 m, S, by W. Lo
carno, Praia Vecchio, t Italy, 23 m. E. Florence,
Prats de Mak, t Frsrace, in Eastem Pyrenees,
14 ra. W. S. W. Ceret Pop. 3,000,
Pratteln or Bratteln, v. Switz, nesir Bale,
Prattsburg, t. Steuben co. N, Y.
PrattsviUe, p-v, Alleghany co, Md.
Prats del Rey, t Spain, in Catalonisi, 9 m, N,
Manresa, Pratsen, v. Ausfrian states, in Moravia, 3 m,
W, Austerlitz,
Praussko, or Prasska, t Poland, on the Proana,
50 m. S, by E. KaUach, Pop, 800,
Praussnits, t. Prusaian Silesia, 18 m, N, Bres
lau, Pop, 1,800,
Praussko, or Prasska, t, Poland, 50 m, S, by E,
KaUsch, Pop, 800.
Praya, s-p, and cap, of the island of Tercera,
one of tfae Azores. Pop, 3,000,
Praya, t Ardra, on the stave coast of Africa, 30
m, N. E, Grand Popo,
Praya, Porto, cap. of St Jago^ one of the Cape
de Verd islands off the coast of Africa, The bay
ia of easy access, and the smchorage safe, A fort
placed on Uie summit of a faill, coraraands the har
bour. It is the residence of the governor-general
of the Portuguese settlements,
Preble, co. in tile W, part of Ohio, Pop. in 1815,
5,335, Chieftown, Eaton,
Preble, p-t. Cortlandt co, N, Y. 150 m, W. Al
bany, Pop, 1,080,
Prechac, t France, in Gironde, 34 m, S, S. E.
Bourdeaux, Pop. 2,700.
Precigne, t. France, in Sarthe, 6 m. S. Sable,
14 W.by N. La Fleche, Pop, 2,100,
Precopia, Orkub, or Urkup, t. Eu, Turkey, 16
m, W, Nissa, Lon. 21° 20' E, Lat 43° SffN, Pop.
6,000, Precs, t, Denmark, ui Holstein, 9 m,N, E, Kiel
Pop. 3,100.
Predom. See Pridemost.
Pregel, r. East Prussia, formed by the junction
of the Angerap smd the Pissa, which falla into the
Frische Haff, below Konigaberg. Near that city
it ia above 300 feet in width, and of sufficient
depth to admit large vessels, were they not pre*
vented entering by a bar at its mouth.-

PRE

P R I

601

Prduka, a-p. Austrian states, in Isfria, on the
Adriatic, near Castua.
Premery, t. Franoe, on the river Nievre, 14 m.
E. La Charite, 17 N. E. Nevers. Pop. 1,300.
Premislau. See Przemysl.
Prenn, t Poland, 23 ra. E, N, E, Marianpol,
Lon. 23° 59' 35" E, Lat 53° 37' 23" N, Pop,
1,300. '
Prenzlow, t. Prussian states, on the Ucker, 73
m, !V, N, W, Frankfort on the Oder, 56 N, N, E.
Beriin, Lon, 13" Sff E, Lat, 53° 17' N, Pop,
8,000, Preparis, the most northern' of the Andaman
islands, in the entrance ofthe bay of Bengid, Lon,
93"40'E, Lat I4"6ffN,
Prerau, a circle of Moravisi, bordering on Aus
trian Sflesia, Area, 1,210 square milea. Pop,
215,000, Prerau, the capital, is IS ra, S, E, Ol
mutz, 140 E. S. E, Prague, Pop, 2,300,
' Prerau, Old, t. Bohemia, on the Elbe, 18 m, E,
by N, Prague,
Presall, t Eng, in Lancaahire, 6i ra, N, by W,
Poulton, Pop, 689,
Presburg, or Posonyi-Varmegye, a palatinate of
Hungary, in the angle forraed by tfae Marcfa and
the Danube, at their junction. Area, 1,740 aq,
miles. Pop, 200,000,
Presburg, or Posoiiy, a large t, Hungary, on the
N, bank ofthe Danube, on a hill of moderate ele
vation, overlooking a vast plain, Tfae Danube,
here nearly half a mile wide, is crossed by a flying
bridge. 'The fortifications have been demolished.
It was here that a treaty was concluded between
France and Austria, 26lh December, 1805, 38
m. E. by S, Vienna, 107 W, N. W, Pesth, Lon,
17° Iff E. Lat, 48° 8' N, Pop, S0,000,
Prescot, t. Eng, in Lancaster co. 8 m- E. Liver
pool, 198 N- N. W. London. Lon. 2° 4ff W. Lat
53° 2ff N. Pop. 3,676,
Prescott, V. Up. Canada, in GreenviUe co, on
the St Lawrence, opposite Ogdensburg,
Presque Isle. See jErie,
Presque Isle, r. N. W, Territory, which runs
into Lake Superior, between Montreal and On
tanagon rivers. It is 30 yarda wide at ita mouth,
Presquis, Point de la, cape on the N, W, cosiat
of Hispaniola. Lon. 74° 4' W, Lat, 19° 62' N,
Pressos, or Proissas, t, Frsrace, in Lot-and-Ga
ronne, 9 ra, N. W. Agen. Pop. 1,600.
Pressath, t. Bavaria, 21 m. N. Araberg. Pop.
1,500. Pressigny, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 33 ra.
S.Tours. Pop. 1,000.
Pressnitz, or Brsesnicze, t Bohemia, 22 m. W.
N. W, Saatz. Pop. 2,300.
Presteigne, borough t Wales, in Radnor co. near
the S. bank of the Lug, SO m. W. N. W, Worces
ter. Lon. 2° Sff W. Lat 52° Iff N. Pop. 1,114.
Preston, v. Scotland, in Haddingtonahire, 8 ra.
E. Edinburgh.
Preston, borougfa I. in Lancashire, Eng. on the
Ribble, about 1 5 railea from its mouth. During
the last 20 or SO years it has become the seat of
very extensive manufacluring establishments, and
haa very rapidly increased. In 1790, the pop
ulation was generally estimated at 6,000 ; in
1801,11,887; in 1811, 17,065; and in July 1819,
21,958, 31 ra, from Liverpool, 22 S. Lancaster,
-214 N, W, London.
Preston, t, Eng, in Cumberland, 2 m, S, White
haven, Pop, 3,261.
Preston, p-t. New-London co, Ct on the E. side

of the Quinebaug, 44 m. S, E, Hartford, Pop.
3,284. Preston, t. Chenango co, N, Y, 5 m, W, Nor
wich, 115 W. Albany. Pop. 1,008,
Preston, co, Virginia, formed in 1818, ofa part
of Monongalia county,
Preslan, p v. Harrison co, Va,
Preston-Icirk, v. Scotland, in East Lothian, 5 m,
E, Haddington, Pop, 500,
Prestonpans, t. Scotland, in Haddingtonsfairej'
noted for its salt-works. Here sir Jofan Cope was
defeated in 1745, by the Highlanders, 8 m, E,
Edinburg, 9J N. W, Haddington, ; Pop, 1,964,
Preston' sburg, t, Floyd co. Ken. Here is an
academy, incorporated in 1820.
Presumscut, araall r. Cumberland co. Maine,
which is fed by Sebacook lake, and empties into
Casco bay.
Pretsch, t Prussian Saxony, in Merseburg, on
the Elbe, 9 ra. S. S. E. Wittenberg. Pop. 1, 100.
Prevesa, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in Albania, at the
entrance ofthe gulfof Arta. 45 m. S. by W. Jo
annina. Lon,20"4ffE, Lat39°22'N, Pop,8,000,
chiefly Greeks,
Prevesa, Gulf of. See Arta.
Preuilly, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 40 m,
N, by E, Tours, Pop. 1,700,
Prewold, t. Auatrian states, in Carniola, 20 ni,
E, N, E. Trieste,
Prexil, sraall isl, near the N, coast of Jaraaica.
Lon. 76° 4ff W. Lat. 18° 27' N.
Preye, or Prye, a-p. of W. Africa, in Cantore. »,.
Pres. en Pail, t. France, 14 m, W, Alencon.
Pop. 2,300,
Priaman, t. Sumatra, on the W, coast, Lon, 99°
4ff E, Lat, 0" 36' S,
Pribilina, v. Hungary, 28 ra, W. N. W, Kes
mark, Pop, 1,000,
Price's Mills, p-v. Louisa co. Va.
Price's Store, p-v. Spartanburg district, S, C,
Prickly Pear, small isl, near the N. coastof An
tigua, Lon, 61° SO' W, Lat. 17° Iff N.
Pridemost, or Predom, v. Prussian states, 13 m.
S. E, Great Glogau, Pop, 900,
Priebus, or Prybus, t. Prusaian stales, in Lieg
nitz, 15 ra, S, W, Sagan, Pop. 800,
Priegnits, or the Vormark, tfae former name of
a district of the marquisate of Brandenburg,
bounded by the Elbe on the S. W, and by the
grand duchy of Mecklenburg on the N, Its su
perficial extent ia about 1,300 square railes; its
population nearly 80,000, It is now included in
the govemraent of Potsdara,
Priego, t Spain, in Andalusia, 11 ra, E, Luce
na, Pop. %$00,
Priestholm, sraall ial, in the Iriah aea, near the
N, E, coast of the islahd of Anglesey, 6 ra, N, E.
Beauraaris, 14 N. W. Conway bay.
Prieto, Cape, cape in the N, of Spain, on the
coastof Asturias, Lon, 4° 53' W, Lat 43° Sff N.
Priluki, t, Eu, Russia, in Poltava, on the river
Udai, 80 ra. S. S. E, Czernigov, 128 W, N. W.
Poltava, Lon,. 32° 44' E, Lat 51° 3'N, Pop, 2,600.
Primeiras, small islanda near the E, coast of
Africa, Lon, 35° 25' E, Lat, 17" 4ff S.
Primkenau, t. Prussian states, 14 m, S, W, Great
Glogau, Pop. 1,000.
Primolano, t Austrian Italy, 25 m, S, Trent,
Primorie, district, Austrian Dalmatia, Pop,
15,000. Chieftown, Macarsca.
Prince's Island, isl. in the Eastern seaa, off the
N. W. extreraity of Java, althe distance of about
two leagues, Lon, 105° 15' E. Lat 6°a5'S,

602

P R I

Prince's Island, isl, off the W, cosiat of Africa,
in the gulf of Benin, 90 miles in circumference,
Lon, 7° 10' E, Lat, 1° 50' N,
Prince's Islands, 4 small islanda in the sea of
Marmora, near the atraita of Conatantinople, 20
m, from Constantinople,
Prince EmesVs Sound, inlet On the N. W.
coast of America, which branches off lo the N. E.
from the Duke of Clarence's atrait, and aeparatea
the Duke of York'a island on the S. E. from the
continental ahore. Itia from 1 lo 6 miles broad.
Prince Edward, co. Upper Canada, ia a penin
sula, with some neighbouring islands, lying be
tween the bay of Quinti and lake Ontario.
Prince Edward,. co.Va. Pop. 12,409. Slaves,
6,996. At the court-house is a post-office.
, Prince Edward's Islands. See St. John's.
Prince Frederick, t. Calvert co. Md. 3 ra. S.
Huntington, 40 S. 'W. Annapolis.
Prince Frederick, parish, Georgetown diatrict,
S.C. Prince Frederick's Sound, inlet of the N. W.
coast of America. Lon. 226° 42' to 227° 2ff E. Lat
56° 52' to 67° 12'N.
Prince George, co. on the weatern shore of Md.
bounded N. E. by Anne ArundeU co. E. by Cal
vert CO. S. by Charles co. W. by the Potomac,
aud N. W. by the district of Columbia, and Mont
goraery co. Pop. 20,589. Slates, 9,189. Chief
town. Upper Marlborough.
Prince George, co. Va. on the S. side of James
river. Pop. 8,060. Slaves, 4,486.
Prince RuperVs Head, cape on the W. coast of
Dominica. Lon. 61° 31' W. Lat, 15° 42' N, '
Prince of Woks' Archipelago, large isl. in the
Pacific ocean, 110 miles long from N. W. to S. E,
and frora 30 to 40 broad, Lon, 226° 20' to 228" 26'
E, Lat64"42'to56"21'N,
Prince of Woks, Cope, the N, W. extremity of
the Araerican continent, oppoaite Eaat Cape, on
the ^ore of Asia. Lon. 191° 4ff E. Lat. 66" 4ff N.
Prince of Wales' Foreland, cape on the E. coast
of Kerguelen's Land. Lon. 72° 22' E. Lat 49°
39' S.
Prince of Wales' Foreland, the S. point of New
Caladonia. Lon. 166° 57' E. Lat. 22° 2ff S.
Prince of Wales' Fort, fort, N, Araerica, on
ChurcliiU river, belonging to tfae Hudaon Bay
Corapany, Lon, 94° 7' W. Lat. 58° 47' N.
Prince of Wales' Islands, islands, suppoaed to
extend from New Holland to New Guinea.
Prince of Woks' Island, isl. in Pacific ocean,
60 milea long. Lon. 161° Sff W. Lat. 15° S.
Prince af Woks' Island, called also Pulo Pinang,
or Betd Nut Island, isl. off the W. coast of the
Msday peninaula, from which it is aeparated by a
narrow atrait, about two miles broad, which
forms the harbour, and afforda exceUent anchor
age for the largest ships, A small dclachinent of
Englisfa troops from Calcutta, took posaeaaion of
tfae ialand inthe narae of hia majesty, and for the
use ofthe East India company, on the I2Ui of Au
gust 1786; and it has aince rapidly increased in
population and importance. In 1805, the inhab
itants of all descriptions were estimated at 14,000,
and have since been increasing. Here are to be
seen British, Dutch, Portuguese, Americans,
Araba, Paraees, Chinese, Chuliaa, Malaya, Bug-
geases, Birmana, Siaraese, Javanese, kc. kc.
The East India Company's ships bound lo China,
touch here, and load large qualities of tin, canes,
rattana, sago, pepper, betel-nut, &c. for the Chi
na market ; and in this amall island now centrea

P R I
the whole trade ofthe atraits of Malacca and ad
jacent islands. The value of the goods imported
from England, amounted in 1807, to 76,000/,; in
1810, to 36,253/, The London Missionary Socie
ty have two missionaries here, Lon, of the N, E,
point, 100° Iff E, Lat, 5°2ff N,
Prince William, t. York co. New Brunawick,
on the W, aide ofthe river St John,
Prince WilUam, co, Va, on the Potomac, Pop.
11,311, Slavea, 5,220, Chieftown, Haymarket
Prince William, parish, Beaufort disfrict, S, C,
Prince William's Islands, islands in the Pacific
ocean, Lon, 179° E. Lat, 17" Iff S,
Prince William's Sound, a great inlet of the
Pacific ocean, on the N, Araerican coast, which
occupies at least a degree and a half of latitude,
and two of longitude. It requires the greatest
circuraapection to navigate it, ou account of the
rocka and ahoals. Lon. 147° W. Lat 20° to
61° N.
Prince William Henry's Island, iA. in the Pacif
ic ocesm, about 70 miles in circumference. Lon.
149° SffE, Lat 1°32'S.
Princess Ann, p-t and cap. Somerset co. Md. on
Msmokin creek, 40 m, S. Cambridge. It is one of
tfae best built towns on the Eastem shore of Ma
ryland. Tfae public buUdings are a court-house
smd jail, a bank, and 3 cfaurches, I fbr Preabyteri
ana, 1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Methodists.
Princess Ann, co. Vsu on Chesapeake bay and
the Atlantic. Pop. 4,699. Slavea, 3,926. Chi^
town, Kerapaville.
Princess Royal's Harbour, a harbour on the S,
W. coast of New Holland, and W. part of King
George the Third's sound, Lon. 1 18° 9' E. Lat,
35? 3' S.
Prince RoyaVs Islands, a group of islands on the
W. coast of N, America, E. of Queen Charfotte's
islands, with a navigable cfaannel between.
Princeton, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 16 m. N.
Worcester, 52 W. by N. Boston. Pop. 1,062.
Wachusett mountain is in the N. part ofthe town.
It is 2,989 feet above the level of the sesu
Princeton, p-t Schenectady co. N. Y. 7 m. W.
Schenectady. Pop. 826.
Princeton, p-t N.J. partiy in Middlesex co. and
partly in Somerset co. 11 m. N. E. Trenton, 16 S.
W. New Brunawick, 40 N. E. PhUadelphia, 50 S.
W. New-York. Lat 40° 22' N. Lon. 74° 35' W.
II ia a pleasant town, and contains a CoUege, a
Theological Seminary, a brick Presbyterian
church, and about 100 dwelling houses.
The coUege of New-Jersey in thia place -was
founded in 1738, and haa always been one of the
most respectable and flourishing litersury institu
tions in the country. In 1820, it had a president,
who also insfructed in the Holy Scriptures, the
Evidences of Divine Revelation, Moral Phfloso-
pfay, and Logick ; a vice-preaident, who waa alse
professor of languagea sind bellea letfrea ; a pro
fessor of mathematica and mechanical philosophy;
a professor of chemistry, experimental philosophy,
and natural history ; 3 tutors, and 121 students.
The college library contains about 8,000 volumea;
the philoaophical apparatus is complete, and in
cludes an elegant orrery, conafructed by Mr, Rit
tenhouse ; tfae cabinet of mineralogy aud natural
history ia valuable. The college edifice ia atyled
Nassau Hall, in honour of the Prince of Orange.
It is of stone, ia 180 feet long, 52 broad, and 4 sto
ries high, and containa a chapel and 60 rooma for
atudents. Besidea the principal building, there
are 2 winga, each 60 feet by 30, containing the U-

P R I

PRO

603

brsu-y, recitation rooma, &c. The whole number
of alurani of the coUege in 1815, 'waa 1,425, of
whom 1,023 were tiieii living. The neoeaasu-y an
nual expensea of each student, exclusive of clothes,
books, and pocket-money, amount to $225. Tfae
requisites for admiaaion into the freahman class,
are aknowledge of Csesar's commentaries, Sallust,
select parts of Ovid's Metamorpfaosea, Virgil,Cice-
ro'a Orations, the Greek Teatament, Grseca Mi
nora, Clarke'a or Msiir'a Introduction to the mak
ing of Latin, Arithmetic, English grammar, and
Geography. The smnual comraenceraent is on
the last Wednesday of September. The fall vaca
tion begins the day after comraenceraent, and ex-
pfres in 6 weeka. The apring vacation begina on
the firat Thursday after tfae aecond Tueaday iu
April, smd expires in 4 weeks.
A 'TheologicEd Seminary wsis established in thia
place in 1812, by the General Asaembly of the
Preabyterian Church. It faaa 2 profeasors, one of
«lidactic Eind polemic Theology, the other of Eccle
siastical history ; a partial provision haa alao been
made for inatructiou in Oriental and and Biblical
Literature. The edifice for the accommodation of
the institution is an elegant stone building 150
feet by 50, four atoriea high, and containing rooms
for 100 atudents. The term of atudy ia S yeara.
Tuition and the uae of the Ubrary are afforded
gratia to all the atudents, and there are funda for
the aupport of the indigent. The number of atu
denta in 1821, waa 73. During the sessions of the
General .4aaembly of the Preabyterian cfaurch, and
the General Synod of the Associate Reformed
church in the spring of 1821, apian was adopted
to effect a union of tiie two churchea and of their
reapective Theological Seminaries. The library
of the Associate Reformed Church's Theologicsil
Seminary, now eatabUahed in New- York, and con
aiating of 4,000 valuable volumea, (which cost
$17,000,) according to this plan', ia to be trans
ferred to Princeton, and the funds of the two in
stitutions are also to be united. Nothing is want
ing to complete the union but the concurrence of
the Presbyteries of the Associate Reformed
church, ofwhich there is little doubt.
Princeton, p-t. Caldwell co. Ken.
Princeton, p-t, Butier co. Ohio, 6 m. E, HamU
ton. Princeton, p-t and cap. Gibson co, Indiana, on
a handsome elevation 4 m. S. of the river Potoka,
28 S. Vincennes, 28 N, Evansvflle on the Ohio,
In 1818, it contained a court-house and jail, and
93 dwelling-houses,
Principato Citra, province in the central part
ofthe kingdora of Naples, having tfae Mediterra
nean to tfae W, Extent, 2,400 square rafles. Pop,
about 245,000. Tfae capital is Salerno.
Principato Ultra, province of the kingdom of
Naplea, Extent, 1,800 aquare miles. Pop.
358,000. The chieftown ia Avellino.
Pringh, Point, cape on the N. E. coast of Ker
guelen's Land. Lon. 69° 14' E. Lat. 48° 48' S.
Prinkipo, the largest and moat eastern of the
Prince's islands, a league from tfae cosist of Asia'
Minor. Lod. 28° 56' E. Lat 40° 51' N.
Prionino, Cape, promontory of Spain, on the N,
coastof GaUcia. Lon, 8° 15° W. Lat.43° 28' N.
Prior's Leigh, t. Eng. in Salop, 3 m. W. N. W.
Shiffnal. Pop. 1,788,
Prioro, Cape, cape, Spain, on the N, coast of
Galicia, Lon, 8° 22" W, Lat 43° 34' 15" N,
Pripecs. See Przipiee.
Prisrend, or Prisrendi. See Perfitrm,

Pritserbe, t Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
on the Havel, 8 m, N, N, E. Brandenburg, Pop,
900, Pritzler's Harbour, bay on the N, aide of Hud
son's straits, Lon, 67" 10' W, Lat, 62" N.
Pritswalk, t Prussian Stales, in Brandenburg,
63 m. N. W. Beriin, 14 E. N. E. Perleberg. Pop.
1,800. Privas, t France, cap. of Ardeche, on three riv-
lUets near the Rhone, 22 ra, S, W, Valence, 28
S. S, W, Tournon, Pop. 3,000.
Prabolingo, cap. of a district of Java, now
occupied by the British govemraent
Probus, V, Eng. in Cornwall, 3 ra. W. Gram-
pound. Pop. 1,163.
Praby, Cape, the N. E. point of Howe's island,
one of Queen Charlotte's islands. Lou. 164" 31'
W. Lat 11" 3'S.
Praby' s Island, amall isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 175° 51' W. Lat 15° Sff S.
Procida, ial. of the Mediterranean, offthe coast
of Naples, 22 ra. W. Naples. Lon. 13° 4ff E. Lat.
40° SO' N. Pop, 12,000,
Proctor's Point, cape offthe S, coast of Antigua,
Lon, 61° 29' W, Lat, 17° ff N,
Pradano, (an. Prate,) small ial. of Greece, off
the W. coaat ofthe Morea, 16 ra. N. by W. Nava
rin. Lat 37° IffN.
Pradsdten, t. Bsvvarian atates, on the Maine, 17
m, S, S, E, Aachaffenburg;. Pop, 800.
Prokapia. See Precopia.
Prome, or Prone, city of the Birman empire, ou
the E, banlc of the Irrawuddy river, in a fertile
plain. It carriea on a considerable trade, Lon.
95° E. Lat 18° 50' N.
Proskurow, or Proskuirow, t. Rusaism Poland,
in Podolia, 45 ra. N. N. E. Caminiec.
Prospect, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, on the W.
aide of Uie Penobacot, al its entrance into Penob
scot bay, 15 ra. N. W. Castine, 227 N. E. Boston,
Pop, 1,300.
Prospect, p-t Prince Edward co- Va.
Prospect-hill, p-v. Fairfax co. Va. 14 m. W.
Washington, Prosperous, v. Ireland, in Kildare, 5 ra. N, N,
W, Naaa,
Prossnitz, or Prostiegow, t. Auatrian Slates, in
Moravia, 9 m. S, S, W, Olrautz, Pop. 7,000,
Prosto, t Austrian Italy, 8 m, S, Borraio.
Proszna, r. which forms the boundary between
the Russian and Prussian Poland, and faUa into the
¦yVartfaaat Peiaern,
Protection Port, faarbour at the N, W, extremi
ty of Prince of Wales' Arcfaipelsigo. Lon, of the
entrance, 226" Sff E. Lat, 56° 20' N,
Provence, forraerly a province in tfae S, E, of
France, bounded E. by It-aly, S, by the Mediterra
nean, It now forms the departments of the Lower
Alpa, the Var, tfae Mouths-of-the-Rhone, and par-t
of Vaucluse,
Providen, small isl, off the N, coast of Ceylon,
28 ra, S. S. E. Trincomalee.
Providence, New, one of the Bahama islands, 35
miles long and 9 broad. It faas a good harbour,
formed by Hog island on the N, and by the main
land of New Providence onthe S, Naaaau,the prin
cipal town, ia situated along the S, side of the har
bour, and is one of the most picturesque situaliona
in the W, Indiea, Considerable trade has been of
late years carried on between the Bahama islands
and the U, States. Pop. in 1803, 1,758 wfaitea,
817 people of colour, and 2,515 alavea.; total,
6,090, It is between lon, 77" Iff and 77° 38' W.
lat. 25° 3' N.

604

PRO

Providence, isl, in (the W. jart of the Carribe
an sea, near the coast of Honduras.
Providence, small ish in the Pacific ocean, Lon.
127° 12' E. Lat. 4" 2' N,
Providence, sraaU isl. in the Indian aea, Lon,
62° 46'E, Lat 9° 10' S,
Providence, Cape, promontory in the straits of
Magellan, on the S, Araerican ahore, Lon, 75°
29' W-, Lat 62° 5ff S.
Providence, Cape, cape of Oonalasfaka. Lon.
166° Iff W Lat 54° ffN,
Providence, small isl, in the Indian sea, Lon,
78° E, Lat. 5" 6' N,
Providence, Great and Little, small ialanda in
the Pacific ocean, Lon, 135° 53' E. Lat 0° 24' S,
Providence, co, Rhode-Island, bounded N, and
E, by Msiasachuselts, S. by Kent co, and W, by
Connecticut, Pop, 30,769,
Providence, p-t, and port of entry, Proridence
CO. R. Island, the largest town in the State, and
the third in New-England in point of population,
stands on Providence river, just above the mouth
of tfae Seekhonk, 35 ra, from the ocean, 30 N. by
W, Newport, 59 N, E, New-London, 74 E. Hart
ford, 40 S, S, W, Boston, Lon, 7 1° Iff W. Lat, 41°
Sl' N, Pop. 10,071. The town ia buiU on botfa
sidea of the river, and the two parts are connected
by an elegant bridge. Merchant sfaips of the lar
geat clasa ascend to this place. .
Providence is one of the we-althiest and most
flourishing to-wns of its size in the United Statea.
The principal aource of its prosperity is tfae cotton
manufacture, which was infroduced aboUt 15
years ago, and haa increaaed with astonishing ra
pidity. "There are now more than 100 cotton fac
tories in Rhode-ls'land and the adjacent parts of
Connecticut and Massacfausetts, tfae business of
whicfa is transacted principally in Providence.
Among the manufacturing establishments within
the town, are 5 cotton factories, 2 wooUen facto
riea, 3 dye-houaes, 5 distilleriea, 3 rope- walka, 2
spermaceti works, and 10 jeweller's ahopa, where
jewelry ia manufactured principally for exporta
tion. The commerce of the town haa increased
with its manufactures. The amount of shipping
in I8I9, was 19,000 tona, of which about 5,000
were employed in the East-India trade, and 5 or
6,000 in the coasting trade with the aouthern
States, connected principally with the cotton bu-
sinesa. About 10 vessels are constantiy employed
in the exportation of cotton goods. ' Packets ply
regularly between Providence and Newport,
Bristol, and Warren,
The town contains a court-house, market-house,
town-hou:!p, theatre, jail, hospital, 7 banks, in
cluding a branch of the U. S. Bank ; 6 insurance
companies, 4 printing-offices, from 3 of which
newapapers are issued; a coUege, a public li
brary, 3 academies, including the Friends'
boarding school, and 8 religious societies, 3 of
Congregationalists, 2 of Baptists, 1 of Episco-
pali'dns, 1 of Friends, and 1 of Methodists. Sev
eral of the churches are elegant edifices. Ma-
ny of the private houses are handsougc. In Sep
tember 1815, the town suffered severely from a
tremendous gale which forced the water in the
river many feet above tho highest tides, and delu
ged the town, destroying houses and shipping to
an amount pstimntcd at ,f 1,500,000,
Brovn University in this place is one of the
most flourishing a lid respectnble literary institu
tions in the United Statea, It was originally ea
tabliahed at Warren in 1764, and was removed to
Providence in 1770, It haa a preaident, 8 profes-

P R U
sora, viz, of mathematica and natural philosophyi
of law, of moral philoaophy and metaphysics, ot
oratory and belles lettres, of anatomy and surgery,
of materia medica and botany, of the theory and
practice of physic, and of chemistry. In 1819,
there were 3 tutors and 126 students. The libra
ry contains more than 6,000 volumea, and the phi
losophical apparatus is extensive and complete.
The college edifice is of brick, 150 feet by 46, four
storieshigh, containing 48 rooms for students, and
8 large rooms for public uses, Ita site is elevated
and commands a fine prospect. The president
and a majority ofthe Trustees are requfred to be
of the Baptist denomination. There is a gram
mar achool connected with the University, con
taining uauaUy about 30 students.
Providence, North, p-t. Providence co. R. Island,
4 m. N. of Providence. It conlsiins 10 cotton fac
toriea, 2 furnaces, 1 slitting-mill, 2 anchorjhops,
and several other manufactories. The village of
Pawtucket is in this town. See Pawtucket.
Providence River, R, Istand, is formed by Wa-
nasquiatucket smd Moshasuck which unite just
above Providence. It runs into Proridence bay,
tfae northem arm of Narraganaet bay, and is navi
gable lo Providence for ships of 900 tons.
Providence, t Saratoga co. N. Y. 14 m. S. W.
Saratoga, 34 W. Albany. Pop. 1,694.
Providence, t. Essex co. N. J. on the Passaic,
W, of Newark. Pop. 756-
Praridence, t. Luzerne co- Pa. Pop. 889.
Providence-, p-t Bedford co. Pa. Pop. 1,492.
Providence, Lower, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
904. Providence, Nether, t. Detaware co. Pa. Pop.
594. Providence, Upper, t. Delaware co. Pa. Pop.
561. Providence, Upper, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
1,395; Providence, p-t Mecklenburg co. N.C
Pravincetown, p-t, Barnstable co. Mass. at tbe
extremity of tfae peninsula of Cape Cod, 3 m. S.E,
Race Point, 60 S. E. Boston, by water, 116 by
land. Its faarbour, which is one ofthe best in the
State, opena to the southward, and has depth" of
water for any ships. The houses are one story
high, and aet on piles, that the driving sands may
pass under them, otherwise they would be buried
Tfae inhabitants derive their subsistence from the
prosecution of the fisheries, and are dependent on
Boaton and on tfae towna in the vicinity for every
vegetable production. They have a few cows,
which pick a scanty subsistence from roots and
beach graaa. Pop, 936, Lat 42° 3' N, Lon 70°
9'W.
Provins, t. France, in Seine-srad-Marne, 42 m-
W, by N, Troyes, 60 S, E, Paris, Pop, 5,500, .
Prudence, ial, in Narraganset bay, belonging to
Portamouth, R, laland, 6 mflea long, 2 m, S, W,
Bristol, Pruna, Punta, cape ofthe island of Minorca,
Lon, 4° 17' E, Lat 39° 49' N ,
Prunes, Islands af, small ial, near the E, coaat of
Madagascar, Lon, 49° 48' E. Lat, 1 8" S,
Prvntytown, p-t. Harrison co, Va,
Prussia, or the Prtissian States, kingdom, Eu
rope, consisting principally of two territories, en
tirely distinct and separate from each other, one
lying in the esist, the other in the west of Germa
ny, The eastern division is much the largest,
comprehending five-sixtha of the whole, and 'la'
¦bounded N, by the Baltic ; E, by Russia ; S,-by
the Austrian dominions aud Saxony ; W. by sev-

P R U

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605

eral amall German States, The western division
Uea on both sides of the river Rhine, and ia boun
ded W, by the Netherlanda, and on sdl other aidea
by amall German States,
The extent, population, and revenue of the
provinces, waa in 1817, nearly aa followa :

Eaat Pruasia,
West Prussia,
Brandenburg, Pomerania,
Silesia, Posen,Saxony,Westphalia, Cleves & Berg,
Lower Rhine,

Sq. miles.
16,116
10,000 14,939
12,36314,86111,261 8,4927,565
3,6386,432

Pop'ulotion. 870,0001 "
580,0001
1,200,000 680,000
2,100,000 790,000
1,180,0001,000,000 930,000
1,000,000

Revenue.
£1,150,000 1,700,000
1,400,000 360,000760,000 580,000
1,050,000

Total, 104,656 10,330,000 £7,000,000
The Swias canton of Neufchatel (population
about 60,0f)0,) acknowledges also the aovereignty
ofthe house of Brandenburg,
Wheat, oats, barley, and potatoes are generally
cultivated. Flax ia sm object of genersd culture
in WestpfaaUa and SUeaia. Silesia and Westpha
Ua have long been noted for the manufacture of
Unens, Woollens are also made, more or less, in
almost every town or large village. Cotton worka
are of recent introduction, and have been eatab
lished near the Rhine, at Berlin, at Erfurt, at El
berfeld, and in particular quarters of Sileaia, The
exporta consiat of linen, and, in a much less de
gree, of woollena smd hardwsu-e, with corn, wool,
timber, pitch, tar, potash, liutaeed, tobacco, and
wax, Tfae chief trade takea place with Great
BritEiin, whither Pruasia aends her corn, and
takes in return both manufactures and colonial
gooda. The religion of the royal family of Prussia, and
ofa majority of the population, ia the Calvinist ;
but Chriatians of all denominations are tolerated.
The relative number of different creeds is as fol
lows : — ^Calviniata and Lutherans, 6,600,000 —
Catiiolics, 3,600,000— Jews, 75,000— Anabaptists,
14,000 — ^Moravian brethren, 7,000 — Unitarians,
Pietists, and merabers of the Greek Church, 4,000.
The universities are 4 in number, viz, Berlin,
Halle, Breslau, Konigsberg.
The revenue araounts to about 7,000,000/,; the
pubUc debt to about 40,000,000/, aterling.
The array exceeds 150,000 raen, a nuraber far
too great for the reaources of tfae country,
Prussia had forraerly, like all governments
founded by the northem nationa, a representa
tive body, under the name of Stales, For many
years, however, the government has been abso
lute, the sovereign having found means to conduct
the pubUc buainesa without the intervention of
States, The people are now anxiously waiting
for the re-establishment of a representative body
or parliament, and it ia hard to describe the
dearee of disappointraent experienced by the
better classes of society in Prussia, at the succea-
sive delaya and evasions of their court, which sis
yet (1820) has done Uttie raore than new model
the departments ofthe executive branch,
Prussia, Proper, a great diviaion of the Prus
aian dominions, composed ofthe provincea of East
and West Prussia, Eaat Prussia, or Ducal Prus
sia, as it has frequently been called, lies between
19' 20' and 24° 15' E, lon, and 62° 32' and 56°3' N,
lat It is divided into the two goyernments oi^

Konigaberg and Gumbinnen, Two thirda of the
population are descendants of Swisa, French, or
German Protestants. Corn of aU kinds, aa well
as flax and hemp, are largely cultivated. West
Pruaaia ia divided intothe governments of Dantzic
and Marienwerder,
Prussana, I. Eu. Russia, in Grodno, 63 ra,N,E.
Brzcak, Pruth, r. which riaea iu the palatinate of Mar-
maroach, in Hungary, flowa through the Buko
wine, forma the boundary between tfae Russian
and 'Turkish dominions in Moldavia, and falla into
the Danube below Galalz,
Pruym, t, Pruaaian province of the Lower
RhineJ 40 m. S, S, E. Aix-la-Chapelle, Pop.
1,100, Prybus. See Priebus.
Prsasznitz, t. Poland, 55 m, N, by E, Waraaw,
Pop, 1,000.
Prselttutsch, t. Bohemia, 52 m, E, Prague,
Pop, 1,100,
Prsemysl, a circle of Auatrian Poland, Area,
1,420 aquare miles. Pop, about 212,000, Prze-
myal, the chief town ia on the San, 57 m, W, Lem
berg, 122 E. Cracow, Pop, 7,400,
Prsipiec, or Pripecz, r. Russian Poland, which
falls into the Dnieper, 40 m, above Kiev,
Prsyrow, t Poland, 64 ra, N, by W, Cracow,
Pop, 1,100,
Psatho, s-p, Greece, in Lavadia, at the extrem
ity ofthe gulfof Lepanto,
Psiloriti, (an, Ida,) mountain of Eu, Turkey, ia
the ialand of Candia, covered with snow during
the greater part ofthe year,
Psiol, r. Eu, Ruasia, in Poltava, which faUs into
the Dnieper,
Pskov, a government of Eu, Ruasia, between Li
vonia and Smolensko. Extent, 22,000 square
mflea. Pop, 700,000,
Pskov, the capital of the above government, and
tfae aee of a Greek arcfabiahop, is at tfae confluence
of tfae rivers VeUkaja and Pskov, 224 m, S, S, W.
St Petersburg, Pop. 7,000,
Ptolemais. See Acre.
Ptokmeta, t on tfae coast of Barca, ancient
Ptolemais. Lon, 20° 4ff E. Lat 32" SO' N,
Pubna, t. Bengal, on tfae N, bankof the Ganges.
Lon. 89° 12' E. Lat. 24" N.
Puch de Gontoud, t. France, in Lot-and-Ga
ronne, 14 ra. S. by E, Marmande, 22 N, W.
Agen, Pop, 1,400,
Puchacay, province of Chili, bounded N. by Ita
ta, E. by Huilquilerau, S. by the river Biobio, and
W, bv the sea. It is 12 leagues long from N, te
S, and 23 frora E. to W, Pop, 13,000,
Puchmary, t„ Hind, in Kemaon, Lat not as
certained. Puckholi, diatrict, Hind, on the E, side of theln-
dus. PuckhoU, the capital, is in lon, 72° 8' E.
lat 33" 46' N.
Pucka, or Puckrow, t. Hungary, 22 ra, N. by E,
Trentschin, Pop. 3,000,
Pucouloe, t, Bengal, in Dacca, Lon. 89° 55' E.
Lat 24° ffN.
Pundar, r. Hind, which rises iu Ajmeer, and
empties itself into the gulfof Cutch, SO m. S. W.
Janagur, Pudewitz, or Powiedsisk, t. Pruasian Poland, 16
m. E, N, E, Posen, Pop, 1,100,
. Pudlein, or Podolin, t, Hungary, 9 m, N,-N, E,
Kesmark, Pop, 2,100,
Pudascha, t, Eu, Russia, in Olonetz, 65 m, E,
Petrozavodsk, Pop, 1,100.

606

PUE

Pudsey, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 m. E. Bradford.
Pop. 4,697.
P-uducotta, t. India, in Tanjore, 32 m.S, S, W,
Tanjore, Lon, 78° Sff E, Lat 10° 20' N.
Puebla de ks Angeles, intendancy of New Spain,
bounded N, E, by Vera Cruz, E, by Oaxaca, S, by
the ocean, and W, by Mexico, Pop, 813,300,
Puebla, La, de hs Angeles, t, Mexico, and capi
tal of the intendancy of Puebla, After Mexico,
Guanaxuato, and the Havannah, it is the moit
conaiderable of the Spanish cities in the new
continent. Its temples are sumptuous. It waa
formerly celebrated for its fine manufactoriea of
delf-ware and pots. It is also famoua for its manu
factures of iron and steel, particularly sword«,
bayonets, &c. 70 ra, E, S, E, Mexico, 160 W, N,
W, Vera Cruz, Pop, 67,800,
Puebla de la Borco, t Spain, in Alva, 10 m, S,
W, Vittoria,
Fuente del Arcobispo, t, Spain, on Uie Tagus, 68
m, W. S, W, Toledo. Pop, 1,200,
Fuente de Don Gonsalo, t Spsun, in Cordova,
15 m, W, Lucena, Pop, 4,800,
Puente d'Eume, t, Spain, in Galicia, 8 m, N,
Betanzos, Puente de la Reyna, t, Spain, in Navarre, 2 m,
S,S,W, Pampeluna,
Puerco, Ria, r, Mexico, which joins the Rio
del Norte, 100 milea below the Presidio delNorte,
P'uers, t, Netherlands, 10 m. W,by N, Mechlin,
12 S, by W, Antwerp, Pop, 4,000,
Puerto de las Angelas, harbour on the coaat of
Mexico, Lat 16° 50' N,
Puerto de los Aquilas, a-p, Spain, in Murcia, 10
m, from Lorca,
Puerto del Baylio B'ucareU, bay on the W, coast
ofthe Prince of Wales' Archipelsigo. Lon, 226°
12' to 227" 6' E. Lat 56° 14' to 65° 4ff N,
Puerto de Bason, bay on the S. W, coaat of the
Prince of Walea' Archipelago, Lon, 227° 16'E.
Lat 64° 49' N.
Puerto de Cabanas, harbour on the N, coaat of
Cuba, Lon, 83° & W, Lat. 23' 4' N,
Puerto Cabello. See CabeUo, Porto.
Puerto Calvo, harbour on the coaat of Brazil,
Lon, 34° 5ff W, Lat 9° 10' S,
Puerto del Canaveral, harbour on the S. coaat of
Pitt's Archipelago, Lon. 230° 16' E, Lat 53°
32' N,
Puerto de Colvolks. See Nacho.
Puerto Clara, bay of the Pacific ocean, on the
coaat ofDarien. Lat. 6° 52' N.
Puerto Cordova, bay on the E. coast of Prince
WiUiam's sound, Lon, 214° 13' E, Lat 60° 37' N,
Puerto Cordova y Cordova, bay of the Pacific
ocean, on tfae S, side of th'- Prince of Wales's Ar
chipelago, Lon, 227° 28' to 228" E. Lat 54° 42'
to65°6'N, '
Puerto Deseada. See Desire, Port.
Puerto Eseondido, harbour on the W. coast of
Mexico, Lat 16° 12' N,
Puerto Falsa, bay on the coaat of New Albion,
Lon, 243° «' E, Lat S2°4ff N, '
Puerto Gravina, inlet on the N, W, coast of
America, in Prinoe William's aound, Lon, 214°
45' E, Lat 60° 44' N,
Puerto, Real, t. Spain, in Seville, 6 m, E, Ca
diz, It is the great depot of the salt made in the
tanks that surround the isle of Leon and bay of
Cadiz on the S, E, side. The annual quantity
made ia eatimated at above a million of tons, all
prepared by the heat of the sun. Pop, 10,000,
JPufrto ReviUa Gigedo, bay of Prince WiUiam's

P U L
sound, on the N. W, coastof America, Lon,213^
26' E, Lat 60° 66' N,
Puerto, St. Martin del, city of Grenada, in gt
Juan de loa Llanos, SO leagues from Santa Fe.
Puerto St. Pedro, bay, Brazil, at the mouth of
Rio Grande. Lat 31° 4ff S.
Puerto St. Yago, s-p. Mexico, in Xalisdo, 25 m.
S. Purification. Lon. 1 05° 46' W. Lat 1 9° Sff N.
Puerto de Santa Maria, or St. Mary's, s-p,
Spain, in Seville, at tfae mouth of the river Gua
dalete, 5 m. N, E. Cadiz, Pop, 12,000.
Puerto de Valdes, inlet on the N. W. coast of
America, in Prince Willisun's sound. Lon. 213°
Sff E.Lat 61" 7'N.
Pugonts, or Boko Banya, t Hungsiry, 29 m- E.
Neutra, 73 E, N, E. Presburg, Pop, 2,400.
Puget, t. France, in Var, 18 m. N,E, Toulon.
Pugei Theniers, t Piedmont, 22 m, N, W, Nice^
Pop, 1,000,
Puget, Cape, cape on the N, W. coast of Amer
ica, forming the W. point, at tfae enlrsrace info
Port Bainbridge, Lon. 212° 9J' E. Lat 59° 55' N,
PugeVs Island, isl, about 5 mfles long, in Co
lumbia river, 24 m. from tfae mouth.
Puget's Sound, inlet S. of Adrairalty inlet, with
in Georgia's aound. Lon. 237° 25' E, Lat 47°
Iff N.
Puglia. See Apulia.
Pughtown, p-v. Cheater co. Pa.
Puika, or Payk, r. Auatrisra Illyria, remarkable
for tfae space which it flows under ground.
Puisceky, t, France, in Tam, 12 ra. N, W, Gail
lac. Pop. 1,500.
Puiseaux, t. France, in Loiret, 36 m. N. E, Or
leans, Pop. 1,800,
Puisserguier, t Frsmce, in Herault, 9 m. W,
Beziers. Pop, 1,300.
Pujolis, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 12 m.
N. by E. Agen, Pop. 2,100,
Piijolis, t. Frsmce, in Gironde, 28 m. E, Bour-
deauk. Pop. 2,000,
Pularum Isle, one of the sraaUest of the BEUida
isles, Lon. 129° 45' E, Lat 5° Sff N.
Pulaski, CO. Georgisi, on the E. aide of Oakmul
gee river. Pop. 2,093, including 528 slaves.
Chieftown, Hartfori
Pulaski, p-t. and cap. Gilea co. Tennessee, on
Richland creek. Pop. 350.
Pulaski, CO. in Uie S. part of Kentucky. Pop.
6,897, including 468 slavea.
Pulaski, CO. Arkansaw Territory, on the river
Arkansaw. Pop. 1,936. Chieftown, Cadron.
Pulaway, t. Poland, on the Vistula, 27 m. VV.
N. W. Lublin.
Pullicat, s-p. India, in the Carnatic. Lon, 80°
2ff E, Lat i3°2ff N.
Pullumnaire, t. India, in the Csu-natic, Lon,
78°60'E. Lat 30° 10' N,
Pulmary, t. Hind, in Aurungabad. Lon. 76° 3'
E, Lat, 19° Sff N,
Pulo Akat, sraall isl, in the Eastern seaa, near
the N, E, coast of Cerara, Lon, 131° ff E, Lat 3°
ff S,
Pulo Ampal, small isl, in the Eastern seas, near
the W, coast of Suraatra, Lon, 99° 29' E, Lat 0°
44' S,
Puk Anam, sraall isl, in the Eastern seas,
near the W, coast of Sumatra. Lon. 99° 27' E,
Lat, 0° 4ff S,
Pulo Anna, sraall isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon,
131° 4ff E, Lat 4° Sff N,
Pulo Aru, small island in the straits of Malac
ca. Lou, 100" 24' E, Lat, 2° 57' N.

P U L

PUN

607

.' J'uio Ayi small isL in the Eastero seas, a Uttle
to the W. ofthe Great Banda.
Pulo Ayer, amall isl. near the W. cosist of Su
mafra. Lon. 100° 12' E. Lat. 1° 1 1' S.
Pvlo Babee, smsdl isl. in the straits of Sundsi.
Lon. 106° Iff E, Lat 5° 46' S,
Puk Babi, or Hog Island, small ial, near the N,
coastof the iatand of Nias, Lon, 97° E, Lat 1°
27' N,
Pulo Bally, ial, in the Eastern seaa, divided from
the island of Bachian by a cfaannel 6 miles wide,
Lon. about 123° 3ff W. Lat. 0° Sff S.
Pulo Baniack Isk, araaU ial. about 25 miles in
circumference, off the W. coast of Suraatra, be
tween 2° and 3° N. lat
PiUo Batu, isl. off tfae W, cosut of Sumatra,
about 40 mflea long and 1 2 broad, Lon, 97° Sff E.
LatO°2ffN, Pulo Bavo, smsdl isL in tfae Eastern sesis, near
Ui^ S. coast of Nias, Lon, 97° 18' E, Lat 0°
62' N,
Puk Bintanga, small isl. near the W, coast of
Sumatra. Lon. 89" 47' E. 0" 68' S.
Puk Brasse, isl. near the N. W. coast of Suma
tra. Lou. 95° Sff E. Lat 6° Sff N,
Pulo Bringen, small ial, near the W. coast of
Suraatra. ' Lon. 100° 21' E, Lat, 1° 58' S,
Pulo Cannibas Isk. See Noesa Camboz.
Pulo, Cape. See Pok, Cape.
Pulo Cosse, isl, near tfae W, coast of Sumatra,
Lon, 99° 28' E . Lat 0° 2ff S,
Puk Dammer, isl, in the Eastern aesis, about
30 miles in circumference, near the S, coastof Gi
lolo. Lou, 128° 22' E, Lat. 0° 58' S,
Puk Dalle, ial. near the W, ooaat of Borneo,
Lon, 108° 59' E. Lat 0° 8' N,
Puk Dao, ial, near the W, coast of Suraatra.
Lon. 97° S3' E, Lat 1° 18' N,
Pulo Duo, isl. near the W. coast of Sumatra.
Lon. 97° E.Lat 2° 46' N.
Puk Een, or Fish Island, isl. in the Eastem
aeas, off the N. coaat of Waygiou. Lon. 130° 37'
E.LatO°12'N. Pulo Ely, isl. near tfae W. coaat ;pf Sumatra.
Lon. 98° 11' E. Lat 1° ff N.
Pulo Gttsseb, isl, near the S, E, coaat of Ceram,
Lon, 131° Iff E, Lat 3° 2ff S, '
Pulo Gasses, ial, in the Esistern aeaa, near thq E,
coast of Oby, Lon, 128°2ff E, Lat, 1° 37' S,
PiUo Goere, isl, nesir the N. coaat of Sumatra,
Lon, 97° 42' E, Lat 4" 42' N,
Pulo Lalang, ial. in the straits of Malaca, Lon,
100° ffE, Lat 2" 25'N,
Puk Lout, isl, in the Eastern aeaa, at the S, en
trance of tfae Straits of Macsissar, about 100
miles iu circumference, Lon, ll6° 24' E, Lat, 3°
46' S.
Pulo Minlaan. See Puk Batu. r
Pulo Nancy, isl, near tfae N, coaat of Sumatra,
Lon, 95° 21 ' E, Lat, 5° IffN,
. Puk Nianw, or Ausquitto, island near the W,
ooaat of Sumatra, Lon, 99° 45' E, Lat 1" 8' S,
Puk Nye, amall ial, in the Eastern aeaa, near
the W. coast of Poggy. Lon. 99° 32' E. Lat. 2°
48' S.
Puk Panjong^mall isl. off the N. coaat of Ja
va. Lon. 104° 65' E. Lat, 1° 3' S.
Pulo Penneu, or Orange Island, araall isl, near
the W, co-ast of Sumafra, Lon, 100° ff E, Lat 1°
28' S,
Pulo Pinang. See Prince of Wales' Island.
Puk Pisang, sraall isl. in the Eastern seas,
Lon. 128° 4ff E, Lat, 1° 22' 30" S-

Pulo Ran, small ial. in the Eaatem seSs, near
the S. E. coast of Gilolo. Lon, 128° 30' E, Lat 0°
4ffS, Pulo Rondo, smEdl ialanda in the Eaatern aeaa,
N, of Sumatra, Lon, 96° 22' E, Lat 6° 45' N,
PiUo Roopat, ial, in tfae straits of Malacca, sepa
rated by a narrow channel from Sumatra, Lon.
IQrff E.Lat l°6ff N.
Pulo Sobadda, small ial. near tfae W. coaat of
Sumatra. Lon. 99° 63' E. Lat. 1° 3' S.
Pulo Sabudo, small ial. in tfae Eastem seas, 30
m. W. New Guinea. Lon. 131" 48' E. Lat 2" 35' S,
Puk Salonama, amall ial. in the atraita of Mal
acca, near the N. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 98° 61'
E. Lat 3° 27' N.
PiUo Timoan, ial. in the Eastern seas. Lou.
104° 26' E, Lat 3° N.
Puk Timpalis, amall isl, in the atrsiits of Malac
ca, near the N, E, coast of Sumatra, Lon, 97° 45'
E, Lat 4° 27' N,
Pulo 7h/i, small ial, between Borneo and Su
matra, Lat0°63'S,
Puk Trooson, amsfll ial, near the W, coaat of Su
matra, . Lon, 99° 6ff E. Lat, 1° 6' S.
Pulo TuUong, small ial, in the atrsdta of Msflac-
ca, Lon, 100° Sff E, Lat, 4° 27' N,
Puk Vardla, ial, in the atraita of Malacca, 20
ra. offthe N, E, coast of Sumatra, Lon, 99° 36' E.
Lat 3° 47' N.
Pulo Way, one ofthe Spice iatanda, 9 m, W, Go-
rong Apee, Lon. 130° 2ff E. Lat 4° 9' S,
Pulo Way, ialand about SO raflea in circurafer
ence, near tbe N, coast of Suraafra, 27 ra, N.
Acheen, Lon, 95° 33' E, Lat 6" 33' N,
Pulsnitz, or Pokena, t. Saxony, 13 m, N, E,
Dreaden, Pop, 1,300,
Pultava. See Poltava.
Pultney, p-t. Steuben co. N. Y. on the W. side
of Crooked lake, 11 ra, N, Bath, 232 W, Albany.
Pop, 1,038.
Pultney, t. Belmont co. Ohio, on Ohio river, 10
m. S. E. St Clairsville, 9 ra. below WheeUng, Va.
Pop. in 1815, 840.
Pultrieyvilk, p-v. in Williamaon, N. Y. on Lake
Ontario. P'ultusk, or Pultovsk, t. Poland, on the Narew,
34 m. N. N, E, Warsaw. Pop, 2, 100,
Pulwell, t. Hind, in Agra, Lon, 77° Iff E, Lat.
28° 11' N.
Puna, city, S. Araerica, on the bordera of Lake
Chucuito or Titicaca, in the neighbourhood oi
rich silver raines, 14 ra. N, W, Chucuito, Loni
70° 2ff W, Lat, 16° 2ff S,
Pwna, ial, district, and city, S, Anderica, at the
raouth of the fiver Guayaquil, Lon, 70° 58' W-
Lat2°5ffS, Punch HaU, p-v, Caroline co, Md,
Punda, or Pundy, t. Hind, in Bejapore, Loa.
74° 3' E, Lat 61° 20' N,— Tfaere ia anotfaer place
of the aame name in the Northern Circsura, Lon.
84°4ffE,Latl8°43'N, Punderpoor, or P«n<iepo»-e,t, Hind, in Bejapore.
Lon, 72° Iff E, Lat, 17° 5ff N,
Pundua, or Purruah, t, Bengal, Lon, 88° ff E,
Lat. 26° 9' N,
Purnganoar, t and fort. Hind, in Golcoudab,
Lon, 78° 42' E. Lat, 13° Iff N,
Pungoteague, p-v. Accomack co, Va,
PurSieta, t. Portugal, at the confluence of the
Zezere and the Tagus, 8 ra, W, N, W, Abrantes,
Pop. 1,100.
P'unitz, t. Prusaian Poland, 45 m. S. Posen,
-Pop., 1,400. . . - ,
Punjab, or Five Rivers, an extensive region of

608

PUT

P Y L

Hindoatan, in poasesaion of the Seiks, piincipally
situated in Lahore, but including part of Moul
tan. The five rivera whicfa give name to this
country, are the Sutlege, the Beyah, the Rauvee,
the Chunaub, and the Behut or Jhylum.
Punna. See Pannah.
Punon, in Sac. Geog, t Idumea, between Petra
and Zoar, faraoua for ita rainea.
Punta das Baxas, cape on the W. coast of Afri
ca. Lat 5° 32' N.
Punta del Gada. See oPnto Delgada.
Punta Mocalanga, cape on the E. coast of Af
rica. Lat 17° S.
P'unta de Monte Seca, cape, W. Africa, in Con
go, at the mouth ofthe Zaire.
Punuga, t Hind, in Bootan. Lon. 89° 23' E.
Lat 27° 23' N.
Purace, v. New Granada, iu Popayan, on a
great plain among the Andes, at the height of
10,000 feet.
Purbeck, Isle of, district, Eng. in Dorset co. on
the English cfaannel, nearly surrounded by the sea
and the river Frome. It hsia been long famoua for
its stone, whicfa is in great demand botfa for buil
ding aud paving.
Purchena, t. Spsiin, in Granada, 77 m. W. S.W.
Carthagena, 73 E. Granada. Pop, 3,000.
Purdie's Isles, islets offthe S. coast of New Hol
land, oppoaite Point BeU. Lon. 133° ff E. Lat 32°
16i' S.
Purfleet, v. Eng. in Eaaex, on the Thamea, 20 m.
E. by S. London.
Purmerend, t. Netherlanda, in North Holland,
11 m. N. Araaterdam. Pop. 2,400.
Purneah, diatrict in the N. W. of Bengal. Pop.
1 ,600,000. Purneah, the capital, ia on the E. bank
of Uie Seraw river. Loh. 88° 23^ E. Lat. 26" 4ff N,
Purysburg, or Purrysburg, t. Beaufort diatrict,
S. C, on Savannah river. It contains about 50 hou
ses, and an Episcopal cfaurcfa, 20 ra, above Sa
vannah, 94 S. W. Charlealon,
Pusa, or Poasa, t. Hind, in Bahar.
Pusambio. See Purace.
Pushow. See Pooshaw.
Pustasersk, t. Eu. Rusaia, in Archangel, Lon,
51° 14' E, Lat. 67° 28' N.
Puteoli, in Sac, Geog, city, Italy, 8 ra, from Na
ples, 100 S, Rome,
Put-in-Bay, bay formed by the largest of the
Baaa islands, near the W, end of lake Erie, 8 m,
N. W, by N, Sandusky bay. It has two entrances,
one from the east and the other from the west. It
admits vessels of any draught, ia ahellered from
every wind, and ia the fineat harbor, except that
of Erie, on tfae Lake, From tfaia bay Commo
dore Perry aailed on the memorable 10th Septem
ber 1813, when he captured the Britiah fleet. In
the ialand ia a remarkable cave,
Putivl, t. Eu. Russia, in Kursk, on the river
Sem, 120 m, W, S, W, Kursk. Pop, 9,000,
Putnam, t, Lincoln co. Msiine, SO m, N, Wis
casset Putnam, co, N. Y, bounded N, by Dutcheaa co,
E, by Connecticut, S, by West Chester co, and
W. by the Hudson, Pop, 10,293, Chief town,
Carmel, Putnam, t Washington co, N, Y. on lake Cham
plain, 28 ra, N, SandyhiU. ¦ Pop, 499,
Putnam, co, Geo, on the W. side of the Oco
nee, Pop, 10,029, including 3,220 slavea. Chief
town, Eatonton,
PvUnam, co, Ohio, formed 1820, in the Indian
reservation.

Putnam, formerly Springfield, p-t, Maskingiun
CO, Ohio, opposite ZaneaviUe, with which it ia'
connected by a handaorae bridge. Pop, 400. Here
ia an academy.
Putney, v. Eng. in Surry, on the Thames, 4i
m. W. London. Pop. 2,881.
Putney, p-t. Windham co. Vt. on Connecticut
river, 33 m. below Windaor. Pop, 1,607,
Putten, V. Netherlands, in Gelderlsrad, 23 m.
N, W, Utrecht Pop, 2,300,
Pultershack, or Pietershoek, t. Nelherlsmda, in
South HoUand, 10 m, S, by E, Rotterdam, Pop-
1,000, Puttlitz, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, 9 m, N. N,
W, PritzwaUc, Pop, 1,000,
Pultun. See Ndvrwalla.
Putumayo, also csdled Ica, r, S, America, which
riaea in Quito, runa E, about 300 mfles, when it
tsikes the name of lea, and, aftera S, E, course of
about 2(X) milea, joins the river Amazona, in lon.
.50" 40' W. lat, 3° 30' S.
Putzig, or Putzko. See Poutzke.
Puy, Le, t France, cap, of Upper Loire, on
the Bome, 70 m. S, W, Lyons, 90 N, by W.
Nismes, Lon, 3" 5ff E, Lat 45° 25' N, Pop,
12,000, Puybeliard, t France, in La Vendee, 23 m, N.
W, Fontenay, Pop, 800,
Puycerda, t Spain, iu Catalonia, on the river
Segre, 53 m, W, N, W, Gerona, Pop, 1,500,
Puy de Dome, a lofty mountain in the interior
of France, 2 m, W. Clermont-Ferrand.
Puy de Dome, department inthe central partof
France, Extent, 3,400 sq, miles. Pop, 543,000,
Clermont ia the capitaL
Puy Laurens, t France, in Tam, 26 m. E.
Toulouae, Pop, 5,100.
Puy Leveque, t France, in Lot, 18 m, W, Ca
hora, Pop, 1,600,
Puyloubier, t France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
12 m, E, Aix, Pop, 900.
Puy Miclon, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 6
ra. E.' Marmande. Pop. 1,100,
Puy Mind, t Frsmce, in Lot-and-Garonne, 7
m, E. Agen, Pop. 1,300,
Puy St. Reparade, t Frsmce, in Mouth-of-the-
Rhone, 7 ra, W. PeyroUes, 10 N.W. Aix. Pop.
1,500. Puylo Roque,t. France, in Tam-and-Garonne,
18 m, S. E, Cahora, Pop, 2,000.
Pussuolo, or Possuoli, ancientiy Puteoli, a
celebrated t Italy, deUghtfuUy situated on a
point projecting into the sea, nearly in tiie cenfre
of the fme bay of Puzzuolo, 7 m. W, Naples.
Pop, 1,000,
PwUhdi, s-p, Wales, 27 ra, S, Caernarvon, Lat,
52"54'N, Pop, 717,
Pybus, Paint, point ou the W, coast of King:
George the Third's archipelago, Lon. 226° 8' E,
Lat. 57° 18' N,
Pychma, i. Siberis^ which falls into the Toura,
after an E, course of 300 railea,
Pye's Islands, sraaU ialands near the N, W, coast
of America, Lon, 210" 21' E. Lat 69° 19' N.
Pyia, r, Finland, in Eaat BoUmia, which falls
into the gulf of Bothnia, at Brahestadt
Pyke, Point, cape on an ialand off the N, W.
coaat of Araerica, Lon,212°16'E, Lat.39°69'N.
Pyks, t Greece, in the Morea, on the S, ^ .
coast, at the extremity ofa bay, opposite Navarin.
Pyktart, or La Sola, isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon, 175° .'iff W. Lat, 22° 22' S.

QUA

QUE

60g

'Fynacker, t Netherlands, in S, Holland, 7 m,
N, N, W, Rotterdam, Pop, 1,200,
Pyramids, a range of ancient and stupendous
Egyptian monuments, extending along the Nile,
oppoaite Cairo, for about 20 lesigues. The base
of tfae largest is 693 English feet square, covering
an area of Uttie raore than 1 1 acres ; the perpen
dicular height 499 feet.
Pyrenees, a range of lofty mountains which di
vide France from Spain, The mountains are
higheat towarda Mont Perdu, about 100 mfles
from the bay of Biscay, They attain there an
elevation of between 10,000 and 12,000 feet, and
oontain glaciers, <is in the Alps, The number of
paaaes, including paths for pedestrians, exceeds 50,
but tfae csirriage roads faardly exceed 5 ; and of
these, the most frequented are from Jonquera to
Perpignan, from St, Sebsistian to St- Jean de Luz,
and from Pampeluna lo St Jean de Pied de Port— and 4,300 inhabitants,
Pyrenees, Eastem, departraent, France, bound- Waldec
ed by Spain on the S. and the Mediterranean on

the E, Extent, 1,650 aq, miles. Pop. 127,00(t-
Perpignan is the capital.
Pyrenees, Lower, department, France. Ex
tent, 3, 100 aq. milea. Pop. 383,000. Pauia the
capital. Pyrenees, t^per, department, France. Extent,
1,800 sq. milea. Pop. neariy 200,000. Tarbea is
the capital.
Byrgo, V. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, on an el
evated plain between Mount Olonoa and the Al-
plieua, 8 ro. N, W, Phloka,
Pyrgos, t, Greece, in the ialand of Santorin, 6
ra, S, W, Scavo, Lon, 25° Sff E, Lat 36" 2ff N.
Pyrits, t Prussisi, in Poraerania, 16 m, S, by W.
Stargard, Pop, 1,700,
Pyrmont, the chief town of a principality of
the same name, in Germany, 33 m, S, S, W.
Hanover, The principality conlsiins 36 sq, miles,
smd belongs to prindb

Q.

-QuAcKENBRtrcE, t, Hauover, 26 ra, N, Osna
bruck, 44 S, W, Bremen.
Quade, Point, cape on the S. W, coast of Ce
lebes, Lon, 119° 48' E, Lat. 6" 22' S.
Qiuidra and Vancouver's Island, on the N. W.
coast of Araerica, between Queen Charlotte's
sound and De Fuca'a straits.
Quadrant. See Cadron.
Quainton, v. Eng. in Bucltingham co. 6 m. N.
W. Aylesbury, Pop. 848.
Quaker HiU, v. in Pawling, N. Y.
Q'uakertawn, p-t Bucks co. Pa. 33 m. N. N, W,
Philadelphia, QuaUa Maorba, r. and port on the W, cosist of
Malacca, 18 ra, S. Queda.
Qvalugo, s-p. Wfaidafa, in Africa, 18 m. N. W.
Sabi. Quanamora, t. W. Africa, on the river Sher
bro. Lon. 10" 15' W. Lat 7° 4ff N.
Qvang.ping, city, China, in Petchelee. Lon.
114°2ffE. Lat 36" 47' N.
Quang-see, province, China, on the S. W. fron
tier, bordering on Tonquin.
Quangtong, province in the S. of Chinsi, weU
situated for trade. Amoug numerous other ports,
it contains Csraton.
Quantico, r. Prince William co. Va. which
.runa into the Potomac, 4 m. below Dumfriea.
Quantico MiUs, p-v. Somerset co. Md.
Quantong, t Birman erapire, on the Irrawuddy
river, 25 m. from the frontiers of China. It is
frequented by Chinese merchanta. Lon, 96° 55'
E. Lat. 24° 2 N.
Qimronte, t. France, in Herault, 12 ra. N. W.
Narbonne. Pop. 1,400.
Quarontola, t Italy, in Modena, .20 m. N. by E.
Modena. -
Quarlesvilk, p-v. Brunswick co, Va.
Quamaro, bay of the gulf of Venice, between
Istria aud Dalmatia.
Quamits, t. Prussian state.?, 8 ra. W. by S. Glo
gau. Pop. 1,200.
77

Quarre les Tombes, v. Fraftoe, in Yonne, 9 m. Si
by E, AvaUon. Pop, 1,800,
Quassitz, t. Austrian stales, in Moravia, on the
river March, 22 ra, S, S. E, Olrautz,
Quatre Bras, haralet, Netherlands, in Namur,
7 m, W, Ligny, remarkable forthe obatinate con
flict between the Britiah and French, on 16th June
1816. Quatre Facardins, Les, 4 sraall ialands in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 140° SO* W, Lat 18° 40' S,
Quaunahuac. See Cuemavacca.
Quebec, city, N, Americsi, and capital of Can
adsi, situated on a promontory on the N. W, side
of the St, Lawrence, formed by that river and the
St, Charles, The ridge of land which termin
ates in this promontory runa from E, to W. and
aeparatea the rivera St. Lawrence sind StChsu-les.
Ita general breadUi ia from one to two miles. It
has cape Disiraond, a bold promontory which rises
346 feet above the level of the water, on the N, ;
and across it, at the N, E, or lower end, the tovra
of Quebec is buflt The fortifications extending
across the breadth of the peninsula, sfaut in tfae
ground on wUlch the city stands, the circuit of
whicfa is about 2| milea. From Cape Diamond,
the ridge slopes towards the north, till it reaches
the vaUey through whicfa the St Chsu-les runs.
The town ia divided into two psuta, namely, the
Upper and Lower, The Upper town ia separated
from the Lower by a line of steep rocka, which
runs from the cape to-wards the river St. Charlea.
The Lower town ia aituated immediately under
cape Diamond, The comraunication from the
Lower lo the Upper town ia by a winding atreet,
at the top of which is a fortified gate. The greater
proportion of the houaes are built of stone, with
high sloping roofs. The principal public build
ings are the castle of St Louis, the Hotel Dieu,
the convent of the Ursulines, the raonastery of
the Jesuits, now turned into barracks, the Protea
tant and Catfaolic cathedrals, the Scots church,
the Lower town church, the court-hoiise, thf.

QU t:

610

seminary, the new jail, and the artillery barracks.
The castle of St Louis, aituated on the suramit of
the rock, is a handsome atone building, seated near
the edge of a precipice, something raore than 200
feel high, and surmounted by a spacious gaUery,
whence there is a moat commanding proapect
In ita preaent atate, Quebec raay rank as a for
treaa of the first conaequence : the citadel, on the
highest part of Cape Diamond, presents a forrai
dable ., combination of powerful works, from
whence a strong wall, supported by small batle-
•¦ ries in different placea, runa to the edge of the
precipice, along which it is continued lo the gate-
vfay leading to the Lower town, which is defend
ed by heavy cannon, and the approach to it up
Mountain-street, both enfiladed and flanked by
many guna of large calibre ; thence a line of de
fence connects with the grand battery, a work of
great afrength, armed witfa a formidable train of
2'4-poundera, and comraanding the baain and pas
sage of the river Sl, Lawrence, whicfa ia here only
a mile wide, — The baain of Quebec ia very spa
cioua, being aufficient to contain 100 sail of the
. line, . The deptfa of water i8 28 fathoms. In 1759,
Quebec waa taken by the Engliah, under the com-
msrad of the brave general Wolfe, who fell in the
engagement; and by the peace in 1763, it waa
ceded, with the reat of Canadsi, to tfae conquerora.
In 1776, the Americans made au unsuccessful at
tempt against this citj^, with the loss of their cora-
mander, general Montgomery. 180 m. N, E.
Montreal, 400 from the sea. Lon. 71° 10' W, Lat,
46° SO' N, Pop. in 1815, according to Bouchette,
18,000. Queclmi, t. Birman erapfre, in Martaban. Lou.
97° 46'E. Lat 15° Sff N.
Queda, country, Asia, on the W. coast of the
peninsula of Msdacca, between 6° 10' and 7° 30'
N. lat The principal produce of tiie country is
tin. ,
Quedlinburg, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Bude,
30 m. S. S. W. Magdeburg, 10 S. S. E. Halber
stadt Lon. 11° 7' 39" E. Lat. 51° 47' 58" N. Pop.
11,000. Queechy, r. Vt. which rises in Sherburne, and
runs into Connecticut river, 10 m. above Wind
sor. Q'ueen lAnn, co. on the eastern shore of Md.
bounded N. by Kent co. E. by Delaware, S. E.
by CaroUne co. S. by Talbot co. and W, by Ches
apeak bay. Pop. 16,648. Slavea, 6,381. Chief
town, Cenfreville.
Queen Ann, p-t. Prince George co, Md. on the
W, side of the Patuxent, 26 m, N, E, Washington,
39 S, by W, Baltimore,
Queenborough, Eng, in Kent, in the isle of Shep
pey, IJ m, S, Sheemess, Pop, 806,
Queen Catharine's Fordorid, the N, E. point of
Terra del Fuego, althe E, entrance into the straits
of MageUan,
Queen Charktte' s Foreland, the S. E, exfremity
of New Caledonia. Lon. 167° 14' E. L'at 22°
15'N. Queen Charlotte's Foreland, the S. W. point of
New Hanover, in the Eastern aeaa. Lon. 148° 27'
E. Lat2°2ffS.
Queen Charlotte's Island, isl. in the Pacific
ocean, about 6 milea long and I broad. Lon. 138°
4' W. Lat 19° Iff S,
Queen Charlotte's Islands, a group of ialands off
the W, coaat of North America, Lon, frora 131° to
133" 7' W, Lat, 52" to 64° 22' N,
Queen Charlotte's Islands, a group of ialands in

Q U £
the Pacific ocean, discovered by captain Carteret,
in tfae year 1T67, consisting of ^Egraont's island or
New Guernsey, Lord Howe's ialand or New Jer-
aey, and several othera, Lon, 163° 30' to 166° 10'
E, Lat 9° Sff to ll°2ff S,/-
Queen Charktte' s Sound, a bay at the N, end
of the southern ialand of New Zealand, The en
trance is in lon, 184° 4ff W, lat 41° S,
Queen Charktte' s Sound, inlet of the Pacifis
ocean, between the continent of N, America and
the island of Quadra and Vancouver. Lon. 226°
4ff to 228° E. Lat 50° 32' to 51° 12' N.
Queen Elisabeth's Island, isL in the, straits of
MageUan, about 36 mfles in circumference. Lou.
71° Iff W. Lat 62" 64' S.
Queensbury, t Warren co. N, Y, on the Hud
son, 68 m. N. Albany. Pop. 1,948.
Queen's County, a county of Irelsmd, bounded
N. smd W. by King's county, E. by Kildare and
part of Carlow, S. by Kilkenny, srad S. W. by
Tipperary. Extent, 590 aquare miles. Pop. about
90,000. Queens, co. Nova Scotisi, on the S, side of the
bay of Fundy.
Queens, co. New Brunswick, on each side of
St. John'a river. Chief town, Gagetown,
Queen's County, co. N, Y. comprising the W.
part of Long laland. Pop. 19,336. Chief towns,
Jamaica and North Hempalead,
Queensdak, p-v. Robeson co. N. C.
Queensferry, a royal borough, Scotland, in Lin
lithgow CO. ou the frith of Forth, 9 m, MV. Edin
burgh, Lon, 3° 23' W, Lat 56° N. Pop, 558,
Queenstown, t Upper Csmads^ on the Niagara,
under the ridge called Queenstown Heists, op
poaite Lewiatown, 7 mfles below Niagara faUs, at
the head of navigation. It is the depot of ^1 fhe
merchandise and stores brought from Montreal
and Quebec, for the use of the upper province,
Queenstown,-p-t Queen Ann's co. Md, on the
E, side of Cfaester river, 6 m, S. W. CentreviUe,
20 E. Annapolis.
Queich, r. Bavaria, which falls into the Rhine
near Germersheim.
Queige, t Sardinian States, in Savoy, 4 m. N.
E. Conflans, Pop, 1,500.
Queiling, or Koueiling, city of China, cap. of
Quangaee. Lon. 109° 51' E. Lat 25° 12 N,
Quels, or Queiss, r. Prussian States, which di
vides Silesia from Lusatia, and falls into the Bo
ber, above Sagan, Its bsraks were, in September
18 13, the scene of obstinate fighting between the
Frencfa and Prussians, to the advantage of the
latter. Quelpaert, isl, in the Eastem seas, S, of the pe
ninsula of Corea, Lon, 126° 35' E, Lat 33"^
14' N.
Quelus, V. Portugal, 10 ra, N, W, Lisbon,
Quemodo, port of Peru, Lat 14° 20' S,
Quemahoning, t. Somerset co. Pa, Pop, 1,392.
Quemenes, ial. in Uie EngUah channel, near the
coast of France- Lon, 4° 48' W, Lat 48*' 22'N,
Quercy, formerly a prorince in tiie south of
France, It now constitutes Uie chief psu-t of the
department ofthe Lot
Queretaro, city. New Spain, in the intendancy
of Mexico, 95 ra, N. W, Mexico. Lon. 100° 11'
W. Lat 20° Sff N. Pop. about 35,000.
Quafurt, t. Prussian Saxony, in Meraeburg, 15
ra. W. Meraeburg, 29 W. Leipaic. Pop. 2,500.
Querigut, t France, in Arriege, 27 m. S. E, Ta
rascon, Pop, 800,
Querimha. a range of islands extending along

QU I
ihe E, coast of Africa, to the S, of Cape Delgado,
Loll. 40° 5ff E, Lat, 12° 2ff S,
Querkeiness, or Kerkeiness, 2 small islanda in
the Mediterranean, offthe coaat of Tunia, Lon.
11°12'E, Lat34°5ffN,
Q-uemmoor, t, Eng, in Lancashire, 3 ni, E, S, E.
LancEister, Pop, 47],
Quesada, t, Spain, in Jaen, 15 m, E. S, E. Ube
da. Pop. 2,800.
Quesan, amall islanda offthe E. coast of China.
Lon. 120° 52' E. Lat. 29° 22' N.
Quesnoy, t. France, dep. of tfae Nortfa, 20 m. E.
by N. Cambray. Pop, 4,000, It was takeh by
the -Auatriana in 1793, but retaken by the French
in 1794. — It is the narae of another town, 6 m, N .
W. Lisle, Pop. 3,700,
Questembert, t, Frsmce, in Morbihan, 12 m. E,
Vannes, Pop. 3,500,
Quetlehou, t France, in La Manche, 9 m, N,
E, Valognes, Pop, 1,400,
Quevaucamps, t Netherlands, in Hainault, 14
m. N, W, Mons, 16 E, S, E, Tournay, Pop, 1 ,000,
Queyjas, Cape, cape of Spain, on the cosist of
Biscay, Lon, 3° 31' W, Lat, 43° Sff N,
Queyras, or Quieras, t Franoe, in Upper Alps,
14 m, S, E, Briancon, 20 E. Embrun,
Quiberon, t France, in Morbihan, with two har
bours defended by batteriea. 12 m, N, Belle
iale, 24 S, S. E, L'Orient
QuibUtown, v, Middlesex cc'N. J, 6 m, N, New-
Brunswick, Quiba, smsdl isl, on the outer part of the bay
of Panama, Lon, 71° Sff SO" W, Lat 70° 27'
3ff' N,
Quicoro, small isL in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Veragua. Lon, 82° 42' W. Lat 7°
84' N,
Quicksand Bay, a bay on the N, W, coast of
America. Lon. 124° W. Lat. 45° 50' N.
Quicksand River, r. N. America, which falla
into the Columbia, about 200 miles from its
mouth. Quicourre, r. Miaaouri Territory, which runs
into tfae Missouri, 1,000 railes above its raouth.
Quiers. See Chieri.
Quielo, r. Austrian States, which falls into the
Adriatic al Citta Nuo-ra.
Quievrain, t Netherlands, in Hainault, 9 m. E,
N. E, Valenciennes, 13 W.S.W, Mons. Pop. 1,500,
Quika, s-p, Peru, 40 ra. W, S, W, Arequipsu
Lat, 16° 45' S,
Quillon, t France, in Aude, on the river Aude,
14 ra, S, Limoux, 26 S. by W, Carcassonne, Pop,
1,200, Quilkbcmf, t, France, in Eure, on the Seine, 9
m. N, of Pont Auderaer, Pop, 1,200,
QuiUirnancy, i. Africsi, having at ita mouth a
town ofthe aame name, Lon, 40^ 10' E, Lat 3°
Iff S,
QuiUimane, t, Mossunbique, in E, Africa, at the
mouth of the Zambeze, Lat 17° 37' S,
QuiUota, province, ChUi, Pop, 14,000, Qm7-
kta, the capital, is pleasantly situated on the bor
ders of the river Aconcagua. Lon, 71° 18' W. Lslt
32° 6ff S.
Q-ui/oe, city and seaport, E. Africa, cap, of a
country ofthe sarae narae. It is built on an island
cloae to the mainland. Lon. 39° 47'' E. Lat 8°
41' S.
Quihmo, small isl, near the E, coast of Africa,
Lat 13° S,
Quiltaon, one of the Laccadive islands, in the
Eastern seas, Lon. '72° 45' E. Lat. 12° «.

QUI

6il

Quimper, or Kimper Carentin, t, France, in
Finisterre, 34 ra. S, E. Breat, Lon. 4° 5' 45" W.
Lat 47° 6ff 29" N. Pop. 7,000.
Quimperk, t. France, in Finisterre, 12 m. N.
W. L'Orient, 28 E, by S, Quimper, Lon. 3° ff W.
Lat. 47" 39' N.
Quince Island, small ial. near the S. W. coast of
Ireland, 5 m, W. GaUey Head,
Quinchac, small ial, in the Pacific ocean, be
tween the islahd of Chiloe and the continent of
Cfaili, Lat, 43° Sff S.
Quincy, p-t. Norfolk co. Mass, 8 m, S, Boston,
Pop. l,?8l.
Quindiu, high and crsiggy mountains in New
Granada, over which there is a pasasige between
the provincea of Popayan aud Ssmta Fe. Lat. 4°
SffN. Quinebaug, formerly Mohegan, r. which rises
in Sturbridge, Mass. and, running S, into Connec
ticut;, joina the Shetucket, 3 milea above Norwich
landing. Quingey, t France, in Doubs, 12 ra. S. by W.,
BesEra5on, 13 N. Salins.
Quinnipiack, or East river, r. Ct- wfaich runs
S. and flowa into the N, E, side of New Haven
harbour, Quinso'n, t France, in Lower Alpa, 31 in, S.
Digue. Quintambert. See Q'uestembert.
Quintonor de la Orden, t Spain, in La Mancha,
29 m, S, S, E, Ocana,
Quinte, a bay and harbour in the N, E, part of
Lake Ontario, a little to the W. of Kingaton, 50
miles long, and from 6 to 12 mflea broad,
Quintin, t, France, in Cotea du Nord, 12 m, S,.
by W, St, Brieux. Pop, 4,000.
Quinto, t. Spain, in Arragon, on the Ebro, 37
m, S, E, Saragoaaa,
Quinto, V. Switz, in Ticino, 26 m, N. N, W.
BeUinzona, Quinzano, t, Auatrian Italy, 11 ra, N, Cremona,
Pop, 3,000,
Quiriquina, amaU isl, of the Pacific ocean, at
the entrance ofthe bay of Conception,
Quiros, Cope, cape ou tfae E, coast ofthe island
of Espiritu Sanlo, in the Pacifio ocean, Lon, 84"
6ffE. Lat 15" 44' S,
Quirpon, isl. near the N. coast of Newfound
land, Lon, 52° 22' W, Lat5r4ffN. '
Quisanga, smaU s-p, E, Africa. Lat 12° 2ff S.
Quissoc, t. France, in Gard, 20 m, W, by N.
Nimes, Pop, 1,400,
QuisteUa, t. Austrian Italy, on the right bank of
the Secchia,, near its influx into the Po, 12 m, S, S,
W, Mantua. '
Quita-Sueno, shoals on the coast of Mexico, op
posite Cape Gracias de Dios, 45 miles long, Lon.
81°, W. Latl4°2ffN.
Quito, Audience of, country, S, America, in
New Granada, bounded N, by the audience of
Santa Fe, E. by the Portuguese dominions, W, by
the Pacific, and S, by Peru.
Quito, the caiiital of the above country, is near
ly under the equator, on the eastern alope of the
weatern branch of tfae Andea, 35 leagues from the
Pacific ocean. The volcanic mountain of Pichin
cha ia the basia on which thia celebrated city rests.
The stroets, except the four principsil ones, are
very irregular, owing to the inequalities, of the
ground which are so great, that they entirely de
prive the inhabitants of tfae useof wheel carriages.
The city contains seven parish churches,, a uni
versity, with numerous convents, nttnherife^ 'fee.
The population is estimated at 70,000. The

612

R A B

whites make up one-sixth part ; the mestizoes a
third part ; the Indians one-sixth ; and casts of
different kinds one-third, Quito is so happily sit
uated, tfaat neither the heal nor cold are trouble
some, though the extremes of both raay be felt in
the neighbourhood. This equality is constant
throughout the whole year, the difference between
the seasons being scarce perceivable ; but to
counterbalance thia advantage, here are dreadful
tempeata of thunder and lightning, and atill more
dreadful earthquakea, which often aurprise the in
habitants in the midst of aecurity. On the 4th of
February 1797, the country was shaken by a most
dreadful earthquake, tfae face of Uie whole district
was changed, and in the space of a aecond, forty
thouaand persons were hurled into eternity. The
height of Quito above the level ofthe sea is 9,510
ftet Lon, 78° Iff W, Lat 0° Iff S.
' Quitta, Danish fort, at the mouth of the Rio
Volta, between the Gold and Slave coasta of Af
rica, Lpn, O°ffE.Lat0°N,

R A C
Quivre, r. Miaaouri, in St Charles co. whicfa
flows into the Misaisaippi, It is navigable 150
milea, '
Quixos and Macas, the moat esiaterly province
of tfae audience of Quito, ' and kingdom of New
Granada, bounded N. by Popayan, and E, by Por
tuguese Guiana,
Quod, Cape, cape on the coast of Patagonia, in
the atraita of MageUan, Lon, 74° ff W, Lat 53°
Sff S.
Quoin, island in the Eastem seas, N, of the Ni
cobar islands. Lon, 93° 2ff E, Lat 9° 6ff N,
Quoin, araall isl, in the Eaatern seas, near the,
W, coaat of Madagascar, Lon, 48° 14' E, Lat
14' S,
Qtio/a, country of Africa, in the interior from
Sierra Leone, between 8° and 10° W, lon, and 7°
and 9° N, lat
Quondanga, t Birmsm empire, <m tbe Irrar
wuddy, 42 m. N, Prome,

\

R.

Raab, or Gyori Varmegye, county, Hungary, ou
both sidea tfae Danube, and of the river Raab.
Pop, 78,000, Raab, Gyor, or Nany-Gyor, the
capital, ia in a fine plain, surrounded by the Dan
ube, the Raab, and the Rabnitz, It is fortified
both by nature aud art, Itia a bishop's see. Pop,
11,0(X», of whora 6,000 are witfain tfae fortifica
tions. Tfae chief manufacture is of knives and
swords, 38 m, S. S, E, Preaburg, 66 E, S. E. Vi
enna. Lon, 17" ff E, Lat 47° 41' N,
Raab, r, Austrian states, which falla into the
Danube, by tfaree channela, near tfae city of
Raab, Raagoe, amall isl, of Denmark, on tfae N, coast
of the island of Laaland. Lon. 11° 19' E. Lat.
54° 5ff N.
Raasay, or Raasa, isl. of the Hebrides, between
the mainland of ScoUand and the isle of Skye,
15 mUea long by 2 broad. Lon. 6° W. Lat 67°
26'N. Raase, t, Austrian atates, 20 m, W. Troppau,
. Pop, 1,800.
Rabasteins, t France, in Tarn, oU the river
Tarn, 18 m. N. E. Toulouse. Pop. 6,000.
Rabat. See Sallee.
Rabbah, in Sao. Geog. the chief city ofthe Am
monites, near the source of tfae river Amon,
Rabbath Moab, the capital ofthe ancient coun
try of Moab, aituated in a mountainous country,
E, of the Lake Aaphaltites, Ita ruina still remain ;
particularly sorae walla and marble piUara belong
ing to a large Corinthian temple.
Rabbit Island, sraall ial, near the N, coast of
Scotland, Lon, 4° 14' W, Lat, 68° Sff N,
Rabensburg, v. Auatria, at the influx of the
Theya into the March, 16 m, N. N, E, Zistera-
dorf, Rabenslein, t, Austria, 11 ra, S, S, W, St, Pol
ten, Rabnobad, isl, in the bay of Ben^, 15 mfles
long, by 6 broad, Lon, 90° 2ff E, Lat, 22° N,
Rabnobad, t, Bengal, in Backergunge, on the

E. bank of one of the nuraerous branches of th^
Delta of tfae Gsmges. Lat not ascertained,
RacaneUo, r. Naples, in Calabria Citra, faUs
into tfae guU'of Tarento, in lon, 16° 42' E. lat 49°
37' N,
Racco, t, Diarbekir, on the E. bank of the Euf
phrates, at the mouth ofa sraaU river naraed Be
les, founded, according to Pliny, by Alexander
the Great, It wsis the favourite residence of Ha-
rounalRashed. Ldn. 38° SffE. Lat 36° 6'N.
Raccoon, t. GalUa co. Ofaio, on Raccoon creek,
12 m. W. GalUpolis. Pop. in 1815, 610.
Raccoon Creek, r. Ohio, wfaich runs into the
Ofaio, 6 ra, below GaUipoUs, after a course of 50
railes. Raccoon mountain, Tennessee. It ia pierced by
Tennessee river, at the place called the Suck.
Race, Cope, cape on the S. E, coast of New
foundland. Lon. 52" Sff W. Lat46°4ffN.
iJaee, Point, the N. W, exfremity of Cape Cod,
Masa. 3 ra. N. W. Provincetown. Lon. 70° 12' W.
Lat 42° 4'N.
Race of Aldemey, or .Ras de Blanquert, a nar
row sfrait of Uie English chsinnel, between the
iale of Alderney and Cape la Hogue, in Franc*.
Rachare, district. Hind, in Bejapore, on the
river Kistnsih. Rachore, the capital, is pleasanUy
situated on the S. bank of the river. Lon. 78° o
E. Latl6°2ffN.
Rachour, t. Hind, in Gurrah MuudeUa. Lon.
80° ffE. Lat 23° N.
Rachouty, t India, in Gurrumcondsdi. Lon. 78°
40' E. L»tl4°2'N.
Racket, r. N, Y, which riaes near the sources of
the Hudson, and floivs N, into tfae St, Lawrence, 2
m, above St Regis, In the town of Cookfaam, it
falls, in a short distance, 200 feet. It is navigable
20 railes, to LouisviUe,
Rocketan, v. Louis vflle, N, Y, at the head ofthe
batteaux navigation on Racket river, 20 ra. from
ita confluence with Uie St Lawrence, 25 E. Og
densburg^

RAG

R A I

613

Rackibirn Island, small isl, near the W, coastof
Ireland, Lon, 8° 42' W, Lat 54° 40' N,
Rackoke, one of the Kurile isles, about 13 railes
long, and the sarae broad,
Rackwits, t Prussian Poland, 24 m. N, Frau-
stadt. Pop. 1,300.
Raconigi, or Raconis, t. Piedmont, 10 m, S,
Carignano, 20 S, Turm. Pop, 10,500,
-Raca--Srei,-i, t Hungary, 24 m, S, Pest,
Raczki, t. Poland, 13 m, S, E, Augustow, Pop,
800, Radanagur, t Bengal, in Burdwan, 2 ra, from
Keerpoy, Radaune, c. W, Prussia, wfaich falls into the
MotUau near Dantzic,
Radbusa, r, Bohemia, which joins the Miaa near
Pilaen, Radeberg, t. Saxony, 8 m, N, E, Dresden, Pop,
1,800, ,
Raden, or Rahden, t Prussian states, 16 ra, N,
W, Minden, Pop, 1,500.
Radqaont, v. France, in Eure, 10 m, S, E,
Rouen, -Rades, t Tunis, in Africa, 5 m, S,E, Tunis,
Rode var dem Wolde, t. Prusaian states, 24 m, E,
Pusaeldorf, Pop, 2,700,
Radicofoni, or Forte Radicofoni, t, Tuacany, 38
m, S, E, Sienna,
Rodkersburg, t. Austrian states, on an island in
the Muhr, 107 m, S, by W, Vienna, 36 S, S, E,
Gratz, Pop, 2,400.
Radmar, v. Austrian states, 20 m, W, N, W,
Leoben. Radno, t. Eu. Russia, in Volhynia, 80 m. N. by
W.Luck. Radnor, county, Wales, bounded N. by Mont
gomeryshire and Shropshire, E, by Herefordshire,
S, ahd W, by Brecknockshire and part of Cardi
gan, Extent, about 500 sq, mflea. Pop. 20,900.
Radnor, New, t. and borough, Walea, in Rad
nor CO. on the Somergill, 7 m. N. W. Kingaton,
165 W. N. W. of London. Pop. 1,917,
Radolfzdl, t Baden, on the Lake Conatance.
Pop. 1,100.
Radom, t Poland, 64 ra. S. Waraaw, 110 N. E.
Cracow. Pop. 1,500.
Radoviste, or Radovich, t. En. Turkey, in Ro
mania, 60 m, N, by W, Salonica, Pop, 2,000,
Radstadt, t. Austria, 39 m, S, S, E, Salzburg,
102 E, Innapruck. Pop. 800.
Radymna, t. Austrian Poland, 7 m. E. S. E. Ja
roalav, 10 N. by E. Przemsyl, Pop, 1,500,
Radsicjow, t. Poland, 11 m, W, Brzesc, Pop,
900, Radsions, t. Poland, 20 m, N, W. Plock, Pop,
900i Radzivikv, t Eu, Russia, in Volhynia, 7 m, N,
W. Brody in Galicia.
Radsyn, t. Poland, 38 m. N. Lublin. Pop.
1,000. -Rae, the ruiris af, formerly an iramense city of
Persia, iramediately S. of Tehraun.
Raen, or Raan, t, Aus^ian atatea, on the Save,
28 m, S, E, CiUey,
Rafael Cope, cape onthe E. coaat of Hiapaniola.
Lon, 69° 46' E, Lat, 19° 2' N,
Rafin, t. Hind, in Aurungabad, Lon, 73° 20'
E, Lat 18° 26'N.
Ragats, t Switz. in St Gall, 6 m. S. S. E. Sar-
gaos. Ragged Harbour, bay on the E. coast of New
foundland. Lon, 52° 43' W. Lat 49° 4ffN.

Ragged Island, small ial. among the Baharaaa.
Lon. 77° 16' W. Lat 22° 27' N.
Ragged Island, a amall isl. in tfae Eaatern seas,
near the island of Paraguay. Lon. 119° 30' E.
Lat 11° 24' N.
Ragged Paint, cape on tfae E. coast of tfae island
of Borneo. Lon. 116° 4ff E. Lat, 2°"13' S.
Ragged Point, cape on the N. coast of St. Chris
topher. Lon, 62° 42' W, Lat, 17" 30' N,
Raggendorf, t, Austria, 14 m, N, N, E, Vienna,
Pop, 1,400,
Roggiak, t, Auafrian Italy, 16 ra, E. by N, Gu
astaUa, Ragland, v. Eng. in Monmouth co, 8 ra, W.
Monmouth, Ragnit, t. East Prusaia, in Gurabinnen, on the
Merael, 6 m. S, E, Tilsit, Pop, 2,100,
Rogoegur, t Hind, in Malwah, Lon, 77° 30' E,
Lat 24° 2ff N,
Raguhn, t. Germany, in Anhalt-Dessau, 6 m,
S, Dessau, Pop, 1,100,
Ragusa, a circle of Auatrian Dalmatia, includ
ing the ialands of Curzola, Lagosta or Agosta, Mi-
leda, Guipana, Mezzo, Calamata, and a few others.
It is bounded by the Turkish frontier on the E.
and the Adriatic on the W, Area, about 700 sq.
miles. Pop. 60,000.
Ragusa, the chief town of the above district,
and an archbishop's see, is on a peninsula in the
Adriatic, with two large and comraodious har
bours. It carries on a traffic with tfae Levant and
Italy. Pop. 10,000. 278 ra. E. by N. Rome, and
94 S.E. Spalatro. Lon. 18° 11' 55" E. Lat. 42°
Sff SO" N.
Ragusa, t. in tfae S. of Sicily, in tfae Val di Noto,
28 m. W. by S. Syracuse. Lon. 14° 52' E. Lat,
36° 17' N. Pop, 20,000.
Rahapa, smaU ial. in tfae Eaatern aeaa, near the
E. coast of Borneo. Lon. 119° 4' E, Lat 4°
5ff N,
Rabat, t. Hind, in AUsihabad, Lon, 80° E, Lat.
25° 32' N,
Rahdunpore, or Radanpore, t. Hind, in Gujerat
Lon,71°4ffE, Lat 24° N,
Rahmanie, t. Lower Egypt, at tfae junction of
tfae Nile with the canal of Alexandria, 42 m, E,
S, E, Alexandria,
Raima, r, whicfa riaes in Swedish Lapland, and
falls into the gulf of Bothnia, near the town of
Rahna, in Sweden,
Rahaan, t. Hind, in Lahore, 4 ra. W, ofthe Sul
telege river, Lon, 76° Sff E, Lat 31° 6' N,
Rahova, or Oravo, t. Eu, "Turkey, in Romania,
on the Danube, 36 ra, W, Silistria,
Rahwoy,fp-t. Eaaex co, N, J, on tfae river Rah-
way, which runa into Staten island sound 4 milea
below. Pop. 1,779. 4 ra. S. W. Elizabethtown.
-Rai, r. Auatrian Italy, which iaaues from lake
St Croce, and falls into the Piave,
Rai. See Rae.
Raiatea, one of the Society islands, in the South
Pacific ocean. The London Society have mission
aries here. See Society Islands.
Raibaug, t Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74° 62' E.
Lat 16° SffN.
-Rain, t Bavaria, 22 m. W. Ingolstadt, 20 N.
Augsburg. Pop. 1,200.
Rain, t. Auafrian atatea, on the Save, 26 m. S.
S. E, Cilley,
Rainangboon, t. Birman empire, on the E. bank
of the Irrawuddy, Lon. 94° 46' E. Lat 20*
2ff N,

614

RAJ

RAM

Rainford, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 5 m, N, by E,
Prescot Pop, 1,315,
Rainham, v. Eng, in Kent, 3 m, E. S, E, Chat
ham, Pop, 877,
Rainham, t, Norfolk co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Erie, Rainoiff, t. Eng, in Cheshire, 3 ra, N, E, by E,
Macclesfield. Pop. 1,595.
Rainy Lake, lake on the boundary between the
United States and the Britisfa possessions, in 48°
15' N. lat and between 92° and 93° W. lon. It
discharges itself tfarougfa Rainy lake river into the
lake of the Wooda.
Rainy River, r. IlUnois, joins Illinoia river 250
miles above ita entrance into the Miasissippi.
Rairy, fort, Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 73°45'E.
Lat. 18" 16' N.
Rttiseen, diatrict, Hind, in Malwah. Raiaeen,
the capital, ia in lon. 77° 47' E. lat. 23° 19' N.
Raisin, r. Michigan,, wfaich risea in marahes
tiear the S. boundary of the Territory, and run-
Ming E, about 60 rafles, flows into Lake Erie 12 m,
N. of Maumee bay. It is about 50yards wide at its
mouth, and is navigable for small craft 7 miles, to
Monroe, Here sire rapida, above whicfa tfae river
is navigable nearly to its source. The landa on
tfais river have lately come into notice, and acltie-
meuts are rapidly extending,
Raisnes, v. France, dep, of the North, 3 m, N,
Valenciennes, Pop, 2,000.
Rajabary, t, Bengal, in Dacca, 6a the W, bank
of the river Megna, Loh, 96° 21' E, Lat, 23°
25'N, Rajahnagur, t. Bengal, iu Dacca, on the E,
side of the Ganges, Lon, 93° 14' E, Lat 23°
'22'N, Rajamundraog, t. and fort. Hind, in Bejapore,
at the entrance into the river of Mirjee, Lou, 73°
30' E. Lat 14° SO'N.
Rajamundry, disfrict, Huid. in the Circara,
Ijounded N. by Cicacole, S. by EUore, W. by the
territoriea ofthe Nizam, and E. by the bay of Ben
gal. Rajamundry, the capital, and tfae residence
of the Britiafa civil ealablishraent, is on the N.
, side of the Godavery. Lon. 81° 54' E, Lat, 16°
SffN, Raj Chahan, diatrict. Hind, in Gundwaneh, be
tween 23° and 24° N, lat Chief town, Sonehut
Raje Ghur, t. Hind, in Malwah, on the W,
bank of the Sopra, Lon. 76° 27' E. Lat 23°
56' N.
Rajeghur, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the W.
bank of Cane river. Lon. 80° 5' E. Lat 24°
44' N.
Rajemal, or Rajemahal, district, Bengal, on the
W. side ofthe Gangea, in about 25° N. lat
Rajemahal, a very ancient city of Bengal, ou
the W, bank of the Ganges, at the foot of a range
of hills, Lon, 97° SffE, Lat 25° 2'N,
Rajels, t. Hungary, Pop. 4,400, 116 m, N, E,
Vienna, Lon, 18° Sff 45" E, Lat 49° 6' 35'' N,
Near tfae town are tfaree warm baths,
Rajktt, or Rakendarf, t, Hungary, 11 m, S, S. E,
Preaburg, Pop. 2,300,
Rajoor, t. Hind, in Berar, Lon, 80° E, Lat
19"56'N. Rajoora, t Hind, in Aurungabad, Lon, 77° 16'
E. Latl8°S8',N,
Rajpoor, or Rajapore, t, and fort. Hind, in Be-
j-apoor, on the shore of the Concan, Lon. 73° 25'
E, Lat 16" 45' N,
Rajpoor, t. Hind, in AUahabad. Lon. 82° Sff E,
Lat 24° 37' N,

Rakokie. See Rackoke.
Rakonitz, one of the aixteen circles into whicli
Bohemia ia divided. Area, 1,060 aquare miles.
Pop, 133,000, Rakonitz, the capital, ia 26 m, W,
Prague, Lon, 13° 56' E. Lat, 60° ff 36" N.
Rakosch, t. Hungary, 36 ra. S. S. E. Vienna.
Rakow, t Poland, 62 ra. E. N, E, Cracow,
Rakoweena, harbotir on the coaat of Kamts-
chalka, in Avatsha bay, 3 m, S. St-Peter-and-St-
Paul, Rakwilz, t, Pruaaian Poland, 33 nt W, S, W,
Poaen, Pop, 1,200,
Raleigh, t. Kent co, tjpper CansulEi, extendi!^
from Lake Erie to the river Tharaes,
Raleigh, the capital of North Carolina, is ia
Wake CO. 10 milea frora tfae court-houae ; 123 N,
W. Newbern, 60 N, FayetteviUe, 24 E, Chapel
Hill, 140 S. S. W. Peteraburg, 20 N. W. Smith-
field, the nearest point of navigation. Ifrisabeau-
tiful town ; and contains a state-house, theatre,
bank, 2 acaderaies, 2 houses of public worship,
and 3 printing offices. In the centre of the town
is Union Squsire, containing 10 acres, from which
extend 4 streets, whicfa divide the town into four
quarters. In the centre of these quarters are 4
other aquares, of 4 acres each. The four large
streets sire 99 feet wide ; the others 66. The
state-house is a beautiful building of brick, 102
feet long, 56 broad, and 43 feet high, standing oa
sm elevation in the centre of union squsu-e. A
space iu the state-house haa been prepared for the
reception of a superb statue of Washington, exe
cuted by the first artist in the world, at the ex
pense of the state of North CaroUna. Pop. in
1816, 1,680, of whora 592 were slavea. Lon. 78°
4ffW. Lat 35° 44' N.
Ralphsvilk, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, on lake Erie,
at the raoutfa of the Asfatabulst, 11 ra. N. Jefferson.
Rorn, t. and fort, Eu. Turkey, on the Danube,
opposite Uj Palanka, 40 m. E. Belgrade.
Ram Head, cape, on the S. cosist of freland, 4
m. E. Youghai bay. Lon. 7° 44' W. Lat 51° 6ff N.
Ram Head, cape on the S. E. coEist of New Hol
land. Lon. 149" 36' E. Lat 36° 56' S.
Rama, t. Austrian Dalraatia, 20 m, N, W, Mo
star. Rama, or Romla, t Palestine, in one of the
most extensive and fertile diafricts of the Holy
Land, 26 m, W. N. W, Jerusalera.
Ramada, or New Salamanca, t S, America, in
Santa MarUia, 90 m. E, Santa Martha, Lon, 72°
20' W, Lat 1 1° 10' N,
Ramagin/, t India, in Mysore. Lon, 77° Sff E,
Lat 12" 44' N,
Ramapo, or Ringwood, r. which rises in New
York, and flowing into New Jersey, joins the
Passaic, Ramopo Works, p-v. in Hampstead, N, Y. on
Ramapo river, containing extensive iron works,
40 m, N, New York,
jRamas, Cape, cape on the coast of Malabar,
Lon, 73° Sff E, Lat, 16° Iff N.
Ramath, or Ramofh,'in Sac. Geog, t- in Gilead.
Rambervillers, t France, in Vosges, 14 m. N. E.
Epinal, 15 N. W. St Die. Pop. 4,900.
Ramblo, t Spain, in Andaluaia, 17 m. S. by W,
Cordova. Pop. 5,000.
RambouUht, t. Franoe, in Seine-and-Oise, 30
m, S. W, Paris, Pop, 2,600,
-Ranw/roog;, fort, Hind, in Bejapore, Lat, not
ascertained, Rome, V, Eng, in Cornwsdl, near MoUnt Edge-

RAM
cumb. Here is a promontory called Ramhead.
ion. 4° 12' 29" W. Lat 50° Iff 51" N, Pop, 978,
Ramergh, t Hind, in Hyderabad, Lon, 79° 32'
, E. Lat18°Sl'N,
Rameses, in Sac, Geog, a town and country in
Lower Egypt, The country formed part of the
Israd of Goahen, and the town of Rameses correa
ponda with the city Hieropolis,
Ramdta, t Sicily, in the Val di Demona, 6 m.
W. Messina, Pgp. 2,000.
Ramgerry, t. and fort, India, in Malabar, half
way between the Malabar coaat and FsJigaut-
chery. Ramghaut, t Hind, in Delhi, on the W. bank
ofthe Ganges. Lon. 78° 22' E. Lat 28° 12' N.
Ramgonga,' r. Hind, which faUa into tfae Gan
ges, 10 ra. N. Canouge.
Rmngunge, t Hind, in Oude. Lon. 80° 35' E.
Lat 26° 37' N.
Ramgur, diafrict. Hind, in Bahar. Chief towns,
Raragur, Chiltra, and Muckundgunge. Ramgur,
the capital, is on the N. bank of Duramoodah riv
er. Lon. 85° 4ff E. Lat 23° 38' N.
Ramgurry, fort, India, in Mysore, 20 ra. S. W.
Clutteldroog.!?. RarnHlies, or Ramelies, v. Netherlands, in South
Brabant On 23d May 1706, tfae aUied forces un
der the duke of Marlborough, obtained here a sig
nal victory over the French. 13 m. N. Namur, 26
S. E. Brussels.
. Ramkewra, t Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 74° 20'
E. Lat. I8°4r N.
Romla. See Rama.
. Ramksa, v. Sweden, in Schonen, 3 m. N. Hel
singberg. Ranmekens, fort, Netherlands, in the island of
Walcheren, on the Scheldt, SJ m. frora Middle
burg. Rammisser, t. Hind, in Khandeish, at the junc
tion of tfae river Gfairafa aud Tuptee. Lon. 75° 21'
E. Lat. 21° 4' N.
Rammisserom Isle, isL in tfae sfraits between
Hindostan and Ceylon, 11 railea long by 6 broad.
It containa a celebrated teraple, witfa an image of
tfae demigod Ram, and the concourse of pilgrima
is very great Lon. 79° 21' E. Lat 9° 17' N,
Romnad, t. Hind, and capital of a diatrict ofthe
same name, in Marawar. Lon. 78° 49' E. Lat. 9°
24' N.
'.'Mamnagur, t. Hind, in Allahabad, on the E.
bsmk of the Gangea, oppoaite Benares. Lon. 83° 1'
E. Lat 25° SO'N.
Ramnade, t Hind, in Malwah. Lou. 78° 6' E.
Lat 25" ff N.
Ramonchamp, t. Franoe, in Vosgea, on the Mo
seUe, II m. S. E. Rerairemont Pop. 2,400.
Ramoo, t. Bengal, in Chittagong, on tfae high
road from Istamabad to Arracan. Lon. 92" 15'E.
Lat 21° 27' N.
Ramos, or Lamas, r. W. Africa, which runa in
to tfae AUantic, 60 m, N, N, W, Cape Formosa,
Rampoor, city. Hind, and cap. of a district of
the SEune name, belonging to the British, on the
Soosey or Cosaila river. Lon, 78° 58' E. Lat, 28°
50' N, — Rom being the name of one of the Hin
doo demigods, there are innumerable places call
ed after him,
, Ramsay, Poinl, cape on the S, E, cosist of the
island of Lewis, Lon, 6°- Sff W. Lat 57° 44' N.
Ramsbury, v. Eng, in Wflts, Pop. 2,095,
Ramsden, Paint, cape on the N, W, coaat of
Americsi, at the entrance of Observatory inlet,
Lon. 230° 2'E, LatS4°4ffN.

RAN

615

Ramey, t. Eng, in the isle of Man, 16 m, N.
Douglas, Lon- 4° 2ff W, Lat, 54° 17' N. Pop,
1,610, Ramsey, t Eng, in Huntington co, II ra, N, N.
E. Huntingdon, 69 N. London, Lon, 0° 6' W, Lat
52°27'N, Pop. 2,390,
-Ramsey, ial, Wales, 6n the coast of Pembroke
shire, 4 m, S. S, W, St David's, Lon, 5" 2ff W.
Lat, 61" 63' N.
Ramsey's Ferry, p-v. Livingston co. Ken,
Ramsgate, seaport, Eng, in Kent, co, noted for
ib excellent artificial harbour, and also as a fash)?
ionable resort for aea-bathing. It ia on the E,
coEiat of the iale of Thanet, between the North
and South Forelands, and commands a delightful
proapect of the Downs and the British Channel.
The harbour was intended to afford security to
vessels in the Downs, that were driven from their
moorings by stresa of weather, raany vessels hav
ing been lost for want of this accommodation. It
consists of two immense piers, extending from the
coast about 800 feet into the sea, and bending to
wards each otfaer, ao aa nearly to approach and
inclose a circular area of 46 acres, whicfa forms
tfae harbour, Tfae auma expended on it have
been estiraated at between 600,000/, and 700,000/.
5 m. S, Margate, 72 E, London. Lon. l"2ff E. Lat
51°20'N. Pop. in 1811, 4,221.
Ranai, or Oranai, one ofthe Sandwich islands
in the North Pacifio ocean, about 9 m. W. Mo
wee. Lon, 156° W, Lat, 20° 51' N.
Ranakburn Paint, cape, Scotland, on tfae W.
coast of Kintyre. Lon, 5" 4ff W. Lat 55° 41' N.
Rancagua, province, Cfaili, between the rivers
Maypo andCachapoal, and between tfae Andes and
tfae sea. Pop, 12,000, It has mines of gold of
very fine quality, Rancagua, the capital, also
called Santa Cruz de Triana, is on the river Ca-
chapuel, 53 ra, S, Santiago, Lon, 70° 42' W, Lat
34° Iff S,
Ranee, I - France, in Cotes du Nor3, which fsdls
into the sea, at St Malo.
Rancherio, settlement, New Granada, 20 m. N.
E. Hacha. Lon. 72° 36' W, Lat 1 1° N.
Rancherio, small isl, in tfae Pacific ocean, near
tfae coaat of Veragua, Lon. &2° 16' W. Lat. T
Sff N. ^
Ranchos, fort, Buenoa Ayrea, 66 m. S. Bnenos
.Ayres. Lon, 58° Iff 14" W, Lat, 35° SO' SO" S,
-RaTicoji, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 23 ra, N,
Liraoges. Pop, 2,000.
Randalstown, t. Ireland, in Antrira, 4 ra, W, N,,
W, Antrira, 38 S. E, Londonderry. ^
Randans, t. France, in Auvergne, 14 m. N. E.
Riom. Pop. f,100.
Randoszo, t. Sicily, in tfae Val di Deraona, 23
ra, N, Catania, 38 S, E, Messina, Lon, 15° 4' E.
Lat 37° 57' N, Pop, 12,000,
Randeradt, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 1 0 m. N, W, JuUera, Pop, 2,600,
Randers, t. Denmark, in North Jutland, It
atanda on the river Guden, near the Baltic, and
is the aecond town in Jutland. Vessels can come
within 8 milea of the town. Pop. 4,fe00. 23 ra.
E. Viborg, 20 N. by W, Aarhuua, Lon, 10° 3' 32"
E, Lat 56° 27' 48'' N,
Randersacker, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, 2 ni, S,
E, Wurzburg, Pop, 1,100, t
'Randier, t. Hind, in Gujerat, oppoaite to Suraf^
on the N. aide of Tupty river, Lon, 73° ff E, Lat,
21° Iff N.
Randin Isle, small isl. Lower Canada, formed

616

RAN

by the St Lawrence, before it spreads out into
lake St Peter,
Randolph, p-t. Orange co, Vt on two branches
of White river, 36 m. N, Windsor, Pop. 2,265,
The village contains an academy, and a Congre
gational raeeting-house. Here ia a large bed of
iron ore, and several iron worka are erected,
Randolph, p-t Norfolk co. Maaa, 15 m, S, Boa
ton, Pop, 1^170,
Randolph, t Broome co, N, Y,
Randolph, t, Morris co. N. J. Pop. 1,271.
Randolph, co, in the N, W, part of Virginia.
Pop, 2,854, Slaves, 111, Cfaief town, Beverly.
Randolph, CO. in tfae central part of N, C. Pop.
.10,112. Slaves, 799.
Randolph. See Jasper co. Geo.
.'Randolph, t Montgomery co. Ofaio, 12 m. N.W.
Dayton, Pop, 936,
Randolph, p-t. Stark co, Ohio,
Randolph, co. Indiana,
Randolph, co, IlUnois, Pop, 7,275, Chieftown,
Kaskaskia. Random, t. Essex co, Vt, 58 m, N, MontpeUer,
Random Island, amall isl, in Trinity bay, near
the E, coast of Newfoundland. Lon, 63° 40' W
Lat, 48° Iff N,
Randow, r, Prussian statea, in Pomerania,
which falla into the Ucker, 3 m. S, Uckermunde,
Bangalore, t and fort, Hind, in Northern Cir
cara, Lou, 83° 20' E, Lat. 18° 20' N,
Rangamutty, diatrict, Bengal. Rangamutty,
the capital, ia in lon. 90° E. lat. 26° 9' N.
Rangamutty, t. Bengal, on the E. bank of tfae
Bhaggarutty river.- Lon. 88" 18' E. Lat 24° N.
Range, t. Madison co. Ofaio.
Rangendingen, v. Germany, in Hohenzollem-
Hecfaingen, 7 m. E. Hecfaingen. Pop. 1,100.
Rongoori, city, and principal port of the Bir
man empire, on the N, bank of the eastern brancfa
of the Irrawuddy river, SO milea from its raouth.
The population ia said to araount to '30,000,, com-
Sosed of persons from all parts of the world,'after
le Birmans and Peguera, Tfae native Portu
guese and Chinese are tfae most numerous ; the
latter are all carpenters, and obtain employment
in theidock-yards, "The place ia extremely com
modious for the conatruction of afaips, AU kinds
of European goods are imported faere, and a va
riety of cloths from different parts of India; alao
tea, sugar-candy, and porcelain from Cfaina, Tfae
exporta are chiefly wax, ivory, and timber. It ia
the only port in tfae Birman empire witfa wfaicfa
Europeans are allowed to trade. The American
Baptista have employed two Missionaries faere,
but owing to tfae opposition of the Birman govern
ment, it is suppoaed that tfaey will be obliged lo
leave the country, Lon, 96° 9' E, Lat 16° 47' N,
Ranguana, amall ial, in the bay of Honduraa,
near tfae coaat of Mexico, Lon, 88° 52' W, Lat,
16° 26'N,
Rankweil, t Austrian atates, in Tyrol, 1 m, N,
Feldkirch, Lon, 9° 39' 33" E. Lat, 47° 16' 16" N,
Pop, 900,
-Rajiny Bednore, t. Hind, Lon, 7S° 42' E, Lat
14° Sff N,
Rannypore, t. Hind, in Malwah, Lon. 79° 16'
E, Lat 25° 13' N,
Ransom's bridge, p-v, Halifax co, N, C,
Rantampore, t, and fort, Hind, and capital of a
district in Ajmeer, Lon, 76° 25'E, Lat 26° 2'N,
Ranwartli, v. Eng, in Norfolk, on the Bure, op
poaite Ludham, 9 ra, frora Norwich.
Ransmc, County of. See Bormstadti

RAS
itaon PElape, t. Prance, in Meurthe, at th?
confluence of the Etapeandthe Meurthe, 34 m.
S. E. Nancy. Pop. 2*600.
Rfpallo, t Sardinian atates, at the bottom of a
smaU gulf, 18 ra. E. S. E. Genoa. Pop. 2,500,
Ropel, r. Chili, which runs into the Pacific
ocean, in lat 34° 8' S-
Raphoe, t, Irelsmd, in Donegal, 21 ra, N, E, Do
negal, lis, W, Londonderry.
Raphoe, t Lancaster co. Pa, Pop, 2,814,
Raphae Point, cape on the N, W, coast of
America, in Dean's Canal, on the coaat of New
Hanover, Lon, 232° 55' E- Lat 52° 43' N,
Rapid Ann, i, Va, whicfa joins the Rappahan
nock, 10 m, above Frederickaburg,
Rapid Plat, small isl. Up, Canada; inthe river
Sl, Lawrence, in front of Williamsburg.
Rapid River, y. N, America, which runa into
Hudson bay,
Rapide, co. Louisiana, on both sides of Red
river. Pop. 2,200. Chief town, Alexandria.
Rapollo, t Naples, in the BasUicata, 55 m. E.
N. E. Salerno, 84 E. Naples. It is the see of a
bishop. Raposo, r. S. America, in Popayan, which en
ters the Pacific ocean, in the' bay of Buenaven
tura, lat 3" 4ff N.
Rappahannock, r. Va. which rises in the Blue
Ridge, and running S, E, about 130 mUes, enters
Cheaapeake bay between Wiudnull and Stingray
pointa, SO milea south of the raoutfa of tfae Potomac.
It passes by Falmouth, Fredericksbui^, Port Roy
al, Leeda, Tappahannock, and Urbanna. It has
4 fathoma water to Hobb'a hole, aud is navigable
for veaaela drawing 10 feet of waler to Freder
icksburg, 110 miles frora its mouth. Measures
have been recentiy taken to improve the naviga
tion above Fredericksburg.
Roppersweil, t. Switzerland, in St. Gall, at tfae
narrowest part of tfae lake of Zurich, 15 m, S, E.
Zurich, 21 S, W, St GaU, Pop, 3,000.
Ropsiane, t Eu. Turkey, in Thessaly, at the
foot of Mount Olyrapus, 1 J m. from tiie right bank
of the Peneus, and 18 frora Lsurissa. Pop. 4,000.
Rarce, s-p. Hind, in Bejapore. Lon. 73° Sff E,
Lat 15° Sff N,
Roren, or Raron, v. Swisa csraton of the Valais,
21 ra, E, Sion,
Raritan, r. N, J, forraed by two branches which
unite in Somerset county. It rises a UtUe S, of E,'
and passing by New Brunswick and Amboy, falls
into Amboy bay at the south end of Staten island.
Sloops of 80 tona ascend to New Brunswick, 17
milea. It has long been in contemplation to con
nect tfais river with the Delaware by a canal.
See JVe«i Jersey.
Raritan, t Somerset co, N, J. on the Raritan,
12 ra, N, Vf. Brunawick,
-Ras, or Passage du Ras, atrait, on the N, W,
coaat of France, between the islsmd of Sains and
the rasdnland, a little S, of Brest,
Rcu: el Khyma, t, Arabia, on the Persian gulf,
the capital of the Pirate coast It stands on a
sandy peninsula, and ia weU fortified. The Brit
iah destroyed tfae defences in 1809, but they were
afterwards repaired ; and a new expedition was
sent against the place a few yeara aince. Lon.
65°30'E, Lat25°4ffN,
-Ras al Mahbees, cape, Arabia, in the Red aea.
Lat 32° Iff N,
Ras Mohammed, cape, Arabia, in tfae Red sea,
forming the S, point of the promontory of Sinai,

RAT
divides the head of that sea into two branches.
Lat 27° 54' N.
-Ras al Noshef, cape, Egypt, in the Red sea.
Lat 23° 16' N.
Ras Rouse, cape, on the E. coast of Arabia,
Lat 21° SffN,
Ras Vire, cape, on the S. coast of Arabia, form
ing the extremity of the bay of Curia Murisu
Lat. I7"2ff N,
-Ras Zafrane, cape, Egypt, in the Red sea, 32
ra, S, S. E, Suez.
-Rasa, araall ial. near the £, coaat of Africa, Lat,
17° 8' S,
Rasay. See Raasay.
Rosch, t Bavaria, 2 m, S. S. E. Altdorf,
Rascians, or Railsen, a numerous tribe, of Scla
vonic deacent, inhabiting the Bannat, Sclavonia,
and other parts of the south of Hungary.
Raseb, al, fortified psiss in the raountains of
Great Bukharia, 165 ra, E, Samarcand.
Roseborg, a-p, Russia, in Finland, 30 ra, S. E,
Abo, Rasiculnui, cape on the N, cosist of Sicily, Lon,
12°4ff E. Lat 38° Iff N,
-Rosnes, t, France, in Orne, 12 m. S- W. Ar
gentan, 23 N. W. Alencon. Pop. 2,200.
Raspberry Island, small isl. on the N. W. coast
of America. Lon. 230° 3' E. Lat 54" ff N.
Rosselstein, v. Prussian states, in the grand
ducfay of the Lower Rhine, I m. from Neuwied.
It has large fron works.
Rassovat, t Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, 24 m, N.
E.Dristra. Lon. 27° 37' E. Lat 44° 25' N.
Rastadt, t Germany, in Baden, on tfae Murg,
near the Rhine. Il is the cfaief town of tfae dis
trict of the Murg, and the seat of one of the four
courts of juatice of the grand duchy, 20 ra, N,
N, E. Strasburg, Pop, 4,200,
Rastenberg, t Germany, 15 m, N, by E, Wei
mar. Pop. 900,
Rastenburg, t. Eaat Prussia, 56 m, S, S, E, Ko
nigsberg. Pop, 2,200.
Rastico Harbor, Grand, bay in the gulf of St,
Lawrence, on the N. coast of the island of St,
Jofan. Lon. 62° 60' W. Lat 46° 25' N,
Rastrick, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 5 m, N, by W.
Huddersfield. Pop. 2,442.
Raszkow, t. Prussian Poland, 15 m. W. by S.
Kalisch. Pop. 900.
Rot Island, srasdl isl. on the coaat of Sumatra,
9 ra. W. Fort Marlborough, Bencoolen. Lon,
101° 55' E, Lat 3° 67' S,
Raton, harbor, Sweden, on the W, coaat of
the gulf of Bothnia- Lat, 63° 5ff 43" N,
Rakliff an Saore, v. Eng. in Nottingharaahire,
near the confluence of the Scare with the Trent,
8 J ra, S. W. Nottinghara.
-Rafc/i^e, hamlet, Eng. in Middlesex, 24 m.E.
by S. St. Paul's cathedral, London, and witiiin
the biU of mortality. Pop. 6,998.
Rathcormick, t Ireland, in Cork co, 12 m, E,
MaUow, 14 N. Cork.
Ratheim, t. Prussian states, 12 m. N. N. E. Ju
Uers. Pop. 900.
Rathenau, t. Prussia, in Brandenburg, on the
Havel, 42 ra, W, Beriin, 43 N, N, E. Magdeburg,
Pop, 4,100,
Rathlin Island, sraall ial, near the N, coast of
Ireland. Lon, 6" 6' W, Lat, 62° 2ff N,
Ralhmines, v. Ireland, 1 J m, fr, Dublin castle,
Ratibor, t. Prussian Silesia, on the left bsuik of
the Oder, which here becomes narigable, 87 m, S.
"E, Breslau. Pop, 3,500,
78

R A V

en

Ratiborsicse, t. Boheraia, 46 m, S,'l)y E. Prague-,
Pop. 800.
Ratisbon, an ancient city in the central part of
Germsiny, long known aa the place of meeting far
the diet of tfae empire. It ia in Bavaria, on the
S, bank of tfae Danube, opposite the influx of the
river Regen, from wfaich ita Gerraan narae,. Re-
gensburg, is derived. The raajority of the in
habitants Eire Catholics, It waa longthe aee of an
archbiahop, but in 1817, was reduced to a bisho
pric, 63 m, N. N, E. Munich, 127 S, W, Prague.
Lon. 12° 3' 23" E. Lat, 49" ff 4ff' N, Pop, 22,000.
Ratmansdorf, t, Austrian atates, on the Save, 22
m. S, Clagenfurt,
Rataolh, t. Ireland, in Meath co, 12 ra, E, Trira,
12 N. W, Dublin,
Rotscha, strong fort, Auatrian atates, on an isl".
and at the confluence of the Drino and tfae Save,
53 ra, W. Belgrade.
Ratschaeh, t. Ausfrian atatea, in Carniola, on
the Save, 30 m, E, Laybach.
RatteUdorf, t. Bavarian states, at the confluence
of the llz and the Maine, 9 ra, N, Bamberg, Pop.
900. Rottenberg, t Austrian states, in the Tyrol, 24
m. E. N. E. Innspruck. Pop. 800.
Raltingen, t Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, 4 m. N. E. Dusseldorf. Pop. 3,800.
Rattolow, a-p. Hind, in Gujerat Lou. 72° 15'
E. Lat 22° ff iV.
Rattray Head, proraontory, Scotland, in Aber
deenshire, 7 ra, E. Kinnard's Head, 7 ra. N, Pe
terhead. Lon, 1° 44' W, Lat. 67° 32' N,
Ratzeiur, t Prusaian atates, in Pomerania, 53
ra. S, by E, CoaUn, Pop, 1,200,
Ratzeburg, principality in the north of Ger
many, belonging to the grand duke of Mecklen
burg-Slrelitz, and adjacent to the territory of Lim
bec, Extent, 136 aquare milea. Pop. 11,000.
Ratzeburg, t. Denmark, in the duchy of Lauen
burg, on an ialand in a Isdie ofthe same name. 11
ra, S. by E, Lubec, Pop, 2,000,
Ratzkeve, or Raitzenmarkt, t Hungary, -on the
W, bank of tfae Danube, 17 m, S, W. Buda. Lom
18"5ffE. Lat47°ff 30''N.
Rova, t Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the Dan
ube, 38 ra. W. NicopoUs, 46 E. by S. Vidin. Pop.
2,000. -Rai;a, t A, Turkey, on the Euphratea, about
midway between Kerkeaiehand Anna.
Ro'ucourt, V. France, iu .Ardennes, 9 m. S. Se
dan. Pop. 1,400.
Raudnitz, t. Bofaeraia, on the Elbe, 23 m. N. N.
W. Prague. Pop. 1,100,
Rovella, t Ifaples, 8 ra, W. Salerno, 22 S. E. Na
ples. Pop. 1,'700. It is a biahop'a aee.
Raven, Point, the N. point at the entrance into
Wexford haven, Ireland, 4 m, E. Wexford. Loni
6°Sff W. Lat62"2ff N.
Ravenna, a delegation or diatrict in the east of
Italy, in the States of the Churcfa, contsiining a
population of 124,000.
Ravenna, a large and well known town, Italy,
in the Statea of the Churcfa, in a marahy diatrict,
near the mouth of the Montone. It once had a
considerable port, but it ia now iUled up with
mud, which has accumulated to such a degree,
that the city is now three or four miles from the
sea. It ia the see of an su-chbisfaop, and the resi
dence of a papal legate, 40 m, E, Bologna, 70
N, E, Florence, Lon, 12" Iff E, Lat 44° 25' N,
Pop, 12,000.
Ravenna, p-t. anil f^ap. Portage co. Ohio, on the

818

RAY

R E d

Cuyahoga, 35 m, S, E, Cleveland, 140 N, E, Co'-
lurabus. Here ia a wooUen manufactory,
Ravensberg, a county of Prussian Westphalia,
which now forma part of the government of Min
den, Area, 670 aquare miles. Pop, 90,000,
Ravensburg, t Wirtemberg, 21 m, E, N, E.
Constance. Pop, 3,300.
Ravengktss, t. England, in Cumberland, at the
moutha of the Irt and the Esk, 24 m. S. Cocker
mouth. Ravenstein, t, Netherlands, in Nortfa Brabant,
on the Maeae, 4 m. N, W, Grave, 18 E, N, E.
Boia le Due. Pop. 1,500.
Ravenstandak, v. Eng, in Weatmoreland, 5 ra,
6, S,W, Kirkby Stephen,
Ravey, the Hydrootes of the Greeks, r. Hind,
'Which rises in Cfiahmere, and running S, W, pas
ses Lahore, and joins the Indus, s5o m, below
Moultan, sifter a courae of 500 miles,
Rdvieres, t France, in Yonne, 12 m, S,E, Ton-
uerre, 30 E, by S, Auxerre, Pop, 1,100,
RovUpandy, t. Hind, in Punjab, about half way
between the Indus and the Jhylum or Hydaspes
rivers, Lat, not ascertained.
Ravitz, or Rawitsch, fortified t Pruaaian Poland,
near the confiuea of Sileaia, Pop, 8,000, ofwhom
1,200 are Jewa, 55 ra, S, Poaen,
Raujeshy, extenaive and valuable disfrict of
Bengal, between tfae 24° and 26° N, lat, intersect
ed in ita whole lengtfa by the Gangea,
Roumo, or Rameae, a-p, Eu, Rusaia, in Finlsrad,
ou the gulf of Bothnia, 53 ra, N, by W, Abo,
Lon, 21° 27' 6" E, Lat 68° ffN, Pop. 1,700,
Rauris, t Austria, 36 m, S, Sakbnrg, Pop,
1,700, Rauschenberg, t, Germany, in the electorate of
Heaae, 8 ra. N. N. E. Marburg, 38 S. S. W. Cas
sel, Pop. 1,200.
Rawa, t. Poland, 40 ra. S. W. Warsaw. Pop.
1,800. Rawaad, t Hind, in Lahore. Lon. 72° 12' E.
Lat 33° ffN.
Rawak, small isl, in the Pacific ocean, off the
N. coast of Waygiou. Lon. 131° 16' E. Lat 0°
3'N. Raworikrad, lake in the mountaina of Thibet,
which givea rise to the river Sultelege.
Raway. See Rahway.
Rowcliffe, t. Eng. in Yorksfaire, 3 m, E, by N,
Snailh, Pop, 1,143,
Rawdon, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 6 m, N, E, by N,
Bradford, Pop, 1,450,
Rawdon, t, Leinater co. Lower Csmada, 34 ra.
N. Montreal,
Rawdon, t. Nova Scotia, 40 ra, from HaUfax,
Rdwson, t, Haatinga co. Upper Canada, W, of
ICingston, Rawsanaville, t, Montgomery co, N. Y,
-Ray, Cape, the S, W. point of Newfoundland,
Lon, 59° W. Lat 47° 32' N,
Raybttugh, district. Hind, in Bejapore. Ray-
baugh, the capital, ia in lon, 76° E, lat 16° 46' N,
Raymond, p-t, Cumberland co, Maine, 24 m, N,
PorUand. Pop, 826,
Raymond, p-t Rockingham co, N, H, 21 m, W,
Portsmouth, Pop, 898,
Rayne, or Rain, Old) t. Scotland, in Aberdeen
shire, 24 m. W, N, W, Aberdeen,
Raynham, t, Bristol oo, Maas. Sn Taunton river,
3 m. E, Taunton, 32 S, Boaton. Pop, 1,154, Iron
ore of excellent quality ia found here, and bar
iron, hoUow ware, najila. Sic. arc manufactured

The first forge setup in America, waa erected at
thia place in 1652, by Jaraes and Henry Leonard,
natives of England.
Razo, Cape. See Race, Cape.
Razor Island, smaU isl. off the coast of Brazil,
12 ra. S. Rio Janeiro.
-Re, isl. nesu- the W. coast of France, opposite
La RocheUe, 12 miles long and S broad. Pop.
17,000. Lon. 1° Sff W. Lat 46° 14' N,
Rea, r, Eng,' in Worcester and Staffordshires,
which runs into the Tame, near Yamtou HaU,
Reach, t, York co. Upper Canada, N, E, of
York, Reodfidd, p-t Kennebeck co, Maine, 7 m, W,
Augusta, Pop. 1,396.
Reading, borough t Eng. and cap. of Berk
shire, on the Kennet, at its junction with the
Thames. It ia advantageously situated for trade,
and exports 20,000 aacka of flour annUsiUy to the
metropoUa. Pop. 12,000. 8 m. S. Henley-on-
Thamea, 39 W. London. Lon. 0° Sff W. Lat
61°27'N. Reading, t Windaor co. Vt 9 m. W. Windaor.
Pop. 1,666.
Reading, p-t Middleaex co. Maas. 12 dl N.
Boston. Pop. including South Reading, 2,228.
Large quantities of shoea are manufactured here.
Reading, South, t. Middleaex co. Maaa. 11 m,
N, Boston. It was formed from psu-t of Reading,
in I8I2.
Reading, p-t Fairfield co. Ct 60 ra. S. W,
Hartford. Pop. 1,717.
Reading, p-t Steuben co. N. Y. on the W. side
of Seneca lake, 23 ra. N. E, Bath. Pop. 1,210.
Reading, t Adams co. Pa, Pop. 732.
Reading, p-t. and cap. Berks co. Pa. on the
SchuylkiU, 64 m. N. W. Philadelphia, 44 S. IV.
Bethlehem, 31 N. E. Lancaster, 64 E. Harria
burg. Il is a flourishing town, regularly laid ont,
smd inhabited chiefly by Gerrasins ; and contains
a court-house, jail, an elegant cfaurcfa for German
Lutherans, a cfaurcfa for Calvinists, one for Ro
man Catholics, and one for Friends. In the ri-
cinity are seversd fine miU seats, and the town is
faraous for the raanufacture of hats. Pop. 3,462,
Reading, t. BuUer co. Ohio.
Reading, t Fsiirfield co, Ohio, Pop, 789,
Reading, t Hsunilton co, Ohio, 10 m, N, Cin
cinnati, Reading, t Perry co, Ohio, in wfaich is Somer
set, the county seat
Jieadington, or Riddenton, t Hunterdon co, N,
J, 17 ra, N, W, New Brunswick, Pop, 1,797,
Readsbarough, p-t. Clesirfield co. Pa,
ReadyviUe, p-t. Rulfaerford'co. Ten.
Reah, t Syria, 36 ra. S. S. W. Aleppo.
Reolqo, I. Guatimala, in Nicaragua, on a bay
of tfae Pacific ocean, al tfae raoutfa of a river, both
of the same name, 18 ra. N. W. Leon. Lon. 87°
5ffW. Lat 12" 46' N.
Realejo, srasdl isl. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Popayan. Lat. 4° 16' N.
Realmont, t France, in Tarn, 12 m. S. Albi, 14
N. Castres. Pop. 2,300.
ReolviUe, t France, in Tarn-and-Garonne, on
the Aveyron, 9 m. N. E. Montauban. Pop. 2,500.
Reamstown, p-v. Lancaster co. Pa,
Reaume, fief, Devon co. Lower Canada, on the
S, side of the St, Lawrence, 53 ra, N, E, Quebec,
Rebais, t, Frsmce, in Seine-and-Marne, 9 m.
N, E, Couloramiers, Pop, 1,300,
Recanati, (au, Recinetum,) t. Itsdy, in the Ec
clesiastical Statea, nesa- the Musone, 4 m, S.W.

RED
Loretto, 1^ S. Aucona. Lon. 13° 31' E. Lat 43°
25' N. Pop. 4,000.
-Recco, t SsuxUniau states, on the sea cosist, 10 m.
E. S. E. Genoa. Pop. 2,000.
jReceji sur Ource, t Frsince, in Cote d'Or, 36 m.
N. W. Dijon. Pop. 800.
Reche, t Eng. in Cambridgeahire, 64 m. W. by
N. Newmarket,
Rechecourt, t France, in Meurtfae, 12 m, S, W,
Sarreburg, 20 N, E. Luneville. Pop, 1 ,000,
Recherche Archipelago, ialanda, atretcliing about
126 miles sdong the S, coaat of New Holland, be
tween 33° and 34° S, lat,
Rechnitz, t. Hungary, 7 m, S. S. W. Guntz.
Pop. 2,200.
Rechteren. See Specif eld.
Recife. See Pernambuco.
Recinetum.. See Recanati,
Reekem, t Netherlands, in Limburg, 8 m. N.
Maestricht Pop. 900.
Reckenberg, t Saxony, 23 m. S. W. Dresden,
17 S.S.E. Freyberg.
Reckenitz, r. Germsmy, which forms the boun
dary between Mecklenburg and Pomerania, and
falls, at Dsungsu-d, into a lake which communi
cates witfa tfae Baltic.
Reckhdm. See Reekem.
Recklmghausen, t. Prusaism states, on the Lippe,
29 ra. S. W. Munater. Pop. 1,200. The county
haa an area of 264 aquare milea, with 27,000 in
habitants. Recoaro, v. Austrian Italy, 22 ra. N. by W. Ve
rona. Recreation Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 148° W. Lat 16° S.
Rectortown, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Reculver, v. Eng. in Kent, 8 ra. N. E. Canter
bury. Pop. 265.
Red Bank, t Armstrong co. Pa. Pop. 943.
Red Bank, fort, Glouceater co. N. J. on the
river Delawsire, 7 ra. S. Philadelphia.
Red Bonk, p-v. Colleton diatrict, S. C.
Red Bay, bay, on the S. E. coaat of Labrador.
Lon. 56° 10' W. Lat 61" 6ff N.
Red Bluff, p-v. Claiborne co. Miasissippi.
Red Cedar Lake, See Cerfar Lafce, (Red).
Red Deer Lake, a lake of North Americsu Lon.
112° W. Lat 65°I0'N.
Red Deer River, r. North America, whicfa faas
its source in Etawwemafa lake, and empties itself
into the N. end of Little Winnipeg lake. On this
river tfae North-west fur company have a fort.
Red Head, proraontory, of Scotlsmd, in Angus-
shire, Lon, 2° 2ff W, Lat 56° 33' N,
Red Hook, p-v. in Rhinebeck, Dutchess co, N.
Y, on tfae Hudson, 47 m, S, Albauy,
Red House, p-v, Csiswell oo. N, C,
Red Island, ial, near tfae E. coast of Labrador,
Lon, 55° 60' W, Lat, 43° 4ff N,
Red IslarA, isl, near the W, coast of Newfound
land. Lon, 69° Iff W, Lat, 48° Sff N,
Red Loke, lake N, W, Territory, one of the
sources of Red river. Il is about 60 milea in cir
cumference, Lon. 96° W, Lat 48° N.
Red Lion, hundred, Newcastle co, Del, Pop,
816, Red Point, cape on the E, coast of New Hol
land, Lon, 150° 6ff 7" E, Lat, 34° Sff S,
Red River, r. N, America, formed by two bran
ches which riae near the sources of the Missis
sippi, The eastern branch issues from Red lake,
and running weat about 160 miles, receivea the
other branch from the south. The united sfream

RED

619

then flows north raore than 100 miles, and re
ceivea the Assinniboin from the west, sdter which it
runa N, E, about 70 mfles, and falls into lake Win
nipeg at its southern extremity. At the point of
land formed by Uie junction of the Assinniboin and
Red river, in lat 49° 40' N, and lon, 98" W, is a
trading eatabliahment formed by Lord Selkirk, iu
1812, It consists of aboutSOO familiea, Scotch and
Gerraana, who can furniafa 600 men capable o(
bearing arms, A fort has been erected and fur
nished with 20 cannon. There is another settle^
ment of about 50 families, mostly of mixed blood,
with two French Catholic priests, on Red river,
at the mouth of the Pembanon, within the Umits
of the U, States, about 16 miles south of the line.
Red River, r, Canada, which runs into the Uta-"
was, 60 m, W, Montreal,
-Red River, r, which rises in Kentucky, and runs
into the Cumberland in Tenneaaee, a little below
Clsirkaville, after a course of 50 miles.
Red River, c. Ken, which runa W, and joiiu
Kentucky river, 9 m, above Boonaborought
Red River, T. N, America, which riaes in the
Rocky Mountaina, in about lon, 106" W. and lat,
37° N, and after a S, E, courae of more than 1200
mile3,_falls into the Miaaiaaippi in about lat. 31° N.
The navigation ia interrupted in several placea by
freea wfaich have floated down in immense num
bers, and choked up the channel.
Red River, Little, r, Arkansaw Territory, which
falls into the W, aide of Wachitta, 200 m, above
its mouth. It ia navigable 300 mfles.
Red Sea, an extensive gulf, dividing Arabiafrom
Africa, It is 1,400 mfles long, and extenda from
12° to 30° N. lat The navigation ia very difficult
and dangerous, being almost constsuitly obstructed
by reefs and coral rocks. The harbours are also
few in nuraber. The principsd are, Suez at its
northern extremity ; Cosseir, Souakin, and Maa
suah, on tfae western ahorea ; and Yarabo, tfae
port of Medina, Comfodah, Mocha, Loheia, srad
Hodeida on tfae eastern or Arabian side,
jRerf Shoal, p-v. Stokea co, N, C,
Redburn, v. Eng. iu Hertfordsfaire, 17 m, W,
by N, Hertford, Pop, 1,333,
Reddish, t Eng, in Lancasfaire, 4J m, S, E, by
S, Manchester, Pop, 632,
Reddygoodum, t. Hind, in Cfrcsirs, Lon, 80° 41'
E, Lat 16"6ffN,
Redes, r. S. America, whicfa runa into the gulf
ofDarien, in lon. 76" 40' W, lat 7° 57' N, -
Redfield, p-t Oawego co, N, Y, 35 m, N, Rome,
148 N. W, Albany, Pop, 362.
Redford, East. See Retford.
Redinhajtt. Portugsd, 16 m, S, by E, Coimbra,
Pop, 2,000.
Rednitz, r. Germany, which is joined by the
Pegnitz, near Furth, and forms the Regnitz, See
Regnitz, Redon, t. France, in Ille-and- Vilaine, on the
Vilaine, where it is joined by the Oust, and where
it becomes nayigable for vesaels of considerable
aize. Pop, 4,Ci00. Redon is an entrepot for the
merchandiae of Rennea, 33 ra, E, Vannes, 40 S,
W, Rennea, Lon, 2° ff W, Lat, 47°4ff N,
Redondesco, t Auatrian Italy, 12 m, W, Man
tua, 21 E, by N, Cremona,
RedondiUo, or Redondela, t. Spain, in Galicia,
on the bay of Vigos, 47 m, W, S, W, Orense, 20
N, Tuy, Pop, 1,200,
Redondo, or 0 Redondo, t. Portugal, in Alen^
tejo, 14 m. E, N. E, Evora, Pop, 2,700.

620

REG

Redondo, rock between Montserat and Nevis,
Carribee ialanda, Lon. 61° 35' W, Lat, 1,7° 6' N.
Redondo, cape on the E, coast of S, America,
Lat 43° S,
Redruth, t. Eng, in Cornwall, in the midst of
rich tm and copper mines. 9 ra, W, Truro, Lon,
6° 1 1' W, Lat 50° 12'N, Pop, 5,903,
Redstone, t, Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 1,224,
Reedsborough, t Bennington co, Vt Pop, 410,
Reedsiown. See Strong.
Reedy Island, isl, in the river Delaware, 3 raflea
long, but narrow, 50 m. below PhUadelpfaia, 20
from Bombay Hook, There ia a secure harbour
at Port Penn, imraediately opposite, on tfae
Delaware shore, where piera have been erected
by the State of Pennaylvania, The principal
channel is on tfae E. aide ofthe island.
Reedy River. See Saluda.
Rtef Island, sraaU isl, in tfae Eastem seas, 50 m,
W, Sumatra, Lon. 101° 3' E, Lat 4° S,
Reef Island, smaU isl, in the Eastern seas, near
the N, coastof Celebes, Lon, 122° 48' E, Lat, 0°
ffN, Reel Foot, r, Tennessee, which runs into the
Miasiasippi, about 35 m. S. ofthe Ohio.
Reepham, t. Eng, in Norfolk, on the river Eyre,
11 ra, N, E, Dereham, 112N, byE, London, Pop,
299, Rees, t, Prussian states, near the Rhine, 11 m.
E, Cleves, Lon, 6" 22' 34" E. Lat 61" 46' 66" N,
Pop, 2,300,
Refah, t Egypt, 18 m, N, E- El Arish,
Rega, r. Gerraanyj wfaicfa forms the boundary
between Brandenburg and Pomerania, srad fsdls
into the Baltic near Treptow.
Regan, t Kerman, in Persia, 89 m. E. Bumm.
Regano, cape on the W. coast of Majorca. Lon.
2° 42'E. Lat39°2ffN.
Regen, r. Germany, which unites with the Lit
tle Regen, and falls into the Danube, near Ratis
bon. -Regen, Circ/e of the, province, Bavaria, adja
cent to Bohemia. Area, 3,800 square miles. Pop.
358,000, of whom the great majority are Catho
lics. Ratiabon and Amberg are the principal
towns. Regen, t Bavaria, 49 m, E. by S, Ratiabon, 29
N,N,W, Passau, Pop, 1,000.
Regensberg, t, Switz, 7 m. N, Zurich,
Regenstairf, t. Bavaria, 9 m, N, Ratisbon, Pop,
1,200, Regent's town, a town of liberated negroes in
W. Africa, in the colony of Sierra Leone, It was
set apart in 1813 for the reception of negroes de
livered frora slave-ships by the Englisfa cruisers.
In 1819, tfae number amounted to l,177,frora raore
than 20 different tribea, sorae of tfaem barbarous
to an astonishing degree. Under the instructions
however of a raissaionary from the Churcfa Mia
sionary Society, tfaey have becorae civilized, in-
duatrioua, and orderly in tbeir behavior, A large
stone church haa been built, a congregation of
1,000 or 1,200 negroea, frora the town and neigh
borhood, ia usually collected on the Sabbath, of
which 250 are regular communicants- 'The
schools contain upwarda of 500 scholara, and the
chriatianized negroes have formed a miaaionary
society, and contributed to ils funds in one year
$133 from their scanty earnings,
Regenwalde, t, Prussia, in Pomerania, on the
wver Rega, 31 m- N, N, E, Stargard, Pop, 1,100.
Reggio, Regium Julii, t. Naples, and cap. of
Calabria Ultra, on the Faro di Mesaina, or strait

R E I
which separatea Sicily frora the msiiniajid. It is
tfae see of an arcfabishop. 6 m. S. E, Messina in
Sicily, 33 N, by W, Nicotera, Lon, 16° Sff E, Lat
38° ffN. Pop. 16,500.
Reggio, (au, Regium Lepide,) t Italy, capitalof
a sraaU duchy of the sarae narae, belonging to the
duchy of Modena, It is on the river Tessone, and
ie surrounded with a rsunpart It was the birth
place of Ariosto, 12 m, W, N, W, Modena, IS
S, E, Parma, Lon, 10° 3ff E, Lat 44°41'N, Pop,
13,000, Reggialo, t, Auatrian Italy, 11 m, S, Mantua,
Regis, t. Saxony, onthe Pleiaa, 18 ra, S, Leipaic,
Regnitz, r. Bavaria, which ia formed by the
confluence of the Rednitz and Pegnitz, at Furth,
and faUs into the Maine, below Baraberg.
Regny, t. France, 12 m. S, E, Roanne, Pop.
1,450. Regyo, r. Algiers, which fsdls into tfae Mediter
ranesm, 16 ra. £. Algiers.
Rehau, t. Ba-varian Statea, 9 m. E. S, E. Hoff^.
Pop. 1,100,
Rehburg, t Hanover, 21 m, W, by N, Hano
ver. Pop. 1,200.
Rehda, t. Pruaaian States, 25 ra. W, N. W, Pa
derborn, Pop, 1,200,
Reher, district. Hind, in Delhi, Reher, for
merly tfae capita], ia in lon, 78° 44' E, lat 29°
23' N,
Rehno, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
18 m. E. by S, Lubeck, Pop. 1,500,
Rehob, in Sac, Geog, t of the tribe of Asher, in
the valley at the foot of mount Lebanon,
Rehoboth, in Sac. Geog, t. Assyria, on the Eu
phrates, between Cerousium and Ana,
Rehoboth, p-t. Briatol co. Mass. on the E. aide
ofthe Seekhonk, 15 m. W. Taunton, 37 S. W. Bos
ton. Pop. 4,866.
Rehoboth, hundred, Suaaex co. Detewsire.
ReicheUheim, t Germany, 18 m. N. E, Nas-sau,
Pop. 800.
Reichenau, isl. in the lake of Constance, be
longing to Baden. Pop. 1,4(X).
Reichenau, t Ssixony, in Upper Lusatia, 4 m,
S, W. Camenz, Pop, 3,200,
Reichenau, or Richnow, t. Bohemia, 18 m, E.
N, E, Konigingrata, Pop. 3,300,
Reichenbttcli, one of the four governments into
whicfa Prussian Silesia WSIS divided in 1815. Area,
2,500 square mfles. Pop, 470,000,
Reichenbach, the chieftown of the above gov
ernment, is II ra, S, E, Schweidnitz, SO S. W,
Breslau, Lon, 16° 36' E, Lat, 50° 39' N, Pop.
3,300. Reichenbach, t. Saxony, 13 ra. N. N. E. Plauen.
Pop- 3,300.
Reichenberg, t. Bohemia, on Uie Neiase, It ia
the largest and raost thriving town of Bohemia, sif
ter Prague, The value of the woollen, linen,
smd sloclcings, annually raade, is estimated at more
than half a milUon sterling, 62 m. N, N, E, Prague,
Pop. 12,000,
Reichenhall, t. Bavaria, on the Sala, 66 m. E, S,
E. Munich, 11 S. S, W, Salzburg, It has exten
sive salt-works,
Reichenstein, t Pruaaian Statea, 6 ra. E. Glatz.
Pop, 1,300,
-ReicAcns/ein, Lower, t. Bohemia, 3 m, W. S. W,
Berg.Reichenstein, Reichenstein, Upper. See Berg-Reichenstein.
Rdchenweyer, t. France, in Upper Rfaine, 6 m,
N, N, W, Colmar, 9 S. S, W, Schelestadt Pop,
1,750,

REM

REP

621

Reichshofen, t, France, in Lower Rhine, 27 m,
N, Strasburg, Pop. 1,600,
Reichstadt, t, Bohemia, 40 m, N, N, E, Prague,
Pop, 1,200,
Reichsthal, t Prussian States, 34 ra, E, Breslau,
Pop, 1,000,
Reid's store, p-v, CampbeU co. Va.
Reid's store, p-v. Moore co. N. C.
Reiffnitz, or Ribenza, t. Austrian States, in
Carniola, 4 m. N. W. Gotlschee.
Reigate. See Ryegate.
Reignier, t. Sardinian States, 9 m, S, E, Gene
va, Pop, 1,300,
Reikianess, Cape, promontory on the S, coast of
Iceland, Lon, 22° 47' W, Lat. 63° Sff N,
ReUlane, t France, in Lower Alpa, 14 m, E,-
Apt Pop, 1,300.
Reims. See Rheims.
Rein, t. Prusaian Lithuania, 12 m. S. S. E, Ras
tenburg, Pop, 1,300,
Reinach, t, Switz, 6 m, S, Bale,
Reinerz, t. Prussian States, 12 ra, W, Glatz,
Pop, 1,600,
Reinsberg, or Rhynesberg, t, Prussia, in Bran
denburg, 12 ra, N, by E, New Ruppin, 45 N, N,
W, BerUn, Pop, 1,700,
Reismorkt, or Sserdahdy, t, Transylvania, 32
m, W. Hermannstadt.
Reissen, or Rydzyn, t. Frussian Poland, 43 m.
S. by E. Posen. Pop. 1,300.
Reistertawn, p-t Baltimore co. Md. 15 m. N.
W. Baltimore.
Reith, t, Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. W. by S.
Richmond. Pop. 1,394.
ReUti, t. Austrian atates, in Tyrol, 6 ra. S. Fus-
«en Bavaria.
Rq'oicing, r. Illinoia, which runa into the Wa-
basfa between Fort Harriaon and Tippecanoe.
-Rei:a, r. Austrian Ulyria, which falls into the
gulf of Quarnero, at Fiurae.
Rekek, small ial. in the Eastern aeas. Lon. 128°
40' E, Lat 1° S3' S,
Rekham. See Arrokon.
Remalord, t, France, in Orne, 16 m, S. E. Mor
tagne. Pop. 1,700.
Rembertston, p-t. Surapter district, S. C.
Remedios, city, New Granada, 89 m. N. W.
Santa Fe. Lon. 76° Iff W. Lat, 6° 42' N.
Remedios, Nuestra Senora de lo.i, city, New
Grsmada, cap, ofthe province ofthe Rio del Ha
cha, 73 m. E, by N, Santa Martha, 104 N, W,
Maracaibo, Lon, 72°6ff W, Lat 11° Sff N.
Remich, t. Netherlanda, on the Moaelle, 12 m,
E, by S, Luxemburg. Pop. 1,600,
Remiremont, t France, on the MoseUe, 14 m,
S, E, Epinal, Pop, 4,000,
Remissau, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 2 m, N, N,
E, Glauchau,
Remney, or Rumney, r, Wales, which faUs in
to the Severn a little below Cardiff,
Remont, or Ramont, t. S-witz, 11 ra, S, W. Fri
burg, Remoulins, t. France, in Gard, 13 m, N, E,
Nimes, Pop. 800,
Rems, r. Wirtemberg, which runa into the
Neckar, 4 m. N, W, Waiblingen,
Rems and Fils, one of the twelve departraents
ofthe kingdom of Wirteraberg, Area, 640 square
miles. Pop. 126,000, Chief town, Goppingen,
Remschad, v. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, in the government of Dusseldorf, The vil
lage is small, but the population of the environs

exceeds 7,000, It ia one of the chief manufactur
ing places in WestpfaaUa, its hardware being well
known throughout tfae nortfa of Germany. 2 m.
S, W, Lennep,
-Rcmsen, p-t Oneida co, N, Y, on Black river,
35 m, N, Rome, 107 N. W, Albany. Pop, 489,
Renaison, t, France, in Rhone-and-Loire, 6 m.
W, Roanne, Pop, 1,700,
Renaix, or Ronse, t Netherlands, in Flsmdera,
7 m, S, Oudenarde, 22 S, by W. Ghent, Pop,
10,000, Renapore, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, Lon, 76° 55'
E, Lat, 10°2ff N.
Renchen, t Baden, 10 m, E, Strasburg, 4 N, W,
Oberkirch, Pop, 2,000.
Rendezvous, Island of, isl, in the Indian ocean,
near the N, coast of Kerguelen's Land.
Rendezvo'us Key, smsdl isl, in tfae bay of Hon
duras, Lon, 88° 4ff W, Lat, 16° Sff N,
Rendsburg, t, Denrasu-k, 50 m, N, Hsupburgb,
on the Eyder, at its junction with the Kiel, Pop. '
4,500, Its chief manufacture is of pottery,
Renfrew, a county of Scotland, bounded E, by
Lanarkshire, S, by Ayrshire, and on the remain
ing sides by the frith of Clyde, Extent, 241 sq,
miles. Pop, 92,596,
Renfrew, a royal burgh, Scotiand, in Renfrew
CO. 6 m, W, Glasgow, 3 N, Paisley, Pop, 1,500.
Reninghe, t. Netherlands, in West Flsraders, 8
m. N. by W. Ypres. Pop. 2,000.
Renkum, t, Netherlands, in Gelderlsrad, 8 m,
W, Amheim, Pop, 1,100,
Rennes, t Frsmce, cap, of the Ille and Vilaine,
is situated in an extensive plain, at the conflu
ence of theae two rivers. It haa a small univer
sity, an academy, college roysfl, a school of medi
cine and aurgery, and a drawing scfaool. The
manufacturea consist of sailcloth, blankets, hats,
thread, stockings, gloves, hardware, aU of wfaich
are exported. 80 ra. N. Nsmtes, 220 W. Paris.
Lou. 1° 36' W, Lat. 48° 7' N. Pop. 25,904.
Reno, r. Italy, in tfae States of tfae Chnrch,
which falla into the Po, oppoaite to Ferrara.
jRe?isse/aer, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Waahing
ton CO. E. by Verraont and Massachusetts, S. by
Colurabia co. and W, by tfae Hudson. Pop.
36,388. Chief towns, Troy and Lanaingburgh.
Rensselaer, v. in Berlin, Rensselaer co. N. Y.
An extensive manufactory of window glass was
establishes herein 1805, 12 m. E, Albany.
Rensselaerviik, p-t. Albany co. N. Y. 24 m. S.
W, Albany. Pop. 5,928.
Renterio, t. Spain, in Guipuscoa, 3 m. E. S. E.
St, Sebastian,
Renty, t, Rrance, in Pas-de-Csdais, on the Aa,
14m,S, W, St Oraer's,
Renwez, t. France, in Ardennes, 8 m, S, by E.
Rocroy, Popr 1,200,
Reny, t, Eu, Turkey, in Moldavia, near tfae
confluence of the Pruth aud the Danube, 35 m.
W, S, W, Ismail,
Reolle, t France, on the right bank of the Ga
ronne, S4m, S, E, Bourdeaux, Pop, 3,800,
Reaunzeik, t. Birman empire, on the W, bank
ofthe Irrawuddy river, Lon, 95° 25' E, Lat, 17"
45' N.
Reparo, sraall isl, near the coast of Brazil, Lat.
29° 23' S,
Repeso, small ial, near the coaat of Brazil, Lat,
19° 3ff S.
Reppen, t Prussia, in Brandenburg, 10 m, E.
Frankfort on the Oder. Pop , 2,300,
Reps, or Kohalom-Ssek, district, Transylvania.

622

RET

Area, 210 square mUea, Pop. 26,000, Reps,
or Kaholom, the chief place, is 16 ra. N, Fogaras,
Reptan, v. Eng, in Derbyahire, 4 ra, N, E, Bur
ton on Trent Pop, 1,648,
Repulse Bay, bay on the N, W, coast of Ameri
ca, Lon, 85° W, Lat 66° 4ff N,
RepuUe Bay, bay on the N, E, coast of New
HoUand. Lon, 148° Sff W, Lat, 20° Sff S,
Requena, t Spain, in Cuenca, 41 m, W, by N.
Valencia, Pop, 6,000,
Requisat, t France, in Aveyron, 20 m, W, by
N, St Afrique, 24 S, Rfaodez, Pop, 3,000,
Resen, in Sac. Geog. a town of Assyria.
Reshd, t. Persia, capital of Gfailan, on the Cas
pian, Lon, 49° SffE, Lat37°2ffN,
Resina, t, Italy, built partly on tfae site of the
ancient Herculaneura, 5 m, E, Naples, Pop,
7,800, Resolution Island, one of the Society islands,
about 4 miles long. Lon. 141° 39' W, Lat 17°
24' S.
Resolution Island, isl. in the Atlantic ocesm, 60
miles in circumference, on the N, side ofthe en
trance into Hudaon'a atraits, Lon, 66° W, Lat,
61°40'N, Resoulabad, t. Hind, in Agra, Lon, 79° 47' E,
Lat 26° SffN,
Ressund, t. Sweden, in Jaratland, 22 m. S. E.
Ostersund. Restoration, sraall isl. off the E. coast of New
Holland. Lat. 12° 39' S,
Restoration Cave, bay on tfae N, W. coast of
America, in Burke's canal, Lon. 127° 40' W, Lat.
52° r N,
Retford, or Redford, East, borough, Eng, in
Nottinghara co. on the Idle, 30 m, N. Nottingham,
144 N, by W, London. Lon, 0° Sff W. Lat. 53°
Iff N. Pop, 2,030,
Rethel, or Retel Masarin, t France, in Arden
nes, on the Aiane, 24 ra. N. E, Rheiras, Lon, 4°
27' E. Lat 49° Sff N, Pop, 4,900,
Rethem, t. Gerrasmy, in Hanover, on the river
AUer, 32 ra. N, N, W, Hanover, Pop, 1,000.
Retiers, t. France, in Ille-and- Vilsuue, 20 m, S,
W, Vitre, 21 S, E, Rennes. Pop. 3,000.
Retima, or Rhetsmo, s-p. Turkey, in the islsmd
«f Candia, on the N, coast, about 40 ra, W, of the
town of Candia, Lon, 24° 21' E, Lat, 35° 20' N,
Pop. 6,000.
Retarbio, t, Sardinian States, 17 ra, S, W, Pa
via, Retpoarah, t. Hind, in Berar, Lon, 78° 21' E.
Lat, 21° Iff N,
Retreat, Point, poinl of land in Lynn's canal,
onthe N. W, coast of Araerica, Lou, 225° 12' E,
Lat 58° 24' N,
Retteg, t. Tranaylvahia, 35 m, N, by E, Clau
senburg, Rettenbach, v. Bavaria, 4 ra. E, Ottobeuren,
Pop, 1,000,
Rettinghery, t India, in Myaore, Lon, 77° 4' E,
Lat, 14° ff N,
Retusari, isl, ofthe gulf of Finland, on the S, E,
extremity of whicfa the town of Cronstadt is built.
Rets, t. Bavaria, 26 m. N, N, E, Ratisbon, Pop,
900. Rets, Reels, or Reckau, t, Pruasia, in Branden
burg, 59 ra. N, N,. E. Custrin, Pop, 1,400,
-Re/8, or Rods, t, Austrian Statea, on the Theya,
44 m, N, N. W, Vienna, Pop, 2,200,
Reisat, circle, Bavaria, to the N, of the Dan
ube, Area, 3,400 square railea. Pop, 520,000,
parOy Catholics, but piore Lutherans, The cap-

R E r
ital IS Anspach, but the largest town, Nurem-
berg, Retsstalt, t, Bavaria, 5 m, S, S, E, Carlatsidt
Pop, 900,
Revel, or Kolyvan, the capital of Esthohia, in
Russia, is on a small bay of the gulf of Finland.
It faas au excellent harbour, well secured against
all winds, and weU defended by fortifications.
The exporta conaiat of corn, timber, hemp, and
apirituous liquora from the interior. The imports
are sEdt, augar, coffee, and British manufactures.
200 m, W. St Peteraburgh, 180 W, by N, Riga,
Lon, 24° 39' E, Lat 59° 26' N, Pop, 13,000,
Revel, t France, in Upper Gsironne, 30 m, S. E,
Toulouae, Pop. 3,800.
k Revello, t Piedmont, 9 m. N. W. Saluzzo. Pop,
5,000. Revere, t. .4uatrian Itsdy, in the Mflauese, onthe
Po, 15 m. E. S, E. Mantua. Pop. 3,200.
Revigny aux Vaches, t France, in Meuae, on
the Ornain, 9 m. N, W. Bar aur Ornain. Pop.
1,700. ReviUa Gigedo, Island of, isl. on the W. coast of
N. America, 50 milea long, and 25 broad. Lon.
130° 27' to 131° 15' W. Lat 55° 6' to 55° 65' N.
Reuilly, t. France, in Indre, 12 m, N, E, Issou
dun, 20 W, Bourges. Pop. 1,700.
Revin, t France, in Ardennes, on the Meuae, 6
m. N, by E. Rocroy. Pop. 1,800.
Reus, t. Spain, in Catalonisi, 6 mfles from the
sea. It carries on a brisk frside, and has manu
factures of silk, cottona, leather, hata, sis weU as of
brandy and liquora. 8 m, W. Tarragona, Pop.
20,000, Reuss, a principality of tfae interior of Germa
ny, divided into two parts, Reuss-Greitz, and
Reuss-Lobenatein, belonging lo different branches
ofthe family of Reuss.. They contain together
600 square miles, Tfae reUgion is Lutheran,
Eeuss-Greits borders on the Pruaaian territories,
and contains only 154 square railea, and 22,255 m-
faabitants, witfa a revenue of 13,000/. aterUng,
Greitz or Grsu'tz is the chief to'wn. -Reuss Loben
stein borders on the Bavarian territories, and
contains 446 square miles, 52,205 inhabitants,
and a revenue of'29,000/. sterUng. The prmcipal
town ia Gera.
Reuss, 1, Switz, which rises in Mount St Go
thard, passes by Lucerne, and falls into the Aar,
near Bruck,
Reutlingen, t. Gerraany, in Wirtemberg, on
the Ecfaetz, 19 m. S, by E. Stutgard, Pop, 8,300,
Revucra, t Hungary, 13 ra. N. Neusohl, Pop,
1,300, Rewah, t. Hind, in AUahabad, Lou, 81° 25' E,
Lat24°27'N. Rewory, t. Hind, in Delhi, Lon, 76° 42' E,
Lat 28° 13' N,
Rey. See Rae.
Rey, oneof the Pearl ialanda, in the bay of Pa
nama, 20 miles long and 10 or 11 wide, Lon, 79°
46' W, Lat, 8° N,
Reyde, fort, Netherlands, in Groningen, at the
enfrance of. the Dollsu-t, oppoaite Embden, 7 m,
E, S, E, Delfzyl,
Reyes, city of New Granada, 72 ra, S, Sante
Martfaa. Lon. 73° Sff W, Lat 10° 6' N,
Reyes, city of the Caraccsis, in Venezuela, 40
m. S, S, W, Caraccas, Lon, 67° Iff W, Lat 9°
57' N,
Reyes, small isl, near the coast of Patagonia, at
Uie entrance of Port Desfre, Lat, 47° Sff S,

RHE

R H I

623

Reynoldsburg, p-t. and cap. Humphreys co.
Ten. Reynosa, t. Spain, in Old Castile, 35 m. N. W.
Friars. Pop. 1,500.
Reys, Paint, or Cape de los Reys, proraontory
on the N. W. coast of Araerica. Lon. 237° 24'
E. Lat 38° Sff N.
Resot. See Retsat.
Rezbach, t Bavarian States, on the Maine, 8 m.
N, Wurzburg, Pop, 1,000,
Rhayader, or Rhayadergwy,t. Walea, in Radnor
eo, 18 m. N, W. Radnor, Pop, 446,
Rhea, co. East Tenneaaee, on the W, aide of
the river Tenneaaee, Pop, 2,504, including 214
slaves, Cfaief town, Washington.
Rheden, or Rheeden, t. Netherlands, in Gelder
lsrad, 5 m, W, Doeaburg, 6 E, N, E. Amheim,
Pop, 3,400,
Rheenen, or Rhenen, t, Netherlands, in Utrecht,
near the Rhine, 14 m, W. Amheim, 22 S, E.
Utrecht, Pop, 2,200,
Rhegium. See Reggio.
Rhedit, or Rheyd,t. Prussian province of Cleves-
and-Berg, 2 ra. E, Gladbach. Pop. 3,600.
Rheims, or Reims, derived frora Remi, city in
tfae N. E. of France, in Marne, on the sraall river
Vesle. It is surrounded with a ditch and earthen
raound, bul the reraaining fortifications of the city
were levelled in 1812. The cathedral is a vast
Gotfaic edifice of the 12lh century, aud oue of the
fineat specimens of that kind of architecture in
France. A university, founded here in 1547, is
now replaced by a royal college. Tfae arch
bishop of this ancient city is the priraate of the
kingdora. The chief raanufacturea are of cottons
and woollena ; also of hata and atockinga. 26 m. N.
N. W. Chalona sur Marne, 100 E. by N, Paris,
Lon, 4° ff E. Lat, 49" Iff N, Pop. 38,000,
Rheinau, t Switz, in Thurgau, 5 m, S, S. W,
Schaffhausen, Pop- 800,
Rheino-Walbeck, a araall principality of, Ger
many, subject since 1815, to Prusaia and Hano
ver. It Ues along the W. side of the Ems, and
has sm area of 256 square miles, -with 10,0()0 in
habitants. Rheinbach, or Rhynbach, t Pruaaian province
of Cleves-smd-Berg, 20 m, S, Cologne, Pop,
1,200. Rheinbergen, t Prussian States, iu Cleves, 8 ra.
S. Wesel. Pop. 1,700.
Rhein-Bischoffsheim. See Bischofsheim.
Rheineck, t. Switz. in St. Gall, on the Rhine,
8 m. S. W. Bregnetz, 24 E. S. E. Constance.
Rheinfelden, t. Switz. on the Rhine, 9 m. E.
Bale. Pop. 1,200.
Rheinfds, or Rhinfek, fort, Prussian grsmd
duchy of the Lower Rfaine, on an island in the
Lower Rhine, at St. Gear, between Coblentz and
Bacharach. Rheingau, or Rhingau, diatrict of Germany, in
the duchy of Nsissau, on the N. bank of tfae Rhine,
about 12 miles long and 4 broad.
Rheinau, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 6 ra. S.
Strasburg. Pop. 1,200.
Rheinthal, i. e. the Valley of the Rhine, a dia
trict of the Swias canton of St. Gall, lying along
the Rhine, from the lake of Constance to tfae lord
ship of Sax. It ia 16 railea long, and 4 broad.
Rheinzahern, t France, in the Lower Rhine, 8
m, S, E, Landau, 15 N, E, Weissenberg, Pop,
1,000, Rhense, or Recs, t Prussian States, on the
Rhine, 5 m. S. Coblentz. Pop, 1,000-

Rhieneck, principality of the Bavarian States.
Area, 24 square mfles. Pop, 2,000,
Rhine, the greatest river in Europe, after the
Danube and the Wolga, rises in Switzerland, on
the N, E, side of Mount St. Gothard, Flowing to
tfae east, it pasaea the Grison town of Coire or
Chur, wfaen it becoraea navigable, and then holds
a northern courae to the lalie of Conatance, Iaau
ing from the lake with a copious current, the
Rhine flows to the west, and receives the Aar, the
Reuss, and tfae Limraal, whose united atream
brings the tributary waters of the west and centre
of Switzerland. At Bale, it takes a northern di
rection, and receives several rivers, of which the
chief are tfae Neckar and Maine on the aide of
Gerraany, and the Moaelle on that of France. Con
tinuing ita courae to the N, it enters the kingdom
ofthe Netherlanda, and turning to the W. divides
into two great branchea, of which the southern
takea the narae of Waal, receives the Maese, be-
coraes like an arra of the sea, and flows into the
Gerraan ocean by Dort, Rotterdara, and WiUiam
stadt The northern, or lesa conaiderable branch,
ia farther divided, firat above, and afterwarda be
low Amfaeim ; and the name of Rhine ia finally
retained by a amall alow flowing water, which
pasaea Utrecfat and Leyden in its way to the sea,
or rather to the sands near Catwyk. From its
source to Mentz, tfais great river is called the Up
per Rfaine, and from Mentz to Holland, the Lower
Rhine. Its length ia about 700 railea, and is nav
igable with a few inleruplions, from Coire in the
Grisons, lothe German ocean. Of late, (1820,)
steam boats have been employed in the navigation
ofthe river.
Rhine, Circle of, a province aubject to Bavarisi,
at a considerable distance frora tfae rest of tfaat
monarchy, being situated W. of the Rhine, be
tween Weissemberg on tfae S. and Worras on tfae
N. Its forra is compact. Area, 1,800 square
milea. Pop. 308,000, of wfaom the majority are
CathoUca. It containa mines of iron, quicksilver,
coal, and extensive pastures. The cfaief towns
are Landau, sind Deux Fonts.
Rhine, a province of the grand duchy of Hesse,
situated N. of the Bavarian circle of the Rhine,
Area, 1,000 square railes. Pop. 155,(X)0.
Rhine, Confederation af, a short lived associa
tion, entered into by several German princes, in
1806, by which they separated themselves from
the empire, and formed a new political corapact,
under the protection of France. The original
parties to this lesigue were — Bavaria, Wirtera
burg, Baden, Berg, Hease-Darmatadt, Naaaau and
some amaller Malea. To these were afterwsirds ad
ded Saxony, Westphalia, Mecklenburg, and all the
leaser princes of the weal and north of Germany.
Rhine, Lower, province of the Prussian Slates,
coraposed of territories taken iu 1814, from France
and the grand duchy of Berg, and assigned to
Prussia by tfae congresa of Vienna. It is bounded
N. by tfae Pruasian province of Cleves and Berg,
E. by Nassau and Hesse Darmstadt, S. by France,
and W. by Netfaerlands. II lies on both sides of
the Rfaine, between 49" 2ff and 51° 8' N. lat, hav
ing an area of 5,700 sq, railes, and 950,000 inhabi
tants. Rhine, Circle of the Lower, formerly one of the
ten circles of the German empfre, now divided
among the states of Baden, Bavaria, Hesse-Darm
stadt, Nassau, Prussia, and Hanover,
Rhine, Circle ofthe Upper, formerly a circle of
the German empire, now divided among Bavaria,

624

R H O

R H O

Hease-Casael, Hesse-Darmstadt, and other states,
Rhine,Lower,(Bas Rhin,) department in the E,
of France, lying between the Rhine and the Voa
ges mountains. Area, 1,900 aquare milea. Pop,
nearly 440,000,
Rhine, Upper, (Haul Rhin,) department in the
E, of France, lying directly S, of the department
of Lower Rhine. Extent, 1,700 aquare railes.
Pop, 320,000, aU of whom are of German de
scent. Rhinebeck, jt-t Dutcheaa co, N, Y, on the Hud
son, 18 m, N, Poughkeepsie, 67 S, Albany, Pop,
4,486, It containa 3 churchea for Dutcfa Reform
ed and a Metfaodiat church. In thia town is tfae
village of Redhook. There are 4 landings on the
river in Rhinebeck, Here ia a remarkable cav
ern, Rho, t. Austrian Italy, 8 ra, W, Mflan,
Rhode Island, one of the U, Statea, bounded N,
and E, by Massachueetts ; S, by tfae Atlantic, and
W, by Connecticut It is 49 miles long from N,
to S, and on its northern boundary, 29 broad, and
contains 1,580 square miles, Lon, 71° 6' to 71° 52-
W, Lat, 41° 17' to 42° N, Pop, in 1790, 68,825 ;
in 1800, 69,122; in 1810, 76,931 ; in 1820, 83,059,
or 52 for each square mile.
The northern part of tfae State is failly, and hsis
a thin and barren soil ; the rest of tfae atate ia
chiefly level. Tfae ialanda and the country bor
dering on Narraganset bay are very fertile, smd
celebrated for tfaeir fine cattle, and numerous
flocks of aheep.
Coramon schoola are not aupported by lawjn
Rhode-Ialand, aa in the otfaer New-England
Statea. Academies, faowever, are established in
sdl the principal towns, and private schoola are
maintained during the winter raonlha in alraoat
every partof the State. The Baptists are rauch
the raost nuraerous religious denomination. The
number of Baptist congregations ia 57 ; of Friends,
18; Congregationaliats, 11; Epiacopsdiana, 5;
Moraviana, 1 ; Jews, 1.
The Legislature conaists ofa senate of 10 raera
bers, and a house of representatives of 72 raera
bers. Tfae governor, lieutenant-governor, and
senators are cfaosen annually ; the repreaentativea,
twice a year, in April and August
In no State in the Union is so large a proportion
of the population and capital eraployed in manufac
turing aa in Rhode-lalahd, The principsd article
is cotton gooda, wfaicfa are manufactured in large
quantities in Providence aud tfae vicinity. There
are now more than 90 cotton mills in tfae State,
many of wfaicfa are extenaive eatabliafamenta, Tfae
other raanufacturea are woollen gooda, iron, ar
dent apirita, &c. The value of tfae manufactures
in 1810, was $4,106,074, The exports in 1820,
amounted to $1,072,762, of whicfa nearly one half
was foreign produce, 'The araount of shipping in
1819, waa 39,044'tona. Tfae amount of dutiea on
foreign raercfaandize in 1815, waa $233,024,
There were in 1819, 33 banks in this State ; 7
at Providence, 5 at Newport, 5 at Bristol, 3 at
Smithfield, 2 at Westerly, and 1 eacfa at Warren,
Pawtucket, Pawtuxet, Cranston, Gloucester,
BurrilviUe, Scituate, Coventry, Greenwich,
Wickford, and South-Kingston,
Rhode Island, isl, from which the above Stale
lakes ila narae, ia in Narraganaet bay. It ia 15
miles long, and on an average 3^ broad, contain
ing about 60 square miles. Its cUraate and soil
are delightful : Tho summers are remarkably

pleasant, and the -winters raflder thsm ou the ceu-
tinrnt. It ia a noted reaort for invalida from
soutfaem cUmatea, Travellers have called it the
Eden of Araericsi,
Rhode River, r, N, Carolina, which runa into
the N, W, branch of Cape Fear river.
Rhodes, an extensive island ofthe Mediterrane
an, near tfae coaat of Aaia Minor. In sracient
tiraea, it waa one of the raoat celebrated of the
states of Greece, and distinguiahed above aU oth
era by ita wealth, coramerce, and naval power.
After the deatfa of Alexander, it appeared in its
full glory, and not only dazzled the world by its
magnificence, but becarae illuatrious by its war
like exploits. This celebrated island ia now re
duced by the oppreasion of the Porte, and the ar
bitrary exactions of its govemors, to a stale ofthe
most wretched poverty. The climate is delight
ful, and the soil fertile and well watered, but the
oppression of the pacha, and the insecurity of
property, have rendered these gifts of nature of no
avail, and though it raight become tfae granary of
the neighbouring istands, it is now obliged to im
port a considerable proportion of tfae grain which
it consumes. The population is estimated by Sa-
vary at 7,300 families, ofwhom 4,700 su-e Turks,
2,500 Greeks, and 100 Jews, in aU about 36,500
souls ; but Turner, a more recent traveUer redu
ces the nuraber to 20,000.
Rhodes, a city, smd capital of the island of the
sarae name, presents few vestiges of its ancieut
grandeur. Statues, colossi, and paintings, have
aU been deatroyed or removed. Tfaere are no re
maina of its msignificent temples and spacioua por-
ticoa. Tfae inhabitsmts consist of 5,000 Turks,
and 1,000 Jews, uo Greeks being allowed to aet-
tie in tfae city. One half of tfae houaes in the city
are in ruins, and one faalf of tfaose in the suburte
uninhabited. Rhodes has two good harbours,
separated only by a mole. Tfae two exfremitiea
are defended by towers, diatant 8f)0 feetfrom each
otfaer ; while in the centre of the mole there is a
square tower, 120 feet high. Lon. 28° 12' 15" E.
Lat. 36" 2ff N.
Rhodez, or Rades, t France, cap. of Aveyron,
32 ra. N.N. E. Alby, 70 N. E. Toulouse. Lon-
2" 34' E. Lat 44° 21' N. Pop. 6,600.
Rhodina. See Contessa, Gulfof.
Rhadosta. See Rodosto.
Rhoe, Mickle, one of the Shetiand isles, on the
S. of tfae mainland. Il is 24milea in circumference.
Rhone, a great river which rises in tfae centre
of Switzerland, only 5 milea from the source ofthe
Rhine, and flowing weat, rolls its turbid waters in
to the transparent lake of GeuevEL Issuing fivim
that lake, the Rhone flowa S. forraing the bounda
ry between France Eind Savoy, sifter which it
tuma to tfae west aud nortfa, until reaching Lyons,
where it is joined by the Saone. It then turns to
the south, srad discharges itself, by three mouths,
into the part ofthe Mediterranesui caUedthe gulf
of Lyons, after an entire course of 5fX) rafles. The
navigation down its stream takes plaoe with great
ease ; but the .upward navigation csm be perform
ed only by draught or steam.
Rhone, departraent in the S. E. of France,
bounded by the departraents ol the Saone-and-
Loire, the Ain, the Isere, and the Loire. Extent,
1,060 square rafles. Pop. 330,0(X). Lyons is the
capital. Mhone,Moulhs of the, (Bouches du Rhane,)ade-
partraent in the S, E. of France, bounded by the
Mediterranean suid the depsirtments ofthe Gard,

R I C
Vaucluse, and Var. Extent, about 2,000 Square
miles. Pop. 293,000. MarseiUea is the capital.
Rholas, district, Hind, in Bsihar. Rhotas, the
capitsd, is on the W. aide of tfae Jfaylum or Hydas
pes river. Lon, 72° 65' E. Lat 31° 65' N.
Rhotas, or Rotasgur, fort, Hind, in Bahsu:, on
the top of a table mountsiin, on the N, aide of the
Soane, Lon, 83° 6ff E, Lat 24° 38' N,-
Rhuddlan, v. Wales, iu Flintshire, in the vale
«f Clwyd, Its csistie wsia once a place of great
afrength, 3 m, from Dissert Pop, 831,
Rhuden, See Ruthen,
Riaea, or Riasa, r, Spsiin, which runs into the
Douro, at Rosi,
Rians, t France, in Var, 24 m, N. W, Brig
noUes, 36 N, W. Toulon, Pop, 3,200,
Riao, ial, iu tfae Esistern aesia, 25 miles in cfr
cumference, Lon, 128° 2' E, Lat 2° 26' N,
Riasan, government, Eu, Ruasia, lying S, of
'Vladimir, and E, of Moacow, extending from lat,
53° 40' to 56° N, Area, above 13,000 aquare
milea. Pop, about 1,000,000,
Riasan, the capital ofthe above government, ia
on the Oka, 123 m, S, S. E, Moacow, It is the see
of a Greek biahop. Pop, 5,000,
Riba, t Spsun, in Leon, on the Tormes, 6 m, E.
S, E, Salamanca,
Riba de SeUa, s-p. Spain, in Asturia, on the
coast of tfae AUantic, 40 m. E. N. E. Oviedo.
Ribadavia, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the Minho,
45 m. S. S. E. Santiago. Pop. 2,400.
Ribadea, t Spsun, in GaUcia, 18 m. N. E. Mon-
donedo. Fop. 2,000.
Ribbk, r. Eng. which falls into the Irish sea be
low Preston.
Ribchester, v. Eng. in Lancashire, 5i m. N. N.
W. Blackburn. Pop. 2,762.
R'Uie, Ripen, or Rypen, t Denmsirk, on the W.
coast of JuUand, 80 m. S. Wiborg, 120 N. Ham
burgh. Lon. 8° 46' E. Lat. 66° 21' N. Pop.
2,600. Ribeaumller, or Rappolsweikr, t. France, in
Upper Rhine, 7 m. S. W. Schelestadt, 9 N. by W.
Colmar. Pop. 4,700.
Riberia Grande. See St. Jago.
Riremont, t. France, in Aisne, 9 m. S. E. St.
Quetin, 21 N. W. Laon. Pop. 2,400.
Ribensa. See Reiffnitz.
Riberac, t. France, in Dordogne, 20 m. W. by
N. Perigueux. Pop. 3,000.
Ribiers, t. France, in Upper Alps, 4 ra. N. W,
Sisteron, Pop, 1,300,
Riblah, in Sac, Geog, t on the N, border of
Palestine, in the province of Hamath,
Ribnik, t Prussian Statea, 13 m, E, Ratibor, 21
N. Teacfaen. Pop. 1,400.
Ribnik, t Eu. Turkey, in Walachia, 100 m, S.
Jaasay, 112 W. IsmaeL Lon. 27° 4' E. Lat. 46°
SffN. Ribnik, t. Eu. Turkey in Walachia, on the
Aluta, 44 m. S. Hermanstadt, 180 S. W. Jaaay.
Lon. 24° 8' E. Lat 46° 19' N.
Ribnits, t. Germany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe
rin, on a bay ofthe Baltic, 12 m. N. E. Roatock.
Pop. 1,900.
Ribton, V, Eng. iu Cumberland, 4 m. E. Work
ington, on the opposite side ofthe Derwent.
iiica, Vilki, city of Chili, 66 m. from the Pacif
ic ocean, 66 N, E, Valdivia, Lon, 72° ff W, Lat,
39° ff S,
Riccitt, t, Naples, in Molise, IS m, E, Boiano,
Pop,4,300, :
79

R I C

625

Rice, Lake, lake of Canada, 6 m, N, Lake On-
tEurio, with a portage between tfaeni.
Riceborough, p-t, and cap. Liberty co. Georgia,
on Newport river, which is navigable for sloops
to this place. 32 ra, S. Savannah.
Riceys, Les, t. France, in Aube, 8 m. S. Bar-
sur-aeine, 26 S. E. Troyes. Pop. 4,000.
Richard's creek, r. Indisuia, wfaich enters the
Wabash on the N. side, 160 m, above Vincennea,
Richborough, v, Eng. in Kent, tfae famoua Ru-
tupium of the Romana. The ruina of ita caatle af
ford a more perfect specimen of Roman architec
ture, than exiata any where elae in Britsiin. 2 m^
N. N. W. Sandwich.
Richelieu, t France, in Indre-and-Loire, 35 m,
S. W. Tours. Pop. 3,200.
¦ RicheUeu, co. Lower Canada, on the S. side of
the St Lawrence.
Richelieu Islands, islanda iu the river St Law
rence, at the S. W. cntramce of Lake St Peter,
nearly 100 in number. Lon. 71° T W. Lat 42"
62' N.
Richelieu river. See Sorel.
Richenburg, t Bohemia, 10 m. S. E. Chrudim.
Richenveir. See Rdchenweyer.
Richfield, p-t. Otsego co. N. Y. 13 m. N. W.
Cooperstown, 72 W, Albany, Pop, 2,079,
Richfidd,t. Ashtabula co, Ohio, on Grand i-iver,
5 m, S, W. Jefferson.
Richfard, t FrankUn co, Vt ou Miasiaque river,
44 m. N, E, Burlington, Pop, 442,
Richhill, t. Green co. Pa, Pop, 716,
Richhill, t Muskingum co, Ohio, 12 m, S. E.
ZanesviUe. Richland, p-t Oawego co. N. Y. on Lake Onta
rio, 56 m. N. W. Utica. Pop. 947.
Richland, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,317.
Richland, t. Venango co. Pa. Pop. 434.
Richknd, district, in the central psu-t of S. C.
Pop. 9,027, including 6,238 slaves. Chief town»
Colurabia. Richland, r. Tennessee, which joins Elk river,
after a course of 70 mflea. It ia navigable 12
miles to Pulaski.
Richland, p-v. Gfles co. Ten.
Richland, co. in the. N. part of Ohio. Pop.
in 1815, 3,000. Chieftown, Mansfield.
Richland, t. Belmont co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819,
3,(X)0. In thia towu ia St. ClairsviUe, the county
seat. Richland, t. Clinton co.Ohio, 7 m. £. Wilming
ton. Pop. 783.
Richland, t. Fairfield CO.- Ohio, 10 m. N. E.
Lancsister. Pcjp. 614.
Richland, t Guernsey co. Ohio, 9 ra. S. E.
Carabridge. Pop. 227,
Richlieu, or Chambly. See Sorel River.
Richman's Island, amaU isL on the coast of
Msune, 3 ra, N, Portland,
Richmond, v, Eng, in Surry, on the S, bank of
the Thamea, remarkable for the beauty of its
scenery, and for being the seat of a royal palace
during several centuriea. It haa an observatory,
and the rich scenery of Richraond aind its vicinity
has attracted a number of families of distinction,
whose seata render the viUage siud neighbourhood
remarkably gay and splendid, 9 m. W, S. W,
London. Pop, 5,219.
Richmond, borough t Eng, in the West Riding
of Yorkshire, on a lofty eminence, on the N, bank
of the S.wale, The town is on the N. decUvity of
the hill, and the castle crowns the summit.
The chief trade is com and lead, 40 m.N, W,

626

R I C

R I D

York. Lon. 1°46'W. Lat 54" 24' N. Pop. 3,056.
Itichmond, t. Upper Csmada, on Lake Ontario,
W. of Kingaton.
Richmond, t Gaape co. Lower Csuiada, on Cha
leur bay.
Richmond, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt. on Onion
river, 13 m. S. E. Burlington. Pop. 936.
Richmond, p-t. Cheahire co. N. H. 47 m. S. W.
Concord. Pop. 1,290.
Richmond, p-t. Berka co. Masa. 7 ra. W. Lenox,
130 W. Boston. Pop. 1,041.
Rkhrrumd, p-t. Washington co. Rhode Island,
30 m. S. Providence. Pop. 1 ,330,
. Richmond, co. N, Y. coraprises Staten islsmd.
Pop, 5,347, Chief town, Southfield,
Rickmond, forraerly Honeoy, t Ontario co. N,
Y, 16 ra. S. W. Canandaigua, 232 W. Albany.
Pop. 1,372.
Richmond, v. in Southfield, N. Y. in which are
the county buildings. It contains a court-house
and jail, and 2 cfaurchea. 12 m. S. New York.
Richmond, p-t. Berka co. Fa. Pop. 971.
Richmond, co. Va. bounded N. by Westraore
land co, N. E. by Westmoreland and Northum
berland coa. S, E, by Lancaster co, and S, W. by
Rappahannock. Pop. 6,214. Slavea, 3,178. At
the court-house is a poat-office.
Richmond, the metropolis of Virginia, is in Hen
rico CO. on the N. side of Jamea river, immedi
ately below tfae faUa, and directly opposite Msra-
chester, with which it is connected by two bridges.
The situation ia hesflthy, as weU as faighly pictu
resque smd beautiful. A part of the city ia built on
tfae margin of tfae river ; tfae reat upon Shockoe hill,
whicfa overlooks the lower part of the cityi and
commands sm extensive and deUghtful prospect of
the river and adjacent counfry.
Richmond is finely situated for a commercial
srad raanufacturing city, being at the hesid of tide
water, and having an extensive back counfry,
abounding witfa tobacco, wfaeat, and cosfl. Tfae
James river comp'auy have rendered the river
navigable for batteaux for 220 milea above the
city. The canal around the Great Fsflla cora
mencea about 7 milea above tfae city, and tfae wfaole
descent to the basin on Shockoe faill is 43 feet.
The basin is within the city, covering a apace of
»everal acres, and around it are coal yards, lumber
houaes, srad landing places for the produce brought
down the river. The descent frora tfae basin to tide
water is about 80 feet, and is effected by 13 locks.
The cost and expenses ofthe canal to the end ofthe
yesu- 181.5, faave been estimated at $374,290; tfae
tolls received, up to tfae same period, $390,060 ;
and tfae dividends, $152,000. On the canal are
numerous mill-seats. In 18 16, there were brought
down the canal, 14,562 hogafaeads of tobacco,
178,846 bushels of wheat, 86,655 barrels of flour,
and 800,000 buahela of coal. The value of the
produce exported frora Richmond and Manches
ter is about $8,000,000 annually. The amount
of shipping belonging to thia port in 1816, was
9,943 tona. Jamea river is navigable for vessels
ef 250 tons to Warwick, and for those of 125 to
Rockets, a raile below Richraond.
Richraond contains a state-house or capitol, a
bowe for the governor, a spacious and elegant
court-house, a jail, alma-house, atate prison, ar
mory, 2 market-houses, a museum smd academy ol
fine arts, Lancsisterian school, female orphsra asy
lum, 3 banks, including a brancfa of tfae U. S. bank,
2 insurance companies, 4 tobacco warehouaea, 1
houses of public worahip, 2 for Epiacopaliana, 2

for Methodiats, and 1 each for Baptiats, Friends,
and Jews ; and 1,400 private housea, 800of brick,
many of thera elegant, and 600 of wood. Among
the raanufacturing estabUsliments are a glass
house, sugsu- refinery, iron foundery, roUing and
slitting mill, nail manufactory, and cotton mill.
Tbe state-house or capitol is- built in a com
manding situation on Shockoe lull. Tfae design
waa taken from La Maison Quarre at Niraes, bat
the execution faUs greatly short of tfae original.
In the centre of a spacious hall, in the mid&e of
the building, stands a marble statue of Washing
ton, executed in Paris. The Virginia Armory is
erected on tfae aouth aide of the canal, sibout a
quarter of a mile above the basin. Here are man
ufactured annuaUy upwards of 4,000 stand of
muskets, 300 rifles, and 1,000 swords srad pistols.
In the cannon factory have been cast upwarda of
350 cannon. The state prison is of brick, in a
high and healthy situation, and coat tfae atate
$136,402. The whole number of prisonera re
ceived into it from April 1800 to Deceraber 1816,
was 721, of whom 1'79 were btacks. The monu
mental church ia an interesting edifice, bnUt on
the ruina of the theatre which was consumed by
fire on the night of the 26th of December 181 1,
during the rehearsal ofa play, at which about 600
persona were present, of whom 66 white persons,
arad 6 people of colour lost their Uves ; among tbe
former were George WUliam Smith, Esq, the gov
ernor of the state, and many others of the first
respectabiUty, The growth of Richmond has been remarkably
rapid. In 1783, the population -was less than two
thousand; in 1800, 5,739; in 1810, 9,736; andin
1817, 14,338. It is ISO mfles from the monUi of
the river, 114 W.N.W. NorfoUr, 25 N. Peters
burg, 123 S. S. W. Washington city. Lat 37° 30^
N. Lon. 77° 31' W.
Richmond, co. in the S. part of N, Carolina.
Pop. 6,696, including 1,394 slaves. Rockingham
is the chief town. At the court-house, is a post-
office. iiic/tinond, CO. Georgia. Pop. 6,189, including
3,436 slaves. Augusta is the chieftown.
Richmond, p-t, smd cap, Madison county, Ken,
Pop. 366.
Richmond, p-t Ross co. Ohio. See New Rich
mond. Richmond, p-t Jefferson co. Ohio, 10 m. N. W.
Steubenrille. Richmond, t Howard co. Miasouri.
Richmandshire, disfrict, Eng. in Yorkshire, of
which Richmond is the capital.
Riclitenberg, t Prussisi, in Poraerania, 10 m, S.
W. Stralsund, Pop, 800.
RichtensehweU, t Switz. on the S. side of the
lake of Zurich, 11 m. S, Zurich, Pop, %400,
Riehwood, t. Washington co, Miasouri,
Ricknmnsworth, t. Eng. in Hertford co. 18 m, N.
W. London. Pop. 3,230.
Rich, t Spain, in Arragon, on the Xalon, 30
m, W, S, W, Saragossa.
Ridderkerk, v. Netherlands, in South HoUand,
6 m. S. E. Rotterdam. Pop. 2,600.
-Ride, V. Eng. in the Iale of Wight, oppoaite
Portamouth, 9 m, N. E. Newport
Rideau River, r, Canada, which runs into the
Otta-wsia river. It has a perpendicular faU of 40
feet. Ridge, p-v, St- Mary's co, Md,
Ridge, p-v, Edgefield diatrict, S, C
Ridgebing, p-t. Orange co, N, Y.

R I G

R I N

627

Ridgefieid, p-t, Fairfield co, Ct, 10 m, S, W,
Danbury, 65 N, E. New York, Pop, 2,103,
RidgefieM, t. Huron co, Ohio,
Ridge road. See New York, State of.
Ric^etHle, p-t, Warren co, Ohio, 7 m, N, Leb
anon, RidgeviUe, p-t, Cuyahoga co; Ohio,
Ridgeway, p-t Genesee co, N, Y, on the Erie
canaL /iid/ey, t Delaware CO, Pa, Pop, 991,
Riebeck's Costeel, diviaion of tfae diatrict of Dra
kenstein, in the Cape of Good Hope, 60 m, E.
CapeTown, Ried or Riedt, t Auatria, 18 m. E, Braunau, 18
m, S, Passau. Pop. 3,000.
Riedesel, sraall principality of Germany, in the
grand duchy of Hesse. Area, 70 sq. mfles. Pop.
9,200. Riedlingen, t Wirtemberg, on the Danube, 28
m, W,S,VV, Ulm, 44 S, S. E, Stutgard, Pop, 1,500,
Riegel, t. Baden, 14 m. N. N, W, Freyburg,
Pop, 1,700,
Riehen, t Switz, on the Rhine, 3 ra, E, Bsde.
Rida, t, Spsiin, in Arragon, 14 ra, N. E, Cala
tayud, -Riesa, t Saxony, on tfae Elbe, 24 ra, N, W,
Dresden, Pop, 1,100,
Riesenburg, or Prabmdka, t Weat Pruaaia, 12
m, E, Msirienwerder, Pop, 2,400,
Riesengebirge, i. e. the Giant's Mountains, com-
prehenda tfaat part of tfae great Sudetic chain
which begins on the bordera of Luaatisi, and aep
arates Bohemia and Moravia from Silesia.
Rietberg. See Rittberg.
Rieti, L Italy, in the States of the Church, on
the Velino, 25 m. S. S. E, Spoleto, 37 N, N, E,
Rome, Pop. 6,600, It iathe see of a bishop, A
battie was fought here on the 7th of March 1 821,
between the Austrians and NeapoUtans, in jvfaich
the latter were defeateil,
•Rieti, district of the States of the Cfaurch, N.
E. Rome. Pop. 66,000.
Rieumes, t. France, in Upper Garonne, 23 m.
S. W. Toubuse. Pop. 1, 100.
Rieupeiroux, t. France, in Aveyron, 12 m. E.
by S. Vfllefranche, Pop, 1,800.
Rieux, t France, in Upper Gaironne, 28 ra, S,
by W, Toulouse. Pop, 1,700,
Rieux, t France, in Morbihan, on the Vilaine.
Pop. 2,200.
Riexingen, Upper, t. Wirtemberg, on the Enz,
12 m. N, N, W. Stutgard, Pop. 1,000.
'- jRies, t France, in Lower Alpa, 23 m. S. by W.
Digne, 40 N, E, Aix, . Pop, 2,900,
'* Riga, Govemment of. See Livonia.
Riga, city, Eu. Ruaaia, and cap, of Livonia, is
in- a large plain on the Dwina or Duna, about
nine miles fi-om the sea. It ti-aa, in a commercial
senae, tfae aecond city of Rusaia, until tfae rapid
increase of Odeaaa, Its port is botfa spacious and
aafe, Witfaout being a regular fortress,- Riga has
considerable strength, haviug a citadel, and being
surrounded with an earthen mound and raoat
The entrance of the river ia guarded by the for
treaa of Dunaraunde, Tfae export trade ia chiefly
managed by Engliah and Scotch housea; the prin
cipal articlea are timber, flax, herap, and corn!
The average number of veasela arriving yearly at
Riga is between 700 and 800 ; the computed value
ofthe exporta a raiUion sterling, of which fully the
half are aent to England and Scotland, The im
ports are groceriea of all kinds, printed cottons,
woollena, ailks, and wine; also bay salt and fish,
285 m. W, S. W, St, Petersburg, 235 S, S, E,

Stockhohn. Lou, 24° 7' E. Lat 56° 5'. N, Pop
36,000, -Riga, Gulf of, bay of tfae Baltic, between the
coasta of Courland, Livonia, and Eathonia, It ia
aometimes called the gulfof Livonia,
-Riga, p-t. Genesee co. N, Y, on the W, aide of
Geneaee river, 20 m, E, Batavia, Pop, 863,
Rigaud, aeigniory, York co. Lower Canada, on
the S. aide of Ottawaa river, 35 m. W, Montreal,
Rignac, t. France, in Aveyron, 14 m, W, by
N, Rhodez, Pop, 2,000,
iJignac, t France, in Charente, S ra, S, Barbe-
sieux. Pop, 1,200,
Rignano, t. Naplea, in the Capitanata, 18 m,
W, N, W. Manfredonia, Pop, 2,000,
Rigiiy le Feron, t. Franoe, in Aube, 24 m, S, W.
Troyes, Pop, 1,000,
Riga, small isl, near the N, W, part of the isl
and of Porto Rico, in the West Indips,
Rigolets, a channel or strait between the statea
of Louisiana and Mississippi, which connects Lake
Ponchartrain with Lake Borgne, Pearl river
falls into il,
Rigolets de bon digu, r, Louiaiana, which branch
es off from Red river near Natcfaitochez, and re
ceiving the waters of Saline lake and Black lake,
unitea again witfa Red river 25 mUea above Alex
andria, Rii, t, Darfur, in Central Africa, 60 m, S, S, E,
Cobbe, Riley, I. Oxford co. Maine, 30 ra. N, W, Paris,
Riley, t. Buller co. Ohio, 10 ra. W. Harailton.
Rimac, r. Peru, whicfa flowa into tfae sea iu lat.
12° 2' S.
Rimachuma, lake of Quito, 19 miles long from
N. lo S. and 6 wide. It erapties itaelf, on the weat
aide, into the river Pastaza, in lat 4° 11' S,
Rima-Ssecs, t. Hungary, 17 m. S, Gomer, Lon,
20° 14'E. Lat 48° IffN,
Rima-Szombath, or Gross-Steffelsdarf, t Hunga
ry, 14 m, E, S, E, Altsohl, on the Rima. Lon, 20°
2'I7"E. Lat48°23'ie<'N, Pop, 3,000,
Rimingtan, t Eng, in', Yorkshire, I4J m, W, &
W, Skipton, Pop, 596,
Rimini, t Italy, in the Ecclesiastical states, on
the Marecchia, near its influx into the Adriatic.
It had forraerly a good harbour; but the aea has
now retired to the distance of a raile and a half;
It is the see ofa bishop, 28 m. S, S, E, Ravenna,
50 N, W, Ancona, 150 N, Rome, Lon, 12° 32' E.
Lat 44° ffN, Pop, 8,000,
Rimman, in Sac, Geog, t in the tribe of Simeon,
on tfae S, border of Palestine. — Also, t, in the fribe
of Zebulun,-5^lso, a rocknear Gibeah,
Rimnik. ^e Ribnik.
Rimont, t. France, iu Arriege, 7 m, N, E, St,
Girons, 18 W, Foix, Pop, 1,800,
Rimouski, seigniory, Cornwallis co. LowerCan-
ada, on the S. side ofthe St- Lawrence.
Rimpar, t, Bavsuian states, 4 ra, W, Wurzburg.
Pop. 1,000.
Rincadrolean Point, cape on the W. coast of
Ireland. Lon, 10° Iff W, Lat 62° 44' N,
. Rindge, or Ringe, p-t Cheshire co. N, H, 39 m.
S, W. Concord, 56 m, N. W, Boston, Pop, 1,226,
Ring Island, amall ial, oppoaite Newburyport,
Maaa,' Ringkioping, or Rinkoping, t, Denmark, in N.
Jutland, 62 m, N, by W, Ripen, 45 S. W, Wiborg
Lon, 8° IffE,' Lat 56° ff N.
Ringkben, t. Germany, belonging to Saxe»
Weimar, 6 ra, N, Erfurt, 26 E. N, E, EisenacHl
Lon, 11° 2'E, Lat 51° ffN.

628

R I P

Rineo's Thum, p-v. Hunterdon co. N^J. 15 m.
H. 'VV. Princeton.
Ringsheim, v. Baden, 2 m. W, by S, Ettenheim,
Pop, 1,100,
Ringstedt, t Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
30 m, S, W. Copenhagen, Pop, 700,
Ringwood, t Eng, in Hampahire, on the Avon,
30 m, S, W. Winchester, 91 S, W, London, Lon,
l°4ffW, Lat 50° SffN. Pop. 3,269.
Rinteln, t Germany, on the Weser, 30 ra. 'W.
S. W. Hanover, 10 S. E. Minden. Pop. 2,700,
Rintimpore. See Rantampore,
Rin'vid Point, cape, Ireland, on the W, cosut of
Galway CO, Lon. 9° SffE. Lat 53° SffN.
Rio-Grande, r. Zanguebar, in E. Africa, which
falla into the Indian aea, in lon. 41° 30' E: tat 2°
ffS. Rio Grande. See Grande, Rio.
Rio Grande, province, Brazil,, bounded by the
capitania of St. Paul's on the N. Matto Groaao on
the W, and the Spaniah territoriea on the S, The
cliraate ia very fine, and the soil so productive,
that this district may be called the granaryof
Brazil-. The wheat grown here is ahipped to all
the ports on the coEist The^otfaer exporta are
beef, tallow, and hidea, to a great amount.
¦Rk Graiide, the capital ofthe above province,
is at the mouth of a river of the aarae name, in l%t
32° S. It ia well defended, and carriea on an ex
tensive trside in the productiona of the province.
-Rio de Ouro, r. of tfae Sahara, in W. Africa,
which falla into the Atlantic, in lon. 16° W. lat.
83° Sff N,
-Rio rfas Pedras, r. W. Africa, which fsdls into
the Atlantic, in lat 9° 10' N.
-Rio del Rey, r, W. Africsi, which falls into the
gulf of Benin, in about lon, 8° 6' E, lat 4° Sff N,
-Riom, t France, in Puy de Dome, 50 m, S, by
W, MouUns, Lon, 3° 6'E, Lat 45° 51' N. Pop,
13,500, Rions, t France, in Gironde, 17 m, S, E. Bour
deaux, Pop, 1,500,
Riopar, t Spain, in La Mancha, 17 m, S.by W.
Alcsu-az, Pop, 4,600,
Riou's Island, or Rooahooga, isl, iu the Pacific
ocean, 24 miles in circumference, Lon, 130° 9'
W, Lat 8° 54' S.
Ripa Limosani, t Naples, 9 m, E, Moliae, Pop,
3,100, Ripd Transone, t, Italy, in the Statea of the
Church, 12 m, N, E, Ascoli, It is the see of a
bisfaop. , Ripley, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on the river Nyd,
4 m. N. 'W. Knareaborough, 211 N. by W. Lon
don. Ripley, t, Eng, in Derbyeliire, Si m. S. S. W.
Alfreton. Pop. 1,439.
Ripley, p-t. Somerset co. Maine.
Ripley, p-t Chatauque co. N.Y. on Lake Erie,
W. of MaysviUe.
Ripley, p-t. and cap. Brown co. Ohio, on Ohio
river, 46 ra. S. E. Cincinnati.
Ripley, co. Indiansu At the court-houae is a
post-oflice. Ripley, t Bond co. lUinois, on Shoal creek, 20
m. E. EdwardaviUe, 10 W. PerryviUe.
Ripoli, t Spain, in Catalonia, 52 m. N. by E.
'Barcelona, 15 N. Vique. Pop. 2,400.
Ripan, or Rippon, t and borough, Eng. iu the
West Riding of Yorkshire, nearthe confluence of
the Ure and the Skell. It was once celebrated
for ita manufacture of spurs. A navigable canal
pomes near to the town, which communicates

R I V
with York, HuU, &o. 23 m. N. W. York. Lon:-
rSl'W. LatS4°ffN, Pop, 3,633.
Ripton, Addiaon co. Vt E. of Middlebury.
Riplon, p-v. in Huntington, Ct
Rirouat Viloieti. See Croatia.
Ris, t Franoe, iu Puy-de-Dome, 9 m. N. Thiers.
Pop. 1,400.
Risono, t Austrian Dalmatisi, at the bottom of
the gulf of Cattaro, 8 ra. N. Cattaro, Pop, 1,800.
Rishborough Monks, t, Eng, in Buckingham co.
7 m. S, Aylesbury. Pop, 899,
Risck, t. Framce, iu Gera, on the Adour, 35 m.
W. Auch. Pop. 1,200.
Rishton, t Eng. in Lancashire, 4 m. N. E. by E.
Blackburn, Pop. 1,084.
Riskworth, t. Eng. in Yoitohfre, 1^ m. from
Halifax. Pop. 1,211.
Rising Sun, p-t Cecil co. Md.
Rising Sun, p-t Dearbom co. Indiana, on the
Ohio, 15 m. below the mouth of the Misunip 18 m,
below Lawrenceburg, 18 above Vevay,^ The vil
lage is pleassmtly situated, and contains 40 or 50
bouses. Ristigouche, seigniory, Gsispe co. Lower Cana
da, at the head of Chaleur bay,
Ristigouche, r. which separates Lower Canada
and New Brunswick, and falls into Chaleur hay,
Rittberg, small principality of the Pruaaian
states, on the Ema, Area, 65 sq, mflea. Pop,
about 12,000, Rittberg, or Rietberg, Uie cfaief
to'wn, ia on the Ema, 38 m, S. S. W. Minden, 9 N.
by E. Lippeatadt Pop. 1,400.
Ritzebuttel, the chief ptace ofa baiUwick, belong
ing to the city of Hamburgh, 54 m. W. N. W,
Hamburgh, 1 S. Cuxhaven. Pop. 1,500.
Riva, t Ausfrisin Italy, on tbe Lsike of Como,
6 m. S, Chiavenna,
Riva, or Reiff, t Austrian states, in Tyrol, 17
m. S, W, Trent Pop, ^100.
Riva di Chieri, t Sardig^ states, 10 m. E. by
S. Turin. Pop. 2,300.
Rivalba, t Piedmont, 10 m. N. N. E. Turin,
Pop. 1,000.
Rivalta,'\. Austrian Italy, at the influx of the
Mincio into the lake of Mantua, 5 m. W. Mantua.
Pop. 1,600.
Rivanna, r. Va. which runs into the N. sideof
Jamea river, at Columbia. It is navigable 22
milea for boats.
Rivara, t Piedmont, 14 m. W. by N. Chivaaso,
Pop. i,2oa
Rivarolo, t Piedmont, 18 m. N. N. E. Turin.
Pop. 6,200.
Riuidorm, t Spain, in Catalonia, 11 m. W. b^
N. Tarragona. Pop. 2,400.
Rive de Gier, t France, iu Loire, 12 m. N. E,
St Etienne, 22 S. S. W. Lyona. Pop. 4,30a
Rivei de Lassemals, t France, iu Aude, 9 m. W-
N. W. Quillan. Pop. 1,000.
RiveUa, t Naples, in BasUicata, 10 m. E. by S.
Policastro. Pop. 6,400.
-Rit'er, Haute, t. Sardinian states, near Cham
berry. Pop, 5,000.
Riverhead, v, Eng. in Kent, i m. from Seven
Oaka. Riverhead, p-t. New London co. Ct .
Riverhead, p-t. and cap. Suffolk co. N. Y. on the
N. aide of Long laland, 90 m. E. New York. It
containa a court-house, 4 churchea, 3 for Congre
gationaUsta Emd 1 for Presbyterians, and 4 pani^-
ea. Pop.1,711; in 1820, 1,907. .
Rives, t France, in Isere, 8 m. N. W. Grenoble-
Pop. 1,400.

R O A
RixesaUes, t, France, in Eaatern Pyrenees, 6 m.
N.liy W. Perpignan. Pop. 1,800.
Riviere des Huron, r. Lower Canada, which
faUs into the Sorel at Fort Cfaambly.
Riviere du Loup, seigniory, St. Maurice co.
Lower Canada, on Lake St Peter, 22 ra. W. Three
Rivers. Riviere Ouelk, seigniory, Com-wsJUa co. Lower
Csmada, on the S. side of the St. Lawrence, 77 m.
N. E. Quebec.
Riviere des Prairies, r. Lower Canada, which
divides the island of Montreal from Isle Jesus;
after which it joins the St Lawrence.
Rivington, v. Eng. in Lancashfre, 6 ra. from
.JBolton. Rivoli, t. Italy, in Piedmont, 9 ra. W. Turin.
Pop. 5,100.
Rivoli, amall t Lorabardy, on the Adige, 12 m.
K. W, Verona.
Riviere du Loup, seigniory, ComwsflUs co. Low
er Canada, on the S. side ofthe St. Lawrence, 96
m. N. E. Quebec.
Rixievilk, p-v. Culpeper co. Va.
Bixlon, t Eng. in Llracashire, 5 m. E. by N.
Vf arrington. Pop. 886.
Rizeh, t A. Turkey, on the Black sesi, 45 m. E.
by N. Trebiaond.
Riszuto, Cope, promontory, Naples, onthe coast
of Calabria. Lon. 17° 25'E. Lat 38° 67' N.
Riask, t Eu. Russia, 70 m. S. S. E. Riazan.
Pop. 900.
Ra, or Rho, t, Ausfrian Italy, 7 m. N. W. Mi-
Ian. -Roa, t Spain, in Burgos, on the N, side of the
Douro, 25 m, N, Segovia, Pop, 2,500,
Roan, small ial, in the Esistern aeas, Lon, 125°
S'E, Lat 2° 19' N,
Roanne, co, Tennessee, on the Tenneaaee river,
at the junction of the CUnch and Holaton, Pop,
5,581, including 670 alavea. Chief town, Kings
ton, Roan's Creek, p-v. Carter co. Tennesaee,
Roanne, t France, on the Loire, 40 m, N, W,
Lyona, It ia an entrepot for goods aent from the
E, smd S, E, of Frsmce, to Orleana, Nantes, Paris,
&c, 30 m. N. Mont Brison, Lon, 4° 4' E, Lat.
46° 2'N. Pop. 7,000.
. Moanoke, lAttle, r. Va, which runs into the
Staunton, 15 milea above the junction ofthe Dan,
Boenofce, ial, near the coast of N, CaroUna, at
the entrance into Albemarle sound. 'The N, point
ofthe ialand is 7 m, W, of Roanoke inlet,
Roanoke Inkt, channel on the coast of N, Car
olina, which leads into Albemarle aound, Lon, 76°
W, Lat35°5ffN,
Roanoke, r, formed by the Staunton and Dan,
the former of which rises in the Allegany moun
tains in .VirginiSi, on the west aide of the Blue
Ridge, and the latter on the bordera of N, Caroli-
na'and Virginia, After their union near the south
ern boundary of Virginia, the river assuraes the
name of Roanoke, aud flowing S. E. falls into the
head of Alberaarle sound. It ia navigable to Hal
ifax, near the foot ofthe Great Falla, 75 mUea by
laud from the moulfa ofthe river, for veasela of 45
tona burden. At tfae Great Falla the river de-
sfcends lf)0 feet in a distauce of 12 milea ; but a
canal ianow in progreaa around theae falls, which
will open the navigation for batteaux as far as the
junction ofthe Dan srad the Staunton. The Dan
haa been made navigable to Danville, and the
Staunton ia navigable for sorae diatance for boats
.<»fStons, The lands on the Roanoke are ainong

ROC

629

the most productive in the United Statea. Ita
products annually for exportation may be estima
ted at $2,600,000, and when the full effect of the
improvementa in ita navigation is resiUzed, will
"'probably exceed $5,000,000. At present a great
portion ofthe produce is carried to Norfolk through
the Dismal Swamp csraal, but efforts are now mak
ing by the North CaroUnians to aecure thia trade
to sorae port within the liraits of tfaeir own state.
Roaring River, r. Tennesaee, which runs into
the Cumberland, 12 m, below the raouth of Obed's
river. Roaring Water, r, Ireland, which runs into
Roaring Water bay, 5 m, W. S, W, Skibbereen,
Roaring Water Bay, bay on the S, coaat of Ire
land, Lon, 9° 22' W, Lat 51° 2ff N,
Rootun. See Ruaton.
Rabaree, rocks near the S, coast of Ireland, 3 m,
S, E, GaUey Head. Lon, 8° 50' W, Lat 61° Sl' N,
Robben Island, or Seal Island, isl, of Africsi, near
the Cape of Good Hope, at the entrance into
False bay, 6 mfles in circumference. Lon, 18° 2ff
E. Lat33°4ffS,
Robbinston, p-t Waahington co, Maiine, on Pas
samaquoddy bay, SO m, N, E, Machiaa. Pop. 366.
Rabbstown, p-t. Weatmoreland co. Pa,
Robe, r. Ireland, which runs into Lough Corrib,
12 m, W, BalUngrobe.
Robecq, V. France, in Pas-de-Calais, 4 m. S. W.
St Vincent Pop, 2,300,
Rabel, t Gerraany, in Mecklenburg-Slrelitz, 20
m, W. StreUtz, 28 W, 8, W, New Brandenburg.
Pop, 1,800,
Robert Bay, bay in tfae island of Martinique,
It ia nearly two leagues deep, and ia formed by
two points, on the E,, La Rosa, and ou tfae W,, Los
Galeones, RaberVs Island, sraaU isl, in tfae Florida atream>
Lon, 81° 33' W, Lat 24° 42' N,
Roberts's Isks, 2 large islands in the Pacific
ocean, Lon, 219° 47' E, Lat 7° 53' S,
RaberVs Store, p-v, Halifax co, Va,
Robertson, co. West Tennessee, on tfae N, side
of Curaberland river. Pop. 7,270, including 1,608
slavea, Cfaief town, Springfield,
Roier/soTi, t AUegany CO. Pa, Pop, 899,
RobertvUk, p-v, Beaufort district, S, C,
Robeson, t Berks co. Pa, Pop- 1,807,
Robeson, co, in tfae S, part of N, Carolina, Fop.
7,528, including 1,340 slaves, Lumberton is the
chieftown, RabiUonte, t Piedraont, 8 ra, S, Coni,
Robinal, settlement, Mexico, 40 m. S, S, W.
Vera Paz, Pop, 800, ,
RobinhooISs Bay, v, Eng, in Yorkshire, 6 m, S'-'
E, Whitby,
Robin's Island, sraall ial, N, Y, at the E, end of
Long laland, belonging to Southold,
Robinson, t Waahington co. Pa,
Robinson's Island, araall ial, in the Florida
stream, Lon, 81° Sff W, Lat 24° 43' N,
Robion, r, France, in Isere, which faUs into the
Rhone, near MontmeUan,
Robkdo, t, Spain, in New Caatile, 33 m, S, by
E, Ciudad Real, 67 N, by E, Jaen, Pop, 6,400.
Rabies, r. New Granadsi, which unitea with the
Honda and entera the Cauca, in tat. 2° 34' N.
Roca, archipelsigo of amall ialanda on the coaist
of Venezuela, in New Granada, about 23. miles
from E. to W. and 10 from N. to S. Lon. 66° 45'
W. Lat 11° SffN.
Roca de Ilheos, araall isl. on the coast of Vene
zuela. Lat. 11° 51' N.

630

ROC

ROC

Roca Parlido, smsdl isl, in the Pacific ocean,
Lon, 128° W, Lat 16° 35'N,
Rocttb, s-p, Hadramaut, in Arabia, on the Indian
ocean, SO m, S. S, W, Sahar,
Rocamadour, t, France, in Lot, 22 m. N, Ca
hors, Pop, 1,100,
Rocca, t Austrian Italy, on the Lago Maggiore,
30 m,N,W, Milan, »s »=6 .
-Rocca, Cabo da, cape, Portugal, in Eatremadu
ra, the most westerly point of land in Europe, R
ia often called the rook of Liabon, Lon. 9° 29' 21''
W. Lat 38° 46' 6" N,
Racco de Nieto, t Naplea, iu Calabria Citra, 40
ra. W, bjr S, Cosenza,
Rocca Ramola, t Naplea, in the Terra di Lavo
ro, 3 m, N, by E, Nola,
Rocca S. Cttsciano, t, Tuscany, 6 m, S, S, W,
Florence. Rocca Seeco, t Naples, in Terra di Lavoro, 7
m. S. S. E. Arpino. Pop. 2,500. ^
Roccobruna, t Piedmont, 3 ra, E, N, E, Monaco,
Pop; 1,700,
Roecacontrada, t, Italy, in the Ecclesisistical
states, 24 m, E, S, E. Urbino,
Roccdla, t Naplea, in Calabria Ultra, near tfae
sea, 6 ra, N, by W, Mileto, 45 N, N, E, Reggio,
Rocchetta, t, Sardinian atates, 10 m. S. E, Cham
berry, '¦
Roch, t, Eng, in Worcestershire, 4J m. S. W,
by S, Bewdley, Pop, 835,
Roch, Cape, cape on the E, coast of Majorca,
Lon, 3" S'E, Lat 39" 40' N,
Rocha, t Buenos Ayres, 35 ra, N, E, Msddonado,
Lon, 54° 12' W, Lat 34° 22' S,
Rochdale, t Eng, in Lancsister co, on the Roche,
at the foot of the Blackstone-Edge hUls, It faaa
long been diatinguiahed for trade and manufac
turea. The chief surticlea are baizea, flannels, ker
seys, coatinga, and broad clotha, II ra, N, by E.
Manchester, 194 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2° 10'
W. Lat 53° 37' N. Pop. of the pariah, 29,085 ;
ofthe town, 10,823.
Roche, La, t. Netfaerlands, in Liege, on the
Ourthe, 33 m. S. Liege. Pop. 1,400.
Roche, t Switz. in Vaud, 40 ra. E. by N. Gene
va, 3 N. N. W. Aigle.
Roche, t Savoy, 12 m. S. by E. Geneva. Pop.
2,300. Roche. See Rocky River.
Roche PAbeilk, t, France, in Upper Vienne, 17
m. S. Limogea. Pop. 900.
Roche-Bernard, t Frjmce, in Morbihan, on the
Vilaine, 25 ra. S. E. Vannea, 45 N. W. Nantes.
Pop. 1,300.
Roche en Breme, t France, in Cote d'Or, 6 m.
N. W. Saulieu. Pop. 1,700. ,<
Rache-Chalais, t. France, in Dordogne, 34 m.
W. Perigueux. Pop. 1,000.
Roche-Chauart, t France, iu Upper Vienne,
22 ra, W, Limoges, 34 N, E, Angouleme, Pop,
1,500. Roche-Derrien, t. Franoe, in Cotes-du-Nord, 9
m. E, Lannion, Pop. 800,
Roche-Guyon, t Franoe, ou the Seine, 8 m, N,
by W, Mantes, Pop, 1,000,
Roche Mitlay, t France, in Nieinre, 12 m, S, E,
Moulins, Fop, 1,500,
Roche Pere, r, Missouri, which runa into the
Miaaouri, in Howard county,
Roche en Reignier, t, France, in Upper Loire,
11 m, N, W, Ysaeageaux, 14 N, Le Puy. Pop,-
1,500, Roche sur Oon, See Bourbon Vendee.

Rochefort, t France, in Lower Charente, on fae,
Charente, 6 miles from its influx into the Atlantic.
It contains an arsenal, cannon foundry, and ex
tensive magazines of naval stores. The harbour,
being one of the great naval stations of the king
dom, is protected by five forta. It is formed by
the Charente, is secure, and capable, from its
depth, of admitting vessela of great size. The
docka are very complete. 20 ra. S. E. La Ro
cheUe, 100 N, Bourdeaux, , Lon, 0° 67' W, Lat
46° 56' N, Pop, 15,000,
Rochefort, t France, in Puy-de-Dome, 18 m, S.
W, Clermont Pop, 1,400.
Rochefort, t. France, in Maune-smd-Lofre, ff m.
S. W. Angera. Pop. 2,400.
Rochefort en Ardennes. See Roche, Lo.
Rochefort Samson, v. France, in Drome, 12 m,
E. N. E. Valence. Pop. 1,000.
Rochefoucault, t France, in Charente, 20 m.
N, E, Angouleme, 68 S, Poitiers, Pop, 2,400,
RocheUe, La, t France, cap, of Lower Cha
rente, is on a plain al the bottom of a smaU gulfof
the AUantic, Its fortifications, the work of the
faraoua Vauban, are in gbod condition, and con
aiat of 19 Isirge bsiationa, and 8 half moona, incloaed
by a raoat and covered way. On the aide of the
aea it haa a raassy wsfll, flanked with Isu-ge antique
towera. Tfae town is well buflt, the streeta broad^
arad the houaes spacious, Ita port atretehes into
the interior of the town, like that of Marseflles,
and though not large, is secure, Tfae trade of La
Rocfaelle ia conaiderable. It exports winea, bran
dy, flour, Unen, and bay salt 78 m, S, Nantes,
and 335 S, W. Paris, Lon. 1° 9' W. Lat 46° 9'
N. Pop. 17,500.
Rochemaure, t France, in Ardeche, near the
Rhone, 6 m. N. W. MonteUmart Pop. 1,050. -.
Roche Perce, t Howard co, Missouri.
Rochester, ancient city, Eng. in Kent, on the
Med-way. On the E. it is connected by a contin-
ed range of buildings with Chatham, srad on the
W. by the bridge over the river, with tfae viUage
of Strood. Tfae cfaief pubUc buUdings are the
.castie, Uie cathedral, the churches, the town-hall,
the bridge, and Watt's chsirily-house and dormito-
riea. Tfae bridge over tfae Medway is thought su
perior to any otfaer in tfae kingdom, for height,
strength, and elegance, except tfae London bridges.
It sends two members to Parliament. 27 m. N.W.
Canterbury, 29 S, E. London, Lon, 0° 30' E, Lat
61° 2ff N, Pop, 9,070, or, including Chatham,
21,722, Rochester, v. Eng, in Northumberland, 25 m, N,
N, W, Hexham.
Rochester, t. Essex co. Up. Canada, on the S.
side of Lake St. Clair.
Rochester, p-t. Windaor co. Vt 34 m. N. W.
Windsor. Pop. 911.
Rochester, p-t. Strafford co, N, H, on Salmon
Fall river. Near the cenfre of tfais town is the
vfllage of Norway Plains, coDtsiiniug a cfaurch,
court-house, and about 40 dwelUiig-faousea. One
term of the court of coramon pleas is faeld here
annually. 18 m. N. Portsmouth.
Rochester, p-t. Plymouth co. Masa. on Buzzard's
bay, 20 m. S.W. Plymouth, 48 S. Boaton. Lon.
70°40'W. Lat 41° 42'N. Pop. 2,954.
Rochester, t Ulster co. N.Y, 14 m, S,W, Kings-
ston. Pop, 1,882,
Rochester, or Rachesterville, p-v, Genesee co.
N, Y, at the fells ofthe Genesee river, 16 m, fram
ita mouth. At this plaoe the Erie csraal strikes
the Genesee, It is a very flourishing viUage, and

ROC

ROE

631

a place of considerable trade, A weekly newa
paper ia publiahed here,
Rochelta, t Ssu-dinian atates in Montferrat, 3 m.
N, E, Cairo, 16 S, S, E, Acqui, Pop, 2,600,
Rochford, t Eng, in Eaaex, 16 m. S, E, Chelms
ford, 39 E, London, Pop, 1,214,
Rochlits, t. Saxony, on the Mulda, 28 m, S, S, E,
Leipaic, Pop, 2,100,
Rock, t Harriaon co, Ohio, 16 m, N, Cadiz,
Rockcastle, co, Kentucky,
Rock Fish, r. Va, which runs into James river
on the N,
-Roc* Hall, p-v, Kent co- Md,
Rack HiU, t Bucks co. Pa, Pop, 1,508.
Rock Landing, v. Halifax co. N. C. at the head
ofthe great faUa ofthe Roanoke, 12 m. above Hal
ifax. Rock River, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wa
bash ou the N. aide, 160 m. above Vincennes.
Rock Ricer, IlUnoia. See Rocky River.
Rack Spring, p-v. Nelaon co. Va.
Rockaioay, p-t Morria co, N, J, on Rockaway
river, a branch of the Passaic, 7 m, N, by W, Mor
ristown. Rockbridge, co. in the central part of Va, Pop,
10,318, including 1,724 slaves, Chieftown, Lex
ington, In tfais county is tfae famous natural bridge
over Cedar creek. See Cedar Creek.
Rockcastle, co. Kentucky. Pop. 1,731, includ
ing 163 slaves.
Rockdale, t Crawford co. Pa. Pop. 401.
Rockenhmsen, t Bavarian province ¦ of the
Rhine, 13 m. N. by E. Kaiserslautern. Pop.
1,100. Rockford, p-v. Surry co. N. C.
Rockhall, p-v. Kent co. Md.
Rockingham, t. Eng. in Northampton co. on the
Welland, 84 m. N. by W. London. Pop. 230. 1
Rockingham, p-t Windham co. Vt. on Connec
ticut river, 20 m. below Windsor. Pop. 1,954. '
Rockingham, co. N. H. bounded N. by Straifford
CO. E. by Maine and the Atlantic, S. by Msiaaa-
chusetts, and W. by Hillaborough co, Pop.50,175.
Chief towns, Portaraouth and Concord.
Rockingham, co. in the central part of Va. Pop.
12,753, including 1,491 alavea.
Rockingham, co. on the N. side of N. C. It is
watered by tfae Dan. Pop, 10,316, including
2,114 slaves. At the court-faouae ia a poat-Office.
Rockingham, t. and cap, Richmond co, N. C, 6
m. E. of Pedee river, 74 from HiUsborough,
Rockland, co. N, Y. bounded N, W, by Orange
CO, E, by the Hudaon, and S, W. by N, Jeraey,
Pop. 7,758, Chieftown, Clarkstown,
Rockknd, t SulUvan co. N. Y. Pop. 309.
Rockland, t Berks co. Pa. Pop. 1,026.
Rockville, p-v. Montgoraery co. Mi
Rockville, p-v. Frederick co. Va.
Rocky Hill, p-v. in Wetherafield, Ct.
Rocky Hill Mills, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Rocky Mount, p-t. smd cap. Franklin co. Va. 25
m. N. Martinsburg.
Rocky Mount, p-v. Nash co. N. G.
-Rocli^ Mount, p-v. Cheater district, S. C.
Roda/ Mountains, a narae given to that part of
the great American range which Ues in the U.
States, and British Araerica. They are a contin
uation of the CordiUeras of Mexico, and terrai
nate on the Frozen ocean, in about lat 70° N. di
viding tfae waters which fall into the Atlantic,
from tfaose which flow into tfae Pacific ocean.
Rocky Ridge, p-v. Christian eo. Ken,

Rocky River, r, N, C, which runs into the Yad
kin, Rocky River, r, Ohio, which runs into lake
Erie, 10 m, W. Cleveland,
Rocky River, r, Indiana, which faUs into the
Wabash from the E. 78 m, above Vincennes, Its
branches interlock witfa those of the raain fork of
White river. It ia 100 yarda -wide at its mouth,
and has several large forks.
Rocky River, r, Michigan Territory, which runs
into lake Michigan,
Rocky, or -Rocfc River, or Roche, r. which riaes
in the Nortfa-weat Territory, runs through tfae N,
W, part of Illinoia, and flows into the Missiaaippi,
160 m. above the lUinoia, 400 above St. Louis, af
ter a course of 200 miles. It is 300 yards wide at
ita raouth.
Rocky Springs, p-v. Rockingham co, N. C,
Rocoux, V. Netherlands, in Liege, 2 m, N, W.
Liege, Rocquigny, t, France, in Ardennea, 14 m, N,
N, W, Rethel, Pop, 1,200,
Rocroy, t France, in Ardennea, 14 m, N, W.
Mezierea, 44 S, E, Mona. Pop, 2,900,
-Rorfa, t Spain, in Catalonia, 6 ra, N, N, E.
Vique, Pop, 2,400,
Roda, La, t, Spain, in La Mancha, 20 m, S.
Alarcon, 22 S, E, San Cleraent, Pop, 2,400,
Roddch, t, Germany, in Saxe-Coburg, 6 m, W.
N, W, Coburg, Pop, 1,300,
Rodbaraugh, t, England, iu Glouceater, 1 m,
W. by S, Stroud, Pop. 1,628.
Rodbye, commonly called Roebye, s-p. Den
mark, in the island of Laland, on an arm of the
Baltic, 12 m. S. E. Naskov, Pop, 800,
Rodden, r. England, in Salop, which falls into
the Teme, near Roddington,
Roddheim, t Germ'any, in Hesse-Darmstadt, 3
m. W, Frankfort on the Maine, Pop, 900.
RodeUee, t Bavarian states, 2 m, from Kitzin
gen, '
Rodemachem, or Rodemack, t. France, in Mo
selle, 9 m. N, N, E, Thionville, 25 N, Metz, Pop.
3,000. \ Rodenberg, t Gerraany, 17 ra. W, by S, Hano
ver, Pop, 860,
\Roder, r. Saxony, which falls into the Sch-wsurtz
Eeter, 2 m, below Elsterwerda,
Rades. See Rhodez.
Radi, t. Naples, in the Capitanata, 20 m, N. W.
Manfredonia, Pop, 3,000.
Rodman, t. Jefferaon co, (N, Y,) S. of Waters
towni Pop. 1,277.
Rodney Point, point on the N. W, coaat of Ame
rica, Ibrraidl the N, point of Norton sound, Lou.
166° S'W. Lat64°3ffN.
Roddni, cape on the coast , of Albania, in the
Adriatic. Lon. 19° Iff E. Lat.'«4I° 65' N.
Rodosto, or Rodasdschig, t. Eu. Tui-key, in Ro
mania, near the aea of Marmora, 55 m. N. E. Gal-
UpoU, 68 W. Conatantinople. Lon. 27" 2ff Iff' E.
Lat 40° 5ff 34" N. Pop. 16,000.
Rodastop'os, haralet, Eu. Turkey, in Albania, IB
m. N. Joannina.
Rodrigues Key, isl. on the coast of Florida, one
of the Tortu^as. Lon. 81° 17' W. Lat 25° N.
Roe, r. Ireland, in Donegal, which runs into
Lough Foyle, 2 m. N- W, Limavaddy,
Roebuck Island, sraaU isl, N, Y, at the E, ex
freraity of lake Ontario,
-Roer, or Ruhr, 2 rivers of the Prussisra statea :
tfae one flowing tln-ougfa Lower Rhine, and Cleves-
and-Berg, pEisses t>y Duren aud Juliers, aud faUs

632

ROM

ROM

into the Maese ; the other joiUa the Rhine be
tween Ruhrort and Duiaburg,
Raeulx, t. Netherlands, in Hainault, 8 m, E, N,
E, Mons, Pop, 2,600,
Rofrorm, t Naples, in the Principato Citra, 12
m. N. N, W, Policaatro, Pop, 2,000,
Rogasen, t, Prussian Poland, 24 m, N. by E,
Posen, Pop. 3,500,
Rogatkhev, t Eu, Russia, on the Dnieper, 54 m.
S. S. W. Mohilev.
. Rogaz, V, Pi;ussian Saxony, 14 m, N. by E. Mag-
dfeburg. Pop. 800.
RogersmiUs, p-v. Saratoga co. N. Y.
Ragerstown, t. Missouri, 40 m. S. W. St. Louis.
Rogersvilk, p-t. Pendleton disfrict, S. C.
Rogersville, p-t. and cap. Hawkins co. Tennes
see, on the Holston. It is pleasantly situated in
Carter's valley, aud containa a court-houae, a
bank, an academy, and a printing-office. In 1816,
a aalt lick was diacovered about 9 milea N. W. of
tfais place, from which it is expected the aurroun
ding country may be supplied with aalt. 65 m.
E. N.E. KnoxviUe.
Roggenburg, t Bavaria, 14 m. S. E. Ulm. Fop.
1,800, Roggevdd, Upper, Middk, and Little, three dis
tricts in the N, part of the territory of the Cape
of Good Hope,
Rogliano, t, Naples, in Calabria Citra, 7 m, S,
by E, Cosenza, Pop, 3,400.
Ragnes, t France, in Moutha-of-the-Rhone, 12
m. N. W. Aix. Pop. 2,000.
Rohan, t. France, in Morbihan, SOm. N. Van
nes. Pop. 1,500.
Rohanpore, t, Bengal, in Mouldah, on tfae E.
bank of tfae Mahanuddy river. Lon. 88° 26' E.
Lat 24° 48' N.
Rohan-Rohan, t. Frsrace, in Two-Sevres, 6 m.
S. S. W. Niort. Pop. 1,900.
Rohilcund, properly Kuttaher, valuable diatrict.
Hind, formerly belonging to tfae province of Delfai,
But now included in tfae diatrict of Bareily. It ia
situated between the Ganges and Gogra, and be
tween 28° and 30° N. lat It was ceded to the
British in 1801.
Rohiiseh, t. Austrian statea, in 21 m, E, Cilley.
Rohnstock, V. Auatrian states, 2 m, from Jauer.'
Rohr, t Bavaria, 16 m, S, Ratisbon, 7 E, S, B,
Abensberg, -
Rohra, v, Frussian Saxony, 2 m, E, Meinungen,
Pop, 1,000.
Rohrheim, or Great Rahrhcim, v. Germany, 13
m. S. S. W. Darmstadt Pop. 1,100.
Rohrsdorf Bober, v. Prussian atatea, on the Bo
ber, 57 m. W. by S. Brealau. Pop. 1,600.
Rohrsdorf, Gross, v. Saxony, 11 ra. N.E. Dres
den. Pop. a,ooo.
Roibani t. France, in Isere, 22 m. W. N. W.
Grenoble. Pop. 2,300.
Roiselle, t. France, in Somme, 6 m. E. Peronne.
I^op. 1,200.
.Ro/{i/«an, or Rokycsony, t Bohemia, 8 m. E.
Pilaen, 42 W. S. W, Prague, Pop. 2,300,
Holland, isl, iu tfae Indian sea, about 9 milea in
circumference. Lon, 68° 43' E, Lat, 48" 37' N,
Rolle, t, Switzerland, in Vaud, 18 m, N, N, E,
Geneva, Pop, 2,400,
Rolpah, t. Hind, in Nepaul, Lon, 82° 6' E,
Lat 29° 22' N,
Rom, amall ial, Denmark, on the W, coaat of
Sleswick, 8 mflea long and 2 broad< Pop. 1,500,
Lon, 8° 31' E. Lat. 55° 9' N,

Rom hlands, 2 amaU islands, N, Y, at the E,
end of Long Island, in Fisher's ialand aound, be
longing to Southhold,
Roma, Carnpagna di. See Campagna, "
Roma, isl. in the Eaatem seas. Loh. 127° 20'E.
Lat 7° 35'N.
Romagna, province, Italy, in the States of the
Church, on the Adriatic, and bounded N. by the
Ferrarese. The capital is Ravennsu
Romagnano, t Sardinian states, 20 m. N. Ver
celli. Romainvilk, v, France, 6 m. E. Psuia. Pop.
1,000. Roman, t. En. Turkey, in Moldavia, at the junc
tion of the Moldava and Sereth, 45 m. W. S. W<-
Jasay, 145 W. Bender.
Roman, Cape, cape on the coast of S. C. 31
leagues E. N. E. Charleatou lighthouse. Lon. 79°
30' W. Lat. 33° 5'N.
Roman, Cane, cape on the cosist of Florida, 20i
leagues N. W. by N. Cape Sable.
-Romania, Rumelia, or Rum-Ili, province, Eu.
Turkey, bounded N. by Servia and Bulgsu-ia; E.
by the Black aea ; S. by the sea of Marmora, the
Archipelago, and the Mediterranean; and 'VV. by
Albanisi. The whole of this fine country,' com
prising Thrace, Macedon, sind ancient Greece, is
in a very backward state of civflization.
Romano, t Auatrian Italy, 26 m. E. Milsra. Pop.
3,200. Romano, t Piedmont,[5 m. S. Ivrea. Pop. ifiOO.
Rotmnov, t, Eu, Russia, in Jsiroslav, on the
Volga,"^4 m, N. W. Jaroslav. Pop. 2,100.
Romanov, or Ramcmovko, t, Russia, in Minsk,
^ m. W. by N. Sluck, 65 S. S. W. Minak.
Romanov, t. Eu. Ruaaia, in Jsiroslav, on the Vol-
ffa, 16 ra. W. N. W. Jarostav. Lon. 39° 40' E. Lat
57° 4ff N. Fop. 4,200.
Romans, t France, in Drorae, on the laere, II
m. N. E. Valence, 28 W. S. W, Grenoble. Pop.
6,500. Romblon, or Romblino, one of the smaUer Phi
lippine islanda, . 30 miles in circumference. Lon-
121° 6ff E. Lat 12° 4ff N.
Rome, a Isu-ge and faraous city of Italy, for
merly the seat of the Roman empire, and the
capital of tfae world, ia buflt chiefly on tfae left or
eastem bank of the Tiber, 15 ra. from its mouth,
100 N, W, Naples, The space inclosed by walls,
approaches to the form of a square, and is about
13 mfles in circuit, but a conaiderable portion of it
is covered -with yiueysirds, corn fields, or viUas,
the close population occupying UtUe more than a
third of tfae space included within the walla, —
Tfae atreeta of Rome have aeldom Emy foot pave
ment : a number of them are long srad atraight,
and not unfrequenUy terminated by an obelisk, a
fountain, and a church, but they are generally
narrower than those of London, The housea are
parUy of stone, partly of brick, and frequentiy
covered witfa stucco. The squsires are small, hut
numerous, and in general adorned with obelisks,
fountains, or other monuments. — The wall that
surrounded Rome in the time of the emperors, is
in many placea in good preservation. Among the
ancient edificea is the Pantheon or Rotunda, a
structure distinguiahed equally for solidity and
elegauce. Its beauty consists in its proportions.
A still more imposing object is tfae amphitheatre
of Vespasian, a sfructure of an oval form, 581 feet
long, 481 broad, and 1,616 in circumference, be
ing tfae largest amphitheafre ever known. It has
been much dilapidated, but there remains enough

ROM
of the great circular wall to forra a most atriking
and sublirae object. Of the triuraphal archea of
ancient Rome, the only one remaining entire ia
tfae arch of Conatantine, with ils pillars, statues,
and bsia reliefs, all ofthe finest marble, Trajan's
pillar still atands on the apot wfaere it was erected
by that emperor, and is still covered with admi
rable baa reliefs, representing his expedition
against the Daciana, The pillar ia of marble ; ita
diameter at the base is II feet, at the lop lO; its
total height 133, — Of the ancient Roman roads,
several, such as the Via Latina, tfae Via Vitellia,
the ViaAurelia, still serve to approach the Capi
tol, — Of the ancient aqueducts, there remain only
three; yet their supply of water ia exfremely co-
pioaa, Tfae aewera sire now rauch obstructed by
atonea and earth, Aa lo public baths, those great
objects of Roraan luxury, there remain of tfaose
of Caracalla little but the walls ; but the baths of
Titus are in better preservation, — Of tfae various
Uieatres and circuses of ancient Rome, hardly a
vestige remains.
No city in Europe is superior to modern Rorae
in the nuraber and raagnificence of ils cfaurcfaes,
rfae principal is tfaat of Sl, Peter's, in which the
irts of architecture, sculpture, and painting, are
aU displayed in the highest perfection. It was
coraraenced in 1506, and no leaa than 18 successive
Popes were employed in ils construction. The
moat celebrated architects of modern times, Bra-
raanle, Raphael, Michael .\ngelo, Vigaola, Ma-
derno, and Bernini, have displayed their talents
on this vast undertaking, the total expense of
which must faave amounted to al least 12,000,000/.
sterUng, Entering a circular court formed by a
vast colonnade, tfae spectator is struclc by the ma
jestic front of the building, extending 400 feet in
lengUi, and rising to the heigfat of 1 80. The eye
is at the same tirae gratified with the raajestic
dome, riaing from the central part of the roof of
the church, to a height whicfa, reckoning from tfae
ground, ia 424 feet Tfae interior of the church
corresponda perfectiy with ils outward grandeur.
Five lofty portals open into the portico, a gallery
extending across the width of the edifice, and re
sembUng in size a cathedral, Thia magnificent
entrance ia paved with marble, covered by a gild
ed vault, and cloaed at either end by statues. Op
posite to tfae five portals are five doors, eacli lead
ing into tfae cfaurch. On entering any of these,
the spectator beholds the raost spacious hall ever
constructed by human art, expanding in magnifi
cent perspective, ita length being above 600 Eng
lish feet.
There are three palaces belonging lo the Pope,
viz, tfae Lateran, the Quirini, and the Vatican,
The Vatican was erected by different archilecla
at different eras, and forms not one, but an assem
blage of edifices. Its extent is iramense, and the
nuraber of ils rooms, great and sraall, is estiraated
at 10,000, The palaces belonging to private fam
iliea are nuraerous, and remarkable for their aize
and internal decorations,
Rome is the seat of aeveral aerainariea ; a uni
versity, a Greek, a German, and a Jesuit college.
The Propaganda, or college for the diffusion of the
Christian faith, is on an extensive scale, conlsdn
ing a number of youths of different nations, and a
press for printing booka in more than thirty lan
guages ; but the fame of modern Rome lies not in
literature, bul iri the fine arts. It has long been a
reaort for painters, sculptors, and architecta, from
vsiriou^countriea; The nrivate collections of pic-
80

ROM

&33

tures, statues, and antiquities, are numerous and
extensive, — Of the Ubrariea, by far the largest is
that of tfae Vatican : an immense collection, but
deficient in late publications. — Pop, in 1817,
131,000, of whom 9,000 were Jewa, The num
ber of Catholic inhabitanta connected with the
church, as priests, monks, or nuns, ia computed at
7,000 or 8,000,
-Rome t Kennebeck co, Maine, 22 ra, N, Augus
ta, Pop, 585,
-Rome, p-t, Oneida CO, N, Y, on the Mohawk, 15
m, N, W, Utica, 108 W, N, W, Albany, Pop,
2,000, The courta of tfae county are held alter
nately here and at Whiteaboro', Rome atanda oa
I the aite of tfae celebrated Fort Stanwix, It is at
the head of boat navigation on the river, which is
here connected with Wood creek by a canal Ii
miles in length, navigable for boata of 15 tons.
The village conlsiins about 200 houses and atorea,
a brick courthouse and jail, a Preabyterism raeet
ing-house, a brick arsenal belonging to the State,
and au elegant stone arsenal belonging to tfae U.
Slates, Tfae Erie canal runs about 80 rods west
of the viUagc. Rom^ is situated at the meeting
of a number of important roads, and is a place of
considerable business,
Rome, t. Athens co. Ohio.
Romelsae, smaU ialands in the gulf of Bothnia.
Lon. 21° E. Lat, 64° 55' N.
Romen, or Romni, t. Eu. Rusaia, in PoltavEi, 100
m. N. N. W. Poltava, 112 E. S. E, Czernigov,
Romerstadt, t Auslrisih states, in Moravia, 27
m. N, Olrautz, Pop, 1,000,
Romescamps, t. France, in Oise, 6 m, N, W.
Grandvilliers, Pop. 1,100.
Rometta, t Sicfly, in the Val di Demona, 5 nii,
N, W, Messina,
Romford, t. Eng, in Essex, 17 ra, S,W, Chelms
ford, 12 E, N, E. London, Pop, 3,244^
Ramhild, t. Gerraany, in Saxe-Meinungen, 17
m. S, S, E, Meinungen, Pop, 1,600.
Romiley, or Ramkigh, t. Eng, in Cheshire, near
Altrincham, Pop, 1,016,
Romilly, t. France, in Aube, 12 ra, E, Nogent
aiir Seine, 23 N, E. Troyes, Pop, 2,000,
Romilly sur Anddle,' t. France, in Eure, near
Pont de I'Arche, Pop, 1,300, '
Romishom, or Romansham, t' Switzerland, in
Thurgau, on the lake of Conatance, 1 1 ra, E, S. E,
Conatance. Romkala, the ruins of a large castle on the Eu
phrates, 60 in. N. E. Aleppo.
Romney, New, t. Eng. in Kent, one of the
Cinque Ports, on a rising ground in the centre Of
Romney Marsh. Romney Marsh is au extensive
level of the richest pasture land in England. 71
m. S. E. London. Lon. 0° 6ff E. Lat 50° 5ff N.
Pop, 850,
Romney, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, on lake Erie.
Romney, t and cap. Harapshire co. Va. on the
W. side of the S. W. branch of the Potomac, 50
ra. N. Wincfaesler, 190 N. W. Richmond. It con
tains a courthoiise and jail, and about 70 dwel
ling-houaea. Romorantin, t France, in Loir-and-Cher, 25
m. S. E. Blois. Pop, 6,000,
Ramrod, t. Gerraany, in Hease-Darmatadt, 22
m,N,W, Fulda, Pop, 900,
Romsdal, diatrict, Norway, in Drontheim,
Cfaief town, Christiansund.
Ramsey, or Rumsey, t, Eng, in Hants, on the
Test, 8 ra, N, N, W, Southarapton, 74 W, by S.
London. Lon-l°31'W, Lat ,50°5ffN, Pop, 5,217.

634

ROO

Ramsoe, smaU ial, Denmark, in the Great Belt,
Lon, 10° 48' E, Lat 55° Sff N,
Romulus, p-t Seneca co, N, Y, on the W, side of
Cayuga lake, 10 m, N, Ovid, 200 W, Albany,
Pop. 2,766,
-Romsee, t Netherlanda, 6 m, from Liege, Pop,
1,000, Rona, small ial, in the Nortfaern ocean, 16
leaguea N, W, the Butt of Lewia, Lon, 6° W,
Lat, 58° 32' N,
Ronaldshay, North, amall ial, of the Orkneya, 2
mfles long, 2 leagues N, of the isle of Sanday,
Ronaldshay, South, the most southern of the
Orkney islands, six railes long. Pop, 1,600,
Rancador, small isl. in the Carribean sea, 35
m. E. N, E, Old Providence, Lon, 80° 4' W, Lat,
13° 32' S,
Roncaglid, v. Italy, in Parma, on the Po, 8 ra,
E, Piacenza,
Roncesvalles, t, Spain, in Navarre, 14 m, N, N.
E. Pampeluna.
Ronciglione, t. Italy, inthe States of the Church,
12 m, S, Viterbo, 30 N, N, W, Rome,
Roncq, t, France, in Nortfa, 8 ra, N, Lisle, Pop,
2,900, Rondo, t Spain, in Granadsi, on the Guadiaro,
romantically aituated ou tfae top of a mountain,
Tfae chief manufacturea are leather and ailk atuffs.
The environs are well cultivated and fertile. Pop,
of the town and suburbs, 20,000, 38 ra, W, by N,
Malaga, 48 S, E, Sevflle.
Ronde, Rhonde Island, or Redondo, oue of the
Grenadines, dependanton the island of Grenada,
in tfae W, Indiea. Lon, 61° 39' W, Lat 12° 19' N,
Randehaye, La, v. France, in La Msmche, 6 ra,
N, Coutancea, Pop, 1,000,
Randisane, t. Piedraont, 20 m, N, N, E, Turin,
Pop. 2,500,
Rirme, or Ronde, t. Denmark, in Uie ialand of
Bornholm, 93 m, E, S. E, Cooenhagen, Pop,
8,200, Ronneburg, t. Gerraany, in Altenburg, belong
ing to Saxe-Gotha, 12 m, S, W. Altenburg, 60 W,
Dresden, Lon, 12° 5' E, Lat, 50° 4ff N, Ppp.
2,600, Ronnen, small ial, Denmark, near the N. W,
ooaat of Laaland. Lou. 11" 15' E. Lat. 56° 6' N.
Ronnow, t Bohemia, 7 m. S. E. Czaslau. Pop.
900. Romberg, t Bohemia, 24 m. W. N. W. Klattau.
Pop. 1,300.
Ronsdorf, t. Prussian province of Cleves-and-
Berg, 14 m. S. S. E. Duaseldorf. Pop. 3,400.
Rooderpore, t. Hind, in Delhi. Lon. 79° 29' E.
Lat. 49° r N.
Roody Sand, or Waveren, a district in the terri
tory of the Cape of Good Hope, situated behind
the mountaina of Drakenatein. Il abounds in
grain, pulse, fruits, and wine. 70 m, E, of Cape
Town, Roog, See Baltic Port,
Roonay, t Bengal, in Birbhoom, Lon. 87° E.
Lat 24° 26'N,
Roopnagur, t Hindostan, in Ajmeer, Lon, 75°
62'E. Lat 26° 39' N.
Roapoor, t. Hind, in Delhi, on the S. E. bank of
the river Sultelege. Lon. 75° 5ff E. L'at 31°
7'N. Roosebecke, t Netherlands, in Weat Flandera, 8
m. N. Courtrai, 20 S. W. Ghent Pop. 4,000.
Roose'vilk, p-v. Delaware co. N. Y.
Roots, t. Portage co, Ofaio, 4 m. S. Raveunsi.
Pop, in 1815, 400.

ROS
Roozendael, t Netherlanda, in North Brabant,
7 m. E. N. E. Bergen-op-Zoom. Pop. 4,600.
Roque, point on the coast of Brsizil. Lon. 35"
46' W. Lat5"ffS.
Roque d'Antheran, t France, in Mouths-of-the-
Rhone, 15 m. N. W. Aix. Pop. 1,300.
Roq'uebrou, t. France, in Cantal, 14 m, W, Au
rfllac, 22 S, W, Mauriac, Pop, 1,300,
Roquebrune, t. France, in Var, 12 m, 3, by E.
Draguignsm, Pop, 1,700,
Roquebrussanne, t France, in Var, 16 m. N.
Toulon. Pop. 1,500.
Roquecort, t France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 20
ra. N.E. Agen. Pop. 1,500.
Roquecourbe, t. Frsmce, in Tsim, 6 m. N. N. E.
Castres. Pop. 1,500.
Raqmfeuil, t Frsince, in Aube, 22 m. S, W, Li
moux, Pop. 900.
Roquefort, t France, in Landes, 14 m. N. E.
Mont de Marsan. Pop. 1,400.
Roqudaure, t Frsmce, in Gers, 6 m. N. Auch.
Pop. 1,800.
Roquemaure, t Frsmce, in Gard, 9 m. N. Airig-
non. Pop. 3,200.
Roquepic, isl. in the Eastem seas. Lon. 65° 14'
E. Lat9"5ff N.
Roquetaillade, fief, Buckingham co. Lower
Canadsi, on tfae S. side of the St Lawrence, 5 m.
S. W. Three-Rivers.
Roque Timbo'ut, t. Framce, iu Lower Garonne,
8 ra. N. E. Agen. Pop. 1,200.
Roquevaire, t. France, in Mouths-of-therRhone,
14 m. N. E. MaraeiUes, 15 S. by E. Aix. Pop.
3,100. Roraas, t. Norway, in Drontheim, 67 m. S. S. E,
Drontheim. Pop. 3,000.
Rorgen, t. Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, near Aix-la-Chapelle. Vap. 3,000.
Rorschach, or Rosehach, t Swita. on the lake of
Constance, 6 m. N.E. St Gall, Pop, 2,800,
Rosa, Mount, mountain, Switzerlsrad, nextto
Mont Blanc, the highest in Europe, It is between
tfae canton of tfae Valais and Piedmont, to the
east of Mont Cervin, Heigfat, according to Saus
sure, 15,600 feet above tfae level of tfae aea ; ac
cording losir George Shuckburgfa, 15,240 feet
Rosalgote, the E, point of Arabia. Lon, 60° 10^
E, Lat 22° SO'N,
iiosani, cape, Eu. Turkey, on tfae cosist of Ro
raania, Lon, 24° 14' E. Lat 40° 35' N.
Rosana, orRoseienie, t Ruaaia, in Grodno, 56 m.
S. by W. Novogrodek.
Rosaria, El, t. Mexico, in Sonora, 400 m. N, 'Vf.
Mexico. Lon, 106° 9' W. Lat 2S°28'N, Pop, 5,600.
Rosaria, t. Buenos Ayres, 75 m, S, Santa Fe,
Lon, 60° 51' W. Lat 32°5ff S,
Rosaria, r. New Grenadsi, in Carthagena,
which communicates with the Msigdalena, and
with tfae CaucEu
Rosamo, t Naples, in Calabria Ulfra, 5 m, S.
S. E. Nicotera, SO N. by E. Reggio, Pop, 2,500,
Rosas, (an, Rliodia,) t, Spsun, on the coast of
Catalonia, 22 ra. N, E. Cerona, Lon. 3° Iff 13"
E, Lat, 42° 16' 6" N, Pop, 2,600,
Rosate, t Ausfrian Italy, 10 ra, S, S. W, Mi
lan, Rosbacli, t Prusaian Saxony, 10 m. W, Lutzen,
9 S, S,W, Merseburg, It is remarkable for the
victory obtained by the Fruaaians, under Freder
ick II, over the French, in JVovember 1757, PoP'
500, Rosbacli, Upper, t Germany, in Hease-Dann

ROS

ROS

635

siadt, 10 m, N, Frankfort on the Maine, Pop,
1,000, Rosbegh, Point, capeonthe W, coast of Ireland,
Lon, 9" 52' W. Lat 62" 6' N,
Roschestvensk, t Eu, Russia, 32 m, S. by W, St,
Petersburg, Roschild, t Denmark, in the island of Zealand,
15 m. W. Copenhagen.
Roscaf, t France, iu Finisterre, on thewoast, 3
m. N. St, Pol de Leon, Pop, 2,500,
Roscommon, county, Ireland, bounded S,by Gal-
'way, W, by Mayo, N, by Sligo, N, E, by Leitrim,
E. by Longford aud Westmeath- It is a flat open
counfry, in some places sprinkled witfa rocks and
extensive bogs. Area, 641 square miles. Pop.
86,000. Roscommon, t Ireland, iu tfae above county, 36
m. N. E. Galway, 68 N. N. W. Dublin. Lon. 8°
S'W. Lat 53° 35'N.
Roscommon, p-v. Steuben co. N. Y.
Rose, t Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 335.
Hose's Island, smaU isl. of Florida, at the en
trance into Pensacola bay.
Rose Island, isl. near the N. W. coast of Ameri
ca. Lon. 146° 50/ W. Lat 58° 35' N,
Roseau, or Charlotte Town, the capital of Dom
inica, in the W, Indies, is on a point of land on
the S, W. side of the islsmd, between two bays,
Lon. 61" 27' W, Lat 15" 25' N,
Roscburg, p-t, Arrastrong co. Pa,
Rosemorket, v. Wales, in Pembroke, 4 m, from
Haverford Weat,
Rase Mills, p-v, Amherat co. Va,
Rosenau, or Rosnau, t Hungary, 9 m, N. E,
Goraer, 24 N, Caschau, It is the see of a bishop.
Pop. 3,200.
Rosenau, t Transylvania, 7 m. S. W. Cronstadt.
Rosenberg, t. Hungary, on the Waag, 23 ra. N.
by E. Neuaohl. Pop. 2,100.
Rosenberg, t Weal Prusaia, II m. E. Marien
werder. Pop. 1,100-
Rosenberg, t Bohemia, on the Moldau, 22 m.S.
Budweia. Pop. 1,200.
-Rosen5erg, t Baden, 37 m. E.byN. Heidelberg.
Pop. 800.
Rosenberg, t Pruasism Statea, 24 m. E. N. E.
Oppeln. Pop. 1,400.
Rosenburg, Great, v. Pruasian Saxony, on the
Saale, 16 m. S. S. E. Magdeburg. Pop. 1,000.
Rosendorf, v. Bohemia, 28 ra. E. S. E. Dresden.
Pop. 1,000.
Raseness, cape on the S. coast of the ialand of
Pomona. Lon. 2° 42' W. Lat 58" 45' N.
Rosenfdd, t Wirteraberg, 38 m. S. S. W. Stut
gard. Pop. 1,000.
Rosengyn, one of the Bsmda ialea, 7 ra. S. E.
Lantore. Rosenheim, t Bavaria, on the Inn, 38 m. W.
Salzburg. Pop. 1,700.
Rosenthal, t Bohemia, 20 m. S. Budweis. Pop.
1,200. Rosenthal, t Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, 12 m,
N, Marburg, Pop, 1,100,
Rosenthal, or Rosmital, t. Bofaeraia, 40 ra, S, S,
W, Prague. Pop. 1,100.
Roses, Islands of, 2 sraall islands near the E.
ooast of Africa. Lat 17° S.
Bj>sdo, t Naples, in Principato Ultra, 13 m.
W. S. W. Lucera. Pop. 2,800.
Roselltt, a city-of Egypt, aituated near the mouth
of that branch of tfae Nile called by the ancients
the jBolbitine, but now the canal of Roaetta. The
foreign trade of Egypt fs carried on chiefly Trom

the port of Alexandria ; but Rosetta forma the me
dium of comraunicatiou between that city and
Cairo. Rosetta is better built than Alexandria :
the housea are not, as in moat parts of E^pt,
composed of mud, but of brick. Compared with
other eastern cities, it haa a neat and pleaaing ap-'
pearance, and ia distinguiahed by tfae beauty of its
environa. The merchants reaiding at Roaetta are
chiefly Turka, and natives of Syria, A conaidera
ble proportion of the poputalion consists of Copts,
Lon, 30° 28' E, Lat 31° 24' N.
RoseviUe, p-v. Delaware co, N, Y.
Rosheim, t. France, in Lower Rfaine, 14 ra, W.
by S- Sfrasburg, Pop, 3,400,
Rosienie, t. Eu, Ruasia, in Wilna, 76 m, S, Mit
tau, 100 N, E, Konigsberg, Lon, 41° 67' E, Lat
55° SffN,
Rosieres, t France, iu Somme, 17 m, E. by S-
Amiens. Pop. 2,800.
Rosieres aux Salins, t. France, in Meurthe, on
the river Meurthe, 6 m. W. Luneville, 12 S. Eb
Nancy. Pop. 2,200.
Rosiers, t. France, in Maine-and-Loire, 9 m. N.
W. Saumur, 18 S. E. Angers. Pop. 3,800.
Rosiers, Cape, the S. cape at the raouth of the
river St Lawrence, in llie district of Gsispe,
Lower Canada. Lon. 63° 4ff W. Lat 48° 6ff N.
Rosignana, t Sardinian States, 6 m. S. Caaale-
Pop- 2,000.
Rosito, cape, Italy, on tfae E. coast of Calabria,
Lon, 16° 40' E. Lat 40° ffN.
Roslo, t Prussian Saxony, 36 m. W. Halle, 10
S. S. E. Stolberg. Pop. 1,400.
Roslavl, t. Eu. Russia, in Smolensko, 60 m. S.
S.E.Smolensk. Pop. 4,000.
Roslin, V, Scotland, in Mid-Lothian, reraarkable
for au ancient chapel and caatie. Roalin caatle is
on a rock in a deep glen, and ia accessible only by
a bridge of great faeigfat 7 m. S. W. Edinburgfa.
Rosmalen, v. Netfaerlsmds, in North Brabant, 3
m. N. E. Bois le Duo. Pop. 1,100.
Rosman's, p-v. Belraont co. Ohio.
Rosmarinhal, t. Portugal, 8 ra. W. Alcantara,
in Spain, 51 E. Abrantes,
Rosmorino, t. Sicily, in tfae Val di Demona, 11
m, N, E, Mistretta,
Rasny, v, France, near the Seine, 3 ra, W.
Mantes, II is tfae birtfaplaceof the duke of Sully,
rainister to Henry IV,
-Rosoy, t France, in Seine-and-Mame, 17 m, N,
E, Melun, Pop, 1,500,
Rosoy, t France, in Aisne, 25 m. N, E, Laon,
Pop, 1,400,
Ross, county, Scotland, bounded N, by Suther
land, E, by Ok-oraarty and Moray frith, S, by In-
Temeaa-sfaire, and W, by the ocean. Area, 2,070
aquare milea. Fop, 60,853.
-Ross, t Eng. in Hereford co. on the Wye. The
Man of Roas, celebrated by Pope, was JohnKyrle,
who resided faere, and spent his incorae in acts qf
benevolence. 12 m. S. E. Hereford, 115 W. by
N.London, Lon, 2° 35' W, Lat 51° 54' N, Pop.
2,261, Ross, s-p, Ireland, in Cork co. on a bay to which
it gives narae, 25 ra, S, W, Cork,
-Ross, t, AUeghany co. Pa, Pop. 1,327,
Ross, CO, Ohio, watered by tfae Scioto. Pop. ia
1819, 18,200, Chieftown, CfailUcothe.
Ross, t. Greene co, Ohio,
-Ross, t, Butler co, Ofaio, on the Scioto, 8 m, be
low Harailton.
Ross, New, s-p. Ireland, in Wexford co. on the
Barrow, which is navigable to tl^e town for vessels

«636

ROT

of 400 tons. 17 m. W, Wexford, 1 1 N, E, Water
ford, Lon, 6° 5ff W, Lat 62° 22' N,
Rassano, t, Naplea, in Calabria Citra, 30 m, N,
E, Coaenza, UO N. N, E, Reggio, Lon, 16° 44'
E, Lat, 39° Sff N, R is the see of an archbiahop.
Pop, 7,000,
Rossberg, a mountain ofthe interior of Switzer
land, near the E, bank ofthe lake of Zug, A part
of the mountain fell in 1806 and buried a village,
deatroying more tfaan 100 huraan Uvea,
Rossdorf, t Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, 10
m. N, N, W, Meinungen. Pop, 900.
Rossel, t. Eaat Pruaaia, 51 ra, S, S. E, Koniga
berg, Pop, 2,300,
Rossena, t. Italy, in the duchy of Parraa, 14 ra,
6, S, E, Parma,
Rossie, p-t, St, Lawrence co. N. Y. ou the riVer
St Lawrence, above Ogdenaburg.
Rassleben, t. Prussian Saxony, on the Unatrut,
23 ra. W. Meraeberg. Pop. 1,100.
Rossvilk, p-v. York co. Pa.
iJoss»i//e, t. Butler co. Ohio, on the great Mi
ami, opposite Hamilton. Pop. 1,321.
Rossvilk, t New Madrid co. Missouri.;
Rossville, p-v. in the Cherokee nation. Ten. on
the S. sideof Tennessee river, 4 ra, below the
mouth of Chickamaugah creek, 50 S, S, W,
Washington, (Ten,)
Rosswein, or Ruspen, t Saxony, on tfae Frey
berg Mulda, 24 ra, W, Dresden. Fop, 2,700,
Rostak, city of Ommon, in Arabia, 70 m, W,
Maskat Rostock, t. Gerraany, in the grand duchy of
Mecklenburg-Schwerin, on the Warnow, 8 mfles
from its mouth. It ia the largest place, and the
only seaport of consequence in the statea of the
grand duke. It faaa a university witfa 20 profes
sors, and about 170 students, Ita chief export
is corn. The annual nuraber of arrivals, great
and small, is about 600 sail. It was tfae birth
place of marshal Blucfaer, and is 40 ra, W, S, W,
Stralsund, Pop; 13,000,
Rostarf, V. Hanover, 3 ra. S, W, Gottingen.
Rostov, t Eu. Ruasia, in Jaroslav, 40 ra. S. S. W.
Jaroslav. Pop. 6,000.
Rostov, t. Eu. Russia, on the Don, between
Azov and Tscherkask.
Rastrenen, t. France, in Cotes du Nord, 25 m.
S. S. W. Guingamp, 33 S. W. St Brieux. Pop.
1,500. Rota, t Spain, in Andalusia, on the N. aide of
Cadiz bay, 7 m. N. N. W. Cadiz. Pop. 6,000.
Ratal, or -Ro//e, small isl. in the Eastern seas, 27
m. S, W, Tiraor,
Rotas. See Rhotas.
Rotebro, t. Sweden, in Upland, SO m. N, N. W.
Stockholm. Rotenburg, t Switzerland, 4 m. N. Lucerne.
Rotenburg, t. HanovOr, 24 m, E. Breraen, 14 N,
N, E, Verden, Pop, 800,
Roth, t, Wirteraberg, 25 m, S, Ulm, 12 E, S, E,
Biberach, Pop, 900,
RatMoch, V. Bavarian States, 3 ra. N, W, Alt
dorf. Rothberg. See Rougemont.
Rethehutte, v. Hanover, near Elbingerode, Pop,
700, Rothenacker, v. Wirtemberg, on the Danube,
14 m, above Ulm, top. 1,100,
Rothenberg, one of the twelve departments into
wfaicfa the kingdom of Wirtemberg was divided
in 1810, It contains Stutgard, the capital of the
kingdom. Area, 340 square mUes, Pop. 112,000,

ROT
Rothenbuch, t. Bavarian States, 13 m, E, by S.
Aschaffenburg. Pop. 800.
Rathenburg an the Tauber, t Bavarian States,
28 m. S. S. E. Wurzburg, 18 W. N. W. Anspach.
Pop. 5,700i
Rathenburg, t. Prussian Statea, on the Neiaae,
12 m. N. Gorlitz, 55 E. N. E. Dreaden. Pop.
900. RathMburg, v. Prussian Saxony, on tfae Saale,
13 m. N. N. W. Halle. Pop. 800.
Rathenburg, t. Germany, in the electorate of
Hesae, on tfae river Fulda, 23 m. S. S. E. Cassel,
9 N. Hersfeld. Pop. 3,000.
Rothenfebt, t Baden, on the Murg, 6 m. E, S, E,
Rastadt Pop. 900.
Rathenfels, t. Bavarian Statea, on the Maine, 15
m. W. N. W. Wurzburg. Pop. I,400.t
Rother, r. Eng. wfaich forms the boundary for a
short way between Suaaex smd Kent, srad falls in
to the English channel at Rye.
Rotherham, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, near tfae con
fluence of tfae Rotfaer and Don. Here is an acad
emy for tfae education of Protestant dissenters,
raore particularly tfae Independents, proposing to
becorae clergymen. Here alao are very exten
sive iron and steel worka, in which are manufac
tured cannon of the largest caUbre, srad almost ev
ery kind of cast fron articles. 6 m. N. E. Shef
field, 160 N. N. W. London. Lon. 1° 22' W. Lat
53° 25' N. Pop. 2,950.
Rotherhithe, parish, Eng, in Surry, on the
Tharaea, about a mfle and si half E. of Loudon
bridge, noted for ita dock-yarda. Pop. 12,114.
Rothesay, or Rothsoy, royal burgh, Scotland, on
tfae N. E. coast of the ialand of Bute, at tfae bot
tom of an extensive bay. Itis extensively enga
ged in tfae faerring fishery.
Rothesay, Point, cape on the N. W. coastof A-
merica, Lon, 227° 46' E. Lat 56° 37' N.
Rothe Swhd, (Red Sound,) sfrait of the Baltic,
between tbe Daniafa islands of Falster and Lar
land, Rothewisch, v. Saxony, a few miles from Plauen.
Pop, 2,000.
Rathschen-salm, s-p, Finland, on tfae gulf of Fin
land, 11 m. W, S, W, Fredericksham, Lon, 27°
I'E. Lat 60° 27' 57'N.
Rothweil, Upper, v. Baden, 13 m. N, W, Frei
burg, Pop. 1,100.
Rothweil, V. Eng. in Northamptonshire, 4in. N.
W, by W, Kettering, 78i N, W, by N. London.
Pop. 1,451,
Rothweil, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 6 m, N. by E,
Wakefield. Pop, 5,004,
Rotselar, v. Netherlsmds, in South Brabant, 9
m. N, by W, Louvain, Pop. 1,600.
Ratte, r. Netherlands, in South Holland, which
falls into the Maese, at Rotterdara.
Rottel, r. Ausfria, which falls into the Danube,
near the casUe of Ottersheim,
Roltenburg, t, Wirtemberg, separated by the
Neckar from Ehingen, Pop, 4,700.
Rotterdam, a large commercial city in Soutii
Holland, on the N. bank ofthe Maeae, -Which here
resembles an arra of the sea, although nearly 20
miles from its mouth, Thougfa not fortified,
it ia aurrounded by a moat, and entered by six
gates towards tfae larad, and four towarda the wa
ter. It is traversed by the Rotte, a river, or rath
er broad canal, which here joins the Maeae, Rot-
terdsun ia intersected, even raore than other towns
in Holland, by canals, almost adl of which are bor-

R 0 V

ROW

637

Jered with freea. The houaea are rather conven
ient than elegant. Their height ia four, five, or
six stories. The principal public buildings are
the exchsmge, the great church of St, Lawrence,
the town-house, the admiralty, the acsuJemy, the
theatre, srad tfae extensive buildings of the Esist
India company, Erasmus was born faere in 1467,
Aa a coraraercial city, Rotterdsira hsia vsirioua ad-
vantagea. Its broad and deep cEmala bring veaaels
of large burden cloae to the doors of tfae mercfaanta'
warehouses. It has in several respects greater ac-
coraraodatiou than Amsterdam, the Maese being
open, and the paaasige free from ice, earlier than
the Zuyder Zee, and a single tide sufficing to car
ry vessels to the Germsm ocean. During the late
wsurs in Europe, its commerce was greatly de
pressed, but aince the overthrow of Bonaparte it
faas rapidly revived, 14 m. S, E. Hague, 36 S, by
W, Araaterdam, Lon, 4° 2ff E, Lat 51° Sff N,
Pop, 56,000,
Rotterdam, or Constantia, p-t, Oneida co. N, Y.
Raltingen, t. Bavsirian states, on the Tauber,
9 m, N. E, Mergentheim, Pop, 1,200,
RottweO, t Wirtemberg, 46 ra, S, S, W, Stut
gard, 42 N, W, Constance, Pop. 2,900,
Rotunda, small isl, in the Atlantic ocean, 3
leagues E. Granada. Lat 11° 56' N,
Rou, or Ptdo Rau, srasdl isl, in tfae Chinese aea,
near tfae coast of Matacca, Lon, 102° 10' E, Lat
6° 43' N,
Rouad, or R'uad, (sm, Aradus,) ial, offthe coast
of Syria, nearly opposite Tortosa, Lon, 35° 57' E,
Lat 34° 51' N,
Rovoda, t Ausfrian Italy, 10 m, W, N,W, Bres
cia, Pop. 5,000.
Rouanne. See Roan'ne.
Rouans, t France, in Loire Inferieure, 20 m.
W, Nantes, Pop, 2,100,
Rovosio, t Piedmont, 13 m, N, Vercelli, Pop,
2,500, Roubaix, t France, dep. ofthe North, 6 m, N,
Lisle, 12 N. W. Turaay, 24 N, Douay, Pop,
8,000. Roubion, r, France, which falls into the Rhone
at Monleliraart
Roucy, t. France, on the river Aisne, 11 m- S-
E. Laon. Pop. 900.
Rouen, city, France, cap. ofthe Lower Seine,
on tfae rigfat bank of the Seine, 70 railes frora its
raouth, in a fertile and pleasant country. Araong
the public buildings are the cathedral, built by
WiUiam the Conqueror, and said to be one ofthe
finest specimens of Gothic architecture in France ;
the church of St. Ouen, and that of St. Maclou.
Of tfae curiosities, tfae most interesting is the
bridgeof boats over the Seine. Inalead of piers,
it reata on 19 large barges, wfaich fall and rise
witfa tfae ebb and flow of the tide. It is about to
be replaced by an elegant atone bridge, wfaicfa is
afready (1820) in a atate of progreaa. Rouen ia
one of the principal manufacturing towns in
France, eapecially in the article of cotton gooda.
It hsis likewise manufacturea of woollena, Unena,
srad in a sraaUer degree, of iron ware, paper, hats,
and pottery. The annual value of all the manu-
iacturea is estimated at 2,000,000/. sterUng, ahd
the nuraber of persona eraployed, at 50,000. Tfae
Seine at Rouen is frora 500 to 800 feet in width,
and with the aid of the tide brings up vesaela of
150 or 200 tons. 45 m. E. Havre, 80 W. N. W.
Paris. Lon. l°ffE. Lat49°2ffN. Pop. 87,000.
RmierbeUo, t Au»tir"anJtalv, 12 m. Jl. N, W-
Mastua,

Roveredo, or Rovereith, t Auafrian statea, and
cfaief place of a diatrict in Tyrol, near tfae left
bank of the Adige, 28 m, N, Verona, 12 S, by
W, Trent, Lon, 11° E, Lat 45" Sff N. Pop.
6,000, Rouergue, forraerly a province in the S, of
France, now forraing the department of tiie Avey
ron, -Rouersano, t Italy, in tfae States of the Church,
20 m, W, Rimini,
Rouffach, or Ruffach, t. France, in Upper
Rhine, 9 ra, S, W, Colmar, 25 N, AlUrirch. Pop,
3,300, Rouge, t. France, in Loire Inferieure, 4 m, N,
W. Nantes, Pop. 2,200,
-Roi^e riwcr, r, Micfaigan Territory, whicfa runi
into Detroit river, 5 niiles below Detroit- It ia
navigable for vessela drawing 16 feet water, 4
milea, to tfae dock yard, thence for boats drawing
3 feet water, 8 railes.
Rougemont, t France, in Doubs, 22 m, N, by
E, Besancon, Pop, 1,200.
Rougemont, v. Switz. in Vaud, 18 m. E. Vevay.
Rough Skelly, cape on tfae E. coast of Scotiand.
Lon. 2° 28' W. Lat 56° Sff N.
Rovig'no, t. Austrian States, ou tfae coast of Is
tria, on a rock wfaich projecta into tfae aea, and
forma two good harbours. 40 m. S. Triest, 37 S.
W. Fiume. Pop. 10,000.
Rovigo, a delegation of Austrism Italy, separa
ted by the Po frora the Statea ofthe Church. Ex:-
tent, 550 aquare railea- Pop. 63,00a
Rovigo, t Auatrian Italy, and cap. of the above
delegation, ia on the Adigetto, a branch of the
Adige. 18m. N. N. E. Ferrara, 35 S. S. W. Ve
nice. Lon. 1 1" 4ff E. Lat, 45° 4' N, Pop, 9,000,
Rauillac, t, France, in Charente, 14 m, N, W.
Angouleme, Pop. 1,200.
Raujan, t. France, in Herault, 4 m. N- E. Be
ziers. Pop. 1,000.
Routers, t Netfaerlands, in West Flandera, on
tfae Mandel, a small river which falls into the Lys.
12 m. N. N, E. Yprea, 18 S, Brugea. Pop, 8,500.
Round Island, ial. in Bristol bay, on the N. W.
coastof Araerica. Lon. 200" 6'E. Lat 58" 37' N.
Round Key, small isl. near the coaat of Missis
sippi, 5 m. N. Horn island.
Round Lick, p-v. Smith co. Tennessee.
Round Top, a peak of tfae Catskill raountains, in
New- York, 3,804 feet above Ifae level of tfae sea.
Rounda, t. Hind, in Khandeish, Lon, 75° 47' E,
Lat. 20° 54' N.
Rornio, t. Eu. Ruasia; in Volhynia, 115 m. N.
E. Lembera Pop. S,30a
-Rouse's Faint, Lower Canada, the W. point at
tfae outlet of Lake Champlain through Sorel riY-
er, a littie above the 45th degree of N. lat.
Roussillan, before tfae revolution a province in
the soutfa of France, now forming the department
ofthe Eastern Pyrenees.
Roussillan, t France, in Isere, 12 m. S. S. W.
Vienne. Pop. 1,500.
Routot, I. France, in Eure, 9 m. E. by N. Pont
Auderaer. Pop. 1,100.
Rouvilk, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Cana
dsi, onthe river Sorel, 19 ra. E, Montreal.
Rouvray, t France, in Cote d'Or, 47 m. W. by
N. Dijon. Pop. 800.
Rowan, co. in tfae W. part of N.C. Pop.21,543.
Slaves, 3,767. Chieftown, Salisbury.
Rowe, t Franklin co. Mass. 17 ra. N. W, Green
field, 103 W, N, W. Boston. Pop, 839,

636

R S H

RUG

Rowley, p-t Eaaex co, Masa, 16 m,' N, Salem,
28 N, E. Boaton. Pop, 1,682,
Rowley, King's, t, Eng, in Staffordshire, 2 m,
S,E, Dudley, Pop, 4,974,
Roxbarough, t. St, Ormont co. Up, Canada.
Roxbarough, t Pfailadelphia co. Pa. on the
Schuylkill, 7 m. N. W. Philadelphia, Pop, 1,252,
Roxbarough, p-t and cap. Person co, N, C.
-RoaiMJ-gfe, sometimes called Teviotdole, co. Scot
land, bounded E. and S, E, by Northumberland,
S, by Northumberland and Cumberland, S, W,
and W, by Dumfries and Selkirk, and N, and N.
W, by Berwickshire, Extent, about 700 square
miles. Pop, 37,230,
Roxburgh, city, Scotland, in Roxburgh co. It
stood on a peninsula formed by the junction of
the Teviot and the Tweed, about a mile S. W.
of Kelso.
Roxbury, t- Orange co. Vt. 45 m. N. Windaor.
Pop. 686,
Roxbury, t. Cheahire co. N. H. 37 m. S. W.
Concord. Roxbury, t, Norfolk co. Mass. 2 m. S. W. Bos
ton. Pop. 3,669. It was firat aettled in 1630, and
is divided into 3 parishes.
Roxbury, t. Litchfield co. Ct 32 m. N. W. New
Haven, 46 S. W. Hartford. Pop. 1,217.
Roxbury, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 22 m. E.
Delhi, 56 S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,892.
Roxbury, t Morris co. N. J. 45 m. N. Trenton.
Pop. 1,563.
Roxbury, or Leverings, p-v. PhUadelphia co.
Pa. Roxbury, t. Washington co. Ofaio. Pop. 403.
Roxbury, t. Morgan co. Ohio.
Roxo, cape, Spain, on the coast of Valencia.
Lon. 0° 60' W. Lat 37° Sff N.
Raxtan, t Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E. of
Montreal- RoxweU, t Eng. in Essex, 4J m. W. N. W.
Chelmsford. Pop. 751.
Ray Bareily, t Hind, in Oude. Lon. 81" 12' E.
Lat 26° 10' N,
Royal, p-t Sampaon co. N. C .
Royal Isle, large isl. Lake Superior, about 40
mfles long, and 13 wide, Lon, 89" W, Lat 47°
52 N,
Royalstawn, p-t. Lancsister eo, Ohio,
Rayalton, p-t. Windsor co. Vt, on While river,
25 m, N, Windsor, Here is au academy. Pop.
1,758. Royaltan, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 36 ra. N. W.
Worcester, 70 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,415.
Royaltan, t. Niagara co. N. Y.
Royaltan, t. Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 ra. W. Lan
caster. Rayon, t France, in Lower Charente, at the
raouth of the Gironde, 14 m. S. by E. Marennes.
Pop, 2,700,
Roye, t. France, in Sorarae, 28 m, E, by S,
Amiena, Pop, 3,100,
Roi/pOor, t Bengal, in Midnapore. Lon, 87° E,
Lat, 24° 48' N,
Royston, t. Eng, in Hertford and Cambridge
countiea, 22 m. S, by E. Huntingdon, 37 N, Lon
don, Lon,0°l'W. Lat52°4'N, Pop, 1,309,
Royton, t. Eng, in Lancaahire, 44 ra, S, by E,
Rochdale, Pop. 3,910,
Rosnow, t Auatrian atates, in Moravia, 35 m,
E, Olmutz, Pop, 2,300,
Rshev-Volodimirov, t Eu, Russia, in Tver, on
hoth sidea ofthe Wolga, which is navigable here.

144 m, W, N. W, Moscow, 278 S, S, E. St Pe-
teraburg. Pop, 7,400,
Ruabon, v. North Walea, in Denbigh, 5 n,
from Wrexham, Pop, 1,137,
Ruaton, isl, in the bay of Honduraa, SO milea
long, and 9 wide ; naturally fortified by rocka and
shoals, Lon, 86° 45' W, Lat 16° 23; N,
Rubicon, the ancient nstme ofa river in the N'.
E. of Italy, wfaicfa flowe4(nto tfae Adriatic to the
N, of Rimini, supposed' to be modem Luao.
Rubieszow, t Poland, 29 m. E, by N, Zamoaki,
SO S, S. E, Chelm,
Rubio, cape of the Mediterranean, on the N,
W, coast of Uie island of Ivica, Lon, 1°21'E, Lat
39° 5' N,
Ruchibucto, aettlement, on the N. E, coaat of
New-Brunawick, about SO m, from the S, point ef
the province,
Ruckingen, t. Germany, in Hease-Cassel, 5 m.
E, Hanau,
Rudaw, t East Pruasia, 14 m, N, N. W, Konigs
berg, Rvddstadt, t. Prusaian states, 20 m,W, Schweid-
nita. Fop, 1,200,
Ruden, amall isl, in tfae Bsfltic, on the coast of
Pomerania, Lon. 13° 48' E. Lat 53° 40' N,
Ruden. See Ruthen.
Rudesheim, t, Germany, inthe duchy of Naasan,
on the Rhine, IS m. W. Mentz. Pop. 2,000.
Rudgdey, t Eng. in Staffordshire, near the S.
bank of tfae Trent 9i m, E. S, E. Stafford, 131
N. W. London, Pop, 2,213.
Rudig, t Bohemia, 23 ra, E. S. E. Carlsbad.
Pop. 800.
Rudkioping, t of the island of Lsrageland, in
Denmark, on tfae W. coast Lon. 10° 47' 45" E.
Lat 54° 55' N, Pop, 1,100.
Rudalphswerth. See Neustadtd.
RudoUtadt, t Gerraany, 22 m. S. E. Erfurt
Pop. 4,000.
Rudohtadt, principaUty. See Schwarzburg'
Rudoktadl. Rudraprayago, t. Hind, in Serinagur, at the
confluence of the rivers Alcananda sind Calygan-
ga. Lon. 79° 2' E. Lat 30° Iff N.
Rudstedt, Great, v. Gerraany, in the grand
duchy of Saxe-Weimar, 12 m, W, N, W, Wei
raar,' Pop, 800.
Rue, r. Wales, in Montgomeryshire, which runs
into the Severn, S m, S, Welshpool.
Rue, or Ruw, t. Swiss canton of Friburg, 10 m,
W, Gruyeres, 12 N, E. Lauasinne.
R'ue, r, France, in Auvergne, which faUsinto
the Dordogne, near Bsirt
Rue, t France, in Somme, 14 ra, N. W. AbbSr
ville. Pop. 1,100.
Ruedock, r. Walea, in Merionethshire, wliich
runs into the Dee a mile from Bala,
-Rue/, t, France, 9 m, N, W, Paris, Pop, 2,500,
Ruffach, t Franoe, in Upper Rhine, 8 m. S.
Colmar, 27 N. N, W, Bale, Pop, 3,300,
Ruffee, t. France, in Charente, 24 m, N, An
gouleme, 34 S, Poitiera, Pop, 2,100,
Rvffieux, t. Savoy, 20 m, N, Chamberry, Pqt
-Ri^, or Rafeo, (an, Alptieus,) well known r.
Greece, in the Morea, which falls into thegulf of
Arcadia, oppoaite the ialand of Zante,
Rufisco, a-p, Kayor, in Africa, N, of the Gam
bia, 60 m. W, N, W, Amboule,
Rugby, t Eng, in Warwick co, on the S, aide
ofthe Avon, It has a grsuumar achool, now oaU-

RUN

RUS

639

.ed the college, which has more than 300 atudents,
and funda which yield 2,000/, per annum, 19 ra,
E, N, E, Warwick, 85 N, W.London, Lon. l°lff
W. Lat. 52° 23' N. Pop. 1^805.
Rugen, isl. in the Baltic, oppoaite Stralaund, on
the coaat of Pomerania, about SO milea long, and
from 15 to 25 broad. Area, 360 square raflea.
Pop. 28,000. It waa long subject to Sweden, but
wsia acquired by Pruaaia, with tfae rest of Pome
rania, in 1814.
Rugenwald, t Prusaian Pomerania, 23 m. W.
Stolpe, 38 E. N. E. Colberg. Lon. 16° 23' 45" E.
Lat. 54° 22' N. Pop. 2,500.
Ringed Isle, araall ial. near tfae S. coaat of Ire
land. Lon. 9° 2' W. Lat 51° Sff N.
Rugles, t. France, in Eure, 25 ra. S, by W, Ev
reux, Pop, 1,600,
Rvhla, t Gerraany, belonging to Saxe-Gotfaa
and Saxe-Weimar, 14 m, W, by S, Golfaa, 5 S,
E- Eisenach, Pop, 2,500,
Ruhland, t, Prussian states, on the Elstei^ 28 ra,
N, by E, Dresden, Pop. 1,500,
Ridinoe, or Run, sraall isl, in the Baltic, off the
cosist of Livonisi, belonging to Russia, 34 ra, E, by
N, Domesness,
Ruih, sraall isl. in the Pacific ocean, 6 leaguea
from Waygoo. Lon, 130° 20' E, Lat, 0" 4' N.
Ruinerwold, v. Netherlanda, in Drenthe, 17 m,
N. N, E, Zwolle, Pop, 1,000.
Rule, r. Scotland, in Roxburghahire, which
falls into the Teviot al Manslees,
Rultsheim, v. Bavarian province ofthe Rhine,
11 m, E, Landau, Pop, 1,500,
Rum, isl. of the Hebrides, 9 railea long, and
from 5 to 7 broad. Lon, 6° 17' W, Lat, 67° N,
Pop. 600.
Rum Key, one of the Bahama ialands, 8 or 9
leagues E. of Long Island,
Rumbeke, t. Netfaerlands, in West Flanders, 20
m. S. S. W. Bruges, Pop. 6,000-
Rumburg, t. Bofaeraia, 68 m, N, Prague, 35 E,
Dresden, Pop -.2,700,
Rumelia. See Romagna.
Rumford, forraerly the narae of Concord, N, H,
Rumfard, p-t. Oxford co. Msune, 20 m, N. Paris.
Pop. 629.
Rumfard Academy, p-v. King William co. Va.
Rumigny, t France, in Ardennes,- 14 m. S. W,
Rocroy. Pop. 800.
Rum-Ili. See Romagna.
Rumilly, t. Savoy, 19 m. N. Charaberry, '1 W.
S.W. Annecy. Pop. 3,100.
Rumley, p-v. Jefferson co. Ohio.
Rummel, r. Algiers, which passes by Constan
tina, andjoins tfae Wed el Kibeer, 18 railes be
low. Rummdsburg, t Prussia, in Poraerania, 33 m,
E. S. E. Coslin, Pop. 1,500,
Rumney, p-t Grsifton co, N, H, 7 ra. N, W,
Plyraoulfa. Pop, 794,
Rumpst, I, Netherlands, 7 m, E, by S, Ant
werp. Pop. 2,000.
Rumuorth, t. Eng, in Lancashire, SJ ra, W.by
S, Great Bolton, Pop. 768.
Runala, t. Hind, in Khandeish. Lon. 74° 20' E.
Lat 21° 17'N.
Runcorn, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 4 m. N. by W,
Frodshara, Pop, 2,060,
Rungpoor, called also Takhut Koandy, district,
Bengal, bounded N, by the Bootan mountains,
and E, by the river Brahmapootra, Rungpore,
the capital, is on the E. bant of the Goggot river,

and carries on a considerable trade with Bootan,
Assam, and Calcutta, Lon, 89° 5' E. Lat, 26°
47' N, .
Rungpore, an extensive fortress which defends
Gergong, the ancient capital of Assam, Lon, 94°
4ff E, Lat 26" 55' N.
Runkel, t. Germany, in Naaaau, on the Lahn, 6
ra. E. Limburg,
Runnode, t. Hind, in Malwafa, Lon, 78° 15' E,
Lat. 25° 7' N,
Runnymede, a meadow, Eng. 5 m, E. Windsor,
in Surry, celebrated for the conference held there
on the 15lh June, 1215, between king John and
the Barons of England, wfaen tbe former was
compeUed to sign magna charta, and charta de fo
resta. Ruolo, t Italy, ducfay of Modena, 8 m, N, N. E.
Novellara, Rupelmonde, t. Netfaerlands, in East Flanders,
on the Scheldt, 8 ra. S. by W, Antwerp, 26 E, by
N. Ghent Pop, 2,000.
Rupersdorf, or Hohen Rupersdorf, t. Austria, on
the Sulzbach, 17 ra. N. N. E. Vienna. Pop.
2,300. Rupert, p-t, Bennington co, Vt, 32 ra, N, Ben
nington, Pop, 1,630,
RuperVs Bay, bay on the W, cosiat of Domini
ca, Lon. 61° Iff W, Lat 15° 40' N,
RuperVs Head, cape on the W, coaat of Domi
nica, Lon, 61° 19' W, Lat 15° 41' N,
Rupnagur, t. Hind, in Ajmeer. Lon. 74° 5' E-
Lat 26" 4ff N.
Ruppin, New, t Prusaian province of Branden
burg, 35 ra. N, N. W, Beriin, Lon, 12° 55' E, Lat
52° 5ff N. Pop, 4,600,
Ruremonde, t Netfaerlands, in Limburg, at the
influx ofthe Roer into the Maeae. 27 m. f^. by
E. Maeatricht Lon. 6° SffE. Lat 51" 12'N. Pop.
4,300. -Rusa, t Eu. Rusaia, 68 ra. W. Moacow. Pop,
2,400. Ruscek, or Ruschuk. See Rustschuk.
Rusciud, r. Peraia, whicfa falla into tfae Peraian
gulf, 48 ra. W, Ormua,
Rush, t. Norlfaampton co. Pa. Pop, 140,
iJusA, I, Luzerne CO. Pa. Pop, 831, .^
Rush Creek, r, Ofaio, which runs into the Hock
hocking, 7 ra, below Lsracaster,
Rush Creek, t Fairfield co, Ofaio, 8 ra. E. Lan
caater. Pop. 497.
Rushford, p-t. Alleghany co, N. Y,
Rushvilk, p-v, Fairfield co. Ohio, 10 m. E-
Lancaater, 26 S, W, ZanesviUe,.
-Rmss, t East Prussia, on the Nieraen, 28 ra, £
by £. Memeli Pop, 800,
Russ, smaU isl, in tfae Eastern seas, near the
W. coaat of Naasau. Lon, 99° 4ff E, Lat, 2° Sff S.
Russbach, Great, t, Austria, 20 ra, N, Vienna^
Pop. 1,900.
Russell, t. Russell co. Upper Canada,
Russell, p-t St. Lawrence co, N, Y, 25 m. S,
E. Ogdensburg, Pop, 394.
R'ussell, t. Hampden co, Masa, 14 ra, W, Spring
field, Pop, 422.
Russell, CO. in the S, W. part of Va. Pop, 6,316,
including, 386 alaves. At the court-houae is a
post-oflice. Russellvilk, p-t- and cap, Logan co. Kentucky,
It contains a court-house, a jail, a bank, an acade
ray, a meeting-house, two printing ofiices, and
about 170 houses. It is nearly equi-distant from
Green aod Curaberland rivers, 35 milea from

640

RUS

each, and situated iu a very fertile country, 200
m, S, W, Lexington, 85 S, Louisville, 180 S, W.
Frankfort, Pop, in 1810, 532; in 1820, 1,712,
Russdsheim, t. Gerraany, in Hesse-Darraatadt,
on the Maine, 6 ra, E, Mentz, Pop, 1,100,
Russey, t. France, in Douba, on the river Doubs,
34 m, E. S, E, Besan5on, Pop, 900,
Russi, t, Italy, in the Statea ofthe Church, 8 m,
N, E, Faenza.
Russia, the raost extensive empire in the world,
reaches from lon, 18" E, to 160" W, and from 43°
to 78° N, lat. It includes one half of Europe, one
third of Asia, and a portion of Araerica ; and it is
bounded N, by the Frozen ocean ; S, E, by the Pa
cific ; S, by the Chinese empire, Peraia, and Tur
key ; W, by the Austrian, Prussian, and Swediah
dominiona. The boundariea of Ruaaia have re
cently been mucfa extended in every part of the
west and aouth, encroaching upon Lapland, Swe
den, Poland, Turkey, and Peraia, On the aide of
Sweden, the river "Tornea, wfaicfa falla into the
head of tfae gulf of Bothnia, ia now the boundary;
on the aide of European Turkey, the Pruth and
the Danube, Between the Black sea and the
Caspian, the Russian erapire now extends to the
rivers Batfaus and Kur, the forraer of wfaich, di
viding Russia frora Arraenia, falls into the Black
sea, in about lat 42° N. ; the latter, rising near
tfae Batfaus in tfae mountains of Armenia, faUs into
the Caspian below lat, 40", Rusaisi, therefore,
now embracea the provincea of Georgia, Dagfaea-
tan, and Sfairvsm, taken from Persia, and Mingre
lia and Imiretta, taken from Asiatic "Turkey, The
whole erapire, including the late acquisitions,
contains about 8,000,000 sq. miles, and 48,000,000
inhabitaqts. It ia divided into 53 governmenta.
Geographers are not agreed on the boundary be
tween European and Asiatic Russia, but it is
coramon to assign 38,000,000 inhabitants, and
2,0(X),000 square miles, lo European Russia,
European Russia conaists cfaiefly of iraraense
plains, covered in many parts witfa forests. Ow
ing to the flatness of the country, tfae rivers faave
few falls, and many of thera are na-rigable for an
imraense distsince, opening very extensive inland
coraraunications, A short canal connecting the
Neva witfa tfae head waters of the Volga opens an
inland water coramunication between the Baltic
and the Caspian, and it is supposed that 4,000 ves
sela pass on this route annually between Sl, Pe
teraburgh and Astracan,
' The chief scaporta of Russia are Cronstadt and
Riga on tfae Baltic, Archangel on the While sea,
and Odessa on the Black sea. The chief exports
are hemp, flax, leather, tallow, potash, wax, aoap,
timber, pitch, lar, train oil, peltry, and iron in
bars, Tfae importa Eire sugar, coffee, cotton, and
other colonial gooda. The 'annual value of tho
importa variea from 10 lo 15 millions sterling, and
tfaat of the exports is nearly Uie sarae.
The established religion is that of the Greek
cfaurch, with a free toleration, however, of all
sects, even Mahoraetans. The number of Cath
olics ia eatimated at 6,500,000; of Lutherans,
2,500,000; Mahometana, 3,000,000. The nura
ber of churchea throughout the erapire ia nearly
20,000; thalof prieats about 68,000,
Russian literature ia as yet in its infancy. The
professors, and higher teachers in the tovifns, are
foreigners, generally Gerraana,
Tfae Ruaaian govemraent was till lately an ab
solute monarchy. The title of the sovereign is
emperor and autocrat of all the Bus'^ias. Thp

RUT
present emperor has declared the Russian govern
ment to be a constitutional monarchy, and has
given the senate the right of remonstrating against
any ukase or edict contrary to law.
The national debt is about 35,000,000/, ater
ling ; the intereat at 7i per cent ia 2,250,0()0/,
The total revenue of Ruaaia is looaely eatimated
at 15,000,000/, sterling.
The a,rmy, according to the return of 1819,
consisted of 778,000 raen, excluaive of raiUtia and
irregular troopa of varioua deacriptiona; riz, in
fantry, 566 battalions, 613,000 men ; cavalry, 563
squadrons, 1 18,000 raen ; artiUery, 47,000 men-
The naval force of Russia consisted, in 1820, of
30 sfaips of tfae line, 20 frigates, 16 sloopa, and 200
galleys. The men fit for the duty of the navy,
who can be called forth in time of 'war, are be
tween 30,000 and 40,000,
Russia, Black, formerly the name of a subdi
vision of Lithuania, whicfa now forma a part of
tfae government of Minak, in European Ruaaia,
Russia, Great, the former name of a large prov
ince of European Ruasisi, extending from the Fro
zen ocean to about the middle ofthe course of tfae
Don, It is now divided into 19 governments,
Russia, Little, was that part of the empire
that lay to tfae south of Great Ruasia, and now
forras the governraents of Czernigov, Cherson,
Kiev, Ekaterinoatav, and Poltava.
Russia, Red, forraerly an independent duchy,
which formed the palatinates of Chelm, Belcz,
and Lemberg in Poland, and now belongs partly
to Russia, but raore lo Austria,
Russia, White, was a part of Lithuania, which
now forms tfae governments of Smolensk, Mohilev,
Vitepsk, and a smaU partof that of Minsk,
Russia, p-t, Herkimer co, N, Y, on West Can
ada creek, 26 ra, N. Herkimer, Pop. 1,381.
Russaolpore, t. Hind, in Oude, Lon, 74° 68' E.
Lat 25° 57' N.
Russou, t Hind, in Nepaul, Lon, 85° 4^ E.
Lat 28° 3' N,
Russwyl, t, S'witz, 9 ra. W. by N. Lucerne.
Rust, t. Hungary, 31 m, S, S. E. Vienna, 4 E.
N. E. Oedenburg. Lon, 16° 28' II" E, Lat 47°
40' 40" N, Pop, 1,100.
Rust, t. Baden, 20 ra. N. N. W. Freyburg, 4
W. Ettenheim. Pop. 1,500.
R'ust, smaU isl. in the N. sea, 70 m. from the
coast of Norway, L'at, 67° 5' N.
Rustenberg, t. Prussian Saxony, 9 m, W, Heili
genstadt, Ru Stoir, promontory of Scotland, in Suther
landshire, Lon, 2° 4' W. from Edinburgfa, Lat.
68" Iff N,
Rustschuk, or Ruscek, t. Eu, Turkey, in Bulga
ria, at the influx of the Cara Lom into the Dan
ube, It has a castle of considerable strength,
with a population of 24,000, compoaed of Greeks,
Turks, Arminians, and Jews, 40 in, E, Nicopoli,
55 W, Semendria, Lon, 25° Iff E, Lat 43°
62' N,
Rusicarp, t. Eng, in Yorlcshire, on the banloi
of the Esk, 14 ra. S. W. by W. Whitby. Fop.
1,498. Ruthen, or Ruden, t. Prussian slates, 20 m, S,
W, Psiderborn, Pop. 1,600.
Rutherford, co, in the W, part of N, C. Pop,
13,202, including 979 slaves,
Rutherford, co, W, 'Tennessee, Pop, 10,265,
including 2,701 Flnvf>=. Chief town, Murfrew-
borousfh-

3- A A

SAA

Ml

Rntherfordton, p-t, and cap, Rutherford oo, N,
C, 46 m. S, Morgantown, Here ia an acaderay.
Rutherglen, a royal burgh, Scotland, in Lanark
.CO. near the Clyde, 2i m. above Glaagow. Pop.
1,630. Rutliin, t- Wales, in Denbigh co. near the
Clywd. 16 m, S. W. Hollywell. Lon. 3" 17' W.
Lat -53° 7'N. Pop. 1,292.
RiiigUano, t Naplea, in Bari, 20 m. W. Mon
opoli. Pop. 4,300.
Rutkmgur, t. Hind, in Malwah. Lon, 76° 26'
E,Lat23"4ffN, Rutland, county, Eog, bounded W, by Leicea
tershire, N, and E, by Lincolnshire, and S, E. and
S. by Northsunptonshire. Area, 200 square milea.
Pop. 16,380.
Rutland, amall isl. near the W, coast of Ireland,
Lon, 8° 22' W, Lat 54' 5ff N,
Rutland, co. Vt. bounded N, by Addiaon co, E,
by Windsor co, S, by Bennington co, and W, by
New- York and Lake Champlain. Pop. 29,486.
Rutknd, p-t. and cap- Rutis^nd co. Vermont, on
Otter creek, 55 milea from ita mouth, iu Lake
Champlain, 57 N. Bennington, 45 W. by N. Wind
aor, 60 S. E. BurUngton, 33 S. S. E. Middlebury.
Lat. 43" 35' N. Lon. 72° 51' W. In the centre of
the town is a higfa faill, on whicfa ia a pleaaant vil
lage containing the county buildings. Pipe clay
IE found here, whicfa faas been wrougfat into cru
cibles, tfaat prove very durable.
RtUlaad, p-t Worceater co. Mass. 14 m. N. W.
Worcester, 52 W. Boston. Pop. 1,231,
Rutland, p-t Jefferson co, N, Y. on Black river,
170 m. N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,738.
Rutland, p-t. Gallia co.Ohio.
Rutland, t. Meigs co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815,
340. Rutledge, p-t and cap. Granger co. Ten. N. E.
of KnoxviUe.
Ruinagiry, L Hind, in Bejapore, on tfae sea
ooaat Lon, 73° ff E. Lat IT V N,
Ruttunpore, t Hind, in Gundwanefa. Lon. 82°
Sff E. Lat 22° Iff N.-^There are several other
places of this narae in Hindostsra, but none other
of consequence,
Ruva, t Naplea, in Bari, 6 m, S, Trani, 20 W,
Bari, Itis theaeeofabiafaop. Pop. 3,300.
Ruysbeke, v. Netfaerlands, in South Brabant, 7
m, S, S. W. Bruaaela, Pop, 2,100.
Ruyssekde, t. Netherlanda, in Weat Flanders, 14
m, S. S, E, Bruges, 15 W, Ghent Pop, 5,400,
Ryacotlo, t. India, in Bararaaul, Lon, 78° 17'
5:-Lat'1-2°3ffN.

Ryagudd, t. Hind, in Orissa, LoU, 83°27'E.
Lat. 19° 1' N.
Ryan, Loch, a bay of Scotiand, in Wigtonahire.
Rybensk, t Eu. Ruaaia, on the Wolga, 56 ra, N,
W, Jaroslav, Pop. 2,200,
Rychoor, t. Hind, in Bejapore, Lon, 77° 17' E.
Lat, 15° 59' N,
Ryde. See Ride.
iii/iiroog-, disfrict, Hind, in Bijansigur, Rydroog
the capital, is in lon, 77° 2° E, lat, 14° 19' N,
Rye, t. and borougfa, Eng, in Suasex, and one of
the Cinque Ports, on the coast ofthe British cfaan
nel, at tfae raouth of the Rother, 34 m, S, £?,
Tunbridge, 63 S, E, London. Lon. 0° 44' E. Lat
51° 57'N. Pop. 2,681.
Rye, t. Denmark, in North Jutiand, 18 m. W.
Aarhuus. Rye, t. Rockingham oo. N. H. on the coast, 4 m.
S. Portsmouth. Pop. 1,020.
Rye, p-t West Chester co. N. Y. on Long Island
sound, 28 m. N. E. New- York. Pop. 1,278.
Rye, t Cumberland oo. Pa, on the W. aide of
the Suaquehannah. Pop. 1,233.
Ryegate, borough t Eng. in Surrey. It sends two
raembers to parliament 16 ra. E. Guilford, '51
S. London. Lon, 0° 13' W. Lat 51" 14' N. Pop.
1,128, Ryegate, p-t, Caledonia co, Vt, on Connecticut
river, 22 m, E, MontpeUer, Pop, 812,
Ryepoor, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, Lon, 82°
2ff E, Lat 21° 17' N.
Rylsk, t Eu. Russia, in Kursk, at tfae conflu
ence ofthe Sem and Ryla, 52 m. W. S. W. Kursk.
It is a bishop's see. Pop. 4,600.
Rynabad, t. Bengal, in Jessore. Lon. 89° 44' £.
Lat 22° 42'N.
Rypen. See Ribe. -
Ryppin, t. Poland, 32 m. E. by N. Thorn. Pop.
1,000. Rysbergen, v. Netherlands, in North Brabant,
6 m, S, by W. Breda, Pop, 1,200.
Ryssen, t. Netherlands, in Overyssel, 16 m, E,
N, E, Deventer. Pop, 1,500,
Ryswik, v. Netherlands, in HoUand, 2 m, S, E.
Hague, Pop, 1,700,
Rseczica, t. Russian Lithunia, ou the Dnieper,
152 ra. S. S. E. Minsk.
Rzeszaw, one of the circlea of Auafrian Poland;
Pop. 225,000.
-RsesBow, t cap. of the above circle, on tfae Wis-
loka, 70 ra. W. Lemberg, 80 E; Cracow. Pops
4,600.

s.

Sa, «r Sah, v. on the ruins of Sais, formerly
the metropoUs of Lower Egypt, 18 ra, S, S, E.
Faoua. Saade, t Arabia, tfae raost iraportant in the Sa-
han, or raountainous district of Yemen, ft is the
residence of a chief, who asauraes the title of
Iniam, 368 ra, N, N, E, Mocha,
Saalfeld, t Gerraany, duchy of Saxe-Coburg,
on the Thuringian Saale, It was forraerly the
chieftown of a small principalifv of the house of
81

Ssixe, but the family became extinct in 1749.. 50
m, W, S, W, Altenburg, Pop, S,700.
Saalfeld, or Zellwold, t. East Prussia, 67 m, S,
S, W, Konigsberg, Pop, 1,300,
Saalfelden, t. Austria, on the river Ssilza, 28 m.
S, S, W, Salzburg, Pop. 1,000,
Saalmunster, t Germany, in Hesse-Cassel, on
Uie Kinzig, 24 m. S. S. W. Fulda. Pop. 1,350,
Saone, Sane, or Sarine, r. Switz, which falls in
to the Aar, 7 m. W. Bern.

642

SAB

Saanen, in French Geisenoi, t. Swias 6antonof
Bem, 24 m, S, Friburg, 25 E, S, E, Lausanne,
Saar, See Sarre.
Saarbruck, t Pruasian province of the Lower
Rhine, on the river Sarre, 18 m, E, Luxemburg,
9 S, Trevea. Pop, 2,700,
Saargemund, See Sarguemine,
Soar-Louis, t, Prussian province of the Lower
Rhine, 11 m, N, W, Saarbruck, 34 E, Thionvflle,
Pop, 4,100,
Suur Union, t, Franoe, on the Saar, in Lower
Rhine, 45 m, N, E, Nancy, Lon, 7° 6' E, Lat 48°
SffN. Saats, circle, Boheraia, lying contiguous to the
Saxon frontier. A'ea, 820 square railes. Pop.
1 14,000. Saats, the capital, is on tfae Egra, 89 m.
W. by N. Prague, 28 E. Carisbad. Lon. 13° Sff E.
Lat 60" Iff 35" N. Pop. 3,800.
Saba, isl, in tfae W, Indies, belonging to the
Dutch, 12 railea in circumference. 13 m, N, W,
St Eustatius, 24 S, W, St Bartholomew, Lon,
63°12W, Lat 17° 40' N,
Sabagan Islands, small ialanda in the Red aea.
Lon. 41° 64' E. Lat 14° 65' N.
Scibi, or Xa'vier, t. Africa, in the kingdom of
Whidah, and residence of the sovereign before the
subjection ofthe country to the king of Dahomey.
It stands on the river Euphrates, about a mile from
the sea.
iSaiia, a country of Eaatern .Africa, situated to
the south of Sofala, trayeraed by a river of the
same name, whicfa falla into the Indian ocean,
in lat. 21" to 23° S.
Sabine, r. N. Americsi, which forraa tfae boun
dary between Louiaiana and the Spaniah prov
ince of Texas, and flowa into the Gulf of Mexico,
250 m. W. ofthe Balize. It is navigable 280 milea.
Near its mouth it expanda into a broad lake, and
agEiin coutracta into a river.
Sabina, a province of tfae Popedom, bounded
by the ducfay of Spoleto, tfae Neapolitan frontier,
tfae Tiber, and tfae Teverone. The capital is
Magliano. Sabio, t. Austrian Italy, in the Bresciano, on the
Chiesa, 13 m. N, E. Breacia,
Sabioncello, or Sabioneira, peninsula of Aus
trian Dalraatia, which haa tfae islands of Curzolo
and Meleda on tfae S, and on the N, tfae island of
Lesina. 45 ra. N. W. Ragusa. Lon. 17° 4ff E.
Lat 43° 16'N.
Sabionetta, t Austrian Italy, in the Mantuan,
19 m. S. S. W. Mantua. Lon. 10° Sff 5" E. Lat
44°5ff47"N. Pop. 6,000.
Sahlonceaux, fort. Franco, on the isle of Rhe,
dep. of Lower Charente. 15 ra. S. by W. Saintes,
Sabk, t France, in Sarthe, at tfae junction of
the rivera Sarthe and Ervc. 40 m, S. W. Le
Mans, 27 S. E, Laval, Lon, 0° Iff W, Lat, 47° 51'
N, Pop, 3,100.
Sable, r, N, Y, which forma the boundary be
tween J^aaex and Clinton counties, and flowa into
Lake Cfaamplain, Adgale's falls, in tfaia river,
ia in tfae town of Cheaterfield, "The river here
tails perpendicularly 80 feet The bEuika of the
river for amile below are a regular wall of rock,
100 feet high.
Sable, ial, of the AUantic, 00 ra, S, E, Cape
Breton, Lon. 69° 50' W, Lat, 44° 15' N,
Sabk, Cape, the S, W, poinl of Nova Scotia,
Lon, 65° 39' W, Lat 43° 24' N.
Sable Point, point on tfae W. aide of Newfound
land, Lon. 67° Sff W, Lat, 50° 24' N,
Sables d' Olonne, Les, s-p, France, in La Ven-

SAD
dee, 45 m, S, Nantes, Lon, 1° 42' W, Lat. 46° 30'
N. Pop. 5,200.
Saboe. See Seboo.
Sabaks, a palatinate in the eaat of Hungary,
bounded W. and N. by the gresit river Theyas.
Extent, 2,120 aquare miles. Pop. 136,000.
Sabon, isl. at the S. entrance of the straits of
Matacca, 24 miles in circumference, separated
from Suraatra by a navigable chsmnel. Lon. 103°
21' E. Lat 0° 42' N.
. Sabou, or Soivu, isl. in the Eaatem seas, near
Tiraor, 10 lesigues long.
Sabrcu), ial. in the Eastern aeas, 100 mfles in cir
curaference, aeparated from the island of Flores
by a narrow channel. Lon. 123" 2ff E. Lat 8°
ff S.
Sabres, t France, in Landes, 18 m. N. N. E.
Tartas. Pop, 1,800,
Sabrevois, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Cana
da, on the river Sorel, 30 m. S, E, Montreal,
Sobugal, t Portugal, in Beira, 7 m, W, N, W,
Alfayatea. Pop. 1,400.
Sac, r. S.Africa, which falls into the Orange
river, 90 m. from ita mouth.
Socondaga, r. N. Y. which receives numerous
streams, smd runs into the Hudson, 8 m. S. W. of
Lsike George.
Sacaroppa, p-v. Cumberiand co. Maine.
Sacehetto, t. Austrian Italy, in the Mincio, 10
m. S, E, Mantua,
5aee, t France, in La Msmche, 13 m, S, E,.-
Avranches. Pop. 1,600.
Sachsa, t. Pruasian Saxony, 26 m. E. by N. Got
tingen. Fop. 1,150.
Sochsenhausen. See Frankfort on ihe Maine.
Sachsenheim, t. Wfrtemberg, 3 m. N. Mark
Groningen. Pop. 1,100.
Sadie, t. Auatrisra Italy, 10 m. E. Ceneda, 31
W. Udina.
SackeVs Harbor, p-v. and port o( entry in the
town of Hounsfield, Jefferson co. N. Y. on Black
river bay, a brsrach of Hungry bay, at the E. end
of Lake Ontario. The harbor is perhaps the best
on Lake Ontario. It is weU situated botfa for
shelter and defence, aud is sufficientiy deep for
tfae largeat veasels. Here are several ships of
wEir buUt during tfae late war, and among them
two shipa ofthe line ofthe first rate. Very excel
lent atone barracks stand upon the bank of the
bay, about 400 yards east of the viUage, 78 m.
N, Utica, 176 N, W. Albany, The ahippmg in
1816 amounted lo 616 tona,
Sackingen, t Baden, on the Rhine, 17 m. E-
Bale, Pop, 950.
Sackrilk, t. Westmoreland co, New-Brunswick,
on Chegnecto bsiain,
Saco, r. which rises on the W, side ofthe White
mountains, in N, H. and running S, E, into Maine,
falla into the aea, between Saco Erad Biddeford-
II haa falls 6 miles from ita raouth, which obstruct
the navigation.
Saco, p-t. sind port of enfry, Yoi* co, Maine, on
the N, E. side of Saco river, at its raouth, 15 m.
S, W, PorUand, 29 N, E, York, 103 N, N, E. Bos
ton. It is weU situated for trade and raanufac
tures. The principsd viUage is at the falls ih Sa
co river, wfaich furnish numerous sites for mills'
and manufacturing establiahmenta. Pop, 2,942,
Sacratif, cape of Spain, on the coast of Grana
da, Lon, 3° 27^ W, Lat, 36" 41' N,
Sacrificios, ial, of the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Mexico, Lon, 98° ff W, Lat, 15" 40' N.
Sddava, t, Spain, in Arragon, 20 m, S, Sangues-
a»i, 47 N. W, Sar.igoasa.

SAG

SAH

043

Sadberge, or Sadbergh, v. Eng, in Durham, 4
m, E, N, E, Darlington, Pop, 396,
Saddleback, mountsiin in Adams and WiUiama
town, Maaa, It conaiats of 2 summits ; the N, is
2,400, and the S. 3,000 feet above the valley be
low. It is the highest land in Massachusetts,
SaddkhiU, promontory on the N, W, coast of
America, Lon, 124" W. Lat 46° 25'N,
Saddle River, t. Bergen co, N. J, Pop, 2,174,
Saddle River, t and cap, Salem co, N. J, on
Delaware river. Pop. 929.
Saddleworth, v. Eng. in Yorkshire, 10 m. S. W.
Huddersfield. Sadia, s-p. on the W. coaat of Madagascar. Lat
19° ff S.
Sadras, t Hind, in the Carnatic. Lon. 80° 16'
E. Lat 12°27'N.
Saebye, a-p. Denmark, in Jutlsiud, 30 ra. N. E.
Aalborg. Lon. 10° Sff 9" E, Lat 67° 20' 2' N.
Pop. 400,
Safad, or Saphet, (an, Japha,) v. Palestine, on
a hill overlooking the W, coast of the lake of Ti
berias. 65 m, S. W. Damascus.
Saffi, or Asqffi, a-p. Morocco, cap. of the prov
ince of Abda. It was long tfae cenfre of Euro
pean commerce, and tfae French had several fac
tories faere, wfaicfa are now transferred to Mogo
dor. Lon. 9" 5' W. Lat 32" 20' N. Pop. 12,000.
Saffron Wolden, t. Eng, in Essex, 27 ra, N, W.
Cfaelmsford, 42 N, by E, London, Lon, 0" 14' E,
Lat 52° 2'N, Pop, 3,403.
Sagadahoc, r. Maine, whicfa joins the Andros
coggin, in Rumford.
Sagadahoc, the name formerly applied to most
of that part of Maine which Uea east of the Ken
nebeck. Sttgamond. See Sangomoin.
Sasan, t. Pruaaian Statea, on the right bank of
the Bober, 83 ra. N. W. Brealau, 80 E. N. E. Drea
den. Lon. 15° 22' SO" E. Lat. 51" 42' 12" N, Pop.
-1,700. Sagonaw Boy, a targe bay of Michigan Terri
tory, which aeta up from Lake Huron between
Point aux Barquea on the S. in N. lat. 44° 42' 6",
and Point au Sable on the north. The course of
the bay is nearly south ; il extends in length
about 60 railes, and is SO milea wide at ita mouth.
it is navigable for veaaels of any burden, and its
numerous coves and islanda afford good harbours.
At its southern extremity it receives Saganaw
river, a large and deep streara, with bold shores.
The lands on this river are esteemed among the
most fertile in the territory of Michigan, "They
are now occupied by bands of the Chippeway
and Ottaway Indians, but have been recently sold
to the U, Statea, and will shorUy be thrown into
market Sagoneer, t Hind, in Ajmeer, Lon, 75° 50' E,
Lat, 26° 4ff N,
Sagoneer, t. Hind, in Gundwaneh, Lon, 79° 18'
E, Lat 21° 34' N.
Saganian, r. Great Bukharia, which falls into
the Oxus, at Termed,
Sagara, the ancient Helicon, a mountain, of
Greece, a few miles N. of the gulf of Corinth,
Sttgard, I, Prussian States, onthe N, pointof the
ialand of Rugen, 22 ra, N, E, Stralsund, Pop.
700, Sagatux, r, Ct, which runs into Long Island
sound, between Fairfield and Norwalk, forming a
harbour at its raouth,
Sagendaga, a head branch of Hudson's river.
Its mouth is about 20 miles W, of Fort Ann.

Sagh, or Ipoly-Sagh, t, Hungary, 22 m, N, by
W, Waitzen, 39 N. Buda,
SaghaUen, called also Oku Jesso, or Upper J^so,
and by the natives Tchoka, a large island at the E.
extremity of Aaia, imraediately N. of tfae large isl
and bf Jeaso or Matsmai, It is 450 railea long and
from 40 to 130 broad, and separated from the con
tinent by a narrow channel, called the cfaannel of
Tartary, Lat 50" lo 54" N, Lon. 144" to 147° E,
Saghalien River. See Amur.
Saghalien, Oula-Hotun, fortified t, in the coun
try of the Mantcfaou Tartars, on the Sagfasdien,
450 m, N, E, Peking,
Sag. Harbor, p-v. and port of entry, in the
township of Southampton, Suffolk co, N, Y, on the
great bay that dividea the east end of Long Island,
110 ra, E, of the city of New- York,; It contains
135 dweUing houses, 15 stores, 2 rope-wsdks, 1
sperraaceti candle factory, 3 extensive aalt works,
and 2 faouses of public worship, 1 for Presbyte
rians, and 1 for Methodists, It haa a good harbor
and conaiderable trade. The ahipping owned
here in 1820, waa 5,735 tona, 2,262 of which was
employed in the whale fishery on the eoast of Pat
agonia and in the Pacific ocean ; 319 tona in the
cod fiahery, and 3,140 in the coaating trade. The
whale fishery employs raore than 200 men, and
produces annually 8,500 barrels of oil. Pop, in
1820, 1,296,
Sagne, v. Switz, in Neufchatel, 8 m, W, N, W,
Neufchatel, Pop. 1,300,
Sogono, t. on the W, coast of Corsica, between
Calvi and Ajaecio,
Sogar, or Ganga Sagor, ial, Bengal, at the en
trance of the Hoogly, or Bhagurutty river, A
society in Calcutta has lately taken a lease of this
island from the Eaat India company, and has en
gaged to clear and bring it into a state of cultiva
tion in a few years. Its S. point ia in lon, 88° 20'
E, Lat 21° 34' N,
Sagres, I, Portugsd, in Algarva, 17 m, W, S, W,
Lagoa, 116 S, Lisbon, Lon. 9° W. Lat 37° N.
Sagua Islands, sraall islanda in tfae Spanish
Main, 15 ra. from the istfamus of Darien. Lon. 78°
4' W.. Lat 9" 18' N.
Saguenay, large r. Canada, wfaich falls into tfae
St Lawrence in lon . 69° 40' W. lat. 48° N, It ri
sea from Lake St Jofan, in 48° 2ff N, lat and 72°
30' W. lon, Tfae banka of this river throughout
its course are very rocky, and iraraensely high. Its
current ia broad, deep, and uncoraraonly vehe
ment Saguenay River, Little, r. Labrador, which runs
S, and empties into the St, Lawrence E, of the
Seven isles,*-in lon. 65° W, lat, 50" I8'N,
Sagur, t. Hind, in Malwah, Lon, 78° 5ff E.
Lat23°4ffN, Sagy,. t France, iu Saone-and-Loire, 30 ra, N,
E, Macon, Pop, 2,100,
Sahagun, t. Spain, in Leon, 50 m, S, E, Leon,
Pop, 4,000.
Sahara, or the Great Desert, an iraraense ter
ritory in Northern and Central Africa, lying ber
tween the stales of Barbary on the N. and Soudan,
or the countriea watered by. the Niger on tfae S.
and atretching from the Atlantic on the W. with
few interruptiona to the Nile on the E. being by
far the moat extenaive desert in the world. It
preaents, almost througfaout, the spectacle of a na
ked burning plain of sand, destitute alike of wa
ter or vegetation, and unfit for the supportof hu-
man life. It is only occasionaUy diversified by
oases or islands, wherethe supply of water admits

644

S A I

of a certain degree of verdure and cultivation.
With the aid ofthe camel, caravans of merchants
regularly cross these dreary wilds, in various di
rections. Water is conveyed in goat akina cove
red with tar, to prevent evaporation. At each of
tho oasea, or apota affording water, the caravan
stops for a few days to lsike in a aupply. The
greatest evil which they have to fear is when, in
consequenceof a peculiarly dry season, one oftheae
springa happena to faU. "Thua, in 1798, a caravan
from Morocco, consisting of 2,000 men, with 1,800
camels, entirely perished.
Saharunpare, district. Hind, in Delhi, between
the Jumna and Ganges, in about 31° N. lat. The
soil ia extremely fertile, producing all kinda of
grain, sugar, indigo, cotton,and tobacco. In 18f)S,
the British becarae raasters of thia valuable dia
trict. Saharunpore, the capital, is near the river
Jurana, in lon. 77° 23' E.lat 30° Iff N.
Sahloydun, t Birraan erapire, on the W. bank
of the Irrawuddy. Lon. 94" 4ff E. Lat 18" 35' N.
Sai, t. Bambarra, in Africa, 26 ra. S. W. Sego.
Saiansh, t Russia, in KoUvan, on the Eniaei.
Lon. 92" 14' E. Lat 52° 24' N.
Said, or Sohid, a name applied to Upper Egypt,
comprehending tiie territory extending along the
Nile, frora the vicinity of Csuro, to the frontier of
Nubia. Saidtt, or Seida, seaport, Syria, on the site of
the ancient Sidon, celebrated sis the raost ancient
of tfae Pfaenician citiea. Although much decayed
from ita ancient greatness, it retains still some im
portance as the port of Damascus. The msigfifi-
cent harbour, composed of vsist moles sfretching
out into tfae sea, is now entirely desfroyed. The
French have a consul here, and five or six cora
mercial houses. The exports consiat of corn,
silk, raw and spun cotton, particularly tfae laat.
Lon. 35° 14' E. Lat 33° 25' N. Pop., 7,000 or
8,000, Saillans, t, France, in Drome, 9 ra, S, W, Die.
Pop, 1,500,
Saimo, large lake, Finland, to the N, of Wfl-
manslrand, 250 railes long,
Sain, ial, on tfae W. coaat of France, at the S,
point ofthe bay of Breat, 3 m, W, Quimper,
Sains, v. France, in Aisne, 7 m, W, Vervina.
St. Abb's Head, cape, Scotland, in the Gerraan
sea, 14 m, N, N, W. Berwick, Lon, 2° 12' W,
Lat, 55° 50' N,
St. Adrian, I. Netfaerlanda, 10 m, S, E, Ghent
St. Agata di Gothi, t Naples, in Principato Ul
tra, 15 m, W, S. W, Benevento.
St. Agnes, one of the Scilly islands, on which is
a Ugfat house, Lon, 6" 2ff W. Lat 49" Sff 30" N,
See Scilly Islands.
St.Agreve, t, France, in Ardeche, 18 m. N, N.
W, Privas, 18 W, Tournon, Pop, 2,540,
St. Aignan, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, 19 m.
S, Bloia, 16 W, S, W, Romorantin, Lon, I" 27' E,
Lat, 48° Iff N, Pop, 2,600,
St. Aignan, ial. in the Pacific, Lon, 152° 66' E.
Lat, 10° 41' 19" S,
St. Albain, t. France, iu Lozere, 4} m, E, St.
Chely, 16 N, N, W, Mende, Pop, 2,100,
St. Alban, t. France, in Gard, with a mineral
spring, 3 m, N, Alais,
St. Alban, t. Savoy, 6 m, W, Chamberry, Pop,
1,000, In its neighbourhood are conaiderable
iron mines,
St. Alban's, t. Eng, in Hertford co; 13 m, W, S,
W, Hertford. Lon, 0° 21' W, Lat. 51° 4ff N,
St. Alban's, t, Soraeraet co, Maine, 30 m, E,
Norridgewock,

S A 1
St. Alban'' s, p-t and cap, FrankUn co,Vtoa
Lake Champlain, 23 m. N. Burlington. Pop.
1,609. The vfllage contains a court-house and
jail, and an academy.
St. Albans, p-t Lickiug co. Ohio.
St. Alban's Head, a cape of England, on the
coast of Doraelahfre, in the English cfaannel, 18 m.
E. WeyraouUi. Lon. 2° 10' W. Lat 50° 4' N,
St. Alvoire, t France, in Dordogne, 15 m. S,
Perigueux, Pop. 1,800.
St. Amand, t France, in Puy de Dome, 7 m. S.
Clermont, 10 N. N. W. Issoire. Pop. 1,715.
St. Amand, t France, in Nievre, 9 m. N. E.
qoane, 7 S. St Fargeau. Pop. l,500i-
St. Amand de Boueux, t France, in Charente,
9 m. N. Angouleme. Pop. 1,410.
St. Amand, t. France, in North, on the Scarp,
6 ra. W. Conde, 18 S. E. Lflle. Pop. 8,039.
St. Amand Mont Rendj t France, in Cher, 21
m. S. Bourges. Lou. 3° 35' E. Lat 46° 4ff N. Pop.
6,080. St. Amond de VoUhord, t France, iu Tarn, 13
m. S. E. Castres. Pop. 2,015.
Sl. Amans, t France, in Lozere, 9 m, N, Mende,
Pop, 3,380,
St. Amarin, t, Frsmce, in Upper Rhine, 15 m,
N, Beaort
St. Ambrose, isl. near the coast of ChiU. Lat
26° 17' S.
St. Ambroix, t Frsmce, in Gard, 18 m. W. Pont
St. Eaprit, 9 N. N. E. Ataia. Pop. 2,250.
St. Anostasia, isl. near the E. coast of Florida,
18 mfles long. Lon. 81° Sff W. Lat 29° 48' N,
St. Andri., t Frsmce, iu Eure, 9 m, S, S, E, Ev
reux. St. Andri, t Austria, 20 m, E. N, E, Clagenfurt,
32 S. E. Muhrau. Lon, 14° 32' E, Lat 46° 47' N.
St. Andri de CtUzoc, t. France, in Gironde, 13
m, N, Bourdeaux. Pop, 2,580,
St. Andri de Sangonis, t France, in Herault, 4
ra, E. N. E, Clerraont Pop, 1,400,
St. Andrea, iaL in the gulfof Venice, Lon, 13°
4ff E.Lat 45° 8'N,
St. Andrea, t. Naples, in Otranto, 3 m, W, Ta
rento, St. Andreas, t Frsmce, in Dordogn^ 12 m. N..
Bourdeaux, St. Andreas Berg, t, Prusaian States, in West
phaUa, in the Harz Forest, 10 m, S. S. E. Goslar.
Sl. Andreia, smaU, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon.
188° 14' E. Lat 62° 25' N,
St. Andrew, r. Guinea, wfaich runs into the At
lantic in lon, 6" 20' W, lat 4° 56' N.
St. Andrew, parish, Charleston district, S, C. on
tfae Ashley, above Charleston,
St. Andrew's Islaiids, two islands in the Pacific
ocean, Lon, 131° Iff E, Lat, 6° Iff S,
St. Andrew's, a city, Scotiand, in Fife oo, with
a safe and comraodious harbour. Here ia a uni
versity, consisting of two distinct colleges, in one
of which the languages, philosophy, and the sci
ences, are taught ; and the other is reserved ex
clusively for theology, A library common to
both, contains about 36,000 volumes. The num
ber ofstudenta during the aeasion 1816-17, amount
ed to 176. 9 m, E, Cupar, 39 N, N, E. Edinburgh.
Lon. 2° Sff W. Lat, 56" Iff 33" N,
St. Angela, t, Naples, in Lavora, 9 m, S, E, Na
ples. St. Angelo, t. Naplea, in Principato Citra, 60
m, N, Policastro,
St. Ar^elo di Lombardi, t, Naples, iu Principa
to Citra, 6 m, N, W, Conza,

S A I

SAI

645

St. Angelo, t, Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 10 m,
E, S, E, Terarao,
St. Angek, t. Naples, in Bari, 8 m, S, S, E, Bit-
tetto, Sl. Angelo, t Naples, in Capitanata, 10 ra, N,
N, E, Lauria, Pop, 1 1 ,500,
St. Angelo, t Naples, iu Calabria Citra, 8 ra,
W. S, W. Cariati Vecchia,
St. Angela, t Italy, in Milan, 6 m. S, S, W,
Lodi, St. Angek, t, Naples, iu Calabria Citra, 3 ra, N,
E, Scalea,
St. Angelo in Vado, t. Popedom, in tfae duchy
of Urbino, the aee of a bisfaop, 12 ra, S, W, Urbino,
Lon, 12° 2ff E, Lat, 43° 43' N,
Sl. Angelon, t Naples, in BasiUcata, 13 m, S,
S,W, Matera,
St. Ann, t. Guadaloupe, on the S, cosiat, Lon,
61° 27' W. Lat 16° 21' N.
St. Ann, or Annimpig Lake, a lake of Canada,
It emptiea into James bay through Albany river,
Lon, 88° 15' W. Lat 49° SO' N,
St. Ann, See Zarpana.
St. Anna, t Italy, 6 m, S, W. Ravenna,
St. Anna, small isl, in the Atlantic, near the
cosist of Africa, a UtUe to the S, E. of St, Thoraas,
St. Anna, small ial, in tfae Atlantic, near the
coast of Brsizil, 20 m, N, E, Maranhao,
St. Anna, t. Brazil, in lUieos, 20 m, S, W, St,
Jorge, St. Anna, See Arrayal de St, Anna.
St. Anna, t Buenoa Ayres, 200 ra, E, Corrien
tes, St. Anna-ter-Muyden, t Netherlsmds, 2 ra, W,
Sluys, St. Annaberg, t. Gerinany, 14 m, S. Chemnitz,
38 S, W, Dreaden, Lon. 12° 58' E, Lat 60°
SffN, St. Annaperg, t Austria, 20 ra. S. St, Polten,
St. Ann's, port on the E, coast of the ialand of
Cape Breton, Lon, 60° W, Lat 47° N,
St. Ann's, t New-Brunawick, on St, Jofan's
river, 3 m, S, Fredericktown, Lon, 66° 46' W,
Lat 46° 2'N.
St. Ann's Boy, bay of the island of Jamaica,
Lon, 77° ff W, Lat, 18° Sff N,
St. Ann's Bay, bay of Mexico, in tfae bay of
Campeacfay. Lon, 94° 46' W, Lat 18° 10' N,
Sf. Ann's Head, cape on the S. E. coastof the
island of Man, 6 m. N, E. Longness Point,
St. Anne, cape, Africa, on the coast of Guinea.
Lat 7° ffN,
St Anne, aeigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on the St, Lawrence, at the confluence of
St Ahne river, 28 m. N, E, Tfaree Rivera, It haa
a village of about 30 houaea,
St. Anne, or La Pocadiere, aeigniory, Cornwal
lis CO. Lower Canada, on tfae S, side of Ifae Sl.
Lawrence, 62 m. N, E- Quebec.
St. Anne, pariah in Cote de Beaupre aeigniory,
Lower Canada, on the St Lawrence, 18 m. N, E,
Quebec. St. Anne. See Frederickton, New-Brunawick,
St. Anne's River, r. Canada, whicfa runa into
^he St, Lawrence, 50 m. above Quebec.
St. Antheme, t. France, in Puy de Dorae, 7 m,
£,, Arabert, 7 S, W, Montbrison, Pop, 3,020,
St. Anthony's Falk, falls in Mississippi river, in
lat, 44° N, "The river has here a perpendicular
pitefa of 40 feet, with a forraidable rapid above and
below, making the whole descent in three-fourths
of a -mile, 65 feet. The appearance is beautiful
and picturesque. In 1805, the government ofthe

U, Statea purchased of the Indians a tract of l^ud,
around these falla, 9 miles square; andin 1819,
300 aoldiera were sent to occupy it as a military
position, A fort has been erected on a higfa bluff
at the junction of the river St, Peter's with the
Mississippi, a spot which commands tfae navigation
of both rivers, and appears capable of being ren
dered impregnable witfa little expense, Tfae cli
raate ia delightful, and tfae ricfa bottom and prai
rie landa which skirt tfae river yield corn, pota
toes, and all the common garden vegetables in
rich abundance. As a military position it is of
great importsmce, being in tfae neigfaborfaood of
many powerful Indian tribes, wfao have hereto
fore been under the exclusive influence of the
British Fur companies. The garrison at the falls
will have a ready access into tfae faeart of tfae
countries occupied by these tribes, by three dis
tinct channels of communication ; by tfae Missis
sippi, whicfa is navigable towards tfae nortfa, 600
railes above tfae falls ; by tfae St Croix on the N,
E, which joins the Misaiaaippi juat below the falls,
and comraunicates with Lake Superior by a port
age of half a mile ; and by the St Peter's on the
N, W, which runa through the territory of the
Sioux, tfae most powerful of tfae Indian tribes, and
is navigable for several faundred miles.
St. Antiaca, (an, Enosis,) ial, 2 m. from tfae S,
W, coaat of Sardinia, Lon, 8° 34' E, Lat 39°
ffN, St. Antoine Bay, or Lefebvre, seigniory, Buck-
ingfaara co. Lower Canada, on tfae S, side of the
St Lawrence, 15 m, S, W, Three Rivars,
St. Antonio, the raoat northerly of the Cape
Verd Islands. It is very elevated, some of tfae
mountains being constantly covered with snow.
On the N, side it has a good road for shipping,
Lon, 24° Sff W, Lat, 1 7" 2' N, Pop, about 4,000,
chiefly negroes,
St. Antonio, t. New Spain, cap, of Texas, Lon,
101° W, Lat, 29° Sff N, Pop, 2,000,
St. Antonis in der Heyde, t. Prusaian States, 14
ra, N, W, Dusseldorf, 16 E, N, E, Ruremond.
St. Armand, seigniory, Bedford co. Lower Can
ada, on Miaiaque bay, 40 ra. S. E. Montreal. Pop,
2,500. St. Amauld, t. France, 27 ra. S. S. W. Paria.
St. Asaph, t Wales, in Flintshire, the see of a
bishop, 30 ra. W. Cfaester. Lon. 3° 40' W. Lat
53° 13' N. Pop. 1,520.
St. Astier, t. France, in Dordogne, 9 ra, S, W.
Perigueux, Pop, 2,220.
St. Aubin, t. isle of Jersey, witfa a safe harbour
defended by a castie, S ra, W, St, HeUer, Lon, 2°
ff W, Lat 48* SffN,
St. Aubin d' Aubigne, t, France, in Ille-and-
Vilaine, 9 ra, N. Rennes,
St. Aubin du Cormier, t, Franoe, in lUe-and-
Vflaine, 10 ra, N. W. Vitre,
St. Augustin, mountain on the W, coaat of N,
America, al the entrance of Cook's river.
St. Augustine, sea-port and cap, of Florida,
is on the Eastern coast, opposite the inlet at the
north point of St, Anastatia island. It is regular
ly laid out in the form of a parallelogram, the
streeta intersecting each other at rigfat anglea.
Tfae houaes are generally two atories high, and
built ofa species of stone peculiar lo the country.
The aituation ia pleasant ; the supply of fresh wa
ter abundant ; the atmosphere dry and healthful,
and well adapted to northem constitutions. In
valida frequently resort faither for the benefit of
the climate. The soil in the neighborhood is

646

SAI

generally sandy, yet produces com, gEirden vege
tablea, orangea and lemona in great perfection.
The harbor ia good, but there ia a bar at ita
mouth which al the loweat tidea will not admit
vessela drawing more than 6 feet of water ; but
there ia a roadatead outaide of the bar which af
fords anchorage for larger vessela. Tfae town and
the entrance to the harbor are well defended by
a atrong fort, built entirely of hewn stone, and
mounting 60 cannon. In the rear of the city,
and nearly encircling it, but al too great a dia
tance to affect the cUraate, is an irapenetrable
morsiss, on the raargin of whicfa are erected six
redoubts. Lat. 29° 45' N. Lon. 81" 30' W. Pop.
estimated at 5,000.
Sl. Augustine's Boy, bay on tfae W, coast of
Madagascar. Lat, 23° 30' S.
St. Augustine, cape on tfae coast of Brazil, Lon.
35" ll'W, Lat 8" SffS,
St. Augustine's River, r, Labrador, which runs
into the gulfof St, Lawrence. Lon. 59° 5ff W.
Lat 51° IffN.
St. Austle, t, Eng, in ComwaU, 14 m, E, N. E.
Truro, Lon, 4° Sff W, Lat 50° 21' N, Pop,
3,686, St. Barbara, t,"Sardinia, 14 m. S, S, W, CagUsui,
St. Barnabe, seigniory, Cornwallis co. Lower
Canada, on the S^ side of the St, Lawrence,
St. Barthekmy, t France, in Lot and Garonne,
8 ni. N. Tonneins, Pop, 2,200,
St. Barthokmeo, t. Naples, in Capitanata, 6 ra,
S, Volturara, Pop, 4,500,
St. Bartholomew, one of the Caribbee islands in
the W. Indies, 15 miles in circumference. It is
very fertile in sugar, cotton, tobacco, and indigo.
It was ceded by France to Sweden in 1785, Lon,
62°54' W. Latl7°5ff N,
St. Bartholomew, one of the new Hebridea ial
ands, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 167" 23' E. Lat.
15° 41' S.
St. Baume, t France, 16 m. E. N. E. Mar
seilles. St. Beat, t. France, in Upper Garonne, on the
Garonne, 32 m. S. E, Tarbes.
St. Bee's Head, cape, Eng, in Cumberland, LoU,
3°32'W. Lat 54° 27' N,
St. Bel, t. France, 10 m. W, Lyons,
5/, Benedetto, I. Italy, 15 m, S, S, E, Mantua,
St. Benito, isl. in fhe Pacific ocean, near the
coast ofCalifornia, 20 m. N. W, Cerros,
St. Bertrand, Great, mountain of the Alps, be
tween Switzerland and Piedmont, at the sources
of the Eurance and the Dorin. Its highest peak
is 11,006 feet above the level of the sea. Be
tween the two main summits is one ofthe princi
pal paaaes from Switzerland to Italy.
St. Bertrand de Cominges, t. France, in Upper
Garonne, 25 m. E, S, E, Tarbes.
St. Blain, fief, Surrey co. Lower Csmada, on
tfae S, side of tfae St, Lawrence, 16 m, N. E. Mon
treal. St. Bonifacio, t. Italy, 15 m. E- Verona,
St. Bonnet de Bruyeres, t. France, in Rhone-
and-Loire, 18 m. N, ViUefranche,
St. Bonnet de Chovagnc, t. Franco, in Isere, 4
m, S, W, St, Marcelin,
Sl. Bonnet de .Taux, t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 6 m, N, E. CharoUes, 9 W, Cluny.
St. Bay, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 m, S, W, Bar
celona, St. Brances, t Franco, in Indre-and-Loire, 12
m. S, Tours,

S A I
St. Branchier, t, Switz, in the Valais, 12 m, S,
W, Sion,
St. Brelade'sBay, bayon the S, coast of the isl
and of Jersey, 6 m, W, St, Helier.
St. Briac, t, France, iu Ille and VUaine, 10 m,
N. Diannan.
St. Briee, t, France, in Ille and Vilaine, 7 m, N.
W, Fohgeres,
St. Briee, t. France, in Seine and Oiee, 9 m. N'.
Paria. St. Briee, t. France, in Yonne, 6 m. S. E. Aux
erre. .
St. Briee, t. France, in Marne, 3 m. N. W.
Reima, St. Bride's Bay, bay of St George's channel
on the W. coast of Walea. Lon. 6° 23' W. Lat 51*
48' N,
5/. Brieux, city, Frsince, cap. of tfae dep, ofthe
Nortfa coasts, 11 has a smaU harbour, 40 m. N.
W, Rennes, 200 W, Paris. Lon.2°40'W. Lat
48° 22'N. Pop, 6,250,
St. Brisson, t Frsmce, iu Loiret, 4 m. S. Gien,
2 W. Briare.
St. Buono, t. Naples, in Abrurao Citra, 15 m.
N. E. Civita Borella.
St. Calais, t. Frsmce, in Sarte, 22 m. E. Le
Mana. Lon.0°49'E. Lat4r5ffN.
St. Carlos, t. Caraccsia, 85 m. S. W, CEu-accas.
Lon, 67° 47' W, Lat 9" 25' N, Pop, 9,500,
St. Corks de Monterey, the capital of New Cal-
ifomisi, ia on the bay of Monterey, in lat 36° 15'
N, Pop, 700. The garrison consists of 60 or 8(1
aoldiera, wfao are all expert horsemen.
St. Corks, t. Cuba, 62 m, E, Havanna,
St. Calaldo, t. Naples, in Otranto, on the coait,
8 m, E. Lecfce,
St. Catalina, isl, in the Pacific ocean, on fhe
coast of Cfafli. Lat 46° S.
St. Catalina, isl. in the Carribean sea. Lon. 81°
W. Lat 13" 2ff N.
Sl. Catherina, id. iu the gulf of Venice, neiU'
the coast of Isfrta. Lon. 13° 44' E. Lat 45° 9' N,
St. Catherina, is!, in the Mediterranean, near
Rhodes, Lon. 27° SffE, Lat 36° ffN,
St. Catherine's, isl, near the coast of Brazil,
about 8 leagues long frora N, to S, and separated
from the raainland by a channel, in some places
not hsUf a league in length. It faas a fertfle soil,
and produces rice, raaize, coffee of excellent
quality, oranges, and a variety of other fruits,
"The island with its dependencies contains about
30,000 inhabitants. Lon. 47" 15' W. Lat, 27'
IffS, St. Catherine's, the principal town ofthe above
island, is on its E. shore ; smd its port may be en
tered by ahips of 300 lons burden. Pop, 5,000,
St. Catherine's island, isl, off the coastof Geor
gia, at the mouth of Newport river.
St. Catherine's Sound, on the coast of Georgia,
between St. Catherine and Ossabaw islands, Lon,
81° IffW, Lat 31" SffN,
St. Catherine de Fierbois, t. Frimce, in Indre-
and-Loire, 13 m, S. Tours,
St. Catherine's Point, cape, on the S, coast of
the Isle of Wight, Lon, 1" Iff W, Lat 50°35' N.
St. Celerin, v. France, in Sarte, 9 m. W.. La
Ferte Bernard.
St. Cere, t. France, 21 m, E, N. E, Gourdan, 30
N, E, Cahora, Lou, 1° 59' E, Lat 44° 51' N, Pop.
3,798, ,
Sl. Chamas, t. France, in Mouths-of-Uie-Rhone,
18 m, W, Aix, 6 S, Salon, Pop, 2,500.

SAI
St, Chamond, t, France, in Rhone-and-Loire,
22 m, S, S, W, Lyona, Lon, 4" Sff E, Lat, 45"
28' N,
St. Cliarks, r, Canada, which' runa into the St,^
Lawrence, a little below Quebec,
St. Charles, aeigniory, Richelieu co. Lower Can
ada, on tfae river Sorel, 20 ra, E, Montreal,
St. Charles, p-t Gerraan coast cO, Louiaiana,
St. Charles, co, Miasouri, on the N, aide of Mis
souri river, al ita junction -with the Missiaaippi,
St. Charles, p-t and cap, St, Charles co, Mis
souri, on the N, aide of Miasouri river, 21 miles
from ita mouth, 18 N, W. St Louis, It is a hand
some and flourishing town, and contained in 1817,
about 1,000 inhabitanta. It was originally settled
by the French, but there are now many American
aettlers, St. Charles Yamaska, seigniory, Richelieu co.
Lower Canada, 35 m. E. Montreal.
St.Chdyd'Acpher,t. France, in Lozere, 21m.
N. N. W. Mende, 15 S. E. St Flour. Lou. 3° 21'
E. Lat 44° 4ff N. Pop. 2,013.
St. Christiana, t. Spain, in Galicia.
St. Christirui, one of the Marquis of Mendoza'a
Islands in the Pacific ocean. Lon, 139° 7' E, Lat
9" 55' S,
St. Christaphe, t France, in Indre-and-Loire,
15 m. N, N, W. Toura,
St. Christophe, t France, in Isere, 6 ra. S, W,
Grenoble. St. Christopher's or St. KitVs, isl, in the West
Indiea, belonging to the Britiah, about 15 mfles
long and 4 broad, and contsuna 43,726 acrea^ of
whicfa about 17,000 acres are appropriated to tfae
growtfa of sugar, and 4,000 to pasturage. The
officisfl vsdue of the exports and imports amounted,
Imports. Exports.
In 1809, to £266,064 £132,845
1810, 253,611 89,362
Pop. in 1805, 1,998 whites and free blacks, and
26,000 slaves. Lon, 62" 49° W, Lat. 17° Iff N,
St. Christopher, r. Africa, which runs into the
Indian sea. Lat 32° 2ff S,
St. Christopher, ial, in the atraita of Mozambique,
Lon, 43° 10' E, Lat 16° SO' S,
St. Christoval, t. Brazfl, in Bahia. It has a fine
and well defended port, 20 m. N. E, Sergippe,
Lon, 37° SO' W. Lat 12° 4ff S,
St. Christoval, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon,
152° SO' E. Lat 6" 50' S.
St. Christovoo, t Brazil, near the coast, 20 m,
N, E, Sergipo, Lat 1 1° 30' S.
St. Christovoo, t Brazil, 10 ra, N. W. Rio Ja
neiro. St. Cire, t France, 3 ra, N, Lyons,
St. Ckir, flef, Devon co. Lower Canada, 34 m,
E, Quebec.
St. Clair, lake, N, America, between lalce Hu
ron and lake Erie, about 90 miles in circumfer
ence. It receivea the watera of lake Huron
through St. Clair river, and discharges itaelf into
lake Erie through Detroit river, 'The bottora of
the lake ia asiid to be a perfect plain, the depth be
ing invariably 21 feet, except near the ahore,
St. Clair River, tfarougfa wfaicfa lake Huron dis
charges ita watera into lake St, Clair. It ja about
40 miles long, and | of a raile wide, and ia navi
gable forlarge veaaela, though there ia a bar at the
mouth where vessels soraetiraes lighten, Abouta
mfle below lake Huron, on the W. bank of the
riirer, stands fort Gratiot,
St. Clair, t AUeghany co. Pa, Pop. 3,080.
St. Ckir, t Bedford co. Pa, Pop, 1,847,

S A I

647

Bl. Clair, co, Alabama,
St, Clair, t, Butler co, Ohio, on the Miami, op
poaite Harailton,
St. Clair, co, Illinois, on the Miasissippi, -Pop,
in 1818, 4,519, Chief town, Cahokia,
St. Claire sur Epte, t. France, in Eure, 27 m. S,
E. Rouen, ,
St. Claire, isl, in the Indian sea, near the E,
coaat of Madagaacar, Lon. 47° 10' E. Lat. 24"
54' S.
St. Clairs creek, r. Ohio, which runa into the W.
side of the Ohio, below Hamilton.
St. Clairsville, p-t and cap. Belmont co. Ohio,
11 m. W. WheeUng, 70 E. ZanesviUe. Il is situ
ated on elevated ground, and contains a court-
houae, jafl, market-house, a bank, a printing of
fice, and 3 churches, I each, for Presbyterians,
Quakers, and Methodists. Pop. in 1819, 675.
St. Clor de Lomagne, t. France, in Gers, 16 ra,
N, N. E, Auch. Lon, 0°5I' E. Lsit 43° Sff N,
St. Clare, t. Wales, 10 ra. W. Carmarthen,
St. Claude, t. France, in Jura, 18 ra, N, W, Ge
neva, Lon. 5° 57' E, Lat 46° 3ff N, Pop, 2,600.
St. Claude, t France, in Loir and Cher, 6 ra. N.
E. Blois.
St. Clement, t. France, in Correze, 6 ra. N. W.
Tulle. St. Clement, isl. in tfae Englisfa cfasranel, 2 m. S,
Penzance, Lon, 5° 35' W, Lat. 50° ff N,
St. Clement de la Place, t. France, in Maine-
and-Loire, 7 ra. N, W, Angers,
St. Clemente, isl, in the Pacific ocean, 25 railes
in circuraference, Lon. 241° 56' E. Lat. 33° N.
St. Ckud, t France, in Charente, 18 m. N. N,
E. Angouleme.
si. Ckud, t. France, near tfae Seine, 15 ra. W,
Paris. St. Colomo, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 12 ml E, S.
E. Cervera.
St. Columb Major, t England, inCornwsfll, Lon.
4° 47' W, Lat 50° 27' N, Pop. 2,070.
St. Columbano, t. Italy, 8 ra. S, Lodi,
St. Come, t. France, in Aveyron, 15 ra, N, E.
Rfaodez, St. Cornelius Munster, a princely abbey, Ger
many, 6 ra, S, E, Aix-la-Chapelle,
St. Cosmos, isl, in the gulf of Venice, near the
coast of FriuU. Lon. 13° 25' E, Lat, 45° 4ff N,
St. Caukmbe, t. France, in Ille-and- Vilaine, 4
ra. N, E, St Malo,
St. Croix, aeigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, on the S, aide of the St, Lawrence, 25 m.
•S, W.Quebec,
St. Croix, r. Maine, called also Passamaquoddy
and Schoodic, runs into Passamaquoddy bay. It is
the boundary between the United States and New
Brunswick, from its mouth to its source,
St. Croix, r. North America, which runa into'
the E. aide of tfae Miaaissippi. It is 100 yards wide
at ita raoutfa, and ia connected, by a ahort portage-,
with Boiabrule a river of lake Superior, It it
said to afford the most practicable comraunication
between lsike Superior and the Mississippi,
St. Cyprian, t. Spain, in Galicia, on the N,
coast, 20 ra, N, Mondonedo, Lon, 7° Iff W, Lat,
43° 42' N,
• St. Cyprian, t Chili, on the coast of the Pacific
ocean, 160 m, S, Valdivia. Lon, 74° W, Lat, 42°
20' S,
St. Cyr, V. France, near Versailles,
St. Cyr, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 2 m, N,
W, Toura, „
St. David, t, Charlotte co. New Brunswick.

648

S A i

St. David, or Tegapatnam, fort,.Hindoatan, on
tfae coaat of Cororaandel, 13 m. S, Pondicfaerry,
Lat11"4ffN, St. David's, t. Walea, in Pembroke, the see of a
bishop. It is near the sea, 48 ra, W, Caerraarthen,
Lat 51" 50' N, Pop, 1,816,
St^Denis, t. Franoe, in Aude, 12 ra, N, W, Car
cassonne, St. Denis, t France, celebrated for its abbey, 5
m, N. Paris,
St. Denis, t. France, in Loiret, 9 m, E. Orleans,
St. Denis, t. of tfae isl. of Bourbon, and resi
dence of the governor, Lon, 55° 20' E, Lat 21"
60' S,
St. Denis, fiefj Cornwallis co. Lower Canada,
on the S, side of the St, Lawrence, 72 ra, N, E,
Quebec, St. Denis, seignior^, Richelieu co. Lower Can
ada, on tfae river Sorel, 26 m, N, E, Montreal.
St. Didier, t. France, in Upper Loire, 24 ra. N,
E, Le Puy, Pop, 3,200,
St. Didier, t. France, iu Upper Loire, 9 ra, E,
S, E, Le Puy,
St. Die, t. France, in Loir-and-Cher, on the
Loire, 10 ra. N,E, Blois.
St. Diego, aeaport on the W. coaat of N, Araer
ica, in New Albion, Lon, 243° T E. Lat 32°
42'N, St. Diego, t. New Mexico, on the Bravo, 25 m,
-N, W, Santa Fe ; another, 90 m, S, E, Santa Fe,
Sl. Diey, t. France, in Voagea, 21 ra. N. E. Re-
raireraont Lon, 7° 2' E, Lat 48" 17' N, Pop,
5,400, St. Diomida, ial, Ruasia, in the Frozen ocean,
Lon, 135° 14'E, Lat 78° 40' N.
St. Diomida, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon,
190° 14' E, Lat 63° IffN, v
St. Dionysio, r. South Araerica, which runa into
the AUantic, Lat, 48° 20' S,
St. Disier, t. France, in Upper M-arne, 157 ra,
S. S. E. Paria. Lon. 5° 2' E. Lat 48° 37' N. Pop.
&,900. St. Domingo. See Hispaniola.
St. Domingo, the capital of the Spanish part of
Hispaniola, is on the W. raargin ofthe river Oza
ma. Lon. 69° Sff W. Lat 18° 2ff N. Pop.
12,000. St. Domingo, or Cacheo, r. Africa, which runs
into the Atlantic. Lon. 16° 20' W. Lat 12° 8' N.
St. Domingo Soriano, t. Buenos Ayres, at the
union of the Rio Negro and Uraguay, 80 ra, N,
Buenos Ayres. Lat 33° 18' S.
St. Domino, one of the Tremiti islands, in the
Adriatic. Lon, 15° 25' E, Lat, 42° ff N,
St. Danaci, t Naples, in Otranto, 10 ra. S. S, W,
Brindisi, St. Donat, t. France, in Drome, 6 ra, N, E, Tain,
Pop. 1,600.
St. Edmund's Paint, cape, Eng, on the coast of
Norfolk, in the German sea, Lon, 0° 2ff E, Lat
52° 68' N,
St. Egreve, t, France, in Isere, 6 m, S, W, Gre
noble, St. Elias, mountain on the W. coast of North
America, 17,860 feel above the level of tfae aea.
Lon, 144° W, Lat 60° IffN.
St. Enimie, t. France, in Lozere, 10 m, S,
Mende, 9 W, Florae,
St. Erango, t, Naples, in Bari, 15 m, E. Gra
vina, St. Erasmo, isl. in the gulf of Venice, 4 m. N, E.
Venice.

S A I
St. Espain, t, France, in Indre-and-Loire, Iflm
S. S, W, Tours. Pop, 2,040,
St. Estevan de Gormaz, t Spain, in Old Castile,
on the Duero,
St. Estevan del Rey, t, ChiU, 30 ra. N, E, La
Conception, Lon. 73° 3' W, Lat. 36° 45' S,
St. Etienne, seigniory, Dorchester co. Lower
Canada, on Chaudiere river, 20 m, S, Quebec.
St. Etienne de Baigorry, t France, in Lower
Pyrenees, Pop, 6,200,
St. Etienne de Furond, t France in Rhone-and-
Loire. Here is tfae greatest raanufactory of fire
arms in France, In the neighbourhood are rich
coal-mines, 27 m. S, S, W. Lyons, Lon, 4° 29' E.
Lat 45° 26' N. Pop. 16,300.
St. Etienne de St. Geoirs, t. France, in Isere, 24
m. N. W. Grenoble, Pop. 1,450.
St. Etienne de Mantlvc, t Frsrace, in Loire In
ferieure. Pop, 4,120,
St. Eufemia, t. Naples, in Otranto, 2 m, N, K,
E, Alessano.
St. Eufemia, t. Naplea, in CsJabria Ultra, 60 m,
N, N, E, Reggio, Lon. 16° Sff E. Lat 39°,2' N,
St. Eustache, v. Lower Canada, 18 m. N, W.
Montreal. St. Eustatius, or Euslatio, one of the Leeward
Caribbee Ialanda, in tfae Weat Indiea. It riaes out
of tfae ocean in tfae form of a huge pyramidal
rock, and ia one of the finest smd best cultivated
islands of all the Caribbees. Tobacco ia its chief
product Pop. 20,000, of whom 15,000 arc
blacks. 11 WSIS taken by the Englisfa in 1801, but
restored lo tfae Dutcfa in 1814. 9 ra. N. W. St
Cfaristopher's. Lon. 63° 6' W. Lat 17° 31' N.
St. Fargeau, t France, in Yonne, 21 ra. S, W.
Auxerre, 25 S, W, Joigny, Lon, 3° 10' E, Lat
47° 38' N,
St. Faustina, t. New Grenada, 40 m. N, Pam
plona, Lon, 71° 34' W, Lat 6" 55' N.
St. Felice, t Italy, 17 m, N, N, E. Modena,
St. Felice, t. Spain, in Leon, 12 ra, N, N, W,
Cividad Rodrigo,
St. Felipe, t Spain, in Vsdencia, 29 m, S, S, W,
Valencia, Lou, 0" 46' W, Lat 39° N, Pop.
10,000. St. Felipe, t. S. Americsi, in Venezuela, 150 m.
W. Caraccas, 45 N. W. Valencia. Lat 10° 15' K
Pop, 6,800,
St. Felipe, t. Mexico, on the Bravo, 40 m, S.
Santa Fe,
St. Felipe, forraerly St. Luis de Maragnon, t
Brazil, and cap. of the jurisdiction of Msu-anhao.
Lon. 45° 36' W. Lat 2° SO' S. Pop. 25,000.
St. Felipe, t. Cuba, 55 m. S. E, Ha^vannah,
St. Feliu de Quixalo, seaport, Spain, in Catalo
nia, 50 m, N. E, Barcelona, Lon, 2° 55' E, Lat.
41° 48' N,
5/, Feliu, t, Spain, in Catalonia, lira. W, Gei
rona, St. Felix Isles, 2 isles in the Pacific ocean, near
the coast of Cfaili, Lon, 80° 46' W, Lat 26° Iff S,
St. Felix, t. Brazfl, on tfae Tocantins, 130 m, N,
E, ViUa Boa, Lon, 49° 36' W, Lat 15° Sff S,
St. Felix de Caromau, t France, in Upper Ga
ronne, 22 ra, E, S, E, Toulouse,
St. Ferdinand, t. St, Louis co. Missouri, 14 m,
N. W. St. Louis.
St. Ferme, t. France, in Gironde, 27 m. S. E,
Bourdeaux, St. Ferrumdo, t. South America, in Tucuman,
150 m, W, St Jago de Esteros, Lon. 68" Iff W
Lat. 28° S,

S A i
St. Fiaderagg, a small isl. on the W, "aid^ of 'the
gulf of Bothnia. Lon. 20" Sff E. Lat. 63° 52' N.
St. Filippa, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 10 ra.
N. Nicotera.
St. Fiorensa, seaport on the N. coast of the isl
and of Corsica, 6 m. W. Bastia. Lon. 9° 37' E.
Lat 42° 35'N. Pop. 1,500.
St. Fianin, t France, in Higher Alps, 13 m, N,
Gap. St.floviano, t Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, near
the Adriatic, 12 m, N, E, Terarao.
St. Florent, t France, iu Cher, 7 m, S. W.
Bourges, St. Florent le Viel, t France, in Maine-and-
Loire, 19 m, W, S, W, Angers,
St. Florentin, t, France, in Yonne, 24 ra. S. S.
W, Troyea, 13 N. N, E, Auxerre. Pop. 3,000.
Sl. Fkur, city, France, in Cantal. It is tfae see
ofa bishop. 50 ra, S , Clerraont Ferrand, Lon, 3°
Iff E, Lat 45° 2' N, Pop, 5,300.
St. Foy, t. Canada, on the St Lawrence, 5 ra, S,
W. Quebec.
St. Foy k Grand, t. France, in Gironde, on the
Dordogne, 36 m, E, Bourdeaux, Lon, 0° 18' E,
Lat 44° Sff N. Pop. 2,830.
St. Framburg, t. France, S m. S, S. E. Paris,
St. Framonda, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, 6
m. N. Benevento.
St. Francis, r. Africa, which runs jnto the At-
bntic, Lat. 12° Sff S-
Si. Francis, r. Lower Canada, which issues from
a considerable lake of the same name, and flovys
into the S, side of the St, Lawrence,,at its expan
sion into lake St, Peter,
St. Francis, r. which rises in Missouri, and after
a southerly course of 500 miles, joina the iMissis-
sippi, in Arksraaaw Territory,. Jt'-is navigable
SOOmiles, St. Francis, t, Arkansaw Territory, on the- riyer
St Francis. Lat, 35° N- t,
St. Francisco, t Florida, 56 m. E, S, E,'St
Mark, , , , ..y,
St. Francisco, r. Chili, which runs intg the Pa
cific pcean, lat, 52° S.
St. Francisco. See Francisco Rio.
^l- Ewieisca, seaport on the W, coait-of North
.America. Lon, 237" Sr E. Lat. 37° 4ff N.
St. Francisco, seaport, Brazil, in St, Paul, Lat.
2S" Iff S.
St.. Francisco Bay, bay of the Indian sea, on the
coast of Africa, Lat. 32" 25' S,
St. FroncisvUk, p-t, and cap. Feliciana co. Lou
isiana, on the Missiaaippi, 30 m. above Baton
Rouge. St. Francois, seignory, Buckinghara co. Lower
Canada, on the S. side ofthe St Lawrence, at the
confluence of the St Francis river, 23 m, S, W,
Three-Rivers. St. Fulgent, t. France, in Vendee, 9 m, S. S. E,
Montaigu, Pop. 1,6.50,
St. Gabriel, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Can
ada, 10 ra, W. Quebec,
St. Gall, canton, Switzerland, bounded by Aus
tria and the cantons of the Grisons, Glarus,
Schweitz, and Zurich, Extent, 1,1(X) square railes.
Pop, 134,000, of whom three-fifths are CathoUcs,
and the rest Protestants, The government is
aristordemocralical ; the great council conaists of
86 CathoUcs, and 66 Proteatants, It furnishes to
the confederation of Switzerland 2,630 raen, and
2,500/, steriing,
St. GaU, t. Switz. the capital of the above can-

S A I

649

ton, is on tho Steinach, Il is well built, surround
ed with waUs and ditches, and contain! about 9,000
infaabitants, for the moat part Protestants, Lon, 9°
21' 37" W. Lat 47° 25' 41" N.
- St. Gallon, isl, near the coast of Peru. Lati
14" S,
St. Galto, t Italy, 10 ra. N, N, E, Brescia,
St. Galnder, t. France, in Rhone-and-Loire, 12.
m, E. Montbrison, 10 N, St, Etienne,
Sf. Gaudens, t, France, in Upper Garonne, on
the Garonne, 44 m. S, S, W. "Toulouae, Lon, 0"
4ffE, Lat4S°ffN, Pop. 4,200,
5/, Geminiano, t. Tuacsmy, in Florence, 24 mi
S, Florence, Pop, 2,000,
St. Genest de Malisaut, t. France, in Rhone-and^'
Loire, 6 ra. S. Sl, Etienne, Pop. 2,000,
St. Qenevieve, t. France, 6 ra. W, Paria,
St. Genevieve, t. France, in Aveyron, 27 m, N,
PUiodez, Pop, 1,250,
St. Qenevieve, co, Missouri, on tfae Missisjippi.
St.fienevieve, p-t, and cap, St, Genevieve oo.
Miasouri, is in a faandsome plain, on tfae aecond
bankof tfae Miasissippi, about 1 mile from the
ri^er, 21 below Herculaneura, 51 S, S, E. St Louis.
It contained in 1817, about 350 houses, an acade-
my^ and 8 or 10 stores. It hsis considerable trade,
being the principal depot of the rich lead mines
of Missouri, and the atore-faouse whence the mi^
ners draw their supplies, , .
' St. Gengou k Royal, t. France, in Sao^e-.and
Loire, 1 1 m, N, Cluny, 20 N, N, W, Macon, :'
St. Genies,'t. France, in Gard, ff!-m, N, W,
Nisraes, 10 S-W. Uzes. «• ,.
St. Genies de Rivedalt, t France, in Aveyronj /
18 ra. E. N, f:. Rhodez, Lon, 3° 3' E, ,Lat, 4#
28' N, Pop, -3,350, ^ \i
St. Genis, t. France, in Lower Charente, S^Wt "^
S. Saintes, 12 S. Pons. ,.^"" '
St. Genis, t. Savoy, 15 ra, W, Chambery, .*;.;?
St. Genis la Val, t France, 4 m, S, Lyons, JPpp.
2,400, St. Geoire, t France, in Isere, 18 ra, N, W.
Grenoble. Pop. 3,450. ,...f
St. Georg, t. Germany, at tfae conflUx of tfae
Teya and March, 24 m, N. N, E, Preshjurg, Pop.
2,399. . ,^.
St. Georg, t. Hungary, 7 m. N. Nj,^. Preaburg.
St. George, the largeat of the Bg^uda islands,
15 miles long and 3 broad, St George is sdso the
name of the capital, Lon, 6^j32' W, Lat, 32°
4ff N. ,-
St. George, t. and cap,oflly? island of Grenada,
formerly called Fort Royal, posaeasing one of the
best harbours m. the Englisfa West Indies, which
has lately bee* fortified, Lon, 61° 31' W, Lat;
12° 4'N,
Sl. Georgpf or St. Jorge, one erf the Azore ialands,
nbout 10 leagUea long and 2 broad. It was rav
aged by a terrible volcano in 1808, Lon, 28° W,
Lat 38° 39' N.
St. George, t. France, in Maine-sind-Loire, 20
m, S. S. W. Angers,
St. George, isl. in the Grecian archipetago, 3 m,
E. Milo.
St. George, isl. in the Grecian archipelago, at
the entrance of the Gulf of SandarUck, Lon, 26°
42'E, LatS8°4ffN,
St. George, isl. near the W, coast of Hindooatanj
4 m, frora Goa,
St. George, t. Charlotte co. New Brun3wick,\on
Passamaquoddy bay, , ,
St. George, i. Lincoln co". A'Taine, on the E. aide

82

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S A I

ofa river of the same name, at its mouth, adjoin
ing ThoraaStown, 38 m, from Wiscasset.
St. George, t. Chittenden co, Vt, 8 m, S, E, Bur
lington. Pop, 68,
St. George, r. Florida, which runs into the St
Jofan, in lon. 81° 47' W, lat 30° Sff N,
St, George Cape, and Islands, near the coaat of
Florida, opposite the raouth of the Apalachicola,
Sl, George sur Loire, t. France, in Maine-and-
Loire, 9 m. S, W, Angers, Pop, 2,350,
St, George d' Orque, t France, 4 m, W, Montpe
Uer. St, Georges des Sept Voies, t. France, in Maine-
and Loire, 2 m. W. Roziers. Pop. 2,320.
St. George's Channel, that part of tbe Atlantic
ocean which lies between Ireland and Walea.
St. George's, p-t. New Caatle co. Del. Pop. of
St George's hundred 2,880.
St. George's, r. St Mary's co. Md. which runs
into the Potomac, between Piney point and St
Mary's river. Opposite its mouth ia the ialand of
St. George.
St. George's bank, fishing bank off the coast of
Masa. It extends between lat, 41° 15' and 42° 22'
N. and between lon, 67° SO' and 68° 40' W,
St. George d' Atbara, ial, in the Grecian Archi
pelago. Lon. 23°2ffE. Lat 37° 2ff N.
St. Georgen am See, t. Bavarian atatea, J ra. N.
N. E. Bavreuth.
St. Germain, t. France in Aube, 3 m, S, W,
Troyes. St. Germain, t. Eng. in Cornvrall, 52 m. S. W.
Exeter. Pop. 2,139,
. Si. Germain, r, Illinois, which runs into the
Wabaah, between Vincennea and Fort Harriaon,
St. Germain les Belles Filles, t. France, in Up
per Vienne, 16 m, S. S. E. Limogea. Pop, 2,050,
St. Germain Lombrans, t, France, in Puy de
Dome, 12 m, W, N, Vf. Brioud, 6 S. lasoire,
¦ St, Germain en Laye, t France, in Seine-and-
Oiae, on the Seine, The foreat in tfae vicinity is
one of tfae largest and finest ih tfae kingdora, 12
m. W, Paris. Lon, 2° Iff E, Lat 48° 54' N, Pop,
9,000, St. Germain du Plain, t, France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 6 m. S, E, Cfaalona-aur-Saone,
Sl Germana, t. Naples, in Lavora, 48 m. N. N.
W, Naplea, Lou, 13° 45 'E, Lat 41" Sff N, Pop,
5,000, St. Germana, t. Popedom, 13 m. E. N. E. Ur
bino, St. Germana, t. Piedmont, 4 ra. E. St. Ja, Pop,
2,600, St. Germana, t. on the W. coast of the island of
Porto Rico, Lon, 67" 40' W. Lat 1 8" 20' N,
St. Germans, t. Eng. in Cornwall, 8 m, W. Ply-
jnoulfa. Lbn, 4° 10' W, Lat 50" 25' N,
St. Gervais, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 9 m, S.
Montagu, Pop, 2,200,
St. Gervais, aeigniory, Hertford co. Lower Can
ada, 18 ra, S, E. Quebec,
St. Gervoso, t. Italy, 15 m, S, Brescia.
St. Gery, t France, in Lot, 5 ra, N, W, Cahors.
St. Giacamo, Cape, Naplea, in the Gulf of Ta
rento, Lon, 17° IffE, Lat 39° SffN.
St. Giacamo, t, Italy, 3 m, S. Verona.
5/. Gilles, aeigniory, Buckingham co. Lower
Canada, 18 m. S, Quebec,
St. Gilles ks Boucheries, t. France, in Gard, 10
m, S. S. E. Nimes, 9 W, Arlea. Pop. 5,050.
St. Gilles sur Vic, a-p, France, in Vendue, 9 m,
S. Challans.
Sli^lian, Of St, Guishin, or St. Ghislain, t.

SAI
Nethertands. It is conaidered the Key of Mom.
10 ra. E. Condd, 3 W. Mona.
St. Gingo, or Gingoux, or Gingoulp, t partly
in Savoy and partly in Switzerland, ou the lake of
Geneva, 6 ra. S, by W, Vevay,
St. Giorgio, t. Piedmont, 6 m, N. W, Chivasao,
Pop. 6,000,
St. Giorgio, t. Naplea, in Otrsmto, 4 m, E,
Tarento, St. Giorgio, t. Naples, in Otranto, 3 m, N. N,W,
Nardo. ' St. Giorgio, t Naples, in Principato Ultra, 3 m.
S, E, Benevento. Pop, 6,000,
St. Giorgio, t. Austrian Italy, on the Adige, 5
m, S. E Ver4na,
St. Giorgib, t. Italy, 11 m, N. Bologna,
St. Giovanni, t. Italy, 6 m, W. Piacenza,
St. Giovanni Rotondo, t Naples, in Capitanata,
10 m, N. W, Manfredonia, Pop. 4,500.
St. Girons, t. France, in Arriege, 21 m. W, Ta
raacon, 42 S, Toulouse, Lon. r Iff E. Lat, 42°
SffN, St. Giuliana, t Naples, in Otrsmto, 17 m, S, S,
W. Brindisi;
St. GiuUano, t. Italy, 7"m. S, E, Mflan,
St. Gaar, or St. Gower, t Prussian stales, on the
west side of the Rhine, 16 m, S, Coblentz, 46 E.
N,E, Treves, Lon. 7°4ffE, Lat 50° ffN.
St. Gobin, t France, in Aiane, celebrated for
its manufacture of looking-glasses, some ofwhich
are cast of an imraense size. 4 m. S. La Fere, 6
E. Chauny.
St. Gondan, t France, in Loiret, 28 m. S, E, Or
leans, St. Gonsalvo, t. Brazfl, in St Salvador, 40 m,
W, Sergipo.
St. Gothard, a chain of mountfiins of Switzer
land, in the csraton of Uri, the summit of whichis
said to be 9,075 feet above the level of the aea,
St. Gowen's Head, cape on the S. coastof Walef,
in Pembroke, Lon.5°W, Lat 51° SffN.
St. Gregoritt, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, 8
ra, N, W, Cangiano,
St. Guillaume, t. Frsmce, in Isere, 15 m. S,
Grenoble, St. Heand, t. Franoe, in Rhone-and-Loire, 2"
ni. S, W. Lyons. Pop, 2,700,
Sl. Helena, isl. in Uie AUantic ocean, detached
from any group, 600 m. from Ascension island, the
nearest land; 1,200 from the coast of Africa, and
1,800 from S. America. Since 1815, Uie island
has atti-acted attention as the prison of Napoleon
Bonaparte, Since that time every thing has been
arranged with a primary view to his aecure custo
dy ; a governor has been appointed, whose princi-
ptd office ia to watch over his illustrious captive ;
suid coramissioners have, witfa the ssime view, been
sent by the other allied powers to reside there.
The acceas sdlowed to India ships has also been
limited, in order to prevent sray dsrager Which
might arise from the intercoui-se of strsragers, St,
Helena is 104 miles long, by 6J broad, and about
28 in circumference. It presents to the sea,
throughout its whole circuit, nothing but an im
mense wsdl of perpendicular rock, from 600 to
1,200 feet high, like a casUe in the midat of Uie
ocean, Ita aapect ia still more bleak and dreary
than that of Ascension, In the interior, however,
are a number of fertile and beautiful vallies. The
loftiest eminence, csdled Diana's peak, situated
nearly in the centre of tfae island, is 2,700 feet
above the level of the sea. There are only four
openings in the great wall of rock which surround.'

S A I

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651

the ialand, by which it can be approached with
facility, Theae are strongly fortified. The cli
mate of 9t Helena is temperate and agreeable.
In the course of a year the therraoraeter at Plan
tation faouse varied only from 61 to 73 degrees.
Governor Beatson estimates that there are in tho
islsind 6,000 acres covered wiUi soil, of wfaicfa be
tween 2,000 aud 3,000 are fit (or the plough. In
1809, the island contained 1,811 sheep, and 2,887
goats, Tfae advantage of St Helena as a place
of refreshment ia confined exclusively to the re
turning East India sfaips. Ships going out to India
cannot make St Helena, Lon, 5° 4ff W, Lat 15°
ffS, St. Helena, isl. off the coast of S, C, 13 miles
long suid 3 broad. Between the island aud the
mainland ia St Helena sound. Lon. 80° 36' W.
Lat. 32° 2ff N,
St. Helena, parish, Beaufort district, S, C, cora
priaing the ialanda Port royal, St Helena, and
the adjacent smaller ialanda. Fop, in 1800,
2,970. Sl. Hdena, parish, Louisiana, on the N. side
of the Ibberville, bounded E. by 3t. Tammany
parish. St. Helena, p-t. St. Helena pariah, Louiaiana,
St. Hden's, road, in the Englisfa channel, on tfae
N, cosist of the Isle of Wight, which serves as a
rendezvous for the Britiafa navy,
St. Helier, t and cap. of tfae ialsmd of Jersey, on
the E, aide ofthe bay of St Aubin, 4 m. E, St Au
bin. Lon. 2° 8' W. Lat 48° Sff N. Pop. 6,460.
St. Hermagenes, ial. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
152° W. Lat68°2ffN.
St. Hemin, t France, in Finiaterre, 4 ra. S. W.
Carfaaix. St. Hilaire, t Frsmce, 7 ra. S. E. Paris.
St. Hilaire, t France, in Cfaannel, 9 m, S. E.
Mortain. St. Hilaire, t Frsmce, in Aude, 6 m, N, E, Li
moux, 9 S, Carcassonne,
St. Hubert, t. Netfaerlands, 40 m, S, E. Namur.
Pop, 1,300, Lon, 6° 27' E, Lat 50° 1' N,
St. Hyaeinthe, seigniory, Ricfaelieu co. Lower
Canada, 23 ra, E, Montreal,
St. Hypalite, t, FrEmce, in Aveiron, 24 m, N,
Rhodez, St. Hypelite, t France, in Doubs, 4 m, N, E,
Besangon. Lon, 6° Sff E, Lat 47° 19' N. Pop.
5,000, St. Hypalite, t France, in Gard, 34 ra, W, N,W,
Niraes, Lon. 3" Sff E. Lat 43° 58' N. Pop.
5,100. St. Hypalite, t France, in Upper Rhine, 9 m.
N. Colmar. Pop. 1,700.
St. Ja, or St. Ya, or St. Agatha, t Piedmont, on
the Naviglio, 18 ra, E. Ivrea, Lon, 8° ff E, Lat
45° 22' N,
St. Jacques, t France, in North Coasts, 14 ra,
N. W. St Brieuc,
St. Jago de Veragua, t Mexico, and cap. of Ve
ragua, 1 10 ra. S, W, Porto Bello. Lon. 81° 4ff W.
Lat 8° 4ff N.
St. Jogo, city and cap. of Chili, situated in a
beautiful plain, on tfae S. afaore of the river Ma
pocho. It containa a royal univeraity, cathedral,
mint, and other public buildings, and has an ex
tensive coramerce. Its port is Valparaiso, 75 m,
S,E, Valparaiso, Lon,76°4ffW. Lat 33° SO'S,
Pop, 46,000.
St. Jago, one of the largest of the Cape de Verd
ialanda. It ia about 60 milea in circumference,
fertile and w?ll cultivated. The chief towns are

St Jago and Praya, Lon, 23° 4ff W, Lat 15°
4'N, St. Jago, s-p, and once the cap, of the island of
St Jago, and of all the Cape de Verd Islands, and
aee of a bishop. The trade and aeat of govem
raent are now tranaferred to Porto Praya, 7 m, to
the N. E, and St Jago is almost deserted,
St. Jogo, t, Cuba, near the S. coast, with a
good harbour. It is the aee of a biahop, Lon, 75°
32' W, Lat 20° IffN,
St. Jago de Compostella. See Compostella,
St. Jogo del Estero, t Buenoa Ayrea, on the
Dolce, 226 ra, S, Salta. Lon. 63° 5' W. Lat 27°
4ff N.
St. James, ial. with a fort, about 25 miles from
the raouth of the Gambia.
St. James, t France, iu tfae Chsinnel, 9 ra. S.
Avranches. Pop. 2,500.
St. James, parish, Charleston district, S. C. on
the S. side of the Santee, 40 m, N, N. E, Chariea-
ton, St. Janni, isl, in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of Naples, Lon- 13° 62' E, Lat 39" 59' N,
St. Jaques, or St. Jacob, v. Switzerland, 1 m, E,
Bale, St. Jean, fief, St, Maurice co. Lower Canada,
30 ra. N, W, Three-Rivers,
St. Jean d'Angdi, t France, in Lower Cha
rente, 17 m. N, Saintes, Lon, 0° 25' W. Lat 45°
Sff N, Pop, 5,400,
Sl. Jean d'Avela, t. France, iu Isere, 21 m. N,
N, W, Grenoble.
St. Jean des Baissants, t France, in Channel,
4 m. S. St. Lo.
St. Jean de Baumay, t France, in Isere, 12 m. E.
Vienne, Pop, 2,900.
St. Jean de Braye, t France, in Loiret, 3 m, E,
Orleans, St. Jean de Breuil, t. France., in Aveyron, 12 m, >
E. S. E. Mflhau, Pop. 2,150,
St. Jean de Cordonnet, t France, iu Lower
Seine, 6 m, N, W, Rouen.
St. Jean de part Joli, aeigniory, Devon co. Low
er Canada, on the S, side of tfae St Lawrence, 49
ra, N, E, Quebec.
St. Jean de Gordonnenque,- 1. France, in Gard.,
37 m. N. W. Nisraes. Pop. 3,200.
St. Jean de Losne, t France, in Cole d'Or, 15
m, S, E, Dijon, Lon, 5° 19' E, Lat, 47° ff N,
St. Jeande Luz, seaport, France, in Lower Py
reneea, 10 ra, S. W, Bayonne. Lon, 1° 35' W.
Lat 43° 23' N, Pop, 2,300,
St. Jean de Maurienne, t. Savoy, 27 m, S, E,
Charabery, Lon. 6° 16' E, Lat 45° 16' N, Pop,
2,400. t
St. Jean du Mont, t. France, in Vendee, 7 m,
W, S. W, Challans,
St. Jean Pied de Port, t. France, in Lower Py
renees, with a citadel built on a rock, which com
mands the great road over the Pyreneea, 12 m,
S,E. Bayonne, Lon, 1° Iff W, Lat 43° ffN.
Pop, 1,600,
St. Jean de Vertus, t France, in laere, 24 m, S,
S. E, Grenoble,
St. Jerom's Channel, inlet in the atraits of Mg-
¦gellan, St. Jerom's Point, cape on the coaat of PatagQ-
nia, in the atraita of Magellan,
St. Ignace, aeigniory, Quebec co. Lower Cana
da, 8 m, N, W. Quebec,
St. Ignatio, t. Paraguay, 40 m, S, E, Aasurap
tion, St. Ignatio, t Ps^aguay, 120 m, S. Assumptian,

652

S k i

St. Ildefonso, t, Spain, in Old Csiatile, containing
a royal palace, 6 m, S, Segovia, 40 N, by W, Ma
drid, Pop, 4,300,
Sf. Ildefonso' s Islands, near the S. coast of Terra
del Fuego, Lon. 73° 46' W, Lat 65" 53' S,
5/, Inigoes, p-t, St, Marys co. Md,
St. Joachim, parish, in Cote de Beaupre seign
iory,' Lower Canada, on the St, Lawrence, 22 m,
N, E, Quebec,
St. Joao, or Angra, r. Africa, wfaich runs into
the Atiantic, in lat,.l° N.
St. Joao de Monte, t Portugal, in Beira, 12 m.
W, S, W, St, Viseu.
St. Joao de Pesqueira, t Portugal, in Beira, on
the Duero, 21 lii, E, S, E, Lamego. Lon. 7° 1' W,
Lat, 41° 1' N, .
^^Sl. Joao del Rey, t Brazil, in Minaa Geraes, 80
m- S,"W- Villarica,
^SkJob, t. Hungary, 24 m. S. E. Debreczin.
^St. John, one of tfae Virgin islands, in the W.
Indies, 12 leagues E. Porto Rico. Lon. 64° 32'
W. Lat 18" 7*N.
St. John, seaport on the W. coast of the ialand
of Antigua, Lon, 62° 4' W; Lat 17° 4' N,
St. John, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
sea, Lat 31° 20' S,
St. John, r. Africa, whicfa runs into the Atlan
tic, lat 19° 2ff N,
St. John, ial, in the Pacific ocean, Lon. 153°
50' E, Lat 4° S,
S/.' John, cape, the E, point of Staten island,
Lon. 64° 7' W, Lat, 54° 46' N.
St. John, aeaport on the S, E. cosist ofthe island
of Tinos. Lon. 25° 16' E, Lat 37° 32' N,
St. John, or Prince Edward's Island, isl, in the
gulf of St, Lawrence, to the W, of the island of
Cape Breton, and N, of Nova Scotia, about 100
miles long, and 30 in its mean breadth. It for
raerly belonged to tfae French. Charlotte'a Town
is the capital, Lon, 63° W, Lat 46° 20' N, Pop,
5,000, St. John, or FOrt St. John, t and fort, Canada,
o'h the W, aide of the river Chamblcei 20 ra, S, E.
Montreal, Lat 45" 19' N, The British naval
force on lake Charaplain had ita principal atation
here during the late war,
St. Johns, r. whicfa riaea in Maine, a Uttie north
of Cheanncook lake, and after passing tfarougfa 3
great Isikes, runs north-eaat for sorae distance,
and then turning to the south-east enters New
Brunswick, and emptiea into the bay of Fundy,
With the exception of two short portages, il ia
navigable for boats frora its mouth to its source, a
distance of more than 300 miles,
St. Johns, CO, New Brunswick, on the bay of
Fundy, ¦ St.John's, city, New Brunswick, althe mouth of
the river St. Johns. It is on elevated ground,
handsomely laid out, and contains 5 churches, 1
each for Episcopalians, Scotch, Methodista, Bap
tists, and Roman CathoUca ; and a city hall. The
tidea riae here at timea more than 30 feet, and the
harbor ia open for navigation throughout the year.
St. John's, the capital of Newfoundland, is on
the S, E, coaat of the island. In 1815, it contain
ed about 12,000 inhabitanta. In February 1816,
a dreadful fire destroyed 117 houses. In Novem
ber 1817, two still raore dreadful conflagrations
laid waste nearly the whole of the town. Not less
than half a million sterling of property was de
stroyed in a few hours. Lat 47"-35' N,
St. John's, r, the principal river of East Flori-

SAI
da. Its sources have not been exactly aacertained,
but are supposed to be between lat, 26° and 27° N.
It runs north parallel with the Atlantic coast, ex
panding into several lakes, particularly lake
George, which is 20 railes long and 15 wide, and
erabosoras several islanda. Within 20 railes of ita
raouth, the river turns to the east, and falls into
tfae AUantic, near lat, 30° N. 36 ra. S, St Mary's,
Its whole length ia about 300 milea, and it ia nav
igable for veaaels which can paaa tfae bar at ita
mouth, for 150 miles, to lake George, The bar
has 9 feet of water at low tide, and there is good
anchorage outside of the bar for large vessels. —
Tfae lands on tfais river are very fertile, and nu
merous aettleraents extend along its banks,
St. Johns, r. Misaouri, wfaicfa flowa into the S.
side of the Misaouri, E, of Gaaconade river.
St.John's Cope, cape, Ireland, on the N, coast
of the bay of Donegal, 14 m. W. Donegal, Lon,
8" 20' W, Lat, 54" 34' N,
St. John's Lake, take of Canada, 108 m. N, N,
W. Quebec, Lon. 72° 25' W. Lat, 48° 25' N,
St. John's, r. which runs into the St Lawrence,
in lon. 64° Iff W. Lat. 50° 2ff N.
St. Johnsburg, p-t Caledonia co. Vt 31 m, N,E
MontpeUer, Pop. 1,330.
St. Johnstown, t Ireland, 6 ra. N, E. Longford.
St. Johnstown, t. Ireland, 6 m. S. S. W. London
derry. St. Jorge, I. Brazfl, on the coast Lon, 22° 4^
W, Lat 14" 45' S.
St. Josef, t Cuba, 125 ra. W, S, W. Havanna.
St. Josef, t Csilifornia, 45 ra. S. Loreto. Lon.
109"4ff W. Lat 23" 4'N.
St. Josef, ist in tfae Atlantic, near tfae coast of
Patagonia, Lat. 44" 30' S.
St. Josef, t. New Mexico, on the Bravo, 27 m.
N. W. Santa Fe.
Si. Joseph, t Africa, in Galara, ou tfae Senegal,
10 m. E. S. E. Galam.
St. Joseph, seigniory, Buckingham and Dor
chester counties. Lower Canada^ on Chaudiere
river, S3 m. S. E. Quebec.
St. Josephs, isl. in the strsiits of St. Mary's
which connect lake Superior with lake Huron. It
is about 75 miles in circumference, and is separa
ted by a channel from Drumraond'a ialand at the
mouth of the river. On tfae S. point ofthe island
is the aite of a Britiafa fort destroyed during the
late war, and near it an establishunent of the N.
W. fur corapany.
St. Joseph's, r. Indiana, which joins the St Ma
ry's, al Fort Wayne, to forra Mauraee river.
St. .loseph's, r. iMichigan Territory, which rises
near the sources of Maumee river, and flows into
lake Michigan, near its S. exfreraity. It greaUy
facilitates the trade between Detroit and Chicago.
St. Joseph, t Florida, in a bay of the guff of
Mexico, to which il givea nsune, Lon, 85° 34' W,
Lat29"4ff N,
St, Jouan de VIsle, t. France, in North coasts,
24 m. S. St, Malo. Lon. 2° 28' W. Lat. 48° 12' N,
St. Jose, I. Brazil, on the Tapajos, 45 m. S.
Pauxis, St. Jose, t. Brazil, in Minas Geraes, 80 m. S, W.
Villarica. St. Jose, t. Brazil, in Goyas, 75 m, E, N. E,
Villa Boa,
St. Isabella, t Brazil, 180 m, N. E, St, Salvador,
Lat, 1 1" Iff S,
St. Juan, seaport, Guatimala, in Nicaragua, 30
m, S, E. Leon, Lon, 87" Sff W, Lat 12" Iff N.

S A I
• St. Juan, t Eaat Florida, 12 m, N. St Mark,
St. Juan Batista, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon,
149° W, Lat 26° S,
St. Juan de Buenavista, t Cuba, ou the N, coaat,
Lon, 77° 57' W, Lat 22° 2' N,
St. Juan de los Remedios, t. Cubsi, on the N,
coast Lon, 79° II' W. Lat 22° SO' N,
Sl, Juan de Porto Rico, t, and cap, of the ialand
of Porto Rico, on the N, cosiat of the island, with
a good harbor, defended by a citadel, Lon, 66°
20' W, Lat 18" SffN,
St. Juan d'Ulua, isl, in the gulf of Mexico, at
the mouth of the river Vera Cruz, Here is a for
tress to defend the entrance into the harbor of Ve
ra Cruz,
St. Ives, seaport aud borough, England, in Corn
wall, It sends 2 membera to parliament, 22 m,
N, W, FalmouUi, 276 W, S, W, London, Lon, 6°
2ff W, Lat, 50" 14' N, Pop, 4,078,
St. Ives, t. Eng, in Huntingdonshire, on the
Ouse, 7 ra, E. Huntingdon, 59 N, London, Lat,
62" IT N, Pop, 2,426,
St. Julia de Groscopau, t. France, in Upper Ga
ronne, 21 m. E. S. E, Toulouse,
St. Julien's Bay, a large bay on the E, coast of
Patagonia. Lat 49" 10' S.
St. Julien, t. France, 9 ra. N. N. E. Dijon.
St. Julien du So'uU, t. France, in Yonne, 10 ra.
S. Sens.
St. Julien de Vauvantcs, t. France, SO ra, N, N,
E. Nantes,
St. Junien, t. France, iu Upper Vienne, 15 ra.
W. Limogea. Lon.0"69'E. Lat 45" 63' N. Pop.
6',000, St. J'ust, t England, in Cornwall, 7 m. W. Pen
zance. St. Just, t. France, in Oiae, 9 ra. N. Clerraont.
St. Just, t. France, in Aveyron, 6 m, S, S. E,
Sauveterre, St. Justin, t France, in Landes, 12 ra. N, E,
Pont de Marsan,
St. Kiffi, ial. in the Grecian arcfaipelago. Lon.
34°lff E. Lat38°4ffN.
St. Kilda, isl. of tfae Hebrides, whicfa gives
narae to a group. It is 3 miles long and 2 broad.
60 ra. W. S. W. Harris, 15 W. N. W. the north
point of South Uist Lon. 8° Iff W. Lat 55" 48'
N. Pop. in 1818, 108.
St. Kinosa, ial. in the Grecian archipelago. Lon.
25"S4'E. Lat 36° 53' N.
St. Kilts. See St. Christopher.
St. Lombrecht, t. Bavarian province of the
Rhine, near Neuatadt. Pop. 1,000.
St. Laurence, ial. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Russia, Lon. 188" 18' E, Lat, 63° 48' N,
St. Laurent, t. France, 7 m. N. Rouen.
St. Laurent sur Othain, t. France, in Meuse, 12
m, N, Eatain.
St. Laurent de la Salanque, t. France, in East
Pyreneea, 7 m, N. E, Perpignan,
St. Lawrence, c. one of the largest rivers of N,
America, which riaea near the sources of the Mis
aissippi, and passing througfa the great lakes Supe
rior, Huron, Erie, and Ontario, falls into the
gulf of St, Lawrence by a mouth 90 miles wide.
In different parts of its course it is knowq by dif
ferent namea. From the sea to Montreal it is call
ed the St Lawrence ; from Montreal to Kingston,
the Cataraqui or Iroquois ; between lake Ontario
and lake Erie, Niagara river ; between lake Erie
and lake St Clair, the Detroit ; between lake St,
Clair and lake Huron, the river St Clair; be
tween lake Huron and lake Superior, the straits

S A I

653

of st, Mary, forming thus an uninterrupted con
nection for 2,000 railes, II is navigable for sfaips
of the line 400 railes, lo Quebec, and for ships
drawing 14 feet water to Montreal, 680 mfles, '
St. Lawrence, Gulf of, a gulf at tfae raouth of
the river St, Lawrence, inclosed between New
foundland, Labrador, Canada, New Brunswick,
Nova Scotia, and the island of Cape Breton, It
ia 350 railea long and 150 broad, Lon, 67° to 65°
W, Lat 47" 51' N,
St. Lawrence, co, N, Y, Pop, 7,894, Chief
town, Ogdenaburg,
St. Lazaro, t. New Mexico, 50 m, S, Santa Fe.
St. Leger, t. Frsince, in Seine-and-Oiae, 15 m.
N, W. Dourdan, 24 S, W, Paria,
St. Leger surd' Heune,t. Frsmce, in Saone-and-
Loire, 9 m, N, W, Chalons aur Saone,
St. Leo,t. Italy, in tfae Popedom, 12 m. N, N, W,
Urbino, Lon, 10° 2ff Lat, 43° 5ff N, U ia tfae aee
ofa bisfaop,
St. Leonard, t. France, in Upper Vienne, 10 m.
E. Liraoges. Pop, 4,800, Lon. 1° 34' E, Lat 46°
6ff N,
St. Leonards, p-t, Calvert co. Md.
St. Leone, I. Sicily, 6 ra. S. E. Girgenti.
St. Leonbard, t. Austrian lllyrisi, on tfae river
Lavant, 104 ra, W, S, W, Vienna, Lon, 14° 27'
E, Lat, 46° 5ff N,
St. Leven' s Paint, cape on tfae S, W, coast of
England, near tfae Land's End, Lon, 5° 41 W,
Lat 50° 4'N,
St. Liebault, t, France, in Aube, 9 m, W,
Troyea, St. Lizier, t. France, in Arriege, 2 ra, N, St,
Girons, Lon, 1° IS' E, Lat. 43° N, Pop, 1,100,
St. Llorens, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 9 m, N, Sol
sona, St. La, t. France, dep, of the Channel, on the
Vire, Si posts E, Coutances, Lon, 1° 1' W, Lat.
49° 7'N. Pop. 7,000,
St. Lorenzo, t. Parsiguay, 270 m, S, E, Assump
tion, S/, -Lo/iero, t Naplea, in Principato Ultra, 15 m
E. N, E. Benevento, -
St. Loubes, t. France, in Gironde, 12 ra, N, E,
Bourdeaux. Pop, 2,400.
St. Louis, isl. at the mouth ofthe river Senegal,
onthe W, coastof Africa, occupied by the French.
Lon. 16" ff W. Lat 16" N.
St. Louis, s-p. on tfae S. coast of Hispaniola,
220 m, W, St Domingo, Lon, 74° 19' W, Lat 18°
16' N. ,
St. Louis, seigniory, Huntingdon co. Lower
Canada, onthe S, sideof tfae St. Lawrence, 8 ra. S.
Montreal. *
St. Louis, CO, Missouri, on the S, side ofthe riv
er Missouri, at its junction with the Mississippi,
St. Louis, p-t. and cap, St, Louis co, Missouri,
stands on tfae W. side ofthe Mississippi, 18 ra, be-
lowtfae mouth oftfaeMissouri,35below the mouth of
tfae IlUnois, 200 above the mouth of tfae Ohio, 1,200
above New Orieans, 50 N. N, W. Kaskaskia, 18 S.
W. Edwardsville. The bank ofthe river ascends
gradually from the landing to the rear of tfae town,
where it terminates in a plain whicfa extends for
15 miles around, and consists of a stratum of rich
alluvial soil, bottomed on limestone rock. The
¦houses are principally builton three parallel streets,
which extend more than 2 miles along the river,
and rise each above the other.
No inland town in the world is more advanta
geously situated fOr comraerce than St. Louis. It
ia near the point where several of the largeat riv-

S A I

SAI

ers in America unite their watera. It is the nat
ural depot for tfae vast and fertile regiona watered
by the Miaaouri, tfae Upper Mississippi, tfae Illi
noia, and tfaeir numeroua tributariea, rivera which
traverae the continent ter thouaands of railes in va
rious directions, and along whose banks the tide
of population is now roUing with unexampled
rapidity. Measures have already been taken by
the government of the U. States to divert the fur
trade of the north-west regions and tfae Upper
Miasouri, which has been heretofore engrossed by
British tradera, and carried on through tfae lakea
and Montreal, into ita natural channels, the Mis
sisippi and Missouri, and wfaenever it ia accom-
pUafaed, St. Louia will be the centre of thia profit-
ahle commerce. Intercourse by steam-boats is
now constantly maintained with the towns on the
Ohio and Misaiaaippi, particularly with New Or
leans. Sl. Louis containa a court-houae, jail, museura,
tfaeatre, land-office, 2 banks, 3 faousea of public
worahip, 1 brewery, 2 distilleries, and several
mills srad raanufacturing establiahmenta. The
town is now in a state of very rapid improvement
Pop. in 1816, 2,000 ; in 1820, 4,698. Lat 38" 36'
N. Lon. 89° Sff W.
St. Louis, r. N. W. Territory, wfaicfa flows into
the W. end of Lake Superior. It is ISO yards wide
at ita raouth.
St. Louis bay. See Shieldsborough,
St. Louis de Maranham. See Maranham.
St. Louis, (Loke of) a lake of Cansida, at the
junction ofthe Ottawa and tfae St. Lawrence.
St. Loup, t. France, in Two Sevres, 9 ra. N. N.
E. Partenay. Pop. 1,650.
St. Loup, t France, in Upper Saone, 6 ra. N.
W. LuxeuU. Pop. 1,900.
St. Lucar de Barromeda, a-p, Spain, in SeviUe,
at the raouth of tfae Guadalquivir, with a good
harbour, but diflicult of acceas. In the road a
wfaole fleet may lie witfa aafety. It is the key of
SeviUe, The chief trade is in salt, 13 m. N, Ca
diz, 34 S. S, W, SeviUe, Lon, 6" 27' W, Lat 36°
45' N, Pop, 16,000.
St. Lucar de Guadiana, fortified t Spain, iu Se-
¦ville, on tfae Guadiana, 64 m, W, Seville, Lon,
7°2ffW, Lat37°30'N, Pop. 2,800.
St. Lucar la Mayor, t. Spain, 10 m, W, Seville,
St. Lucas, Cope, the S. point of the peninaula of
California, Lat 24° Sff N,
St. Luce, a cluster of araall ialanda in tfae Indian
sea, near the E, coast of Madagascar, Lon, 47°
40' E, Lat 24° Sff S.
St. Lucia, t Sicily, 7 m, N, Messina,
St. Lucia, one of the Cape Verd islands, Lon,
24° SO' W, Lat 16°4ffN,
St. Lucia, t'Buenos Ayres, 140 m. N, Santa Fe,
Sl. Lucia, I. Brasil, in Goyas, on the Tocantins,
290 m, N, N. E, ViUaboa, Lat. 12" 20' S.
St. Lucia, t Buenos Ayres, on the Parana, 110
m. S. Corrientes.
St. Lucia, t. Peru, 50 ra, S, E. Arequipa,
St. Lucid, t Quito, 35 m- N, N, W, Guaya
quil, St. Luciensteig, a narrow pasa from the country
ofthe Grisons in Germany, 3 ra, N, Meyenfeld,
St. Lucio, I. Tuacany, 14 ra. E, S, E, Leghorn,
St. Luis, t Buenoa Ayrea, 130 m, S, W. Cordo
va, Lon. 67" 12' W, Lat, 32° 10' S,
St. Luis de Maranon. See St. Felipe.
St. Luis de Potosi, city, Mexico, in the midst of
rich gold mines, 190 m, N, N,W. Mexico, Lou,
103° ffW. Lat. 22° 25'N.

St. Luis de Zacatecas, t. MexiOo, cap, of Zaba-
tecaa, and aee of abiahop, 240) ra, N, N, W, Mex
ico, Lon, 103° 46' W, Lat 22° 5ff N,
St. Lys, t, France, in Upper Garonne, 12 m. S
E, Toulouse, Pop, 1,200,
St. Macaire, t, France, iu Gironde, on the Ga.
ronne, 24 m, S, E, Bourdeaux, Pop, 1,800, •
St. Marearius,(Desert of,) in Egypt, 50 m,N.N.'
W, Cairo,
St. Maixent, t France, in Two Sevres, 22 m-
W, S, W, Poitiera. Lon, 0° 7' W, Lat 46° 25' N-
It faaa manu&cturea of cotton caps and stockings.
Pop, 5,000,
St. Maxima, ial, of Ruasia, in the Frozen sea,
Lon, 133° 34' E, Lsit 71° 20' N,
St. Mak, s-p, France, in Ille-and- Vilaine, on
the island of Arron, joined to the continent by a
mole, at the head of which is a strong fort. The
harbour ia large, and weU frequented, 45 m. N,
Rennea, 226 W, Paria, Lou, 1° 56' W, Lat 48*
Sff N, Pop. 10,000.
St. Momel, t France, in Gard, 9 m. N. W.
Nismes. St. Monde, isl, in the Engliah channel, nearthe
coast of France. Lon. 2° 69' W. Lat 48° 51' N.
St. Marcel, t France, in Indre, 13m. S. S.W,
Chateauroux St. Marcel, t France, in Ardeche, 24 m, S, Pri-
vaa, 4 N. St Esprit
St. Marcel, t. France, in Saone-and-Loire, 3 m,
S, E, Chalons.
St. Marcel, t. France, 6 m. E. Msuseflles.
St. MarceUin, t. France, in Lofre, 9 m, S, S, E,
Montbrison, 10 W, N, W, St. Etienne, Pop.
1,500, Sl. MarceUin, t. France, in Isere, IS m, N, E,
Romans, 30 S. E, Vienne. Lon. 5° 27' E, Lat 45°
ffN, Pop, 3,100,
St. Marco, cape on the W. cosist of Sardinia
Lat 39° 52' N,
St. Marco, cape on the S, coast of SicUy, _ Lon,
13" S'E,
St. Marco, t. Naples, in Otranto, 5 m, N. Lecce.
St. Marco, t Naples, 12 m. N, N, E, Bene
vento, St. Marca, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, 8 m,
W. N, W, Bisignano, It is the see of a bishop.
Pop, 7,200,
St. Marco, t. Sicily, in the valley of Demona, 15
m. W.Patti. Pop, 3,000.
St. Marco, small island near the coast of Isfria
Lon. 13° 5ff E, Lat 44° 4' N,
St. Morcauf, two islanda in the EngUah channel,
about 7 ra. S. E. La Hogue. Lon. 1° 4' W, Lat
49°SI'N, St. Morga, isl, of Hungary, in the Danube, 10
m, S, Buda,
St. Margaret, r. Canada, which runs into the
Saguen'^y, in lon, 69° Sff W, Lat 48° 20' N.
St. MorgareVs Boy, bay in the EngUsh chan
nel, on the coast of Kent, 5 m, N. N. E. Dover.
St. Marguerite Island, isl. in the Mediterranean,
nesir the coaat of France. Lon. 7° 7' E. Lat 48°
31' N.
St. Marguerite, seigniory, St. Maurice co. Low
er Canada, ou Uie St, Lawrence, It contains the
town of Three-Rivera,
St. Maria, Cape, tfae S, point of Portugal, ia an
island in lon, 7° 47' W, lat 36° 55' N.
St. Maria, t. Naples, 37 m. W, Naples,
St. Maria, s-p, Sardinism states, inthe gulf of
Spezza, Lon, 9° 42'E, Lat 44° ffN.

S A I
St. Maria, smaU isl, near the coaat of ChiU,
lat37°lff S,
St. Maria, t, Mexico, 32 m, S, St Luia de Po
tosi, St. Maria, Cape, at the W, extremity of the isl
and of Hiapaniola,
St. Maria la Gorta, isl, in the Pacific ocean,
Lon, 149° W. Lat 27" 6ff N.
Sl. Maria di Leuca, t Naplea, iu Otranto, on the
sea coast, 18 m. S. Otranto.
St. Maria de Iguasu,t. Paraguay, .200 m. E. As
sumption. St. Mario de Darien, t. S. Araerica, cap. ofDa
rien, on a river whicfa runa into tfae bay of Pa-
oama. Lon. 78" W. Lat. 8° 4' N.
St. Maria del Gracia, t. Tuscany, 31 ra. E. Flo
rence. St. Marie, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 2 m,
W. Qleron.
. Sl. Marie, aeigniory, St. Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on tfae St Lawrence, 21 m, N. E, Three-
Rivers, 5/, JIfarie, seigniory, Buckingham and Dorches
ter coa. Lower Canada, on the Chaudiere, 25 ra, S,
Quebec, St. Marie de la Mer, t. France, in Esistern Py
reneea, near the coast, 9 m, E, N, E, Perpig-
nsin, St. Marie aux Mines, t, France, in Upper Rhine,
9 ra. E. St, Diey, Here are manufacturea of cot
ton and linen. Pop, 4,000.
St. Maries, (La,) t France, in the Mouths-of-
the-Rhone, 16 m. S. -Aries. Lon. 6° 31' E. Lat
43° 27' N.
St. Maries, r. Rlinois, which runs into the E.
side ofthe Wabash, 18 m. above Vincennes,
St. Marinha, t. Portugal, 20 m, S, E, Oporto,
St. Marina, a small but independent repubUc in
the N, E, of Italy, aurrounded on all aidea by tfae
Papal dominions. It consists only of a raountain
2,000 feet in height, witfa a small tract lying along
its base ; tfae extent of the whole not exceeding 40
square miles* Pop, 7,000,
St. Marino, the capital of tfae above republic,
stands on the side ofthe raountain,aud faas 5 churcfa
es, 3 convents, and 3 small castles, 12 m, S, W,
Rimini. Lon, 12° 24' E, Lat, 42° Sff N, Pop,
6,000, St. Mark, t. Hispaniola, in a bay on the W,
coast, 41 ra. N. W. Portau Prince, 63 S. W. Cape
Francois. Lon. 72° 42' W. Lat 19° 18' N,
St. Mark's r. which rises in Georgia, and pasS-
-iu^ into Florida, meets the sea in Appalachy bay,
St. Mars, t France, in Indre-and-Loire, 9 ra,
W- Tours,
St. Martha, s-p, cap, of a province of the same
name, in New Grenada, with a fine harbour, 100
m. N, E- Carthagena, Lon. 74° 8' W. Lat 11°
.30' N.
St. Martha, province. New Grenada, bounded
on the N. by the Spanish Main, E, by Rio de la
Hacha, S. by Ssrata Fe, and W. by CarthageUa.
St. Martin, t. FrEmce, 1 ra, E, Boulogne,
Stff/Hortin, t. Mexico, 95 m, N, W, Zaqatecas.
, St. Martin, t. Spain, in Aaturia, 44 m. W. Ovi
edo. Sl. Martin, t. Spain, in Old Castfle, ou the Due
ro, 42 m. S. S. W. Burgos.
St. Martin, one of the Scflly iatanda, Lon, 6°
WW. Lat 50° N.
St. Martin, ial, in the W. Indies, about 5 leagues
long and 4 broad, chiefly valuable for its aalt pits.
Lon. 62" 55' W. Lat 18° 6' .N,

S A I

655

St. Martin, t Cuba, 130 m. S. W, Havannah.
St. Martyn, ial. in the Pacific ocean, near tfae
coast of Peru, Latll"S.
St. Martin d'Auxigny, t, France, in Cher, 6 m.
N. Bourgea.
St. Martin d'Auxy, t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 12 m, S. W. Chalons sur SaoUe.
St. Martin Le Beaux, t France, in Indre-srad-
Loire, 9 m. E. S. E. Tours,
St. Martin de BeUeville, t. ,Savoy, 6 m, S,-Mons-
tier, 32 S, E, Chambery,
St. Martin en Bresse, t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, 7 m, E, N, E. Chalons sur Saone, 4 S. Ver
dun sur Saone, Pop. 1,400,
St. Martin, t. France, in Isere, 21 m, S, Gre
noble. St. Martin d'Eurioge, t. France, in Isere, 5 m.
S, E. Grenoble, Pop, 1,800,
St. MarHn de Ri, t. Franoe, in Lower Cha
rente, on tfae N, coast of the Isle of Re, strongly
fortified, 9 m, W, N. W. La RocheUe. Lon. 1"
Sff W, Lat 46" 12' N, Pop, 3,000.
St. Martin de Tournon, t France, in Indre, 7 m.
N. W. Le Blanc en Berry, 16 S. S. W. ChatiUou
sur Indre, Pop. 1,300,
Sl. Martin de Valkmas, t France, in Ardeche,
21 ra, S, W, Tournon, 16 N, W. Privas, Pop,
2,100. St. Martinho, t Portugal, in Beirs^ 6 m, N, W.
Lamego, St. Martina, t Piedmont, 17 m, S, E, Acosta.
Pop, 2,000,
St. Martina, t, Naplea, in Calabria Ultra, 5 m-
N, W, Oppido,
5/, Martins, t, St, Johns co. New Brunawick,
on the bay of Fundy.
St. Martins, p-t. Worceater co. Md.
St. Martinsville, p-l, Atlacapas district, Louis-
ians^ ou tfae Teche, 9 ra. by land above New Ibe
ria, Its public buildings are a court-house and
jail, market-house, an acaderay, and a CathoUc
churcfa, St. Mary, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the N.
W. coastof Borneo. Lon. 114° SO' E. Lat. 6"
SffN. St. Mary, isl. in the Indian aea, near the E. coast
of Madagaacar. Lon. 50°'S0' E. Lat 16° 40' S.
St. Mary, or Botes Island, isl. near the E. coast
of Eng. 6 m. N, N, W. TyneraouUi, Lon, 1° II
W, Lat, 55° 6' N,
St. Mary, r. Indiana, which runs into the Wa
bash, 18 m. above Vincennes.
St. Mary, one ofthe Azore islands. Lon, 26° 6'
W-, Lat, 37° N,
St. Mary's, co. Md, bounded N, by Calvert co.
E, by Chesapeake bay, S, by the Potomac, and
W. by Charles co. Pop, 12,794, including 6,000
alavea, Chieftown, Leonardsto-wn.
St. Mary's, r. whicfa forras the boundary be
tween Georgia and Florida. Its principal oi
nortfaern brancfa rises on tfae bordera of Okefono
CO swarap. During the last 70 railea the courae of
the river ia' S, E, and it falla into the Atlantic be
tween Cumberland and Amelia ialanda. It has
21 feet water on tfae bar al faigh water, and is nav
igable for vessels drawing 14 feet for more than
70 mflea.
St. Mary's, p-t. and port of entry, Camden co.
Geo, oh the N. side of St Mary's river, 9 mflea
above ita raouth. The harbor is safe, and vessels
drawing 21 feet water lie at the wharves of the
town, Sf , Mary'a is regarded by mflitary mfu a?

656

S A 1

S A I

the key of Florida, It is 36 mfles N. of tfae iut>uth
of St, John'a river, and is the neareat market for
the produce of the country on its banka. It ia
connected with Darien by an eaay intand naviga
tion of 70 milea. Araount of sfaipping in 1816,
498 tons, 80 m, by land S, Darien, 150 S, Savan-
nafa, Lon, 81° 40' W, Lat, 30° 4ff N, Pop, 800.
St. Mary's, r. wfaich rises in Ohio in the aame
tract of country wfaere tfae Miami of the Ohio
and the branches of the Wabaah take their riae,
and after a northerly course of about 70 railea,
joina tfae Sl. Joaepfa'a, at Fort Wayne in Indiana,
to forra Mauraee river. Il is navigable with boats,
althe times of faigh water, in its whole extent, 170
miles. There is a short portage frora its head to
Loramie's creek, a branch of the Miarai.
St. Mary's, i. or straits, about 80 or 90 miles
long, which connect lake Superior witfa lake Hu
ron. Tfae fall or Sault de St. Marie ia near the
head of the strait, in N. lat. 46° 31', 15 m. from lake
Superior, and 90 N. W.of the ialand of Mackinac.
Tfae river faere descends 22 feet 10 inches in 900
yards, and cannot be ascended at any season with
targe vessels, but csmoes and bargea are towed up
along the bank without mucfa difficulty or danger.
On tfae Canada side, at tfae foot of tfae rapids, is an
eatabUahment of the North- weat company. Onthe
American sfaore there is a village conlEuning 15
or 20 buildings, and occupied by 5 or 6 French
and English families, and there was formerly a
French fort within half a raile of the rapids. 'The
Indians are drawn hither in great numbers by the
advantages for taking tfae white-fisfa, wfaich are so
abundant at the foot of the rapids, that a skflful
fisherman will take 500 in two hours. — As a mili
tary and trading-post, the position of ihe Sault de
St. Marie is of the first importance, being at the
head of ahip navigation on the great lakes, and
the grand thorougfafare of Indian communication
for tfae upper countries, as far as tfae Arctic circle,
all the fur trade of the north-west being compel
led to pass through it. The government of the
U. States have resolved to occupy this post, and in
June 1820, obtained from the Chippeway Indians,
the ceaaion of a tract of land 4 miles square, com
mencing at the Sault, and extending 2 miles up
and the same distance down the river, witfa a
depth of 4 miles, including the p^tage, and tfae
site of the village and old fort, but reserving to
the Indiana the rigfat of fisfaing at the falls. Tfae
landa on the banks of the river St Msiry are very
fertile. St. Mary's Bay, bay on the S. coast of New
foundland. Lon. 54" 2ff W. Lat. 57° N.
St. Mary's Islands, cluster of smaU islands, in
tfae gulf of St. Lawrence, near the S. coast of
Labrador. Lon. 60° W. Lat. 50° 2ff N.
St. Mary's Keys, rocks on the S. coast of New
foundland. Loh, 53° 55' W, Lat. 46° 47' N.
St. Mary's Key, isl, in the gulf of Mexico, near
the ooast of Florida, Lon, 89° 12' W, Lat 30°
11' N.
St. Mary's River, r. Nova Scotia, which runs
into the sea, iu lon. 61° W, lat, 44° ff N,
St. Mareano, t. Naples, in Ofranto, 12 m, S, Ta
rento, St. Matheo, t. Spain, in Valencia, J3 ra, N, W,
Peniscola. Pop, 2,000,
Sl. Matica, t Rusaia, on the gnlf of Finland, 20
m. N, E, Revel.
St.Mattheia, id. in tfae Pacific oceetn. Lon,
177° 10' E, Lat, 60° 20' N.

St. Matthew, isl, in the. Atiantic, occupied by
tfae Portuguese, Lon, 13° W, Lat 1° 4ff S,
St. Matthew, ial, in the Indian sea, near the coast
of Siam, Lon, 97° 52' E, Lat 9° Sff N,
St. Matthias, isl. in the E, Indian aea, 90 milea
in circumference, Lon, 144° 30' E, Lat 1° 50' S,
St. Mour, t. France, 6 m. S, E, Paria,
St. Moura, (an. Le-ucadia,) ial, in the Ionian aea,
on the west coaat of Greece, a few milea N, of
Cephalonia, about 50 milea in circumference. It
producea great plenty of game, wine, oil, citrons,
pomegranatea, silmonds, and other fruita, and sea
salt is made here in abundance. It ia one of the
seven islanda conatituting the Ionian repubUc,
The inhabitanta are Greeks, suWect to a biahop,
Lon. 20° 39' E. Lat 39° 4'N. Pop. 20,000. St
Maura, the capital, ia a fortified town, with a good
harbor. Pop. 6,000.
St. Maure, t France, in Aube, 3 m. N. Troyes,
St. Maure, t. France, in Indre-and-Loire, 18 m.
S. Tours, '
St. Maurice, or Si. Morizen, t. Switzerland, in
tfae Valaia, 35 m. E, Geneva. Lon,'6° 62 E, Lat,
46° Iff N.
St. Maurice, r. Lower Csmada, wfaich flows into
the N, aide ofthe St Lawrence, by three channels,
which give name to the town of Three-Rivers, on
its west bank,
St. Maurice, co. Lower Canadsi, ou the N, aide
of tfae St, Lawrence, between WaiTwick and
Hampafaire countiea. Chief town, Three-Rivers.
St. Mourke, aeigniory, St Maurice co. Lower
Canada, on the river St. Maurice, 6 m. N. W.
Three-Rivers. St. Maurice, t. Frsmce, iu Isere, 24 m. S. Gre
noble. St. Mouriu, t, Frsmce, in Lot-and-Garonne, 14
m. E, Agen. Pop. 1,800.
St. Maura, t Naples, in Basflicata, 22 m. S. £,
Acerenza. Pop. 2,800.
St. Maura, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, 3 m. W.
S. W. Rossano.
St. Mowes, borough t England, in Cornwall,'
on a neck of land opposite Falnaouth.
St. Maximin, t France, in Var, 20 m. N. Ton-
Ion, Lon. 5° 5ff E, Lat 43° 2ff N, Pop, 3,300.
St. Maximin, t France, in Isere, 18 m. N, N, E.
Grenoble. St. Meen, t Frsmce, in Ille-srad-Vilaine, 9 m,
W. Montfort Pop. 1,400.
St.Menas, isl. in the Grecism archipelago, 6
miles in circumference. Lon- 26" 30' E. Lat 37°
33' N.
St. Menehould, t, Frsince, in Msu-ne, ¦with manu
factures of lace, serge, and Unen; 45 m. E. S. E.
Rheims. Pop. 3,400.
Si. Menoux, t. France, iu AUier, 7 m. W. Mou
lins. St. Mexias, r, Africa, which runs into the At
lantic, lat. I" 10' S,
St. Michael, v. Tyi-ol, on. the Adige, 7 m.N,
Trent. St.Mkhael, t. Italy, on the Tartaro, 20 m.E.
Mantua. g^
St. Michael, isl, in the English cliaunel. Lion.
4" 32' W, Lat, 50° 18' N.
St. Micliad, borough t, England, in Cornwall, &
ra. N. E, Truro, 249 W. S. W. London. Lon. 4"
52' W. Lat. 52° 22' N. Pop. 178,
St. Mic/iad, t Italy, 12 rii, S. W. Mantua.
Sl. Michael, or San Miguel, island iu the AUan
tic, and the largest of the Azores, about 60 mile*

S A I
hx circumference. The island was formerly vis
ited with earthquakea, and the eruptiona of volca
noes. Boiling springs are found in some parts of
the ialand. "The town of Punta del Gada, where
the trade of the island is concentrated, is in lon,
25° 42' W. Lat 37° 47' N, Pop, about 90,000-
St.Midiael, aeigniory, Hertford co. Lower Can
ada, on the S. aide of the St. Lawrence, 14 m, E,
Quebec, Pop. 1,700,
St. Michaels, p-t, l-^lbot co, Md.
St. Michaels, p-t. Washington oo, Miaaouri, 30
m. S. W. St, Genevieve,
St. Michaek Boy, bay of Nova Scotia, on the
W. coaat of the bay of Fundy.
St.MiehaeVs Bay, bay on the E. coaat of Lab
rador, Lon. 55° 4ff W, Lat, 52° 5ff N.
St. Michad's Mount, a hill in the Engliah chan
nel, near the coast of Cornwall, surrounded by
the sea at spring tidea, 4 ra, ii. Penzance, Lon,
5"20' W. Lat 50° 8'N.
Si. Michael, Gulf of, bay on tfae coast of South
America, on the S. E. part of the gulf of Panama,
St. Michel, isl, in the gulf of Venice, near the
city of Venice,
St. Michel, t Itsdy, 14 ra, N. W, Verona,
St. Miguel, t Guatiraala, 50 ra. E. Cuzcatian.
Sl. Miguel, t New Grenada, 85 m. E. Santa Fe
de Bogota
St. Miguel, t. Paraguay, 360 ra. E. Assumption.
St. Miguel, t. Nicsu-agua, on the N. W. cosist of
Amapalla bay, 10 m. S. E. Leon. Lon. 88° 56'
W. Lat 13° 35' N.
St. Miguel, t. Quit<^ 60 m. S, W, Quito.
St. Miguel, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, in lat 10° 8' S,
Sl. Miguel, t. Brazil, 15 m, E. St. Paul,
St. Miguel, t New Mexico, 60 m. S. Santa Fe,
, St. Migud de Ribera, t Peru, 62 m, W, S, W.
Arequipa, St. Migud de Tucuman, t, Buenoa Ayrea, in
Tucuman, It ia the aee of a bishop, and in the
vicinity are several ailver mines, 760 ra, N, N,
W. Buenos Ayres, Lon, 66° Sff W, Lat 27°
25' S,
St. Mihid, t France, in Meuse, on tfae Meuse,
20 m, S, Verdun, Lon, 6° 37' E, Lat 48° 54' N,
St. Miniato, t Tuscany, on tfae Amo, th,e see
of a biahop, 20 m, W, Florence, 24 N, E, Leghorn,
Lon, 10°4ff E, Lat, 43° 44' N.
St. Mirano, isl, in the Pacific ocesui, Lon, 190°
34' E, Lat 62° 35' N,
St. Manance, t Scotland, in Fife co, 9 ra. S, St,
Andrews, with a harbour on the frith of Forth.
St. Morits, or St. Marizza, t Switz. in Grisona,
contsiining a faraous mineral apring, 25 m, N, N.
E, Chiavenna,
St. Nazaire, t. France, in Var, 3 m, W, Tou
lon, St. NeaVs, t Eng, in Huntingdon co, on the
Ouse, 9 m, S, S. W. Huntingdon, 55 N, London.
Lon. 0° 16' W. Lat 62° 1 1'N. Pop. 1,988.
Sl. NeoVs, t. Eng, in Cornwall, 7 m, E. Bodmin,
228 W, London, Pop, 1,041,
St. Njcandro, t, Naples, in Capitanata, 6 ra. E,
Lesina, Pop, 7,000,
St. Nicholas, one of the Cape Verd islands,
iMn. 24° 15' W, Lat 16° 28' N, Pop, about
6,000. St. Nicholas, Cape, the N, W. extremity of His
paniola, Lon, 73" 27' W, Lat 19° 51' N,
. St. Nicholas, r, Africa, which runa into the At
lantic, in lat, 13° 50' S,
83

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657

St. Nicholas, r, Africa, which runsinto the At'-
lantic, in lat, 4° 40' N,
St. Nicola, t Austria, on the Danube, 3 m, E.
N, E, Grein,
¦ St, Nicolas, t Paraguay, 230 ra, S. E, Assump
tion. St. Nicolas, t. Mexico, 130 m. N, W. Durango.
St. Nicolas, t. Netherlands, in Flandera, 12 m«
S. W. Antwerp, 15 E. Ghent. Pop. 1 1,500.
, St, Nicolas, t Switz. 12 ra. N. N. E. Berne.
St. Nicolas, t on tfae N. W. coast of Hispaniola,
in a bay formed by Cape St Nicholas, wfaicfa af
fords an exceUent harbor. Lon. 72° 25' W. Lat.
I9°6ff N.
St. Nicolas de la Grave, t France, in Tarn-and-
Garonne, 15 ra. W. Montauban. Pop. 2,300.
St. Nicolas de Redan, t France, in Lower Loire,
1 ra, S. Redon, 15 N, W, Blain,
St. Ntcolo, a-p. on the N. W. coaat ofthe ialand
of Santorin. Lat 36" 32' N.
St. Nicola, isl. in the Grecian Arcfaipelago,
near the coast of NatoUa. Lon, 27" Iff E, Lat 37°
2ffN, St. Ninian, t. Scotland, in Stirlingshire, 2 m, S.
Sterling, St. Olallo, t Spain, 18 ra, N, W, Toledp,
St. Oluf, t. Sweden, 23 ra, S. Christianstadt
St. Omer, city, France, in Strsiita of Csilais, on
the Aa, and atrongly fortified. Here is a college
for the catholic clergy of England and Ireland,
with a library of 20,000 volumes, 24 m. S, E.
Calais, 160 N, Paris, Lon, 2" 15' E, Lat, 50° 4ff
N, Pop, 20,000.
St. Oswald, V. Eng. in Northumberland, 4 nr,
N. Hexham,
St. Ouen, t. France, 4 m. N, Paria.
St. Ours, seigniory, Richelieu co. Lower Can
ada, on the S, aide ofthe St, Lawrence, 30 m, N.
E. Montreal.
St. Pablo, r. Florida, which runa into the
St. John. Lon. 81° Sff W. Lat 30° 34' N.
St. Palais, t France, in Morbihanj on tfae isl
and of Belleiale, with a harbour and caatle. Pop.
2,500. St. Palais, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, on
the Bidouze, SO m. W. Pau, 21 S. E. Bayonne.
Lon. 0° 50' W. Lat 43° Iff N. Pop. 1,000.
St. Paolo, ial. near the coast of Naples, in the
guWofTarentS. Lon. 17° ff E. Lat 40° 42'N.
St. Pantaleo, t. Sardinia, 16 ra. N. CagUari.
St. Papoul, t France, in Aude, 15 ra, W, N.
W, Carcassonne. Lon. 2° 7' E, Lat, 43° 20' N,
St. Pardoux, t France, in Two Sevres, 5 m, S,
S, W. Partenay,
St. PaterM, t. France, in Morbihan, 6 ra, S, W,
Vannes. St. Patrick, t. Charlotte co, New-Bruuswick,
on Passamaquoddy bay,
St. Patrick's, small isl, in the Irish aes4 near
the E. coaat of Ireland, ' Lon, 6° ff W. Lat 53°
36'N, St. Patrick's Bridge, a chain of rocks nesu- the
S. coast of Ireland, extending from the coast of
Wexford to the Saltee Islands. Lon. 6° 37' W.
Lat, 52° 10' N,
St. Patrick's Purgatory, small isl, Ireland^ in
Lough Derg.
St. Pau, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 12 m, N. W,
Gerona. St. Paul, t France, in Upper Vienne, 9 m. S.
E. Limoges, Pop. 1,500,
St.Paul, t. France, in Tarn,- 9 ro. N, W, La
Caune.

658

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St. Paul, a government of Brazil, to the west of
Rio Janeiro.
St. Paul, t. New Mexico, at the conflux of the
two main branchea ofthe Bravo.
St. Poul, t Brazil, cap, of the government of
the same name. The neighbourhood forraerly
abounded with gold mines, wfaicfa are now ex
hausted. Pop, 20,000, 190 m, W, Rio Janeiro,
Lon, 46° 5ff W, Lat, 23° 30' S,
St. Paul, t, of the island of Malta, 6 m, N, W,
Malta, Sti Poul, isl, in the Indian sea, Lou, 61° 3' E,
Lat 37° 61' S,
St. Paid, ial, iu the gulfof St, Lawrence, 9 m.
N, E. the N, cape of the ialand of Cape Breton.
Lon. 60° 2' W. Lat. 47° Iff N.
St. Paul, r. Guinea, wfaicfa runs into the At
lantic, 6 m, N. Cape Meaurada.
St. Poul de Fenouilhoc, t France, in Eaat Py
renees, 18 m, W, N, W, Perpignan, Pop, 1,300,
St. Paid en Jarest, -t, France, in Rhone and
Loire, 18 m, S, S, W, Lyona,
St. Paul de Jarrat, t, France, in Arriege, 4 m,
N. N, E. Taraacon;
St. Paul Trois Chateaux, t France, in Drome,
12 m, S, Montelimart IS N, Orange, Pop,
2,100, St. PauVs, parish, Charleston disfrict, S, C, 18
m, W. Charleston,
St. PouVs Boy, bay on tfae N, W. coast of New
foundland. Lon. 67°6ffW. Lat 49° 50' N.
St. Poulien, t France, in Upper Loire, 6 m. N.
N.W.LePuy. St. Pasanne, t France, in Lower Lofre, 12 m.
S. W. Nantes,
St, Pecaque, t. Mexico, 45 ra, N. Compostella,
Lon, 101° Sff W, Lat 22° N,
St. Pedro, i. Africa, on the Ivory coast, which
runa into the Atiantic, Lon, 6° 50' W, Lat 4°
Sff N,
St. Pedro, t Venezuela, on the S. coaat of Lake
Maracaybo. 100 m. S, Maracaybo,
St. Pedro, ial, in the Pacific ocean, near the
cdaat of Terra Firma, Lat 4" 2' N,
St. Pedro, one of tfae Marquia of Mendoza's ial
ands, Lon, 138" Sff E, Lat 9° 65' S.
St. Pedro,t. Florida, 44 ra, E, S, E, St, Mark,
St. Pedro, and St. Pabk, r. Mexico, wfaicfa runs
into the gulf of Mexico, in lon, 97° Sff W. lat, 20°
SffN, St. Pellegrino, seaport, Coraica, 21 ra, S, E,
Bastia, Lon, 9° SffE, Lat 42° 2ff N,
St. Peray, t. France, in Ardecfae, on tfae Rhone,
opposite Valence,
St. Peter and St. Paul, seaport on the S, E,
coast of Kamtchatka, Lon, 158°4ffE, Lat 54° N.
St. Peter le Port, or Port St. Pierre, t Eng, on
the S, E, part of tfae ialand of Guernaey, defended
by two castiea, Lon, 2° 34' W. Lat 49° Iff N.
St. Peter's Harbour, a bay on the N, coaat of
the ialand of St, John, in the gulf of Sl, Lawrence,
Lon, 62° 2ff W, Lat, 46° 25' N,
St. Peter's Paint, cape on the W, coaat of Dom-
iniea, Lon, 61° 30' W, Lat, 15° Sff N,
St. Pder's Haven, a fasirbour on the E, coast of
Labrador, Lat 56" 31' N,
St. Peter's, lake. Lower Canada, an expansion
ofthe river St Lawrence, 20 railes long, and 10
wide, which coraraences a few milea below the
town of Sorel,
St. Peter's, r, a weatern branch of the Miaais
sippi, wfaich joins it about 9 milea below the fsdls

S A t
of St Anthony, in lat 44° N, after a S, E, course
of aeveral hundred mflea. It flowa through the
cenfre ofthe territoriea of the Sioux Indiana, the
moat powerful Indian tribe iu N, America, and ia
na-rigable for raore than 200 mflea. The lands on
ita banka are very fertile. On a high bluff, at
the junction of this river with the Missiaaippi, u
fort haa been recently erected by the U, Stales,
See St. Anthony's FaUs.
St. Peters, pariah, Beaufort district, S, C, on
Savannah river,
St. Philip, V. Monroe co. Illinoia, on the Mis
siaaippi, 45 ra, below Cahokia.
St. Philip's Island, ial. in the Atisratic ocean,
Lon, 13° 2ff E. Lat 12" 22' S.
St Pierre, t. France, in the straits of Calais, 20
m. N. E. Boulogne. Pop. 2,700.
St. Pierre, isL in the Indian sea. Lon. 55° 15' E.
Lat 9° ff S.
St. Pierre, isl. in the E. Indian sea, nearthe W.
coaat of Borneo. Lon. 109° ff E. Lat 1° 54' N.
Sl. Pierre. See St, Peters,
St. Pierre, amall isl. near tfae coaat of Newfound
land. Lon. 56° 37' W, Lat 46° SO' N.
St. Pierre, a-p, srad centre of coramerce of the
island of Martinico, in a bay on the W. coaat-
Lon, 61° Iff W, Lat, 14° 43' N,
St. Pierre V Eglise, t France, iu Channel, 5 m.
W. Barfleur, 8 E, Cherburg, Pop, 2,000.
St. Pierre U Moutia; t France, in Nievre, 12
m.S. Nevers. Lon.4°E. Lat 46° 47' N. Pop.
2,000. St. Pierreville, t France, in Ardeche, 7 m, N.
W, Privaa. Pop. 1,500.
St. Pietro, (sm. Hieracum,) ial. 7 m, frranthe S,
coaat of Sardinisi, IS mfles long, aud 3 broad, Lon,
8° 24' E, Lat 39° Iff N,
St. Pietro, isl, nesu-the cosist of Naples, in the
gulf of Tarento, Lon, 17° ffE, Lat 40° 43' N.
St. Pietro Galatina, t. Naples, in Otranto, 6ni.
E, Nardo, 22 W, Otranto.
St. Pol, t France, in Straits of Calais, 22 m, N,
W, Arras, Lon,2"2ffE, Lat SO" 22' K. Pop,
3,000, St. Polde Leon, t France, in Finiaterre, 34 m,
N. E. Breat Lon, 3° 54' W, Lat 48° 40* N, Fop.
5,400, St. Polten, or St. Hypolyte, t Auafria, on Uie
Trasen, 26 m, W, Vienna. Lon. 15° 36' E. Lat
48" 12' N.
St. Pons de Thomieres, t France, in Herault,
48 m. W. Montpellier, Lon, 2° 51' E.,Lat 43°29
N, Pop, 4,700,
Sl Pourcain, t France, in AUier, 16 m, S.
Moulins. Pop. 3,000.
St. Prasseda, t. Itsdy, 12 m. N. E. Rome.
St. Pres, or St. Prex, t. Swite. on Uie N. coast
of the lalce of Geneva, 8 m, S. W. Lausanne,
St. Priest, t Fi-Euice, 6 ra. S, E, Lyons.
St. Prix, I. France, 10 m. N. Paris.
St. Quentin, t Frsince, in Aisne, on the Somme,
with manufactures of thread, linen, cambric,
lawn, gauze, and cottons. 22 ra. S, Cambray, 45
S, Amiens, Lon, 3° 43' E, Lat 49° 61' N, Pop.
11,000, St. Quentin, t, France, in Isere, 10 m, N, W.
Grenoble, Pop. 1,300,
St. Rafael, t. Caraccas, 40 m, S, Caraccas,
St. Rafael, t S, Araerica, in Moxes, 210 m, E,
Santa Cruz de la Sierra La Nueva,
St. Rambert de Joux, t France, in Ain, 16 m.
S, S, E. Bourg-en Bresse, 27 N. E, Lyons, Lon.,
3" 31' E, Lat, 45° 57' N, Pop, r —

SAI

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6.59

vfl, Rambert sur Loire, t, France, in Rhone-and-
Loire, 7 m, N. W, St, Etienne, Pop, 2,400,
St. Raphael, cape at tfae E. end ofthe ialand of
Hispaniola, Lon, 69° ff W, Lat 19° 16' N,
Sl. Regis, r. N. Y, which is formed by nume
rous streams, aud runs into tfae St Lawrence a
Uttie above 45° N, lat, in Canada,
St. Regis, t, Franklin co. N. Y, on the St Law
rence, at tfae raouth of St, Regia river,
St. Regis, Indian village, on the river St, Law-,
rence, 'The boundary Une between the U, S, and
' Lower Canada psiaaes through this village,
St. Remi, t. Piedmont, at the foot of Mount St
Bernard, 9 m, N. Aosta.
St. Remo, s-p, Genoa, with a good harbour in
the Mediterranean, 23 m, N, E, Nice, Lon, 7° 46'
E, Lat 43° 47' N,
St. Remy, t France, in Mouths-of-the-Rhone,
7 m. E, Tarascon, 9 S, Avignon, Lon. 4° 55' E.
Lat 43° 47' N,
St. Renan, t, France, in Finisterre, 6 m, N, W,
Brest Pop, 900,
St. Reverein, t France, in Nievre, 21 m, N. E,
Nevers, St. R^/ne, t, France, 27 m, W, N. W. Dijon.
St. Ricquier, t France, in Somme, 6 m. N. E.
AbbeviUe. Pop. 1,300.
St. Roche des Annais, seigniory, Devon co.
Lower Canada, on the S. side of the St. Law
rence, 56 ra. N. E. Quebec.
St. Remain, t. France, in Low,^^ Seine, 12 ra.
E. by N. Havre de Grace.
Sl Romain, t. France, 15 m, S, S. W. Lyons,
SL Romano, t Italy, 18 m, S. W, Modena-
8l Rosa, t New Grenada, 30 m, S, W. Santa
Fe de Bogota,
SL Rosa, isl, in thegulf of Mexico, near the S,
coast of W. Florida, 36 miles tong. Lon, 86° 50'
W, Lat 30° 26'N.
SL Rosa Bay, bay in the gulfofMexico, on the
S. coast of W, Florida, Lon, 86° ff to 86" 32' W.
Lat. 30° 33'N,
SL Rose, t Canada, 12 m, N. W. Montreal.
Sl Saba, v. Paleatine, 18 ra. S. E. Jeruaalem.
St. Sacrament, t. Buenos Ayrea, on the left bank
of the La Plata, opposite Buenos Ayrea, 90 m. W.
Monte Video.
SL Sadurni, t Spain, in Csitalonia, 13 ra. W,
N, W. Barcelona.
St Sacn, t France, 16 ra, N, N, E. Rouen,
St. Salvador de Jujui, city, Buenoa Ayrea, 174
m. N, St Jago del Eatero, Lon, 66° 2' W, Lat
23°ffS. St. Salvador, or Civdad de Bahia, city, Brazil,
¦at the entrance of All Ssunta' bay : the see of an
archbishop. It contains raany religious housea,
and a large smd magnificent college. It is large,
rich, and well buflt ; but the principal part of tfae
city stands on an eminence 400 feet in height,
which makea it npceasary to have recourse to
cranes and otfaer macfainea for conveying tfae
gooda frora tfae city to the port. The town ia well
defended, and with a sraall expense might be ren
dered impregnable, tfae eaat aide being almost in
accessible, and tfae reat well fortified botfa by na
ture and art The upper town ia adorned with
aeveral splendid structures, particularly the ca
thedral, the palace of the governor, and that of
the arcfabishop, and the courts of justice, hos
pitals, ond other public edificea. The commerce
ef the town ia very extensive. The population is
¦variausly estimated from 70,000 to 130,000, and ia

compoaed of whites, Indians, mulattoes, and ne
groes, Lou, 39° 30' W, Lat 12° 4ff S,
SL Salvador, or Banza SL Salvador, city, Afri
ca, cap, of Congo, about 150 miles from the aea,
upon a high mountain. It haa 12 churcfaes, be
aidea the catfaedral, whicfa is built with stone. Pop,
about 40,000, of whom 4,000 are whites, Lon, 14°
32' E, Lat, 5" 4ff S.
St. Salvador, or Cuzcatian, t. Guatimala, 140
m, E, S, E, Guatiraala, Lon, 90" ff W, Lat,
14° N.
St. Somuela, isl, in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 190'
34' E, Lat 62" Sff N.
St. Sophorin, t Switzerland, on the N. coast of
tfae lake of Geneva, 3 m. W, Vevay.
St. Savin, t. France, in Gironde, 18 m. N. Bour
deaux. St. Sauslieu, t France, 7 m. S. Amiens.
SL Scamegne, t. Naples, 12 m, N, N, E, Capua,
St. Sebastian, t Spain, in Guipuacoa, at the
mouth ofthe Gururaea, The harbour ia well de
fended, srad the town is surrounded with walls.
A conaiderable trside ia carried on in this place,
particularly in iron, ateel, and wool, 22 ra,W.
S, W, Bayonne, 33 N, N. W, Pampeluna. Lon, 2°
4'W, Lat 43° 10' N,
St. Sebastian, fort, Africa, on the Gold coaat,
St. Sebastian. See Janeiro, Ria de.
Sl Sebastian, isl. near the coast of Brazfl, Lat
23° 45' S,
Sl Sebastian, t. S, America, at the entrance of
tfae gulf of Darien, 140 m. S. S. W. Cartfaagena,
Lon, 76° 4ff W. Lat 8° IffN,
SL Secondo, I. Italy, 10 ra. N, N, W. Parraa,
St. Serff, or St. Servolo, v. Austrian States, 6 m.
E. Trieste.
SL Sever, I. France, in Landes, 9 m. S. S. W.
Mont de Maraan, 12 E. Tartas. Lon. 0° 30' W.
Lat 43° 4ff N.
St. Severina, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, tfae
see of an arcfabisfaop, 93 ra. N. E. Reggio. Lon.
14° 47' E, Lat 39° 6'N.
SL Severino, t Popedora, 30 ra, S. S. W. Anco
na, 83 N, N, E, Rome, Lon. 13° 18' E, Lat 43°
10' N.
St. Seviero, or St. Severio, t. Naples, in Capi
tanata: tfae see of a bishop, '77 ra, N, E, Naples,
Lon, 15° 64' E. Lat, 41° 44' N,
St. Simons, isl. off the coast of Georgisi, al the
moulfa of tfae Alataraafaa, 15 miles long, and from
2 to 4 broad. Tfae northern part is separated by
a sraall creek frora the main island, and called
Little St. Simons, Between Little Simons and
Egg island, the southern branch of the Alatamaha
coramunicatle with tfae ocean. The island is sep
arated from the main Ismd by a navigable river,
which communicatea with the Alatamaha, and
flowa into St, Simon's sound. Frederica stands
on tfaia river on tfae west aide of tfae ialand, Ita
harbour ia aafe and deep, and being aurrounded
witfa foreata of tiraber, ia well adapted for ship
building, Frederica was built hy Gen, Ogle
thorpe, in 1734, The fortress is constructed of
tabby, and of such durable materials that it atill
remains, Lon, 80° W, Lat, 31° Iff N,
SL Sorlin, t. France, in Saone and Loire, 4 m,
N, W, Macon, 6 S, S, E, Cluny,
SL Stefana, ial, near the S, coast of Sardinia,
Lon, 9° 42' E, Lat, 39° Iff N,
SL Stephens, t Charlotte co, New-Brunswick,
on tfae river St, Croix,
SL Stephens, parish, Charleston district, S, C,

660

SAI,

,*

50 m. N, W, Charleston, Pine'trflle aeademy is in
this parish,
SL Stephens, p-t, and cap, Washington co, Ala
bama, onthe W, side ofthe Tombigbee, 80 mfles
by land above Mobile, 120 by water ; 250 8, by
W, Huntsville, The river is navigable to tiiis
place for veasels drawing 4 feet waler, A steam
boat plies between St, Stephens and New Orleans.
Here are an acaderay, with two instructors, and
60 or 70 students; a printing oflice, and 250
houses. Pop, in 1819, 1,000,
St. Sulpice, seigniory, Leinster co. Lower Can
ada, on the N, aide of the St, Lawrence, 24 m, N,
E, Monfreal, >
SL Susanna, or Sir William Draper's Island,
ial, in the Mergui Archipelago, near the cosiat of
Siam, Lat 10° 32' N.
SL Susannt, t. France, in Mayenne, 16 m, E,
Laval, Lon.O" 16' W. Lat 48" 6' N.
SL Tammany, p-t. Mecklenburg co, Va. on the
N. side ofthe Roanoke, 42 ra. from H-Alifax, N. C.
SL Tammany, pariah, Louiaiana, lying on the
W. side of Pearl river.
St. Teadoro, isl. near the N. coast of Candy, 8
m. N. W, Canea,
St. Theodosia, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
192° E. Lat 62°2ff N,
Si. Theoffry, t France, in laere, 12 m, S. Gren
oble, SL Thierry, t, France, iu Mame, 4 m, N, W,
Reima. St. Thomas, the principal ofthe Virgin islanda,
in the W, Indiea, about 18 mflea- in circumfer
ence, belonging to the Danea, It abounda with
potatoes, augar, and tobacco. It has a safe and
commodious harbour, and the trade is very con
siderable. In March 1801, it was taken by the
Britisfa. Lon, 64° 5ff W, Lat 18" 22' N,
SL Thomas, isl, in the Atlantic, about SO mflea
in circumference, near the coast of Guinea, on
the equinoxial line. The cliraate is hot, moist,
and unwholesome, especially lo Europeans. Rice,
millet, vines ofthe richest kind, melons, cucum
bers, figs, and ginger, are reared in the utmost
perfection, with little labour or expense. The
ecclesisisticsd government ia in the handa of the
biahop, who ia a suffragan lo the archbishop of
Lisbon, Lon. 6° 25' E.
St. Thomas, t. Hind, on the coast of Coroman
del, 3 m, S. iVIadras,
St. Thomas, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Cana
da, on the S, side ofthe Sl. Lawrence, 34 ra. N. E,
Quebec, St. Thomas, parish, Charleston district, S, C.
SL Thomas, t Cuba, 30 m, W, S, W. Havan
nah. St. Tomas, ial, in the Pacific ocean, near the
coaat of Mexico. Lat 20° Iff N,
St. Tomas de Castile, t Mexico, in Vera Paz,
at the raoutfa ofthe river Guanacoa, 50 ra, E, Ve
ra Paz, Lon, 90° 2ff W, Lat, 15° 46' N,.
SL Tita, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon, 190" 14'
E, Lat 63° 51' N,
St. Trevier de Courtoux, t France, in .Mn, 6 m,
E, N, E, Pont de Vaux, Lon, 5° Iff E, Lat, 46°
2ffN, SL Tran, t, Netherlands, 14 m, N, W, Liege, 18
E, S. E. Louvain, Lon, 5° 1 6' E, Lat, 60° 40' N,
Pop, 5,801.
St. Tropes, s-p, franco, in Var, on a bay of the
Mediterranean, S2'M, N. E. Toulon,
SL Vaast, t, France, in Channel, with a.smaU
harbour, 13 m. E, S, E, Cherburg,'

SAL
SL Valery, seaport, France, in Somme, on the
Somme, 9 ra, N, W, AbbeviUe, Lou, T W E,
Lat 50° 37' N,
SL Valery en Caux, t, France, in Lower Seine,
11 m, S, W, Dieppe. Lon. 0° 47' ^, Lat 49°
62' N,
SL Vallier, aeigniofy, Hertford co. Lower Can
ada, on the S, aide of the St Lawrence, 18 m.E.
Quebec. S/. Ubes, See Stetuval.
SL Veit, or St. Veit am Pstaum. See Fiume.
SL Veit, t. Austrian States, in the kingdom of
Illyria, on the Glan, 8 m, N, Clagenfurt, 16 S.
Muhrau, Lon. 14° 6' E. Lat 46° 47' N, Pop.
6,000. SL Veil, t. Austria, S m, W, Vienna.
SL Venant, t France, in the Straits of Ca
lais, on the Lys, 6 m, N. N, W. Bethune, 6 E.
Aire, St. Vincent, one of the Cape Verd Islanda, about
30 miles in circumference. In the N. VV, partof
the island is a bay, whicfa is deemed the safejt
harbour in allthe Cape Verd Islsrads. Lon, 25°
W, Lat 16° 60' N.
St. Vincent, isl. in the West-Indies, about 40
miles long and 10 broad. It is owned by the Eng
Uah and tfae Cfaaraibes, or rather a ouxed race
descended from negroes and Charsdbea, ll con
tains about 84,000 acrea, of which 23,605 acrS
are owned by tfae British, and about as much more
by the Cfaaraibes. AU tfae remainder is thought
incapable of cultivation. Pop, I8,(X)0, of whom
1,600 are whites. Lon, 61° W. Lat 13° Iff N.
SL Vincent, Cape, the S. W, pointof Portagal
Lon. 9° ffW, Lat 37° 2'N.
St. Vincent, s-p. Brazfl, 150 m, W, Rio Janei
ro, SL Vincent's Bay, bay on tfae N. coast of Terrs
del Fuego, a little E, of Cape St Vincent
SL Via, t Italy, 3 ra, W, N. W, Verona.
SL Vit, t Netherlands, in Luxemburg, 25 m. S.
Aix-la-Chapelle, 40 N. Luxemburg. Lrai. 6° 12*
E. Lat 50° IffN.
St. Urboine, a Cistertism abbey, Swisserland, in
Lucerne, 25 ra. N. N. W. Lucerne.
St. Yriex, t France, in Upper Vienne, on the
Hie, 19 ra. S. Limoges, 30 N. E. Perigueux. Lon.
1° 1 7' E.Lat 45° Sff N,
SL Zibio, t Italy, 1 1 m. S, E, Padua.
Saima, lake, Russia, 200 miles long, which
comraunicatea through the river Vokaa with lake
Ladoga. Saintes, t France, in Lower Charente, 42 m.
S. E, La RocheUe, 84 N, Bourdeaux, Lon, 0° Sff
W. Lat. 45° 45' N. Pop. 1 0,200.
Soinlonge, before the revolution, a province of
France, now forming tfae depsurtment of the Lower
Cfaarente. Saisy, t. Frsmce, in Saone-srad-Loire, 10 m, E,
Autun, Sokan, r, Pei-sia, which runs into the gulf of
Persia, near Bender Rigk.
Safoiij-a, t Egypt, 4 m, W, ofthe Nfle, 10 S, Gi
zeh, Sakaria, r, Natolia, which runs into the Black
sea, Lon, 31° E, Lat 40" Sff N,
Sttkieh, t, Arabian Irak, 80 m, N, W. Bas
sora. Sokmonsur, t. Turkish Arraenia, 18 m. N. Er
zerum. Sol, or Salt, oue of the Cape Verd Ialands,
about 40 mfles in circumference.

SAL

SAL

661

Sal, or Sola, t. Sweden, in Westeras, near a sil
ver mine, 32 m. W. Upsal. Lon. 16° 32' E. Lat.
59° SffN. Pop. 2,000.
Sal Loke, lake, N. America, Lon, 91° Sff W,
Lat 50° 25' N,
Sal, Point, on the W, coast of N, America,
Lon, 239° 43i E. Lat 34°57»'N,
Sa/a, La, t. Piedmont, 1 1 m, W, Aosta,
Sala, t Naplea, in Principato Citra, 18 m, N.
Policastro. Pop. 6,500.
Solada, isl. in the W. Indies. Lon. 64° Iff W.
Lat 10° 58' N.
Solodillo, r. Buenos Ayres, which running S. E.
falla into the aea near the mouth of the river Plata.
Salado, r. Buenoa Ayrea, which riaes iu the An
des, in lat. 24° S. smd running S. E. joina the Pa
rana at Santa Fe, in latl 31" 40' S.
Salado, r, Cfaili, wfaicfa falla into the Pacific, in
lat 26° SffS.
Salahiah, forfress on the E. frontier of Egypt,
towards Syria.
Saloka, a harbour on the W. coast of the Red
sea. Lon. 37° 5' E, Lat. 20° 42' N.
Salamanca, province, Spsun, bordering on Por
tugal, Extent, 1,500 square railes. Pop, 210,000,
Salamanca, city, Spain, on three hills near the
river Tormes. It is surrounded by a wall, and
has 25 cfaurches, 20 raonasteries, 11 convents, and
a university. The university wsis founded in
1239, and had long a considerable reputation.
The nuraber of profeaaors at present ia 60, the
number of students between 300 and 400. Pop.
13,600. A memorable battle was fought faere be
tween tfae Britisfa under lord Wellington and tfae
French under Marmont, in July 1812. 153 m.
W. N. W. Madrid. Lon. 5° Iff W. Lat, 41°
21' N,
Salambria, (an, Peneus,) r. Greece, which dis
charges itaelif into the gulf of Salonica, through
tfae well known Vale of Tempe, 25 m, E, by N.
Lariasa, Sa/ame, ial. at tfae entrance of the- Peraian gulf,
near Cape Mussendoon, Lon, 66" 48' E, Lat 26°
20' N,
Salamis, in Sac, Geog. See Famagusta.
Saloncfie,t. Savoy, 28 m. S. E. Geneva.
Salangari, isl. in the Eaatern Seas, near the W,
coast of Gilolo. Lon. 127° 31' E. Lat 2" 15' N.
Salankemen, t. Austrian states, opposite the in
flux of tfae Theyss into the Danube, 18 m. N. W.
Belgrade. Lon. 20° Sff E. Lat 45" 10' N,
Salburg, t. Germany, on the Saal, 20 m. S. S,
W. Gera, 40 S. E. Erfurt. Lon. 11° 50 E. Lat
50°27'N. Salces, V. France, in Esiatern Pyrenees, 9 m. N.
Perpignan. Saldanha -Bay,- "bay on the S. coast of Africa.
Lon. 17° 5ff E. Lat 32° 64' S.
Saldannoj t. Spain, in Leon, 46 m. E. Leon, 38'
N. by W. Palencia. Pop. 4,000.
Salecta, s-p. Tunis, 90 m. from Tunis.
Salem, in Sac. Geog. See Jerusalem.
Salem, t. Hind. cap. of a diatrict of the aarae
narae in the Carnatic. Lon. 78" 18' E. Lat 11°
44' N.
Salem, p-t Rockinghara co, N, H, 30 ra, S, W,
portsraouth, 36 S, E. Concord, Pbp, 1,179,
Salem, t. Orleans co, Vt, on Lake Meraphraraa-
gog, 49 m, N, MontpeUer, Pop, 58,
Salem, port of entry and cap, Essex co. Mass, the
second town in New-England in coramerce,
wealth, and population, ia built on a low peninau
la, formed by two small inlets of the sea, oalled.

North and South rivera ; over the former of which
ia a bridge 1,500 feet long, connecting the town
with Beverly ; the other aeparates it from Mar
blehead, and forms the principal harbour. The
harbour ia ao shaUow that veaaels drawing more
tfaan 12 feet water muat load and unload at a dis
tance from tfae wfaarves, yet it is accessible to
ships of war into safe anchorage, as the frigate
Constitution found in the late war when pursued
by a auperior force, Tfaere are two forts for' the
defence of the harbour.
The town contains a court-houae, alraa-houae,
market-heuae, 3 banka, a museura belonging to tfae
East India Marine Society, an athenaeum contain
ing more than 5,000 volumes, an orphan asylum,
and 1 1 houaea of public worahip, 6 for Congrega
tionalists, 2 for Baptists, 1 for Episcopalians, I for
Friends, and 1 for Universalists, The streets are
crooked, and tfae faouses generally built of wood,
but many of those recently erected are hsradsorae
edifices of brick.
The coramerce of Salem is extensive. In 1816,
it was the sixth town in the U, Statea, in amount
of ahipping, the number of tona being 34,454, of
which nearly one half was employed in tfae India
trade. This trade has been prosecuted witfa great
spirit and success for raany years, and faas been a
source of mucfa wealth to the town, A aociety
corapoaed of raaatera and supercargoes of vesiels
who have sailed round the Cape of Good Hope, or
Cape Hom, was incorporated in 1801, and now
consists of about 160 merabers, A rauseura be
longs to the Society, corapoaed of curioaitiea from
all parts of tfae world, and is visited by strangers
without expense. The inhabitants of Salem are
celebrated for enterprise, induatry, and true re
publican economy. Perhaps no city in the U,
States contains so mucfa wealtfa in proportion to
the population. It is the oldest town in Masaa
chuaetts except Plymouth, having been settled in
1626, Its Indian narae was Naumkesig, 4 m. Ni
W, Marblehead, 24 S, Newburyport, 14 N, N, E,
Boaton. Lat 42" 30' N. Lon. 70° Sff W, Pop. in
1810, 12,613,
Salem, t. New London co. Ct 29 ra. S. E, Hart-
lord. Salem, p-t, Waahington co. N. Y, 18 m, S. E,
SandyhiU, 46 N. E. Albany, Pop, 2,833, The
courta ofthe county are held alternately here aud
al Sandyhfll. Salem village ia on a plain in tfae
centre of tfae town, and contains a court-house smd
jail, an academy, and 2 churches,
Salem, co. N, Jf, bounded N, by Gloucester co.
E, by Cumberland co, S. W, and W. by Delaware
river and biy. Pop, 12,791,
Salem, p-t and cap, Salera co, N. J. on Salem
creek, Si m, from ita confluence witfa Delaware
bay. The river is navigable to this place for ves
sels of 60 tons, Salera contains a court-house and
jafl, an acaderay and 4-churohes, I each for Bap
tista, Quakers, Methodists, and Episcopalians, 20
ra, N, W, Bridgetown, 37 S, W, by S, Philadel
phia. Sa/e»i, p-t, Wayne co. Pa, Pop, 316.
Salem, t. LUzerne co. Pa, Pop, 530,
Salem, t. Westmoreland co. Pa. Pop, 1,518,
Salem, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop, 407.
Salem, West, t. Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 660.
Salem, p-t Botetourt co. Va. 20 m. S. W. Fin
castle. Salem, p-t Faquier co. Va.
Salem, p-t Stokes co, N, C. on a tributary ofthe
river Yadkin, 35 m, N, E, SaUsbury, The town

m2

SAL

is buih of brick, principally on one afreet, half a
mfle in length, paved, and planted on each side
witfa trees. Here is a Moravian acaderay for
young ladies, under the care of the pastor aud 12
matrons. Pupils resort here frora all parts of the
Southern Slates, The buildinga consist of a
church which ia spacious and elegant, and 4 brick
edifices 4 atories high for tfae acaderay. They
stand in the centre of the town, on a square plsral-
ed with treea, and intersected by flne gravel walks.
Several manufactures, particularly of potter's
ware, are carried on in thia towu.
Sa/em, co. S. C. in Sumpter district. *
Salem, p-t. Salera co. S. C.
Salem, t. Baldwin co. Geo. on the W. side ofthe
Oconee, nearly opposite Milledgeville,
Sakm, p-t, Livingston co. Ken,
Salem, p-t, Ashtabuta co, Ohio, on Lake Eric,
16 ra, N, E, Jefferson,
Salem, t. Champaign co, Ohio, Pop, in 1815,
460, Sakm, p-t, Colurabiana co, Ohio, 10 m. N, W,
New Lisbon,
Sakm, t Jefferson co. Ofaio, 10 m, N, W. Steu
benviUe, Sakm, t.Meigs co, Ofaio. Pop, in 1815, 145.
Salem, t. Monroe co. Oliio, on Ohio river, 9 ra.
Woodsfield. Sakm, V. Montgoraery co, Ohio, 12 m, N. W.
Dayton. Salem, t. Muskingum co. Ohio, on the Musking
um, 10 in. N. E, Zanesville.
Sa/em^ t Tuscarawas co. Ofaio, on the Muskin
gum. Sakm, t. Washington co, Ohio, 11 ra. N. Mari
etta Sakm^ p-t and cap, Washington co. Indiana, 25
m. W. Jeffersonville, 34 N. Corydon, It ia re
cently settied, and contains about 40 housea, and
a handaorae brick court-house,
Sa/em crass roods, p-v. Westraoreland co. Pa,
' Salemi, t Sicily, 38 ra. S, W, Palerrao, Pop,
8,000. Solemio, t Syria, 100 m. S. S, E, Aleppo,
Salengore, a kingdom extending along tfae W,
cosist of the Malay peninsula, 11 is governed by a
Mahometan prince, Lon, 101° Iff E. Lat 23° 20- N,
Sakr Maler, fortress, Hind, in Kfaandeisfa, Lon,
74°15'E,Lat20°4ffN. Salerno, city, Naples, and cap, of Principato
Citra, with a good faarbour, and an university. It
is the sec of an archbishop. 28 m, E, S, E. Na
ples, Lon. 14° 35' E. Lat. 40" 4ff N, Pop,
10,000. Saleyer, or Solayr, isl, in the Eastern seas, off
theS, extremity of the island of Celebes, about 40
miles long and nearly 8 broad, Lon, 120" 55' E,
Lat5"4ff S,
Solez, or Sulclz, v. Switzerland, in Sl. Gall, on
the Rhine, 4 in. E. Sax.
Salfard, Upper, t. Montgoraery co. Pa. Pop.
838. Salfard, Lower, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop.
558. Salibaba, ial. in the Eastern seas, 8 or 10 milea
in circumference. Lon. 128° 9' E. Lat. 4° N.
Salicelto, t. Piedmont, 16 m, E. Mondovi. Pop,
3,000, Salina, or Salini, one of the Lipari islands, in
the Tuscan sea, 15 miles in oircuit. • 25 ra, N, by
W, Cape Bianco, in Sicily,
Sa/ino,.p-t. Onondaga co. N, Y, 36 m, S, S, E.

SAL
Oswego, 130 W, Albany, This town embraces
Onondaga lake and tfae principal salt springs and
salt-works of tfae State, The viUage of Salina on
the S, E, aide of the lake, contained in 1812, about
90 houaea and 80 aalt-worka. The viUage of Liv
erpool on the N, E, aide of tfae lake, -contained at
tfae sarao time aboufSO houaea and 35 salt-works.
Every gallon of water yielda from 16 to 27 ounces
of salt, beiug much stronger than any other salt-
springs in the U. Statea, The quantity manufac
tured in 1810, waa 435,840 buafaels, and it may be
increased to au unlimited extent, Salina is con
nected by a branch canal IJ miles long with the
great canal from Lake Erie to tfae Hudson,
Salina, p-t, Randolph co, IlUnois,
Saline, r. Louisiana, which flowa into the N,
side of Red river, 8 m. N. E. Natchitoches, The
aaline on this river is a valuable aalt flat, affording
an abundant supply of salt.
Saline, t. St, Genevieve co, Missouri,'
Saline, i. Louisiansi, which joins Black Lake
river, 8 m, N, E, Natchilochea.
Saline creek, r. Illinoia, wfaich runa into the
Ofaio, 20 m, below the mouth of tfae Wabash, It
is navigable 30 miles, Tfaere are salt works be
longing to tfae U. States, on thia sfream, 20 m,
above its mouth.
Salines, v. Miasouri, on the Mississippi, 4 m, be
low St Genevieve, 9 from KaskaskiEia, Here are
extenaive salt works.
Salines, Point de, or Paint Salinas, cape on the
S, coaat of Hiapaniola, Lon, 71° 4ff W, Lat 18°
ffN. Salini, one of tfae Lipsiri ialanda, 8 m, E, N, E,
Palermo. Lon. 15° ff E. Lat 38° 4ff N.
Salins, t. France, in Jura. It is weU built and
fortified. 22 m. S. B esancon. Lon. 6° 56' E. Lat
46° 57'N. Pop.. 8,200.
Salisbury, city, England, in Wiltahfre, on the
Avon, It ia tfae see of a biahop, Tfae cathedral,
which waa founded in 1219, ia tfae moat elegant
and regular Gotfaic sfructure in tfae kingdom. Its
spire is tfae tallest in England, being 410 feet
'Tfaere are 88 bells, which are hung in a steeple by
itself. It is noted for the raanufacture of bone
lace and cutiery. It sends 2 members to parlia
ment, 91 m. E- N. E. Exeter, 82 W. S. W. Lon
don. Lon. 1°47'W. Lat 61° 4'N. Pop. 8,243.
Salisbury, p-t. Hillsborough co. N. H, on the W,
side of the Merriraack, 14 m, N, W, Concord.
Pop, 1,913. It contains 2 cfaurches, 1 for Baptists,
and 1 for Congregationalists, an academy, and va
rious mills.
Salisbury, p-t. Addison co. Vt on Otter creek,
44 ra. S. W. MontpeUer. Pop. 700.
Salisbury, p-t. Essex co. Msiss. on the N. side of
the Merrimack, 4 ra. N. Newburyport, SON-N.
E. Salera. Pop, 2,047. It is divided into two
parishes, and below Uie junction of Powow riVer
with the Merrimack, there ia a fiourishing vfllage
where many vessels are built,
Salisbury, p-t, Litchfield co, Ct on the W, side
of the Housatonnuc, 47 m, N, W. Hartford, 60 ,N.
N, W, New Haven. Pop, 2,321. It contains 2
churcfaes, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for
Melhodials, Iron ore ia found in abundance in this
town, and is thought to be equal for richnessto
any in tfae United States. Here are 3 forges, 2
blast furnaces, 1 anchor and screw manufactory,
a scythe manufactory, 2 shops with hammers for
the manufacture of gun barrels, &c, a butltin
manufactory, and some smaUer manufactories.

SAL

SAL

663

Salisbury, p-t Herkimer co, N. Y, 21 m, N. E.
Utica. Pop. 1,262.
Salisbury, p-t. Orsmge co. N. Y.
Salisbury, p-t Lancaster co. Pa, Pop, 1,841,
Salisbury, t. Lehigh co. Pa, on the Lehigh, 6 m.
S, W. Bethlefaera, Pop. 933,
Salisbury, p-t Somerset co. Pa, Pop, 40,
Salisbury. See Smyma, Delaware,
Salisbury, p-t, and port of entry, Somerset co,
Md. at tfae forks of Wicomico river, 20 m, N, W,
Bnowhfll, 163 S, by W. Philadelpfaia, It containa
2 cfaurcfaea, 1 for EpiacopEdians, and 1 for Metho
dists, and about 80 houses ; and csirriee on conaid
erable trade in lumber,
SaUsbury, p-t. Rowan co. N, C, on Cane creek,
5 m, above itsjunction with the Yadkin, 34 S, W,
Salem, 120 W, Fayettevflle, It ia a flourishing
town, in a fertile country, and contains a court-
house and jail, and about 100 houses. In tfae
neighborhood of Salisbury ia a remarkable wall of
stone, below tfae aurface of tfae ground, ll is 2 feet
thick, and a pil hsis beeu sunk, by its side, 27 feet,
without reaching the bottom. Its course has been
traced between 200 and 300 feet. It is compoaed
of small irregular stones, strongly cemented, smd
preaenting sm even srad smooth aurface,
Salisbury, t. Meigs co, Ohio. Pop, in 1815, 325,
Salisbury, p-t. Wayne co. Indiana, 30 m. N.
BrookviUe, Salisbury sound, a bay on the W, cosiat of Amer
ica, Lon. 136° W, Lat 57° SO'N.
Saliseroi, t. Grand Bukharia, tfae ancient ordi
nary reaidence of tfae Kfaana of Zsigatai, 60 ra. E.
S. E. Termed.
Salla, La, t Naples, in Principato Cifra, 43 m.
£, S, E, Salerno,
SaUe, La, t. France, in Gard, 6 m. N, W, St,
Hypolile, 12 W, Alias, Pop, 2,010,
SaUe pres Vihiers, La, t France, in Maine-and-
Loire, 4 m, W. Vihiers,
Sallee, or Sale, seaport, Africa, on the Atlantic,
in the kingdom of Fez, at the mouth of the river
Sallee, waa formerly capable of receiving large
ships, but the aand has now so choked up the
entrance, that shipa of 200 tons cannot enter
it till their guna and baUaat are taken out. It is
a walled town, and has a battery whicfa commands
the road, and a redoubt which defends the en
trance of the river, 42 m, W, Mequinez, Lon.
6°40' W. LatS4°ffN.
Salleeotakit, isl. in the E. Indian aea, near the S.
W. coast of Mindanao, Lon, 121° 25' E, Lat 6°
42'N. Salient, t, Spain, in Arragon, 13 ra, N, Jaca,
Sallero, isl. in tfae North sea, near the coast of
Lapland, Lat 69° 20' N.
Sa//es, t France, in Tarn, 12 m, N. N, E, Ga
Ulac, Salles, t. France, in Gard, 6 ra, N, Alais,
Salles, t. France, in Charente, 5 m. S, Cognac,
Sallian, t. Persia, in Schirvan, on the Kur, near
the Caspian sea,
Sollies, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 8 ra. W,
OrUies, 11 N, St Palais, Pop, 6,205,
Salloor, t. Hindostan, in the Cicacole, 45 ra, W,
Cicacole. Salkorgant, fort, Hindoatan, in Cicacole, 38 m,
W. Cicacole.
Salm, t Netherlanda, in Luxemburg, 11 m. S.
S.E. Spa, 38 N. Luxemburg,
Salm, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 24 m. W, S.
W. Strasburg, 38 N. E. Epinal.

Salm, r. Germany, which runa into the MoseUe,
8 m. below Treves.
Salmais, t. Franoe, in Cote d'Or, 18 m. N. W.
Dijon. Solmansweiler, a princely abbey of Germany,
on a river which runs into tfae lake of Constance,
9 ra. N. N. E. Constance, 24 E, Schaffhausen,
Salmedina, t New Granada, 5 ra. N, Porto
Bello, Salmis, t. Ruaaia, in Vibqrg, on lake Ladoga, 28
m, N, W. Olonetz.
Solmiseh, r, Russia, which runs into tfae Sak-
marafa, 16 ra, N, Orenburg,
Salmon, r. Ct wfaich runs into Connecticut riv
er in East Haddam,
Salmon Cove, harbor in Obaervatory inlet, on
the W. coast of Araerica, Lou. 230° 21' E, Lat,
55"20'N. ¦
Salman creek, r, N, Y, which runs into the S,
end of Cayuga lake,
Salman creek, r, N, Y, which runs into lake On
tario, 4 m, N, Mexico point,
Salmon creek, r. N, Y, whicfa runs into the St
Lawrence, at Fort Covington, after a course of
about 70 railes, Il is navigable for boats 8 miles,
to French railla. About 16 railes frora its mouth
are the falls. The river which is 15 or 20-rods
wide, after a rapid course for a raile, during wfaicfa
the deacent is about SO feet, it faUs perpendicu
larly 110 feet, raaking the whole descent 140 feel.
For a raile and a half below, the banks are lofty
ivalls, raore than 100 feet higfa, generally perpen
dicular, but frequently shelving over the stream
several yards. At tfae foot of tfae falls, asdraon are
caugfat in abundance.
Salmane, in Sac. Qeog, tfae E, cape of tfae ialand
of Crete, opposite Cnidua and Rfaodea,
Salmon fall, a narae apphed to tfae Piacataqua,
frora ita source to the lower faUs at Berwick,
Salmon river, r. New Brunswick, which runs
into tfae St, Jofan, in lon. 67" 32' W. Lat 47" N.
Solmunster, t. Hesse-Cassel, in Fulda, 25 m. S,
W. Fulda. Pop. 1,000.
Solo, t. Austrian Italy, near lake Garda, 14 m,
N. E. Breacia. Pop. 5,000.
Solo, t. Finland, 26 ra. S.E. Abo.
Sa/o, t Buenoa Ayres, 100 ra. S. E. Rioja.
Sakbrenna, t. Spsiin, in Grenada, near the
coaat of the Mediterranean, with a strong castle,
4 ra. W. Motril.
Salombo, a cluster of ialands in tfae E. Indian
ocean. Lou. 113" Iff E. Lat. 5° Sff S.
Salomon Islands. See Solomon Islands.
Solon, t. France, in Moulhs-of-the-Rhone, 18
ra. W. N. W. IMx. Loa. 5° W E, Lat 43° Sff N.
Salana, I, Eu, Turkey, in Livadia, on a river
which runs into a bay ofthe gulf of Lepanto, call
ed the gulf of Salona, 22 ra. N, W, Livadia, Lon,
22°31'E, LatS8°4ffN,
Sa/ona, seaport, Dalmatia, in a small bay of the
Adriatic, 6 m, N, Spalatro, Lon, 16° 44' E, Lat.
43° 26'N,
Sakniki, seaport, Eu, Turkey, in Macedonia,
on a gulf to whicfa it gives name. It waa formerly
called Halia and Thermo; btjl Caasander building
it anew, gave it the name of hia spouse Thessalon-^
ica. Il ia admirably situated for trade, and is also
distinguished for the stalely remains of ita ancient
grandeur. The Christians here, were, in early
times, so considerable,., that St, Paul addressed
them in two epistles, 272 m. W, Constantinople,
USS E, S. E, Ragusa. Lon. 23° E, -Lat. 40° 40' -V,

664

SAL

Salop. See Shropshire.
Solopar, t Ceylon, 18 m. N. N. W. Trinkamaly,
Sokri, t Sardinia, 20 ra. W. Csigliari.
Solamay, t, France, in Saone-and-Loire, 16 m. /
N. W. Macom
Sttloun, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, on the Csis-
pian sea, 20 m. N. W. Amol.
Solowaeki, ial. in the E. Indian aea. Lon. 131°
SffE, LatS°5ffN.
Salpe, t. Naplea, in Capitanata, 23 m. S. Man
fredonia, 92 E. N. E. Naplea.
Salpha, t. Hindoatan, in Viaiapour, 20 ra. N. N.
E. Sattarafa.
SalricO, isl. inthe Pacific ocean, 40 m. W. S, W.
Cape Corrientea, Lat 20° 2'N.
Sakeda, t. Spain, in Galicia, 18 m, E. N. E,
ComposteUa, Salsos, t and fort, France, in Eaatem Pyrenees,
9,m , N, Perpignan,
' Sakelte, isl, near the W, coast of Hindostan,
about 40 leagues in circumference. It is fertile
in rice, fruit, aud sugar. This ialand was former
ly aeparated from Bombay by a narrow channel,
tout is now connected with it by a causeway. It
is, to tfae Eaat India corapany, a most deal rable ac
quisition, as tfae aetllement of Bombay possessed
no territory beyond tfae small island ou wfaich it is
situated, and depended on foreign supplies for its
subsistence, Tanna, the principal town, ia 26 ra,
N, Borabay, Lon, 72°5ff E, Lat, 19° 12'N,
Salt sea. See Dead sea.
Salto, t. Arabia, in Hedajaa, 25 m, S, Serrain,
Salta, t. Buenoa Ayres, containing 7 cfaurcfaes,
and 9,0(X) inhabitants. It is a place of great re
sort, on account of the large quantities of corn,
meal, wine, cattle, salt, raeat, fat, hides, and, oth
er comraodities, which are sent lo Peru, 50 ra. S,
St Salvador, 165 N. St. Miguel de Tucuman. Lon,
66°30'W. Lat24°4ffS.
SoUaim, lake, Russia, in Tobolsk, Lon, 72° 14'
E, -Lat 66° N,
Saltosh, aeaport, England, in CornwaU, on tfae
Tamar, 5 ra. N. W. Plyraoulfa. Lon. 4° 6' W.
Lat, 50° 24' N,
Saltcoats, seaport, Scotland, in Ayr, on the frith
of Clyde, 22 m, S. W, Glasgow, 10 N, N, W, Ayr,
Lon, 4° sr W. Lat 55° 41' N, Pop, 2,325,
Saltash. See Plymouth, Vt.
Salt Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the S. side
of the Scioto, 15 m. below ChilUcothe.
Salt creek, p-t. Muskingura co. Ohio, 9 m. S. E.
Zanesville. Salt creek, I. Wayne co. Ofaio, 9 ra. S. E. Woos
ter. Pop. in 1819, 730.
Sa// creek, t. Hocking co. Ofaio.
Salt creek, t. Pickaway co. Ofaio, 9 m. S, E, Cir
cleviUe. Saltees, 2 islands in St. George's cfaannel, near
tfae S, coast of Ireland, 10 ra. W, S, W, Camsore
point, Lon, 6° 37' W. Lat, 52" ff N,
Salten, t. Norway, 260 m. N. Drontheim.
Saltfleet, seaport, England, in Lincoln, 33 m. N,
E, Lincoln, Lat 53° 22' N,
Saltfleet, t, Lincoln co. Up, Canada, on lake On
tario, Saltholm, isl. Denmark, 6 m. S. E, Copenhagen,
L on. 12° 46' E. Lat, 65° 5ff N, -
Salthalmen, isl, Denmark, near the coast of Zea
land, Lon. 1 1° 2ff E, Lat 64° 39' N,
Soltketchers. See Combahee.
Salt river, r, Kentucky, which is chiefly formed
by the union of tfaree streams, Floyd's, Rolling,
and Beach forks, and flowa into ths Ohio, 20 m.

SAL
below Louiavflle, It ia 160 yards wide at its
mouth, and ia navigable 65 miles. On its banks
are innumerable salt licks.
Salt river, r, Missouri, which joins the Misaia
aippi, 103 m, above St, Louis, 73 above the mouth
of the Illinoia, It ia narigable 200 miles.
Salt spring, i. Indiana, whicfa runs into the
Ohio, 10 m, below the raoutfa of the Wabash,
Saltpetre creek, r. Baltiraore co. Md. which runs
into the W, aide of Gunpowder creek, 14 m. N, E.
Baltimore, Sa//o, t New Grenada, 72 m, N, N, W. Santa
Fe de Bogota, Lon, 73° 5ff W, Lat 5°15' N,
Solvadiga, isl. in tfae Grecian arcfaipelago, near
the coast of NatoUa, Lon, 26" 56' E, ' Lat 37"
ffN, Salvages, uninfaabited islsrads in tfae AUantic
ocean, lying N, of tfae Csmsuaes, They belong to
the Portugueae. Lon, 15" 54' W, Lat 30° 4' N,
Salvaignac, t. France, in Tarn, 21 m, N, N, E,
Toulouse. Salvoterra, t. Portugal, in Estremsidura, 15 m,
S. Santarem,
Salvoterra, t. Italy, 18 ra. E, Cremona.
Salvoterra do Extrema, t Portugal, in Beira, on
the borders of Spain. Lon. 6° 36' W. Lat 39°
4ffN. Saluda, r, S. C, which runs S, E, and joins
Broad river, just above Columbia, lo form the
Congaree, Solum, r. Africsi, whicfa runs into the AUantic,
in lat, 12° 45' N.
Solum, t. Tyrol, 10 m, N. Trent.
Saluzzo, t Piedmont, at the fool of the Mari
tirae Alps, near the Po- Il is a bishop's see, 20
m, S. S. W, Turin, Lon, 7" 2ff E, Lat, 44° Sff N,
Pop. 10,150.
Salwatty, ial, in the Pacific ocean, near tfae N.
W, coast of New Guinea, Lon, 131° IS' E, LaL
1° 6' S.
Salz, r. Gerraany, which runa into Werra, 2 m.
S. Salz Uflen, in the county of Lippe,
Soltdolem, t Germany, in tfae ducfay of Bruns
wick, Here su-e great salt-works, 4 m, N, E.
Wolfenbuttel, Salz der Helden, t Hanover, in Gottingen, wiUi
a aalt-work, 2 m. S, Einbeck, 8 N, Nordheim,
Sals-detfurt, t. Hanover, in Hfldesheim, -with a
salt- work, 8 ra, S. E, Hildesheim, Pop, 1,000.
Solshemmendorf, t. Hanover, witfa three salt
springs, 12 m. E. S, E. Hameen, 19 W, S, W, Hil
desheim, Sals Uflen, t Germany, in Lippe-Detmold, 11
in. N. Detmold, 14 S. W. Minden.
Saka, Great, t Prussian states, witfa two salt-
springs, 12 ra. S. Magdeburg. Lon, 12° E, Laf.
52° N.
Salza, or Satzach, r, Gerraany, whicfa runs into
the Inn, 5 ra. N. N, E, Burkliauaen,
Solsburg, city, Gerraany, formerly capital of
the arcfabishopric of the same nsune, now the chief
place in a quarter or diafrict of Lower Austria,
ia situated between three raountsuns, on the river
Salza, whicfa runs through the city. It is well for
tified. The raountain castie which atands on the
rightaide of the river, is verystrong, Amongthe
public buildings are the archbishop's palace, a ca
thedral, a university, and an -Amphitfaeafre, 68 m.
E. S, E, Munich, 140 W. S. W, Vienna, Lon, 13"
E. Lat 47" 47' N, Pop. 16,300,
Salzburg, forraerly an archbishopric and princi
pality of Germany, of wfaicfa the city of Ssdzburg
was the capital, KX) mfles long from E. to W, and

SAM

SAM

665

S4 from N, to S, It now forras part of the Salz
burg qusirter in Lower Austria.
Salskotten, or Soltkott, t. Prussian states, in
Westphalia, 6 m, S, W, Paderbom, 10 E, S, E,
Lippatatt Lon, 8° 22' E. Lat 51° SffN, Pop,
1,100, Salslieben/ioll, or Salzgitter, t. Hanover, in Hfl
desheim, 11 m, N, Goalar,
Salsola, t Naplea, in Capitanata, 6 m, E, S, E,
Ascoli, Solzungen, t GermEiny, in Saxe-Meinungen, on
the Werra, celebrated for its salt-springs, '7 m, N,
W. Schmalkalden, Pop, 2,300,
Salzwedd, or SaUwedd, t. Prussian states, in
Ssixony, on tfae Jetze, ll has raanufactures of
cloth, serge, &c, 26 m- N, W, Stendal, 68 S, E.
Hamburg, Lon, 11° 20' E, Lat, 52" 4ff N, Pop,
6,000, Samo, or Seftama, t Africa, on the Gold Coast,
where the Dutch faave a fort.
Soma, or St. John, r. Africa, which runs into
Uie AUantic, in lon. 1" Sff E, Lat 4" 51' N,
Samaab Karb, isl, iu the Red aea, Lat, 28°
IffN. Samadava, t Arabian Irac, on the Euphrates,
115 m. S. Bagdad,
Samuk, or Samahe, isl. in the S. W. part of the
gulf of Persia. Lon, 48° 35' E, Lat 26" 40' N,
Samdlout, t Egypt, on the W, side of the Nile,
14 m, S. Abu Girge.
Samana, ial, near the E, coast of Hiapaniola,
Lon- 69° 22' W, Lat 19" 13' N.
Samanah, t. Hindostan, 25 ra. W, N, W, Delfai,
Lon. 75" off E. Lat 30° l'.\.
Samar, or Samal, one of the PhiUppine islands,
120 leagues in circumference. The soil ia ex
tremely fertfle, and easily cultivated. It produ
ces rice, potatoes, cabbages, garlic, onions, mel
ons, the Chinese orangea, leraons, &c. The na
tives were formerly Mahometans; but the mis
sionary Jesuits converted them lo the religion and
allegiance of Spain, Lon. 124" 15' to 125° 52' E,
Latll" 15' tol2°4ffN.
Samara, t Russia, in Upha, at the union of the
rivers Salmisch and Sakmarsi, 12 m, N, Orenburg.
Lon, 55" 4'E, Lat 53" N.
Samara, t Rusaia, in Simbirak, near tl^e Volga,
76 m. S, S. E. Simbirak. Lon. 49° 26' E, Lat 53°
2ff N.
Somarang, t. on the N. coast of Java, at the
mouth of a river of the same name, ll is a forti
fied town, and is tfae raost considerable aetllement
next to Batavisi, in Java. 230 ra, E, Batavia, Lon,
1I0»S9'E. Lat 6° 54' S,
.. Samoi'cand, city, Aaisi, and capitalof a province
in Great Bukfaaria, called Mawnralnahr, or Sa-
marcond; supposed to be tfae Marakanda of the
ancients. It ia not now so splendid as in times
psisl, yet is still very large, and well peopled. It
ia fortified with atrong bulwarks of earth. The
academy of sciences in tfais city ia one of the most
eminent among- the Mahometana, and is re
sorted to from all the neighbouring countries.
The province of Saraarcand or Mawaralnahr,
ia in tfae eaatem part of Bukfaaria, and extends
to tfae bordera of Ksiahgar, being about 500
mflea long from W. to E. and 450 from N. to S.
This country waa forraerly full of flouriahing cit
iea, raost of which are at present ruined or fallen
to decay. Lon. 63° 20' E. Lat 39° 46' N.
Samaria, in Sac. Geog, one of the three tetrar
chies into whicfa Palestine was divided by the
Romana, It was situated between Judea and
84

GaUlee, sujd compriaed Ephraim, Isaachar, and
part of Manasaefa, Ita capital, the city of Sa
maria, atood on a mountain of the aame name,
and waa the aeat of the kings of Israel,
Samata, t. Egypt, on tfae Nile, 7 ra, N, W, Den
dera. Samia, seaport, New Granada, 30 ra. N. E,
Cartfaagena, Lon. 75° 16' W, Lat, 10° 40' N.
Sambacaang, isl. in the E, Indian aea, Lon, 117°
24' E. Lat 4" ff N,
Samballas, a numerous cluster of sraall islanda
along the northern shore of the iathraua of Da
rien, Lon, 78° 25' W, Lat. 9° 26' N,
Samballas Point, cape on the N, coaat of the
iathmus of Darien, Lon, 79" 14' W, Lat 9'
36'N, Sambos, seaport of Borneo, and capital of the
kingdom of the sarae narae, on the W. coast, much
frequented by tfae Chinese, Lon. 109" E. Lat, 2°
20' N,
Sambekng Islands, in the Indian sea, among the
Nicobar islands, Lon, 100° 36' E, Lat. 41° 20' N,
Samboangan, t. on the S. W, coast of Minda
nao. Lon, 122° 11' E. Lat 6" 45' N,
Somborough, isl. near the S. coast of Nova Sco
tia. Lon, 63" 32' W, Lat. 44" 30' N,
Sambre, i-. which rises in France, in the depart
ment of tfae Aisne, passes by Cfaatillon, Landre
cy, Barlemonl, Thuin, Chsirleroy, &c, and joins
the Meuse al Namur.
Samburgh Head, cape, Scotland, al the S. E,
extremity of the island of Shetland, Lon, 1° 39 '
E. Lat 39° 44' N,
Samen, I. Switzerland, in Berne, 24 m. S, Fri
burg, 25 E, S, E. Lausanne.
Samira, or Serramenroi, t. Arabian Irak, on the
Tigris, 70 m. N. N.W. Bagdad, 140 S.E. Mosul.
Lon. 43° 7' E. Lat. 34° 20' N,
Samisat, t. A. Turkey, on the Euphrates, 70 m.
W. Ourfa, Lon. 37° 2ff E, Lat 37" 10' N.
Sammanger-fioerd, bay on tfae coast of Norway,
12 m. S. Bergfaen,
Samo Poulo, isl, near tfae W. coast of the island
of Samos,
Samoeides, a people inhabiting the N. W, part
of Russia, towards the Frozen sea, part of whoia
live in the government of Archangel, quite sepa
rated frora the rest of tfaeir tribe, 'Tfaey are all
very poor, simple, and undesigning. Their taw
ny complexion, long eyes, and puffed cheeks,
raake them appear very disagreeable to strangers.
Tfaeir furs, which they dispose of to tfae Ruasiana
for triflea, are tfae finest in the whole empire.
Sariwgiiia, formerly a province of Poland,
bounded N. by Courland, E, by Lithuania, S. by-
Prussia, and W. by Pruaaia and the Baltic, Ex
tent, 8,000 sq, miles. II now belonga to Russia,
Somoria, t. Hungary, 8 m, S, E, Presburg.
Somas, r. Transylvania, which runs into the
Theys.s, 12 m. N. Eated in Hungary.
Samos, isl, in the Grecian archipelago, 24 railes
long aud 10 wide, separated from Asia by a nar
row strait, called the Little Boghos. It is the see
of a Greek bisfaop. All tfae mountaina of this isl
and are of white marble. The muscadine grapes-
are the best fruit of the island. The ailk of tfaia
island ia very fine. Their honey and wax are Eid-
mirable. The principal harbor is tfaat of Vali,
on the N, side of the island, Lon,, 26° 50' E, Lat
37° 43' N, Pop, estiraated at 12,000,
Samotraki, isl, of the Mediterranean, 4 m, W.
Corfu, Samotraki, ox Sunumdraki, isl, in the-Greqian

666

SAN

archipelago. It has a apacioua harbor, Lon, 25°
SffE, Lat 40° Iff N,
, Sompoo, amall isl, near the S, coast of Java.
Lon, 112° Sff E, Lat, 8" 2ff S,
Sampson, co, in the S, part of N, C, Pop, 6,620,
including '2,049 slaves. At the court-house is a
post-olfice. Samptown, v, Middleaex co, N. J, 13 m, S, W,
Elizabethtown, Samsoe, ial, Denmark, between North JuUand
and Zealand, Lon, 10° 30' E, Lat 55" 66' N-
Samsoun, aeaport. A, Turkey, on a bay of tfae
Black aea, 80 m, N, W, Tocat, 100 N, W, Sivas,
Lon, 36" 20' E, Lat, 41° 4' N,
Samsoun Kalasi, I, NatoUa, 16 m. N, N, W, Mi-
lets, Samukotta, t. Hindostan, in Rajamundry, 24 m,
E. Rajamundry,
SamMMio, t, Hindostan, in Oude, 15 ra, N, E,
Goorackpour, Samuro, t Persia, in Schirvsm, on the Caapian
sea, 15 ra, S, Derbend,
San, r, Poland, which runs into the Vistula, at
Sandomirz, San, or Tanah, i. Egypt, 29 m, S, E, Damietta.
Lon. 32° 7' E. Lat. 30° Sff N,
Saji GiuUano, t, Sicily, in the valley of Mazarsi,
2 m, S, E, Trapani,
Sara Roque, t. Spain, in Seville, 3 m, N, Gibral
tar, Sana, city, Arabia, in Yemen, al the foot of
Mount Nikkum, on wfaich are still to be seen the
ruins of a castle. Great quantitiea of grapes are
dried here ; and the exportation of raisins is con
siderable, 128 ra, N, N, E, Mocha, Lon, 44° 9'
E, Lat I5°21'N,
Sana, or Zona, t. Peru, 80 m, N, Truillo.
Sanafir, isl, in the Red sea, 408 m, N, N, W,
Jidda, Lon, 45° E. Lat 27" 4ff N,
Sanasbygotta, t. Bengal, 68 m, N, E, Purneah,
148 N, Moorshedabad, Lon, 88° 28' E, Lat 26°
38' N,
Sariborntown, p-t Strafford co, N, H, on the
point of land between Winnipiseogee and Pemi-
gewasset rivers, 20 m, N. Concord, It contains 3
churches, 2 for Baptists, and 1 for Congregation
alists, Pop. 2,884.
Sancerre, t France, in Cher, 12m. N.E, Bour
gea, 24 N. N, W, Nevera, Lon, 2° 65' E, Lat,47°
20' N,
Sancian, or Chang-tchuen-chan, ial, near tfae
coast of Chins^ where the celebrated Francia
Xavier lies buried, 40 m. S, W, Macao,
Sancoins, t. France, in Cher, IS m, S. W, Ne
vers, 25 S. E. Bourges. Lon. 3" E. Lat. 46" SO' N.
Sancoty Head, the E, poinl of Nantucket island,
Lon, 69° 58' W, Lat. 41° 16' N,
Sand Island, small isl, near the east coast of
Madagascar. Lon. 50° 40' E. Lat. 12° 40' S.
Sanda, isl. near the W. coaat of Scotland. Lon.
5° Sff W. Lat 55° 22' N.
Sondakan Bay, bay on the E. coast of Borneo.
Lon. 1 18" 2ff E, Lat 5° 42' N.
Sandal, a lake of Russia, in Olonetz, about 24
miles long and 1 broad, 48 m, N, Petrozavodsk.
Sondarlik,t. Natolia, on theN, side of the gulf
bf Sandarlik, 4 m, S, Pergamo, Lon, 26° 55' E,
Lat 38° 56' N,
Sandau, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, on the
Elbe, 48 m. N. N, E. Magdeburg,
Sunday, one of the Orkney islands, 12 miles
long, Lon, 2° Sff W, Lat 59° 7' N,
Sandbach, t. England, in Cheshire, 11 m, S, E,

SAN
Northwitch, 161 N, W. London, Lou. 2° 32' W,
Lat 53° 12'N.
Sandboy, r. IlUnois, wfaich runs into the Missis.
sippi, between the lUinoia and Rock rivera,
Sandefiaerd, seaport, Norway, in Christiana, 6
m, S. Tonsberg,
Sandd Bosch, or Sundana Islatid, isl, in the E,
Indian sea, about 80 miles from E, to W, and from
15 to 36 broad, Lon, 119° S3' to 120" E, Lat 9°
Sff to 10° Iff S,
Sander'' s, v. Fayette co. Ken. 2i m. from Lex
ington. Sanderson's Hc^e, cape on the coast of N, Amer
ica, in Davis's straits, Lon, 67° W, Lat 66°
2ff N,
Sandersvilk, t, and cap. Washington co. Geo.
26 ra.E, Milledgeville.
Sondford, p-t York co. Maine, 20 m. N. York.
Sondgate, sraall place of England, in Kent, 11
m. S. Dover, 73 E. S. E. London. Lou.i 1° Iff E.
Lat 51° 16' N.
Sondgate, t Bennington co. Vt 20 m. N. Ben
nington. Pop. 1,187.
Sondhamn, seaport, Sweden, wfaere aU vessels
to and frora Stockfaohu are exsuniued ; 10 m. E,
Stockfaolra, Sandisfidd, p-t, Berksfaire co, Mass. 20 m. S, E,
Lenox, Pop. 1,648. It ia now united to Sauth-
field. Sondiston, t Suasex co. N, J, on tfae Delaware,
1 1 ra, above Walpack, Pop, 703,
Sond lake, p-t Rensselaer co. N, Y, 8 m, E. Al
bany, Sandae, one of tbe Farcer islands, in the North
sea, about 10 miles long and 6 broad. Lon, 6° 40'
W, Lat 61° SffN,
Sondomir, or Sandomirz, t. Austrian states, in
Galicia, near the Vistula. Its delightful situation
rendered il the favourite residence of Casimirthe
Great, smd other kings of Poland. It is weU for
tified, both by nature and art 80 m. E. N. E,
Cracow, 95 N. W, Lemberg, Lon. 21° Sff E,
Lat, 50° Sff N,
Sandoran, sraaU isl. on tfae E. side of the gulfof
BoUmia, Lon. 12° Iff E, Lat. 63° Sff N,
Sandoion, t. Rockingham co, N. H. 23 m. W,
Portsmouth, Pop, 504,
Sandown Bay, bay of the EngUsh channel, on
the E. coast of the isle of Wight
Sand's point, the N, extreinity of Cow neck, in
North Hempstead, on Long Island, N, Y. Here
is a Ught-house,
Sandvliet, or Santvliet, t. Brabsuit, lira, N. N.
W. Antwerp, 25 S, W. Breda,
Sandusky, r. Ohio, which after a N, W, course
of .80 railea, runa into Sandusky bay in lake Erie.
It is navigable throughout its course. The port
age between this river and the Scioto is only 4
milea, Sandusky bay, a large bay of Ohio, setting up
from lake Erie in a westerly direction, about 20
mfles, having a width of 3 or 4 mfles,
So'ndusky, CO. Ohio, around Sandusky bay, form
ed in 1820, in Uie Indian reservation,
Sanduslni, t. Sanduaky co. Ohio, on Sandusky
river, opposite CroghansviUe.
Sandusky, city, Huron co, Ohio, on the S. shore
of Sanduaky bay, 2 m. from lake Erie, 25 N. E.
CroghansviUe, 70 N. E. Columbus, 240 W. Buf
falo, It is regularly laid out, and frora its advan
tageous position bids fair to become a place of im
portance. The steam-boat touches at this place,
on ita passage between Buffalo and Detroit

SAN
Sandusk^f, Lower, and Upper. See Fort Ferree
and Fort Stephenson.
Sandwich, t. Eng. in Kent. It aends two raem
bers to parUaraent 14 ra. N. Dover, 67 E, Lon
don. Lon, 1° 20' E, Lat 51" Iff N, Pop, 6,506.
Sandwic/i, t and cap, Essex qo. Up, Canada, on
Detroit river, 2 m. below Detroit, It is built
principally ou a single street, and contains 2
churches, 1 for Catholics, and 1 for Episcopa
Uans, Sandwich, p-t Strafford co, N, H, 41 m, N,
Concord, Pop, 2,232,
Sandwich, p-t Barnstable co. Mass, on the
coast, 12 m, N, W, Barnstable, 60 S, Boston, Pop,
2, 382, Here is an academy.
Sandwich Gulf, a large bay at tiie S, E, exfrera
ity of Florida,
Sandwi/A Island, one of the New Hebrides,
about 80 miles in circuraference, Lon, 168° 35'
E, Lat 17"4ffS,
Sandioich Island, isl, near the W. cosist of New
Ireland, Lou. 149° Iff E, Lat, 3° 5' S,
Sandwich Islands, a cluster of islanda in the
North Pacific ocean, discovered by Capt, Cook,
and Capt King in 1778, They lie between 18"
50' and 22° 20' N, lat, and between 154° Sff and
160° 1 5' W. lon. They are extended in a direc
tion W. N. W. and E. S. E. Owhyhee being tfae
soulfaeastem islsind, and Oneefaow the norlhweat-
ern. The length, breadtfa, aq. milea, and eati
mated population of eacfa is given in the following
table :

Owhyfaee Mowee
Tafaoorowailanai MorotoiWoahooAtooiOneehow Tahoora Total
The following dialancea of the different ialands
from each other are estimated from tfae nearest
parts of one ialand to tfae neareat parta of the oth
er. Mowee ia N. W. of Owhyhee, 30 milea :
Morotoi W. N. W. of Mowee, 10; from Owhy
hee, 75 : Tsihoorowa, S. W, of tfae soutfaem part
of Mowee, 7 ; from Owhyhee, 38 : Ranai, W. of
Mowee, 9 ; and the same distance S. of Morotoi :
Woahoo, W.N. W.of Morotoi, 27; from Owhy
hee, ISO: Atooi, W. N. W. of Woahoo, 75 ; from
Owhyhee, 250 : Oneehow, W. S. W. of Atooi, 17;
from Owhyhee, 290 : Tahoora, little more than
a rock, S. W . of Oneehow, 23. The distance from
the eaatem point of Owhyhee to the N. W. aide of
Oneefaow ia about 390 miles.
The natives of these islands are generally well
made, and above the middle size ; their complex
ion is rather darker than that of tfae Otaheiteans.
During the short time since tfaey becarae- ac
quainted with Europeans, they have made the
most rapid improvement in civUization, Several
Europeans have aettled in tfae ialanda, and com
municated the knowledge of some of the useful
surts. The worsfaip of idols, and the sacrifice of
human victims were formerly universally preva
lent, and so deeply rooted were these pagan cus
toms, that thOT conversion to Christianity was

SAN

QQ1

length.

breadth

sq. miles

populalion

91

78

4,000

150,000

48

29

600

65,000

11

8

60

17

9

no

20,000

40

9

170

36,000

46

23

520

60,000

33

28

520

54,000

20

7

80

10,500

1

i

uninhab.

6,000
400,000
pronounced hopeless, A most astonishing change,
however, has recently tsiken place. In 1819, the
government and tfae people almost unanimously
determined to abandon their idola, and to commit
them with all the monumenta of idolatry to the
flames. Thia was done al Owhyhee^ »then at
Woahoo, and tfaen al Atooi, wiUiout the leaat op
position. Tamoree, king of Atooi, expressed a
atrong desire that miaaiouariea should come and
teach the people to read and write. The princi
pal means which Providence used to bring about
this surprising revolution, was the continually re
pealed rumor of what faad been done in the Society
ialsuida, and the continually repeated aaaurance
of our aea-cajitaina and sailors, that the whole
syatem of idolatry was fooliah and atupid. Before
thenewa of tfais revolution reacfaed America, the
American Board of Comrniaaioners for Foreign
Miasions, faad resolved lo establish a mission in
these ialanda, and the miaaionaries had already
e-aibarked at Boston. The whole number of per-
aona conatituting tfae mission was 22, viz. 2 or
dained misaionariea, 2 catechists and schoolraaa-
ters, a farmer, a printer, and their wives and fara
ilies, together with 3 nativea ofthe Sandwich ial-
and<, VI ho had been educated at the Foreign Mia
aion sohool in Cornwall, Connecticut Accom
panying the misaion also was George Tamoree,
aon of (iie king of Atooi, wfao received hia educa
tion at t'ne Foreign Mission school. Upon the ar
rival cf the missionai'ies at the islanda tfaey were
favourably received, and their prospecta of uae-
fulness are very encouraging.
Sandwich River, or Hawke's River, r. Nova-
Scotii-, v.hich runs into Chebucto bay.
Saniiwich Land, name given by Capt Cook to
the most southerly land in the S, Atlantic ocean ;
otherwise called Southern Thule. Lat, 59° 30' S.
Sandy, t. Hind, in Oude, 45 m. VV, S. W. Kai
rabad, Lon, 81° 22' E, Lat, 27° 17' N.
Sandy, t. Stark co. Ohio. Pop. in 1819, 460.
Sandy Cove, lies N, W. of Cape Ann, Maas,
Lon, 70° 30' W, Lat, 42" 4ff N.
Sandy Creek, r. Geneaee co, N, Y, wfaich runs
into Lake Otario in the town of Murray,
Sandy Creek, t Mercer co. Pa, Pop, 327,
Sandy Creek, r, Ohio, wfaich runa into Nimia-
hillen creek, 5 miles above its junction with tfae.
Muskingum, Sandy Creek, r. Illinois, which runs into the
Ofaio between Saline river and Fort Msiaaac.
Sandy Fork, p-v, Mecklenburg co. Va,
Sandy Hill, p-v. Kingabury township, in Wash
ington CO. N. Y. is a handsome corapact village,
on a high sai^iy plain, on the E. bank of the Hud
aon, near Baker'a faUa, 5? ra, N, of Albany. Il is
near the point where the Charaplain canal meets
the Hudaon, and ia a place of considerable trade.
Tfae courts of Wasfaington co. are alternately
held here and at Salera.
Sandy Hook, in Middleton, N.J. 25 m. S, NeW-
York. Lon, 74" 2' W, Lat 40° Sff N. Here is a
light-house. Within the hook ia a safe and capst-
cioua harbour,
Sandy Hook, p-v, Culpeper co, Va,
Sandy Inkt, channel between two smaU islands
near the coast of North Carolina, Lon, 77° 34* W,
Lat, 34° 2ff N,
Sandij Island, isl. in the East Indian sea. Lon.
112°4ff E, Lat 10" 40' N,
Sandy Island, sraall isl. nearthe W, coastof Su
matra, Lon, 100° Iff E. Lat, 1°,50'S,
668

SAN

S A

Sandy Islands, two sraall islands in the Chinese
sea, Lon. 116" 40' E, Lat 10° 4ff N,
Sandy Lake, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop, 403,
Sandy Lake, lake in N, W, Territory, about 12
miles in circumference, coraraunicating with the
Missiaaippi by Sandy Lake river, whicfa ia 2 railea
long, 30 yards wide at its raoutfa, and boatable.
On the S, shore of the lake, near ita outlet, ia a
fort erected by the N, W, Fur Campany iu 1794,
and now in possession of the Araerican S. W.
Company. The elevation of tfae lake above lake
Superior, is eatiraated by Schoolcraft at raore
than 500 feet. It receivea West Savannah river,
frora which there ia a portage of 6 miles to the
EaatSavannah flowing into Sl. Louia river. Tfais
ia the uaual route of comraunication between the
Great Lakea and the Miasissippi.
Sandy Point, tfae N. point of Nantucket ialand,
Mass. Lon. 70° W. Lat. 41°2ff N.
Sandy Point, the S. E. extremity of Barnstable
CO. Masa. Lon. 69° 35' W. Lat 41° 24' N.
Sandy River, r. Maine, wfaicfa runa N. E. and
joina tfae Kennebeck in Starks, 6 ra. above Nor
ridgewock. Sandy River, Kentucky. See Big Sandy.
Sandy Spring, p-v. Montgoraery co. Md.
¦Sandy Spring, p-t. Adams co, Ohio,
Sandy Store, p-v, Colurabiana co. Ohio,
Saen, or Sana, or Same, r. Switz, which runs
into the Aar, 7 m, W, Berne,
Sonen, or Gessenay, t Switz. in Beme, 24 m,
S. Friburg, 25 E. S, E. Lausanne,
Sanfard, t York co, Maine, 20 ra, N, of York,
Pop, 1,492.
Sangaar, Straits of, narrow channel of the Pa
cific ocean, between ihe island of Jesso and Japan.
Songallan, amall isl, srad cap'e on the cosist of
Peru. Lat 13° 4ff S,
Sangam, t Hind, in the Carnatic, on the Pen
nar, 24 m. W. N. W, NeUore,
Sangam, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, on the rigfat
bank of tfae Godavery, 32 m. E. Kondur,
So'ttgama, r. Africa, wfaich runs into the Allan-
tic nesir Cape Formosa,
Sangomoin, r, Illinois, whicfa falls into lUinois
river from tfae E, Il ia navigable ISO miles,
Sangboy, small isl, near the S. W, coast of Min
danao, Lon, 121° 4ff E, Lat. 6° 52' N.
SangerfieU, t, Hancock co, Maine, on Piscata
quis river.
Sangerfield, p-t, Oneida co, N, Y. 15 ra, S. by
W, Utica, Pop, 1,324. Here is a printing oflice,
at wfaich a weekly newspaper is pubUshed.
Sangerskousen, t. Prusian Slates, in Saxonj>,
near the Hartz Forest, 44 m. W. Leipaic, 35 N,
Erfurt Lon, 41"' 25' E, Lat 51" 2ff N, Pop,
5,100, Sangerville, t, Penobacot co, Maine, 35 m, N,
W, Bangor.
Sanghin, t France, in North, 5 m. S, E. Lille,
Sangir, ial, in the E. Indian sea, about 24 miles
long and 8 broad. Lon. 125" 21' E, Lat 3"
36'N, Sangori, or Sancori, isl, in the gulfof Siam, 20
miles in circumference, Lon. 99° 54' E. Lat.
10° Iff N.
Songro, r, Naples, whicfa runs into the Adriat
ic, in ial, 42° Iff N,
Sanguesa, t Spain, in Navarre, on the river Ar
agon, ancientiy called Iturissa, 77 ni. S. S, W,
Pamplona, SIN, W. Saragossa, Lon, 1° 25' W,
Lat 42° 29' N.

Sanguin, or Zanwjn, v. Africa, on the drain
toaat Lon, 9° ff W, Lat 5° 22' N.
Songuinera, amall isl. in the Grecian Archipe
lago. Lon. 27° 10' E. Lat 36° 51' N.
Sanjalli, or Joally, kingdom, Africa, extending
30 miles along tfae N. aide of the river Gambia.
Sankar, mountainoua prorince of Thibet, be
tween 79" and 81° E. lon. and 34° N. lat
Sonne, or Senne, r. France, which runs into the
aea 3 m. from Dieppe.
Sanore, country, Hind, to the S. of Visiapour,
about 120 miles long, and 70 broad.
Sanore, t. and fort. Hind, on the leftbankof the
Toom, 110 ra. S. Viaiapour, 200 N. N. W, Serin
gapatam. Lon. 75° Sff E. Lat 15° 40' N.
Sanquhar, t. Scotland, in Dumfriea co. on the
Nith, 26 m. N. N, W. Durafriea, 45 S. S. E, Glas-
gow, Lon. 4° 2' W, Lat 55° 25' N, Pop, 2,350,
Sansanding, t. W, Africsi, in Bsunbsu'a, on the
Niger, 25 ra. N, E. Sego.
Sansego, sraall isl. in the Adriatic. Lon. 14° Sff
E. Lat44"4ffN.
Sansanate, or La Trinidad, s-p. Guatimala, 120
m. S. E. Guatiraala.
San Souci, t. Prussian States, in Brsradenburg,
near Potsdam, where the king of Prussia has a
palace. Santa, t Peru, 210 ra. N. N, W. Lima, 70 S. S.
E, Tmxillo. Lon.78"4ffW. Lat9°ffS.
Santa, city, Cfainsi, of the first rank, in Yun
nan, 1,332 m. S. W. Peking, Lou. 107" SffE. lat
24° 40' N.
Santo Barbara, s-p. and Spanish settiement, on
the W. coast of N. America. Lat 34° 24' N.
Santa Barbara de Timbiqui, t New Grenada,
near the mouth of the river Plata, SO m. N. W.
Barbacoa. Lat. 2° 12' N,
Santa Clara, one of tfae smsdler Csraary ialands-
Lon, 13° 22' W, Lat 29° 35' N,
Santa Cruz, s-p. Morocco, in Sus, It was long
the centre of sin extensive comraerce, which is
now transferred to Mogador, The port is large
and very secure, Lon, 9° SO' W, Lat Sff" 2ff N,
Santa Cms, a-p, on the S. E, cosist ofthe island
of Teneriffe. Lon. 16° Sff W. Lat 28" 30'N.
Santa Cruz, r. Patagonia, which runs into the
Atlantic, in lat. 50° 25' S.
Santa Cru::, s-p. Cuba, 50 ra. E. Havanna. Lon.
81° S'W, Lat 23° II' N,
Santa Crus, oue of Uie Csiribbee islands, in the
W. Indies, belonging to Denmark, 24 mfles long,
and 9 broad. The soil ia fertfle, and faighly cul
tivated. Exports in 1810, 89,949/, Imports,
422,033/, Lon, 64" Sff W, Lat 17° 45' N. Pop.
3,000 wfaites, and 30,000 slaves,
Santo Cruz, isl, in tfae Pacific ocean, about 50
miles in circumference. Lon, 240° 43' E, Lat
34° 7' N,
Santa Crus de la Sierra la Nueva, t and cap.
of a province, in the viceroyalty of Buenos Ayres.
Lon, 65° Iff W. Lat 17" 30' S,
Santa Crus de la Sierra, province of tfae rice-
royalty of Buenos Ayres, bounded N, by Moxes,
E. by Chiquitos, S, by Chaco, aud W, by La
Plata, Santa Fe, province, New Grenada, named
frora Santa Fe de Bogota, the capital,
Santo Fe, t Buenos Ayres, at the conflux of
tfae Salado witfa tfae Paraguay, Lon, 60° W, Lat
31° 5ff S,
S'anla Fe, t Spain, in Grenada, 5 m, N, W,
Grenada, 35 S. Jaen.
Santa Fe, city, N, America, and cap. of New Mex-

SAO
tco ; tbe aee of a bishop, and reaidence of a gov
ernor, is on a small river which runs into the del
Norte, 1,131 m. N, N, W, Mexico, 1,020 N, W,
New-Orleans, Lon, 108° 4ff W, Lat,36"5ffN,
Pop. 4,500.
Santa Fe d' Antioquia, t New Grenada, in Po
payan, on the river Cauca, 280 ra, N. Popayan,
Lon, 74" Sff W,vLat 6" 4ff N,
Santa Fe de Bogota, city and cap, of New Gre
nada, on .a brancfa of the Magdalena, Lon, 74° 7'
W, Lat 6" 24' N, Pop, 40,000,
So7j/a Maria, sraall isl. near tfae coast of Cfafli.
Lon, 73" 31' W, Lat 37° Iff S,
Santa Maria, the most aoutherly of the Azore
islands, iu the AUantic, about 30 raflea in circum
ference, Lon, 26°ffW, Lat 36° 57'N. Pop,
5,000, Santa Maria. See SL Maria.
.Santander, seaport, Spain, in Aaturia ; the see
of a bishop. The harbor is large and well fortifi
ed, 73 ra, N, Burgos. Lon, 3° 4ff W, Lat, 43°
27' N.
Santanilla, or Swan Islands, 2 small islands in
the bay of Honduras, Lon, 83° 5ff W, Lat, 17°
20' N.
Santaren, t. Portugal, in Estreraadura, on tfae
Tagua, defended by a citadel. It containa 13
churches, 13 convents, and several hospitals. 38
m. N. N. E. Lisbon, 24 S. W, Thomar, Lon. 8°
48' W, Lat, 39° 15' N. Pop. 8,000.
Santee River, tfae principal river of S. Caroli
na, is formed by the union of tfae Congaree and
Wateree, about 25 miles S. E, of Colurabia. It
runs S, E. and falla into tfae ocean by two moutfaa,
in lat. 33° 12' N, ll is navigable at aorae seasons
to Morgantown, N. Carolina, on the Wateree
branch ; and on the Congaree, sleara-boats as
cend as far as Columbia. There is a cansil, -22
miles long, connecting the Santee with Cooper
river, by wfaicfa the produce of a large section of
thia State, and ofa part of N, CaroUna, ia carried
to the city of Charleston.
Santiago. See Compostella.
SantiUana, I, Spain, in Asturia, near the coast
ofthe bay of Biscay, 1 1 m. S. W. Santander, 82 E,
Oriedo. Lon. 4° 2' W, Lat. 43° 23' N,
Santo Spiritu. See Spiritu Santa.
Santorin, or Santorini, isl, in the Grecian arch
ipelago, (an, Tliera, and Coliste,) 8 or 10 miles in
circumference, Tfae trade of the ialand conaiats
principally in wine. In proportion to its estent
it is the richest and most populous island in the
-/Egian aea, Lon. 25° Sff E. Lat. 36° 2ff N,
Santos, t. and bay of Brazil, 35 ra, S. S, E, St,
Pau, Lon, 46°-26' W. Lat, 24° S,
Saona, ial, nearthe S. coast of Hispaniola, 18
mfles long, and 3 broad. Lon, 69° 42' W, Lat
18° ff N.
Saone, r. France, which riaes in Voages, pasaea
by ChaliUon, Auxonne, Verdun, Chalons, &c, and
joins tfae Rfaone al Lyons-
Soone, (Upper,) a department of France, boun
ded N, by Voages, E. by Upper Rfaine, S, by
Douba and Jura, and W. by Cote d'Or and Upper
Marne, Vezoul ia the capital,
Saon-and-Loire, a department of France,
bounded N- by Cote d'Or, E. by Jura, S. by Ain
aud Rhone-and-Loire, and W.by Allier and Nie
vre. Macon ia the capital,
Saargia, t. Piedmont, on the summit of a rock,
on a peninsula between the rivers Roia and Ben-
dola, 17 m. N. E, Nice, 6 S. Tenda. Pop. 4,000,
Saauhr^ t. Thibet, 70 m. N. N, W, Sirinagur.

SAR

669

Sapacuri, t. Africa, in Sierra Leone, Lon, 12"
25' W, Lat 10° 45' N,
Sapadillas, 2 small islands near the coast of Ve
raguay, Lon. 81° 65' W, Lat 9° N.
Sapato, or Puk Sapoto, isl. in the E, Indian
sea, Lon, 109° 10' E. Lat 10° N,
Sapelo, amall isl. off the coast of Georgia, at the
mouth ofthe Alataraafaa,
Saphey Key, sraall isl, in the bay of Honduras.
Lon, 88Mff W. Lat 17° 10' N.
Sapienza, 3 araall islands in the Meditcrrsmean,
nearthe coast ofthe Morea, opposite Modon, The
circumjacent sea is called the Sea af Sapienza.
Lon, 21° 34' E. Lat, 46° 53 N,
Sappar, isl, in the- E, Indian aea, near the W.
coast of Nassau. Lon, 99" 4ff E, Lat. 2° 65' S,
Sappo, t Africa, in Yani, on the S, side of the
Gambia, Lon. 14° 5' W. Lat, 13° Sff N.
Sapy, small isl, in the E. Indian sea, near the
coaat of Cumbava, Lon, 1 1 9° 1 ff E, Lat, 8° Sff S,
Sapy, Straits of, a narrow channel between the
islands of Curabava andCommodo,
Sara bayou, r. Louisiana, wfaicfa flows into the
Misaiaaippi a littie above Point Coupee,
Sor Louis, or Sar Libre, t. France, in Mo
seUe, on tfae Saare, 15 posts N. W, Strsisburg, 6 £.
N, E, Metz. Lon. 6° Sff E. Lat. 49° 2ff N.
SorahviUe, t and cap. Pope co. Illinoia, on the
Ohio, 35 ra. below Shawneetown, 110 from Kas
kaskias. Saragossa, or Zoragossa, city, Spain, and cap.
of Aragon, the see of an archbisfapp, is in a fertile
plain on the Ebro. The city is large and hand
sorae, the streeta are long and broad, but dirty and
ill paved. It contains 17 Isirge churches with 14
convents, besides smaUcr. The collegiate church
of Our Lady ofthe Pillar, ia tfae moat remarkable
edifice, botfa for its supposed miraculous irasige,
and also for ils valuable treasures. Tfais city is
rendered famous for its desperate reaiatance to the
French, ll was forced lo aurrender January
21, 1809. 130 m. W. N. W. Barcelona, 160 N, E.
Madrid, Lon. 0" 4ff W. Lat 41" 44' N, Pop.
42,000. Sarak, small isl. in the Persian Gulf, 140 m. W.
Ormus. Saranac, r. N. Y, which runs into Lalce Cham
plain al Plattsburg, after a courae of 65 miles.
Soi'onsk,^ t. Russia, in Penza, 48 m. N, Penz-o,
Lon. 45° 14' E. Lat 54° Iff N,
Saraput, t. Ruaaia, in Viatka, 132 m. S. S, E.
Viatka; Lon, 52" 26' E. Lat 56° 32' N,
Saraquino, sraall isl, in the Grecian Archipeta
go. Lon. 24° 4' E. Lat 39" 27' N,
Saratoga, cS. N. Y. incloaed by the counties
of Warren, Washington, Rensselaer, Albany,
Schenectady, Montgomery, and Hamilton, Pop.
33,147. Chieftown, BaUston.
Saratoga, p-t. Ssiratoga co. N. Y. on tbe W. side
ofthe Hudson, 12 ra. N. E. BaUston, 31 N- Alba
ny. It ia memorable for the surrender of Bur
goyne with hia whole army conaisting of 5,79 1 ef
fective men, to General Gates, Oct. 17th 1777.
In 1818, the old town of Saratoga was divided.
The east part containing the celebrated battle
ground retains the origin-al name of Saratoga. The
west part, containingthe raineral waters, is called
Saratoga Springs. There is a post office in each
town. Saratoga Springs, p-t Saratoga co. N. Y, 12 m.
W. ofthe Hudson, 7 N, N. E. BaUston, 32 N, Al
bany, The celebrated raineral springa of Sarato
ga are apread over a tract of about 12 rafles in ex-

670

Sar

tent, in Saratoga co, and are called by a variety of
locEfl namea. The most noted are those of BaU
ston and Saratoga, which are superior to any
others in America. The namea of the principal
springa in Saratoga are Rock Spring, Congresa
Spring, and Columbia Spring. Rock Spring con
taina carbonic acid, carbonate of aoda, muriate of
soda, super-carbonated lime, and a carbonate of
iron. 'Tfaese springa, during the summer months,
are the reaort of the gay and faahionable, aa well
as of invalids, from all parts of the United States.
Large houses for entertainment, with neat bathing
houses, are erected for tfae convenience of visi
tor?. Tfae waters afford relief in many obatinate
diseases. Saratoga, lake, in Saratoga co. N. Y. 8 m, W,
Stillwater, It is 9 railes long and 2i broad, and
diacfaargea its waters through the Fishkill into
Hudson river,
Saratov, t Rusaia, and cap, of the government
of Saratovskoi, 392 m. S, E, Moscow, 732 S, E,
Petersburg, Lon, 45° 44' E, Lat 51° SO' N,
Saratovskoi, government, Ruasia, bounded N. by
Tambov, Penza, and Simbirak ; E, by Uphinakoi
and Caucaaua ; S, by Caucasus and the couutry
of tfae Cossacs, and W, by Tambov and Vcronez,
Lon, 40° to 52° E, Lat, 47" 4ff to 53° N,
Sarburg, Sarreburg, or Sarbruck, t Frsmce, in
Meurte, 33 m, E. Nancy. 22 N, E. Luneville,
ton, 7° 8' E. Lat. 48° 44' N,
Sarca, t, Tyrol, IS ra. W, Trent
Sorchad, t. Syria, in the country beyond Jor
dan, 45 m. S, S, E. Damascus, 90 N, E,. Jeruaa
lem, Sardam, or Saenredam, s-p, Holland, supposed
to have the gre-dteat magazines of tiraber for afaips
and navEd atorea in the world. 15 m, S. Alcmaer,
-5 N, Amaterdara, Pop, 10,012,
Sardinia, ial, in tfae Mediterranean, about 140
mfles long frora N. to S, and 60 frora E. to W, Il
produces fruit of all sorts, and cattle in abundance,
but owing to ils many morasses, the air is rendered
very unwholesome, and on this account il was that
the sracient Romana made it a place of baniahment.
Extent, 9,200 square miles. Pop. 520,000. It
forras part of the kingdom of Sardinia. CagUari
is the capital.
Sardinia, kingdom of, composed of the island of
Sardinia, Piedraont, including the county of Nice,
the Duchy of Montferrat, part ofthe duchy of Mi
lsm, Territory of the ci-de-vant repubUc of Genoa
and Savoy ; 'The wfaole containing 27,400 square
miles, and 3,994,000 infaabitants. Tfae continen
tal part is bounded N. by Switzerland, E. by Aus
trian Italy and Parma ; S. by the Mediterranean,
and W, by France, The government is an abso
lute monarchy, and the revenue ia coraputed at
1,500,000/, Sarecto, t. and cap, Duplin co, N, C, on the N,
E, branch of Cape Fear river, 130 ra, above Wil
mington, It containa a court-houae and jail, and
about 20 houaes,
Sarepta, t Russia, in Saratov, 8 m. S. Tzarilzin.
The United Brethren faave S Missionaries here.
Sarfend, or Shorfend, t. Paleatine, 8 m, S, Sai-
da, Sargans, t. Swisserland, and cap, of a small
county ofthe same name, 45 m, E, S, E, Zurich,
42 S. Conatance. Lon. 9° 32' E. Lat, 47° 1' N ,
Sargd, a-p, Africa, Lon. 2" 15' W, Lat 36°
30' N,
Sarguemine, t. France, in MoseUe, near lh«

SAR
Sarre, 3 posts S. W, Deux Fonts, 94 E> Metz, Lon.
7° 11' E, Lat 49° ffN,
Sari, t. Persia, in Mazanderan, 25 m, S, W
Feerhabad, Lon, 52° 58' E, Lat 35" 35' N,
Sariena, t, Spsiin, in Aragon, 16 m, S, W, Bal
bastro, Sork, r. Scotland, ia formed of two branches,
the white and Black, and runs into the Eden, 4
m. below Carlisle,
Sorle, or Serk, small isl, in the EngUah channel,
6 m, E, Guemaey, on wfaicfa it ia dependent Lon.
2° 44' W, Lat 49° 27' N. Pop, 3,000.
Sarlat, t. France, in Dordogne, SO m. N. W.
Cahors, 27 S. E. Perigueux. Lon. 1° Iff E. Lat
44° SffN. Pop. 5,924.
Samy Buch, cape on the W. coast of Walea, 17
ra. N, Aberystwith,
Samen, t. Switz, in Underwalden, 9 m. S; Lu
cern, Samo, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, the see of
of a biahop, 10m, N, W. Salerno, 16 E. N, E, Na
plea, Lon. 14° Sff E, Lat, 40° 48' N,
Sarp, or Sarpen, t Norway, in Christiansand,
10 ra, W, S. W, Frederichstadt,
Sarre, or Saar, r, France, which runs into the
MoseUe near Treves.
Sarre, i. Eng, in Kent, which runs into the
Stour, forraing tfae W. boundary of the island of
Thanet Sarreburg. See Saarburg and Sarburg.
Sarsona, or Zorsana, t and forfress, Genoa, on
the Magra, near which is a fort in the mountains
caUed Sarsanella. 45 ra. E. S. E. Genoa, 60 N.
W. Florence. Lon. 9° 64' E. Lat 44" ff N.
Sarsino, or Zorsina, t Itsdy, in Genoa, the see
ofa bishop, 11 m. W. S. W. Rimini, 127 N. Rome.
Sarskar, araall isL on the E. side of the gulf of
BoUmia. Lon. 21° ff E. Lat 62° 1 ff N.
Sart, t A. Turkey, in NatoUa, (an. Sardis,) the
capital of Lydia. Here are many remnants of
massive buildings. It is at present inhabited by
some Turks and a few Greeks. 30 m. E. N, E,
Smyrna, Sarta, one of tfae sraaUer Shetland islands, Lon,
2° 4' W, Lat, 60° 37' N,
Sarte, r, France, which rises in Orne, passes l^
Alencon, Beauraont, le Mans, and nesir Angers is
joined by the Mayenne, 4 m. below which, the
united streams join the Loire. It is navigable
from Le Mans.
Sarte, departraent ot France, bounded N. by
Orne, E, by Eure-and-Loire, and Loire-and-Cha-,
S, by Indre-and-Loire and Mayenne-srad-Loirc,
and W, by Mayenne, Le Mans is the capital,
Sartine Islands, islands in the Pacific ocean:
Lon. 129° Iff W. Lat 60° 5ff N.
Sartoroe, smsdl isl, near the coast of Norway.
Lon, 60° 17'N.
Sarvar, t and fort, Hungary, at the conflux of
the Raab and Gunta, 48 ra. S. S. E. Vienna, 37 S.
S, E, Presburg. Lon. 17° ff E, Lat 47° Sff N,
Sarvitz, r. Hungary, which runs into Uie Dau-
uhe near Mohacs,
Sarvitsa, t. Eu, Turkey, in Thessaly, 30 m. N,
E, Larissa. Lon. 21° 58' E- Lat 40° 3' 'N.
Sarum, (Old.,') borough, Eng- in Wfltshire, an
ciently a city Ot renown, though at present redu
ced to one house, and sorae ruins and intrench-
ments. Two raembers arc yet returned to parlia
ment by the proprietors of lands, 2 m N. Salis
bury, ¦'?(«¦;»?!. cfrcar. Hind, in Bahar, bounded S. W.

SAV

SAV

67J

by the Ganges, and W, and N. W, by Oude,
Cfauprafa is tfae capital,
Sancerden, t, Frsmce, in Moselle, 34 m, N, W,
Straaburg, Sai de Ghent, t and fortress, Flsinders, on a ca
nal made from Ghent to the Scheldt, 25 ra, W,
Antwerp, 10 N, Gfaent
Saseram, t Hind, in Bahar, 75 In, S, W, Patns^
55 S, E. Benares, Lon. 84° 9' E. Lat 24° 5ff N.
Saskatchawine, or Sissiskatchwin, r. N. Araerica,
is formed by the union of the Nortfa and South
branch, which rise in the Rocky mountains sev
eral faundred milea apart After their junction,
the river takes tfae name of Saskatcfaawine, smd
flows into tfae N. W. part of Lake Winnipec. It
is 200 fathoms wide at its mouth. Cumberland
house stands on au expansion of thia river, called
Sturgeon lake. On the S. branch, 120 m. above
the fork ia anolher fort csdled Soutii branch fort.
Sasram, small isl. in the gulfof Siam, near the
coast of Camboja. Lon. 103" 48' E. Lat. 10" N.
Sassafras, r. which risea in Delaware, and flow
ing W. into Maryland, seriarales Kent and Cecil
counties, and falls into Cheaapeake bay.
Sassafras,v. Kent co. Md. ou Saaaafraa river, 17
m. S. Elkton.
Sassari, city, Sardinia, on the Torres, 7 ra. from
the sea. ll is the see of au arcfabisfaop. 88 ra. N.
N. W. CagUari, 54 N. Oristagni. Lou. 8° 5ff E.
Lat. 40" 4ff N. Pop. 30,000.
Sasselo, t. Genoa, 10 m. N. Savona.
Sassenage,t. France, in laere, 3 m. E. Greno
ble. Sassenberg, t Gerraany, 12 m. E. Munster.
Sossuak, t Itsdy, in the duchy of Modena, on
tfae Seccfaia, witfa a castle, 7 m. S. S, W. Mo-
densu- Satadoo, t Africa, and cap. of a country on tfae
E. side of the Faleme, and S, W, of Barabouk,
Lon. 9° 62' W. Lat 12° Sff N.
Sataiia, or Antalia, s-p. A. Turkey, in Cara
mania, at the bottora of a gulf of the Mediterrane
an, to which it gives name. It ia strong and large.
The navigation of tfae gulf is considered aa dan
gerous. 134 m. S. Kiutja. Lon. 30° 2ff E. Lat.
37° N.
Sotouket, p-v. ia Brookhaven, Suffolk co. N, Y,
Sater, t Sweden, iu Dsdecarlia, 45 ra, S, W,
Geflle. Satgong, or Satagang, v. Bengal, on the river
Hoogly, 4 m. N. W, Hoogly,
SatiUa, r. Geo, wfaicfa runa by Jefferson into St,
Andrew's sound, N, of Cumberland island,
SatiUa, Little, r. Geo. wfaicfa runs into the At
lantic, between Turtle river and the SatiUa,
Sotriano, t. Naples, in BasiUcata, tfae see of a
bisfaop, 7 ra, S, W, Acerenza.
Satriano, t. Naplea, in Calabria Ultra, 8 m, S,
Squillace, Soitaroh, t Hind, in Viaiapour, 77 m, W, Viaia
pour, 50 S. Poonah. Lon, 74° 8' E, Lat 15" 45' N,
Sattimungulum, t. and fort. Hind. 33 m. N. Co
imbetore, 68 S. S. E. Seringapatam. Lon. 7'7° 12'
E. Latll°4ffN.
Satumess, cape on the S. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 3° Sff W. Lat. 54° 57' N.
Sana, t Persia, in Irak, 180 m. N. W. Ispahan,
65 S. Casbin. Lon. 49" Iff E. Lat 34° 54' N.
Savage, r. Md. which runs into the Potomac, 21
m. above Fort Cumberland.
Savage Island, isl. in the Soutfa Pacific ocean, 33
miles ni circumference- Lon, 169° 37' W, Lat
19° 1' S.

Savage, Upper, isl, nearthe S, shore of Hudson'a
straits, about a quarter of a mile from the conti
nent Lon, 72° W, Lat 62° N,
Savage, Lower, isl, in Hudaon'a straita, Lon, 66°
2ffW, Lat61°4ffN,
Sovan Lake, lake of N, America, Lon, 90° 15'
W, Lat 50" 2ff N.
Savannah, r, U, S. which is formed by the union
of tfae Tugaloo and Kiowee, and running S, E, di
vides S, Carolina from Georgia, and meets the At
lantic in Tybee Sound, in lat, 32° N, II is navi
gable for large vessela to Savannah, 18 railea, and
for boats to Augusta, 340 railes further. Above
the falls, boats can go 60 railes without obsfruo-
tion. Savannah, city and port of entry, Chathsun oo.
Georgia, on a higfa sandy bluff, 40 ieet above low
water mark, on the S, W. bank of Savannah riv
er, 17 milea from the bar at its moulfa. Vessels
drawing 14 feel water csm coine up to the city ;
Isirger vessels receive their cargoes 3 railes below.
The city is regularly laid out, and contains acourt
houae, jail, poor houae, marine hoapital, theatre,
exchange, academy, public library, 3 hanka, in
cluding a brancfa ofthe U, Statea bank, smd 7 hou
ses of public worsfaip, 1 eacfa for Presbyterians, \
Episcopalians, Metfaodists, Baptists, Lutfaerans,
Roman CathoUca, and Jewa, The academy is 180
feet by 60, and 3 atoriea higfa, Tfae exchange is a
heavy gothic building, 5 storiea higfa. Tfae Prea
byterian cfaurch is an elegant edifice of stone, re
cently erected. The city is laid out in the form of
a parallelogram, and contains 10 public aquares
at equal distances from each otfaer, incloaed and
planted witfa treea. Treea are also planted on
tfae sides of raost of tfae streets. Many of the hou
ses recently erected are aplendid edificea. There
is a fort on the E. aide of tfae city, and anotfaer at
Five Fathom Hole, on the river, 3 miles below
the town.
Savannah faas faeretofore been unhealthy on ac
count of the large extent of lands in tfae vicinity
devoted lo the wet cultivation of rice ; but in 1817,
the inhabitants voted 70,000 dollars lo the propri
etors of these Israds, as an inducement to abandon
the wel cultivation and adopt the dry mode. In
January 1820, a terrible fire laid a large portion
of tfae city in ashes. Savannah is the centre of
comraerce for a large extent of country. In nine
months ending SOth June 1817, there were expor
ted from this port 107,320 bales of cotton, 3,605
hhds, of tobacco, 11,228 tierces of rice, valued to
gether at $9,966,603, The amount of shipping in
1816, was 12,776 tons. Pop, in 1810, 5,195 ; in
1820, 7,520, ifwhom 3,868 were whites, 113 ra,
S, W, Charieston, 127 by land, and 340 by wa
ter S, E, Augusta, 168 E, S, E. MiUedgeviUe,
Lon. 81° Iff W. Lat. 32° 8' N.
Savanniih , r. N. W. Territory, which runs into
the westsiJe of St. Louis river. From its source,
there is a portage of 6 railea lo the West Savannah
which flows into Sandy Lake. See Sandy lake.
Savannah. Ket/, small isl. in the bay of Honduras.
Lon. 89° 50' W". Lat. 15»6ff N.
Savannah la Mer, t. on the E. coast of Hiapan
iola. Savannah la Mer, t Jamaica, on the S. coast.
Lon. T.r r W. Lat 18° Iff N.
Savory's Isla'nd, isl. in the Gulf of Georgia.
Lon. 235° 54' E. Lat 49" 57' N.
Saucon, Lower, t. Northarapton co. Pa, Bop.
1,974. Saucon, Upper, t Lehigh co. Pel Pop, 1,45^

672

SAV

Saucona, p-t. Northampton co. Pa.
Save, r. Germany, w^ich rises in the kingdora
of Illyria, 6 m. S. ViUach, and running E. joins the
Danube at Belgrade,
Savenay, t France, in Lower Loire, 18 ra. N,
W, Nantes, Lon, 1° 47' W, Lat 47" 22' N,
Soveme, or Zabem, t France, in Lower Rfaine,
18 m, W, N. W, Straaburg, 16 W, S. W, Hague
nau. Lou. 7° 26' E, Lat 48° 4ff N,
Savemdroog. See Savindroog.
Saugatuck. See Sagaluck.
Saugerties, p-t Ulster co. N. Y. ou the Hudson,
13 m. above Kingston, 52 S. Albany. Pop. 2, 194.
Saugus, t. Esaex co. Mass. 10 ra. E. Boston.
Savigliano, I. Piedraont, in a plain, watered by
the Maria and Grana, 8 ra. E. S. E. Saluzzo, 8 S.
W. Cfaerasco. Lon. 7° 4ff E, Lat 44" 35' N.
Savindroog, I. and fortress. Hind, in Mysore, on
tfae aummit of a vast mountain or rock, which ia
supposed lo rise half a mile in perpendicular
height,froma base of8 or lOmiles in circuraference.
On the lOlh of Deceraber 1791, it waa taken
by the Britisfa, 18 ra, W, Bangalore, 47 N, E,
Seringapatam, Samnton, p-t, Cecil co, Md,
' Saulieu, I, France, in Cole d'Or, 33 ra. W, Di
jon, 13 S, Semur en Auxoia. Lon. 4" 17' E. Lat.
47° Iff N, Pop, 2,887,
Saumer, r. Germany, wfaich runa into the We
ser, 9 m. above Polle.
Saumur, t. France, in Mayne-and-Loire, 21 m.
S. E, Angers, 33 W,-S. W, Tours, Lon. 0" 3' W.
Lat 47° Iff N, Pop, 9,636.
Sounder's Island, isl, in the Atlantic ocean, 8 or
10 leaguea in circumference, Lon, 26° 44' W,
Lat57"4ffS, Saundersvilk.' See Sandersvilk.
Savona, t Genoa, with fortifications, and a cita
del standing on a high rock. Tfae harbour faas
been partly choked up lo hinder the approacfa of
large sfaips. 20 m. W. S, W, Genoa, 60 N. E,
Nice, Lon. 8" 31' E.Lat 44" IffN. Pop. 16,000,
Savoy, or Coffin Island, amall isl, near the W,
coast of Madagascar, Lon. 44" 22' E, Lat, 17°
3ff S,
Savoy, a country of Europe, bounded N. by the
Lake of Geneva, E. by Swisserland and Piedmont,
S, by Piedmont and France, and W. by France. It
includes the duchy of Savoy, or Savoy Proper, the
duchy of Ch'dblais, the duchy of Genevois, the
lordship of Faucigny, the county of Tarantaise,
and the county of Maurienne, The greatest part
of the country ia mountainous ; some of tlie
highest mountains are the Glaciers, and moun
tains in Faucigny, In Savoy, every one speaks
French, and most, of the names of the towns and
villages arc of that language ; bul in customs and
disposition, the inhabitants have more of Uie Ger
man in them. They are aU Roraan Catholics.
Extent, 3,800 square rafles. Pop. 450,000. Sa
voy recently belonged lo France, bul is now in
cluded principally in the kingdom of Sardinia.
Chambery is the capital.
Savoy, p-t. Berkshire co. Maas, 25 m, N. E. Lea-
ox, Poj). 711.
Savu, isl, in the E. Indian sea, about 8 leagues
in length. The sea-coast, in general, islow; but
in the middle of tfae island there are hills of a
considerable height Lon. 122" SO' E. Lat. 10"
35' S,
SttuxUlanges, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 6 m,
E. Issoire, 15 W. Arabert, Pop, 2,066,

SAY
Sawbfidgeworth, t, England, in-- Herts, 4 m, B.
Bishop's-Stortford, 26 N, London.
Sawpit, p-t, West-Chester co, N. Y,
Sa.xe-Cobourg, Saxe-Gotha, &c. See Cobourg,
Gotha, &c,
Saxe-Lauenburg. See Lauenburg. ' '
Saxden, or Saxlen, t Switzerland, in Under-
walden, 12 m, S, S. E. Lucern, 43 E. S, E. Beme,
Soxenburg, isl, in the Atlantic ocean. Lou. 20°
W, Lat 30" 45' S.
Soxenburg, or Sachsenbitrg, t. Ausfrian states,
on Uie Drave, 38 m. W. Clagenfurt, 34 S. W.
Muhrau. Lon. 13" 10' E. Lat 46° 45' N.
Saxkkbing, seaport, Denmark, in the island of
Laaland, 15 ra. E, Nascow.
Saxmundham, or Saxlingham, t. England, in
Suffolk, 20 ra. N, E. Ipawich, 89 N, E. London.
Lon. 1" 29' E, Lat 52° 14' N.
Saxons, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C,
Saxony, Kingdom af, in the east of Germany,
bounded N. by the Prussian stales ; on the E. it
coraes to a poinl; onthe S. E. il ia separated from
Bohemia by tfae Erzgebirg or MetalUc mountains;
on tfae W. it is bounded by aeveral small German
states. Extent, 7,476 square miles. Pop. accor
ding to the oflicial return in 1818, 1,200,000.
Revenue, 850,000/. aterling. Religion, Protestant
The government is nearly absolute, but conducted
with moderation. The language and the litera
ture of Saxony sire tfae most distinguished in all
Gerraany, most of the writers who have refined
the language, faaving been bom, or having resided
in the country. There are universities of great
celebrity at Leipsic and Jena. The manufac
tures are tiiread, Unen, laces, ribbons, glass, and
porcelsiin of remarkable beauty. Few countries
are so rich in rainerals : the mountains on its
southern border producing sflver, tin, bismuth,
manganese, cobalt, &c. During the siscendancy
of Bonaparte, Ssixony -was much more extensive
than it is at present. After tfae addition of th^
Grand Ducfay of Warsaw, in 1807, it contained
56,970 square miles, and 4,363,000 inhabitants;
bul at the Congress of Vienna, in 1815, the king
was punished for fais adherence to Bonaparte, by
being deprived not only ofthe duchy of Warsaw,
but of the northern hsdf of his hereditary states,
wfaich was added lo Prussia. Ssixony is now the
smallest kingdom in Europe.
Saxony, one of the provinces into which the
Prussian stales were divided in 1815, It is sub
divided into the governments of Merseburg, Mag
deburg, and Erfurt, Extent, 8,492 square miles.
Pop. 1,180,000, Revenue, 760,000/, Theprin
cipal towns are jMagdebui^, Naumburg, Merse
burg, and Halle.
Saxony, Lower, forraerly a circle of Germany,
bounded N, by the duchy of Sleswick and the
Baltic ; E. by the circle of Upper Saxony ; S. by
the circles of Upper Saxony and the Upper
Rhine; and W. by the circle of Westphalia and
the German sea.
Saxony, Upper, formerly a circle of Germany,
bounded by the circles of the Upper Rhine, Fran
conia, Lower Saxony, the Baltic, Prussia, SUesia,
Lusatia, and Bohemia.
Saybrook, p-t. Middlesex co. Ct on the west
side of Connecticut river, at its moulfa, opposite
Lyme, 40 m. S. E. Hartford, 18 W, New London,
34 E, New Haven, It is one of tho oldest towns
inthe country. Ship-building is carried on to a
eonaiderable extent at the vfllage of Pettipaug,-

S C A

3 C H

673

and the shad fisheries are a source of much wealth
to the town. There is sm ivory comb-factory
here on an extensive acale. There are 8 religious
societies, 4 of Congregationaliats, 2 of Baptists, 1
of Episcopsdiaus, and I of Methodists, Pop, 3,926,
Sayda, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzgebirg, 24
m, S, W, Dresden, Lon, 13" 2ff E, Lat 50°
39' N.
Soyn, t. Prussian atates,in Lower Rfaine, on tfae
Sayn, 6 m, N, Coblenz, 6 E, Andernach,
Sayn, r, Gerraany, which runs into tfae Rfaine,
5 m, below Coblentz,
Saypon, or St. Joseph, one of the Ladrone ial
anda, in tfae E, Indian sea, about 20 miles in cir
cumference. Lat 14° 30' N.
Scagen, or Scavn, or Skagen, t. Denmark, at
the exfreraity of North Jutland, near a cape of
the aame name, 18 ra. N. Fladstrsmd. Lon. 10" S3'
E. Lat57°4ffN.
Scagen, cape on the -N. coast of North Jutland.
Lon. 10° 31' E. Lat. 57° 46' N.
Scala, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, the see of
a bishop, 11 ra. W. S. W. Amalsi, 12 W. Salerno.
Scala, Lo, seaport of the island of Fatraos. Lon.
26°2ffE. Lat37°30'N,
Scalanova, aeaport, A. Turkey, in Natolia, 40
m. S, S. E. Smyrna, Lon,27°2ffE, Lat 37° 52'
N, Pop, about 10,000, of whom the majority are
Turks, Scalea, La, t Naples, in Calabria Citra, near
the sea, 29 m, W. Cassano, Lon, 15° 59' E, Lat,
.39°51' N,
Scalpay, one of tfae Western islands of Scot
land, about 6 miles in circumference, Lon, 5" 5'
W, Lat 57" 20' N,
Scamachie, city of tfae Russian dominions, and
-lapital of Schirvan, in a valley, between two
mountaina, about 24 railes frora the Caapian aea.
The inhabitants are chiefly Arraeniana and Geor
giana, who carry on considerable trade in ailk and
calicoes. The town is alao frequented by Jews,
Russian raerchants, and the Circassian "Tartars,
-360 m. S. Astracan, 480 N, E, Diarbekir, Lon,
48°45'E, Lat 40° 27' N,
Scandaretla, or Scanderoon, v. Palestine, on the
'.oast of the Mediterranean, 6 m,from Tyre,
Scandarieh, t. Arabian Irak, on a canal between
the Tigris and Euphrates, 120 ra, N, W, Bassora,
Scanderoon. See Alexandretta.
Scandinavia, a narae frequently given to that
part of Europe whicfa comprefaends Denmark,
Sweden, and Norway,
Scangero, or Icus, isl, in the Grecian arcfaipe
lago, Lon. 24° 15' ,E. Lat 39° 2ff N,
Scar Nose, cape, Scotland, on the N, coaat of
Banffshire, Lon.2°4ffW, Lat57°4ffN.
Scarborough, seaport, Engl^md, in Yorksliire, on
a rocky cliff, which is almost inaccessible, "The
harbor is reckoned the best between Newcastle
and the Humber, Herrings are taken here in
great numbers. Large numbers of people flock
hither in the hottest months of tfae year, lo drink
its waters, which are purgative and diuretic, 40
m, N, HuU, 218 N, London, Lon, 0° 2ff W, Lat,
54° 17' N. Pop. 7,607.
Scarborough, t. York co. Up, Canada, on lake
Ontario, E. of York,
Scarborough, p-t. Cumberland co, Maine, on the
sea coast, 11 m. W. PortUind,
Scarborough Shoal, shoal in the Chinese aea,
about 18 mfles long from N. to S. and 6 broad. Lon,
117»51'E, Lat 15"ffN.
Scardona, t. Eu, Turkev, in Dalniafia ; the see85

of a Greek bishop, surrounded with walls, and
defended by two forts. 28 ra, N, Trau, 8 N, Se
benico, Lon, 16" 2ff E, Lat 44° 2ff N,
Scare, The, bay on the S, coast of Ireland, 5 ra.
E, Waterford harbor,
Scoriff, small isl. on the S, W, coast of Irelsmd,
5 ra, W, Larab's Head,
Scarpanto, isl, in the Mediterranean, 18 railes
long and 6 wide, subject to the Turks, but the
principal inhabitants are Greek Chriatians, Lon,
26° 5ff E, Lat 35" 44' N,
Scarpe, r. France, which runs into the Scheldt,
at Mortagne, 7 ra, S, S, E, Tournay,
Scorsdale, t. Westchester co, N, Y, 24m. from
New York, Pop, 259,
Schoc^en, I, Prussian Stales, with a castle,
on a river wfaicfa runs into tfae Curiscfa Haff, 10
ra. N. Konigsberg,
Schahur. See Shabur.
Scliade, r. Germany, whicfa runs into tfae Elbe,
opposite Blekede.
Schohhr, or Schahhr, or Salwr, aeaport, Arabia,
in Hadraraaut, 18 ra, N, E, Aden, Lon, 47" SffE.
Lat 14" Iff N,
Schaffhausen, t. Switzerland, and cap, of a can
ton an the N, aide of the Rhine, near a celebrated
cataract, II coraraunicates with the rest of Swit
zerland only by a bridge acroas the Rhine, It is
one of the handsomest towns of Switzerland, The
famous bridge was burned by the French, in March
1799, 25 m. W. Constance, 44 E, Bale, Lon, 8°,
35' E, Lat, 47" 4ff N, Pop, 7,000,
Schaffhausen, or Schaffouse, canton of S'witzer
land, on the N, side of the Rhine, Pop, witfaout
including the townof Schafffaausen, ia estimated-
at 23,000, The religion ia Calviniam.
Scaghticolce, p-l. Renaselaer co, N. Y, on the
Hudaon, 11 m, above Troy, Pop, 2,492, It con
tains 3 cfaurches, 2 for Dutch Reformed, and 1 for
Preabyterians, Schainfdd, or Mark Sclminfelde t, Germany, 28
ra, N. Anapach, 26 E. S. E. Wurzburg. Lon. 10"
32' E. Lat 49° 44' N.
Schalatskoi, cape on the N. coaat of Ruasia, in
the Frozen sea. Lon. 169" 14' E, Lat, 68° 25' N.
Schalits, t Bohemia, in the circle of Konigin
gratz, 12 ra, N. E, Konigingratz, 56 E, N, E.
Prague, Lon, 15° 61' E, Lat 50" Iff N,
Schalkau, t Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen, 6
ra, N, Coburg, Lon, 1 1° ff E, Lat, 50" 23' N,
Sclumdou, t Saxony, in Meissen, on the Elbe, 4
ra, E, Konigstein, 21 S, Stolpen. Pop, 1,000,
Schanis, or Schoms, t. Switzerlsrad, 10 m, N,
Claris, 20 N,E, |chweilz,
Schontorskija, 3 islands of Russia, at tfae W.
extreraity of the sea of Ochotak. Lon. betweeu
138" and 139" E. Lat 65° Iff and 55° Sff N.
Schara, or Osara, t. Syria, near the W, coast of
tfae Euphrates, 160 m, E. S. E. Aleppo, 200 W. N.
W. Bagdad.
Seharedge, or Zaka, isl. in the gulf of Persia,
about SO mUes in circumference, Lon, 64" 15' E.
Lat 25° N,
Scharffenberg, t Saxony, in Meiasen, on the
Elbe, 4 ra, S. E, Meissen,
Scharmbeck, t Hanover, in the duchy of Bre
men, 13 m, N. Bremen, Pop, 1,600,
Schamitz, fortified t Bavaria, near an impor
tant pass over the mountains, 8 ra. N, N, W, Inn
spruck, Scharzfeld, casUe, Hanover, in Gottingen, on a
vast rock, 15 m. S. Gosslar.

074

S C H

Schatsk, t Russia, in Tambov, 96 m. N. Tam
bov. Lon, 41° 34' E. Lat. 54° 22' N.
Schauenburg, t Germany, 8 ra. S, E, Minden,
Schauenburg-Lippe, principaUty, Germany, on
both sides of the Weser, bounded by Hanover,
the Prussian States, and Lippe-Detmold, It con
tains 220 square milea, 24,000 inhabitanta, and
has a revenue of 18,000/, sterling,
Schaumburg, t. aud castle, Germany, in the
duchy of Nassau, 25 m, W, S, W, Wetzlar, 23 N,
N, W, Mentz,
Schech Sure, or Surde, small isl, in the Persian
gulf, Lon, 54" Sff E, Lat 26" ff N,
Scheduan, isl, 8 mfles long and 6 broad, in the
Red aea, Lat,,-27" 35' N,
Scheer, t. Wurlemberg, onthe Danube, 3 m, N.
W, Mengen, 44 S, Stuttgart, Lon, 9" 2ff E, Lat ¦
48° 3' N, Pop, 1,200,
Scheibenberg, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge
birg, 4 ra, N, E, Schwarzenburg, 18 S, Cheranitz,
Lon, 12°4ff E. Lat 50° 27' N,
Scheibs, t. Auatria, on the Erlebacfa, 20 ra. S,W ,
St, Polten, 44 W, S, W, Vienna,
Scheld, r. which riaea in France, about 8 ra, N,
of St. Quentin, and flowing N, passes by Cam-
fairay, Valenciennes where it becomes navigable,
Toumay, Ghent, Antwerp, &c. sorae lesigues be
low which it dividea into two strearas, tiie esist
and weat, the forraer passing by Berg op Zoom,
tfae latter by Flushing, and both run into the Ger
man aea, weat of the islands of Zealand,
ScheUenberg, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge
birg, 6 ra, E. Chemnitz,
ScheUenberg, t. Bavaria, 6 ra. N. N. E. Berch-
toldsgaden. Schdlin, t. Hungary, on the right bank of the
Waag, 20 ra. N. Coraorn.
Schelling, isl. in the North sea, belong'ing to
Holland, 5 leagues long, and one broad, 15 m. N.
of Harlingen, between Araelandt and Vlielandt
Schdlklingen, t. Wirteraberg, on tfae Aach, 8
m, W, Ulm, 36 W, Augsburg, Lon, 9° 46' E. Lat,
48° 22' N.
Sehdhburg, p-t, Bedford co. Pa,
Schemberg, t. Wurteraberg, 9 m. E, N, E, Roth
weil, 28 S, S, W. Stuttgard.
Schemnits, t Hungary, Il is a large and popu
lous town. In number of mine-works, it surpas
ses all the other mine-towns in Hungary, The
gold and silver mines here have greatly declined,
yet they still produce a Considerable quantity of
ore, and tfae workmen amount lo above 5,000. 80
m. E. Presburg, Lon, 19° Iff E, Lat, 47° SO' N,
Pop. 22,241.
Schenck, or Sche-ikan Schans, a atrong fortreas of
Guelderland, situated in an angle of the Beluwe,
where the Rhine divides il into two branches, one
of which passing by Nimmegen, is called Wahal;
the other, wluch runs towards Arnheim, preserves
its own name. It corapletely commanda the two
.streams, and is considered as the centre of com
munication between Germany and Holland. 3 m.
N. Cleves, 12 E. Nimmegen,
Schenectady, co, N. Y, in.cloaed by the counties
of Montgomery, Saratoga, Albany, and Schoharie,
Pop, 10,247,
Schenectady, city, p-t, and cap, Schenectady co,
N, Y, on the Mohawk, ISi m, N, W. Albany,
Tfae city, or part including the compact popula-
tion, is regularly laid out on a plain, on the S, E,
.lide of the river, and contains about 500 housea,
principally of brick, a college, a bank, the coun
ty bufldinga, and 4 houses of public worship, 1

S C H
for Preabyteriana, 1 for Dutch Reformed, I for
Methodista, and I for Epiacopaliana, Here is au
elegant wooden bridge over the Mohawk, Pop,
of the township, 5,909.
Union college in tfaia city waa incorporated in
1794, and ia a very flouriahing inatitution. The
college edificea are finely situated on an elevated
spot of ground, and contain accommodations for
more tfaan 200 students. Tfae pfailosophical ap
paratus is respectable. The library contains
about 5,000 volumes. The oflicera in 1820, were
a president ; 4 professors, 1 of^oral phikiso-
phy, I of mathematics, 1 erf the Greek and Latin
languages, smd 1 of tfae modem isinguages ; and 2
lutora. The number of atudents at the same pe
riod was 245, Tfae annual expenae of a student,
including board, tuition, and books, is about $140,
The requisites for admission into the Freshman
clasa EU-e a knowledge of Virgil's .^ueid, Cicero's
Select Orations, the Greek Testament, English
Grammar, and Vulgsir Arithmetic, 'The Com
raenceraent is on the 4th Wednesday iu July, af
ter wfaicfa there is a vacation of 8 weeks, "There
are two otfaer vacationa of 3 weeka esicfa, one be
ginning in December, the other in April,
Schening, or Skerting, t. Sweden, on the Skena,
17 m. W. Linkoping, 45 N. N. W. Calmar,
Scheningen, t Germany, 16 m, N, Halberstadt,
18 E. S, E, WoUenbutteL
Sclienkursk, t Russia, in Archai^el, 140 m, S,
S, E. Archangel, Lon, 42° 14' E, Lat 62° 30' N.
Scheppenstadt, t Germany, in tbe duchy of
Brunswick, 13 m. E, Wolfenbuttel.
Scherbro. See Sherbro.
Scherding, or Scharding, t Lower Austria, on
the Inn, with a Isuge fortified castie, 6 m. S. Pas
sau, 78 E. Munich. Lon, 13° 24' E, Lat 48° 26'N,
Schirenberg, t Germsmy, in Schwartzbuig-
Sonderfaausen, 6 ra, S, W, Sonderhausen, 16 N,
N. W, Muhlfaausen.
Sehesburg, or Segesvar, t. Transylvania, 47 m,
E, S. E, Colosvar, 120 N, E, Temesvar, Lon, 24"
32' E. Lat, 46° 24' N,
Schesslitz, t Bavaria, 8 ra, N, E, Bambeig, 26
W, Bayreuth,
Schevding, v. Holland, 3 m. N- W, Hague,
Schibam, city, Arabia, in Hadramaut, 200 m.
E, S, E, Sana, 250 N, E. Aden,
Schiedam, seaport, HoUsmd, on tfae canal,
which enters the Meuae a littie below the town, 4
ra, W, Rotterdara,
Schierke, t Pruasism states, in Saxony, 6 m, S,
Wemigerode, Schievdbien, t Pruasian states, in Pomerania,
on tfae Rega, 30 m. N, E, Stargard, 112 N, E.
Beriin, Lon, 43" 45' E, Lat 15° 44' N,
Schildo, t Prussian states, in Saxony, 7 m, W,
S. W. Torgau, 30 N. W. Meissen. Lon, 12° 56'E,
Lat, 51° 27' N,
Schildesche, t Prussian states, in Weatpfaalia, 2
m. N, W, Bielefeld.
Schile, t. Natolia, on the S, coaat of the Black
sea, 14 ra. N, laraid,
Schilu, or Chelaw, or Chetou, t Persia, in La
ristan, on tfae coast, 20 ra, S, E, Konkun, Lon,
52°lffE, Lat27°6ffN,
Schippenlteil, t Prusaian states, 34 m, S, S, E,
Konigsberg, Lon, 21° T E, Lat, 54° 7' N,
Schipurwvo, t. Russia, in Kolivan, 88 m, S. Ko
livan, Lon. 81" 44' E, Lat. 53° N,
Schipunskai, cape on the S, E, coast of Kams
chatka, Lon, 159° 44' E, Lat 63° Iff N,
Schiras, city, Persia, and cap of Farsistan, one

S C H
af the largest cities in Persia, is situated between
the mountains, in a plain between 7 suid 8 leaguea
long and about 4 broad. The city, wfaicfa ia about
6 miles round, is uot surrounded witfa walls, for
tfaey have been suffered to faU to ruin ; but the 4
gates, which reraain entire, are large, strong, and
covered with iron plates. It contains 15 large
mosques, besides rasuiy sraEdler ones, 1 1 colleges,
14 bazars, aad 13 caravanseras. Most of the
buUdings of tfae city are now in ruins, and the
streeta ao narrow and dirty, that Uiey are hardly
psissable in rainy seasons. The public gardens at
Schiraa, wfaich are about 20, sire exfreraely de
Ughtful. Tfae fertility of tfae country about Schi
ras is very aurpriaing. It producea tfae fineat hor
sea, the best pasturea, aud eapeciaUy the grape
irom whicfa is raade the wine of Schiras, esteeraed
the beat not only in Persia, but throughout the
east 160 ra. S. Ispahan, 249 E, Bassora, Lon,
52° 30' E, Lat 29" 37' N. Pop, estiraated at
40,000, ScAiruan, lately a province of Persia, now be
longing to Russia, bounded N. by Dagestan, E,
and S. E. by the Caspism sea, S, W, by Erivan,
and W. by Georgia, about 150 miles long and 9()
broad. 'The inhabitants are a mixture from the
neighbouring countries, with a great number of
vagabond Tartars, who chiefly aubaist by robbe
ries. The soil is exfremely fertile, producing
great quantitiea of rice, wheat, and barley, Sca-
macfaie is the capital,
Schlidcenwald, or Slawkow, t, Bohemia, 3 m, S.
Fi, Elnbogen, Lon, 12" Sff E, Lat, 60° 7' N, Pop,
3,200, Schlakenwert, t Boheraisi, 9 m, N. E, Elnbogen,
Lon, 12° 5ff E, Lat 50° 16' N. Pop, 1,300,
Schlan, t. Bohemia, 14 m, N. W. Prague, Lon,
14° 15' E. Lat 50° 15' N, Pop, 3, 124,
Schlaming, or Schladming, t Austrian stales,
on the river Ems, 36 m. W, S, W, Rotlenmami,
48 W, Judenburg,
Schlotten, v. Switzerlsrad, in Zurich, 2 ra. W,
Dissenhofen, Schlawd, t Sileaia, 12 m, N, Groa Glogau, Lon.
16° ff E, Lat, 51° 44' N,
Schlawe, or Slawe, or Stage, t Pruaaian slates,
in Pomerania, on the Wipper, 68 m- N. E. Star
gard, 62 E. N, E, Cammin, Lon. 16"2ff E, Lat
54" IffN.
Schleisheim, t Bavaria, where ia a royal pal
ace, 8 m. N. Munich,
Schleitz, t. Germany, in Reuss-Lobenatein,
17 m. W. S. W. Greitz, 17 S, S, W, Gera, Lon,
U" 5ff E. Lat 50" Sff N. Pop, 4,60a
Schlenter See, lake in Holstein, 14 mfles in cir
cumference, 3 m. W, Lutkenburg,
Schkltstatt, or Schlestot, t France, in Lower
Rhine, outhe IU, 3i posts N. Colmar, 6 S.S, W.
Strasburg. Lon. 7° 22' E. Lat 48" ff N.
Schkusingen, t Germany, on the Schleufs, 19
m, N, N, E, Scfaweinfurt, 10 S, E, Smalkalden,
Schkyden, or Schlieden, t Prussian atatea, iu
Lower Rhine, 40 ra, N, Treves, 25 S, W, Cologne,
Lon, 6° 25' E, Lat. 50° Sff N,
Schlieben, t Prussian atatea, in Saxony, 25 m. S,
E, Wittenberg, 40 N, Dreaden, Lon, 13° 36' E,
Lat 50" SffN,
Schlisselburg, t. Russisi, on lsike Ladoga, 32 ra,
E, Petersburg, Lon, 48° 44' E. Lat 60° N,
Schlitz, t Germany, in Hcsae-Casael, on the
Fulda, 7 m. N. N. W, Fulda, S3 E. Giessen,
Schlosser, t. Niagara co, N, Y. The aite ofthe
ild fort is on the E, side of Niagara, river, 2 m..

S C H

675

above the faUa, The portage around the falla ex
tends from thia place to Lewiston, 9 mflea,
Schluchteren, t. Germany, in Hease-Cassel, 14
m, S, W, Fulda, 26 E. N. E, Hanau.
Schlusselau, t. Bavarian Slates, 7 m, S, Bam
berg, Schlussdburg, t. Prussian states, in Weatphalia,
on the Weaei-, 13 m, N, E. Minden,
Schlussdburg, t. and fortress, Russia, near lake
Ladoga ; tfae fortress ia aituated on an island in the
river. The island on which Scfalusselburg stands
ia of an elliptical form, and about 175 fathoras
long and 75 broad. The ¦walla which surround it
in alraost all its extent, are built of atones and
brick. They are fifty feet higfa, and from 1 1 to 20
tfaick, 36 m. E, Peteraburg, Pop, 3, 128.
Schlussdfeld, t, Bavarra, 15 ra, S. W. Bamberg,
38 E. Wurzburg.
Schmalkalden. See Smalkalden.
Schmiedeberg, t Silesia. Here are raanufac
turea of steel and Unen. 7 ra. S. S. E. Hirschberg,
22 S. S. W. Jauer. Lon. 15° 5ff E. Lat. 50° 36' N.
Pop. 4,000.
Schmiedeberg, t. Prussian statea, in Saxony, 15
m. S. Dresden.
Schmogra, v. Sileaia, 5 m. N. N. E. Narabslau.
Schmolnitz, or Smelnitz, t. Hungary, celebrated
for its copper minea, 14 m. S. Kapstorf, 15 N. W.
Cascfaau. SchmoUen, t. Germany, iu Saxe-Gotha, in the
principality of Altenburg, 6 m. S. Altenburg, 52
W. Dresden. Lon. 12° 20' E. Lat. 60° 50' N.
Pop. 2,700,
Schmalsin, t. Pruasian states, iu Pomerania, 16
m, S. E. Stolpen,
Schmutter, r. Germany, which runs into the
Danube, al Ingoldstadt.
Schnackenburg, t. Hanover, in the principal ity
of Luneburg, on the Elbe, 10 m. N, N, W, See-
hauaen. Schneeberg, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge
birg, near the Mulda. It has manufactures of
thread, silk, gold, and silver lace, 7 m. N, W,
Schwarzenberg. Pop. 4,200.
Schneeberg, raountain, Austria, 12 m. S. Steyr,
Schodac, t. Rensselaer co. N. Y. on tfae Hudson,
9 ra. below Albany. Pop, 3,166, Here are two
landinga on tfae river, Schodac landing suid Cas
tleton, Schodac landing, p-v, Rcnsaalaer co. N. Y,
Schadlwein, or Schaidtwein, t Austria, with a
citadel built ou a higfa rock, 32 m. S. Vienna.
Scaghr, or Shogr, t. A. Turkey, on the Orontes,
40 m. W, Alejyo, 150 N. Daraaacus,
Schaenbrunn, Moravian settlement, Tuscara
was CO. Ohio, on the Muskingum, Sm, below New
Philadelphia. Schogk, or Choug, t. Syria, on the Orontes, 20
m, S, E. Antioch,
Schoharie, co. N. Y. inclosed by the counties of
Montgomery, Schenectady, Albany, Green, Del
aware, and Otsego. Pop. 18,945.
Schoharie, p-t. and cap. Schoharie co, N. Y. 32
m.W. Albany. Pop. 3,232. Tfae village of Scfao-
harie stands on the rich alluvial flats of Schoharie
creek, and conlsiins a court-faouse smd 2 churches,
and about 30 houses. Eight miles north is the
village of Esperance, where are a nuraber of
raflls. Scholiarie creek, r. N. Y. which rises in Wind-
ham,'on the W. side of the Catskill mountains, and
flowing N. W. pierces theae mountains, and pur
suing a northerly course 40 miles, joins the Mo-

676

S C H

S C H

hawk, opposite Tripe's hill. This creek has ex
tensive alluvial flats of reraarkable fertility,
Schakland, isl, in the Zuyder sea, near the coast
of Overyaael, about 3 milea long and 1 broad, 8
m, W, VoUenhoven,
Schamberg, or Ssumberg, t. Moravisi, aurround
ed with waUs, and defended by a citadel, 24 ra, N,
Olrautz, Lon. 16" 4ff E, Lat. 49° 52' N.
Schamberg, or Schamsberg, t. Silesia, 20 m, S,
W. Scfaweidnitz, 25 N, W. Glatz,
Schonau, t, Baden, on the Wiscn, 20 m, N, E,
Bale, 12 N, Laufenburg,
Schonau, t, Badeu, 5 m. N, E. Heidelberg,
Schonau, t. Silesia, on the Katzbach, 12 ra. W.
Jaur, 26 N. W. Schweidnitz. Lon. 15° 5ff E.
Lat 50° 57'N. Pdp. 1,000.
Schonau, t. Lusatia, 5 m. W, Zittau.
Sckonberg, t Silesia, 6 m. S. E. Gorlitz. Lon.
15° 9' E. Lat 51° 4' jy.
Schanbrunn, t. Austria, on the Danube, 3 m, W.
Vienna, j
Schonebeck, t Prusaian atates, in Saxony, on Uie
Elbe, with some salt-worfa, 10 ra, S, S, E. Mag
deburg, Pop, 4,300,
Schoneck, t. Saxony, in the Vogtland, 7 ra. E,
Oellnitz, Schoneck, t. Prussian states, 20 ra, S. Dantzig,
30 N, Culm.
Schonen, or Skanen, or Skania, province in the
S. of Sweden, bounded N, by Halland and Sma
land, E, by Blekingen and the Baltic, S. by the
Baltic, and W, by the Sound which separates it
from Denraark,
Schonfdd, t. Boheraia, 18 ra. Egra, Lon, 12°
4ffE. Lat50°5'N.
Scharflies, or Schawenfliet, t. Prussian atates, in
Brandenburg, 22 m, N, Custrin, 50 N, E, BerUn.
Pop. 1,900.
Schongou, t Bavaria, on the Lech, 8 ra. S.
Weilhaira, 92 W. Salzburg. Lon. 10° 5ff E. Lat
48" 45' N, Pop. 1,228,
Schansee, or Kawakwo, t Prussian states, 20 ra,
S, E; Cuhn,
Schonwolde, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 8 m.
S, W, Dahrae, 21 E. Wittenberg.
Schoodic. See St. Croix river, Maine.
Schoodic Lakes, a chain of lakes in Washington
CO. Maine, from which issues St. Croix river.
Scheoly Mount, p-t Morris co. N. J.
Sehoonhaven, t Holland, oil the N. side of the
river Leek, 10 m. N. E. Dort, 13 S. W. Utrecht
Schopfhim, or Sehopfen, t. Baden, on the Viese,
14 m. N, E, Bale, 7 N, Rheinfelden, Pop, 1,070,
Schard, v. Holliind, 5 m. N, N, W. Alcraaer,
Schorndarf, t. Wirtemberg, on the Rems, 28 ra,
N, N. W. Ulm, 16 E. Stuttgart, Lon, 9° 37' E,
Lat, 48° 4ff N, Pop, 3,600.
Scharagalskoi, t. Russia, iu Irkutsk, 60 m, S,
Selenginsk, Sehotlen, t Hesse-Dannstadt, 16 m. E. S. E.
Giessen, 26 N, E, Frankfort on the Maine, Pop,
1,730. Schoutcn's Island, isl, in the E, Indian sea, 120
mfles in circuraference, Lon, 136" 2ff E, Lat 0"
30' S,
Schouten's Islands, nearthe coast of New Hol
land, Lon, 148° 9' E. Lat 43" 12' S.
Schowwen, or Schawen, isl. al the mouth of the
Scheldt, N- E, of the island of Walcheren, 14 ni,
from E, to W, and 5 from N, to S, Ziriczee is the
chieftown, Schramberg, t. Wurtemburg, on the Schfltach,

10 m. N, W, Rothweil, 12 S. Freudenstadt, Lon
8° 22' E. Lat 48° II' N. Pop. 1,900,
Schraplou, t. Prussian States in Saxony, 6 m,
S, E, Eiszleben,
Schrattenthal,t. Austria, 33 m, N. N, W, Vienna.
Lon, 15° 51' E, Lat 48° 4ff N,
Schriebershau, v. Silesia, celebrated for itaglass-
houaes, 7 ra, S, W, Hirschberg.
Schrobenhausen, t. Bavaria, 21 ra. N. E. Augs
burg, 8 S. S. E. Neuburg. Lon. 1 1° ff E. Lat 48''
31' N. Pop. 1,500.
Sehidiper Islands, 2 of the Laccadive Islands.
Lon. 71° 50' to 72° E. Lat. 10" to 10° 10' N.
Schulpe, or SchiUpensiel, s-p. Holstein, on the
left bank of the Eyder, near its raouth. Lon. 9°
E. Lat 54° 2ff N.
Schungo, t. Russia, in Olonetz, on Onezakoe
Lake, 20 m. S. Povenetz.
Schunter, r. Germany, whicfa runa into the
Ocker, 7 ra. below Brunawick.
Sckurgast, t. Silesia, 11 ra. N.N. W.Oppehi, 10
S, E, Brieg, Lon, 17" 4ff E, Lat 60° 4ff N,
Schussenried, a princely abbey of Germany, 6 m,
S, S, E- Buchau, 25 S, W. Ulra.
Schutt, or Schit, isl. of Hungary, formed by the
Danube, 30 miles long and 10 broad. The N. W.
extremity is a UtUe below Preaburg,
Schultenhafen, or S-usce, or Sutchutz, t Bohe
mia, 65 m, S, S, W, Prague, Lon, 13° 28' E, Lat
49° 12'N,
Schuyler, t Herkimer co, N, Y. 10 m, N, W,
Herkiraer. Pop, 2,107.
Schuyler's, lake, Otsego co, N. Y. 4 m, E. Ot
sego lake. It ia 6 miles long smd 1 broad, and dis
charges its waters through Osik's creek into the
Susquehannsifa. Schuylkill, r. Pennsylvania, wfaicfa rises N, W,
of tfae Kittatinny mountains, and after a S, E
course of 120*miles, falla into tfae Delaware, oppo
site Mud Istand, 6 or 7 miles below Philadelphia.
There are falls 6 milea above Philadelphia, and
others at Norriatown. But these have been sur
mounted, and a canal ia now in progress connec
ting the 'Tulpehocen, wfaich falls into tfae Schuyl
kill just above Reading, with tfae Swatara, which
falla into the Susquehannah at Middletown. The
bridge over tfae ScfauylldU in Philadelphia ia a au-
perb structure.
Schuylkill, co. Pa. Chieftown, Orwigsburg.
SchuylkiU, t. Berks co. Pa. Pop. 353.
Schwabach, t. Bavaria, on a river of the same
name, 10 m. S. S. W. Nureraburg, HE. Anspach.
Pop- 6,588.
Schwabach, v. Gerraany, whicfa runs into the
Rednitz at Erlang.
Schwobmunchen, t, Bavaria, on tfae Sinekel, U
m. S, Augsburg, 14 N. E, Mindelfaeim.
Schwodorff', t. Austria, 9 m, S. E. Vienna,
Schwalm, r. Hesse, which joins the Eder near
Felsberg. Schicalm, r. Germany, which runs intothe Wip
per, 2 m. E. S. E. Barmen.
Schwon, t. Mecklenburg, on Uie Warnow, 8 m,
S. Roatock. Lon, 12° 14' E, Lat. 53' 6ff N.
Schwanden, t. Swisserland, in Glarua, 5 m, S.
Glarus, Schwondorf, I, Bavaria, 20 m, N, Ratiabon, 13
S. S. E. Amberg,
Schwanbeck, t. Prussian Saxony, 5 m. N. E. Hal
berstadt, 10 N, Quedlinburg, Pop, 1,800,
Schwannastadl, t Lower Auatria, on the Ager,
106 W. Vienna, Lon, 13° 4ff E. Lat, 48" ff N,
Schwansee, t Germany, 6 m. E. Erfurt

S C H

S C I

677

Schvartza, or Schwarzawa, or Swarta, r. Mora
via, which passes by Brunn, aud runs into the Ig
lau, Schwartsback, v. Germany, which rises near
Darmstadt, and runs into the Rhine 2 miles above
its union with the Main.
Schwortzburg. See Schwarzburg.
Schwartsenburg, t. Swisserland. The infaabi
tants spesik the German language, and sure uni
versally Protestants, 17 ra. S. S. W. Berne, 10 S.
E. Friburg.
Scliwartsenfeh, t Gerraany, 14 m. S. Fulda, 32
E. Hanau.
Schwarzach, t Baden, 8 m. W. S. W. Baden.
Schworsau, r. Gerraany, which runs into the
Rednitz, 10 m, S, Nuremberg.
Schworsburg-Sonderhausen, a principality of
Germany, almost surrounded by tfae Prussian do
minions. It contsiina 600 square miles, and ac
cording to tfae oflicial return in 1818, 45,117 in
habitants, with a revenue of 25,000/. sterling.
Amstadt and Sonderhausen are the chief towns.
Schwarsburg-Rudolstadt, principality, Germa
ny, lying S. E. of Schwarzburg Sonderhausen, and
almost surrounded by tfae territories of the house
of Saxe. It containa 484 square miles, and ac
cording lo the official return in 1818, 53,937 in
faabitants, witfa a revenue of 22,000/. aterUng.
Rudolstadt is the principal town.
Schwarzburg, t Scfawrarzburg-Rudolstadt, 8 m.
W. SaaU"eld.
Schwarsenberg, t. Saxony, in the circle of tfae
Erzgebirg. In the neighbourhood are aeveral
iron forgea ; and minea wfaich yield both tin and
lead. 48 m. S. W. Dresden, 18 S. Cheranitz.
Lon. 12" 38' E, Lat, 50° 34' N,
Schwartz, t Upper Austria, on the Inn, Near
il is a raine of silver and copper, in wfaicfa 1,000
men are eraployed. Here is likewise a good glaaa-
houae, 14 ra. E, N, E, Innspruck, 54 S, W. Sals-
burg, Lon. 11° 46' E, Lat 47° 21' N. Pop. 7,460,
Schwedt, t. Brandenburg, on the Oder, 46 ra. N.
E. Berlin. Lon. 14° 2ff E. Lat. 53° ff N, Pop,
4,200. Schweidnitz, city, ?Silesia, fortified witfa regular
and very strong works. 26 ra. S. W. Breslau, 86
N. N. W. Olmutz, Lon. 16" 2ff E, Lat. 60° 40' N,
Pop, 8,300,
Schweinfurt, or Suirford, t. Bavaria, on the
Maine, over wfaicfa is a stone bridge. Its chief
trade ia in cloth, linen, and feathers, 28 ra, N. N,
E, Baraberg, 64 E, Franckfort-on-the-Maine,
Lon. 10° 2ff E. Lat 50° ff N. Pop. 5,100.
Schweinits, t Prussian Saxony, on the Schwartz
Elater, 10 ra. S. S. E. Zafana, 12 E. Wittenberg.
Lon. 13° ff E. Lat 51° 47' N, Pop. 700.
Schweitz, or Schwitz, canton, Swiaaerland, and
tfae fifth in order, bounded N. by Zurich, E. by the
bailiwick of Gaster sind the canton of Glarus, S,
by Uri, and W. by Lucerne, Zug, and Zurich ;
about 24 railes in length, and 18 in breadtfa, Tfae
country is mountainous, intersected witfa fertile
vaUies, The principal commerce is in cattle. The
inhabitants are Roraan CathoUca, Pop, 31,000,
Schweitz, t. Swisserland, and cap, of a canton of
the aarae narae, 16 m. E, S. E. Lucerne, 26 S. Zu
rich. Lon, 8° 2ff E, Lat, 46° 57' N,
Schwelm, t. Prusaian Statea, in Westphalia, 22
m, N, E, Cologn, 22 E, Du.sseldorf, Pop, 2,300,
Schwerin, city of tfae ducfay of Mecklenburg, tfae
usual residence of the dukes of the Schwerin line,
ia situated on a plesisant lake. The duke's palace
stands on an island in the lake, bejng fortified and

coraraunicating with tfae town, by means of a
bridge. 34 ra. E. S. E. Lubeck, 40 E. N. E. Lau
enburg. Lon. 11° 24' E. Lat 53° 4ff N. Pop.
10,000. *
Schwerin. See Mecklenburg,
Schwerte, or Schwierte, t. Prussian Statea, in
WeatphaUa, 64 ra, E. N, E, Dusseldorf, 38 N, N,
E, Cologn. Lon. 7° 32' E, Lat, 51° 24' N, Pop,
1,740, Schwesnitz, r. Germany, which runs into the
Saal, near Kotzau,
Sohwets, t. Prussian States, on the W, side ofthe
Vistula, with a castle, 7 m, N, Culm,
Schwibusin, or Schwiebus, t. Prussian States, in
Brandenburg, 40 m, N, N, W, Gros Glogau, SO
E. Francforl on the Oder. Lon. 15° 42' E. Lat
52° 2^ N. Pop. 3,100.
Schwinemunde, t. Pruaaian States, on the E.
coast of tfae isle of Uscdora, on one of tfae mouths
of the Oder, 14 ra. N. N. E. Uckerraunde, 12 E.
Usiedom. Lon. 14° 12' E. Lat 53° 56' N.
Schwinge, or Swinge, or Zwinge, r. Germsmy,
which runs into tfae Elbe. Lon. 9° 23' E. Lat. 53°
38' N.
Schwitz. See Schweitz.
SHchili, t. Sicily, in the valley of Noto, 30 m.
S. W. Syracuse. Lon. 14° 54' E. Lat. 36° 37' N.
Sciefames, v. Paleatine, 12 m. W. Acre.
Sciati, or Skioti, amall ial. in tfae Grecian Ar
cfaipelago, 18 m. N. Negroponte. Lon. 23° 38' E.
Lat. 39° 2ff N.
Sciglio, t Naplea, in Calabria Ultra, on a rocky
proraontory, anciently caUed Scylla, and celebra
ted for ahip wrecka. The ancient Scylla, or rock
so beautifully described by Horaer, rises like a
round lower, and towards the sea presents a sfaarp
tfaree forked cliff, in whicfa are found tfae three
rows of teeth of Horaer. Its form is atriking and
inspires terror. 10 m. N. N. E. Reggio. Lon.
16° 2' E. Lat 38° 14' N.
Scilly Islands, a cluster of islands at the entrance
of the Englisfa channel, situated due W. frora the
Lizard Point, and seen in a clear day frora tfae
Land's End. St. Mary'a is tfae largest, contsiining
1,271 inhabitants. Its greatest length is 2J miles.
The hills are rocky, rising in some places to a
great height, and abound in raineral ores, Thia
ialand ia defended by a atrong garrison, situated
upon the W,part ofit About a mile S, W, ofthe
S. part of St, Mary's Garrison, Uea St, Agnea'
Island, upon which stands a very high and strong
Ught-house, Lon, 6° 0' to 6° Sff W. Lat, 49° 64'
to 60° 2'N,
Scilly Islands, ialands or shoals, in the Pacific
ocean, extremely dangerous, Lon. 165" 30' W.
Lat. 16° 2ff S,
Scio, or Chios, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago,
30 mfles long, and frora 10 lo 18 wide. This island
is raountainoua and bare of wood. Tfae produc
tions arc wfaeat, btirley wine, and oil. Oranges,
lemons, and bergamot-cilrons are important arti
cles of trade ; bul the most considerable raer
chandize is their ailk, of thia they make, one year
with anolher, 30,000 Iba. It is estimated that
500 looras are employed in the raanufacture
of ailk stuffs, and the trade of the various stuffs
raanufaclured at Scio is estiraated at upwarda of
6,000,000 Uvres. The other wares of the island
are wool, c'faeese, figs, and mastic. The turpen
tine has been long in great estimation. In no isl
and in tfae Archipelago nor in any country of Tur
key are the lands better cultivated, commerce
more active, or induatry greater than in Scio,

678

SCO

SCR

The inhabitants are reraarkably inteUigent, Pop.
eatimated at 110,000, principally Greeks, Not
more than 4,000 are Turks, Lon, 25° 54' E, Lat
S8° SO' N, ^
Scio, a-p, and cap, ofthe isl, of tfae same name.
Its harbour, wfaicfa is none of the beat, is the ren
dezvous, of aU shipping going or reluming be
tween Constantinople, Syrisi, and Egypt, It is a
well built town, and defended by a citadel, with a
conaiderable garriaon. Pop, 30,000, viz, 3,500
Turka, 26,500 Greeks, and 100 Jews. Lon, 26°
0° E, Lat. 38° 2ff N.
Scioto, r, Ohio, whicfa after a soutfaerly course
of 170 railes, falls into tfae Ofaio, at Portsmouth, It
ie navigable 130 milea, and ia connected with the
Sanduaky by a portage of 4 milea,
Scioto, CO. Ohio, on Ohio and Scioto rivera. Pop,
in 1815, 3,870, Chieftown, Portsmouth,
Scioto, t. Ross CO, Ohio, on Scioto river, in
whicfa is Cfaillicotfae, tfae county seat. Pop, in
1819, 3,245.
Sdota, t. Delaware co, Ofaio, on- Scioto river,
Scioto, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on Scioto river, 12
m. above CircleviUe,
Scioto, t. Jackaon co, Ohio.
Seiato salt springs, p-v. Roas co. Ohio,
Scipio, p-t Cayuga co. N, Y, on Cayuga lake,
11 ra. S. Auburn, 180 W. Albany, Pop, 7,100,
Here is an academy. In this town is the village
of Aurora, Sciro, or Scyro, ial. in the Grecian Archipelsigo,
about 60 miles in circuraference. It is very
mountainous, bul produces wheat and barley suf
ficient for the inhabitants. The wine and cheese
are excellent- The inhabitants collect large
quantities of wax and sorae mastic, Lon. 24° 33'
E. Lat 38" 52' N, Pop. 1 ,500.
Scituate, s-p, and p-t Plymouth co. Mass, 20 m,
N, Plymouth, 30 S, E. Boston. Pop 2,969,
Scituate, p-t. Providence co. R. I. 12 m. W.
Providence, 27 N. W, Newport Pop, 2,568,
Here is an acaderay, a bank, a foundry of cannon
and bells, and several cotton factoriea,
Sckozaw, or Skalschau, t Sileaia, in the princi
paUty of Teachem. Lon. 18" 43' E, Lat. 49" 4ff N.
Sclavonia, a country of Europe, between the
rivera Drave and Danube on the N. and Save on
the S. ; bounded N. by Hungary, E. by the ban
nat of Temeavar and Servia, S, by Servia and
Bosnia, and W. by Croatia ; about 150 milea long,
and from 25 to 45 broad. It is a fine, level, fruit
ful country, wfaere cultivated ; but faaving been
for raany years a frontier province againat Tur
key, and aubject to the ravagea ofthe Chriatian sis
well as the Turkiah armies, il has produced but
little corn or wine. The Rascians inhabit the esis
tern division of the country ; and the nativea in
general are a brave hardy race, aoldiera frora
their cradlea. The ancient Sclavonia contained
many large countriea ; some have extended it
from tfae Adriatic to the Euxine sea.
Scombraria, sraall isl. in the Mediterranean, at
the entrance into the harbour of Carthagena,
Scone, or Scoon, t. Scotland, in Perth co, on the
Tay, noted as the place of crowning the kings of
ScoUand. 2 m. N, Perth.
Sconondoah, p-v. Oneida co, N, Y, on a small
creek of the sarae narae, which runs into Oneida
creek, Scaodic. See St. Croix river, Maine,
Scoonic, t. Scotland, in Fifeahire, 10 m, S, W, St,
Andrews, 24 N. N. E, Edinburg,
Scopitt, or Uscup. See Skopia.

Scopolo, isl. in the Grecian Archipels^o, Lon
23° 52' E. Lat 39° 26' N,
Scorf, r. France, in Morbihan, which runs into
the sea, 6 ra. S, L'Orient
Scotch Fir Point, cape on the N, W, coast of
Araerica, in the gulf of Georgisu Lou, 236° 17'
E, Lat 49° 42'N,
Scotch plains, p-v. Essex co, N, J. on a N. E,
branch ofthe Raritan, 11 m, W, Elizabethtown,
Scotlond, country, Europe, whicfa united with
England and Walea, forraa Great Britain ; and aa
a mark of distinction, is frequentiy caUed ,/Vor(A-
Britoin. It is bounded S, E, by England, and on
all other sides by the aea. The length from N, t»
S. ia about 270 miles. Area, 30,238 square mfles.
The coasts are intersected by innumerable lochs
and bays.
The Grampian hills which commence at Loch
Lomond, near the raouth of tfae Clyde, andrunN,
E, corapletely across the country to Aberdeen on
the Germsm ocean, are the natural boundary be
tween the Highlands and Lowlands of Scotland,
Tfae country nortfa of the GrampiEm faills, except
a sraall district on tbe eastem coast, consistsof
barren hilla and mountains, interspersed •with nu
raerous lakes, and sorae fertile valUes, ScoUand
feeds vast herda of cattie, and tfae faUla are covered
with sheep. Grass, oats, and turnips are the prin
cipal agricultural productions. Iron, coal, and .
lead are the principal minerals.
The eatabliahed religion is Presbyterian, The
establishraent ia divided into 15 Synods, which are
subdivided into 78 Presbyteries. They are all un
der- the govemraent of tfae General Assembly.
Tfae nuraber of ministers connected with the ea-
tablisfaraenl in 1803, was 936, Scotlsradia cele
brated for its excellent syslera of education. There
is no country in Europe w'nere the lower classes
are so universally taught to read and write,
Tfapre are universities at St Andrewa, Absrdeen,
Edinburgh and Glasgow, Scotisrad is represent
ed in the British parlisiment by 16 peers and 45
comraoners. The 16 peers su-e elected for every
new parlisiraent by the whole body of the peerage
duly qualified to vole, Tfae whole number of
Scotch peei-s in 1811 was 82, Pop, iu 1811,
1,804,864, Scotland neck, p-t HaUfax co, N, C.
Scotlond society, p-v, Windham co, Ct,
ScoVs Bay, bay, on tfae S, W, exfremity of
Dominica. 4 m, S, Charlotte Town.
ScaVs Head, cape, at the S, exfremity of Domi
nica, Lon. 6 1° 24' W, Lat. IS" 20' N,
Scott, t. York CO. Up. Canada, N. of York.
Scott, t. CorUandtco- (N. Y.) N. of Homer,
Scott, CO, in the S, W. psirt of Va,
Scott, CO. Ken, Pop, 12,419, including 3,732
slaves, Cfaief town, Georgetown, Attfaecourt,-
houae ia a post oflice,
Scottsboraugh, v. Baldwin co, Geo, about 10 m,
S, Milledgeville,
Scottsburg, p-v, Halifax co, Va,
ScotVs FeiTy, p-v. Alberaarle co, Va, ¦
ScotVs Islands, cluster of ialanda in the Pacifis
Ocean, near the N, W, cosist of tfae ialand of Qua
dra and Vancouver, Lon, 231" 2' E, Lat 50° 57' N,
Scottsville, p-v. Powfaattan co. Va.
Scottsville, p-t. and cap, Allen co. Ken,
Scouzie Plead, cape, ScoUand, on tfae E, coast
of Cailhneas, 3 m. S, Duncanaby Head, Lon, 2°
2ff W, Lat,'58°S1'N,
Scriba, p-t, Oswego co, N, Y. on the W, side of
Oswego river at its mouth. The village of Oswe
go is aituated partly in this town.

SEA

S E D

679

.Scriren, co, Geo, between Savsmnah and Oge
chee rivers. Pop, 4,477, including 1,816 slavea,
Cfaief town, Jacksonborough,
Scroon, p-t, Essex co, N, Y, Pop, 689, It con
taina 2 settlements, Dominick, 10 m, S, W, ofthe
headof Scroon lake, and Pendleton, 20 ra, N, W,
Dominick, Scroon, r. N, Y, the N, E, branch of the Hudaon,
Scroon lake is an expansion of this river 8 railes
long and 1 broad, and is 12 m, W, of the north end
of Lake George, Scroon river unites witfa tfae N,
brancfa ofthe Hudson 8 ui. N. W. CEddwell,
Scudenes, or Scuteness, isl. near tfae cosist of Nor.,
way, 20 railes in circuraference, 18 ra. N. W.
Stavanger. Seuffletoitn, p-v. Laurens co. S. C.
Scull camp, p-v. Surry co. N. C.
Scutari, t Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on a lake to
which it givea name, 52 m. S. E. Rsigusa, 448 W.
Conatantinople. Lon. 19° 14' E, Lat, 42" 27' N,
Pop, 20,000,
Scutari, t, A. Turkey, in NatoUa, on the Bos
phorus, oppoaite Conatantinople.
Scuitack Point, cape, on the cosist of Maine.
Lon. 67" 68' W, Lat 44" 18' N.
Scylla. See Sciglio.
Scyro. See Sciro.
Sea Wolves' Island, isl. in the Gulf of St, Law
rence, near the W. coast of Cape Breton, Lon,
61. W. Lat 46" 21' N.
Seabrook, t. Rockingham co. N. H. on the sea
coast, 6 m. N. Newburyport, 9 frora Exeter. Pop.
774. Seabrook See Saybrook.
Seaford, t Eng. in Sussex. It is a cinque port,
and sends two raembera "to parUaraent 10 ra. S.
Lewes, 59 S. London. Lon. 0° 7' E. Lat 50° 46' N.
Seakonk, p-t. Briatol co. Msiine.
Seakonnet point, and rocks, the S. extreraity of
the eastern shore of Narraganset bay, R, I, 6 ra, E,
S,E. Newport,
Seahorse point, cape, on a peninsula iu Hudaon'a
Bay. Lon. 82° 10' W, Lat 64° N,
Seal, t Pike co. Ohio, in wfaicfa is Piketon, the
county seat.
Seal Island, near the S, W, coast of Nova Sco
tia, Lon. 66° W. Lat, 43° 26' N,
Seal Island, ist in the Atlantic, near the coaat
of .Maine. Lon. 68° 40' W, Lat 43° Sff N.
Seal Islands, cluster of smsdl islands, in the At
lantic, near tfae coast of Maine, Lon, 67° 46' W,
Lat44°4ffN. Seal Islands, cluster of small islands near tfae E,
coast of Labrador, Lon. 55" Iff W. Lat, 53° 15' N,
Seal Key, small isl. near tfae Muaquito sfaore.
Lon, 82" 4ff W, Lat 12" 54' N,
Seakole, t. Hind, in Lahore, 60 m, N. N, E, La
hore. Lon. 73° 50' E. Lat 31° 44' N.
Searcey's, p-v. Montgomery co. Ten.
Searsburg, t. Bennington co. Vt. 12 m. E. Ben^
ninglon. Smrsmont, t. Hancock co. Maine 25 m. W. Cas
tine. Seaton, or Port Seaton, a-p. Scotland, iu Had
dingtonshire, on the Firth of Forth, 5 ra. W. N.
W. Haddington, 8 E. Edinburgh. Lon. 3° 6ff W.
Lat 55° 58' N.
Seaton Nook, cape, Eng, on the E, coast of Dur
ham, al the raouth ofthe Tees, 5 m, S, S E, Har
tlepool, 5 N, Tyneraouth,
Seaton, r. Eng, which runa into the English
Channel, 3 m, E, Looe, in CornwalL

Seaton Ddavol, I, Eng, in Northumberland, 10
ra, N, E, Newcaslle, Lat, 55° 6' N,
Sebago, or Sebacook, lake, Maine, 18 ra, N. Port
land, Ils extent, including Long pond, with
which itis connected on the N, is 30 mflea, audits
watera are diacharged through Presurapacut river
into the AUantic,
Sebostieook, r. Maine, which joins IhUtE, side of
the Kennebec, in Winslow,
Sebostieook, t. Somerset co, Maine, Pop. 105,
Scbttsti, t, Syria, the remains of the ancient city
of Samaria, once the capital of Israel. It is now
depopulated, and the greater part converted into
gsirdena. 84 ra. N. N, E. Jeruaalera,
SeftAa Ra-us, or Seien Capes, a cape on the coast
of Algiers, Lon. 6° 32' E, Lat 37° ff N,
Sebeck, t. Penobscot co, Maine, 35 m, N, W,
Bangor, Sebenico, s-p, Dalmatia, on the Kerka, near the
Adriatic, and one of the strongest towns on the
coast, witfa a large faarbour, and defended by four
citadels, 29 ra, N, Trau, 25 N, W, Spalatro,
Lon, 16° Iff E. Lat, 44° Sff N, Pop, 6,800.
Sebere, r. Naplea, wfaicfa runa into tfae aea, near
Naples. The water of this river auppUea the
fountaina sind aqueducts of that city.
Sebese, or Pulo Bicie, amall ial. in the Straits of
Sunda. Lon. 105" 27' E. Lat 5° SO' S.
Sebnitz, t. Saxony, in Meiaaeu, 20 ra. E. S. E.
Dreaden. Lon, 14" 2ff E, Lat 50" Sff N, Pop.
2,250, Se*o/a, I. Portugal, in Beira, 21 ra. N. N. W.
Baatel Branco, 30 W. S, W, Guarda.
Seboo, or Subu, r. Africa, whicfa passes by tfae
city of Fez, and runs into tfae Atlsintic, a Utile be
low Marmora,
Sebsvar, t. Persia, in Cfaorasan, 180 ra, N, W.
Herat, Lon. 56° 12' E. Lat, 36° 1 1' N,
Secas, cluater of amall ialanda in the Pacific
Ocean, near the coast of Veragua, Lon, 83° 16'
W. Lat 8° 20' N,
Seca, (La,) I. Spain, in Leon, 14 m, S. S. W,
Valladolid, 8 N. Medina del Campo,
Secchia, r. Italy, whicfa runs into the Po, S ra, N.
Quistello, in Mantua.
Sechien, t, Persia, in Kerman, on the N, coast
of the Persian Gulf, 141 m, S, Sirgian.
Sechura, t. Peru, in Truxillo, on tfae river Piu
ra, about a lesigue from tfae Pacific Ocean, The
inhabitants are all Indians, and consist of nearly
400 farailies, principally eraployed in fishing or
driving of mulea, "The Desert of Secfaura is si
frigfatful waate of sand, extending thirty leaguea,
180 m, N, N. W, Truxillo, 30 S. S. E. Payta.
Seckou, t Austrian Stales, 8 m. N. E. Juden-
berg. Seckenheim, or Sohemheim, t. Baden, 4 ra. E.
Manheim. Seckingdan, v. Eng. in Warwick, 4 m. N. E,
Tamworth, 117 N. N. W. London.
Seckingen, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 4 ra, W. Lau
fenburg, 1 4 E. Bale. Lon, 8" E. Lat 47° 34' N.
Second moan, t. Beaver co. Pa, Pop, 1,245.
Secundarah, t. Hind, in Delhi, 28 m. S. E, Delhi,
68 N, Agra, Lon, 78° 7' E. Lat 28° 22' N,
Secunderpour, t Hind, iu Benares, on the De
wah, 35 m, E. N. E. Gazypour,
Seczeniago, a town of European Turkey, in
Dobruz Tartary, on the Danube, 20 rafles N, Kir
sova, Sedan, t. France, in Ardennes, on the Meuse
Il is atrongly fortified, and reokoned one ofthe keys

680

SEE

S E G

of France, I3J posts S. S, W, Liege, 30i E. N, E,
Paris, Lon, 5° ff E, Lat 49° 42' N,
Sedbergh, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 11 ra, N, Kendal,
27 1 ,N, London, Lon, 2" Sff W, Lat 54° 13' N,
Seddkscomb, v. Eng, in Sussex, 3 ra, N, W,
Battel, Sedger River, r. Patagonia, which runs into the
Straits of Magellan, The mouth is in the W, part
of Port Famine. *
Sedgfidd, t. Eng. in Durhara, 9 ra. S, E. Dur
hara, 253 N, London, Lon, 1° 2ff W, Lat, 54°
45' N, a,,
Sedgley, t. Eng, in Stafford, 4 ra. S, Wolverhamp
ton, 124 N, W. London.
Sedgmoor, tract of land Eng. in Somersetshire,
meraorable for tfae defeat of the Duke of Mon
mouth, in 1685, It ia between Somerton and
Bridgewater, Sedgwick, p-t Hancock co, Maine, on the E,
side of Penobacot bay, 6 ra. E, Castine, Pop, 1,352.
Sedre Passage, channel on the N. coaat of Suma-
trsi, between Pulo Nancy and King's Poinl,
Sedunova, t. Rusaisi, in Irkutsk, on tfae Lena, 12
m. N, Orlenga,
See Amol, smsdl isl, near tfae E . coEist of Borneo,
Lon, 118° 4ff E. Lat 5° 27' N,
See Bangog, small isl. near tfae E. coast of Bor
neo. Lon. 1 J8° 24' E. Lat. 4° Iff N.
Seeassee, small isl. in the Sooloo Archipelsigo.
Lon. 120° 5ff E, Lat, 5° 2ff N,
Seebergen, t. Germany, in the duchy of Gotha,
Here is a celebrated observatory, erected by a
late duke, 4 miles E, S. E, Gotha,
Seebgunge, I, Hind, in Bengal, on the left bank
of tfae Ganges, 5 m, N. Boglipour,
Seeburg, t. Prussia, 55 ra, S, Konigsberg, Lon,
20° 4ff E, Lat, 53° 31' N,
Seeching, or Seechy, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 4 ra, S
Lynn, 98 N. London,
Seedy Abddmoumen, t. Algiers, in Treraejen, on
the coast of tfae Mediterranean, with a good road
for ships, 4 ra, S. W, Mejerda,
Seedy Abdullah, t Morocco, on the coast of the
Atiantic, 30 ra. N. Mogador.
Seedy Doude, t. Tunis, situated at the N. ex
treraity of .the peninsula of Dakkul, surrounded
with the ruins, of the ancient Misua. 10 m. S. W.
Cape Bon, 150 N. E. Tunis.
Seedy Occvbo, I. Africa, in Zaab, 15 m. S. E,
Biscara, Seehousen, t. Prussian Stales, 40 m, N. W. Bran
denburg, 62 W. N.W, BerUn, Lon. ITSffE.
Lat 52" Sff N.
Seekhonk, the name of Pawtucket river below
Pawtucket falls.
Seekhonk, t. Bristol co. Mass. on the E. side of
Pawtucket river, 19 m. S. VV, Taunton, 38 S. S.
W. Boaton. The village of Pawtucket is partly in
this town.
Seelond. See Zealand.
Sedburg, or Sehnpills, t. on the Dwina, 50 ra. S.
E. Riga, 60 E. S, E. Mittau,
Sedow, t. Brandenburg, 10 m, W, Custrim, 31
E, Beriin, Pop, 1,500.
Seeneendoong, small isl. near the N. coast of
Borneo. Lon. 1 17" 44' E. Lat 7° 4ff N,
Seeporran, sraall isl, near the E. coast of Borneo,
Lon, 118° 23' E, Lat 4° ffN,
Seer, t. Arabia, in Ommon, and cap. ofa princi
pality, whicfa lies along the Peraian G nlf. It has
a good harbour,and is the seat of the schiccfa. The
prince makes sorae figure araong the maritime
powers in these parts. His navy is one of tho

moat considerable in the Persian Gulf. 108 m. W.
S. W. Julfan Lon. 54° SffE. Lat 25° N.
Seerd, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, 55 m. E, Di-
arbek, 100 N, N, W, Mosul,
Sees, t. France, in Orne, on the Orne, 2J posts
N. Alencon, 9 | S, Caen, Lon, 0° Iff E, Lat 48°
36'N, Seeseen, t. Brunswick, 4 m, E, Gandersheim, 40
W, Goslar,
Seeskar, araaU isl. in tfae Gulf of Fintand. Lon.
25° 11' E. Lat 60" 5'N,
Seetopoon, t. Bengal, 20 m. N. N. W, IslajuabaO,
Lon. 91° 4ff E,;Lat, 22°37' N,
Seewah. See Siwa.
Seewee Bay. See Sewee.
¦Segeborg, t.Bohtein, 18 ra. N, W, Lubeck, 28
N. E; Haraburg. LoU. 10° 19' E. Lat 53° 58' N,
Pop, 850,
Segeston, province, Persia, bounded N, by Cho-"
rasan, E, by Candahar, and Sablestsm, S, by Me
cran, W, by Kerman and Farsistan, ancientiy caU
ed Drangiana. Zareng is the capital,
Seglinge, smaU ial, in tfae Baltic, near the coast
of Fintand, Lon. 20" Sff E, Lat 60° 14' N,
Segno, s-p. Morlacfaisi, on the Adriatic, declar
ed a free port, and erected into a bishopric, hythe
Emperor Joseph II, in the year 1785. It is ill buflt,
and weakly fortified. Lon. 15" 3' E. Lat 45" 4' N.
Pop. about 7,000.
Segni, t. Popedom, in tfae Campagna di Roma,
the see ofa bishop, 16 m. W. Alatra, 25 S, E. Rome.
Sega, city, Africa, and capital of Bambarra, on
the Niger, According to Mr. Park, it conaiats,
properly, of four diatinct tovms ; two on each side
of the Niger, and all surrounded with high mud
walls : the houses are built of clay, of a square
forra, with flat roofs ; sorae of tfaem have two ato
ries, and many of tfaem are wfaile-wasfaed. Moor-
isfa mosques are seen in every quarter. Pop. es
timated by Mr. Park at 30,000. Lon. 2" Sff W-
Lat. 14° Iff N.
Segonzac, t. France, in Charente 6 m. S. E. Cog
nac, 15 W. Augoulesme. Pop. 2,550.
Segorbe, t Spain, in Valencia, on tfae river iWor-
viedro, the see of a bisfaop, 35 m. N. Valencia, 150
E, Madrid, Lon, 0° 39' W, Lat 39° 5ff N. Pop,
6,000. Segoria, city, Spain, iu Old Csiatile, the see ofa
bishop, surrounded with a wall, flanked with low
ers and a rampart It conlEiins 27 churcfaes. and
24 convents. The principal edificea are the ca
thedral, and the castle of Alcazar. Segoria haa
ever been faraoua for its wool, and formerly for its-
manufactures. It has fallen from ils ancient splen
dour. The mint of Segovia waa for aome years
the only one in Spain. 73 ra. E. Salamanca, 40
N. N. W. j\»idi-id. Lon. 4° 1' W. Lat 41° 3' N.
Pop. 10,000,
Segoria, Nucra, t. island of Lujon, 250 m, N.
ManiUa, Segovia Nueva, t. Caraccas, 150 m, S, E, Vene-
zueta, 130 S. W, Caraccas. Lon. 68° Iff W. Lat.
8" Sff N.
Segra, r. Spsiin, whicfa joins tfae Ebro, near Me
quinez. Segre, t Frsmce, in Mayne and Loire, 18 m. N.
W. Angers.
Segi'in, isl. off tfae coast of Maine, in Casco bay.
Lon. 69" 20' W. Lat. 43" 41' N. Here is a light
house. Segundo, cape on the W. coast of Africa. Lon.
lS°2ffLat3"4ff S.
Sro^iirci. t. Spsun, in Arragon, 42 m, S. Saragossa.

SEL

SEL

681

Seguro, r, Spain, which rises in the monntouns
of Murcia, and runa intothe Mediterranean, 16 m,
S,S,W, Alicant
Segura, t Portugal, in Beira, 6 m, N, Roama-
rUhal. Sehaurunpour, t Hind, and cap, ofa circar, to
whicfa it givea najne, between the Jumnah and tfae
Ganges, 86 ra, N, Delhi, 80 S, S, W, Siranagur,
Lon, 77° Iff E. Lat, 30° 4' N,
Sehesten, t, Prussian States, 54 m, S. E, Kon
igsberg, Seida. See Saida.
Seidenberg, t Silesia, 2 m. S. S. E. GorUtz.
Seiks, a people of Asia, who first made their ap
pearance ia Lahore, as a religious sect, and have
since fouud meana to become msiatera of the subah
of Lahore, great part of Moultan, and the weatern
part of Delhi. Nanock, tfae founder of tfae Siek
nation, wsis bom in the year of tiie Christian era
1469, during the reign of SullEra Beloul, at the
viUage of Tulwundy, about 6 milea W. of Lahore.
It is asiid they can bring an army of 100,000 men
into the field, all cavalry.
Seil, small ial. near the W. coaat of Scotiand.
Lon. 6" 37' W. Lat. 56° Iff N.
Sejlo. See Zeila.
Seiland, amall isl. in the North Sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat 70° 20' N.
Sein, amaU isl. near the coastof Frsrace, in Fin
isterre, 2 m. W. Point Raz, 28 S. S. E. Ushant
Lon. 4° 42' W, Lat 48° 2' N,
Seine, (Lo,) r. France, whicfa rises in Cote
d'Or, passes by Cfaalfllon sur Seine, Troyes, Paris,
Rouen, &c, and runs into tfae Englisfa Channel at
Havre de Grace.
Seine, (La,) t France, in Var, on a tongue of
land whicfa runs into tfae sesi, 3 m . S. Toulon.
Seine, Lower, a department of France, bounded
N. srad W. by the English Channel, E. by Sorame
and Oise, and S. by Eure and Calvados. Rouen
is the capital.
Seine and Mame, a department of France,
bounded N. by Oiae and Aisne, E. by Marne and
Aube, S. E. by Yonne, S. by Loiret, and W. by
Loiret sind Seine-and-Oise. Melun is the capital.
Seineand Oise, a department of France, bound
ed N. by Oiae, E. by Seine-and-Mame, S. by Loi
ret, and W. by Eure, and Eure-and-Loire. Ver-
seiUea is the capitsd.
Seinsheim, (Markt,) t Germany, 18 m, S, E,
Wurzburg, 28 N, N, W, Anspach,
Seir, in Sac, Geog, a raountain and country iu
the S. borders of Paleatine, on the shore of the
Dead Sea,
Seissen, t Saxony, 18 ra, S. S. E. Freyberg, 25
S. W. Dreaden, Lon, 13° 27' E, Lat 50° Sff N,
Se/ifl-, r. Syrisi, wfaich rises a little N, of Antab,
and after a course of SO miles loses itself in the
earth, Sqitr, t Syria, 15 m. S, Antab.
Sekoohoom, sraall isl, in the Sooloo Archipelago,
Lon. 120° 20' E. Lat 5° 5' N.
Sda, in Sac. Geog. t Arabia Petraea.
Sekane, islands near the Arabian coast, at the
entrance into the Gulf of Persia.
Selbits, r. Gerraany, wfaicfa runs into tfae Saal, 2
m. N. E. Lichtenberg.
Selboe, t Norway, 40 m. S. E. Drontheim,
Selby, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on tfae Ouse, famous
for tfae birUi of Henry I. 1 5 m, S, York, 1 82 N, Lon
don, Lon, 1° ff W. Lat, 63° 4ff N, Pop, 3,363,
Se/e, r. Naples, wfaicfa runs into the Gulfof Sa
lerno, in lon. 13° E. lat 40° 2ff N.
S6

Selefke, or Ilschil, (an, Sdeucia,) t. A. Turkey,
iu Cararaania, on a river which soon after emp
ties itself into the Mediterranean, opposite the ial
and of Cyprus, 110 ra. S, Konieh, LoU, 33° 30'
E, L'At 36" 40' N,
•iSe/emie, t. Egypt, on the E. branch ofthe Nile,
43 ra. N. Cafro.
Selenga, r. whicfa riaes in Chinese Taytary, and
croaaing the confines of Rusaia, runs into the Bai
kal Lake, 60 ra. W. N, W. Verchnei Udinsk.
Sdenginsk, t. Russia, iu Irkutsk, at the conflux
of the Selenga and the Cfailok. It faas a port with
10 cannon and a garrison. 84 ra. S.E, Irkutsk,
274 W, Nertchinak, Lon. 106° 44' E. Lat. 51° N.
Selenti, t. A. Turkey, in Caramania, at the
mouth of the river Selenti, 46 m. E. Alanieh, 65
W. Kiutaja. Lon. 29° Iff E. Lat 39° 3' N.
Seleucia, in Sac. Geog. Tfaere were several
cities of tfaia name ; one iu Mesopotamia, on tfae
Tigris, Commonly called Great Seleusia ; anotfaer
in Pisidia, between Anliocfa and Pergaa ; sraotfaer
the chief city of Cilicia, near to Antioch and op
posite the ialand of Cyprus, at tfae raouth of the
river Orontes.
Sdiakinsko, an oafrog of Ruaaisi, in the govern
ment of Tobolsk, on tfae Eniaei, 260 miles N. N.
W. Turncfaansk. Lon. 85° 14' E. Lat. 69° 66' N.
SeUgenstodt, t- Hesae-Darmatadt, on tfae Main,
12 m. E. S. E. Franekfort on tfae Maine, 9 N. W.
Ascfaaffenburg. Lon. 8" 46' E. Lat 49° 5ff N.
Pop. 2,350.
Selim. See Sakm.
Sclimobad, t. Hind, in Bengal, 12 ra. S. S. E.
Burdwan. Lon. 87° 4ff E. Lat 23° ff -V.
Selimbria. See Selivria. '
Sdimpour, t. Bengal, 24 m. N. W. Burdwan.
Lon. 87° Sff E. Lat 23° 2ff N.
SeUngue. See Selenga.
Sdin's grove, p-v. Northumberland co. Pa,
Selivria, or Selimbria, a-p, Eu, Turkey, in Ro
mania, ou the N, side of the Sea of Marmora, with
an old ruinoua castle, 34 ra, W, Conatantinople.
Lon, 28° 12' E. Lat 40° 62' N.
Selkakari, amall ial. on the E. side ofthe Gulfof
Bothnia. Lon. 24° 54' E, Lat 65° 36' N,
Selkirk, t Scotland, and cap. of a county to
which it givea name, on the river Etfrick, 37 m, S.
Edinburgfa, 359 N, London, Lon, 2° 62' W, Lat
55° 35' N, Pop, 2,098,
SeUcirkshire, co, Scotland, bounded N, by Pee
blea and Edinburgfa, E, by Roxburgh, S, by Dum
friea, and W, by Dumfries and Peebles, It was
formerlyalao called the afaeriffdom of £//ricJ;Forerf,
from an extensive royal foreat of that name. Pop.
5,889, »
Sdkmpour, t Hind, in Oude, 42 m, S, E, Goo-
racpour, Lon, 84° 12' E, Lat 26° 16' N,
Seller's tavern, p-v. Bucka co. Pa,
Seiks, t, France, in Loir and Cher, on the Cher,
14 ra, S, W, Romorantin, 21 S, Bloia,
Sdlinagur, t Hind, in Oude, ou the left bsmk
of the Ganges, 60 ra, W, Kairabad.
Selmas, t. Persia, in Adirbeitzan, 75 m, W, S.
W, Tabris, 70 E, Van, Lon, 45° 2ff E, Lat, 37°
45' N,
Selonda, amall ial. near the N. coast of Cumba
va, Lon. 1 17° 34' E, Lat 8° ff S,
Selsea, or Selsey, v. Eng. in Sussex, on a penin
aula formed by an inlet of tfae aea, called Sekea
Harbour, 8 m, S, Chioheater,
Sekea Bill, cape, outhe S, coast of Enj, in Sua
aex, Lon. 0° SO' W, Lat 50° 41' N,

682

SEM

Selsertawn, or Ellicotsvilk, p-t, Adams co, Mis
sissippi, 1^ m, N, E. Natchez,
Sellers, or Nieder Setters, t Germany, 21 m. N,
Mentz, 30 E, Coblentz,
Seltschan, or Sedlezany, t. Bohemia, 38 m, S,
Prague, Lon, 14° 25' E, Lat, 49° 42' N.
Sdtz, t, France, in Lower Rhine, on the Rhine^
22 m, N, N, E, Strasburg, 18 S, Landau,
Sdva, t, Spain, in Catalonia, on the coastof the
Mediterranean, 35 m, N, E, Gerona, Lon, 3° Z
E,Lat42°2ffN, Sdva, sraall isl, in the Gulf of Venice, Lon,
14°ff E, Lat44°3ffN,
Selvig, t, Denmark, on the W, coast of the island
of Samsoe, Lon, 10° 36' E, Lat 56° 52' N,
Sem, T. Rusaia, wfaich paaaes by Kursk, and
iinitea with tfae Dema nesur Soanitza.
Semana, t Hind, in Delhi, 35 m. S. Sirhind.
Lon. 76° Sff E. Lat 29° 23' N.
Semao, id. iu the E. Indian Sea, about 24 milea
long from N. to S. and from 6 to 10 broad ; sepa
rated frora the S. W.end ofthe island of Timor, by
a narrow channel, called The Strait of Semao.
Lon. 123° 45' E. Lat 10° Iff S.
Semar, r. Switz. which riaes in Mount Cenis,
and falls into the Doria at Susa.
Semaue, or Semauat, t Arabian frak, on the Eu
phratea, 170 m, N, W, Baasora, 115 S, E, Bagdad,
liOn, 45° Iff E, Lat, 31° Sff N,
Semegonda, t. Africa, in Wsingara, on the Ni
ger. Lon. 22° 30' E. Lat 15° 22' N.
SemeTuiria, t. and fortress, Servia, on the S. aide
ofthe Danube. It has been frequenUy taken and
retaken by the Turka and Hungarians. 20 m. S.
E. Belgrade, SO S, Temesvar. Lon. 20°41'E.
Lat. 44° 52' N. Pop. 10,000.
Semenjan, t Grand Bukfaaria, 70 ra. W. Ande
rab, 60 S. E. Balk. Lon. 66° Sff E. Lat 36° 22' N.
Semennud, t Egypt, on the E. branch of the
Nile, 53 ra. N. Cairo,
Semenov, t. Russia, in Niznei Novgorod, 36 m,
N, Niznei Novgorod, Lon. 44°14'E.LatSS°30'N.
Seminara, t. Naples, in Calabria Ulfra. In
1783, it was destroyed by an earthquake. 17 m.
N. N. E. Reggio.
Seminoks, Indians, lately infaabiting extenaive
diafricts in Florida. Tfaey are a branch of the
great Muscogee nation, the terra Serainole raean-^
ing wild, being applied by the Creeka to all the
vagabonds of the nation. Their number, a few
yeara since, was more than 6,000, but having be
come troublesome neighbors on our southern bor
ders, General Jackson was directed to suppress
their depredations. He slew tfaeir chiefs and
prophet, destroyed their cattle and provisions,
and burnt their towns in retaliation for their of
fences. Where the reranants of these Indians now
are is not kuown. Some ofthem are settled about
St. Roae'a bay in W. Florida, and others are scat
tered in various places.
Seinipolotnoi, or SempOlatj fortress, Russia, in
Kolivan, on tfae Irtisch, 248 m. S. Kolivan, 616 S,
E, Tobolak, Lon, 80° 14' E, Lat 50° 25' N,
Semoy, r. France, which entera the Meuse near
Chateau Renard, in Ardennes,
Sempach, t Switz. situated on a lake, to which
itgives name, 7 m, N, W, Lucerne, 24 S, W, Zu
rich. Semphiropol, t. Russia, in Tauris, 60 m. S. Pere
kop. Lon. 34° Iff E. Lat. 45° ff N,
Sempronius, p-t Cayuga co. N, Y, on Skene-
ateles lake, 14 m, S, E. Auburn, 164 W, Albany,
Pop, 3,137,

SEN
Semrah, t Hind, in Bahar, 38 m, N. Chuprah.
Lon. 84" 51' E. Lat. 26° 43' N.
Semur en Auxois, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 30
m. W. N. W. Dijon, 48 S. W. Langrea. Lon, 4°
23' E, Lat 47° 2ff N.
Semur en Brienrwis, t, Frsmce, in Saone and
Loire, 2 m, E, Marcigny, Lon, 4° 10' E, Lat 46°
IffN, Sena, or Marsali, t Africa, in Mocaranga, on
the river Zambeze, Lon, 35° 2ff E, Lat 17° 35' S,
Senaah, in Sac, Geog, t Palestrae in the tribe
of Judah. Se-nan, city of China, ofthe first rsrak, in Koei-
tcheou, 845 m, S, S. W. Peking. Lou. 107° E,
Lat 27° 56' N,
Senamaribo, r, Guiana, which runs into the At
lantic in lon, 64° 6' W, tat, 6° Sff N,
Senarpont, t France, in Somme, 22 m, W.
Amiens, 16 S, Abbeville,
Sence, i, Eng, which runs into the Anker, near
Atheratone, Seneca, lake, N, Y, frora 6 to 15 m, W, of Cayu
ga lake. It ia 36 mflea long and from 2 to 4 wide.
It receives the waters of Crooked lake from the
W. and diacharges itself into Seneca river,
Seneca, r. N. Y. iaaues from tfae N. end of Sene
ca lake, and running N. E. falls into Oswego river
at Three river point in Cicero, a(ter a courae of
60 railea. It receivea the stresuns which flow from
Ca3ruga, Owasco, Skeneatelea and Onondaga
lakes. It affords considerable faciUties for boat
narigation. Seneca, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Lake Ontario,
E. by Cayuga co. S. by Tompldiis co. and W. by
Ontario co. Pop. 16,609. Chieftown, Ovid.
Seneca, p-t Ontario co. N. Y. on Seneca lake,
16 ra.E. Canandaigua. Pop. 3,431. In this to'wn
ia Geneva, which aee.
Seneca falls, p-v. Seneca co. N. Y.
Seneca, co. Ohio, on Sandusky river, formed in
1820, in the Indian reservation.
Seneca, fort, Ohio, on Sandusky river, 9 m. S,
Fort Stephenson,
Seneca, t Morgan co, Ohio,
Seneca, t Monroe co. Ohio, 9 m, W, Woodsfield;
Seneca mills, p-v, Montgoraery co, Md,
Senecavilk, t. Morgan co. Ohio,
Seneca creek, r, Md. whicfa rnua into the Poto
mac 19 m, N. W, of Rock Creek,
Scneff, t. Brabant, IS ra, N. W, Charleroy, 13
E, N, E, Mons,
Senegal, or Senegambia, country, Afirica, be
tween tfae Senegal and Gambia, iu which su-e in
cluded many kingdoras and states,
Senegid, r, Africa, formed by two branchea, the
Kokro smd the Bsissing, wfaicfa unite in about lat
14° N, lon, 10° W, The united atream runs about
150 miles N, W, and afterwards W, tiU it finds
the ocean iu lat 16° N, Ita whole length ia more
than 1,000 mflea, Tfae French faave extended
tfaeir factoriea 500 railea frora ita mouth. The
bar prevents the entrance of ships of 500 tons.
The head waters of tlus river approach within 40
miles of the Niger.
Senegal, isl. Africa, in the river ao called, about
H miles long from N. to S. and 4 a mfle from E, to
W, Lat. 16" 5' N,
Sendoso, cape, on Uie S.W, coastof Corsica, 20
m, S, W, Sarcena,
Scnes, t, France, iu JLower Alps, 14 m, S, S,E;
Digne. Senftenberg, t, Prussian States, 32 m, N. E. Meis
sen, 64 S, S.E, Berlin. Lon. 14° l'E,Lat51°31'N.

S E R
¦Senglea, t. Malta, divided by a canal from Vil
toriosa. Pop. 4,000.
Sengma, t Africa, in Csdbari, 5 m. N. Cape
Formossu Seninghem, t Frsrace, in atraita of Calaia, 9 m.
W. St Omer.
Senlis, t France, 5J posts N. Paria. Lon. "2°
4ff E. Lat 49° 12 N.
Senn, t A. Turkey, on the Tigria, 80 m. S, S, E,
Mosut Sen'naar, kingdom, Africa, in Nubia, on the
banka ofthe Nile, between Egypt and Abyaainia,
Sennaar, city, Africa, and cap, of the above
kingdom, ia on the W, side of the Nile, Mr,
Bruce says the ground whereon it stands, rises
juat enough to prevent the river from entering the
town, in tJie heigfat of tfae inundation. The town
of* Sennaar ia very populoua, and containa many
good houaea, siU built of clay. The frade is not
great ; they have no manufactures, but tfae prin
cipal article of consumption is blue cotton clotfa
from Surat, Tfae gold of Sennaar ia esteemed
the purest and best in Africa, Lon. 33° 30' E, Lat
13° 34' N,
Sennerat, isl, near tfaeW, coastof Weat Green
land. Lon. 47° 35' W. Lat 61° 2ff N.
Sennone, small isl. in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of Naplea. Lon. 1 1° E, Lat, 41° 3' N,
Seno, T. wfaicfa runa into the S. branch of the
Po, between Ferrara smd the Adriatic,
Senones, t France, in Vosges, 9 m. S. W. Sa
lem, 33 W. S. W. Strasburg.
Sens, t France, in Yonne, on the Yonne. Be
fore the revolution it wsis the see of an archbiah
op. 24 poata N. N. W. Dijon, 13i S. S, E, Paria,
Lon, 3° 22' E, Lat 48° 12' N, Pop, 8,575,
Sensoon, t Africa, in Fez, 25 m, S, Tetuan,
Sensburg, t Pruasia, 66 m, S, Konigsberg. Lon.
21°2ff E. Lat 53'' 44' N,
Sentinel, Great, isl, in the Indian aea, 10 miles
in circumference, 20 ra, S, W. Great Andaman,
Lon, 92° 4ff E, Lat 11° 36' N.
Sentinel, Little, amall isl, iu the E, Indian sea,
8 m. from the Little Andaman, Lon, 92° 23' E,
Lat 10° 6ff N,
Sepharvaim, in Sac, Geog, a town under the
Aaayrian govemment, from which coloniata were
sent to tfae country of Samaria, It is probably tfae
sarae as Siphora in Mesopotamia, on the Eu
phrates, Sephaury, or Saffura, (an, Sephor, or Sephoris,)
t Fsileatine, once the strongest town of the coun
try, and capital of Galilee, 12 m, N, W, Tabaria,
Sepra, or Sippra, r. Hind, which joina the Cal-
lyaind, and forma tfae Chumbul,
Sepulveda, t Spain, in Old Caatile, on the river
Duraton, 28 ra, N, E, Segovia,
Sera, t Hind, 68 m, N, W, Bangalore, 55 N,
Seringapatam, Lon. 75° 54' E. Lat 13° 28' N.
Seraglio, a diatrict of Italy, S. of Mantua, in
whicfa Auguatua bad aorae possessions ; caUed also
Virgilian Fields.
Serojo, or -Boma Serajo, t Eu. Turkey, in Bos
nia, on the river Bosnsu ft ia the aee of a bishop.
230 ra. S. Vienna, 1 1 8 W. Belgrade. Lon. 18° E.
Lat44"2ffN. Serampore, a Daniah settlement, Hiud. on the
W. bank of the Hoogly, 15 m. N.of Calcutta, ft
ia the chief station ofthe Baptist raissions in India.
The miaaionaries arrived here in 1799, and have
ever aince been engaged in preaching to the na
tivea, and in tranalating and printing the Holy
Scriptures, {u 1818, more than 600 ofthe heathen

S E R

683

had embraced Chriatianity ; the whole Bible faad
been tranalated and printed in five of the lan
guagea of India, and the New Teatament in eight
more. At the aame tirae 12 other versions of the
New Testaraent were in the press. One of the
languagea in which the wfaole Bible ia tranalated,
and the New Teataraent printed, ia the Chinese,
which is spoken by raore than 150,000,000 peo
ple. The printing otfice is an extensive establish
ment, and 10 preaaes are kept conatantly eraploy
ed, — ^The achoola estabUafaed by tfae missionaries
for tfae gratuitous instruction of cfaildren, con
tained in 1819, nearly 10,(K10 sofaolars. For a
number of years tfae missionaries have employed
native converts in inatructing their fellow-coun
trymen with good aucceaa, A college for the edu
cation of native preachera fa-ia been recently ea
tabliahed, and contained in 1819, 37 pupfla. Tfae
Rev. Mr. Ward, wie of tfae raiasionariea, collected
in the year 1820, $25,000 in Britain and Ameri
ca towards completing this establishraent, and the
missionaries contributed $11,000 towards the
same object out of tfae proceeds of tfaeir own la
bor. Serangan, ial. in tfae E. Indian aea!, 15 miles
long, aud 3 broad, Lon. 125° 2ff E, Lat, 5°
25' N,
Serat, or Sered, or Ssered, t Hungary, on the
river Waag, 27 m, E. Preaburg, 58 E. Vienna,
Serajr, t. Hind, in Bahar, II m, N. Chuprah,
Lon, 84" S3' E, Lat 26° 6ff N,
Seraya, t Hind, on the right bank of the Jum
nah, 42 m, S, E, Agra,
Seraya, t. Hind, in Bahar, 20 m, S, Bettiah.
Lon, 84° 53' E, Lat, 26° 2ff N,
Serbora, See Sherbro.
Serbori, Lake. See Dead Sea.
Sercdli, See Shershdl,
Serchio, r. Italy, which runs into the Mediter
ranean, 4 m. N. N. W. Piaa.
Serdoo, (O,) t Portugal, in Alentejo, 18 m. S.
Sinea, 30 W. N. W. Ourique.
Serdob, t Russisi, in Saratov, on tbe Donetz, 72
m. N. W.Saratov. Lon. 44° 64' E. Lat. 62^
30'N. Serdobol, t. Russia, in Viborg, on the lake La
doga, 60 m. N. N. E. Viborg. Lon. 30° 14' E. Lat
61°4ff N.
Serdze Kttmen, cape on the N. E. coast of Rus
sia, in the Frozen sea. Lon. 170° 25' E. Lat 67°
3' N.
Serebrianka, gulf of Rusaisi, on the W. coaat of
Nova Zembla, Lon, 62° 14' E, Lat. 76° 25'N.
Sered, or Sert, t Curdiatan, on the Tigris, 75
m. S. E. Diaftekir, 280 N. N. W. Bagdad.
Seregipf s. See Sergipe.
Serena, (La,) See Coquimbo.
Serene, srasdl isl, in the Red aea, Lon. 39° 60'
E, Lat, 19° Sff N,
Seretkina, t Ruasia, in Irkutsk, on the Angara,
24 m, E, S, E, Bsflaganakoi,
Serd, or Sereth, See Siret,
Sergtt, t, Russia, on the Volga, 40 m, S, Astra
can. Sergag, L Ruasia, in Niznei Novgorod, 48 m.
S. E. Niznei Novgorod. Lon. 45° 20'E. Lat 56°
50' N.
Sergiev, t. Ruaaia, in Tobolsk, on the Eniaei,' 72
m. N. Eniseisk.
Sergievsk, t, Russia, iu Uphai, 180 m. W. Upha.
Lon. 54° 44' E. Lat 54° N.
Sergiries, t France, in Yoiine, 13 m. S. Provins,
9 N, Sens.

684

S E R

Sergipe, or Sergijpe del Rey, t, Brazfl, near the
coast of the Atlantic, on a river of the same name,
140 m, N,E, St Salvador, Lon, 38° Sff W, Lat
11°42'S, Serignac, t France, in Finiaterre, 10 ra. N.
Carfasiix, 10 S. Morlaix,
Serigni, seaport of Java, in the straits of Sunda,
Serigo. See Cerigo.
Seri'n, or Serain, r. France, which runs into the
Yonns, between Auxerre and Joigny,
' Serine, t, Eu, Turkey, in Macedonia, 44 m, S,
E, Saloniki,
Seringapatam, city. Hind, cap, of Myaore, on
an island in the Cauvery, In 1799, the British,
sifter a aiege ofa few days, took it by assault, with
military stores, freaaure and jewels to the amount
of 1,143,216/. steriing. The faU of this city put
the whole kingdom of Myaore into the power of
the Britiah, 316 m, W, 6, W, Madras, Lon, 76°
48' E, Lat 12° S3' N,
Seringhom, ial. Hind, in the river Cauver, 4 m.
N, E, Tritchinopoli,
Serinpole, t Africa, in Cayor, on the left bsmk
ofthe Senegal, Lon,.I5° 50' W, Lat 16" 50' N,
Serio, r, Italy, which runs into the Adda at Piz-
zighitone,. Serkeisk, t. Ruaaisi, in Kaluga, 44 m. W, S, W,
Kaluga, Lon, 34° 34' E, Lat 54° 16'N,
Serkes. See Tserkesh.
Sermaises, t France, in Loiret, 7 m, N. Pithi
viers, Sermntta, ial, in the E, Indian sea, 22 miles long,
and 6 broad, Lon, 129° Iff E, Lat 8° ff S.
Sermesok, isl. near tfae W. coast of West Green
land. Lon, 47" 45' W, Lat 61" Sff N,
Sermione, t and castle, Italy, on a neck of land
running into Lake Garda, with a harbour, 16 m,
W. Veroua.
Sermonetta, t. Popedom, on a raountain difficult
of acceas, 13 ra, S. Veletri,
Sema, La, t. Spain, in Leon, 24 m, N, Palen
cia, Sermur, t Franoe, in Creuse, 6 ra, S, S, W,
Auzance. Semanehella, t. Portugal, in Beira, 10 m, S, S,
W. St, Joao de Pesquicra, 19 S. E. Lamego,
Sermtly, t. Bengal, 30 m. E. S E, Calcutta,
Sernst, t, Switz. in Claris, 3 m. S, Claris,
Seroglazobskaia, fort, Russia, in the government
of Caucasus, on the Volga, 24 ra, N, W, Astra
chan, Serange, t Hind, in Malwafa, 132 m, N, E, Ou-
gein, 192 S, Agra, Lon. 78° 4'E, Lat 24" 5'N,
Serpa, t Portugal, in Alentejo, 12 ni, S, W,
Mourao, 81 S, E, Lisbon,
Serpentara, small isl. near tfae E. coaat of Ssir-
dinia, Lon, 10° 2' E, Lat, 39° Iff N.
Serpho, (an, Seriphus,) is!, in the Grecian arch
ipelago, 36 miles in circumference. The moun
tains are rugged and steep, Lon, 24° 34' E, Lat,
37° Iff N.
Serphant, v. Syria, supposed to be the ancient
Sore,»/a, 14 m, S. S. W. Said,
Serpuchov, t. Russia, in Moscow, 40 m. S, Mos-
cow, Lon. 37° 2' E. Lat. 53° N.
Serrae, t. Eu, Turkey, in Macedonia, the see
ofa Greek archbishop, 36 m, E, N. E. Saloniki,
Serrain, t. Arabia, in Hedsjas, 40 m, S, W.
Mecca. Lon, 21 "5'N,
Serrano, or Pearl Island, small isl . in the Ca
ribbean sea, Lon, 78° Sff W. Lat 14° Sff N,
Serranilla Islanda, cluster of small islands in

SEV
the bay of Honduras, Lou, 80° Iff W. Lat 16'
IffN, SerravaUe, v. Tyrol, 5 m. S. 3. W, Roveredo,
Serravolk, t, Italy, 24 m, S, E, Mantua,
SerravaUe, t. Auatrian Italy, in tfae Trevisan,
It contains 30 churches, 2 monasteries, 2 nunne
ries, and 5,000 inhabitants, 2 m. N, Ceneda,
Serres, t. France, in Higher Alps, 24 m, W, S,
W, Gap, 18 N, N, W, Sisteron. Lon. 5" ff E, Lat
44° 2ff N.
Serris, t Hind, in Bahar, 16 to. S. E. Saseram,
Lon, 84" 26' E, Lat 24° 61' N,
Sertam, t. Portugal, in Eatremadura, 24 m. N.
E, Thomar,
Serverette, t France, in Lozere, 12 m, N. W,
Mende, 7 S, S, E, St Chely d'Apcfaer,
Serug, t A, Turkey, in Diarbekir, 12 m, S,
Ourfa. Servia, province, Eu, Turkey, bounded N, by
Bosnia and Sclavonia, E, by Watacfaia and Bul
garia, S, by Macedonia and Albsuiia, aud W, by
Bosnia and Dalmatia,
Servicres, t France, in Correze, 13 m, S, E,
Tulle, 13 S, W, Mauriac.
Seseme Quian, r. Ulinois, wfaich runs into the
N. side of Uie Illinois, 190 ra. above its mouth. It
is navigable for boats 60 milea.
Sesia, r. Italy, -whicfa riaes in the Alps, and runs
into tfae Fo, a Uttle below Casal.
Seskar, small isl. in the N. part of the gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 23° Sff E. Lat 65° 38' N.
Seskar, smsdl isl. in the gulf of Finland. Lon,
28° 14' E. Lat 59° 57' N.
Sestos, fort, Eu, Turkey, in Romania, opposite
Abydoa, 24 ra, S. S, W. GaUipoli. Lon. 26°25' E.
Lat 40° 6'N.
Sestos, r. which riaes in the mountains of Sierra
Leone, and runs into the Atiantic, in lat- 5° SO'N.
Sestre-Kro, t. Africa, on the Grsiin Coast Lon-
8°26' W. Lat 6° 5'N.
Sestre, Grand, or Great Paris, t. Africa, on the
Grain coast Lon. 8° 20' W. Lat 4° 16' N.
Se-icheou, city, China, of tfae firat rank, in Koei-
tcheou, 982 m. S. S. W. Peking, Lon. 108° E,
Lat 27° IffN,
Set-ching, or Se-tchin, city, China, ofthe first
rank, in Quang-si, 1,100m, S. S, W, Peking, Lon.
105° 64° E, Lat 24" 17'N,
Se-tchuen, province, China, bounded N, by
Chen-ai, E. by Hou-quang, S, byKoei-tcheou,and
W, by the kingdom of Thibet The capital is
Tchin-tou, Seteef, (an. Sitipha,) t. Africa, 50 m. S. W,
Constantina. Lon. 5° 36' E. Lat 36" 58' N.
Setines. See Athens.
Setkdge. See Sutdege.
Sette, t. Africa, aud cap. of a counfry of the
same name, in Losmgo, on tfae river Sette, 160 m.
N. Loango,
Settia, t, island of Candia, anciently called
Cythccum. It is tfae see of a bisfaop, 44 m, E, S,
E, Candia, Lon, 26° 3' E, Lat 35° ff N.
Settle, t. Eng, in York, on tfae Ribble, 59 m, W,
York, 235 N, London, Lon, 2° 12' W. Lat, 54°
ffN, Setuval, or St. Ubes, a strong seaport of Portu
gal, in Esfremadura, in a bay of the AUantic, at
the mouth ofthe Sandao, witfa a good faarbour and
considerable trade, IS m, S, S, E, Lisbon, Lon,
8°53'E, Lat 38° 29' N, Pop. 12,000,
Sevasi^ol, seaport, Russia, on the Black sea,

SEV
witfa an excellent harbour, 80 m. S. Perellop.
Lon. 33° 24' E. Lat. 44° 4ff N.
Seudre, r. France, wfaich runs into the aea op
posite the isle of Oleron, in lon. 1° 5' W, lat, 45°
49' N.
Seve, t, France, in Seine and Oise, celebrated
for its manufacture of china, 1 J posta S. W, Pa
ria, IJ N, E, Versafllea,
Seven, r. Eng, in Yorkahire, whicfa runs into the
Derwent, Setien Brothers, amall islands nesu- the N, coast
of Hispaniola, Lon, 72° 35' W, Lat 19° S3' N,
Seven Islands, islanda N, of Spitzbergen, Lon,
20° W, Lat 80° 4ff N.
Seven Islands, amall islands in the E, Indian aea,
Lon, 105° 21' E. Lat 1° O'S,
Seven Islands, araall islanda in the Engliah
channel, near the coastof France, Lou, 3" 23' W,
Lat 48° 54' N,
Seven Islands. See Ionian Islands.
Seven Islands, small islands near the coast of
Csraadsi, in tfae gulf of St, Lawrence, Lon, 66° 5'
W, Lat 50° Iff N,
Seven Islands' Bay, bay of Canada, on the N,
side of tfae river St Lawrence, Lon, 66° 25' W,
Lat. 50° 5' N.
Seven Rocks' Point, cape in the English cfaan
nel, on tfae coast of Doraetahire, 3 m, S- W, Lyme
Regia. Sevenheads, rocks on the S, cosist of Ireland, 7
m. S, W, the Old Head of Kinaale,
Sevennes, or Cevennes, raountains, France,
croaaing tfae department of tfae Lozere, particu
larly memorable as being the strong hold of tfae
Protestsrats inthe 17tfa century.
Sevenaaks, t Eng, in Kent, near tfae river Da-
rent, 7 m, N, W, Tunbridge, 23 S, E, London,
Lon. 0" 11' E, Lat 31° 14' N,
Severac le Chateau, t, France, in Aveiron, 36
m. N, Lodeve, 21 E, Rfaodez, Lou. 3° ff E, Lat,
44° Iff N,
Severio, or SiewHrz, t Ausfrian Poland, 4 m,
N, W. Cracow.
Setierin, or Szoreny, t 'Walachia, on the Dan
ube, 6 m. W. Caemitz, 12 E. Oraova.
Severn, r, Eng. whicfa riaea in Montgomery
shire. It psiases by Shrewsbury, Bewdley, Wor
ceater, Tewkesbury, and Glouceater, and falls
into the Bristol Chonnd. A coraraunicalion be
tween thia river aud the Thames, the Trent, the
Dee, and the Meraey, and other rivers, hsis lately
been opened by different cansds.
Severn, r. N. America, which runs into Hud
aon's bay. Lon. 88° W. Lat 56° N.
Severn, r. Upper Canada, wfaich runs from lake
Simcoe to lake Huron.
Severn, r. on the weatern ahore of Md. which
passes by AnnapoUs, and falls into the Chesapeake
2 miles below.
Severndroog, seaport. Hind, in Concan, 68 m.
S. Bombay, 70 W. S, W, Poonah, Lon, 72° 50'
E, Lat 17° 6ff N.
Sevier, co, Eaat Tenneasee, on French broad
river. Pop, 4,595, including 294 slaves,
SevierviUe, p-t, and cap, Sevier Co, East Ten-
netraee, on a branch ofFrench broad river, 30 m.
S, E, KnoxviUe,
SeviUe, or Sevilla, province, Spain, bounded N.
by Estremadura and Cordova, E. by Grenada, S.
by tfae straits of Gibraltsu- and the Atlantic, and
W. by the Atlantic and Portugal.
'SeHUe, (au. Hispalis,) city, Spsiin, cap. of a
province, andin the time ofthe Moors, of aking-

S E Y

685

dom ; Uie see of an archbiahop. It ia on the Gua
dalquivir. The Gothic kings reaided here before
they reraoved their court lo Toledo. Ferdinand,
the third king of Caatile, after a year's aiege,
forced Seville to open its galea to him ; at this
lirae it is aaid to have contsiined 600,000 inhabit
anta. 300,000 Moors left the city upon the ca
pitulation, yet it still enjoyed the rank of one of
the raost conaiderable citiea in Spain. Ita raost
briUiant epocha was after tfae discovery of Ameri
ca, wfaen all the new found treaaurea were
brought hither, smd mercfaanta from all parts
came to open faouaes of commerce ; but in tfae
courae of a few years it fell from the highest
pitch of grandeur to solitude and poverty, by tfae
danger and embarrassments in the navigation of
the Guadalquivir. The superior excellence of
the port of Cadiz caused it to decline. SeviUe is
in a vast plsun, ofa circular form, and surround
ed with walls, flankpd with towera. It contains
29 parish churches, 77 conventa, 24 hospitals, 24
squares, and an university. The cathedral is
the largeat Gothic building in Spain; and by
some supposed to be the largest church iu the
world, next to St, Peter's at Rome, The royal
palace, called Alcacar, atands near the cathe
dral, and is very spacioua, Lon, 6° 8' W, Lat,
37" 12' N, Pop. 80,268,
Seiicre Niortoise, r. France, which runs into the
aea, 7 m, W, Marance,
Sever, or Seiire Nantaise, r. France, whicfa runs
into tfae sea opposite Nantea, '
Severs, (Two,) department, France, bounded
N, by Maine and Loire, E, by Vienne, S, by Cfaa
rente and Lower Cfaarente, and W. by Vendee ;
Niort is the capital,
Sevrihisar, t, A. Turkey, in Natolia, at the
conflux ofthe Sevri and Sakaria, 60 m, W, An
gura, SO S, Boli, Lon, 32° 2' E, Lat, 39° 53' N,
Seurre, t. France, in Cote d'Or,21 m, S, Dijon,
6 S, St Jean de Losne, Lon. 5° 12' E, Lat, 46°-
58' N,
Sevsk, t, Russia, in Orel, on the Sev, 56 m, S.
W. Orel, Lon, 34" 44' E. Lat 52° Iff N,
Seuia Bay. See .Boni Bay.
Sewad, province of Candahar, on the W, side
oi the Indus,
Sewan, or AUigunge, t Hind. in. Bahar, 32 m,
N, N, W, Cfauprafa, Lon, 84" 32' E, Lat 2«°
II' N,
Sewee Bay, or BulVs Harbor, on the coast of
S, C, between cape Roman and Charleston har
bor, Sewickly, r. Pa, lyfaicfa runs into the Youghiog-
any, 9 milea aBbve itsjunction with the Mononga
hela, Sewickly, New, t. Beaver co. Pa, Pop, 878,
Sewickly, North, t, Beaver co. Pa, Pop, 1,323-
Sextan's River, r. Vt, which runs into tiie Con
necticut, I m. below Bellows FaUs,
Seychelles, isl, in the Indian ocean, N, E, of
Madagascar, 72 mfles in circumference. Lon, 55°
35' E, Lat 4° 34' S,
Seyde. See Saide.
Seydewits, r, Ssucony, which runs into the Elbe
near Pima,
Seyer Oi, ial, of Denmark, in the Cattegat,
about 8 milea long, and hardly one brosid, 5 m,
from Zealand. Lon. 11° 11' E, Lat, 55° 5ff N,
Seylone, t. Hindoatan, in Oude, 15 m, S, E, Ba
reily, Seyman, isl, in the Rad aea. toa. 67° 30' E,
Lat. 15° 20' N.

686

S H A

Stymore, t. Northuraberland oo. Upper Canada,
on Trent river, W. of Kingaton.
Seyssel, t. France, in Ain, on the Rhone, 15 ra.
E. St. Rarabert, 13 N. Belley.
Sesanne,t. France, in Marne, 30 ra. S. W. Cha
lons stir Mame. Lon. 3° 48' E. Lat 48° 42' N.
Sezulfe, t. Portugal, in Tras los Monies, 7 m.
N. E. Mirapdela.
Sesaa, t, Popedora, 35 m, E, S, E, Rome,
Sezza, t Naples, 29 ra. N. N. W. Naples, 72 S.
E. Rome. Lon. 13° 34' E, Lat. 41" 19' N,
Sfttx, or El Sfakusse, t. Tunis, 45 m, S, S, E,
Gairoan, Lon, 10" Sff E, Lat,S4°4ffN,
Sgigata, or Stora, (an, Rusicada,) t Algiers,
near tfae Mediterranean, 30 m, W, Bona. Lon,
6° 4ff E, Lat 36° 4ff N,
Sgigatchee, or Shigatchee Jeung, t, Tfaibet, ISO
m.W, S,W, Lassa. Lon, 88° 52' E, Lat 29°
ffN. Shaolban, in Sac, Geog, t Palestine, in tfae tribe
of Dan,
Shab, t. Africa, in Nubia, 400 m, S, S, W,
Cairo, Lon, 30° SffE. Lat 23° 36'N,
Shabak, aeaport of Nubisi, iu the Red aea, Lat
18° 66' N,
Shabur, t Egypt, on tfae W, branch of tfae Nile,
50 ra, N, N, W, Cairo, 48 S, E, Alexandria, Lon,
31° E, Lat SO" 47' N,
Shackkfard, p-v. King-and-Queen co. Va,
Shade, r, Ohio, which runs into the Ohio, 10 m,
S, of the Hockhocking.
Shaduan, small isl. in the Red sea. Lon. 33°
SffE. Lat27°2ffN.
Shaftesbury, or Shastan, t. Eng. in Dorsetshire.
It ia a borougfa town, and aenda two membera to
parliament. 28 m. N. E. Dorcfaester, 102 W. S.
W. London. Lon. 2° 2ff W. Lat. 51° 2' N. Pop.
2,635. Shaftsbury, p-t. Bennington co. Vt 6 ra. N.
Bennington. Pop, J,97S, Here ia an academy,
Shogr, t. Syria, in Aleppo, 140 m. N, Damas
cus, 40 W, Aleppo, Lon, 36° 25' E, Lat 35°
45' ,N,
Shahabad, t. Hind, in Oude, 45 m, W, Kaira
bad. Lon. 80"2ff E. Lat 27" 40' N.
SIhahjehonpour, t. Hiud. in Malwafa, 20 m. N, E,
Ougein, 196 S, Agimere, Lon, 76° 18' E, Lat 23°
26':JSr, Sfiahjehanpaur, t. Hind, in Oude, 30 ra, S. E,
Fyzabad, Lon, 82° 4ff E. Lat. 26° 26' N,
Shahjehanpaur t. Hind, in Bafaar, 14 m.S, S, E,
Patna, Lon. 85" 30' E. Lat 25" 24' N,
Shahjok, circar of Bengal, bounded N. by Rau-
jesfay, E, by Mahmudshy, S, by Jessore, and W,
by Kiahenagur, about 30 miles long, and from 5
to 10 broad.
Sfiaigi, t. Nubia, on an ialand in the Nile, 130
m. E. Dongala. Lon. 50" 4ff E. Lat. 20° -20' N.
Sliaima, t. Persia, in Mecran, on the sea coaat,
200 m. W, S, W, Kidgc.
Shaizar, t. Syria, in Damascus, on the Oron
tes, 20, m. N. Hamali.
Shakerstown, t. Mercer co. Ken, Pop, 290.
Shakertawn, t. Knox co. Indiana, on the Wa
baah, 18 m, above Vincennes. It ia selllcd by the
Shakera, and conaiats of 8 or 10 large log-houses,
containing 200 inhabitants, who live together in 1
farailies, Shakespeare Cliff, or High Cliff, lofty cliff' on
the E, coast of Eng, in Kent, 4 m, S. Dover,
Shalberis, circar of Hind, bounded N, by Gora-
got and Bettooriah, E, and S, by Bettooriah, and
W, by Bettooriah and Diuagepotir ; about 18

S H A
milea from N, to S, and nearly the aame from E.
to W, Carree ia tfae cfaief town,
SAa/effi, in Sac, Geog, See Jerusalem.
Shalersville, t. Portage co, Ofaio, 3 m, N, Ra
venna, Sham, EL See Damascus.
Shambles, or Shingles, bank of sand in the Eng-
lish cfaannel, near the coast of Dorsetshire, 4 m,
E, by S, Portland Bfll, with 14 feet at low water,
Shamburg, t Washington co. Mississippi,
Shamakin, t. Pa, which runs into the Susque
hannah, I ra, below Sunbury,
Shondttken, p-t, Ulster co. N, Y, 15 m, W,
Kingston, Pop, 1,002.
Shanesvilk, t, Tuscarawsis co, Ohio,
Shannon, r, Ireland, which riaea from Lough
Clean, and after a course of 150 miles, runs into
the Atlantic, belween Kerry Head and Lean Cape,
Shank's Island, isl, in tfae Pacific ocean, about
IS miles from E. to W, and 18 frora N, to S, Lon,
163° E, Lat 28° S,
Shop, t Eng, in Westmoreland, 16 m, N, Ken
dal, 273 N. London,
Shapinsha, one of the Orkney ialsrads, 6 mfles
long, a little N, of tbe E, part of Pomona. Lon. 2°
44' W. Lat 58° 55' N. Pop. 744.
Shapleigh, p-t York co. Msune, 35 m. N. W,
York, Pop, 2|362,
Shapaota Hills, raountainoua ridge. Hind, be
tween tfae Nerbuddafa and Taptee, 60 m. E, Sa
rat Shops, isl, in the Chesapeake, 27 m, S, S, E
AnnapoUs, Lon. 76° 25' W. Lat 38° 46' N,
Sharm el Kiman, harbour in the Red sea, on
the coast of Egypt Lat, 24° 44' N,
Sharmak, seaport, Africa, on the Gold cosiat, 13
m, W, Coramendp,
Sharon, t. Hillaborough co, .N, H, S3 m, S. Con
cord. Pop. 446.
Sharon, p-t. Windaor co, Vt 22 m, N, Windsor,
Pop, 1,363,
Sharon, t Norfolk co, Maas, 10 m. S, Dedham,
17 S, W. Boston, Pop, 1,000,
Sharon, p-t Litchfield co, Ct on the W, side
of the Housatonnuc, 47 m, W. Hartford, Pop,
2,606, It contains an academy, Tfae viUage is
pleasantly built, and consists of 50 or 60 houses,
with 2 cfaurches,
Sharon, p-t Schoharie co, N, Y, 16 m, W, Scho
harie, 45 from Albany. Pop. 3,751.
Sharon, p-t, Ashtabula co, Ohio,
Sharon, t Portage co. Ohio, 8 m, N, E, Raven
na, Pop, in 1815, 300,
Sharon, t. FrankUn co, Ohio, 9 m, N, Colum
bus. Pop, in 1819, 1,060,
Sharpsburg, p-t, Washington co. Md, 2 m, from
the Potomac, 9 N, N, W, WiUiamsport It con
tains a church, and 250 houses,
Sharpsburg, t HamiUon co, Ohio,
Sharptown, p-t. Salem co, N, J,
Shot ul Arab, t formed by the united sfreams
of the Tigris and Eupfarates, near Coma, which
empties itself into the Peraian gulf,
Skavayn, province of Morocco, to the S. of Fez,
and W, of Tedla.
Sliaur, small ial, in the Red aea, Lon, 34° 58' E,
Lat27°2ffN, Shaw's Island, amsdl isl, iu the Pacific ocean,
at the entrance of Cook's Inlet Lon. 207° 16' E,
Lat 59° N,
Shawanese, t, Kent co. Upper Canada, on St
Clair river.
ShawangtoA, p-t Ulster co, N, Y. 17 m, W.

SHE

SHE

687

Newburgh, 2& S, W, Kingston. Pop, 3,062. It
contains 2 churcfaes for Dutch Reformed,
Sluiwgunge, t. Hind, in Oude, on the left bank
of Dewah, opposite Fyzabad,
Shawmgunge, t. Bengal, 18 to, W, Rungpour,
Lon, 88° 4ff E, Lat, 25° 27' N,
Shawnawoz, t. Hind, in Moultan, 70 m, N, E,
Moultan, Lon. 77° 38' E, Lat 30° 40' N,
S/tawnee/ow-n, p-t, Gallatin co, IlUnoia, on the
N, bank ofthe Ohio, 12 m, below the moutii of the
Wabash, 12 E, of the ssdt works belonging to the
U, States, on SaUne creek, Lat 37° 61' N,. It
containa a bsmk, land office, smd printing office.
The inhabitanta are aupported principally by the
profits ofthe salt trade,
Shawpour, t Bengal, 30 ra, S, Calcutta, Lou,
88° 26' E, Lat 22" ff N,
Shawpour, t Hind, in Surgooja, 135 m, S, S. E,
AUahabad, Lon. 83° 2ff E. Lat 23° 35' N,
Shawslieen, r. Mass, which runs into the Mer
rimack in Andover.
Shayshar, (an. Larissa,) t. Syria, on the Oron
tes, 10 m. N. Hamah.
Shosadabad, t Hind, in Allahabad, on the rigfat
bankof tfae Ganges, 5 m. S. E. Currafa, 30 N. W.
AUafaabad. Lon. 81" 41' E. Lat 25° 42' N.
Shasadpour, t. Hind, in Bengsfl, 25 m. S. E.
Nattore. Lon. 89° 43' E.- Lat 24° 12' N.
Shearpour, t. Bengal, on the Burharapootra, 82
N. N. W. Dacca. Lon. 89° 6ff E. Lat 24° 63' N.
Shediac, harbour on the N. E, coast of New-
Brunswick, about 30 ra, N, E, Bay de Verte, at
the S, E, extreraity of the province,
Sheduan, isl, in the Red sea, 9 miles long, smd
6 broad, Lat 27° 34' N,
Sheep Island, small ial, near the coaat of Wales.
Lon, 5° ffW. Lat 61° Sff N,
SAeep Island, isl, near the N, coast of Ireland,
6 m, W, N. W, Fairhead, Lon, 6° 11' W. Lat
55° 15' N,
Sheepscot, r, Lincoln co, Maine, which flowa
into the Atlantic, E, of Kennebeck river. It is
navigable 20 milea,
SAeepAacen, bay on theN, coastof Ireland, Lon,
7° 45' W. Lat 55° 12'N,
Sheepshead, c-ape on the S, coast of Ireland, be
tween Bantry Bay and Dunmannus bay, Lou, 9°
45' W. Lat 51° 29' N.
Sheepshead, t. England, in Leicestershire, 5 m,
W, Loughborough,
Sheergatty, t. Hind, in Bahar, 68 ra, S, S, W,
Patna, Lon- 84° 56' E, Lat, 24° 3ff N,
Sheergur, t Hind, in Malwa, 30 ra, N, W, Ra-
googur, 108 N, N, E, Ougein, Lon. 77° E, Lat
24°40'N, Sheemess, t. England, in Kent, at the N, point
of Sheppey island, where the Medway joins the
Thames. It ia regularly fortified. Here is a
yard for building ahipa, with a dock for repairing
frigatea, 3 m, N, Queenborough, Lon, 0° 15' E,
Lat6r2ffN, Pop, 4,422,
Sheerpour, t Hind, in Bahar, 43 ra. S, S, W,
Patna, Lon. 85° Iff E, Lat, 24° 56' N,
Sheffield, t England, in Ycn-kshire, It has been
noted for aeveral hundred yeara for cullera' and
smitfa'a manufactures, psu-ticularly for filea, and
knives. Or whittles ; for the laat of whicfa, espe
cially, it has been a ataple for above 300 yeara.
Here are about 600 master cutlers, who employ
not leaa than 40,000 peraons in the iron manufac
tures. By means ofthe river Don, which is nav
igable within 2 or 3 milea of the town, it receives
iron from Hull, and conveys thither its raanufac

tures for exportation to America and the West
Indies, aa well aa varioua parts of Europe, Its
neighbourhood abounda with coal. There are
alao at Sfaeffield lead worka, and a silk mill. The
Sheffield manufactures extend seversd milea over
the country, 31 m, S. Leeda, 131 N, London,
Lon, 1° Sff W, Lat, 53° 35' N, Pop, 35,480.
Sheffield, t. Sunbury co. New Brunswick, on the
E. aide of the river St. Jofan.
Sheffield, t Caledonia co. Vt 35 m. N. E. Mont-.
pelier. Pop. 388.
Sheffield, p-l. Berkahire co. Mass. 20 in. S, Le
nox, 30 S. E, Hudson, N, Y, 125 W, Boaton, Pop,
2,439, It ia watered by the Housatonnuc, which
afi'orda good mill seats. Here is a quarry of mar
ble of a superior quality,
Shefford, t, Eng, in Bedford co, near the Ouse,
9 ra, S, S, E, Bedford, 41 N, N, W, London, Lou,
0° 19' W, Lat'52° ff N,
Shefford, t Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E. of
Montreal, Pop, 500.
Shehoun, t Syria, anciently called Cappareas,
18 m. N. Hamah.
Shehrban, or Shereban, t. Arabian Irak, on the
Diala, 50 m, N. Bagdad, 150 S, S, E, Morul, Loui
44° 5' E, Lat, 34° ff N,
Sheikpour, t. Hind, in Bafaar, 18 m, E, Bahar,
Lon. 86° 3' E, Lat, 25" 9' N,
Shek AbdaUa, v. Syria, 20 m, S, E, Aleppo.
Shek Eredi, or Harodi, t Egypt, on tfae E. side
of the Nfle, 8 m. N. N. E. Acfamira.
Shekoabad, t Hind, in Dooab, 60 ra. W. Ca-
noge, SO E. Agra. Lon. 79° 2' E, Lat 27° 9' N,
Shelan, t Persia, in Farsistan, near the Peraian
gulf, 75 ra, S, S, W, Jarom,
Shelburn, or Port Roseway, seaport. Nova Seo.!
tia, on the S, E. coast, 90 m, S, W. Halifax, Lon.
63° IffW. Lat 43° SO'N.
Shelburne, t Coos co. N. H. 78 m. N. Concord.
Pop. 176.
Shelburne, p-t. Chittenden co. Vt on lakei
Cfaamplain, 7 m. S. Burlington, Pop, 987,
Shelburne. t. Franklin co. Mass, 4 ra, W. Green
field, Pop.96I,
Shelby, co, Alabamsi, on the Coosa,
Shelby, co, in tfae N, part of Ken, Pop. 14,778,
including 3, 1 14 slaves,
Shelby, p-t, Bath co. Ken.
Shelby, co. Ohio, on the Miami.
ShelbyviUe, p-t. and cap. Bedford cO. West Ten
nesaee, on Duck river, SO m. S. S- E. Nashville.
It contains a court-house, jail, bank, and printing-
oflice. Slielbyville, p-t. and cap. Shelby co. Ken. on
Brashan's cre|^, 12 m. above its junction with
SaU river, 22 ra. W. Frankfort, 30 E. Louisville.
Il contained in 1819, a brick court-house and jail,
a printing-oflice, an acaderay, 2 churches, 175
dwelling-houaes, and 1,250 inhabitants.
Sheldon, formerly Hungerford, p-t. Franklin co.
Vt. on Missisque river, 32 ra. N. Burlington. Pop,
883. Sheldon., p-t. Genesee co. N. Y. 20 ra. W. Ba-
tavia, 270 W. Albany. Pop, 1,415,
Shek, r. Eng, in Northumberland, whicfa runa
into the Tyne, near ita head,
Shdfard, t. Eng, in Bedford, 9 m. S. Beilford, 41
N. London.
SheU Island, sraall isl. near the ceast of North
Carolina, in Paralico sound. Lon. 76° 30' W. Lat
34° SffN.
Shell Key, small isl, in the gulfofMexico, Lon.
89" Iff W, Lat 29° 48' N,

688

SHE

S H I

Sheila, t. Africa, in Morocco, 4 m, E, Salee,
Shdlack Point, cape, Eng. on the Isle of Man,
forming the N. part of Ramsay bay,
SheUdrake River, r, Canada, which runa into
the river St La-wrence, in lon, 64° 50' W, Lat,
50° 30' N,
SheUdrake, r. Michigan Territory, which runs
into lake Superior, 24 m, W. Point Iroquoia,
Shelliff, r. Africa, tfae raoat conaiderable riverof
Algiers, whicfa rises in Sahara, and runs into the
Mediterranean, in lon. 0° 24' E, lat 36° 10' N,
SheUrusSj cape, at the E, end of tfae island of
Sheppey, Lon, 0° 50' E, Lat 51° 22'N,
Shelter Island, isl, oflT the E, end of Long Isl
and, N, Y, 100 m, E, New York, Shelter island
constitutes a town, smd belongs lo Suffolk county.
Pop, 329; in 1820, 391,
Shdtonborough, p-v, Pittsylvania co, Va,
SheUan' s stare, p-v, Goochland co, Va.
Shenandoah, r. Va. whicfa riaea in Augusta co.
and sdter running a N, E, courae of about 200
mfles, joina the Potomac, in lat, 38° 4' N, just be
fore the latter bursts through the Blue Ridge, It
is composed of four branches. South, Middle,
^orth, and Sfaenandoah rivera. II is navigable
about 100 railea, and traveraea the richest part of
the State,
Shenandoah, co. Va, inclosed by Frederick,
Culpeper, Madison, Rockingham, and Hardy
counties. Pup, 13,646, including 1,038 slaves,
Cfaief town, Woodstock.
Shenandoah fork, p-v. Shensmdoah co. Va.
Shenango, t. Beaver co. Pa. Pop, 679,
Shenango, t, Crawford co. Pa, Pop. 727.
Shenango, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop, 634,
Sheneva's creek, r. Otsego co. N. Y. which runs
into tfae E. side of tfae Suaquehannah.
Shenley, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
Chaudiere river, 54 m. S. Quebec.
Shepaug, r. Ct. which runa into the Housaton
nuc, in Southbury.
Shepham, in Sac. Geog. aplace in the E, part of
the tribe of Judah, -
Shephard's Islands, small ialanda of the New
Hebrides, Lon, 168° 40' E, Lat 17" S,
Shepherdstoum, p-t Jeffierson co, Va. ou the S,
side of the Potomac. Its situation is healthy and
agreeable, and the neighbouring country is fertile
and well cultivated. Pop, in 1800, 1,033, mostly
of German descent 10 ra, E, by S, Martinsville,
73 from Washington, '
Shepherdstown, v. Belmont co. Ohio,
Sheplierdsville, p-t. Bullet co. Ken. on Salt river,
S m, from Bairdstown, Pop, 100,
Sheppey, ial, Eng, in Kent, formed by tfae
Tfaaraes, which passes on the N. and the Medway
whicfa bounds it on Ifae W. by the raain stream,
and on the S, by the Eaat Swale. It ia 21 milea in
compaaa, and yields plenty of corn, bul is in want
of wood,
Shepten Mallet, I. Eng, in Soraerset co, consid
erable for ita raanufactures of w-ooUen cloth, in
which about 4,000 handa are daily employed ; 5
m, E, WeUa, 114 W, London, Lon, 2" 35' W.
Lat 51° 10' N. Pop. 4,638.
Sheravend, t. Persia, in Ghilan, on the tfae Cas
pian aea, 20 ra. S, Aatara,
Sherbom, t England, in Yorkshire, at the con
flux of the Werk and the Ouse, 16 in, S. York, 181
N, London, Lon, 1° Iff W, Lat 54° N,
Sherbom, t. England, in Doraetahire, 18 m, N,
N, W, Dorchester, 118 W, S, W, London, Lon,
2°41'W, Lat 50° SffN. Pop. 3,370.

Sherbro, isl, ou the coaat of W. Africa, 22 miles
long by la broad, in about lat, 7° N. a little S, of
Sierra Leone, It ia flat and aandy, but covered
with a luxuriant growth of treea, and producea
rice, com, yama, aweet potatoes, cocoa nuts, or
anges, with coffee, indigo, and cotton. It lies
about 7 miles from the main, and forms with it a
bay or aound of the aame nsune. The banks of
the bay sire low, and aom^ places are occasionaUy
overflowed by the tide,
Sherburne, formerly Killington, t. RuUand co
Vt 22 ra, W, S, W. Windsor, Pop, 116, Kil
lington peak, in thia town, is one of the highest
suraraita of the Green mountaina,
Sherburne, t Middleaex co. Mass, 20 m, S, W.
Boston, Pop, 770.
Sherburne. See Nantucket,
Sherburne, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y. on Chenango
river, 1 1 m. N. Norwich, 98 W. Albany, 33 S. W.
Utica. Pop. 2,428. It containa 2 churcfaes for
CongregationaUsta, a printing-office, and nume
rous railla and manufacturea.
Sherburne mills, p-v. Fleming co. Ken.
Sheret, t A. Turkey, in Trebiaond, 30 m. S. W.
Trebisond, Sherezur, or Shehrzaur, or Seherezur, t Kar-
distan, 150 m. N, Bagdad, 370 E, S.E, Diarbekir.
Lon. 44° 25' E. Lat, 35° 46' N,
Sheril, t. A, Turkey, in Diso-bekir, on the Eu
phrates, 20 m, E, Ansfli,
Sheriffmuir, or Sheriff Moor, plsiin of ScoUand,
near the Grampism mountains, in PerUishire,
Sherilla, t Africa, in Kaarta. Lon, 6''25'W.
Lat 14° 2ff N,
Sherman, t Fairfield co, Ct 60 m, S, W, Hart
ford, Pop, 949.
Shtrrard's store, p-v. Hampshfre co. Va.
Sherrington, t Huntingdon co. Lower Canada,
-25 ra. S. Montreal.
Shershdl, t. Africa, in Algiers, suppoaed to be
tfae ancient Jal, or Casarea. In 1730, it waa en
tirely tfarown down by an eartfaquake. The ru
ins upon wfaicfa tfais town was aituated, are not
inferior in extent to thoae of Carthage. Lon. 2°
30' E. Lat 36° 35'N.
Sheshequin, p-v. Luzerne co. Psu
Shetland Islands, a collection of islands in the
Attantic ocean, to the N- of ScoUand. They are
reckoned lo be 46 in number, besides 40 smaller
called Halms. Only one, called Shetland, or Main
land, is of any considerable size. They are in
general rocky and barren, and msray of them with
out inhabitants. Shetland, the principal island,
ia about 70 miles long, and haa sorae safe and com
modious harbors, capable of receiving vessela ol
the largest size. Lerwick is Uie capital. The
other chief islands are Bressay, Wallaey, Yell,
Fitlar, and Unst In 1801, tbe population of the
Shetland islands waa 22,379, chieflv employed in
agriculture and fiahing. Lon. 1° 43' to 2° Iff W.
Lat.59°45°to6l°10'N. Shetucket, r. Ct whicfa is formed by the union
of Willomantic suid Mount Hope rivera. It runs
S. E. and after receiving tfae Quinebaug, joina
Norwich river to form the Thamea.
Shevttgunga, t. Hind, in Myaore, 25 m- N. W.
Bangalore, 40 N. Seringapatam. Lon. 77° 13' E.
Lat 13° ffN.
Shiani Islands, small islanda, among the West
ern islands of Scotland, 6 m. from the S. E. coast
of Lewis. Lon. 6° 20' W, Lat, 57° 6ff N,
Shibkah, an extensive salt plain of Algiers, 10
m, S, Orau.

s H r

S H R

689

Sliiclds, North, t. Eng. in NorUiumberland, on
the N, side of the Tyne. Upwsu-da of 400 vessela
are loaded annually at thia port. 7 ra, E, N, E.
Newcastle, 279 N, London, Lon, 1" 2ff W, Lat,
55° ffN, Pop, 7,699,
Shields, South, or Shields, v. Eng, in Durham,
on the S. side of the Tyne. Tfaougfa only a vil
lage, it is very populous, and participates in tfae
frade of Newcastic. At tfais place, also, are m'A-
ny shipa built It is famous for its ssdt-works, Lon,
1° 24' W, Lat 55° 4' N, Pop, 9,000,
Shieldsborough, t Hancock oo, Missiaaippi, ou
the bay of Sl. Louis, 40 m. N. E. New Orleans.
The bay is navigable for vessels drawing 7 feet
waler. Shieldsborough is a pleasant and healthy
place, aud is rauch resorted to by the citizens oi
New Orleans during tfae faot raonlfas. Here is an
incorporated college.
Shiffnal, tEng. in Salop, 17 ra.E. Shrewsburv,
136 N. W. London. Lon. '2° 24' W, Lat52"4ff5f,
Shihon, in Sac. Geog. city, Palestine, in the
tribe of Isaachar, near the fool of Mount Tabor.
Shilloy, small ial. near the W. coast ofthe ialand
of Lewis, 5 m. W. S. W, Toe Head. Lon. 7° 14'
W, Lat 54° 48' N,
Shilluk, t. Africa, in Sennaar, on the Bahr el
Abiad, 60 ra, W. Sennaar.
Shilaah, iu Sac. Geog. See Gihon.
Shiloh, in Sac. Geog. city of Palestine, in the
tribe of Ephraira, 10 m. S. Shechem, 25 N. Jeru
aalem. It was the place of the Tabernacle for
more thsm 300 years.
Shimuskir, one of the Kurile islanda, in Uie
Pacific ocean, 52 railes long and 12 broad, Lon,
152° to 163° E. Lat. 53° 20' to 54° Iff N.
Shinar, in Sac. Geog. a province of BabyloU,
Shingles. See Shambles.
Shingle Shoal, shoal in the English cfaannel,
near the coast of Hampafaire, Lon. 1° 26' W,
Lat, 60" 38' N.
Ship Cove, cove in Queen Charlotte'a aound, in
the S. ialand of New Zealand. It is not inferior
to any in tfae sound, either for convenience or
safety. Lon. 176° 6' E. Lat. 41° 10' S.
Ship Island, isl. in the gulf of Mexico, near
tfae coast of Florida. Lon. 88° 48' W. Lat 30°
ffN. Ship Paint, cape on the coast of North Caro
lina. Lon. 76" SO' W, Lat 35° 5ff N,
Shipley, t, Englsrad, in Yorkshire, 3 ra, N, Brad
ford. Shippensburg, p-t and borougfa, Cumberland
CO. Pa, on a branch of Conedogwinit II containa
about 200 faouaes cfaiefly built of alone, and three
churcfaes, 1 eacfa for Seceders, Germana, and
Methodists, Pop, 1,159, 21 ra, N, by E. Cham
bersburg, 140 W. Philadelpfaia,
Shippigon Island, isl, in the gulf of St, Law
rence, on the S. side of Chaleur bay, ,
Shippingport, t, Jefferson co, Kentucky, on the
Ofaio, 2 miles below Louisville, althe foot of the
rapida, on a beautiful plain. It ia tfae natural
harbor and landing place for all vessela ascending
the Ofaio, During three-fourths of the year they
of necessity slop here, which they can do with
perfect safety, as tfaere is a basin immediately in
front of the town, capable of containing any num
ber of veaaels, of any burden. The town ia regu
larly laid out and rapidly iraproving. Here are
a ahip-yard, rope-walk, and an extenaive flour-
miU, Pop, in 1819, 600;
Shiptan, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on

the river St Francis, 48 ra, S, by E, Three Rivers,
Pop, 1,000,
Shiptan upon Stour, t. Eng. in Worceater, on
the Stour, 11 m. S, S, E. Stratford upon Avon, 83
N, W, London, Lon. 1° Sff W. Lat, 52° ff N.
Shircoale, t. England, in Yorkshire, 1 m, S.
Halifax, Shirink, one of the Kurile islanda, Lon, 138°
ff E. Lat. 50° 4ff N.
Shirley, p-t, Middleaex co, Maaa, 41 m, W, N,
W, Boaton, Pop, 814,
Shirley, t. Huntingdon co. Pa, Pop, 862,
Shirleysburg, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa,
Shiran, or Schiron, t. Thibet, 120 m, N, Cat
mandu, Lon. 85" 5' E, Lat, SO" 10' N,
Shiver's milk, p-v, Warren co. Geo.
, Shiumla, t. Bulgaria, 62 ra, E, Varna, Lon,
26° 27' E, Lat 43° Iff N,
Shizar, t. Syria, in Aleppo, 15 ra, S, E. Famiefa,
Shoal creek, r. Illinoia, wfaich runa into Kaskaa-
kiaa river on the N, It is navigable for boats SO
miles, Shoalness, alow cape on the W, coast of North
Araerica. Lon. 198" 12' E. Lat 60° N,
Shoal Inlet, ch-annel between two sraall islsmds,
on tfae coast of Nortfa CaroUna, Lon, 77° 58' W.
Lat 34" ff N,
Shoals, Isles of. See Isles of Shoals.
Shoolwater Bay, bay on tfae N, W, coast of
Araerica, Lon, 124° 10' W, Lat 46° 50' N,
Shoccae springs, in Warren co, N, C, mucfa re
sorted to for the mineral waters. Here is an
academy. Shoe, small ial. in tfae Pacific ocean, near tfae
coast of Waygoo. Lon. ISO" 53' E. Lat 0" 1' S.
Shoebury Ness, cape, England, on the S. coast
of Essex, at the mouth of tfae Thames, 5 m. N. E.
the Nore. Lon. 0°4ffE. Lat 51° 32' N.
Shoggle, or Choug, t, Syria, on tfae Orontes, 20
m. S. E. Anliocfa.
Shekel, I, Syria, in Daraaacus, on the Orontes,
22 m, S, Anlakia, 140 N, Damascus,
Shooting Poinl, cape, Scotland, on tfae S, coast
of Fifeshire,
Shophan, in Sac, Geog, city of Palestine, in the
tribe of Gad, a little E. of the sea of Tiberias,
Shore of Muchul, cape, Scotland, on the east
coaat of Kincardine, 3 ra, N. Stonefaaven,
Shoreham, New, aeaport, Eng, in Suasex, on the
aea coaat, with a haven into which vessels can en
ter with the tide. The aanda of tfaia faarbor are
frequently sfaifting. It aenda two merabers tf par
liament. The chief trade ia ahip-buildiug, 10
m. W. Brighthelmstone, 56 S, London. Lon. 0"
Iff W. LatS|p°6ffN. Pop. 799.
Shoreham, p-t. Addison co, Vt, on lake Cham
plain, 49 m, S, BurUngton. Pop, 2,033, Here is
an acaderay,
Shorehaven, seaport on the S, coast of the island
of Stromoe. Lon. 11" 7' E, Lat. 61" 4ff N.
Sliarteredc, t. Harrison co, Ohio, 4 m. E. Cadiz,
Shalt, a large valley or plain, Africa, in the
country of Sahara, on the borders of Algiers, 50
rafles long and about 12 broad, 100 m. S, W, Con
stantina, Shoulder's hill, p-v. Nansemond co, Va,
Shaumshu, one of the Kurile islands, in the Pa
cific ocean, 44 miles long and 20 broad. Lou. 156"
14'E. Lat 51" Iff to 52" N.
Showoor, t. Hind, in Mysore, 15 ra. S. Sattimun-
gulam, 20 E. Vellady.
Shrewsbury, t. England, and capital of Shrop-

87

690

S I A

S I C

shire, onthe river Severn, originally built by the
Britona in the aixth century. Every Thursday is
the market for Welch cottons, friezes, and flannels,
of which here are sold aa much as come to 1,000/.
a week. About 20 vessels are constantly em
ployed on the river Severn, between Shrewsbury,
Gloucester, and Bristol. 41 m. S. Chester, 160 N.
W. London. Lon, 2° 49' W, Lat, 62° 44' N, Pop,
16,606. .
Shrewsbury, p-t RuUand co. Vt 22 ra. W.
Windaor. Pop. 990.
Shrewsbury, p-t Worceater co. Msias, 6 ra, E,
Worceater, 38 W, Boaton, Pop. 1,210.
Shrewsbury, p-t, Monraouth co, N, J, on the sea
coast It is aeparated frora Middletown by North
river, which is navigable a few mfles, 15 ra, N. E.
by E, Monmoulfa court-house, 14 S, E. Middle-
town point, 79 E, N, E, Pfailadelpfaia. Pop, 3,773,
It containa 3 churchea, 1 each for Episcopalians,
Presbyterians, and Quakers, Much genteel com
pany resort here frora Philadelphia aud New
York during the summer,
Shrewsbury, p-t, York co. Pa, Pop, 1,792,
Shrewsbury, t, Lycoming co. Pa, Pop, 294,
Shrewsbury, p-v. Kenhawa co, Va,
Shropshire, or Salop, co, England, bounded N.
by Flintshire and Cheshire, E, by Staffordshire, S,
¦by Herefordshire, Worcestershire, and Radnor
shire, and W, by Montgomeryshire and Denbigh
shire, Pop, 194,298,
Shuarif, small ial, in the Red aea, near tfae coast
of Africa. Lat 24° 22' N,
Shuna, small isl. near tfae W. coast of Scotland.
Lon, 5" 33' W. Lat 56° Iff N,
Shunem, in Sac, Geog, city of Paleatine, in the
tribe of lasacfaar, 5 ra, S, Mount Tabor,
Shupare, t. Candahar, 45 m, N, Attock,
Shur, in Sac. Geog, t on the borders of Egypt
and Paleatine, which gave narae to the wilder-
Jiess around il.
Shushan, in Sac Geog, See Tostar.
Shutesbury, t. FrankUn co. Mass, 12 m, S, E.
Greenfield, 90 W, N, W, Boston, Pop. 939, Here
^ a raedicinal apring,
Sial, araall ial, near tfae coast of Egypt, which
forma a hsirbor in the Red aea. Lon. 35" 2' E. Lat.
24° 30'N.
Siam, country, Aaia, bounded N. by Ava, E. by
Cambodia and Laoa, S. by the gulf of Siam and
Malacca, and W. by the bay of Bengal ; about
800 mflea from N. lo S. and 200 lo 350 broad. Tfae
kingdom of Siam ia divided into Upper and Low
er, It is in most places covered witfa woods. The
most profitable trees are tfaose which produce
cotton, oil, and varnish. Their varnish is very
good, Siara is at present inhabited cfaiefly sdong
the rivers, Tfae population faaa been variously
estimated frora 2,000,000 to 8,000,000, Tfae re
ligion of Sisun is nearly the same with that of Laos.
Tfae kings are perfectly despotic Julliia or Siam
ia the capital,
Siam, See Juthia.
Siam, Gulfof, a large bay of the E, Indian aea,
between Cambodia and the peninsula of Malacca,
Siam being to the N.
Siang-yang, city, Clfina, of the first rank, in
Hou-quang, on the river Han, 530 m. S, S. W.
Peking, Lon, 1 11° Sff E, Lat 32° 5' N,
Siao, ial, in the E. Indian aea, 30 railea in cir
cumference. Lon, 125° ff E, Lat, 2" 44' N,
Siara, or Seara, t Brazil, and capital of a dis- '
trict, ao called frora a river of tfae sarae name
which runs into the ocean, in lat, 3° 30' S, The

town and its trade are not conaiderable, Lbn, 3S^
4ff W, Lat 3° 15' S,
Siamum, t, Persia, in Mazanderan, on the Cas
pian sesi, 12 m, E, S, E, Fehrabad,
Sias, r. Russia, which runs into lake Ladoga,
near Siaskoi,
Siaskoi, t Russia, in Petersburg, near lake La
doga, 24 ra. N. E. Nova Ladoga,
Sibaba, small isl, in the E, Indian sea, near the
S, coast of Mindanao. Lon. 122° 25' E. Lat 6"
36'N. Sibaldes isl. near the cosist of Patagonia. Loa.
59" 35' W. Lat, 50° Sff N,
Siberia, country, Asta, The name of Siberia,
or Sibiria, was originally applied, and stiU prop
erly belongs only lo the S. part of the government
of Tobolsk: but, in a more extensive sense, it in
cludes the wfaole of Asiatic Russia, except 8 or 10
prorinces in the S. W, around the Caapian aea
Thia country ia raade up of vast plains, covered
with alraost perpetual snow, and pervaded by
enormous rivera, wfaich, under masses of ice, pur
sue their dreary way to the Arctic ocean, "These
plaina are called steppa, and are principaUy sandy
and barren. In the northern half oi Siberia,
where the winters are long and severe, there are
no trees, but in the aouth, along the Altay moun
tains, there are immense forests. The reindeer
ia found in moat parta of Siberia, and performs the
office of tfae faorae, the cow, suid the aheep. Bea
vers live in the great rivers, and sesila inhabit the
shorea of the Frozen ocean. Wolvea, foxes, bears,
and aablea are hunted for thefr akina. The in
habitanta are of three claaaea, the Aboriginea or
ancient inhabitanta, Taitara, and Russians. The
two first live in tribes, and wander over the coun
try. They are principaUy Pagans, bul missiona
ries faave recentiy been sent to this country from
Great Britain, and are stationed at Astrakan,
Orenburg, Irkutsk, smd other places. This im
raenae country is under tfae dominion of Russis^
but the tribes are al such a distance frora the cap
itsd, that the eraperor has little confrol over them,
and they are sumost independent The chief
mark of subjection is the annusd tribute. Con
siderable trade is csirried on between Siberia and
European Rusaia on one hand, and -with China ou
the other. The principal article fui-nishcdby S-
beria is furs. Pop. about 2,000,000.
Sibiakora, t Rusaia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch,
28 ra. N. Tara.
Sibmoli, in Sac. Geog. t Palestine, in the tribe
of Reuben, reraarkable for its vineyards.
Sibnibas, t Hind, in Bengsd, 10 m. E. N. E.
Kiahenagur. Lon. 88° SO' E. Lat. 23° 25'N.
Sibraim, in Sac. Geog. t Syria, between Da-
raascua and Hamath.
SiAu, one of the Philippine islands, about 240
mfles in circumference. Sibu, or Zibu, tfae capi
tal, contains 5,000 houses. Lou. 123° 44' E. Lat
10° 35' N.
Sibuyan, one of tfae Philippine islands, 36 miles
in circumference. Lon. 122° 22' E. Lat 12° SffN.
Sicca, La, smaU isl. in the Mediterranesm, near
tiie coast of Naples, Lon, 13° 62' E. Lat, 39"
6ffN, Siccacollum, city, Hind, in Condapilly, on the
Kistnah, 35 ra, S, S. W, Ellore.
Sichlan, r. Russia, whicfa runa into the Ochots-
koi sea, in lon. 152° 14' E. lat. 59° 28' N.
Sicily, isl. in the Mediterranean, formerly, if
we may credit the ancients, joined to Italy, from
which it ia now separated by the strsiits of Mas-

S I E

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691

sina, about 7 miles acrosa. It is tfae largest island
in uie Mediterranean, beiug about 156 miles long
and 85 broad, Sicily, on account of ita form be
ing somewfaat triangular, was called Trinacria,
or Triquetra. The ancient name of this island
was Sicania, from ita iuhabitsints the Sicsuiii, It
has a hot climate, and a fertile soil, producing
grain in abundance, wine, fruits of various kinds,
ofl, honey, aaflfron, sind sugar. Including the Li
pari islands, ita area is 12,600 sq, miles, and its
population 1,655,000, It is divided into 3 prov
inces : viz, Val di Mazara, Val di Demona, and
Val di Noto, The reUgion is Roman Catfaolic
Il forma with Naplea the kingdom of the Two
Sicflies, Sidon, isl. in the Indian sea, nesu- the coast of
Africa, Lat 12" 35' S.
Sicks, t Hungary, witfa a castle, 12 m, S, Funf
kirchen, 64 S. E. Canischa,
Sidamer, kingdora of Java, on the S, coast
Sidari, or S'ulero, cape, tfae N, extreraity of the
island of Corfu. Loh, 19° 52' E, Lat37°6ffN,
Sideling Hill, a range of hills in the N, W,
part of Maryland, which extend between AUe
ghany and Wasfaington counties.
Sidin, or Votisa, r. A, Turkey, wfaicfa runs into
tfae Black sea, at Vatisa.
Sidmouth, seaport, Eng. in Devonahire, at the
mouth of a smaU river, on the Englisfa channel,
14 ra. S. E, Exeter, 168 W, S, W, London, Lon,
3° 22' W. Lat 50° Sff N,
Sidney, t of the island of Cape Breton, 20 m,
N, Louisburg,
Sidney Cove. See Sydney Cove.
Sidney, t Hsistiugs co. Upper Canada, on lake
Ontario, Sidney, p-t, Kennebeck co, Maine, on Kenne
beck river, 8 m, N, Auguata,
Sidney, p-t. Delaware co. N. Y. 25 ra. W. Del
hi, 95 S. W. Albany. Pop. 1,388.
Sidon. See Soida.
Sidro, Gulfof, large bay ofthe Mediterranean,
on the coast of TripoU, ancieutly called Syrtis.
Lon. 16° Sff to 19° SO' E, Lat 30° Sff lo 32° Sff N,
Seig, T. Germany, which runs into the Rfaine, 2
m, below Bonn.
Siegen, t. Germany, 37 ra, E, Bonn, 34 N, W,
Wetzlar. Lon, 8" 8' E, Lat 60" 4ff N,
Siegstadt, t. Norway, in Aggerfauus, 68 ra, N,
Christiania. Sienna, or Siena, city, Italy, in Tuscany. The
disfrict, called Siennese, or Territario di Sienna,
WSIS once a free republic. The city is pleasantly
built on three hills, in a healtfay situation. It is
¦the see of an archbishop, and the cathedral ia a
fine Gothic building. Near tfae cathedral ia the
arclibiahop'a palace, and oppoaite to it a large and
well-endowed hospital. The university waa foun
ded by Charlea V. Many nobility reaide here ;
and it is generally allowed, that tfae Italian lan
guage is, in no part of Italy, spoken with greater
purity. 54 m. S. Bologna, 79 N. N. W. Rome, 27
S.Florence. Lon. 1 1° iff i;. Lat 21° N. Pop.
1,5,130. - Siennai, t. Russia, in Mohilev, 60 m. N. N, W,
Mohilev, Lon, 29° 44' E. Lat 64" Sff N,
Sier, r, France, which runs into the Rhone,
near Seissel,
Sierck, t. France, in MoseUe, 9 m, N, N, E,
Thionville, 21 S, S, W, Trevea,
Sierra, the eastern part of New Castile, so call
ed from its raountains. The word Sierra is a gen
eral name for mountain in Spain,

Sierra d'Adriana, mountains of Spain, in Gui
puacoa, 18 ra. S, Tolsa,
Sierra Cam, amall ial, near the E, coast of Sar
dinia, Lon. 10° E, Lat, 39° 46' N.
. Sierra di Gador, mountain of Spain, in Grena
da, 12 m, from Almeria,
Sierra Leone, a country on tfae weat coast of
Africa, lying belween 7" and 10° N, lat, A river
of tfae same name pasaea tfarough it nearly in the
centre. The ^nds on this river, for a considera^
ble distance, are very fertile, producing cotton,
rice, sugar, and most of the tropical fruits, -A
colony WEIS planted here by the British in 1791,
for the purpose of cultivating the productions
suited to the climate, and opening a trade with
the interior, Tfae first settlers were about 600 in
number, principally blacks, who were incresised
in 1792, by 1,200 free negroes frora Nova Scotia-
Tfae first coloniata auffered frora sickneas, and ire
1794, tfae settlement was destroyed by the French,
but it was afterwards re-established, and in 1809,
contained 1,500 persons ; since which it has been
very flourishing, and ia now the raoat important
Engliah colony in Africa, except the Cape of Good
Hope ; the number of infaabitanta in 1818,
araounting to 10,014, of whom only about 100
were Europeans, The population consiata silraost
entirely of Africans, rescued from the holds of
slave ships, and who, when they were introduced
into the colony were at the lowest point of mental
and moral depression, Tfaey now exfaibit a very
gratifying proof of tfae susceptibility of the Afri
can character for improvement and civilization.
From savages and gross idolaters, many of tfaem
have been converted into enterpriaing traders,
akilful mecfaanica, and industrious fsirmers, sup
porting themselvea and their families in comfort,
and performing respectably the social and even
religious duties. They dischsurge tfae dutiea of
jurors, constables, and other officea with much
propriety, and are a fine exaraple of a corarauni-
ty of black-men living as freemen, enjoying the
benefits of the British constitution, regularly at
tending public worship ; and gradually improving
by meana of schoola and otfaer institutions in
knowledge and civilization. Tfaia faappy change
haa been effected by the bleasing of God ou the la
bours of Engliah missionaries. The number of
missionaries in the colony in 1819, was 17, and
the number of children in the schools at the ¦vari
ous settieraents waa 2,104. The chief town is
Freetown, See Freetown and RegenVs town.
Sierra Leone, r. Africa, which runa into the At
lantic ocean, in lon, 12° Sff W, Lat, 8° 2ff N,
Sierra Moreno, chain of raountaina of Spain, be
tween the provincea of Cordova and Jaen to the
S, and Estremadura and La Mancha to tfae N.
Siersberg, t France, in Moselle, 4 m, N. N. W.
Sar Louis, 6 N. N. E, Bouzonville.
Sigogik, t. A, Turkey, in Natolia, on the sea
coaat, 14 m, S, W, Smyrna, Lon, 26°61' E, Lat,
38" Iff N,
Sigean, t. France, in Aude, 9 m, S, Narbonne,
19 N, Perpignan,
Sigeniurg. See Siegenburg.
Sigg, or Sikke, r, Algiers, whicfa, united with
the Habrah, forras tfae Muckdah, or Makerra.
Sigmaringen, t, Gerinany, ou the Danube, 44
m; S, Stuttgart, 26 N, Constance, It ia the chief
town ofthe principality of HohenzoUem-Sigma
ringen, wfaicfa containa 35,560infaabitant3, and has
a revenue of 30,000/, sterling, Lon, 9° 16'' E,
Lat 48° 2'N, Pop,- 3,000,

692

'?=?.

S I L

S I M

Signau, t. Switz, in Berne, 12 m, S, E, Berne.
Sigtuna, t. Sweden, on a creek of the Malar
lake, anciently one of tfae chief cities of tfae king
dom, 10 ra, N, Stockholm,
Siguenca, city, Spain, in Old Castile, the see of
a bishop, with an univeraity, founded in 1441, 3
churchea, 3 conventa, 2 hospitals, and a strong
caatle, 56 m. N, E. Madrid, 80 S, S, E. Burgoa,
Lon. 2° 67' W. Lat 40° 5ff N. Pop, 7,000,
Sihon, or Gihon, or Amu, t. Asia, which rises in
Bukharia, and runs into tfae lake Aral ; formerly
it emptied itaelf into the Caspian sea.
Sihon, or Sharakie, name given to the river
Sirr, in part of ils course.
Si-kiang, or West River, r. China, whicfa runs
into the aea, S. of Canton,
Sikino, ial, in the Grecian Arcfaipelago, long
celebrated for ita wine, about 20 mflea in circum
ference. Lon, 25° 10' E, Lat. 36° 43' N.
Silcdvoe, sraall isl, in the E, Indian sea, Lon,
131° 61' E, Lat 7" 12' S.
Siloding, araall isl. in the E. Indian sea, near
the N. coast of Celebes. Lon. 124° 25' E. Lat 1°
21' N.
Silberberg, t SUeaia, 10 m. N. Glatz, 16 W.
Munaterburg. Lon. 16" 26' E. Lat. 50" 24' N.
Pop. 1,700.
Silchester, (an. Vindonum,) v. Eng. in Hants,
10 m. S, W, Reading, 48 W, London,
Site, r. Italy, wfaicfa runa into tfae Adriatic, op
posite tfae island of Torcello,
Sileby, t, Eng, in Leicestershire, 8 m, N, Lei
cester, Silesia, a provinceof the Prussian Slates, boun
ded N, by the province of Posen, E, by the new
kingdora of Poland, S. by Austrian SUeaia, S, W,
by Moravia, and W, by Saxony, It containa
14,861 square, miles, and 2,100,000 inhabitants,
and yielda a revenue of 1,400,000/, On the S, W.
Sileaia is environed by a chain of hills remarkable
for their height and extent The parts bordering
on Poland and the mountainous districts are not
fertile, bul the rest of the province produces
wheat rye, barley, oats, and flax in abundance.
The principal manufacture ia Unen, for wfaicfa the
province has long been noted. The exports are
madder, raill-slonea, Unen, thread, yarn, kc.
The inhabitants are of varioua religioua aecta.
Silhet, circar, Bengal, bounded N. by Bootan,
aud E. by Meckley,
Silhet, t, and cap. ofthe above circar, 200 m. E,
N. E, Moorahedabad, 106 N, E. Dacca. Lon, 91"
67' E, Lat 24° 52' N,
Silino, sraaU isl, among the PhiUppines, near
the N, coast of Mindanao. Lon. 121° 40' E. Lat.
9° 2' N,
Silkeburg, t Denmark, in North JuUand, 18 m.
W, Aarhuus.
Sitkbor, or Cdlebar, s-p, on the W, coast of Su
matra, 30 m, S, S. E. Bencoolen,
Si//o, t. Africa, in Bambarra, on the right bank
ofthe Niger, 76 m, N, E. Sego, Lon, 1° 34' W,
Lat 14"4ffN,
Silk le Gilloume, t. France, in Sarte, 18 m, N,
W, Le Mans, 18 S, S, W, Alencon,. Lon. 0"3' W,
Lat 48° 12'N,
Sillee, circar of Bengal, bounded N, by Rara
gur, E, by Pachete, S,by Tomar, and W. by Nag-
pour, Sillee, the capital, is 25 m, S. E, Ramgur,
. Lon, 85° Sff E, Lat, 23° 22' N,
Sillery, seigniory, Quebec co. Lower Canada,
on the N. side of tfae St Lawrence, 3 m, S, W,
Quebec,

SiUewood, small isl, near the cosist of Norway,
30 ra, N, N, W, Bergen,
Silsden, t. Eng. in Yorkahire, 4 m, S, Skipton.
Sikoe, t Eng, in Bedfordshire, 6 m, S, Ampthill,
41 N, London,
SUver bluff, in S, C, on Savannah river, about 30
feet high, extending about 2 railes on the river,
and about 1 mile widp. Here are vestiges of an
tiquity. Silver creek, r. Kentucky, which runa into the
Ohio below ClarksvUle, Copperas is found in
large quantitiea on ils banks.
Silver creek, t. Green co. Ofaio.
Silver lake, p-v. Susquefaaunah co. Pa,
Silves, t. Portugal, in Algarve, on a river of the
sarae narae, 16 ra, E, N, E. Lagos, 39 W, Tavira,
Lon, 8° 21' W, Lat 37° Iff N.
Silum, small isl. in tfae Adriatic. Lon. 14° 50'
E. Lat 44" SO'N.
Simancas, t. Spain, iu Leon, on tfae Pisuerga, 8
m. S.W. VaUadoUd.
Simara, one of the smaller Philippine ialands,
24 m. E. Mindanao. Lon. 121° 4ff E. Lat 12°
51' N.
Simbani, country, Africa, between Woolly to
the N. W. Foota Torra lo the N. Bondou to the
N. E. and Tenda to Uie S. W.
Simbirsk, t Russia, and cap. of a government,
on the Volga, 380 ra. E. S, E. Moacow, 680 S, E,
Petersburg. Lon, 48° Sff E. Lat. 54° 25' N.
Simbirskoe, a government of Russia. Lon. 45"
to 51° E. Lat 52° 20' to 55° Sff N.
Simcoe Loke, lake of Upper Canada, communi
cating with Lake Huron, through the river Severn.
Simcoe, co. Home district. Up. Canada, extend
ing from Lake Siracoe to Lsike Huron.
Simi, or Symi, isl. in the Mediterranean, 6 m.
N. Rhodes. Lon. 37° 34' E. Lat 36° 36' N.
Simmen, or Siben, r. Swisserland, which rises
in the mountaina belween the Valaia and the can
ton of Berne, and runa into the lake of Thun, 4 m,
N, N. W. Spietz.
Simmern, t. Prussian states, in Lower Rhine,
26 ra, S, S. W, Coblentz, 36 W, Mentz. Lon. 7°
Sff E, Lat, 50" N, Pop. 1,600.
Simmern, or Simmer, r. Gerrasmy, which runs
into the Nahe, 3 ra. E. Kirn.
Simmon's island, smsdl isl. on the coaat of S. C.
at the S. end of Johns island.
Simagu, t Hind, in Mysore, on tfae Tumbadra,
93 ra. N. W, Seringapatam, 86 N. N, W. Periapa
tam, Lon, 75° Sff E, Lat, 13" 21' N,
Simon's bay, bay on the coast of Africa, in the
Cape of Good Hope, Lat 34° 12' S,
Simontamya, or Sitmn Thum, t. Hungary,
with a strong castie, 32 ra. S, S, W, Buda, 85 S,
S, E, Vienna. Lon, 18° 25' E. Lat 46° 50' N,
Simplon, mountain, Swisserland, over whi ch is
a pasaage from the Vallais to Milan, Its height is
6,597 feet 31 ra, E. Sion,
Simpson, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, ou
St. Francis river, SOm. S. Three Rivers,
Simpson, co. Kentucky.
Simpson's Island, small isl. iu the Pacific ocean,
Lon. 159° 2ff E, Lat, 8° 26' S.
Simpsonvilk, p-v. Montgomery co. Md,
Simsttt, t. A. "Turkey, in Diarbekir, 64 m, W.
Diarbekir, 80 S, E, Sivas,
Simsbury, p-t, Hartford co. Ct, 12 m. N, W,
Hartford, Il contains 2 churchea, I for Congre
gationalists and I for Episcopaliana. Pop, 1,866,
Simskttia, Oster and Wester, 2 small ialands in

S I N

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693

the Baltic, E, of Aland, Lon, 20° 8' E, Lat, 60°
21' N,
Sin, or Borbesvn, kingdom of Africa, which ex
tends about 21 miles along the coast of Senegal ,
Joal is Uie capital,
Sinaab, t. Algiera, in Tremecen, on the E, aide
of tfae Sfaelliff; 72 ra, S, W, Algiera, 45 E, Musty-
gannira, .
Sinai, mountain of Arabia, 160 m, E, S, E,
Suez. It consists of two summits ; tfae lower of
Western sumrait is called Horeb, and the Eastern
is properly caUed Sinai.
Si-nan, r. Algiers, which joins the Wed el Mai-
lah, about 5 ra. before it runa into tfae aea.
Sincapoura, or Sincapura, isl. witfa a town of
the asune name, near the S. coaat of Malacca,
which gives name to the Straits of Sincapoura.
Lon. 103° 30' W. Lat. I°2' N.
Sinclair. See St. Clair.
Sindangan Bay, bay on the N, W. cosist of Min
danao. Lon. 123°6'E, Lat 8°lffN,
Sinde. See Indus.
Sinde, r. Hind, which rises about 20 m, W,
Bilaah, and runs into the Jumnah, at Pullerahee.
Sinddfingen, t. Wurteraberg, 6 ra, S, W. Stutt
gard, 30 E, Baden, Lon. 8° 62' E, Lat 48° 41' N,
Pop, 3,100.
Sinderingen, t. Wurtemburg, on the Kocher,
12 m. N. E. Heilbron, 6 N. Ohringen. Lon. 9°
SffE. Lat 49" IffN.
Sindourcatty, t Thibet, on the left bank of the
Ganges, 48 ra. S. Gangofri.
Sindy, country, Asia, on the E. side of tfae In
dus, frora ita moulfa to tfae frontiers of Moultan,
300 miles long and 160 broad, in tfae widest part.
On tfae N. E. Ue tfae territories ofthe Seiks, onthe
N. tfaose of tfae king of Csmdahar ; on the W. ia
Mecrsra, a province of Peraia ; on the E, ia a san
dy desert which extends from the territory of
Cutch to tfae confines of Moultan,
Sinepuxent, a long and narrow bay on the S.E.
coast of Maryland, sepsu-ated by a number of isl
ands from the Atlantic. Sinepuxent inlet is in lat,
38° Iff 30'' N. 12 m, E, Snowfafll, ¦
Sines, s-p. Portugal, in Estreraadura, 39 ra, S,
Steuval. Lon, 8° 5 1' W, Lat 37° 4ff N,
Sing, t. Dalraatia, on a rock alraoat inacceaai
ble on 3 sides, and on tfae fourtfa, fortified witfa a
tfaick waU. 16 ra, N. Spalatro, 8 N. Clissa,
Sin-gan, city, China, in Chen-si, Next to Pe
king it ia tfae Isu^eat and finest city of Cfaina. For
several siges it weis the seal of the Chinese empe
rors, smd is yet very populous, and a place of great
trade, especiaUy in mules, which they aend lo Pe
king, The walls are well fortified with towera,
and aurrounded witfa a deep ditch, 510 m. S. W,
Peking, Lon. 108" 2ff E. Lat 35° 14' N.
Singboon, cfrcar. Hind, bounded N. and E. by
Bengal, S. by Mohurbunge, W. by Bahar.
Singinging, amall ial. in the E. Indian sea, near
the E, coast of Nassau, Lon, 100° 2' E, Lat 3°
SO'S. Singilier, t. Rusaia, in Sirabirak, on the Volga,
24 ra, S, Simbirsk, Lon, 48° 34' E, Lat 54° I' N.
Singleton's, p-v. Southampton co, Va.
Singan, isl. near the coaat of Sweden, at the en
trance into the gulf of Finland. Lon. 18° 20' E.
Lat 60° II' N.
Singor, a-p. Asia, in Siam, on the coaat of Ma
lacca. Lon. 101° 14' E. Lat 6° 40' N.
Sing-sing, v. in Mount Pleasant, N. Y, on the
Hudson, The river is here 3 miles wide. Sins-

sing has a good landing, and sorae shipping, and ia
well situated for trade,
Sing-hing, amall ial. near the coast of China,
Lon, 121" E, Lat 31" 32' N,
Sin-hoa, s-p, Cochin-China, Lon, 88° 14' E,
Lat, 17° N,
Sinio, r. Ruasia, whicfa runa into the Oby, 53
ra, N, Berezov, Lon, 66° 14' E, Lat, 65° N,
Sinjar, t. A, Turkey, in Disu-bekir, 140 ra. S, E,
Diariiekir, 210 N. N. W. Bagdad. Lon. 41° 35' E.
Lat 36° 17' N,
Sinigaglio, a-p, Popedora, on the Adriatic, al
the raoutfa of the Nivola, It contains 4 churches
and 6 convents, 28 ra, E, S, E, Urbino, Pop,
12,000, Sinkel, s-p, Sumatra, near the W, coast. Lon,
97' E, Lat 2" ffN,
Sinking spring, or Middletown, p-v. Highland
CO, Ohio, 38 m, S, W, ChilUcothe, ,
Sinn, r. Gerraany, which runs into the Maine,
near Germunden,
Sinrm, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriatic,
in lon. 16° 40' E, lat, 40° N.
Sino, t. Africa, on the Grain coast, 30 ra, S, E,
Sanguin, Sinob, or Sinope, s-p. A, Turkey, near the coast
of tiie Black sea, on the isthraus ofa peninsula. It
has 2 good harbours and a dock-ysird for buildng
ships, 280 m. E, Conatantinople, Lon, 35° E,
Lat 41° 6' N, Pop, 60,000,
Sinon, r. Peraia, in Mazanderan, which runs in
to the Caspian sea, 5 m. E. Fehrabad,
Sintsheim, t. Baden, 13 ra. S, S, E.Heidelberg,
18 ra. E. Spire. Pop. 2,158.
Sio,' t, Africa, on the coast of Zanguebar, 10
m, N, W, Arapaca.
Siop, amall isl, Denraark, near the W, coast of
Langeland. Lon. 10° 42' E, Lat 54° 5ff N.
Sion, I, France, in Lower Loire, 9 m, W, Cha
teaubriant. Sion, mountain of Asia, situated lo the S. of Je
rusalem, of rauch celebrity in sacred history.
Sion, or Sitten, t. Switzerland, and cap. of tfae
Valais, on a river of the same name, which soon
after runs into the Rhone, II is the see ofa bisfaop,
and containa 6 churches, with some convents, a
coUege, and 3 palaces ofthe bishop. 48 m, E, Ge
neva, 48 S. Berne, Lon. 7° 9' E. Lat, 46" 1 1' N.
Siaree, t. Bengal, in the district of Birbhoora, 50
ra, S, W, Moorshedabad, 56 frora Cutwa, It is
one ofthe stations of tfae Baptist Missionary Soci
ety.
¦¦ Sioule, r. France, which runa into the AUior, 2
m, N, St, Pourcain,
Sioux, Indims, the most powerful tribe in N-
Araerica. They conaiat of seven independent
bands, each under ils own cfaief; bul they aro
united in a confederacy forthe protection of their
territories, and send deputies to a general coun
cil of chiefs and warriors, whenever the concerns
of tfae nation require il, Tfaey inhabit with tri
fling exceptions aU the country between the Mis
sissippi and Miasouri rivera, south of N- lat. 46°,
Their country also includes large tracts south of
the Missouri and east of the Mississippi, They
are brave, spirited, and generous, with proud no
tions of their origin as a tribe, and their superior
ity as hunters and warriors, and with a predomi
nant passion for war. Their number was stated
by the late General Pike at 21,675, ofwhom 3,800
were warriors.
Sip, or Fort Eli:abeth, fortress of Servia, on the

694

S I R

S, side o£the Danube : at a amall distance farther
Ues the Demikarpi, tfaat is the iron-gate, cora
monly called Cataractse Danubii, 4 ra, E, Orsova,
Sipavend, t. Persia, in Mekran, 210 m, N, N.
W, Kidge, 310 S, S. W, Candahar,
Siphanto,- isl, in the Grecian Archipelago, an
ciently Siphnos, 30 miles long and 6 broad, is one
of the moat fertile and best improved in tfae Arcfai
pelago, The chief articlea of commerce are cal-
licoea, figa, onions, wax, honey, oil, and capers.
Lon, 24" 46' E, Lat, 36" 59' N, Pop, 6,000.
Sipitts, t. MingreUa, on a river wich runs into
tfae Blacksea, 200 ra, W, N, W, Teflis, 220 N. N,
W, Erivan,
Sipsey, r. Alabama, whicfa runs S, W, and joins
the "Tombigbee, 40 m. N, ol the raouth of Alabama
river. Sir, or Sirr, r, which rises in tfae raountains of
Tartary, and runs into the Lake of Aral, in lat,
45° Iff N,
Sir Charles Hardy's Islatid, isl, in the Pacific
ocean, Lon, 154" ff E. Lat. 4° Sff S.
Sir Charles Hardy' s Islands, sraall islands inthe
Pacific ocean.. Lon. 217° W. Lat. 1 1" 55' S,
Sir Henry Martin's Island, isl. in the Pacific
ocean, about 16 leaguea in circumference, called
by the natives Nooaheva. Lon, 220° E, Lat 8°
51° S.
Sir Charles Sounder's Island, or Tapooamanao,
isl, in the Pacific occ-an, Lon, 150° 4ff W, Lat,
17° 28' S,
Siradia, t. Pruasian States, in Posen, late capital
of a palatinate in Poland, ofthe same name, on the
Warta, with a casUe, 100 m. N. N, W, Cracow,
110 S, W, Warsaw, Lon, 18° 4ff E. Lat. 61°
31' N,
Siraf, I. Persia, in 1 ,aristan, on the N, coast of
the Persian gulf, 30 m, S, W, Lar, Lon, 53° 50'
E. Lat 26° 44' N,
Sirajepour, t. Hind, in Allahabad, 10 m, E, Co
rah, Lon.80°5ffE, Lat26°ffN.
Siron Losa, lake of Thibet, about 18 milea in
circumference, 18 m. W, Lake Tenckri,
Siri, t. Abyaainia, and cap, of a province of the
eame name. The province is about 26 miles
square, and considered as part of Tigr€, Lon, 38°
Iff E. Lat 14° ff N.
Siret, r. iyioldavia, which runa into tfae Danube,
4 m. S. Galacz.
Sirgian, or Kerman, t. Persia, in Kerman, cel
ebrated for its beautiful polterv, and manufacture
of stuff: 150 m. E, Chiras, 280 S, E, Ispafaan,
Lon. 56" Sff E. Lat. 29" 4ff N,
Sirgune, r. Prusaia, which runs into the Friach
Haff, below Elbing,
Sirhind, circar, Hind, belween Delhi and La
hore, Sirhind, the capital, is 140 ra. S. E. La
hore, 148 N, W, Delhi, Lon, 76" 7' E, Lat. 30°
42'N.- Sirion, s-p. Pegu, 72 m. S. Pegu, 116 E, Per
saim. Lon. 96° Sff E. L-at. 16° 54' N.
Sirinagur, t. Thibet, cap. of a district on ^
branch ofthe Ganges, 150 ra, N, E, Delhi, Lon.
79° 13' E. Lat, 30° 22' N,
Sirinagur, t, Bengal, 20 m, N, N, E, Calcutta,
Lon, 88° 48' E, Lat 23° 7'N,
Sirius, isl, in the Pacific ocean, 18 miles in cir
cumference, Lon, 162" Sff E, Lat, 10" 62' S,
Sirmium, or Sirmich, t, Sclavonia, 40 ra, N, W.
Belgrade. Sirowy, circar, Hind, in Agmere, on each aide
of the 1 ivcr Puddar, Chief towns, Sirowy and
Jalour,

? SIX
Sirpy, t. Hind, in Mysore, 30 m, S, E, Chittle
droog, 65 N, Seringapatam,
Sirr. See Sir.
Sisalk, (Ust,y t, Rusaia, at tfae union of the riv
era Vim and Vitcfaegda, 120 m, N, E, Ustiug, 320
N, E. Vologda, Lon, 49° 4ff E. Lat 61° 5ff N.
Sister Island, Eastern, Middk, and Western, 3
small islands in Lake Erie, near tfae mouth of
Maumee bay, 18 ra, S, E, by S. Amherstburg, The
largest ofthem contains about 20 acres,
Sisteron, t. France, in Lower Alpa, on the Du
rance, with a small citadel on a rock, 15 m, N,W,
Digne, 30 N, E. Apt, Lon, 6" 1' E, Lat 44° 11'
N. Pop, 3,891.
Sisters, 2 smaU islands in the Red sea. Lon. 39°
IffE. Lat 19° SO'N.
Sistersville, p-v. Tyler co, Va,
Sistova, or Ssisto, tEu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, on
tfae rigfat bank of tfae Danube, 25 m, E, Nicopoli,
Lon. 24° 44' E, Lat 43° 45' N,
Siszek, t. Croatia, at the conflux of the Save and
Kulpa, fortified with a waU and moat 48 m, S,
Varasdin, 40 E, Carlstadt Lou, 16° 44' E. Lat.
45° Sff N,
Sitang, r. Hind, one of the branchea ofthe Pe
gu, which runs into tfae bay of Bengal.
Sitenskoi, t Russia, in Novgorod, near the U-
men, 20 m.W, S, W, Kreatzei.
Silpaur, t. Hind, in Moultan, on the Indus, 30
ni, N, W, Mo-altan,
Siltart, t France, in Roer, 12 m. S. Ruremond,
18 W. Juliers.
Siller, r. Switz. which joins the Thur, 9 m. W,
St Gal.
Sittingbum, I. Eng, in Kent, 16 m. W, S. W,
Canterbury, 40 E, Loadon, Lon. 0° 45' E. Lat
51° 21' N.
Sivas, (an, Sebaste,) city, A, Turkey, and cap,
of a government lo which it gives nsune, the reai
dence of a pachsi. It is surrounded with waUs,
and defended by a castle. 375 m. E. Constanti
nople, Lon, 37° E. Lat. 38° 5ff N".
Siut, or Osiot, or Seiot, t Egypt, 2 miles W.
from the Nile, the see of a bishop. Il is lEuge,
populous, and weU-buflt In a mountain above
Siut are several remai-kable spacious caverns,
adorned with hieroglyphics and emblematical fig
ures, 162 m. S, Cairo. Lon, 31° Sff E. Lat 2r
2ffN. Pop, about 25,000.
Siwah, or SiauaJi, t Africa, in TripoU, on the
frontiers of Egypt, supposed to be Uie ancient
Mareotis, It is in a fertile apot, 6 miles long and
4 broad. A large portion of tfais space is covered
with date trees : there are also pomegranates,
figs, olives, apricots, wheat, rice, and plantsuns,
Mr, Brown found here the remsiins of an ancient
Egyptian building ; it was a single apartment,
built of huge stones, similar to those of the pyra
mids. The length was 32 feet, the height about
18, and the breadth 15. Here are some apart
ments cut in the rock, which have the appearance
of places of sepulture. On Uiis spot it is gener
ally supposed the celebrated teraple of Jupiter
Ammon stood. 240 m, W, Cairo, Lon, 26° 35'
E, Lat. 29° Iff N,
Six Nations, a confederacy of Indian Nations,
so called by the British and Araericans, The
French call them Iroquois. Formerly they were
called the Five Nations, five only being joined in
that alliance. These six nations are the Mohawks,
Oneidas, Onondagas, Senecas, Cayugas, and Tus-
caroras. The latter joined the confederacy near
ly 100 yeara ago. The whole number of the Sis

S K I

SLA

695

Nations is about 5,000, Their villages are prin
cipaUy in the weatern parts of New-York. The
Mohawks reaide on Grand river, in Upper Canadsu
The Cayugaa abo are principally within the Brit
iah line,
Sixt, t, France, in lUe-and- Vilsiine, 6 ra, N, Re
don, 24 S, S, W, Rennes,
Sizandro, r. Portugal, whicfa runs into the At
lantic, in lon, 9° 1 ff W, Lat, 39" 2' N.
Sizeboli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on a poinl
of land wliich projecta into tfae Black aca. It ia
the seeofaGreek Eirchbishop. 14 m. E.Burgos,
105 N. N. W. Constantinople, Lon, 27° 44' E, Lat,
42° SffN,
Sisran, t. Russia, in Simbirsk, on the Volga, 27
m, S, Simbirsk, Lon. 48° 14' E, Lat 53° 10' N.
Sisun, t France, in Finisterre, 6 m, S, E, Lan-
derneau, 6 S. Landiveaiau.
Skarroe, small isl, of Denmark, near the S. coast
of Fyen, 6 m, S, Svenborg, Lon, 10° 29' E, Lat,
65° 1'N,
Skagen, promontory of Iceland, wfaich projects
from the N, coast, about 20 railes, Lon, 46° 61'
E,Lat66°N, Skok, araaU ial, on the W, coaat of Scotland,
Lon. 5° 23' W. Lat 55° 54' N.
Skalgrund, sraall isl, on the E, aide of the gulf
of Bothnia, Lon, 5° 2ff W, Lat 55° 54' N,
Skake, amaU isl. of Denraark, near the coast of
Laaland. Lon. 1 1° 2ff E. Lat 55° N.'
Skanderborg, t. Denraark, in North Jutland.
10 m. S. S. W, Aarhuus. Lon. 9° 64' E. Lat, 66°
55' N,
Skana, t Sweden, in Schonen, 20 ra. S. S. W.
Lund, Lou. 12° 34' E. Lat, 56° 24' N,
Skaro, t. Sweden, tfae raost ancient town ofthe
country, and formerly capital of the kingdora of
Gothland. It was lolallv destroyed by fire in
1719, 60 m. E. UddevaUa. Lon. 13° SO' E, Lat,
58° 24' N. Pop. 400.
Skedaway, araall ial. off' the coast of Georgia,
about 10 ra. S. Savannah,
Skddness, cape, Scotland, on the S, W. coast of
Shetiand. Lon, 1° 4ff W. Lat 60" 12' N ,
Skeleftea, r. Swedish Lapland, wfaich runs into
thegulf of Bothnia, alilUe S. E, of Pitea,
Skell, r, Eng. which runs into the Ure, near
Rippon, in Yorlcshire,
SkeUigs, 2 small islands off the S. W, coast of
freland, 6 m. S. W. Bolus Head. Lon, 10° 2ff W.
Lat 61° 42'N.'
Skeneateles, lake, principally in Onondaga co.
N, Y. about 15 railes long and 1 J wide. It dis
charges its waters through an outlet 10 miles long
into Seneca river,
Skeneateles, p-v, in Marcellus, Onondaga co,
N. Y. al the outiet of Skeneateles lake, 7 m. E,
Auburn, 163 W, Albau}'. It contains about 100
houses, and ahaudsorae Preabyterian churcfa, and
is a flouriafaing place,
' Skenectada. See Sqhenectady.
Skenesbaraugh. See WhitehaU.
Skerry, sraall isl, with a light-houae, near the
N. W. coast of Anglesea, in the Irish aea. Lon.
4° 40' W. Lat 53" SffN.
Sker Point, cape on the coast of Wales, in the
Bristol cfaannel. Lon. 3" 42' W. Lat 5 1° 27' N.
Skerot, rock near the W. coast of Skye. Lon.
6°40' W,Lat.57"24'N,
Skelhye, r. Wales, in Merionethshire, which
runs into the'lrish sea, 4 ra. N, N. W, Barraoutfa,
Skiddau; mountain, Eug, in Cumberland, 3,000

feet above the level of the aea. 3 m, N, Kes
wick, Skiffi, amall ial. in the Grecian Archipelago,
Lon. 24" 13' E. Lat, 38" 44' N,
Skillo, Cope, on the E, coaat of Greece. Lon.
23°3ffE,Lat37°:2ffN, Skilskioer, s-p, Denraark, in the island of Zea
land, in a bay which communicates witfa the Great
Belt 48 ra, S, W, Copenhagen. Lon. 11° 27' E.
Lat 65° Iff N.
Skilugrund, amall isl. on the E. side of the gulf
of Bothnia. Lon, 20° 50' E. Lat. 63" 55' N.
Skinnersvilk, p-v. Wasfaington co. N. C.
Skinosa, desert isi. in tfae Grecian Archipelago,
6 m. S. Naxia. Lon. 26° 32' E. Lat 36° 55' N.
Skion, t. Sweden, near the gulf of Bothnia, 30 ra.
S. Hernosand.
Skipness Point, cape, Scotland, on the E. coast
of Kintyre, 22 ra. N. Carabletown. Lon. 5° 24'
W. Lat 66° 4ff N.
Skippak, t. Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 902.
Skipton, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 22 m. N. HaUfsiz,
219 N. London. Lon. 2° 44' W. Lat, 63" 5ff N,
Skiringlass, small isl. near tfae W, coastof Scot
land, Lon. 6° Iff W . Lat. 58" 2' N.
Skodny, t. of Silesia, in tfae principality of Op
peln, Here is a royal foundry for casting bombs,
10 m. S. Oppeln,
Skolcam, small isl. near the W, coast of Wales,
Lon. 5° 17' W. Lat 5 1° 42' N,
Skomar, ^sraall ial, near the W, coast of Wales.
Lon, 6° 17' W. Lat 61° 41' N,
Skangen, t Norway, on the coast, 26 m. N, N.
Drontheim. Skonondoah. See Sconondoah.
Skopia, or Uskup, t. Eu, Turkey, iu Macedonia,
on the Varda, the see of an arcfabisfaop, 54 ra, N.
Akrida, 66 S, S, W, Nissa, Lon, 21° 2" E, Lat, 42"
40' N,
SIcuppemong, r. N, C, connected by a cana!
witfa the lake in Dismal Swamp,
Slaittack hiUs, in Hancock co. Maine, N. N. E.
of Goldsborougfa harbour. Tfaey are 6 in num
ber, appear round at a distance, and serve as
land-marks in sailing into the harbour.
Skye, small isl. near the W. coast of Scotland,' and
one of the largest of those called the Western Isl
ands, being 47 railes long from N. to S. and from
12 to 20 broad. Lon. 6° Iff W. Lat 57° 18' N.
Pop. 14,470.
Slabtown, v. Burlington co. N. J. 4 m. from
Burlington. Slade Point, cape on tfae N. E. coast of New-
Holland, 15 m. S. E. Hillsborough.
Slagelse, tOenraark, in the island of Zealand,
42 ra. W. S. W. Copenhagen. Lon. 11° 2ff E.
Lat 65° 26' N.
Slaighthwaite, t. Eng, in Yorksfaire, 4 m. S, W.
Huddersfield. Slane, v. Ireland, in Meath, on the left bank of
the Boyne, 3 ra, W, Drogheda,
Slangerup, t. Denraark, in the island of Zea
land, 16 m, N, W, Copenhagen, Lon, 12° Iff E-
Lat 45° 51' N.
Slaperdike, v. HoUand, 7 m. N. Alcmaer,
Slate-iron-works, p-v, Bath co. Ken,
Slatina, t, Walachia, on the E. aide of tfae Al-
aut, 2ra,N, E. Branoovani, 50 W, Buchareat,
Slave Coast, a country in Africa, bordering on
the Atlantic, between the Gold Cosist and Be
nin, 5/at'e Lake, N. Araerica, lying between lat, 60°
30' and 63" N, aud between lon, 110° and 119" W,

696

S L U

It ia 270 miles long and 1,000 in circumference.
It receives tfae waters of Atfaapescow lake from
tfae south tfarougfa Slave river, and diachargea it
self at ita N, W, extreraity tfarough M'Kenzie's
river into the Frozen ocean.
Slave river, r. N, Araerica, whicfa forraa the out
let of Alhapeacow lake, and running N, falla into
Slave lake,
Stovensk, t. Ruasia, in "Ekaterinoslav, on the
Dnieper, 48 m, S, Ekaterinoslav, Lon, 34° 44'
E, Lat, 47°. 24' N,
Slaughter creek, r. Md. on the Eastem afaore of
the Cfaesapeake,
Slawkow t. Auatrian Poland, in tfae palatinate of
Cracow, 25 m. N, W, Cracow,
Sleaford, t Eng, in Lincoln, 17 m, S. Lincoln,
115 N, London, Lon, 1° 24' W, Lat, 53" N,
,Slebese, or Slybse, smaUisl. inthe Straits of Sun
da, Lon, 105° 24' E, Lat 5° 64' S,
Sledge Island, ial, in tfae Pacific ocean, near the
N. W, coast of America, about 12 railes in circuit,
Lpn, 166° ff W, Lat. 64" SO' N.
Sleswick, (Duchy of,) a province of Denraark,
bounded N. by Jutland, E. by the Baltic, S. by
Holstein, and W. by the North aea ; about 72
miles long and frora 30 to 56 broad. The country
is level and well auppUed with corn, cattle, and
fiah. Tfae infaabitsinta are a raixture of Danes,
Ssucons, Friscfaians, and HoUandera. It containa
several towns, and 1,500 villages. Sleswick ia the
capital. Sleswick, city, Denmark, and cap. of the above
duchy, on.the river or gulf of Sley It ia al prea
ent no longer a port ; the Sley being choked up
with sand. 60 m. N. Hamburg. Lon, 9" 34' E.
Lat, 54" Sff N, Pop. 5,'629,
Slickenborch, t. Netherlands, on the Linde, 28
m. S. Lewarden, 20 S. E. Staveren,
Sliebb-bloom, raountaina of Ireland, between
King's and Queen's counties,
Sligo, t. Ireland, in Sligo co. al the mouth of a
river, whicfa runs frora Lough Gill into Sligo bay,
and ia navigable for veasels of 200 lons up to tfae
quays, Tfae trade is considerable, 66 m, N. N.
E, Galway, 94 N, W, Dublin, Lon, 8" 20' W.
L-dt 54" IffN, Pop. 9,000,
Sligo, CO. Ireland, in tfae province of Connaugfat,
bounded N. by the sea, E. by Leifrim and Ros-
coramon, and S, and W, by Mayo,
Slipper Island, amall isl, in the Eaatern Indian
Sea, Lon, 93° Sff E. Lat 14° 8' N,
Slippery rock, r. Pa, which runa into Beaver
creek. Slippery rock, t. Butler co. Pa, Pop, 658,
Slippery rock, t. Mercer co. Pa, Pop. 789.
suite, r. Scotland, which runs into the Tiviot,
near Hawick, in Roxburgahire.
Skanesvilk, p-v. Schoharie co. N. Y,
Skbadskoi t. Rusaia, in Viatka, 20 m. N, N, E.
Viatka. Lon. 50° 44' E.Lat 58" 4ffN.
Skkum's Island, one of the Elizabetfa islanda
Mass, 5 miles in circuit.
Skater., or Stolen, t. in Netherlands, in Fries
land, near a large lake called Skoter-Meer, 10 m.
S. Bolawaert, 10 E. Staveren, Lon. 5° 35' E. Lat.
52" Sff N, Pop, 2,616,
Sluck, or Sluckz, t. Lithunia, in Novogrodek, 68
m. E, S, E, Novogrodek, 254 E, Warsaw, Lon.
27° 33' E. Lat 52° 50' N,
Sluys, or Ecluse, a-p, Flanders, and forraerly
one ofthe best porta on that coast, but now capa-
blp of rfcoivir,"- small vessels onlv. It is furnish-

SMI
cd with sluices, by means of which they can Isiy
the whole country under water, 18 m, N. E. Os
tend, 8 N. Bruges, Lon. 8° 14' E, Lat 51° 20' N.
Slyme Head, cape, on tfae W, coast of Ireland.
Lon, 10° 14' W, Lat 53° 23' N,
Smaland, or Smaland, a province of Sweden,
about 100 railes long, and 60 broad. The princi
pal towns are Calraar, Wexio, and Jonkioping,
Smalkalden, or Schmalkalden, t. Germany, in
Hease-Caaael, in tfae province of Henneberg, oh
a river of the same name. Near it are salt-pits,
and mines of iron and ateel. The Proteatant prin
ces held meetings faere, in 1529, 1530, 1531, 1533,
1535, 1540. 27 ra. N. N. E. Scfaweinfurt, 12 N.
N. E. Hildburghausen. Lon, 10" 4ff E, Lat. 50°
47' N. Pop, 5,700,
Small Key, sraall isl. in the Indian Sea, Lon.
247" 16' W. Lat. 10" 37' N.
Snwlk, (The) rocks in the Iriah Sea, on which a
light-houae is erected, 15 m. S. W, St. David's
Head, Lon. 5" Sff W, Lat 51° 44' N,
Smarden, t. Eng. in Kent, 26 ra. E, S. E. Tun
bridge, 56 E, S, E. London. Lon. 0° 41' E, Lat
51° ffN.
Smeltz, r. Prussia, whicfa runs into tfae Curish
Hafi', 2 ra, S, Memel.
Smerwick, v. Irelsmd, in Kerry, wfaicfa gives
name to a place csdled Smerwik Harbor. Lon. 10
IffW. Lat 52° UN.
Smethpofl, p-t. and cap. McKean co. Fa. 45 m
E, Warren,
Smirsils, t. Bofaeraia, 6 ra. N. E, Konigingratz,
47 E, N, E, Prague, Lon. 15° 42' E. Lat 50° 14' K.
Smitli, t. Wasfaington co. Pa, Pop, 1,646,
Smith, CO, Weat Tennessee, ou Cumberland
river. Pop, 11,649, including 2,201 slaves. Chief
town, Carthage.
Smith, t. Belraont co. Ofaio, 8 m. S, St Clairs
viUe, Pop, in 1819, 775.
Smith's Inlet, a bay on the W. coast of N. Amer
ica, The entrance is nearly closed by rocky islets-
Lon, ofthe entrance, 232" 12' E. Lat 51° 2* Jf-
Smith's Isknd, Isu'ge and lofty isl, in the Pacific
Ocean. Lon. 161° 54' E. Lat 9" 44' S-
Smilh's river, r. N, H. which runs into the Pemi-
gewasset in New-Chester,
Smith's river. See Staunton river, Va,
Smith's Sound, bay on the E. coast of New
foundland, bounded by Cape Bonavista,
Smithfield, p-t. Providence co, R. I. on Pawtuck
et river, 9 m, N, W. Providence. Pop, 3,828. It
contains 4 churches, 2 of wfaicfa belong to the Qua
kera, aud 3 Academies. Lime of an excellent
quality is raade here iu abundcrace, and exported
to tfae Southern Slates. Here are also 9 cotton
factories containing together 11,000 spindles; a
gun factory and several oUier factories.
Smithfield, p-l. Madison co. N. Y. 29 m. W. S.
W, Utica. Pop, 2,65 1, It contains Uie viUage of
Peterborough, Smithfield, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 1,084,
Smithfield, p-t. Fayette co. Pa.
Smithfield, (>-t. Bradford co. Pa.
Smithfield, Lower, t, Northampton co. Pa. Pop.
1,2'36. Smithfield, p-t Isle of Wight co. Va. on Pagan
creek which erapties into James river, and is nari
gable for vessela of 20 lons. 30 m. W. N. W. Nor
folk, 85 S. E. Richmond,
Smithfield, p-t, and cap. Johnson co. N. C, in
a beautiful plain on the E, aide of the Neuse, It
contains a court-house and jail, and is a place of

S M Y

S O A

697

some trade. Near the centre of the town is an
Indian burying place, originaUy 16 feet high and
30 in diameter, 25 m,,S, E, Raleigh, 100 N, W,
Newbern, Smithfield, t. Guernsey eo, Ofaio, 15 m, E,
Cambridge, Smitlrfidd, p-t, Jefferson co, Ohio, 12 m, S, W,
SteubenviUe, Pop, in I8I5, 500, Here is a bank,
Smiihland, p-t Livingston co. Ken, on the Ofaio,
3 m. below the mouth of Cumberland river. Pop,
99, Smith's Island, small isl, in the Atlantic, ofi" the
Eastern ahore of Virginia, Itis 2 miles from the
main land, with a channel of 2 or 3 fathoms depth
between. Smith's Island, amall isl. offthe coast of N. C. at
the mouth of Cape Fear river.
Smith's borough, p-v. Tioga co. N. Y.
Smith's ferry, p-v. Ofaio co. Ken.
Smith's point, the S. cape at the mouth of Po
tomac river.
Smith's store, p-v. Spartenburg district, S. C.
Smithtown, p-t Suflblk co. Long-laland, N. Y
Jt is situated on the Sound, 53 m. E. New- York.
It haa aome sfaipping, employed chiefly in trading
with New- York. Pop. 1,592 ; in 1820, 1,907.
Smithtown, t. Howard co. Misaouri.
SmitkviUe, t. Chenango co. N. Y. 13 m. S. W.
Norwich. Pop. 995.
SmithviUe, p-t Bruna-wick co. N. C. . near the
mouth of Cape Fear river, 30 ra. below Wilming
ton. It has a convenient harbour with a good
deptfa of water. Here is an acaderay.
SmaekviUe, p-v. Jefiierson co. Indiana.
Smalen, isl. in the North Sea, on the coast of
Norway, 25 railes in circumference. Lon. 8° 26'
E. Lat 63° 24' N.
Smolensk, t Ruasia, and cap. of a govemraent,
on the Dneiper. II is a bishop's aee ; and ils cora
merce is very considerable. It is famous in histo
ry, as the subject of raany disputea between tfae
Poles and Russi-ans. It is built on two bills, witfa
a valley and tfae river belween ; and aurrounded
¦with walls 30 leet faigh, and 15 thick. Tfae prin
cipal articles of trade are flax, faemp, limber,
masts, plank, honey, wax, hides, and Siberian
furs. A battle was fought here in August 1812,
between the Frencfa and Rusaians, in wfaicfa the
latter were defeated, and burnt the city to prevent
its occupation by the enemy. 420 m. E. N. E.
Waraaw, 180 W. S. W. Moscow, 328 S, S, E, Pe
tersburg, Lon, 32° Iff E, Lat, 54° 40' N, Pop,
12,000. Srpolenskoe, government, Russisi, bounded N. by
Psovskoe, and Tverskoe, E, by Moacovskaia, and
Kaluzskoc, S. by Orlovskoe, and Novgorod Siever-
skoe, and W. by Polotzskoe and Mogilevskoe,
Smolensk is the capital, Lon, 31° to 36" E, Lat
53° 20' to 56° Iff N. Pop, 1,058,700.
Smyrna, or Ismir, a city and aeaport, A. Tur
key, in Natolia, on a gulf of the Mediterranean
which is capable of containing the largest navy in
the world. The commodiousneas of ils harbor has
rendered it the common rendezvous of the great
est merchants in all the four parts of the world.
The whole town ia a continual bazar, or fair,
where all tfae best comraodities of Asia and Europe
are bought and sold at cheap rates. The territo
ry about Srayrna is very fertile, with fine olive-
trees and vines. The European consuls live here
in great state and magnificence. The total value
of exporta from Smyrna to London amounted, on
au average of tho years 1785, 1786, and 1787, to
88

463,349/. aterling, and from London to Smyrna, to
423,548/. In 1790, 1791, and 1792, the exports to
London amounted to 779,610/, Emd the imports
from thence to 848,280/, The city containa 19
moaques, 8 Jewish synagogues, 2 churches for
Greeks, and 1 for Armenians, 'fhe Chriatian Eu
ropeans are called Franks, and occupy, with few
exceptions, one street bearing their name. This
city suffered by a very extenaive and devouring
fire on the Oth of August, 1763, 176 ra, S, S, W.
Constantinople, Lon, 27° 8' E, Lat 38° 28' N.
Pop. 130,000, of whora 70,000 are Turks, 30,000
Greeks, 15,000 Armenians, 10,000 Jews, and
5,000 strangers and Franks.
Smyrna, p-t. Chenango co. N. Y, 10 m, N, Nor
wich, 105 W, Albany, Popi 1,334,
Smyrna, formerly Duck creek, or Salisbury, p-t.
Kent CO. Del. on Duck creek, 10 m. above its
raouth, aud 12 N. W. Dover. It contains a bank
and an academy.
Smythsborough, p-v. Somerset co. Pa,
Snaasen, lake of Norway, 24 miles long, and 3
wide, 54 m. N. N; E, Drontheim.
Snafield, mountain in the Isle of Man ; from the
top of wfaich there is a fair prospect of England,
Scotland, Ireland, and Walea,
Snailh, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, al the conflux of
the Don and Aire, 24 ra. S, York, 174 N, London,
Lon. 1° 4' W, Lat 53° Sff N.
Snafce Islands, sraall islands in the Indian Sea,
near the coast of Africa. Lat, 5° 20' S,
Snares, a cluster of islands in the Pacifio Ocean,
The largest, 9 ra, in circuit, is in lon, 166" 20' £,
lat. 48° ff S,
Snamvier, t. A, Turkey, in Sivas, 25 m, S, S.
W, Arabkir,
Sneod's tavern, p-v, Fluvanna co, Va,
Sneeck, t. Netherlands, in Friesland, surround
ed witfa ditches and raraparta, 38 m. W, S, W,
Groningen, 13 S, Lewarden,' Lon, 5° 36' E, Lat,
53" 4' N, Pop, 4,893.
Sneedsborough, p-v, Richmond co. N. C.
Sneime, t Persia, in Irac, 57 m. W. N. W.
Hamadan. Snettisham, t. Eng. in Norfolk, 13 m. N, Lynn,
11 1 N, N, E, London, Lon, 0° SO' E. Lat 52° Sff N,
Sniabar, t Cooper co. Missouri,
Sniatyn, t. Austrian Slates, on the Pruth, 96 ra,
N. Lemberg, 250 E, S, E. Crakow, Lob, 25° 52'
E, Lat, 48° Sff N.
Snicker' ferry, p-v. Frederick co, Va,
Snicker's gap, p-v. Loudon co. Va,
Snowdan, mountain of Wales, in Caernsu7von-
shire, 3,500 feel above the level of the aea.
Snow hill, f-l, and cap, Worceater co, Md. at
tfae head waters of the Pokoraoke, 20 ra. E, Prin
cess Ann. The public buildings are a court-houae
and jail, a bank, an Acaderay, and 3 churches, 1
each for Presbyterians, Methodists, and Episco
palians, It is a place of considerable trade.
Amount of shipping in 1816, 7,364 tons. Here is
a large steam factory which is in sucoeaaful ope
ration. Snowhill, p-v. Greene co. N. C,
Snug Comer Cove, bay of the Pacific Ocean, on
the E. side of Prince William's Sound. Lon, 146°
Sff W, Lat 60° Sff N.
Soak, or Souiak, t. Arabia, in Maacat, on the E,
coast, 5 m, N. W. Burka,
Soalterpour, t, Bengal, 20 ra, E, R,anganiatty,
Saona, t. Tuscany, the see ofa bishop, 65 m, S.
Florence, Soane, r. Hind, which runs into the Gangea near
Patna,

698

S O D

S O H

Soangur, t Hind, in Guzerat, 60 m, S, Surat,
15 W, Noopour. Lon, 73° Sff E, Lat 21° 10' N,
Soank, r. Hind, which funs into tfae Braranee
near Kroud in Orissa,
Soapy Rock, rock in the English Channel, 4 ra,
N, W, Lizard Point,
Soar, or Sour, (an, Leire,) r. Eng. which runs
into the Trent, 3 ra. N. N, E, Kegworth.
Soar, fort, Hind, in Bafaar, 23 m, N, Durbnnga,
Lon, 86" ff E, Lat, 26° Sff N,
Sobieslau, t Bofaeraia, 10 m, E, Becfain, 48 S, S,
W, Czaalau, Lon, 14° 34' E. Lat 49" 18' N,
Sobotka, t Bohemia, 33 m, N, Prague, Lon, 15°
11' E, Lat 50° 24' N,
Socha, in Sac, Geog, t, Palestine, in the plains
of the tribe of Judah,
Society hill, p-v. Darlington district S, C.
Society Islands, a cluster of islsmds in the South
Pacific Ocean, lying between lat, 16° Iff and 16°
5ff S, and between lon, 150° 57' and 152° W,
The name. Society Islands, is sometimea given lo
tfae 9 following, viz, Huaheine, Raiatea, Otaha,
Borabora, Marua, Tetaroa, TapuamaUn, Otafaeite
and Eimeo, but the four last are raore properly
called Georgian islanda. Tfae inhabitants, cli
mate, and produce are sirailar in many respects,
to those of Otaheite, from whicfa island tfaey are
not above fifty leagues diatant towarda tfae N. W.
Tfaey abound with hoga, fowls, plantains, and
yama. For an account of the abolition of idolatry
and introduction of Chriatianity in these islands,
aee Otaheite.
Society lond, t. Hillsborough co, N, H, 22 m. S,
W, Concord,
Socoa, s-p, France, in Lower Pyrenees, 8 m. S,
S, W, Bayonne, Lon, 1° Sff W, Lat 43° 24' N,
Sacbney, p-v, Pendleton district, S. C.
Sacanusco, or Guevetlan, t. Guatimala, on a riv
er near the Pacific Ocean, 460 ra, S. E. Mexico,
Lon, 94° 36' W, Lat 15° 2ff N,
Socorro, ial. in the Pacific Ocean, 20 miles in
circumference, 200 ra, W. from the coast of Mexi
co, Lon, 120° 4ff W, Lat, 18° 40' N.
Socas, Email isl. in the AUantic near tfae coast of
Africa, Lat 29° 45' S.
Sacatara, or Socotra, isl. in the Arabian Sea, 25
leaguea frora Cape Guardafui, about 24 leaguea
long, and 16 broad. It haa been very variously
and contradictorily described by difierenl authors.
It is agreed, however, that the island is populous
and fruitful. Most of the inhabitants are Maho
metans, styling themselves Arabs, ll produces
aloes, frankincense, amber-gris, rice, dales, and
coral, Lon. 54° E. Lat 12° 15' N,
Sodbury, (Chipping,) t. Eng. in Gloucester, 1 1
m. N, E, Briatol, 1 12 W, London, Lon, 2° 26' W,
Lat 51° 'Sff N,
Soden, v. Germany, 20 ra. W. N, W. Franldbrt
on the Maine.
Soderhamn, a-p. Sweden, at the mouth of a river
near the Gulf of Bothnia. The trade is considera
ble in arms, linen, butter, tiraber, flax, &c, 20
m, N, Geflle,
Soderkioping, t. Sweden, on a navigable river,
10 m, S, S, E. Nordkioping, 125 N, Stockholm,
Lon, )6°54' E.Lat 61° IffN,
Soderon, sraall isl. near the coast of Sweden, in
the Alands Haf, Lon. 8" 14' E. Lat. 00° Iff N,
Sodertdge, or Soder Telge, t. Sweden, between
the aea and the Maeler Lake, Here ia a manu
facture of worsted and ailk stockings. 16 m. AV.
S, W, Stockholm, Lon. 18° 2ff E. Lat 59° ff N.

Sadmere Point, cape on the S, coaat of the Isle
of Wight Lon. 1° Iff W. Lat, 50° Sff N,
Sodom and Gommarroh, in Sac, Geog, two of
the four citiea in the vale of Siddim, which were
sunk in the Dead Sea.
Sod'us, bay, N. Y. in Lake Ontario, It ia the
beat harbor on the S. shore of the Lake, It ia 6 or
7 miles long and from 2 to 4 wide, and of sufficient
depth for vesaela of great burden. The entrance
ia I of a mile wide, and at preaent ia obatructed by
a bar with only 7 feet water. It is calculated
however that the bar can be removed with a small
expenae. Little Sodua bay ia 12 ra. E. of thia bay.
Sodiis, p-t. Ontario co. N. Y. on Lake Ontario,
25 m. N, E, Can-iindaigua, Pop, 1,957, It con
tains 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians and Ifor
Baptists, Soeborg, t Denmark, in the ialand of Zealand,
9 m, W. N, W. Helsingoer.
Soest, t Prussian States, in Cleves-Mid-Berg,
formerly one of the Hanse towns. It is of large
extent, and containa aeveral cfaurches. 22 m, E,
Dortraund, 27 S, E, Munster, Lon, 8° 11' E, Lat
51° SffN, Pop. 5,372-
Sqfola, or Zofala, or QuHerve, country, Afri
ca, bounded N. and W. by the atates of Mo
caranga, E, by tfae Mozambique Channel, S, by
Sabia; about 350 milea from E. to W, and 120
from N. to S, It extends about 50 leagues along
tfae coaat Tfae infaabitanta are a mixture of Ma
hometan Arabs, idolatrous CalFres, and bad Por
tuguese Christians, Frora tfae raines of Sofala,
gold ia said lo be yearly extracted to the value of
1, 166,666/. sterUng, "These riches are dirided be
tween the Portuguese, the Arabians of Zidenand
Mecca, and tfae native traders of Quiloa,- Momba-
9a, and Melinda. Sofala, the capital, has been
fortified by the Portuguese. The natives of Sofe-
la are for the most part black, with short curled
hair, there being but very few tawny or brown
among them. Many lesimed men venture lo af-
firra that it was from the mines of this country
Solomon faad fais gold wfaicfa is so highly commend
ed by the sacred historians, and that the kingdom
of Sofala is the celebrated Opfair, the gold being
allowed to be the purest and finest in aU Africa,
Lon, 33° lo 36° E. Lat 19" to 22° S,
Sofala, t. Africa, in the country of tfae same
name, Lou, 36° E, Lat, 19° 22' S,
Sofala, I. Africa, wfaicfa runs into the sea. Lat
19° 22' S.
Sofia. See SopAia.
Sogd, r, Asia, which rises 100 m. N. E, Samar
cand, suid loses itself in a lake, SO m, S, W,
Bukhara, Saglio di Bari, isl, near the coast of Naplea, in
the Gulfof Tai-ento, 11 m, W, Alessano.
Sagne Bay, wide river of Norway, which runs
into the North Sea, Lon, 5° 20' E, Lat 61° 2' N,
Sogno, or Sango, or Sanho, province of Africa,
in Congo, on the S. side of the Zsiire, along the
coast ofthe Atlantic,
Sogno, t. Africa, and cap, of tiie province of
Sogno, with about 400 houses, on a creek or small
river, about a mile from the Zayre,
Sohagcpour, t. Hind, and capital ofa diatrict in
AUahabad, 120 m. S, Allahabad, 250 S, W, Pat
na, Lon, 81°S4'E. Lat 2S°30'N,
Sahom, t. Eng, in Cambridge, on the river Cam,
called alao JtfonJfc'j Soham, 10 m, N, W, Newmark
et, 70 N, London. Lon. 0° 12' E. Lat 52° 2ff N.
Sahar, t. Arabia, in Oman, 44 m. N. W. Mas-
cat Lat 24° 17'N.

SOL

SOM

S^iatoi, sraall isl. of Rusaia, in the Caspian Sea,
148 m. S. E. Aatrachan, Lon, 60° 14' E. Lat 44"
40' N,
Soignies, t, Netherlands, in HSinaut, on the
Senne, near a forest to which it gives name, 6 m,
N, N, E, Mona, Pop, 4,445,
Soissons, city of France, iu Aisne, on the Aisne,
Before the revolution it was the see of a bishop,
and capital of a district, csdled Soissonnois. 6i
poats N, W, Rheims, 124 N, N, E, Paria, Lon, 3"
Iff E, Lat 49° 23' N, Pop, 7,229,
Soito de Rebordoins, t. Portugal, iu Entre Due
ro e Minfao, 6 m, N, Barceloa.
,- Soko, district, Africa, on tfae Gold Coast, ex
tending about a league sdong the coast,
Sal Galiesk, t. Russia, iu Koatrom, 96 ra, N, N,
E, Kosfrom, Lon. 42° 24' E, Lat. 69° N,
Sal Vitchegadsk, t. Russia, on the Vitchega, 36
m, N, Ustiug. Loo, -16° 14' E, Lat 61° Sff N,
Solonder's hland,isl. in tfae Pacific Ocean, near
the S, coast of New Zealand, It is a barren rock,
about a mile iu circuit Lon, 192° 4ff W, Lat 46°
31' S.
Solano, small isl, near the coast of Peru, Lat,
12° 2ff S.
Sokmta, t. Sicily, whicfa gives name lo a cape
and a bay, 8 m, E. Psdermo, Lon. 13° 36' E. Lat
38° ff N.
Soldau, or Dsiadorf, t Prussia, 100 m. S. Kon
igsberg, 68 E. Culm. Lon. 20° 4' E, Lat 53" 2' N,
Soldin, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, on a
lake to which it gives name, about 6 miles long,
32 m. N. Francforl on the Oder, 68 N. E, Berlin,
Lon. 1 4" 5ff E. Lat 53" 2' N. Pop. 3,400.
Solea, or Soli, t. Cyprus, SO m. N. N. E. Bafia. -.
Solebay. See Southwold. . '
.Sokbury, t. Berks co. Pa. on the Delawar^j op
posite A rawell, N. J. Pop. 1,669.
Salejioe, t Russia, iu Kolivan, 104 m. S. Koli
van. Lou. 80° 54' E. Lat 52° 4§' ,N.
Soknov, lake of Rusaia, 60 miles long, and 20
broad, between Lake Aral and the Caapian Sea.
Lon, 56° 14' E, Lat 43° 6ff to 44° 60' N,
Soleure, or Sobthume, t S'witzerland, and cap.
of a canton of the same name, on tfae river Aar.
It is at tfae foot of Mount Jursi, in a fertile and
pleasant plsiin, is well fortified, and containa six
churches, an abbey, a convent, and an arsenal, 26
m. S. S. W. Bale, 18 S, Berne, Lon, 7" 19' E, Lat
47°14'N, Pop. 5,000,
Soleure, canton, Switzerland, between Berne
and Bale, about 33 m, long, and from 12 to 24
broad, Alraost all the inhabitants are Roraan
CathoUcs, Pop, 43,6 10.
Sot^tara, a mountain abounding with sulphur,
situated lo the S. of tfae city of Naples.
Solfatara, or Lago di Bagni, a lake of Italy, in
Campagna di Roma. The water is chalky and
sulphureous ; towards the surface scarcely luke-
waim, but deeper, hot, and continually boiling.
11 m. S. E. Rome.
Solfwitzburg, or Solvesborg, or Sylvisborg, s-p.
Sweden, almoat envireneid fay the Baltic. It haa a
harbor, with a ruinous castle. 33 m. W, S, W .
Carlacrona, Lon. 14° 26' E, Lat, 56° 9' N,
Solianoi, fiirt, Ruaaia, in Kolivan, on the Irtisch,
Lon, 75° 14' E, Lat 54° 20' N.
Solianskpi Stenits, t, Ruaaisi, in Irkutak, on tbe
Lena, 16 m, N, E, Olekminak,
Solihull, t Eng, in Wsu-wick, 7 m. S. E. Bir-
oiaigham, 108 N- W, London. Lon, 1° 4ff W.
Lat 52° 25' N.
Solikamsk, t. Russia, in Perm, on the Kama, -fa

mous for its salt-works, 112 m. N. Perm. Eon. 56°
Iff E. Lat 59° Sff N.
Soliman, t. Tunis, 20 m, E, S, E. Tunia, f
Salimon, (Bay of) bay, on the W, coast of Afri
ca, in the Strait of Babel Mandeb, Lat 12° 3' N,
Solingen, t. Germany, on the Wipper, 12 m, E,
S, E, Dusseldorf, 14 N, Coblentz, Lon, 7° 2' E, ,
Lat 51" 8'N,
Solio, r. Naples, in Calabria, which runs into
the Mediterranean, in lon, 16° 6' E. lat. 39° 40' N,
Solitaire Island, small isl. in tfae Pacific Oce^n,
25 m, S, Kerguelen's Land, Lon. 68° 6' E, Lat
49°4ff S,
Solitary Island, isl, in the Pacific Ocean, Lon,
178°20' W, Latl0"4'S,
Solitary Islands, sraall islapds near the E, coast
of New Holtand, Lat, 30° 8'S,
Solium Moss, or Solway Moss, a tract of country,
Eng. in Curaberland, to the N, of the Elk, con
tsiining about 1,000 acres. Before the union of
the two kingdoras it waa debateable ground, the
inhabitants on both sides contending for it,
SoUgpaur, I, Hind, and cap. ofa circar, on the
Kistnah, 120 m. S. E, Viaapour, 110 S, W, Hy
drabad, Lon, 77° Iff E, Lat 16" 22' N,
Salms, a principality of Germany, now included
principally in the Grand Duchy of Heaae,
Solmsbach, r. Gerraany, whicfa runs into the
Lafan, 2 m, N, E, Braunfels, .
Sokmbol, isl, of Russia, iu Arcfaangel, iu the
river Dwina, 5 versts above Archangel,
Solomon's Islands, islands in the Pacifio Ocean,
situated E, of Papua, alsp called Arsacides.
^'Salomonstown, Indian village, Ohio, on the Mi-
'anii, 17 m, S, Fort McArthur,
Solon, p-t. Somerset co, Maine, on the E, bank
of Kennebeck river, 18 m, N, Norridgewoek:, 44
W. by N. HaUoweU,
Sokn, p-t Cortlandt co, N, Y, 10 m, E, Homer,
132 W, Albany. Pop. 1 ,270,
Saloon, small isl. in the Indian Sea, 25 ra, from
Samar. Lon, 125" 42' E, Lat 10" 55' N,
Solor, isl, in the E, Indian Sea, 70 m, in circum
ference, separated from the E, coaat of the ialand
of Flores by a narrow channel, called the Straits
of Florea, Lon. 123° 17' E. Lat 8° Sff S.
Sokthum. See Soleure.
Soktkova, t. Ruaaia, in Irkutsk, on the Ilmin, 60
m. S. W. Orlenga.
Sokvetskoi, small isl, of Ruaaia, in tfae Wliite
Sea, Lon, 30° 14! E. Lat 64° 55' N.
Solrele Chateau, t France, in North, 6 m, N, E.
Avesnes, 7 S. E, Maubeuge,
Solsona, or Solsona, I. Spain, in Catalonia, the
see of a bishto, 97 ra, E, Saj-agosaa, 48 N, N, W,
Barcelona, Lon. 1° 22' E. Lat. ,42° 2' N,
Soltou, t. Hanover, in the principality of Lune
burg, 29 m. N, N, W, ZeU, 29 W, S, W, Lune
burg, Lon, 9° 55' E, Lat 53° 4' N. Pop, 1,519,
Soltkott, t. Germany, famoua for ita aalt worka,
6 m, S. W, Paderbom, .
Solway Frith, large bay or arm of the aea be
tween Scotland and the N, W, part of tfae county
of Cumberland, The mouth is in lon, 3" 26' W.
Lat, 54° Sff N.
Sombemon, t. France, in Cote d'Or, 13 m, W.
.Dijon, Somers, t Tolland co, Ct 22 ra, N. E, Hartford,
12S,.E, Springfield, Pop, 1,210.
Somers, p-t Weatchester co. Ni Y. 50 m. N. E.
New- York. Pop. 1,782. It containa a pleasant
vfllage, which is the principal cattle market for

700

SOM

the city of New-York, Here is a priuting-oflioe,
from which a weekly paper is issued,
Somers, t Preble co, Ohio,
Somers Islands, See Bermudas,
Somersetshire, county, Eng. bounded N, by the
Bristol channel, and Gloucester co, E. by Wilt-
afaire, S. E. by Doraetsfaire, and S, and S, W, by
Devonshire, Pop, 303,180,
Somerset, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 40
m, S, by Quebec,
Somerset, co, Maine, on both sidea of the Penob
acot, bounded E, by Penobscot co, S, by Kenne
beck CO, and W, by Oxford co. Pop, 12,910,
Chieftown, Norridgewock,
Somerset, t Windham co, Vt 42 m, S, W.
Windsor, Fop, 199,
Somerset, p-t Bristol co, Masa, on Taunton riv
er, 13 m, S, Tannton,42 S, Boston, Pop, 1,199,
Somerset, co. N, J. on Raritan river, bounded N.
by Morris co, E, by Essex and Middlesex cos, S,
by Middlesex co, and W, by Hunterdon co. Pop,
14,728, Chieftown, Boundbrook,
Somerset, co, in the S, part of Pa, Pop, 11,284,
Somerset, p-t, borougfa, and cap. Somerset co.
Pa, 35 m, W, Bedford, 60 S, E, Pittaburg, Pop,
1,548. Somerset, t. Waahington co. Pa, Pop, 1,500,
Somerset, co, Md, bounded N. by Delaware, E,
by Worcester co. S, and W. by the watera of
Cheaapeake bay, and N, W, by Dorcfaester co.
Pop, 17,195, including 6,795 slavea, Chieftown,
Princeaa Ann,
Somerset, p-t, and cap, Putaaki co. Ken, 12 m,
S, S. E. Stanford,
Somerset, p-t, and cap. Perry co. Ohio, 18 m. S.
W. Zaneaville- It contains about 60 dwelling-
houses-, Somerset, t Belmont co, Ohio, Pop, iu 1819,
520. Somerset, t Jefferson co, Ohio.
Somersworth, t Strafford co, N, H, on the Pis-
•calaqua, 11 m. N, Portaraouth. Pop. 878,
Somerton, t. Eng, in Somersetshire, 13 ra, S,
WeUs, 123 W, London, Lon, 2° 4ff W, Lat 51°
3' N-
Somerville, p-v, Somerset co. N. J,
Somerville, p-v, Faquier co. Va,
Somerville, I, aud cap. Clarke co. Alabama.
Somevaire, t. France, in Upper Marne, 15 m. S,
St. Dizier.
Somina, t. Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger.
Lon, 4° 4ff W. Lat 13° 11' N,
Somma, t. Naples, 10 m, E. Naplea,
Sonima, t, Popedora, 4 ra. S. Spoleto.
Somme, r. France, which rises in Aisne, passes
by 81. Quentin, Bray, Araiena, and Abbeville,
and runs into the English channel, 5 m. W, N, W,
St. Valery,
Somme, departraent of France, bounded N. by
tfae Straits of Calais, E. by Aisne, S. by Oise,
and W. Lower Seine and the English channel.
Amiens is the capital.
Sommeary, t. Persia, in Mekran, at Uie mouth
of a river which runs into the Arabisin sca-
Sammerda, or Sommem, t. Ssixony, lira. N. N.
E, Erfurt, 12 N- W; Weiraar.
Sammerdyck, or Sommdsdyke, or Zomerdyck, t.
Netherlands, and chieftown of the island of Over-
flakee, 20 ra. W, S, W. Dort, 10 W, Willeraatat
Somerfdd, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
15 m. S. Crossen, 72 S. E. BerUn, Pop. 1,900.
Sommershausc'i, t Germany, on the Maine, 4

SON
m, S. Wurzburg, 41 W. S. W. Bamberg. Lod-
10" ff E. Lat 49° 4ff N.
Sommieres, t. France, iu Card, 12 m. S. W
Nismes, 15 N. E. Montpellier. Lon. 4° 1 I'E. Lat
43° 47' N.
Samarrostro, t. Spain, in Biscay, on a bay ofthe
Atlantic. Here is a famoua iron miue, which haa
all the appearance of being alluvial, placea that
had been worked centuries ago, being replete
with new ore. It is genersdly allowed that no
iron in Europe ia ao eaay to fuae, or ao soft as that
of Somorroatro. 13 m. N. W. Bilbao. Lon. 3° 7'
W. Lat 43° Iff N.
Soncino, t. Italy, on the Oglio, 8 m. E. N. E. Cre
ma, 20 N. Cremona. Pop. 3,876.
Sanderborg, seaport, Denmark, on the S. coast
of the island of Alsen, witfa a royal patace, and
one ofthe best harboura in Denmark, 16 m. E. N.
E. Flensborg. Lon. 9° 49' E. Lat 54° 57' N. Pop.
2,690. Sondershausen, t Germany, in the principaUty
of Swarzburg-Sondersfaausen, on the Wipper. (hi
aa eminence without the town stands the palace,
where the ruling prince of the Sonderhausen
line usuaUy resides. 20 m. N. E. Mulhausen, 26
N. Erfurt Lon, 10° 57' E, Lon. 61° 22' N, Pop,
3,100. Sondre Grund, or Bottomless, ist in the Psicific
ocean, about 20 leagues in circumference. Lon.
148° W, Lat 15° S,
Sondrio, or Sanders, t Italy, on a small river
whicfa runs into the Adda, 15 m. E, Chiavenna, 22
W, S, W, Bormio. Lon, 9° 60' E, Lat 46° 6'N,
Pop, 3,515,
Sonepaur, t. Hind, in Orissa, on the Mahanada,
38 m, S, Surabulpour, 30 W, Boad. Lon. 83° 40'
E. Lat 20° 47' N.
Song-Kiarig, city of Cfaina, of the firat rank, iU
Kiang-nan, near the sea, 560 m, S. Peking. Lon.
120° 44' E. Lat. 31° N.
Songia, isl. in the straits of Malacca. Lon. 100°
SffE. Lat 2° 18'N.
Sonho, or Songa, or Sogno, a province of Con
go, on tfae S, side of tfae Zayre, and on the W,
bounded by Ihe Atlantic, It is large and popu
loua, Tfae cfaief trade is in slaves and elephants'
teetfa. The inhabitants profeas themaelves chria
tiana ofthe church of Rome,
Sonho, t, Congo, and cap, of the above prov
ince, on a smaU river, about a mfle from the
Zayre, Lon. 13° SO' E, Lat 7" Sff S,
Sonneberg, t Auatria, 22 m, N, W, Vienna.
Lon, 16° 2' E, Lat, 48° 29' N,
Sonneburg, t. Prusaian Stales, on a smaU river
which runa into tfae Wsirta, 10 m. E. S, E, Cus-
frin, Lon, 14° 58' E. Lat 52° 37' N,
Sonnenburg, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nas
aau, 2 m. N, E, Wiabaden,
Sonnenburg, t Prussian States, in Branden
burg, on the Lenza, 7 m, E, Custrin, 18 N, N, E,
Frankfort on Uie Oder, Lon, 14° 6ff E, Lat 52°
37' N,
Sonnenstein, fortress, Ssaony, iu Meissen, near
Pima, Sonnciealde, t. Prusaian States, in Branden
burg, 10 m, S, Luckau, 48 S, Beriin. Lon, 13° Sff
E, Lat. 61° 4ff N. Pop. 700,
Sonora, an intendency of Mexico, on the E.
coastof the gulfof California, Area, 146,035sq,
miles. Pop, iu 1803, 121,400,
Sonthofen, or Sunthofen, t. Bavaria, in Upper
Danube, 56 m, S, Augaburg, 18 W, Fuessen, Pop,
S,400.

SOR

SOT

701

Sontra, t, Gerraany, in Hesae-Casael, on the
Wohra, 28 m, S, Caaael, 22 W, S. W, Mulfaauaen,
Lon, 9° 6ff E, Lat 51° ff N, Pop, 850.
Sonwary, t. Hind, in Gugerat, 21 m, S, Surat
Soaha, t, Africa, in Barabarra, ou the Niger,
Lon, 4" 52'W. Lat 13° Iff N,
Sooloo, one of tfae Pfailippine ialanda in tfae E,
Indisra sea, about 30 railea long, and 10 broad,
contsuning 60,000 infaabilsmts, wfao sire Msdays,
Tfae island produces a great variety of fruit, and
the teak tree ia found in great abundance. Many
Chineae live on the island, and carry on great
trside. At Sooloo, and raany neighbouring islands,
the pearl fishery has been csirried on for ages, and
is the principal source of their wealth, 'The do
miniona of Sooloo extend over theprincipal part
of tfae Eircfaipelsigo of islands between Borneo and
Mindanao, called tfae Sooloo Arcfaipelago, and
even on the N, coast of Borneo, Their religion is
Mahoraetan, The English East-India company
have au agent in thia istand, Lon, 119° E, Lat,
6°N, Soonam, or Sunnam, t. Hind, in Delfai, 136 m,
W. N, W, DeUii, Lon.75°31'E, Lat29°57'N,
Soonamooky, t Bengsd, 13 ra, N, Biasunpour,
Lon, 87° S3' E, Lat 23° Iff N.
Soonda, country, Hind, between Canara and
ConcEin, about 40 miles from N, to S, and SO frora
E, toW.
Soapour, t. Hind, in Oude, 46 m. N, N, E, Goor-
acpour, Lon, 84° 13' E, Lat 27° 20' N,
Soar, or Shoar, name given to tfae river Indus,
between Attock sind Moultsm,
Soorangur, t Hind, in Orissa, near the river
Mahanada, 200 m. E. Nagpour, 275 W. Calcutta.
Soorma, r. Asia, wfaich runa into the Burram-
pooter, near Sunerampour, in Bengal,
Sooroot, isl, in the E, Indian sea, Lou, 108" 36'
E, Lat, 2° 45' N,
Saorare, circar of Bengal, bounded on the N,
E, and S. by Cossimpour smd Dinagepour, and on
the W, by Rajemsd, Bydell is the chieftown,
Soory, t. Bengal, 7 m, E, Nagore, Lon, 87° 38'
E, Lat 23° Sff N.
Soosoohoonam, kingdom, Java, on the S. side of
the island, formerly extending to the N. coast. Jo-
lo ia tbe capital.
SaothiU, t Eng. in Yorkahire, 4 m.N. W. Wake
field. Sooi^, t Bengal, 27 ra, N. Moorahedabad. Lon.
88°]1'E. Lat 24° 25' N.
Sophia, or So^a, city, Eu. Turkey, and cap. of
Bul^irisi, the aee of a Greek archbishop. 280 m.
W. N. W. Constantinople, 164 W. N. W. Adrian
ople. Lon. 23° 14' E. Lat 42° 56' N. Pop.
46,000, Sophiai, t Ruaaia, 16 m. S. S, E, Petersburg.
Saphiasburg, t Prince Edward co. Upper Can
ada, on the bay of Quint.
Sophienberg, t Denmark, in the island of Zeal
and, 13 m. N, Copenhagen.
Soppau, t. Sfle.sia, 5 m. N. Jagemdorf.
Sora, t. Naplea, in Lavora, the see of a bisfaop,
31 m. N. N. W. Sezza, 60 N. W. Naplea. Lon.
13°3ffE. Lat 41° 47' N.
Sar, or Sohr, v, Bohemia, 6 m. S. W. Traute-
nau. Sorati, or Zyory, t. Silesia, 18 m. E. Ratibor, 21
N. Teschen. Lon, 18° 4ff E. Lat 50° 1' N. Pop.
3,500. Sorow, or Zarow, t. Prussian States, in Bran
denburg, 25 m. S. S. E. Guben, 8 W. Saefan. Lon,
16° Iff E. Lat. 51° 37' N. Pop. 3,500.

Sorboe, small isl. near the coast of Norway.
Lat 59° ff N,
Sorbon, or Sorbonne, v. France, iu Ardennes, 6
m, N, Rethel,
Sorcery's Island, small isl, off' the W , coast of Af
rica, near the mouth of the river Grande,
Sorde, or Sordes, t, France, in Landes, 9 m, E,
Bayonne, 4 S, Dax,
Sorel, seigniory, Richelieu and Surrey coun
ties. Lower Canada, at tfae confluence ofthe riv
er Sorel with the St. Lawrence, 40 m. N, E, Mou-
tresd. The town of Sorel, or Wflliam Henry, is
regularly laid out ; the streeta inleraect eacfa oth
er at rigfat anglea, leaving a central square of
more than 600 feet on each side. It contains about
150 dwelling-houses, and 1,500 inhabitants,
Sorel, Richelieu, or Chambly, r. Lower Cana
da, forraing the outlet of lake Charaplain. It
flows north, and joins tfae St, Lawrence at Sorel,
40 railes below Montreal, It ia reraarkable for
beihg narrower al ita raoutfa than at its source.
Al ita raoutfa it ia 250 yarda wide, which it pre-
aervea up to tfae basin of Cfaarably ; from Cham
bly to the iale du Portage it is 500 yards wide ;
beyond thia il apreada to double that width, and
continuea to widen atill more up to St, John's,
whence there is a ship navigation to the towns ou
lake Charaplain, From Lake Champlain to the
basin tfae current is atrong, and in sorae places
broken by rapids, and the ascent ia laborious.
From the basin to the St, Lawrence, tfae current
is regular and gentle. Numerous boata and rafts,
loaded with pot and pearl ashes, and flour, are
continusflly descending this river in summer,
Sorento, or Sorrento, seaport, Naplea, in Priii-
cipala Citra ; the see of an archbishop. It is on
a hiU, rising frora the sea-sfaore, between two
lofty mountains. It was anciently adorned witfa
several msignificent temples, araong whicfa were
tfaose of Juno, Diana, and Hercules, The situ
ation ofthe town ia delightful. It waa tfae native
place of the renowned Torquato Tasso, 15 m, S,
Naplea, Lon, 14° 24' E. Lat 40° 4ff N, Pop, 4,124.
Sorg'ue,r, France, wfaich runa into the Rhone
by several moutha, near Avignon,
Soria, t, Spain, in Old Castile, near the source
ofthe Duero, 116ra, N, N, E, Madrid, 70 W,
Saragossa, Lon. 2" 25' W, Lat 41° 47' N,
Sorae, t. Denraark, in tfae islsmd of Zesdsind, 8
m, W, Slagleae, 35 S, W, Copenfaagen, Lon, 11°
30' E, Lat 56" 27' N,
Soroe, smsdl isl, near the coast of Norway, Lat,
70° 30' N,
Sorsele, t. Swedish Lapland, 106 m, W, Pitea,
Lon, 17" 2ff E Lat, 65° 33' N.
Sort, aeaport, Africa, in Tripoli, on the gulf of
Sidra, Lon, 1 6" 55' E, Lat 30° 2ff N,
Sasnitza, t. Russia, 32 m, S, S, W, Novgorod
Sieverskoi, Lon. 32° 46' E. Lat 51" 30' N.
Sosnovskoi, t Russia, in Kolivan. Lon. 85° 44'
E. Lat56°5ffN.
Sospdla, t. Sardinian States, the see of a bish
op, 10 ra, N, E, Nice, 7 N, W, VintiraigUa, Pop,

Sosti, t. Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 10 m, S.
Squillace, Sosva, r. Russia, which runa into lake Pbelim,
in lon, 63° 54' E. lat. 59° Iff N.
Sossnizowitz, or Saszinkowitz, t. Sileaia, 35 m,
S, E, Oppeln, 17 N. E, Ratibor. Lon, 18° 28' E,
Lat 50° 14' N.
Sotdlo, t Spain, in Old Castile, 30 m. S, Bur-

702

SOU

sou

Sotlevilk, t, France, on the S, side of the Seine,
3ra- S. Rouen,
Souady, or Sahar, sraall ial, in the Arabian sea,
nearthe coast of Oraan. Lat 24° 14' N,
Saudah, desert, Africa, between Tripoli and
Fezzan. Soudan, See Negroland,
Sovel, amall ial. in the Chinese sea, near the
coaat of Tonquin. Lon, 105" 42' E. Lat, 11" 2' N,
Soulaines, t. France, in Aube, 27 ra, E, Troyes.
Soulange, seigniory, York co. Lower Canada,
on the N. side of tfae St. Lawrence, 28 ra. W.
Montreal. Soullz, t France, in Lower Rhine, 8 m. N. N.
E. Haguenau.
Soumenzao, t. France, in Lot-and-Garonne, 7
m, N. W, Lausun. Lon. 0° 27' E, Lat 44° 41' N,
Sound, or Oresaund, the strait, or narrow sea
between Denraark and Sweden, tfarough whicfa
vessela pass out of tfae Nortfa sea into the Baltic.
Soune, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the
coast of .Africa. Lat. 10" 57' N.
Sauprasse, t. France, in Landes, 6 m, S, E,
Tartaa, 10 S. VV. Montde Marsan.
Sour. See Hamsa Burg.
Sour, r, Gerraany, which runs into the Mo
selle, 3 m. above Trevea,
Souro, t, Portugal, in Eatremadura, on the
¦Soure, 7 m, S, S, E. Montemor o Velho.
Saurahaya, t, on the N, coast of Java, on a riv
er navigable up to the town for vessels of 100 tons
burthen. The Chinese forraerly carried on a
considerable trade here. Lat. 7" 11' S.
Souri, t. Persia, in Laristan, on the Persian
gulf, 38 ra. S. W. Ormus,
Sousel, t Portugsd, in Alentejo, 6 m, N, N, W,
Eatreraoz, Sou-tcheau, city, China, of tfae first rank, in
Kiang-nan, on a river which coramnnioates with
the lake Tai, Il is one of the most beautiful and
agreeable cities of the wfaole empire. The bro
cades and embroideries made here are in great
request throughout China. 662 ra, S, S. E. Pe
king, Lon. 120° E, Lat. 31° 22' N.
Souter, r. Missouri, which runs into the N. side
of Missouri river,
Southaker Ledge, reef of rooks near the S. coaat
of Labrador, Lon, 60° W. Lat. 50° 6' N,
Southam, t. Eng, in Warwick, 10 ra. E, War
wick, 83 N, W, London, Lon, 1° 22 W, Lat. 62°
IffN, South Amboy, t. Middlesex co. N, J. al the
mouth of Raritan river, oppoaite Amboy, Pop,
3,071. Southampton, seaport, Eng, in Hanta, at the un
ion of two rivers, which run into a bay of the
English channel, called Southampton Water.
The inhabitants carry on a considerable trade
with Portugal for wine and fruit, as likewise with
the islands of Guernsey and Jeraey, Here are
manufactures of silk and carpets. It sends two
members to the Britisfa parliament. Packets aail
regularly in time of peace, from Southampton to
•Cherburg, 25 ra, S, E, SaUsbury, 75 S, W, Lon
dou. Lon. r 24' W. Lat. 50° 54' N, Pop, 9,617,
Southampton Water, or Trissantan Boy, bay of
the English channel, on the coast of Hampshire,
Eng, Lon. 1° 7' W, Lat. 50° 4ff N.
Southampton, t. Rockingham co, N, H, 16 ra. S,
W, Porlfmoulh, Pop. 427.
Southampton, t. Hampahire co, Masa. 9 m, S, W,
Northampton, In thia town there is a lead miue.

the ore of which is ricfa, yielding from 50 to 60
per cent of pure metal. Pop, 1,171,
Sautharr^ton, p-t, Suffolk oo, on Long Island, N,
Y, 98 m, E, New York, It is divided into 4 parish^
es, Westhampton, Southampton, BridgehamptonJ
and Sag harbor, in each of which is a post office.
Pop. 3,899; in 18.20, -^318,
Southampton, t Cumberland co. Pa, Pop, 700.
Southampton, t. Franklin co. Pa, Pop. 1,060,
Sauthanvpton, t. Bedford co. Pa, Pop, 932,
Southampton, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop, 739,
Southampton, t. Somerset co. Pa, Pop, 455,
Southampton, co, in the S. E, part of Va, in
closed by N, Carolinsi, and the counties of Sussex,
Surry, Isle-of-Wigfat, Nanaeraond, and Greena-
ville. Pop, 13,497, including 6,406 alaves. Chief
town, Jerusalem.
South Bay, an arm of lake Champlaiu, which
extenda from the S, end of the lake in a S, W. di
rection. South Bay, bay on the S, coast of Long Island,
belween Hempstead and Southampton.
South Berwick. See Berwick, South.
Southborough, t. Worcester co. Mass, 18 m, E.
Worcester, 28 W, Boston. Pop, 926,
Sauthbridge, t. Worcester co. Mass,
South Brimfield, p-t Hampden co. Mass, 19 m.
E. Springfield, Pop. 645.
Southbury, p-t New-Haven co. Ct on the E.
aide of tfae Houaatonnuc, 40 m. S. W. Harifbrd.
Pop. 1,413. It conlsiins 3 cfaurches, 2 for Con-
gregationaUsls, and 1 for Methodists.
South Cape, cape on the S. extreraity of New
Holland. Lon. 146°5ffE. Lat 43" 42' S.
South East, p-t Putnara co. N. Y. 18 m. E.
West Point, Pop. 1,887.
South End, v. Eng. in Essex, 42 m. E. Lon
don. Southern States, the part of the United States
which lies on the Atiantic, S. of Potomac river :
viz. Virginia, North CaroUna, South Carolina,
Georgia, Florida, Alabaraa, Miaaissippi, and Lou
isiana. South-Esk, r. Scotiand, which runs into the
German sea a little below Monfrose. Lon. 2° 25'
W. Lat 56° 4ff N.
South Farms, p-v. Litchfield co. Ct.
Southfield, t Berkshire co. Mass. 26 m. S. E.
Lenox, Pop, 147. Ssmdisfield is now united
with it
Southfield, t. and cap. Richraond co. N. Y. on
the S. aide of Staten laland, 12 m. S. New York.
Pop. 1,007. In this town are the fortifications for
the defence of New York. It contains also the
village of Richmond, the capital ofthe county.
South Frankfort. See Frankfort, Kentucky.
South Gasconade, t. Franklin co. Missouri.
South-Hadley, p-t. Hampshire co. Mass, on the
E, bank of Connecticut river, 5 m. S. E, North
ampton, 12 N. Springfield, Pop. 902, The ob
sfructions to the navigation of the Connecticut at
this place, faave been surmounted by a wooden
dam across the river, 1,100 feet long, and 4i feet
high, and a canal 712 perches long, and 17 feet
wide at the bottom, witfa 6 locks near the lower
end, overcoming a fall of nearly 50 feel. About
one third of the whole length of tfae canal is cut
through a solid rock ten feet deep, srad near the
locks for a diatance of 300 feet, to the depUi of 40
feet. South Haven Point, promontory on the coast of
Dorsetshire, in the EngUsh channel, at the en
trance into Pool harbour.

sou
South Head, cape on the N, E, coast of New-
Holland, Lon, 108° 17' W. Lat, 24° 2' S,
South Hero, p-t Grand Isle co, Vt, on Grand
Isle in Lake Champlain, 12 m, N, W, Burlington,
Pop, 826,
South HUl, p-v, Muhlenburg co, Va,
Southi'ngtan, p-v. Hartford co, Ct, 18 m, S, W,
HarUbrd, 21 N, New-Haven, Pop, 1,807. It
contains 3 cfaurcfaea, 1 each for Congregational-
ista, Epiacopalians, and Baptiats.
SovAington, t TrumbuU co. Ohio, 9 m, N, W,
Warren. South Island, ial, in the Indian sea, near the E,
coast of Madagascar, Lon, 50° 20' E, Lat 17° S,
Sou//t Island, isl. in the strait of Saleyer, near
the S, coast of the island of Celebes, Lon, 120" 51'
E, Lat 5° 45' S,
South Island, ial. in the E. Indian seE^ near the
S, W, coast of tfae island of Boutton, Lon, 122"
Sff E, Lat, 5° 42" S.
South Island, isl. in tfae Pacific ocean, Lon, 141°
2ff E. Lat. 24° 22' N,
South Kingston, p-t and cap. Wasfaington co.
R. 1. on the sea-coast, at the entrance of Narra
ganset bay, 30 m. S, W, Providence. Pop. 3,560.
In this town is the village of Little Rest,
Southminster, t Eng. in Essex, 11 ra. S.E. Mal
don. Southmolton, t, Eng. in Devonshire, on the river
Mole, whicfa runs into the Tau, 1 1 m. E, Barnsta
ble, 186 W, London, Lon, 4° W, Lat. 51° ff N,
South Mountain. See Blue Ridge.
Southold,t. Middleaex co. Upper Canada, on
lake Erie.
Southold, p-t Suflblk co. on Long-laland, N, Y,
100 m. E. New York, II includea the islands,
Plumb, Great and LitUe Gull, Fisher's, Rom,
and Robbin'a. It is divided into three parishes,
Culchoque, Southold, and Oyster Ponds. Pop.
2,613 ; iu 1820, 2,954.
South Point, cape al the S. extreraity of Bar
badoes. Lon. 56° 23' W. Lat 13° N.
South Quay, p-v. and port of entry, Nansemond
CO. Va. Amount of shippingin 1816, 90 tons.
South River, r. Md. whicfa runs into Cfaesa
peake bay 6 ra. S, Annapolis.
South Salem, p-t. Westchester co, N, Y, 50 ra,
N, by E. New York, Pop, 1,566,
South-Sea Castle, fortreaa, Eng. in Hants, about
a mile from Portsmouth.
South West Cape, cape on the S. coast of New
HoUand. Lon. 146" T E. Lat 43" 37' S,
South West Point. See Kingston, Tennesaee.
Southwark, or the Borough of Southwark, Eng,
in Surry, on the right side of the Tharaes, oppo
site the city of London, to which it may be con
sidered as a suburb. It contains 4 parishes, and
was governed by ila own bailiffs till the year 1327,
There are aeveral prisons in Southwark, and two
hospitals; that of St. Thoraas and Guy's, Ship
building ia carried on here to a great extent, and
there are a vast number of iron founderies, glaaa-
houaes, &c. in the vicinity. It aenda two mem
bera to parliament Pop. in 1801, 67,448,
Southwell, t. Eng. in Notti'ngham co. 12 m. N.
E. Nottingham, 135 N. London. Lon, 0" 5ff W,
Lat. 58" 5' N. Pop. 2,674.
Saulhwkk, p-t Hampden co. Maas. 9 m. S. W,
Springfield, Pop, 1,229,
Southwold, aeaport, Eng. in Suflblk, on a point
of land at the raouth ol the river Blythe, in a bay
of the German ocean. It ia fortified with two
batteries. The bay, vulgarly called Solebay, is

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remsurkable for the famoua fight in the year 1666,
between the Engliah fleet of 114 men of war and
frigatea, and the Dutch fleet of 103 men of war,
in which the latter were defeated, 35 ra, N, E,
Ipswich, 104 N, E, London, Lon, 1° 39' E, Lat,
52°2ffN, Pop. 1,054,
Southwold, t. iVliddlesex co. Upper Canada, on
lake Erie,
SoMJ, r. Eng. which runs into the Trent, 3 m, E,
Stafl'ord, Saw, r. Eng, which runa inio the Avon, 4 ra, N.
Warwick, Sow ond Pigs, rocks in the Gerraan sea, nesu-
the E. coast of England, 3 ra, E, N, E, Blythe,
Lon, 1°12' W. Lat 55° ffN.
Sowerby, t, Eng, in Yorkshire, 2 ra, S, W, Hali
fax, Sowhegan, r. N, H, whicfa joina the Merriraack,
in the town of Merrimack,
Soyland, t, Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m, S, S, W . Hal
ifax, Soyolla, isl. in the Red aea, Lon, 59° SffE, Lat,
14° 2' N,
Soz, r. Russia, wfaich runa into the Dnieper, 16
ra. S. BUitzi.
Spa, I. Netfaerlanda, in Liege, on a amall river
wfaicfa runs into the Ourte, and is celebrated for
its mineral waters. During the water-drinking
season, tfae town is furnished like a fair with a
variety of toya, &c. There are beautiful and
healthful rides on every aide, with great variety
of pleasant and roraantic walka. For evening di-
versiona tfaere are public rooraa for assemblies ev
ery night, and balls two or three times a week.
16 m. S. E. Liege, 21 E. Huy. Lon. 6" 50' E. Lat
50°S1'N. Pop. 2,106.
Spafford, t. Onondago co, N, Y, on Skeneateles
lake, 13 m. S. Onondaga,
Spain, a country, Europe, bounded N, by the
Atlantic ocean, E, by France, from wfaich it is
separated by the Pyrenees ; S, E, and S, by the
Mediterranean, the straits of Gibraltar, and the
Atlantic ; and W, by Portugal and the Atlantic.
Us greatest extent from N. to S. ia 460 miles ;
frora E, to W. in the northern part, about 520. It
ia at preaent divided into fourteen provincea, Na
varre, Biacay, and Aaturias to tfae N, ; lo the W.
are Galicia and Estremadura ; lo the S, Upper
and Lower Andalusia ; lo the E. Valencia, Ara
gon, and Catalonia ; and in the middle, Leon and
Old and New CastUe, Area, 148,000 aq. miles.
Pop, 10,400,000. The soil in raany parta ia fer
tile, especially in the provincea on the Mediter
ranean, and producea the oUve, the vine, figs,
lemona, aud various kinds of grsiin in abundance.
The northern and central provinces contain mil
lions of merino sheep. The principal manufac
ture is silk. The exports are silk, wool, wine,
figs, raiains, lemons, &c. The imports are gold
and silver frora Mexico and Peru, hardware from
England, aud fish frora Newfoundland. The gov
ernment till recently waa an absolute raonarchy.
The king is now Umited by tfae cortes, or states
of tfae kingdom. The navy in 1808, consisted of
218 sail, of which 42 were of the Une,
The Spaniards are bigoted Catholics, The iu-
quiailion was in full force for three centuries, but
has recently been abolished. In 1 764, the num
ber of cathedrals was 108; monasteries 2,052,
containing 67,777 raonka; nunneries 1,028, con
taining 34,651 nuns ; colleges 312 ; hospitals
2,008, By a decree of the govemraent in 1820,
faowever, all the monasteries of the order of frisu-s.

»04

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and of canonical congregations,* laU the convents
and colleges of the military orders, and hospital
lers of whatever clasa, were auppreaaed, smd tfaeir
revenuea appropriated to tfae aupport of the pub
lic credit,
Spaitla, (an, Sufdela,) t. Africa, in Tunia, one
of the raoat remarkable placea in Barbar)^, for
the extent and magnificence of ita ruins, 110 ra,
S, W, Tunis, 120 S, S, E, Bona, Lon, 9° Iff E,
Lat 35° IffN,
Spalatro, seaport, Dalmatia, on a peninsula;
the aee of an arcfabishop. The harbor is large
and deep, and well frequented by foreign vessels,
Lon, 16° 45' E. Lat 43° 22' N,
Spalding, t England, in Lincolnshire, on the
Welland, which is navigable for vessela of 50 or
60 tona to fhe town ; 23 m. E, Lynn, 100 N, Lon
don, Lon, 0° r W, Lat 62° 47' N,
Spalmadari, araall ial, in tfae Grecian archipe
tago, between the istand of Scio and the continent
of Asia. Lon. 26° 7' E. Lat. 38° 36' N,
SpaU, t Gerraany, 16 ra, E. S, E, Anspach,
Lon, 10° 62' E, Lat. 49" 7' N.
Spandau, t Prussian slates, in Brandenburg, on
the Havel, at its union with the Spree, In 1806,
it was taken by the French, 11 m, N, E, Pots
dam, 8 W, Beriin, Lon. 13° 1 1' E. Lat. 52° Sff N.
Pop. 6,000.
Spongenberg, t. Hesae-Casael, 17 m. S. E. Cas
sel, 17 E. Fitzlar. Lon. 9" 36' E. Lat 51" 8' N.
Pop. 1,200.
Spanish Bay, bay on the N. coast of the island
pf Cape Breton. Lon. 60" IffW. Lat 46" IffN.
Spanish graves, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va.
Spanish Main, that part of the Atiantic ocean,
which washes the N. psirt of South America,
frora the Leeward islands to the isthraus of Da
rien. Tfae term ia also applied to tfae cosiat
Spanish Point, cape on the N. E. coast of the
island of St. Vincent Lon. 61° 12' W. Lat 13°
24' N.
Spanish Tovm, or St. Jago de lo Vega, seaport
of Jamaica, capital of the islsind, on the river Co
bre, 6 m. from tfae sea, Lon, 76° 44' W, Lat, 18"
1'N, Pop, 6,000,
Spark's island, amall ial, in the bay of Hondu
ras, al the raouth of the river Roraan, Lon, 86°
6' W, Lat 15° 54' N,
Sjoarta, p-t, Ontario co, N, Y, 25 m. S, W. Ca
nandaigua, Pop, 1,397,
Sparta, p-t, Suaaex co, N, J,
Sparta, p-t, and cap. Hancock co, Geo, 25 ra, N.
E, MflledgeviUe, 64 S, W, Augusta. Pop. 314.
It contains a court-house and jail, a Metfaodiat
church, and 2 academics.
Sparta, p-t, and cap. White co. West Tennessee.
Spartanburg, district, S, C, Pop, 14,259, in
cluding 2,391 alaves,
Spartanburg, p-t, and cap. Spartaubui-g ilis-
trict, S, C, 35 m, N. E, Greenville.
Spartttvento Cape, Italy, at the S. E. extremitv
of Calabria Ultra, Lon, 16" 4ff E, Lat 37° 57 ' N.
Spartel, Cape, (an, Ampelusia,) Africa, the P.
rape at the entrance of the straits of Gibraltar,
Lon, 6" 57' W, Lat, 35° 46' N.
Spask, t. Rusaia, in Kazan, on tfae Volga, 40 in,
S. Kazan, Lon, 49° If E, Lat 55" .f^,
Spask, t, Russia, in Tambov, 92 m, N, N, E.
Tambov. Lon, 42" 58' E, Lat. 54° 2' N.
Spask, t. Russia, in Riazan, on Uie Oka, 32 m.
E, S. E, Riaz-an, Lon, 39" 50' E, Lat, 54° 32' N,
Spaskoi, t. Rii.«sia. in KoUvan. Lon. 86° 14' E,
Lat 55° Sff. >r-

Spean, r, Scotland, which forma a communica
tion between Loch Lsiggan and Loch Lochy,
Specia, ial, in tfae Grecian archipelago, at the
entrance of the gulf of Napoli, Lon, 23° 23' E .
Lat 37° Iff N,
Speckfdd, t Germany, 26 m, S. W, Bamberg,
18 E- Wurzburg.
Speckhaven, harbor on the W. coast of West
Greenland. Lon, 49° 4ff W. Lat 64° N,
Speedsville, p-t Tioga co, N, Y.
Speedwdl milk, p-v, Barnwell diatrict, S, C.
Speiclier, v. Switzertand, iu Appenzell, 8 m, N,
W, Appenzell,
Speigktown, v. in Schaghticoke, N, Y,
Speight's Town, seaport, Barbadoes, on the W,
coaat, near the N, part of the island, formerly
much frequented; but most ofthe trade ia now
removed to Bridge Town, Lon. 58° 31' W. Lat
13° 15' N. Pop. 5,000.
Spelk, t Popedom, anciently Hispdhtm, and
Colonia Julia Hispdla, 10 m. S. W. Nocera.
Spencer, p-t Worcester co. Maaa. 12 m W. Wor
ceater, SI W, Boston, Pop, 1,453.
Spencer, p-t. and cap. Tioga co. N. Y. 50 m. S.
E. Bath, 45 W. Cfaenango, 190 W. by S. Albany.
Pop. 3,128.
Spencer, co. Indisrasu
Spencer, t. Pike co. Missouri.
Spencertoum, p-t, Colurabia co. N. Y,
Spene, or Speenhom Land, t England, iu Berk-
shfre, a suburb of Newbury, lo which il ia joined.
Spey, r. Scotland, whicfa rises in tbe loch of that
narae, and runa into the North aeE^ in the frith of
Murray, 3 ra, N, W, Fochabers, in lon. 2° Sff W,
lat 57° 40' N,
Speyrmmth, t Scotiand, in Murray, on the left
bank of the Spey, 3 m. from the fritfa of Murray,
8 E, Elgin.
Spezza, or Spetia, seaport, SEirdinian states, on
a gull of tfae Mediterranean, to which it gives
name, 35 m. S, E, Genoa, 35 N. N, W. Pisa. Lon,
9° 40' E. Lat. 44" ff N. Pop. 4,000.
Spicheraeg, smaU isl. in the German sea, near
tiie coast of Friesland. Lon. 7° 32' E. Lat 53°
43' S,
Spiegdberg, t Hanover, 21 m. S, W. Hanover,
10 E, HameUi,
Spielberg, t, Germany, 13 ra, S, S. E. Ansp-ach,
Lon, 10° Iff E, Lat 49° ff N.
Spietz, t. Switz, in Berne, 25 m, S, S, E. Berne,
27 S, E. Fribui^. Lon. 7° S3' E. Lat 46° 41' N.
Spilsby, t. England, in Lincoln, 17 m. N, Bos
ton, 132 N. London, Lon, 0° ff E. Lat 53° Iff N,
Spinalonga, seaport, of Candia, with a good
hnibor, 30 m, E. Candia. Lon. 25° 42' E. Lat
35° Iff N,
Spire, city, Bulgarian circle of the Rhine, on the
Spirebach, whicfa runs into the Rhine, about 500
laces below. It contains a cathedral, 3 collegiate
churches, and several conventa, beaides two Lu-
Uieran churches. 12 ra. S- W. Heidelberg, 50 N.
N. E. Sfrasburg. Lon. 8° 30' E, Lat, 49° Iff ^.
l"op, 6,000.
Spiritu Santo, or Espiritu Santo, aeaport of
Brazil, in the government of Rio Janeiro, on the
S. side of a large bay, about 3 leagues from the
ocean, Lat. 20° 8' S,
Spiritu Santo, r. Mexico, wfaicfa runa into the
Pacific ocean, in lon, 106° 4ff W, lat 23" N,
Spiritu Sanlo Bay, called also Tampay Bay, and
Hillsborough Bay, a large bay on the W, coast of
Florida. Lon, 82" 45' W. Lat 28° N.
&pirilu Sa7ito Islands, or Aiidros, islands to the

S P R

S t* R

70.5

S, W, of the Bahamaa ; the largeat about 40 miles
long and 8 broad, Lon. 77° to 78" 15' W, Lat,
24" to 25° 12' N.
Spithead, a road for the navy of England, be
tween Portsmouth and the isle of Wight,
Spitsbergen, or East Greenland, isl, in the Fro
zen sea. The aun never sels for three months,
June, July, and August ; for the rest of tfae year
it is hardly seen, Ugfat being chiefly produced by
the Aurora Borealis. On the coasts are found
whales, sea-dogs, aea-cows, and sea-lions, with
otfaer marine and amphibious animals. It is unin
habited, but the coasts are frequented for the pur
pose of catching whales. Lon. 6° to 16° E, Lat
76° Sff to 79" 40' N,
Splitrock, p-v, Essex co, N. Y, See Essex, N, Y,
Spoleto, city of the Popedom, and capital of
Umbria, or tfae duchy of Spoleto, tfae see of a bish
op, and contains 22 churches, 21 convents, and 17
hermitages. Here are several ruins, the chief of
which are a triumphal arch, an aqueduct, and sm
amphitheatre- 90 m, S, Florence, 53 N. Rome,
Lon. 12° 48' E, Lat 42° 4ff N, Pop, 7,000.
Spoleto, Duchy of, a province of the Popedom,
bounded N, by the Perugiano and the duchy of
Urbino, E, by the marquisate of Ancona, S, by
Abruzzo UUra and the Sabina, and W, by the Or-
rietan and Patrimonio, It was ancientiy called
U'mbria. Spanheim, t, Germany, 27 m, W. Mentz, 46 E,
Treves, Lon, 7° 40' E, Lat 49° 54' N,
Spanheim, or Spanheim, formerly a county of
Germaiiy, between the Rhine and the Moselle,
Theprincipal towns were Cruetznsich, Sponheira,
and "Traarbach,
Spoon, r. Illinois, which runs into tfae Illinois
from the N, W. ISO miles above ita mouth. It is
navigable for sraall crsift ISO rafles.
Sparling's Island, amall ial, near the coast of
New Zealand, N, E, of Gable End Forcl-and.
Sporlivoi, Nos, cape, Ruasia, on the S. coaat of
Nova Zerabla. Lon. 60° 34' E. Lat, 70" 30' N.
Spotico, ial, in tfae Grecian arcfaipelago, 6 m.
W. S, W. Paroa, Lon. 25° 12' E, Lat 36° 59' N,
Spotland, t England, in Lsracasfaire, 1 ra. N,
Rochdale. Spotswaod, V. Middlesex co. N. J. near the W.
side of South river, wfaicfa runs into tfae Raritan.
It is weU aituated for manufacturea, and contains
a powder-mill and 2 snuff'-miUs. 9 ra. S. E. Bruns
wick, 10 W. by S. Middletown point
Spotsylvania, co. Vsi. inclosed by the Rappa
hannock, and the counties of Caroline, Hanover,
Louisa, and Orange. Pop. 13,296, including
'i',135 slaves. At the court-house ia a poat-office.
Spotted Island, isl, off the coaat of Labrador,
Lon, 55° 2ff W, Lat, 53° 30' N,
Spotted tavern, p-v. Stafford co, Va.
Spread Eagle, p-v. Delaware co. Pa,
Spree^pr Sprehe, r. which riaes on tfae frontiers of
Bohemia, and after passing by BerUn, joins the
Havel at Spandau,
Spremberg, or Sprehemberg, or Grodk, t. Pruaaian
stales, in Brandenburg, on the Spree, 29 ra. S. S,
W, Guben, 42 N, N. E, Dresden. Lon. 14°2ff E,
Lat. 51° 32" N, Pop, 2, 100.
Spremant, t Netherlands, in Liege, 13 m. S. E.
Liege, 5 N. W. Spa.
Sprigg, t Adams co. Ohio. Pop. 1,664.
^ring, t. Centre co. Pa. Pop, 1,550.
Spring, r. Missouri, wfaich runs into the west
side of tfae Big Black, a brancfa of White river.
Springcreek, r. Vigo co, lUinoia, which runainto
89

the E. side of the Wabash, above Fort Harrison,
Springe, or Hallerspringe, t. Hanover, in Ca
lenberg,' 12 m. E. Haraeln. Pop. 1,300.
Springfield, t. Kings co. New Brunswick, on
Belleisle bay.
Springfield, t. Chesfaire co. N. H. 29 m. N. W.
Concord. Pop. 814.
Springfield, p-t Windsor co. Vt. on Connecti
cut river, 13 m. below Windsor. Pop. 2,556.
Springfield, p-t and cap. Hampden co. Maas^
on tfae E. aide of Connecticut river, 18 ra. S.
Northampton, 24 N. Hartford, 47 W. S. W. Wor
ceater, 87 W. Boaton. Pop. in 1820, 3,970. R is
a beautiful and flouriahing town, and contains a
court-house, jail, bank, tfae principal arraory of
the United States, and 2 Congregational church
es, with raany spacious and elegant private hous
es. A flourishing inland trade is carried on, and
here are several raanufacturing establiahraeuts,
among wfaich are an extensive manufactory
of paper of a very superior quaUty, and a large
establishment for the manufacture of hoUowware.
There is a bridge over the Connecticut, at tfais
place, 1,234 feet long, and SO feet broad. It weis
partly carried away in 181 8, by a freshet, but haa
since been rebuilt.
The situation of tfae arraory is rerasirkably
pleasant and healtfay, being a perfectly level
elevated plat, aituated about half a raile east
of the village. The buildings are arranged on
a large square, and consist of one brick edifice
204 feet by 32, 2 storiea high, occupied by lock
filers, stockers, and finishera ; a brick forging ahop,
150 feet by 32; a brick building 60 feet by 32,
2 atoriea high, the aecond story forraing a large
and spacious hall devoted lo religious worsfaip ; a
brick building 100 feet by 40, smd 2 atoriea high,
used as a depository of arraa ; and nuraerous
amaller stores and shops, for the accommodation
of tfae establiafament
The water works are situated on Mill river,
about 1 mile south of the arsenal, iu 3 difl'erent
sites, caUed the Upper, Middle, and Lower Water
sfaops, the whole comprising 5 workshops, 28 for
ges, 10 trip-hamraers, 18 water-wheels, 9 coal-
houses, 3 stores, and 5 dwelling-houses, and ex
hibiting the greateat asaemblage of railla, and
other water- works, to be found in the Stale.
In this establishment are eraployed frora 240 to
250 workmen, who complete, on an average,
about 45 muskets daily, and the number raay be
increased lo almost any extent The water priv
ileges already owned by the United States will
warrant the extension to 30,000 stands annually.
Frora 1795 to Deceraber 1817, there had been
corapleted in this manufactory, 128,559 new mus
kets, and 1,202 new carbinea, and 45,790 muakets
had been repaired. The whole expenditure du
ring tfae aarae period, including the firat coat of
tfae establishraent, was $1,820,120.
Springfield, p-t. Otaego co. N. Y. 12 m. N. Cpop-
eralown, 68 W. Albany. Pop. 1,846. It contains
3 churchea, 1 each for Preabyterians, Congrega
tionalists, and Baptists.
Springfield, t. Burlington co. N. J. 10 m. from
Burlington, 18 from Trenton. Pop. 1,500. It
contains 3 meeting-houses for Quakers, and an
acaderay. Springfield, p-t. Essex co. N. J. 15 m, S, W,
New York, Pop, 2,360.
Springfield, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop, 1,287,
Springfield, t. Delaware co. Pa, Fop, 641,
Springfield, t, Huntingdon co. Pa, Pop, 751,

706

SQU,

Springfield, t, Mercer co. Pa. Pop. 813.
Springfield, t Montgomery co. Pa. N. of Ger
manlown, Pop. 550.
Springfield, p-v. Harapshire co. Va. on the S.
branch of the Potoraac, 10 ra, N. E, Romney, 60
W, N, W, Winchester,
Springfield, p-v. Loudon co, Va,
Springfield, t, and cap, Effinghara co, Geo,
Springfield, t St, Helena parish, Louisiana, SO
m,N,W, MadiaonviUe,
Springfield, p-t, and cap, Robeson co, Weat
Tennessee, on Sulphur fork, 26 ra, N, NashviUe,
Pop, 200.
Springfield, p-t Wasfaington co. Ken. 30 m. N,
VV. DanviUe. Pop, 249, Here is a bank. Two
miles from Springfield, ia a college under the di
rection of the Catholics, The coUege building
is of brick, 2 stories high,
Springfield, p-t, and cap, Clark-co, Ohio, 13 m,
S. Urbanna, Pop, in 1819, 1,695,
Springfield, I. Columbiana co. Ohio.
Springfield, t. GaUia oo. Ohio, 7 m. N. W. Gal
UpoUs. Pop. in 1815, 300.
Springfield, p-t. Hamilton co. Ohio, 15 ra. N.
Cincinnati. Springfield, t. Jefferson co. Ohio, 18 m. W.
SteubenviUe. Springfield, t. Montgomery co. Ohio.
Springfield, p-t Portage co. Ohio, 15 m. S. W.
Ravenna. Pop. in 181 5, 400.
Springfield. See Putnam, Ohio.
Springfield, t. Richland co. Ofaio.
Springfield, t. Ross co. Ofaio, on the Scioto, op
poaite ChilUcothe. Pop. in 1819, 1,353.
SpringhiU, t. Fayette co. Pa. on the E, aide of
the Monongahela, 16 m, S. W, Union. Pop.
1,837. SpringhiU, p-v. Fauquier co. Vsu
SpringhiU, p-v. Louiaa co. Va.
SpringhiU, t. CIsu-ke co. Indiana. Pop. 1,114.
Springplace, Moravian aettieraent araong the
Cherokees, 35 m. S. E. Brainerd, 129 N. W. Ath
ens, Geo.
Springtown, p-t Bucks co. Pa.
Springville, p-v. Susquehannah co. Pa.
Springvilk, t Clarke co, Indiana, Pop. 1,222,
Springwater, t Ontario co, N. Y.
Sprae, small isl. Denmark, in the Great Bell, 8
m. N, W, Corsoer. Lon. 10° 59' E. Lat. 55° 22' N.
Sprottou, t. Silesia, on a river of the sarae narae,
at its conflux witfa the Bober, 21 m. W. S. W, Glo
gau, 9 E. S. E. Sagan. Lon, 16° 32' E. Lat 61°
32' N. Pop, 2,600.
Spry Harbor, bayon the S.E. coast of Nova
Scotia. Lon. 62° 40' W, Lat 44° 42' N,
Spurn Head, cape, England, at the S, E, ex
tremity of Yorkahire, at the mouth of the Hum
ber, on whicfa is a ligfal-houae. Lon, 0" 18' E,
Lat, 53° Sff N,
Squam Harbor, harbor of Masa, N. E, of Cape
Ann, Lon, 70° 36' W, Lat, 42° 4ff N, See
Gloucester. Squam lake, N, H about 6 milea long and 5
wide, which discharges ita watera through Squam
river, into Pemigewaaset river.
Square Handkerchief, cluster of islets and rocks
in the Atlantic, Lon, 69" W, Lat 21" N,
Square Island, isl, near the coaat of Labrador,
Lon, 56" 32' W, Lat, 62" 54' N,
Squillace, aeaport, Naples, in Calabria Ultra,
near a gulf of the Mediterranean, to which it
gives name ; the see of a bishop ; 33 m, S, S, E,

STA
Cosenza, 49 S, Rossano, Lon, 16° 44' E, Lat 38°
48' N, Pop, 2,000,
Srednei, isl, in the Frozen ocean, Lou, between
154° and 155° E, Lat, 72° 6ff N,
Staaten Land. See New Zealand.
StOatsburg, p-v. Ducfaess co, N, Y, 10 m, N,
Poughkeepsie, Stoblo, or Stovela, t. Netherlanda, on the river
Rechte, with conaiderable trade in cloth and
stuffs, and particularly in tanning leather, 20 m.
S, Aix la Chapelle, 7 E, S, E, Spa, Pop, 2,741,
Stackpak Head, cape on the S, coast of Wales,
Lon. 4" 57' W, Lat 61° 42' N,
Stacks of Burgh, rocka near the E, coaat of
Scotland, 1 ra. W, Duncanaby Head. Lon. 2° 57'
W, Lat58°2ffN,
Stacks of Duncansby, rocks in the North aea,
near the E, coaat of Scotiand, Lon, 2° 57' W,
Lat 68° 36' N.
Stade, t. of the duchy of Bremen, with a sfrong
fort, on a small river, about a mile from the Elbe,
formerly the capital of a county, and residence of
the counts, 34 ra. W. Haraburg, 42 N, N. E, Bre
men. Lon. 9° 21' E. Lat 53° 42' N. Pop. 6,200.
Staden, r. Germany, wfaicfa runa into the Nidda,
10 m. N. Francforl on the Main.
Staden, t. Germany, 20 m. N. E. Francfort on
Uie Main, 14 ra. N. Hanau.
Stadt Laen, t. Prussian states, in WestpfaaUa, 23
m. W. Munster, Lon, 6° 54' E, Lat 52" ff N,
Stadt-am-Hof, t Bavaria, in Regen, outhe
Danube, opposite Ratisbon, to which it is joined
by a bridge. Pop. 1,643.
Stadlberg, or Marsberg, t Prussian states, in
WestphaUa, on tfae Dimel, 8 m, E, N. E, Bribn,
20 S, Paderborn, Pop. 2,300,
Stadthogen, t Germany, in the principaUty of
Schauenburg-Lippe, It contains a palace of flie
prince of Schauenburg-Lippe, 8 m, E, Minden.
Lon, 9" 20' E. Lat 62° Iff N, Pop, 1,550.
Stadtland, small isl. near the coast of Norway.
Lon. 5° 5ff E. Lat 62° W N.
Stadt Steinach, t Bavarisi, in Lower Maine, 7
m. N. E. Culmbach. Pop. 1,123.
Stoebroeck. See Georgdown, Guisma.
Stafarda, t. and abbey. Piedmont, 3 m. N. Sa
luzzo. Staffa, one of the smaller Hebrides, or Weatern
islands of Scotland, celebrated for ita stupendous
basaltic colurans, 6 ra. W. MuU. Lon. 6° 19' W.
Lat. 56° 27' N.
Staffdslein, t Bavaria; in Lower Main, on the
Lauter, 16 m. N. N. E, Bamberg, 4 S. W, Lich
tenfels, Lon, 1 1° ff E. Lat 50° ff N. Pop, 1,218,
Staffora, r. ItEdy, wfaicfa runa into the Po, 8 m.
W. S. W. Pavia.
Stafford, t. England, in Staflbrdahire. It ia Uie
county town, and containa 2 churches, and a
county infirmary. It is on the river Sow, near a
navigable canal, whicfa extenda througfa several
counties. II aenda two members to parUament 17
ra. N. E. Litcfafield, 135 N. W. London. Lon. 2°
8' W. Lat 52° 4ff N. Pop, 4,898,
Staffordshire, county, England, bounded N, E,
by Derbyahire, E, by Leiceatershire, S. E, by
Warwicfohire, S, by Worcestersfaire, W, by
Shropshire, and N, W, by Cheahire, The mines
of Staffordahire are rich and extenaive : thoae of
coal are suppoaed lo occupy a space of 50,000
acrea ; iron ore also is found in large qusratities.
Pop, 295,158,
Stafford, p-t. Orange co. Vt
Sti^ord, p-t Tolland co. Conn, 26 m, N. E.

STA
Hartford, 74 W. S. W. Boston. Pop. 2,355. R
has 5 religious societies, 2 of Congregationaliats,
1 of Baptists, I of Metfaodists, and 1 of Univer
salists. The town is celebrated for its iron manu
facturea. Here are 2 furnaces, each of which
yields annually about 100 tons of hollow ware
and other castings. Tfaere are also 2 cotton fac
tories, and a manufactory of clocks. Tfae mine
ral springs in this place are found useful in the
dropsy, gout, "rheumatism, piles, ulcers, scorbu
tic, scrofulous, and cancerous complaints. The
accoramodations for visitors are convenient and
extensive, aud it is estiraated that from 600 to 900
persons annually resort hither.
Stafford, t. Monraouth co. N. J. Pop. 1,239.
Stafford, co, Vsu bounded N, by Prince William
CO. E. by the Potomac and Prince George co. S,
by the Rappafaannock, aud W, by Culpeper and
Faquier countiea. Pop. 9,830, including 4,195
slaves. Chief town, Falraouth, Al the court-
houae is a post-otfice,
Staffurth, t Gerraany, 21 m, S, S, W, Magde
burg, Stags, rocks on the S. cosist of Ireland, at the
entrance into Cork harbor, Lon. 8° 15' W, Lat
51° 48' N,
Stagno, aeaport on the Adriatic, 30 m, N, W.
Ragusa, Lon, 17° Sff E. Lat 43° SO'N.
Stogvilk, p-v. Orange co. N. C.
Stain, t. Lower Austria, on the Danube. It lies
near Creras, and is governed by the aarae raagis-
trates. 34 m. E. S, E, Weiti-a, 32 W, N, W. Vi
enna, Pop, including Crems, 3,563.
Staindrap, t. England, in Durham, 12 ra, N, W,
Darlington, 243 N, Loudon. Lon, 1° 51' W, Lat,
54° 41' N,
Stainland, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 ra. S, Hal
ifax. Stolbridge, t. England, in Dorset, 10 m, E,
Sherborn, 111 W, S, W. London, Lon. 2" 31' W,
Lat 50" SffN.
Stalimene. See Lemnos.
StaUuponen, or Stollupdwnen, t, Prussian states,
33 m, S, E, Tilsit, 80 E, Konigsberg, Lon, 22"
Sff E, Lat. 64° 33' N.
Stdkwits, t. Russia, in Minsk, 10 m, frora Pinsk,
Stamford, t. England, in Lincoln co. on the
Welland, which is navigable for barges. Here
subsists the custora of Borougfa EngUah, by whicfa
tfae younger sons inherit the lands and tenements
of the father dying intestate. Il aends two raera
bers to parliament. Pop. 4,022. 40 ra. S. Lin
coln, 96 N. London. Lon, 1° 27' W, Lat, 52°
4ff N.
Stanford, t. Bennington co, Vt 9 m, S, E, Ben
nington. Pop, 378,
Stamford, p-t Fairfield co, Ct, on Long Island
sound, 42 m. S, W, New Haven, 43 N, E, New
York, Pop. 4,440, It has a faarbor with 8 feet
water, and owns aome shipping. It containa 1
churches. The viUage of Stamford ia pleaaantiy
situated on Mill river, and conlEiins about 60
houses, aorae of which are large and elegant,
Stamford, p-t Delaware co, N, Y, 15 m, E, Del
hi, 50 W, CatskiU, Pop. 1,658. It contains 2
churches, I for Scotch Seceders, and I for Episco
paliana, and numerous mills and manufactures.
Stampalia, ial. in the Grecian su-chipelago, about
16 milea long and 5 broad, 60 m. W. Rfaodes, 90
N, Candia, Lon, 26° Iff E, Lat 36° 4ff N,
Stamping grounds, p-v, Scott co. Ken,
Stanardsville, p-v. Orange co. Va.

S T A

707

Slanbridge, t Bedford co. Lower Canada, S, E,
Montreal, Stanchio, ial . in the Grecian archipelago, an
cieutly Cas or Coos, 70 milea in circuraference,
and about 12 m, from the continent of Asia, Tfae
country ia for the raoat part level, ll abounds
witfa cypress and turpentine trees. The wine
produced here was famous araong the ancients for
a purgative quality. It faas one considerable town,
with a harbor defended by a castle. It is the see
of a bishop, Lon, 26° 56' E, Lat, 36° 46' N, Pop.
8,000, Greeka and Turka,
Stanchio, bay, A. Turkey, on the S. W, cosist of
Natolia, opposite the island of Stanchio. Lon, 27°
14' E, Lat, 36° 48' N,
Standia, t. Eu, Turkey, in Macedonia, in a small
bay of the gulf of Saloniki, 15 m, N, Larissa, 56
S, S, E. Edeaaa,
Standia, small isl. in the Mediterranean, 10 m,
N, Candia, Lon, 25° ff E. Lat 35° 26' N.
Standia, t. A. Turkey, in Natolia, on the W,
coast, Lon, 27" 18' E. Lat, 36° 54' N,
Standish, p-t Curaberland co, Maine, on Saco
river, 21 ra. N, W, Portland,
Standon, or Standlow, t. England, in Herts, 8
ra, N. E, Hertford, 26 N, London,
Stones, or Staines, t. England, in Middlesex, ou
the Thamea, on the bordera of Surrey, 6 m. E. S,
E, Windaor, 17 W, London, Lon, 0° 25' W, Lat,
51°2ff N, Pop. 1,750,
' Stanfalia. See Stampalia.
Stanfold, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 30
ra. S, E. Three-Rivers,
Stanford, p-t Dutchess co, N.Y, 18 ra. N, E,
Poughkeepsie, Pop, 2,335, It contains 3 church
es, I eacfa for Quakers, Baptiata, and Metfaodists,
Stanford, p-l, and cap, Lincoln co. Ken, on a
handsorae plain, 10 m, S. S. E. Danville, It con
tains a court-house and jail, and about 100 houses,
Stongskar, srasdl isl. in the gulf of Finland,
Lon. 26° Iff E. Lat 59° 45' N.
Stanhope, t. England, in Durhara, 17 m. W.
Durham, 264 N. London. Lon. 1° 5ff W. Lat.
54° 5ff N.
Staniskw, t. Austrian Poland, 66 m. S. S. E.
Leraberg, ISO N. W. Jassy.
Stanley, t. England, in Yorkshire, 2 m. N.
Wakefield. Stanley St. Leonard, I. Eng. in Glouceater, 13
m. S. Gloucester, 107 W. London. Lon. 2° 18' W.
Lat S1"47'N.
Stanwardsvilk, t. Orange co. Va. 23 ra, N, by
W, CharioltesviUe, 95 N, W, Richmond.
Stonsfidd, t, England, in Yorkshire, 9 m. W.
Halifax. *
Stanstead, t. RicheUeu co. Lower Canada, on
the E. aide of lake Meraphraraagog, S. E. of INIon-
treal. Pop. 2,500.
Stanton, t. England, in Lincoln, 17 m. E. N. E.
Lincoln, 146 N, London,
Stantonsburg, p-v. Newcombe co. N. C,
Slants, t, Switz, in Unterwalden, on tfae Lake
of Lucerne, 8 m, S. E, Lucern, 42 E, Berne,
Lon, 8° IffE, Lat 46° 5 I'E,
Stapodio, or the Brothers, 2 ialets in tfae Gre
cian Arcfaipelago, 6 m, E, Mycone, Lon, 36" 42'
E, Lat. 37" 32' N.
Stora Ruso, t. Russia, in Novgorod, near Lake
Uraen. 56 m, S, Novgorod, Lon, 31° 50' E, Lat
57° 4ff N,
Stargard, or Starogard, t. Prusaian Statea, on
the Fers, 20 m, S. Dantzig, 32 N. Cuhn, Lon, 1 8°
2ff E, Lat. 53° 57' N. • Pop, 2,778,

708

STA

Stargard, or Old Stargard, t, in the Grand
Duchy of Mecklehburg-StreUtz, 55 m. S. E, Gus-
tro, 63 S. Stralsund, Lon, 13° 17' E, Lat 63° 30'
N, Pop, 1,000,
Stargard, or New Stargard, t, Prussian States,
in Pomerania, on the luna, by wfaicfa it haa a free
communication with the Baltic, It ia large and
well built. Near the town ia a noble coUege,
founded in 1631. 74 m, N, E, Beriin, 44 N, Cua-
frin, Lon, 15" 20' E, Lat 53° 28' N, Pop, 7,200,
SlorikiUa, t. Eu, Turkey, in Dobruzza, on a
brancfa ofthe Danube, 6 m, E, laraaU,
Staritiso, t. Rusaia, in Tver, on the Volga, 44
m, S. W, Tver, Lon, 36° 14' E. Lat 66° 24' N,
Stark, CO, Ohio, on tfae W, side of Columbisraa
county. Pop, in 1815, 6,625 ; in 1819, 10,180,
Chieftown, Canton,
Starks, p-t, Somerset co, Maine, on the Kenne
beck, 7 m, W, Norridgewock,
Starksbaraugh, p-t Addison co, Vt, 28 m. W,
MontpeUer, Pop. 726.
Starodub, t Russia, in Novgorod Sieverakoe, 44
m. N, Novgorod Sieverskoe. Lon, 33° 44' E, Lat,
52" 35' N, Pop, 4,000,
Starr, t Alfaens co, Ofaio,
Starr, t. Hocking co. Ohio,
Start Paint, cape, Eng. on the S, coast of De
vonshire, 9 ra, S, Dartmouth, Lon, 3° 38' W,
Lat 50° 1 1'N.
Startsova, bay of tfae Frozen ocean, on the coast
of Russia, Lon, 40° 14' E. Lat 68° 16' N.
Starvegot Point, cape on the S, W, cosist of Ja
maica, Lon, 77° 45' W, Lat 17° 5ff N,
Stasfurt, t Prussian States, in Saxony, 20 ra. S.
Magdeburg, 21 E, Halberstadt, Lon, 11° 46' E,
Lat 51° 5ff N, Pop, 1,600,
Stcmda, sraall isl. in the Mediterranean, 8 m. N,
W, Scarpanto, Lon, 26° 44' E, Lat 35° Sff N,
Staten Island, isl, N, Y, conatituting the county
ef Richmond, It ia 14 railes long, 8 wide, and lies
9 m, S, W. New- York city, Itia separated from
Long Island by tfae Narrows, and frora tfae Jer
sey shore by a narrow strait called Staten Island
Sound. Pop. 5,347. Tfae Quarantine Ground
for vessels entering tfae port of New- York is ou
tfaia ialand.
Stolen Lond, ialand al the extreraity of S.
America, about 36 milea long and 15 broad, sepa
rated from Terra del Fuego by the Strait of Le
Msiire. II is barren and desolate, composed of in
acceaaible rocka, witfaout tfae leaat mixture of earth
or mould between them, Lon, 65° W, Lat, 64°
4ff S,
Stotesbarough, t. and cap, Bulloch co, Geo,
Statesburg, p-t, and cap, Claremont co. S, C, on
tfae E, aide of Beacfa creek, a tributary of tfae Wa
teree, It contains a court-faouse and jail, and 30
houaes, 30 m, S, Camden,
Stotesvilk, p-t, and cap, Tredell co, N, C, Il
contains a court-faouse and jail, an academy, a
church, and about 50 housea, 24 m, S, W, Ssdia-
bury. Stoles ofthe Church, or Popedom, the name giv
en to the dominions ofthe Pope, in Italy, bounded
N, by Auatrian Italy, E, by the Adriatic and part
of the kingdom of Naples, S. by the Mediterrane
an, and W, by the Mediterranean, Tuaoany, and
Modena. They are compoaed of aeveral states or
provinces, viz. the Bolognese, duchy of Ferrara,
Romanga, duchy of Urbino, Marquisate of Anco
na, county of Castello, territory of Perrugia, tfae
Orvielan, ducfay of Spoleto or Umbria, Sabina,
duchy of Castro, Patrimonio or Pafrimony of St

S T E
Peter, and Campania or Csunpagua di Roma, Ex
tent, 14,500 aquare milea. Pop, 2,346,000. jOver
thia country the Pope is tfae temporal as weU aa
the ecclesiastical prince. The eccleaiastical
power is claimed by the popes, aa successors of St
Peter over all the Christian churcfaes, and ia ac
knowledged by all Roman Catfaolic atatea ; but
this submission is different in difl'erent countries.
The temporal power has risen from the granta of
successive emperors of Rorae and Germany, as
likewise frora other princes. He ia elected by the
cardinals from araong themselvea, Tfae cardinals
are tfae pope's council, and hia miniatera, the chiefs
of the tribunala, and the princea of the church.
The court of Riojue is numerous and brflliant ;
the principsd offices are occupied by cardinals,
Rorae is the capital,
Stavanger, s-p, Norway, in Chriatisraaand, on a
bay ofthe NorUi sea, 86 m, S, Bergen, 85 N. W,
Christianaand. Lon. 6° 44' E. Lat 68° 56' N.
Stavenhagen,t, Mecklenburg, 24 ra. E. Gustrow,
16 N. W. New Bnaidenburg. Lon. 12° 34' E.
Lat.63°4ffN. Pop. 1,400.
Staveren, t. Netherlanda, in Friesland. It was
anciently a very rich, powerful, and populoua
city, with the best harhour in that country, but it
is now reduced very mucfa, the harbour being
choked up. 40 ra. N. Amsterdam, 75 W. S. W.
Emden. Lon. 5° 16' E. Lat 52° Sff N.
Stavem, or Fredericksvom, t Norway, in Aar
huus, 3 m. S. Laurvig.
Staunton, r. Virginisi, one of the principal
branches ofthe Roanoke. It rises on the weatside
af tbe Blue Ridge, and here has the name of Roan
oke, but after its passage throngh the Ridge, it
takes the name ofthe Staunton, wfaich it preserves
tfll its confluence witfa the Dsm, near the southern
boundary of Virginia, wfaere it resumes the name
of Roanoke. II ia navigable for some distance for
boats of 5 tons.
Staunton, p-t and cap. Augusta co. Virginia, 95
m. S. W. Winchester, 183 W. S. W. Washington,
120 N. W. Richmond. It conlsiins a court-house,
JEiil, acaderay, 3 churches, srad about 1,500 inhab
itants. Staunton, t Misuni co. Ohio, on Miami river,
I m. E- Troy.
Staunton's Island, sraall isl. near the E, coast of
China, Lon, 1 -22° Iff E, Lat 35° 47' N,
Stavres Hoved, cape, Denmark, on the E, coast
of the island of Fyen, Lon, 10° 4ff E, Lat 55°
2ff N,
Stavropol, t- Russisi, in Simbirsk, on the Volga,
44 m, S, S, E, Simbirsk, Lon, 48° 58' E, Lat 53°
44 'N,
Stavropol, t Russia, in Caucasus, on the Volga,
88 m. W, N, W, Ekaterinograd. Lou, 41° Sff E,
Lat 44° Sff N,
Stovros, or Stauros, (an. Stagira,) t. Eu, Tur
key, iu Macedonisi, on the gulf of Contesa, 46 m.
E, S, E, Saloniki,
Steadmansville, p-t, Athens co, Ohio.
Steckenits, r, which risea in the territory of Lu
beck, and runa into the Elbe at Lauenburg,
Sleege, s-p, DenmEurk, on the ialand of Moen, 38
m, S, S, W, Copenhagen, Lon, 15° 2ff E, Lat 55°
ff N,
Steel Point, cape on the coaat of Labrador, Lon,
62° W, Lat, 58° 40' N,
Steembergen, t. Brabant, 25 m. N, Antwerp, 5
N, Berg-op-Zoom, Lon, 4° 1 1' E, Lat 51° 37' N,
Steenkirk, or Steenkerque, v. Netherlands, in
Hsiinault, on the Sonneque, where a bloody battle

S T E

S T E

709

was fought between the allies, commanded by
WiUiam III, king of England, and the French un
der the Duke of Luxemburg, tfae 24th of July
1692, in which the latter were -victorious, 3 m,
N, W, Braine le Comte, 13 N, Mons,
Steenvorde, t, France, in Nortfa, 4 m, E. Cassel,
10 W, Yprea, Pop. 3,182.
Steenwyck, t Netherlanda, iu Overyssel, on the
Aa, 55 ra. S, W, Emden, 41 N, Zutphen, Lon,
6° E, Lat, 62° 48' N,
Steepholm, amall isl. in the Bristol Cfaannel,
mid-way between England aud Wsdea, Lon, 3°
7' W, Lat. 61° 19' N,
Steep rocks, ledge of rocks on the W, bank of the
Hudson, extending from Tappan sea, S, 12 or 13
miles. Steep point, cape on the S. coast of Java. Lon.
107°ffE. Lat7°32'S.
Stein, t Austria, on the Drave, 2 ra. S. Clagen
furt Stein, t. and fortress, Baden, on the Rhine, 4 m.
N. Worms.
¦ Stein, or Kamnets, t Ausfria, 10 m. N. Lay
bach, 144 S. S. W. Vienna. Lon. 32° 2ff E. Lat
46° 22' N.
Stdn am Rein, t. Swisserland, in Zurich, on the
N- side of the Rhine, at tfae west extremity of
Lake Zell, witfa a bridge over tfae river. 10 m. E,
Schaff'faauaen, 13 W, Conatance, Lon, 8° 50' E,
Lat47"3ffN, Steinach, r, Switz, which runa into the lake of
Constance, 2 ra. W, Roschbach.
Steinach, or Stcklt Steinach, t Ba-varia, 30 m, N.
E, Bamberg, 15 N, N, W, BayreuUi. Lon. 11°
37'E.Lat 60°I1'N.
Steinach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Neckar, near Nurtingen.
Steinach, r. Germany, which runs into the
Maine, 1 m. S. Zeulen.
Sleinom Anger, or Szombath Hely, t Hungsury,
48 m. S. Vienna, 43 S. S. W. Preaburg. Lon. 16°
58' E, Lat 47° SO'N,
Steinau, t. Silesia, ou a sraall river near the
west side of the Oder, 10 ra. W. N, W, Wohlau, 20
S, E, Gross Glogau, Lon, 16° 25' E, Lat 51° 22'
N, Pop, 2,100,
Steinau, or Stsynawa, t. Silesia, 22 ra, S. S, W,
Oppeln, 9 E, Neisae. Lon. 17° Iff E, Lat, 50°
18'N. Steinau, t. Hesse-Cassel, 16 m. S. W. Fulda, 23
E. N. E. Hanau. Pop. 1,300.
Steinbach, t Hesse-Cassel, 5 m. E. Smalkalden.
Pop. 2,000,
Steinbach, t Baden, 5 m, W, S. W, Gerspacfa,
38 W, Stuttgart, Pop, 1,653,
Steinberg, t. Saxony, 14 m, S. S. E, Freyberg,
Steinea, t. Switz, in Tfaurgau, 4 ra, N, E, Sl,
Gal, Steinfurt, or Burg Sleinfurt, t. Prussian States,
in WestpfaaUa, on tfae Asi, 17 m, N. W, Munster,
9 S, Bentfaeim. Lon, 7° Iff E, Lat, 52° 15' N,
Pop, 2,250.
Steinfurt, or Drensteinfurt, t. Germany, 11 m.
S. Munster. Lon. 8° 32' E. Lat. 61° 48' N.
Steinhausen, t Switzerland, al the N, end of
the lake of Zug-, 2 m, N, W, Zug, IS S, Zurich,
Steinheid, t Germany, in the principality of
Coburg, 9 m, N, N. E, Coburg.
Steinheim, or Ober Steinheim, t. Germany, on
the Main, 2 m. S, Hanau, 28 E. Mentz,
Steinhude, t, Gerraany, in Schauenburg Lippe,
on the S, aide of Steinhuder Meer, 13 m, N, W.
Hauover,

Steinhuder Meer, lake, Germany, 6 mfles long
and 2 broad, 12 ra. N, W, Hanover,
Steinkurst, t Holstein, with a castle, 25 m, E.
N, E, Haraburg, 15 S.W, Lubec,
Steinki^ff, a IVIissionary station of the London
Society in South Africa, in Littie Namaqualand,
formerly called Byzondermeid,
Stekboren, I. Switzerland, on tfae S, side of the
lake of Zell, 7 m. W . Conatance,
S/e//en6osc/i, asettlemenlnear the Cape of Good
Hope, in S, Africa, at the foot of a range of lofty
mountaina. It is one of the stations of the Lon
don Society, 26 ra. N, E, Cape-Town,
Stenay, t. France, iu Meuse, on the Meuse, 21
ra, N, N, W, Verdun, 15 N, E, Grandpre, Lon.
5° 1 ff E, Lat, 49° 30' N, Pop, 3,599,
Stendal, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, contain
ing 4 cfaurchea, with considerable raanufacturea,
28 ra. W, N, W, Brandenburg, 56 W, BerUn,
Lon, I?' E, Lat 52° Sff N, Pop, 5,000.
Stenosa, isl. in the Grecian Archipelago. Lon.
25°6ff E.Lat37"6'N'.
Slenskar, sraall islands on the W. side of the
gulfof Bothnia. Lon. 21" SO' E. Lat 66° 12' N.
Stephanawze, or Stephonettii, t. Eu. Turkey, in
Moldavia, at the conflux of the Pruth and the Bsis-
zeu, 40 m. N. Jaaay, 116 N. W. Bender. Lon.
27° 39' E, Lat 47° 53' N.
Stephanie, t. A, Turkey, in Natolia, on tfae coast
ofthe Black Sea, 18 ra, N, Sinob,
Stephen's Passage, strait between Adrairalty
Island and tfae continent of Araerica, extending
about 70 miles nortfa. Lon, 226° Sff E, L-at, ST
2ff N,
Stephen's Island, ial, in tfae Pacific ocean, about
34 miles in circumference, Lon, 229° 30' E, Lat.
54" 11' N.
Stephen's Island, ial. in tfae N. W. part of Cook's
Straita, in New Zealand. Lon. 185° 6' W. Lat
40° 36'N.
Stephen's Islands, 2 small islands, in the E. In
dian aea. Lou. 138° 39' E. Lat. 0° 22' S.
Stephentown, p-t, Rensselaer co, N, Y. 22 m, S.
E. Albany, Pop. 2,567,
Sterling, t, Franklin co, Vt. 24 ra. E. Burling
ton. Pop. 122.
Sterling, t. Worcester co. Mass. 12 ra. N. Wor
cester, 44 W. Boston. Pop. 1,472.
Sterling, p-t Windhara co. Ct 44 ra. E. Hart
ford. Pop. 1,101. Here is an academy, and
one of the largest cotton factories in the State,
containing 1,600 spindles.
Sterling, p-t Cayuga co. N, Y,
Sterlingmlk, p-v. Granville co. N. C,
Sternberg, *t, Moravia, 9 m, N. N. E. Olrautz.
Lon, 17° IffE, Lat, 49° 40' N, Pop, 4,250.
Stemberg,t. Prusaian States, in Brandenburg, 24
m, S, E, Custrin, 66 E. S. E, Beriin, Lon, 16" 17'
E, Lat, 52" 23' N. Pop. 800.
Sternberg, tGermany, in Mecklenburg-Schwe
rin, on a lake, 16 ra. S. E. Wisnar. Pop. 1,560.
Stemen, t Switz in Schweitz, 4 m. N. W.
Schweitz. Sternstein, t. Bavaria, with a ruined citadel, 17
ra. N. Nabburg, 20 N. E. Araberg.
Slert Point, cape, Eng. in the Britiah channel,
on the N, coast of Soraeraet, 10 m below Bridge-
water, Lon, 3° W. Lat 6 1° W N,
Sterzingen, t, Tyrol, celebrated for its raanu
facture of aword bladea, 10 ra, N. W, Brixen,
Stettin, (New,) t Pruasian Statea, in Pomera
nia, in the midst of lakes, 64 m. E, N, E. Stargard,

710

STI

S T O

46 S, E. Colberg, Lou, 16° 38' E, Lat, 53° 42' N,
Pop, 1,900,
Stettin, or Old Stettin, t Prussian Slates, in
Pomerania, on the Oder, It is large, handsome,
and well fortified, with several manufactures, and
carries on a great trade, 14 ra, W, N, W, Star
gard, 85 N, N, E. BerUn, Lon, 14° 44' E, Lat
53° 29' N. Pop, 22,000.
Steuben, p-t Waahington co, Maine, 35 m, W,
Machiaa, Pop, 552,
Steuben, co. N, Y. bounded N. by Ontario co,
E. by Torapkins and Tioga cos, S. by Pennaylva
nia, and W, by Alleghany co. Pop, 7,243, Cfaief
town, Bath,
Steuben, t, Oneida co, N, Y, 20 ra, N, Utica,
Pop, 1,105. The principal part of thia town was
granted to the Baron Steuben for hia servicea in
the Revolutionary war, and here hia reraaina are
interred. SteubenviUe, p-t, and cap, Jefferson co, Ofaio, is
on the W. bank of Ofaio river, in the midst of a
fertile and populous country, abounding also with
coal and fron ore, II weis regularly laid out in
1798, and has very rapidly incresiaed. In 1810, it
contained 800 infaabitanta ; and in 1817, more
than 2,000, with 3 churches, 2 banks, an acade
my, a spacious market-house, a woollen factory,
cotton factory, an air foundery, paper-mill, and
seversd other mills srad manufacturing establish
raents, 38 m, W. Pittsburg, 25 N, E, St Clairs
viUe, 150 E, N, E. Colurabus, Lat 40° 2ff N,
Stevenage, t. Eng. in Herts, II ra. N, N, W,
Hertford, 31 N. London, Lat 51" 55' N,
Stevensburg. See Newtoum, Va.
Stevensbu rg, p-v. Culpeper co, Va,
Stevenston, t. Scotland, in Ayrshire, 3 ra, N, N,
W, Irvine.
Stevensvilk, p-v. King-and-Queen co, Va,
Stevenswoert, or Fart St. Etienne, fort, Nether
landa, on the E, aide ofthe Mense, 30 ra, N, Liege,
7 S. Rureraonde,
Stewart, co. West Tennessee, Pop, 4,262, in
cluding 778 alavea.
SteworVs Islands, small isl, in the Pacific ocesra,
Lon. 163° Iff E, Lat, 8°2ff S,
Stewartstown, t. Ireland, in Tyrone co, 5 m, N,
N, E, Dungannon.
Stewartstown, or Stewortawn, t. Scotiand in
Ayrsfaire, 7 m. N. E. Irvine, 14 N. N, E, Ayr.
Stewartstown, p-t Coos co. N. H. on Connecti
cut river, 1 15 m. N. Concord. Pop. 176.
Steyll, I, Gerraany, 2 ra. S. E. Essen, 16 N. E.
Dusseldor. Lon. 7° E. Lat. 51° 22' N.
Steyning, I. Eng. in Sussex, 10 m. N. W. Brigfat-
helslone, 50 S, London, Lon. 0° 12' W, Lat 50°
64' N.
Sleyr, t Lower Austria, on a small river near
ita couflux with the Ens, v/ilh extensive manufac
tures of iron and ateel, 80 m. W, Vienna, 44 S,
E, Pasaau, Lon, 14° 22' E. Lat 48" 17' N, Pop,
10,000. Sleyregg, t. Austria, on the N. side of the Dan
ube, 84 m. W. Vienna, 36 E, S, E, Passau. Lon,
14° 26' E, Lat. 48° 17' N.
Stickhttusen, t. and citadel, Hanover, 18 ra, E,
S, E, Eraden, Lon, 7" Iff E, Lat 53" 14' N.
Stigsio, t. Sweden, in Angermanlaud, 8 ra, W,
Hernosand, Stilaro, r. Naplea, which runs into the gulf of
SquiUace. Lon, 16° 60' E, Lat. 38" 21' N,
StiU, isl. in tho Grecian Archipelago, Lou, 22°
49 E. Lat,37"2S'N,

Still valley, p-v, Suaaex co, N, J,
StiU water, p-t, Saratoga co. N, Y, on the Hud
son, 12 m, E, BaUston, 22 N, Albany, Pop, 2,492,
At this place a battle waa fought, 7th Oct 1777,
between tfae Britiah, under Gen, Bnrgoyne, and
the Americans, under Geu, Gates, iu which the
British were defeated.
Still water, p-v, Suasex co, N, Y,
Still water, r, Ohio, which runs into the Musk
ingum, 8 m. below New Pfafladelphia,
Stilo, t, Eu. Turkey, on tfae E, coaat of Morea,
Lon, 23° 4' E. Lat 36° 55' N,
Stilton, V. Eug, in Huntingdon, 14 m, S, Stam
ford, 75 N, London,
Slinos, isl, in tfae Grecian Archipelago, 6 m, S,
Naxia, Lon, 25° S3' E, Lat, 46° 52' N,
Stiria, in the old division of the Auatrian em
pire, a duchy, bounded N. by the su-chduchy df
Austria, E. by Hungary, S, by Csu-niola, and W,
by Carinthia, In tfae modern dirision. Inner Aus
tria embraces nearly the aarae country that was
formerly csdled Styria. See Austria, Inner.
Stirling, t. Scotland, and cap. of a county to
wfaich it gives name, on the right bank of the
Forth, on an eminence which terminates in a
rock. The carpet msmufacture flourishes, and
the cotton manufacture also begina to take place
here, StirUng castie was often tbe reaidence of
the kings of Scotland, Only sraall vessels can
corae up lo the town. 23 m. N. E. Glasgow, 36
N. W. Edinburgh. Lon. 3° 57' W. Lat 56° 7' N.
Pop. 5,820.
Stirlingshire, county, Scotiand, bounded N. by
Perthshire and Clackraanshfre, E. by the Forth
andf county of Linlithgow, S. by Dunbsirton, and
W. by Loch Lomond. Pop. 58,174. Cfaief towns,
Stirling and Falkirk.
Stobi, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, 42 m. N.
Edessa, 65 N, N, W, SalonUri,
Stobrez, a-p, Dalmatia, 4 ra. E. Spalatro,
Stock, t Harrison co, Ofaio, 10 m. N. W. Ca
diz. Stockach, t Gerraany, in Baden, 15 m, N. W,
Constance, 15 N, E. Scfaafffaauaen, Lon, 9° 1' E,
Lat, 47" 52' N, Pop, 1,153,
Stockach, r. Gerraany, wfaicfa runs into the
Lake of Constance, 5 m. S. E, Stockack,
Stockbridge, t. Eng. in Hsmts, 15 m, E. Sahsbo-
ry, 67 W, S, W, London, Lon. 1° 27' W, Lat 51°
7'N. Stockbridge, p-t, Windsor co, Vt, 26 m, N, W,
Windsor, Pop. 700.
Stockbridge, p-l. Berksfaire co. Mass, is a pleas
ant town, on tlie Housatonnuc, 6 m. S. Lenox, 12
S, Pittsfield, 130 W. Boston, Pop, 1,382,
Slockdale's Harbour, bay of tfae Pacific ocean, in
Prince William's sound, on the N. W, coast of
America. Lon. 148° W. Lat 60" 50' N.
Slockden' s valley, p-v. Cumberland co. Ken.
Stnrkerau, t. Lower Austria, on the left bankof
the Danube, 12 m, S, Sonneberg, IS N, W, Vi
enna, Pop, 1,430.
StockJiolm, city and cap. of Sweden, situated on
aeven iatanda, between the Baltic and the Malar
Lake, The harbour ia of sufficient depth lo re
ceive the largest vessels up to tfae quay. At the
extremity of the harbour seversd streets rise one
above another, in the form of an amphitheatre,
with the palace, a magnificent building, at the
sumrait. Except in the suburba, where are some
houses of wood, the buildings for the most part are
ofstone, orof brick rtuccoed white, and most of
them built ou piles, A communication is formed

S T O

S T O

711

between the several parts of Stockholm, by means
of 12 bridgea. Tfae Royal Academy of Sciencea
at Stockfaolra waa incorporated in 1741, Here
are manufactures of glass, cfaina, woollen, silk,
linen, &o, Lon, 17° 40' E, Lat 59° 2ff N, Pop,
75,517. Stockholm, p-t St Lawrence co. N. Y. SO m. E.
Ogdensburg. Pop. 307.
Stockholm, p-t. Morria co. N. J.
Stockport, or Stopford, t. Eng. in Cheater co. on
the Mersey, with considerable cotton manufac
tures. 7 ra. S. E. Manchester, 175 N. N. W. Lon
don, Lon. 2° 18' W, Lat S3" 2ff N, Pop, 17,475,
Siockstadt, t. Gerraany, on the Maine, 3 ra, W,
Aschaffenburg, 15 S, E, Francfort on the Msiine,
Stockton, s-p, Eug, in Durham, on the Tees,
about 10 miles from the German sea. It faaa a
considerable manufacture of aail-cloth, 22 ra,
S, E, Darhara, 240 N, London, Lon, 1° 21' W,
Lat 54" 4ff N, Pop, 4,229,
Stoddard, t. Cheafaire co, N, H, 29 m, W, Con
cord. Pop. 1,139.
Sioddertsville, or Armstead, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa.
Stagumber, or Stoke Gamer, t Eng. in Somerset,
12 m. N. W, Taunton, 152 W, London,
Stoke upon Trent, t. Eng, in Staffordahire, 154
m, N. N, W, London,
Stake, V. Eug, in Nottingham, near the Trent,
5 m. S, Newark, 120 N, London.
Skke, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on St,
Francis river, 60 ra, S, E, Three-Rivers,
Stokes, CO. in tfae N. W. part of N, C, Pop,
11,645, including 1,746 slavea. Chief towna,
Germanlown and Salem,
Skies, t. and cap, Montgomery co, N, C, near
the Yadkin, Il containa a court-house and jail,
and about 20 houses,
Stokes, t Madison co. Ohio, Pop. 267,
Stake's Bay, bay, Eng. on tfae S, coaat of Hamp
shfre, belween Portamouth Harbour and South
ampton river, S, of Goaport
Stokesly, t Eng. in Yorkshire, 28 ra, W, Whit
by, 239 N, London, Lon, 1° 4' W, Lat 54°
30' N,
Stolotz, t. Eu, Turkey, in Servia, on the Mora
via, SO m. N, N. W, Niasa.
Stolberg, t. Saxony, in tfae circle of Erzgebirg, 8
m, S. W, Dresden, Lon, 12" 42' E. Lat 50° 40'
N. Pop, 1,940,
Stolberg, t. Prussian Statea, in Saxony, cap, of
a country to wfaicfa il givea name, 40 m, N, Er
furt, 37 E, HaUe. Lon. 11" 5' E, Lat, 51° 29' N,
fop, 300.
Stalhoven, t. Gerraany, near the Rhine, 16 ra.
N. N. E. Strasburg, 42 W, Stutgard, Lon. 8" 7'
E, Lat 48" 4ff N.
Stolpe, r. wfaich riaea in Poraerania, and runa
into the aea, 27 m, W, Dantzic.
Stolpe, t. Pruaaian Stales, in Poraerania, on a
river of the aame name, wfaich here begina to be
navigable. 80 ra. N. E. Stargard, 65 W. Dant-
zick. Lon. 16° 4ffE. Lat, 54° 25'N, Pop, 4,400,
Stolpe, t. Prussian States, 38 ra, N, E, Berlin,
Lon, 14° 14' E. Liit 52° 58' N.
Stolpemunde, t, Prusaian Statea, in Poraerania,
on the coast of the Baltic, at the raouth of the
Stolpe, 10 ra, N. Stolpe, Lon, 16° 3ff E, Lat 54"
32^ N, Pop. 300,
Sklpen, t Saxony, in Meiaaen, with a citadel,
33 m, w; N, W. Zittau, 14 E, Dreaden, Lon, 14°
5' E, Lat, 51° ff N, Pop, 1,080,
Stolsenau, t. Hanover in the county of Hoya, on
the Weaer, 8 m, S, S, W, Nienburg,

Stone, t, Eng, in Staffordshire, 7 m, N, Staflbrd,
140 N, W, London, Lon, 2° Iff W, Lat, 52"
54' N,
Stone, small isl, Scotland, in the Frith of Forth,
8 m, S, E. Dumferraline.
Stone Arabia, v, in Palestine, N, Y, on the N,
side of the Mohawk, 52 m. W, Albany, ' ''
Stone fort, p-v, Franklin co. Ten,
Stoneliam, t Quebec co. Lower Canada, onthe
N, aide of the St, Lawrence, 20 m, N, Quebec,
Stonehom, t. Middlesex co, Masa, 9 ra. N. Bos
ton. Pop. 467.
Stonehaven, or Stondiive, t Scotland, in Kincar
dine, on a bay of tfae German ocean, 15 m, S. Ab
erdeen, 22 N. N. E. Montrose. Lon, 2" 12' W,
Lat 56° Sff W, Pop, 1,1.10,
Stonehom, t Eng. in Hsunpsfaire, 4 m, N. South
ampton, Stonehouse, t. Eug, in Gloucestershire, 2 ra, N.
N, W, Stroud,
Stonehouse, t. Eng, in Devonahire, 1 m, from
Plymoulh, Stone lick, r. Ohio, which runa into the Eaat
fork of the Little Miami, in Clermont county.
Stone lick, t. Clerraont co, Ohio,
Stone Mountains, or Rock Mountains, Geo, near
the aourcea of the Oakmulgee aud the Chatafaoo-
cfaee, SO ra, S, Hog raountain, 150 S. E. Lookout
mountain, Il rises frora tfae plain to tfae faeigfat of
900 feet, and ia about 10 milea in circuraference
at its base,
Stonehenge. See Amesbury, Eng.
Slonesborough, p-v. Green co. Ken,
Stone's river, r, Tennessee, wfaicfa runa N, W.
and joina the Curaberland, 6 m. N.E. Nashville.
Stonesvilk, p-v. Greenville co. S. C,
Stoney paint, p-v. Albemarle co, Va,
Stoney point, p-v. Abbeville district, S, C,
Stonington, p-t, and borougfa, New London co.
Conn, in the S. E, corner of tfae State, 12 m. E,
New London, 55 S, E, Hartford, 62 E, New Ha
ven, Pop, 3,043, 11 contains a pubUc arsenal
belonging to tfae U, Stales, 2 woollen factories, a
cotton factory, an academy, and 2 housea of pub
lic worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for
Baptists, 'There are 10 or 15 veasela employed
from thia town in the fisfaeriea, and tfae araount of
sfaipping owned here ia about 1,100 tona, Ston
ington borougfa waa incorporated in 1801, and is
aituated on a narrow poinl of land about half a
raile long which runa out into Long Island aound.
11 ia celebrated for ila successful resistance to the
bombardment of a British squadron in August
1814, Pop. of the borough 804,
Stono inkt,*S. C. separates James srad John's
islands, and flows into the Atlantic,
Stony creek, t. Soraerset co. Pa, Pop. 943.
Stony creek, i. Ohio, which runs into the Mia
rai frora tfae E, above Piqua,
Stony Mountains. See Rocky Mountains.
Storhamnen, sraall ial, of tfae gulf of Botfania,
Lon, 17° Iff E. Lat, 61° 32' N,
Storholmen, amaU ial. of the gulf of Bothnia.
Lon. 17° 42' E. Lat 62° Sff N.
Storko, ial. in the Baltic, near tfae coast of
Sweden. Lon. 15" 34' E. Lat. 56° 5' N.
Storkow, t, Prusaian atates, in Brandenburg, 26
m. W. S. W. Frankfort on the Oder, 24 E. S. E.
BerUn, Lon, 14" 55' E. Lat, 52° 15' N, Pop.
1,100. Storm Bay, bay on the S. coaat of New Holland,
between South Cape and Tasman'a Head.
Stornaway, seaport, Scotiand, and capital of

712

S T R

the island of Lewi^ ou a bay, with a harbor, safe,
spacious, and easy of accesa. Several of tfae mer
cfaanta are engaged in tfae fiahing trade, Lon, 6°
19' W, Lat 58° 18' N, Pop, 3,500,
Storsio, hke, Sweden, in Jaratland, which cora
municatea witfa the gulf of Bothniau Lon, 14° 10'
E, Lat. 63° 10' N,
Slorskor, 2 amall ialands on tfae east side of the
guff of Bothnia, Lon, 20° 32' E. Lat 63° T N,
Stoit, r. England, which runa into the sea, 2 m,
N, E, Hoddesden,
Stortford Bishop's. See Bishop Stortford.
Sto(field Head, cape, Scotland, on the cosist of
Murray, Lon, 3° 10' W, Lat, 57° 42' N,
Stoughtan, p-t Norfolk co, Maaa, 14 m, S, E,
Dedham, Pop, 1,134,
Stour, r. England, whicfa forma the boundary
between the countiea of Easex aud Suffolk, and
runs into the Gerraan sea, at Harwich,
Stour, r. England, which runs into the English
channel at Chriatcfaurcfa in Hampafaire,
Stour, r. England, in Kent, which runa into the
sea at Sandwich,
Stour, r. Eng. which runa into the Trent, 4 m,
S, Kidderminater,
Stour Head, cape, Denmark, on the N, W. coast
of the island of Fuuen, Lon, 9° 48' E, Lat, 55°
37' N,
Stourbridge, t England, in Worcestershire, on
the river Stour, 23 m, N. Worcester, 124 N, W,
London. Lon. 2° 2' W, Lat, 52° Sff N.
Stourport, t England, in Worcestershire, Ilm.
N, Worcester, 126 N. W, London,
Stouts, V. Wasfaington co. Missouri,
Stow, p-t Wasfaington co, Vt IS m, N, W.
MontpeUer, Pop, 650,
Stow, p-t Middlesex co. Mass. SO ra. W. Boston.
Pop. 885.
Stow, p-t Portage co. Ohio, on the Cuyahoga,
1 1 ra. W. Ravenna. Pop. in 1815, 400.
S/ot« creek, t Cumberland co. N. J. Pop. 1,039.
Stow on the Would, t Eng. in Gloucester, 23 m.
E. Gloucester, 84 W. Loudon. Lon. 1° 42' W.
Lat 51° 56' N.
Stow Market, t Eng. in Suffolk, on the Orwell,
13 ra. N N. W. Ipswich, 75 N. N. E. London.
Lon. 1° 1' E. Lat 52° Iff N.
Stawe, V. Eng. in Buckingham, 2 ra, N, N. W,
Buckinghara, Stowey, or Nether Stawey, t. Eng, in Somerset,
12 ra. N. Taunton, 145 W. London,
Stoyesiown, p-t, Soraerset co. Pa, Pop, 170.
Strabane, t. Ireland, in Tyrone, 40 ra. N. W.
Armagh, IIS. S. W. Londonderry. Lon. 7° 19'
W. Lat 54° SffN,
Strabane, t. Washington co. Pa, Pop. 2,395.
Stradbrook, t Eng, in Suffolk, 5 m, N, E, Eye,
Strafford, co, N. H. bounded N, by Cooa co, E,
by Maine, S. by Rockingham co, and W, by Graf
ton CO. Pop, 41,595, Chief towna, Dover and
Gilmantown, Strafford, p-t, Cooa co, N. H, Pop. 339.
Strafford, t Orange co, Vt 29 ra. N, Windsor,
Pop. 1,805, In this town is a mine of copperas
12 m. from Dartmouth coUege, which haa yielded
witfa little labour, 100 tons of copper-as in a year.
Straight creek, r. Ofaio, which flows into the
Ohio, in Brown county.
Straits of Calais. See Pas de la Calais.
Strakonite, t. Bohemia, 54 m. S, Prague, Lon,
13° 5ff E, Lat, 49" 17' N, Pop, 3,300.
Stralsund, city, Prussian states, in Pomerania,
on tfae aide of a strait which paaaes between the

S T R
continent of Pomerania and the ialsmd of Rugen,
It ia very stfong, being ao aurrounded by the sea
that it is accessible only over bridges, and has be
aidea very good fortifications. It waa formerly one
of the principal Hanae towns, 113 ra, N. Berlin,
120 N, E, Hamburgh, Lon, 13° 8' E. Lat 54°
2ff N, Pop, 13,500,
Stromberg, t Moravia, 30 ra, E, Prerau, Lon,
18°1I'E, Lat 49° 32' N,
Strangford, t Ireland, in Down co, 6 m, E,
Downpatrick, Lou, 5° 28' W, Lat 54° 21' N,
Strangford Laitgh, large bay of Ireland, in
Down CO. extending frora Killard Point iu the
Irish aea, to Newton, about 17 nules from S. lo N,
Stranrawer, or Stranaer, t Scotland, in Wigton
CO, It is a royal burgh, 74 m, W, N, W, Dum
fries, 126 S, W. Edinburgh, Lou, 4° 58' W, Lat
55° 1' N, Pop, 1,722,
Strasburg, city, France, stud capital of Lower
Rhine, at the conflux of the IU Erad the Brusch,
about a mile from the left bank of the Rhine. Be
fore the revolution it was the capital of Alsace,
and tiie aee of a biahop. It is weU fortified with
a citadel by Vauban. tt has aix gates and 200
streets, but for the most part very narrow. There
are 8 bridgea acrosa the IU, smd one of wood 3,900
feet long, over tbe Rhine, which in the middle ii
aupported by an ialand, on which is a strong castle.
Strasburg haa an university, governed by twenty
profeaaors, wfao are Lutfaerans, and another ot
Roman CathoUcs. The militauy hospital is a hand
aorae building, and the city infirmary wiU re
ceive 800 patients, besides which tfaere are tw6
housea of orphans, a foundling hospital, and nu
merous other charitable institutions. From ita
aituation, Straaburg is a place of considerable
commerce ; here are manufactures of tobacco,
cfains^ steel, lace, carpets, cloth, leather, &c. 75
posts E. Paria. Lon. 7° 4ff E. Lat 48° 35' N.
Pop. 49,056.
Strasburg, t. Prussisra states, 30 m, N. E, Thorn,
35 E, Cuhn.
Strasburg, t Pruaaian states, in Brandenburg,
12 m, N, Prenzlow, 56 N. Beriin, Lon, 13° 44'E,
Lat, 53" 32' N, Pop, 2,900.
Strasburg, p-t FrEmklin co. Pa. 8 m, S. E. Lan
caster, 58 W. Pfailadelphia, Pop, 2,710,
Strasburg, p-t Shenandoah co. Pa, 12 m, N, N,
E, Woodstock,
Stratford upon Avon, t. England, in Warwick
CO, on the .Avon, chiefly celebrated as the native
place of Shakspeare ; 8 m, S. S, W, Warwick, 94
N,W. Londou, Lon. 1°44'W, Lat 52° 11' N.
Pop. 2,842,
Stratford Fenney, t. England, in Buckingham
CO, 12 ra, E. Buckingham, 45 N. W, London,
Lon, 0°4ff W. Lat 51" 54 N,
Stratford, Stoney, t. England, in Buckingham, ?
ra. N. E, Buckingham, 62 N. E. London. Lon, 0°
44' W. Lat, 52' N, Pop, 1,653,
Stratford, v. Englamd, in Essex, 4 m. E. Lon
don. Stratford, p-t Coos co. N, H, on Connecticut
river, 98 ra. N, Concord,
Strnlford, p-t Fairfield co, Ct, on the west side
of the Houaatonnuc, at ila mouth, 13 m. S. VV,
New Haven, Pop, 2,895, It containa an acade
my, and 4 churches, 2 for CongregationaUsta, 1
for Episcopalians, and 1 for Metfaodists. In this
town is tfae borough of Bridgeport.
Stratford, t Montgomery co. N. Y. 15 m, N.W.
Johnstown, Pop, M3.

S T R
Stratford Bow, v. England, in Middlesex, on the
right bank of the Lea, 3 m, E, London,
Stratford River, a name given to the Housaton
nuc, below the junction of the Naugatuck,
Stratham, t. Rochingham co, N, H, 7 m, S, W,
Portsmouth. Pop. 876. It haa 2 churches, 1 for
Baptists, and 1 for Congregationaliats.
Strathanen, t Scotland, in Lanerkahire, 6 m. S,
Hamilton, 10 W. Lanerk,
Strathy Head, cape, ScoUand, on the N, coaat
of Sutherland, 31 m, E. Cape WraUi, Lon, 3"
50' W, Lat 58" 3ff N,
Slratonisi, 3 small islands in the Grecian ar
chipelago, 10 ra, S, Specia, Lon, 23" 25' E. Lat
37° Iff N.
StrcUti, or Agioi Slratti, small isl. in the Grecian
archipelago. Lon. 25" 12' E. Lat. 39" 35' N.
Stratton, t. England, in Cornwall, 15 ra. N. N.
W. Launceston, 221 W. S. W. London. Lon. 4"
25' W. Lat 50" Sff N.
Stratton, t Windham co. Vt. 38 ra. S, W, Wind
sor, Pop, 265,
Straubing, t Bavaria, on the Danube, with a
caatie, Il contains a collegiate church and four
convents, 43 m. N, W, Passau, 60 N, N, E, Mu
nich. Lon. 12° 30' E. Lat 48° 47' N. Pop. 6,200.
Straviko, t Eu. Turkey, in Bulgarisi, on the
Black aea, 40 ra. S. E. Israail.
Straussberg, t Prusaian states, in Brandenburg,
13 m. S. E. Bernau, 20 E. Berlin. Lon. 13° 55' E.
Lat 52" 37' N. Pop. 3,600.
Strawberry plains, p-v. Knox co. Ten.
Strawberry, r. Miasouri, a brancfa of Big Black
river, wfaich it joins on the W. side.
Strawniown, p-t. Bucks co. Pa.
Strebemich, t Eu, Turkey, in Bosnia, 70 m, W,
Belgrade, Slrehla, t. Saxony, on the Elbe, 14 ra, N. W,
Meiaaen, 21 N, W. Dreaden,
StrMen, t. Sileaia, 16 ra, W, S. W. Brieg, 20
S, Brealau, Pop, 3,000,
Strdtberg, t. Gerraany, 30 ra, S, W, Bayreuth,
14 E, S. E, Bamberg, Lon. 11° 10' E. Lat. 49°
4ffN. Strelford, t. England, in Lancaahire, 4 m, S, W,
Mancheater, Strelitz, or Great Strelitz, t. Sileaia, 14 m, S, E,
Oppeln, 20 N. Ratibor. Lon, 17" 15' E, Lat, 50"
27' N, Pop, 1,180.
Strelitz, or Old Strelitz, t. Germany, in Meck
lenburg, which givea name to a brancfa of the
house of Mecklenburg, called Mecklenburg-Stre
Utz ; 50 ra, W. Stettin, Lon. 13° 18' E, Lat 53°
22'N. Strelitz, t. Scotland, in Perlhafaire, 10 ra. N.
Perth. Strengnas, or Strengenas, t. Sweden, on -the
Malar lake, the aee of a biahop. It haa a cele
brated gymnsisiura or seminary. 32 m, W, Stock
holm, Lou, 16° Sff E. Lat. 59° 20' N.
Sretensk, t Rusaia, in Irkutak, 52 ra, E. N. E,
Nertcfainsk, 492 E, Irkutsk. Lon. 118° 14'E. Lat
51° 22' N.
Strelford, t England, iu Lancasfaire, 4 ra. S. W.
Manchester.' Siretham, v. England, in Surry, 7 m. S. London.
Streigau, t, Sileaia, 9 m. N. W, Scfaweidnitz, 8
S,E, Jauer. Lon. 16" 22' E, Lat 50° 5ff N, Pop.
2,900, Strimon, or Emboli, i, Eu, Turkey, in Roma
nia, which runa into the gulf of Contesa, 6 m, S,
Emboli.

S T U

718

Strivali, 2 rooky ialands ia the Mediterranean,
26 m, S, Zante, Lon, 21° 12' E, Lat, 37° 29' N,
Stroemsholm, t. Sweden, in WestmanHlaUd, 64
m,S,W, Upaal, Lon. 16° 14'E. Lat 69° 30' N,
Stroma, isl, in the Nortfa sea, near the N- coast
of ScoUand, in the Penllane Frith, 3 m, N, W.
Duncanaby Head. Lon, 2° 58' W, Lat,* 58°
36'N. Stromberg, t. Germany, 20 ra, S, E, Muiuter,
Lon. 8° Iff E, Lat 61° 45' N. ^
Slromboli, or Strongali, one of the Lipari islanda,
anciently Strongyk, 12 railes in circumference.
On it is a volcano, 28 m, N. W, Cape Vaticano.
Lon, 15° 30' E, Lat 38° 4ff N,
Stromness, seaport, ScoUand, situated on the S,
W, coaat of tfae island of Pomona, with a harbor
whicfa Eiffords safe ancfaorage, 10 m, W, Kirkwall,
Lon, 3" 9' W, Lat 58° 51' N, Pop. 1,344.
Stromoe, Uie largest of tfae Faroer islands, in tfae
Northern ocean, SO milea long and 10 broad, Lon,
7° W. Lat 62° 10' N,
Stromsac, t. Norway, in Aggerhuus, 18 m. S, W,
Chriatiania, Lon, 10° 16' E, Lat 59° 44' N,
Stromstadt, t. Sweden, in Weal Gotfaland, on the
coaat of the North sea, 43 m, N, N, W, Uddevalla,
Lon. 11" 4' E, Lat, 68"5ff N,
Strong, forraerly Reedsiown, p-t, Somerset cO,
Maine, 24 m, N, W, Norridgewock,
Slrongila, small isl, in the Grecian arcfaipela
go, 6 ra, S, W. Paros, Lon, 25° 10' E, Lat, 37° N.
Strongali, t. Naples, in Calabria Citra, tfae see
of a bishop, 16 ra, S, S, E. Cariati Vecchia, 47 E,
Cosenza, Lon, 17° 17' E, Lat, 39° Iff N,
Stronsa, one of the Orkney islanda, about 6
miles long from N. to S, aud almost as broad from,
E, to W. Lon. 2° Sff W, Lat 58" 39' N, Pop.
924, Strontian, v. Scotland, iu Argyleshire, cele
brated for the fossil called Strantiles. Lon, 6° 38'
W, Lat, 56° 40' N.
Strappen, t. Sflesia, 24 ra. W. N. W. Oels, 18
N. W. Breslau. Lon. 16" 4ff E. Lat 51° 22' N.
Pop. 970.
Stroud, r. England, whicfa runs into the Severn,
5 m. S, Gloucester.
Stroud, t. England, in Gloucester co, on the
Frome, which is here called Straud-water, and
particularly celebrated as a menslruura in dying
broad-cloths in acarlel find other grain coloura, 11
m, S, Glouceater, 102 W. London, Lon, 2" Iff W.
Lat 51" 47' N. Pop, 5,321.
Stroud, t. England, in Kent, adjoining Rochea-
ter, frora which il is separated by the Medway,
Straudsburg, p-t. Northarapton co. Pa.
Stroudwate% See Casco Bay.
Stroudwater. See Westbrook.
Strumbk's Head, cape, Walea, on the N. coast
of Pembroke. Lon. 5" Iff W. Lat 52° N.
Struys Boy, bay on the S. coast of Africa. Lat
34° Sff S,
Strynkaly, small isl. Denraark, in the Baltic,
belween .Sroe and Langeland, Lon, 10° 36' E.
Lat 54° 54' N.
Strynae, small isl. Denraark, in the Baltic, 2 m,
frora the W. coast of Langeland. Lon, 10° Sff E.
Lat, 54° 54' N.
Stuart, CO. West Tennessee, Pop, 4,262, in
cluding slaves. Chief town, Dover,
Stuartsburg, p-t Westmoreland co. Pa,
StuarVs Island, ial. near the N, W, coast of
America, at the entrance of Bute's canal, in the
gulf of Georgia, Lon, 286° ff E, Lat, ,50° 24' N,

90

•714

SUB

StuarVs lake. North America, on the W,-side of
the Rocky mountaina, Lon, 126° W, Lat, 64° 30'
N. It ia said to be 300 miles iu circumference,
and diacfaargea its watera througfa Frazer's river,
into the gulf Georgia, At its E. end is a port of
Use N, W, corapany,
fudkmd Bay, bay ofthe EngUah channel, 6 ra,
ool, Lon, 1° 58' W, Lat 60" 37' N,
Studley, t. England, in Warwickshire, on the
Arrow, 6 in, N, W. Stratford upon Avon,
, Stuhiingen, t Baden, 22 m, N, Zurich, SO W.
Constance, Lon, 8° 2ff E, Lat, 47° 4ff N, Pop.
928. Stuhl Weissenburg, or Ssekes Fejervar, t. Hun
gary, a royal free town, and see of a bishop. Tfaia
town ia strong in its situation, and had forraerly
considerable works, which were dismantled in
1702. It was once the place for tfae coronation of
the kings, but at present the town is extremely
decayed. 84 ra. S. E. Vienna, 24 W. Buda. Lon.
17° 50' E. Lat, 47" 17' N, Pop, 12,248,
Stukely, t. Richelieu co. Lower Canada, E, of
Montreal, Pop. 250,
Stum, t, Prussia, 7 m, S, Marienburg, Lon, 18°
52' E, Lat, 53° 6ff N,
Stumpstawn, t Dauphin co. Pa. on a branch of
the Little Swetera, 24 ra, E, N. E, Harrisburg,
Stura, seaport, on the S, W, coast of the iatand
of Negropont, Lon, 24" Iff E. Lat 38" 8' N,,
Stura, r. Italy, whicfa risea in Mount Cenia, and
runa into the Po, at Turin.
Sturbridge. See Stourbridge.
Sturbridge, p-t, Worcester co. Masa, 21 ra. S, S,
W, Worceater, 58 S, W, Boaton, Pop, 1,927,
Sturgeon' s boy, a large bay of Michigan Terri
tory, wfaicfa seta up to the soutfa frora Green bay.
It ia 15 railes long and 6 wide, Frora its head
tfael-e is a sfaort portage to lake Micfaigan,
Sturgeon lake, lake, -North Araerica, about 40
milea long and from 1 to 5 broad, Lon. 91° 25' W,
Lat 49° 30' N,
Sturminster Marshal, t. England, in Doraet, 4
m, E, Sturminater Newton,
Sturminster Newton, t. England, in Dorsetshire,
on the river Stour, 9 m, N, W, Blandford, 111 W,
London, Lon. 2° 2ff W, Lat, 50° 58' N,
Stuttgard, or Stuttgart, the capital of Wurtera
berg, and reaidence of the king, aituated in a de
lightful country, on tfae Nasedbach, about 2 raflea
from the Neckar, It is the see of a bishop, Tfae
streets are large and strait, and the houaes hand
some. The royal palace is a magnificent build
ing. Stuttgart contains an academy of painting,
sculpture, and architecture, -and manufactures of
stuffs, silk stockings, and ribbons. 40 m, N. W,
Ulm, 40 S, S. E. Heidelberg, Lon, 9° 18' E, Lat
48° 4ff N, Pop, 22,000,
Styria. See Stiria.
Suakem, or Suaquem, isl, in the Red sea, near
the coast of Nubia, with a seaport of the sarae
narae. The ialand is in a bay, the entrance of
which ia narrow, and well accured frora every
wind, with five, aix, and aeven falhoraa water.
It belonga to the Turka, and is governed by a pa
cha. The trade is very considerable, with both
the coasta of Africa, tfae East Indies, Arabia, and
Egypt, By nature the shoals, rocks, and sand
banks render it secure from the attack of an en
emy by sea, and it is well Ibrtified by art, Lon,
33° E, Lat, 19° 2ff N,
Subarkan, t. A, Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the
Euphrates, 75 m. E. S, E. Kerkisieh,

SUE
Subtermoaky, r, Bengal, which runs intothe bay
of Bengal, in lon, 88° 32' E, Lat 21° Sff N,
Succadona, t Borneo, and capital of the king
dom of the aame name, Lon, 109° 56' E, Lat 0*
SffS, Success, t. Coos co, N, H, 86 m, N, Concord,
Success Bay, or Good Success Bay, bay on the
S, E, coaat of 'Terra del Fuego, in the atraita of Le
Maire, Lon, 65° 27' W, Lat, 54° Sff S,
Succoot, t Nubia, on the Nfle, 160 m, N, Don-
gota, Lon, 31° 40' E. Lat 22° N,
Suchitepec, or SL Antonio de Suchitepec, t Gua
timala, on a river whicfa runs into the Pacific
ocean, 60 ra, W, N, W. Guatimala, Lon, 93° 36'
W. Lat 14° 44' S,
Suck, r. Ireland, whicfa runs into the Shannon
6 m. S, E. Balinasloe.
Suck creek, r. Tennessee, which joins Tennes
see river, 70 m, below the moutii of the Hi-
waaaee. Suckasunny, p-t. Morris co. N. J.
Suczava, or Suchsow, t. Bukovina, on a river of
the aame name, formerly a flourishing city, but
now much declined. 84 m. N. W. Jaasy, 130 N.
E. Coloavar, Lon, 25° 58' E. Lat 47° 57' N
Pop. 2,640.
Suda, small ial. in tfae Mediterranean, near the
coaat of Candisi, 8 m. E. Csmea. Lon. 24° 6' E
Lat 17° N.
Sudak, seaport, Russia, in Tauris, on Uie Blai*
sea, 20 ra. S. W. Tfaeodosia.
Sudbury, t. Eng. in Suffolk co, ou the N,side of
the Stour, The trade is considerable, and much
assisted by the Stour, It aends two membera tc
parliament 59 ra, S, S, W. Norwich, 56 N, E
London, Lon. 0° 15' E, Lat 52° 3' N, Pop.
3,471, Sudbury, p-t Rutiand co. Vt 43 m. W, Wind
sor, Pop. 754.
Sudbury, t. Middlesex co. Mass. 22 m. W. Bos
ton.. Pop. 1,287.
Sudermannland, or Sudermania, prorince in the
old division of Sweden, bound«l N. by .Malar
lake, E. and S. E. by Uie Baltic, S. W. by East
Gothland, and W. by Nericia. Nykioping wat
the capital.
Suderae, one of the Faroer islands, in the North
AUantic ocean, rerasu-kable for a dangeroua whirl
pool near it
Sudkr's cross-roads, p-v. Queen Anne co. Md.
S^udogda, t. Russia, in Vlsidimfr, 28 m. S. E.
Vladinur. Lon. 40° 54' E. Lat 55° 4ff N.
Sudsa, t. Russia, in Kursk, 40 m. S. W. Kursk,
Lon. 35° 14' E, Lat 51° 2ff N.
Suemes, Island of, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon.
226" 50' E. Lat 65" 16' N.
Svelmoe, sraall isl. Denmark, near tfae S, coast
of tfae island of Funen. Lon. 10° 2ff E, Lat 55"
8'N, Svenborg, fort, Sweden, built on small rocky
ialanda, iu Uie gulfof Finland, 3 ra, from Helsing
fors, Svenborg, seaport, Denmark, in the island of
Funen, 22 m, S, S, E, Odensee, Lon, 10° 37' E,
Lat 56° ff N,
Saes, t Egypt, on a point of land, in the form
ol a peninsula, on the W, coaat of the Red sea,
D'AuvUle aupposea tfaat here atood the ancient
Arsinoe, It ia not surrounded with walla; but
the faouses are built so closely together, that there
are only two passages into the city, of which that
nearest to the sea ia open, the other shut by a very

S U I
iosniBcient gate. Fish is the only article of pro
vision plentiful here. The only water fit for
drinking comea from the wells of Naba, raore than
6 miles from Suez. Several vessela are annually
employed in the navigation between this port Erad
Jidda. The coramerce of Cairo with Suez is
carried on by means of cBuravsraa. 60 m. E. S. E.
Cairo. Lon. 32° 26' E. Lat SO" N.
Sufange ul Bahri, narrow ial. in the Red sea,
near the coast of Egypt. Lon. 33° 56' E. Lat.
27° N.
Sufferdam, or Suferdan, t. Hind, on the cosist of
Concan, 15 m. S. Choule.
Suffield, g-t Hartford co. Ct. on the W. side of
Connecticut river, 17 m. N. Hsirtford, 10 S.
Springfield, .Massachusetts. Pop. 2,680. It con
tains 3 churchea, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1
for Baptists.
Suffield, t Portage CO, Ohio, Ilm, S,W. Ra
venna. Pop. in 1816, 300,
Suffolk, county, Eng, bounded N, by Norfolk,
E. by the German sesi, S, by Eaaex, and W. by
Cambridgeshire, Area, about 800,000 acres.
Pc^. 234,21 1. Ipswich is the county town,
Suffolk, CO, Masa, comprises the towna of Boaton
and Chelsea, Pop. 34,381,
Suffolk, CO. N, Y. comprising tfae W, part of
Long Istand, Pop, 21,113; in 1820,24,756, Chief
town, River Head,
Suffolk, p-t and cap, Nansemond co. Va, on
Nanseraond river, wfaicfa is navigable to this place
for veasels of 260 tona, Suffolk containa a court
house and jsul, and about 50 houaea. 28 m. W. by
S. Portamouth, 83 E. S, E, Petersburg, 110 S, E,
Richmond. Sagar Creek, i. Pa. which runs into the E.
branch of the Suaquehannah. ^
Sugar Creek, t Stark co, Ohio, Pop, in 1819,
355, Sugar Creek, t Wayne co, Ofaio, 10 ra, E, Woos
ter, Pop. in 1819, 570,
Sugar Creek, t Green co. Ofaio,
Sugar Creek, r. Ofaio, which joins the Musking
um at New Philadelphia.
Sugar Loaf, cape on tfae W, coast of Africa,
Lat 12" 5' S,
Sugar Loa^, t Luzerne co. Pa,
Svgarkttf Point, cape on the W, coaat of tfae
northern ialand of New Zealand, Lon, 185° 8' W.
Lat29°ffS, Sugar River, r. N, H, which runa intothe Con
necticut at Claremont, It ia the outlet of Suna
pee lake.
Sugenhdm, t Germany, 20 ra. N. Anspach, 24
S, W. Baraberg, Lon, 10" 31' E, Lat 49" 4ff N.
Sugoully, t Hind, in Bahar, 10 m. E, S. E,
Bettiah. Lon. 84° 44' E, Lat 26° 43' N.
'^ugulmessa, or Sigilmessa, or Segilmessa, t Mo
rocco, cap, of a diatrict, and at one tirae cap, of a
kingdom to which it gave narae, now called Tafi
let. 72 m,E, Tafilet Lon, 3° 18' W, Lat 31°
26'N, Sk/i/o, t Gerraany, 7 ra. S, E, Sraalkalden.
Lon, 10" 58' E. Lat 50° 40' N. Pop. 6,100.
Suhlingen, t. Hanover, in the county of Hoya,
14 m. S, W. Hoya. Pop, 1,350.
Sujatpour, t. Hind, in Bengal, 62 m, N, E, Dac
ca, Lon, 91° 25' E. Lat 24° 20' N,
Sdjazk, t, Ruaaia, in Kajan, at the union ofthe
river Svijaga with the Volga, 20 ra, W, Kazan,
Lon, 48° 34' E. Lat 56° 46' N,
Suilliat, r, Eng. in Gloucester, which runs into
the Avon, near 'Tewkesbury,

S U L

715

Suilly, small isl, in the Briatol channel, near
the coastof Walea, Lou, 3" 11' W, Lat, 51"
2ffN. Suippe, t. France, in Marne, on a river of the
aame narae, 15 m, W, St. Menehould, 12 N, Cha
lona sur Marne,
Suippe, r. France, which runs into the Aisne,
6 m. N. E, Roucy,
Suir, r. Russia, which forraa a coramunication
between lakes Ladoga and Onezskoe,
Swire, r. Ireland, wfaicfa runs into the sea in
Waterford harbor.
Sukana, or Sukna, I, Syria, 140 ra, S, S, E, Alep
po. Sulau, or Zulauf, t Silesia, 17 m. N. N. W,
Oels, 18 N,E, Wohlau, Lon, 17° IffE, Lat, 51°
30' N. Pop. 920,
Suldingen, r. Germany, which runs into the
Weser, 4 m. S, Bafarenburg.
Sulen, r. Germany, which runs into the Rhine,
7 ra, above Cologne,
Sulen Islands, amall islands near the coaat of
Norway, Lon. 4° 4ff E. Lat 61" ff N.
Suliago, or Suriaga, islands in the Pacific ocean,
Lon, 125° 27' to 128° Sff E, Lat, 9° 24' to 10"
32' N,
Suliago, isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon, 126° 27'
E. Lat 9° 27' N,
Suliskar, or Barji, smaU isl, in the North aea, 45
ra. frora the N, W. part of Scotiand, Lon, 5° Sff
W. Lat 68° 44' N,
Sullane, r. Ireland, whicfa runs into the Lee, 15
ra, W, Cork,
SuUivan, p-t Hancock co. Maine, on French-
raan's bay, 30 ra, E, Castine,
Sullivan, t Cheshire co, N, H. 35 m. S.W,
Concord, Pop. 516.
Sullivan, co. N. Y. inclosed by the countiea of
Delaware, Ulster, and Orange, and by Delaware
river. Pop. 6,108, Chief town, Thorapaon,
Sullivan, p-t Madison co. N, Y, on Oneida lake.
Pop, 1,974, In this town is abundance of gyp
sura, Sullivan, co. East Tennessee, on Holston river.
Pop. 6,847, including 773 slaves. Chief town,
Blountsville, Sullivan, co. Indiana, on tfae Wabash, Chief
town, Fort Harrison.
Sullivan Island, small isl, on the N, side of
Charleston harbor, 6 ra, below the city, II is
much resorted to by the citizena of Charleston
during the suramer months.
Sulm, or Sulmbach, r. Germany, which runa
into the Necksir near Neckar's Ulm.
Sulmona, t. IJaplea, in Abruzzo Citra, the aee
ofa bisfaop. 21 m. S. Civita Cfaieta, 72 N. Naples.
Lon. 13° 69' E. Lat 42° ff N. Pop. 6,000.
Sulphur Island, isl. in the Pacific ocean, 6 mfles
long. Lon! 141° 12' E. Lat 24° 48' N.
Sulphur Spring, r. N. Y. whicfa joins Tonne
wanta creek in Clarence, Niagara co.
Sultan Hisar, I. A. Turkey, in Natolia, once a
strong place, 62 ra. S. E. Milets, 23 E, Sclavonia.
Lon, 28° 4' E. Lat. 37° 51' N.
Sultanabad, circar, Bengal, bounded N, by
Rajeraal and Awraore, E. by Raujesfay, S, by Bir-
boora, and W, by Birboom and Hendooa,
Sultania, t, Persia, in Irak, forraerly one of the
largest cities in Asia. The streets are now de
serted, and the inhabitants scarcely amount lo
6,000, 250 m. N. N, W, Ispahan. Lon. 48° 26' E,
Lat, 36° 2ff N,
Sullanpour, t. Hind, in Lahore, 62m,S, E, La-

tie

S U M

hore, 228 N. W. DeUii. Lon. 73° 50' E. Lat 30°
25'N. Sullanpour, t. Hind, in Oude, 50 m, N, Allaha
bad, 32 S, Fyzabad, Lon, 82° 24' E, Lat 26" Iff N,
Suite, or Sulge, t, Mecklcnburgh-Scfawerin, with
some salt works. 23 m, E. Rostock, Lon. 12" 40'
E, Lat 54° ff N, Pop, 1,600,
Sultzburg, t, Baden, 20 ra, N, N, E. Bale,
Suis, t, Wurteraberg, near tfae Neckar, witfa salt
works, 12 ra, S, E, Freudenstadt, 12 N, Roth-
weU. Lon, 8° 40' E, Lat. 48° Iff N, Pop, 2,200,
Suiza, t. Saxe-Weimar, onthe Ilm, 14m. N,E,
Weimar, 9 S, E. Naumburg, Lon, 11° 42' E, Lat,
61° ffN,
Sulsbach, t. Bavaria, 48 m, N, N, E. Ingolatadt,
35 N, N, W, Ratisbon, Lou, 11" 4ff E, Lat 49°
SO' N, Pop, 3,200.
Sulsburg, Ober, t and citadel, Bavaria, 29 m.
W. N. W. Ratisbon, 2 S, E. Freyenstalt Lon. 11°
20' E. Lat. 49" 8' N.
Sumany Town, p-t Montgomery co. Pa. 33 -ra.
N. W. Philadelphia.
Samasinta, r. Mexico, wfaicfa runs into tfae bay
of Campeachy. Lon. 92"40' W, Lat 18"2ffN,
Sumatra, a Isirge ial, iu the E. Indian sea, and
moat weaterly of those called the Islands of Sunda,
about 700 rafles long from N. W. lo S. E. and 180
broad. The equinoxial line passes nearly through
the cenfre. Il ia separated from the continent of
Aaia by the straits of Malacca, and by tfae strsuts
of Sunda, from the island of Java on the S. A
ridge of raountains extends through ils whole
length. Mount Opfair, tfae faigfaest summit, 13,482
feet above tfae level of tfae sea. Between these
mountaina are extenaive plaina, conaiderably ele
vated above the level of the ocean, which are the
beat cultivated and most populous parts ofthe isl
and. The heal of the cliraate is not so great as
might be expected ; the thermometer at the most
sultry hoiH- generaUy fluctuating between 82° and
83° ; at sun-rise it is uaually as low as 70°. The
soil ofthe island is generally a stiff reddish clay,
covered w^ith a stratum or layer of black mould of
no great deptfa. On thia is naturally a sfrong and
perpetual verdure. For msray agea Sumatra has
been famoua for ils gold, wfaicfa seems at present,
faowever, nearly exhausted. There are also mines
of copper, iron and tin, salpetre, sulphur, coal,
ivory, coffee, cotton, betel-nuts, tobacco, rice,
cotton, and especially pepper, are also among the
productions of tfae ialand. The religion is pagan
ism, and the inhabitants are cannibala. In 1818,
a Baptist missionary established himself iu this
island, with a printing preaa.
Sumbava. See Cumbava.
Sumbul, t. Hind, and cap. of a district in Oude,
45 m. W. N. W. Bereilly, 65 E. Delhi. Lon. 78°
55' E. Lat 28° SO'N.
Sumbulpour, or Sumelpour, t. Hind, and cap. of
a circar in Oriaaa, 144 ra. W. N. W. Caltaclc, 280
W. Calcutta. Lon. 83° 40' E. Lat 21° 25' N.
Sumene, t France, in Gard, 4 ra, E, Le Vigan,
18 S,W, Alais.
Sumi, t. Russia, in Charkov, 68 m, N, N, W,
Charkov, Lon, 3,5° 4'E, Lat 50° 54' N,
Summaro, small isl, in the Baltic, S, E, of Aland,
Lon, 20° ff E, Lat 59" 58' N,
Summerfield, p-t Guilford co, N, C,
Summei-kiaum, t Birmah, on the Irawuddy, 60
ni, S, S. W, Ava,
Summers Islands. See Bermuda.
Summit, t. Schoharie co, N, Y,
Sumner, p-t, Oxford co, Maine, 6 m, N. E, Pa
ris. Pop. 611.

SUN
Sumner, co. West Tennessee, on the N, side of
Curaberland river. Pop, 13,792, including 3,734
atavea. Chief town, Gallatiu.
Sumpter, district, S, C, Pop, 19,054, including
11,638 alavea.
Sumptersvilk, p-t, Claremont co. S, C, Lode-
bar academy ia 10 milea from tfais place.
Sumrah, t Syria, 18ra,N. E, TripoU.
Sunapee, lake, N. H. on the borders of Hills
borough and Cheshire counties, 11 railea long, and
Ii wide, and discharges its waters througfa Sugar
river into the Connecticut. It is on the height of
land between the waters of the Connecticut and
those of tfae Merrimack. It ia in contemplation to
connect tfaese two rivers by a canal from the
Merriraack to tfais lake.
Sunbury, v. Eng. in Middlesex, on tfae Thames ;
16ra,W. S.W. London.
Sunbury, co. New Brunswick, on the bay of
Fundy, al the raouth of St Johns river, bounded
N. W. by York co. N. E. by Northumberland co.
S. E. by Queen's co. and S. W, by Charlotte co.
Sunbury, bor. p-t, smd cap, Northumberland co.
Pa. on the E. side of Susquehannsifa river, just be
low the junction ofthe E. and W. branches, 2 m,
S, of Northumberland, 56 N, Harrisbuig, It is
regularly laid out, smd contains a court-house,
jail, Presbyteriara, and Lutheran cfaurch. Fop.
790. Sunbury, p-t Gates co, N. C.
Sunbury, p-t, and port of entry. Liberty co,
Geo. belween Midway and Newport rivers, at the
head of Sl. Catherine's sound, 40 m. S. Savannah,
ll ia a pleasant and healtfay place, and ia resorted
to in the suraraer raonths by the plsmtera of the
adjacent country. In 1788, an academy waa es-
tabli|faed here, which ia a flourishing and highly
respectable institution. The aversige number of
students ia 100,
Sunbury, p-t Delaware co. Ohio,
Suncook, r. N, H, which joins the E. aide ofthe
Merriraack, in Allenstown, 7 m, below Concord,
Sunda Islands, a name given lo several ialands
in the E. Indian sea, of which Sumatra, Borneo,
and Java are the chief.
Sunda, (Straits of) a strait ofthe E. Indian sea,
between the islands of Sumatra and Javsu
Sundal, t. Norway, in Drontheim, on the Dri-
va, 66 ra. S, S, W, Drontheim,
Sundeep, or Sundira, isl, at the mouth of the
Burrampooter, about 100 miles in circumference.
Lon. 9 1" 33' E. Lat22"2ffN.
Sunderbunds, a large tract of country of Hin-
doostau, intersected by the Mouths ofthe Ganges,
in the S, part of the country of Bengal, It is com
pletely enveloped in woods, and infested with ty-
gera. Here asdl is made in quantiti'es equal to the
the whole consumption of Bengal and its depen
dencies, Sunderdoo, small isl. in the Indian sea, near the
cosist of Hindoostan, 36 ra, N. N, W, Goa, Lon,
73"2ffE, Lat 16° ffN,
Sunderhamn. See Soderhamn.
Sunderkiaping, See Soderkioping.
Sunderlo-nd, seaport, Eng, in Durham, at the
mouth ofthe Wesir, 'The harbour ia loo ahallow
for large vessels. It has been greaUy enriched by
the coal trade and its salt pans, 13 ra. N. E, Dur
ham, 270 N. London, Lon, 1° 22' W, Lat 54° Sff
N, Pop, 12,289,
Sunderland, t. Bennington co, Vt, 15 m. N, E,
Bennington, Pop, 575,
Sunderland, p-t, Franklin co. Masa. on the E,

SUP

SUR

ni

side of Connecticut river, 8 m, below Greenfield,
Pop, 551,
Sunderland Point, cape, Eng, at tfae month of
the river Lune, 5 m, S, S, W, Lancaster,
Sunderland Point, cape, Eng, in the German
sea, Lon, 1"44' W, Lat, 62° 27' N,
Sundersha-usen. See Sondersho'usen.
Sundiva. See Sundeep.
Sundsio, t Sweden, in Jamtismd, 10 m. S. S. E.
Ostersund. Sundi, province of Africa, in Congo, on tbe
river Zaire.
Sundswall, seaport, Sweden, in Medelpad, on
the gulf of Bothnia, 20 m. S, Hernosand, 185 N,
Stockholm. Lon. 17° 5' E, Lat 62" 47' N,
Sunerampour, t, Bengal, 40 m, N, E, Dacca,
Lon. 91" 9' E, Lat 24° 2'N,
Sunergong, or Sunnergoum, or Sanergong, t,
Bengal, on one of the branches of the Burrampoo
ter, 14 m, S, E, Dacca,
Sunfish, t Pike co, Ohio, on the Sciotoj 4 m,
below Piketon.
Sunfish Creek, r. Ohio, which runs into the
Ohio, 30 m, below WheeUng.
Sunk Istand, isl. Eng. on the river Humber,
about 2 miles long. 10 m. N. W, Spurn Head.
Sunkar, r. Hind, wfaicfa runs into the bay of Ben
gal, in lon, 90° Sff E, lat 22° ff N,
Simkersur, t Hind, in Bafaar, 38 ra, N, Hajy-
pour, Lon. 85° 25' E. Lat 26° ff N.
Sunnanskar, amall ial. ou tfae E. aide of tfae gulf
of BoUmia. Lon. 21° 8'E. Lat61°2ffN.
Sunnoul, t. Hind, in Bahar, 13 m. S. Bettiah.
Lon. 84° 49' E. Lat, 26° SffN.
Sunning, v. Eng. on both aidea of the Thames,
partiy in Berksfaire, aud partly in Oxfordsfaire, 6
m. E. Reading, 35 W. London.
Sunning-Hill, v. Eng. in Berksfaire, 8 m, E,
Wokingfaara, 24 W, London,
Superga, or Supergue, a religious foundation of
Piedraont, ou a high faill, 3 m. N. N, E, Turin.
Superior, Lake, the largest lake in N, Araerica,
and suppoaed to be the largeat body of freafa water
on tfae globe, lies on the boundary Une between
the U, States and the British poaaeasions, and ex
tends from 84" 4ff to 92° W. lon, and from 46° 30'
to 49° N, lat. Its greatest length from E, to W,
ia 490 mfles, and its circumference 1,700, It hsis
a number of large and well wooded ialanda, tfae
principal of whicfa are Maurepaa, Pfaillipeaux, the
island of Yellow Sanda, and Isle Royal, the last of
whicfa is said to be 100 miles long, and 40 broad.
The country on the north and eaat of lake Supe
rior is said lo be mountainous and barren, and the
coasts are an embankment of rock from 300 to
1,500 feet higfa, Tfae southern cosist is very ele
vated, in some placea sandy, but generally rocky
and alerile, yet abounding witfa copper, iron and
lead, which promise lo becorae iraportant items in
tfae future commerce of the country. It is dan
gerous of navigation, being subject to fogs, mists,
aud storms, whicfa often prove dissislrous to ca
noes ; yet it presents two faarbours for vessels
whicfa are rarely equalled ; viz. Grand Iale and
Chegoimegon bay ; the forraer being perhaps the
n^st capacious, deep, and corapletely land-locked
of any in, America, The lake abounds witfa fish,
and aome of the trout weigh 50 pounds, but it ia
notafavouriteresort of water fowl. The waters
ofthe lake are diacharged al its S, E, corner,
through the atraita of St. Mary into lake Huron.
Supino, t. Naples, 13 m, S. S, E. Moliae,
Supply' s Paifttge, channel ofthe Pacific ocean,

between Sirius island and Queen Charlotte'a ial
and, Sur, or Sour, t. Syria, in the Pachalic of Saida,
or Acre, the reraaina ofthe ancient and celebrated
Tyre, on a peninaula which projecta from the
ahore into tfae sea, in tfae form of a raallel with an
ovsd head. This head is a solid rock, covered with
a brown cultivable earth, which forms a small
plsun of about 800 paces long by 400 broad. Tyre
waa founded by the Sidonians, even prior lo the
time of Joahua. It was comprehended in the
tribe of Asher, tfaough the Israelites were never
completely masters of it. There were two cities,
the oldest of which was called Paleetyrus, and tfae
otfaer simply Tyre. The former was on the con
tinent, smd the other on an island. Nebuchadnez
zar took it, and destroyed il; but it ia not known
whether the city razed by that prince was Palee
tyrus, or the new Tyre. The prophets had fore
told its destruction and revival ; but aa Ezekiel faad
expressly announced that the ancient city would
never rise from its ruins, the most judicious writ
ers agree in thinking that tfae total destruction of
Tyre concerned the first, and its revival the sec
ond. However this may be, this aecdnd Tyre con
tinued to be fsunoua, and celebrateii by ita naviga
tion and commerce. Syria and Phoenicia had
been aome tirae under the power of Alexander tfae
Great, when he made preparationa for the con
quest of this place. Built in an island, it wsis sep
arated frora the continent by au arm of the aea
half a raile broad. The conqueror raade seversd
unsuccessful attempts to take it ; but he at length
determined to fill up the strait, and unite tfae isl
and to tfae continent, Tfae city was taken in the
seventh month after it had been besieged. The
sacred scriptures reckon amongst the nuraber of
the illustrious men of Tyre, king Hiram, the
friend of David and Solomon, who granted the ce
dars of Lebanon for building, the Temple of Jeru
aalem. Two fsimoua councila were held at Tyre :
the first in 335, the other in 448, It now con
tains about 3,600 infaabitanta. Relics of ancient
Tyre are every wfaere to be seen. Numerous
and beautiful columns lie along the beach, or faalf
buried in the aand, and tfae broken aqueduct and
otfaer ruina appear in its vicinity. 18 ra, S, S, W,
Saida, 80 N, Jeruaalera, Lon. 35° IffE, Lat 33°
13' N,
Sura, t A, Turkey, in Diarbekir, on tfae Eu
phrates, 66 m. S. Rahabefa,
SMra, I, Arabian Irak, on tfae Euphratea, 150 m,
N, N, W;< Bassora, 160 S, Bagdad,
Sura, I. Norway, in Drontheim, which runa in
to the NortWsea, opposite Christiansand.
Sura, r. Russia, wfaicfa runs into tfae Volga, near
VasU, Surajepour, t. Hind, in Oude, on tfae Gangea,
25 m, N, N, W. Furruckabad,
Suran, r. Ruasia, whicfa runs into tfae Viatka,
32 m, N, E, Sclobodskoi.
S«ra/, city. Hind, in Guzerat, in a large and
fertile plain, on tfae S, bank of tfae Taptee, On
tfae land side it is encorapaaaed witfa two brick
walls, whicfa divide il into tfae Inner and the Out
er Town, The citadel standa within the inner,
on the shore of tfae Taptee, and ia divided by
trencfacs from the town. The squares are large,
and the streets spacious. Ships cannot enter the
harbour, because the Taptee is full of sand-banks.
A large portion ofthe inhabitants are Moors, that
ia Arabs, Persians, Monguls, and Turks, profess
ing Mahomedanism, but retsdning some Pagan

718

SUR

rites. All people of diatinction speak and write
the Peraian language, Snrat ia celebrated as the
port whence the Mafaomedans of India embark on
their pilgrimage to Mecca, The great trade car
ried on at Surat renders it the atore-faouse of tfae
moat precioua productiona of Hindooatan, Hitfaer
is brought from the interior an imraenae quantity
of goods, which the mercfaants carry in their ahipa
to the Arabic gulf, the Peraian gulf, the coaat of
Malabar, the coaat of Coromandel, and even to
Cfaina, The provincea ne-ar thia city are full of
raanufactures of all aorta. There are 3 Engliah
miaaionaries here, with a printing- establishment,
and the printing of the New Teatament in tfae Gu-
zeralte language faaa commenced, 1 12 m, S- Ame-
dabad, 200 W, N, W, Aurungabad, Lon, 72° 49'
E, Lat 21" 12' N, Pop, eatiraated at 500,000,
Surat Passage, channel of the E, Indian Sea,
between the N, part of Sumatra, and Stony laland,
Lat 6° 32' N,
Surazsk, t. Russia, in Novgorod Sieverskoi, 72
m, N. N. W. Novgorod Sieverskoi. Lon, 32° 22'
E, Lat 54° N.
Suren, r, Switz, which runs from the lake of
Serapach, into tfae Aar, 2 ra. N, E, Arau,
Surgooja, t. Hind, and capitsd of a circar, in
Orissa, 180 ra, S. S. W. Patna, 276 W, Calcutta,
Lon, 83° 31' E, Lat 23° ff N,
Surguinesvilk, p-v. Hawkins co. Tennessee.
Surgut, t Russia, in Tobolsk, on tfae Oby, 284
m, N, N, E, Tobolak, Lon, 73° 14' E, Lat 61°
22' N,
Surinam, oountry, S. America, and part of Gui
ana, bounded N. by the Atlantic, E. by tfae river
Maroni, S. by a country of Indians, and W, by tfae
river Corentyn ; about 150 m. from E. lo W, and
60 from N. to S. The principal rivera are the
Surinam, from wfaicfa tfae colony takea its name,
tfae Corentyn, tfae Copename, the Seraraica, and
the Marawina. The first only ia navigable, Tfae
. banks of all the rivera are inhabited by Europe
ans, smd planted with augar, cocoa, cotton, and
indigo. 'Though aituated, like Guinea, under tfae
torrid zone, tfae faeats are raucfa raore supportable
tfasm tfaose on that part of the African coast The
scorching rays of the sun are daily lerapered by
cooling breezes frora the aea. In general, tfae aoil
ia abundantly fruitful ; the earth during tfae wfaole
of the year ia adorned with continual verdure, tfae
trees loaded al the same time with blossoms and
ripe fruit, and the whole presenting to tfae view
the delightfuh union of spring and summer. The
principal anim-als of prey are tigerS; apes are
abundant, as likewise parrots, scorpions, a great
variety of insects and serpents of an amazing aize.
The rivera abound with alligators, and in tfae Sur
inam, is found tfaat wonderful fish the electrical
eel. This colony is the only part of Soutii Araeri
ca, al present belonging to the Dutch, Pop,
6,000 whiles, and 75,000 slavea, Paramaribo ia
the chief town, Lon, 53° 40' to 56° 2ff W. Lat. 4°
4.5' to 6" N.
Surinam, i. S. Araerica, in Guiana, which af
ter a winding course of about 150 railea, from S.
to N, faUa into the AUantic Ocean in lat. 6° 25' N,
lon, 66° 40' W. It ia navigable for large vessels,
above 90 milea,
Swtmj, or Sorae, isl, off the coast of Norway, 44
milea ling, and 8 broad, Lon, 22° 14' E, Lat, 70°
34' N,
Surroopaur, circar, Bengal, bounded N, by
Rungpour, E. by Rungpour and Goragot, S, by

SUS
Goragot and Dinagepour, and W, by Dinagepour,
Shaumgungeia the chieftown,
Surry, county, Eng. bounded N, by the Thamea,
which divides it from Middleaex, E, by Kent, S,
by Suasex, W, by Hampshire, and N, W, by Berk
shire, Pop, 323,851,
Surry, co. Lower Canadsu
Surry, p-t. Hancock co. Maine, 18 m. N. E.
Caatine. Pop. 360.
Surry, t. Cheafaire co. N. H. 40 m. S, W, Con
cord. Pop, 564,
Surry, co. Va. on the S. side of James river,
bounded N, by Charles-city and James-city cos,
E, by Isle-of-Wigfat, Southampton aud Sussex cos.
and W. by Sussex and Prince George cos. Pop.
6,855, including 3,440 slavea. It contsuna a court-
houae and jail of brick, 8 churchea, 3 for Epiaco
palians, 3 for Methodiata and 2 for Baptists,
Surry, co. in the N, W. part of N, C. Pop,
10,366, including 1,469 slavea.
Sursee, t Switz, in Lucerne, 13 m, N, W. Lu
cerne, 26 E. Soleure, Lon. 7° 6ff E. Lat 47° 5' N,
Surseff, t. Africa, in Tunia, 8 m, W, El Medea,
38 E, Cairoan.
Sursaoty, fort. Hind. 114 ra. N. W. Delhi, Lon,
75° 3a E, Lat 29° Iff N,
Sursooty, r. Hind, in Guzerat, wfaich runs into
the Indian Sea, 40 ra. S. W. Junagur,
Sursooty, r. Hind, which joins the Caggar, 105
miles N, W. Delhi. This is one of the seven sa
cred rivers of the Hindoos.
Surtainville, a town of France, in the depart-'
ment of the Channel, 13 ra, W, Valognea, 12 S, S.
W. Cherburg,
Surunga, or Suisja, s-p. Japan, in the island of
Niphon, and the capital of a province ofthe same
narae, once the residence of tfae emperors. Ithas
now fallen to decay. 170 m. E. Meaco,
Sus, 1. Morocco, which runs into the Atlantic,
near Santa Cruz, It gives narae to a prorince
whicfa il bounds on the south,
Sur, or Sous, or Sus, country, Africa, in Mo
rocco, bounded E. by D<irah, S, by Nun, and W.
by the AUantic. Its wealth conaists io cattie,
caraels, indigo, alum, calamine, and red copper.
The principsd towns are Tarudant, and Aguadir,
Susa, t Africa, in Tunis, near the E. coast, one
of the most conaiderable towns ofthe Tuniseans,
24 ra. E. Cairoan, 54 S, Tunis, Lon, 10° ff E, Lat
35° 46' N,
Susa, t. Persia, in Chorasan, 130 m. S, E. Neisa-
bour, Lon. 59° 59' E. Lat, 36° 16' N,
Susa. See Tostar smd Suza.
Susannah, v. Clermont co. Ohio, on the Ohio
river, 12 m. W, WiUiamsburg. Pop. in 1815, 50.
Susounder, I. Hind, in Baihar, 35 m, W, S, W,
Arrah, Lon. 84° Iff E. Lat. 25° 22' N.
Susquehannah, river, one of the largeat riverain
tfae United Stales, is formed by the union of two
principal brancfaes, the eastern and western.
The Eastern branch rises in Otsego lake, (N. Y.)
and running S. W, receives tfae Tioga near the
Pennsylvania boundary. It then flows first S,-E,
and then S. V^, till it receives the Western branch
al Northumberland, after wfaicfa the course of the
river is first S, and then S, E, till it falla into the
head of Chesapeake bay nearthe N, E, corner of
Mai-yland, During the Isist 60 miles of its courae
Uie navigation ofthe river ia obstructed by an al
most continued series of rapids, bul further up, to
the union ofthe two branches, there is no obstruc
tion which cannot be surmounted at a moderate

S u z

SWA

719

expense. The navigation of the river ia good for
export trade, and immenae quantitiea of lumber
in the form of boarda, scantling, shingles, &c. con
tinually descend it to Ballimore,
Susquehannah, co. in the N, part of Pa, Chief
to'wn, Montrose,
Sussex, county, Eng, bounded N, by Surry and
Kent, N, E, by Kent, S, E. and S, by the English
Channel, and W, by Hampshire, Pop. 190,083.
Sussex, t. King's co. New Brunswick, on Ken
nebecasis bay.
Sussex, CO. N, J, bounded N, E, by New-York,
N, W, by Delaware river wfaich aeparatea it from
Pennaylvsmia, S, E, and S, by Bergen, Morria, and
Hunterdon countiea. Pop, 25,549, Chief town,
Newtown, SMsse,r, CO, Delaware, bounded N. by Kent co,
E. by Delaware bay and the Atlantic, S, and W,
by Maryland, Pop. 27,750, including 2,402 slaves.
Chief towns, Georgetown and Lewistown,
Sussex, CO. Va. bounded N. E. by Surry co, S,
E. by Southampton co. S, W, by Greenville co.
sind bv Dinwiddie and Prince George cos. Pop,
11,362, including 6,640 slaves. At the court
house is a post office,
Susser. See Tostar.
Sutalary, t Hind, in Bengal, 65 ra. S. Dacca.
Lon. 90° 19' E. Lat 22° 40' N.
Sutelege, or Setkge, or Sutlej, i: Hind, whicfa
rises in the mountsuna of Thibet and falla into tfae
Indua near Vefa,
Suter Point, cape, Eng. on tfae coast of Durham,
Lat, 5.5" 2' N.
Sutherland Paint, the S. poinl al tfae entrance
into Botany Bay, New Holland,
Sutherlandshire, county, Scotland, bounded W,
and N. by the aea, E, by the county of Caithnesa,
S, E, by the Fritfa of Domoch, and S. and S, W, by
the county of Ross. Pop, 23,629,
Suthiali, t. Abascia, on the Black Sea, 20 ra, S,
W. Mamak, Lon, 38° E. Lat 43° 21' N.
Sutlej. See Sutdege.
Sutors, the two capes al the entrance of the bay
of Cromarty, ScoUand, IJ miles apart,
Sutri, t. Popedom, the see ofa bishop, 22 m, N,
W. Rorae, 12 S. Viterbo. Lon. 12" 16' E, Lat
42" Iff N,
Sutton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 4 ra, N. Hull,
Sutton, t. Eng. in Cheshire, 2 m. from Stockport,
Sutton, t Bedford co. Lower Canada, S, E.
Montreal, Pop, 1,200,
Sutton, p-t HiUsborough co. N. H. 20 m. N, W.
Concord, Pop, 1,328.
Sultan, Vt. See Billimead.
Sutton, p-t. Worcester co. Masa 9 m, S. Worces
ter, Pop. 2,660. See Millbury.
Sultan in Ashfield, t. Eng. in Nottinghamahire,
3 m.S,W, Mansfield.
Sutton Cekfidd, t. Eng. in Warwick, 7 ra, N,
Birmingham, 111 N, W. London, Lon, 1° 48' W.
Lat. 52" 34' N,
Sutton St. Mary, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 5 ra.
E. Holbeach.
Suwarrow Islands, cluater of araall ialands in tfae
S. Pacific Ocean, discovered in 1814, by the com
mander of a Russian sfaip. Tfaey are uninfaabit
ed, Lat, 13" Iff 16" S. Lon. 163° 31' 4" W. being
about midway between Navigator's and the So
ciety islands.
Suza, city, Piedmont, on the river Dora Ripa-
ria, at the foot of the Alps, anciently called Secu-
sium, or Segusium, or Segussina. Il has frequent
ly been sacked by armies which have passed and

repassed from France into Italy : being situated
on the frontiers of France and Savoy. It ia at
preaent amall and poor, with single walls, but de
fended by a citadel with a atrong garriaon, 23 m,
W, N, W, Turin, 19 N. E. Briancon. Lon. 7°
Iff E. Lat 46° 8' N.
Suzdal, t. Rusaia, in Vladimir, on the Nerl,
the see ofa bishop, 24 m, N, N, E- Vladimir, Lon,
40° 44' E, Lat, 56° 16' N,
Suze, i: Switz, which runs into the lake of Bi
enne, 1 ra. below Bienne,
Swabia, formerly a circle of Germany, bounded
N, by the palatinate ofthe Rhine and Franconia,
E, by Bavaria, S, by Switzerland, the Lake of
Constance, and the Tyrolese, and W, by France,
Swaffham, t. Eng, in Norfolk, 15 m, S, E, Lynn,
94 N, N, E. London. Lon, 0°41' E, Lat. 52°'3ff N,
Swok, (East and West,) the two brancfaes of tfae
Medway ; the East Swale branches off lo the
rigfat, and runs S, lo the island of Sheppey, and
joins tfae Tharaes, below Shelness, The West
Swail, or main stream proceeda due N, and joina
the Thames at Sheerneas.
Swak, r. Eng, in Yorkshire, which runs intothe
Ouae, near Boroughbridge,
Swallow Harbor, harbor in the straits of Magel
lan, on the coast of Terra del Fuego. Lon, 74°
36'W.Lat53°2ffN, Swallow Island, one of tfaose called Queere Char
lotte's Islands, about six leaguea in length. Lon,
165° 68' E, Lat. 10° ff S.
Swallow Point, cape on the N. coast of the isl
and of Egraont Lon. 164° 26' E. Lat 10° 42' S,
Swalley, s-p. Hind, on the coast of the Gulf of
Cambaya, 16 m. W, Surat Lon. 72° 32' E, Lat
21° Iff N.
Swalm, I. Netherlands, wfaicfa runs into tfae
Meuse, 5 m. below Ruremond.
Swamscol. See Exeter river.
Swan, t Hancock co, Msune, 15 m, N, W, Cas
tine, Swan Island, Maine, dividea the watera of Ken
nebeck river from the chopa of Merrymeeling
bay. It ia 7 milea long, and has a navigable chan
nel on both sides,
Swannage, or Swanwich, v. Eng. in Dorset, at
the S. E. extremity of the Isle of Purbeck, 6 m, S,
W, Corf Castie, 122 W. London, Lon, 2° 4' W.
Lat 50° 34' N,
Sloan river, r. N, America, whicfa runa into Lit
tle Winnipec Lake. It is navigable to tfae fort, 12
railes from its moulfa.
Swan river, r. N. America, which runs into the
E. side of the Mississippi. It risea in Swan lake,
and ia about 90 railes long,
Swansborough, p-t, and cap, Onslow co, N. C.
on While Oak river, 40 m. S. W. Newbern, Pop.
100, Swansea, t. Wales, in Glaraorgan co, situated
on a bay in the Bristol Channel, at the mouth of
the Tawy, for whicfa reason il is caUed Aber-Tau.
The inhabitants carry on a considerable trade in
coals, pottery, and smelting of copper and lead
ores. Pop, 6,099. 55 m. E. Haverfordwest, 205
W, London, Lon, 3° 6ff W, Lat 51" 43' N.
Swonsey, p-t. Cheshire co. N. H, 44 m, S. W-
Concord,' Pop. 1,400.
Swonsey, p-t. Bristol co. Mass. 16 m, S, Taunton.
Pop, 1,839,
Swontan, t, Franklin co, Vt, on Lake Cham
plain, 28 m, N. Burlington, Pop, 1,657,
Swantown, t. Kent co. Md, 3 m. S, E. George
town.

720

S W E

s r B

SwanviUe, t, Hancock co, Msune, on the W.
side of Penobscot river,
Swartsluys, fortreas, Netherlanda, on the river
Vecht, 28 ra, W, Covorden, 33 N, Zutphen,
Swatara, r. Pa, which runa into the Suaquehan
nah at Middletown,
Swatara, t. Dauphin co. Pa. Pop. 2,291.
Sweasysvilk, p-t. Adams co, Misaisaippi,
Sweden, country, Europe, bounded N, by Nor
wegian Lapland, E, by Russia, the gulfof Bothnia
and the Baltic, S, by the Baltic, and W. by tfae
Scaggerac and Norway. In 1800, Sweden con
tained 288,160 sq, miles, and 3,182,139 inhabit
ants. In 1808, Finland, containing 99,627 sq,
miles and 834,838 inhabitanta was ceded to Rus
aia, In 1814, Norway, with 161,000 sq. miles and
930,000 infaabitants was added, making tfae whole
extent of the Swedish dorainions at present inclu
ding Norway, about 350,000 square milea, aud
the population, 3,300,000, Tfae estabUshed reli
gion of Sweden is Lutheran, The revenue wsis
stated by Hassel in 1809, al $6,660,000, and the
debt at about $14,500,000, Tfae navy in 1808,
consisted of 20 sfaips of tfae line, 16 frigates, and 22
smaller vesaela, manned by 1,500 marines and
7,200 seamen. The army in 1808, conaiated of
43,275 men, II is situated belween 10" srad 25°
E, lon. and 56" and 70° N. lat, Tfae winter is
long, dry, and exceedingly cold ; tfae aummer
sfaort and hot, Tfae Swedea experience a rapid
change frora tfae former of tfaese seasons lo the lat
ter ; spring and autumn being alraoat unknown.
During the long nights of winter, tfae moon, the
aurora borealis, and tfae reflection of tfae snow,
produce a mild and agreeable light. In summer,
tfae sun remains so long above tfae horizon, that
tfae nigfat conaists only of a slight twilight Tfae
pure and afaarp air whicfa tiie Swedes breathe,
rendera them vigoroua, and' preaervea tfaera from
epidemical diaeaaea, 'They often attain to a very
great age, Tfae pine and tfae fir are the principal
foreat-treea, Sweden ia ricfa in iron and copper,
and has abundance of lead, raarble, alum, lime
stone, coal, vitriol, curious petrifactions, porphy
ry, araethysta, loadatone, slate, talc, quiclcsilver,
sulphur, raolher of pearl, and in sorae placea
silver. The aoil of the plains and vallies wfaich
lie between the faills and mountains, is very proper
for cultivation ; and coramerce and navigation
are greatly assisted by numerous rivers, bays, smd
lakes, Sweden, or Lavd, p-t, Oxford co, Maine, 20 ra,
S. W. Paris,
Sweden, t. Geneaee co, N, Y,
Swedesborough, p-t. Glouceater co. N, J, on Rac
coon creek, 3 ra, above its raoutfa, 20 S, Pfailadel
pfaia, Swedong, t. Burmah, on the left bank of tfae
Ava, 10 ra. N, E. Pegongmew,
Sweepstake's Foreland, cape in the Straits of
MageUan. Lon, 71" 24' W, Lat 52° 4ff S,
Sweet Springs, p-v, Monroe co, Va. 30 ra. E, by
N, Greenbriar, 93 W, Staunton, Tfae raineral
springs are much resorted to in the summer.
Sweet water creek, r, Kentucky, wfaich runs into
Bear creek,
Sweiny, t. Africa, in Dar Fur, 45 m, N, Cobbe,
Swetoe, small isl, in tfae Caapian Sea, aeparated
from the W, coaat by a narrow channel, called the
Straits qf Apsheron. Tfais island is the place in
wfaich black and dark grey uaphtha is chiefly
found. 25 m, E, Bachu.

Swelly, r. Ireland, in Donegal, which runa kto
the Foyle, 3 m, N, Lifford.
Swift, r, Eug, wfaicfa runs into the Avon, near
Rugby, in Warwickshire,
Swift, r. N. H, whicfa runs into Saco river, in
Conway, Swilly, smaU isl. 13 m, S. ofthe South Cape of
New Holland. Lon. 147° ff E. Lat. 43° 65' S,
Swindon, t, Eng. in Wiltshire, 10 m, N, Marl
borough, 84 W, London, Lon, 1° 48' W, Lat 51'
SffN. Swineshead, v. Eng, in Lincoln, 8 ra, E Sleaford,
Swinesund, t Norway, in Aggerhuus, 6 m, S,
W, Frederickshall,
Swineford, (King's,) t Eng, in Staflbrdahire, 4
ra. S. Wolverharapton,
iSunneford, (Old,) t Eng. in Worcestershire, 2
m. E. Stourbridge.
Surinton, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, on tfae Don, 9 m.
S. W. Doncaster, 165 N, London,
Swisserland, or Switzerland, or Hdvetia, coun
try, Europe, bounded N, by Bsulen and Wurlem
berg, E, by Austria, S. by Austrian Italy, S, W,
by Savoy, and N, W, by Frsince, It formerly
consisted of 13 cantona, viz. Berne, Zurich,
Bile,Schafffaauaen, Lucerne, Underwalden, Uri,
Schweitz, Friburg, Zug, Soleure, Claris and
Appenzel, In 1803, the constitution underwent
a conaiderable change, and tfae country was
forraed into 19 cantona. The new cantons were
Aargau, formed from a part of the canton of Berne,
Grisons, St Gall, Tesin, Thuigau and Vaud, In
1816 tfaree raore new cantons were added, riz,
Valais, Geneva and Neufchatel, making tbe pres
ent nuraber 22, Extent, 18,000 square mfles,
Switzerland, eapeciaUy in the aouth, is compos
ed of higfa raountsiina and deep vsdUea, interapersed
with beautiful lakea, and abounda with thewfldest
and raost picturesque scenery. The Alpa run
along tfae whole soutfaem boundary, and their
summits and ridgea are covered with glaciera or
fields of ice of vast extent and magnificence,
Theae immenae msiases often reach down the sides
of tfae mountains, even to tfae borders of tfae culti
vated vallies, and resting in an inclined position
sometiraes slide down the decUvity, and in a mo
ment overwhelm the viUages below.
The Swias are a people of simple manners, in
dustrious, brave, well educated, fond of Uberty,
and strongly attached to tfaeir counfry. Tfae pop
ulation is about 2,000,000. Tfae cantons are in
dependent republics, but for the common aecurity
united in a confederacy, governed by a general
diet The military force in 1809, was 15,023
men, and there were then from 20 to 30,000 Swiss
soldiers in foreign countries. In 1815, the cantons
raised au army of 30,000 men. "The inhabitants
are either Csdvinists or CathoUcs. The cantons
of Berne, Aargau, Bale, Schaffhausen, Zurich,
Vaud, Grisons, and three fourths of Glarus, two-
thirds of Appenzel, and Thurgau are Calviniatic ;
the rerasunder are Catholic.
Switzerland, co. Indisma, on Uie Ohio. Pop. in
1815,3,500. Chief town, Vevay. It was originally
settled by a corapsmy ol Swiss from the Pays de
Vaud in Switzerland. The inhabitants are exten
sively occupied in the culture of tfae vine. The
average proceeds of this culture are estimated at
250 gallons of wine per acre. See Vevay.
Swards, t Ireland, 7 m, N, Dublin,
Syberg, or Sieberg, t, Germany, at the conflu
ence of the Ruhr and Lenne, 3 m, S, W, Schwiert

TAB
SyfuBiead,, c^pefxu the W, coast of Irela«4) in
Kerryj 8 m, W. JBf, VV, Dingle, Loji, 10° Jff W,
Lat 52° 11' N,
Sycamore, t. Haraflton co, Ohio,
^anwme grajve, p-v, Meckienhui^ fo. Va,
Sydney Bay, bay on the S. coast of Norfolk jd-
9jid, in the Paciflc ocean. Loo, 16©° 2' JE,Xat 29"
5'N, Sydney Cove, a creek or barbpjar -within Port
JacksoB, on the E, coast'uf New Holland, TW '
town of Sidney on this cove is the capital of the
Britiah colony of New Soutfa Walea, Itis a flour
ishing aettlememtj containing 7,000 inhabitants, a
bank, witfa a capital of 20>0Q0i, and aever^ schools
and charitable inatitutions. 11 is perfoctly aeuure
from all winds, Lon, 150° 20' E. Lat, 32" 5ff «,
^ydimaia, t Syria, 12. ra. N. E. JOama^cus.
Syene, or Assuan, city, E^ypt, on the E. iside -qf
tfae Nile. In this town, situSited .under tfae tropic,
according to the report qfgtr-abu, awellwassunk
whidi flisirkjed ,the «umraer eotsticeji^d tfae day
was known wheu the stile of the sun-dial cast fio
^hade al noon : at that instant the vertical sun
darted bis jrays to the -bottom of rtjhe well, ^ud?his
image waa reflected on the water. iSyOue is at
preaent a miserable plaoe, withajsmsdhfopt The
remains of the ancientitown are on sm eminence
to the S. Columos and piUara pf granite acattered
here smd there denote its situation. Hereis^^n-
cient building, perliaps the observatory ofthe au-
oieut:Egyptiana. 375 m. S. Cairo. Lpu.fl9°48'
E. Lat 24° N.
Sylt, isl. Denmark, jn tfae Nori^fa sea, 12 m, from
the W. coast qf Sleswick, 40 mfles in oircumfer-
ence. Lon. 8° 2ff W, Lat, a° 20' E, Lat, 54" 55'N.
%!»«?, (sm, S^me,) smallisl, in tfae Grecian Ar-
^a&iiago. Lon, 27° 34' .E. Lat 36° 3ff N.
Symmes creek, r. Ohio, .srtlitii runs intothe
Ofaio, 3 m- below the raouth ofthe Guyandot
SffoderHead, cape, (Denmark, on the ,E. cpast
of Sleswick. Lon. 9° Sff E. Lat 55° 11' N.
Syra, ial. in the Greoian Arcfaipelago, 12 m. S.
Andros. Lou. ^° 32' E- Lat 37°'27' N.
Syracuse, s-p. Sicily, in the valley of Noto, and
iormerly a superb city, and 'flourishing eepublic ;
but war, tyranny, and earthquakes liave nearly de
stroyed it Of four grand quarters of which the
qity was composed, only one, Ortygisi, which was
tfae sraallest, now reraains ; tfae other parts are
fovered with ruins^ intermixed with vineyards,

? A B

in

fields, aud gardes, it is however th^e ^?* qf a
bishop, and has a good harbour. When Syracuse
was besieged by thp .Romans, under IVI^rcelJw?, it
was defended by the ingenuity of the celebrated
Archimedes, who .framed such engines pf WRr a^
quite disconcerted the measures of ,the Roii»ns ;
and to his genius alonp it jvsis owing, that tlie city
heldoiut nearly threp ,y<!ars against the .utuiost efr
forts of a consular array. 71 ni, S. Messina, 115 S.
E. Palettno. Lw. ilS" (14' E, Lat. 85° 5'N. Pojp.
17,000. ,S.j»-i;, 1. iSonjfay, which rises «ear the wounts-iij
Lang, runs throvigh the vale of Syre into the lake
of Luude, and pfterwarda d'schargea itself intp
tfae sea, 20,Bi. W. Syce.
Syria, proviueej A, Turkey, lying alopg the
leastem coast«f thje Mediter^ranean, and eixtending
E, to the desert of Arabia, Rliess between 31°
aud ,37" N., tat The country copyists , in a great
nPieas,u<;e,ofmouuta4^, which diatribute tbeinsel'Ves
;in various directions, from one leading Ijranch,
Syria unites differeAf cliraates under th^ samo
ffy, and poUects, within a narrow .qompass, pleas
ures and productiona, which nature;has elsewhere
.disperaed at.great distancea. It produces, wJheat,
rye, barley, toeans, and -the cotton plant ; indigo,
tobacco, -the qlive-tree, the white mulberry-tree,
and the vine, Syriais divided into fivegovernmentSj
or pachalics, viz,jthepachaUc.Qf Aleppo, T.ripolij
Diama^cus, Acre, and Palestine ; the wfhole qf
whicfa yields a revenue estimated at 312,500/.
sterling. All tfae truopa of the five pachaUca uni
ted amount lo no more than 5,700 men.
S^ton, t.Eng. in Leiceatei;ahire,i6 ra, N, N, E.
Leicester, Seaigen, (Island of Serpents,") .a^all isl, in the
Black sea, near tfae moulfa oi tfae Danube, Lou.
30",S4'vE.JLat45"2S'N. Szamaili, t. Eu, Turkey, iu Bessarabi% on the
.Dniester, 45 m, S, W, Bender,
Szeben, t. Hungary on tfae Tarejza, 30 m. N,
Caacfaau, 48 N, W, .Ungvar, Loji, 29° 49' E, Lat
49° N,
Szeben. See Her/manstodt.
Ssekely, or Szekely-hid, t, Hungary, 7 m, JJf , N.
W„St, Job, 18 E, S, E. iPebreczyn.
Sseksfitrd, t Hungary, on the Sarvitz, 18 ra, ¦??.
E, Funfkirchen,
Sselitee, t, Hungary, 5 ra. W, Chaaojiau*'

T.

Taap, Sec Tave.
Taaif, t Arabia, in Hedsjas, 60 in. S, E, Mecca,
Tadnoth shikh, in Sac, Geog, t Palestine, 10 m.
. E, Shechem,
Taas, or Taies, city of Arabia, in Yemen, 48 m,
E, N, E, Mocha, Lon, 44° Iff E, Lat 13° Sff N.
TiMsinge, jal, of .TXenm^rk, 16 miles in circum
ference, between the islajida of Funen ahdLaqge-
land, Lon, 10° 37' E, Lat, 55° N.
Taavdrry,. ial. on the E, side of.the-island of Ota
heite, Tab, r. Persia, which separates Chusistan from 91

Farsistan, and runs into the Persian gulf, near
Chintz, TaJa Iskmds, 4 sraall islanda near the E, oo^t
of Borneo, Lon, 118° 12' E, Lat 2° ff N.
Tobago, ial, in the Pacific ocean, near tfae coast
of Mexico, about 3 milea long and 2 broad. 1 8 ^u.
S.Panama, Lon, 80° ff W, Lat 8° 4ff N,
TabajarM, t, Africa, in Woolly, 12 m, W,S,"W.
Medina, Taballar Poini, cape on the E, coast of Bosnci),
.Lon, 117° 4'E, Lat 2° 12'N-

722

T A fi

TAF

Taiarea, t, Africa, in Tunis, at the mouth ofthe
Zainc, 60 m, N, W, Tunis,
Tambarca, or Tabaquer, iaL in the Mediterra
nean, near the coaat of Africa, at the mouth of the
Zaine, It ia defended by a small castle, Lon, 9"
18''E. Lat36°5ffN,
Tabaria, or Toberoyan, or Tabarieth, ancient
ly Tiberias, t, Palestine, on the W, bankof a lake,
called in the scriptures the -Lafce of Gennesareth,
or the Sea af Tiberias, and at the foot of a high
and sfaarp mountain, surrounded witfa waUs ex
cept towarda the water, Thia town waa long the
capital of GaUlee, and after tfae deatruction of Je
rusalem for some tirae tfae residence of tfae faigh-
priest. 16 m, S, Safad, 45 N. Jeruaalem,
Tabas Kileki, or Tabaskili, t. Persia, in Chora
san, 130 m. S, W, Herat, 290 E, Ispahan. Lon.
57" 50' E, Lat 33" N,
Tabasco, i, N, America, whicfa runs into the
bay of Campeacfay, Lon, 93° 40' W, Lat, 18° Iff N,
Tabasco, t. Mexico, and formerly capital of a
province to which it gives name, called also by the
Spaniards ^ue»Jra Sennora de la Vittoria. It
stands on an ialand, at the mouth ofthe river Gri-
jalva whicfa dividea itaelf, near tfae aea, into two
brancfaes, ofwhich the western falls into tfae river
Tabasco, Tfae ialand on wfaich the town of tfaat
name ia buflt, ia about 12 leagues long, and 2J
broad, Lon, 93° 4ff W. Lat 18° 20' N,
, Tobasseran, t. Persia, in Schirvan, 20 ra, W.
Derbend, Tabbojee, t, Africa, in Ncola, Lon, 11° ff W,
Lat. 13° 32' N,
Tabenne, isl, in the river Nile, between Dende
ra and the ruina ofthe ancient Thebes,
Taberg, I, Sweden, in Sraaland, 8 ra, S. Jonkio-
pmg, Tabernas, t Spain, in Grenada, 15 m, N, N, E,
Almeria, Tabinihintac, r. New Brunswick, which runs
into the aea on the N. E, coast, 9 m. from Mirarai-
chi river. Here is a thriving settleraent,
Tobias, one of the Philippine islands, about 26
miles long from N, to S, Lon, 121" 40' E. Lat 12"
SO' N,
Table Boy, bay of S, Africa, on tfae west coast,
formed by tfaree lofty mountains, Lon, 18° 16' E,
Lat 33° Sff S.
Table Island, small isl, near tfae coast of Spits
bergen, Lon, 20° Sff E, Lat. 80° 57: N,
Taft/e is/and, one of the New Hebrides, in the
Pacific ocean, Lon. 1 67° 7' E. Lat. 15° 38' S.
Table Island, small isl, in the E. Indian aea, near
the island of Paraguay, Lon 118° 2' E. Lat 9°
IffN. Table Island, amall ial, in Uie E. Indian sea, Lon,
93° 32' E, Lat, 14" ff N,
Table Mountain, raountain of Africa, near the
Cape of Good Hope,
Table mountain, in Pendleton district, S, C,
west of Saluda river, and 4 ra, from the N, boun
dary of tfae ftate, Il is 3,168 feet higher than the
surrounding country, and 4,300 above the level of
tfae sea. On one side is a perpendicular precipice
of solid rock 900 feet high,
Tablier, Le, t. France, in the departraent of the
Vendee, 6 m, S. S, E. La Roche sur Yon, 9 N, W,
Lucon, Tabo, t. Cooper co, Missouri,
Tobo Dune, s-p, Africa, on the Ivory coast, 90
m. from Cape Psilmas,
Taboo, t. Portugal, in Beira, on the Mondego, 9
m. S, Viseu.

Tabacana, t Africa, in Quoja, Lat, 5° 55' N.
Tdbaeuru, r. Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, in lon, 45° Sff W, Lat 2° 4ff S.
Taboga. See Tobago.
Taboo, t Africa, and cap, ofa country to the E
of tfae Sahara. Lon, 12° Iff E, Lat, 24" N,
Tabor, or Hradistie Hory Tabor, (i. e. The
Camp qf Mount Tabor,) t. Bohemia, By reaaon
of ita aituati'on on a mountain, and the river Luz-
nice, it ia naturally atrong, 10 m. N. E. Beehin,
28 S, Prague, Lon, 14° 2ff E, Lat 49° 27' N,
Pop, 3,226.
Tabor, mountsun, Paleatine, mentioned in Scrip
ture, 48 m, N. Jerusalem,
Tabris. See Tauris.
Tobuk. See Tahuk.
Tacdka, t. New Granada, at the conflux of the
Cauca and the Magdalena, 85 m. S, E, Carthage
na, 20 N, W, Mompox,
Tocames, or Atacames, a jurisdiction of New
Grenada, aituated N, of GuayaquU, and W. ofthe
.Andea, 7'acamas, a-p. New Grenada, ina bay of the Pa
cific ocean, to wfaicfa itgives name, 110m. N. W. .
Quito. Lon. 62° W. Lat. 0° 52" N.
Tacaszi, r. Africa, and, next to the Nile, the
targest in Abyssinia. It rises about 150 m. E.
Gondar, andjoins the Nile at Uak, in Nubia. Lat
17°4ffN. Tachan, sraall isl. in the Chinese sea, near the
coaatof Cochin-china. Lon. 109° 14' E. Lat 12"
SffN. Tachau, or Tachow, t Bohemia, 34 m. W. Pfl-
sen, 72 W. S. W. Prague. Lon. 12° 40° E. Lat
49° 47' N. Pop. 2,800.
Tackumbraet, (an. Siga, or Sigeum,) t Africa,
on the cosist of the Mediterranean, at the mouth
of the river Tafna, 44 m. S. W. Oran, 15 N, N, W,
Tlemsan. Lon. 0" 55' W. Lat 35" 30* N.
Tackramah, t. Africa, on tfae Gold coast Lon.
3° 10' W. Lat 4° 52' N.
Tacpoy, t. Tfaibet, srad capital of a district, 126
ra. S. e' Lassa, 152 N. N. W. Gfaergong. liOB.
92° 52' E. Lat 27° Sff N.
Tocsli, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Danube, near Kilisi, in Bessarabia.
Tademeri, t Hind, in Mysore, 100 m. N. E.
Chittledroog, 140 N. N, E. Seringapatam, Lon.
78° E. Lat 14° 35' N.
Todcaster, t Eng, in Yorksliire, on the river
Werf, 9 m. S, W, York, 188 N, London, Lon, I"
IffW, Lat5S°5ffN,
Tadivan, or Taduan, t Persia, in Parisian, 60
m. S, Schiraa
Tadmar. See Palmyra.
Tadousac, t Lower Canada, at tfae mouth ofthe
SEiguenay, on the left side of tfae river St Law-
ence, 100 m, N, E, Quebec, Lon, 69" 4ff W,
Lat. 48° 6' N,
Tadoun, or Tadivan, t A, Turkey, in Arme
nia, on tfae W. coast of the Lake of Van, 120 m.
S, S, E. Ercerum, 15 E, N, E, BeUis,
Tafale, r. Africa, wfaicfa runa into the sea, be
tween the rivers Senegal and Nunez,
Tbfalisga, t Africa, in Jaaga, al tfae union ofthe <
Falema with Uie Senegal, Lon, 10° 12' W. Lat
14° 42'N, '
Tafalla, t Spain, in Navarre, It haa an uni
versity. 15 m, N, W, Sanguesa, 15 S, Pamplona.
Lon, 1° 43' W, Lat 42° 36' N.
Tafara, t Africa, in Bambarra, on the Niger,
115ni. S.W, Sego,

T A H

T A L

723

TafidaUtt, t Africa, in Sahara, 200 in, N, Tom
buctoo, Lon. 2" Iff E. Lat. 1 9° 4ff N.
Ttrfiiet, kingdom, Africa, forming part of tfae
empire of Morocco. It extends along tfae E. side
of Mount AUas. Dalea constitute the wealth of
the people. The to^vn of Tafilet, after wfaicfa the
kingdom was named, is 140 m. E. S, E, Morocco,
Lou. 6" W. Lat 31" 2ff N.
Tafilet, r. Africa, wliich rises in Mount Atlas,
and loses itself in a lake, 140 m, S. Tafilet.
Tagtti, t. Russia, in Sirabirsk, 48 ra, W, Sim
birsk,"^ Lon, 47° E, Lat, 54° 20' N,
Taganrock, t. and fort, Rusaia, on the sea of
Azoph, 32 m. W. N, W. Azoph, The town is now
rapidly recovering from the ruined state in whicfa
it was left hy the rur,'cs, aud in 1808, contained
between 8,000 smd 10,000 inhabitants. It enjoys
great advantages for coramerce from tfae facility
of its communication with the interior, and is a
very importsint commerciEd port. The principal
articles of export are wheat, tallow, beea-wsix,
wool, faemp, wine, coal, isinglass, fish, hides, iron,
and canvass. In 1817, 387 vesaela aailed from Ta
ganrock with cargoes deatined to Conatantinople,
the Arcfaipelago, and tfae Mediterranean. "Tfae
inhabitants are from raany different nations,
Tagovost. See Tagaast.
Tagosee, t, Africa, 260 m, S, Mourzouk, Lon,
12° 55' E. Lat 23° 32' N.
Taghmon, t Ireland, in Wexford, 7 m, W.
Wexford, Tagiah, r. Algiers, which runs into the Medi-
ten;smean, 24 m. E. Oran.
Tagioura, t Africa, 10 m. E. TripoU.
Tagliocassa, t. Naples, in Abruzzo Ultra, 18 m.
S. W. Aquila, 33 E. N. E. Rome. Lon. 13" Iff E.
Lat 42° 4' N.
Tagaast, or Tagaast, or Tagovost, t Africa, in
Sus, 140 m. S. W. Morocco.
TagoUmde, ial. in the E. Indian aea. Lon. 125°
ffE. Lat 2° 18'N.
Tagou-Zainah, the towna of Taggafa and Zai-
nah, in Algiers, are cpnliguous towns. 50 m. S.
W. Constantia.
Tagua, t. Africa, 250 m. N. E. Bornou. Lon.
27°20' E.Lat 19° Iff N.
Tagus, or Tajo, r. Spain, which riaea in the
mountains of Molina, whicfa separate tfae kingdora
of Arragon from Old Castile, passes by Aranjuez
and Toledo, crosses Castile and|Eslremadura, and
enters Portugal at Montalvao, It then passes by
Abrantes, Santarem, &c, and runa into the Atlan
tic about 10 miles below Liabon, This river ia
navigafile but a little way above Liabon on ac
count of rocks, and its current ia broken by raany
cataracts. Tagypeel, small isl. near the N, E, cosiat of Bor
neo, Lon. 117° 54' E, Lat 6° 29' N.
Ta-hoorowa, one of the amaller Sandwich ial
ands, 9 m. frora the S. W. part of Mowee. Lon.
199°S0'E.Lat2l°4ffN. Tahpenes, in Sac. Geog. or Dapfcenc, frontier
town of Egypt, next to Syria.
TaAj-i^,t Persia, in Farsistan, on the coaat ofthe
Persian gnlf, 12 m. E, S. E. Konkum. Lon. 52°
20' E. Lat. 27° 4ff N.
Tahta, t. Egypt, on the Nile, 32 m. S. Siut, 187
S. Cairo. Lon. 31° 22' E. Lat 26° 57' N.
Tahulc, or Tobuk, t Arabia, in Nedsjas, 176 m.
S. S, E, Jerusalem, 260 N, M-adian,

" Taibeh, t Syria, 83 m, E. S, E. Aleppo, 40 N.
Palmyra. Lon. 38° 45' E, Lat, 35° Iff N,
Tailkbourg, t. France, in Lower Charente, 6
m, N, Saintes, 7 S, S, W, St. Jean d'Angely,
Toimurskoia, bay, Russia, in the Frozen ocean,
Lon, 94° 10' to 98° 10' E, Lat, 75" lo 77" N,
Tain, t. France, in Drome, 9 ra, W, N. W. Ro
mans, 9 N, Valence. Pop. 1,410.
7'ain, t. Scotiand, in Ross co, on the Frith of
Domoch, It ia a royal burgh, 1 1 m. N. Cro
marty, 189 N, Edinburgh, Lon. S" 57' W, Lat
57"47'N, Pop, 2,277,
Tajo. See 'I'ogus.
. Toi-ouan, city and seaport on tfae W. coast of
the island of Formosa, of which it is the capital.
The streets are almost sdl lined with ahopa of ailk,
cfaina ware, and other comraoditiea, Il faaa nei
ther fortifications nor walls. The harbour ia shel
tered frora every wind. Lon. 113" E. Lat 23" N.
Tai-ping, city, China, of tfae first rank, in
Quang-si, 1,175 ra, S, S. W, Peking, Lon, 106"
34' E. Lat22°2ffN,
Tai-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Tcfae-kiang, 722 m, S. S, E, Peking, Lon, 121° 2'
E, Lat 28° 55' N,
Taite. See Otoheite.
Tai-tong, city, China, of tfae first rank, in
Cfaan-si, in a mountainous country, exposed to
the incursions ofthe Tartars, It is well fortified.
155 m. W. Peking. Lon. 112° 44' E. Lat 40° 5' N.
Tajuna, r. Spain, wfaich runs into tfae Xarama,
alittle before itsjunction witfa tfae Tagua.
Tokmitsskaia, t Ruaaia, in Tobolsk, on tfae Ir
tisch, 36 m. S. Tara.
Tacannock, mountain in Berksfaire co. Mass, S.
of Great Barringlon, about 3,000 feet above tfae
level of the sea.
Tolagos, t. Africa, in Sierra Leone, Lon, 13° 40'
W, LatlO°2ffN,
Takvera la Real, t Spain, in Estremadura, 13
ra, S. E, Badajoz,
Talavera la Reyna, t. Spain, in New Castile, on
the Tagua, 35 ra, W, Toledo,
Tolaveruek, or Talavera de Badajos, t, Spain,
in Estremadura, on the Guadiansi, 9 m, E, Bada
joz. Tolbert Part, v. Upper Canada, on lake Erie,
witfa a fine faarbor, 120 m. from fort Erie,
TolberVs Island. See Talbot Island.
Talbot, CO, Md, on the eaatem shore of the
Chesapeake, bounded N. by Queen Aune co, E,
by Caroline and Dorcfaester counties, S, by Dor
cheater CO, and W, by Cheaapeake bay. Pop.
14,230, including 4,875 sl.\vea. Chief town,
Eaaton, *
Talbot, isl. in the Atlantic, near tfae coast of
Florida, 8 milea long, and 2 wide, Lon. 8 1° 42' W.
Lat 30° SffN.
Takan, t. Asia, in Tokariatan, 100 m. S. E.
Termed. Lon. 67° ff E. Lat 36° 45' N.
Talcoguano, aeaport of Cfaili, 6 m. from Con
ception. Lon. 73° ff E. Lat. 36° 42' N. .
Talgarth, t.Vf ales, in Brecknock,^8' m. N. E.
Brecknock, 160 W. London. '
7'a-/i, city, China, of the first rank, iu Yun
nan, 1,205 ra. S. W. Peking, Lon, 100° E, Lat.
25° 45' N,
Talihou, ial. with a lazaretto, on tfae coast of
France, 3 m, N, La Hogue, Lon. l°ff W. Lat
49" SffN.
Talisse, small ial. in the E. Indian sea, near the

124

TAM

N(, coast of Celebes, Lon, 124° 5& E,- Lat, 1"
40' N.
Tttlluda, t. Hind, iw Golconda, 15 m. N. N. W,
Calloor, Taltano, t Corsica!, SOm, S, S, W, Corte, 24 N,
Bonifacio, Lon, 9° 11' E, Lat, 41° 33' N,
Tallapoosa, r. Alabaraa, which unites with the
Coosa, 3 milea below fort Jackson, to form the Al
abama, It is navigable 35 miles to the falls,
f'allara, t. Finance, in Higher Alps, on the Du
rance, 9 m, S, Gap, 15 N, Sisteron,
Tallevende, t. France, in Calvados, 2 m, S, W,
Vire, taUika, t. Africa, in Boffdbu, 70 m, W. S. W,
Fatteconda, Eon, 11" 4ff W. Lat 13° 56^ N.
Taltmadge, pi-t. Portage co. Ohio, 11 m. S. W.
Ravenna. Here is an acaderay, a furnace, forge,
and varioua mills.
Talka, t, Ireland, in Walcifford, 23 m. W, Ns
W , Cork, 32 W. S. W. Waterford.
jtalMdy, t. France, in Cote d'Or, at the anioU
of the Vigenne and the Saone, ISra. W, E, Di
jon. Talirtond, seaport, France, iri Lower Charente,
onthe Gironde, 14m. N, Bourdeaux.
Taloo Harbor, harbor on the N. coast of Eimeo,
one ofthe Society Islands. Lon, 210° E, Lat 17°
30' S,
Takvka, t. Russia, -Which Unitirtg With the An-
aliki runs into the Irgis, 32 tti, E, Volsk.
Tamabo'O, small isl. near tfae W, coUst of Bor
neo. Lon. 109° 21' E. Lat 6° 7' N.
Tamaldineque, t. New Grenada, on the Magda
lena, 160 m. S. St. Martha, 190 S. W. Maracaybo.
Lon. 73" 56' W. Lat. 8° 40' N.
Tamdn, the strait or channel, which forraa a
coramuaicatiou between the Black Sea and the
Sea of Azoph.
Tamanah, seaport, Hind, on the coast of Mala
bar, 54m. N. Goa. Lon, 73° 15'E. Lat 16° Sff N,
Tamar, e. Eng. which dividea Devonahire from
Cornwall, afid runs into the sea below PlyUiouth.
Tamar, in Sac. GeOg, place in tfae S, border of
Palestine, Tofnara Isles, or Islandi qf Idols, near tfae cosiat
of Sierra Leone, Lat. 8° 40' N,
Tamaraca, or 'TaTiiaTica, or Itamarka, a disfrict
0! Brazil, Jn the jariadictiofa of Pernambuco, It
has its name from an ialand on the coaat, near the
mouth ofthe river Tamaraca. The capital, called
Nostra SegnOrd de Coneeizao, or da Tamaraca,
Stands at the mouth of the river of the latter
name, Tainaraca, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, in lat 7" 52' S,
Tamaril, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 2 ra, N, E. Tar
ragona. Tamatamque, or Villa de las Palmas, t. NeW
Grenada, on the river St, M'Artha, 25 m, S, Tene
riffe. Tarhba Awra, or Tmnbtmura, t, Africa, in Bam
bouk, 108 m. S. E. Gallaih.
TambopaUa, t. Peru, at the mouth of the Nom
bre de Dioa, 48 m. S. Arequipa. Lat. IT 10' 8,
Thmbow, city, Russia, the see of a biahop, 228
ra. 3, E, Moscow, 572 S, E, Petersburg, Loh, 41"
4' E, Lat 52" 4ff N.
Tambovskoe, go-t-ernmcht of Russia, bounded N,
by Vladimir ; E. by Nizegofod; t'cnza, and Sara
tov ; S, by Saratov ; and W, by Riazan and Voro
nez ; about 200 mfles long, and from 80 lo 100
broad, Lon, 38" Sff to 48° E, Lat Sl" 36' to 55°
2ffN,

Tambro, i. Spaan^ which runs iiitc; Ito Atlantic,
near Muros,
Tame, r. Eng, 'WMch run* into th6 Thames, at
Dorchester, in Oxfordahfre.
Tame, t. Eng, which runs into the Trent, 7 m.
above Burton,
Tame, See Thante.
ram/iico, seaport, Me^o, iU a b^ ofthe gulf
of Mexico, 30 m. S. E. Pannco. Lon, 98" 36 tV,
Lat, 22° 4ff N,
Tampiseo, r, Mexico, -trhieh runs into tbe Pacif
ic ocean, in lat 10° Sff N,
Tdmworth, t, Eng, at the confiox ef the Anker
and Tatae, partiy in Warwickshire, and parttf in
Staffordshire, 7 m, S, E. Litchfield, 114 N. W,
London, Lon, 1° 41' W. Lat 52° Sff N.
Tamworth, p-t. Straflbrd co. N, H. 44 m. S, CoB-
cord. Pop, 1,134,
Tanaehj or Teumdch, in Sac, Ge^, t is the
tribe of Manasseh, on this side of Jordan,
Tandeim, or TenaieM, t. Arabia, in Yedie% 30
m, S, E. Sana.
fdfiak Poirtt, caipe on the N, coast of Java, Loa.
108"3ffE, Latff'24'S,
Tandkako, small isl. near the S. W, coast of Ce
lebes. Lon. 1 Iff" ^E. Lat5°30rS.
Tanalitskaia, fort, Russia^ in Upha, at the con
fluence ofthe Urdasim and llral, 120 m. E. Oren
burg. Tatlaro, r. Italy, whicfa^asses by Coni, Cheras
co, Alba, .Asti, Alexandria, &c. and joins tbe Po,
3 m. E. Valenza.
Tancos, t. Portugal, in Esfremadura, at the
conflux of tfae Zezare and the Ts^uai 21 m. N. £.
Santarem, 9 8. Thomar.
Tonda, or Tanraft, t. Hind, for a sliort time the
capital of Bengal, It is very near to the site of
Gour, on tfae road leadiog frora it to Rajemal, It
is now deserted,
TandM, t Hind, in Malwah, 150 m. N. E, Surat
Lon, 74" 30' E. Lat 23" 5' N.
Taneyiown, p-t. Frederick co, Md, 27 m, N, by
E, Fredericktown, 71 from WashiUgton, It con
tsiina a number of mills, and aome iron worka, 2
churches, and abdut 100 houaes.
Tongttla, small isl, near the S. coast of Java.
Lon, 111° 45' E. Lat 8° 20' S.
Tangermunde, t. Prussian States, in Saxonv, 24
m, N. Magdeburg, 51 W, Berlin, Lon, 12° 2' E,
Lat 52" 32' N, Pop, 3,250,
Tonghoo, or Tenhoa, t, Tonquin, on a smaU riv
er near the W, coast of the gulJF of Cochin China,
Lat 19° 4ff N, ^
Tangiers, (an. Ting is, ar Tinjia, t, Fez, at the
W. entrance ofthe straita of Gibraltar, The sit
uation is favourable to Moorish pirates, who fi-om
this, the narrowest part of the strait, may easily
surprise merchant ships, that are incapable of de
fence. Thebay of Tangier? is not safe when the
wind ia in the west, 108 m. N. N, W. Fet, 38 W,
S, W. Gibraltar, Lon. 5° 50' W. Lat 35° 42" N.
Tangipao, i. Miasissippi, wfaich runs into Iske
Pontchartrain, 10 ra. N, E, Manchac,
Tongoktanga, seaport; Mexico, in Guaxaca,
100 m, S,E, Guaxaca, Lon, 97° Sff W. Lat 16°
ffN. Tangouzlic, t. A, Turkey, in Natolia, 70 m, E,
S, E. Smyma,
Tangulaw, sttiall isl, in the Spanish Main, near
the Mosquito ahoie. Lon, 83° 55' W, Lat, 13"
35'N, TanguL See ThibeL

TAP
Tanib, t. Mexico, which runs into the gutf of
Mexico, in lon, 96° ff W. kt 18" 10' N,
Taninge, t. France, in Leman, 24 m, S, E, Ge
neva, 26 N, E, Annecy,
Tanjore, country, Hind, included in the Carna
tic, bounded N, andW, by part of the Carnatic,
and Ei and S, by the gulf of Bengal.
Tanjore, t Hind, smd cap. ofa counfry fo which
it gives name, situated in a plsiirt between two
branches of the Cauvery. Tfae Engliah Chris
tian Knowledge Society made this city one of their
missionary atations itt 1766, and there is at prea
ent one missionsiry faere, sissisted by Snative priests.
176 m. S. E. Seringapatam, 156 S. S. W. Madras.
Lon. 79" Iff E. Lat 10° 4ff N.
Tankrowal, t. Africa, in Kaen, near the river
Gambia. Lon. 14° 27' W. Lat, 13° Iff N,
Tienna, isl. in the Pacific ocean, and one of those
caUed New Hebrides, about 22 miles long, smd 10
broad, Lon, 169° 44' E, Laf, 19° 32' S, '
Tlinna, f , Hind, in the island of Salsette, on the
E, coast, 25 ra, N. E. Bombay, Lon, 72° 5ff E,
Lat. 19° Iff N. See Bombay.
Tarma, or Th&fat, t. Germsmy, in Reuss-Lo-
benstein, 17 m. S. W. Greitz, 20 S. Gera. Lon. 11°
57' E. Lat 50° 25'N.
Tanna BeUoo, araall isl. near the E. coast of
Borneo. Lon. 118° 21' E. Lat 4° 52" N.
Tanna Meta, small isl. near the E. coaat of Bor
neo. Lon. 117° 5' E. Lat 3° 46' N.
Tannaser, t. Hind, in Delhi, 45 m. N. E. Hia-
sar, 62 E. S. E. Sirhind. Lon. 76° 20' E. Lat 29°
31' N.
TaMnenberg, t Prussisi, 6 m, S. S, W. Hohen
stein, 15 S, E. Osterrod.
Tanner's Creek, t. Indiana, which runs into the
Ohio, 2 m. below Latrrenceburg.
Tanore, t Hind, in Calicut, 25 ra. S. S. E. Cali
cut Lon. 76° 54' E. Laf. 10° 68' N.
Tonal, r. Walea, which runa into the Severn, 7
m. below Welsh Pool.
Tanquanemon, r. Michigsm Territory, which
funs into Lake Superior, about 30 mflea W. of St
Mary's river. It ia 60 yards wide at ita mouth,
and boatable more than 20 miles.
Tontalam, or Ligor, isl. at the entrance of the
gulf of Siam, ISO miles in circumference. Lon.
100° 5ff E, Lat 8° Iff N,
TantaUan Castk, ancient fort, ScoUand, in Ber
wick, on a rock overhanging the sea, 2 ra, N, Ber
wick, Tan-lumqueri, t, Africa, on tbe Gold coast Lon.
1°54'W. Lat5°2ff N.
Tboneroo. See Poverty Bay.
Taoo Island, one ofthe Friendly islsuids, 24 railes
ih circumference,
Taormina, t Sicily, in the VaUey Demona, on
the E, coast, on a rocky hill, and much celebrated
for its marble and excellent wine. 27 m, S, S, W,
Messina, 24 N, N. E, Catania. Lon, 15° 23' E.
Lat 37° 51' N. Pop. 3,000.
Taouka, one ofthe Society islands, Lon, 145° 9'
W, Lat 14° 30' S.
Tttparica, ial. at the entrance of All Saint's bay,
on the coast of Brazil. Lat, 13° S,
Tapiau, t Prussia, on the Pregel, 20 ra, E. S, E,
Konigsberg. Lon, 21° Iff E. Lat54''3ff N,
lipaor, t Hind, in Mysore, 83 m, E, S, E, Se-
rii«apatam, ihppiihan'nOck, p-t, ]^rt of entry, and cap, of
Essex CO. Va. on the S. W. bank of the Rappa
hannock, 54 m. N. E. Richmond, 67 from Wfl
liamsburg, 117 from Washington. It is regularly

T AJl

726

laid out on a fertile plain, and contains about 100
houses, a court-house and jafl, and an Episcopal
church. Pop, 600, Amount of shipping in, 1816,
7,285 tons,
Tapanooly, seaport of Sumatra, on the W,
coaat, Lon, 98° 12' E, Lat 1°40'N,
Tappan Sea, an expauaioa of Hudson river, N.
Y. opposite Orangetown, 36 m. above New York.
It is 10 miles long, and 4 wide.
Tiqypuah, in Sac. Geog. t in tfae tribe of Judah.
Another, on the bordera of Ephraim and Manas
seh. Taptee, r. Hind, which runs into the guK of
Cambay, 12 ra. below Surat.
Topuirlapera, t Brazil, on the coaat, 16 m. N.
W. St. Luis de Msu-annon.
Tar, or Pamlico, r, N, CaroUua, formed by sev
eral branches, which rise in the northem part of
the State, It pursues a S, E, course, and passing
by Tarborough, Greenville, and Washington, feUs
into the weatern extreraity of Pamlico aound. Its
whole lengtfa ia about 180 miles, and it is naviga
ble for veaaela drawing 9 feet water, to Washing
ton, 40 miles, and for boats carrying SO or 40
hogaheada, to Tarborougfa, 50 miles fartfaer,
Ihra, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on tfae Irtisch, 220
M, E, S, E, Tobolsk, 264 W, N, W, KoUvan. Lou,
74° 43' E. Lat 57° N,
Terama, one of the weatern islands of Scotland,
Lon, 6° 59' W, Lat, 67° 62' N,
Torapaca, t. Peru, inArequipEi,onariver wfaich
runs into the Pacific ocean, Lat 20° Iff S,
Tarare,t. France, in Rhone and Lofre, 18 m;
W, N, W, Lyons, 13 W, S, W. VUlefrancfae,
Tccrasean, I. France, iu Mouths ofthe Rhone, on
the Rfaone, with a castle. It is opposite Beaucaire,
with wfaich it comraunicatea by abridge of boats,
3 posts E, Nismea, 10 N, W, -Aix, Lon. 4° 44' E.
Lat43°4ffN. Pop. II, 320.
Tarascon, city, France, and cap. of Arriege, on
the river Arriege, 48 m. S. Thoulouae, 32 S. W.
Carcassonne. Lon. 1°41'E. Lat. 42" 60' N. Pop.
1,357. Tarasavo, t Ruaaia, in Irkutak, on tfae Lena, 12
m. S. Tiitura.
Taraz, or Turkestan, city, Asia, and cap. of
Turkeatan, on a small river wfaicfa runs into tfae
Sir, 250 ra. N. Saraarcand. Lon. 69° 42' E. Lat.
44°45'N. Tarasona, t. Spain, in New Castile, 15 m. S.
Alarcon. Torazono, city, Spain, in Aragon, tfae see of a
bisfaop, 43 ra. N. W. Saragossa, 135 N. E. Madrid.
Lon. 1° 4ff W. Lat 42° N. Pop. 8,000.
Tarbat, t S«btland, in Cromarty, 6 ra. E. Tain.
Tarhet Ness, cape, Scotland, on tfae coast of
Ross-shire, belween the fritfaa of Dornoch and
Murray, Lon. 3° 4ff W. Lat 57° 5ff N.
Torbe, city, France, and cap. of Upper Pyre
nees, on the Adour, Ii posta S. Aucfa, 96J S. W.
Paria. Lon. 0° ff E. Lat 43° 14' N, Pop, 6,777,
Tarbida or Morozzo, r. Naples, whicfa runs into
tfae Mediterranean, ISra. S, W, Cosenza,
Tarborough, p-t Edgecombe co, N, C, on the
W, aide of 'Tar river, 85 m, above its mouth, 37 S.
Halifax, 112 S. by W. Peteraburg. It contains a
court-house, jail, aud academy. Pop, 600, Large
quantities of tobacco, poi*, beef and Indian corn,
are coUected here for exportation.
Tordaire, or Tardouere, i. Franoe, which runs
into the Charente, near Rochefoucault
Taref, t Arabia, in Hedsjsis, 25 jn- N, E, Me
dina,

726

TAR

Torent, r. Eng, wfaich runa into the Stour, 3 m,
S, E. Blandford,
Tarentaise, County of, province of Savoy, boun
ded N, by the lordahip of Faucigny, E, by the
duchy of Aosta, S, by the county of Maurienne,
and W, by the duchy of Savoy,
Tarento, city, Naples, in Otranto, the see of an
archbishop, on a small peninsula, which projecta
into a bay of the Mediterranean to wfaicfa it gives
narae, ll was anciently the capital of a celebra
ted republic. The inhabitants eraploy theraaelvea
principally in fishing. It faad once au excellent
harbor, but it is now so sfaallow as only to admit
fisfaing boats. 60 m. W, N, W, Otranto, 140 E,
Naples, Lon, 17° 10' E, Lat 40° 46' N, Pop,
18,457, Torfokiral, t. Africa, in Fez, on tfae coast of the
Mediterranean, 22 m. W, Melilla,
Torga, seaport, Africa, in Fez, 90 ra, S, E, Tan
giers. Tariffa, aeaport, Spain, in Seville, on a bay to
whicfa il gives name, on the N. side of tfae straits
of Gibraltar, fortified witfa old walla and towera,
with a caatle, 27 ra, S, S, E, Medina Sidonisu Lon.
6° 41' W, Lat 36° ff N, , Pop, 4,000,
Tarija, jurisdiction. South Araerica, in Buenoa
Ayres, Sf, Bernardo de Tarija is the chief to'wn,
Tarija, r, Buenoa Ayres, which runs into tfae
Vennejo, in tfae province of Tucnraan,
Tarku, or Torkau, or Tarki, t. Asia, in Dages
tan, on tfae W. cosiat of tfae Caapian aesi, 260 m, S,
Astrachan, Tarleton, p-v. Picka'way co. Ohio, 17 m, N, E,
CfailUcothe, To'rma, a jurisdiction of Peru, with a tempe
rate cliraate and fertile soil, Tarraa, the capital,
is 85 ra, E. Liraa, Lon, 75° 6ff W. Lat 1 1° S,
Tarn, r. France, whicfa joina tfae Garonne,
near Moissac, in tfae department of tfae Lot,
Tarn, a departraent of France., bounded N, and
N. E, by Aveyron, S, E, by Herault, S, by .4ude,
and W, by Upper Garonne and Lot Castres is
the capital. Pop, 295,885.
Tama, t, Sweden, in Uraea, 145 m, N, W,
Uraea. Tamac, t, France, in Correze, on the Vienne,
25 ra. N, TuUe, 25 E, Limoges,
Tamopal, t. Austrian Poland, 72 m, E. Lem
berg, Lon, 25° 40' E. Lat, 49° 30' N,
Tarnow, t Austrian Poland, 52 ra. S, W. Sando-
mir, 40 E, S, E, Cracow, Lon, 20° 53' E, Lat, 49°
SffN, Tamowits, t. Silesia, near wfaich is ¦ a silver
mine, 6 m, N, Ober Beuthen, 31 S. E. Oppeln,
Lon, 18° 47' E, Lat 60" 25' N, Pop, 1,500,
Taro, r. whicfa rises in the southern part of the
duchy of Parma, and runs into the Po, 9 m, E.
Busseto, Tarpaulin cove, on the coast of Mass, 3 leagues
N, N, W, Holmes' hole, in Martha's Vineyard,
Tarpolei/,t. Eng, in Cheshire, II m. S.E, Chea
ter, 178 N, W, London. Lon,2°5ffW, Lat 53°
Iff N,
Tarragona, I. Spain, in Catalonia, on a riaing
ground on the coast of the Mediterranean, at the
mouth of the river Franooli, and one of the raoat
ancient citiea in Spain, It was formerly very
populous and splendid, but there are now few re
mains of its ancient grandeur, Tho harbor is
dangerous, and not much frequented. It is, how
ever, the aee of an arcfabiahop. Pop. 7,500, 98
m, E. S. E. Saragossa, 38 W, S, W, Barcelona,
T,on. 1°33'E, Lat 41° ff N,

T A S
Tarrar, circar of Hind, in Allahabad, about 35
mflea long and 12 broad. ,
Torrega, t, Spain, in Catalonia, on the Cervera,
5 m, W. Cervera, 30 N, Tarragona. Lon. 0° 19'
E. Lat 41° Sff N.
Tarring, t. Eng. in Sussex, 17 m. W. Bright
helmstone, 57 S, London, Lon, 0° 23' W, Lat
50" 2ff N,
Tarshish, in Sac, Geog. (sui, Tortessus,) city
and country of Spain, tbe moat celebrated place
of trside in the West, for the Phoeuiciana and
Hebrews, Silver, iron, tin, aad lead were bropght
thence to Tyre,
Tarsus, seaport, A, Turkey, at oue time the
capital of CiUcia ; and in the time of St Paul the
inhabitants enjoyed the privileges of Roman citi
zens. It ia now inhabited by 'Turks, Greeka, and
Armenians. It is large, and is surrounded with a
double wall, St, Paul was a native of this city.
It is 3 mfles from the coast, 25 W. Adana, 105 W,
Alexandretta. Lon. 34° 37' E. Lat 37" 1' N.
Tartary. This word in its moat extenaive sense,
containa all that vaat country of Aaia, which lies
belween the Frozen sea, to the nortli, and Persia,
Hindoostan, Eind China, to the soutfa, and includes
a great variety of nations, to which ia applied the
general narae of Tartars or Tatars, 'with a par
ticular one often appUed from their local sitiiatien.
Tartary may be divided into tfaree parts, vi2.Chi-
nese Tartary, Independent Tartsu-y, and Russian
Tartary. Chinese Tartary ia bounded N. by Si
beria, E. by the gulf of Kamtachatka srad the sea
of Japsm, S. by Cfaina and Tfaibet, and W.by ta-
dependent Tartary. The principal tribes who
wander over thia vast region, are tfae Mongula
and tfae Mandshura. The Eluts and the Kalkas
are branches of the Monguls. Independent Tar
tary includea all the country between Chinese
Tartary and the Caapian sesu It is inhabited
principsdly by the Kii^hises in the north, and the
Usbecks in tfae south. It enjoya a fine climate and
fertfle aoil. For Russian Tartary, see Siberia.
Tartas, t France, in Landes, 36 m, N, E, Bay
onne, 15 W, S. W. Mont de Marsan. Lon. 0° 44'
W. Lat 43° Sff N. Pop. 3,212.
Tortaskai, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, at tfae union of
the Om aud the Tartas, 40 ra, W. S, W, Kainst.
TTarudant, t. Africa, in Sus, almost at the ex
tremity of Uie empfre of Morocco. It was form
erly the capital of a small kingdom. UO m, S, S,
W, Morocco, 43 E. S, E. Santa Cruz. Lon. 8°
35' W. Lat 30" 20' N. Pop. 25,000.
Tarvis, or rant-is, t Ausfrian statea, 46 m. N.
N. W. Trieste, 28 W. S. W, Clagenfurt Lon.
15°S3'E, Lat 46° 34' N.
7'antsu, t Russia, in Kaluga, on the Oka, Lon,
SO" 34' E, Lat. S4" 52' N,
Tasco, t Mexico, in Mechoacan, 90 m, S, E,
Mechoacan, Lon, 101" 36' W, Lat 19" 5' N,
Tashkund, or Taschkund, or Al Shash, t Tur
kestan, on the Sir, 210 m, N. Ssunarcsrad, Lon,
64° 48' E, Lsit 42° 40' N,
Thsiei-sfcoi, t, Russia, iu Tobolsk, on the Taaie-
va, 820 ra, E, Tobolak, 448 E, N, E, Kolivan,
Lon, 94° 14' E, Lat, 57° N,
Tasman's Head, cape on the coast of Van Die-
men's Land, Lon, 147° 28' E, Lat 43° Sff N,
Tlispour, t Hind, in Bafaar, 27 in, E, Hajypour,
Lon, 85° 61' E, Lat 25° 52' N,
Tassasudon, or Tassey Seddein, t. Asia, smd cap
ital of Bootan, 206 m, S, W, Lassa, 242 N, E, Pat
na, Lon, 89° 12' E. Lat, 27° 4ff N, '

T A V

TAU

727

Tasso, small isl, on the W, cosist of Africa, at
the raouth of tfae river Sierra Leoue,
Tasso. See Tliaso.
Tata, or Datis, t, Hungsiry, built in the raidst of
water and swampa, with a caatie, 20 m, W, Gran,
18 S, Raab,
Tartorskoi, fort, Ruaaia, in Kolivan, on the E,
side of tfae Irtiach, Lon, 85° 34' E. Lat 53°
44' N,
Tate, t. Clermont co, Ofaio, S, of WiUiamaburg,
Tatianskaia, fort, Ruaaia, in Saratov, on tbe
Volga, 12 m, S. E, Tzarilzin,
Ttttischeva, fort, Russia, in Upha, on the Ural,
28 m, W. Orenburg,
Tatnall, co, Geo, on the N, side of the Alata
maha. Pop, 2,206, including 542 slaves,
Tatta, city, Asia, in Sindy, auppoaed to be built
on the site of the ancient Pattala, on the Indus,
Tfais city, was, in the 17th century, very exten
sive and populoua, with a great trade ; posaeasing
manufacturea of silk, wool, cotton, and cabinet-
ware. It is now mucfa reduced, 156 m, W. N,
W. Amenabad, 340 S. S, W, Moultan. Lon. 67°
38' E. Lat 2-4" 54' N,
Tattoh, t. Africa, 150 m, S. S, E, Morocco,
Lon. 6° 15' W. Lat, 28° 2ff N,
Tattenhall, t. Eng. iu Staffbrdsfaire, 2 m. W,
Burton upon Trent
Tattersholl, t. Eng. in Lincolnshire, 20 m. S,
Louth, 127 N. London, Lon 0° 11' W, Lat, 52°
25'N, Tattubt, (an, Tadutti,)t. Algiers, 25 m, S, Con
stantina, Tarai, isl, in the Indian aea, near the coast of
¦ Siam, Lon, 97° 62' E, Lat, 13° N,
Tavai Poenammoo, ial. iu the Pacific ocean, be
ing the most southerly of tfae two wfaicfa forra New
Zealand, srad separated from tfae northern island
by a cfaannel called Cook's straits. It is about
500 mflea long from S, W. to N. E. and from 55 to
140 broad. Lon. 184° 45' to 193" 18' W. Lat, 40°
Sff to 47° 20' S,
Tovasthus, or Kroneborg, t. Ruasia, in Finland,
witfa a castle weU fortified, 80 m. N, N. E. Abo,
Lon, 24° IffE. Lat 61° 1'N.
Tauber, r.Germany, which runs into the Maine,
at Wertheira.
Toucha, t Saxony, 6 m, N, E, Leipsic, 7 S, S,
W, Eulenburg, Lon, 12° Sff E, Lat 61° 22' N,
Pop. 1,100,
Taucael, or Tuchd, t. Prussian states, 44 ra, S,
S, W, Dantzig, 10 S. E, Schlochau,
Tavda, r. Ruaaia, which runs into the Tobol, 40
m,S. Tobolak,
Tavdeny, t Africa, in tfae Sahara, 270 m, N. N,
W, Tombuctoo, ,Lon, 1°25'W, Lat 21° 15' N.
Taiie, or T^, r. Eng, which runa into the Se
vern, below (>rdiff,
Tavema, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, 15 ra, N,
Squillace, Tavernes, t, France, in Var, 3 ra, N. Barjols,
Taujepour, t Bengal, 60 m, S, S, W, Calcutta,
Lon. 87" 45' E. Lat 21° 52' N,
Taujepour, t. Bengal, 32 m, E, Purneah, Lon,
88"11'E. Lat25°4ff N,
Taujepour, t Hind, in Bahar, 15 ra. N, Chup
rah, Lon. 84° Sff E, Lat 26" 2' N.
Tavira, or Tavila, aeaport, Portugal, in Al
garve, 111 m, S. S, E.'Lisbon, 12 W. Caslroma-
rin. Lon. 7" 35' W, Lat. 37° 7' N, Pop. 4,770,
Tavistock, t. Eng, in Devonahire, 14 ra. N. Ply
mouth, 206 W. S. W. London. Lon, 4° 13' W.
Lsit 50" SffN, Pop, 4,723.

Tauk, t. France, in Finisterre, 3 ra, N, W, Mor
laix, 6 S, S. E, St, Polde Leon,
raumuco, t, Greece, in Thesaaly, 30 m, S, La
riaaa, Taumago, ial, in tfae Pacific ocean, about 25
mflea in circuit. It produces bananas, cocoa-
trees, palms, sugar-cane, and alao many kinds of
nutrilioua roota, Lon, 1 69" 25' E, Lat. 10" S,
Tawme, r. England, wfaich runa into the Mersey
at Stockport.
'Taunda, t. Hind, in Oude, 50 m. S, E. Fyzabad,
Lon, 82° Sff E, Lat, 26" 32' N,
Taunton, t Eng, in Somerset co. The woollen
manufacture formerly flouriahed in thia town, but
of late yeara it has decayed, A silk manufacture
was introduced here iu 1780, Taunton is an an
cient borough, and has retumed membera to par
liament from the year 1294. Pop, 6,99,7, 31 ra.
N. E. Exeter, 140 W, London, Lon, 3° Iff W,
Lat 50° SO'N,
Taunkn, r, Maas, whicfa rises in Plyraouth co.
aud running S. W, emptiea into Narraganaet bay.
It is navigable for sraall vessels to Taunton, 20
railes. Taunton, p-t. smd cap. Bristol co, Maaa. ou tfae
W, aide of Taunton river, 21 ra, E, Providence,
36 S, Boaton, It is a pleaaant town and conlsiins
a court-house, jail, acaderay, bank, 2 cotton fac
tories, a paper-raill, 5 reUgious societies, 2 of Con
gregationalists, 2 of Baptists, and I of Friends,
The raanufacture of iron faas long been carried
on in this town, and there are al present 1 furnace,
1 nail manufactory, and 3 rblUngand alilting nulls
in operation, Pop,'3,907,
Taunton Dean, valley, Eng, extending about
SO miles long, in Somerset,
Taurida, or Tavricheskaia, (the province of Tau
ris,') government of Rusaia, bounded N; by Eka
terinoslav, E, by Caucasua, S, by the Black sea,
and W, by Cfaeraon, frora whicfa itia aeparated by
the Dnieper, It haa a fine climate and fruitful
soil, and includea tfae peninsula of the Crimea-
See Crimea.
Tauris, or Tabris, city, Persia, in Azerbijan,
situated in a plain at the foot of a raountaira It
faas neither walls nor fortifications. Through it
passes a little river called Spingtcha, wfaicfa aome
tiraes swelling, carries away the houses on its
banka. Here are raany raagnificent structuree ;
the bazars are crowded with people, and tUled
with vast quantities of raercfaandize. Tfaere are
said to be SOO caravansersis, which are ao spacious
tfaat 300 persons may lodge in eacfa; and the
mosques and baths are answerable to the gran
deur of the Ibtfaer buildings. The largest square
at Tauris is sufficiently apacioua to contain 30,000
men in order of battle. The commerce of this
city extenda not only over all Peraia, but into
Turkey, Ruaaia, Tartary, the Indiea, and lo the
Black aea. 180 m. S. S. E. Erivan, 402 N. N, W.
Ispafaan, Lon, 46" 31' E, Lat, 38° 2ff N, Pop,
estimated by Morier in 1808, at 250,000.
Taurus, a mountain of Aaia, whicfa ia aaid to
extend from the sea coast, opposite Rhodes, lo the
extremities of Tartary and Cfaina, under difier
enl n-dmea,
Touss, or Damoslitz, t. Boheraia, 26 ra, S, S. W.
Pilaen, 63 S, W, Prague, Lon, 12° 52 E, Lat, 49"
25' N, Pop, 3,010,
Tousle, t, Spain, in Arragon, 25 m, N, W, Sara
gossa, Pop, 3,200,
Tauves, t France, in Puy de Dome, 15 ra. W.
Besse, 24 S, W, Clermont. Pop, 2,110,

728

T C H

Tatyi, r. Eug, which joins the Tamar, 2 W. be
low Saltaab.
Taw, r. Eng. which runa into the Bristol chan
nel, below Appledore, forming a large bay at its
'mouth, called Bamstapk Bay,
TawoUj), one of Uie Molucca islanda, 25 miles
long from N. to S. and from $ to 9 broad. Lon.
127° 14'E, Lat.0°2rS.
Tawandee, r. Pa. which runs iialo the E. branch
of the Susquehannah, 12 m, S. E. Tioga point
Tawandee, t. Bradford co. Pa, Pop, 788.
Tawton, v. Eng. in Devonshire, 3 m. S. Barn
staple. Tawy, r, Wales, which runa into the sea at
Swanaea. Tay, r. Scotland, which passes through Lech
TEiy, -suid runs into the German sea helow Pertii,
forming a large bay at its mouth, called The
Frith ^ Tay. Lou. 2° SO' W. Lat. 66° 25' N.
Tay, r. Ireland, in Waterford, which runa into
the sea, 7 m. W. N,. W. Duj^arvau bay.
Taya,i. Austria, 'which Joins 'the Marach, 4 m.
N. N. E.Hockenau.
Toykrsvilk, p-v. Shelby co. Ken,
TazeweU, co, in tfae S, W, part of Va, Pop,
3,007, including 328 slaves,
Tazewdl, p-t aud cap, Clairborne co, £, Teu-
neaaec^ 35 m, N, KnoxviUe,
Tovoskaia, gulf, Ruaaia, joined to the Obskaia
gul^ about .140 mfles long and 3 broad, Lon. 7-6°
to 80" E, Lat, B7° 40' to 6ff N,
TchaMschi, t. Russia,, in Irkutsk, on the Amur,
-40 m, N, N, ,E. Stretensk,
Tehagado, t. Russia, in Novgorod, 240 ra, N, E.
Sfovgorod, 88 N. N, W, Volqgda. Lon. 38° 44' E.
Lat 60" SffN.
Tohagoda, r. Jlus^is^ which runs into the Molo-
gs^ 16 m. N. Estiuzna.
Tchaia, r. Russia, wfaicfa runa into the Lena,
near Tchamslra,,in,Irkutsk. Lon. 109° 34' E. Lat.
.58° 5'N.
Tchang-tcho, oily, China, of the first rank, in
Hou-quang, onthe Heng river, 742 m.,S. Pekiug.
Lon. 112°25' E. Lat,:28° 11' N,
Tchan-le, city, China, of the firat rank, in Ho
nan, 256 ra, S, S, W, Poking, Lon, 114° E, Lat
36" ff N,
.Tchani, lake, Ruasia, in Kolivan, 200 rafles in
circumference, 100 ra, W, N, W, Kolivsm,
Wchttranda, t. Russia, in Novigorod, on the Sula,
188 ra, E. N, E, Novgorod, Lon, S7°34'E, Lat
59° 4ffN,
Tchastija, ial, Russia, in Irkutak, on the Lena,
112 m, N,E. Kirensk,
yc/ie-ifcisreg, province, China, .bounded N, aud
N, W, by Kiang-nan, E, by the aea, S. by Fokien,
and S, W, by Kiang-si, about 200 railes long from
N. to S. and frora 1.20 to 180 broad,
7'cheribor, t Russia, in Penza, 80 m. W, S, W.
Penza, Lon. 43° Sff ;E, Lat 52° 62' ,N,
Tcherig-ic, ial, in the Eastern sea, near the S,
coaat of Corea, 10 railes longiond 6 broad, Lon.
128" 37'E. L'dt34°2ffN,
Tchernigoii, t, iRuaaia, and capital of a govern-
ment, onthe Desna, 344 ra S, S. W, Moscow,
520 S, Peteraburg, Lon, 31° 14' E, Lat 51"24' N.
Tchemikeh, t. A, Turkey, in Sivas, 24.m, N,
Araaaia, Lon, 36° Sff E, Lat, 40° 26' N,
Tchernoiyar, t Rusaia, in Saratov, 200m, N, W,
Aatrachan, 296 E. N, E, Azoph, Lon, 46° 4' E.
Lat 47" 64' N,
Tcheskaio, milt in the Frozen ocean, on the N,
coast of Russia, Lon, 4.5" to 47" E. Lat 66" 60'
to77°4ffN. -

TEC
Tchesme,t. Asia Minor, on the Vf. shore offthe
peninsula of Erytbrae, opposite tbe idand of Scio,
on the ruins of Cyssus, at the head of a spacious
road. Tching-kiang, city, Chin^ of the first rank;, i;a
Kiangnan, on the S. side of tfae Yang-tse, 470 m.
S, S, E. Peking, Lon, 1 18° 55' E- La*. 32° 14' N.
Tcfiing-tcheou, city, Cbiqa, of the first raalf, in
Hou-quang, 765 m, S. S, W, Pekuig, Lon, 109°
40' E, Lat 28° -23' N.
Tcbing-I^, city, China, of tfae firat rank, in
Pe-tche-li, 137 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 1 14° gff
E. Lat 39° ffN. .
Tehing-tou, city, China, of the Aral rank, in Se
tchuen, forraerly the residence of the emperors^
8 10 railes S. W. Peking. Lon. 103" 44' E. Lat. 30°
40' N.
Tchiuna, r. Russia, which runa into the Tun-
guska, 66 m. S. E. Eniaeisl^ Lon. 94° 34' E. Lat
67°S4'N. Tchmng-king, xsity, China, of the firat ranjc, in
Se-tchuen, one of the moat coramercial citiea ci
the province. It ia at tfae confluence of two large
rivers, 750 milea S. W. Peking. Lon. 106° Iff E.
Lat 29° 42' N,
Tckudskoi, lake, Ruasta, between the goveiji-
raenls of Peterabuig smd Riga : about 64 mflea
long, and from 8 to 24 broad, Lon, 27" to 27° 28'
E.LatS8°to59°10'N, Tchukatskga, the moat eastem province of Rus
aia, in Irkutsk. Lon, 157° to 159" E, Lat 63" to 73?
SO'N, •
Tchukatskoi, cape ofthe N. E, exfremity of S-
beria, at the onfrance of tfae straits v^ch divide
Americafrom Asia. Lon. 199° 14' E,Lat66°15'N,
Td-nan, or Tsi-nan, city, China, of the £rst
rank, in Ciian-long, S, of the river Tsing-ho, or
Tsi, 235 ra, S. Peking. Lou. 116° 4ff E. Lat 36°
46' N.
Tcin-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Chang Jtoug, 230 m. S, S, E. Pekh^. Lon. US"
20'E. Lat 36° 46' N,
Tcitekar Hotun, t Chinese Tartary, buiU to
guard the frontiers of the Chinese erapire from the
Russians, 355 ra, N, E. Peking. Lon. 123° Sff E.
Lat, 47° 25' N.
Tea, r. Eng. in Buckingham, which runsinto
the Ouse, near Stony Stratibrd.
Teaches, sraall isl. off tho coast of Northnmber-
land CO. Va,
Teaihi, isl in the Mediterranean, 20 miles long,
and four broad, sincienUy called Ithaca. Lon. 21"
40' E.Lat 38° 47' N,
Tease's valley, p-v. Kenha-wa co, Va.
Tebesttt, t. Africa, in Tunis, on the borders of
Algiers, where are found several beautiful ruina.
130 ra, S, S, W, Tunis.
Tebiquari, r. S, Americsi, 'which joins tfae Iquay,
to form the Rio Grande, in lat, SO" 55° S,
Teceut, or Teclieit, t, Africa, in Sus, 150 m. S,
W. Morocco,
Tec/te, ,r, Louisiana, which joins the Atchafa
laya, 15 m, above its entrance into the Gulf flf
Mexico, It is iiavigialjle 45 miles, to New Iberia.
Teck, an ancient castle of Wurteinbuig, 12.IB.
S.E, Stuttgart
Tecklenburg, t. Prusaiau Statea, in Weatphalia,
formerly capital of a county lo which it gave
name, 7 m. S, W, Osnabruck, Lon, 7° 35' E.Lat
62" Iff N, ,Pop, 1,000,
Tecklenburg, formerly a oounty and principali
ty of Germany, bounded N, and E, by the bi»h-
opriok of Oanabruck, aad S, and W, by tfae bish-
oprick of Munater ; about 20 miles long, and 10

T E I
broad. It is now included in the province of
Weatphalia, iu tfae Prusaian Statea.
Tecoantapeque, aeaport t Mexico, 160 ra, S, E,
Acapulco, Lon, 99° 10' W, Lat 16" 2' N,
Tecrit, t A. Turkey, in Moaul, on the W, aide
ofthe Tigria, 120 ra. S. Moaul, 90 N, N, W. Bag
dad, Lon, 42° 37' E, Lat 34° "37' N,
Teeulel, t. Africa, in Morocco, near the coast
ofthe Atlantic, 15 m, E, Mogador, 99 N, W, Mo^
rocco. Tedbury, or TeUmry, t, Eng, in Glouceater, on
the Avon, 20 ra. S. Gloucester, 99 W. Loudon.
Lon. 2° 11' W. Lat 61° 47' N.
Tedford, v. Eng, in Lincolnshire, 6 ra, N, E,
HorncaaUe. Tedif, t Syria, 21 m, E. Aleppo,
Tedla, or Tadila, province of Morocco, which
extenda sdong the E, aide of the Atias to the bor
ders of Fez aud Algiers,
Tednest, or Tedoest, t Africa, in Morocco, 40 ra,
N, E, Mogador, 90 W, N, W, Morocco,
Teebakan, smaU isl. near the N, coast of Borneo.
Lon, 117° 39' E. Lat, 7° 52' N,
Teerrawhitte, the S. W, point of the norlhem-
most island of New Zealand, Lon, 184" 12' E.Lat,
41"2I'S. Tees, r. Eng. which runa into the German Ocean,
10 ra, below Stockton, in lat 54° 42' N. tt forraa
a boundary between the countiea tif York and
Durham. Teesta, or Yo Sanpoo, r. Asia, wfaich runs into
the Ganges bv two streams ; one 25 miles N. the
otiier 80 E. S."E. Moorshedabad,
Tefee, t. Brasil, in Para, on the Amazon, 220 ra,
W, Fort Rio Negro,
Tefessad, or "^essad, t. Algiers, 32 ra, S, S, W,
Algiers, Lon, 2° 54' E, Lat 36° 32' N.
Teflis, t. Asia,jcap, of Georgia, and aee of a
bishop, situated at the foot of a raountain, on tfae
river Kur, It ia aurrounded with strong walla,
except towards the river ; and hsis a Isirge fortreas
at the declivity of the raountain. It contains I
Roman Catholic, 13 Greek, and 7 Armenian
churches, and ia the residence of the Russian gov
ernor. 100 ra. N, N, E. Erivan, 225 N. E, Erze
rura, Lon, 45° 2ff E. Lat, 42° 20' N, Pop. about
15,000, Tefsa, t. Morocco, 70 m. N, E, Morocco, Lat,
31° 40' N,
Tegodoo Boy, bay on the E, coast of the most
northern island of New Zealand, Lon, 181° 14'
W, Lat 38° 10' S,
Tegasa, t. Africa, in Zenhaga ; 300 ra. frora the
Atlantic, and 400 S. Cape Non, Lat. 22° 20' N,
Tegerby, or Teigarea, t. Africa, in Fezzan, 68 ra,
S, Mourzouk, Lon. 1 5° ff E. Lat 26° 17' N.
Tegem, t. Bavaria, 28 m. S. S. E. Municfa,
Teglio, t. Italy, iu tfae -ValteUne, 20 ra. E, N. E.
Morbegno, 20 S. W. Bormio.
Tegoma, t Africa, in Asoudan, 50 ra. S. Agades.
Lon 12° Sff E. Lat. 19° Iff N.
Tehama, a sandy belt wfaicfa surrounds tfae pen
insula, of Arabia, beginning at Suez, and extend
ing to the mouth of the Red sea. Ita breadtfa va
ries ; it is however generally about two days jour
ney from the sea ahore to the rise of tfae faills. It
bears every mark of having been anciently a part
of tfae bed ofthe aea.
Teignmoulh, a-p, Eng, in Devonahire, on the
EngUah Channel, at the raouth of the Teign, 16
m, S, Exeter, 1 18 W. S, W. London, Lon, 3° 2ff '
W. Lat ,90° 2ff N, Pop. 2,0fin.
S2

TEM

729

Teinits, t. Bohemia, 26 m, S, W, Pilaen, 68 S.
W, Prague, Lon. 12° 57' E, I-at 49° 30' N,
Teinits, t. Moravia, 27 ra, S, S, E, Brunn.
Teisbach, t Bavaria, on the laer, 1 m. W. Din
gelfingen, 13 E. N. E. Landahut
Teith, r. Scotland, whicfa runs into tfae Forth,
2 m. above Stirling,
Teketanotth, or Cyprus creek, i. Alabama,, which
flows into the N, side of Tenneasee river, below
Florence, Tekoa, v. Palestine, built by Rehoboam king of
Judah, It was the native place of tfae prophet
Amos, 9 m, S, Bethlehem,
Telabib, in Sac, Geog, probably the same as
Thelabba, a oountry of Mesopotamia, between
lon, 53° and 54° E, lat, 36" and 37° N,
Telaruse, r. Aaia, which forma the N, boundary
of the kingdom of Queda, separating it frora Low
er Siam, and runa into tfae sea, in lon. 99° 42' E.
lat 6° SffN,
Telese, t. Naples, iu Lavora, the aee of a bishop,
18 m, E, N. E. Capua, 12 N, W, Benevento, Lon.
14" 32' E. Lat 41" 12' N,
Teldskai, or Allinskoi, lake of Russia, in Koli
van ; 52 ra, long, and 10 wide, 120 m. S, E, Biisk,
Lon, 87° 14' E. Lat. SI" 30' N.
Tdfoir, CO. Geo, on the N, aide of the Oakmul
gee. Pop, 744, including 218 slavea. At the
court-houae ia a poat otfice,
Telget, t. Prussian Stales, iu WestphaUa, 5 ra,
E, S. E, Munster,
Tell, t Huntingdon co. Pa, J ra, frora Waterloo.
Telles, s-p, Africa, in Fez, on the coast of tfae
Mediterranean, 120 ra, E, S, E, Tangiers,
TelUchery, city. Hind, on the coast of Malsibar,
belonging to the EngUsfa, and defended by lines.
The situation ofthe town is beautiful and healthy :
pepper is the great article of trade. It is one of
the atationa of the EngUsfa Cfaurch Miasionary So
ciety. 48 m. N. N. W. Calicut, 246 S. S. E. Goa.
Lon. 75° 2ff E. Lat 11° Iff N,
Tellieo, p-t, Blount co, Tennesaee, on tfae N,
bankof Tennessee river, at tfae confluence of Tel
lieo river, 50 m. S, VV, KnoxviUe,
Tdligt, t. Gerraany, in tfae bishopric of Mun
ster, with a rich abbey, on tfae Ems, 3 m, from
Munster, '
Tello, t. on tfae W. coast of Celebes, and cap, of
a kingdom, Lon, 120" 2' E, Lat, 5° S.
Teltaw, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, 10
m, S, Beriin, Lon. 13° IS' E, Lat 52° 23' N.
Teme, or Team, r. Eng, wfaich runs into the
Severn, 2 ra. below Worceater,
Temes, r. Hungary, which runs into the Dan
ube, oppoaite Belgrade,
Temesjiar, t Hungary, on the river Beg, which
forma a morass round it. It is strongly fortified,
and is the capital of a bannat, the residence of a
governor, smd tfae see of a Greek bisfaop. The
fortress ia a caatle witfa walla nine feet tfaick, and
requires a garrison of 14,000 men. Tfae bannat
of Temeavar containa about 450^000 inhabitants.
52 ra, N, N, E, Belgrade, 250 S. E, Vienna. Lon,
21° E, Lat, 45° 49' N. Pop, 10,097,
Temissah, t, Africa, in Fezzan, where the cara--
vana from Bornou, 'Torabuctou, and Mourzouk,
usuaUy stop, lo provide stores, 80 m, E, Mour
zouk, 12 E, Zuela,
Tempdburg, t. Prussian States, in Pomerania,
19 m, W, New Stettin, 40 E, Stargard, Lon, Iff"
12' E, Lat 53° 2ff N Pop, 1 ,800,
Temple, t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 40 m, N, W-
Augusta, Pop, 482.

730

TEN

Temple, p-t HiUsborough co. N, H, 30 m, S.
Concord. Pop. 941.
7'empldan, t, York Co, Lower Canadsi, on Otta
wa river, N,- W, of Montreal.
Tempktan, p-t. Worceater co. Maas. 27 ra. N.
W. Worcester, 60 W. N.W. Boaton. Pop. 1,205.
Templin, t. Pruasian Statea in Brandenburg, be
tween the Bodensee and Dolgensee. It carries on
a large trade in tiraber. 15 m. S. W, Prenzlow,
34 N. Berlin, Lon, 13" 34' E, Lat, S3" 3' N, Pop,
2,500, Temse?ia,. province, Morocoo, on the coast of the
Atlantic, to the soutfa" of SaUee.
Tenasserim, t. Lower Siam, 44 m. S, E, Mergui,
Lon 98" Sff E, Lat 1 1" 35' N,
Tenasserim, isl near the coast of Siam. Lon.
97° 2ff E. Lat, 12" 2ff N,
Tenbury, or Tembury, t, Eng, in Worceater-
sbire, situated on the Teme, 19 ra. N, W, Worces
ter, 130 N, W, London, Lon, 2° 2ff W, Lat, 62°
21' N,
Tenby, or Tenbigh, s-p, Wales, in Pembroke, at
tfae faead ofa amall bay, called Tenby Raad, 12 m,
E, Pembroke, 233 W, London, Lon, 5" 8' W, Lat
51" SffN,
Tench's Island, isl. in the Pacific Oce-du, Lon.
150° 31' E, Lat, 1° Sff S,
Tenda, I, Africa, cap, of a country of tfae sarae
name, on tfae rigfat bank of tfae Gambia, Lon. 11°
So W, Lat 13" 2'N,
Tenda, t. Piedraont, situated at the union of the
Roia and Brogna, 22 m, N. E, Nice, 17 S, Coni,
Tenedos, ial. in the Grecian Archipelago, about
20 m, in circuraference, near the coast of Asia, and
the Dardanellea, Ita position near the mouth of
the Hellespont has always raade it iraportant,
Vessela bound to Conatantinople find ahelter in its
ports. The principal article of export is wine.
The town of Tenedos contains 6,000 inhabitanta,
Lon, 26° E. Lat, 39° 53' N,
Tenember, isl, in tfae E, Indian Sea, 12 railea
long -and S broad, Lon, 132° 45' E. Lat 6° Sff S,
Tenen, or Knin, t. Dalraatia, on tfae bordera of
Bosnia, and tfae sec of a bishop, 48 m, S, Bifaacs,
Tcneree, v. Syria, in Aleppo, .10 m, N, Sfaogle,
; Teneriffe, one ofthe Canary Islanda, the aecond
in dignity, bul the first probably in wealth, and
fertility. The form ia triangular, extending itaelf
into three capea, tfae nearest beiug about eigfaty
leagues from the coast of Africa. The celebrated
peak of Tenerifl'e is 12,176 feet above the level of
the sea. Although the top appears sharp, yet it ia
flat for the extent of an acre of ground, in the cen
tre of wfaicfa is a dreadful volcano, wfaich frequent
ly breaka out into flaraea, ao violent aa lo shsike
tfae wfaole island. Smoke constantly issues from
the mountain, near its sumrait, but no eruption
haa occurred since 1704, wfaen ffae port of Garra-
cfaico was deatroyed, and the harbor filled by tbe
lava. The island is divided in the raiddle of a
ridge of mountains, wfaich have been compared to
tfae roof of a cfaurcfa, the peak forraing the spire or
steeple in tfae centre. A large part of the ialand
ia rocky, but the remainder producea wfaeat, rye,
barley, and tfae vine. See Canaries. Lon, of the
Peak, according loCapt, Cook, 16° 4ff Sff' W. Lat,
28° IffN, .
Teneriffe, t. S. America, in Caraccaa, 80 m, S,
S, W, St. Martha, 70 S, E, Carthagena, Lon, 74°
Sff W, Lat 10" 2' N.
Tennn, r. which runa into the Adriatic, 4 ra, E,
N, E, Fermo.
Tennessee, one ofthe U, S, bounded N, by Ken-

TEN
tucky ; E, by North Carolina ; S, by Georgia, Al
abama, and Mississippi; and W, by Misaissippi
river, which aeparatea it from Arkansaw territory.
It Uea between 35° and S6° 30' N. lat. and belween
81" 30' and 90° Iff W. lon. Il is 430 miles long,
104 brosid, and containa 40,000 square miles, or
25,600,000 acres. Pop. in 1790, 36,691 ; in 1800,
105,602 ; in 1810, 261,727, of whom 44,535 were
slavea, and 1,317 free blacks ; and in 1820, 422,505.
The number of militia in 1821, was 36,146.
The Cumberland raountaina run from S, W, to
N, E, tlirougfa the centre ot the state, and divide
it into East Tenneasee and West Tennessee,
East Tennessee ia interaected by mountains, buf
the vaUiea between the ridgea are fertfle. West
Tennessee ia partly level and partly hilly, and
contains much fertile soil, particutarly on the
banka of tfae rivera. The principsd productions
are cotton, tobacco, wheat, hemp, and Indian
com. 'The tfaree firat are exported in large quan
tities. Tfae uaual route to a market is down the
Tenneaaee and Cumberland rivers to the Ohio,
and thence down tfae Ohio and Miaaiaaippi to New-
Orleana. This course is very circuitous, and it is
expected tfaat a road or canal wrill soon be formed,
connecting Tennessee river with some of the
branchea of the Tombigbee, wfaicfa wfll shorten
the distance to the Gulfof Slexico more than one
half. Cattle are raised in large numbera in Eaat
Tenneasee, and sent to the seaports ou the Atlan
tic. Foreign goods imported into tfae atate have
hitherto been brougfat from Phfladelpliia and Bal
timore to East Tennessee in waggons; and to
Weal Tennessee, principaUy in waggons as far as
Pittsbuig, and tfaence by water down the Ohio
and up the Cumberland.
Tfae cUmale of Tenneasee is generally healthy.
The season of vegetation commences 6 or 7 weeks
sooner than in New-Hampshfre, and continues as
rauch later. Snow falls seldora, and does not Ue
long. Ten inches ia a deep snow, and 10 daya an
exfraordinary term for ite duration, Cumberland
river has been frozen bul 3 or 4 times since the
settiement of tfae country. The western part of
tfae atate, included between Tennessee smd Miasia
sippi rivera, was recently in posaeaaion of the
Chickasaws, but haa been ceded by them to the
United States. The Cherokeea own a lai^e aec
tion in the S. E. corner of the state, on both sides
of Hiwassee river.
Tfae legislature consiats ofa aenate smd houae of
representatives, tfae members of wfaich, together
with the governor, are chosen biennially in Au
guat. The principal denominations of Christians
are Metfaodists, Baptiata, and Presbyterians.
There are nominally 4 colleges in the state ; 1 at
Greenville, 1 at KnoxviUe, I at NashviUe, and 1
in Washington county, •
Tennessee, r, U. Stales, formed by aeveral
brancfaea which rise in the western parts of Vir
ginia and the Carolinas, and unite a little west of
KnoxviUe. It runs S, W. through the state of
Tennessee into Alabama ; it then turns and runs
N. W. througfa Tennessee into Kentucky, and
empties into the Ohio near its raouth. Its courae
resembles the letter V. It is navigable to the
Muscle Shoab, 259 miles, at all seasons of the
year. Hero it spreads out, and becomes so shal
low, that it is difficult for boats to pass, when the
water is low. Above the shoals there is no ob
struction for 250 mfles, till you come to the Suck
or Whirl, where the river breaka through the
Curaberland mountain?. The river is here com-

TER

TER

731

pressed to a width of about 70 yards. Just as it
enters the mountain, a large rock projects from
the northem ahore, which cauaea a audden bend
in the river; the -water ia thrown with great
violence and rapidity against the soutfaem ahore,
wfaence it rebounda around the point of the rook,
and producea the whirl. Boata ascend and de
scend tfae whirl wihout much danger or difficulty,
Tennessee ridge, mountains of Tennessee which
separate the waters of the Tennessee and Cum
berland rivers.
Tennis, t Egypt, on an ialand in a lake of the
same name, 28 m, S, E, Daraiella, Lon, 32° 14'
E. 31° 2'N,
Tennis, or Tniss, s-p, Algiers, al the raouth ofa
river which runs into the Mediterranean oppoaite
a amall island, 24 m, W. SfaersheU, 1 10 W, Algiera,
Lon, 1" Iff E. Lat 36° 33' N.
Tensaw, r, Alabama, the eaatern outlet of Mo
bile river, Il leaves the main stream 7 m, below
Fort Stoddert, and flows into Mobile bay 6 m. E,
of the western outlet,
Thnsaw, p-t, Waafaington co, Alabama, nesu:
Mobile bay,
Tensaw, r, Louisiana, which joins the Wachitta
on the E, at the oppoaite mouth of the Ocatahoola,
Tenremonde. See Dendermonde.
Tenstodt, t Prusaian Statea, Saxony, 11 m, N,
W, Erfurt, 14 E. Mulhausen. Lon. 10" 6ff E,
Lat 61° ff N, Pop, 2,300,
Ten-tcheau, city, China, of the firat rank, in
Chan-long, on the aea ahore, with a convenient
harbor, 260 m, S, E. Peking, Lon, 120" 44' E,
Lat 37° 4ff N,
Tenterden, t. Eng. in Kent, remarkable for its
lofty steeple, 26 ra, E, S. E, Tunbridge, 56 S. E,
London, Lon, 0° 41' E, Lat, 51° 4' N, Pop, 2,786,
Teoa^sinco, t, Mexico, in Tlaacala, 20 m, E,
Tlsiscalsu Tepiru, t. Buenos Ayres, 18 m, N, W, St, Yago
del Eatero.
Tepkos, Russian settlement in N, Araerica, on
Beering's Strait Lon, 112° 4' E, Lat, 66" N.
Teplits, t, Boheraia, 14 m. W, N, W. Leitmeritz.
Tequendamah falls. See Bogota, Rio, de.
Ter, r. Spain, wliich runa into tfae Mediterra
nean, 20 ra, E, Gerona,
Teromo, t. Naplea, in Abruzzo Ultra ; the see
ofa biahop, 22 m, N, N. E. Aquila, 108 N. Naplea.
Lon. 13" 4ff E. Lat 42° 37' N.
Teran^, t Egypt, on tfae W. brancfa ofthe Nile,
18 m. N. W. Cairo, 48 S. Faoua. Lon. 30° 45' E.
Lat 30° SO'N.
Tercera, or Terceira, one of the Azorea Islands,
54 m, in circumference. The only tolerable port
is the harbor of Angra, The island is pleaaant
healthy and fertile, producing excellent vines,
wheat, lemons, oranges, &c, Lon, 27° 6' W, Lat,
38° 4ff N,
Tirchiz, or Tershiz, t. Peraia, in Chorasan, for
merly a celebrated fortress, 120 m, W, N, W, He
rat Lon, 57" VU E, Lat, 36° N,
Tergovili, or Tergovislo, t, and cap, of Walla
chia, 64 m, S. E. Hermenstadt, 180 E. N, E, Bel
grade, Lon. 26° 2ffE, Lat 45° ffN, Pop. 5,000.
Terki, or Terek, or Thirk, r. Rusaia, which runs
into the Caspian Sea, near Turkin.
Terki. See Turkin.
Termed, or Tarmad, t. Grand Bukharia, at the
union of two large rivera, whoae united streams
form tfae Jihon, ISO ra. S. Samarcand, SON. Balk.
Lon. 65" 48' E, Lat, 37° Sff N,

Termeh, or Karmili, v. A, Turkey, whidi runs
into the Black Sea, SO ra. N, E. Sarasoun,
Termination Island, isl, in the Pacific Ocean, on
the S, W, coast of New Holland. Lon. 122" 8' E',
Lat 34° 32' S.
Termini, t. Sicily, on the N, coast, celebrated
for its warm hatha, 18 ra, E. Palerrao, Lon, 13°
45' E, Lat, 38" 5' N, Pop. 10,000, '
Termini. See Termoli.
Termoli, or Termini, t. Naples, in Capitanata ;
the see of a bishop, 57 ra, VV. Vieste, 84 N, N. E,
Naples, Lon, 15° ff E. Lat 42° 2' N.
Tern, i-, Eng, whicfa runs into the Severn, 7 ra.
below Shrewsbury.
Ternate, ial. in the E. Indian Sea, and the prin
cipal ofthe Moluccaa or Spice Islanda, ofa circu
lar form, and about 18 ra. in circumference. In
tfae centre ia a lofty volcanic mountain. The pro
ductiona are cocoa-nuta, banansis, yams, oranges,
and otfaer fruits ; but the principal article of com
merce is cloves. Lon. 127° 10' E. Lat 0° 60' N.
Temay, Boy of, bay on the E. coast of Chinese
Tartary. Lon. 137° 29' E. Lat 45" Iff N.
Temeuse, t Flanders, on the W. branch of the
Scheld, caUed the Hondt, 12 m, S, E, Flushing, 25
W, N. W. Antwerp.
Temi, (an. Interamnium,) t Popedom, in fhe
duchy of Spoleto, belween two arms of the Nera.
It ia well buflt, and the see of a bishop, 14 m, S,
S. W. Spoleto, 40 N, Rome, Lon, 12" 37' E. Lat.
2° 34' N, Pop. 7,000,
Ternava, t. Eu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, 95 m. E,
Sophia, 200 N, W, Constantinople, Lon, 25° 24'
E, Lat 43° N, 4
Ternava, t. Eu. Turkey, in Tfaeasaly, on the Pe
neua, 5 m, W, N, W. Larissa, ,
Terra Australis del Espiritu Santa, isl, in the
Pacific ocean, and the raost westerly as well aa
the largest of those called New Hebrides, 60 railes
long and SO broad. Lon. 166° 4ff to 167° 32' E,
Lat 14° 40' to 15" 40' S,
Terra Firma, a narae formerly applied to the
country now csflled New Granada, in the N, W,
part of South America,
Terra del Fuego, " the lond of fire,' ' isl, sepa-
rated, from the southern extreraity of Araerica by
tfae straita of Magellan, The country ia dreary
and uncorafortable, consisting of a chain of atu-
pendoua rocka, continually covered with snow,
Lon. 51° 20' to 58° W. Lat 52° SO' lo 55° 35' S.
Terra firma of Mingan, seigniory, extending
from Cape Cormorant, in Northumberland co.
Lower Canada, along the Labrador channel, to
Goynish river in Labrador,
Terra Magdlonica. See Patagonia.
Terracina, (an, Anxur,) t. Popedom, in the
Campagna di Roma, situated in a very fruitful but
marahy country. It faad once a faarbor, which is
now choked up, 20 ra, W, Sezza, 47 S, E. Rome,
Pop, 9,000,
Terra Nova, seaport, Sicily, in a gulf or bay of
the Mediterranean, 50 m. W, Syracuse, 14 E. S.
E, Alicata. Lon, 14° Iff E, Lat, 37° N, Pop,
7,500, Terra Nuova, t. Sardinia, on a bay ofthe Medi
terranean, 57 m. E, N, E. Sassari, 102 N, Cagliari,
Lon, 9° 4ff E, Lat 40° 52' N,
Terrasson, t France, in Dordogne, 18 m, N. E,
Montignac, 25 E, Perigueux. Lon. 1°22'E. Lat
45° 7' N.
Terre aux Boeufs, settleraent, Louisiana, jiist
above the EngUsh turn, in the river Missiaaippi.
Terre bonne, seigniory, Effingham co. Lewer

732

T E T

THA

Canada, on St, Jean river, 16 ra, N, W, Mon
freal, Terre Haute, setUement, Vigo co, Indiana, on a
tract of high prairie land, on the E, bank of the
Wabash, 3 m, below Fort Harriaon, Here ia a
poat-office, Terresso, one of the Nicobar ialanda, about 16
mflea long, Lon, 93° 36' E. Lat. 8° 20' N.
Terriore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 24 m, N,
Triohinopoli, 87 S, W. Pondicfaerry, Lon, 78°
45' E, Lat 11" 12'N,
Terrymlk, p-v. Mecklenburg co. Va,
Tertry, v. France, in Aisne, 9 m, W. St, Quen
tin. Teruel, t Spain, in Arragon, at tfae conflux of
the Guadalaviar and the Alharabra ; the see of a
bishop ; 72 ra. S. Saragossa, 134 E, Madrid, Lon,
1° W. Lat, 40" 32 N. Pop, 6,200,
Teschen, or Teissin, t Austrian Silesia, which
gives narae to a circle. It is on the Elsa, partly
in a valley and partly on a, hill, and aurrounded
by a raoraaa ; 26 ra, S, E, Ratibor, 30 E, Troppau,
Lon. 18° 41' E- Lat. 49° 4ff N, Pop. 5,379.
Tesegddt, t. Morocco, 80 m. W, N, W, Morocco,
20 S, Mogador,
Tesino, r. Italy, whicfa riaea in Mount St, Go
thard, and passing through lake Maggiora, falls
into the Po, at Pavia,
Tesino, or Tessin, t. Tyrol, 24 m, N, E, Trent,
29 S. E, Bolzano,
Tesoro, small isl, in the Spanish Main, near tfae
coast of South America, Lon, 76° 46' W, Lat,
10° 8' N,
Test or Tese, r, Eng. whicfa runa into Soutfaamp-
ton Water,
Testa di Mara, amall ial. near tfae E. coast of
Sardinia, Lon, 9° 6ff E. Lat. 40° 45' N,
Testigos, Los, small islands, 10 leagues from the
continent of South America, Lon. 62° 5' W, Lat
11° 2ff N.
Tet, r. France, which runa into the Mediterra
nean, 7 m. E, Perpignan,
Tetbury. See Tedbury.
Tele de Buch, La, t. France, in Gironde, on the
S, side of a large bay, called The Harbor of Ar-
eachan, the entrance of which is dangerous ; 30
m. S, W, Bourdeaux,
Tethuroa, isl, in the Pacific ocean, aubject to
Otaheite, 24 m. N, W, Point Venus, Lou, 149°
Sff W, Lat, 17° 4' S,
Teton, I . Missouri Territory, wfaich flows into
the Missouri, Its mouth ia 1,263 miles from tfae
Mississippi. Tetrina, I. Russia, in Arcfaangel, near tfae Wfaite
sea, 100 m. N, N. W. Arcfaangel.
Tetschin, or Tetzin, or Dietschin, t. Bohemia,
on the Elbe, 40 m, N, Prague, Lon, 14° 17' E,
Lat.50°4ffN, Tettenhal, or Tetndl, v. Eng, in Staffbrdsfaire, 2
m. N. W, Wolverhampton.
Tettnong, t Wurteraberg, 8 m. N. Lindau, 18
E, N. E. Constance, Pop, 1,300,
Tettua Motu, cape onthe E, coaat of New Zea
land, tfae N, E. point of Poverty bay, Lon, 181°
30' W,' Lat. 38" 36' N.
Tetuan, or Tetleget, or Tdewen, t Africa, on the
coast of P'ez, about half a mile from the Mediter
ranean, inhabited by Moors and Jews, 30 m, S, E.
Tangiers, Lon, 6° 20' W, Lat. 35° 30' N, Pop,
5,000, Tetyan Head, cape on the W, coaat ofthe islsmd
of Mindanao. Lon, 124° Sff E, Lat, 7° 2ff N,

TeiieAem, t, IVusaian atates, in Saxony, in Thu*
ringJEi, 18 m,S,iW, Leipsic, Pop, 700,
Teuffen, t, Switzerland, in Appenzel, 6 m, N,
N, W, Appenzel, 4 S. S, E, St, GaU,
Teufing, or Tausim, t Bohemia, 22 m. N. W.
Pilsen. Lon, 13° ff E. Lat 50" 2' N,
Teupitz, t. Prussian states, 20 m, S. Berlin, Lon,
]3"S0'E, Lat 62" ffN, f
Teurert, or Tevrert, t, Fez, on the bordera of Al
giers, 40m, E, N, E.Teza. Lon, 3° SO' W, Lat
34" 2'N,
Teuschnitz, t, Bavaria, 34 m, N. E, Bamberg,
1 2 N. Culmbach, Lon. 1 1° 30' E. Lat 60" 23' N,
Pop. 714.
Tewkesbury, t, England, in Gloucester, at the
conflux of tfae Severn and tfae Avon. Near thia
town was fought a most bloody battte between the
parlies of York and Lancaster, which put a final
period to the power of tfae tatter. Tewkesbury
ia at present chiefly distinguisfaed for its manufac
ture of stockings. It sends two members to par«
Uament 1 1 m, N, E, Gloucester, 104 W, Lou
don, Lon,2°ffW, Lat 52° 2'N. Pop, 4,820.
Tewksbury, t. Quebec co. Lower Canada, on the
N. side of the St Lawrence, 20 ra. N. Quebec.
Tewskbury, p-t Middlesex co, Mass. 23 m. N,
Boston, Pop, 943,
Tewksbury, t. Hunterdon co. N. J, Pop, 1,308,,
Texas, country. North Araerica, bounded £. by
Louisiana ; S, E, by the gulf of Mexico ; W, and
S. W, by Uie Rio del Norte ; N. and N, E, by Red
river. Its greatest length is 800 miles, its great
est breadth 600, and its area 240,000 square mfles.
According to the late treaty, it is wholly included
in the Spaniah dorainions. The air is pure, se
rene, and healthful, Though taken as a whole it
cannot be considered a fertile country, yet there
su-e raany fine tracts. Red river and several other
strearas wfl 1 probably admit of setUements through
their wfaole extent
Texel, or Tessel, ial, Holland, about II mfles
long and 6 broad, at tbe mouth of tfae Zuyder
Zee, witfa a capacious and good harbor, and a fort
wfaicfa commands the entrance i besidea a town of
the aame name, it contains 6 villages : tbe land is
fertile in psisture, and the whole weU secured -with
dykea of prodigious strength and faeigfat Near
this island was the celebrated sea-fight, between
the fleet of Holland, under "Admiral Martin Har-
pertz Tromp, aud that of England, under Admi
ral Blake, in 1653, in which Trorap was kiUed,
Lon. 4" 4ff E. Lat. 53° 6' N.
Teya, r. Austria, which passes through a part of
Moravia, and runs into Uie Marscfa, 11 m. N. E.
Zislersdorf. Teyti, t Bohemia, 12 m. W,N, W, JungBunt-
zel, Tesa, t. Fez, 50 m. N, N, E, Fez, 60 S, E, Te
tuan, Lon. 4° Iff W. Lat 34° 5' N.
Tezcuco, t. Mexico, 15 ra. E.Mexico.
Tezzoute, t. Algiers, supposed to be the Lambe-
sa of the ancients. The ruins extend nearly 3
leagues in circumference. 70 m. S. S. W. Con
stantina, 140 S. E, Algiers, Lon. 5" 68' E. Lat.
36° 24' N,
TAuinee, (an, Tlima, or Thence,) t. Tunis, on
the coast, 50 m, S. S, W. El Medea, 69 S. S. E,
CairoEui, Tliois, t. France, 6 m. S, S, E, Paris,
Thalmessing, or Thatmessingen, t. Germany, 31
m, S, E, Anspach, 12 N, Aichstatt Lon, 11° 10'
E, Lat 49° r N,

THE

T H I

733

. Thame, or Thme, t England, in Oxford, on the
viver Tame, which is navigable for bargea, 13 m,
E,Oxford, 45 N,W, London, Lon.O" 53' E, Lat
61° 46' N,
Thames, r, England, which riaea about 3 miles
S, from Cheltenham, and paaaing by Lechdale,
Oxford, Abingdon, Marlow, Windaor, Stainea,
Kingston, Richmond, Breutford, Westminster,
London, Greenwich, Woolwich, Grovesend, &c,
faUs into the Gerraan ocean, 'The tide runs aa
far up sia Ricfamond, about 70 miles from the sea.
Large merchant ships go up lo London, and bar
ges as far as Lechdale,
TAames, r. Upper Canada, which runs into lake
St Clair, in lon, 82" Iff W. Lat 42° 45' N,
Thames, i. Conn, ia formed by the union of
Shetucket and Norwich rivera, at Norwich land
ing, and running S, 14 mUes, emptiea into Long
laland sound at New London, It is navigable for
sea vesaela to Norwich,
Thomsbruek, or T/i6»nas6rucft, t Pruasian states,
in Saxony,- 8 ra, S, E, Mulfaauaen, 16 W, N, W,
Erfurt, Lon, 10° 42' E, Lat 51° ff N, Pop,
1,050. Thanet, Island of, isl, Eng. pat the S, E. part of
the county of Kent, divided frora tfae reat of the
county by the river Stour, Tfae principal towna
are Margate and Ramsgate,
ITiannhaufen, or Tannhavisen, t Gerraany, 22
m. E, Ulm, Lon, 10° 28' E. Lat 48° Iff N,
Thanwald, t. SUeaia, 13 m, N, W, Brealau,
Thaso, isl. of tfae Grecian arcfaipelago, in tfae
gulf of Contesa, formerly famous for its rich gold
min^. Lon. 24" 46' E. Lat 40" 34' N.
Thatcham, t. Eng. in Berkahire, 4 m. E. New
bury, 62 W. London.
Thatcher's Island, smaU ial. off the coaat of
Masa. 1 ra. E- Cape Ann,
Thaxted, t Eng, in Eaaex, 6 m, W, Dunmow,
43 N, N, E, London, Lon, 0° 2ff E, Lat, 31°
SffN. ThedkikL See Kankakee.
Theano, or Tiano, t Naples, 15 m, N, Capua,
Thebaid. See Said.
Zfeeies, See Thiva.
Tnedinghausen, t. Germany, in Brunawick, 12
m, N, N, W, Hoya, Pop, 1,500,
Tliemar, t Germany, in Ssixe-Coburg-Saalfeld,
on the Werra, 12 ra, S, E, Meinungen, Pop,
l,SOO, Thenesay, t. France, in Two Sevres, 10 m, N,
E. Partenay, 7 S. E, Airvault,
Thengen, t. Gerraany, 22 m, N, W, Constance,
8 N. Schaffhausen.
Theodosia, or Caffa. See Caffa.
Theapolis, a station of the London Missionary
Society, in tfae colony of tfae Cape of Good Hope,
60 m. N. E. Betfaelsdorp, 660 E. Capetown. It is
exposed to tfae depredationa of tfae Ca-ffres.
Therasia, amall isl. in the Grecian arcfaipelago,
sepsirated from tfae N. W. cosiat of Ssratoriu by a
narrow channel, S ra. N. St. Nicolo,
Thermia, ial, in tfae Grecian archipelago, 12
mfles long and 6 broad, so called from ita abound
ing with hot apringa- If produces large quanti
tiea of barley, wine, figa, honey, wsix, fine ailk,
and cotton. The Greek Christians in this island
are computed at 16,000, Lon. 24° 32' E. Lat. 37°
20' N.
Theroaamne, t France, in straits of Csdais, ou
the Lys, 6 m. S. St. Omer, -4 W. Aire.
Thessakn, r. Canada, which runs into lake Hu
ron, in Ion. 82° 2ff W. lat 46° 9' N.

Tliessalonica, in Sac. Geog. See Sakniki.
Thessaly, or Jorma, province, Eu. Turkey,
bounded N. by Macedonia, E. by the Archipelago,
S. by Livadia, and W. by Livadia and Epire : an
cientiy caUed ThessoUa, Peksgia, and Pyrrhea,
and now by the Turks Janna. It waa sometime*
annexed to Macedonia, and sometimes divided
from it Among its celebrated raountaina, the
moat reraarkable are Olyrapus, Pelion, andOssa,
Here also are the plains of Pharsalia, and the de
lightful valley of Terape. The country is fertile,
producing oranges, citrons, leraons, poraegranalcs,
grapes, figs, and raelons,
Thetford, t. England, situated on the Lesser
Ouse, partly in Norfolk and partly iu Suffolk. Its
chief manufacture is woollen clotfa. It returns 2
members to parlisiraent, 29 ra, S, W, Norwich,
80 N, E, London, Lon, 0° 45' E, Lat 62° 25' N,
Pop. 2,450.
Thetford, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 45
m, S. Quebec.
Thetford, p-t. Orange co, Vt on Connecticut
river, 28 ra, above Windsor, Pop, 1,735,
Theux, t Netherlands, 3 ra. N. W. Spa,
Theysse, r, whicfa rises in tfae E. part of Hun
gary, -and runs into the Danube, 19 m. N. W, Bel
grade, Thibet, country, Asia, extending from the
aource of tfae Indua to tfae borders of Cfaina, and
from Hindoostan to the desisrts of Cobi, 1,500 miles
long from E, lo W, Little Thibet, whicfa is situ
ated between Thibet and Cashgar, is not connect
ed with this counfry. Thibet is governed by the
grand lama, who ia aovereign pontiff of tfae great- ^
er part of Chinese srad Independent Tartary.
The great lama resides near the city of Lassa,
. and receives the adoration of the natives, as well
aa of numberleas foreigners, who undertake long
and painful journies to pay himlioraage. Beaidea
the great lama, who is the head of religion, and
aovereign of Thibet, there are other princes, wfao
have cities, and many aubjecta under thera, Thi
bet is now ranked among the tributary dominions
of the eraperor of China, Tfae exports are gold
dust, diamonds, pearls, coral, rausk, woollen cloth,
larabskins, rock salt, lineal, fine goat's hair, and
ahawls, Thiel, or Tiel, city, Netherlands, in Guelder
land, on the N, aide of the Wahal, in a araall isl
and, 18 m, N, N. E, Boisle Due, 6 W, Nimmegen.
Pop, 3,731,
Thielle, r. Switzerland, which runs into the
Aar, 3 ra, below Buren,
Thiers, t. France, in Puy-de-Dorae. Here are
manufactures 'of cutlery, playing cards, paper,
thread, fee. 21 m, S, E. Gannat, 20 E. Clermont
Lon, 3" 38' E. Lat 46" 52' N, Pop. 10,605,
Thionville, t. France, iu Moselle, on the Mo
seUe, Si posts N, Metz, 39i E. N. E. Paris, Lon.
6" 15' E, Lat 49" 21' N. Pop, 5,413.
Thirlwal Castle, a boundary fortress between
England and Scotland, on the Pict's Wall, 3 m.
N, W, Haltwesel.
Thirsk, or Thrusk, t, Eiug. in Yorkshire, 41 m,
W, Scarborough, 230 N, London, Lon, 1° 23' W,
Lat. 54° Iff N,
Thirsty Sound, inlet on the N, E. coast of New
Holland, Lon, 210° Iff W, Lat. 22" Iff S,
Thirstonland, t Eng.in Yorkahire, 4 m, S, Hud
dersfield. Thirlymik, or Dead River, r. Maine, which runs
into the Androscoggin, in Liverraore,
Thiva, or Stibes, (an, Thebes,) t En, Turkey,

734

THO

in Livadia, situated on a riaing ground between
two araall rivers, 28 ra, W, N, W, Athena, 32 S. E,
Livadia, Lon, 23° 34' E, Lat, 38° 25' N, Pop,
4,500. Thisy, t France, 27 m, N, W, Lyona,
Thaco, ial, in the Grecian arcfaipelago, near the
coast of Greece, Lon, 23° 21' E, Lat 37° 20' N,
Thomar, t Portugal, in Eatremadura, 63 m. N,
E, Liabon, 42 S, Coirabra, Lon. 8° ff W, Lat,
39°34'N, Thomas's Creelt, r. S. Carolina, which runs into
the Great Pedee, I ra, from Chatham,
Thamastown, t. Ireland, in Kilkenny, 16 ra, N,
Waterford, 8 S, S, E, Kilkenny,
Thamastown, p-t, Lincoln co, Maine, on the W,
side of Penobacot bay, at ite enfrance, 36 ra, E,
Wiacaaaet, 85 E, N, E, Portland, 203 N. E. Boa
ton, Il ia a flourishing town, and exports large
quantities of lime and. lumber. Limestone is
found in large quantities, and between 30 and 40
lime kilns have been erected, Tfaere are two
cfaurches, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap
tists. Pop. in 1820, 2,561,
Thompson, p-t Windham ce, Ct, 46 ra, E, N, E.
Hartford, Pop, 2,467.
Thompson, t. and cap. Sullivan co. N. Y. 34 m.
frora Newburgh, 22 frora Detaware river. Pop.
1,300. Thompson's creek, r. Feliciana district, Louis
iana, whicfa runa into the Mississippi, 7 m. below
Poinl Coupee.
Thompson's salt-works, p-v. Jefferson co, Ohio,
Thampsontawn, p-v. Mifllin co. Pa,
• Thonnaustauff, t. Bavaria, near the Danube,
3 m, frora Ratiabon.
Thanon, or Tonon, t Savoy, on Ifae lake of Ge
neva, 18 m. N. E. Geneva. Lon, 6" 32'E, Lat
46" IffN.
Thorn, city, Prussia, on the Vistula. II is de
fended by a fine double wall and moats. It was
formerly strongly fortified, and was aplace of very
considerable trade, and one of tfae principal of
the Hanse towns. But it faas now declined, the
river having become so ahallow that ahips of bur
den cannot come up to the city, 70 m. S, Dant
zic, Lon. 18° 30' E, Lat, 62° 65' N. Pop, 8,371,
Thorn, t. Eng. in Yorksfaire, 31 ra. S, York, 166
N, London, Lon. 1° W, Lat, 53° 4ff N.
Thorn, t. Perry co. Ofaio, 6 m. N. W, Somerset,
Thornbury, t Eng. in Gloucester, 12 ra. N,
Bristol, 121 W, London, Lon, 2° Sff W, Lat 5 1°
4ff N.
Thprncomb, t, Eng. in Devonshire, 2 ra. N. E,
Axminster. TharnhiU, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 5 m, W, Wake
field. Thorney Abbey, t. Eng. in Cambridge, 6 ra. N,
E. Peterborough, 87 N. London.
Thorney Island, small isl. in a bay of the Eng
lish channel, near the coast of Sussex, 7 m. S, W,
Chichester, Tlmrnlon, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 4 m. W, Brad
ford, Thornton, t, Eng, in Yorkshire, 12 m, N, Slelle,
Thornsburg, p-v, Spottsyl vania co, Va,
Tliarnton, t. Grafton co, N, H, 46 m, N, Con
cord, Pop, 794.
Thornton's Gap, p-v, Culpepper co, Va,
Thornville, p-t. Perry co, Ohio, 9 ra, N, W,
Soraeraet Thorold, t Linf-oln co. Upper Canada, on Chip
peway river.

T H U
Thorae, amall isl. of Denmark, in the Little Belt,
near the island of Funen. Lon. 9° 63' E. Lat 65°
15'N. Thorp Arch, v. Eng. in Yorkahire, 3 m. S. E.
Welherby. '
Thorshaven, s-p. of tfae island of Stromoe, and
capitalof all the Faroer ialanda.
Thouars, t France, in Two Sevres, 31 m. W. ^
Poitiers, 39 N, Niort, Lon, 0° 8' W, Lat, 46° Sff
N, Pop, 2,035,
Thousand Islands, small islands in the Straits of
Sunda, Lon. 106" Sff E. Lat. 5° 33' S,
Thousand Islands, araall islands in tfae river St
Lawrence, a little below Lake Ontsu-io.
Thropston, t Eng. in Northampton, 18 m. N. E.
Northampton, 76 N. Londou. Lon. ff" 32' W.
Lat 62° 25' N.
Three Brothers, 3 small islands intbelndiansea,
near tfae E. coast of Madagascar. Lon. 51° Iff N.
Lat 13" 20' S.
Three Brothers, 3 amaU istanda iu tfae E. Indian
aea. Lon. 133° Iff E. Lat 6° Sff S.
37tree Brothers, S small islanda in tfae AUantic,
near Prince's Island. Lon. 7° E. Lat 1° 32 N,
Three Brothers, 3 iinall ialsmda iu the E, Indian
sea, nesu- the W, coast of Amboyna, Lon, 128° 18'
E. Lat 3" Sff S,
Three Brothers, small ialands near fhe S. W,
coaat of Celebes. Lon. 1 19° Sff E, Lat 5° 25' S.
Three Kings, isL in the Pacific ocean, near the
N. coast of New Zealand, Lou, 172° 12' E, Lat
34" 12' S,
Three Rivers. See Trois Rimers.
Three Sisters, 3 small islands on the W, siile of
Cfaesapeake bay, N. of Parker's island.
Threshold Point, cape on tfae N. W. coast of
New Guinea. Lon. 132° E. Lat 0° 37' S.
Thrum Cap Island, small island in the Pacific
ocean. Lon. 139° 4ff W. Lat 18° 35' S.
Thrushd, r. Eng. wfaich runs into the Tamer,
oppoaite Launceston.
Thuin, t. Netherlands, on tfae Sambre, 14 m. S.
E. Mons, 48 W. S. W. Liege. Lon. 4° 21' E. Lat
50° 2ff N. Pop, 2,706,
Thule, (Southern,) a part of Sandwich La^^, in
the Atlantic ocean, and the most southerly land
yet discovered, Lon. 27° 45' W, Lat 59° 34' S,
Thum, t. Saxony, 7 m, S. Cheranitz, 36 W. S.
W. Dresden, Lon. 12° Sff E. Lat 50° 37' .\,
Thun, t, Swisserland, in Berne, 20 m, S, E
Berne. Lon. 7° 31' E, Lat 46° 44' N,
Thun, lake, Swisserland, iu Berne, 12 miles
long, IS m. S, S, E, Berne,
Thunder bay, large hay of Michigan Territory,
onthe W, coast of Lalre Huron, N, .of Saganaw
bay, Thungen. See Tiengen.
Thunoe, small isl, Denmark, between the coast
of Jutland, and the island of Samsoe, Lon. 10'
27" E, Lat 55° 5ff N,
Thur, r, Switz, which runs into tfae Rhine, 7 m,
S, S. W, Scaffhausen.
Thurgau, canton, Swisserland, bounded N, by
Germanv and tfae Lake of Constance, E. by the
Lake of Constance, S, by St GaU, and W. by Zu
rich, and ScaflFhausen, Pop. 74,000, About one
third ofthe inhabitanta are Roman CathoUcs, and
the rest Calvinists.
Thuringia, formerly a circle of Saxony, lying
between the Saale and the Werra.
Thurles, t Ireland, in Tipperary, 20 m. W. Kil
kenny, ION. Caahel.

T I C

T I L

735

Thurlmere, lake, Eng, in Curaberland, from
whence a river runa to the Derwent, 3 m, S. E.
Keswick, Thurlaw, t. Hastings co. Up. Canada, on Lake
Ontario, W. of Kingston.
Thurlow's Island, isl. in the Pacific, near the
coast of N. Americsi, about 24 miles long. Lon.
233" 35' E. Lat 50° 24' N.
Thurman. See Athol, N. Y.
Thurnau, t. Germany, 21 ra. E. N. E. Baraberg.
Lon. 1 1° 26' E. Lat, 50" 2' N,
T%urotz, T. Hungary, wfaicfa runs intothe Waag,
12 m. N. Sl. Martin,
Thurso, s-p, Scotland, on the N. coast of Caith
nesa, in Dunnet Bay, 42 ra, N, N, E, Dornock,
Lon, 3" 22' W, Lat. 58" 31' N,
Thus, r. Peraia, which runa into the Caspian
sea, 40 ra. N. W, Zaweh,
Thwart the Way, isl, in the Straits of Sunda,
,Lon. 105" 4ff E. Lat, 5° Sff S,
Thwart the Way, ist in a bav on the coast of
New Guinea, Lon. 136° 54' E. Lat 2° Iff S, ,
Thyatira, in Sac. Geog, See Akiiisor.
Tiagnanuca, t. Buenos Ayres, 36 ra, N, W, La
Paz. Tiang-pataa, isl, of Corea, about 30 milea in cir
cumference. Lon. 124° 52' E. Lat 37° 2ff N,
Tiano, s.rnall. isl. in the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lat, 68" 42' N,
Tiaoyu-su, small ial. inthe Chinese sea, bclong-
ii^ to those caUed Lieou-kieou, Lon, 123° 37' E,
Lat 25" 55'N,
Tibaens, I, Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho,
4 m, W, Brsiga,
' Tibbermuir, v. Scotiand, in Perthahire, 4 ra. W.
Perth. Tibbo, a people of Africa, infaabiting the coun
try to the W. S, and E. of Fezzan,
Tiber, r. Italy, which riaea frora the Appennine
mountains, passes by Rorae, and runa into tfae
Mediterranean, in lon, 1 1" ff E, Lat, 41° 47' N,
Tiber creek. See Goose creek.
Tiberias. See Tobrio.
T'iboulen, small isl, in the Mediterranean, near
the coast of France, Lon, 6° 24' E, Lat 43°
15'N. Tiburon, Cape, S. America, al the enlrsrace of
the -gulf of Darien, Lon, 77° Iff W, Lat 9°
25' N,
Tiburon, sraaU isl. in the Pacifio ocean, Lat
14° S.
Tiburones, or JIfain Cape Reef, 2 small islands
near the coast of Honduras, Lon, 82° 8' W, Lat
15° 10' N,
Ticaa, one of the Philippine islands, about 25
mfles long and 3 to 8 broad, Lon, 123" 34' E, Lat,
12" Sff N.
Tichfidd, V. Eng, in Hanta, on a river which
runs into the Southampton \Valer, 8 m. N, W,
Gosport, 74 S. W, London.
Tickfah, r. Louisiana, wfaich flowa into Lake
Maurepas, 4 ra, N, ofthe moulfa of Araite river.
Tickle Harbour, faarbour on the E, coast of New
foundland, Tickill, t. Eng, in Yorksfaire, 44 ra, S, York, 155
N, London, Lon. 1° 12' W. Lat 53° 27' N,
Ticonderoga, p-t, Easex co, N, Y. on Lake
Champlain, Pop, 986, The fortreaa of Ticonde
roga so celebrated in the hiatory of .American
wars, was built ou a tongue of land of considerable
elevation, al the confluence of Lake George creek
with Lake Champlain, 15 m. K. Crown Point, 24
N. Whitehall, in N. lat. 43° Sff, On three sides it

ia surrounded by water, and about half ofthe other
side is occupied by a deep swarap. Mount Inde
pendence, often mentioned in connection with Ti
conderoga, lies on the E. side of Lake Cfaamplain,
about 2 m, S, E, of the fort Mount Defiance is
on Lake George creek, and most corapletely com
mands Ticonderoga, which is far below, and with
in fair cannon shot. The reraains of the fortifica
tions are still conspicuous, and the old stone bar
racks, erected by the French, are in part stand
ing, Ticoo Islands, cluster of sraall islands near the
W, coaat of Suraatra, Lon, 99° 13' E. Lat 0°
ff S,
Ticos, small isl, in the Pacific ocean, near the
E. coast of Lucon, Lon. 124° E, Lat 14° 10' N.
Tide, or Tidi, r. Eng, whicfa runa into the Ha-
raoaze below Saltash,
Tider, or Ner, small ial. in the Atlantic, near
Uie coast of Africa, Lat. 19° 30' N,
Tideswall, or TidesweU, t. Eng, in Derbyshire,
32 m. N, N, W, Derby, 158 N. London, Lon, 1°
Sff W, Lat 53" 20' N,
Tidla, r. Sweden, which runs into the Wenner
Lake, near Mariestadt,
Tidor, or Tidore, ial, in tfae E. Indian sea, and
one of the Moluccas, 15 ra, S, E, Ternate, Lon.
127" 19' E, Lat, 0" 42' N,
Tidknhead, cape, Ireland, on the N, side ofthe
entrance into Donegal-bay, and the S, W, extremi
ty of Donegal co, 25 ra, W, Donegal, Lon, 8"25'
W. Lat, 54° 4ff N.
Tidlen Harbour, bay on tfae N, side of Donegal
bay, 7 m. E, S, E, Tiellen Head,
Tienen. See Tirkmont.
Tiengen, or Thiengen, or Thungen, t. Germany,
on tfae Wutach, 29 ra. E. Bale, 36 W, Constance.
Lon. 8° 17' E, Lat, 47° 42' N,
Tidor, r. Spain, whicfa runs into tfae Tagus, near
Talavan, Tieffesh, or Tifas, (an. Theveste,) t. Algiers, 40
ra. S. Bona. Lon. 7° 40' E, Lat 36° 2ff N,
Tiffin, t. Adaras co. Ohio. Pop. 1,529.
Tiga, small isl. in tfae E. Indian sea, near tfae N.
W. coast of Borneo. Lou. 112" 14' E. Lat 6°
25' N. ^
Tigaon, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near tfae N. W.
coast of Borneo. Lon. 128° 48' E, Lat, 6° 10' N,
Tiger, sraall isl, in the Spaniah Main, near the
coast of Darien, Lon. 77° Sff W. Lat 8° 35' N.
Tigre, small isl. in the Pacific ocean, at the en
trance into Amapalla bay. Lon, 88° 44' W, Lat.
13" Iff N,
Tigri, province, Abyssinia, about 200 miles
long smd 120^broad, All the merchandize desti
ned lo cross the Red Sea muat pasa tfarougfa tfais
province. Tigris, r. Aaia, wfaich riaes in tfae mountains ef
Armenia, pasaea by Diarbekir, Mosul, and many
other cities and towns, and joining the Euphrates,
both together run into the Persian gulfj below
Bassora, Il is navigable for boats to Diarbekir,
Tiis, or Tiz, t. Persia, in Mecran, at the mouth
of tfae Kurene, 75 m. S, Kidge. Lon. 60" 24' E.
Lat25»2ffN. Tilo Novi, one of tfae Lipari istands, 6 m, S. S.
W. Slromboli.
Tilbury,fort, Eng. on the N. aide ofthe Thames,
in Easex, opposite Gravesend, 28 ra, E. London.
Tilbury, t. Kent co. Up. Canada, extehding from
Lake Erie to Lake St. Clair,
Tilghman's island, Md, on the eastem ahore of
the Cheaapeake, at the month of Choptank river.

736

T I N

T I O

TiU, r. Eng, in Northumberland, which runa in
to the Tweed, 2 ra, N, E, Coldatream.
Tillanjong, one of tfae Nicobar Islanda, in tfae
Indian aea, Lon, 94° 9' E. Lat 8* 4ff N,
TiUe, (La,) r. France, which runa into the Sa
one, 3 m, below Auxonne,
'Tillipally, t. in the district of Jafl'na, in the
northern part of the island of Ceylon, 10 ra, N, of
the town of Jaffna, It is one ol the stations ofthe
Araerican Board of Coramissionera for Foreign
Miasions. See Ceylon.
Tilly, or St. Antoine, seigniory, Buckingham
CO. Lower Canada, on tfae S. side of the St, Law
rence, IS ra, S, W, Quebec,
Tilsit, t. Prussia, large, rich, and comraercial.
Tfae river Merael, which runs along the N. side of
tfae town, opena a very advantgeoua trade witfa
Konigsberg, In 1807, it was taken by the French ;
soon after which a peace was raade belween
France, Russia, and Pruaaia, called the Peace af
Tilsit 50 m, N. E, Konigsberg, 60 S. S, E. Me
mel, Lon. 22° 8' E. Lat. 66° ff N. Pop. 8,656,
Timbo, t, Africa, on the Grain coast, Lon, 9°
20' W, L-at, 5" 28' N,
Timbuctoo. See Tombuctoo.
Timelfioerd, bay of the North sea, on the coast
of Norway, 32 ra W, Romsdal,
Timerycotta, t. Hind, in Golcondah, 54 m. S, E,
Hydrabad, 95 W, Maaulipatara, Lon, 79" 26' E,
Lat. 15° 2ff N.
Timmiskomain Lake, lake in Canada. Lon, 80°
4ff W. Lat 47° 30' N, ^
Timhah, in Sac, Geog, t, Palestine, in the tribe
of Judah, '^'
Timoan, ial. in the E. Indian aea. Lon. 104°
25' E.Lat 2° 58' N.
Timor, isl. in the Indian sea, about 120 mflea
long and S3 broad. The principal productiona
are sandal wood and wax, Lon, 124" to 126" 21'
E, Lat 7" Iff to 10"24'N,
Timor Lout, isl, in the E, Indian sea, 60 milea in
circumference, Lon, 132° 16' E. Lat. 7° 26 S,
Tinchebray, t. France, in Orne, 10 m. N, Dom
front, 22 W, Falaiae,
Tine, or Tyne, i. Eng, which rises on the bor
ders of Scotland, and passing by Newcastle, falla
into the German sea, at Tineraouth,
Tinea, r. Piedmont, whicfa rises in the Alps, and
runs into the Var, 12 m, N,Nice.
Tineh, t. Egypt, between the S, exfremity of
Lake Menzaleh and the Mediterranean, near the
ancieut Pelusiura, and on a canal formerly called
the Pdusion mouth ofthe Nile, 80 m, N, N, E,
Cairo, 65 N, Suez, Lon, 38° 45' E, Lat, 30°
4ff N,
Tineh, t. Africa, in Tripoli, on a river which
runs into the gulf of Sidra, Lon. 19° 12' E, Lat,
30° ff N,
Tinemouth, s-p, Eng, in Northuraberland, at the
mouth of the Tine, on the German aea. It haa
several salt works ; but its greatest article of trade
ia coala, of which upwards of 770,000 chaldrons
are sent tojjondon. 9 ra, E, N, E, NewcasUe, 280
N, London, Lat, 54° 54' N, Pop. 5,334,
Tineto, sraall isl. nearthe coast of Genoa, al tfae
entranceof the gulf of Spetia, 8 m. S, Spetia, Lon,
9° 42' E, Lat 44"2' N,
Tinevdly, or Palamcotta, city, Hind, aud cap, of
a province in the Cavnatic, 74 m, S, S, W, Madu
ra, 148 S, S, E, Coimbetore, Lon, 77° 46' E, Lat,
8" 42'N, Tinevdly, province, Hind, bounded N, by Ma
dura, E, and S, by the Gulf of Manara, and W, by

Travancore, from which 'it is aeparted by the
Ghauts, ISO ra. long by 50 broad. Pop, 700,000,
of whom it is said 175,000 are Brahmins, 30,000
Roman Catholics, and 4,000 Protestants, The
Tamul language is spoken faere in great purity.
The Protestants have 27 churches in this diatrict,
and there are seversd Missionary stationa of the
Christian Knowledge, and Church Missionary So
cieties. The coEist has long been celebrated for
its pearls, II was formerly iu possession of the
Portuguese, Tingana, r. Malacca, wfaich runs into the Chi
nese sea, in lon, 103° 9' E lat 5" 27' N,
Tingi, cluater of small islands in the Chinese
sea, near the E, coast of Matacca, Lon. 104° 21'
E. Lat, 2° 2ff N.
Tingo, or Tenna, r. Italy, which runs into the
Adriatic, 3 ra, N. Fermo,
Tingoron, amall isl, inthe Chineae aea, nearthe
coaat of Malacca. Lon. 1 03° 33' E. Lat 4° ff N,
Tingwalla, ial. Sweden, in Wenner Lake,
whereon tfae town of Carlstadt is built.
Tinian, one of the Ladrone islands, in the Psicif
ic ocean, about 42 mUes in circumference. It
producea cotton, indigo, and the tropicsfl fruita in
abundance. Lon. 146° E. Lat 15° N.
Tinicun, t. Delaware co. Pa. on tfae Delaware.
Pop. 249.
Tinker'' s island, one ofthe Elizabetfa islands, off
the coast of Masa. 8 m. from the rasun land.
Tinmoulh, t. Rutland co. Vt 31 m. W. Wind
aor. Pop. 1,001.
Tinni, t. Africa, on the N. side of the Niger,
130 m. W. S. W. Torabuctou.
Tina, sraall ial. near the coastof Genosi, at the'
entrance of the gulf Spetia, 8 m. S. Spetisi. fLon;
9" 42'E. Lat 44° ffN.
Tino, isl. iu the Grecian Archipelago, about 60
miles in circuraference. Il produces melons, figs,
and grapea ; but the chief ricfaea are its ailk. Lon,
25° 7' E, Lat 37° 36' N. Pop, 23,000 Greeka,
Tinsleysville, p-v. Goochlsmd co, Va,
Tinto, r. Spain, in SeviUe, which owes itsname
to the waters being tinged of a yellow colour. It
falls into the Atlantic at tfae town of Huelva,
Tintwistle, t. Eng, in Cheshire, 10 m, N, E.
Chester, Tioga, a large Weatern branch of the Susque
hannafa. It riaes in Pennsylvania, and running N.
E, into New- York, receivea the Conhocton, at
Painted Poat, tfaen turning S,E. it re-enters Penn
sylvania, and meets t^e Eastern branch of the
Susquehannah at Tioga point It afforda good
navigation for boats.
Tioga, CO. N. Y. bounded N. by Tompkins co.
E. by Broome co, S. by Pennsylvania, and W, by
Steuben CO, Pop, 7,899. Cfaief town, Spencer.
Tioga, p-l. Broome co. N. Y. on tfae Susquehan
nafa, 13 ra. S. W. Binghampton, 170 from Albany.
Pop. 500.
Tioga, CO. Pa. bounded N. by New-York. Pop.
1 ,687. Chief town, Wellsborough.
Tioga, p-t. Tioga co. Pa. Pop. 803.
Tioga point. See Athens, Pa.
Tiookea, oue of King George's lalands, in the
Pacific ocean. Lon. 144° 5ff W. Lat 14" 27' S.
Tiom, isl. in the NorUi sea, near tfae W. coast
of Sweden, 25 milea in circumference, Lon, II
29' E. Lat, 58" N,
Tiomebierg, sraaU isl, in the Baltic, near the S,
coast of Laland, Lon. 1 1° Iff E. Lat, 54° 42" N,
Tiameholm, small isl. in the Baltic, near the S-
coast of Laland, Lon, 11" 37' E, Lat, 54° Sff N.

T I T

T 0 B

737

Tiougnioga creek, N, Y, rises in Onondaga co,
and sdter a course of 55 mflea, joina the Chenan
go, in Broome co,
THpera, or Tipra, formerly Jagenagur, country
of Asia, annexed to Bengal, bounded N, by Sflhel,
E. by Ava, S, by Cfailtigong, and W, by Dacca,
Lon. 110" E. Lat, 24° 20' N,
Tiphscdi, in Sac, Geog, t on the W, bank ofthe
Euphrates, which was the extreme northern lira-
it ofthe erapire of Solomon.
Tippal, r. Eng, in Northumberland, wfaicfa runs
into the "Tyne, near Hallwhistie.
Tippecanoe, r. Indisma, wfaich enters the Wa
bash from the N. 140 m, above Vincennes, On the
banks of this river a severe battie was fought,
November 1811, between the United States troops
and the Indisuis, in wfaich the former were victori
ous. Tipperary, t, Ireland, 20 m. S. E, Liraerick, 9
W, Cashel,
Ti'pperary, county, Ireland, bounded N, E. by
King's county, E. by Queen's county and Kil
kenny, S, by Waterford, and W, by Limerick,
Clsire, and Galway, 52 miles long, and from 12 to
31 broad. Pop, 169,000,
Tipro. See Tipera.
Tipsa, t. Algiers, on the borders of Tunis, 85 m,
S, E. Constantia, 80 S, Bona, Lon, 8° E. Lat 35°
27' N.
Tiroght, isl, in the Atlantic, near tfae W, coast
of Ireland, 8 ra. S. W, Dunraore Head,
Tirana, t Italy, on tfae Adda, 24 .m, E, N, E,
Morbegno, 18 S. W, Bormio.
Tirebali, t. Turkisfa Armenia, on tfae Black aea,
at the month of a river of the sarae name, 20 m,
N. E. Keresour,
Tiree, or Tiry, one of the Hebrides or Western
Islands of Scotland, 10 railes long, Lon, 6° 48'
W. Lat 56° 32' N. Pop, 2,416, ^
Tireh, t A. Turkey, in Natolia, 32 ra, S, S, E,
Smyma, 25 N. E, Scalanova. Lon. 27° 40' E. Lat
38° ff N.
Tirfto, t. Africa, on the N. aide ofthe Niger, 120
m. E. Ghana. Lon. 14° SO' E. Lat 15" 20' N.
Tirkmont, t. Netfaerlands, in Brabant, on tfae
Geele. It haa been a very fiourisfaing and popu
loua city, and many .veatigea of its grandeur are
yet visible, but it has auffered mucfa by war and
otfaer calamitiea. 9 m. S, E, Louvain, 24 W, N,
W, Liege, Pop. 7,788.
Timau, t. Hungary, 20 m. E. N, E, Presburg,
50 E, Vienna. Lon. 17" 44' E, Lat 48" 24' N,
Tirna, r. of Hungary, wfaich runs into the Dan
ube, a few milea below Presburg,
Tima, smaU ial. in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of ChiU, Lat 38" Sff N,
Tirsah, in Sac, Geog, t, in the tribe of Ephraim,
It was the residence of the kings of Israel, during
the period belween the reign of Jeroboam and
that of Orari,
Tisbury, t. Dukes co, Mass. on the N, side of
Martha's- Vineyard island, 3 m, frora Chilmark,
Pop. 1,202.
Tishbeh, in Sac, Geog. t Palestine, in tfae fribe
of NaphtaU.
Ttsmana, r. Walachia, which runs into the Syl,
15 m. S. Tergosyl.
ri(, t Morocco, near the Atlantic ocean, 8 ra.
S. W. Mazagan, 140 N, W, Morocoo.
Titalya, t. T.hibet, in the nortfaern part of Rung-
hore, on the bordera towards Nepaul. It is a
British raflilary atation,
Titchvin. t Russia, in Novgorod, on the river
93

Sias, 84 m, N, N, E, Novgorod, Lon, 33° 14' E,
Lat 59" 52'N.
Titicaca. See Chucuito.
Titizighe, s-p. Guriel, with a good harbour, on
the Black sea. It is also called Pghino, 10 m. 9,
Puti, Titisness, small isl, near tfae coastof Lapland, at
tfae entrance of a bay called Titsfiord, Lon, 67"
SffN, Titlis, mountain of Switz, in Uri, one of the
higheat in Switzerland, 11 ra, S. S. W. Altorff.
Titschein, New, or Nowi Giesi, t. Moravia, 25
ra. W. S. W, Teschen, Lon, 18" Iff E. Lat, 49°
32' N,
Tittmaning, or Dittmaning, t Bavaria, on the
Salza, 20 m. N. N, W, Salzburg, 80 N, N, W,
Lauff'en, Lon, 12" 44' E, Lat 48° 1' N, Pop.
2,181, Titul, t, Hungary, on the Theysse, 24 ra, N, W,
Belgrade, Tiverton,, t. Eng, in Devonshire, on the Ex,
where il is joined by the Lowraan, Here isa cel
ebrated free-aohool, 14 m, N, Exeter, 161 W,
London, Lon, 3° 40' W, Lat SO" 55' N, Pop,
6,732. Tiverton, p-t Ne-wport co, R, I, 13 ra. N, E.
Newport, 24 S. E, Providence, Pop, 2,837,
Tiuholm, amall ial, Denmark, in the Cattegat,
4 m, N. N. E. Fladafrand,
Tiviot, I , Scotland, wfaich runa into the Tweed,
at Kelsoe, The valley wliich it walers is called
Tiviotdak. Tiuki Karagan, cape on the E. side of the Czis-
jiian sesi, 156 ra. S. E, Astracean, Lon, 50° 14'
E, Lat 44" 20' N.
Tiumen, t. Russia, in Tobolak, at the union oi
the Pischma and tlie Tura, It containa 8 cfaurcfa
es, a convent of nuna, sind 500 dwelUng houaes,
112 ra, W, S, W, Tobolsk, 320 E, N, E, Upha.
Lon. 65°14'E. LatS7°'W.
Tivoli, (an. Tibur,) I. Popedora, in the Carapag
na di Romsi, on a rocky raountain, near the river
Teverone, which falling headlong about 50 feet
down the rock, forras a noble cascside. It ia tfae
aee of a bishop. 15 ra. E, N, E. Rorae, Lon, 12°
4ff E, Lat 41° SffN, Pop, 10,000,
Tiuranen, sraall ial. on the E, side of tfae gulfof
Botfania. Lon, 24° 46' E. Lat, 6.5° 38' N,
Tiuters, isl. of Ruasia, in the gUlf of Finland, 80
ra. E. N. E, Revel, Lon, 27° 14'^ E, Lat 59° 4ff N,
Tivy, r. Walea, which runs into the aea, 5 m.
below Cardigan.
Tisr, See Ttiz.
Tlascala, t. Jlexico, and anciently the capital
ofa province to wfaich it gave name, aituated on a
river, which runa into the Pacific ocean, Wfaeii
the Spaniarda firat arrived, it is said to have con
tained 300,000 infaabitants, 20 m. N. Puebla de
los Angelos, 70 E. Mexico, Lon. 98° Sff W, Lat,
19°4ffN, Pop. 4,000,
Tlemsan, or Tekmsam. See Tremecen.
Tktsch, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch, 72
m, E, S, E, Tobolak.
Tab, in Sac. Geog. a country on the E. side of
the Jordan.
Toba, small isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the
W, coastof Aroo. Lon. 135° 9' E, Lat 5° 8' S,
Tobacco Key, small isl. in the bay of Honduras,
near the coast of Yucatan, Lon, 88° 35' W, Lat.
16°4ffN. Tobago, one of the Caribbee Islands, in the W,
Indies, about 30 miles long and 9 broad. It lies

738

TOD

out of the tract of those hurricanes that prove so
fatal to the other West-India islands. The aofl is
in general rich and black, and yields in abun
dance aU the uaual West-India productions, Tfae
island belonga to the British, and contained in
1805, 16,500 infaabitanta, of whom 900 were
whites, and the rest blacks, principally slaves.
The Wesleyan Methodists have two missionaries
in this ialand, Lon, 60° 30' W. Lat 11° 16' N,
Tabak, t, Eu, Turkey, in Bessarabia, on Lake
Jalpug, 34 m, N, N, W. Ismael,
Thbol, r, Rusaia, which joins the Irtiach at To
bolak, Tobolsk, city, Russia, and cap, of a govemment,
at the conflux of tfae Irtiscfa and Tobol. ll ia tfae
see of an archbiahop, and was faeretofore tfae capi
tal of aU Siberia, About one-fourth of the inhab
itanta are Tartara ; the reat are Ruaaians, whoae
anceaters were banished hitfaer for tfaeir criraea,
or auch aa are exilea themselves. The comraerce
of the city ia flourishing, all the Chinese caravans
being obliged lo pass througfa tfae town ; and all
the furs furnished by Siberia being forwarded
from this city to Moscow, 1,000 m. E. Moscow,
1;172 E. Petersburg, Lou. 68" 14' E, Lat 67° N,
Pop; 15,000,
Tobolskoi, govcrnraenl Russia, extending from
ton. 69° fo 108° E. lat, 55" to 78" N, Tobolsk is
tbe capital,
¦ Toby, t Armstrong co. Pa, Pop. 611.
' Toby's Creek, r. Pa, which runs info the E, aide
of Alleghany river, 20 m. below FrankUn, It is
navigable for batteaux, and there ia a short port
age to tfae W. brancfa of tfae Suaquefaannab,
Toeaigh, bay on tfae W, coaat of tfae ialand of
Owhyhee, Lon, 204° 4' E, Lat, 20° ff N,
J Tocantin' s River, r. Brazil, whicfa falla into tfae
Atlantic near tfae mouth of the Amazon, after a
northerly courae of 1,500 mflea,
Tocat, or Takat, city. A, Turkey, on the river
Toaanlu, almoat surrounded with raountains,
which ajfford quarries of raarble, Il ia the reai
dence of a cadi, a waiwode, smd an aga, com
manding a thouaand janizariea. The inhabitants
consiat of 20,000 Turkish famiUes, 4,000 Arme
nians, and about 400 famUies of Greeks, Here
are manufactures of silk and yeUow Turkey
leather, but tfae cfaief trade is in copper vessels,
kettles, and candlesticks, wfaich are sent to Con
stantinople, Egypt, &c, Tocat may be consider
ed aa the centre of trade of Aaia Minor, Tfae car-
avana from Diarbek arrive in 18 days, from Bur
aa in 20, from Smyrna in 27. 40 m. N. W, Sivsis,
260 E, Constantinople, Lon, 36° E, Lat, 39°
35'N, Tacayma, t New-Grenada, on the Bogota, 170
m, N. E, Popayan, SO W, Santa Fe de Bogota,
Lon, 73° 19' W, Lat, 4° Iff N,
Tockoo Falk, in a small creek of the same narae,
which runs into the Tugaloo in Franklin co, Geo.
The water which is collected in a fine baain above
the falls, flows through a fissure 20 feet wide in
the rock, and falls perpendicularly. 187 feet, ex
panding and taking the shape of fine rain, before
it reaches the bottom.
T\ickholes, t Eng. in Lancashire, 6 m, N, E.
Chorley, Tocrur, t. Africa, in Nigritia, on the N, side of
tfae Niger, 270 m, E, N, E, Torabuctou, Lon, 6°
S'E, Lat 16° 32' N,
Tod Head, cape on the E, coaat of Scotland, in
Kincardine, 6 ra, S. Stonehaven, Lon, 2° 11' W.
Lat, 56° 51' N.

T 0 L
Todd, GO. Kentucky,
Todd' s Fork, r, Ohio, which runs into the E, side
of Little Miarai river, 6 m, above Deerfield,
Todenhausen, v. Gerraany, near the left bank
of tfae Weser, 3 m, N, Minden,
Todi, t. Popedom, near tfae Tiber, the aee of a
biahop, 18 ra.' W, Spoleto, 53 N, Rome, Lou, 12"
18'E, Lat 42° 47' N.
Todos Santos, See All Saints,
Toe Head, cape, Scotland, on the S, W, coast
of the iatand of Lewis, 42 ra, S, W, Stornaway,
Lon, 7° 5' W, Lat, 67° 50- N.
Toe Head, cape of the S, coast of Ireland, in
the county of Cork. Lon. 9° 9'W, Lat 61° 27' N.
Tofta, sraall isl. in tfae Baltic, E. of the island of
Aland. Lon. 20° 7' E. Lat 60° IS- N.
Toggenburg, county, Switzerland, dependent on
tfae abbey of St. Gal, bounded N. by the territory
of St Gal, E. by Appenzell, S. by the county of
Sargans and the territory of Gaater, srad W. by
Zurich. Toissey, t, France, 24 m. N. Lyons.
Tokay, t. Hungary, at tfae conflux of tfae Theyse
and Bodrog, celebrated for its wine. 98 m. N. W.
Colosvar, 145 E. Presburg. Lon. 20" 57' E, Lat
48° 10' N, Pop, 2,800,
Token Besseys, smsfll ialanda in tfae E. Indian sea.
Lon, 123° 36* E, Lat 6° S,
Toki-tao, sraall isl, nesu- tfae coast of China.
Lon, 120° 39' E. Lat, 38° 7' N,
Tol Peden Penwilh, cape, Eng, on tfae S. coast
of Cornwall, 3 m, S, E, Land's End. Lon. 5° Sfr
W. Lat 50° 4'N.
Tologo Bay, bay on tfae N. E. coaat ofthe north
ern island of New Zealand, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon. 181° IS* W. Lat 38° 22' S,
Tokda, city, Spain, in New Castile, on the Ta
gus, tfae see of an arcfabisfaop, and an university,
Toledo wras formerly famous for the exquisite tem
per of the sword-blades made there, 'Two centu
ries ago the city contained more tfaan 200,000 in
faabitants, but now scarcely 30,000. 32 m, S, S.
W, Madrid, Lon, 4° 18' W, Lat 39" 56- N,
Tolen, isl, Netiierlands, in the east branch of
the Scheld, It contains two towns, Tolen and St
Martyn's Dyck, and seversd viUages. Tolen,
tfae capitsd, is fortified witfa seven baations, and a
fort, so tfaat it ia now one of tfae atrongest frontier
towns of Zealand. 4 m. N. W. Berg-op-Zoom.
Lon. 3° 58' E. Lat 51° SO'N.
Takntino, t. Popedom, on the Chiento, the aee
ofa biahop, 18 m. W. Fermo,. 28 S. S.W. Ancona.
Lon. 13° 18' E. Lat 43° 10' N;
Talftt, t Popdom, 25 m. N. W. Rome, 5 N. E.
Civita "V^ecchia.
Tolhuys, t Netherlands, on fhe Rhine, 6 m. W.
S. W. Emmerick.
Tolkemit, t Prussisi, on the Frisch Haff, 12 m.
N. E, Elbing, 44 S, W, Konigsberg, Lon, 19° 33'
E. Lat 54" Iff N,
Tolland, t, Hampden co. Mass, on tfae W, aide
of Connecticut river, 20 m, W, S, W, Springfield.
Pop. 798.
Tolland, co. Ct. bounded N, by Msiaaachusetts,
E, by Windfaam co, S, by Middlesex co, and W,
by Hartford co. Pop, 13,779,
Tollatut, p-t and cap, Tolland co, Cf, 17 m, N.
E, Hartford, Pop, 1,610, It contains a court
house, jail, and Congregational church,
Talmeso, t Italy, with a castie, on the Taja-
mento, 12 ra, N, W, Gemona, IS N, W, Friuli,
Lon, 12" 52' E, Lat. 46° 23' N,

TOM
Talmino, t, Austrian states, 12 m, N. Goritz,
Lon. 13° 47' E, Lat 46° 12' N,
Tolna, t. Hungary, on the Dsmube, 50 m, S,
Buda, 120 S,E, Preaburg,
Tola Bay, large bay on the E, coaat of the ial
and of Celebea, Lon 121° 18' to 123° E, Lat, 1° Sff
to 3° 6' S,
Tolometa, aeaport, Africa, in Tripoli, anciently
culled P/o/emias, Lon, 20° 40' E, Lat 32° SO'N,
Tolan, ial, in tfae Grecian archipelago, Lon, 23°
E, Lat, 37° Sff N.
Tolones, one of the smaUer PhiUppine islands.
Lon. 124° 67' E, Lat 12° 50' N,
Tolosa, or Taksetta, t. Spain, and cap. of Gui-
puaco, celebrated for ita aword bladea, 7 ra, S, St
Sebaatian, 60 E, S, E, Bilboa, Lon, 2° 7' W, Lat
-13° 12'N,
Tokur, isl, in tfae E. Indian sea, 14 miles in cir
cumference. Lon. 126" 28' E. Lat. 4° 12' N.
Tolpas, r. Rusaia, wfaicfa runa into the Schugor,
in lon. 58° 22' E. Lat 63° 40' N.
Tolu, seaport. New Grenada, 60 m, S, E, Car
thagena, Lon, 75° 25' W, Lat 9° 45' N,
Tom, r. Russia, wfaicfa runs into the Oby, 32 m,
W. N, W, Tomsk, Lon, 84° 14' E, Lat 56°
4ffN, Tomor, circar of Bengal, bounded N, by Sfllee,
E. by Pachete, S. E, by Singboom, and W, by
Nagpour, Tamar, the capital, is 145 ra, W, Cal
cutta, Lon, 85° S3' E, Lat 23° 10' N.)
Tomar. See Thomar.
Tomboly Paint, cape on the W, coast of Africa,
Lon. 4° 56' W, Lat. 10° 48' N,
Tombigbee, or TVmbeckbee, r. Alabama, which
rises in the northern part ofthe State, and flowing
south, joina the Alabama about 70 milea frora the
gulf of Mexico, to form the Mobile, It is naviga
ble for large vessels lo Fort Stoddert, 44 railes, aud
at sorae aeaaons to St. Stephens, It ia about 450
milea long, and navigable for boata to the junction
of the Black Warrior.
To7n6s/one, p-v. Bertie co, N, C,
Tambuctau, city, Africa, and capital of a ricfa
and populoua kingdom, supposed to faave been
built in the ISth century, Tfae caravans of Tri
poli, Fez, and other parts of Africa, trade lo this
city. The houses are ssiid to faave been formerly
magnificent, but at present only built of wood,
and covered with straw or turf, except a magnifi
cent mosque ofstone, and tfae royal palace. The
population has been eatimated at 60,000, The
country abounds in millet, wheat, and barley, and
is well watered by a number of wells and aprings :
cattle are numerous, and milk and butter in great
plenty. The dearest article is salt, which ia pur
chased from Tegaza, Cloth aud other European
manufactures and produce are aent lo Torabuc
tou by the Caravana, and exchanged for ivory,
slaves, sena, gold-dust, dalea, oatrich featfaers, &c.
brought from the interior of Africa, Tfae king of
Torabuctou is despotic ; faia general guard con
sists of 3,000 faorsemen, well arraed witfa bows
and poisoned arrows, besides a number of foot,
Torabuctou is' said to contain a great number of
ingenious raechanics. It is situated near the Ni
ger, Lon, 1° 30' E, Lat. 16° Sff N,
Tame, smaU ial, near tfae W, coast of France,
Lon, 3" 24' W, Lat. 48" 50' N,
Tomina, a government of Buenos Ayres, To
mina, tfae cfaief town, is 60 m, E, N. E, La Plata,
Lon, 65" 46' W, Laf, 19° Iff S,
Tomoguy, isl, in tfae E. Indian sea, 2 miles in
circumference, Lon, 127° 4' E, Lat 0° 15' S,

TON

739

Tompkins, co, N. Y. formed in 1817, frora part
of Seneca and Cayuga counties. Chief town,
Ithaca, Tompkins, p-t, Delaware co, N, Y, 27 m, S, W,
Delhi, 100 from Albany, Pop, 896, It containa
the village of Deposit
Tampkinsvilk, p-v. Barren co. Ken.
Tom's Creek, r. N, J. whicfa aeparates Dover
from Shrewsbury,
Tom Shot Point, cape on the coaat of Africa,
Lon, 7° 4ff E, Lat 4° 40' N,
Tomsk, t. Russia, in Tobolak, on the Tom, It
containa above 2,000 houaes, and is defended by
14 piecea of cannon. The infaabitants carry on a
considerable trade; all caravans going to and
from China pasa through thia town. Here are all
kinda of tradesmen and artificers, 540 ra. E, To
bolsk, 161 N. N, E, Kolivan, Lon. 85° 14' E, Lat
56° 30' N,
Toncat, or Tunkat, or Tangut, t, Turkestan,
near the river Sir. 260 ra, N, E, Saraarcand, Lon,
64° Iff E Lat 43° Iff N,
Tandem, t. Denmark, in Sleawick, witfa consid
erable frade in corn, cattle, and fine lace, 22 ra,
S, Rippen, 37 N, W, Sleawick, Lon,8°5ffE. Lat
64° 5ff N, Pop, 2,584.
Tondray, one of tfae Shetland ialands, 6 milea in
circumference, near the W, coast of Shetland,
Lon, 1° Sff W, Lat, 60° ff N,
Tondy, I, Hind, in Marawar, on the sea coast,
35 m, S, S, E. Trumian, 65 S. Tanjore. Lon. 79°
2' E. Lat, 9° 42' N.
Tone, r. Eng. which runs into the Parret, be
tween Langford and Bridgewater.
Tong, t. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. S- E. Brad
ford. Tang, a city of China, of tfae second rank, in
Pe-tche-U, on the Pay-ho, 10 m. E. Peking. Lon.
I16°2ffE. Lat40°5ffN.
Tonga Islands, a name given to tfae Friendly
islands in tfae Soutfa Pacifio Ocean, including the
island of Vavaoo, See Friendly Islands.
Tongataboo Island, one of tfae Friendly Islands
in the S, Pacific ocean, about 60 miles in circuit.
The island is low, but haa the appearance of great
fertility, producing plantains, bread-fruit, yaras,
&c, in abundance. Lon. 185° 14' E, Lat 21° 9' S.
Tonge, t, Eng, in Lancashire, near Manches
ter. Tongeren, or Tongres, t. Netherlands, in Liege,
This town is ancient, and was formerly governed
by dukes, 9 ra, N, N, W. Liege. Lon. 5° 2ff E.
Lat 50° 4ff N. Pop. 2,973.
Tang-gin, a city, China, of the first rank, in
Koei-tcheou| 850 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon, 108°
37'E. Lat 27° Sff N.
Tangay, r. Chfli, whicfa runs into tfae Pacifio
ocean, in lat. 30° 10' S.
Tang-tehouen, city, Cfaina, of tfae first rank, in
Se-tcfauen, 1,000 ra. S. W. Peking. Lon. 103° 2'E.
Lat 26° 2ff N.
Tbnguc, t Scotland, on the N. coast of Suther
land, on a bay called the Kyle af Tongue. Lon. 4"
14' W. Lat. 68° 27' N.
Tongue Island, amaU isl. in the Mergui archipe
lago. Lat 9° 52' N.
Tonhof, lake of Norway, in Aggerhuus, 65 m.
N'. W. Christiania,
Tonikoky, isl, in the E, Indian ocean, near the
N, coast of Celebes, Lon, 99° 31' E, Lat 5°
31' N,
Tonneins, t, France, in Lot and Garonne, 1S|

740

TOP

TOR

poats S, E. Bourdeaux, 20J N, N, W, Toulouse,
ton, 0°24' E. Lat 44° 2ff N,
Tonnerre, t. France, in Yonne, 18 m. E, N, E,
Auxerre, 27 S. S, W, Troyes, Lon, 4° S'E, Lat
47° 51' N. Pop, 4,040,
Tonnerre, mountain, Germany, 16 m, N, W,
Worras. Tonnewanta Creek, N. Y, riaea in Geneaee co.
and after a course of 90 railes, runs into the Niag
ara, 10 m, below Black rock, II ia a deep slug
gish stream, boat-able SO railea, Tfae Erie canal
strikea it II milea frora its moulfa, and the cfaannel
of the river thence to ita mouth, forms tfae canal
route, , .
Tortriing&i, seaport, Denmark, in Sleawick, on
a peninaula forraed by tfae Eider, 57 m, N.N,
W, Hamburg, 24 W, S, W, Sleswick, Lon, 9° E,
Lat 54° 23' N.
7bnnomaia, one of the smaller Friendly islsmda,
II m, S. Annsiraooka,
Tonquin, counfry, Asia, bounded N, and E, by
China, S. by the hay of Tonquin, and Cochin Cfai
na, srad W, by Laos, about 350 miles long, and 220
broad. The cliraate is mild and temperate, the
country is low and flat, and rice is the principal
production. Towarda China, Tonquin ia defend
ed by an impenetrable ridge of mountaina, which
are covered with vaat foreats. The country is
very populoua. The religion ia tfae sarae with
that of the Chinese, Christianity was planted
here in the year 1626, by the Jesuits, and above
80,000 were converted before 1 639,. but the perse
cution of the government prevented their in
crease, Tonsberg, seaport, Norway, in Aggerhuus, on a
bay ofthe Baltic, 42 ra, S, Christiania, Lon-, 10°
12' E. Lat 59° 23' N. 'S
Tonvore, cape, Scotland, on the N, W. of tfae
island of Ilay. Lon, 6° 27' Vf. Lat 55° 6 1' N,
Tonyn's Islands, cluster of sraall islands in the
E. Indian sea, near the S, W. coast of Celebea,
Lon, 119"E, Lat 5° SI'S,
Toobigctn, araall isl, in the Sooloo archipelago.
Lon, 120° 44' E, Lat, 6° 14' N,
Taobouai Island, one of tfae smaller Society isl
ands, in the S, Pacific ocean, Lon. 210° 37' E,
Lat 23° 26' S,
Toofoa, one ofthe Friendly islands, visible from
Annamooka, Taolen, or Tullen, (i. e, the Isle of Seals,) small
isl, in the Caspian sea, near the W, coast, Lat 44°
14' N,
Tooliapaur, t. Hind, in Dowlatabad, 144 ra, N,
W, Hydrabad, Lon. 76° SffE. Lat 18° 20' N.
Toom, r. Hind, which runa into the Tungeba-
dra, 15 ra, S, E, Sanore,
Toone, r, Ireland, which runa into the Lee, 15
m, W,Cork,
Tousima, one of tfae sma^l Japanese islands, near
the N.W, coast of Niphon, Lon, 140° 40' E, Lat
40° 4ff N,
Top, lake of Russia, in Olonetz, 44 miles long,
and 8 broad, Lon, 30"^ 14' E, Lat, 61° N,
¦Tapayas, r. Brsizil, which runs into the river
Araazon, in lon, 67° ff W, Lat, 2° Sff S,
Thpel, T. Boheraia, which runs into the Egra,
near Carlsbad.
Topers Hot, small isl, in a bay on the N, coast
of New Guinea, Lon, 135° 33' E, Lat 3" 5' S,
Topetinn, t, Mexico, at the mouth of a river
near the Pacific ocean. 50 m, N, W, Zacatula,
Lon, 103" 44' W, Lat. 18° SC N,
Tophet, in Sac. Geog, place in the valley of

Hinnom, near Jerusalem, famous as the seat of
worship of the idol Moloch,
Topi, small ial. in the Mediterranean, near the
N, coaat of Elba, Lon, 11°S0'E, Lat 42° 51' N,
Topina, r. Italy, which runs into the Tiber, 5
m, S, Perugia,
Taplitz, t. Bohemia, 40 m. N, W. Prague, Lou,
13° 5 1' E, Lat 50° 37' N, Pop, 2,350,
Topsfield, p-t, Essex co. Mass, 9 m, N, Salem,
Pop, 815,
Tops^m, t, Eng, in Devonshire, on the river
Ex, and the port l»wn to the city of Exeter, 4 m,
S, Exeter, 170 W, S, W, London, Lon. 3" 24' W,
Lat 50° SffN. Pop, 2,871,
Topsham, t Lincoln co. Maine, on the Andros
coggin, opposite Brunswick, 27 m. W, Wiacasset,
Pop, 1,271, The courts of coramon pleas are held
faere. Here are a great nuraber of raills and man
ufactories, erected at the falls of the river.
Topsail Inlet, cfasumel between two smaU isl
ands on the coast of N, CaroUna, Lon, 77° 48' W.
Lat 34° IffN,
Ter, a seaport of Arabia, on the coast of the
Red sea, formerly a place of consequence, but at
present iu a ruinous atate. The monks of Mount
Sinai have a convent faere, Lon, 33° 37' E, Lat
28" 10' N,
Tor Paint, or Hope's Nose, cape, Eng. on the
coast of Devonshire, forming the N. point of Tor-
bay. Toral, El, seaport of ChiU. Lat. 27° Sff S.
Torbay, bay in the English channel, on the E
coast of Devonshire, a celebrated rendezvous for
the EngUsfa navy, as a defence from westerly
winds. Lon. 3° Sff W. Lat 50° 24' N.
Torbay, hay onthe E, coast of Ne-wfoundland.
Lon. 52° 20' W, Lat 47° 4ff N,
TorJaj^, t on tfae S, coast of No-va Scotia. Lon,
61° 15' W, Lat, 45° 8' N.
Torbia, t. Italy, 7 m, E, Nice.
Torbok, t Tyrolese, on the N, E, ooast of lake
Garda, 17 m. N, Garda, 17 W, S, W, Trent
Torcello, isl, in the gulf of Venice, -with a town
of the aarae name, the aee of a biahop, 3 m, N.
Venice, Pop. 9,000.
Torco/a, small isl, in the Adriatic, Lon, 16° 54'
E, Lat 43° 27' N,
Tarda, or Torenburg, t Transylvania, famous
for its salt works, 15 m, W. N. W. Clausenburg,
48 N. W. Herraanstadt. Lon. 23° 24' E. Lat. 46"
42'N. Tardera, r. Spain, in Catalonia, wfaicfa runs in
to the sea, near Blanes.
Tordesillas, t. Spain, in Leon, on the Duero, 13
m. S, AV. ValadoUd.
Tordina, r, Naplea, which crosses Abruzzo Ul
fra, and runs into the Adriatic, in lon, 14° E. Lat
42° 4ff N.
Toree, t. Hind, smd cap, ofa circar of fhe same
name, in Bengal, 210 m, W, Calcutta, 120 S, Pat
na. Lon. 84" 53' E. Lat 22" 37' N.
Tardlo, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 6 ra. N. Vique.
Toreau, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, on the
Elbe, 28 m. E. N. E. Leipsic, SO N. W. Meissen,
Lon, IS" ff E, Lat 51" 32' N, Pop, 5,000,
Torgel, small isl, in the North sea, near the
eoast of Norway, Lat 65° SO' N,
Toriesdale Head, cape on the N, coast of Scot
land, Lon, 4" Iff W, Lat 58° SO' N.
Tbrin Rocks, cluster of rocka near the S, W,
coaat of the island of Mull, Lon, 6" 28' W. Lat.
66° 16' N,

TOR

T O S

741

Tbrisa, r. Eu, Turkey, whicfa runs intothe Ma-
riza, at Adrianople,
Tormes, r. Spain, which enters the Duero, a few
leaguea below Miranda de Puero,
Tomarsuk, isl, near the W, coaat of Weat
Greenland, Lon, 47° 30' W. Lat 6 1° 50',N,
Tbmeo, r. Sweden, which runa into the gulf of
BoUmia, at Tornea, 15 m, S, S, E, Ulea,
Tornea, or Tome, t, Sweden, on a amsdl ialand
at the mouth of the river Tornea, near the gulf
of Botfanisu A considerable trade is carried on
here, between the Swedes aud Laplanders, Rua
aians and Norwegisms, Lon, 24° 2' E, Lat, 65°
4ffN, Thmese, cape on the coaat of the Moresi, 8 m,
S, S, E, Chiarenza.
Tomess, cape on the S, coaat of the ialand of
Stronaa, Lon, 2° 2ff W, Lat, 68° 5ff N,
Toro, ial, in the Baltic, near the coast of Swe
den, Lon, 17° 4ff E. Lat 58° 4ff N.
Toro, II, smaU isl. near the S. coast of Sardinia.
Lod. 8° 34' E. Lat 39° N.
Tfara, t. Spsun, in Leon, on the summit of a hill
above the Duero, over which is a bridge of 22
arches. It ia the aee of a bishop. 17 m. E. Za
mora, 106 N. W. Madrid. Lon. 5° 37' W. Lat 41"
45' N. Pop. 6,600.
Torom, r. Ruaaia, which runs into the Oby, 24
m. E. Surget.
Toron, t. Eu. Turkey, in Macedonia, ou a neck
of land between the galf of Monte Santo and the
gulf of Caaaandra, 60 m. S. E. Saloniki. Lon. 23°
54' E. Lat 40° N.
Toronto, t. York co. Upper Canada, on Isdte On
tario, W. of York.
Torpiehen, t Scotiand, in Linlithgowshire, 2 m.
S. Linlithgow.Torre del Acri, or Agri, t Naples, in BasiUcata,
on the coast of the gulf of Tarento, 25 m. S. S. E.
Matera. Torre del Greeo, t. Naples, in Lavora, 5 m. S. E.
Capua. Torre de Moncorvo, t. Portugsd, in Tras los
Monies, 42 ra. S. S. W. Braganca, 27 N. E. Mi-
randela. Lon. 6° 44' W. Lat 41° N.
Torre d' Oglio, t, Italy, II m. S. S. W.Mantua.
Torre Rosso, t Naples, 10 m. N. Tarento.
Torre de las Salinas, t. Spain, in Valentia, near
the coast of tfae Mediterranean. Here are the
largest salt-works in Spain. 20 m. S, E. Origuela,
37 N. N. E. Cartfaagena.
Torre Velha, fort, Portugal, on the S. side of
the Tagus, 3 m. S. Liabon.
Torredal, r. Norway, which runa into the sea,
near Cfaristiansand.
TorreUa de Mongri, t Spain, in Catalonia, on
tfae N. side of the Ter, near its mouth, 18 m. E.
Gerona. Torres, t. Spain, in Grenada, on tbe coast ofthe
Mediterranean, 9 m. E. Velez Malaga.
Torres Islands, cluster of islands, in the Indian
Sesi, near tfae coaat of Siara. Lon. 96" 50' to 97°
E. Lat 11° 25 to 11° 48' N.
Torres Vedras, t Portugal, in Eatremadura, 21
m. N. Liabon.
Torri'more Head, cape, Scotland, on the E.
coast of tfae island of Skye, Lon, 6° 2' W. Lat,
57° 22'N,
Torrin-beg, rock, on the S. W. of the island of
Mull, Lon, 6° 20' W, Lat 56" Iff N,
Torringford, p-v, Litchfield co. Ct.
Torrington, (Great,) t. Eng. in Devonsfaire, on
Ihe Towridge, 10 m. S, W. Barnstaple, 194 W, S,

W, London, Lon, 3" 58' W, Lat, 51° 5' N, Pop,
2,034, Torrington, p-t Litcfafield co. Ct, 23 m, N. W.
Hartibrd, 7 N, E, Litchfield, Pop, 1,586, Here
ia one ofthe largeat woollen factoriea in the State,
employing 40 workmen,
Torrington Bay, or Bedford's Boy, bay on the
S, coaat of Nova Scotia, 3 m, N, Halifax,
Torryburn, a-p, Scotland, in Fifeshire, on the
Frith of Fortfa,
Tbrso, sraall ial, on the E, side of the Gulf of
Botfania, Lon. 22° 14' E. Lat, 63° 37' N,
Tartola, one of the Virgin Islands, Tfae chief
productions are sugar and cotton, Lon, 64° 20' E.
Lat 18° 2ff N. Pop. in 1805, 10,500, of whom
9,000 were slaves.
T\>rtona, t, Piedraont, on the Scrinia, witfa a
good citadel, aituated on an erainence. Tfais place
has often been taken and retaken during tfae wars
in Italy, 9 m. E, Alexandria, 11 S, Lumello,
Lpn, 8° 52' E, Lat, 44" Sff N, Pop, 8,480,
Tortosa, t. Spain, in Catalonia, near tfae Ebro,
aboutlS miles from ita month ; the see of a bisfaop.
The raost reraarkable buildinga are tfae cathedral
and tfae caatie, 81 m, S, E, Saragoaaa, 77 S, W.
Barcelona. Lon, 0" 2ff E, Lat, 40° 47' Nl Pop.
10,700. Thrtosa, s-p, Syria, in tfae pacfaalic of Tripoli,
anciently called Antarod-us and Orthosia. It is on
tfae sea, and about three quarters of a mile in cir
cumference. At the N, W, corner there are re
mains of a csistie, and the preaent town ia within
the walla ofit, whicfa are strong,'and built of large-
hewn atone, and at leaat 60 feel high, 35 m, N.
TripoU, 42 S, Ladikia, Lon, 35° 58' E, Lat 34°'
65' N,
Tortosa, r, Syria, which runa into the Mediter
ranean, between Antioch and Tripoli,
Tortue, r, Illinoia, whicfa runa into tfae Wabaafa,,
between fort Harrison and Tippecanoe,
Tortuga Salado, isl, in tfae Caribbean Sea, about
36 ra, in circuraference. It is principaUy valuable
for ils salt-ponds. Tfae turtles come into the sandy
bays to lay their eggs, and hence the island has
ils name. Lon. 64° 30' W. Lat 11° 7' N.
Tortuga, isl. about 6 m. from the N. coast of
Hispaniola, 40 ra. in circuraference. Lon. 72° 40'
W. Lat 20" ffN.
Tortugas Poini, the S, point of the port of Co
quimbo, on the coast of ChiU, Lat. 29" 37' S,
Tortugas Shoals, in the Gulf of Mexico, near
tfae S, coast of Florida, Lon, 82° 60' W, Lat 24°
Sff N,
Tortugas, Dry, shoals in the Florida stream, at
tfae enlran ce *f tfae Gulf of Mexico, Lon, 82° 25'
W, Lat 24° 40' N,
Tortugillo, amall ial, in the Spanish Main, Lon,
76° 20' W. Lat. 8° 4ff N. «
Tortura, or Tontur, t. Palestine, on the coast of
the Mediterranean, called in scripture Dor, Dora,
and Nephath. Joshua took it frora the Canaan
ites, and it fell lo tfae tribe of Manassefa. It is at
present a vfllage only, 15 ra, S. Acre, Lon, 34°^
2' E, Lat, 32° 35' N,
Tory, isl, in the Atlantic Ocean, 7 m. N, from.
Bloody Farland Poinl, on the N, coast of Ireland,
Lon, 8° 7' W. Lat 6,5° IffN,
Tosa, s-p. Spain, in Catalonia, 23 m, S, S, E,
Gerona. Lon, 2" 4ff E, Lat. 41° 43' N, Pop, 2,400,
Tasanlu, i-. Natolisi, which watera tfae city of
Tocat, and afterwarda joins tfae Jekil-erraak, It
was anciently called Lycus.
Toscandla, t. Popedom, the see of a bishop, 9 m.

742

T O U

W, S. W, Viterbo, 22 N, Civita VeCchia. Lon.
ll°52'E.Lat42°24'N, Tascolano, t, Italy, on a amall river wfaicfa runa
into Lake Garda, 6 m, E, N, E, Salo, Pop, 2;S00,
Tosina, r, Italy which runa into tfae Adriatic,
Lon, I3°6ff E, Laf, 42° 57' N.
Tosna, r. Ruaaisi, which, runs into the Neva,
near Fella, in the government of Petersburg.
Toss, r. Switz. which runa into the Rhine, 2 m.
S. E. EgUslau, in Zurich.
Tostar, or Suster, t, Persta, and cap. of Chusia-
tan, on the Sable, where the kinga of Peraia had a
magnificent palace, and kept their archivea. It ia
in scripture called ShushaA, and the river ia nam
ed Ulai. At preaent there are sorae raanufactures
of ailks, stuffs, and ricfa cloth. 150 ra. S. W, Ispa
han, Lon. 48" 4ff E, Lat 32° N, Pop, 16,000,
Tota Island, or Isknd of Plantains, isl, of tfae
Atlantic, near the coaat of Africa, at the mouth of
fhe Sherbro.
Talma, t. Russia, in Vologda, 92 ra, N, E, Vo
logda. Lon 42" 34' E, Laf. 60° Iff N,
Totness, t. Eng, in Devonshire, on the Dart,
about 12 m, from the English Cfaannel. It is an
ancient borougfa, sending two merabers to parlia
ment 23 ra. S. Exeter, 196 W. S. W, London.
Lon. 3° 46' W. Lat 50° 2ff N. Pop, 2,225,
Tatarol, small isl. in the Pacific Ocean, near the
coast of ChiU. Lat, 29° 20' S,
Tottenham, t Eng, in Middlesex, 6 ra, N. E,
London, Tottington, t, Eng, in LancEishire, near Roch
dale, Toucques, s-p, France, in Calvados, 6 ra, S. W,
Honfleur. Toucy, t. France, in Yonne, 12 m, W, S, W,
Auxerre, 10 N. E. Sl, Fargeau,
Tout, t. France, in Meurte, on the MoseUe, and
regularly fortified, 12 m, W, Nancy, 9 S. Metz,
Lon. 5°5ff E, Lat 48° 41' N, Pop, 6,949.
Toulomba, t. and fort. Hind, in Moultan, on the
Rauvee, 50 ra. N. E. Moultan. Lon, 72° 25' E,
Lat, 30° 59' N,
Toulon, city and s-p, Fr-»nce, and cap. of the
Var, atrongly fortified. Tho old and new harbor
lie contiguous, and, by means of a canal, commu
nicate with one anotfaer, botfa faaving an outlet in
to tfae spacious outer faarbor, which is naturally
almost of a cfrcular flgure, very large, and sur
rounded witfa faills. The entrance on both sides
is defended by a fort, with strong batteries. The
new harbor, which ia a work of Louis XIV, is well
defended by batteries, and round it stands the ar
senal, contsiining spacioua working houaea for
blacksmiths, joiners, carpenters, locksmiths, carv
ers, &c. The rope-houae ia built wholly of free
stone, and ia 320 toises long. The general maga-
zidb faere contains an immense quantity of all
kinds of stores, 74 posts E, Marseflles, lOSi S. S.
E, Paris. Lon, 6" E. Lat 43" 7' N, Pop, 29,760,
Toulon en Chorolkis, t. France, in Saone and
Loire, 16 m. N, W, CharoUes, Lon, 4° Iff E,
Lat. 46° 41' N.
Toulouse, t. France, and cap. of Upper Garonne,
on the Garpnne. In the 6lh century, it was the
capital of the kingdom of the Goths. Before the
revolution, il waa the capital of Languedoc and
aee of an archbishop. Its trade ia inconsider,able.
Tfae University here was founded in 1228. Here
is also an academy of the sciences and Uberal arts.
A little below tho city, the celebrated canal of
Languedoc joina the Garonne, whicfa here be
comes navigable. 34 posts S. E, Bourdeaux, 85J

Tow
S, Paris, Lon, 1° 32' E, Lat, 43° Sff N, Pop,
50,171, Toum, t Syria, 6 ra, N, E, Damascus,
Touna, or Sheik Abdallah, small isl, of Bjgypt,
in Lake Menzaleh, 3 m. W, Tennis,
Taunig, r. Hind, which runs into tfae Ganges,
20 m, below Allahabad,
Tour de Cordovan, fort, on the coast of France,
in Gironde, at the mouth of the Garonne, whose
surarait ia 300 feet above the level of tfae aea, Lon.
1° 4' W. Lat 44° Sff N.
Tour du Pin, (La,) t France, in Isere, on a
brancfa ofthe Rhone, 27 m, S, E. Lyons, 25 N, N,
W.Grenoble, Lon, 6° 32' E, Lat 45° 34' N. Pop,
3,099, Tour de Rasel, cape ofthe islsmd of Jersey, 5 m,
N, N, E. St Helier,
To'ur de Roussilkn, (-La,) t. France, in Eaatem
Pyreneea, on tfae Tet, 3 m, E. Perpignan;
ToMr /a ViUe, t France, in Clumnel, celebra
ted for ita manufacture of glass; almoat joining to
Cherburg, Pop. 3,406,
Touraine, before the revolution a prorince of
France, bounded E, by Orleannois, S. by Berry
and Poitou, W, by Anjov, and N, by Maine,
Teura was tfae capital,
Toumay, city, Netherlanda, in Flanders, on the
Scheldt, considered the raost ancient town of Bel
gic Gaul^ being founded 600 years before Christ,
and anciently the capital ofthe Nervij. It is the
see ofa bishop, Tfae city has often been taken
and laid wsiste in the different wars between the
French, English, and Flemings, 3 posts E. Lille,
31 N, Paris, Lon, 3° 25' E. Lat 60° 35' N. Pop.
21,349, Tauman, t France, in Lot and Garonne, 12 m.
E. VUleneuve d'Agen, 19 N, E, Agen. Pop. 7,817,
Tournon, t, Frsmce, in Ardeche, on the Rhone,
22 m. N, N. E. Privas, 9 N. Valence. Lon. 4° 54'
E, Lat, 45° 4' N, Pop. 3,300.
Taumus, t. France, in Saone and Loire, on the
Saone, 3 posts S, Chsdons sur Saone, 2} N, Macon.
Lon. 6° E, Lat, 46° 34' N. Pop, 4,616,
Tours, city, Frsmce, smd cap. of Indre and
Loire, on tfae Loire. Before tfae revolution it was
the capital of Touraine, and see of an archbishop.
Pop. 22,000. 47 posta N. E. Bourdeaux, 29i S.
S. W. Paria, Lon. 0° IffE. Lat 47° 2ff N.
Tourterelles, sraaU islands in tfae Indian Sea,
near tfae coast of Africa. Lat 11° 5ff N.
Taurves, t. France, in Vsir, 4 m. S. E. St Maxi
min. Pop. 2,722.
Tou-yun, city, Cfaina, of the first rank, in Koei-
tcheou, 955 m. S. S. W. Peking. Lon. 107° 2' E.
Lat, 26" 12' N.
Toii-a, r. Wales, in Caermarthen, which runs
into the Tave, at St. Clare.
Towamensing, t. Montgomery co. Pa, Pop, 488,
Towan Head, cape, Eng, on the N, W, coast of
CornwaU. Lon. 4° 57' W. Lat 50° 2ff N,
.Towar, small isl. near the N. coaat of Celebes.
Lon. 124° 25' E, Lat 1° Iff N,
Towcesler, t. Eng, in NorUiampton, 9 m, S, S.
W, Northampton, 60 N. W, London, Lon. t"
W. Lat. 52° 9' N. Pop, 2,245,
Taiverhill, v, in South Kingston, R, 1, 10 m, W,
Newport, Tower Isla'nd, araall ial, in the E, Indian Sea,
Lon, 124° 44' E, Lat 9° 2' S,
Townsend, t, Norfolk co. Upper Canada, It
containa 2 churchea, 1 for Congregationalists, and
1 for Methodists,

TRA

TRA

743

Townsend, t Windham co, Vt 32 m, S. Wind)-
sor. Pop, 1,115,
Townsend, p-t, Middleaex Co, Maas, 44 m, N, W,
Boaton, Pop, 1,246,
Touiru^e, r, Eng, which joins the Taw near Ap
pledore, iu Devonshire,
Towton, V. Eng. in Yorkshire, 3 m. S, E, Tad-
caster, 185 jy, London,
Tow^, r, Wales, wfaicfa runs info the bay of
Caermarthen, 6 m, below Caermarthen,
ToM!^ or Town, Merionydd, t North- Walea,
in Merioneth co, cloae to tfae sfaore ofthe Iriah Sea,
12 m, W, MacfaynlleUi, Pop, 2,092,
Toxtdh Park, t Eng, in Lancaahire, 3 m, 3, E,
Liverpool. Traarbach, t. Pruaaian States, in Lower Rhine,
on the MoaeUe, 34 m, S, W, Coblentz, 20 E. N, E.
Trebes, Lon, 7" ff E, Lat 60° N, Pop, 700,
Tracoda, v. on the N, E, coaat of New- Bruns
wick, 12 ra, N, E, Miraraicfai bay,
Tracaduche, or Carleton, settlement on the N,
side of Chaleur Bay, in Lower Canada,
Trachenberg, or Straburck, t. Silesia, 14 ra, W,
S, W, MiUtsch, 23 N, W, Oels. Lon. 16° 50' E.
Lat.51° 2ff N, Pop, 1,900,
Traehonitis, in Sac, Geog, a province in the
country E, of the Jordsra, between Palestine and
Coelo-Syria, and bordering ou the deaert of
Arabia, Tracy's landing, p-v. Ann Arundel co, Md.
Trader's hill, or Fort Alert, on the N, bank of
St Mary'a river, Geo. 40 m. above St, Mary^a,
Traeth Bichan, bay ofthe Iriah Sea, on the W,
coaat of Wales, 2 m, N, Harlech,
Traeth Mower, bay of tfae Irisfa Sea, on the W.
coast of Wales, 4, ra, N, Harlech,
Trafalgar, Cape, Spain, on the coast of Andalu
sia, Lon, 6" ff W, Lat 36" 10' N, Off this cape,
on 21sl Oct 1805, was obtained the celebrated
victory of the Britisfa fleet commanded by Lord
Nelson, over the combined fleeta of France and
Spain, Nelaon lost hia Ufe in. tfae action,
Trafalgar, I, York co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Ontario, S.W, of York,
Trafaria, fort, Portugal, in Estreraadura, on the
S. side of the Tagus, 6 ra. S. W, Lisbon.
Trogonisi, or Dragonisi, ial. in tfae Grecian Ar
cfaipelago, 2 ra. W. Myconi, Lon, 25" 30' E, Lat,
37° 27' N,
Trajanopoli, t. Eu. Turkey, in Romania, on the
Mariza, the see of a Greek archbiahop, 40 ra, S,
Adrianople, 1 15 W. Constantinople, Pop, 15,000,
Trajetto, t Naples, in Lavora, near the mouth
oftlie Garigliano, tfae see of a bisfaop, 6 m. S, W,
Sezza, 28 N, W. Capua.
Train, La, r. Micfaigan Territory, wfaicfa runs
into Lake Superior, affording a good route of cora
raunicalion between this lake and Lake Micfaigan,
Traina, t Sicily, in tfae vsdley of Deraona, on a
river ofthe same narae, 56 ra,' S, E, Cefalu, Pop.
6,316. Traitor's Islands, a cluater of amaU ialanda, in a
bay of New Guinea. Lon. 137° E. Lat 1" 12' S.
Traitor's Island, one of the Friendly ialanda in
the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 173" 4ff W. Lat. 15° 5ff N.
Traitor's Island, or KeppeVs Island, isl. in the
Pacific Ocean. Lon. 172° 33' to 175° 13' W. Lat.
15°5ff S.
Tralee, t. Ireland, and cap. of Kerry co. 50 m, S,
W, Limerick, 45 N. W, Cork, Lon, 9° 35' W,
Lat 52" 16'N,

Tralkborg, s-p, Sweden, 19 m. S. Lund, Lon.
12" 54' E, Lat, 55° 20' N,
Tra los Monies, See Tras ks Mantes,
Tramin, t, Tyrol, ou a branch of the Adige, 8
m, S, S, W, Bolzano,
Tramutul, t, Naplea, in BasUicata, 13 ra. S, S.
E, Potenza, Pop, 4,018,
Traruosa, t, Portugal, in Tra loa Monies, 9 ra,
W, Pinhel,
Trongano, t, Asia, in Johore, near the sea, 1 10
m, N, Pahang, Lon, 103" 5' E, Lat, 5° 30' N,
Trani, city, Naples, and cap. of Bari ; the sec
of au archbishop, 21 m. W, Bari, 104 E. N. E, Na
ples, Lon, 16° 2ffE, Lat 41° IffN. Pop. 13,787.
Tranquebar, s-p. Hind, in Tsmjore, on the cosist
of Coromandel, witfa a faarbor, at the moulfa of one
ofthe branches ofthe Cauvery, defended bya for
tress, erected by the Danes, in 1621. Tfais town
hs^s been a atation of the Danish Miasion College
aince the year 1705. There are at present two
miaaiouariea here supported by tfae king of Den
raark. Tfae Engliah Churcfa Miaaionary Society
have sdso one raiasionary here, and achoola con
taining about 1,600 scholars. The territory be
longing to the town ia considerable, and ia full of
populous villages. 56 ra. S. Pondicherry, 145 S.
by W. Madras. Lon. 79" 64' E. Lat. 1 1° 1' N.
Tronquilk, cape at tfae S. end of tfae island of
Rfaodea. Lon. 27° 28' E. Lat. 36° 2' N.
Transylvania, (Principality of,) country, Eu
rope, bounded N. by Hungary, Poland, and Mol
davia ; E. by Moldavia ; S. by Walacfaia and the
bannat of Teraeawar, and W. by Hungary. The
form ia nearly oval, about 400 ra. in circumfer
ence. It ia surrounded on all sides by lofty moun
tains, and ia itaelf mountainoua and woody. Tfae
air ia generally warra, but raore wfaolesome tfaan
that of Hungary; the aoil is fertile, abounding in
corn, wine, cattle, and rich pastures ; among the
rainerals are gold, silver, copper, iron, quicksil
ver, cinnabar, antimony, aulphur, vitriol, rock-
salt, salt-petre, ochre, fee. Tfae infaabitants are
coraposed of different nationa : Hungarians, Sikli
or Scythian Huns, Saxons, Walachians, Armeni
ans, Rascians, Bulgarians, and Greeks. The gov
ernment is aristocratical, and, since tfae year 1722,
rendered faereditary to the princes and princeaaes
of tfae houae of Auatria. The inhabitants, with
reaped to religion, are Catholics, Calviniats, srad
Lutherans. Pop, 1,600,000,
Transylvania, t, Jefferson co. Ken, at the mouth
of Harrod's creek, 8 m, above Louiaville, 35 from
Bairdstown, Transylvania University. See Lexington, Ken,
TVap, ,p-t^ Montgomery co. Pa, 26 m, N, W.
Philadelpfaia, Trap, V. Somerset co, Md, at tfae head of Wi
comico creek, 7 m, W, Salisbury, 6 N, Princess
Ann, Trap. See Poplar tovm.
Trappe, p-t, Talbot co, Md, 6 m, S, E, Oxford.
Trapani, (an, Drefanum,) s-p, Sicily, with a
good harbor, defended by a fort. Here is a good
pearl fishery on the coast, and in tfae neighbor
hood a considerable aalt-work, 43 m, W, S, W.
Palermo, 72 N. "VV, Girgenti, Lon, 12° 30' E, Lat.
38° ff N. Pop, 17,000-
TrapoUzza, t. Eu, Turkey, inthe Morea, 30 ra.
N, Miaitra, 30 S, S, W, Corinth, Lon, 22° 2ff E.
LatS7°4ffN. 75-as los Monies, or Tra los Mantes, province.
Portugal, bounded N. and E, by Spain, S. by Bei-

744

TRE

ra, frora which it ia separated by the Duero, and
W. by the Entre Duero e Minfao, Pop, 308,984,
2>asen, r. Gerraany, which runs into the Dan
ube, 8 ra. below Mauttern,
Trasmaur, t. Auatria, on the Trasen, with a cit
adel, 12 ra. \y, Tulluj 6 N, St. Polten,
Trasp, a citadel and Jordship on the bordera of
Tyrol, 27 ra, N, Bormio,
Trau, or Troghir, t. Dalmatia, on a piece of
land wfaicfa waa formerly a peninaula, but now
separated from the continent by a csraal. The
harbor is deep enough for the largest ships, 12
miles W, Spalatro, Lon. 16° Sff E, Lat. 43° SO' N,
Pop, 5,000,
Travancore, city. Hind, and cap, of a country of
the sarae narae, 108 m, S, S, W, Madura, 264 S,
Seringapatam. Lon, 77° 14' E, Lat 8° 22' N,
Travancore, country. Hind, extending along the
southern part of, tfae coast of Malabar. It is in
habited by various reUgious denominationa, but is
rendered peculiarly intereating aa the reaidence
of the Syrian Chriatiana, wfao, tfaougfa wholly un
connected with the reat of the Chriatian world,
have atood for agea a bright monuraent of tfae
trutfa of Chriatianity, in the midat of the darkest
scenes of idolatry and wickedness. Tfae Syrian
churches extend, from north to soutfa, more tfaan
150 miles, and from east to west, at leaat SO, —
Tfaey were viaited by tfae late Dr, Buchanan, who
manifeated a atrong interest in their welfiire, and ¦
commenced a translation of the New Testament
into the Syrian language, whicfa since his death
has been completed and publiahed, and copiea of
it have been diatributed fo each of the churcfaes.
Several raissionaries have been sent to this station
by the Engliah Church Miaaionary Society, and a
College faaa been established near Cotyra, raore
particularly for tfae education of priests for tfae
Syrian churchea. The college is under tfae direc
tion of the missionaries, and has been very liber
ally endowed, both with money and land, by the
Rannee or princess of the counfry, and proraises
to be of great benefit to the people. The nuraber
of atudenta in 1820, waa 25,
Trouchburg, or Trauenburg, t.'Germany, 12 ra,
E, Wangen, 10 W, S, W, Kerapten,
Trove, r, Gerraany, which runa into the Baltic,
about 10 m, N, E, Lubeck, Lon, 10° 56' E, Lat,
54° N,
Traveller's repose, p-v. Greenbriar co. Va,
Traveller's rest, p-v, Greenville co, S, C.
Trovemunden, seaport on the Baltic, at the
mouth of tfae Trave, belonging lo the city of Lu
beck, and defended by a amall fortreaa, 8 m, N. E,
Lubeck, Lon, 10° 51' E, Lat 54° N,
Trovendal, t. Holstein, on the Trave, 2 m. S. W,
Segeborg, Traverse Islands. See Grand Traverse.
Traun, r. Auatria, whicfa runa into the Danube,
about 3 m, below Steyregg.
Traun, r. Bavaria, which enters the --ilza, 4 m.
N. Chiemsee,
Traunstein, t Bavaria, onthe Traun, with con-
,siderable salt-works, 18 m. W, Salzburg, Lon,
1 '1" 35' E, Lat 47" 6 r N, Pop, 2,600,
Trautenau, t. Bofaeraia, 21 ra. N, Konigingratz,
Lon, 15° 48' E, Lat 50° 27' N, Pop, 2,420,
TVayaguera, t. Spain, in Valencia, 80 ra, N, E,
Valencia, 23 S, W, Tortosa,
Treadhaven, or Thirdhaven, r, Md, which runs
into the Choptank,
Th-easury Island.':, cluater of islsmds among Solo-

TRE
mou's ialands, Lon, 155° 34' to I56° E. Late"
Sff to 7° 30' S,
Trebbin, t Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 20
m, S, S, W. Beriin, 10 S, S, E, Potzdara, Lon, 13°
ffE. Lat 62° 10' N,
Trebe^itz, t Bohemia, 28 ra, N, Prague,
Trebentschikov, fort, Rusaia, in Caucasua, outhe
Ural, 64 m, N, Guriev,
Trebia, r. Italy, which runa into the Po, 2m,W.
Fiacenzsu Trebigno, t. Dalmatia, 10 m, N, E, Ragusa.
Trebisaceio, I. Naplea, in Csdabria Citra, onthe
coast, 10 m. N. E, Casaano.
Trebisond, or Tarabosan, city, A. Turkey, with
a faarbor, on the Black sea, founded by a Greek
colony of Sinope, descended from the Mflesiana.
Ila walla are alraoat aqusu'e, high erabattled, smd
built of tho ruins of the ancient edificea. The
town is largej and not well peopled. The castle
ia on a flat rock, and ita ditches are cut in the
rock. Tfae suburba are cfaiefly infaabited by
Greeka and Arraeniana. Trebisond has consider
able trside. Caravans frora the interior of Peraia
and tfae bordera of tfae Csiapian sea, bring a i-a-
riety of su-ficles, wfaicfa are exported to Constan
tinople and Odessa. The exports sure figs, wine,
ebony, cotton, India goods, Persian silka aud car
pets, &c. 170 m. N. N. E. Sivas, 220 E. N. E.
Erivan. Lon. 39° 40' E. Lat 41° 1' N.
Trebitsch, or Trebitz, t Moravia, on the Iglawa,
20 ra. S, E. Iglau, 27 W. Brunn. Lon. 15° 5ff E,
Lat 49° 14' N. Pop. 3,700.
Trebnitz, t Sfleaia, 12 m. N. Breslaw, 13 W.
Oels. Lon. 17° 2' E. Lat 61° 18' N. Pop; 2,500.
Trebsen, t. Saxony, ou tfae Muldau, 26 m. W.
Meissen, 14 E. Leipsic. Lon. 12° 40' E. Lat 51°
IffN. TVee Island, smaU isl. in the Indism sea, nearthe
coast of Africa. Lat 17° Iff N.
TVee Island, small isl. in the E. Indian sesi, near
the E. coast of Sumatra. Lon. 105° 51' E. Lat
3° 5ff S.
Tree Island, smaU isl. near the W. coast of Su
raatra. Lon. 100° Iff E. Lat. 1° 68' S.
Tree Island, isl. in the bay of Bengal, near the
coast of Ava. Lon. 94° 15' E. Lat 18° 12' N.
Treffen, r. Carinthia, which runs into the Drave,
6 ra. below ViUach.
Treffort, t. France, in Ain, 7 m. N. E. Bourg en
Bresse, 12 N. W. Nantua. Lon. 5° 27' E. Lat.
46° IffN. Pop. 2,293.
Treffurt, t. Gerraany, 10 m. W. S. W. Muhlhau
sen, 32 W. Erfurt
Treffurt, t. Gerraany, near the Werra, 36 m.
E. S. E. Cassel, 35 S. S. E. Gottingen. Lon, 10"
IffE, Lat 51° 8'N,
Tre/«me/,t France, 6 ra, S, Dinan, 21 E, S, E.
Lamballe, Tregannon, I, Wales, in Cardigsm, on the Tivy,
15 ra, S, S. E. Aberystwith, 197 W, London, Lon,
3° Sff W. Lat 52° 14' N,
Tregony, t. Eng, in Cornwall, on the river Fale,
navigable for barges frora Falmouth, 7ra, E, Tru
ro, 256 W, S, W, London, Lon, 4° 4ff W, Lat
50° IffN,
TVeguier, seaport, Frsmce, in North Coasts, on
a peninsula, near the English channel, 9 m, N, E.
Lannion, Lon, 3° ff W, Lat 48° 47' N, Pop.
2,545, Treignac, t. France, in Correze, 16 m, N, Tulle,
Pop, 2,591,
Tremblade, t. France, in Lower Cfaarente, Sm,
S, Marennes, 21 W, Saintes, Pop, 2,500,

TRE
TVemblay, fief, Kent co. Lower Canada, on the
3, side of the Sl, Lawrence, 7 m, E Montreal,
Tremecen, or Tlemsan, city, Algiers, aud capi
tal of the western division, which is governed by
a bey or viceroy, aituated on a riaing ground, be
low aome rocky precipices, from which issue a
number of springs. Most of tfae walla of Tre
mecen have been built, or rather moulded in
frames, 60 m. S, W, Oran, 220 S. W, Algiera.
Lon.0°28'W. Lat 35° I'N.
Tremiti, 3 small ialanda in tfae Adriatic, near
the coast of Naplea : Capraria, St Donino, and
Tremiti or St, Nicolo. Lon. 15° 34' E. Lat. 42°
IffN. TVemitus, t. of the ialand of Cyprua, 12 m. W,
S. W, Nicoaia,
Tremsbuftd, t. duchy of Holstein, 20 ra. E.
Haraburg, 20 W, S, W, Lubeck,
Trenehes' island. See Hilton Head.
Trtncsin, t, and castle, Hungary, near the
Waag, on a rock, defended by a very strong castle,
20 m. N, N, W, Topoltzan,
Trent, city. Upper Austria, in Latin, Triden-
tum, srad in German, Trient It is on the Adige
or Etsch, in a very fruitful valley surrounded with
higfa faills, Tfae houaea are strongly built of raar
ble dug out of the neighbouring raountains. Be
sides' the cathedral, tfaere are 3 parisfa cfaurcfaes,
a college, aud sorae conventa. 56 m, N. Mantua,
65 N.W. Venice. Lon. 11° ffE. Lat 46° N.
Pop. 7,640.
Trent, formerly a princely biafaopric of Ger
many, situated in tfae Tyrolese.
Trent, r. England, wfaicfa rises in the N. W.
partof Stsiffordsfaire, and running N. E. joins the
Ouse, and the two streams forra the Huraber. Ca
nals are made to open a comraunication belween
this river and various parts of the kingdora. The
Trent ia of itaelf navigable frora Burton iu Staf
fordshire. Trent, r. Canada, whicfa runs from Rice lake'
to lake Ontario.
Trent, r. N. Carolina, which flows into the
Neuse, at Newbern. It is navigable for sea ves
sels 12 railea above the town, and for boata 20.
Trenthom, t. Eng, in Staffordshire, 3 ra, S. New
castie-under-Line, Trenton, t Hancock co. Maine, on French
man's bay, SO m, N, E, Castine,
Trenton, p-t Oneida co. N, Y, 13 m. from Utica,
107 from Albany, Pop, 1,548, In West Canada
creek, on the E, aide of thia town, tfaere is a fall of
100 feet,
Trenton, city, Hunterdon co. New Jersey, smd
capital of the state, is on the E, side of Delawsire
river, opposite tfae falls, 1 1 m, S, W, Princeton,
27 S, W. New Brunswick, 30 N. E, Pfailadelphia,
60 S, W, Ne-w York, The river ia navigable to
this place for sloops, and 100 milea above the falla,
fcK' boats of 8 or 9 tona, Trenton containa a faand
some atate-houae, an academy, 2 bsraks ; and 2
cotton factories erected in 1815, one of which is a
Tery extensive eatabUshment, eraploying more
tfaan 350 bands. Tfaere are 4 houses of public
worship, I each for Epiacopaliana, Methodiata,
Preabyterisuis, and Friends, and between the- city
and Lamberton, a Roman Catholic churcfa and a
Baptiat meeting-houae. At the foot of the falla,
there is an elegant bridge over the Delawsure,
1,100 feet long and 36 wide. Pop, 3,003, or, if
we include Bloomsbury and Lauiberton, which
join it on the south, 6,000.

TRE

745

Trenton, p-t smd cap, Jones co, N, C, on the
Trent, 20 m, W, Newbern, 81 N, N, E, Wilming
ton, Pop, 195, It containa a court-houae and
jail, Trenton, p-t, Chriatian co. Ken,
Trepasser's Bay, or Tr^assi Bay, bay on the S,
coaat of Newfoundland, Lon, 53° W, Lat 46°
5ff N,
Treport, Le, aeaport, France, in Lower Seine,
on the Engliafa channel, Lon, 1° 26' E, Lat, 50°
4'N, Treptow, t, Pruasian states, in Pomerania, 50 m.
S. Stralaund, 50 W. N. W. Old Stettin. Lon. 13°
Iff E. Lat. 53° Sff N. Pop. 2,000.
Treptow am Rega, or New Treptow, t Pruasian
states, in Pomerania, on the Rega, 16 m, N, E.
Caramin, 11 S. W, Colberg. Lon, 15° Iff E, Lat,
64° 2'N, Pop, 4,100,
Tres Hermanos, 3 sraall islands in the bay of
Honduraa, Lon, 88°5ff W, Lat. 19° 20' N,
Tresbea, t France, in Aude, 3 m, E, Carcaa-
aonne, Treshanish hlands, 4 amall islands among the
Western islands of Scotland, between MuU and
CoU, Lon, 6° 2ff E, Lat, 66° Sff N,
Tresund, sraall ial, in tfae gulf of Botfania, Lat,
69° IffN,
Treuanmon's Island, one of the Queen Char
lotte's islands, Lon, 163° 4ff E, Lat, 10° 4ff S,
Treuenbrietsen, t. Prussian slates, in Branden
burg, 20 ra, S, Brandenburg, 34 S, W, Berlin.
Lon, 12° 47' E, Lat, 52° ff N, Pop, 4,100,
Trevenen's Island, or Rooapaa, small isl. in the
Pacific ocean, Lon. 220° 21'^ E, Lat 9° 4' S,
Treves, or Triers, oily, Pruaaian atatea, iu Low
er Rfaine, late capital of an electoral principality,
and archbishopric of the circle of the Lower
Rhine, lying between two mountains on the Mo
selle, over which it has a stone bridge. Long, be
fore the birth of Christ, Treves was a town of
note of tfae Treviri, Afterwards tfae ancient Ro
man emperora had a residence here. The catfae
dral churcfa of St, Peter here atanda on a faill, and
there are beaides 3 collegiate and 5 parish church
es, together with S collegea, and 13 monsisteries
and nunneries, and a university, 68 m, S, S, W,
Cologn, 74 W, Mentz, Lou, 6° 4ff E, Lat, 49° 4ff
N, Pop, 9,860,
Trevi, t Popedom, 32 m, E, Rome,
T^evica, t. Naples, in Principato Ultra, the see
of abishop, 14m, N, Conza, Lon, 15" 14' E, Lat,
41° ffN, Pop, 2,465,
TVevigio, or Treviso, city, AuatriEm Italy, capi
tal of tfae 'Treviaan, aituated at the conflux of the
Sile and the Piaveaella; the aee of a biahop, Jt
faaa ailk and''woollen manufactoriea, a catfaedral,
16 parocfaial churchea, 11 raoUEisteries, 10 nunne
ries, and 4 hoapitala. Pop, 16,000, 15 m, N, N.
W, Venice, 70 N, E, Mantua, Lon, 12° ff E, Lat,
45° 42'N,
Trevigno, t, Spain, in Alava, 12 m, S, W, Vit
toria, TVevisan, or Trevigiano, province, Italy, bound
ed N, by tfae Belluneae, N, E, by FriuU, S, E, by
tfae gulf of Venice, S, W. by the Paduan, and W,
by the Vicentin, The whole oountry ia exceeding
ly fertile, and appeara Uke a continued garden,
Trevose Head, cape, Eng. on the N, W, cosuf of
ComwaU, Lon, 6° I' W, Lat, 60° 33' N,
Trevaux, t, France, in Ain, on the Saone, 10 ra,
N, Lyona, 24 S. W, Bourg-en-Brdsse, Lpn. 4° 51'
E, Lat, 45° 67' N, Pop, 2,6.56.

94

146

T R I

Trewardreth Bay, bay in the English channel,
on tfae S. coast of CornwaU, 3 m. W. Fowey.
Lon. 4" 42' W. Lat. 50° Iff N.
Treyso, t. Hesae-Casael, 26 m. S. Casael, 14 E.
N. E. Marpurg. Lon. 9° Iff E. Lat 50" 54' N.
Pop. 2,400.
Triadebphia, p-v. Montgomery co. Md.
Trial Point, cape on the S. E. coast of the isl
and of Jura. Lon. 5° 52' W. Laf. 55° 64' N.
Triangle Island, ial. Soufh America, in the
mouth of the Oronoko.
Triangle Island, one of the smaller Bahama
islands. Lon. 69° 53' W, Lat 20° 61' N.
Triangles, Southern, reef of roclts in the bay of
Honduras. Lon. 88° 40' W.. Lat 1 7° 45' N.
Tribau, or TVeJoiee, t Moravia, 28 ra. N. W.
Olmutz. Lon. 16° 2ff E. Lat 49° 43' N. Pop.
4,020. Triberg, t Baden, 15 m. N. E. Friburg, 15 S.
Freudenstadt Lon. 8° 17' E. Lat 48° 9' N.
Tribisa, r. Saxony, wfaich runs into the Elbe,
near Meissen,
JHboli, t. A, Turkey, in Trebiaond, 4 m, W. S,
W- Trebisond.
TVibsees, t. Prussian states, in Pomerania, 22
m. S, W, Stralsund, 12 E, Rostock, Lon, 12° 47'
S, Lat, 54" 5' N. Pop, 1,500,
THbstadt, or Tripstadt, t Bavaria, in Lower
Rhine, 18 m, N, W. Landau, 16 E, N, E, Deux
Ponte, Tricala, t, Eu, Turkey, 50 m, E, N, E, Saloniki,
820 W, Conatantinople,
Tricalme, t, Hiud. in the Carnatic, 38 ra. W.
Pondicherry, 56 S. Arcot Xon. 79" 21' E. Lat
11" 6ff N.
Tricariea, t, Naplea, in Bsisilicata, the aee of a
bishop, 13 m, S, E, Acerenza, 21 S, W, Matersi,
Lon. 16° 8' E. Lat 40° 43' N.
Trice, one of tfae Nicobsur islands. Lou. 94° 5'
E. Lat 7° Sff N.
Trichinopoly, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 268 ra.
S. S. W. Madras. II is one of fhe atations of the
Englisfa Chriatian Knowledge Society.
Trichiri, sraaU isl, iu the Grecism archipelago,
S ra, E, Specia.
7VicJ:an(2ore, t Hind, in Tinevelly, 30 m. E. S.
E. Palamcotta.
Trickut, oue of the Nicobar islsmds. Lon. 94°
IffE. Lat 8° ffN.
Tricuta, r. Naplea, whicfa runs into fhe aea, 10
m. E. Roaaano,
' Triden, small ial, in the En|;lish channel, near
tfae coast of France, Lon, 4° 50' W, Lat, 48°
22'N. '
Trietuigh Boy, bay on tfae W, coast of Ireland,
Lon, 8° 15' W. Lat. 54° Sff N,
THesing, r, Auatria, wfaicfa runa into tfae Dan
ube, 3 m. N. W. t'iacfaamund,
Trieste, se-aport, Austrian dominions, in the
kingdora of Illyria, on the Adriatic, af the N. E.
part of the gull of Trieate. The house? faere
sfsmd on the ascent of a mountain, extending
themaelves quite to. the aea, and ou the top of tfae
mountain is a csistie. The harbor has been con-
¦iderably improved and fortified. 74 m. S. S. W.
Vienna. Lon. 13° 55" E. Lat. 45° 53' N. Pop.
35,000. Trigg, CO. Kentucky.
Trigno, r. Naples, which runs into the Adriatic,
12 m. N, W, TermoU,
Trim, t Ireland, in Meath, on the"riv?r Boyne,
?0 m, S, W, Drogheda, 23 N, W, Dublin, Lon.
«°48'W. Lat 53° 32' N.

T R I
Trineatty, one of the Nicobar ialands. Loc-
94° 5' E. Lat 8° 6'N.
TrincoU, t, Ceylon, near fhe east coast, 84 m. E.
S. E. Candy. Lon. 82° 6' E. Lat. 7° IO* N.
Trincomake, See THnkomoly,
Trindden, rock in the ScEiggeroc, between the
coaat of North Jutland aud Norway, 7 ra. N. N. E.
from the island of Lessoe. Lou.' 1 1° 1' E. Lat 67°
27' N.
Tring, t. Eng. iu Herts, 7 m. E. Aylesbury, 31
N. W, London. Lon. 0° 40- W. Lat. 61° 50" N.
Tring, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 50
m. S. Quebec.
Trinidad, ial. near the coaat of South America,
about 30 leaguea long. The climate ia aaid to be
unwholesome, the island being very often covered
¦with tfaick foga. The northern part of the ialand
ia higfa land, and the soil is good for sugar-canes,
tobacco, &c. Pop. in 1805, 2,261 whites, 3,275
free blacka, and 19,709 slaves. By the peace of
Araiens the island was ceded to Great Britain.
The island of Tobago ia aeparated from Trinidad
by a chsmnel called Trinidsid channel. Lon, 60°
6' to 61° 36' W. Lat 9° 48' to 10* 42'N.
Trinidad Lo, t South America, in Moxes, 200
ra. N. E. La Plafa. Lou. 65° 60' VV. Lat. 14°40'S.
Trinidad, seaport, Cuba, in a bay on the S.
coast of tfae Havanna. Lon. 80° 18' W. Lat 51"
56' N.
Trinidad, La, or Sonsonate, seaport, Mexico,
in Guatimala, 80 ra. E. S. E. Guatiraala. Lon.
91° 6' W. Lat 14° 3'N.
Trinidad, isl, in the Allsmtic ocean, and one of
tfaose csiUed Martin Vas's ialands, Lon, df the S.
point, 26° 37' W, Lat 20° 31' S.
Trinidad Bay, bay on the N, W, coast of Amer
ica, Lon, 236° 6' E. Lat 41" 3' N,
Trinite, La, 2 islanda in the Atlantic ocean.
Lon, 40° W, Lat 19° 30' S,
Trinity, r. Texas, which flows into Galveaton
bay, after a course of 300 miles.
Trinity Bay, large bay on the N, E, coast of
New Holland, between cape Grafton and cape
Tribulation. Trinity Bay, large bay on the E. coast of New
foundland, Lon, 53° 10' W, Lat, 48° N,
Trinity, or ia Trinite, seaport, Martinico, Il
ia the residence of several mercfasrats, and a place
of considerable trade, Lon, 61° 8* W. Lat 14°
53' N, ^ '
Trinity Met, bay on the N, W. coast of Ameri
ca, 30 m, S, Queen Charlotte^a aound.
Trinity Island, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon.
206° 47' E, Lat 56° 33' N,
Trinkamdly, aeaport, Ceylon, on fhe E, coaat,
with one of the best and safest harbora in the ial
and, capable of containing a thouaand vessels.
The country around ia barren and unwholesome.
The Wealeysui Methodiatsfaavearaissionaryhere.
70 m, N, E, Candy, Lon, 81° 24' E. Lat 8° 33'N,
TVino, t. Sardinian atates, 10 m. S. S. W. Ver
ceUi, 8 W. Casal. Lon. 8" 16' E. Lat 45° 17' N.
Pop. 5,405.
Trinomaiy, t. Hiud. iu the Camatic, 45 m, S, S.
W, Arcot, 62 W, N, W. Pondicherry, Lon, 79°
Iff E. Lat 12° Iff N,
Trixmda, small isl, in the gulf of Sataiia, near
the coast of NatoUa, Lon, 30° 26' E, Lat 36*
Sff N.
Trionto, r,, Naples, which runs into the gulf-of
Tarento, 10 m, E, Roaaano,
Tri/mto, cape of Italy, on the coast of Calabria

T R I
Citra, in the gulf of Tarento, at the raouUi of the
Trionto. Lon- 16° -54' E. Lat 39'* 46' N.
Tripoli, or Trippall, r. Eng. in Northumber
land, which runs into the Soutfa Tyne, 7 m. W,
Hexhara. Tripaiore, t. Hind, in Marawar, 20 ra. N. E.
Madura. Lon, 79° Sff E, Lat. 10° 8' N,
Tripatore, t. Hind, in Myaore, 40 m, W, N, W,
Pondicherry. Lon, 78" 45' E. Lat 12° 21' N,
Tripetty, t. Hiud. in the Carnatic, 68 ra, N, W.
Madras, Lon. 79° 30' E, Lat, 13" 45' N,
Tripi, t. Sicily, 8 m. S, Pali. Lon. 15" 15' E.
Lat. 38" 10' N.
Tripldt, p-v. Fleming co. Ken.
Triplo Heath, a comraon of England, 8 m, S,
Cambridge, Tripoli, country, Africa, bounded N, by the
Mediterranean ; E, 'by Barca, or conaidering Bar
ca as a province of Tripoli, by Egypt ; S, by tfae
AUas mountain ; and W, by Tunis and Biledulge
rid; about 600 railes frora E. to W, aud 200 frora
N, to S. The inhabitants on the coast generally
live by commerce and piracy, and those in the in
terior by plunder and robbery. See Barbary
Slates. Ti ipoli, city and seaport, Africa, and capital of
the country so called, on the coast of the Medi
terranean. It was formerly divided into two parts,
the Old and New; the forraer ia now almoat gone
to ruin ; the latter, whicfa standa at a amaU dia
tance from it, tfaougfa of no great extent, is popu
lous, and in a flourishing condition. It stands en
tandy ground, by the sea-side, surrounded with
high waUs and atout rsraiparts, flanked with pjrra-
midical towera, but not kept in good repair. It
was once aplace of vast trade, but it nOw retains
few traces of its ancient splendor. The houses
are low and mean, the atreeta narrow, dirty, and
irregular : tfaere are in it neverlheleaa aome mon
uments still atanding, which evince ita former
magnificence. The country around haa a dry
sandy soil, and is adorned with a multiplicity of
handsome viUas. 300 m. S. E. Tunis. Lon. 13°
26' E. Lat 32" Sff N. Pop, 15,000,
Tripoli, or Tarabolus, t. Syria, and capital of a
pachalic, near the niouth of a small river, called
Kadisfas^ at tfae foot of Mount Lebanon, There
is no harbor, but a simple road, which extenda
frora the ahore to shosfls called the Rabbit and
Pigeon islands. The coraraerce conaiats almost
whoUy in indifferent coarse sUks, which are msule
use of for laces, and is principally in tfae faands of
the French, who have a consul here, and three
coramercial houses. They export silks and spon
ges. 75 ra, N. N, W. Damascus, 132 S, Alexan
dretta, Lon, 35" 36' E, Lat 34° 28' N, Pop,
15,000. ¦Tripolissa, t Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 18 m.
W. NapoU di Romania. Pop. 12,000.
Tripontia, or Tripanza, t. Popedora, in Spoleto,
on the Nera, 12 m. N. W. Norcia.
Triptis, t. Saxe-Weimar, 4 m. E. Neustadt, 41
3. S. "VV. Leipsic. Lon. 11" Sff E. Lat. 50° 25' N.
Trissantan Bay. ¦ See Southampton Water.
Tristan d'Acunha, the largeat of three islanda
in the Atlantic ocean, about 15 miles in circum
ference. Near the centre of tfae island a conical
mountain rises, not unlike in appearance to tfae
Peak of Teneriflfe. Lon. 15° 4ff W. Lat 37° S.
Triste, isl. near the coast of America, on the S,
aide of the bay of Campeachy, on the W, of Port
Royal island, 18 raflea in circuuiference, Lat, 18°
2ffN.

TRO

747

Tritchinopoly, t Hind, in the Carnatic, aur
rounded with two wsJls, flanked with towera, and
encorapaaaed with a ditch ; 67 m, W, Tranque-
bar, 156 S, E. Seringapatam, Lon, 78° 4ff E.
Lat. 10° 4ff N,
Trivadi, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 23 m, S, W,
Pondicherry, Lon, 79° 4ff E, Lat 11" 42' N,
Trivento, t Naples, in the Moliae, the aee of a
biahop, 18 m. N, Moliae,
Triumpha de la Crus, cape on the coast of Hon
duras. Lon. 88° 25' W. Lat. 16° 56' N.
Trocadie, small isl, in the gulfof St Lawrence,
near the N. coast of St, John's island,
Trochtelfingen, t HohenzoUem-Sigmaringen,
16 m. N, W. Buchau, 29 S, Stuttgart Lon, 9°
IffE, Lat 48° IffN.
Tractoju, small ial, in the E. Indian aea, near the
coaat of Queda, Lon, 99° 33' E, Laf, 6° Sff N,
Trogen, t. Switzerland, and cfaief place of tfao
Protestant part of tfae canton of Appenzell, cele
brated for its manufacture of cloth, 7 m, S, E. St,
GaU, 7 N, AppenzeU, Lon, 9° Sff E, Lat 47° 14'
N, Pop, 2,250,
Tragyllium, in Sao, Geog, city and proraontory
of Ionia, near the island of Samoa,
TVoia, t, Naplea, in Capitanata, on tfae river
Cfailare, the aee of a biahop. It containa aix
churcfaes, and aix convents, S3 m, S, W, Man
fredonia, 60 N, E, Naples, Lon, 15° 18' E. Lat
41° 24' N,
Trqjd, amall ial, in the Mediterranean, near the
coast of Italy, Lou, 11° 5' E, Lat 42° 43' N.
TVoij Maries, Les, t France, in MouUu-of-the-
Rfaone, 15 ra, S, Aries.
Trois Rivieres, t. Lower Cansula, on the N.
bank of the St. Lawrence, at tfae mouth of the
river St. Maurice, which here dividea and enters
tfae St Lawrence by tfaree channela. It was form
erly the capital of the province, and the centre of
the fur trade. The town is thinly peopled, though
the inhabitants are wealthy. 84 ra. S. W. Quebec,
96 N. E. Montreal. Pop. 2,500.
Trois Rivieres, bay on tfae E. cosiat of the ialand
of St. John, in the gulf of St. Lawrence.
Trois Rivieres, r. St. Domingo, which runs into
the sea on the N. coaat of the island, near Port
Paix. Trails, or Traitskoe Monastr, that ia " the con
vent of the Holy Trinity," a convent of Ruasia,
atrongly fortified 40 m, from Moscow.
Troitsk, t Ruasia, in Penza, 75 m. W. N. W.
Penza. Lon. 43° 34' E. Lat. 54° N.
Traitskoe, t, Russia, in Upha, 200'm,E. Upha,
Lon. 61° 44'E, Lat 64° N,
Troitsko\ t. Ruasia, in Tobolsk, on the Oby,
204 m. N, Tobolsk, Lon, 42° 50' E, Lat 61"
24' N,
Troki, or Trocki, f, Ruasia, in Wilna, formerly
fhe residence of tfae great dukea of Lithuania, 16
m, W, Wilna, 160 E, Konigsberg, Lon, 24° 44'
E, Lat 64° Sff N. Pop. 5,000,
Tromba, small isl, near tfae coaatof latria, Lon,
13° 52'E. Lat 45° ffN.
Tromnes, amall ial. in tfae North aea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lon. 15° 2ff E. Lat 68° 6' N,
Tromoe, isl, near fhe coaat of Norway, Lon, 9°
Iff E, Lat 58° 27' N,
Tramperwick, Gulf of, bay of the Baltic, on
the N, E, coast of tfae ialand of Usedom, Lon,
13° 4ff E, Lat, 64° 40' N,
Troninge, f . Sweden, in HaUand, 8 m, E, Halm-
stad.

748

TRO

T RU

Tronto, r. Italy, which runs into the Adriatic,
in lon, 13" 69' E, Lat 42° 52' N.
Tronzan, t Piedraont, 7 m, N, W, Turin, Pop,
2,540, *
Troon Point, cape on the W, coast of ScoUand,
Lon. 4° 36' W, Lat 65° Sff N,
Tropea, t Naples, in Calabria Ultra, on a rock
near the sea coast, 37 m, N. N, E, Reggio, Lon.
16° Iff E, Lat 38° 4ff N, Pop, 3,992,
Tropic Keys, smaM islanda or rocka among the
Virgin ialanda, in tfae West Indies, between Great
Passage island and Porto Rico,
Trt^ppau, or Oppau, city, Austrian Silesia, and
capital of a circle sq called, ia in a fruitful coun
try, on tfae river Oppa, walled, and containing an
ancient palace of the princea, with 3 parochial
churchea, a college, 3 convents of raonka, and
a nunnery, 45 m, S, Oppeln, 80 S, S, E, Brealau,
Lon, 18° 30' E, Laf. 49° SO' N, Pop, 1 1,540,
Troppkwits, t. Sileaia, 70 m, N, N, W, Trop
pau, Lon, 17° 31' E, Lat 50° 1' N,
Trosa, aeaport, Sweden, in Sudermanland, on
Uie Baltic, 18 ra, S. W, Stockholm,
Trosachs, mountaina of Scotlaud, in Perthahire,
10 m, W, Callander.
Trotby, r. Eng. which runs into the Wye, near
Monmouth. Tratsa, r. Ruaaia, which runa into the Kama, 16
m, N, Kosa, in Viatka.
Troup Head, cape, Scotiand, on tfae N, coaat of
Eamff, 10 m, W. Kinnard's Point Lon. 2° 11' W.
Lat 57° 39' N.
Troupsburg, t. Steuben co, N, Y, 20 m, S, W,
Batfa, Pop, 292,
Trovpsville, v. in Sodus, N, Y, on Sodua bay, 30
m. N. E, Canandaigua,
Troutbeek, r. Eng, in- Westmoreland, which
runs into the Eden, 3 m. below Appleby,
Trout river, r, N, W. Territory, wfaich runs into
the Miaaiaaippi, above the outlet of Sandy lake,
Trowbridge, t. Eng, in Wilts, on the river Were,
10 m. S, E, Bath, 98 W, London, Lon, 2° Iff W.
Lat 51° Iff N.
TrawerVs Island, small isl, near the S. coast of
Java, Lon, 105° 45' E, Lat 7° 2' S,
Troweryn, r. Wales, which runs into the Dee,
Troy, t. Orleans co, Vt. 47 m, N, MontpeUer,
Pop. 231,
Troy, p-t Bristol co, Mass. 16 m, S, Taunton,
48 S. Boston, Pop, 1,296.
Troy, city and cap. Rensselaer co, N. Y, on the
E, bankof the Hudson, 6 ra- above Albany. II ia
a beautiful city, handsoraely built, and regularly
laid out on a plain, and its appearance is very neat.
It contains a court-house, prison, raarket-house, 2
banks, and 5 houses of public worship, 1 each for
Presbyterisins, Episcopalians, Baptists, Metho
dists, and Friends, Troy ia finely aituated for a
commercial suid manufacluring town, being al the
head of sloop navigation on a large river, and the
creeka which here fall into the Hudaon, affording
numerous excellent situaliona for water-worka.
'J'here aro already erected 8 flour mills, an exten
sive cotton and wooUen factory, a paper-miU, a
manufactory of fire-arms, a shovel manufactory,
a rolling and slitting mill, besides aeveral nail-
worka, aaw mills, and other manufacturing estab
hshments. About 30 sloops and 20 smaller ves
sels are employed iu the trade of the town. The
growth of 'I'loy has been very rapid. In 1794, it
was a mero hamlet; in 1810, the population waa
',895; end in 18)9, eatimated at 6,000, In com

merce and wealth it ia considered the third town
in the State,
Tray, t, Athens co, Ohio, at the confluence of
the Hockhocking with Ohio river, 25 m, below
Marietta, Pop, 578,
Tray, I, Geauga co, Ohio,
Troy, p-t, and cap, Miami co, Ohio, on Miami
river, 21 m. N, Dayton, 66 W, Columbua,
Troy, t, Richtand co. Ohio,
Troy, t, and cap. Perry co, Indiana, on the
Ohio, al the mouth of Anderaon'a creek, 55 m, W,
S, W, Corydon,
Troyes, city, France, and cap, of Aube, on the
Seine, before the revolution the capitsd of Cham
pagne, and the aee of a bishop. It contained 14
churches, 4 abbeys, 10 convents, a college, and a
hoapital. The inhabitants carry on a considerable
trade in linen, flax, hemp, cotton, fualians, &c.
1 8 poste N. N. W. Dijon, 19 S, E. Paris. Lou, 4°
IffE, Lat 48° 18'N. Pop. 24,061.
TVacksvilk, t. Richland co. Ohio.
Truhkhevik, t Rusaia, in Orel, on the Desna,
80 m. W. S, W. Orel. Lon. 33° 34' E. Lat 52"
35' N.
Trullikon, v. Switz. in Zurich, 2 m. S. Diasen-
hofen. Truth, small isL on tfae E. side of tfae gulf of
Bothnia. Lon. 23° E. Lat S3° 54' N.
Trumansburg, p-v, Torapkins co, N. Y,
TrumbuU, p-t. Fairfield eo. Ct 17 ra. W. New-
Haven. Pop. 1,241.
Trumbull, co. in the E. psurt of Ofaio. Pop. in
1815, 10,000. Cfaief town, Warren.
TVuns, t. Griaons, 7 m. W. ilantz.
Truro,-- 1. Eng. in Cornwall, at fhe conflux of
two amall rivers, wfaich form a harbour for vessela
of about 100 tons. The chief frsule ofthe place is
shipping of tin and copper ore, dug in the. neigh
bouring mountains. It aends two membera to par
Uament 1 1 m. N, N. E- Falraouth, 257 W, S, W.
London. Lon.4°5S' VV, Lat 50° 16'N, Pop, 2,480,
Truro, t. Halifax co. Nova Scoiia, at the head of
tfae basin of Minaa, 40 m. N, by W, HaUfax,
TVuro, p-t. Barnstable co, Maaa, 57 m. S, E.
Boston, in a direct line, 1 12 by tfae road ; 10 S, E.
Provincetown, Il extends entirely acrosa the
peninsula of Cape Cod. The aoU ia in most places
sandy and barren, and the infaabitants derive their
principal subsistence from tfae sea, which here
abounda witfa fisfa. Grain and vegetables are
generally procured from Boston, Lat 42° 4' N,
Lon, 70° 4' W, Pop, 1,209.
Truro, t. Franklin co. Ofaio, 7 ra. E, Columbua,
Pop, in 1819, 495.
TruxiUo, t. Spain, in Estremadura, defended by
a citadel. 40 ra. N. N. E. Merida, 102 S. W,
Madrid, Lon, 5" 22' W, Lat 39° 15' N, Pop,
3,600, Truxillo, city, Peru, and see of a bishop. It
was built in 1535, by Pizarro. Its site ia pleasant,
notwithstanding the sandiness of the sofl. It is
surrounded with a brick -wall, and stands on a
amall river, about half a league from the sea : two
leagues to the northward, is the port of Guarahaco,
the chanuel of its maritime commerce. Here ia
an oflice of revenue, several convents, a college,
and sm hoapital. The inhabitants conaist of Span
iards, Indians, and all the other csists, 480 m. S,
Quito, 900 N, N, W, Lima, Lon, 79° 20' W, Lat
8° ff S, Pop, 10,000,
Truxilk, s-p, Mexico, in Honduras, on a hilt
near the sea. Lon, 86° 4ff W. Lat 15° 45' N,

TUB

TUL

749

Truxillo, or Nuestra Senora de la Pax, t, Vene
zuela, 120 ra, S. Lake Maracaybo. Lon. 69° 35'
W.Lat8"4ffN. Truxton, p-t. Corllandt co. N. Y. 14 ra. N. E.
Homer, 142 W. Albany. Pop. 1,012.
Truxville, t Richland co. Ohio, on the E. fork
of Mohiccan creek.
Tryon mountains, N. C. lie N, W, of Salisbury,
bordering on Tennessee.
Trysunda, small isl, on the W. of tfae gulf of
Botfania. Lon. 18° Sff E. Lat 63° ff N.
Tscherikov's Island, isl. in the North Pacific
ocean, Lon, 205° 4' E, Lat 55° 49' N,
Tschemoyar, t. Russia, in Saratov, 200 ra, N,W,
Astrachan, Lon. 46° 4' E. Lat 47° 54' N,
Tschersk, or Csersk, t Poland, on the left bank
ofthe Vistula, 25 ra, S. Warsaw, 120 N. Cracow,
Lon. 21° SO' E. Lat. 51° 6ff N.
Tschopo, or Zschapou, t. Saxony, celebrated for
ita blue manufacture, 7 m, S, E, Cheranitz,
15 S, W, Freyberg. Lon. 13° 2' E, Lat, 50°
-4'N, Tsebid, or Tecebit, t Africa, in Sugulraeasa,
Lon, l°E,Lat3l"40'N,
Tsena, r. Malacca, whicfa runa into tfae Chi
nese aea, in lon. 101° 21' E. lat 7° 33' N,
Tsia-tong, isl. in the Hoang-hai, or Yellow aea,
near the coaat of Corea, about 35 railes in circum
ference, Lon, 124° 54' E, Lat, 37° 44' N,
Tseng-ming, ial, near the coast of China, in the
Eaatern aesi, at the raoutfa of tfae Yang-tae riyer,
about 50 mflea long and 10 broad, forraerly a place
of banisfaraent for criminals, Lon. 120° 54' E, Lat,
31° Sff N.
Tsar, Sor, Sur, or Soar, t, on the E, coaat of
Arabia, in Oman, 22 m, S, E, Kalhat Lat 22°
3ff N.
Tua, r. Portugal, which runa into tfae -Duero,
16 m, N, W, St, Joao de Peaqueira,
Tuaio, t Africa, in Jaen, on the Senegal, Lon,
10" 28' W, Lat. 14" 5ff N.
Tuak, small isl, in the Red aea, 12 m. from the
coaat of Arabia, Lon. 41° 6ff E, Lat 5° 58' N,
T«am, city, Ireland, in Galway, the aee of an
archbishop, 17 m, N, N. E, Galway.
Tuorik, a people of Africa, inhabiting a coun
try bordering S, W, on Bornou, S, on Bornou,
Soudan, and Torabuctoo, E on tfae country of tfae
Tibboo and Fezzan, N, on Fezzan and tfae counfry
of tfae Araba who live behind Tripoli, Tunia, smd
Algiera, and W. on the great erapire of Fez and
Morocco. They are divided into raany nationa
and tribes, who all speak the sarae language.
T«6a, r. Russia, which runs into the Enisei, 16
m, S, W, Abakansk, in Kolivan.
Tubal, one of the amall Society islands, 12 ra,
frora Bolabola, Lon, 151° 44' W, Lat 16° 12' S,
Tubingen, t. Wurteraberg, in a valley on the
Neckar, between two hilla. An univeraity was
founded here in 1477, and restored in 1770, Here
is a seminary for the study of divinity, and a col
lege for the nobiUty, 16 m, S. S, W, Stuttgart,
28 E, Freudenslalt Lon, 9° 10' E, Lat 48" Sff N,
Pop. 6,400,
Tu6iia,J, Algiers, (an, Thubana,) 110 ra. S. S.
W, Constantina, 120 S, S, E, Algiers. Lon, 5" 1).
Lat..S5°ff N.
Tub-urbo, t. Tunis, on the Mejerdah, supposed
to be the ancient Tuburbum, 16 m. W. N. W.
Tunia, 7\ibug, harbour on the W. coast of Mindanao,
10 m. N, PoUock harbour.

T«ffta/ioe,r. Md,whichrunsintoChoptankriver,
Thicker's Island, small isl, in the Pacific ocean.
Lon, 122° ff E, Lat 7° 22' N,
Tucker's Island, small ial, near the coEut of S,
Carolina, Lon, 80° Iff W, Lat, 32° 36' N,
Thiekersville, p-t, Wayne co, Geo,
Tuckerton, p-t, and port of entry, Burlington co,
N. J, on Little Egg faarbour,
Tuckush, small ial, in the Mediterranean, near
the coaat of Algiers, 12 ra, E, Cape of Iron,
Tucopia, isl, in the Pacific ocean, Lon, 167° E.
Lat 12° S.
Tucuman, province of tfae old viceroyalty of
Buenos Ayres, lying between tfae province of Salta
on tfae north, and Santiago and Cataraarca on the
S. If containa 60,000 aquare railea, and 45,000 in
habitants. The name is frequently applied to a
much raore extensive country. St Miguel de
Tucuman is the chief town,
Tucuyo, r. Venezuela, wfaich runs into the sea,
in lon, 69° 22' W. Lat, 10° Sff N,
Tuddingtan, t. Eng, in Bedford, 16 ra, S, Bed
ford, 37 N, London,
Tudela., t, Spain, in Navarre, on the Ebro, 4 m,
S, Paraplona, 45 N, W, Saragoaaa, Lou, 1° 40' W.
Lat 42° 1 I'N, Pop, 7,295,
ner, t Ruaaia, and cap, of a government at the
conflux ofthe Tvertza and Volga. It ia the see of
an arcfabiahop. It was burnt in tfae year 1763, but
has since been rebuilt ou a regular aud beautiful
plain, Tfae governor's faouae, tfae biahop's pal
ace, the courta of juatice, the new exchange, the
priaon, and several other public edificea were built
at tfae expense ofthe empress. There is an eccle
siastical aerainary at Tver, wfaicfa ia under the in
spection of the bishop, and adraits 600 students.
"Tver is a place of considerable comraerce, which
it owes principally to ita advantageoua aituation,
72 ra, N, N, vf. Moacow, 580 N, E, Warsaw, 272
S. E, Petersburg, Lon, 36° 14" E, Lat, 56° 5ff N,
Pop, 17,398,
Tiiersfcoe, government, Ruaaia, bounded N, by
Novgorodakoe, E. by Jaroalavl and Vladimir, S, by
Moakovakaia and Smolenakoe, and W, by Pskov-
akoe ; about 180 miles long, and KX) broad, Lon,
33° to 38° E. Lat 65° Sff to 58° 30' N, Pop.
773,300, Tvertsa, r, Ruaaia, which runa into fhe Volga,
alTver- Tuffaa, t Africa, on the Slave coast, 40 m, W,
Aaaom, Tuftonbaraugh, t. Straflbrd co, N, H, on lake
Winnipiseogee, SO N. W. Concord, Pop, 709',
TVige/oflt-r, Georgia, which, flowing S. E. sep
arating S,X!arolina from Georgia, joins the Kio
wee, to forra Savannah river,
Tuggsville, p-v. Clarke co, Alabaraa,
Tuggurl, t, Africa, in Nigritia, 360 m, N. E.
Torabuctou, Lon, 6" E, Lat, 20" Sff N.
Tuggurl, or Tocarl, t. Algiers, 240 ra, S, 3, E.
Algiers. Lon. 5" 50' E. Lat 32° 4ff N.
Tui, r, S. America, which runs info the Carib
bean sea, Lon, 67° 20' W, Lat. 10° 36' N,
Tuis, t. Italy, in Friuli, 10 ra, W, Udina,
Tuklaktak, ial. in the North sea, near the coast
of East Greenland, Lon. 46° 20' W, Lat, 61" N.
Tula, a. city of Russia, and cap, of a govern
ment, on the Upha, If is tfae Birrainghara of Rus
aia, The imperial fabric of fire arma employed in
1800, 6,000 workmen. Pop, at the aame period,
estimated at 30,000, Near it are some iron mines.
112 m. S, Moscow, 452 S, S, E, Peteraburg. Lon.
37° Sff E.Lat 53° 45' N,

750

TUN

T U R

Tulcsa, f. Eu. Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the S.
aide ofthe Danube, oppoaite lamail,
Tullagon Bay, bay on the W, cosist of Ireland,
a littie S. E, of Black Sod Bay,
Tullomore, t, Ireland, in King's county, 44 ra,
W, Dublin,
Tulk, city, France, and cap, of Correze, 58
posts S, Paris. Lon. 1° 51' E. Lat, 45° IffN. Pop,
9,362, Tullins, t. France, in laere, 4 m, N, W, Greno
ble, Tulbi, t Lower Auatria, on a river ofthe aame
name, IS m, W, N, W. Vienna, 44 E, S, E, Zweti,
Lon, 16° ff E, Lat, 48° Iff N, Pop, 1,324,
TuUoargaum, t. Hind, in Viaiapour, 12 ra, N,
W, Poonsih,
Tulkw, t Ireland, in Carlow, 8 ra, E. S. E, Car-
low, 38 S. S, W, Dublin,
7\tUy, p-t. Onondaga co. N, Y, 14 m, S. Onon
daga, 60 S. of W, Utica, Fop. 1,092,
Tullycka, r. Ireland, in Ferraanagh, wfaich runs
into the Lougfa Erne, 4 m, N, Enniakillen.
Tukmd, r. Russia, whicfa runa into Ladoga
Lake, 32 m, N, W, Olonetz,
Tulaur, or Tanna Labu, ial. in the E. Indian
sea, about 90 milea in circuraference. IjOU. 124°
E. Lat. 4° 45' N.
Tulpdiacken, r. Pa. whicfa runa E. aud falla into
the Schuylkill above Reading.
Tulpehocken, t- Berks co. Pa. on the N. side of
the above river.
Tuisk, t. Ireland, in Roscommon, 9 ra. N. Ros
common, 11 S. S. W. Carrick.
Tulskae, government of Russia, bounded N. by
Moskovskaia, E. by Riazanskoe and Tambovakoe,
S. by Orlovakoe, and W. by Kaluzakoe, 120 miles
. long and from 40 to 100 broad. Tula is the cap
ital. Lon. 36° to 38" E. Lat 63" to 55° N. Pop.
866,000. Tumariskai, ial. Ruasia, in the Frozen ocean,
about 360 railea in circumferehce. Lon. 119° to
126° E. Lat. 71° Sff to 73" 16' N.
Tumb, or Tomba, or Petombo, or Colombo, or
Slangen, or Great Tomb, ial. in tfae Peraian gulf, 3
mfles long. Lon. 55° Sff E. Lat 26° 24' N.
7'umb Namiu, or Little Tumb, small jsl, in the
Persian gulf, 10 ra, S, W. Tumb,
Tumbada, small isl, among tfae Bafaamas, Lon,
79° SO' W, Lat. 26° 2.4' N,
Tumbdan Islands, shiall islands in tfae E, Indian
sea, Lon, 107° 68' E. Lat, 1"N,
Tumbez, t Peru, near a river of the same nsune,
whicfa diacfaargea itaelf into tfae bay of Guayaquil,
Tfae town consists only of 70 faouses, infa-abited by
Mestizos, Indians, Mulattoes, and a few Spaniards,
280 m. N. Truxillo, Lon, 80" 6' W, Lat, 3°
13' S,
Tumbling dom, place on Delaware river, 22 ra,
above Trenlon-
Tuna,s-p. Egypt, on the Red sea, 52 m. S, S, E,
Coseir, Tunbridge, t. Eng, in Kent, on the Medwray,
About 4 or 6 rafles S, of the town are sorae raedi
cinal springs, called Tunbridge Wells, useful in
consuraptive complaints, and much resorted to,
14 m, S. Maidstone, 30 S. E, London, Lon, 0° 16'
E. Lat 51° 12' N, Pop, 5,932.
Tunbridge, p-t. Orange co, Vt, 30 ra, N, Wind
sor, Pop, 1,640,
Tuneka, t Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Uira, 84 in,
N, Balaganskoi,
Tungcbadra, r. Hind, which runs into the Ki"t-
nah, 7 m, E, Rachore,

Tunginskoi, i. Russia, on the Irkut, SOm, S, W
Irkutak, 800 E, S, E, Kolivan, Lon, 103° 14' E
Lat 51° Iff N.
Tunguska, r, Ruasia, whicfa rises in lake Bai
kal, and runs into the Enisei, 20 m, S, Eniseisk : in
the former -part of its course it is called Angara.
Tunguska, (Padkamenskoia,) r. Russia, which
runs into the Enisei, 200 ra, below Eniseisk,
Tunguska, (Niznei,) r. Russia, which runs into
the Enisei, 8 ra, S. S, E, Turuchansk, Lon, 89° 14'
E. Lat 65° 41' N,
Tunguskoi, (Ust,) t Ruasia, in Tobolak, 24 m.
S, Eniseisk, at the conflux of tfae Enisei and Tun
guska, Tunia, or Tunja, t New Grenada, 60 m, N.
Santa Fe de Bogota, 350 m, S, S, E, Carthagena,
Lon. 72" 6ff W, Lat, 5° ff N,
Tunis, city, Africa, and cap, of the country so
called, situated on a rising ground, on the W,
bank of a lake. It ia surrounded by lakea and
marshea, which however do not render it uii-
healthy. Tfae Tunisians are the moat civilized
nationa of Barbary, The English, French, Dutch,
and several European States have consnla here,
who are treated with civility smd respect' Ther*
are few buildings of any magnificence, except the
great mosque, the bey's palace, and a few others.
Near tfae centre of the city is a piazza of vast ex
tent, which is said formerly to faave contained
3,000 sfaops for tfae sale of woollen and linen goods ;
in tbe manufacture of both which tfaia city has
been long fsimoua. Here are aeveral collegea and
schools, with many leEirned raen and doctors ofthe
Mahometan law. Tfae cfaief defence is the cas
tie. Lon, 10°2ff E, Lat 36" 44' N, Pop, about
100,000, Tunis, country, Africa, bounded N, and E, by
the Mediterranean, S. by Tripoli, and VV, by Al
giers, About 200 milea from N. to S. and 120
from E. lo W. Pop, variously estiraated from
1,000,000 to 3,000,000. Il ia governed by a bey,
and witfa more mildness tfaan tfae otfaer Bsurbary
States. See Barbary States.
Tunkhannock, r. Pa. which runa into fhe E.
branch of the Suaquehannah, 35 m. above Wilkes
barre, Tunkhannock, p-t, Luzemc co. Pa. Pop. 884.
Tunudliorbik, isl. nesir the coast of East
Greenland. Lon. 46" 50' W. Lat 60" 45' N,
Tuns, (The,) rocks in St, George's cfaannel,
near the coast of Ireland, 3 ra. N. E, Saltee ial
ands. Tucaqua, small isl. in tfae Spaniafa Main, near
the coast of S. America. Lon. 68° 40* W. Lat 10°
32 N.
Tura, isl. in the Grecism archipelago, Lon, 24°
IS'E, Lat 39° 34' N,
Titras, V. Moravia, 5 ra, S, S. E. Brunn, 4 S.W.
Austerlitz. Turbica, or Turbigo, t. Italy, in Olona, 18 m.
W. Milan,
Turckheim, t, France, in Upper Rhine, 3 m, W.
Colraar, 12 S. S, W. Schleltstalt
Turcoin, t. France, in North, taken by the duke
ofYorkonthel7thofMay, 1794, On the 18th,
tfae French attacked tfais post, and a battie was
fought, in which Uie French were victorious. This
conflict may be said fo have decided the fate ef
the Netherlands, 6 in, N, N, E, Lille, 9 S, W.
Courtray, Pop, 11,380,
Turcomania, that part of .Armenia which be
longs to the Turks,

T U R

T U R

751

Turanne, t, France, in Correze, 9 m. S, Brive,
15 S. S. W, Tulle,
Turin, city, Italy, and capital of Piedraont, ait
uated at the conflux of the Po and the Grand Do
ria, about 7 railea from the Foot of the Cottian
Alpa, in the road from France to Italy, by the
way of Mount Cenia. The approach to it is mag
nificent, and the environa beautiful. The four
gates are highly ornamental ; the streeta in the
New Town are wide, atraight and clesra. The
fortifications of Turin are regular, Tfae citadel
ia a pentagon, conaiating of five strong bsistions,
aud is reputed one of tfae strongest in Europe,
Tfae university was founded in 1405, and has 24
profesaors, and a royal library, wherein are about
50,000 voluraea. Here ia also a royal museura,
srad a railitary acaderay. The palace is in a siraple
and noble stile of architecture, Tfae chief trade
of tfaia city and country is in silk, wfaich is sent to
England and Lyons, Lon,7°4ffE, Lat 45° ffN,
Pop, 73,616,
Turin, p-t. Lewis co. N, Y, on Black river, 15
m. N, Rorae, 145 N,W, Albany. Pop. 856,
Turinsk, I. Russia, in Tobolsk, 144 ra, W, To
bolsk, 620 W, N, W, KoUvan, 1,028 E. Peters
burg. Lon. 63" 44' E, Lat. 58° N,
Turirana, r, Brazil, which runs into the Atlan
tic, in lon, 46° 4ff W. lat, 1° Sff S,
Turk Islands, or Turk's Isknds, small islands
among tfae Bafaamas. Lon, 71° W, Lat 21° 20' N,
Turkestan, or Turon, country, Asia, bounded
N, by deserts, which separate it from Russia, E,
by a part of Tsirtary, belonging to the Calrauks, S,
by Bukharia, and W, by Charasm,
Turkmi, an extensive country, embracing large
provinces in Europe and Aaia. Turkey in Eu
rope Uea between Hungary and Russia on the N,
and the Mediterranean on the S, and between the
Black sea on the E. and the gulf of Venice on the
W, Extent, about 200,000 square mfles, 11 has
a mild and delicious climate, with a fertile soil,
yielding corn, wine and oil in abundance, but the
indolent Turks auffer extensive tracts to lie un
cultivated, Tfae northern provinces are princi
pally level ; but the southern, embracing all an
cient Greece, are diversified witfa faills, vallies,
and lofty raouilfains, Tfae populalion of Turkey
in Europe is estimated at 8,000,000, consisting
principsdly of Greeks and Turks. The Turks
have tfae dorainion, bul are inferior lo tfae Greeks
in nuraber, Tfae Turks are Mahometans, the
Greeks are Christiana, and are auffered to retain
their priests, bishops, archbishops and patriarcha.
The government ia deapotic, fhe emperor, wfao ia
also atyled Sultan and Grand Seignior, faaving ab-
aolute power of life and deatfa. 'Tfae exports are
principally corn, wine, oil, figs, curranta, wool,
camel's faair, &c. Tfae merchanta are principally
Jews, Armenians and Greeka,
Asiatic Turkey is bounded N, by the Black
sea and Rusaia ; E, by Peraia ; S, by Arabia, and
W, by the Mediterranean. It embracea Syria,
Palestine, and many countriea faraous in ancient
history, Tfae cliraate ia deligfatful, and the soil
naturally fertile, producing rich fruits, corn, wine
and oil ; but the people are in a wretched condi
tion, oppreaaed by tfae Turka, and without motives
for exertion. The number of infaabitanta ia eati
mated at 10,000,000, compoaed of various nationa
and religious denominations, Egypt has some
times been considered as a Turkish province, but
it is now governed by an independent chief. The
Barbary Statea have assisted the Sultan with

shipa iu time of war, but canudt be regarded as
subjects of the Otloraan sceptre. The Turkiah
navy conaiata of about SO ahips ofthe Hue, with a
proportional number of smaller veaaels, but on a
great emergency can be increased to 40 sail of
the line, with frigates and gaUiols carrying 50,000
men. 'The array cannot be estimated at raore
than 150,000 effective men. The revenue is com
puted at 32,000,000 dollars.
Turkey, t Easex co. N. J. 14 m. N. W. Eliza
bethtown. TStrkey, r. Miaaouri Territory, whicfa runa into
tfae Miaaiaaippi about 30 m. below the Ouiaconain.
Ita raouth ia 60 yards wide.
Turkey Foot, p-v. Soraerset co. Pa,
Turkey Hill, t. St, Clair co, IlUnois, Pop.
1,151. Turkey Point, v. Upper Canada, on lake Erie,
a little E. of Long point, aud 60 m. S. W. fort Erie.
Here are a court-house and jail.
Turkey Point, point of land, Md. at the head of
Cfaesapeake bay, 15 m. S. W. Elkton, Here tfae
Britisfa landed in Auguat 1777, when they ad
vanced lo Philadelpfaia,
Turki, t. Hind, in Bahar, 31 ra, W, N, W, Dur
bnnga, Lon, 85° 33' E, Lat 26° 18' N,
Turkin, t. Rusaia, in Caucasus, on the Caspisin
sea, 140 ni, S, Aatrachan, Lon. 47° 14' E, Lat, 44"
IffN, Turks, small isl. in the gulf of Engia, near tfae
N. E. point of tfae island of Engia,
Turn, t. Walacfaia, al tfae conflux of tfae Alaul
and the Danube, 24 ra, S, Branoovani, 84 E, Or
sova. Turnau, t. Boheraia, 44 ra, N, N, E, Prague.
Lon, 15° ll' E. Lat 53° 32' N,
Tumeff Isknd, ialand in the bay of Honduraa,
about SO railea long, and 10 broad, Lon, 88° 20"
W, Lat 17° 16' N.
Turner, p-t, Oxford co, Maine, on the Andros
coggin, 18 m, E, Paria, 155 N, N, E, Boston, Pop.
1,129. 7Vtj-nernii//e, p-v. Kent oo. Va,
Turness, cape on the E. coast of the islsind of
Hoy, Lon. 3° W W. Lat. 58° 41' N.
Turnhout, t. Brabant, 25 m. S, S, VV. Bois-le-
Duc, 18 S. S.E. Breda, Lat, 51° 25' N, Lon, 4°
55' E, Pop, 8,606,
Turae, araall ial, Denraark, in the Little Belt,
12 ra. S, W, Aaaena, in the island of Funen,
Turon, seaport. Cochin China, in a bay to
which il gives name, Lon, 108° 6' E, Lat 16°
ff N,
Turreff, t. Scotland, in Aberdeenshire, on the
river Devr*, 26 ra, N, N, W, Aberdeen,
Turret Island, sraall ial, iu the Mergui archipe
lago, Lat, 10" 24' N, .
Tursi, t, Naples, the see of a biahop, 110 m. E.
S, E, Naples, Lon, 16" Sff E, Lat. 40" 17' N,
Turtle Bay, bay on the W, coast of Africa, Lat-
14°5ff S,
Turtle Bay, bay on the S, coast of New Ireland,
called also Si, George's Bay; and Proslin Bay.
Turtle Creek, r. Pa, which runa into the E. bank
ofthe Monongahela, 12 m. above Pittsburg,
Turtle Creek, t. Warren co, Ohio. Pop, 3,442.
Turtle Island, sraall isl, in the E, Indian sea,
Lon, 132° 51' E, Lat. 6° 35' S.
Turtle Point, cape on the S, coast of Java, Lon-
109°6ffE. Lat 7° 42' S,
Turtle Island, small isl, in thePacific ocean
Lon, 177° 57' W. Lat. 19° 5ff S.
Turtle River, r. Georgia, which flows into St.

752

T U Z

TYL

Simons aound- The bar at its mouth haa aufii
cient depth of water for the largeat vessels,
Turton, t. Eng, in Lancaahire, 6 in, S, Black
burn. Turtucala, t. Eu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, on the
Danube, 34 m, S. W, Dristra,
Turuchan, r, Russia, wfaich runs into the Eni
aei, a little S, of Turuchansk,
Turuchansk, t. Rusaia, in Tobolak, on tfae Eni
sei, formerly called Mangasea, Moat of the in
habitants have always been Coaaaca, 724 m, N,
E. Tobolsk, 1,800 E. N. E. Peteraburg. Lon. 88°
44' E. Lat 66° 4ff N.
Tuscaloosa. See Black Warrior.
Tuscaloosa, co. Alabaraa, on Black Warrior
river. Tuscany, Grand Duchyof, (an. Etruria,) coun
try, Italy, bounded N. and E. by the Statea of the
Cfaurcfa ; S. and W. by the Mediterranean ; N,
W, by the Duchy of Lucca, It corapriaea the ial
and of Elba and other araall poaaeaaions, governed
by the archduke Ferdinand of Auatria, and con
taina 8,600 square mflea, and 1,180,000 inhabit
anta, Tfae revenue exceeda $2,000,000, The ar
my on an eraergency can be increased to 30,000
men. If ia one of the moat beautiful and fertfle re
giona of Italy, abounding in corn and cattle, wine
and fruite. The principal citiea are Florence,
Leghorn and Pisa,
Tuscarawas, name ofthe main branch of Mus
kingum river, above Coshocton,
Tuscarawas, co, Ohio, on Tuscarawas river.
Pop, in 1815, 3,880. Cfaief town. New Pfailadel
phia, Tuscarawas, t. Stark co, Ohio. Pop, in 1819,
630, T'uscaroro, v. Niagara co, N. Y, 2i m, E, Lew
istown, infaabited by Tuscarora Indiana to the
nuraber of 300, Tfaey faave made considerable
progress in civilization, faaving in a great measure
abandoned the chase, aud depending for aupport
principally upon the produce of their aoil. They
have a good raeeting-house, a school, and a regu
larly organized churcfa of 17 Indian raerabers, un
der the care of a missionary ofthe United Foreign
Miasionary Society,
Tusis, t, on tfae Rfaine, IS m. S, Coire, 20 N,
Cfaiavenna, Lon. 9° 30' E, Lat 46° 32' N,
Tuskor, small isl, in St George's cfaannel, 5 ra.
from the S. W. coast of Ireland. Lon, 6" 10' W.
Lat 52" 13' N,
Tuspa, r. Mexico, wfaicfa runs into tfae gulfof
Mexico, in lon. 98" W. lat, 21" 28' N,
Tutocorin, or Tutucarin, t. Hind, in tfae Carna
tic, 25 m, E, Palamcotta, 85 S, Madura,
Tutbury, or Tuttesbury, t. Eng, in Stafford, on
the Dove, 5 ra, N, W, Burton, 134 N, W, Lon
don. Lon. I" 41' W. Lat 52° 51' N.
Tuttlingen. See Duttlingen.
Tutura, t. Russia, in Irkutak, on the Lena, 160
ra. N. Irkutsk, 200 S. S. W. Kirensk. Lon. 105°
44'E. Lat 54° 40' N.
Tuxfard, t. Eng. in Nottinghara, 15 m. N. Not
tingham, 137 N, London, Lon. 0" Sff W, Lat, 53°
14' N,
Tuy, t, Spain, in Galicia, on a mountain, near
the I^, side of the Minho, opposite Valcnca, in
Portugal; Uieaeeof a bishop, 40 m, S. W, Oren
se, 50 S, ComposteUa, Lon, 8° 37' W, Lat 42°
ffN, Tusk, t. A, Turkey, in Caramania, at the W.
end of a lake to which it gives name, 28 ro, N,
Cogni,

Tweedy r, Scotland, which from Cold afream
forms the boundary Une belween England and
Scotlaud, and runs into the German aea at Ber
wick. Tweedmouth, seaport, Eng, in Durham, separa
ted only by the Tweed frora Berwick,
TiK>e/»e Apostles, araall ialands at tfae W. extrem
ity of tfae straits of MageUan, on tfae coast of Ter
ra del Fuego, belween cape PiUar and cape De
seada, Tunclcenham, v. Eng, in Middleaex, on the
Thamea, 11 m. W. S, W, London,
Twiggs, CO, Geo, on the E, aide ofthe Oakmul
gee, Pop, 3,405, including 642 slavea. Chief
town, Marion.
Twin, t. Dark co, Ohio.
T-win, t. Roaa co, Ohio, on Paint Creek, 8 m. W,
ChilUcothe. Pop. in 1819, 1,510.
Twin, t. Preble co, Ohio.
Twin Cretk. See Franklin Creek.
Twin, North and South, 2 islands in Jamea'
bay, Hudson's bay. Lon. 80° 4ff W. Lat 53°
20' N.
T^ins, 2 small iatanda in tfae E. Indian aea, near
the island of Paraguay. Lon. 1 18° ff E. Lat 9'
18» N.
Twins, 2 small islsinds in the E, Indian sea, near
the N, coast ofthe island of Florea, Lon. 122" 33'
E, Lat 8° 2'S,
Twohead Island, smaU isl, near tfae S, coast of
Ireland, 1 m, W. Lsirab's-Head.
Two^Headed Point, cape on the S, W. coaat of
the island of Kodiak, in the Pacific ocean, Lon.
207° ff E. Lat 56° 54' N.
Twoheorted River, r. Micfaigan Territory, which
runs into Lake Superior, 21 ra. N. of tfae Grand
Marais. T\eunt, t. Algiers, on tfae coast of the Mediter
ranean, SO m. N. W. Treraecen. Lon. I" 2' VV.
Lat 35° 18' N.
Tybee, ial. off tfae coaat of Georgia, al tfae mouth
of Savannah river. Lon. 81° Iff W. Lat 32° N,
Here ia a Ught-house.
J)/emochtee, r. Ofaio, wfaich runs into Sanduaky
river, 1 2 m, below Upper Sandusky,
Tyfory, sraall isl, in tfae E, Indian sea, 45 m, VV.
Gilolo, Lon. 126" 28' E, Lat I" 6, N.
Tygarts Volley. See Beverly, Randolph co, Va.
T^ger, r. S, C, which rises in the Alleghany
mountains, smd runs into Broad river, 5 m, above
the moulfa of tfae Enoree,
Tygers' Paint, cape of Asia, on the S, W. coast
of Ava, at the mouth of the Persaim, Lon, 94° 45'
E, Lat 15° 50' N,
Tiger's Island, sraall isl. in the Chinese aea,
near tfae coast of Chiampa. Lon, 107" 45' E. Lat.
10"47'N. Tygers' Island, srasdl isl. in the Chinese sea,
near the coast of Cochin China. Lon, 106" IffE.
Lat. 16" 51' N,
Tyger Island, small isl, in the Pacific ocean, at
the entrance of the bav of ,V raapalla, Lon, 13°
Iff N,
Ty Gwyn, v. %V'Edes, iu Caermarthen, 5 m, W,
St Clare-
Tykocayn, t Poland, in tfae palatinate of Bielsk,
In 1705, Augustus 11, instituted the order of the
While E.igle in thia town. 28 m, N. N, W,
Bielak, T^ler, 00. in the N, W, part of Va, formed from
part of Ohio county. At the court-houae ia a
post-office.

V A D
Tylers, Great and Little, 2 amaU islands' in' the
gulf of Finland. Lon, 27° 12' E, Lat 59" 50' N,
7)/ne, r. Scotisrad, which runs into tfae German
sea, in lon. 2° Sff W. lat 66° 2' N.
Tyngsborougfi, p-t Middlesex co. Maaa. on the
W. aide of Merrimack river, 28 m. N. W. Boatout-
Pop. 704.
Typa, harbour ou the coast of China, at the en
trance of the river of Canton. Lon. 113° 49' E.
Lat 22° 9' N,
_ Tyran, or T^ron, small isl, in the Red seEU Lon,
34°28'E, Lat27°4ffN. , ai.
Tyrawl^'s Point, the S, W, extreipity of Tre-
vanion'a ialand, in the Pacific ocean, Lon. 163°
41' E, Lat 10° 48' S,
J\/ringham, t Berkshire co. Mass, 14 m. S, S, E,
Lenox, Pop, 1,689, - >
Tyrolese, or T\/rol, formerly a county of the
Auatrian dominiona, bounded N, by Bavaria, E.
by Salzburg and Corintfaisi, S, by Italy, sind W, by
Bavsu-ia and tfae Grisons. It is now included in
the division of the empire, called Upper Austria,
Tfae country is mountainous, and capable of mak
ing a powerlul stand against an invading enemy,
7\/rone, county, Ireland, bounded N, E, by Lon-

V A\ tr

¦;-,7S3

dbnJerry, E, by Lough Neagfa, S, E,by'Ai>mgh,
S, by Monaghan, S, W, by Fermanagh,-,!^ W,
by Donegal, ¦¦:¦.¦ i'lil-^
Tyronejt-Cumberlandco, Pa, Pop, 2,604.
Tyrone, t Fayette co. Pa, on the Youghiogeny,.
IS ra, N, Unjon, Pop. 989,
TWone, t, Huntingdon co. Pa, Pop, 753,
7)/root, circar, Hind, in Bahar, Durbungah ia
the capital,
7\/rrd, co. in the E. part of N. C. Pop, 3,364,
including 910 alavea. Chief town, Elizabethtown.
Tysted, t Denmark, in North Jutland, on a riv
er, which runs into the Lyraford Gulf, 40 ra. W.
Aalborg. Lon. 8° 4ff E, Lat, 57° ff N,
Tywappity, t. Cape Girardeau co. Missouri,
nivappily, t. New Madrid co. Missouri,
T^are^iag-or, t, Ruaaia, in Tobolsk, on the Tobol,
28 ra, S, S, E, Okunevsk, Lon, 64° 34' E, Lat, 66°
20' N,
Tsaritsin, t. Russia, in Saratov, on fhe Volga,
180 m. S, Saratov, 378 E, Ekaterinoslav, Lon.
44° 34' E. Lat 48° 35' N.
Tsuruchatu, (Staroi,) t. Rusaia, in Irkutsk, 160
m. S, E. Nertcfainsk, Lon, 119" 32' E, Lat 49°
IffN.

U. V.

V-lACEN, (East,) isl, in the North Sea, 20 m,
from the coastof Norway, Lat 68° 26' N,
Vttttgen, (West,) isL in the Nortfa Sea, SO ra,
from tfae coast of Norway, Lat 68° 12' N,
Vaagsae, amsdl ial, in tfae Nortfa Sea, near tfae
ooaat of Norway, Lat 6 1" 67' N,
Vaarsoe, amall ial. of Denmark, off the E, coaat
of Jutland, Lon, 10° 1' E, Lat 56" 5ff N,
Vabres, t, France, in Aveiron, 2 m, S, W. St
Afrique, Vacan, one of tfae smsdl Pfailippine Islands, near
the N. coast of Samar, Lon, 121° 15' E. Lat 12°
47' N,
Vacca, (La,) amsdl isl, iu tfae Mediterranean,
near tfae S. cosist of Sardinia, 3 ra, S, St Antioco.
Vacha, t, Germany, in Saxe-Weimar, on tfae
Werra, SO m, N, E, Fulda, 46 E. Marburg, Pop,
2,000, Vacha, t Germany, 25 m, N, E, Anspach,
Vache, or Cow's Isknd, ial. 12 m, from the S,
coaat of Hiapsraiola, about 24 mUea in circumfer
ence. Lon, 74° 25' W, Lat 18° 5' N,-
Vache et k Torreou, or Cow and Bull Rocks,
rocka on the S, coaat of Newfoundlsuid, a little E.
of Placentia Bay,
Vado, a-p, Tuacany, at the mouth of the river
Cecina, 18 m. S, W. Volterra, 16 E. S, E. Leg
horn, Lon. 10° 30' E. Lat 43° 17' N,
VadoddU, t. Hind, 25 m, N, Madras, one ofthe
stations of tfae Church Missionary Society,
Vadin, t F.u. Turkey, in Bessarabia, on the Dan
ube, 32 m. W. Nicopoli.
Vado, or Vadi, s-p. of the Genoese, in a bay,
with a good harbor, 3 ra. S, Savona, Lon, 8° 30'
E, Lat 44° 14' N,
Vttduts, t. and castle, Germany, in the princi
paUty of Lichtenstein, 26 m, S, Lindau, 34 S, S,
95

E, Constance, Lon, 9° 31' E, Lat 45° 5^ N, Pop.
1,800. Vaena, t. Spain, in Cordova, 18 m. E. S, E.
Cordova. Vteiroe, small isl, in the Baltic, near the N.
coast of Laland. Lon. 10° 46' E. Lat. 55° 57' N.
Vierae, amall ial. in the Nortfa Sea, 20 leagues
from the coaat of Norway. Lat. 67° N.
Voga, r. Russia, which runs into 'he Dwina, at
Ust Vagakoi, iu Archangel.
Vagos, t. Portugal, in Beira, near the Atlantic
cosiat, 6 m, S. Braganca Nova,
Vagskoi, Ust, t. Ruaaia, in Archangel, at the
union ofthe rivers Vaga and Dwina, 20 ra. N, N.
W. Schenkurak,
Vaigar, ial, Russisi, in tfae Frozen Ocean, ou tfae
N, side of tfae Straits of Vaigatskoi, about 24 milea
long, Lon, 52° 24' E, Lat 75° Sff N,
Vaihend, or Scanderie, t. Persia, in Segcatan,
150 m, S, E, Candafaar, Lon, 66" 40' E, Lat 31°
10' N,
Voison, t. France, in Vaucluse, on the Oueze,
22 m, N. N. E. Avignon, 23 S. E. Montelimart
Pop. 2,130,
Vol de Prades, t. Portugal, in Tras loa Monies,
16 m. E, N, E. Mirandola,
Valadares, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho,
5 ra, S. W, Melgasso.
Valais, canton, Switzerland, bounded N, by
Bern, and the lake of Geneva, E. and S. by Italy,
W, , by Savoy ; about 100 railea long frora E. to
W. and from 20 lo 25 broad. The whole country
is one large vale, watered by the Rhone, and en
vironed on the N, and S. by very high mountains.
The Valais is a counfry of exfraordinary fertility,
producing wheat, barley, rye, good wine, with
plenty of apples, pears, plumbs, cherries, diest-

754

VAL

VAL

nuts, mulberries, small-nuts, saffron, &c. Both
hilla and vaUiea breed great numbera of cattle.
The inhabitanta are mucfa subject to goitres., The
religion ia fhe Roman Catholic. Sion is tfae capitsd.
Pop. 120,000.
^a/cB, r. Popedom, which runa into the Tiber,
about 6 milea above Rorae.
Vttldaia, t Russia, in Novgorod, 71 ra. S. E.
Novgorod. Lon. 33° 44' E. Lat 57" 5ff N.
Valdasnes, t. Portugal, in Traa loa Monies, 9 m.
E. S. E. Mirandela,
Valdeeona, t Spain, in Catalonia, 15 m, S, Tor-
toaa, VaUepenas, t. Spain, ip Jaen, 8 m. S, W, Jaen,
Voldepenos, t. Spain, in New Csistile, ,22 m, S,
E, Civdad Real.
Valdigem, t Portugal, in Beira, near the Due
ro, 3 m, N, E, Lamego,
Valdivia, r. Chili, which runa into the sea near
Valdivia. Valdivia, or Baldivio, s-p. Chili, on a bay of
the Pacific Ocean, Il is one of the most populous
cities in Cfaili, Ita harbor ia the safest, tfae strong-
eat by nature and art, and tfae moat capacious of
any on tfae western coast of America, 180 m, S,
Conception, Lon, 73° 54' W, Lat 39° 4ff S, Pop,
about 40,000,
Valedio, a-p. Africa, in Fez, on the coast of the
AUantic. The hsu-bor is capable of containing
above 1,000 shipa, but tfae entrance, ia difficult
and dangeroua. 27 m, S. S, W, Mazagan,
Valeggio, or Valessa, t. Auatrian Italy, on the
Mincio, 17 m, S, W, Verona, 12 N. Mantua.
Valenga, t Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minho,
ou the S. aide ofthe Minfao, 16 ra. W. Oporto, 30
W. N. W, Braganca, Lon, 8° 20' W, Lat 42° N,
Valenga de Akontara, t. Spain, in Estreraadu
ra, 24 ra. S, W, Alcantara,
Valenga de Duero, t Portugal, in Beira, half a
lesigue from the Duero, 12 m, W, St, Joao de Pea
queira, Valence, t France, in Lot and Garonne, 12 m,
S, W, Agen, 22 E, Nerac, Lon, 0° 5ff E, Lat 44°
6'N. Valence, city, France, and cap. of Drome, on
the left aide ofthe Rhone. Before the rev'olution
it waa the aee of a bishop, and capital of a princi
pality caUed Vokntinois. 16i posts N. Avignon,
71 S. S. E. Paris. Lon. 4° 5ff E. Lat 44° 5ff N.
Pop. 7,532.
Valence el Albegeois, t. France, in Tarn, 12 m,
N, E, Alby, 21 S. S, W. Rhodez.
' Valencia, province, Spain, bounded N. by Ara
gon and Catalonia, E. and S. E, by the Mediterra
nean, S, W, by Murcia, and W. by New Castile,
, about 220 long from N, to S, ; the breadth is une
qual, from 20 to 45, In proportion lo its extent,
it ia one of the best peopled provinces of Spain,
The soU ia extremely fertile, sdlfaougfa divided by
mountaina. Silk ia raade in tfaia province in large
quantities. Pop, 932,150,
Valencia, city, Spain, and cap, of the above
province, ia on the Guadalaviar, about a mile from
ita mouth. The alreets are narrow, and tfaere are
few fine edifices, Tfae ailk manufactures are
among tfae most extenaive in Europe, The har
bor ia merely a bad road without anchorage or
shelter. The surrounding country is fertile and
beautiful, 170 ra, E, S, E, Madrid, Lon, 0° 27'
W, Lat, 39° 27' N, Pop, 105,000,
Valencia, t. S. Araerica, in Caraccas, 16 m, S,
W, Caraccaa, 12 E, S, E, Venezuela, Lon, 68°
'W, Lat. 10° N,
VaUncien^nes, eity, France, in fhe dep, of the

North, aituated on tfae S.cfaeldt, Large aums have
heretofore been apent in repairing and improving
the fortifications. The principal msiuufacturea
are lace, cambrick, and woollen mitta, camleta,
fee, 4ipostaE,Douay, 26 N,N, E.Paris, Lon,
3° Sff E, Lat 60° 21' N, Pop, 16,9 1 8,
Valentia, isl, in the Atlantic, near the S, W.
coast of Ireland, 6 miles long, Lon, 10° 1 1' W.
Lat 51° 62' N,
Valenso, t Italy, in the Sardinian States, on the
Po, 6 m, N, Alexandria, 22 S, Novara,
Valdtm, or C'i//a Nuovo, city, MiUta, and cap.
of tfae islsmd, built on a bill, in form like a neck of
land extending itself into tfae sea. Its walls are of
large aquare stones, dug out ofthe rock, and plant
ed with several batteriea. On the point towards
tfae aea, atands the c-astle of St Elmo, a fortress
which defends both the harbors, one of which is
called Marso Mascietto. The other harbor is call
ed The Great Harbor, being the largest, safest
and most coramodious io this island. The town of
Vsdetta contains a handsorae palace, several con
vents and nunneries, and a large hospital. Fop.
23,680. Valey Island, small ial. in the North sea, sepa
rated by Valey Sound, from the islsrad of Shetland.
Lon. 1° 6ff VV. Lat 60° Iff N.
Volk, t. Russia, in Rigii, -72 m.N.E. Riga. Lon.
25" 44' E. Lat 57° 50' N.
Volki, t. Ruaaia, in Charcov, 16 m. S. W. Char
kov. Lon. 35° 44' E. Lat. 49" 36' N.
Volkovar, or Barkavor, or Volka, t. Sclavonia,
near the rigfat bank of tfae Drave, 15 m. S. E. Es-
zeck, 60 N, W, Belgrade,
Vallabregues, t France, in raoutfas of the Rhone,
3 ra. N. Tarascon, 9 S. W. Av^non.
Valladolid, t. Spain, in Leon, on a smaU river
called Esquava, near the Pisuerga; the see of a
bishop, and seat of an university. 84 m. N. N.
W.Madrid, Lon, 4° 47' VV, Lat 41° 42' N, Pop.
24,000. VaUadolid, or Comayagua, t Gualimala, in
Honduras ; tfae aee of a bishop, Lon, 88" 19' W,
Lat 14" SO'N,
Valladolid, or Mechoacan, intendency. New
Spain, bounded N, by Guanaxuato, E, and S, by
Mexico, S, W, by the Pacific, N, W, bv Guada
laxara. Extent, 26,396 sq. milea^ Pop.' 376,400.
Vallen^ay, t. France, in Indre, 22 m, E. Loches,
Lon, 1° SffE, Lat 47" Iff N.
Valkrauque, t France, in Gard, 6 m. N, le Vi
gan, 19 W. Alais, Pop. 3,913.
VaUers, t France, in Indre and Loire, 12 m. W.
S. W. Toura.
Valley forge, place. Pa. on tfae ScfauylkiU, 15 m.
N. W. Philadelpfaia.
VaUonise, t Franoe, in Higher Alpa, 9 m, S, W.
Brian9on, Pop, 3,237.
Valk, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 9 m, N, Tarrago
na. Pop, 8,29a
Valluce, small isl. in the English Channel, near
the coast of France, Lon, 2° 55' W, Lat 47" 2ff N.
Vakgnes, t France, in Cfaannel, 7i posta N.
Coutances, 374 W, N, W, Paria, Lon, 1" 23' E.
Lat 49" 31' N, Pop, 6,798,
Fa/ona, a-p, Eu. Turkey, in Albania, on a Gulf
of tfae Adriatic. Lon. 19" 2ff E. Lat 40° 36' N.
Vttlonia, p-t Waahington co. Indiana.
Valparayso, s-p. Cfaili, and port of St. Jago, is
on a bay of tfae Pacific Ocean. The harbor ia ca-
I>acious and deep, srad ships of the largeat aize can
lie cloae to the ahore. "The port ia tfae most fre
quented in Chili, although open to tfae N. E. and
N. W. winds, which blow with great violence in

VAN

VAR

155

winter, accompanied 'with a heavy sea. The
oountry near the aea is very barren, and all the
supplies are drawn from QuUlota. "The popula
tion does not exceed 6,500 aoula. Until the late
revolution, the only coramerce of thia port was
with LimEu From tfae opening of tfae ports by
the patriots in February 1817, to July 1818, the
imports into Chili in Britisfa vessels amounted to
$ 1 ,8(X),000, suid in vessels belonging to citizens of
the U. States to about $1,300,000. The articles
were principally Britisfa manufactured goods. 225
m. N. Conception, 75 N. W. St Jago. Lon. 72°
Iff W. Lat. 33° S' S.
Valperga, t. Ssu'dinisra States, 16 ra. N. Turin.
Pop. 3,300.
Vols, t. France, in Ardecfae, celebrated for sev
eral medicinal apringa in tfae neighborhood, 12 m.
S. W. Privas, 18 N. W. Viviers.
Valteline, a lordship, Italy, at the foot of the
Alps ; bounded N. by the Grisons, E. by the coun
ty of Bormio and the Breasan, S. by the Berga
masco and the Mitanese, srad W. by the county of
Chiavenna and the Milanese. It is a valley in
closed between two chaina of lofty mountains,
about 50 miles long, and from 8 to 20 broad. It is
46xceeding^y fruitful, and througfaout ita wfaole ex
tent watered by the Adda. This country now
forms part of the Ausfrian dominions.
Volvo, t Naplea, in Abruzzo Citrs^ the aee ot a
biahop, 18 m. S. S. W. Civita di Chieti, 36 ra. N.
W. Molise.
Valverde de Fresno, t. Spain, in Leon, 27 m. S.
S, W. Civdad Rodrigo.
Valuiki, t. Rusaia, in Voronez, 108 m, S, S, W,
Voronez, Lon, 37° 44' E, Lat 60° 2' N.
Vam-kaose, smaU isl. in tfae Chineae Archipclai-
go, 62 ra, S, W, Macao,
Van, t Curdiatan, 280 m, N, Bagdad, 120 S.
Erivan. Lon, 43° 5ff E, Lat 38° ff N,
Van, r, Wales, wfaicfa runa into the Briatol
Channel, 5 m, below Cowbridge, in Glamorgan
shire. Vance, t Greene co, Ofaio,
Vanceburg, p-v. Lewis co. Ken,
Vancouver' s fort, Kentucky, at tfae forks of Big
Sandy river, 20 ra, N, Harraar's station,
Vandalia, t Bond co, Illinoia, and cap. of tfae
Stale, is on Kaskaskias river. It hsis grown up
frora a wildemeaa within a few years, and contains
sifready several public houses ; the erection bf
public offices for the Supreme and Federal courta,
and of a State-priaon, is in proapect, and it is anti
cipated tfaat the college of Illinois, wfaen endowed,
will be placed in tfais vicinity,
Voriderburg, co. Indiana,
Von Diemen's land, isl. in the Southern Ocean,
separated from tfae soutfa coaat of New Holland
by Baaa's atraita. It ia about 170 milea long and
160 broad, and Uea belween 40° 41' and 43°3ff S,
lat There ia rauch fertUe land in the island, and
the Britisfa planted a colony faere in 1803, wfaich
is now very fiourishing. The principal town is Ho
bart Town, on the Derwent, a fine navigable river
wfaich faUs into tfaeoceau on the S, E, side of tfae ial
and. The other aettiementa are confined lo the
banks of the Derwent, and ofthe Tamar, wfaicfa falla
into Baas's atraits on tfae N, side ofthe ialand. The
climate ia healthy, srad nearly all tfae fruita of Eu
rope have been successfully introduced. The
colony is peopled by free settlers and convicts
from England aa weU as frora New Soufh Wales,
According to tfae returns of 1818, the wfaole popu
lation was 3,557, of whom about one half were

convicta. At fhe same period, the number of
acrea under cultivation waa 5,681 i the nuaiber of
horaea 264; of horned cattie 15,356; uf sheep,
127,883. The trade of the island ia principaUy
with India, and the Iale of France, The esporte
are wheat, seal akins, oil, aheep, potatoea, And
lumber. Coal, and a valuable apeciea of timber
faave been diacovered on tfae ialand. The natives
are few in number, but hostile to the coloniats.
They are aaid to be sis ugly aa the New Hpllaud-
era and aa degraded.
Vandyke's Islands, two islands. Great and Lit
tie, in the Weat Indies, N. W. of Tortola,
Vangeville, t Kentucky at the raoutfa of Salt
lick creek, on the Ohio, 36 m, above MaySville,
Here are salt works,
Vaniamboddy, t. Hind, in Myaore, 112 m, E,
Seringapatam, 105 S, W, Madras, Lon, 78° 45'
E, Lat, 12° 41' N,
Vaniessa, or Devil's Key, amall ial, in the Span
iah Main, near the Muaquito ahore, Lon, 83° 35'
W, Lat 14° ffN,
Vannen, small isl. iu tfae North Sea, on tfae coast
of Norway, Lon, 19° 44' E, Lat, 70° Iff N.
Vannes, s-p, France, and cap. of Morbifaan, at
the union of two small rivers, which forni a har
bor. The principsd commerce is in corn, bar-
iron, and fisfa, IS posts N, W. Nantes^ 564 W. S,
W, Paris, Lbn, 2° 4ff W, Lat 47° 3ff N, Pop,
2,131, Vansville, p-v. Prince George co, Md,
Vanwert, co, Ohio, formed in 1830, in the Indi
ana reservation,
Var, department, France, bounded N, by Low
er Alps, E, by the Sardinian States, 6. and S, E,
by the Mediterrsraean, and W. by Mouths of the
Rhone, Toulon is the capital. Pi^, "283,296,
Var, T. wfaicfa risea in Lower Alpa, and runs
into tfae Mediterranean, 4 ra, W. Nice,
Var odes, t. France, in Lower Loire, 6 m, N, E.
Ancenis. Pop, 2,977,
Varalk, t Sardinian States, on tfae Sesia, 24 m.
N, N, W, Novara, 33 E, Aosta, Lon, 8° 14' E.
Lat45°4ffN. Pop, 3,246,
Varano, lake of Naples, in Capitanata, which
coraraunicates witfa tfae Adriatic, 13 m, N, N, W,
Monte St, Angelo,
Varasdin, t. Austrian dominions, on the S, side
oftlie Drave, with a castle and citadel, 186 m, N-
W. Belgrade, 110 S, Vienna, Lon, 16° 2ff E, Lat,
46° SO' N, Pop, 4,362,
Vorbresie, t. France, 9 ra, N. W, Lyohs,
Vorces, t France, 7 ra. S, Grenoble,
Varden, or Wardan, Or Ouafdan, t. Egypt, on
the west bfench Of tfae Nile, 18 m, N, N, W, Cairo ,
Vardar, i. Eu, Turkey, wfaicfa runs into the
Gulfof Saloniki, 16 m, W. S. W. Saloniki,
Vardegus, sraall isl, Russia, in the Frozen
Ocean, fOO ra, N, N, W, Kola, Lon, 30° 34' E.
Lat 70° 25'N.
Varel, t Germany, in Oldenburg, 22 m. N. Ol
denburg. Varelle, smaU isl, in the Chinese sea, near fhe
E, coast of Malacca, Lon, 104° E, Lat 3° iff N.
Vorena, t. Italy, on the Lake of Corao, 15 m, N,
N, E, Conio, 35 N, Milan.
Varenne, t. France, in Allier, 10 m, N, Cuaset,
16 S, Moulins, Pop, 2,111,
Varennes, t Prance, in Meuse, 7 m, N, Cler
mont en Argonne, I3 W, N, W, Verdun, Lon, 5"
7' E, Lat 49° 14' N,
Varennes, fief, Surry co. Lower Canada, on
the S. side of the St, La-wrence, 10 m, E, Montreal.

"756

V A V

Varesio, t, Austrian Italy, 24 m, N, N, W, Mi*
lan, 10 W, S, W, Como; Lon, 8° 4ff E, Laf, 46^
SO'.N. Pop, 7,000, ,
Vargel, or Pargula, t, Gerraany, 10 m, N, W,
Erfurt Varhely, t, Transylvania, 60 m, E, Temesvar,
Variety, p-v. Nelson co, Va,
Varinasl province, in the government of Ca
raccas, lying S, W, Venezuela,
Varin Key, small isl, in the Spaniah Main, Lon,
83° W, Lat, 11° W N,
Varna, s-p, Eu, Turi;ey, iu Bulgaria, on a gulf
ofthe Black Sea, to which it gives name, at the
mouth of the river Varna ; the aee of a Greek
archbishop. It is surrounded by a ditch and de-
feuded by an old castie! 144 m, N, Constantino
ple, 112 N, N, E, Adrianople, Lon, 27° Iff E, Lat
43° 14' N, Pop. -16,000; consisting of Turks,
Greeks, and Armenians.
Varpa, isl. neSr the N. E. coast of Sumatra, 30
miles in circumference, Lon, 103° 25' E, Lat, 0°
SffS, Varsovia. See Warsaie,
Vara, isl, in the Caribbean Sea, near the coast
of S, America^ 16 miles long and 3 broad, Lon,
75° 25' W, Lat W 12'N,
Varsy, t Frsmce, in Nievre, 24 ra, N, Nevera,
Pop, 2,500, '¦¦¦/
Vasarhely, t Hungary, on a small river, which
runs into the Theyff, 60 m, N, N, W, Temeswar,
80 S, E, Buda, Lon, 20° 33' E, Lat, 46° 27' N,
Vash, T, Grand Bukharia, which runa into tfae
Gihon near Termed.
Vashgerd, t. Grand Bukharia, 200 m. S, E, Sa
marcand, 110 N, E, Termed, Lon, 67° 5ff E, Lat,
38° 26' N,
Vashion's Island, isl, near tfae N, W. coast of
America, at the bottom of Admirsilty Inlet Lon,
237° 2ff E, Lat 47° 10' N,
VasU, t, Ruasia, on the Volga, 60 m, E, Niznei
Novgorod, Lon, 45° 44' E,. Lat. 56° Iff N.
Vasif, or Wasil, t,- Arabi^u Irak, on the Tigris,
96 m. S. E. Bagdad, 185 N. N. W. Bassora. Lon.
45° 38' E. Lat 32" Iff N.
Voslui, t Eu. Turkey, in Moldavia, on the Bir
lat, 32 m. S. Jassy. Lon. 27° 4ff E. Lat 46° 40' N.
Vassdlboraugh, p-t. Kennebec co. Maine, on Ken
nebec river, 8 m. N. Augusta, 12 from HaUowell,
It contains 2 churcfaes, 1 for Congregationalists
ajid 1 for Quakers,
Vassy, t, France, in Calvadoa, 8 ra, E, Vire, 23
S,S,E,Caen, Pop, 3,152,
Vassy, t France, in Upper Mame, 9 m, S, St,
Dizier, 26 N, N, W, Cfaaumont en Bassigny,
Lon, 6° 2' E, Lat 48° Sff N, Pop, 2, 170,
Vastan, t Curdiatan, on Lake Van, In 1386,
it was taken by Timur Bee, 20 m, S, W. Van,
68 E, S, E, BeUia,
Vasugan, r. Rusaia, -which runa into the Oby, in
lon, 80" 14' E, lat 69° ^.
Vatan, t France, in Indre, II m, N. W. Issou
dun, Lon, 1° 64' E, Lat 47° ff N, Pop, 2,066,
Vathi, t on the N, coast ofthe island of Samos,
in a bay called the Gulf of VaUii, Lon, 26° 54' E,
Lat 37° 49' N,
Vathia, or Berbathi, (an. Th/Hnx,) t Eu, Tur
key, in fhe Morea, 16 m. N, E, Napoli di Romania,
Vdtiea, a-p, Eu, Turkey, in the Morea, 44 ra,
S, E, Miaitra,
Vavoo, or Vavou, one of the Friendly Islanda,
in the Pacific Ocean, Lat, of the W, point, 18°
34' S,

U D I
• "''VoMcluse, department of France, bounded N, by
Drome and Ardeche, E, by Lower Alpa, S, by
Mouths of the Rfaone, and W, by Gard, Avig
non is the capital. Pop. 205,832,
Vaucoukurs, t, France, in Meuse, 8 -m, N. E,
Gondrecourt, 33 S, S, E, Verdun, Lon, 6° 44' E,
Lat 48° SffN, Pop, 2,406,
Vaud, or Pays de Vaud, canton, Switzerland,
bounded N, by Neufchatel, E. by Friburg, S, by
the Lake of Geneva and the river Rhone, and W,
by France,
Vaudreuil, t France, in Eure, 4 m, N. Louviers,
Vaudreuil, seigniory, York co. Lower Canada,
on tfae S, side of the Ottawa, 28 m, from Montreal.
Vaudreuil, seigniory, Buckingham and Dor
cheater coa. Lower Canada, on Chaudiere river,
60 ra, a E, Quebec, Pop, 1,500,
Vaughan, t York co. Up, Canada, N, of York,
Vaugirard, t- France, 2 m. S. W, Paris,
Vaugneray, t France, 8 m, W, S, W, Lyona,
Vauvert. t, France, in Gard, 9 m, S, Niames, 18
N, E, MontpeUer. Pop, 3,200,
VauviUe, a-p, France, in Channel, on a bay to
which it givea name, 9 m, W, Cherburg, Lon, 1°
37' W. Lat 49" 39' N.
Voyingen, t Wurlemberg, on the Entz, with a
caatle, 11 m. N. W. Stuttgart, 28 S. S. E. Heidel
berg. Lon. 8° 5ff E. Lat 48° Sff N. Pop. 2,700.
Ubeda, city of Spain, in Jaen, 3 m. E. Jaen, 47
N.Grenada. Lon. 3° 31' W, Lat 38° ff N. Pop,
7,200, Uberlingen, t Baden, on a rock, in a bay ofthe
Lake of Conatance. It containa a coUegiate church,
a hoapital, 3 convents, and 2 otfaer churches. 22
ra. N, W, Lindau, 7 N, Constance, Lon, S' 49'
E. Lat 47° 2ff N, Pop, 2,608.
Ubi, or Uby, ial. in tfae Gulfof Siam, near the
coast of Cambodia, 21 m. in circuraference. Lon.
106°5ff E.Lat8°2ffN.
Ubigau., t. Prussian States, in Ssixony, 6 m. N.
W. Leibenwerda, 28 S. E, Wittenberg, Lon, 12°
20' E. Lat 51° 34' N. Pop. 800.
Ucayale, or Ycoyak, r. S. America, formed by
the union of tfae Apuriraac and Ene, in lat. 10° 50'
S. It pursues a northerly course to tat 4° 15' S.
where it joins the Maranon, and takes the name
of the Araazons.
Uchendge, t Asia, in Georgia, to the E. of Teflis.
Ucker, r. Poraerania, whicfa empties itaelf into
the Frische Hafi", I m. N. Uckermunde.
Ucker Mark. See Brandenburg^
Ucker See, lake of Brandenburg, in tfae Ucker
Mark, to fhe S. of Prenzlow.
Uckermunde, t. Pruaaian States, in Pomerania,
on the Ucker, near ita entrance into the Frische
Haff, 29 m. N. N. VV. Old Stettin, 15 S. E. An-
clam. Lon. 13° 57' E. Lat 53° 48' N. Pop. 2,100,
Ucles, t Spain, in New Castile, 20 m, S, VV,
Huete, Uda, r. Ruaaia, whicfa runa into the Velika, 12
m. N, W, Onegka, in Pakov,
Uddevalla, s-p, Sweden, in Bsdius, with a fort
and harbor, 206 m, W, S, W. Stockholm, 40 E,
Gotheborg, Lon, 1 1° 45' E, Lat, 58° 21' N, Pop,
3,500, Udina, t, Auatrian Italy, and cap, ofa province
of the sarae name, R containa aeveral churchea,
conventa, srad hoapitals, a college for the study of
law, and a military academy. The province con
tains 269,000 inhabitants, 35 m, N. W, Trieste,
54 N, N, E, Venice, Lou, 13" 14' E, Lat, 46° Iff
N, Pop. 16,000,

VEL

VEN

757

, Udinsk, (Niznei,) t, Russia, iu Irkutak, on the
river Uda, 260 m. N, W, Irkutsk, Lon, 98° 5ff
E, Lat 64° 15' N,
Udinsk, (Verchnei,) t Rusaia, in Irkutak, on the
Selenga, 88 m, E. Irkutsk, Lon, 107" 2ff E, Lat,
S1°60'N, Udinska, t Russia, in Irkutsk, at the conflux of
the Uda and the Angara, 140 m, W, N, W, Irkutsk,
Lon, 103° 14' E, Lat 54° 12' N,
Udrigill Head, cape, Scotiand, on tfae W, coast
of Rosa-shire, Lon, 5° 21' W, Lat 57° 54- N,
Udskoi, t. Ruaaia, in Irkutak, on the Uda, 1,100
m, E, N, E, Irkutsk, Lon, 135° 5ff E, Lat 65°
Iff N,
Veal town, v. N. J. near Baskenridge, 7 m. S. W.
Morristown. Vecht, r. Netherlanda, wfaicfa runa into the Zuy
der Zee, at Gelmuyden ; smother, runa into the
Zuyder Zee, al Muyden.
Vechta, t Germsmy, in Oldenburg, 60 m. N, E,
Munster. Lon; 8° Iff E, Lat 62° 43' N. Pop,
1,470. Vedenskai, t Russia, in Archangel, 200 m. E, S,
E, Archangel, Lon, 46° 44' E, Lat 58° 46' N,
Veere, or Vere, or Tervere, seaport, Netfaerlands,
in Zealand, on the N, cosiat ofthe iale of Walche
ren, communicating vrith Middelburg, by meana
of a canal, ll is regularly fortified towarda tfae
tand, with strong bastions and a brosid ditch ; and
towards tfae sea is a sfrong wall. The hsirbor is
very good. The arsenal is one of the best in Zea
land, srad fumiahed witfa atores for a conaiderable
fleet Tfae infaabitsrats are chiefly occupied in the
herring-fishery, which is their harvest, 4 m, N,
Middelburg, Lon. 3° 35' E, Lat 51° 37' N,
Vegenoe, small isl, in the North sea, near the
coast of Norway, Lat, 65° 45' N,
Veglia, isl, in the gulfof Venice, near the coast
of Dalraatia, about 30 miles long, and 90 in cir
cumference, aituated in the innermost part of the
gulf of Quarnero, and separated from the conti
nent by a sraaU canal. It belongs to Austria, aud
is included in tfae new kingdora of Illyria, Lon,
-14° 42' E, Lat 45° Iff N, Pop, 6,000,
Veglia, seaport on the S, W, coast ofthe above
ialand, surrounded with wsiUs, and defended by a
castle. It ia the see of a bishop, Lon, 14° 38' E,
Lat 46° I I'N, Pop, 1,280,
Vegliana, t Sardinian states, II m, N, Turin.
Veisenberg, t. Ruasia, in Revel, ou the cosist of
the gulf of Finland, 56 m, E. Revel, Lon, 26°
14' E, Lat 69° 22' N.
Veita, smsdl isl, in the Mediterranean, nesir the
E, coast of Tunis, Lon, II" 12' E. Lat 35° 1' N,
Velaur, r. Hind, whicfa runs into the bay of
Bengal, near Porlonovo.
Velden, t. Germany, on the Pregnitz, 21 m, N,
E, Nuremberg.
Veldentz, t Germany, celebrated for an excel
leut MoseUe wine, 17 ra. E. N. E. Trevea, 38 S.
W. Coblentz. Lon. 6° 58' E. Lat 49" 6ff N.
Veletri, t Popedom, in the Campagna di Roma.
It ia the see of a bishop. 28 ra. N. N. W. Terra->
cina, 18 S. E. Rome. Lon. 12° 50' E. Lat 41°
42', N. Pop. 14,000.
Vekz Malaga, seaport, Spsiin, in Grenada, near
the coast of the Mediterranean, 13 m. E. Malaga,
40 S. S. W. Grenada. Lon. 4° Iff W. Lat. 36°
47' N. Pop. 8,589.
Veles el Rubio, t. Spain, in Grenada, near the
Gnadalentin, 14 m. S. Huesca. Pop. 7,000.
Velesar, r. Spain, is formed by the union ofthe

little rivera Burcia and SU. It unitea with the
Minfao, a Uttle above Orerae.
Velidio, t. Morocco, on tfae coast of the Atlan
tic, 140 m. N. W. Morocco.
Velika, r. Russia, which runa into the Viatka,
10 m. N. E. Oriov.
Velino, r. Popedom, whicfa runa into the Nera,
4 m. frora Terni.
Velkkat, rocka in tfae E. Indian sea, 15 ra. E.
frora the island of Mysol. Lon. 131° 2' E. Lat 2°
I'S. Vdldri. See Veletri,
Vellum, t Hind, in the Carnatic, 5 m. S. W.
Tanjore. Lon. 79° 7' E. Lat 10°4ff N.
Velare, t Hind, in the Carnatic, 14 m. W. Ar
cot, 70 N. W. Pondicherry. Lon, 79° 16' E, Lat
12° 64' N, It ia a atation of the Church Missiona
ry Society.
Vakso, t Portugal, in Beira, 14 ra. S. Sf. Joao
da Pesqueira.
Venafro, t. Naples, in Lavora,' the see of a biah
op, 14 m. N. Sezza, 40 N. Naplea. Lon. 13" 58' E.
Lat. 41° 30' N. Pop. 2,798.
Venaissin, Contot de, (County af Venaissin,)
country, France, formerly claimed by the Pope,
but ceded by him to France in 1797. It now forms
part of the department of Vaucluse.
Venango, co. Pa. bounded N. by Crawford co.
E. by Arrastrong co. S. by Butler co. and W. by
Mercer co. Pop. 3,060. Chief town, Franklin.
Venango, p-t. Armstrong co. Psu
Venango, t. Crawford co. Pa, Pop, 434,
Venasco, or Venasque, or Benasca, t. Spain, in
Arragon, 45 m, N, Balbastro, 42 N, E, Jaca.
Ve'nosque, t. France, in Vaucluae, formerly the
capital of the Venaissin, on the Nasque, 14 m, E.
N, E. Avignon, 12 N, W, Apt,
Vencatighery, t. Hind, in Mysore, 54 ra, W, Ar
cot Lon. 78° 38' E. Lat 12° 57' N,
Vence, t France, in Var, 6 ra. N, E, Graase, 9
N, Antibea, Pop. 2,615,
Vendee, r, France, whicfa runs into the Sevre
Niortoise, about a raile E, Maraus,
Vendee, departraent, France, bounded N, by
Lower Loire, and Mayne-and-Loire, E, by Two
Sevres, S, by Lower Charente, and S, W, and W-
by the sea. Fontenay le Comte ia the capital.
Pop, 268,786.
Venden, t. Russia, in Riga, onthe Aa, 36 m- N.
E, Riga. Lon, 25° 14' E. Lat 57° 12' N,
Vendome, t. France, in Loir and Cher, on the
Loir, 74 poats N, E. Tours, 22 S, S. W, Paris.
Lon, 1° 8' E. Lat 47° 48' N. Fop, 7,555,
Vendre le Port, aeaport, France, in Eastern Py
reneea, 12 tai S, S. E, Perpignan,
Venerie, La, t, Sardinian states, with manufac
turea of wool and silk, 3 m, N, N, W, Turin, Pop.
2,700, Veness, cape on the S, E, coast of the island of
Eday, Lon, 2° 38' W, Lat 59° 1' N,
Venetico, isl. in the , Mediterranean, near the
coast of tiie Morea, Lon, 25° 53' E. Lat26°41'N.
Verietico, isl, in the Grecian archipelago, near
the S, coast of the ialand of Scio,
Venezuela, province in CsuSaccsis, bounded N.
by the Caribbean sea and the province of Carac
cas, E, by Cumana, S, by Spanish Guiana and Va
rinas, and W, by Maracaybo, The population,
including the small province of Varinas, is esti
mated at 500,000, Tfae name, "Republic of
Venezuela," was for some time applied to all the
provinces included in the Captsiiu-generalship of
Caraccaa, See Caraccas.

758

VER

VER

Venezuela, or Coro, t, Caraccsis, smd capital of
the province of Venezuela, aituated in a bay or
gulf to whicfa il givea name, on tfae coaat of the
Caribbean aea, 300 m, E, CarUiagena, Lon, 70°
8'W, Lat 10° 40' N. -
Venice, city, Italy, for a long time the capital of
a republic, now belonging to Austria, This city
makes a very grand appearance at a distance, be
ing built on a multitude of islands, and aeeraing
to float on the aea, Tfae Laguna or raarahy lake
wfaich Ilea between the city and the continent, ie
6 milea broEul, and too ahallow for large ships, —
The great canal, which winda through the city,
and dividea it into two parta, is 1,300 paces long.
Over the several canala are laid 450, sorae say up
warda of 500, bridgea : fhe faigfaest and longest is
the Rialto, whicfa crosses the great canal af its
narroweat part, Venice conlEiina 70 parish
churchea, beaides otfaers, 54 convents of raonka,
26 nunneriea, 17 rich hoapitals, 18 oratories, and
63 squares. The buildings are of stone, but the
greater psu-t mean, St, Mark's square is very
fine, and is the pride of tfae city. In tbe cfaurches
and convents are the paiutinga for wfaich Venice
ia so higfaly renowned, Tfae trade of Venice in
cloth, eapecially acarlel, silk gooda, and looking-
glasses, ia still very conaiderable. Here alao gold
and silver stuffs are manufactured, 216 m, N,
Rome, Lon, 12° 18' E, Lat, 45" 28' N, Pop.
137,240, Venice, Government of, one of the two great di
visions of Auatrian Italy, containing 9,950 aquare
miles, smd 1,932,000 inhabitants. It ia subdivided
into the provincea of Venice, Padua, Verona, Vi
cenza, Treviso, Udina, Belluno, and Rovigo,
Venice, Gulf of. See Adriatic.
Venice, t. Huron co, Ohio, on Sandusky bay, 3
m, W, Sandusky, It is abandoned on account of
ita unhealtfaineaa.
Venlo, t. Netherlands, in Guelderland, on the
E, aide of tfae Meuae, 12 ra. N, N. E, Ruremond,
26 N, W, DUsseldorp, Lon, 6° 2' E, Lat 51° 27'
N, Pop, 2,082,
Venae, sraall Daniafa isl. in the gulf of Lymfiord.
Lon, 8° Sff E. Lat, 66° 34' N.
Venosa, t Naplea, in BasiUcata, tfae aee of a
bishop. It contains 1 churches, 9 ra, N, N, W,
Acerenza, 35 W, N, W. Matera, Lon, 1 5° 48' E,
Lat 40° 68' N, Pop, 4,000,
Vent, r. Eng. in Cumberland, which runs into
the South Tyne.
Venta de Cruz, seaport, Istfamus of Darien, on
the river Chagre, 20 m. N, Panama. Lat, 9°
26'N, Venthie, La, t. France, in Straits of Calais, 9
m. N, E. Bethune, 12 W, Lille. Pop, 3,004,
Ventotieno, isl, in the Mediterranean, near fhe
cosist of Naples, used as aplace of banishraent for
crirainals (rf a superior rank, 17 in. W, Ischia,
Lon, 13° 19' E, Lat, 40° Sff N.
Ventrevre, amall isl, in . the Atlantic, near the
coast of France, Lon, 2" 59' W, Lat, 47" 2ff N.
Ventry, v. Ireland, in Kerry, with a harbor, 5
m, S. W, Dingle.
Vepery, v. Hind, near Madras, where the Chria
tian Knowledge Society have a raiasionary,
Ver du Gard, t. France, iu Gard, 0 m, S, E,
Uzes, Vera, t Spain, in Grenada, 34 to, N. E, Alme
ria, Lon, 2° 4' W, Lat, 37° 8' N.
Vera, r. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the gulf
of Saloniki, near tfae mouffa of tfae Vardar,
Vera Cruz, seaport, Mexico, ¦with a secure har

bor, defended by a fort, upon a rock of a neigh.
bouring island, called St John d' Alva, in the gulf
of Mexico, It is one of the moat considerable
placea in Spanish Araerica for trade, being the
centre of the Araerican treasure, and the maga
zine of all the raerchandize sent frora New Spain,
or imported frora Europe, It receives a prodi
gious quantity of E'ast India gooda over land from
Acapulco, brought from tfae PhiUppine isles. Up
on the annual arrival of tfae veaaels here from Old
Spain, a fair ia opened, which lasts many weeki
Pop, 16,000. 180 m, E. S. E. Mexico, 115 E. S. E,
Pueblo de los Angelos, Lon. 97° 26' W, Lat 19°
5'N, Vera Crus, a port in the bay of St Philip and
St, Jsigo, in Terra Australis del Espiritu Santo,
capable of containing 1,000 ahipa.
Vera Cruz, OU, seaport, Mexico, where Cortes
landed in 16 18, 15 m, N. Vera Cruz, Lon, 97"
4ffW, Lat 19° 20' N.
Vera Pas, province, GuafimEda, bounded N, by
Chiapa, E, by the bay srad province of Honduraa,
S, by Guatimala,
r era Pas, or Coban, t. Guatimala, and capital
of the province of Vera Paz, on a river, which
runa into tbe bay of Honduraa, 600 m, S, E, Mex
ico, Lon, 91° 14' W, Lat 15° 50' N,
Veragilo, amall ial, in the gulf of Venice, Lon,
15° 32'E, Lat 44" 12'N,
Veragua, province. New Granada, bounded N,
by the gulf of Mexico, E. by Darien, S, by the
Pacific ocean, sind W, by Costa Riciu
Verbro Aa, r. Denraark, in North JuUand,
which runs into the aea, 6 m, W, S. W, Hioring,
Vercelli, t Ssu-dinian atates, on the Seaa, at the
junction of the Cerva. It ia tfae see of a biahop,
and contains 14 cfaurches, and 19 convents. SOm.
S. W. MUan, 38 N. E, Turin, J,on, 8*26' E, Lat
45° 22'N, Pop. 16,162,
Fercheres, seigniory, Surrey co. Lower Canada,
on tfae S, side irf' the St Lawrence, 18 m, N, E,
Montreal, Verchokisilskoi, fort, Russia, iu Upha, at fhe
union of the Kizil and Ural, 40 m, S. Verchou-
Tsdsk. Vercholensk, t. Ruasia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena,
228 m, S, S, W, Kirensk, 120 N, Irkutsk, Lon,
105° 34' E, Lat 54° N.
Verchotura, t Russia, in Ekaterinburg, near
tfae river Tura, It baa 4 churchea, and ia the aee
of a biahop. It ia fortified, and defended by a gar
riaon, 120 m. N, Ekaterinburg. Lon. 60° 14' E,
Lat 68° 45' N,
Verchouraisk, t. Rusaia, in Upha, ou the Ural,
120 ra. S. E, Upha, Lon, 59° 14' E, Lat 53°
36'N, Verde, or Green Island, isl, on the N, coaat of S,
America, al the moulfa of tfae river St. Martha,
Verde Island, or Verde Key, one of the smaU
Bahamas, Lon, 75° 26'W. Lat 22" 54' N,
Verde Cape, cape on the W, coast of Africa.
Lon, 17° 31' W, Lat. 14° 4ff N,
Verde Cape Islands, ialands off the W, coast of
Africa, 390 m. W, Cape Verde, between 15° and
18° N. lat. They belong to the Portuguese, Tfae
climate is unwholesome, and the soil for the most
part stony and barren, but in some places produ
ces rice, maize, bananas, lemons, grapes, and oth
er fruits. Leather and salt are manufactured,
St, Yago and St, Philip are the only islanda that
are fortified. Pop, eatimated at 100,000.
Verden, t. Hanover, and capitsd of a principal
ity of the same narae, on the Allier, which di-

VER
Tides itaelf here into two arras, 56 m, S, S, W,
Haraburg, 40 N, W, Hanover. Lon. 9° 15' E.
Lat 62° 6ff N. Pop. 6,100.
Verden, principality, Germany, in the kingdom
of Hanover, bounded N. and W. by the duchy of
Bremen, E. and S. by Luneburg. Extent, 520
square milea. Pop. 22,550. The inhabitanta are
Lutherana. Verdi, amall isl. near the W. coaat of Madagaa
car. Lon. 47° 5ff E. Lat 14° 35' S.
Verdigris, r. Arkanaaw Territory, which runa
into the N. aide of Arkanaaw river. It ia naviga
ble 200 railes.
Verdon, r. France, which runa into tfae Du
rance, at Pertuia.
Verdun, t. Franoe, in Meuse, before tfae revo
lution, tfae capital ofa province, called Verdunois,
srad the aee of a biahop. Exclusive of ita fortifi^
cations, it ia defended by a fine citadel. It con
tains 10 churchea. 33 m . N. W, Toul, 24 N, Bar
le Due, Lon. 5° 27' E, Lat, 49° ff N, Pop,
10,172, Verdun sur Garonne, I, France, in Upper Ga
ronne, 18 m. N--N. W. Toulouse. Pop. 3,442.
Verdun sur Saone, t. France, in Saone-and-
Loire, at the conflux of the Saone and Doubs, 9
m, N, E. Chalons sur Saone, 11 E. Chagny. Lon.
5° 7' E. Lat 46° 54' N.
Vere, r. Eng. iu Herts, wfaicfa runs into tfae
Cohi, 2 ra. S. E. St Albans,
' Vereria, I, Russia, in Moscow, 56 ra, W. S, W.
Moacow. Lon, 35° 50' E, Lat. 55° 18' N, Pop,
5,541, Verfeil, t France, in Upper Garonne, II m. E,
N, E, Toulouae, Pop, 2, 144,
^er^aro, t Spain, in Guipuacoa, 7 m, S, Tolosa,
ft^ 4,000,
Vergennes, city, Addison co, Verraont, on Otter
creek, at fhe Lower Falls, 6 miles from the mouth
ofthe river, IS below Middlebury, 29 S, Burling
ton, ll is regularly laid out, and has several mills
and manufactoriea, and conaiderable trade. Pop.
835. Vergoroz, t Dalraatia, 20 ra. E. Narenta, 21 S,
E, Macaraca.
Veria, or Berio, t. Spain, in Grenada, near tfae
coast of tfae Mediterranean, 16 m, E, Motril,
Veria, or Cara Veria, t. Eu, Turkey, in Mace
donia, 48 m. W, Saloniki, Lon, 21° 58' E, Laf.
40° 4ff N, Pop, 9,000,
Verina, I, S, Americsi, in Cumana, on a gulf of
the Atlantic, 45 ra, E, Curaana,
Vermand, t. France, in Aisne, 6 m. W. Sf.
Quentin, Vermonton, t. France, in Yonne, 12 m, N, W,
Avalon, 12 S, E, Auxerre, Pop, 2,316,
Verm^'o, or RioGrand, i. Buenos Ayrea, which
runa into the Parama, near its union with the
Paraguay, opposite Corrientes,
Vermillion, r. Louisiana, which flows into the
gulf of Mexico.
Vermillion, r. Ohio, which runs into lake Erie,
15 ni. E, Sanduaky bay,
Vermillion, p-t Huron co, Ohio,
Vermillion, t. Richtand co, Ohio,
Vermillion, r. Indiansi, which flows info fhe
Wabaah, 40 m. below Ouiaton.
Vermillion, r. Illinois, wfaich runs info tfae lUi
noia from tfae S, 160 m, above its mouth.
Vermillion, r, N. W. Territory, which runa into
the Misaissippi, 40 m. above Peckagama falla.
Vermillion, r. Arkansaw Territory, which runs
into Arkansaw river.

VER

759

Vermillion bridge, p-y. Atlakapas parish, Lou
iaiana. Vermillion point, peninaula, Michigan Terri
tory, which forras tfae E. boundary of Green bay.
Vermillion sea. See California.
. VermantfOne of the United Statea, bounded N.
by Lower Canada ;' E. by New Hampshire ; S, by
Maaaacliusefts ; and W, by New York, frora wfaich
il is aeparated in part by lake Charaplain, ll Uea
belween 42° 44' and 45° N, lat, and belween 71°
38' and 73° 26' W, lon. It ia 157 mUea long from
N, lo S, 90 broad on the northern boundary, 40 on
the aouthern, and containa 10,212 square milea. It
ia divided into 13 counties, and 347 towna. Pop,
in 1790, 85,589; in 1800, 154,465; in 1810,
217,895 ; and iu 1820, 235,579, MUitia in 1821,
20,871, The Green mountaina, from wfaich fhe State
derivea ita name, corae from Massachuaetta, and
run along the E, side of Bennington, Rutland,
and Addison counties. In Addison county they
divide ; the weatern and principal cfaain continu
ing a northerly courae, and terminating near the
northern boundary of the State ; whUe the height
of land, as itis called, strikea off to the N, E, di
viding the watera whicfa flow iuto the Connecti
cut from thoae which fall into lake Memphreuia-
gog and lake Charaplain, The weatern range
preaenta much the loftiest summita, but hsis ine
qualities whicfa afford a passage for Onion and La
moil rivers, Tfae soil is for tfae most part fertile,
being generally deep, and of a dark color, moist,
loamy, and well watered, Tfae interval landa are
eateemed tfae beat ; bordering on theae ia usually
a strip 1 or 2 miles wide, whicfa is comparatively
poor, but beyond tfaia the land recovera afertility
nearly equal to that on the rivers, Tfae principal
productions are wheat, barley, rye, Indian corn,
oats, &c. The principal exports are pot and pearl
ashea, beef, pork, butter, cheese, &c. The raar
ket for the nortfaern part of tfae Slate is Montreal ;
for the eastern, Hartford and Boston; for tfae
western. New York.
The principal religioua denorainations are
Congregationalists, and Baptists, wfao faave
eacfa raore than 100 congregations. There are
two colleges, one at Burlington, and the other at
Middlebury, The legislative power ia vealed in
a house of repreaentatices chosen annually, on
the 1st Tuesday in Septeraber, The executive
power is vested in a governor, lieutenant-gov
ernor, and 12 counsellors, chosen at the sarae
time. Vernal, small isl, in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Mejtico. Lon, 95" 50' W, Lat. 16" 35' N-
Vemeuil, i. France, in Eure, 18 m, W. Dreux,
21 S, Avreux, Lon, 0° 1' E, Lat, 48° 4ff N, Pop-
6,280, Vernon, t, France, in Eure, on the S. side of the
Seine, 15 ra, E, N, E, Evreux, 15 E. S, E, Lou
viers, Pop, 4,074,
Vernon, t. Windhara co, Vt, on Connecticut
river, 49 ra, S, Windaor, Pop, 521,
Vernon, p-t, Tolland co, Ct. 12 m, N, E. Hart
ford, Pop, 827,
Vernon, p-t, Oneida co, N. Y. 17 m, W. Utica,
Pop, 1,619, Here ia a glasa factory,
Vernon, p-t. Suaaex co, N, J, 21 ra, N. E, New
ton, Pop, 1,708,
Vemon, t. and cap, Montgoraery co, Geo,
Vernon, t. and cap, Hickaman co. Weat Ten
nesaee.

760

VER

U G I

Vernon, p-t TrurabuU co, Ohio, 20 m, N, E,
Warren, Vemon, I, Clinton co, Ohio, 7 ra, S, W, Wil
mington, Vernon, t and cap, Jennings co, Indiana, on
White river, 40 m, N, Charleatown, 46 S. W,
BrookviUe, Verno'ux, t. France, in Ardeche, 14 m, S. Tour
non, UN, Privaa, Pop, 2,229,
Veroli, t. Popedora, in Campagna di Roma, the
see of a biahop, 44 ra, E, Rome, Lon, 13" 2ff E,
Lat 41" 42'N.
Verona, city, Italy, the aee of a biahop, on tfae
Adige, fortified in tfae ancient manner, and defend
ed by three castles. Most of the streets are nar
row, crooked, and dirty, and the houses but mean.
In the Palazzo della Regione, or tfae GuUdhaU,
are the atatuea of five iUustrious natives of Vero
na, namely, Catullus, Marcus -ffimilius, Cornelius
Nepos, the elder PUny, and Vitruvius ; but tfae
most valuable piece of autiquity faere, is the cele
brated Roman arapfaitfaeatre, wfaicfa far exceeds
all others, and count Maffei computed that it faeld
22,184 apectatora. Pop. 55,887. 60 ra. W. Ve
nice, 18 N. N. E. Mantua. Lon. 8" ff E. Lat 45°
37' N.
Verona, province or delegation, Auatrian ftaly,
in tfae govemraent of Venice, containing 1,330
square railea, and 285,000 inhabitants. Verona is
the cfaief town,
Verona, p-t, Oneida co, N, Y, on Oneida lake
and the Erie canal, 10 ra, W. Rome, 20 N, W,
Utica, Pop, 1,014, in 1820, 2,441,
Veravitza, t. Sclavonia. Thia ia a strong town,
situated near the Drave, 36 ra. S, S, E, Csraischa,
5,2 N. W, Eazek,
Verres, t, Sardinian Statea, with a fortreaa, built
on a afaarp rock, 15 m. S. S. E. Aosta, 35 N. Tu
rin. Verrua, t. Sardinian States, on a faigh hill, near
the Po, opposite Crescentin : tfae fortifications
were once very strong, and tfae castle waa csdled
impregnable. 18 m. N. N. E, Turin. Lon, 8°
E, Lat 45° 14' N,
Versailles, city, France, and cap, of Seine-and-
Oiae, In the beginning ofthe Isist century, it was
a amall village, wfaen Louia XIII, built faere a faun
ting aeat, wfaicfa Louis XIV, enlarged into a pal
ace, in a foreat 30 milea in circuraference, which
became a' place of frequent reaidence ofthe royal
family, Tfae palace is magnificent, witfa beauti
ful gardens, adorned witfa statues, oansds, foun
tains, &c, 3 posts S. W, Paria, Lon, 2° 11' E.
Lat 48° Sff N, Pop, 27,574,
Versailles, p-l, and cap, Woodford co. Ken; on
a creek running into Kentucky river, 13 m, from
Frankfort, 13 S, W, by S, Lexington, It containa
about 100 faouses, moatly large, of brick and_8tone,
a court-house jail, acaderay, and some mills and
manufactories, Versitt, or Versecs, t, Hungary, the see of a
Greek biahop, 20 ra. N, N, W, Vipalanka, Pop,
10,000, Veshire, t. Orange co, Vt, 35 ra, N, Windsor.
Pop, 1,311,
Versoix, t. Swisserland, at the mouth of a river
ofthe aame narae, on the Lake of Geneva, 6 m, S.
E. Gex, 5 N, Geneva.
Verte Bay, or Green Bay, bay of the Atlantic,
between Nova Scotia and New Brunawick. Lon.
63° 64' W. Lat. 46° N.
Verte Bay, bay on the N. E. coaat of Newfound
land. Lon. 56° W. Lat 50° W N.

Vertan, t France, in Lower Loire, 4 m, N, E,
Nantea, Pop, 4,033.
Vertus, t France, in Marne, 15 ra. S. W. Cha
lona aur Mamej 22 S. Reims. Pop. 2,600.
Veruda, small isl. in the Adriatic, near the coast
of latria, 4 ra. S. Pola.
Vcrviers, t. Nethertands, in Liege, on the Weze,
The inhabitants carry on a conaiderable traffic in
cloth, 17 m, E. S, E, Liege. Lon. 5° 6ff E. Lat
60° Sff N. Pop. 10,072,
Vervins, t. France, in Aiane, 4 posts N, N, E,
Laon, 204 N. Paris, Lon, 3° 6ff E, Lat 49" 5ff
N, Pop, 3,000.
Versuolo, t. Piedmont, with a castle, 2 m. S. Sa
luzzo. Pop, 6,000.
Vesoul, city, France, and cap, of Upper Saone,
on a mountsun, 54 posts N. Besancon, 43 S. E. Pa
ria. Lon. 6° 14' E. Lat 47° 38' N. Pop. 5,417.
Vesper, small ial. in the Pacific ocean, 36 miles
in cfrcumference, 60 m. W. Pemicioua ialand,
Vesprin, t Hungary, the see of a bishop, 32 m,
S, S. E. Raab. Lon. 17° 4ff E. Lat 47° 4' N. ,
Vessel boy, bay of Lsdce Charaplain, in Char
lotte, Vt.
Vesuvius, a volcanic mountain of Naples, re
raarkable for its eruptions, recorded both in an
cient and modem hiatory. - One which happened
in the 79tfa year ofthe Christian sera, overwhelm
ed the cities of Herculaneura and Pompeii. In
1794, Uie lava totsiUy destroyed 5,000 acres of rich
vineysu-da smd cultivated land. 7 ra. N, E, Naplea.
Vetbtga, t Ruaaia, in Kostrora, on a river ofthe
aame name, 140 ra. E. Kostrora. Lon. 46° 44' £.
Lat 58° N.
Vevay, t Swisserland, near tfae Lake of Gene
va, and cap. ofthe canton of Vaud, 10 m. E. Lau
sanne. Lon. 6° 48' E. Lat. 46° Sff N. Pop.
4,000. Vevay, p-t and cap. Switzeriand co. Indiana, ia
pleasanUy situated on the second bsmk of Ohio
river, 25 feet "above high water mark, srad is near
ly equidiatant frora Cincinnati, Lexington, and
Louia, 45 railea from each. The infaabitanta are
emigrants from tfae Pays de Vaud, in Switzerland.
In 1814, the aite of tfae town was a foreat, but in
1817, it contained 84 dweUing faouses, a court-
houae, jail, raarket-house, church, printing office,
a library of 300 voluraes, and a literary society.
Tfae country in the rear ia broken and fertile, and
half a raile below the village are the Swiaa vine
yards, where the culture of the vine has been suc
cessfully introduced.
Vexin, before the revolution, a country of
France, situated sdong tfae river Epte, now inclu
ded in the departments of the Oiae and the Eure.
Vexoe, amall isl. Denraark, near the N, coast of
the island of Laland, Lon, 11" 41' E, Lat 64°
5ff N,
Veselay, t, France, in Yonne, 7 m, W. AvaUon,
9 E, Clamecy.
Veselize, t. France, in Meurte, 12 m, S. Nancy,
13 S. E, Toul, Lon, 6° 11' E, Lat 48° Sff N,
Uffenheim, t Bavaria, 18 m, S, S. E, Wurzburg,
22 N, N, E, Anspach, Lon, 10° Iff E, Lat 49° 37'
N, Pop, 1,708,
Ufverso, smaU isl, in the Baltic, E, of Aland,
Lon. 20" 2ff E, Lat, 60° 7' N.
U^mto, t. Naples, in Ofranto, 16 m. S. W, 0-
tranto, 12 S, E, GaUipoli, Lon, 77° 8' E. Lat 40°
12'N. Ugie, T, Scotland, which runs into the German
sea, 1 m, N, Peterhead, Lon. 1° 47' W, Lat, SfT
27' N,

V I c

V I E

761

UgUano, smaU rocky ial, in the Adriatic, near
the coast of Dalmatia, 3 m, W, Zara, Lon, 15°
16' E, Lat, 40" 18' N,
UgUeh, t. Russia, in Jaroslavl, on the Volga, 60
m, W, Jaroslavl, Lon, 38° 22' E, Lat, 57° 30' N,
Pop,*5,362. Via Reggio, s-p. Lucca, 20 ra. W, Lucca,
- Viadana, t Italy, on the Po, 23 ra, S, S, W,
Mantua, 10 S, W, Gu'dstalla.
Viana, t, Spain, in Navarre, on the Ebro, 16
m, S, W, Eatella, 21 N, W, Calahorra. Pop. 3,300"
Viano de Foz de Lima, a-p, Portugsd, in Entre
Duero e Minho, on the N, aide of the Lirasi, near
ila mouth. 9 m, W. S, W, Ponte de Lima, 11 N,
Oporto. Lon,8°2ffW, Lat41°4I'N, Pop. 7,000.
Vianden, or Wyonden, t Netherlanda, in Lux
emburg, on tfae river Uren, wfaicfa dividea it into
New smd Old Town. In^the Old town ia a caatle,
Tfae infaabitanta carry on a considerable frade,
18 m, N, N, E, Luxemburg, 16 N. W, Treves,
Vianen, or Vyanen, t, Holland, on the S, side
of the Leek, 7 m, S, Utrecht, 30 E, N, E, Rotter
dam, Viatka, r. Russia, which runs into the Kama, 40
m, E. Kazan,
Viatka, t. Russia, and capital of Viatskoe, 624
m, E, Petersburg, 440 E, N. E, Mostow, Lon,
50° 22' E. Lat 58° 25'N,
Viatskoe, government of Russia, bounded N. by
Vologda, E, by Perraskoe, S, by Upfainskoe and
Kazanskoe, and W. by Koatroraakoe, Lon. 46" to
'54' E, Lat 66° 40' lo 60" 26' N,
Viazma, t, Russia, in Smolensk, 76 ra. E, N. E;
Smolensk, Lon, 24° 26' E. Lat 65" 20' N,
Viazniki, t Russia, in Vladimir, on the Kliaz-
ma, 52 ra, E, Vladimir. Lon, 41" 60' E, Lat, 66?
IffN, Viborg, or Wiborg, city, Denmsuck, cap, of a di
ocese, and sdl North Jutland, near the centre of
the proviace, on a lake. It is the aee ofa bishop,
186 m, N, Hamburg, 120 N, Sleawick, Lon, 9°
Iff E. Lat 36" 32' N, Pop, 4,000,
Viborg, s-p. Russia, aud cap, of a governiUent,
to wfaich it gives name, ou the gulf of Finland ;
the see of a bishop. "The fortifications are very
strong. The principal exports are planks, tallow,
pitch, and tar. 360 m. S. W. Archangel, 68 N.
N. W, 'Petersburg. Lon. 28° 60' E. Lat 60° 5ff
N. Pop. 3,000.
Viboskoi, govemment, Ruaaia, bounded N. aud
W. by Finland, S. by the gulf of Finland, and the
government of Petersburg, and E. by Lake Lado
ga and the government of Olonetz.
¦ Vic, t France, in Meurte, 15 ra. E. Nancv, 12
N. Luneville. Pop. 2,445.
Vic Bigorre, t. France, in Upper Pyreneea, 18
m. E. Pau, 10 N, Tarbe. Lon, 0° ff E, Lat, 43"
22' N. Pop, 3,026,
Vic en Carladez, or Vic sur la Cire, t, France,
in Cantal, .21 m, W, S, W,St Flour, 9N. E. Au-
rUlac. Pop. 2,050.
Vic Le Comte, t. Frsince, in Puy de Dome, 6 m.
S. W. Billom, 10 S. S. E, Clermont,
Vic Fesensac, t France, in Gera, 12 ra, S, Con
dom, 13 N, W. Auch,
Viearello, t. Popedom, near the Lake of Brac
ciano, celebrated for ila baths, 3 m, N, W, Brac
ciano, 17 S: Viterbo, .
Vicegrad, or Vissegrad, t, Hungary, near the
Danube, with a castle, formerly the residence of
the kinga of Hungary, 9 ra, S- S, E, Gran,
Vicensa, province or delegation, Austrian Italy,
?''n the governmeKl of Venice, containing 950 sq.
96

miles, and 311,000 inhabitants, Vicenza iathe
chief town, '
•¦ Vicensa, city, Italy, at tfae union of two small
rivers, in a plain, between two hills. Among the
building's are seen several regular stately palaces,
and other elegant edifices, and 57 churches, 35
ra, W, Venice, 40 N, E, M aiitua. Lon, 1 1° 22' E.
Lat 45° 31' N, Pop. 4,00a
Vich, r. Rusaia, which runa into the Oby, in
lon. 76° 14' E. lat, 61° 2ff N,
Vichy, t, France, in Allier, on the Allier, Near
it are some medicinal apringa, 3 ra. S, W. Cuaaet.
Viciala, r. Naplea, which runs into the Tronti-
no, at Terarao.
Vidosas, small islanda near the coast of Hondu
ras. Lon. 83" 4' W. Lat 15° 12' N.
Vko, t. Naples, in Principato Citra, the see of a
bisfaop, near tfae sea, 3 ra. E. N. E. Sorento, 16
W. Salerno.
Vico, V. Dalmatia, near the river Norin, in a
marshy spot, where the ancient Narona once
stood. 5 ra. N. W. Citiuc.
Vko, V. Piedmont, 2 ra. S. E. Mondovi.
Vicq. See Vie, and Vig,
Victor, p-t Ontario co, N. Y.
Victoire, or Woody Island, sraall isl, in the Chi
nese sea. Lon. 106° 18' E, Lat. 1° 33' N,
/^ic/orie, small ial, in tlie Atlantic, near the coast
ofBrasU, Lat 23° 40' S,
Victory, t. Easex co. Vt. 42m, N.E, MontpeUer,
Vid, r. Bulgaria, which runs into the Danube,
10 m, W, Nicopoli.
Viddin, I. Eu, Turkey, in B.ulgaria, on tfae
Danube, tfae see ofa Greek arcfabishop, 356 m, N.
W. Conatantinople, 104 E. S. E. Belgrade. Lon.
22" 26' E, Lat. 44° 2ff N. Pop. 20,000.
Videpoche. See Carondolet.
, Vidigueira, t. Portugal-, in Alentejo, 12 ra, N.
E. Beja, 21 S. Evora. Pop. 2,000.
Fie/(/e;)owcfter,t Missouri, on the Mississippi,
6 pi. below St Louis,
VieUeborough, p-v, Caroline co, Va,
Vidsk, t Russia, in Vologda, on the Vaga, 156
m. N. N. E. Vologda, Lon,41° 44' E, Lat 61° 40' N.
Vienna, city and capital of Austria, the aee of
an archbiahop, on the right aide of the Danube,
where it receives aamall river, called Vien,'v/hich
passes througfa tfae city and suburba, near tfae site
of the ancient Vindebona. The situation ia pleaa-
sint, for to the east and north the country around
IS entirely level, bul to the west andsoutfa are seen
a range of raountains, wfaich are Ihick planted with
trees and vines ; and tfae Danube, which is here
very wide, divides itaelf into several arras, forming
many islani|p, wfaich are slocked with Wood, The
circuraference of that wfaicfa is properly tfae forti
fied city of Vienna, is not large, bul the suburbs
are extenaive. In the city thbre are nuraferous
and beautiful palaces : but the streets are narrow
and crooked, Vienna contains 50 churchea or
chapela, and 21 convents, Tfae university of Vi
enna was inatituted in tfae year 1365, srad is divi
ded into four facultiea and 4 nations, Austrian,
Saxon, Hungarian, and Rfaeniah, The library
contains 90,000 volumes. The imperial library
containa al leaat 300,000 Volumes, and a very ex
tensive and valuable collection of printa, and is
weU furnished witfa useful modern books. It is
open three or four hours every morning to the
public. The imperial cabinet is rich in medals,
and atill more so in natural history. There are
numerous charitable institutions, and ip one of the
hospitals there are annually receivedl6,000 pa-

762

V I G

tients. The medical academy has a fine appark-
tus, and is a celebrated inatitution. The manu
facturea of Vienna are numerous, and tfae trade
extenaive. The mortality of tfaia city ia tfaougfat
to be greater tfaan tfaat of any other place in Eu
rope ; and it is commonly aaid that 1 in 20 dies
annually, 175 m, S, Prague, Lon, 16° 23' E,
Lat 48° IffN, Pop, 240,000,
Vienna, p-t, Kennebeck co, Maine, 26 m, N, W,
Augusta, Pop, 417,
Vienna, p-t and port of entry, Dorcheater co,
Md, on tfae W, aide of tfae Nanticoke, 15 railes from
its mouth. It contains about 20 houaes, and car
ries on a trade in lumber, corn, and wfaeat.
Amount of shipping in 1816, 16,360 tona,
Vienna, formerly Bengal, t Oneida co, N, Y, on
Oneida lake,
Vienna, v. in Pfaelpa, Ontario co, N, Y.
Vienna, p-v. Abbeville district, S, C,
Vienna, t. Green co. Ken, on Green river, 158
m- W. S. W, Lexington,
Viennajp-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 8 m, E, Warren.
Vienne, I, France, in Isere, on tfae left side of
tfae Rhone, 10 posts N, Valence, 71, S. S, E,' Paris.
Lon. 4° 5ff E. Lat 46° 32' N. Pop, 10,362,
Vienne, r. France, which rises about 3 milea E,
Tamac, on the bordera ofthe departments of Cor
reze and Creuse, and joins the Loire in Indre-and-
Loire, about 6 m, above Sauraur.
Fienne, department, France, bounded N, aud
N, E, by Indre-srad-Loire, E. by Indre, S, by Cfaa
rente and Upper Vienne, and W, by "Two Sevres,
Pop. 253,048. Poitiers ia the capital.
Vienne, (Upper,) department, France, bounded
N. by Vienne and Indre, E. by Creuse, S. W. by
Dordogne, and W. by Charente. Pop. 243,195.
Limogea ia the capital.
Vieringen, or Wieringen, island in the Zuyder
See, 6 miles long. 6 m. S. E. from the Texel.
I Vierraden, t. Prussian States, on the Welse, near
ils union witfa tfae Oder, 24 m. S. E. Prenzlow, 30
N.W. Custrin.
Vierson, t FrEmce, in Cfaer, near tfae conflux of
the Eure smd Cher, 11 posts S. Orleans, 254 S.
Paria, Lon, 2° 9' E, Lat 47° Iff N, Pop, 5,755,
Viesti, t Naples, in Capitanata, on the coast of
the Adriatic, the see of a bishop, 29 m, N, N, E.
Manfredonia, 120 N. E, Naplea, Lou, 33° 52' E,
Lat41°5ffN, Pop, 4,719,
Vieux Marchi, t. Franoe, in North Coaat, 8 ra,
S, Lsranion, 12 W. N, VV, Guingamp, Pop,
3,515, Vif, f. Frsrace, in Isere, 9 m, S. Grenoble. Pop,
2,260. Vig, r. Ruaaia, which pasaea through Lake Vig,
and runs into the Wfaite aea, 20 m. S. Kerai,
Vigan, (Le,) t. France, in Gard, 36 m, W, N,
W, Niames, 23 S. W, Alaia, Lon, 3° 40f E, Lat,
43°69'N. Pop, 3,848.
Viger, ial. in the Nortfa aea, on tfae coast of Nor
way, 10 miles round. Lon. 6° 30' E. Lat, 62"
35' N.
Vigevano, t, Sardinian Statea, on tfae Teain, the
see of a bishop, 13 m, S, E. Novara, 11 N, E,
Lumello. Lon, 8" 5ff E, Lat, 45° Iff N. Pop,
11,758, Vignot, t, France, in Meuae, on the Meuse, 17
m, E, Bar le Due, 24 S, S, E, Verdun, Lon, 6°
41' E, Lat 48° 4ff N,
Vigo, s-p. Spain, in Galicia, on a bay ofthe At
lantic, defended by a fort. 12 m. N. N, W. Tuy,
38 W, S. W. Orenae, Lon, 0° 43' W, Lat '42° 14'
N, Pop, 5,000,

V I L
Vigo, CO, Indiana, in the N, W, comer of the
State, on both aidea ofthe Wabash,
Vigone, I, Sardinian Statea, 14 ra. S, S, W, Tu
rin, 6 W, Carmagnola, Pop, 5,300,
Vigten, ial, in the North sea, near tfae coaat of
Norway, Lon, 11° Iff E, Lat, 64° 6ff N, ¦*
Vihiers, t. France, in Mayne and Loire, 20 m.
S, Angers, 20 W, Saumur, Lon, 0° 27' W. Lat
47° 9' N,
Vilaine, v. Franoe, which rises near Mayenne,
and runs into the Atlantic, 9 miles below Ber-
nsird, Vililla, t Spain, in Arragon, on the left aide of
the Ebro, 27 m, S, E, Saragosaa.
Villa, amaU isl. in tfae Atiantie, near the coast
of BraziL Lat 20° ff S.
Villa Boa, t. Brasil, and capital of the govem
ment of Goyaa, 450 ra. N, W. Rio Janeiro, Lon,
61° 24' W, Lat 17" S,
Vilki do Coma, t. Brsuil, in Minas Geraes, 20
m, E, N, E, Villa Rica. Lon, 44° SO' W, Lat 20"
20' S,
Villo de Cande, s-p. Portugal, in Entre Duera e
Minfao, on tfae N. side ofthe river Aue, 14 m, N.
Oporto, Lon, 8° 21' E, Lat 41° 23' N, Pop,3,OO0.
Villa Franca,t. Italy, 13 m. N. Mantua, 9 S. W.
Verona. Villo Franca, t. Spain, in Cordova, 13 m. N. £.
Cordova. Filla Frarua,3-p, srad capital of St Michael, one
ofthe Azores Ialsmda. Itia the raoat ancient town
iu the whole ialand ; and ao caUed from its being
at first a free port Before ils faarbour Ues an ial
and, about a raile in circumference, and towards
the aea the town ia defended by a fort sind some
other worka. It consists of 1,813 hearths, has two
parisfa cfaurcfaes and two convents.
Villa Franca, s-p. to'wn, in the kingdom of Sar
dinia, smd county of Nice, with two casUes.
Tfae faarbour is sheltered by sorae lofty hills,
founded in 1295, by Charlea II. king of Naples,
who waa earl of Provence : the citadel was
buiU by Duke Emanuel Philibert In 169],
it was taken by tfae French, who kept it tiU 1696,-
when it wsis restored to Savoy. In 1705, it was
again -taken by the French, and the garrison, after
a brave defence and honourable capitulation,
conducted to Saorgio, In 1744, the king of Sar
dinia, who was strongly entrenched nesir the town,
at tfae head of 20,000 men, was attacked by toe
Frencfa and Spaniards, and compeUed to embark
on board the Englisfa fleet, and witfa his troopa re
tire to Vado, In 1747, if wsis taken by tfae Mare-
scfaal Belleisle, In tfae year 1792, it was again ta
ken by the French, 3 ra. E, Nice,
Villa Franca de Panades, t Spain, in Catalonia,
20 m. S, W, Barcelona, 24 N, E, Tarragona, Pop,
4,800, Villo Franca de Xira, t, Portugal, in Estrema
dura, on tfae N, side of tfae Tagus, 15 ra, N, E, Lis
bon, Pop, 2,902.
ViUa ftarla, t Spain, in New Caatile, on the
Guadiana, 36 ra. W, Civdad Real, 21 S, S, W.
Toledo. Villa Hermoso, or Dilla de Masa, t Mexico, iu
tfae province of "Tabasco, on a river navigable by
boate to Tabaaco ; chiefly infaabited by Indisuis.
56 ra, S, W, Tabasco, 60 N, E, Cfaiapa, Lon, 94*
Iff W, Lat, 17° 40' N,
Villa de Horta, s-p, Fayal, one ofthe Azores Ial
ands, Lon, 28" 36' W, Lat 38" 32' N,
Villa d' Iglesias, or Villa di G/esta, t, Sardinia,

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and see of a bishbp, 36 ni, S, W, Cagliari, Lon,
8°42'E, Lat39°2ff N.
ViUa Joiosa, or Joysa, t Spain, in Valencia, on
the coaat ofthe Mediterranean, 18 m, N. N, E, AU
cant Pop, 4,800,
f%lla Major, t. Spain, in Galicia, on tfae coaat
ofthe AUantic, 27 m, S, W. St Jago,
ViUa Nova d'AsH, t in the kingdom of Sardi
nia, so called, because it was built by the in
faabitants of Asti, from the ruins of aome neigh
bouring villages ; and when they understood tfae
advantagea of its aituation, they surrounded it with
walls, bastions, ramparts, deep fosses filled with
water, faalf-moona, and other worka. It haa be
sides two ancient towera, and two churches. II
m.E.Turin, 11 W, Asti.
Villa Nova da Cevera, t Portugal, onthe S, side
ofthe Minho, near ita mouth, in Entre Duero e
Minfao, 27 m, N, N. W, Braga, 45 N, Oporto.
Lon, 8" 27' W. Lat 41"6ff N.
Villa Nova de Portimao, a-p, town, on the S,
coast of Portugal, in Algarve, It is a fortified
town, seated on a river, which forras a spacioua
and secure harbour, about halfaUiile in breadtfa,
and Uiree fatfaoms deep. It ia defended by tfae
forts of Ssuita Calhariua and St. Joao ; the aand-
banka in it render the entrance very dangeroua
witfaout the assistance of a pilot Tfais town was
built in the year 1463, and contains above 1,600
infaabitants, one pariah church, one caaa da raiae-
ricordisij one hoapital, and one convent, beaidea a
eoUege in one of the auburba. 9 ra. E. N. E. La
gos, 42 W. Tavira. Lon. 8° 2ff W. Lat, 37° 6' N,
Fop, 3,463.^
Villa Nova de Porto, t Portugal, in Entre Dii-
ero e Minho, on the left side of the Duero, oppo
site Oporto. Pop. 2,899.
Villa Nueva, t Spsun, in Catalonia, on the ooast
ofthe Mediterranean, 24 m. W. Barcelona.
Villa Real, t. Portugal, in Tra los Monies, 9 m.
N. Lamego, 21 S. W. Mirandeta. Pop. 6,000.
Villa Real, t. Spain, iu Valencia, 20 m. E. Se
gorbe. Pop. 6,750.
Villa dd, Rey, t. Spain, in Estreraadura, 12 m.
N. Badajos.
Villa Riea,or Mariana, I. Brasil, and cap. of the
jnirsdiction of Minas Geraes, 150 m. N. Rio Jan
eiro. Lon. 44° 36' W. Lat 20° 26' S. Pop.
20,000. Villa Velio de Radao, t. Portugal, in Estrema-
dua, 17 m. S. S. W. Castel Branco.
Villa Vicosa, or Villa Vizoca, or Villa Viciosa,
t Portugal, in Alentejo, 97 m. N. E, Evora, 27 W,
Badajos, in Spain, Lon, 7° 12' W, Lat 38° 39' N,
Pop, 3,732,
Fi//a Viciosa, s-p, Spain,, in Asturias, at the
bottom of a bay of the Atlantic, 30 m, N, E, Ovie
do, 60 W. SantiUana,
Villacarillo, t Spain, in Jaen, Pop, 6,400,
ViUach, t Austrian States, and cap, of a circle
in the new kingdom of Illyria, on the rigfat side of
the Drave, 18 m, W, Clagenfurt, 26 S, S, W,
Muehrau, Lon, 13" 39' E. Lat, 46° 43' N. Pop.
3,200. Village Bay, bay on the W, cosist of Africa, Lat,
14°25'S, ViUage Hill, p^. Nottaway co, Va,
Villaine, t. France, in Mayenne, 12 m. E, N, E,
Mayenne, Lon. 0" II' W, Lat, 48" 21' N,
ViUolar, t Spain, in Leon, 12 ra, N, N, W, Ri-
oseco, Villandraut, or Villandrade, t, France, in Gi-

V I L

763

ronde, 8 m, W, N, W, Bazaa, 12 S, Cadillac, Pop,
2,177, Villarino, t Spain, in Leon, on the E, aide of
the Duero, 38 ra. W, Salamanca,
Villaseca, t Spain, in Catalonia, on the coaat of
*the Mediterranean, 6 ra, W, Tarragona, -
Vilkfart, t, France, in Lo'zere, 20 m", E, Mende,
20 N, Alaia. Lon. 3° 5ff E, Lat, 44° 27' N,
Vitte Franche, t. France, in Aveiron, 24 m, W,
Rfaodez, 26 N, Alby, Lon, 2° 7' E. Lat, 44°
21' N. Pop. 10,000,
ViUefranche, t France, in Upper Garonne, on
the Garonne, 18 m, S, E. Toulouse, 30 N, W-
Carcassonhe, Lon, 1° 49' E, Lat 43" 24' N, Pop-
2,032- Vilkfranche, t, France, in Rhone and Loire, on
the right bank ofthe Rfaone, 34 posts N, Lyona, 58
S, S, E, Paria. Lon. 4° 4ff E. Lat. 46° 7' N.
ViUefranche de Conflans, t. France, iu Eastern
Pyrenees, 27 m, W, S, W, Perpignan,
ViUefranche de Perigord, t France, in Dor
dogne, 36 m, S, S, E, Perigueux, 18 S, Sarlat,
Vilkmur, t, France, in Upper Garonne, 17 m.
N, Toulouae,
ViUena, t Spain, in Murcia, 41 m, N. N. E.
Murcia, 66 S. S. W. Valencia. Lon. 1"2' W. Lat.
38°S5'N. Villeneuve, t Switz, in Beme, at tfae E, exfrem
ity of tfae lake of Geneva, 15 m. E, S, E. Lau
aanne, 38 S, S, W, Berne, Lon, 6° 4ff E, Lat, 46°
25' N,
ViUeneuve, t. France, in Aveiron, 6 m, N, VU
lefranche, 9 S, Figeac, Pop, 3,104.
Villeneuve d'Agen, t. France, iu Lot and Ga
ronne, 12 m. N. Agen, 23 E. Marraande. Lon. 0°
4ff E. Lat 44° 24' N. Pop. 5,118.
Villeneuve lez Avignon, t. France, in Gard, on
the W. aide of the Rhone, oppoaite Avignon, 21
m. N. E. Niames. Pop. 3,300. ,
Vilkneuve de Berg, t. France, in Ardeche, 12
m, S, Privaa, 10 W, Monteliraart, Lon, 4° 35' E,
Lat 44° 32' N. Pop. 2,116.
Villeneuve le Roy, or ViUeneuve sur 'Yonne, t.
France, in Yonne, on the Yonne, 2 poata N. W.
Joigny, 16 S. Paris. Pop. 4,605.
ViUenouvetle, t France, in Herault, on the Orb,
3 ra. N. W. Beziera.
Vilkreal, t. France, in Lot and Garonne, 7 m.
N, Monflanquin. Pop, 2,577,
Villers Cauchies, or Villers en Cauchi, v. France,
in North, 5 m, N, E, Carabray, •
Villers Cotterets, t. Fi'ance, in Aisne, 12 m, S,
W, Soiaaona, 16 N, W. Chateau Thierry. Pop,
2,400. Villdte f Anton, t. France, in Isere, on the
Rfaone, 12 ra, E. Lyons,
Villimpenta, t. Austrian Italy, , 10 m, E, Man
tua, ViUingen, t. Baden, well defended by nature
and art, 52 ra, S, S, W. Stuttgart, 22 S, Freu
denslalt Lon, 8" 26' E, Lat 48° 4' N, Pop,
3,316, VilmOnstrand, or Wilmanstrand, t Russia, in
Viborg, 40 ra, N, N, W, Viberg, 100 N, N, W,
Petersburg, Lon, 27° 2ff E, Lat 61° 20' N,
Vik, r, Bavaria, wfaicfa runs into' tfae Nab, sit
Kalraunz, Vik Biburg, t Bavaria, 8 m, S, E, Landshut,
36 N, E, Munich,
Vikhofen, t. Bavaria, at the cOnflux ofthe Vils
with the Danube, 11 m, W, Paaaau, 72 E, N; E,
Munich, Lon, 13° 11' E, Lat 48° 29' N. Pop.
1,692.

764

V I O

VUuiskai, (Ust,) t. Ruasia, ia Irkutsk, at the
conflux of the Vilui and Lena, 128 m, N, W,
Yakutsk, Lon. 126° 14' E, Lat, 63" 50' N,
VUvorde, or ViUeforte, t. Netfaerlands, on the
Senne, 6 m, S, Malinea, 6 N, Bruasela, Pop,
2,682, Vim, r, Ruasia, which runs iuto the Vitcfaegda,
near Lialakoi, in Ustiug,
Vimiosq, t Portugal, in Tras los Monies, 15 m,
W, N, W, Miranda de Duero, 16 S. E, Braganca,
Lon, 6° 14' E,. Lat 41° 29' N,
VimouHer, t. France, in Orne, on the Vie, 15
m. N, E. Argentan, 15 E, Falaiae, Pop, 3,093,
VinaUiaven, t. Hancock co, Maine, on the Fox
ialanda in Penobacot bay, 13 m, S, Caatine, Pop,
1,052. Vinoras, t, Spain, in Valencia, on tfae coast of
the Mediterranean, 5 m, N, Peniscola, Pop,
9,000, Vinay, t France, in Isere, 4 m, S, St, MarceUn,
12 W, Grenoble, , Pop, 2,407,
Vincekt, seigniory, Devon co. Lower Canada,
on the S, side ofthe St. Lawrence, 35 ra. E, Que
bec, Vincennes, t. France, 1 poat E. Paris.
Fincennej, seigniory, Hertford co. Lower Can
ada, on tfae S, aide of the St, Lawrence, 9 ra, E,
Quebec. Vincennes, p-t and cap. Knox co. Indiana, and
the targest town in the State, ia on tfae. E. bankof
tfae Wabasfa, 100 railes from its junction witii the
Ohio in a direct line; buf nesirly 200 by the course
of the river, 120 W, N, W, LouiSvUle, 150 N,E.
Kaskaskia, 140 E, St, Louis, Vincennes was set-
tied about a century ago by the French frora
Lower Canada, many of whom intermarried with
the Indians, and gradually approximated to the
savage state, Witfain a few yeara American em
igrants have flocked hitfaer in great numbers, and
the society is rapidly improving. In 1810 tfae
population was 883, and in 1818 the town con
tained 250 dwelUng-houses and stores, a hand
some brick ceurt-house, a land ofiice, a bank with
a capital of $1,500,000, a Ubrary of 700 I'olumes,
a Roman Catholic chapel, 2 market houses, 2
printing oflSces, and a college. The coUege is aol
yet ill- operation, but it has beeu endowed by Con
gresa witfa a township of land, containing 23,040
acrea, aaid to be worth, on an average, 10 doUars
an acre ; and a large brick buUding has been al
ready erected.
Vincent, t Chester co. Pa, on the SchuvlkiU,
Pop, 1,630,
Vincent Island, amaU ial, in the Pacific ocean, at
tho entrance into PorUock's harbour, Lon, 136°
aff W, Lat67°4ffN-
Vineyard, t Grand Iale co, Vf. on isle Motte,
in Lake Cfaamplain, 28 m, N, BurUngton, Pop,
338, Vineyard, p-v. Mecklenburg co, Va,
VingOrla, t. Hind, in Concan, 22 m, N, N, W
Goa, Lon, 73° 27'E, Lat. 15° 53' N.
Uinmarsuck, isl, near the coaat of Esist Green
land, Lon. 45° 45' W. Lat. 60° 4ff N,
Vintain, or Birttain, t. Africa, and cap, of the
kingdom of Fonia, on a river of fhe same narae,
which runs into the Garabia,
VintimigUa, aeaport, Sardian States, defended
by a caatle. It ia theaeeofabiafaop, ISm.N, E.
Nice, 18 S, W, Oneglia, Lon, 7° Sff E, Lat, 43"
4ff N,
Viola, r. Spain, in Guipuacoa, which runs iuto
the eea, al Cumaja,

V I R
Violet, t, Fairfield co, Ohio, 12 ra. N, W, Lan^
caster, Vipalanka, or Uj PeUanka, fort, Hungary, 50
m. S, Temeavar, 36 E, Belgrade, Lon, 21° E
Lat. 45° N,
Vique, or, Vicq, I, Spain, in Catalonia.; the see
ofa biahop, 22 m. W, S. W. Gerona, 31 N, Bar
celona. Lon, 2° 8' E, Lat 41° 54' N, Pop, 8,400,
Vire, r. France, which runs into the English
channel belween the departmenta of tfae Channel
and the Calvados,
Vire, t. France, in Calvadoa, 27 m, S, W, Caen,
25 W. Falaiae, Lon,0°48'W, Lat48°51'N, Pop
7,325, Vire, or Motraca, cape, Arabia, on the coast of
the Indian sea, 16 m, N. N, E. Hassek,
Virgil, p-t Cortlandt co, N, Y, M) m, S, Homer,
156 W, Albany, Pop. 913,
Virgin Islands, a cluster of islands in the W,
Indiea, to tfae E, of Porto Rico ; they are upwarda
of 20 in number, but for the most part desert and
barren, and extend 60 milea in length, and up
warda of 36 in breadth. They are dangeroua to
navigators. They belong principally to the Eng
lisfa and Danes, but the Spaniards claim those
near Porto Rico, Tfae names of tfae principal isl
ands are Virgin Gorda, Tortola, St Tfaomas' isl
and, St. John, and Santa ialand, or St, Croix. The
three last belong to the Danes. The Wesleyan '
Methodista have 3 misaionariea in theae ialands.
Virgin Rocks, rocks in the Atisratic, 60 m. S, E,
Cape Race, on the coast of Newfoundland, Lon,
50° W, Lat46°2ffN,
Virginia, one of the U. States, bounded N, by
-Pennsylvania ; N, E, by Maryland ; E. by the At
lantic ; S. by Nortfa-CsuTjUna and 'Tennessee; W.
by Kentucky and Ofaio. It lies between 36° Sff
aud 40° 43' N. lat. and between 75° 25' and 83°
40' W. lon. It ia 370 miles fong, and containa
about 64,000 aq. miles. Pop. in 1790, 747,610;
in 1800, 886,149 ; and in 1810, 974,622, ofwhom
651,534 were whites, 392,518 staves, and 30,570
free blacks. MiUtia in 1821, 88,915.
The AUeghany mountains pass througfa tbe
Western part of the State from S. W. to N. E.
The Blue Ridge is east of tfae AUeghany range,
and runs psirallel witfa it, dividing the Slate info
two parts nearly equal. In regard to sod, Viigin-
ia may be divided into four zones, essentiaUy dif
ferent from each other. The first, extending
from the aea-coast to the lerminationof tide-water
at Fredericksburg, Richmond, &c. ia low and flat,
sometiraes fenny, sometiraes sandy^ and on tbe
margins of the rivers coraposed of a rich loam,
covered with a luxuriant and even rank vegeta
tion. This zone liEis been forraed by a compara
tively recent alluvion ; marine sheUa and bones
are every wfaere found near tiie surface of the
earth. This part of the State ia unhealthy in the
raonUia of August, September and October,^The
next division extenda from the head of tide-water
to the Blue Ridge, The aurface near tide-water
ia level ; higher up the rivers it becomea swell
ing; and near the mountsu'ns often abrupt and
broken. The aoil is divided into sections of very
unequal quality, paraUel to eacfa other, and ex
tending across the State. The paraUel of Ches
terfield, Henrico, Hanover, &c, is a thin, sandy,
aud, except on the rivers, an unproductive soil.
That of Goochland, Cumberland, Prince Edward,
HaUfax, &c. is generaUy fertile, Fluvanna,iuck-
ingham, CaHipbell, and Pittsylvania, again, are

V I R
poor; and Culpepper, Orange, Albemarle, Bed
ford, &c, have a rich, tfaough frequentiy a atony
and broken soil, on a aubstratum of tenacioua, red-
colored clay. The scenery of the upper part of
this section is faigfaly pictureaque and romantic.
The third region is the valley between tfae Blue
Ridge and North and Alleghany raountains ; a
valley, which extenda with little interruption,
from the Potomac, across the State, to North-
Carolina and Tennessee, narrower, but of great
er length than either of tfae preceding zones.
The soil is a mould, formed on a bed of limeatone,
wfaich often appears above the aurface, in- veina
parallel to the raountsiina, and making every pos
sible Eragle with the horizon. The surface of this
¦valley ia soraetimes broken by sharp and solitary
mountains, detached from the general chain, the
aidea of wfaich, nearly bare, or but thinly covered
witfa blasted pines, forra disagreeable objects iu
tfae landscape, Tfae bed of the vaUey is fertile,
producing good crops of Indian com, wheat, rye,
oata, buckwheat, hemp, flax, &c. The fourth and
laat diviaion extends from the AUeghany raoun
tsiins to the Ohio river, a country wild and broken,
in some places fertile, but generaUy barren. Here
are mines of lead, iron, coal and salt,
A Litersiry fund has recently been created by
the State, consisting of monies received from the
U, States for military services during the late
war, wfaicfa amounted in December 1818, fo
$1,114,159, to which is to be added a balance still
due from the U, States, The interest of this aura,
with the addition of the revenue ariaing from
finea, forfeiturea, and eacheab, which haa also
been appropriated to thia object, wiU, in the opin
ion ofthe Directors, yield an annual incorae little
short of$90,000. Of this sura $45,000 faave been
appropriated by the legislature to tfae support of
primary schools, and $15,000 to a University.
The University is located at Charlottesville in
Albemarle co. Tfae plan contemplalea 10 profes
sors. The buildinga for the accommodation of
the institution are to be finished in 1821, They
conaist of ten paviUions for the professors, 6 hotels
for dieting the students, and a sixth for the use of
tfae proctor, witfa 104 dormitories, sufficient for
lodging 208 students. According to tfae report of
tfae Rector in 1820, the sums expended upon the
buildings wUl consume sdl tfae income of the Uni
versity for seven yeara to corae, so that tfae institu
tion cannot commence its operations till 1828, un-
lesa further granta are made by the legislature.
The other coUegea in Virginia are William and
Mary coUege at Williamsburg, Washington col
lege at Lexington, and Hampden Sidney college
iu Prince Edward county. Besides the literary
fund, there is a fund for internal improvement,
under the direction ofa Board of PubUc Works,
which amounted in Nov. 1818, to $1,537,561,
and which has already promoted the construction
of varioua canala, Tfae Board have recently re
ported in favor of the practicability of a canal con
necting James river with the Ofaio,
In respect to character, the Blue Ridge dividea
the Virginiana into two classes. Those east of the
ridge, embracing about tfaree-fourtfas of tfae wfaole
population, are chiefly of English deacent; those
Weat of the Ridge are descendants of the Scotch-
Irish, tfaat is, of emigrsrats frora the north of Ire
land. The former were originally Epiacopaliana^
the latter, Preabyteriana, Among the forraer,
alavea are as numerous as whites ; araong the lat
ter, there are aeveu whites to one slave. In 1 81 7,

V I T

765

the Baptists had 314 congregations in the State ;
tfae Presbyterians 41 ordained rainisters ; and the
Episcopaliana 34 ministers. There Were besides
many Methodists and Friends, and some Luthe
rana and Roman CathoUcs, — Tfae legialature is
composed of a senate and house of representa
tives. The senate consiats of 24 raerabers, who
su-e chosen for 4 years, one-fourth being chosen
yearly. The repreaentativea are chosen annual
ly two from each county, and one frora several cit
ies and boroughs. The governor is chosen annu
ally by joint ballot of both houses, and can hold
the office but 3 years in 7,
Tfae staple productions of Virginia are tobacco
and wfaeat. Tfae value of the exports for the year
ending Sept. SOUi, 1820, was $4,557,957, ofwhich"
sdl except $8,829 was domestic produce, Tfae
value ofthe manufacturea in 1810 waa eatiraated
at $15,263,473, The araount ofahipping in 1816,
-waa 70,361 tons,
Virieu, t. France, in Isere, 6 m, S, S, E, la
Tour du Pin, UN, Meirans, Pop. 4,069,
ViriviUe, t, France, in laere, 12 m, N, N, W, St,
MarceUin, 18 S, E, Vienne,
Virnenburg, t. Prussian States, 20 m, W, Cob
lentz, Lon,6°5ffE, Lat 50"27'N,
Virtz, lake, Russia, 40 miles in circumference,
96 m, N, N, E, Riga,
Visagapatam, t. Hind, in the circar of Cicacole,
on the coast Near the town is a pagoda dedica
ted to raonkies, which abound in tfae neighbour
hood. The London Society have 3 miaaionaries
here, 60 m, S, W, Cicacole, 100 N, E, Raja
mundry, Lon, 83° 30' E. Lat 17° 4ff N,
Viscardo, aeaport on the N. coaat of Cephalon
ia, oppoaite tfae island of Teaki,
Vischer's Island, small isl, in tfae Pacific ocesra,
near the E, coast of Morty, Lon, 128° Sff E, Lat
2°21'N, Vischma, t, Russia, in Tobolsk, 268 m, S, W,
Tobolsk, Lon. 60° 14' E, Lat, 62° Sff N,
Vischneivakgak, t. Russia, in Tver^ 60 m, N,
W,Tver. Lon, 34° 54' E, Lat, 57" ffN.
Viset, t. Netfaerlands, in Liege, on tfae E. side
of tfae Meuse, 6 m. S, Maestricfat, 8 N, Liege,
Viseu, t Portugal, in Beira, the aee of a bishop,
27 m. S. Laraego, 14 N, E, Coimbra. Lon, 7" 46'
W, Lat, 40" 45' N. Pop, 5,000,
Visiapour, city. Hind, and capital of a country,
to whicfa it gives name, 306 m. N, Seringapa
tara, 384 N, W, Madras, Lon. 75" 27' E. Lat. 17°
2ffN. Visokich, t, Ruasia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena, 8
m. N, N, W, Orlenga,
Uist, Nartk, one of tfae western islands of Scot
land, about 20 railes frora E. to W, and 8 to 16
frora N, to S, ; 13 m, W. from tfae island of Skye.
Lon, 7" W, Lat, 52° 42' N, Pop. 3,773.
Uist, South, one of the western islands of Scot
land, about 20 miles from N. to S. and from 6 to 8
wide ; about 20 m. W. frora the island of Skye.
Lon. 7" 20' W. Lat. 57° 12' N. Pop. 4,825.
Vistritza, r. Eu, Turkey, which runs into the
Vistriza, 16 ra. E, S, E, Edessa, in Macedonia.
Vistriza, r. Eu, Turkey, in Macedonia, which
runs into the Varder, 25 ra, N. W. Saloniki,-
Vistula, r. wfaicfa rises in the S, E. part of Sile
sia, passes by Cracow, Sandomirz, Warsaw, Wla-
dislaw, Thorn, Culm, &c, and runa into the Bal
tic, at Dantzic,
Vitegra, t. Ruasia, in Olonetz, 88 ra, E, Olonetz.
Lon, 35° 44' E. Lat. 60° 55' N,
Vitepsk, t Rusaia, in Polotsk, on the Duna, 56

766

U L E

U M B

m, E, S, E, Polotsk, Lon, 30° SO' E, Lat, 56°
15'N, Viterbo, t. Popedom, and cap. ofthe Patrimonio,
the see ofa bishop, 34 m, N, N, W, Rorae, 18 S,
Orvieto, Lon, 12° ff E, Lat; 42° 25' N, Pop,
ISjOOO, Vitimskai, t Russia, in Irkutsk, on the Lena,
Lon. 112" 34' E. Lat 59° 5'N,
Vitre, t France, in Ille and Vitaine, on the
Vilaine, 19 ra, E, Rennea, 18 W, Laval, Lon, 1°
9' VV. Lat 48° ffN, Pop, 8,809,
Vitry le Brule, t. France, in Marne, 3 ra, N, E,
Vitry le Francois,
Vitry, le Francois, t France, in Marne, on the
Marne, 16 m, S, E, Chalons sur Marne, 15 W, N,
W, St Dizier, Lou, 4° 38' E. Lat48°4ffN, Pop,
6j925, Vitteaux, t France, in Cote d'Or, 9 ra, S, E, Se
mur en Auxois, 21 W, Dijon, Pop, 2,019,
Vittoria, t. Spain, in Alava, It has considera
ble trade in wine and -^ool, and manufactures of
sword-blades, 42 ra, S, S, W, Sl, Sebastian, 40
W, Paraplona, Lon,2°41'W, Lat 42°47'N, Pop,
6,500, Vittoria, La, t Sicily, 20 ra. N, W, Modica,
35 W, Syracuse. Lon. 14° SffE, Lat 36" 55'N,
Vittiyriosa, or Ci//a Viltoriosa, or // Borgo, for
tified t Msdla, on a narrow neck of land, to the
left of Valetta, Pop, 3,000,
Viu, t. Sardinian Slates, on the Stura, 14 ra, N,
W, Turin, Pop, 3,000.
Vivero, t. Spain, iu Galicia, on the river Vive-
ro or Landrovo, which runs into the sea.
Viviers, t. France, in Ardeche, on the right
bankof uie Rfaone, Before tfae revolution, cap
italof a province, called Vivorais, 16 ra, S, S, E,
Privas, 15 S. E. Aubenas, Lon, 4" 4ff E, Lat, 44°
¦29' N, Pop, 1,892.
Vivonne, t. France, in Vienne, 6 ra, E. Lusig
nan, 9 S, Poitiers, Pop. 2,059.
Vix, t France, in Vendee, 6 m. S. Fontenay le
Comte, 14 E. S. E. Lucon. Fop, 2,034.
Vizagapatam. See Visagapatam.
Vizianagram, t Hind, in Cicacole, 108 m, N.
E, Rajamundry. Lon, 83° 36' E, Lat 18° 5' N,
Vizini, t. Sicily, 20 ra. N, W, Syracuse, Lon,
14° 5ff E, Lat 37" 2' N. Pop. 10,000.
Ukenskai, t. Russia, in Tobolsk, at the conflux
ofthe Irtiach and the Oby, 196 ra. N. Tobolak.
Lon. 69° 14' E. Lat 61° 10' N.
Ukinskoi, cape, Russia, on the E. coast of Kamt
chatka. 60 m. N. E. Udinskoi.. Lon. 162° E. Lat.
58° Sff N. ''
Ukipen, araall isl. in the Pacific ocean. Lon. 21 1°
E. Lat. 64" 22'N.
Ukraine, a name given to a very fertile coun
try, on both sides of tile river Dnieper, now a part
ofthe Russian government of Ekaterinoslav.
Vladimir, t Russia, and capital of a govern-
raont al the conflux of the Kliazraa and the Nerl,
100 m, E, Moskow, 408 S, E, Petersburg, Lon.
40° 22' E. Lat. 56° 50' N,
Vladimirskoe, government, Russia, bounded N,
by Jaroslavl and Koslrom, E, by Nizegorod, S, by
Tambov and Riazan, W. by Moskovskaia and
Tverskoe. Lon, 38° to 43" B. Lat 55° 2ff to 67°
Iff N, Pop, 1,066,100,
Ulai, in Sao, Geog. r, Persia, near Susa,
Vlardingcn, or Vlaerdingen, t. HoUand, on tfae
N. side ol the Meuse, 2 ra. W, Schiedam, Pop,
5,625. Ulea, or Uldborg, seaport, Russia, on a penin
sula, at the mouth of a river of the same name,

which runs into the gulf of Bothnia. It Ms a
coramodious harbour, and a fine salmon fishery.
320 m. N, Abo, Lon, 25° r3' E, Lat, 65° 4ff N
Pop. 3,222,
tflea, r, Russia, which runs into the gulf of
Bothnia, in lon, 25° 22' E, lat, 65° 2' N.
Ulfen, seaport,, Sweden, in Angermanlaud, on
the gulf of Bothnia, 25 m, N, N, E, Hernosand,
Ulfon, North and South, 2 small islanda on the
W, aide ofthe gulf of Bothnia, Lou, 18° 27' E
Lat 63° 2'N,
Vlielond, or Flielant, isl, in the Gerraan aea, at
the entrance of the Zuyder See, 8 milea long, S
ra, N, from the TexeL Lon. 4° 2S: E, Lat. 63°
24' N,
Ulietea, one of fhe Society ialanda, in the South
Pacific ocean, Tfae productiona and manners of
tfae inhabitanta are aimilar to those of Otaheite.
The S, extremity of tfae island Ues in lon, 181° 20'
W. lat 16°6ff S,
Ullapool, seaport, Scotland, in Rosa-ahfre, at
tfae raoutfa of a river wfaich runa into Loch Broom.
Lon. 5" I' W. Lat. 57° 52' N,
Ullo, amall isl. in the North sea, near the coast
of Lapland. Lat 69° 32' N.
Ulm, city, Gerraany, in the kingdora of Wur
teraberg, situated on the Danube. Thia city is
well fortified ; the magistracy and principal patt
of the inhabitants are Lutfaersms, The cathedral
ia one of the largeat, and ita Gothic tower is ea
teemed one of the loftiest in Germany. 45 m. S.
E, Stuttgard, 60 N, Municfa, Lon. 9° Sff E, Lat
48" 24' N, Pop, 12,400,
Ulaiha, or UlothOw, t Prussian States, in West
phalia, 6 m. S, Minden, 14 E, N. E. Hertford. Lon,
8° 45' E. Lat 52" 5' N. Pop. 1,500.
Ulrichen, v, Germany, 8 m. N. E, Munster,
Ulricskamn, or Ulricahamn, t Sweden, 47 m, E.
Gothenburg, 24 W, Johkioping, Lon, 13° 19' E.
Lat, 57° 4ff N,
UUler, province, Irelsmd, contsiining the conn-
ties of Donegal, Londonderry, Antrim, Tyrone,
Fermanagh, Monaghan, .Armagh, Down, and Ca
van, Ulster, CO. N. Y, bounded N. by Greene co. E.
by tfae Hudson, S, by Orange co. and W. by Del
aware co. Pop. 26,576. Chieftown, Kingston.
Ulster, t. Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 627.
Ultzen, or Ueltzen, t. Hsinover, in tfae principal
ity of Luneburg, ou tfae Ilmenau, 20 m. S. S. E,
Luneburg, 32 N, E, ZeU, Lon, 8° 22' E, Lat 52°
58' N, Pop, 2,400,
Uh^a, one of the weatern islanda of Scotland, 7
milea in circumference, near tfae W. coast of MuU,
Lon, 6° Iff W. Lat 56° 28' N.
Ulverston, t. England, in Lancashire, near the
mouth of the Dudden, and approachable by ves
sela of 150 tona, at higfa water. 16 ra. S, W, Ken
dal, 267 N, N. W. London, Lon, 3" W, Lat 54°
8' N, Pop. 3,378.
Ulysses, p-t Tompkins co. N. Y. on Cayuga
lake, 14 ra, S. E, Ovid, 180 W, Albany, Pop,
3,250, In this town ia Ithaca, the capital of the
county, Umago, seaport, Istria, 16 m, E, Venice, 18 S,
S, W, Trieate. Lon. 13° 4^ E. Lat 46° 35' N.
Umbagog, Lake, partiy in Maine and parUy in
New H;impahire. It is a) miles long, 10 broad in
the widest part, and discharges its watera into
Margalla-way river.
Umbriatico, L Naples, in Calabria Citra, the see
of abishop, 57 m.'E. Coaenza, 101 N. N. E. Reg
gio, Lon. 17° 6' E. Lat 39° 27' N,

U N I

U N I

767

ViMa, seaport, Sweden, at the mouth ofa river
nf the same name, on the gulf of Bothnia. Lon, 20"
4' E, Lat 63° 52' N.
Ummants, srasdl ial. in tfae Baltic, near the W.
coaat of tfae ialand of Rugen. Lon, 13° 14' E, Lat,
54° Sff N,
Umstadt, t Hease Darmatadt, 10 m, E. Darm
stadt, SO N, Heidelberg, Pop, 2,260,
Unadilla, r. N, Y, which sepsfratea the counties
ef Chenango and Otaego, and runs into the Sua
quehannah, Unadilla, p-V. Otaego co. N. Y. on the Suaque-
faannafa, 34 ra. S. W. Cooperstown, 100 W. Alba
ny. Pop, 1,426,
Unaka, mountains of the U, Statea, between
Tennesaee and N, Carolina,
Unalashka. See Oonalashka.
Unckel, t, Prusaian States, in Lower Rhine, on
the rigfat bank of tfae Rhine, 2 m, N, Lintz, 24 S,
E, Cologne, Pop, 1,500,
Underhill, t, Chittenden co, Vt, 15 m, N, E,
BurUngton. Pop, 490,
Underwalden, or Unterwalden, canton, Switz,
bounded N. by Lucern smd Waldatatter lake, E.
by mountaina wfaich aepsirate it from Uri, S, by
Bern, and W, by Lucern. It measurea about 24
miles eacfa way. Pop. 21,200. Tfae infaabitanta
are univeraally Roman Caifaolica.
Ungha, t. on the E. coast of Tunis, 76 m, S. Ca-
froan. Ungvar, t. and fort, Hungary, on the Ung, 22
m. N. Munckacz, 46 E. Csiacbau.
Union, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, 29 m. N. E. Wis
caaset, 190 from Boaton.
Union, t. Tolland co. Ct 33 ra. N. E. Hartford.
Pop. 752.
Union, p-t, Broome co. N, Y. on the Suaquehan
nah, 6 m, W, Chenango point, 140 W, Catakill,
Pop. 987,
Union, p-v. in Greenwich, Washington co. N,
Y, on the BattenkiU, 34 ra, N, Albany, Pop. 500,
It containa an academy, 2 churcfaes, and exten
sive cotton and other manufactoriea.
Union, t. Eaaex co. N. J, Pop, 1 ,428,
Union, co. Pa. formed from part of Northumber
land CO.
Union, p-t. Fayette co. Pa, on Redatone creek.
It contains a court-houae and jail. Pop, 2,066,
14 ra, S. by E. BrownviUe, 58 S. Pittsburg.
Union, t. Huntingdon co. Pa, Pop, 706,
Union, t. Mifflin co. Pa, Pop. 1,1 14,
Union, p-v. Loudon co, Va.
Union, CO, S. C, At tfae court-faouse is a post-
office, fnio»i, CO, Kentucky.
Union, co. Ohio, belween Logan and Delaware
counties, forraed in 1820, from the Indian reserva
tion. Union, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 7 m. W. St. Clairs
viUe. Pop. in 1819, 1,425.
Union, t. Butler co. Ohio.
Union, t. Charapaign co. Ohio. Pop. in 1815,
445. Union, t. Clermont co. Ohio,
Union, t. Clinton co, Ohio, in which is Wilming
ton, the county aeat.
Union, t. Ddaware co, Ofaio.
Union, t. Fayette co, Ohio.
Union, t. Highland co, Ohio,
Union, t. Knox co. Ohio,
Union, t. Lavn-enoe co, Ohio. Pop.inl815, 435.
Union, t. Licking co. Ofaio.
Union, t Madison co. Ohio.

Union, p-t. Montgomery co. Ohio, 12 m. N. W.
Dayton. Union, t. Muakingum co, Oliio, 10 m, E- Zanes
ville, Union, t. Ross co, Ohio, on the Scioto, 5 m,
above ChilUcothe, Pop. in 1819, 2,000,
Union, t. Scioto co, Ohio, on the Scioto, 8 m,
above Portaraouth,
Union, t, Warren co, Ohio, E. of Lebanon,
Union, t, Waahington co, Ofaio, on the Mua
kingum, 5 m. above Marietta.
Union, t. Warren co, Ohio, 4 ra, W, Lebanon,
inhabited by Shakera,
Union, co, Illinoia, on the Missiaaippi, Pop, in
1818, 2,482. Chief town, Joneaburg,
Union, t. Washington co, Missouri,
Union, t. Lincoln co, Missouri,
Union, a atation of the United Foreign Mission
ary Society, among the Osages of the Arksmsaw,
See Osage*.
Union bridge, p-v. Montgomery co, Md,
Union springs, p-v. Cayuga co, N, Y, 6 ra, N.
Aurora, Uniantaum, p-t, Muskingura co, Ofaio, 9 m. S.
W, Zaneaville.
Unionvilk, t Cheater co. Pa,
United Provinces, a narae formerly given to the
Seven Proteatant Statea of fhe Netherlanda, which
tlirew off the yoke of Spain, and becarae inde
pendent See Holland and Netherlands.
United Stoles, country, N, Araerica, bounded
N, by the Britiah dominiona ; E. by the Atlantic
ocean; S, by the gulf of Mexico; S, W, by the-
Spanish dominions; and W, by the Pacific ocean.
The boundary on the aide of the Spaniah domin
ions, according to tfae treaty witfa Spain, ratified
tfae preaent year, (1821,) begins on the gulf of
Mexico, at the mouth of the river Sabine, and
proceeds along tfae west bank of tfaat river to fhe
32d degree of N. lat. ; thence, by a line due nortfa,
to tfae river Arkansas; thence, along the soutfa
bank of the Arkanaas to ils source, in lat 42°, and
thence along that parallel to the Pacific ocean.
On tfae side of tfae Britisfa dominions, tfae boun
dary begina in the Atlantic ocean, at the mouth of
the river St, Croix, and proceeda up that river to
its source; tfaence due nortfa to tfae faigfalands
wfaicfa separate tfae watera fsdling into the Sl,
Lawrence frora thoae whicfa fall into tfae Atlantig ;,
tfaence, along tfaose faigfalands, in a S, W, direc
tion, to the parallel of -45° N, lat, ; thence, along
that paraUel to the river St Lawrence, and
thence, up that river, suid the great lakes Ontario,
Erie, Huron, and Superior, lo the raost north
western poi4t of the lake of the Woods, By the
treaty with Great Britain in 1819, the boundary
line proceeds from the last mentioned point, due-
north or aouth, aa the case may be, to the parsillel
of 49° N, lat, and thence due west along that par
allel to the Rocky mountains. The boundary be
tween the Rocky mountains and the Pacific ocean
remains unsettled, — Including the Floridsis, which
have been ceded by Spain, the territory of tfae
United States extenda frorii 26° to 49° N, lat and
frora 66" 49' to 125° W, lon. embracing upwards of
2,000,000 square raUes,
This vast country is interaected by two princi
pal rangea of mountaina ; tfae Rocky mountaina in
the west, wfaicfa run acroaa the territory in a di
rection nearly parallel with tfae coaat of the Pa
cific ocean, at the distance of aeveral hundred
railes ; and the AUeghany raountains in fhe east,
which rua nearly parallel witfa the Atlantic coaat

768

U N I

from Georgia, through Tennessee, Virginia, and
Pennsylvania, to New York, The iramenae val
ley included between theae two rangea of raoun
taina, is interaected by the Missiaaippi river wfaich
runa from north to aouth, through the whole len^h
of tfae United States, The country west of the
Mississippi, with few exceptions, is a wilderness '
infaabited by savage Indians, and beyond the me
ridian of 94°, tfae whites have scarcely a soUtary
settleraent ; but the country on the esiat of the
Miaaissippi ia, to a conaiderable extent, cultivated
and populoua.
The confederacy originally consisted of 13
raembers, but by the formation of new Stales, the
number is now increased to 24 ; the naraes, ex
tent, and populalion of which are given in the fol
lowing table :

Sq.

Pi^. in

Pap.

Slaves

States.

Maes.

1810,

sq.m.

inl810.

Maine,

31,750

228,705

7

None

New Hampshire,

9,491

214,460

22

None

Vermont, - -

10,212

217,895

21

None

Massachusetts, -

7,250

472,040

66

None

Rhode Island, -

1,680

76,931

48

108

Connecticut,

4,764

261,942

55

310

New York,

46,000

959,049

21

15,017

New Jersey,

8,320

245,662

29

10,851

Pennsylvania, -

46,000

810,091

18

795

Delaware,

2,120

72,674

34

4,177

Maryland, -

13,959

380,546

27

111,502

Virginia, - -

64,000

974,622

15

392,518

North Carolinsi,

48,000

556,500

11

168,824

Soutfa Carolina,

24,000

415,115

17

196,365

'Georgia,

60,000

252,433

4

106,218

Alabama, - -
Mississippi,

44,000
45,000

Uo,352

4

17,088

Louisiana,

48,000

76,556

Ii

34,660

Tennessee, - -

40,000

261,727

6

44,535

Kentucky,

42,000

406,511

9

80,661

Ohio, . -

39,000

230,760

6

None

Indiana, - -

36,000

24,520

1

None

lUinoia,

52,000

12,282

i

168

Miaaouri,

60,000

19,783

i

3,011

The States are usually classed under four di
visions, Eastem, Middk, Southern, and Western.
The Eastem States are thoae which lie wholly
eaat of the Hudson, viz, Maine, New Harapshire,
Vermont, Maaaachuaetls, Rhode laland, and Con
necticut ; the Middle Statea are those between
tfae Hudson and tfae Potomac, viz. New York,
New Jeraey, Pennaylvania, Delaware, and Mary
land, Tfae Soutfaem Statea are tfaoae south of the
Potomac, including the three on the GulfofMex
ico, viz, Virginia, NorUi Carolina, South Caroli
na, Georgia, Alabama, Miaaiaaippi, and Louisia
na, The Weatern Stsitea are thoae whicfa lie
wfaolly west of tfae Alleghany mountaina, viz,
Tenneaaee, Kentucky, Ohio, Indiana, IlUnoia,
and Miasouri, The country not included in the
Statea is very thinly settled, and ia divided for the
present into territories, under governors appoint
ed by Congresa, The naraes ofthe territoriea su-e
Miohigan, Northweat, Misaouri, Arkansas, and
Florida, The District of Colurabia ia a tract 10
miles square around the city of Washington, un
der the immediate government of Congresa,
In thatp-artofthe United Slates which lies eaat
of the Misaiaaippi, the raoat remarkable feature in
the face of tfae country ia the low plain, from 50
to 100 inUes wMe, which extenda along the At
lantic coast, from the Hudson to the Miasissippi, a

U N I
distance of 1,500 miles. Beyond thia plain the
country risea towards the interior till it terminates
in tfae AUegfaany or Appalachian mountains. The
reat of tfae U, States is agreeably diversified with
faiUs and vallies, plains and mountsuns. The soil of
the low country, except on the bsmks of creeks and
rivera, is sandy and bsu-ren ; but the remainder of
tfae country faas generally a strong fertile soil, ca
pable of supporting a dense population. The
principal production of the statea south of Ken
tucky and Virginia, is cotton. Tobacco is raised
in large quantities in Maryland and Virginia.
Wheat is the staple production of tfae Middle and
Western States, Rice ia cultivated to a consid
erable extent in tfae swsunpa of Georgia and the
Carolinas, aud the sugar cane flouriahea in Lou
isiana, Tfae coramerce of the U, States consists princi
pally in the exchange of s^icultural produce for
the manufactures of other parts ofthe world, and
the productions of tropical climates. The whole
value of tfae exporta in 1820, was $69,691,669, of
wfaicfa, $51,683,640 was domestic produce, Tfae
principal article ia cotton ; tfae quantity of which
has been continusdly and rapidly increasing for
more than SO years. In 1790, tfae amountexport-
edwas only 100,000 pounda; in 1795, 1,300,000 ;
in 1800, 17,789,803 ; in 1804, 35,034,175 ; and in
1817, 86,649,328 pounda, tfae value of which was
$22,628,000. Next in importance to cotton, is
wfaeat and flour, of wfaicfa the amount exported in
1817, waa 1,479,198 barrels, and tfae value
$18,432,000. Tobacco, lumber, rice, pot and
pearl aafaea, Indian corn, fisfa, beef and pork, are
also exported in large quantitiea. — The principal
articles imported may be arranged iu tfae foUow
ing order : manufactured goods, principsdly from
Great Britain ; sugsur, coffee, foreign spirits, tea,
wine and molasses. Tfae shipping belonging to
the U. Stales in 1818, waa 1,165,185 tons. Itis
owned principally in New-England and New-
York. The States south of the Potomac own only
one eighth part — The annual vsdue of the manu
facturea was estimated in 1810, at $172,762,876.
The revenue of tfae United States in 1819, was
$21,436,700. More than nine-tenths of the rev
enue hsis been usuaUy derived from duties on im
ports. The sale of public lands for several yeara
past has also yielded a conaiderable aura, aud the a-
raount frora tfais source is rapidly increasing. The
internal revenue and direct taxes on houses ant!
lands, yield very little, being only resorted to in
cases of eraergency, Tfae public debt contracted
in support of the war of Independence, amounted
in 1791, to $75,463,467. During the long peace
belween 1783 smd 1812, the country was prospe
rous, and tfae debt was gradually, reduced to
$36,656,932, The war of 1812, ' 13, and '14, in
cresiaed it again raore than three-fold, and in 1817,
it waa $112,107,862, It haa aince been greaUy
reduced, and ou Oct 1st, 1820, was $91,680,090.
—The army in 1820 consisted of 10,000 men,
diatributed among the numerous posta along the
maritime and inlsmd frontier. The navy consists
of II ships of the line, 9 frigates, and 60 smallei
veaaels : of theae, 4 ships of the line and37 small
er vesaeb, are on the great lakes, Tfae officers
are 34 post captains, 22 masters commandant, 202
lieutenants, and 352 raidsfaipmen,
Tfae population of the United Stales in 1790,
was 3,929,326; in 1800, 5,305,666 ; and in 1810,
7,239,903; of which nuraber, 1,191,364 were
slaves. The population increases very regularly

U N I
at the rate of about 3 percent per annum, dou-
bUng in less than 26 years. The inhabitanta con
sist of whites, negroea, and Indians, The negroea
are generally alavea, and are principally confined
to Maryland and tfae Statea south of the Potomac
and Ofaio rivers. All tfae whites are of European
origin ; principally English. Tfae New England-
crs, Virginiana, and Carolinians, are alraoat pure
ly English. Next fo the EngUsh are tfae Germans,
wfao Eire very numerous in tfae MiddleStates, par
ticularly in Pennaylvania. Next to fhe Germana
are the Dutch, who are moat numeroua in New
York. The Frencfa conatitute nesurly half the
population of Louisiana. Tfae Iriafa and Scotch
are found in the Middle Statea, iu the back parts
of Virginia, and in all tiie principal cities of the
Union. Very Uttle ia known about the Indians
west of the Missiaaippi. The 4 principal tribes
on tfae eaat of tfae Miaaissippi are tfae Creeks,
Choctaws, Cherokees, and Chickasaws. These
fribes live within the chartered Umits of Georgia,
Alabama, Missiaaippi, and Tennessee.
The principal religious denominations are Pres
byterians and Congregationalists, wfao have to
gether more tfaan 2,600 congregations; the Bap
tists, wfao have more tfasm 2,000 congregations :
the Frienda faave raore than 500societie8 ; and tfae
Episcopalisma about 300. Tfae Methodiats are al
so very numerous. The Baptists and Methodists
are found in aU parts of the United States; the
Congregationalists su-e almost whoUy in New Eng
lsrad; the Presbyterians are scattered over the
Middle and Southern Statea ; tfae Friends are moat
numerous in Pennsylvaniaand tfae adjoining Stales,
and the Epiacopaliana in New York, Connecticut,
Maryland, and Virginia. ¦ German Lutfaerans,
Gerraan Calvinists, and Moravians, are alao nu
meroua in the Middle Slates.
The United States are a federal republic. Each
of the stales is independent, and faas tfae excluaive
control of all concerns merely local ; but the de
fence of the country, the regulation of commerce,
and all the general intereats of the confederacy
are committed, by the constitution of the United
Stales, lo a general govemment The legislative
power is vested in a Congreas, consiating of a Sen
ate and Houae of Representalivea. The Senate
is compoaed of 2 members from each atate, chosen
by their legialaturea for 6 years. Tfae Represen
tatives are cfaosen by the people biennisdly, eacfa
state being entitled to a number proportioned fo
its free population, and in tfae stave-holding states
every five slavea are allowed to count the aarae as
three freemen. The President and Vice Presi
dent are chosen for 4 years, by electors appointed
for the purpose, and each State appoints as many
electors, as the whole number of it» Senators and
Repreaentativea. The salary of the President is
$25,000 per annura, of the Vice Presideat $5,000,
The principal officers in tfae executive depart
ment are tfae Secretary of State, the Secretary of
the Treasury, the Secretary of War, the Secre
tary of the Navy, the Attorney General, and the
Postraaster Genersil.
Since fhe establishraent of the present govern
ment in 1789, the growth of the United Statea in
papulation, commerce, and wealtfa faas been witfa
out a parallel in tfae hiatory of tfae world, Tfae
population in 1790, was 3,929,326; itis now about
10,000,000, In 1790, tfae value of tfae exports
waa $16,000,000; it ia now about $70,000,000,
The revenue in 1790, waa $2,410,320 ; it is now
more than ,$20,000,000. In 1790, the number of
97

V O L

769

po9t-oflices was 76, and the extent of post-roads
1,875 miles ; in 1817, the number of poat-officea
was 3,459, and fhe extent of post-roads 51,600
railes. The amount of ahipping in 1790, waa
486,090fons; in 1818, l,l65,585ton3. Portables
illustrating the stateof the commerce, population,
and resources of the United States, see Appen
dix. Unity Bay,, bay on tfae E. coast of Labrador.
Lon. 61° SO' W. Lat. 57° 8' N.
Unity, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, 30 m. N. Au
gusta, Unity, p-t Cheshire CO. N. H. 32 m. N. W. Con
cord. Pop. 1,044.
Unity, t Colurabisma co. Ofaio.
Unna, r. wfaicfa rises iu Bosnia, on the borders
of Croatia, and runa into the Save, 16 m. N. W.
Gradiaca. Unna, t. Pruaaian states, in Westphalia, 23 m.
S. Munster, 8 E. Dortmund. Lon. 7° 48' E. Lat.
S1°S3'N. Pop. 3, 150.
Unst, the most northerly of the amaller Shetland
ialands, about 8 miles long and 4 broad. Lon. 1°
6' W, Lat, 61° 7' N, Pop, 1,700,
Unterart, or Art, t. Switzerland, in Schweitz,
at tfae S, extrenuty of tfae lake of Zug, 7 ra. N,
Schweitz, Unterseen, t. SwitzerlEmd, iu Berne, 26 m, S, E.
Berne, Unsa, t Russia, in Koatrom, and capital of a
province, 92 ra. E. N. E. Koslrom. Lon. 44° 14'
E. Lat 57° SffN.
Vodina. See Edessa.
Vogel, r. Austria, wfaich runs iuto tfae Traun, 8
ra. S. W. Wela.
Vogel, small isl. in tfae E. Indian sea. Lon. 130°
46' E. Lat 5° 12' S.
Vogel Islands, cluster of amaU ialanda near the
W. coast of Siam. Lon. 98° 56'E. Lat 7° 38' N.
Vaghera, t Ssu-dinian atates, 12 ra. S. Paria, 25
S.S. W.Milan. Pop. 10,023.
Voglahruck, t Austria, on the river Vogel, 27
ra. S. S. E. Passau, 110 W. Vienna. Lon. 13° 35'
E. Lat 48° I'N.
Vogtland, circle in the S. W. psurt of the king^-
dom of Saxony, containing 700 square milea, aud
88,639 inhabitants. Plauen is tfae chieftown.
Voiron, t. France, in Isere, 10 1». N. W. Gre
noble. Pop. 4,800.
Voitsberg, or Waitssberg, t. Austria, on the Kai-
nacfa, 20 m. W. S. W. Grata, 86 S. S. W. Vienna.
Lon. 16° E. Lat 47° 4'N.
Vojussa, T. Eu. Turkey, which runs into the
Adriatic, 7 m. N. Valona.
Vakscha,^. Russia, whicfa joins the Mezen, 16
m. N. Olenakoi.
Volano, seaport, Itsdy, at the mouth of the south
ern brancfa of the Po, 23 m, E, Ferrara.
Vokana, one of the raoat conaiderable of the
Lipari islands, Ils ancient nsune was Hiera, Lon,
ISf 13'E. Lat 38° SffN,
Vokano, isl, in tfae Pacific ocean, 24 ra. N. Eg
raont island, one ofthe Queen Charlotte's islands.
Lon, 165° 4'E, Lat 10° 17' S,
Vokkach, t. Bavaria, on the Maine, II m. N. E.
Wurzburg, 12 S, Scfaweinfurt Lon, 10° 14' E.
Lat 49° 54' N, Pop, 1,740,
Volconda, t Hind, in the Carnatic, 95 m. S.
Arcot Lon, 79° 10- E, Lat 11° 10' N,
Volga, r. Russia, formed by two atrearaa, which
unite in lon, 51° 20' E, lat 56" 4ff N, Ita general
courae is first east, and tfaen south, till it falls info
tbe Csiapis^n sea by many mouths. It is more than

770

VON

3,000 raUes long, being the longest river in Eu
rope, and ia navigable to Tver near ita source.
There ia a canal connecting it with the Neva,
which opens a coraraunicalion between the Baltic
and the Caapian, and it ia supposed that 4,000 vea
sels paas through it smnually,
Valgivod, r, Rusaia, which runa into the Dnie
per, 12 ra, above Ekaterinoalav.
Volhynia, government, Ruaaia, bounded N. by
Grodno and Minsk, E. by Kiev, S. by PodoUa,
and W. by the new kingdora of Poland.
fb/isso, seaport, on, tfae W. coast of tfae ialand
of Scio. Lon, 25° 66' E, Lat, 38° 27' N,
Volken^marck, or Volkd Markt, t Auatrisra states,
on the N, aide of the Drave, 12 m, E. Clsigenfurt,
10 S, W. St, Andre, Lon, 12° 2ff E, Lat 46°
41' N,
Volkmarsen, or Valmarsheim, t. Prusaian states,
in Weatphalia, 18 ra, S, E, Paderborn, 20 E, Bri
lon. Lon, 9° 8' E, Lat 61° 2ff N, Pop, 2,100,
VoUenhoven, t, Netherlanda, in Overyssel, near
the Zuyder Zee, It is not large, but carriea on a
conaiderable trade, 31 m, W, Covorden, 28 N,
Deventer, Lon, 5° 61' E, Lat 52° 44' N,
Vollore, t. France, in Puy de Dome, 5 m, S, S.
E, Thiera, Pop, 3,330,
Volmar, t Rusaia, in Riga, 56 ra, N, N, E, Ri
ga, Lon, 25° 14' E, Lat 57° Sff N,
Volney, t. Oawego co, N, Y, on Onondaga river,
50 m, W, Rome, Pop. in 1812, SSO.
Vok, aeaport, Eu. Turkey, in 'Tfaesaaly, in a
gulf to which it givea name, 38 m, N, W, Larissa,
52 N, N, E, Livadia, Lon, 23° 12' E, Lat 39°
SffN, Vologda, city, Russia, and capital of a govern
ment, on the river . Suchoua, the see of an su'ch-
bisfaop, 330 m, S, Archangel, 308 E, Petersburg,
Lon, 40° 14' E, Lat 69° Iff N,
Vokgodskoi, government, Russia, bounded N,
by Archangel, E, by Tobolsk, S, by Perm, Viat
ka, Kostrora, and Jaroslav, and W, by Olonetz
and Novgorod, Lon, 39° to 59° E, Lat 58° 30' to
65°2ffN, Valpiana, t, Sardinian states, 9 ra, N, N, E. Tu
rin, Pop, 3,640,
Volta, t. A, Turkey, on the S, coast of NatoUa.
Lon. 27° Iff E. Lat. 36° 4ff N.
Vokk, t Rusaia, in Saratov, on the Volga, 76
m. N, E, Saratov. Lou, 47° 44' E, Lat 52° 15' N,
Volta, or Rio Volta, r. Africa, which separates
the Gold coast frora fhe Slave coaat, and runs into
the Atlantic, Lon, 0° 45' W, Lat 5° 50' N,
Voltaggio, or Ottagio, t Italy, 15 m, N, Genoa,
Volterra, t, Tuacany, formerly one of the an
cient 12 citiea, now a lonely, mean place, 29 m.
jE, S, E, Leghorn, 29 S, W, Florence, Lon, 10°
52' E. Lat 43° 2ff N, Pop, 5,000,
Voltri, t Italy, 6 ra- W. Genoa.
Volturara, or Vulturara,t. Naples, in Capita
nata, the aee of a bisfaop, 38 m. W. S. W. Man
fredonia, 63 N. E. Naplea. Lon. 15° E, Lat 41°
28' N.
VoUurru, t, Napl ea, on a river of the same name,
near ita mouth, 12 ra, W, Capua,
Volvk, t, France, in Puy de Dome, 3 m, S, W,
Riora, 6 N, N, W, Clermont, Pop, 2,082,
Voluntawn, t. Windfaam co, Ct Pop, 1,016,
Vona, t. A, Turkey, in Sivaa, 70 ra, W. Trebi
sond, Lon, 38° E, Lat, 41° 10' N,
Vonitza, t Eu, Turkey, in Albania, 62 m. N,
W, Lepanto, Lon, 21° 2' E. Lat 39° 15' N. Pop.
2,000, ^

U P H
Voom, or Ost-Voom, isl, HoUand, at the mouth
of the Meuae ; about 20 mUea long smd 5 broad,
Voord, ial. at the union of the Wahal and the
Meuae, with a fort, 9 m, N, N, E. Bois le Due, 4
S, Thiel,Varden, or Voerden, t, Gerraany, 17 m. E; N.
E, Paderborn, Lon, 9° Iff E, Lat 51° 45' N,
Varden, t Gerraany, 10 m, N. N. E, Osna
bruck, 10 S, Quackenbruck, Lon, 8" 4' E, Lat
52° 2ff N.
Voreppe, t. France, in laere, 8 m, N, N, W, Gre
noble, Pop, 4,531.
Voringen, or Stadt Voringen, t Germany, 10
m. S. E. Hohenzollern, 24 E. RothweiL Lon. 9°
15' E. Lat 48° 11' N.
Voronez, t Rusaia, and capital of a government,
at tbe conflux ofthe Voronez with fhe Don. Tfae
citsidel is, on the opposite side of the river, fur
nished with 150 pieces of csuinon, smd a large gsu--
risou. Here are docks for building vessels, large
aud sraaU, good wsirehouaea for naval atores, &c.
It ia tfae see of a bishop, aud a place of conaider
able trade." 256 m. S. Moscow, 620 S. E. Riga,
596 S. S. E. Peteraburg. Lon. 39° E. Lat 51°
36'N. Pop. l^OOO.
Voronezskoi, government, Russia, bounded N.
E, by Tambovstoie, S, aud S, E, by the country of
tfae Cossacs, N, W, by Orlovskoe, W. by Kurskoe
and Charkovakoe. Lon. 37° to 42° E. Lat 48" 50'
to 83" Iff N. Pop. 769,700.
Vortitsa, or Vastitza, t Eu. Turkey, in the Mo
rea, on the S. coastof the gulf of Lepanto, 40 m .
N.W.Corinth. Vosges, a large chain of mountaina, which givea
name to a departraent of Frsrace.
Vosges, department, France, bounded N. by
Meuae, Meurte, smd Lower Rhine, E. by Upper
and Lower Rfaine, S. by Upper Ssuine, and W,
by Upper Msu-ne. Epinal is the capital. Pop.
334,169. Voskresensk, t. Ruasia, in Moacow, 32 ra. N. W.
Moacow. Lon. 36° 44' E. Lat 56° N.
Vospor, t Ruaaia, in Tauris, 112 m. E. S. E. Pe
rekop. Lou. 36° 26' E. Lat 45° 2ff N.
Vouga, r. Portugal, which runs into the AUan
tic, 5 m. N. Aveiro.
Vouga, t Portugal, in Beira, on a river of the
same narae, 10 m. E. N. E. Aveiro, 26 N. Coim-
brsu Vouill/e, t, France, in Vienne, 8 ra.N. W, Poi
tiers, 12 N, Luaignau.
Voura, T. Eu. Turkey, which separatea Thes
saly from Albania, smd runs into tbe gulfof Arta.
Vourla, seaport, A. Turkey, iu Nafolia, on tfae
site of Clazoraene, one of fhe 12 citiea of louia,
20 ra. W. Smyrna. Lon. 26° 40' E. Lat 38° 24' N.
Vautesat, t, France, in Correze, 9 m. N. W.
Brive. Pop, 2,074.
Vouvray, t France, iu Indre and Loire, 4 m. E.
Tours, Pop, 2,100,
Vousieres, t France, in Ardennes, 5 posta S, W.
Stenay, 27 N, E, Paria, Lon. 4° 48" E. Lat. 49''
2ffN. Vas, lake, Rusaia, in Novgorod, 60 miles in cir
cumference. Lon, 38° 54' E, Lat 60° SO'N.
Vosia, t, Eu, Turkey, in Bessarabia, on the
Black sea, 26 m, W, Ocfatakov,
C^ia, r, Russia, which runs iuto the Oka, neat
Lichvin, in Kaluga.
Up-Halland, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 5 m, W-
Wigan, Upha. See Oufa.

URB
Upland, province in the old division of Swe
den, bounded N, by the gulfof Bothnia, E, by the
Baltic, S, by the Malar lake, and W, by West
mannland, Upnar Castle, fort, Eng, in Kent, on the left
bankof Medway, near Chatham.
Upper lake, lake of Ireland, in Kerry, 4 m, from
Lough Lane, with which it communicates by a
river. Upper quivre, t St, Chsu-lea co, Missouri,
Upperville, p-v, Loudon co, Va,
Uppingham, t Eng, in Rutland, 36 m, S, Not
tingham, 90 N, London, Lon, 1° 38' W, Lat 52°
36'N. Upright Bay, bay nesu- the W. extremity of the
straits of MageUan. Lon. 76° 35' W. Lat. 53°
ffS, Upsal, city, Sweden, on the river Fyris, It was
ancienUy the capital of Sweden, and the kings are
still generaUy crowned here. Here is a univer
sity, with a -valuable librsiry, sin sistrouoraical ob
servatory, a physic garden, 21 profeasors, srad up
wards of 1,000 students, Upsal ia the see of an
archbishop, 35 m, N, Stockfaolra, Lon, 17° 26'
E, Lat 59° 51' N. Pop, 4,403,
Upton, t Eng, iu Worceatershfre, on the Severn,
10 m, S, Worcester, I II W, N, W, London, Lon,
2" 7' W. Lat 52° 6' N.
Upton, t. Riahelieu and Buckingham counties.
Lower Canada, E, of Montreal,
Upton, t, Woiscester co, Maaa, 14 ra, S, E.
Worcester, 38 S. W. Boaton. Pop. 995.
Ur, in Sac. Geog. t, Meaopotaraia.
Urach, t Wurteraberg, vritfa considerable man
ufactures of damask and otfaer linens, on tfae
Rems, 21 m, S, S, E. Stuttgard, 34 W. Uhn. Lon.
9° 27' E. Lat 48° 27' N. Pop. 2,700.
Uraguay, r. South America, which risea in the
aouthern part of BrazU, and after a course of about
600 milea, joins tfae Parana, in lat 34° S. and the
auited streams take tfae name of La Plata.
Ural Mountains. See Oural.
Ural, or Jaik, r. Russia, wfaich rises in lon. 53°
44' E. lat 54° N. and runs into the Caspian sesi,
near Guriev, in lon. 52° 14' E. lat 47° 15' N.
Urakk, t Russisi, in Caucasus, on the Ural, 328
m. N. N, E, Astracan, 696 S. W, Tobolak, Lon,
51°54'E, Lat 51° 10' N,
Vrona, or Urana, t Dalraatia, on a lake to
which it givea name, anciently an important for
tress, 15 m, E, S, E, Zara,
Urbania, or Castel Durante, t. Popedom, tfae see
of a bishop, 7 m, S, S, W, Urbino,
Urbanna, formerly Four comers, v. iu PorUand,
Chatauque co. N, Y, 2 ra, frora take Erie, on the
roEid to Chatauque lake,
Urbanna, p-t Middlesex co, Va. on tfae S, aide
of tfae Rappahsmnock, 60 ra, E, N, E, Ricfamond,
Urbanna, p-t and cap, Cfaarapaign co, Ofaio, 44
m. W, Columbua, 34 N, E, Dayton, It containa
a court-faouse and jsul, a bank, a printing-oflice, a
market-house, a Methodist church, and about 120
houses. Pop. 600,
Urbino, a province of the Popedom, bounded
N, by Roraagua, N, E, by tfae Adriatic, S, E, by
Ancona, S, by the Perugiano, and W, by Tuacany
and Romagna, The air is reckoned unwhole
some, Urbino, city of the Popedom, near the head of
the Foglio, the see of Un archbiahop. The univer
aity is oue of the moat ancient in Italy. In the
cfaurchea are aeen aome paintinga of fhe celebra
ted Raphael aud Frederic Barocci, Raphael was

u s s

771

a native of Urbino, 54 m, E, Florence, 115 N.
Rorae, Lon, 12° 32' E, Lat, 43" 48' N, Pop, 8,000-
Ure, or Youre, r, Eng, in York, which, below
Boroughbridge, joina tfae Swale, and takea the
name of Ouae,
Urgel, t. Spsun, in Catalonisi, the see of a bish
op, 65 m, N, N, W, Barcelona, 60 N, E, Balbaa-
tro, Lon, I" 22' E. Lat, 42° 24' N, Pop, 3,200,
Uri, canton, Switzerland, bounded N, by
Schweitz, E. by Glaris, , S. by Italy, and W. by
Underwalden, about 60 raUes tong and 28 broad.
It consists almost every where of high mountaina,
and deep vaUies. The inhabitants are all Roman
Catholics. Altorff is the capitsd. Pop. 145,215.
Urjupf'one of the Kurile islanda, 54 miles long,
and from 8 to 16 broad, Lon, 169° E, Lat 46° 25' N,
Urkonge, or Karkanje, or Orkanje, or Urgents, t,
Aaia, and cap. of Charaam, on a branch of the Ji
hon, which runs into the. lake Aral, 320 m, W, N,
W, Saraarcand, Lon, 68° SO' E, Lat; 42° 35' N,
' Urkup, or Yerkup, t. A, Turkey, in Carsunania,
ou the Kizel-ermuk, 10 m, W, S, W, Tocat Lon,
34° IS'E. Lat 38° 37' N.
Umaschen, t,Switzerland, 5 m. S, W, Appenzel,
¦UrqiJuirt, t, Scotland, iu RosSTshire, on tfae
Frith of Cromarty, 12 ra, W, S, W, Cromsu-ty,
Urrishead, cape, Ireland, on the N, coaat of
Mayo, at the entrance of Broad Haven, Lon, 9°
4ff W, Lat 54° Iff N,
Ursel, t Germany, 18 ra, E, N, E. Mentz,
Urseren, t. S witaerland, ¦ in Uri, in a vsdley, to
which it gives name, on tfae Reuaa, 17 m, S; S, E,
Altorff. - ,
Uruguay. See Uraguay.
Uscokan, small ial. near the S. W. coast of Bor
neo. Lon. 1 16" 25' E. Lat 6" 21' N.
Usbeks, or Usbdt Tartars, Tartara wfaicfa inhabit
Kharaara and Grand Bukharia.
Usedom, ial. in tfae Baltic, separated from the
coast of Poraerania, partly by the river Peene, and
partly by the Frische Haff, SO miles long. Lon.
13° II' to 13° 68' E. Lat. 54° 15' to 64° 45' N.
Usedom, t. Prusaian States, in Pomerania, on tfae
S. W, coast of tfae bland of Usedom, on tfae bay of
the Frische Hai^ 8 m, E, Anclam, 38 N, N, W,
Old Stettin, Pop, 1,100,
Ushant, or Ouessant, (an, Uxantis,'^ isl, of tfae
Atlantic, off tfae coast of France, 10 m, from tfae
continent, and about 12 milea in circumference,
defended by a caatie, Lon, 5° W, Lat, 48° 29' N.
Pop. 700.
Ushant, or Ouessant, sraall isl. in tfae Pacific
Ocean, near tfae coast of New Guinea. Lon, 146"
33'E, Lat 11° 5' S,
Usingen0. in tfae ducfay of Nsisaau, 12 m, S, S, E,
Weilburg, 22 N, E. Mentz, Pop, 1,600,
Usk, r, Wales, which runs into the Severn, be
low Newport, in Monraouthshire,
Usk, t, Eng, in Monmouth, on the river Usk, 12
ra, S, W, Monmouth, 140 W, London, Lon, 3°
W. Lat 51° 42'N.
Uskalinmoa, araall ial. on the E. aide ofthe Gulf
of Bothnia. Lon. 21° 5' E. Lat„61° 18' N,
Uslar, t, Hanover, 17 ra, W, N. W, Gottingen,
Pop, 1,550,
Usman, t, Ruasia, in Tarabov, on. a river ofthe
same name, 40 ra, S, W, Tambov, Lon. 40° 24' E,
Lat 52° ffN, Pop. 2,490.
Ussel, t France, in Correze, 32 m. E. N. E.
Uzerchea, 30 N. E. TuUe. Lon. 2° 23' E. Lat 46°
33'N. Pop. 3,036.
Usses, r. France, which runs into the Rhone,
near Seissel.

772

WAR

Ustaritt, t. France, in Lower Pyrenees, 48 m. W,
Pau, 6 S. Bayonne. Lon. 1° 2ff W, Lat 43" 2ff N,
Ustio, t Russia, in Moldavia, on the Dniester,
88 m, E, Jaaay,
Ustica, small isl, in the Mediterranean, 25 m,
frora the coaat of Sicily, Lon, 13" 36' E, Lat 38°
44' N,
Ustiua, t. Rusaia, in Vologda, ou the Dwina, at
the couflux of the Suchona and the Jug, the aee of
an archbiahop, 200 ra, N, N, W, Viatka, 464 E,
Peteraburg, Lon, 45° 40' E, Lat 60° 66' N, Pop.
8,933. Ustiwma, t Russisi, in Novgorod, on the river
Mologa, 144 m. E. Novgorod, Pop. 2,586,
Uswarth, t, Eng, in Durham co, 11 ra, N, Dur
ham, Utawas. See Ottawa,
Utica,:a flourishing incorporated post-village of
N, Y, the commercial capital of tfae Great West
ern District of tfae atate, aituated on the S. bank of
the Mohawk, on the aide of old Fort Scfauyler, 15
ra, N, E, Rome, 93 W, N, W, Albany. It ia hand
somely laid out in streets and squares, and in 1 813,
contained 300 houses aUd stores, with a population
of 1,700, wfaicfa faas since considerably increased.
It containa 6 houses of public worship ; 1 for Pres
byterians, 1 for Epiacopalians, 1 for Scotch Pres
byterians, 1 for Methodists, and 1 for Baptists; siu
academy, 4 printing officea, and 2 banks, 'This
village ia the central point where aU the principal
turnpikes from various parts of the state unite,
and it forms the key of trade and travel between a
large aection of the weatern country and the At-
Ismtic ports. The Erie cansd passes through it
aud will add to its importance, Lat 43" 6' N,
Lon, 76° IffW.
Utica, t, Jefferson co. Ken, on the Ohio, opposite
tfae mouth of Harrod's creek, 8 m, N, LouisviUe^
Utiel, f , Spain, in New Castile, 48 ra, S, E, Cu-
encai Pop. 4,000, .
Utik, isl, in the Gulfof Honduraa, 30 ra, from
the coast, 15 miles long, and 5 broad, Lon. 87°
4ffW.Lat 16°4'N.
Uton, isl. Dear the E. coast of Sweden, in the-
Balfic. Lon. 18° 5' E. Lat, 58° 57' N,
Utrecht, province, Netherlands, wfaich borders
for a little distance on the Zuyder Zee, but on sdl
other sidea ia environed by HoUand and Guelder
land ; it enjoys a good air, and in raoat parts the
aoil is very fruitful. Pop, 108,000,

W A C
Utrekht, city, Netherlands, and cap, of the above
province, is a handaorae, large, and rich city, on
the ancient Rhine, It is about 4 railea in circum
ference, and ia fortified, but ia not afrong, Tfae
height of the lower of the cathedral ia 380 feet,
and from the top in a clear day, 15 or 16 citiea
may be aeen. The principal afreets su-e cut
through with canals. The houaes are of brick,
and many of thera atately, Tfae university is very
famous suid attracta a great number of foreignera.
The town is faraous for the treaty of union, signed
in 1579, between the Seven Provinces, which laid
the foundation of tfae republic ; as Ukewise for the
treaty of peace, signed faere in 1713, between
France and tfae Grand AUiea. 18 ra. S. S. E.
Araaterdara. Lon. 5° 11' E. Lat 52° 6' N. Pop.
32 294.
Utrecht, t. Kings co. N. Y. at the W. end of
Long Island opposite Staten Island, 10 m. S. New-
York. Pop. 907.
Utrera, t Spain, in SeviUe, 21 ra. S. SeviUe.
Pop, 6,000,
i/tschenya, cape on the N. coast of Nova Zem
bla. Lon, 67° 24' E, Lat. 77° 2ff N.
Uttaxeter, or Ukesler, t Eng. in Stafford co. 17
in, N. Litchfield, 136 N. W. Londou. Lon. 1° 52'
W. Lat 52° 54' N. Pop. 3,765.
Utsnach, t. Switzerland, 23 m. S. E, Zurich.
Lou. 8° 6ff E. Lat. 47° ff N.
Uvelen, isl. Russia, in fhe Frozen Sea, 12 m. N.
Cape Tcfaukotskoi. Lon. 188°44'E.Lat66°25'N.
Uwchland, t Cfaester co. Pa.
Uxbridge, t Eng. in Middlesex, near tfae Colne,
8 m. W. Windsor, 15 W. London. Lon. 0° 27'
W. Lat 61° 34' N. Pop. 2,411.
Uxbridge, t. York co. Upper Canada, N. E-of
York. Uxbridge, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 19 m. S.
Worcester, 40 S. W. Boston. Pop. 1,404.
Uzd, t. France, in North Coasts, 6 m. N. N. W.
Loudeac, 13 S. Sl. Brieuc. Pop. 6,711.
Uzerche, t. France, in Correze, 13 m, N. W.
Tulle, 27 S, W, Limoges. Lon. 1° 39' E. Lat 45°
25'N. Uzes, t Frsmce, in Gard. Near it ii a medi
cinal spring, 12 m. N. Nismes, 18 W. Avignon.
Lon 4" 30' E. Lat 44° I' N. Pop. 6,069.
Uzette, t France, in Gfronde, 6 m. W. Bazaa,
27 S. S. W. Bourdeaux,

w.

"WAActtHAVmii, t duchy of Bremen, on a
moor, near the river Hamme, 12 m, N. Bremen,
Waag, or Vag, r, Hungary, whicfa risea in the
N, part, and runs into the Danube, 6 m. below
Comom, Wabash, r. Indiana, which riaea in the N, E,
part of fhe state, and flowing in a southwesterly
direction, falla into the Ohio 30 milea above tfae
mouth of tfae Cumberland, For the last half of
ita course it is tfae boundary between Indiana and
lUinois, ll is more tfaan 500 milea long, and ia
navigable for keel boata 400 miles, to Ouitanon,
¦where there are rapida. Above the rapids amalL
boats can ascend nearly to its source. The cur

rent is generaUy gentie above Vincennes ; below
tfaat fown tfaere are several rapids, bul not of suf
ficient magnitude to prevent boats frora ascending,
Wabash, Little, r. Indiana, wfaicfa runs into the
Wabaah, a few railea from Ohio river,
Wabercliance, See Wagousinche,
Wachenheim, t Bavaria, in the circle of the
Rhine, 16 ra, W, Manheim, 31 E, Deux Ponta,
Lon, 8° 12' E, Lat, 49° 25' N,
Wachitta, or Washita, or Ouachitta, r, which
riaes in Arkansaw Territory iu lon, 95° 30' W. and
lat, 34° N, smd pursuing an easterly course of about
200 miles receives Hot Spring creek from the N.,
E, It then turns to the south, and after a course

WAH
of several hundred miles, faUs iuto Red river 23
milea from its mouth. For the laat 30 miles of its
course it hsis the narae of Black river, Tfae Hot
Springs, a few miles from tfae banks of this riverj
in 34° 30' N, lat, are very celebrated in tfae cure of
several diaeases. The accommodations are miser.-
able, the counfry being almost a wilderness, yet
tfaere are frequently 200 or 300 persons collected
here, some from a diatance of 1,000 mUea,
Wachovia, in N, C, a tract of land of 100,000
acrea, extending frora tfae Yadkin to Haw and
Deep rivers, and occupied by Moraviana, Cfaief
places, Salem, Bethabsu-a, and Bethany,
Wachtendonk, t. Gerraany, on the Niers, 22 m,
N, W, Dusseldorf, 7 N. E. Venlo,
Wachlersbach, or Waeetersbach, t, Hesae-Cassel,
15 ra. E. N. E. Hanau, 44 E. Mentz. Lon, 6° 14'
E, Lat 61° 26' N. Pop, 820.
Wachusett, mountain in Princeton, Maaa. up
wards of 2,000 feet above the level of the aea.
Wadan, or Zola, t. Fezzan, in the road from
TripoU to Mourzouk, 160 m. N, Mourzouk, 140
S. S. E, Tripoli, Lon, 15° 12' E, Lat 29° 5ff N,
Wodden, cfaannel of fhe German Sea, between
the island of Ameland, smd tfae cosist of Friesland.
Waddo, t Sweden, in Upland, on a creek, wfaich
comraunicates vrith Aland's Haff, 15 ra. N. Nor-
telge. Lon. 18° 4ff E. Lat. 60" N.
Wade's Point, cape on the coast of N. Caroli
na. Lon. 76" 20' W. Lat 36° 7' N.
Wadenschweil, t. Switzerland, 9 m. S. Zurich.
Pop. 3,500.
Wadero, isl. near the W. cosist of Sweden, in the
NorUi Sea. Lon, 12° 30' E, Lat 66° 24' N,
Wadesborough, p-t. and cap. Anson co. N. C. 76
m. W. Fayetteville, SO E. SaUsbury. If con
taina a court-house and jail, and about 30 housea.
Wadey, country of Africsi, W. of f)arfur,
Wadham Islands, amsdl islsmds, near the N, E, of
Newfoundland, Lon, 53° 37' W, Lat, 49° 57' N.
Wadmelaw. See John's island, S, C.
Wadstena, t. Sweden, in East Gothland, on the
Wetter Lake, 20 m, W, Linkioping, Lon, 14° 59'
E, Lat, 68° 25' N,
Wadworth, t Eng, in Yorkshire, 5 m, N, W,
Halifax, Wageningen, t Netfaerlands, on tfae N, side of
the river Leek, 7 m, W, Arnheim, 24 E, S, E,
Utrecht Wager^s Straits, or River, r. N. America, whicfa
empties itself into Hudson's Bay, Lou, 87° W;
Lat 65° 8' N,
Wi^on, small ial, on the W, side of the Gulfof
Bothnia, Lon, 13° 38' E, Lat 63° 12' N,
Wagousinche, Paint, the N, extreraity of fhe
peninaula of Michigan, 22 ra, W, Michillimacki
nac, Wagstadt, or Bilawes, t. Sileaia, 24 ra, W, Tes
chen, 12 S, S, E, Troppau, Lon, 18° E, Lat, 49"
2ffN. Wag ter, Nord, small isl. in the Gulf of Tonquin,
near the coast of China, Lon, 109° 30' E, Lat 21°
Iff N,
Wagler Zuyd, small ial, in the Cfainese Sea,
near tfae coast of Cochin China, Lon, 106° 34' E:
Lat 17° IffN,
Wahabees, a warlike religious sect which sprung
up in Syria, about tfae middle of tfae last century.
They now occupy alraost all the interior of Ara-
bisi^ and at one period were in possession of Mec
ca, and Medina, whicfa citiea they aacked, and de
stroyed the tomb of Mahomet. Theae cities were
retaken in the year 1813, by the Pasha of Egypt,

W A L

773

but with aU his efforts, and thoae of the Turkiah
emperor, the Wahabees reraain unaubdued.
Wahal, r. whicfa branchea off frora the Rhine at
Schencken, joina tfae Meuae first at tfae small ial
and of Voorn, aeparatea from tfaat river, and waah-
cs the north side of the island of Bommel-nraert,
and joina the Meuse again at Worcum, wfaen both
rivera form one streara, sometimes called Merwe,
and sometiraes Meuse.
Wahlstadt, i. e. The Field af Bottle, t Sileaia, 5
m. S. E. Lignitz.
Wahrberg, caatle, Bavaria, 18 m. N. Dunckels-
bufal, 8 W. S. W. Anspacfa.
Wahren, or Woaren, t. Mecklenburg-Schwerin,
near the Lake of CsJpin, 22 ra. S. E. Gustrow, 21
N. W. StreUtz. Lon. 12° Sff E. Lat. 53° Sff N.
Pop. 3,800.
Wahrenbruck, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, 2
m. N, N. W. Liebenwerda, 14 E. "Torgau. Pop.
680. Wahrien, t Mecklenburg, 14 m. N. E. Schwe
rin, 17 W. Gustrow. Lon. 11° Sff E.Lat 63" 60'N.
Waiblingen, t. Wurlemberg, 7 ra, E, N, E,
Stuttgart, 8 W, Nordlingen, Lon, 9° 25' E, Lat
48°5ffN, Pop, 2,600,
Waidhoven, t Lower Auatria, on the Ipa, 66 ra,
W. S, W, Vienna, Lon, 14° 4ff E. Lat, 47° 54' N,
Pop, 3,620,
Waidhoven, or Bahmisch Waidhoven, t. Auatria,
ou the Taya, 40 ra. W, Laab, 66 N, W, Vienna,
Lon, 15° E, Lat 48° 48' N,
Wairifleet, t Eng, in Lincolnahire, on a creek of
tfae German Sea, 15 m, N. E, Boaton, 130 N. E,
London. Lon, 0° 18' W, Lat 53° 5' N,
Wairifleet, t, Lincoln qo. Upper Cansida, on
Lsike Erie.
Waiora, t. Africa, in Kaarta. Lon. 6° 10' W.
Lat 14°4ffN.
Waitzen, or Voitz, t. Hungary, on the Danube ;
the aee of a biahop, 72 m. E. S. E. Presburg, 100
E. S. E. Vienna. Lon. 18° 38' E. Lat 47° 2ff N.
Pop. 8,000.
Waitzenkirch, t. Austria, 4 ra. W. N, W, Effer
ding, Waitsfield, p-t, Washington co Vt, 11 m, S, W.
MontpeUer, Pop, 647,
WaiVs river, Vt which runs info the Connecti
cut at Bradford,
Wokori, small ial, on the E, side of tfae Gulf of
Bothnia, Lon, 20" 47' E, Lat 60° 51' N,
Wakatamika, r, Ohio, wfaich joins tfae Musk
ingum, 13 ra, above Zaneaville,
Wake, inlaud co, of N, C, Pop, 17,585, includ
ing 5,878 slavea. Chief to-wn, Raleigh,
Wakefield,lt. Eng. in Yorkahire, on the Calder.
Great quantities of woollen cloth are raanufaclur
ed in the town and neigfaborfaood, 8 m. S, Leeds,
184 N, London, Lon, 1" Sff W, Lat 53° 4ff N,
Pop, 8,131,
Wakefield, p-t, Strafford co, N, H. 35 m, N,
Portsmouth. Pop. 1,166.
Wakefield, Lower, t Buck's co. Pa. Pop. 1,089.
Wakefield, Upper, t Buck's co. Pa. Pop. 1,271.
Wakkamaw, r. whicfa rises in a lake ofthe sarae
narae in N. Carolina, and flowing a southerly
course 70 or 80 railes, empties into Winyaw bay
at Georgetown, S. C-
Wakua, small isl, on the E, side of the Gulfof
Bothnia. Lon, 21° Iff E. Lat, 60° 45' N,
Walachia, province, Eu, Turkey, bounded N,
by Moldavia, and Transylvania, E, by Bessarabia,
S. by Bulgaria, and W, by the bannat of Temes
var and 'Transylvania, Extent 24,658 sq, miles.

774

W A L

W A L

Population, 960,000, The air ia temperate, the
soil very fruitful, particularly in grain, wine, and
melons ; graziery here, too, ia very considerable ;
but its principal reputation is for exceUent horaea.
The inhabitants are principally of the Greek re
ligion, but there are many Msdiometans inter
mixed, Walbeek, t, Germany, 24 ra, S, Halberatadt,
Wakheren, ial, Netherlanda, about 13 railes frora
N, fo S, and 8 frora E, to W, ; situated in the Ger
man Sea, at the mouth of the Scheld, Middle
burg ia the capital, Lon. 3" 29' E. Lat 51° 34' ^.
Walcour,.t, Netherlands, on the Heure, 21 ra,
W, S. W, Namur, 9 S, Charteroy,
Wttid, t, Germany, 4 m, N, W. SoUngen, 9 E, S,
E, Dusseldorp,
Waldau, t, Sileaia, 3 m. N, W, Lignitz,
Woldaiw, t. Prussia, 8 m. E, Konigaberg,
Waldburg, t and castle, Germsmy, in Wur
temburg, whicfa gives narae to a county, between
tfae Iller and the Dsmube, 7 ra, N, Wangen, 35 S,
S.W.Uhn. ?^ffl/rfecft, principality, Germany, forraed in 1815,
out of the former counties of Waldeck and Pyr
mont It contsdns 476 square miles, 51,877 in
habitants, and faas a revenue of 40,000/. See
Waldeck county and Pyrmont.
Waldeck, formerly a county of Gerraany, bound
ed N, by the bisfaopric of Paderborn, E. by Hesse,
S. by Hesse, and W. by tfae dutcfay of WeatphaUa.
Jt Uea between 51° and 61" 25' N. lat. and between
8° Sff and 9° Iff E. lon. The nuraber of sq. railes
i? 440, and the population 47,500.
Waldeck, t Gerraany, in the principaUty of
Waldeck, 18 m, W, S, W, Cassel, 80 E, Cologn.
Lon, 9° 2' E, Lat, 51° Iff N, Pop, 1,000,
Waldeck, (Hohen,) t Bavaria, 30 m, S, S, E,
Municfa, 2'? S, Wasserburg.
Walden. See Saffron Walden.
Walden, p-t, Caledonta co, Vt 22 m, N. E,
MontpeUer, Pop. 455,
Walden's Island, small ial, in the North sea,
Lon, 18° Iff E.Lat 80° S7' N.
Waldenburg, t. Wurteraburg, 6 ra. E. Ohrin
gen. Waldenburg, t. Saxony, on the Mulda. The
old town of Waldenburg, whicfa lies on the other
side of the Mulda, is famous for ita earthen ware.
44 m. W. Dresden, 9 N. Zwickau. Lon. 12° 21'
E. Lat. 50° 4ff N. Pop. 3,400.
Waldenburg, t. Switz. in Bale, 15 ra. S. Bale, 15
N. E. Soleure.
Waldenburg, or Wolknburg, t Silesia, 8 m. S.
W. Schweidnitz, 18 S. Jauer. Lon. 16° ff E. Lat
50° SffN, Pop, 1,800.
Waldenses, a people infaabiting tfae vallies of
Piedmont, who endured most dreadful persecu
tions during the dark ages of fhe Cfaurch on ac
count of their attachraent to Christianity, In
1814, they were about 17,000 in number,
Waldheim, t. Saxony, on tho Zsohopa, 25 ra, S,
E, Leipsic, 28 W, Dresden, Lon, 12° 51' E, Lat
51° 4'N, Pop, 1,600,
Waldkirch,t. Baden, on the Elsacfa, 6 m, N. Fri
burg, SO S, S, E, Strasburg, Lon, 8" E, Lat 48°
7'N, Pop, 2,033,
Waldmunchen, t. Bavaria, 30 m. N, E, Ratis
bon, 28 E. S, E, Amberg. Pop, 1,144,
Woldoboraugh, p-t, and port of enfry, Lincoln
CO. Maine, 22 ra, N, E, Wiscaaset, 180 N, E, Bos
ton. Pop, 2,160, Araount of shipping in 1816,
19,882 tons,
Waldsaxen, or Waldsach, t. Bavaria, formerly

imperial, 4 m, S, S, W, Egra, 25 E, Bayreuth.
Pop, 1,100,
Woldshut, t. Baden, on the Rhine, 19 m, W.
Schaffhausen, 26 E, Bale, Pop, 1,023,
Woldstader See, or Loke of Lucern, or Lake af
the four Cantons,one ofthe largest lakes of Swif-
zerland, extending from Lucem to AltorC^ 20
miles, Theriver Reusa paaaes through it
Walen, (El,) t Africa, in Twat, 115 ra, W, Ga
damis. Lon. 3° Sff E. Lat 22° 15' N,
Wales, (Principality of,) country, constituting
a part of Great Britain, bounded N, and W, by
the Irish sea, E, by England, and S, by the Sev
ern and tfae Bristol channel ; about 150 miles
from N, to S, and from 50 to 80 broad. Extent,
8,125 aquare miles. The country is mountainous,
but not barren, producing all the neceasaries of
life ; the air ia good, tfae cattle and sheep are nu
merous, bul small. In the mountains are found-
ores of various metals, free atone, limeatone, aud
coal. Pop, 632,600, The eldest aon of the king
of England ia always created prince of Wales,
Wales, (JVew,) a name sometimea given to a
part of Nortfa AmericE^ situated to tfae S, E, andS,
Wi of Hudson's Bay, and divided into Nortfa and
Soutfa, Woks, New South, See New South Wales.
Wales, I. Lincoln co, Maine, 26 ra, N, W, Wis-
CEisset Pop, 471.
Wales, t. Niagara co, N, Y,
Wakt, city of AfricEi, aud cap. of Beeroo, 250
m, W, Torabuctou. Lon, 2° 4ff W. Lat 15°
4ff N,
Wolfard, t. Grenville co. Upper Canada.
Walgrund, isl. in tfae gulf of Bothnisi, and oneof
tfae Quarken Islands, 10 miles long. Lon. 20' 58'
E. Lat 63° IffN.
Walhausen, t Swisserland, 10 ra. W. Lucerne.
Walkenried, t Germany, in the duchy of Bruns
wick, 8 m. N. W. Nordhausen, 44 N. ,N, W, E^
furf. Walker, p-t Cenfre co. Pa, Pop, 553,
Walker's Key, one ofthe small Bahama Islands.
Lon. 78° 54' W. Lat 26°5ff N.
Walker's Cove, hsirbour on the N. W. coastof
America, in Behm's canal. Lon. 229° 2ff E, Lat
65° 42'N.
Walkertown, p-t. King and Queen co, Va, on
tfae Mattapony, 120 m, fi-om Wasfaington,
Wallabout, or WaUabaght, the N, E, part of
Brooklyn, on Long Island, N, Y- It is the site of
a navy yard of the U, States, Here are deposited
tfae remains of about 10,000 prisonera of war, who
perisfaed on board the Jersey, a Britisfa prison-ship
stationed at thia place,
Wallace 7\)wn, t Scotiand, in Ayrshire, 3 m- N.
E. Ayr,
WdUasea, ial, in the Gerraan sea, on tfae coast
of Essex, at tfae raoutfas of tfae Coin and Black Wa
ter, Lon, 0° 4ff E, Lat 61" Sff N.
Wallenburg, or Walenburg, t Swiaserland, in
Bale, 12 ra, S, Bale, 15 E, N. E, Soleure,
WaUenstadt, t Swisaerlsrad, near tfae east end
of WaUenatadt Lake, It is a great thoroughfare
for gooda to sind frora Italy, 35 m, E, S, E, Zu
ricfa, 8 W, Sargana,
Walknstadt, lake, Swisserland, 9 m, S, Ufz-
nach. WoUerstein, t, Germany, witfa a casUe, 4 m. N,
Nordlingen, 6 S, W, Oettingen,
WaUingford, t Eng, in Berkafaire, on the
Thames, It sends two members to parUament,

W A L

WAN

775

and has two markets weekly, 12 in, S, S, E, Ox
ford, 46 W, London, Lon, 1° 7' W, Lat, 51°
3ff N,
WaUingford, p-t Rutland co, Vt 25 ra, W,
Windsor, Pop, 1,386,
WaUingford, p-t New-Haven co. Ct 13 ra, N.
E, New-Haven, 23 S, W, Hartford. Pop, 2,326,
It containa an academy, and 6 churches, 2 for
CongregationaUsta, and 1 each for Baptiata, Epia
copaliana and Methodists,
WdUis's Bay or Harbour, bay in the atrauts of
MageUstn, 12 ra, N. E, Cape Forwsird,
WaUis's Island, araaU ial, near tfae S, E, coast of
New Ireland, at tfae entrance' of Gower's Harbor,
9 ra. N. W. Cape St George,
Wallis's Island, in the South Pacific ocean, sur
rounded by a reef of rocks, Lon, 177° W. Lat
13° 18' S,
Wallishofen, v. Swisserland, 1 m, S, W, Zu
rich. WaWdll, r. which rises in Newr Jersey, and af
ter a course of 80 miles, joins the Hudson, at
Kingston, N.Y.
WalUall, p-t Orange co. N. Y. 20 m.W. New
burg, 118 from Albany. Pop. 4,213.
Walke, t Africa, on the Ivory coast. Lon. 4°
Sff W. Lata" 2ffN.
Wallsey, one of tfae Sfaetland lalands. Lon. 1° 6'
W. Lat 60° 35' N.
WalVs End, t Eng. in Northumberland, faraous
for its coUieries. 5 m. E. N. E. Newcastle.
Walmersley, t Eug. in Lancaahire, 4 m. N. Bol
ton. Walney, narrow isl. in the Iriah sea, separated
from the coast of Lsincashire, by a narrow chsmnel.
Lon. S° Iff W. Lat 54° 3' N,
Walnut, t. Fairfield co. Ofaio, 12 m. N. E. Lan
caster. Walnut, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, on the Scioto, 7
m. above CircleviUe.
Walnut, t. Gallia co. Ohio, 11 m. S. Gallipolia.
Walnut branch, p-v. Faquier co. Va.
Walnut, Big, r. Ohio, which runa into the Scio
to, 10 m. below Columbus.
Walnut creek, r. Cattaraugus co. N. Y. which
runa into Lake Erie.
Walnut creek, r. Ofaio, wfaich runa into the E.
aide of tfae Scioto, 6 m. above CircleviUe.
Walnut Grove, p-v. Mercer co. Ken.
Walnut hill, p-v, Greenville co. S, C,
Walnut hills, p-v, and fort, Warren co, Miasis
sippi, on Mississippi river, 12 ra, below the Yazoo,
134 above Natchez,
Walpaeh, t Sussex co, N.J, on Delaware river,
50ra.N,W. New Brunswick, Pop, 591,
Wolpo, or Wolpon, t. Sclavonia, on a river
which runs into the Drave, defended by an an
cient castle, 20 ra. N, W, Eszek.
Walpole, t Norfolk co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Erie, Walpole, p-t. Cheahire co, N, H, on Connecti
cut river, at Bellowa Falla, 11 m, S, ChEtfleatown,
12 N, W, Keene, Pop, 1,894,
Walpole, t. Norfolk co, Maaa, 20 m, S, W, Bos
ton, Pop, 1,098,
WaUall, t Eng, in Staffordafaire, aituated on a
smallriver, called Walsall Water, which aoon af
ter runa intothe Tame. Itfaaa manufactures, chief
ly of buckles, bridle-bita, stirrups, other articles
for aaddlera', and hardware in general. 10 m. N.
N, W, Birraingham, 126 N. N, W, London, Lon,
1° 58' W, Lat 62° 34' N. Pop, 11,189,
Walsham, or North Walshcm, t. Eng, in Nor

folk, 14 m, N, N, E, Norwich, 123 N, N, E, Lon
don, Lon, 1° aff E, Lat, 52° 49' N,
Walsingham, (New, or Great,) t. Eng. in Nor
folk CO. 22 m, N, E, Lynn, 116 N, N, E, London,
Lon, 0° 53' E, Lat 52° 63' N,
Walsingham, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada, on
Lake Erie,
Walsingham, Cope, on the E, coast of N, Araer
ica, at the N, side of the entrance into Curaber
land straits, Lon. 66° W, Lat. 64° 10' N,
Walsingham, Cape, at the S, E, extreraity of
Hsde island, at tfae entrance of Frobisher's atraita.
Lon. 64" 5ff W. Lat 62° 6ff N.
Wolsrode, i. e. Wok's Cross, t. Germany, 3 m,
N, W, Zell, 36 S, W, Luneburg, Lon, 9° 35' E,
Lat, 52° 54' N. Pop, 2,237,
WolUrihausen, t, Germany, in Saxe-Gotha, 4
m, S. S, W, Gotha, 13 S, E, Eiaenach, Lon, 10"
38' E, Lat, 50° 5ff N, Pop, 3,000,
Waltham Abbey, t Eng, in Eaaex, on the river
Lee, which aeparatea it from Waltham crosa, 12
m, N, London,
Waltham on the Wold, t. Eng, in Leiceaferafaire,
18 m, S, E, Nollingfaara, 110 N, London, Lon, 0°
4ff W, Lat 62°.5ff N,
Waltham, (West,) or Waltham Cross, t. Eng, on
the W, aide of the river Lee, partly in Middlesex
and Hertfordsfaire, 11 m, N, London, 10 S, Ware,
Waltham, t. Addison co, Vf , on Otter creek, 30
m, S, Burlington, Pop. 244.
Waltham, p-t, Middlesex co. Mass, on Cfaarle-?
river, II ra, W, N, W, Boston, Pop, 1,014, It
contains several extensive manufacturing estab
lisfaments, including 1 woollen and 2 cotton man
ufactories, Waltham, (Great,) t Eng, in Essex, 4 m, N, E,
Chelmsford, Walthamstow, v. Eng, in Eaaex, 6 m, N, N, E.
London. Walton upon Thames, t. Eng, in Surry, on the
Thamea, 18 m, W, S, W, London.
Walton, t Eng. in Derbyahire, 3 ra. S. W. Ches
terfield. Walton le Dale, t. Eng. in Lancaahire, 7 m. W.
Blackburn. Walton, V. Eng. in Glocealer, 1 ra. E. Tewkes
bury. Walton, p-t. Delaware co, N. Y, 15 ra, S, W.
Delhi, 86 from Albany. Pop. 1,311,
Walton, CO, Geo, Pop, 1,026, including 60
alavea, Waltungi, small isl, on the E, side of the gulfof
Bothnia, Lon. 25° E. Lat. 66° 34' N,
Wamar, small isl, in the E, Indian sea, near the
W, coast of Atfoo. Lon, 134° 57' E. Lat 6° Sff S,
Wampool, or Wampul, i-, Eng, in Curaberland,
whicfa runs into the Eden, at ita raouth.
Wompu, t, China, on the river between Macao
and Canton, where veasels of different nations lie
to take in their lading, not being allowed to go up
higfaeri 7 ra, S, Canton,
Wonasquiatucket, r. R, laland, wfaich runs into
Pro-ridence river, above Providence,
Wanda, t, Algiers, iu Tremecen, 25 m, E. N,E,
Fez, Wandipaur, t. Bootan, defended by a citadel,
and- considered as a place of great atrengtfa. 15
m, E, Tasaasudon. Lon, 89° 47' E, Lat, 27° 60' N.
Wandiwash, t. Hind, in the Camatic, 38 m. N.
N, W, Pondicherry, 27 S, S, E, Arcot Lon, 79°
46° E, Lat,.' 12" 31' N,
Wandle, r, Eng. in Surry, wfaich runa into the
Tharaes, below Wandsworth.
Wanda, r. Charleston district, S. C, which runs

776

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WAR

into Cooper's river a few miles above Charles
ton, Wandsworth, v. Eng, in Surry, on the Wandle,
6 m, S. W, London,
Wanfried, t Germany, in Hesse-Caasel, on the
Werra, 13 m, W, Mulhauaen, 30 S. S, E, Cassel.
Lon, 10° 14' E, Lat 51° 12' N, Pop, 1,700.
Wangara, or Gudgara, country, Africa, water
ed by the Niger, which passes through it from W.
to E. It is aubject to Bornou, which Uea to the
north. Wangen, t Switz, in Berne, 20 m, S, Berne,
Wangen, f, Germany, in Wurtemburg, on the
Argen, lately imperial, 22 ra, W, Kempten, 12
E, S, £, Ravensburg, Lon, 10° 5ff E, Lat 47°
43' N, Pop, 1,800.
Wangeroeg, ial. in the German ocean, 12 milea
in circumference, 4 m. from the coaat of Friealand.
Lon. 7° 46' E. Lat 63° 44' N.
Wangwell, srasdl isl. in tfae Pacific ocean, near
tfae S. coaat of Waygoo. Lon. 131° 36' E. Lat 0°
23' S.
Women, t. SUeaia, 10 m. S. S. W. Ohlau, IIS.
W, Brieg, Pop, 800,
Wantage, t Eng, in Berkshire, 13 ra, S, S, W,
Oxford, 60 W, London, Lon, 1° 21' W, Lat 51"
SffN, Wantage, t. Suasex co, N, J, 15 m, N, Newtown.
Pop, 2,969,
Wantzenau, t France, in Lower Rhine, 6 ra. N,
Strasburg, Wanzkben, t, Prussian States, in Saxony, 10 ra,
W.S.W, Magdeburg, Pop, 2,100,
, Wapokanetta, Indian town, Ohio, on the Aug-
Isiize. Wopattoo island, in Columbia river, at the con
fluence ofthe Multnomah. It is 20 miles long and
10 broad.
Wappinger's creek, r. N. Y. which runs into fhe
Hudson, 8 m. below Pougfakeepsie.
Wappinger's creek, p-v. Dutcfaesa co. N. Y.
Wappo, t. Africa, on the Grain coast. Lon. 8°
20'W,Lat4°6ffN, Wappocomo, r. Va. wfaicfa runa into the Poto
mac, 9 ra, E, S, E. Fort Cuinberland,
Wapuwagon Islands, islands near the coast of
Labrador, Lon, 60° 14' W, Lat 50° 2' N,
Wara, city, Africa, cap, of Bergoo, 35 ra, S, S,
E, Bornou. Lon, 25° 30' E, Lat, 15° 30' N,
Warang, or Formosa, small isl, near the coast of
Guinea, Lon, 1 6° 2ff W, Lat 1 1° 2ff N.
Warangok, t. Hind, in Golconda, 45 m. N,N, E,
Hydrabad, 220 E, Viaiapour, Lon, 79° 15' E,
Lat 17° 55'N,
Warberg, or Warburg, t, Prusaian States, in
Weatphalia, It was formerly iraperial, and one
of tfae Hanse towns, 16 m, S. S. E, Paderborn.
Lon, 9" 11' E, Lat. 51° 37' N, Pop, 2,300,
Warberg, s-p, Sweden, witfa a faarbour on the
Northaea, wfaich at preaent has only depth enougfa
for sraaU veaaela. It carriea on considerable trade.
32 m, N. N, W, Halmat-ddt, 34 S, Gothebors;.
Lon, 12° 4'E, Lat 57° 7'N,
Ward, r. Denmark, in Nortfa JuUand, which
runa into the North aea, 15 m. N, N, W. Ripen.
iVard, t. Worcester co. Mass, 7 m, S, Worces
ter, 45 W, S, W, Boston, Pop, 5fO,
Wardan, or Ras Wordan, cape on the coast of
Arabi-i, in tho Rod sea, 5 m, S, Mastura,
Wardbridge, t, Eng, in ComwaU, on the Alan,
5 Ul. N, N, E, Bodmin, 241 W, S, W, London,
Lon. 4"4ffW, Lat 60° 33'N,

Worde, or Farde, t. Denmark, in North Jutland,
on fhe river Ward, 18 ra. N, Ripen, Loa, 8° 28'
E, Lat, 56° Sff N,
Wordein Gros, t Hungary, Ou the river Koros,
surrounded by good fortificationa; fhe aee ofa
bishop. The adjoining fortreas is a regulstr penta
gon, well fortified, beaides a deep and broad moat.
Pop, 4,000. 66 ra, N, Teraesvar, 54 W, Colosvar.
Lon, 21° 32' E, Lat 46° 63' N,
Warden Ledge, rocky shoal on the W, coast of
the isle of Wight Lon, 1° 23' W, Lat 50° 41' N,
Wordhus, or Wardhuys, or Vordhuys, t Nor
wegian Lapland, and chief place of a government,
defended by a castie, Lon. 30° 28' E, Lat 70°
16'N. Wardo, small isl, in the Baltic, E, of Aland,
Lon, 20" 12' E, Lat, 60° 15* N,
Wardour Castk, an ancient casUe of England,
in Wiltshire, 18 ra, W, Salisbury,
Wardsborough, p-t Windham co, Vt 38 m, S,
Windsor, Pop, 2,053.
Wardsbridge, p-v. Orange co. N. Y.
WardweU, p-v. Jefferson co. N. Y.
Ware, t. Eng. in Herts, on tfae E. side of the
river Lea ; a fown of very considerable trside, es
pecially in raalt, of whicfa it is asiid 6,000 quarters
have been soraetimes aent in one week fo London
by tfae bargea. 3 m. E. Hertford, 21 N. London.
Lat 51° 49' N. Pop. 3,369.
Wore, p-t Hampahire co. Masa. 21 m. S.E,
Northampton. Pop. 996.
Wore, r. Worcester co. Mass. which receives
the Quaboag, at Brookfield, and takes tfae name
of Cfaicapee.
Waree, t Africsi, capital of a country of the
sarae name, 60 m, S, Benin. Lon, 4° 48' E, Lat,
5° 25' N,
Warehom, t, Eng, in Dorsetshire, near the
mouth of the Frome, where il empties itself into
Pool harbor. It sends two members to psirUament
10 ra, W. S. W, Pool, 114 S, W. London, Lon.
2° 14' W, Lat, 60° 40/ N.
Wareham, p-t, Plymouth co. Mass, on the aea
coast, 17 m. S, Plyraouth, Pop. 851,
Waren, small isl, iu the North sea, near the
coast of Lapland. Lat 66° 4ff N,
Warendorff, t. Prussian states, in Westphalia,
on Uie Ems, 12 m, S. E. Munater. Lon. 8° 6' E.
Lat, 51° 52' N, Pop, 3,900.
Warestas, small ial. ou tfae E. side of fhe gulfof
Botfania. Lon. 21° 4' E. Lat 60° 4ff N.
Wargela, t. -Africa, in Safaara, 250 m, N. W.
Agades, Lon, 9° 50' E, Lat 23° 35' N.
Wargo, small isl, in the gulf of Bothnia, near
the E, coast Lon, 20° 57' E. Lat 63° N.
Wargo, small isl. on the W. side of the gulf of
Botfania, Lon, 21° 47' E. Lat 65° 17' N,
Worgrave, t, Eng, in Berkshfre, on the right
bank of the Thsunes, 7 m, N. E, Reading,
Wariba, r, Guiana, wfaich runs into fte AUan
tic, in lon, 59° 8' W, Lat, 6° 54' N,
Warin, r. Brazil, wfaich runa info the AUantic,
iu lon, 36° 58' W, Lat 4° 55' S,
Wark, V. Eng, in Northumberland, near Uie
Tweed, 1 1 m, N, W, WoUer, 3 S, W, Coldstream,
Warkworth, t. Eng, in Northumberland oo, on
fhe Coquet, 14 m, N, MorpeUi, 300 N. London,
Pop. 614,
Warlax, srasdl isl, on the E, side of the gulf of
Bothnia, Lon, 21° 29' E. Lat 63° 18' N.
Warley, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 3 m, N, W, Hal
ifax,

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777

tVarmbrunn, t. SUesia, celebrated for its warm
batha, 3 m, S, S, W, Hiracfaberg, Pop, 1,900,
Warmeland, province, in the old diviaion of
Sweden, bounded N. by Norway and the province
of DalecarUa ; E. by Weslraanland and Nericia,
S, by the VVenner lake, and W, by Norway,
Warminster, t Eng, in Wiltshire, 22 m, W, S,
W, SaUsbury, 97 W, S, W, London, Lon, 2" II'
W. Lat, 51° 12' N,
Warminster, t Bucks co. Pa, Pop. 564,
Warminster, p-t, Arafaerat co, Va, on Jamea riv
er, 90 m. above Richmond,
Warm Spring Mountains, or Jackson's Moun
tains, ridge of the AUeghany mountains, in Va,
Warm Springs of Buncombe. See Buncombe.
Warm Springs, p-v, York co. Pa,
Worm Springs, t. Clarke co, Arkanaaw Terri
tory, on the Wachitta, The aprings are about 30
in nuraber, are highly raedicinal, srad mucfa re
sorted to by invalida,
Warmstadt, or Wormit, t, Pruasia, 42 m, S, S,
W, Konigsberg, Lon, 20" 7' E. Lat 54" 3' N,
Wame, or Warnow, i. Mecklenburg, which
pasaea by Roatock, and runs into the Baltic, at
Warnemunde, Wame, r, Eng, in Northumberland, which runs
into the Iriafa aea, 4 ra, S, Holy Island,
Warnemunde, t Mecklenburg-Scfawerin, at tfae
raouth of tfae Wame, 9 ra. N, iSistock.
Warner, p-t Hillsborough co, N, H. 13 m, W,
Concord, Pop, 1,838,
Wametan, t. Netherlsuids, 2 posta N, W, Lille,
2 S. E, Yprea.
Womess, cape on the S, coast of the island of
Eday, Lon, 2° 42' W, Lat, 59" N,
Wamils, t Russia, in Beaaarabia, near Ben
der, Wairranarou, smaU ial. near the E. cpsist of the
istand of St Vincent Lon. 61" ll'W, Lat 13°
22'N, Warren, p-t. Lincoln Co, Maine, 30 m, E. Wia
caaaet Pop, 1,443.
Warreri, t Grsifton co, N, H, 50 ra. N, Concord.
Pop. 506.
Warren, t. Addison co, Vt,
Warren, p-t, Briatol co, R, Island, on the E, aide
of Warren river, II m. S. E. Providence, 19 frora
Newport, Pop, 1,775, The village ia pleasantly
situated, and contains about 180 houaea, 2 cfaurch
ea, an academy, 'and a bank. The amount of
shipping owned here is about 3,000 tons.
Warren, p-t Litcfafield co, Ct, 38 ra, frora Hart
ford, 45 frora New Haven. Pop, 1,096.
i Warren, co, N. Y, bounded JV,. by Essex co, E,
by Wasfaington co. S, by Saratoga co, and W. by
Haimilton co. Pop, 1,465, Chieftown, Caldwell,
Warren, p-t. Herkiraer co, N, Y. 10 m. S. Her
kimer, 15 N. Otsego, 70 W. Albany, Pop, 3,974,
J^'arren, t, Somerset co. N, J, Pop. 1,354,
Warren, co. Pa. bounded N. and E. by New-
York, S. by Venango co, and W, by Cra-wford co.
Pop, 827,
Warren, p-t, and cap, Warren co. Pa, on the
fight bank of the Alleghany, al tfae j unction of the
Conne wango, 70 m, E, S, E, Erie, Here ia a good
harbor for boata,
Warren, p-t, Franklin co. Pa. Pop, 4Si6,
Warren, p-t, Albemarle co. Va,
Warren, co, N, C, Pop, 1 1,004, including 6,282
slavea, Chieftown, Warrenton,
barren, co, Geo. on the E.side ofthe Ogechee,
Pop, 8,725, including 3,048 slaves. Chief town,
Warrenton.
98

Warren, co. Mississippi, at the confluence of
Yazoo river with the Mississippi, Pop. in 1816,
1,569, including 7,68 slaves. Chief town, War
renton. Warren, co. W, Tennesaee. Pop. 5,725, inclu
ding 476 slaves. Chief town, Mao MinviUe,
Warren, co. Ken, Pop, 11,937, including 1,498
alavea. Chief to wn. Bowling Green,
Warren, co, Ohio, on tfae Little Miami, Pop.
in 1816, 12,065. Cfaief town, Lebanon.
Warren, p-t and cap, TrumbuU co, Ohio, on
the Mahoning, 46 ra, S, E, Fairport, on lake Erie,
77 N, W. Pittaburg, It has about 100 houaea, a
court-houae and jail, bank, Preabyterian church,
and is a thriving town,
Warren, t. Jefferson co, Ohio, on the Ohio, 6 m.
below SteubenvUle, Pop., in 1816, 2,340,
Warren, t. Belraont co, Ohio, 14 ra, S, W, Sf,
ClairavUle. Pop, in 1819, 1,310,
Warren, f , Tuscarawas co, Ohio,
Warren, t. Waafaington oo, Ofaio, ou Ohio river,
3 m. below Marietta,
Warrenburg, p-t, Warren co, N, Y, on the Hud
aon, 7 ra, W, CaldweU, Pop, 887,
Warrenburg, p-t, Jackaon co, Tenneasee.
Warren' s Island, ial, in the Pacific ocean, at tfae
entrance ofthe Duke of Clarence's atraits. Lon,
226° 22' E, Lat 65° 56' N,
Warrenton, t and cap. Faquier co, Va, 40 ra, N,
N. W. Frederickaburg. It ia handaoraely built,
and contains a court-houae and jail, and two
cfaurchea. Warrenton, p-t. and cap. Wsu-ren co. N. C. 16
m, E, Hillaborougfa, 66 N, N, E, Raleigfa, 83 S.
Peteraburg, Va, It atands in an elevated, healthy
situation, and contains a court-houae^ jail, Metfa
odiat churcfa, and 2 academies,
Warrenton, p-t, and cap, Warren co, Geo, 55
m, N, N, E, MUledgevUle, Pop, 123, Here is
an academy.
Warrenton, p-t, and cap, Warren co, Mississip
pi, on Mississippi river, 18 m, below Walnut
HiUs. Warrentown, p-v. Jefferaon co. Ohio, on Ohio
river, 14 m. below SteubenviUe.
Warrington, t Eng. in Lancsister co. on the N.
side of tfae Meraey. Here ia a large manufacture
of aail clotfa and sacking. Copper smelting fur
naces, glass-faouses, and tollon raanufactories faave
alao been eatabliafaed. 18 m. E. Liverpool, 184
N, N, W, London, Pop, 11,738,
Warrington, t. R\xc]i!s CO. 'Pa. Pop, 429.
Warrington, t. York co. Fa, Pop, 1,105,
Warriore, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 32 m. N, N.
E. Tanjor^55 S, W, Pondicfaerry, Lon. 79° 26'
E. Latll" IffN.
Warrior's Mark, t Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop.
672. Warsaw, city, in the new kingdom of Poland, on
the VistulEi, surrounded witfa a moat and double
waU, and consists of Old and New Towu, and two
suburbs, Kraka and Praga. The general diets of
Poland were usuaUy held here, as well as the pro
vincial asaerably, and court of j udioature. Here
are aeveral elegant stone buildings and -palaces, a
great nuiUber of beautiful churcfaes and convents,
a faoapital, and an arsenal. 150 m. S. Konigsberg.
Lon. 21° ff E. Lat. 62° 12' N. Pop. 64, 421.
Warsaw, p-t Genesee co, N, Y. 20 m, S, Bata
via, Pop. 1,317.
Warsaw, isl. off the coaat of Georgia, 16 mUes
in circumference. Lon. 81° ff W. Lat 32° 52' N.

778

WAS

Warsaw, t. Harrison co. Indiana, on the Ohio,
14 m. from Corydon.
Warta, r. which rises near Cracow, and runs
into tfae Oder at Custrin.
Wartenberg, t Bavaria, 24 m. N. E, Munich.
WarUnberg, t, Silesia, and cap, of a lordahip of
the aarae name, 14 m, N, E, Oels, 28 N, N, E-
Brieg. Lon, 17° 4ff E, Lat, 61° 18' N, Pop.
1,700. Wartenburg, caatle, Bavarian circle of tfae
, Rhine, 6 m. N. E. Lautern.
Wartenburg, t. Prussia, 63 m, S. Konigsberg, 52
E, Elbing, Lon, 20" 40' E, Lat 63" 43' N,
Wartenberg, t Sileaia, 18 m, N. W, Groa Glo
gau, 10 S, E, Gmnberg, Lon, 16° 4ff E, Lat
51° 62' N,
Wartha, t, Sileaia, on tfae Neiase, 6 m. N, E,
Glatz, 13 W, S, W, Munaterberg, Lon, 16" So E,
Lat 50° 20' N, Pop, 800,
Warwick, t. Eng, in Warwickshiirei on the
Avon, Here ia a strong caatle, forraerly the seat
of the earls of Warwick, 10 ra, S. S. W, Coven
try, 93 N, N. W, London, Lon, 1" Sff W, Lat 62°
17' N, Pop, 6,497*,
Warwick, co. Eng, bounded N, E. by Leices
tershire, E, by Norlharaptonsfaire, -S, by Ox
fordsfaire and Gloucestersfaire, W, by Worcester
sfaire, and N, W, by Staffordafaire ; 50 mUea long
from N, to S, Pop, 228,736.
Warwick, co. Lower Csuiada, on the N, side of
the St Lawrence,
Warwick, t, Buckingham co. Lower Canada, 33
m, S. E, Three Rivers,
Warwick, p-t, Franklin co, Maas, 12 m, E,
Greenfield, Pop, 1,227,
Warwick, t, and cap, Kent co, R, I, on the N,
W, arm of Narraganset bay, with a good faarbor
for veaaela offrom 20 to 50 tona. Pop. 3,757. It
is extenaively engaged in manufactures, having,
beside smaller manufacturea, no leas than 15 cot
ton factoriea, containing togetfaer 18,000 apindlea.
It faas alao aome ahipping eraployed in the coasting
trade. Here are 2 incorporated banks. Tfae vil
lage of Apponaug is in the S. part of the town, 10
m. S. S. W. Providence, and contains about 50
houaea, an academy, and a Baptist church.
Warwick, p-t. Orange co. N. Y. 10 m. S. Go
shen, 54 N. New- York, 120 S. Albany. Pop.
3,978. It has extensive iron works.
Warwick, t. Bucks co. Pa. Pop. 1,287.
Waruiick, t. Lancaster co. Pa. Pop. 4,339.
Warwick, t Cecil co. Md. 9 m. N. E. George
town. JVarwick, co. Va. bounded N. by York co. E. by
Elizabeth city co. S. by Jaraea river, and W.
by Jaraea city co. Fop. 1,835, including 1,120
slaves. Warwick, t Cheaterfield co. Va, on the S, side
of James river, Sra, below Richmond,
.-- Warwick, co, Indiana, on Ohio river. Pop, ia
1 815, 3,000, Cfaief town, Darlington,
Wasa, or Vasa, seaport, Ruasia, 60 m, N, Abo,
Lon, 21" 29' E, Lat 63° 6' N, Pop, 2,178,
Washes, The, lands on tfae coast of England, be
tween the counties of Norfolk and Lincoln, wfaich
are passable at low water, but overflowed by eve
ry tide. They are dangerotis to strangers, who
are unacquainted with the quick-sands,
Washington, co, Maine, bounded E, by New-
Brunswick, S, by the AUantic, and.W, by Penob
scot and Hancock counties. Pop, 7,870, Chief
town, Machias,

WAS
Washington, t Hancock co. Main*, 20ni, N.
W, Castine,
Washington, p-t Cheahire co. N. H. 27 m, W,
Concord, Pop, 820,
Washington, co, Vt incloaed by the counties of
Orleana, Caledonia, Orange, Addison, and Chit
tenden, Chieftown, MontpeUer,
Washington, t Orange co, Vt 43 m. N, Wind
aor. Pop. 1,040.
Washington, Mount, the higheat summit of the
White Mountains, N. H.
Washington, t. Berkshire co. Mass. 8 m. E.
Lenox. Pop. 942.
Washington, co. R. I. bounded N. by Kent co.
E. by Narraganaet bay, S. by the Atlantic, and
W. by Connecticut Pop. 14,962. Chieftown,
South Kingston.
Washington, p-t Litchfield co. Ct. 40 m, S, W,
Hartford, Pop. 1,575. Here are 2 mills for saw
ing marble, 2 forges, 1 aUtting miU, 1 naU factory,
2 trip hammera, 4 grain mills, 2 fuUing milia, 2
carding machines, sind 6 aaw mills.
Washington, co. N. Y. bounded N. by Eaaex co.
E, by Vermont, S, by Rensselaer co. and W. by
tfae Hudson. Pop. 43,000. Chief towns, Salem
and Kingsbury.
Washington, p-t. Dutchess co. N. Y. 15 m. N-
E, Poughkeepsie, 80 S. Albany- Pop, 2,854, Here
ia a reapectable Quaker boarding school, -with a
buUding 3 atories high for the accomraodation of
100 acholsuTS,
Washington, v, in WatervUet, N. Y, onthe
Hudson, oppoaite Troy, H ere is a U, States arae-
nal, Washington, p-t Morria co. N. J. Pop, 1,793,
Washington, t, Burlington co. N. J. Pop, 1,273,
Washington, co. Pa. bounded N, by AUeghany
CO, and W, by Brooke co. Pop, 36,289.
Washington, p-t and cap, Washington co, Penn,
ou oue of the head branches of Chartier's- creek,
26 ra, S, W, Pittsburg, 32 E, N, E. WfaeeUng, 25
N. W. BrownsviUe, It is a flourishing town, sur
rounded by a fertile and well cultivated country,
smd contained in 1818, an elegant court-house, a
college, 2 banks, 2 printing officea, a large steam
flour raill, besides other manufacturing estabUsh-
ments, 4(K) dwelling faouses, and raore thsra 2,000
inhabitsmts, Wsishington college was esfsibliahed
in tfais place about 15 yeara since, smd had in 1817,
a president, 2 professors, a library and phUosoph-
ical apparatus, and about 100 students connected
witfa it, either as undergraduates, or aa pursuing
preparatory atudies. The course of education is
completed in tfaree years. The coUege edifice is
ofstone, and tfaree stories higfa.
Washington, t. Fayette co. Pa. Pop. 2,160.
Washington, t Franklin co. Pa. Pop, 2,709,
Washington, t, Indiana co. Pa, Pop, 755,
Washington, t. Lancaster co. Pa. on the E.
bank of tiie Susquehannafa, 3 m. below Columbia,
Washington, t Lycoming co. Pa. Pop. 675.
Washir^ton, p-t. Northumberland co. Pa. Pop-
438. Washington, t. Westmoreland co. Pa, Pop,
1,696, Washington, t York co. Pa, Pop, 441,
Washington, co, Md, bounded N, by Pennsyl
vania, E, by Frederick CO. S, by the Potomac, and
W, by Alleghany co. Pop, 18,730, including
2,656 slaves. Chief town, Elizabethtown,
Washington City, in the district of Columbia,
the metropolis ofthe United States of America,iB

WAS
c^easanUy situated on the N, E, bank ofthe river
Fblomac, at tfae point of land formed by the junc
tion of the Eastern branch, 300 mUes from the
mouth of the river, and 3 below the head of the
tide. It is separated from Georgetown on tho
N, W. by Rock creek, and Tyber creek passes
through the middle of tfae city, Waafaington is
regularly Isdd out in streets running due north
and south, intersected by others at right angles.
Besides these streets, wfaicfa are from 80 to 1 10
" feet wide, there are avenues from 130 to 160 feet
broad, which diverge frora centres in various parts
ofthe city, crossing the other sfreets transversely.
The avenues are named after tfae different States
ofthe Union, the streets whicfa run east and west
after the letters of tfae alphabet, and those wfaicfa
run north and south are numbered I, 2, 3, &c.
At the points frora wfaich the avenues diverge are
spacious squares, Tfae ground embraced in the
plan of the city is very extensive, but only a smaU
portion ofit is yel occupied with buildings.
The principal pubUc buUdings and establish
ments are — I, The Capitol, which is finely situa
ted ou an eminence, cotnmsmding a view of every
pEirt of tfae city, and a considerable portion of the
idj acent country, A ccording to the original plan,
it is to be composed of a cenfral edifice and two
winga, Tfae two wings were in a conaiderable
stale of forwardneaa in 1814, when the Britiah ar
my under General Rosa gained poaaession of tfae
city and deatroyed tfaem, togetfaer with the Preai-
dent'a houae sind other public structures, and an
extensive library whicfa faad been purchsised for
tfae use of Congress, The wings of the capitol
are now re-built, and the central building faaa
been commenced, T.ie wings su-e eacfa 100 feet
square, and the wfaole building when Completed
will be a moat raagnificent edifice, preaenting a
front oi 362 feet 2, Tfae President's faouse, situ
ated about a mile and a half west of tfae capitol,
on the avenue lesiding lo Georgetown, It is 170
feet by 86, and two stories faigfa, 3, Four spa
cious brick buUdings erected in tfae vicinity of tfae
President's faouse, for tfae accommodation of the
heads of the great departments of government,
4, A comfortable marine barrack, with a houae
for the residence of tfae commandant of tfae ma
rine corps, 5, An extenaive navy yard, aituated
on tfae Eastern Brancfa, which forma a aafe and
comraodioua harbour. Here ia an elegant mar
ble monument, erected by the American officera
to the meraory of their brethren, who fell before
Tripoli. 6. A araall fort, which, frora the ex
treme aoutfaem point of the land on wfaicfa tfae
city standa, comrasmda the channel of tfae Polo-
mac. And, 7, Tfae general post-office, a brick
edifice, about a mile W, N, W, of the Capitol,
where the patent office ia also kept. The atyle
of the architecture of the Capitol ia Corinthian,
- and tfaat of the President's house Ionic ; and both
. buildings are constructed of free-stone. The capi
tol square is incloaed by a atrong and handsome iron
railing ; and being planted witfa treea, aud otfaer-
wise ornamented, will afford a deligfatful walk for
the inhabitanta smd viaitors of tfae city, Sirailar
improveraenfa are going on at the preaident's
aquare, wfaich will add greatly to its beauty and
aceommodations, Beaidea fhe buildinga and establiahmenta above
enumerated, Waahington contains a city hall, a
theatre, a penitentiary, a cfrcus, a raaaonic haU,
4banka, including a branch of the U, States bank,
a female orphan asylum, a Lancastrian school, 7

WAS

779

printing offices, an extensive cannon foundery, a
paper mill, a window-glaas manufactory, and 12
houaes for public worship, 3 for Presbyterians, 2
for Episcopalians, 2 for Baptists, 2 for Methodiata,
2 for Catholics, and I for Frienda, Adjoining the
city ia a brick edifice for a college, 4 stories high,
s^nd 1 17 feet long by 47 wide, aituated on elevated
ground, nearly nortfa of the Preaident's houae,
and commanding au extenaive proapect of the
city, Georgetown, Alexandria, the Potomac riv
er, &c. Among the other literary inatitution*
are a medical society, a botanical society, and the
Columbian Institute, whicfa consists of 5 classes,
viz, matfaematical sciences, physical sciences,
moral and political sciences, general literature,
and the fine arts, Tfaere is a bridge about one
raUe long over tfae Potoraac, on piles, buUl ia
1809 ; tfaree over the Eastern Branch, and two
over Rock creek, Tfaere is also a canal con
necting Tyber creek witfa tfae Eastern branch.
The amount expended by the U, States on the
public buildings previously to tfaeir destruction by
tiie Britisfa in August 1814, was $1,214,291, and
there have been appropriated towards rebuilding
the same, $1,207,788, The value ofthe landsbe-
longing to the U, Slates within the city on the 31st
Dec, I8I6, was estiraated at more than $7,000,000,
and the lots which had been sold previously to
that period faad yielded to tfae national treasury
$689,195, Tfae population of Wasfaington in
1800, was 3,210 ; in 1810, 8,208, of wfaom 2,304
were people of color, Jn 1S20, the population was
13,322, and tfae number of houses 2,141, ofwhich
about one faalf were of brick, Lat 38° 5ff N, Lon.
77° 2' W, from Greenwich,
Washington, co, in the S, W.part of Va, Pop.
12,136, including 1,448 slaves, Chieftown, Ab
ingdon, , Washington, p-v. Culpeper co, Va,
Washington, co, N, C. Pop. 3,464, including
1,287 slaves. Chieftown, Plymouth,
Washington, p-v, Beaufort co, N, C,
Washington, co, Georgia, on tfae E. aide of Oco
nee river. Pop, 9,940, including 3,513 slaves,
Cfaief town, Sandersville,
Washington, p-t and cap, Wilkes co- Geo, 50
m- W, N, W, Augusta, Pop, 605, It is regular
ly laid out, and contains a court-faouse, jail, bank,
academy, and printing office, from which a news
paper is issued,
Washington, co, Alabama, ou the W, sideof the
Tombigbee. Cfaief town, St. Stepheua,
Washington, p-t Adaras co, Miasissippi, is on
St Catherine's creek, about 6 mUes E, of Natch
ez, in a h^llhy and pleasant situation, and sur..
rounded by wealthy and well peopled settlementa.
For 15 yeara it wsis the seat of govemraent for
Missiaaippi Territory, Jefferson college in thia
town was incorporated in 1802, and an edifice 170
feet by 40 hsU been erected for the accoramoda
tion of studenta. Pop, in 1810, 524 ; in 1818, ea
timated at 1,000,
Washington, co, Eaat Tennesaee, bordering on
N. Carolina. Pop, 7,740, including 850 slaves,
Chieftown, Jonesborough,
Washington, p-t and cap, Rhea co, E, Tennes
see, on the W, side of TeUneaaee river, 75 m, S.
W, KnoxviUe,
Washington, co, Kentucky, Pop. 13,248, in-
eluding 2,246 slavea, Chieftown, Springfield,
• Washington, p-t, and cap. Mason co. Ken, 3 m,
S, W, MaysviUe, It ia regulsurly laid out, and
contains a brick jail, 2 churches, 1 for Presbyte-

780

WAT

rians, of stone, and 1 for Baptists, an academy,
and a printing office.
Washington, co. Ohio, on Ohio river, at the
junction ofthe Muskingum and Ofaio rivers. Pop.
in 1815, 7,100. Cfaief town, Marietta.
Washington, t Clerraont co. Ohio, on Ohio
river. Washington, t Colurabiana co. Ohio.
Washington, p-t. and cap. Fayette co. Ohio, 40
m. S. W; Colurabus, SO N. ChiUicothe. It con
tains a court-house smd jsul, and about 40 faouses.
Washington, t. Franklin co. Ohio, on the Scio
to, 10 m. above Columbus. Pop. in 1812, 485.
Washington, p-t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 10 m. E.
Carabridge. Washington, t. Licking co. Ohio.
Washington, t. Montgomery co. Ohio, on the
Miarai, Ilm. below Dayton.
Washington, t. Pickaway co. Ohio, in which is
CircleviUe, the seat of justice for the county.
Washington,t. Preble co. Ohio.
Washington, t Richland co. Ofaio.
Washingkn, I, Scioto co. Ofaio, al the junction
of the Scioto and Ofaio rivers, opposite Ports-
raoutfa, Washington, t. Warren co, Ohio,
Washington, co, Indiana, Pop, in 1815, 6,606,
Chief fown, Salera,
Washington, p-t and cap. Davis co. Indiana, at
tfae forks of Wfaite river, 20 m, from Vincennes,
It contains a court-faouse and jail.
Washington, co, lUinois, on Kaskaskias river.
Pop, in 1818, 1,707, Cfaief town, Covington.
Washington, co. Missouri,
Washington's Islands, islands near tfae W, coast
of N, America, called Queen Charktte' s Islands.
Washington Point, poinl of land forraed by the
confluence ofthe S, and E, branches of Elizabeth
river, 1 m.above Norfolk, Here is a U, Stales
marine hospital of brick,
Washita. See Wachitta.
Woshminsker Islands, cluster of islands near
the S, coast of Labrador, Lon, 60° W. Lat 50° N.
Wassaw Island. See Warsaw.
Wassela, country of Africa, bounded N. and W.
by Mandinga and Bsunbarra, E. by Kong, and S.
by Guinea. Lon. 4° 5ff to 5° 4ff W. Lat 10° 6ff
to 12° 2ff N.
Wassens Point, cape on the E, coast of Cochin-
china, Lat 12° 3'N,
Wosserburg, t. Bavaria, with a casUe and 4
cfaurches ; the chief trade ia in aalt, 38 ra, W. N,
W, Salzburg, 30 E. Munich. Lon. 12° Iff E, Lat
48° ffN, Pop, 2,081,
Wassertrudingen, t Bavaria, on the Wernitz, IS
m. S. Anspach, 10 E, Dinkenabuhl. Lon. 10" 35'
E, Lat 49^ 2'N, Pop, 1,942.
Wasungen, t. Germany, in Saxe-Meinungen,
on tfae Wert-a, 3 m. N, Meinungen, 4 S, W, Smal
kalden, Lon, 10" Sff E, Lat, 50° 41' N, Pop, 1,700,
Watauga, r. wfaicfa riaes in N, Carolina, and
pasaing info Tennesaee, joina the Holaton,
Watch point, cape, B. I, 7 leaguea from Block
Island, ,
Watcher, North, or Seven Islands, small islands,
iu the Straits of Macassar, near the W, coast of
Celebes, Lon, 1 19° 33' E, Lat 0° 27' S,
Watcher, South, small ial, in the Straits of Ma-
caasar, near the W, coast bf Celebes, Lon, 119°
24'E, LatO°ff S,
Watehet, t. Eng. in Somerset co, on the Bristol
Channel, formerly a place of considerable trade,
20m, R W, Taunton, 153 W, London. Lon, 3°
2ffW.Lat61°9'N.

WAT
Wotehoo, isl, in tfae South Pacifio Ocean, about
6 miles long, and 4 broad, Lou, 168° 15' W, Lat.
20° 1' S,
Water Point, cape on the E, coast of Java, Lon,
114° Sff E, Lat 7° 5ff S,
Waterbarough, t. Queen Anne's co, New-Bruns
wick, on the E, side of St Jofan's river.
Waterbarough, p-t. York co. Maine, 25 m. N.
York. Pop. 1,395.
Waterbury, p-t Washington co, Vt. on Onion
river, 12 m. N, W, Montpelier. Pop, 966,
Waterbury, p-t New-Haven co, Ct 20 m, from
New-Haven. Pop. 2,874.
Wateree, r. which rises in N, Carolina, under
the name of Catabaw, and passing into S, Caroli
na, joins the Congaree to form Santee river.
Woterford, city and seaport, Ireland, on the riv
er Suir, whicfa soon after joins tfae Barrow, aud
forraa a bay csdled Woterford Harbor. It ia tfa&
see of a biahop. Tfae coramerce with England and
other countries is very considerable; and packet ..
boats *ail regularly to and from Milford-Haven.
The principal exporta are beef, pork, corn, but
ter, and Unen. 53 m. E. N. E. Cork, 75 S. S. W.
DubUn. Lon. 7° 8' W. Lat 52° 14' N. Pop. 35,000.
Waterford, county, Ireland, bounded N. by KU
kenny and "Tipperary, E. by Wexford, S. by fhe
sea, and W. bv Cork. Pop. about 1 10,000.
Waterford, p-t Oxford co. Maine, 12 m. S. W-
Faris. Pop. 860.
Woterford, p-t- Caledonia co. Vt on Connecti
cut river, 32 m, E. Montpelier. Pop. 1,289.
Waterford, t. New-London co. Ct on fhe
Thames, 4 m. from New-London, 37 from Hart
ford. II contains 2 churcfaes for Baptists. Pop.
2,185. Waterford, p-t Saratoga co. N. Y. on the Hud
son, at its confluence witfa tfae Mohawk, opposite
Lansingburgh, vrith whicfa it is connected by a
bridge, 10 ra. above Albany. A bridge is also here
thrown across tfae Mofaawk, and commands a riew
of Cahoos falls. The viUage of Waterford is
handsomely laid out, and contains 2 churches and
about 200 houses.
Waterford, t Gloucester co. N. J. Pop. 2,105.
Waterford, or Le Boeuf, p-t Erie co. Pa. on Le
Boeuf, a navigable branch ofFrench creek, 16 m.
S. Lsdf e Erie. The creek is here 2 rods wide, but
of depth sufficient for boats of tfae greatest burden,
and is tfae thorougfafare of tfae comraerce between
Pittaburg srad Erie. Waterford contains about 50
houses. Waterford, p-t. Lancaster co. Pa.
Waterford, p-v. Loudon co. Va.
Waterford, p-t. Washington co, Ohio, on the
Muskingum. 16 m, above Marietta,
Waterland, isl, in the Pacific Ocean. Lon. 149°
SO' W. Lat 14° 4ff S.
Waterloo, v. Netherlands, in Brabant, 12 m. S.
Brussels, rendered famous by one of the most tre
mendous and eventful battles recorded in modern
history, fought on Sunday, June 18th, 1815, be
tween the allied Britisfa, Hanoverian, German,
and Belgic froops under the duke of Wellington,
and the French under Napoleon Bonaparte. The
allied army amounted to about 70,000 men, and
the Frencfa to 90,000. The French were totally
defeated, and the hopes of Bonaparte frustrated
forever. The loaa on both sides is very varioualy
atated. Waterloo, Britiah setUement in W. Africa, in the
E. part ofthe colony of Sierra Leone. Pop. in
18.20, 700.

WAT

WAY

781

Woterloo, p-t and cap, Seneca co, N, Y, on
Seneca river, 5 m, E, Geneva, Here are faUa in
tfae river, around wfaich locka are consti-ucted,
Waterloo ia a rapidly growing place. It containa
a court-houae, jail, and a printing office frora
whicfa a newapaper ia iaaued.
Waterqueechy. See Queechy.
Watersay, one of tfae Western Islands of- Scot-
tand. Lon. 7° SO' W. Lat 56° 64' N.
Watertown, p-t. Middlesex co. Masa, on Cfaarles
river, 7 miles frora its mouth, and 7 W, N. W.
Boston. It contains several manufacturing estab-
liatiments, and a national arsenal is about lo be
erected faere. Pop. 1,631.
Watertown, p-t. Litcfafield co. Ct 26 m, from
New-Haven, 30 from Hartford. Pop. 1,714. 11
contains 2 churcfaes, I for CongregationaUsts, and
1 for Episcopalians.
Watertown, p-t. and cap. Jefferson co. N. Y. on
Black river, 12 m. from Sackett's Harbor, 80 N.
Utica, 174 N. W. Albany. Pop. 1,841. Tfae
river is navigable for boats lo BrownviUe, 4 mUes
below. Watertown contains a court-house and
jaU, a State arsenal, a printing office, frora which
a weekly paper is issued. Many of the dwelling
bouses are elegant
WaterviUe, p-t. Kennebeck co. Maine, on the
W. side of Kennebeck river, opposite Winslow, to
which it once belonged, 20 m. N. HalloweU, 15 S.
E. iNorridgewock. It contains a bank and has
considerable trade. There is a flouriahing village
on the Kennebeck, at Teconic falls, wfaicfa are af
tbe head of boat navigation on tfae river, and af
ford nuraerous excellent aitea for railla and raanu
facturing estabUahments, In this viUage is a Lite
rary and Tfaeological Institution under tfae direc
tion of tfae Baptist denomination, established in
1818, Pop, 1,314.
WatervUk, v. in Sangerfield, Oneida co N, Y,
Wotervilk, p-v, Delaware co, N, Y.
Watervliet, p-t Albsmy co, N, Y, on tfae Hudson,
6 ra. above Albany, Pop, 2,365, It contains
among otfaer manufactories, a bell foundery smd a
msmufactory of iron screws, Al Niskayuua in tfais
town, there is a village of Shakers,
Watford, t. Eng. in Herts, 11 m. S. W, Hert
ford, 14 N. W. Londou. Lon. 0" 25' W. Lat 61°
41' N.
Wotkinsonvilk, p-t and cap. Clark co. Geo. 10
ra. S. Athens. It containa a court-house and jail.
Watling's Island, one of Uie Bahama Islands,
about 18 miles long, and 4 broad. Lon. 74° 16'
W. Lat 23" 5ff N.
Watling-street, a road thrown np by the Ro
mans, which extends through England, from Do
ver to Cardigan in Wales ; many parts of whicfa
remain at this time.
Watlington, t. Eng, in Oxfordshire, 25 m. S, E,
Oxford, 46 W, London, Lon. 0" 55' W, Lat 51°
3ff N,
Wala, t. Sweden, on an island in the Baltic, 1.0
m, E, N, E, NorUege. Lon. 18" 4ff E. Lat. 59°
54' N.
Watsness, cape on the W. coast of tfae island of
Sfaetland. Lon. 2° ff W. Lat 60° Iff N.
Watsons' Island, isl. in the Mergui arcfaipelago.
Lat 9° 36'N.
Wattenschied, t. Prussian states, in WestpfaaUa,
6 m. S. W. Bockura.
Walton, t. Eng. in Norfolk co. 21 m. W. Nor-
Vicfa, 90 N. N. E. London. Lon, 0° 50- E. Lat
S2°S4'N. Wattsborough, p-v. Lunenburg co. Va,

Wattuskifiet, channel of the Baltic, between
the island of Aland and the coast of Finland.
Waveney, i. Eng. in SuffoUt, whicfa joins the
Yare, at its mouth.
Waughsburg, p-v. Stokes co. N. C.
Waworsing, t. Ulster co. N. Y. 25 m. S. W.
Kingston. Pop. 1,326.
Waway, smsdl isl. near the E. coast of Celebes,
about 40 railes in circumference. Lon. 123° Sff
E. Lat. 4° ff S.
Waxhalm, fortreaa on tfae coaat of Sweden, on
a sraall island at the entrance of tfae channel of
the Malar lake, 16 m.E. Stockholm. Lon. 18° 16'
E. Lat. 59° 21' N.
Wayaconda, r. Missouri, which flows into the
Misaiasippi, S. of the Desmoins,
Waybari, r. Guiana, wfaicfa runs into tfae At
lantic, in lon, 58" 6' W, lat 6° 25' N.
Waygoo, isl, in the Pacific ocean, about 60 miles
long, frora JE, to W, and 25 broad. Lon. 130° 31'
to 131° 4ff E. Lat, 0° 2' N. to 0? 30' S,
Wayne, p-t Kennebeck co, Maine, 20 m, W,
Augusta, Wayne, p-t Steuben co, N, Y, 15 m, N, E, Bath,
Pop. 1,025,
Wayne, co. Pa, bordering on New York, Pop.
4,125, Chieftown, Bethany,
Wayne, co, Geo. on the S,' side of the Alata
maha, Pop, 676,
Wayne, co, Mississippi, bordering on Alabama.
Pop, in 1816, 2,084, including 517 slaves,
^B^ffie, CO, Ofaio, Pop, in 1819, 9,000. Chief
fown, Wooster,
Wayne, t. Adams co, Ohio,
Wayne, t. Ashtabula co. Ohio, 12 ra, S. E, Jef
ferson, Wayne, t. Belmont co. Ohio, 16 m, S, W, St,
Clairsville, Pop, iu 1819, 520,
Wayne, t Butler co, Ohio, 8 ra, N, Hamilton,
Wayne, t. Champaign co. Ohio, Pop, in 1815,
560, Wayne, t. Columbiana co. Ohio,
Wayne, t. Dark co. Ofaio.
Wayne, t. Fayette Co, Ofaio,
Wayne, t. Jefferson co, Ohio, 10 m. W, Steuben
viUe. Wayne, t. Knox co, Ofaio,
Wayne, t, Montgomery co, Ohio, on the Miami,
7 m, above DaytoU,
Wayne, t Muskingum co, Ohio.
Wayne, t. Pickaway co, Ohio, on the Scioto, op
posite CircleviUe,
Wayne, t Scioto co. Ohio, in which is Ports
mouth, the county seat,
Wayne,ifo. Indiana, bordering on Ofaio, Pop,
in 1815, 6,290. Chief town, CentreviUe,
Wayne, co, lUinois, W, of Edwards co,
Wayne co, Michigan Territory. Chief town,
Detroit. Waynesborough, borougfa and p-t, FrankUn
CO, Pa,
Waynesborough, p-t, and cap. Green co. Pa. 22
m, S, Wasfaington, 51 S, S, W, Pittsburg, Pop,
580, Waynesborough, p-v. Augusta co, Va,
Waynesborough, p-t, and cap. Wayne co. N, C.
on the Neuse, 60 ra, S, E, Raleigfa.
Waynesborough, p-t, and cap, Burke co, Geo,
on Briar creek, 14 m. from Savannafa river, 30 m.
S, Augusta, 25 N, E. Louisville, 100 N, W, Sa
vannah, It contains a courthouse and jail, an
acaderay, aUd 2 churches, 1 for Presbyterians, and
1 for Methodists,

782

WEI

Waynesburg, p-v. Cheater co. Pa,
WaynesviUe, p-v, and cap, Haywood co, N, C,
Wtiynesville, p-t, Warren co, Ohio, on the Little
Miami, 10 m. E, Lebanon,
Wayte, rocky islet in the straits of Macassar,
Lon, 119' 18'E, Lat 0° 4ff S,
Wear. See Were.
Weare, p-t HiUsborough co, N, H, 12 ra, S, W,
Concord, Pop, 2,630,
Weathersjield, p-t, Windsor co, Vt, on Connecti
cut river, 7 ra, below Windsor, Pop, 2,115,
Weathersfield. See Wethersfield, Ct
Weathersfield, t, 'TrurabuU co, Ohio, 5 ra, S, E,
Warren, Webhomet, r, Maine, which runs into the Atlan
tic, at Wells,
Wechsdburg, t. Saxony, 4 m, N, N, E, Penig, 3
S, Rochlitz,Weckholm, t Sweden, 22 ra, S, W, Upsal,
Wed d Casaab, r. Algiers, which runs into the
Mediterranean, 5 ra, S. cape Falcon,
Wed d Kibbeer, (an. Ampsaga,) r, Algiers,
which runs into the Mediterranean, 16 m. S, Sebba
Rous, Lon, 6° 2ff E, Lat, 36° 57' N,
Wed d Moilah, i- e, tfae Salt River, r. Algiers,
which runs into the Mediterranean, 10 m, S, S, E,
cape Figalo.
Wed el Shaier, r. Africa, whicfa after a N, E,
course of 30 miles cfaanges its name to Msiilafa,
and finally loses itself in tfae Shott
Wedenschweil, t. Switzerland, on tfae S, W,
coast of lake Zurich, 9 ra, S, Zurich, 10 N. E
Zug, Wedge Island, small isl, in tfae Pacifio ocean,
near the E. coaatof tfae Prince of Wales'a arcfai
pelago, Lon, 22° 20' E„ Lat, 55° 8' N,
Wednesbury, or Wedgebury, t. Eng, in Stafford-
¦^ire, in tfae raidst of mines of coal, witfa manu
factures of nails, faammers, axes, &c, 8 m, N. W.
Birraingfaam, 118 N, W, London, Lon, 3° 1' W,
Lat 52° SffN, Pop, 5,372,
Wednesfield, v. Eng, in Staffordshire, 2 m, N, E,
Wolverhampton, Weebatuck, r, N, Y. which enters the Housaton
nuc, at Dover, on tfae borders of the State.
Week, r. Germany, which faUs into the Weser,
8 m, N, W, Bremen,
Weerdt, or Werdt, t Prussian stales, in West
phalia, on the Old Issel, 40 ra, W, Munster, Lon,
6° Sff E, Lat. 61° 62' N. Pop, 2,100,
Weert, or Wert, t. Netherlands, 10 m, W, Ru
remond, 13 S, W, Venlo, Lon, 5" 43' E, Lat 51"
17' N,
Weferlingen, t. Prussian states, in Saxony, 25
m, N. Halberstadt Pop. 1,400,
Wegdeben, t Prussian states, in Saxony, 5 m,
N, Quedlingburg, 4 E. Halberatadt. ' Pop. 2,100,
Weggis, t. Switzertand, on the N, aide of the
lake of Lucerne, 7 ra, E. Lucerne.
Wehax, Lilt, and Stor, 2 amall islands on fhe E,
side of the gulf of Bothnia. Lon, 21" 7' E, Lat,
60°45'N, Wdilen, or Wehlau, or Wehl-Stadtd, t. Saxony,
5 m. S. Pima, Pop, 6,10,
Weichtersbach, or Wechterbach, t, Germany, on
the Kinzig, 23 m. E, Francfort on the Maine.
Weida, r. Silesia, which joina tfae Oder, near
Brealau. Weiden, t Bavaria, on the Nab, 17 m. N, E.
Sulsbach, 42 N. Ratisbon. Lon, 12° S'E, Lat 49°
40' N, Pop, 2,152,
Weighton, or Markd-Wightan, t Eng, in York
shire, 18 m, S. S, E, York, 191 N. London,

WE I
Weil, t, Wurteraberg, on the Wirm, 10 m, W.
S, W, Stuttgart, 40 N. E, Friburg, Lon, 8° 50'
E, Lat 48" 48' N, Pop, 1,800,
Weilbach, r, Germany, whicfa runs into the
Lahn, 2 m, S, WeUburg,
Weilburg, t. Germany, in Naasau, 9 m, W,
Wetslar, 21 N, Mentz, Lon, 8" 18' E, Lat 50°
26' N, Pop. 1,800.
Weile, or Wedel, seaport, Denmark, in North
Jutland, on a bay in the Little Belt, 38 m. N, E.
Ripen, 35 S, S, W, Aarhuus, Lon, 9° Sff E, Lat
55° 4ff N,
Weilhaim, or Weilheim, t Bavaria, 26 m, S, W,
Munich, 38 S, S- E, Augaburg, Lon, 11° 4' E,
Lat. 47° 44' N. Pop, 1,862,
Weilheim, t. Wurlemberg, on the Lauter, 20 m,
N, E, Ulm, 20 S, E, Stuttgart Lon, 9° 35' E/
Lat 48° 33' N,
Weimar, Grand Duchy of, one of the German
States. It consists of two detached territorids iu
tfae centre of Germsmy, one caUed tfae province
of Weimar, tfae other the province of Eiaenach,
containing together 1,460 aquare milea, with
201,000 infaabitanta, 33 citiea, 10 market towns,
and 679 viUages. The revenue is £150,000.
Weimar, t Germany, and capital of Saxe-Wei
mar, witfa apsdace, in wfaich tfae duke has a valu
able library, a cabinet of raedals, a museum, and
a gaUery of paintings ; and where are kept the
archives of the Ernestine line of the dukes of
Saxony. 94 ra. W. Dresden, 46 S. W. Leipaic.
Lon. 1 1° 22' E. Lat 51° 2' N. Pop. 10,000.
Weinfekkn, t Switzerland, 4 m. S. W. Con
stance, 26 N. E. Zuricfa. Pop. 2,000.
Weingarten, t. Baden, IS ra. S. S. E. Spire, 21
S. S. E. Manfaeim. Lon. 8" 30' E. Lat 49° ff N-
Pop. 2,622.
Weinheim, t Baden, faraous for its wine, 9 m.
N. Heidelberg, 8 N. E. Manfaeim. Pop. 4,039;
Weinsberg, t Wurteraberg, 6 ra- N. E. Heil
bronn. Pop. 1,700. The vsdley in wfaicfa it Ues
is famous for its wine.
Weir, one of tfae smaUer Orkney islands.
Weisenham, t Baden, on the Roth, 11 m. S. E.
Ulm. Lon. 10° 8' E. Lat 48° 17' N.
Weiskirchen, or Hranitze, t Moravia, 15 m. E,
N, E, Prerau, 24 E, S, E, Ohnuta, Lon, 17" 43'E,
Lat 49° SO- N, Pop. 3,200.
Weismoyn, t. Bavaria, 20 m, N- E, Bambeig,
Lon, 11° Iff E, Lat 50° ffN,
Weissemburg, or Kom Weissemburg, or Wit-
semburg, t, France, in Lower Rhine, on the Lau
ter, at the fool of tfae Vosges, 27 m, N, Strasburg,
12 S, S. W, Landau, Lon, 8° E, Lat 49° 3'N,
Pop, 4,097,
Weissemburg, t, Bavaria, witfa 2 cfaurches and a
medicinal apring, 28 m. S, S, W, Nuremberg, 48
W, Ratiabon, Lon, 10° 5ff E, Lat 48° 5ff N.
Pop, 4,000.
Weissemburg, or Alba Julia, or Carkburg, or
Fejervar, t Transylvania, capital ofa county, and
see of a bishop, onthe -Maros, 90 m, N, E, Temes
var. Lon. 24° Iff E, Lat 46" 16' N. Pop.
11,279, rFeissenau, a princely abbey, Wurteraberg, 2
m, S, Ravensburg,
If^cissenburg, t Bavaria, on the Rezat, -With
raanufactures in gold and silver, Pop,6,000,
Weissenburg, t Lehigh co. Pa, Pop, 1,046,
Weissenfels, t, Prussian states, in Saxony, on the
Saal, 18 m. W. S, W, Leipsic, 6 N, E. Naumburg,
Lon, 11° 5ff E, Lat 51° 14' N, Pop 6,200.

WEL

W E O

783

Weissenhom, t, and citadel of Bavaria, 8 m, S,
E, Ulm,
l^eiijejisee, t, Prussian states, in Saxony, 14 m,
N, Erfurt, 17 N, W, Weiraar, Lon, 11° 6' E. Lat
51° IffN, Pop, 1,800,
Weissenstadt, t Bavaria, on the Egra, 6 ra. N, N,
W, Wensiedel, 15 N, E, Bayreuth, Pop, 1,247,
Weissenitz, or Weisserits, r. Saxony, whicfa runa
into the Elbe, near Dreaden,
Weistrits, r. Sileaia, which runs into the Oder,
near Schweidnitz.
Weitro, or Weitrach, t Ausfria, 36 m, N, W,
Crems, 68 W. N. W. Vienna. Lon. 14° 5ff E.
Lat 48" 41- N.
Welang, small isl. in the E. Indian sea. Lon.
130° Sff E. LatI°26'S.
Welau, t Prussia, 28 ra. E. S. E. Konigsberg,
Lou. 21° 23' E. Lat 54" 36' N,
Welby, p-v. Prince George co, Md,
Wdd, t Oxford co, Maine, 26 m. N, Paris,
Weldon, Great, t Eng. in Nortfaarapton co, 28
m, N, E. Northsunpton, 84 N, London,
Weldon, t Halifax co, N, C, al tiie foot of the
falls in the Roanoke,
Wetford, t. Eng, in Norlharaptonsfaire, 16 m, N.
W, Nortfasunplon,
Wdki, t. Bofaeraia, 7 ra. N, E, Prague,
Welland, r. Eng, which runs into tfae Gerraan
sea, in what is called tfae Wash, between the
counties of Lincoln smd Norfolk,
Welland, r. Canada, See Chippeway.
Wdyieet, p-t, Bamstable co. Mass. 31 ra, N, E,
Bamstable, 60 by waler S. E. Boston, Pop, 1,402,
Wdlingboraugh, t, Eng, in Northampton, lira.
N. E. Northampton, 68 N,. London, Lon, 0° 42'
W, Lat, 52° 2ff N,
WeUington, t Eng, in Salop co, • The parish is
large, containing 14 villages, and abounds in coal,
lime, and iron-stone, 11 ra. E. Shrewsbury, 143
N, W. London, Lon. 2" Sff W, Lat, 62" 44' N,
Pop, 8,213,
Wellington, t, Eng. in Soraerset co, with a con
siderable manufacture of serges and druggets,
&c. Pop, 3,874, 7 m, S. W, Taunton, 147 W.
S, W, London, Lon, 2° 24' W, Lat. 50" 67' N.
WeUington, t Bristol co. Mass, on fhe W, side
of Taunton river, 3 ra. S, Taunton, 35 S. Boston.
Wdlae, The, rock in the English channel, near
the coast of Cornwsdl, 9 ra. S, E, Penzsrace, Lou,
5°I4' W, Lat5°N,
Wells, city, Eng, in Soraerset co. It receives
its name from a remarkable spring, called St, .^in-
drew's Well, vulgarly Bottomless Well, The city
is sraall and compact, in general well built and
neatiy paved. 19 m, S, W, Bath, 121 W, London,
Lon, 2° SO' W, Lat 51° 11' N, Pop, 5,154,
Wdk, seaport, Eng, in Norfolk co. situated on
a small river, near the German sea, 30 m, N. E,
Lynn, 121 N, N, E. London. Lon, 0° 52' E, Lat,
52° 57'N, Pop. 2,316,
Wells, p-t, York co. Maine, on the coast, 13 m,
N. N, E, York, 32 S, W, Portland, Pop, in 1820,
2,660, Kennebunk, which was formerly included
in this town, now forms a separate township, ,
Wells, r. Vt, which runa into the Connecticut,
at Newbury,
Wdls, t RuUand co, Vt, 37 m, W, Windaor,
Pop, 1,040.
WeUs, t. Hamilton co, N, Y,
Wells, p-v. Beaufort co. S, C,
Wellsborough, p-t and cap, Tioga co. Pa. 45 m-
N, WiUiamsport,
Welkburg, formerly diarkstawn, p-f, and cap.

Brooke co. Va, pleasantly situated onthe Ohio, 6
ra, below SteubenviUe, 17 above Wheeling, 50 by
land S, W, Pittsburg- It contains about 200 hou
ses, a court-houae sind jad, church, printing-of
fice, and an extenaive pottery,
Wells's Passive, inlet on the N, W. coaat of
Araerica, branching off from Broughton'a archi
pelago, Welmich, or Welmenach, t Qerraany, jn Nas
sau, ou the right bank of the Rfaine, 1 ra, from Sf ,
Goar, Wets, t. Lower Austria, on the Traun, 1 1 ra, S,
S, W, Lintz, 96 W, Vienna, Lon, 14" E, Lat, 48°
Iff N, Pop, 3,240,
Welshpool, t. Wales, in Montgomery co, near
the Severa, 18 m, W, S, W, Shrewsbury, 169 W,
N, W, London, Lon, 3" ff W, Lat, 52° 34' N,
Pop, 2,300,
Wdtenburg, t. Bavaria, on the Danube, 20 m,
E, N, E. Ingoldstadt, 11 S, W, Ratiabon.
Welwam, t. Bofaeraia, ISra. N. Prague,
Wdwin, V. Eng, iu Herts, 26 m, S, Bedford, 25
N, London,
Welzheim, or Welzen, t, Wurtemburg, on the
Lein, 20 m, E, Stuttgart,, 6 S, E, Schomdorf,
Pop, 1,300,
Wem, t. Eng, in Salop, 1 1 m. N. Sfarewabufy,
164 N, W. London, Lon, 2° 47' W, Lat 52° 64'
N, Pop. 3,087.
Wemyjs, Easter, t Scotland, in Fifeafaire, on the
coaat, 5 m, N, E, Kirkcaldy,
Wemyss, a-p, Scotland, in Fifeahire, on fhe N.
side ofthe Fritfa of Fortfa, Coala and aalt are tfae
only exports, 4 ra. N, E. Kirkcaldy, Lon, 3° 4'
W, Lat 56° ffN,
Wendell, t Cheahire co. N. H, 27 m, N, W, Con
cord, Pop, 447,
Wendell, t Franklin co. Mass, 12 m, E. Green
field, Pop, 983,
Wendelstein, t. Bavaria, 6 m, S, Nuremberg, 26
E. Anspach. Lon. 11° 44' E, Lat 48° 18' N,
Wendlingen, t Wurtemburg, on the Lauter,
near the Neckar, 12 ra, S. E, Stuttgart, 28 N, W.
Ulm, Lon, 9° 27' E, Lat, 48° 38' N,
Wendaver, t. Eng, in Bucks co, 6 m. S. E, Ayles
bury, 35 N, W, London. Lon, 0° 4ff W, Lat, 5 1'
45' N,
Wendover, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada, on
the St. Francis, 25 m, S, Three Rivera,
Wenham, p-t, Esaex co, Masa, 6 m, N, E, Salem.
Pop, 554,
Wenlach, or Much Wenlock, t. Eng, in Salop, It
aenda two merabers lo parUaraent, 12 ra. S. E.
Shrewsbury, 147 N. W. London. Lon. 2° 36' W.
Lat. 52° 38'lPf . Pop. 2,079.
Wenner Lake, lake, Sweden, 80 m. long, and
from 20 to 30 wide, which discfaargea itself through
tfae Gotha Elbe, into die aea, near Gottenburg.
Wennersborg, t Sweden, at the S. W. extrerai
ty of WennerjLake, 16 ra. E. Uddevalla, 45 N.
Gotheborg. Lon. 12° 9' E. Lat. 58" 2ff N.
Wensbeck, r. Eng. which runa into the Germau
Sea,., Lat 55° 13' N,
Wentworth, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 5 m, N, W.
Rotherham, Wentworth, t. York co. Lower Canads^ 43 m,
W, Montreal,
Wentworth, p-t Grafton co, N, H, 45 ra, N,
.Concord, Pop. 645,
Weobly, t, Eng, in Hereford eo. It sends two
raembers to parliament, 12 t.. N, W, Hereford,
141 W, N, W, London, Lon. 9° 4T W, Lat, 52°
17' N, Pop, 600,

784

WES

WES

Werben, t Prussian States, in Saxony, at the
conflux of the Havel and Elbe, 33 m, N, N, W,
Brandenburg, 63 W, N, W. Beriin, Lon, 29° 44'
E, Lat 52" 5ff N, Pop, 1,400,
Werben, t. Prussian Statea, in Pomerania, 9 m,
S, S, W, Stargard,
Werdan, t Saxony, 6 ra, W, Zwickau, Pop,
3,000, Werdena, t Pruaaian Statea, 18 m, N, N, W,
Tilait, Werden, t Pruaaian Statea, in Weatphalia, on
the Roer, II m. N, E, Dusseldorf, Pop, 1,700,
Lon, 6° 6ff E, Lat 51° 18' N,
Werdenberg, t Switzerland, in Glarus, The
town is fortified, 11 m, S, S, E, Appenzell, 25 E,
N, E, Glarus,
Werder, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg, on
an ialand forraed by the Havel, 4 ra, W, Potzdara,
Pop. 1,600,
Were, or Wear, r. Eng, whicfa runa into tfae sea
at Sunderland : anciently called Vedra.
Were, r, Eng, which runs into the Avon near
Trowbridge. Weremauth, Bishop's, t Eng, in Durham, on
tfae Were, 12 m, N, N, E, Durhara, Lon, 1° 22'
W. Lat 54° 5ff N,
Weremauth, Monk's, t Eng. in Durham, at tfae
mouth ofthe Were, opposite Sunderland
Werfen, t. and forfress, Austria, on the Ssdza,
15 m, N, W, Radstadt, 14 S, S, W. Halein,
Wergda, or Guergela, t. Africa, in Biledulgerid,
300 m, S, Algiers, Lon, 4° Iff E, Lat, 31° 45' N,
Werl, t. Frussian Slates, in Westphalia, 13 ra,
W, S, W, Lippstadt, 52 N, E, Cologn, Lon, 7°
58' E, Lat. 51° Sff N,
Weme, t. Prussian States, in Westphalia, 19 m.
S, Munater, Lon, 7° 4ff E. Lat 61° 38' N, Pop.
1,400, Wemigerode, t. Prussian Stales, in Saxony, 12
m, S, W. Halberstadt, 27 S. S. E, WoUenbuttel,
Lon, 10° 52' E. Lat 61° 53' N, Pop, 6,500,
Wemitz, r. Gerraany, which runs into tfae Dan
ube, near Donauwert,
Werra, r. Gerraany, which rises in the princi
pality of Coburg, passes by Eisfeld, Hildbergfaau-
sen, Meinungen, Creutzberg, Allendorf, &:o, and
joining tfae Fulda at Munden, forms the Weser,
Wersolo, small isl, near the coast of Finland, at
the entrance into the Gulfof BoUmia, Lon, 31"
ff E, Lat60°46'N,
Wertheim, t. Germany, in Baden, al the conflux
of tfae Maine and Tauber, 42 m, E, N, E, Man
heim, 20 W, Wurzburg. Lon. 9° 35' E. Lat 49°
49' N. Pop. 3,227.
Werther, t. Prussian Stales, in Westphalia, 6 m,
N, N, W, Bielefeld, Pop. 1,300.
Wertingen, t. Bavaria, 14 m. N, N. W, Augs
burg, SO N, E. Ulm,
Wervick, or Warwick, or Verwick, t. Nether
lands, on the Lys, 3 ra. S. W. Menin. Pop, 4,1.'il.
Weschnitz, r. France, wfaich runs into the
Rhine, opposite Worms.
Wesel, t. Prussian Stater, in Clevcs-nnd-Berg,
on the Rhine, 17 ra, E, S. E. Cleves, 15 N. W,
Gueldres, Lon, 6" 38' E, Lat 51° Sff N. Pop,
6,500. Wesel, or Ober Wesel, t Germany, 20 m, S,
Coblentz, 46 E, N, E, Treves.
Wesenberg, t, Mecklcnburg-Strelilz, 42 m, N.
Spandau, Pop. 1,700,
Wcsenstein, t. Saxony, 8 m, S, S, E, Dresden.
Wesep, t, HoUand, on the Vccfat, well fortified
towards the cast, 4 »n, S, E, Amsterdam,

Weser, r, Germany, forraed by the union o{tIie
Werra and Fulda, wfaicfa passes by Hameln,
Minden, Hoya, Breraen, &o, and runs into the
Gerraan Sea, about lon, 8° E. lat 53° 48' N,
Wesley, t. Wsishington co. Ofaio, 15 m, W, M-ari-
etta. Pop. 172,
Weslingbuhren, t Holstein, near the coast.of the
North Sea, 53 ra, N, W, Hamburg, 30 S, W, Slea
wick, West, t. Huntingdon co. Pa, Pop, 998,
West, t. Columbiana co. Ohio,
West Bay, bay of the Engliafa Channel, on the
cosiat ofthe countiea of Doraet and Devon, of vast
extent. Westborough, p-t Worceater co. Mass, 13 m, E,
Worcester, SO W, Boston, Pop, 1,048,
West Boyktan, p-t. Worcester co. Maaa. 10 m.
N. Worcester. Pop. 632.
Westbrook, formerly Stroudwater, t, Cumberland
CO, Maine, 3 ra, W. Portiand.
Westbrook, p-v. Bladen co. N. C,
Westbury, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
80 m S. S, E. Tfaree Rivers.
West Cambridge, p-t Middlesex co. Mass, 9 m,
from Boston, Pop, 971,
West Cayuga, sraall v. Seneca co. N, Y. on the
W. side oif Cayuga lake, connected with East
Cayuga by a bridge 316 roda long.
West Chester, co. N, Y. bounded N by Putnam
CO. E. by Connecticut, S, by Long laland Sound,
and W, by tfae Hudson, Pop. 30,272. Chief
towna, Bedford, and Wliite Plains.
Westchester, p-t Westchester co. N, Y. 12 m.
frora New- York, Pop, 1,969, It faas many ele
gant country seats.
Westchester, p-t. borough, and cap, Chester co.
Pa, 24 m. W, Philadelphisi, It contains a coort-
house, jail, msu-ket faouse, bsmk, and Catholic
churcfa, Westchester, t. Tuscarawas co. Ofaio.
Westerla, t Albany co. N. Y.
Westerly, p-t, Wsishington co, R. I. on Uie sea
coast, 36 ra. W. Newport, 36 S. W. Providence.
Pop, 1,91 1, Il contains the village of Pawcalnck,
in whicfa are 60 dwelling houses, an extenaive
wooUen factory, 2 banks, and 2 academies.
Western, p-t Worcester co. Msiss, 22 m, S, W,
Worcester. Pop, 1,014
Western, t Oneida co. N. Y, on fhe Mofaawk, 20
ra, frora Utica, Pop, 2,416,
Western part, p-v, Alleghsray eo. Md.
Western States, a division of the Um'ted States,
comprising the Slates whicfa Ue wholly westof the
Alleghany mountsuns ; viz, Tennessee, Kentucky,
Ofaio, Indiana, Illinois, srad Missouri.
West Fairlee, t. Orange co, Vt. 35 m, S, E.
Montpelier. West falls, t Pickaway co, Ofaio, on tfae Scioto,
nearly opposite CircleviUe, 26 m, S, Columbus,
West farms, p-v, We^Cheater co, N, Y.
Westfield, t. King's co, New-Brunswick, ou
Kennebecasis bay.
Westfidd, t. Orleans co. Vt. 42 ra. N. Montpe
lier, Pop. 149,
Westfield, p-l, Hamden co. Mass, 6 m. W, Spring
field, Pop, 2,130, Tfae viUage of Westfield is
handsoraely built, and contains a Congregational
church, and au academy,
Westfield, r. Mass, which rises in Berkshire co,
and running S. E, falls into the Connecticut at
West-Springfield, H'estfidd, t, anOi cap, Richmond co, en Statea

WES
island, N, Y, at Uie S, W, extremity ofthe island.
Pop, 1,444,
Westfield, p-t, Essex co. N, J, 7 ra, W, Eliza.-
betfalown. Pop. 2,152.
Westford, p-t, Chittenden co, Vt 13 ra, N. E,
BurUngton, Pop, 1,107,
Westford, p-t, Middlesex co. Mass, 28 m, N, W
Boston, Pop, 1,330, Here is an acaderay.
Westford, t Otsego co, N, Y, 8 m, S, E, Coop
erstown, Pop, 1,215,
West Greenwich, t Kent co, R. I, 18 ra, S, W,
Providence. Pop. 1,619.
Westham, t Henrico co. Va. on tfae N. side of
James river, 6 m. above Ricfamond.
Westhampton, t. Hampsliire co. Mass. 9 m. W.
Northarapton. Pop, 793,
Westhampton, p-v, ^(^utfaarapton, N, Y,
West Harbour, bay on tfae S, coast of JamaicEi,
forraed by a peninsula, csdled Portland Ridge.
Lon, 77" W, Lat, 17° 48' N,
West-Haver.., p-t, Rutiand co, Vt, on Lake
Charaplain, 47 m, W, Windsor, Pop, 679,
West-Haven, a parish of New-Haven, Ct, pleas
anUy situated on the harbor smd the Sound, S m.
W. of tfae city.
West Island, one of the smaUer Pfailippine isl
ands, near tfae S. coast of Mindoro. Lon. 121° 12'
E, Lat 12° 18'N.
West isles, t Chsirlotf e co. New-Brunswick, on
the coast, including Carapo Bello, Grand Menan,
and otfaer islands,
Westland, t Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 ra, W, Cam-
¦ bridge. Pop, 251,
Westminster, t Middlesex co. Up. Canada,
Westminster, p-t. Windham co. Vt on Connecli-
cutriver, 27 ra, below Windsor, Pop. 1,926.
Westminster, p-t. Worcester co. Mass. 21 ra. N.
Worcester, 64 W. N. W. Boston. Pop. 1,419.
Westminster, p-t. Frederick co, Md. 26 m, N, W,
Baltimore, 47 N, Wsishington,
Westmore, t Essex co, Vt 43 ra. N. E. Mont
pelier, Pop, 71,
f^ej/more/ond, co, New-Brunswick, bordering
on Nova Scotis^ and the gulfof St Lawrence.
Westmoreland, p-t, Cheshire co, N, H, on Con
necticut river, 48 m. S. W. Concord, Pop, 1,937,
It contoins 3 churches, 2 for Baptists, and 1 for
Congregationalists. Westmoreland, p-t Oneida co. N. Y. 10 ra. W.
Utica, 8 S. Rome, 107 W, Albany, Pop, in 1810,
1,135; in 1820,2,776,
Westmardand, co. Pa. inclosed by tfae counties
of Armstrong, Indi-ana, Cambria, Somerset, Fay
ette, Wasfaington, and AUegfaany. Pop. 26,392.
Cfaief town, Greehsburg.
Westmoreland, co. Va. bounded N. by tfae Poto
mac, S. E. by Northumberland co. S. W. by Rich
mond CO, and W, by King George co. Pop, 8, 102,
including 4,080 slaves, Cfaief town, Leeds, At
the court-house is a post q^e,
West-Noughton, t, Eng, in Lancashire, near
Mancheater, Weston, p-f, Middlesex co. Mass, 15 m, W, Bos
ton, Pop, 1,008,
Weston, t. Fairfield co. Ct 8 m. from Long Isl
and Sound. Pop. 2,618. Here is an academy.
Westovm, t. Delaware co. Pa. 4 m. E. S. E.
Westchester, 19 W. Philadelphisu It contsuns a
large and respectable Quaker boarding schooL
West Point, p-v. smd military post, in Cornwall,
Orange co. N. Y. on the W. bank of the Hudson,
at its passage tfarough the highlands, 7 ra. S. New
burgh, 58 N, New- York. During the Revolu-
99

WES

785

tionary war it was sfrongly fortified, and deeraed
one of the most important posts in America, bu^
the works are now in ruins. A military academy
was established faere in 1802, by tfae general gov
ernment, and in 1812, 25,000 doUars were appro
priated for erecting buildings, and procuring a li
brary and apparatus. The academy now con
sists of a professor and assistant professor of natu
ral and experimental philosopfay, a professor and
assistant professor of raatheraatica, a professor and
assistant profeaaor of the art of engineering, a
chaplain, who ia alao professor of ethics, an iu-
sfructor in tactics, an instructor in artillery, a sur
geon who is acting profiessor of chemistry, a teach
er of the French language, a teacher of drawing,
and a sword master. The nuraber of cadets is
Umited to 250.
Westpart, p-t with a port, Bristol co. Mass. 24
m. S. Taunton, 59 S. Boston. Pdp. 2,685.- R ia a
flourishing town witfa considerable trade.
Westpart, p-t Easex co. N. Y, on Lake Cfaam
plain, E. of EUzabetfatown,
Westpart, p-t.. Henry CO. Ken, on a faigfa bluff
near the Ohio, 48 ra, below the mouth of Ken-
tuck^ river, 17 above Louisville, It has about 30
housea, Westraysvilk, p-v. Nash co, N, C,
West river, r. Vt. which runs into the Connecti
cut 10 m. from the S, boundary of the State,
West river, p-v. Ontario co, N, Y,
West river, p-v, Ann Arundel co. Md,
West-Springfield, p-t, Hamden co. Mass, on the
W. side of Connecticut river, opposite Springfield,
Pop. 3,109,
West-Stackbridge, p-t, Berksfaire co. Mass, 10 m,
S, S, W, Leno*, Pop, 1,049,
West-Union, p-t. and cap, Adams co, Ofaio, .56
m, S, W, CfaiUicolfae, It contains a court-faouse
and jail, 2 churches, and about 60 dwelling houses,
West-Union, t. Columbiana co, Ofaio.
Western Reef, rocks in the Spanisfa Main, near
the Musquito shore, Lon, 82° 25' W, Lat 14° 42' N,
Westbury, t. Eng, in Wilts, 26 m. W, N, W,
Salisbury, 101 W. London, Lon, 2° 12° W, Lat,
51° 16' N,
Westbury, v. Eng, in Gloucester co. 2 m, N, W,
Bristol, Westeras, or Westerahs, t. Sweden, on the N,
coaat of tfae Malar Lake, tfae see of a bisfaop.
Here is a caatle, and a weigfaing-faouse for metola,
wfaence a vast quantity of iron, copper, and brass
is exported every year to Stockholm, Tfae trade
carried on is very considerable, 36 m, W, S, W.
Upsal, 48 W, N. W, Stockholm, Lon, 16° 31' E.
Lat 59° 36' N. Pop. 3,229.
Westerburg, t. Germany, in the duchy of Nas
sau, 16 ra. W. N, W, Weiburg, 34 N. Mentz,
Pop, 1,300.
Weslerham, or Westrom, t. Eng, in Kent, 20 ra,
W, S, W, Maidstone, 22 S, London, Lon, 0° S'E.
Lat 51° 16'N.
Western Islands. See Azores.
Western Islands. See Hebrides.
Westerwyck, s-p. Sweden, on a bay of the Bal
tic, witfa a good harbour, and a brisk trade in ship
timber, smd all sorts of naval stores. 68 m. N.
Calmar. Lon, 16° 24' E, Lat 57° 45' N, Pop,
2,608, Westhofen, t, France, in Lower Rhine, 12 m, W,
Strasburg, OS, S, E, Savern, Pop, 2,092,
Westhoven, t. Prussian States, in WestphaUa,
at the foot of a mountain near tfae Roer, 4 m, S,
W, Schwiert. Pop. 800.
West Indies, islands between Florida and the

786

WET

northern coast of S. America. Trinidsid is the
fartheresf soutfa, Barbadoes the fartherest east,
Cuba the fartherest west, and the Baharaa islands
the fartherest north, Tfaey belong to various
European nations, principally to the English
and Spaniards, The whole population is about
2,000,000, ofwhom three-fourths are slaves,
Westman, or Westmonia, isl, in the North sea,
hear the coast of Iceland, Lou, 20° 28' W, Lat,
63° 20' N,
Westmannland, or Westmanio, in the old divis
ion of Sweden, a province, bounded N, by Dale
carlia, E, by Uplsuid, S. by Sudermannland, Ne
ricia, and the Malar Lake, and W, by Warme
land ; about 110 miles long and 80 broad,
. Westmeath, county, Ireland, bounded N, by Ca
van, N, E, and E, by Meath, S, by King's county,
W, by Roscommon, and N, W.by Longford. Pop.
•70,080. - Westminster, city, Eng. on the left bank of tfae
Tharaea, and so united to London as to appear one
city. It is said to take its narae from the abbey or
niinster, situated to the west of St. Paul's, or tfae
city of London. Il was for many ages a place en
tirely distinct from London, and tfaere was a large
space between tfaera. The Strand wsis tfae road
wfaich led from London lo that town. It contoins
two parishes, St. Margaret's and St John's, and
seven others within its liberties, viz. St. Martin' s-
in-the-Fields, St James's, St Ann's, St, Clera-
ent's, Danes, St Mary-le-Sfrand, St George's,
Hanover-square, and St, Paul's Covenl-garden,
with the precinct of the Savoy. Two merabers
are returned to parliament. Pop. 162,085.
Westminster Hall, isl. in tfae Straits of Magellan,
N. E. of Cape Pillar, Lon, 76° 16' W, Lat 52"
34' S.
Westmoreland, county, Eng, bounded N, and N.
W, by Cumberland, E, by Yorkshire, and S, and
S, W, by Lancasfaire ; about 40 miles long and 24
broad, Pop,45,9?2, -
Westae, t, Eng, in Durfaam, 2 m, S, Sfaields,
Westphalia, one of the ten provinces into which
the Prussian States were divided in 1815., Itis
subdivided into the governments of Munster, Min
den, and Arensberg, Extent, 7,665 square milea.
Pop. 1,000,000, Revenue, 680,000/, Chief towns,
Minden and Munster,
Westphalia, formerly a circle of Germany,
bounded N, by the Dutcfa stales, W, by the Neth
erlands, and elsewhere by the circlea ofthe Rhine,
Upper and Lower,
Westphalia, lately a kingdom in Germany,
formed of several principalities, taken frora the
king of Pruasia, after the batUe of Friedland, ly
ing west of the Elbe and the Saale, Il contain
ed 2,000,000 inhabitants, but wsis abolished on the
downfaU of Bonaparte,
Westpart, s-p, Ireland, in Mayo co, at tfae raoutfa
6f a amaU river, whoae mouth forma a fine bay
within Clew bay, 8 m, W, Csistlebar, Lon, 9°
22' W, Lat 63° 48' N.
Westra, one ofthe Orkney islands, about 8 miles
long, 9 ra, N. N. E. from the island of Poraona.
Lon, 2° 49' W. Lat 59° 9' N. Pop. 1,300.
Welherby, or Weatherby, t. Eng. in Yorkshire,
ou the Wharf, 13 m. W. York, 191 N. London.
Lon. 1''22' W. Lat 53° 56' N.
Wetherrfkld, p-t. Hartford co. Conn,; pleasantly
situated on tfae W. bank of Connecticut river, 4
m, below Hartford, It contains an academy, and
3 pariafaea, in each of which is a Cougregationsd
meeting-house. The inhabitanta are generally

WEY
wealthy farraers, and rsuse large quantities of on-
iona, whicfa are exported to different parta of the
U. States, and to the W. Indies, Pop, 3,931,
Wetter, t, Prussian States, in Westpfaalisi, 6 m.
S, W, Schwiert -
Wetter, t. Gerraany, 6 m. N. W. Marburg, 34
i. W. Cassel. Lon. 8° 45' E. Lat 50° 64' N.
Wetter, r. Germany, which runs into tfae Nid
da, at Assenheirai
Wetter Island, isl. in fhe E. Indian sea, about 90
miles in circumference. Lon. 126° 40' E. Lat 7°
24' S. , .
Wetter Lake, lake, Sweden, between 68° and
59° N. lat 65 miles long, and from 10 to 16 wide.
This lake has but one outiet by the river Motola.
Wetting, t. Gerraany, onthe Saal, 34 m. S. Mag
deburg, 26 N. N. W. L)#sick. Lon. 12° 3' E.
Laf. 51° 37' N. Pop. 2,031:
Wettingen, t Swisserland, on the Limmat, with
a celebrated wooden bridge, 1 m. S, Baden.
Welz, r. Germany, whicfa runs into the Lahn,
near Wetzlar.
Wetzlar, t Prussian States, in Lower Rhine, ou
the L%hn,:46 ra, E, Coblentz, 32 N. N. E. Mentz.
Lon. 8° S3' E. Lat 60° 34' N. Pop. 4,000.
WeveUburg, t and citadel, Germany, 8 m. S.
Paderborn. Wever, r. Eng. in Cheshfre, which runs into the
Dee, 7 m. N. Cfaester.
Weverham, t, Eng. in Cheshire, 3 m. W.North-
wicfa. Wexford, county, Ireland, bounded N. by Wick
low, E. and S. by the sea, W. by Waterford and
Kilkenny, and N. W. by Carlow. Pop, 132,000,
Wexford, s-p, Ireland, in Wexford co, at the
mouth of the Slaney, with a large and beautiful
harbour, in St, George's chsmnel ; but tfae wateris
not deep enough to admit large vessels. The gen
eral appearance of tfae town is mean. Much
woollen cloth is raanufaclured in the town and
neigfabourhood. 25 ra. W. N. W. Waterford, 60
S. Dublin. Lon. 6° 29' W. Lat 62° 22' N. Pop.
9,000, Wexio, t Sweden, on tiie Helga Lake, the see of
a bishop, 46 m, N, N, W, Csu-lscrona, Lon, 14°
44'E, Lat 56° 52'N,
Wey, r. Eng. which runs into the Thames at
Weybridge, This river is navigable to Guilford
and Godalmin, srad a canal leads firom it to Baa-
ingsfroke, in Hsunpshfre,
Weybridge, t Eng, in Surry, at the conSux of
the Wey and the Thames, 9 m, & W, Kingston, SO
S. W, London,
Weybridge, t. Addison co, Vt on Otter creek,
opposite Middlebury.
Weyda, t Germany, in Saxe Weimar, on the
Elster, II m, E, N, E, Neustodt, 70 W, S, W,
Dresden, Lon, 12° 1' E. Lat 50° 42' N, Pop.
1,400. Wet/da, r. Germsray^jafhicfa runs into the Elster
2 m, N, Weyda. ^
Weydenau, t Silesia, 8 m. S. W. Neisse, 16 S.
S. E. Munsterburg. Lon. 17° Z E. Lat 50° 12' N;
Weyersheim, t. France, in Lower Rhine, 9 m.
N. Strasburg.
WeyhiU, v. Eng. iu Hants, 3 m. W. Andover, 68
W. S. W. Loudon.
Wi^l, or Wyl, t Swisseriand, 14 m. S. S. W,
Constance, 14 W. St, Gal.
Weymouth, s-p, Eng, in Dorsetshire, at the
mouth ofthe Wey, It is a well-frequented port,
and is defended by two oasties, Sandford and Port
land, Weymouth sends two members to pazVStf

W H I
aient. 9 m, -S. Dorchester, 129 W, S, W, Lon
don, Lon, 2° 38.' W. Lat 60° 36' N, Pop, 4,732,
Weymouth, p-t, Norfolk co. Mass, 14 ra, S, Bos
ton, 17 S, E, Dedham, Pop, 1,889,
W^/mouth, t, Gloucester co. N. J, Pop. 1,029,
Weymouth furnace, p-v, Gloucester co, N, Y,
Weypert, t. Bohemia, 26 m. N, W, Saatz, 60 W,
N. W. Prague. Lon. 13» E, Lat, 50° 25' N.
Whale Bank, fishing bank on the coast of New
foundland, 60 miles long and 21 wide. 90 ra. S.
Cape Mary. Lon. 63? 50' W. Laf. 45° N.
Whale Island, small isl. in the Nortfa sea. Lon.
134° W. Lat 69° 14' N,
Whale Island, smaU isl; near the N, W, coast of
Borneo. Lon. 1 12" 21' E, Lat 4° 10' N,
Whale, r. W, Africa, which flows into the At
lantic, N, of Cape SfaUling,
Wharfe, or Wherfe, r, Eng, iu York, wfaich runs
info the Ouse, 7 m, below York.
Wharton, t Fayette co. Pa, Pop, 922,
Whatky, p-t, Hampshire co. Mass, on the W,
sideof Connecticut river, 10 m, above Northarap
ton, Pop. 891,
Wheatfield, t. Indiana co. Pa. Pop, 1,475,
Wheat plains, p-v. Pike co. Pa,
Wheatsborough, p-f, Huron co, Ofaio,
Wheeling, r. Va, wfaicfa runs into tfae Ofaio at
Wheeling, Weeding, p-l. and cap, Ohio co, Virginia, on
Ohio river, at the raoutfa of WheeUng creek, 57
m. S. W, Pittsburg, by the road, 95 by the river:
It stands on ahigfa bank, and the buildings are
chiefiy on one street, running parallel with tfae
river. The town contained in 1817, a court
house, jail, churcfa, nail factory, and about 200
houses, "The great road from WfaeeUng to Cum
berland ou tfae Potomac, is now open. This road
completes the communication between Baltiraore
and the navigable western waters, and will doubt
less cause Wheeling to rise rapidly iu population
and commercial importence.
Wheeling, t, Guernsey co, Ohio, on Wills creek,
8 m, N. Cambridge. Pop. 171.
Wheeling,t. Belraont co, Ohio, 4 m, N, St Clairs
vUle, Pop. in 1819, 1,295.
Wheelock, p-t, Caledonia co, Vt, SO m, N, E,
MontpeUer, Pop, 964.
Wherwell, v. Eng. in Hants, 4 ra. S. Andover.
Whetstone, r. Ohio, whicfa runs info tfae Scioto,
at Columbus.
Whidah, kingdom, Africa, on tfae Slave coast,
extending about 10 miles sdong the cosist, and
about 7 mUes into tfae laud.
Whidah, t. Africa, in the county of Whidah.
Lon. 1° 24' E. Lat 6° 26' N.
Whidby's Island, isl. in the gulfof Georgia, near
the N.W. coast of Araerica, about 36 railes long,
and from 2 to 6 broad. Lon. 237" 40' E. Lat 48"
10' N.
Whiddy, isl. on the S, ooast of Ireland, in Ban-
try Bay, 2 ra, W. Bantry. Lon. 9° 25' W. Lat
51°40'N, Whitby, s-p, Eng. in Yorksfaire, at tfae mouth of
the Esk, on the Gerraan sea. Tfae harboUr is con
venient Several vessels are employed in the
Greenland fishery. In tfae neigfabourfaood are
some large alum works, 46 ra, N. N, E. York,
343 N, London, Lon. 1° 55' W, Lat 64° SO' N,
Pop. 7,483.
Whitby, t. York co. Upper Canada, on Lake
Ontario, E. of York.
White, CO. West Tennessee. Pop, 4,028, inclu
ding 283 slaves. Chief town, Sparta, At the
court-house is a post-office.

W H I

787

While, CO, Illinois, on the Wabash, Pop, in
1818, 3,539. Cfaief town, Carmi,
White Bay, bay on the E, ooast of Newfound
land, Lon, 66° 25' W, Lat, 50° 10' N,
White Bay, bay on the E, coast of Kerguelen's
Land, Lon, 69° 15' Ej Lat, 47° 53' S,
White Muff, settlement, Chatfaam co, Geo, 7 ra.
S. Savannafa.
White chimnies, p-v. CaroUne co. Va.
Whitechureh, t. Eng. in Hants, 25 m. E. Salis
bury, 58 W. S. W. London, Lon. 1° 17' W, Lat
51" 14' N,
Whitechureh, t. Eng, in Salop, 20 m, N, Sfarews-
bury, 161 N.W,, London, Lon, 2° 44' W, Lat.
5S°1' N,
Whitechureh, t York co. Upper Canadsi N. of
York, White clay, hundred. New Castle co, Del, Pop,
1,701, White Cliff, or Culver Cliff, cape ofthe E, coast
of tfae Isle of Wight Lon, 0° 56' W, Lat. 50"
39' N.
White creek, t. Washington co. N. Y. 36 ra. N.
E. Albany. Here is an academy.
White deer, p-t. Northumberland co. Psu on tfae '
Susquefaaunah. Pop. 1,132.
Whitefidd, p-t. Lincoln co. Maine, on botfa
sides of Sheepscot river, 16 ra. N. Wiscasset Pop.
996. WhitefkU, t. Coos co, N, H, 4 m. from Connec
ticut river, 76 N, Concord,
Whitefish point, peninsula, Michigan Territo
ry, extending into Lake Superior, 33 ra, W, St
Mary's river,
Whitehall; (formerly Skenesbaraugh,) p-t, Wasfa
ington CO, N, y, at tfae S, extremity of Lake
Cfaamplain, 65 m, N, Albany, 70 S, BurUngtonj
150 S. St, John's, It has 4 houses of public wor
ship, 1 for Congregationalists, 1 for Presbyterians^
I for Baptists, and 1 for Metfaodists, Pop, 2,lia
Whitefaall viUage is a well built and thriving lit
Ue place, on botfa sides of Wood Creek, al ito en
trance into Lake Cfaamplain, and at tfae head of
navigation on the lake. Several sloops of frora 40
to 80 tons are owned faere, and a steara-boat con
stantly plies between WhitehaU and St, John's,
througfa the whole extent of the lake. The frade
of a considerable extent of country is naturaUy
concentrated here, giving lo the village the bus
tle and crowded aspect of a port, A canal from
WhitefaaU to Fort Edward, connecting Lake
Cfaaraplain witfa the Hudson, is now completed.
See New-York, State af.
WhitehaU, t. Lehigh co. Pa, on the Lehigh, 10
ra, W, N, Vif Bethlehem, Pop, 2,651,
Whitehall, p-v. Mecklenburg co, N, C,
White haven, p-v, Somerset co, Md,
White Head, cape, Ireland, on the coast of An
trim, at tfae entrance into Belfast Lougfa,
White Island, isl, near tfae E, coast of New Zea
land, Lon, 182° 36' W, Lat 37° SI'S,
White Island, small isl, near tfae S, E, coast of
Nova Scotia, Lon, 61° 50' W, Lat 44° 55' N,
White Island, or Burnt Island, sraall isl. in tfae
Arabian Gulf, near tfae coastof Adel. Lon. 64°
55'E.Lat 11° 8'N.
White Keys River, r. Africa, wfaicfa runs iuto
the Indian sea, in lat. 30° 35' S.
Whiteland, East, t Chester co. Pa. Pop. 779.
Whileknd, West, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 635.
Whitdy, CO. Ken, At the court-house is a post-
ofifice.

788

W H I

WHI

Whiteleysburg, p-v, Kent co, Del,
Whitemarsh, p-v. Montgoraery co. Pa, on the
SchuylkiU, 12 m. N, W, Philadelphia, Pop,
1,328, White Maunlains, or White Hills, mountains,
New-Hampshire, lying 30 m. N„ of Winnipiseo
gee lake, and 70 N, Concord, They are the lofti
est mountains in the United States, Within a
circuit of 60 railes there are 6 peaks, whose ele
vation exceeds 4,000 feet, and Mount Washington,
the highest summit, was formerly estimated at
10,000, but more recent and accurate calculations
reduce it to between 6,000 and 7,000, Mount
Washington is frequently visited by traveUers
who ascend it by varioua routes, but raost usually
from the S, E, coraraencing in the town of Con-
Way, and following the course of Ellis river, a
nortfaern branch ofthe Saco, whicfa has ita origin
high in the mountain. After climbing by the side
of tfais stream for a considerable distence, tfae trees
of tfae mountain begin to dirainisfain height, till at
the elevation of about 4,000 feet, you come to a
region of dwarfish evergeens, about the faeigfat of
a man's faead, wfaicfa put fortfa numerous strong
horizontol brancfaes, wfaicfa are closely interwoven
with each other, and surround the mountain with
a formidable hedge, a quarter of a mile in thick
ness. On emerging from this thicket, you sure
above all woods, at the foot of wfaat is called the
bald part of tfae mountain, wfaicfa is very sleep, and
consists ofa fauge pile of naked rocks. After at
taining tfae sumrait, tfae traveller is recorapenaed
for his toil, if the sky be serene, with a raost noble
and extensive prospect On the S, E. tfaere is a
view of tfae Atisratic Ocean, the nearest part of
which is 65 miles distant in a direct line, and on
the south, Winnipiseogee lake lies in full view.
The barren rocto which extend for a great dis
tance in every direction from the summit^ add a
melancfaoly grandeur to the acene, — The Notch
or Gap, on the west side of the mountains near
the source of Saco river, ia alao frequented by
travellera. It is a deep and narrow defile, in one
part only 22 feet wide. The whole mountain,
which otherwise forma a continued range, appeara
as if cloven down quite to its bsise, perpendicular
ly on one side, and on the otfaer at an angle of 45
degrees. The road from Lancaster to Portland,
which passes through tfais gap, is crossed by tfae
river Saco, wfaich coraes tumbling down the sides
ofthe raountain ; and aeveral brooks, the tributa
ries ofthe Saco, fall down the declivities, forraing
a aucceaaion of beautiful cascades witfain sigfat of
tfae road. No part ofthe mountain is raore inter
eating and picturesque than the scenery of this
natural gap.
While oak, p-v. Rutherford co. N. C,
White oak creek, Ohio, runs into the Ohio, 5 in,
below Ripley,
White oak spring, p-v. Gibson co. Indiana.
Whiteplains, p-t, Westcheater co. N, Y, 6 m, E.
Hudaon river, SO frora New- York,, Pop. 693,
The courta of tfae county are held allcrnately here
and at Bedford,
White plains, p-v. Orange co, Va,
Whiteplains, p-v, Granville co, N, C.
While plains, p-v. White co, Tenneaaee,
Whilepost, p-v. Frederick co, Va,
White river, r. Vt which flows into the Conuec-
licut 15 m.above Windsor,
Whik river, Indiana, runs nearly parallel witfa

the Ohio, at the distance of from 40 to 60 tailet
and enters tfae Wabash, 16 ra, below Vincennes.
White river, t, Knox co, Indiana. Pop. 974,
White river, r, which rises iu the western part
of the Arkanaaw Territory, srad sifter a circuitous
courae of raore than 1,200 railea, faUa into tbe Mia
aiaaippi 20 m, above tbe raouth of tfae Arkansaw.
Tfaere are no obatructiona to tfae navigation for
many faundred milea, and tfae water is aufficienUy
deep even in tfae dryeat aeaaona. The kmda on
thia river have never been explored tUl receuUy.
They are now univerasilly repreaeuted by those
who have traveraed tfae country, as exfremely
fertile, and simong the finest in America for set
tlement, A traci of at least 100 milea square may
be chosen, which is not surpassed by the best lands
in Kentucky,
Whitebum, t Scotland, in LinUtbgow, 21 m-
W. Edinburgh, 23 E, S, E, Glasgow,
Whitehaven, s-p, Eng, in Curaberland co, on a
bay of the Irish sea. It baa a good artificial har
bour, with a long pier. The coal-mineB here are
aunk to the dep& of 130 fathoma, and extend un
der the sea. Here are copperas worka, which
yield conaiderable profit Its chief trade ia fur-
niahing Ireland and part of Scotland with salt and
coal, 40 ra. S. W. Carlisle, 303 N. N, W, Lon
don, Lon, 3° 28' W, Lat 64° 28' N, Pop, 10,016,
Whitehom, or Withem, t Scotiand, in Wigton
CO. 12 m. S. Wigton, 409 N. Loudon. Lon. 4°
27' W. Lat 64° 60' N. Pop. 1,904.
Whitehom, smaU isl. Scotiand, near fhe S. E.
coaat of Wigton. Lon. 4° 27' W. Lat 54' 46' N.
Whitekirk, t Scotland, in Hsiddington, 4 m. S,
E. Nortfa Berwick.
Whiten Head, cape on tfae N. coast of Scotland.
Lon. 4° 22' W. Lat 58° 37' N.
Whilesand boy, bay on the W. coast of Eng
lsrad, in Cornwall, N. of the Land's .End. Lon.
6° 34' W. Lat 60° 6' N.
Whitesborough, p-v. in Whitestown, and cap, of
Oneida co- N, Y, 4 m, N, W. Utica, Ilia princi
pally built on a single street, I| miles long, and
contains a fasindsome court-bouse, a jsul, and 2
churcfaes, 1 for Baptists and 1 for Preabyterians,
Msray of tfae dwelling faouses are elegant
White's creek, p-v. Rfaea co, Tennesaee,
While Sea, large gulf of the Frozen Sea, on the
N. coast of Russia, Lon, 31" to 41° E. Lat 63° 30'
to 67° 20' N,
Whitestown, p-t Oneida co, N, Y, on tfae Mo
faawk, comprising the viUages of Utics^ Whites
borough, and New Hartford, Pop. 4,912,
WhitesviUe, t and cap, Colurabus co, N. C,
White sulphur springs, p-v. Greenbriar co, Va.
White water, i , which rises in Indiana, srad re
ceiving nuraerous tributaries, runs into the Mi
arai, in Ohio, 5 m, above the junction of tfaat riv
er with the Ohio, 20 below BrookviUe, It is s.
beautiful transparent stream. It has a rapid cur
rent, not easily navigable, but is well adapted to
mills, and many are now erected.
White woman's river, Ohio, is forraed by the un
ion of Mohiccan and Owl creeks, and flows into
the Muskingum, at Coshocton,
Whiting, p-t Addison co, Vt on Otter creek,
50 ra, S. W, MontpeUer, Pop, 665,
Whitingliom, p-t Windhara co, Vt, 52 m. S-
Windsor, Pop, 1,248,
Whitky, t Greene co. Pa, Pop, 1,264,
Whilpaine, t. Montgoraery co. Pa, Pop. 955,
Whitstabk, s-p. Eng, in Kent, near the mouth

W I E
of the Swale, 7 m, N. Canterbury, 58 E, London,
Lon. I" 2'E, Lat 51° 22'N.
Whitsun Island, isl, in the S, Pacifio ocean,
hm. 137" 66' W, Lat, 19° 26' S,
Whitsun, or Whitsunday Island, or Pentecost,
one of the New Hebrides, about 30 miles long and
8 broad, Lon, 168° 20'E, Lat. 15" 44'S,
Whittle k Woods, t. Eng, in Lancashire, 5 m. N.
Wigan, Whittlesea, t Eng, in Cambridge, 18 m, N, E,
Huntingdon, 77 N, London.
Whitton, t. Eng, in Lincolnshire, on the Hum
ber, 15 m, N, N, W, Glamford Brires,
Wkgtnea Road, a road on the S, W, coast of the
isl'and of Attooi,
Wiblingen, t, Wurteraberg, with a benedictine
abbey, near the conflux of the Her with the Dan
ube, Sm. S. S.W. Ulm,
Wiburg. See Viborg.
Wick, seaport, Scotland, in Caithness co, al tfae
raoutfa of a river of the ssime narae, wfaich forms
abay of tfae Nortfaern ocean. It is a royal burgh,
18 m, S, John O'Groat's House, 272 N, Edin
burgh, Lon, 2" 59' W. Laf, 58" 24' N, Pop,
5,080, Wickerad, t. Germany, 3m. N.E, Erkelens, 12
N. Juliers.
Wickford, p-v. in Nortfa Kingston, R. I. on Nar
raganset bay, 9 m. N. W. Newport. It is pleas-
sratiy situated, and contains about 100 dwelling-
houses, a bank, an acaderay with a building of 60
feet by 30, and about 60 students; 3 cfaurches, 1
each for Bapti^fs^ Episcopalians, and Quakers.
Wickham, f . Eng. in Durhara, 4 ra. W. S. W.
Newcastle. Wickham Market, t. Eng. in SuffoUc, 12 m, N, E.
Ipswich, 81 N. N. E, London.
Wiclfiom, t Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
on the St Frsmcis, 30 ra, S, Three-Rivers,
Wickham, f. Queens co. New Brunswick, on
the E, side of the St John's,
Wicklow, county, Ireland, bounded N, by Dub
lin, E, by the Irish sea, S, by Wexford, and W. by
Kildare aud Carlow. Pop, about 60,000.
Wicklow, seaport, Ireland, in Wicklow co, on a
small faarbor on the Irisfa sea, 41 m. N, Wexford,
22 S. DubUn, Lon. 6° 3' W, Lat 52° 59' N.
' Wickwore, t Eng. in Gloucester, 23 m, S, Glou
cester, 111 W, London. Lon, 2° 26'W. Lat 61°
39' N.
Wicomico, i. Md, which runs into Fishing bay,
on the E, aide of the Cfaesapeake.
Wied, or Old Wied, t. Germany, 9 ra. N, Co
blentz. Wiedenbruck, t Prussisin states, iu Westphalia,
32 m. S, S, E. Osnabruck, Lon, 8° 18' E, Lat,
51" 45' N, Pop, 1,900,
Wiegondsthal, or Wiegenthal, t. Prussisra states,
in Silesia, 1 1 ra. S, Lauban.
Wiehe, t. Prussian stales, in Saxony, 26 m. N,
N,E, Erfurt, 19 N, Weiraar, Lon. 11° 35' E,
Lat 51° 18' N, Pop, 1,600,
Wielicsa, t Austrian Poland, celebrated for its
salt-mines, which produce a great revenue. The
infaabitants reside chiefly in tfae mines, and tfae
church is under ground. 8 m, S, Cracow, Pop,
2,200, Wie7i, t. Austria, which runs into the Danube,
at Vienna,
Wieprz, or Wirps, r, Poland, wfaich runs into
the Vistula, near Stericza, ¦
Wicsen, r. Germany, which runs into the
Rhine, a little below Bale.

W I L

789

Wiesensteig, t. Wurteraberg, and capital of a
lordship of tfae same name, 25 m, S, E, Stuttgart,
16 N, W, Ulm,
Wiesenthal, Bahmisch, t Bofaeraia, 25 ra, N, W.
Saatz, 60 W. N. W, Prague, Lon, 12° 67' E; Lat
50° 23' N,
Wiesenthal, (Ober,) t. Saxony, II m, S, E,
Scfawsu-tzenberg, Wiesenthal, (Unter,) f. Saxony, 10 ra, S, E,
Scfawartzenberg, Wietlisbach, t, Switzerland, 20 ra. N, Beme, 5
N, E, Soleure,
Wigan, t England, in Lancasfaire, considerable
for its manufactures of cfaeeks, linen, and cotton,
Tfaat species of coal called Cannel, is found in
great plenty in tfae neighbourhood, Wigan is on
a small stream called Douglas, which is made nav
igable to the Ribble, and joins to a canal from
Liverpool, It sends two members to the British
parliament. Pop, 14,060, 39 m, S, Lancaster,
196 N, N. W. London, Lon, 2° 33' W, Lat 63°31' N.
Wigger, r. Switzerland, wfaicfa runs into the
Aar, 3 m, N. W, Zoffingen,
Wighcamico, short navigable river, Md, wfaich
runs into the Potoraac, 35 m, above its mouth,
Wight, Isle of, island in the English channel,
near the coast, and forming a part of the county
of Hants, about 21 miles longand IS broad, Tfae
S. coast is bounded with sleep rocks of cfaalk and
free-stone, and ou the W, are tfaose rocks caUed
the Needles, The air is healthy, and the soil fer
tile, and the production of corn in one yesir is said
to be equal fo tfae consumption of eight,
Wiglen, small isl, in the Nortfa sea, near the
coast of Norway. Lat 65° N,
Wigmore, v. Eng. in Shropshire, 8 m, N, W,
Leominster, Wigstadtel, or Wokow, t, Silesia, 10 ra, S, Trop
pau, 35 W. Teschen. Lou. 17° 47' E. Lat. 49°
38' N.
Wigton, t. En*, in Cumberland, 11 ra. S. W.
CarUale, 304 N. N. W. London. Lon. 2° 23' W.
Lat 54° 44' N.
Wigton, seaport, Scotland, in a large bay on
tfae east Coast of Wigtonsfaire. It is a royal burgh.
56 m. W. N. W. Durafries, 105 S. W. Edinburgh.
Lon. 4" 27' W. Lat 64" 58' N.
Wigton Boy, a bay of the Irish sea, on tfae S.
coast of Scotland, at the raoutfa of the river Cree,
between the counties of Wigton and Kirkud-
bright Wigtonshire, county, Scotland, bounded N. by
Ayrshire and the sea, E. by tfae county of Kircud
bright and Wigton bay, and S. and W. by the
Iriafa aea. Ibp. 26,891.
Wigworm Point, cape on tfae coaat of Patago
nia, in the atraits of Magellan, 3 ra. N. N, E.
Cape Providence,
Wihatz, or Bihacs, t. Eu, Turkey, 60 m. P.
Carialadl, 180 W, Belgrade, Pop, 5,000.
Wike, t. Eng, in Yorkahire, 5 m, S, Bradford.
Wilberforce, a town of liberated negroes in the
colony of Sierra Leone, Tfae Cfaurch Missionary
Society support a rainister here,
Wilbraham, t. Hamden co. Mass, 10 m, S. E,
Springfield, 89 S, W, Boston, Pop, 1,776,
Wilcox, CO, Alabama,
-Wildbad, t. Wurteraberg, celebrated for its
warm baths, SOm, N, E, Strasburg, 24 W. Stutt
gard, Lon, 8° 26' E, Lat 48° 40' N, Pop, 1,500,
Wiidberg, t. Wurlemberg, on the Nagold, Sra.
N, Nagold, 19 S, W, Stuttgard, Lon. 8° 43' E
Lat, 48° 33' N. Pop, 1,700.

190

W I L

Wiidberg, or Wildbergen,t. Prussian states, 28
m, N, Brandenburg, 38 N, W, Berlin, Lon, 12°
38' E, Lat 52° 56' N,
JVUdemon, t. Hanover, near wfaich are some
mines of silver and lead, 6 m, S, W, Goslar, 24
N, N, E, Grubenhagen, Pop, 900,
Wildenfels, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge
birg, 5 ra. S, E, Zwickau,
Wilder ness, p-v, Spotsylvania co, Va,
Wilderness; t. A,ustria, on the Zeva, 8 ra, W, S,
W, Zisterstorf,
Wildeshausen, t. Germany, in Oldenburg, 20 m,
S, S, W, Bremen, 74 S, W, Hamburg, Lou, 8°
27' E, Lat, 52° 52' N, Pop. 2,408-
WUdsouboch, r, Gerraany, whicfa runs into tfae
Elbe, 6 ra, below Dresden.
Wildungen, t. Germsmy, in the printiipality of
Waldeck, 7 m, S. S, E, Waldeck, 82 E. Cologn,
Lon, 9° S'E, Lat 61° 7'N,
Wilhdmsthal, or Neustadtd, a mine town of Si
lesia, 15 m. S, E, Glatz, Lon. 16" 42' E. Lat 60°
3<N, WiUces, CO, N, C, Pop, 9,054, including 1,194
slaves, WiUces, p-t, and cap, Wilkes co, N, C, 60 m, W,
Gerraantown, Wilkes, CO. Geo, on the S, side of Broad river.
Pop- 14,887, including slaves, Chieftown, Wash
ington, Bolton factory is 8 m, S, W, Washing
ton, ,
Wilkesbarre, or Wilkesburg, forraerly Wyoming,
p-t, and cap, Luzerne co, Penn. on the S, E, side
of tfae Susquefaannafa, It contains a court-faouse,
jail, churcfa, bank, and academy, A dreadful
massacre was committed in tfais place, during tfae
American war, by the Indians under the comraand
of colonel Butier, 119 ra. N, W, Philadelphia,
121 N, E, Harrisburg, Pop. 1,226,
WilkesviUe, p-t, Gallia co. Ohio, 18 ra. N. W.
GaUipoUs. Pop, in 1815, 315,
Wilkinson. See Marion, co, Geo.
Wilkinson, co. Mississippi, on Mississippi river.
Pop, in 1 81 6, 7,275, including 4,057 slaves. Cfaief
town, Woodyille.
WiUdnsonmlle, p-v. Chesterfield co, Va.
Wilkinsonville, t. Johnson co. Illinois, on the
Ohio, half way between tfae moulfa of the river
and fort Massac.
Wilkamiers, t, Russisi, in Wilna, on tfae Swienta,
near ila union witfa the Wilna, 44 m. N, N. W.
Wilna, 100 S. E, Riga,
Wilhanantic, r. Ct, which unitea witfa the
Natchaug or Mount Hope, af Windhara, and
forraa Shetucket river,
Wilkmstodt, or WiUiamstadt, a strong t, Hol
land, on the part of the Meuae called Buttervliet.
It ia one of the keys of Holland, and defended witfa
7 bastions and double fosse ; it has also a good faar
bor, 12 m, S. W. Dort, 14 W. N. W, Breda,
Lon, 4° 18' E. Lat 51° 41' N,
Wilknberg, or Wildenberg, t. Pruasia, 93 ra. S.
Konigaberg, 94 E, Culm. Lon, 20° 63' E, Lat
53° 11 N,
William, Fml, formerly New Fort, a Britiah
poat, on Dog river, a considerable stream, whicfa
runs intolake Superior juat below, and ia naviga
ble to the fort for vesaela on the lake,
WilUam Henry, v. Lower Canada, on the point
of land formed by the confluence of the Sorel with
Ihe river St, Lawrence.
Williams, r. Vt. which runa into the Connecti
cut, 3 m, above BeUows falls.
Williams, co, Ohio, on Maumee river, formed
in 1820, in the Indian reservation.

W I L
Williamsborough, t, BurUngton co. N, J, Pop.
619, WiUiamsborough, p-t, and cap, Granville co. N-
C, pleassmtly situated on a creek wfaich runs into
the Roanoke, 17 ra, from Warrenton, 48 N, E.
Hillsborough, It containa a court-house, , jail,
acaderay, and 40 houses, and carries on a brisk
trade with tfae back country, ¦
Williamsburg, t Dundas co. Upper Cansida, on
the St Lawrence, Here was fought the battie of
Chrystler's farm,
Williamsburg, t, Penobscot co, Msiine, 40 m, N-
W. Bangor,
Williamsburg, p-t Hampsfaire co. Mass, 8 m, N-
W. Nortfaarapton, Pop. 1,122.
Williamsburg. See Jonestown, Pa.
WiUiamsburg, t Talbot co. t/ld, 5 m. N. E.
Easton. Williamsburg, p-t. James City co. Va. 60 m. E-
Ricfaraoud, situated between two creeks, one of
whicfa falls into Jaraes, the otfaer into Yoik river.
It was formerly tfae raetropolis of the State, and is
regularly laid out iu parallel slreeto, with a square
in the cenfre, through which runs the principal
street E. and W. about a mUe long, and more than
100 feel wide. At the opposite ends of this sfreet
are two public buUdings, tfae coUege and capitol-
Besides these, tfaere is sm Episcopal c burch, <¦
court-house, jail, and hospital. Pop. 1,500.
The college of WilUara and Msiry was founded
here in 1691, in the tirae of king WilUam smd
queen Mary, who Uherally endowed it The col
lege flourished for a number of years in great
prosperity, and in former times furnished lor tbe
service of fhe State msuiy good scfaolars ; but the
¦war of the revolution gave it a sfaock from which
il has not yet recovered. On the decease of bish
op Madison, the late president, it seeraed to be
threatened with total extinction. B^ertions, how
ever, have been recently raade to revive it, and
sanguine hopes are entertained by sorae that it
wiU again flourish. The Ubrary conlsiins between
3,000 and 4,000 volumes, and the phUosophical
apparatus ia valuable. There are nominally 6
professorships, but only 3 or 4 sure occupied. "The
buildings are of brick, sind suflicient for the ac
commodation of about 100 students.
Williamsburg, district, S. C. Pop. 6,871, in
cluding 4,618 slaves.
Williamsburg, p-t. sind cap. of the above dis
trict, 72 pi. N. N, E. Charleston.
Williamsburg, p-t. and cap. Jackson co. Ten.
on the N.side of Cumberland river, 15 m. E. N.E.
Carthage. Williamsburg, p-t Wfaitiey co. Kentucky.
Williamsburg, p-t and cap. Clermont co. Ohio,
on the east fork of the Littie Miami, 14 m. from
Ohio river, 22 S. E. Cincinnati. Pop. in 1815,
234, It containa a court-house and JEul, andabout
60 houses,
WUliamsfidd, p-t, .Isfatabula co, Ofaio,
Williamson, t. Ontario co. N, Y, on lake Onta
rio, 20 m. N, Canandaigua. Pop, 1,139,
Williamson, co. West Tennessee, Pop, 13,153,
including 3,985 slaves. Chief town, Franklin,
WilUamsport, p-t, borough, and cap, Lycoming
CO, Pa, on the W, branch of the Susquehannah,
38 m, above Northumberland, Pop, 344.
WiUiamsport, p-t, Washington co. Md, on the
Potoraac, at the mouth of the Conecocheague, 6
m, W, EUzabefhto-wn, 37 N, by E. Wincfaesler,
Virginia. ^ i
Williamston, p-t. and cap, Martin co, N,C.on

W I L
Uie Roanoke, 50 m, S, E. Halifax, 25 from Blounts-
viUe. Williamstown, p-t. Orange co, Vt 46 m. N,
Windsor, Pop, 1,353,
Williomstaum, p-t Berkshire co. Mass, in the
N. W, corner of the state, bordering on Verraont
aud New York, 28 m, N, Lenox, 138 W, N, W,
Boston, It is well watered by Hoosack and Green
rivers. Pop, 1,843,
WilUsuns college in this fown, was incorporated
in 1793, and named after Col, Ephraira WiUiams,
its principal benefactor. Its oflicers are a presi
dent, 2 professors, and 3 tutors. It has a library
of about 1,500 volumes, a vsduable philosopfaicEil
and cfaemicsd apparatus, and about 90 students.
The whole number who had been educated here
in 1817, was 473. The buildings are two edifices
of brick, about 100 feet long and 40 wide, and 4
stories high, contsuning a chapel, library room,
phUosopbicsil cfaamber, and 60 rooras for students.
WiUiamstoan, p-t Oswego co. N. Y. Pop. 592.
Williamstown, p-t. Montgoraery co. Pa. Pop.
l,tno. . WiUiamsvilk, p-v. Nistgara co. N. Y.
WilliamsviUe, p-v. Person co. N. C.
WiUiamsviUe, p-v. Christian co. Ken.
Wiliinborough, t Burlington co. N. J. on the
Delawsure, 14 m. frora PhUadelphia.
WiUingborough, p-v. Susquehannafa co. Pa.
JVininghausen, t Prussian states, 10 m. W.
Lippstadt WiUinglon, t. Tolland co. Ct 26 m. from Hart
ford, 26 frora Norwich. Pop. 1,161.
WiUington, p-v. Abbeville district, S. C.
Willirtk, p-t. Niagara oo. N.Y. 15 ra. S. Buffalo,
315 W . Albauy. Pop. 2,028.
Willis' creek, r. Md. which runs into the Po
toraac, at Fort Cumberland.
WiUis Island, isl. in the S. Atlantic ocean, near
the N. W. coast of the island of Georgia. Lon.
38° 23' W. Lat 64° S.
WiUiston, p-L Chittenden co. Vt 8 ra. S. E.
BurUngton. Pop. 1,195.
WiUistown, t. Chester co. Pa. Pop. 1,175.
Willoughby, t. Eug.. in Warwick, 14 m. S. E.
Coventry, 77 N. W. London.
Willoughby, t, Lincoln co. Upper Canada, on
Nisigsura river, just above tfae falls.
Willow-grove, p-v. Montgomery co. Pa.
WiUow-grave, p-v. Salem co. S. C.
Wilk, t. Guernsey co. Ohio, 6 ra. E. Cambridge.
Pop. 659.
WiUsboraugh, p-t. Essex co. N. Y. on lake
Champlain. Pop. 663.
, WilW creek, r. Ohio, whicfa runs into the Mus
kingura, between Zanesville and Coshocton. It is
navigable for boats to Cambridge.
Wilktadt, t. Germany, 7 ra. S, E, Strasburg, 20
N, W, Freudenstadt
WiUtown, p-v, Fairfield co, Ct,
Willtown, p-v. Charleston district, S, C, on
Edisto river, 27 ra, W, S, W, Charleston,
Willy, r. Eng, which runs into the Avon, near
SaUsbury, W'Uming6mi p-t, Windham co, Vt, 46 ra, S.
Windsor, Pop, 1,193.
Milmington, t Middlesex co, Mass. 16 ra, N,
Boston, Pop, 716.
. WUmington, port of entry, Newcastle co, Del
aware, and the largest town in the State, is situ
ated between Christisina and Brandywine creeks,
^ about a mUe above their confluence, 2 m, W, of
•* Delaware river, 28 S, W, Philadelphia, 72 N. E,

W 1 L

791

Baltimore, The principal part of the town is sit
uated on the S, W, side of a hill, which rises 109
feet above the tide, and is regularly laid out in
streets crossing each other at right angles. On
the N, E, side of the same hiU, at a viUsige on the
Brandywine, separated by a short space from the
rest of the town, sire 14 flour miUs, forming tfae
finest collection in tfae United States. Tfae Bran
dywine and Cfaristiana abound witfa numerous ex
cellent mill seate, and tfaey have been to a con
siderable extent improved, raaking Wilmiugton
the cenfre of one ofthe most important manufac
turing districts in the United States, In 1815,
there were -witfain 9 miles of tfae town, 44 flour
raills, 13 cotton raanufactories, 15 saw mills, 6
woollen manufactories, 6 gunpowder mills, and
several otfaeis. The Christiana admito vessels
drawing 14 feet of water to the town, and those
of 8 feet can ascend 8 railes further. The Bran
dywine has 7 feet of water to the mills. The.
amount of shipping owned here in 1813, was
9,591 tons. The towu contains 2 market-houses,
a spacious sdms-house built of stone, 3 banks, an
academy, a United States arsenal, and 8 houses of
public worship, 2 for Presbyterians, 2 for Episco
paUans, 1 for Friends, I for Baptists, 1 for Roman
CathoUcs, and 1 for Methodists, Lon, 77° 34' W.
Lat. 39° 43' N. Pop. 4,416.
Wilmington, p-v. Fluvanna co. Va.
Wilmington, port of entry and cap. New Hano
ver CO. N. Carolina, on the E, side of Cape Fear
river, just below the confluence of the N. E. and
N, W. branches, 34 miles from the sea, 100 S. W.
Newbern, 96 S, S, E, FayettevUle, 146 S, Raleigh^.
190 N, E, Charleston, It contains a court-faouse;,
jail, academy, 2 banks, and 2 houses of pubUc
worship, I for Episcopalians, and I for Presbyte
rians, Wilmington is the depot for the produce of
a large section of Nortfa Carolina, and Uie exports
from this port have usually been twice as much
SIS from sdl tfae other ports of tfae slate. It labor!!,.
however, under several disadvantages : tfae situa
tion is considered unfaealtfay, and vessels drawing
raore tfaan II feel of water, cannot pass over tfae
fiats, forraed 20 railes below the town, by the meet
ing of the tide waters witfa the current of tfae riv
er. An engineer, under tfae direction of tfae slate,.
has recently examined tfae flats, with a view fo
determine whetfaer the channel at this place can
be deepened, or whether it will be better to make
a port at Sraithville, near the raoutfa of tfae river,
wfaere Uiere is a convenient faarbor, and sufficient
depth of water. Opposite Wilmington, in the
river, are two islands, which divide it into three
channels, Chey afford tfae finest rice fields in the
state, Tfae araount of sfaipping belonging to this
port in 1815, was 14,374 tons. Pop, about 2,000.
Lon. 78° 15' W. Lat 34° II' N,
Wilmington, small isl, off the coEist of Georgia,'
af tfae mouth of Savannah river,
Wilmington, p-t, and cap, CUnton co, Ohio, 55
m, N, W, ChiUicothe, 60 S, W, Columbus, It
was laid out in 1807, and has a court house, jsiil,
and about 40 houses.
Wilmington, p-t. Lifckiug co. Ohio, 10 ra. N-
Newark. Wilmington, t, Wayne co, Ohio, 12 m, S. Woos
ter, Wilmot, t. Nova Scotia, near Annapolis,
Wilmat, t Hillsborough co, N, H, 23 m, N, W.
Concord, Pop, 298-
Wilna, city, Russia, in Wilna, on the Wilaa,
in a mountainous country, on several little emi-

792

W I N

W I N

nences. Here is a magnificent church, remarka
ble for the elegant marble chapel of St Casimir,
whose silver shrine is said to weigh thirty quin
tals. There are upwards of 40 churches in thia
cit;y, and among these, one Lutheran, and one
Calvinist church, a Jewish synagogue, a Tartarian
church, and a Greek church ; but aU the rest are
Popish cfaurches, Wilna has suffered several
times severely by fire, Wilna is the see of a
bishop. The university was founded in 1570. 168
m. E. Konigsberg, 216 N. E. Warsaw. Lon. 25°
18' E. Lat 54° 36' N. Pop, 20,900,
Wilna, p.t Jefferson co, N, Y, on Black river,
Wilsden, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, near HaUfax.
Wilsdnif, or Wihdorf, t. Saxony, 9 m, W, Dres
den, 9 S, Meissen, Lon, 13° 8' E, Lat, 51" N,
Wilsnach, t, Prussian states, in Brandenburg, 8
m, S, Perleberg, 56 W,N. W, Berlin, Pop, 1,400.
Wikon, t, ScoUand, in Lanerkshire, 5 m. £,
Lanerk, Wilson, CO, West Tennessee, on the S. side of
Curaberland river. Pop, 1 1,952, including 2,297
slaves. Chief town, Lebanon,
Wikanvilk, t. Wayne co. Pa, on the Lacka
waxen, 120 m, N, PhUadelphia, Here are nu
merous miUs,
Wilster, t grand duchy of Holstein, 8 ra. N,
Gluckstadt, 34 N, W. Haraburg, Pop, 1,700.
Wilton, t Eng, in Wiltshire, 'on tfae WiUy,
Wilton is mucfa reduced from what it formerly
was, but is still tfae county town, a corporation,
aud borougfa ; sending 2 merabers lo tfae British
parUaraent, Tfae celebrated collection of antiqui
ties in tfais place, containa tfae whole collection of
tfae cardinals RicfaUeu and Mazarine, and the
greatest part of tfae Earl of Arundel's, 3 m, W,
Salisbury, 85 W. S. W, London, Lon, 1" 51' W,
Lat, 51° 4' N, Pop, 2,200,
Wilton, p-l. Kennebeck co, Maine, 35 m. N, W,
Augusta. Pop. 770.
Wilton, p-t Hillsborough co. N, H, 28 m, S,
Concord, Pop, 1,017.
Wilton, t Fairfield co. Ct. 34 m, W, New Ha-
vcri. II contains an academy, and 3 churcfaes, 1
eacfa for Congregationalists, Baptists, and Metho
dists, Pop, 1,728,
Wiltshire, couUty, England, bounded N, by
Gloucestershire, E. by Berkshire and Hampshire,
S, by Hampshire and Dorsetshire, and W, by Som
ersetshire and Gloucestershire; about 64 miles
miles long aud 34 iu its greatest breadth. Pop,
193,828, Wimbledon, v. Eng, in Surry, 9 m. S, Londou.
Wimpfen,t. Germany, in Hesse-Darmstadt, on
the Neckar, near wfaich it is joined by tbe Jaxt,
8 ra. N, Heilbronn, 38 E, S, E. Manheim, Lon,
9° 15' E. Lat 49° 15' N. Pop, 2,000.
Winander Mere, or Winder Merc, lake, Eng.
in Westmoreland co, 15 miles long and 2 broad,
17 m, S, S, E. Keswick, 270 N, N, VV, London,
Winberg. See Winterberg.
Winburn Minster, t. Eng, in Dorset co, situated
onthe river Stour, 7ra, N, Pool, 102 S, W. Lon
don. Lon, 2° 5' W, Lat 50" 48' N. Pop, 3,039,
Wincaunton, t, Eng, in Somerset co. In this
town was shed the first blood in the revolution of
1688. SO m. S. Bath, 108 W, London, Lon, 2°
35' W, Lat, 51" 2' N, Pop, 1,100,
Winchcombe, t, Eng, in Gloucester co, situated
on a brook which runs into the Avon, 16 m, N. E,
Gloucester, 93 W, London, Lon, 1° 68' W, Lat,
51°59'N, Winchehea, t. England, iu Sussex, and one of

tfae Cinque-Ports, It is much decayed, but still
sends two members to parliament, 8 m, N, E.
Hastings, 67 S, W, London, Lon. 0° 42' E, Lat,
50° 55' N. Pop, 600,
Winchendan, p-t. Worcester co. Mass, 32 m.
N, W, Worcester, Pop, 1,173.
Winchester, city, Eng, in Hants, on the W, side
of tfae river Aire, called by Ptolemy and Antoni
nus, Venta Belgarum. It was very considerable
in the time of the Romans, and under the hep-
tsirchy becarae the residence of the Saxon kings.
A noble coUege was founded here in 1387, with
endowments for a warden, 70 scholEirs, 10 feUows,
&c. The city aends two members to parliament
61 m. E. S, E, Bath, 63 S. W, London, Lon. 1°
16' W, Lat, 51° 4' N, Pop, 6,705,
Winchester, t. Dundas co. Upper Canada,
Winchester, p-t Cheshfre co. N. H,52 m, S,W.
Concord, Pop, 1,478,
Winchester, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct 27 m. N, W.
Hartford. Pop, 1,446,
Winchester, p-t, and cap, Frederick co. Virgin
ia, near fhe head of Opeckon creek, a branch of
the Potoraac, 36 m, W. Harper's Ferry, 70 W.
N. W. Washington, 168 N. N. W. Richmond. It
is a handsome smd flourishing town, regularly laid
out, and contoins a court-house, jail, 2 bsraks, 2
academies, a raarket-house, almshouse, and 6
houses of public worship for as raany different de
norainations. Several of tfae houses are built of
stone, bul the principal psirt are of brick. Pop.
about 3,000, Lat, 39° 16' N, Lon, 77" 28' W,
Winchester, p-l, and cap. Clarke co. Ken. on a
branch of Licking river, SO m, frora Lexington,
The public buUdings are a court-faouse, jad, and
academy. Pop, about 1,000,
Winchester, p-t and cap. FrankUn co. W. Ten
nessee, Here is an acstdemy,
Winchester, t Knox co. Ohio, 9 ra. S. Mount-
vernon. Winchester, t Guernsey co. Ohio, 14 m. N. E.
Cambridge. Winchester, t Green co. Ohio, 7 m. from Zenia.
Winchester, t Cfaampsiign co. Ohio.
Winchester, p-t and cap. New Madrid co. Mis-
spuri. Windau, seaport, Russia, in CourUand, near
the mouth ofthe Wera, on the Baltic. It has. a
castie, once tfae residence of tfae Livonisra knights.
II is chiefly supported by sfaip-building, and ex
porting pilch, tar, wax, &c. 8 m. N. N. E. Pil-
tyn, 72 N. W. Riga. Lon. 21° 32' E. Lat 57°
10' N.
Windeck, t. Netfaerlands, 9 m. S. S. E. Ghent
Windecken, t. Germany, 4 m. N. Hanau, 9 E.
N. E. Frankfort on the Maine.
Windham, or Wymondham, t Eng. in Norfolk,
9 m. W. S. W. Norwich, 103 N. London, Lon, 1°
7'E, Lat 52° 34' N,
Windham, t. Norfolk co. Upper Canada,
Windliam, p-t, Curaberland co, Maine, 16 m.
N, W, PorUand, Pop, 1,613,
Windham, p-t, Rockingham co. N. H. 31 m. S.
W. Portsmouth. Pop. 742.
Windham, co. Vt. bounded N. by Windsor co.
E. by Connecticut river, S. by Massachusetts,
and W. by Bennington co. Pop. 26,760. Chief
town, Newfane.
Windham, t Windham co. Vt 25 m. S. W.
Windsor. Pop. 782.
Windham, co. Ct. bounded N. by Massacfau
setts, E, by Rhode Island, S, by New-London co.

W I N
and W, by Tolland CO, Pop, 28,611. Chieftown,
Brooklyn, Windham, p-t, Windham co, Ct, 14 ra, N, Nor
wich, 30 E, Hartford, 44 W, Providence. Pop.
2,416. It contains 4 churches, 2 for Congrega-
tionsJists, and 2 for Baptists,
Windham, p-t, Greene co, (N, Y,) S, W, of
CatskiU, Pop, 3,965, Here the KaaterskiU, a
small creek running into tfae CatskiU, has a stu
pendous faU over a perpendicular precipice of
310 feet
Windisch Feistritz, t Auafria, 40 m. S, Gratz,
110 S. S, W, Vienna, Lon. 15° 28' E, Lat, 46"
SO'N, Windish, v. Switzerland, in the canton of Berne,
3 m, W, Baden,
Windle, t Eng, in Lancashire, 10 m, N. E, Liv
erpool, Windrush, r. Eng. in Oxford, whicfa runs into
the Tharaes, 5 ra. S, S, W, Witney,
Windsbach, t and citadel, Germany, 10 m, S,
E. Anspach, 20 S, W. Nurembterg, Lon, 10" 46'
E, Lat 49" 13' N,
Windsheim, t. Bavaria, 28 ra. S, W. Wurzburg,
36 S, S. W. Bamberg, Lon, 10" 26' E. Lat 49°
34' N, Pop, 4,300,
Windsor, t, Eng, in Berkshire, situated on the
rigfat bank of tfae Tfaaraes, It is built on tfae side
ofa hill, and consists of several streets. The cas
tle is said lo have been built before tfae Conquest,
and for raore tfaan 700 years has been the favorite
country residence of tfae kings of Englsrad, It is
a msignificent edifice, containing raany splendid
apartments, St, George's cfaapel is a most beau
tiful Gothic building. Adjoining to the town are
two royal parks, one, csdled tfae Little Park, about
three miles in circumference ; tfae otfaer, called
tfae Great Park, is said to be 20 : botfa are well
stocked witfa deer, Windsor sends two raerabers
to parUament, 38 ra, E, S. E. Oxford, 22 W.
London, Lon, 0° 32' W, Lat, 61" 28' N, Pop,
5,272, Windsor, t. Buckingham co. Lower Cainada, on
the St, Francis, 53 ra, S. E, Three Rivers,
Windsor, t. Haul's co. Nova Scoiia, 45 m. N,
W, Hsdifax, A coUege was established here in
1789, by the legislature of Nova Scoiia, and en
dowed with 400/, per annura, togetfaer witfa the
sums requisite for tfae erection of the necessary
buildings, A royal charter was obtained in 1802,
wfaich authorises the establishment of 3 or more
professorships, and 12 or more scholarsfaips, and
1,000/, per annura was granted for the support of
the college. Hitherto the funds have supported
only a president and vice-president, who have dis
charged the duties of the various professorships,
and 4 scfaolsirs, who have an annUal stipend of 20/,
each, Tfae Society in England for propagating
the Gospel faave recently founded 8 new scholar
ships, witfa a stipend of 30/. per annum for each.
The college is designed principally for tfae educa
tion of clergyraen for the provinces of Nova Sco
tia smd New-Brunswick, Connected with tfae
college is a gramraar school, designed as a pre
paratory institution,
Windsor, t. HiUsborough co, N. H. SO ra, S. W,
Concord, Windsor, co, Vt bounded N, by Orange co. E,
by Connecticut river, S. by Windham co. and W.
by Rutland and Orange counties. Pop, 34,877,
Chieftown, Woodstock,
Windsor, p-t, and cap. Windsor co. Vermont,
100

W I N

793

on the W, bank of Connecticut river, 16 railes be
low Hanover, 61 S, Montpelier, 40 E, RuUand, 110
N, W, Boston, It contains a court-house, state
prison, a female acaderay, and 2 houaes of public
worship, 1 for Congregationalists, and 1 for Bap
tists, The village is very pleasantly situated near
the bank of the river, and has many well built
faouses and considerable trade. Tfaere is a bridge
acroaa the Connecticut, connecting the town with:
Cornish, Pop, 2,757.
Windsor, t Berkahire co. Mass, 20 m, N, E,
Lenox. Pop, 1,108.
Windsor, p-t Hartford co. Ct. on the W. side
of Connecticut river, 7 m, above Hartford, Pop.
2,868. It is intersected by Farmington river. It
containa 5 churches, 2 ofwhich are for Congrega
tionalists, and I for Baptiats.
Wi^ndsor, t. Broome co. N, Y. on tfae Susque
hannah, 15 ra. E. Chenango. Pop. 1,960.
Windsor, t. Middlesex co, N. J, Pop, 1,747,
Windsor, West, I. Middlesex co, N, J, fop.
1,714, Windsor, p-t, York co. Pa, Pop. 1,739,
Windsor, p-t and cap. Bertie co. N, C. on the
Cashie, 23 ra. W, S, W, Edenton, 97 from Hali
fax. Windsor, p-t Ashtabula co, Ohio, on Grand
river, 14 m. S. W. Jefferson,
Windward Passage, a name given to a course
frora the S. E, angle of the island of Jamaica, in
the W. Indies, and extending 160 leagues, to the
N. side of Crooked Island, in the Baharaas,
Windward Isknds, in opposition to Leeward.
These islands in the West-Indies extend frora Mar
tinico to Tobago.
Windward Point, cape on the N, E. coast of tfae
island of St Cfaristopher, Lon, 62" 22' W, Lat
17° 23' N.
Winee, or Block river, S. C, unites with the Pe
dee, S ra, above Georgetown,
Winenendak, v. Flanders, 8 ra, E, N, E. Dix-
mude. Winfidd, p-t, Herkiraer co, N, Y, 10 m. S, Uti
ca, It was forraerly part of Litchfield.
Wing, t. Eng, in Buckinghamshire, 7ra, N, E.
Aylesbury. Wingham, t Eng. in Kent, 11 ra. W. Deal, 62
E, Loudon. Lon. 1° 12' E. Lat, 61° 16' N,
Wingham' s Island, smaU isl. near the N. W. coast
of America, 3m. N. W.Kaye's Island, Lon215°
46'E, Lat 60° 4'N.
Winhall, t Bennington co, Vt, 25 ra, N, E. Ben-
nineton. Pop, 429.
Winingen, t. Prussian States, on the N. side of
the MoseU^ 5 m, W. Coblentz,
Winkoop's Boy, or Wine Cooper's Bay, Island,
and Cape, on the S, coast of Java, Lon, of the
cape, 106° 36' E. Lat 7° 25' S,
Winloton, t. Eng. in Durham, 6 ra. W, New-
cast! 6
Winnebago, Lake, an expansion of Fox river,
Michigan Territory, it is about SO ra, above tfae
raouth ofthe river, and is 24 mUeslong and 10 wide.
Winenden, t. Wurteraburg, 12 m. E. N. E,
Stuttgart, 7 S, E, Marpach. Lon, 9° SO' E, Lat •
48°63'N, Pop, 2,500,
Winnipec, Lake, V. States, through wfaicfa tfae
Mississippi passes near ito source. It is about 14
miles long and 9 wide. Little Lake Winnipec is
10 m, below, and is 5 mUes long and 3 wide.
Winnipeg, lake, N. America, 240 ra. long, and
from 60 to 100 broad- Lon. 97° 30' W. Lat 52°
lO'N.

'5-94

W I R

Winnipiseogee, the largest lake in N, H, 22 m.
long from S, E, to N, W, and in the widest part, 8
broad, '4.
Winnipiseogee, r. N, H. which iaauea from the
S, W, part of Winnipiseogee lake, and after a
courae of 20 railea falls into the Peraigewasaet, the
main branch of Merrimack river,
Winnsborough, p-t, and cap, Fairfield co. S, C.
on a brancfa of the Wateree, SO ra, N. N. W, Co
lumbia, 145 N, N. W, Charleston, It contains a
court-house and jail, and is the seat of a college
called Mount Zion college, which, however, haa
not hitfaerto gone into operation,
Winschote, or Wi'nschotten, t Netherlanda, in
Groningen, 19 m, E. Groningen, 26 N, Covorden.
Winsen am der Luhe, t, Germany, 12 m. S, E,
Hamburg, 22 N. W, Luneburg,
Winskw, t. Eng. in Bucks, 7 m, S, E, Bucking
ham, 60 N, W, London, Lon, 0° 52' W, Lat, 51°
56' N,
Winslow, p-t. Kennebeck co, Maine, on Kenne
beck river, at the confluence of the Sebasticook,
opposite Waterville, 1 6 m. N. Augusta, Pop. 658,
Winster, t. Eng. in Derby, 26 ra, W, Derby, 162
N, London. Lon. 1" 31' W, Lat 53° 12' N,
Winterberg, or Winberg, t. Bohemia, 10 m, W,
Prachatitz, 26 N. W, Crumau, Lon, 13° 39' E,
Lat 49° 2' N,
Winteringham, t. Eng, in Lincoln, 166 ra, N,
London, Winterthur, t, Switzerland, in Zuricfa, It -was
formerly an imperial town, Tfae eartfaen-ware
made her^ is in great repute, 14 ra, N, E, Zu
rich, 21 N. W. Constance. Pop. 3,280.
Winterton, t. Eng. in Lincolnsfaire, 9 ra. N. N.
W. Glanford Brigs.
Winterton, t Eng. in Norfolk, near the coast, 7
m. N. Yarmouth.
Winterton Ness, cape, Eng, on the E, coast of
Norfolk, on which is a light-faouse, 10 m. N, Yar
mouth, Lon, 1° 41' E, Lat 62° 44' N.
Winthrop, p-t, Kennebeck co, Maine, 12 ra, W,
Augusta. ,Pop. 1,444.
Winton, p-t. and cap. Hertford co. N. C. on tfae
S. bank of Chowan river, 35 m, N. W. Edenton.
Il contains a court-house and jail, and about 30
houses. Wintonbury, p-v. Hartford co. Ct.
Wintzig, t. SUesia, 9 ra. E. N. E. Steinau, 9 N.
W. Wohlau, 24 S. E. Gross Glogau. Lop. 16° 36'
E. Lat. 51° 27' N.
Wifiyaw, bay, S. C. which receives Pedee,
Wakkamaw, and Winee rivers, and meets the
ocean 12 m. below Georgetown.
Wipe, t. Prussia, 28 ra. N. E, Konigsberg.
Wipe, r, Prussia, whicfa runs into tfae Curiscfa
Haff, 10m, E, N, E, Labiau,
Wipper, I, Gerinany, which runs into tfae
Rhine, between Cologn and Zons,
Wipper, r. Germany, whicfa runs into the Saal,
near Bernberg,
Wipperfurt, t, Germany, 27 m, S, E, Dusseldorf,
Lon, r 27'E, Lat 61° 6'N,
Wippengen, t Switzerland, 12 m, S, S, W, Fri
burg. Wippra, f . Gerraany, on the Wipper, 10 m. W.
N. W. Eiszleben, 20, E. Nordhausen. Lon. 11° SO'
E. Lat 51° SO'N.
Wirben, t Germany, ou tfae left side of the Elbe,
12 m. N. Stendal, 13 S. Perieberg.
Wire, one of the sm-dUest Orkney Islands, sepa
rated from Rousa by a sfrait, railed Wire Sound,
about } m, broad. Lon. 2° 61' W. Lat. 58° 58' N.

W I T
Wirksworth, t. Eng. in Derbyshire, in the midst
of mountains abounding in lead ore, 13 m. N. Der
by, 106 N. London. Lon. 1° 27' W. Lat 53° 8' N.
Pop. 6,474.
Wirral, or WirehaU, a strip of land in Cheshire,
Eng. extending from the city of Chester to the sea,
between the rivers Dee and Mersey.
Wisboden, t Germany, in tfae duchy of Nasaau.
Here are some medicinal springa, formerly iu
great repute. 5 ra. N. W. Mentz, 30 S. W.
Wetzlar. Lon. 8° 9' E. Lat 50^ 3' N. Pop. 3,000.
Wisbeach, or Wisbich, or Ousbeach, a-p. Eng. in
Cambridgeahire, on a navigable river, about 18
milea from the aea, 17 m. S. W. Lynn, 90 N-
London. Lon. 0° 6' E. Lat 52° 39' N. Pop. 5,309.
Wisby, t Sweden, on the W. coast ofthe island
of Gothland, formerly one of the Hanae Towns.
Tfae harbor is ssife and coramodious, but not very
large. Lon, 18° 18" E. Lat. 67° 38' N. Pop. 3,745.
Wiscasset, p-t. port of entry, and cap. Lincoln
CO. Maine, on the W. side of Sheepscot river, 14
m. N. E. BaUi, 49 N. E. PorUand, 167 N. N. E.
Boston. It contains a court-house, a hsradsome
stone jaU, an -academy, Congr^ational meeting
house, bsmk smd insurance office. Tfae harbor is
ssife, capacious, easy of access, and open at aU sea
sons of the year. A lai^e amountof shipping is
owned here. The nuraber of tons in 1815, was
18,429. Pop. in 1820, 2,131.
Wischau, or Wiskau, t Moravia, 15 m. E,
Brunn, 18 S. S. W. Olrautz. Lon. 16° 64' E. Lat,
49" 17' N. Pop. 2,590.
Wisesburg, p-v. Baltiraore co. Md.
WisharVs Island, ial. in the Pacific Ocesm,oiie of
Uie Soloraon islanda. Lon. 150° 55' E. Lat 2° 20'S.
Wisir, sraall isl. in tfae Indian Sea, nesir the west
coast of Aroo. Lon. 134° 61' E. Lat 16° 21' S.
Wkk, or Wirsk, r, Eng. in York, which runa
into the Swale.
Wisloch, t ofthe grand duchy of Baden, 14 m.
E. Spire, 18 S. E. Manheim. Lon. 8° 45' E. Lat
49° 18' N. Pop. 1,902.
Wismar, t. ofthe grandduchy of Mecklenbuig-
Scfawerin, situated in a bay of the Baltic, with a
good faarbor ; large, weU fortified, and defended
by a citadel. It has 6 churches, with a grammar
scfaool, under tfae direction of eight masters, SS
m, E, Lubeck, 32 W, S. W, Rostock, Lon, 11°
26' E, Lat 53° 55' N, Pop, 7,600,
Wissowitz, t Moravia, 20 ra, E, N, E, Hradisch,
Pop, 2,500,
Wistemits, t. Moravia, 4 ra, E, Olrautz,
Wistan, t. Wales, in Pembroke, 8 m, E, Haver
fordwest, 235 W, London, Lon, 4° 50' W, Lat.
51° 64' N,
Wistris, or Wesseris, r, Bohemia, which runs
into the Egra, 3 ra, E, Sohlakenwerth,
Witepsk, t, Russsisi, on the Duna, 56 m, E, S, E,
Pototek, Lon, SO" 50' E, Laf, 55° 15' N. Pop,
11,685, Witgenau, or Witchenau, t Gerraany, on the
EUter, IS m. N, N. W, Budissen, 30 N. E, Dresden,
Witgenau, or Wiltengau, or TVsebon, t. Bohe
mia, 22 ra, S, S. E, Becfain, 64 S, Prague, Lon.
14° 40' E, Lat 49" 4' N,
WUham, t, Eng, in Essex, 14 m, S, W, Colches
ter, 38 N, E, Londou, Lon, 0° 32' E, Lat, 61° 48
N, Pop, 2,352,
Wilham, r, Eng, in Lincolnshire, wfaich runsin
to the German Sea, 5 miles below Boston, in what
are called the Washes.
Witney, t. Eng. in Oxfordshfre, on the Win-

WOK

WOL

795

dush, 10 ra. W, N, W, Oxford, 64 W, N. W, Lon
don, Pop, 2,722. Lon, 1° 25' W, Lat. 54° 47' N,
Wittbach, r, Gerraany, wfaich runs into the
Rhine, about a mile below Neuwied,
Wittelm, small isl, in Steinhuder Lake, with a
fort, 3 ra, N, Hagenburg,
Wittem, citadel, Germany, 6 m. S, E, Aix-le-
ChapeUe, Wittemberg, t. Prussian States, in Saxony, on
the Elbe. Here is a famous university, founded
in 1502, at which, in 1517, the Reformation took
ito rise, by raeans of Martin Luther, This town
is not large, but fortified. 60 ra, N, Dresden, 38
S. E. Magdeburg. Lon. 12° 46' E, Lat 51° 53' N.
Pop. 4,820.
Wittenburg, f, Germany, in Mecklenburg-
Schwerin, 17 m, W, Schwerin,
Wittenhall, t. Eng, in Staffordshire, 2 m, N, E,
Wolverhampton, Pop, 3,143,
Witte Revier, a settlement ofthe United Breffa-
ren in the colony of the Cape of Good Hope, 600
falles E, of Capetown, estoblished in 1818, sind
soon sdterwEirds destroyed by tfae Caffres.
WittUcfi, t. Prussian States, in Lower Rfaine,
16 m, N. E, Treves, 38 S, W, Coblentz, Lon, 6°
52' E, Lat 50° 4' N, Pop, 1,700,
Wittstack, t Frussian Stales, in Brandenburg,
47 ra, N. N. W. Berlin, 43 N. Brandenburg. Lon.
12° 39' E. Lat 53" 10' N. Pop. 3,800.
Witsenhausen, t. Hesse-Cassel, 13 m. E. Cassel,
32 W. N. W, Mulfaauseu, Lon, 9° 48' E, Lat, 51°
10' N, Pop. 2,200,
Wivekcambe, t. Eng, in Soraersetshire, on the
Tone, 11 ra. W. Taunton, 154 W, London, Lon,
3° 28' W. Lat 51° 1' N, Pop. 2,571.
Wivenhoe, v. Eng, in Essex, on the Coin, It is
the harbor of Colchester.
Wladislaw, or Inowroslaw, t. Poland, on the Vis
tula, 108 m. N, W, Warsaw, 106 S, Dantzig, Lon,
18° 35' E, Lat. 52° 35' N, Pop, 2,616.
Wlodsimiers, t. Poland, on the Bog, 48 m. W,
Luckow, 180 E, Cracow, Pop, 3,126.
Woahoo, or Oohoo, one of tfae Sandwicfa Islands,
smd mucfa tfae finest of the whole group. Nothing
csin exceed tfae verdure of tfae faills, tfae variety of
wood and lawn, and ricfa cultivated valleys, wfaicfa
tfae whole face of the country displays. It is sup
posed to contoin 60,000 infaabitants, Lon, 157" 51'
W, Lat, 21° 43' N,
Waapo, one of the Ingraham Islands in the Pa
cific Ocean, Capt Ingraham called it Adams. Lat,
9° 27' S,
Woburn, t, Eng, in Bedford, 9 m, N, W, Dun
stable, 42 N, W, London, Lon, 0° 37' W, Lat, 51°
59' N,
Woburn, p-t, Middlesex co. Mass, 10 m, N, Bos
ton, Pop, 1,219,
Wodnony, or Wodnion, t Bohemia, 12 m. N, E,
Prachatitz, 68 S, Prague, Lon, 14° 2' E. Lat. 49°
10' N, Pop, 4,530,
Woeramatta, smaU isl, in the E, Indian Sea,
Lon, 131° 36' E, Lat 7° 2' S,
Woerden, or Warden, t. Holland, on the Rhine,
8 ra. W, Utrecht, 15 S, Amsterdara, Pop, 26,028,
Wohlau, t. Silesia, 20 m. N, W, Breslau, 29 S.
E, Grosglau, Lon. 16° 35' E. Lat, 51° 20' N, Pop,
1,530, Woking, t Eng, in Surry, 8 m, N, Guildford, 77
S,W, London,
Wokingham, or Oakingham, t, Eng, in Berkshire,
7 m, E, S, E, Redding, 32 W. London, Lon, 0°
45' W, Lat 51° 24' N, Pop. 2,081,

Walbeek, or Waldbeck, t. Germany, 7 m. S. S.
E, Munster, Lon, 7° 52' E, Lat. 51" 53' N,
Wokatt, p-t. Orieans co, Vt, 22 m, N, Mont
pelier, Pop, 124,
Wolcott, t. New-Haven co, Ct. 22 m. from Hart
ford, Pop. 952, It contains 2 churches, 1 for
Congregationalists, and 1 for EpiscopaUans.
WokaU, p-l, Seneca co, N Y, on Lake Ontario,
200 m. from Albany, Pop. 480.
Woldenberg, I, Prusaian Stales, in Brandenburg,
9 ra, N, E, Friedberg, 92 E. N, E. Beriin, Lon,
15° 45' E, Lat 63" N,
Walfeborougli, p-t, Strafford co, N. H. on the Bl,
side of lake Winnipiseogee, 32 ra, N, E, Concord,
Pop, 1,376,
Wolfestown, t. Buckingham co. Lower Canada,
50 ra, S, E, Three Rivers,
Wolf Island, isl, near the E. cosist of Labrador,
Lon, 55° 40' W, Lat 53° 55' N,
Wolf Island, ial, at the N, E, end of Lake Onta
rio, Lon, 76° 50' W, Lat, 44° N,
Wolf Island, ial. in tfae Gulf of St, Lawrence,
near the S. coaat of Labrador, Lon. 60° 66' W.
Lat. 50° 2' N,
Wolf river, r. Miaaissippi, which flowa S. 140
milea, and communicatea witfa tfae Gulf of Mexi
co, in St, Louia bay, 22 m, E, Pearl river.
Wolf river, e, Tenneasee, Wfaicfa runs into tfae
Miaaissippi, near tfae S, W, corner of the State,
Wolf river, r. Ohio, whicfa runa into the Musk
ingum, 16 m. above Marietta,
Wolf river, a N, branch of Fox river, N, W,
Territory, which has its sources near the headwa
ters of tributaries to Lake Superior,
Wolf Rack, in the Pacific Ocean, 10 m, from the
S. cosist of the Prince of Wales's Archipelago.
Lon. 226° 42' E. Lat 55° 1'N.
Wolf Rock, rock at the entrance of the English
Channel, 10 ra. S. Land's-End, 18 W, Lizard
Point Lon. 5° 45' W, Lat 49" 58' N,
Wolfenbuttel, city, Gerraany, in the ducfay of
Brunswick, on the Ocker, It is well built and for
tified. In it is a chateau, a long time fhe resi
dence of the dukea, in which ia a noble library,
containing 120,000 volumes, 24 m, E, Hilde-
sheira, 45 W, Magdeburg, Lon. 10" 40' E, Lat
62°10'N, Pop, 6,650.
Walffach, t Baden, 4 ra. S, S, E. Hazlach, 12 S,
S, W, Freudenatatt Lon, 8° 16' E, Lat 48° 13' N,
Pop. 1,388.
Walfghost, or Walgost, t. Pruaaian Statea, in
Pomerania, on the Pena, about S milea frora tfae
Baltic, SO ra. S. E. Stralaund, 50 N. W. Stettin.
Lon. 13° 45' E. Lat. 54° 2' N. Pop. 3,700.
Wolfshtgen, t. Heaae-Cassel, on tfae Erpe, 15
ra. W. Cassel, 10 N. Waldeck. Lon. 9° 10' E. Lat.
51° 18' N. "Pop, 1,450,
Wolfson, small ial. in tfae Gulf of Finland, Lon,
24° 44'E, Lat 69° 22'N,
Wolf stein, t, Bavaria, in tfae circle of the Rhine,
43 m, W, N, W. Manfaeim, 19 N, Deux Ponta,
Wolin, or Wolynie, t. Bofaeraia, 8 ra, N, N, W,
Pracfaatitz, 63 S, S, W, Prague, Lon, 13° 45' E,
Lat49°10'N, Wolkenstein, t. Saxony, in the circle of Erzge
birg, with a citadel, on a rock near the Zsohopa,
13 m, S. S, E, Chemnitz, 36 S. W, Dresden, Lou,
12° 59" E. Lat 60° 36' N, Pop, 1,000.
Wallacambe Boy, bay, Eng, on the W, coast of
Devonshire, to the N, of Barnstable Bay,
Wollapalidm, t Hind, 10 m. E, Coirabetore,
WoUer, or WooUer, t, Eng, in Northiunberland

796

WOO

woo

CO, on the TiU, near the Cheviot HiUa, 31 ra, N,
Morpeth, 318 N. London, Lon, 1" 45' W, Lat,
65° 35'N, Pop, 1,679,
Wollin, t. Prussian Statea, in Pomerania, on the
E, coEist ofthe island so called, separated from the
Continent by the river Direnow, over which is a
bridge, 26 ra, N, Old Stettin, Lon, 14° 35' E,
Lat, 53° 48' N, Pop, 2,400,
Wollin, isl, formed at the mouth of the Oder, be
tween the Baltic and the Frische Haff, about SO
railes in circuraference,
Wolmirstodt, t. Gerraany, 10 ra. N. Magdeburg,
40 E, Brunswick, Lon, 11° 45' E. Lat. 62" 1 3' N,
Wokingham, t Eng, in Durhara, 13 m, W, Dur
hara, 295 N, London. Lon, 1° 52' W. Lat, 54° 50' N,
Wolverhampton, t Eng, in Staffordshire, cele
brated for ito manufacture of locks, and of late
years, ot Japanned goods. 15 ra, S, W, Litcfafield,
1.24 N, W, London. Lon. 2° 8' W. Lat 52° 36' N,
Wolves' islands, cluster of islands off tfae cosist of
Maine, near Campo Bello. Lon. 66° 40' W.
Lat 44° 48' N.
Wolvey, V. Eng. in Warwick, 10 m, N, E, Cov
entry, 96 N, W, London,
Wombindlore, t. Hind, in Baramaul, 100 m, S.
E. Seringapatara, 110 W, S. W. Pondicherry,
Lon. 78° 15' E. Lat 11°4S'N,
Womborn, t. Eng, in Staffordshire, 3 ra, S, W,
Wolverhampton, Womelsdorf, p-t Berks co. Pa, 68 m. N. W, Phil
adelpfaia, Wondra, or Wondreb, r. Bavaria, which runs
into the Egra, near Konigsberg, in Bohemia.
Wood, CO. in the N, W. part of Va, Pop, 3,036,
including 460 slaves.
Wood, fco, Ohio, on the Maumee, forraed in
1820, in the Indian reservation,
Wcodberry, t. Huntingdon co. Pa. Pop, 1,107,
Woodbourne, t Montgomery co, Ohio, 8 m, S,
Dayton.' Woodbridge, t. Eng, in Suffolk, 8 m, E. N, E.
Ipswich, 76 N. N, E, Loudon, Lon, 1° 18' E, Lat
62° 6' N,
Woodbridge, I. New-Haven co, Ct, 7 m, frora
New-Haven, Pop, 2,084,
Woodbridge, p-t Middlesex co. N, J, 3 m. W. N,
W. Amboy. Pop, 4,247, It contains 2 churches,
1 for Episcopalians, and 1 for Presbyterians.
Woodbury, t. Caledonia co. Vt.l5 m, N. E, Mont
pelier. Pop, 254,
Woodbury, p-t. Litchfield co. Ct 25 ra, from New-
Haven, 36 from Hartford. Pop, 1,963,
Woodbury, p-t. and cap, Gloucester co. N, J, 9
m. S. Philadelphia. It contains a handsome brick
court-house, a jail, academy, Quaker meeting
house, and about 80 houses.
Wood creek, r. N. Y. which runs into Lake
Champlain, at Whitehall,
Wood creek, r. N, Y. whicfa runs into Oneida
lake. It is connected with Mohawk river by a
canal. Wood creek, r. Illinois, which runs into the Mis
sissippi. Wooden' s Island, rocky isl. in the Pacific Ocean,
on the S. coast of King George 111,'s Archipelago,
Woodford, t Bennington co. Vt, 6 m. E. Ben
nington. Pop. 264.
Woddhouse, t, Norfolk co. Up, Canada, on Lake
Erie,- Wood island, small isl. off tfae coast of Maine, 5
leagues N. E , Cape Porpoise, Lon, 70° 24' W,
Lat 43" 26' N.
Wood's Bay, bay, in the straito of MageUan, 15

m. W, Cape Froward, Lon, 72° 65' W. Lat S3'
58' S,
Waadsbarough, p-t, Frederick co, Md. 11 m, N,
E, Fredericktown.
Woods Island, sraall isl. near the N. coast of
Jaraaica. Lon. 76° 8' W. Lat 18° 12' N.
Woodsfield, p-t, and cap, Monroe co. Ohio, I4in.
W, of Ohio river, 31 S, W, St ClairsvUle, 35 N,
Marietta, Woock, Lake of the. See Lake af the Woods.
Woodstock, t. Eng, in Oxford co, anciently a roy-
al seat It is famous for the parliamentory settle^
ment ofthe honor srad manor ofthe town and hun
dred on tfae Duke of Marlborougfa, and his de-
scendanto, as a reward for his victories, in the
year 1704, over the French and Bavarians, par
ticularly al Blenheim ; to perpetuate the memory
of which battle, a stately psdace, by the name of
Blenheim-House, was erected here, at the pubUc
charge. 8 ra, N, Oxford, 62 N, W. London, Lon,
1° 16' W. Lat 5 1" 51' N, Pop, 1,322.
Woodstock, t. York co. New-Brunswick, on the
W.side ofthe St John's,
Woodstock, p-t. Oxford co. Maine, 6 m. N. Paris.
Woodstock, p-t. and cap. Windsor co. Vt 14 m.
N. W. Windsor, 47 S. Montpelier. Pop. 2,672.
The village is pleasantly situated on tfae Queechy,
and contains a court-house, jail, and cfaurch.
Woodstock, p-t Windhara co. Ct 46 m, N. E.
Hartford, S3 N. W, Providence, Pop. 2,654. ft
is divided into 3 parishes, and contains an acade
my, and 5 churches, 3 for Congregationalists, srad
2 for Bapliste.
Woodstock p-t Ulster co N. Y. 14 ra. N. W.
Kingston. Pop. 950. II contains 2 cfaurcfaes, 1
for ¦Lutherans, and I for Dutch Reformed.
Woodstock, p-t and cap. Shenandoafa co. Va. 30
m. S. S. W. Wincfaesler, 112 from Washington.
It contains a court-house, jsiil, academy, 4 church
es, and about 200 houses.
Woodstock, p-t Hyde co, N. C.
Woodstown, p-t. Salem co. N. J. 12 ra, N, by E.
Salem, 26 S, S, W, Pfailadelpfaia.
Woodstown, p-t and cap. Clark co. Alabama,
WoodviUe, p-v. Culpeper co. Va,
Woodville, p-v. Hanover co. Va.
Woodvilk, p-t, aud cap, Wilkinson co, Mississip
pi, 37 ra. S. Natchez,
Woodville, p-v. Warren co, Tennessee,
Woodi/ Island, isl. in the E. Indian Sea, Lon.
106° 5' E, Lat 1° 46' N. See Victoire.
Woody Point, cape onthe N, W. coastof Amer
ica. Lon. 128° 6' W, Lat 50° N.
Woqjedo, t. Algiers, in Tremecen, (an. Gitt^-
da,) 20 m. W. S. W. Tremecen.
Waoldale, t Eng. in Yorkshire, near Wakefield,
Woolly, or Ouly, kingdora of Africa, on the N.
side ofthe Gambia,
Woalpit, t. Eug. in SuffoUc, 8 m, E, Bury St Ed
munds, 80 N. N. E, London,
Wooktonton, t. Eng, in Sfsiffordshfre, 2 m, N,
Newcastle-under-line, Woolwich, t Eng. in Kent co. on the right bank
ofthe Thames. For upwards of two centuries
tfaere has been a royal dock-yard al this place, un
der the immediate direction of the Navy Board,
This is said lo be the most ancient naval arsenal
in England, A royal academy for engineers is
here establisfaed, under the Board of Ordnsrace, in
which are taught tfae principles and art of fortifi
cation, and every branch of raUitary science rela
ting thereto, with the French and Latin lan
guages, writing, fencing, and drawing. The

W O R

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737

largest ships may at aU tiraes ride here in safety,
10 ra. E, London, Lon, 0° 3' E, Lat 51° SO' N,
Pop, 17,054,
Woolwich, p-t, Lincoln co. Msune, on Kenne
beck river, 7 m, W. Wiscasset Pop, 1,050,
Woolwich, t Gloucester co. N, J, Pop, 3,063,
Wooster, p-t, and cap, Wayne cb, Ofaio, on tfae
Killbuck, which is navigable to this place for
boato, 48 m. S. Lake Erie, 87 N, Columbus,
Pop, in 1819, 1,356, It contains a brick court
house, a jail, bank, printing office, and about 60
dwelling houses. Two miles N, W, of Wooster,
is a well for ssdt waler, sunk 460 feet deep, from
which it is expected large quantities of salt raay
be made,
Wooster, t Washington co, Ohio, 10 m. N, W,
Mariette, Worcester, city, Eng. cap. of Worcester co. and
see of a bishop, on the Severn, Tfae principal
manufacture is tfaat of gloves, witfa one of elegant
China-wsire, Worcester is large sind well built.
Besides the cathedral, it contains nine pariah
churcfaes. It sends two members to parliament,
59 m, N, Bristol, 120 W, N, W, London, Lon, 2°
7' W. Lat 63° 13' N, Pop, 13,8 14,
Worcester, coui^y, Eng, bounded N, by Stafford
shfre sund Shropshire, E. by Warwickshire, S. by
Gloucestersfaire, and W, by Herefordshire and
Shropshire, Pop, 160,546.
Worcester, t Washington co. Vt 10 ra. N. Mont
pelier. Pop. 41.
Worcester, co. Msiss. bounded N. by N. Harap-
sfafre, E. by Middlesex co. S. by Connecticut and
R. Island, and W. by Franklin, Harapshire, and
Hamden cos. Pop. 64,910.
Worcester, p-t and cap. Worcester co. Mass. 40
m. W. Boston, 38 N. N. W. Providence, 57 E,
Northampton. Pop, 2,577, It is tfae largest in
land town in New Englsmd, and a place of mucfa
wealtfa smd trade, smd contsuns a faandsome court
house, jail, bank, 2 printing-offices, from each bf
which a weekly newspaper is issued ; and 3 houses
of public worship, 2 for Congregationalists, and 1
for Baptisto, The houses in the vUlage are neatly
buUt, principally on one street, extending up
wards ofa mile in lengtfa. In 1819, a faandsorae
and coraraodious building was erected for the re
ception of the library and cabinet of the Araeri
can Antiquarian Society, The library consists of
nearly 6,000 volumes, raany of thera rare and val
uable works, and the cabinet is respectable.
The building was erected at great expense by
Isaiah Thoraas, LL, D, tfae President ofthe Socie
ty, Worcester, p-t, Otoego co, N, Y, 13 m, S. E,
Cooperstown, Pop. 1,140.
Worcester, t Montgomery co. Pa. Pop. 868.
Worcester, co. on the esistern shore of Md. boun
ded N, by Delaware, E, by the Atlantic, S, by
Virginisi, and W, by_ Somerset co. Pop, 16,971,
including 4,427 slaves, Chieftown, Snowhill,
Worcum, or Woudrichem, or Wadefcum, t. Hol
land, onthe S, side ofthe Wahal, 13 m, E, N, E,
Dort, 16 N, N, E. Breda, Pop, 3, 167,
Worcum, s-p, Friesland, subject fo inundations
of the sea. The harbour is blocked up witfa sand,
bul it carries on considerable trade by means of its
canals; 18 ra, S, W, Lewarden, Lon, 6° 35' E.
Lat 63° N.
Wordingberg, s-p, Denmark, on the S, coast of
the island of Zesdand, opposite the island of Fal
ster, 43m, 8,W, Copenhagen, 13 S, S, E, Nest
ved. Lon. 11° 58' E. Lat 55° 3' N,

Workir^ton, s-p, Eng, in Cumberland co, at the
mouth of the Derwent, 7 m. N. Whitehaven, 307
N, N. W, London, Lon, 3" 27' W, Lat 64° 34'
N, Pop, 6,807,
Worksop, t, Eng, in Nottingfaarashire, 18 ra. S,
Sheflield, 146 N, London. Lon, 1° 8' W. Lat 53°
18'N, Worlitz, t. Germany, in Anfaalt-Dessau, on the
Elbe, 5 m, E, Dessau, Pop, 1,800,
Wormhaut, t France, in North, 5 m, S, Ber
gues, Pop, 3,078,
Warms, late a bishopric of Germany, in the cir
cle of tfae Upper Rfaine, surrounded by the Lower
Palatinate, the county of Kalzeiielnbogen, and the
electorate of Mentz ; about 10 miles in length,
along the borders of the Rfaine,
Warms, t, Gerraany in Hesse-Darmstadt, for
merly an imperial city, and capital of a bishopric
of the same name, is situated near the Rfaine,
This city has undergone many misfortunes, 25
ra, S, Mentz, 82 E, S, E. Treves, Lon, 8° 22' E,
Lat 49° SO'N, Pop, 5,600,
Warm's Head, or Penrhyn Gwyr, rock on tfae S.
coast of Wales, in Glaraorgan, Lon, 4° 17' W.
Lat 61° 36'N,
Womiisdorf, t. Saxony, 20 m. E, Leipsic, 20 N,
W. Meissen, Lon, 12° 53' E. Lat 51° 16' N,
Worsboraugh, v. Eng, in York, 3 m, S, Barnes-
ley, 171 N, London,
Worse, r, Eng, which runs into tfae Severn^
near Bridgenortfa,
Worseley, t Eng, in Lancashire, 7 m, N. W.
Manchester, Worsted, or Wursted, t, Eng, in Norfolk, re
markable for the invention of first twisting of
woollen yarn, hence called worsted. 12 m, N,
Norwich, 120 N, N, E. London, Lon, 1° 25' E.
Lat 52° 46' N,
Worth Borrow Bay, bay of tfae English cfaan
nel, on tfae S, coast of Dorset, 11 m, E. Wey-
moutfa, Warthington, p-t, Hampsfaire co. Mass, 20 m.
N, W, NorUiarapton, Pop. 1,391-
Worthington, t Richland co, Ohio,
Warthington, p-t FrankUn co, Ohio, 9 m. N,
Columbus, 58 W, Zanesville, II is pleasantly
situated, and contains an academy, several facto
ries, and 64 dwelling-houses.
Wortley, t, Eng, iu Yorkshire, near Leeds,
Walton Basset, t. Eng, in Wilte, 18 m. S. W,
Farrington, 89 W, Londou, Lon. 1° 56' W, Lat
51° 32' N,
Wottan under Edge, t. Eng, in Gloucester, 18
ra. S. Gloucester, 108 W. London. Lon, 2° 23'
W, Lat 51° ^2' N,
Wragby, t Eng, in Lincolnshire, II ra, N, E,
Lincoln, 144 N, London, Lon, 0° 20' W. Lat 53°
16'N. Wrongon, small isl. in the gulf of Finland. Lon.
25° E.Lat 69° 34' N.
Wrath, Cape, Scotland, the N. W. extremity of
Sutherland co. Lon. 6° 18' W. Lat. 58° 40' N.
Wreak, or Wreke, r. Eng. in Leicestershire,
wfaicfa runs into tfae Soar, 7 ra. N. E. Leicester,
Wrentham, p-t, Norfolk co. Mass, 27 ra, S, W.
Boston, 18 N. N. E. Providence. It contains an
academy, and cotton manufactory, and is cele
brated for tfae manufacture of straw bonnete. Pop.
2,478. Wrexham, t. Wales, in Denbigh. This is the
largest town in North Wales. Here is a large
cannon foundery. 12 m. S. S. W. Chester, 178 N.

798

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W Y T

W.London, Lon, 3° 12' W, Lat 63° 4' N, Pop,
4,039, Wrightsborough, p-v. Union co, S, C,
Wrightsborough, p-v, Columbia co, Geo, 12 ra,
W, Aplington,
Wrightsburg, p-t Ashtabula co, Ohio, on Lake
Erie, 8 m, N, W, Jefferson,
Wrighklown, t Bucks co. Pa, 4 m, N, New
town, Wrightstown, t. Belmont co, Ohio,
Wrightsville, p-v, York co. Pa, on the Susque
hannah, opposite Columbia.
Wrington, t. Eng, iu Somersetehire, II m. S,
Bristol, 125 W, London, Lon, 2° 56' W, Lat 51"
20' N,
Wrathom, or Wortham, t Eng, in Kent, Ilm,
W, N, W, Maidstone, 24 S. E, London. Lon. 0°
18' E. Lat 61° 19' N.
Wroxeter, v. Eng. in Salop, at fhe union of the
Torn and the Severn. Many Roman coins and
otfaer antiquities faave been found here. 5 m. S.
E. Slirewsbury, 155 N. W. London,
Wumme, r. Germany, wfaicfa runs into the We
ser, about 6 m. N. W, Bremen.
Wunnenberg, t. Prussian States, in WestphaUa,
14m. S. Paderborn. Lon. 8" 7' E. Lat. 51° 29' N.
Wunschdberg, or Hradeck, t. Prussian States, in
Silesia, 10 m. N. W. Glatz, 20 S. Scfaweidnitz.
Lon. 16° 16' E. Lat. 50° 19' N. Pop. 1, 352.
Wunsiedel, t. Bavaria, 34 ra. E. Bayreuth, 16
W, Eger in Boheraia, Lon, 12" 3' E, Lat 50° 3'
N. Pop. 2,871,
Wunstorf, t. Hanover, in the principality of
Calenberg, 10 ra, W, N, W, Hanover, Lon, 9°
32' E. Lat 52°' 27' N. Pop. 1,700,
Wurbenthal, t. Austrian Silesia, 13 m. W, Ja-
jerndorf, 22 N, W, Trophau, Lon. 17° 15' E.
Lat, 49° 67' N.
Wurlemberg, late a duchy, and now a kingdom
of Germany, of an oval figure, and included be
tween Bavaria on the eaat aud Baden on the
west. It is corapletely surrounded by these two
countries, except for a short distance on the south,
where it borders on the Lake of Constance. It
contains 8,118 square miles, and 1,395,463 inhab-
itatttsj with a revenue of 1,000,000/. sterUng. In
the diet of the German Confederation, it is enti
tled to 1 vote, and lo 4 votes iu the general assem
bly. The kingdom is composed of a great nura
ber of counties and lordships, sorae ofwhich were
purchased, sorae devolved to it by marriage, and
others were acquired by conquest. It is the most
fertile partof the southwestern section of Germa
ny, and exports grain in considerable quantities,
Tfaere is a university at Tubingen, Stuttgart is
tfae capital,
Wurwama, t. Hind, in Guzerat, on the S. side of
tfae gulf of Cutcfa, 40 ra. N. E. Noanagur,
Wurway,r. Wales, whicfa runs into the Vurney,
3 m. S, LlanvilUng,
Wurzburg, late a bishoprick of Germany, and

in 1806 erected into a duchy, now included iu the
kingdom of Bavaria, It was 80 miles long and 40
broad, Wurzburg was the capital,
Wurzburg, city, Bavaria, on tfae Msune, weU
fortified, and defended by a fortress, situated ou a
rock without the town. The town is divided into
four quarters smd four suburbs, in which are a
new palace, a cathedral, several collegiate and
parish churches, colleges, abbeys, and convents,.
50 m, E, S, E. Francfort on tfae Maine, Lon, 9"
59' E. Lat 49° 60' N, Pop. 21,000.
Wurzen, or Wurtzen, t. Ssixony, on the Muldi,
14 m, E, Leipsic, 44 N, W, Dresden, Lon, 12°
42' E. Lat 51° 19' N. Pop, 2,100,
Wuslerhausen, t Prussian States, in Branden
burg, on the Dosse, 36 m, N, W. Berlin, 27 N,
Brandenburg, Lou, 12° 31' E, Lat, 52° S3' N,
Pop, 2,400.
Wutach, r. Germany, which runs intc fhe
Rfaine, 10 m. below Lauffenburg.
Wyoconda, r. Missouri) wfaicfa runs into the
Mississippi, 30 m. below the Des Moins.
Wyahlsing, r. Pa. which runs into the E. branch
df tfae Susquefasmnah, above Asylum.
Wyolusing, p-t. Luzerne co. Pa. on tfae Susque-
hsmnafa. Pop. 676.
Wyandot, r. Indiana, which runs into the Ohio,
S. of Corydon.
Wyck k Duerstede,t. Netherlands, in Utrecht, 13
m. S. E. Utrecht, 21 W. Amheim.
Wycomb, (High,) or Chipping Wycamb, t Eng.
in Bucks, 25 ra. E. S. E. Oxford, 29 W. N. W.
Loudon. Lon. 0° 46' W. Lat 51° 38' N. Pop.
4,756. Wycoming falk, in tfae Susquefaannafa, 2 m,
above Wilkesbarre,
Wydow, r. Denmark, which runa into the North
sea, near Tondern.
Wye, r. Wales, whicfa rises in the S. part of
Mon%oraery co,, and runs into the Severn, below
Chepstow; ^i^e, t Eng, in Kent, 12 m. S, W. Canterbury,
56 E, S, E, London, Lon, 0° 58' E, Lat. 61° ll' N.
Wye mills, p-t Talbot co, Md.
Wymoa Bay, bay on the S, coast of Atooi, one
of the Sandwich islands, Lon, 200° 20' E, Lat 21°
57'N. Wylliesbury, p-v. Charlotte co, Vei,
Wyre, r, Eng, in Lancashire, whicfa runs into
the Irish sea, 9 ra, W. Garslang. Lon, 2° 56' W,
Lat 63° 63' N,
Wynonts kill, r. N, Y, which runs into the Hud
son al Troy,
Wysox, p-t Luzerne co. Pa. Pop. 619.
Wythe, CO, Va, inclosed by TazeweU, Montgom
ery, Grayson, and Washington cos. Pop, 8,356,
including 1,157 slaves, Cluef town, Evanshsun,
At the court-house is a post-oflice,
Wytootackee, isl, in the Pacific ocean, 10 miles
in circumference, Lon, 200° 19' E, Lat 18° 52' S,

X E R

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799

X,

Xabe A, S-p. Spain, in Valencia, near the coast
ofthe Mediterranean, 38 ra. N, N. E. Alicant, 64
S, S. W, Valencia. Pop, 4,000,
Xacre, cape on the S, E, coast of Candia, 18 m,
S. E. Settia.
Xaguay Bay, large bay onthe S. coast of Cuba.
Lon. 8 1" 20' W. Lat 22" 10' N.
Xaintes, (Sainlas,) or AU-Saints' ¦ Islands, 3
small islands ofthe W. Indies, situated lothe S, E,
of Guadaloupe, 6 miles distant Lon, 61" 32' W,
Lat 15° 66' N,
Xalapa, t, Mexico, the see ofa bishop, 70 ra, E,
Puebla de los Angelos, Lon, 98° 26' W. Lat, 19°
SO'N, Pop, 13,000,
Xok^n, r. Spain, wliich runs into the Ebro, 6 m,
above Saragossa,
Xanga, r. Africa, in MongaUo, which runs into
the Indian sea, opposite to the island of the sarae
name, Xanga, one of the Quereimby Islands, nesir tfae
E, coast of Africa, Lat 10° 46' S.
Xanten or Santen, t Prussian States, in tfae
province of Juliers-Cleves-Berg, near tfae Rfaine,
7 m, N. E. Gueldres, 12 S, E, Cleves. Pop, 3,000.
Xarama, r. Spain, which runs into the Tagus,
a Uttle below Aranjuez,
Xarayes, Laguna de Las, lake of Brasil, forraed
by the river Paraguay, 108 railes long and 21
broad, Lat 17° 45' S.
Xavier, t Spain, iu Navarre, 3 m, E, Sanguesa,
Xauxa, t Peru, 90 m. E, Liraa,
Xauxa, r. S. America, which rises in tfae An
des, and uniting witfa the Apuriraac, forras tfae
Ucayale. Xauxava, t, Morocco, on a river of the same
name, 16 ra. N. Morocco,
Xenia, p-f, and cap. Greene co, Ofaio, SO m. S.
Urbanna, 60 N, E, Cincinnati, 54 W, Columbus,
Pop, in 1815, 600, It contains a court-house and
jail, 2 churches, and au academy;
Xenil, r. Spsiin, which runs into tfae Guadal
quivir, 3 m, below Ecija,
Xeres de Bodegas, or Xeres de los Caballeros, t
Spain, in Estremadura, 72 ra. N, N, W. SeviUe,
61 S. W. Merida, Lon. 6" 52' W, Lat 38" 17' N,
Pop, 6,000,
Xeres de la Frontera, t. Spain, in Seville, on tfae
Guadalete, The environs are celebrated for
that excellent wine, corruptly called Sherry, 15
ra, N, N, E, Cadiz, 32 S. SeviUe, Lon, 6" 15' W,
Lat 36° 41' N, Pop, 8,000.

Xeres de la Frontera, t. Mexico, 25 m, S, Zaca
tecas, Xerica, t, Spain, in Valencia, 7 m. N, W, Se
gorbe, Pop, 3,800.
Xerte, r. Spain, which passes by Placentia, and
runs into the Alagon,
Xertigny, t France, in Vosges, 7 m, E, Epinal,
6N, Plombieres, Pop. 2,530,
Xerumenha,or Jerumenha, t. Portugsd, in Alen
tejo, 10 ra, S, Elvas, 18 S, W, Badajos. Lon. 6°
58' W. Lat 38° 36' N;
Xicaca, island of japan, about 90 miles long,
and nearly as many broad, situated near the S.
W, extremity of Nipfaon, frora wfaich it is separa
ted by a strait, full of small islands. Lon, 132° E.
Lat, 33° 30' N,
Xi/oca, r, Spain, wfaich at Calatiud changes ito
name to Xalon,
Ximena, t. Spain, iu SeviUe, 24 m, E. Medina
Sidonia, 54 S, E, SeviUe.
Ximo, or Kiusju, isl, of Japan, and second in
size and eminence, situated to tfae S, W, of Ni
pfaon, from which it is divided by a narrow chsin
nel. Ite circumference is about 300 railes, Lcni'„
130° 50' to 133" 30' E, Lat, 32° 40' to 34" N,
Ximonosequi, seaport, Japan, on the S,-W, coast
of Niphon, with a good faarbor, Lon, 132° 20' E.
Lat 33° 66' N.
Xingu, r. South America, which rises near lat
17° S. and after a northerly course of about 900
railes, runs into the Amazons river, 20 m. E. Pa
ra, in the govemraent of Para.
Xixona, t Spain, in Valencia, 13 ra. N. Alicant,
54 S. Valencia. Lon. 0" 42' W. Lat 38° 32' N.
Pop. 4,400.
Xucar, r. Spain, whicfa runs into the Medite-
ranean, 20 m. S. Valencia,
Xuli, t Buenos Ayres, nearthe W. coast of lake
Titicaca, 100 m, N, N. W. La Paz, Lon, 70° 6'
W, Lat, 16° 25' S,
Xuli, small isl, near the coast of Peru. Lat
16° 50' S.
Xulla, or Xullae, isl. in the E. Indian sea, 42
miles long, and from 10 to 16 broad; Lon. 125° E.
Lat 1° 63' S>
Xullabella, isl. iu the E. Indian sea, 25 miles
long and 6 broad. Lon. 126° 12' E. Lat. 2° 15' &
Xullamongbla, isl. in the E, Indian sea, 30 miles
long and 10 broad, Lon. 125° 42' E, Lat 1° 54'.S.

800

Y A L

YAP

Ya, city, China, 840 m, S, W. Peking, Lon,
102° 39' E, Lat 30° 9' N,
Yabaque, one of the Bahama islands, in lat, 23°
SO'N, Yabargulskoia, t, Russia, in Tobolsk, on tfae Ir
tisch, 120 m. E. Tobolsk,
Todi, r. Russia, wfaich runs into tfae Obskaia
gulf, in lon, 72° 38' E, lat 68" 25' N,
Yadkin, r. North Carolina, wfaicfa rises in the
AUeghany raountoins, and passing througfa Wilkes,
Surry, Rowsm, Montgomery, Anson, and Ricfa
mond counties, passes into Soutfa Carolina, In
Montgomery county are the narrows, wfaere tfae
river, which was before 200 or 300 yards wide, is
contracted to 30, A few mdes below the narrowa
it receives Rocky river from the weal, and then
takes tfae name of Great Pedee, wfaicfa it pre
serves till it falls into Winyaw bay, near George
town, Tfaia river waa aurveyed under the direc
tion of tfae Yadkin Navigation company, iu 1818,
from Wilkes court-faouse in tfae raountoins, to Cfae-
raw HiU, about 6 miles below the South Carolina
boundary, a diatance of 247 J miles, Tfae expense
of making it navigable for boato of ten tons tfarougfa
tfais distance, is estimated at $250,234, exclusive
of tfae narrows, wfaere for tfae present it is intend
ed to make a turnpike road for 7 miles. Tfae dis
tance from Cfaeraw Hill to Georgetown by land
is 103 mUes, but by waler 270. It is tfaougfat that
at least one-third of that distance can be saved by
canals at a raoderate expense. See Pedee Great.
Yadrin, t. Russia, in Kazan, 122 m. W. Kazan.
Lon. 45° 44' E, Lat 65° 34' N,
Yaguahs, t. Cuba, 22 m, S, Bayamo,
Yoguache, t. Peru, 25 ra, N, E, GuaysiquU,
Yaguaripe, r. Brazil, which runs into the At
lantic, in lat 13" 12' S,
Yaguaron, t, Paraguay, 10 m, S, E, Assumption,
Yohongo, isl. in the seaof Japan, Lon, 131"
45' E, L-dt 43" 8' N,
YakimvOT, t, Russia, in Viborg, on lake Ladoga,
8 m, S, Serdopol,
Yakutsk, t Russia, in Irkutsk, on tfae Lensi, the
capital ofa province, lo whicfa it gives narae. 960
m. N, E, Irkutok, Lon, 129" 14' E, Lat 62° 5' N,
Yak, t, Ceylon, 56 ra. S. S. E, Candi, Lon. 81°
20' E, Lat 6° 52' N,
Yale College. See New Haven, Ct,
Yalepul, t Ceylon, at the raouth of the Yale, 30
m.S, Yale,
Yalepul, t Ceylon, 96 m, S, E, Candi,
Yalloh's Point, cape on the S, coast of Jsimaica,
12 m, S, E, Kingston. Lon, 76° 21' W, Lat, 17°
53' N,
Yalmal, cape on the E, coast of Russia, in the
Karskoe sea, Lon, 68° 24' E, Lat 72" N.
Yalobusha, r, Mississippi, which runs into the
Yazoo, It is boatable to Elliot, 30 mUes above its
raouth, Yalova, t, Natolia, on the sea of Marmora, 30
m, N. Brusa,
Yalulorovsk, t. Russia, iu Tobolsk, on the Tobol,

108 m. S, W. Tobolsk, 620 W, N, W, KoUvan,
Lon. 66" 32' E, Lat. 56° 8' N,
¦ Yamanchalinskoi, t. Russia, iu Caucasus, on the
Ural, 20 m, N. Guriev,
Yamasca, r, Canada, which runs into the St
Lawrence, in lon. 72° 45' W. Lat. 46° N,
Yamaska, seigniory, Buckinghsun co. Lower
Canada, on tfae St Lawrence, 30 m, S, W, Three
Rivers. Yamburg, t Russia, 20 m, E, Narva, Lon. 28°
40' E. Lat 69° 15' N.
Yamimka, r. Russia, wfaich runs iuto tfae Irtisch,
14 m. S, S, W, Kozlovo,
Yamina, t. Africa, in Bambarra, near the Niger.
Lon, 3° 60' W, Lat 13° 46' N,
Yamon Bay, bay on the N, coast of the island
of Lucon. Lon, 122° 37' E, Lat, 14° 21' N.
Yamutha, one of the Aleutian islands. Lon,
180° 29' E. Lat 53° 40' N.
Yomscfievskaio, fort of Russia, iu KoUvan, ou
tfae Irtiscfa, Lon, 77° 60' E. Lat 51° 65' N.
Yomskaia, gulfof Russia, in tfae Penzinskoi sea,
between cape PiUatchin sind the continent Lon.
154° 14' E. Lat 60° 20' N.
Yomskoi, t. Russia, near the gulf of Yamskaia.
Lon. 153° 34' E. Lat 60° 12' N.
Yono, r. Russia, which runs into the Frozen
sea, in lon. 131° 16'E. lat 71° 25' N.
Yanceyville, p-v. Louisa co. Va. on South Anna
creek, 60 ra. N. W. Richmond.
Ya'ndaboo, t. Birmah, on the Irrawaddy, 70 m.
W. S. W. Ava.
Yondinskoi, t. Russia, on the Angara, 160 m. N.
N.W. Irkutok. Lon. 103° 20' E. Lat 54° SO'N.
Yong-ho, r. China, wfaicfa joins the San-cam-ho.
Lon. 1 12° 49' E. Lat, 40" 23" N,
Yang-tcheou, city, China, of the first rank, in
Kiang-nan, on the bank of tbe royal canal, 485
ra. S. S, E, Peking. Lon, 118" 54' E, Lat 32°
26'N. Yang-tse-kiang, or Kian-ka, r. Asia, wfaicfa rises
in the mountains of Thibet, and after crossing the
empire of China, from W, to E, falls info the sea,
120 m, E, Nan-king. It cfaanges ito name in al
most every province through which it passes.
Yani, kingdom, Africa, divided into Upper and
Lower, on the N, side of the Gsunbia,
Yantic, or Norwich river, Ct, joins the Shetuck
et, at Norwich,
Yao-ngan, or Yao-gan, city, China, in Yun
nan, 1,176 ra, S, W, Peking, Lon, 101° E. Lat
26° S3' N.
Ytto-tcheau, t. Chinese Tartary, 380 m. E. N, E,
Peking, Lon. 122" 14' E, Lat, 40" 43' N.
Yao-tcheau, city, China, on the N, side of the
lake Po-yang, 670 m. S, Peking, Lon, 116° 14' E,
Lat 29° N,
Yapandain, t Birrasdi, on the Irrawaddy, 40 m.
W. Ava.
Yapislaga, or Llams de Manso, a province of
tfae viceroyalty of Buenoa Ayres, situated S. of
the Vermeio river.

Y A ¥
Fiipoc, r. Surinam, which runs into the AUan
tic, near cape Orange.
Yaraeui, r. Venezuela, which runs into the
Spanish Main, in lon. 68" 40- W. lat 10° 28' N.
Yaransk, t Russi-d, 72 m. S. W. Viatka. Lon.
48° 34' E. Lat 55° 36' N.
Yarba, t Africa, 430 ra. S. W. Tombuctoo.
Yardley, v. Eng. in Worcestershire, 7 m. S. E.
Birmingham. Yare. See Segovia Nueva.
Yarensk, t Russia, on the Vitcfaegda, 92 m. N.
E. Ustiug. Lon. 47" 60' E. Lat. 62" N.
Yarkan, or Irken, or Yarkien, t. Kasfagar, or
Little Bukliaria, 90 m. S. E. Kasfagar. Lon. 78°
49' E. Lat 38° IS' N,
Yarkan, r. Asia, whicfa runs into lake Lop-Nor,
100 m. S. Tourfan.
Yorm, or Yarum, t. Eng. in York co. on the
Tees,-4 m. S. Stockton. Lon. 1° 24' W. Lat. 64"
37' N.
Yarmouth, or GrecU Yarmouth, seaport, Eng. in
Norfolk CO. at the raoutfa of the Yare. It is ex
tensively engaged in the herring fishery, which
employs about 160 vessels, of 40 to 50 lons. The
harbor is convenient, bul will not admit large ves
sels. Yarmouth sends 3 raembers lo parU-dment
22 m. E. Norwich, 123 N. N. E. London, ton. 1"
43' E. Lat 62° 35' N. Pop. ,17,977.
Yarmouth, seaport, Eng. on tiie N. coast of the
Isle of Wight, near the W. end. It sends 2 mera
bers to psirUament 1 1 ra. W. Newport, 99 S. W.
London. Lon. 1° 30' W. Lat 50° 40' N.
Yarmouth, t. on the W. coast of Nova Scotia,
35 m. W. Shelburn.
Yarmouth, t Middlesex co. Upper Canada, on
lake Erie.
Yarmouth, p-t. and seaport, Barnstable co. Msiss.
4 m. E. Barnstable, 70 S. E. Boston. Pop. 2,134.
YarmiK, or Yarun, t. Palestine, on a river of
the same name, which runs into the lake of Tibe
rias, 24 m. S. E. Sadhet
Yarm^uc, (an. Marsyas,) i. SyriE4 wfaicfa runs
into tfae Orontes, near Apamea.
Yarovoi, t Russia, in Tobolsk, on tfae Irtisch,
52 ra. N. Tobolsk.
Yarrow, r. Scotiand, which runs into the
Tweed, 2 m. bdow Selkirk.
Yarum. See Yarm.
Yaruqui, a plain in New Granada, 12 m. N. E.
Quito. y
Yasaschna, t Russia, on the Kitoi, 68 ra. N. W.
Irkutok. Yatcheveram, t Hind, in the Carnatic, 25 m. S.
W. NeUore.
Yale's River, r. Africa, which runs into tfae At
lantic, in Ion. 12° 15' W. lat 8° 8' N.
Yatreb, tfae real name of Medina, in Arabia.
Il is called Medina, or tfae city, by way of erai
nence. Yattendon, v. Eng. in Berks, 4 m. S. E. East
llsley. Yottonur, t Ceylon, 10 m, S, W. Candi.
Yauaca, t, Peru, on the coast, 20 m, S, S, E.
.Nasca, Lat 16° S,
- PaMgoi, t Peru, 80 m, S, E, Liraa, Lon, 75°
46' W, Lat 12° 40' S.
Yaxley, t, Eng. in Huntingdon co. 15 ra, N,
Huntingdon, 74 N, London, Lon, 0° 15' W. Lat,
62°27'N, YayacatUm, t, Mexico, 10 m, E, S, E, Puebla de
los Angelos,
Yayvos, or Yanvos, t. Peru, and capital of a ju
risdiction, 80 m, S, S, E, Lima, 101

YEN

801

FoMo, r, Mississippi, which rises in the Chick
asaw country,-and running S, W, joins the Mis
sissippi, 12 ra, above tfae Walnut hiUs, 100 above
Natchez, It is navigable 100 raUes, Little Ya
zoo runs into the Misaissippi, 15 m, below Pal
myra, Ye, or Wye, r. HoUand, wfaich passes by Ara
aterdara, and runs into the Zuyder Zee, 6 railes
below, Yeadon, t. Eng, in Yorkshire, 3 ra, S. Ottley.
Yecaty, t. Hind, in Mysore, 20 m, N, Seringapa
tara. Yecla, I. Spain, in Murcia, Lat 38° 33' N. Pop.
8,000. Yedacotla, t Hind, in Mysore, 15 ra. N. Din
digul. Yeddimungalum, t. Hind, in the Carnatic, 18 m,
E, Tanjore,
Yegue Hotun, t Chinese Tartary, 418 m, E, N,
E, Peking, Lon, 124° 19' E, Lat 43° N,
Yell Island, one ofthe Sfaetland islands, 20 railes
long, and about 7 broad, Lon, 1° 20' W, Lat 60°
56' N,
Yellow River, r. Ireland, which runs into the
Boyne, 4 m. S, Kinnegad,
Yellow River. See Hoangho.
Yellow Sea, or Gulfof Leo-Tong, large gulf in
cluded between tfae coast of China and the penin
sula of Corea, about 400 miles from N, to S, and
from 100 to 250 broad.
Yellow banlcs. See Mauvais terre.
Yellow busha. See Yalobusha.
Yellow creek, r. Ohio, whicfa runs into the Ohio,
about 15 ra. above SteubenviUe, It rises in salt
springs, at whicfa salt is raanufaclured.
Yellow creek, t. Colurabisma co. Ofaio, Pop, 491 .
YeUow springs, p-v. Huntingdon co. Pa,
Yellow springs. See Ludlow, Ohio,
Yellowstone, or Rochejoune, r. North .America,
whicfa rises from a lake in tfae Rocky raOuntains,
between lat, 43° and 44° N, and after a north-east
erly course of 1,100 railes, falls into the Missouri,
1,800 miles from its mouth, Capt Clark descend
ed tfais river, on his return from the Pacific ocean.
He found it deep, rapid, and navigable, from tfae
place wfaere fae struck it to ito month, a distance
of 850 railes, Innuraerable herds of buffaloes
ranged upon its banks ; and the traders sprak ia
terms of high admiration of the climate and soil.
The government of the U, Stales faave it in cou
teraplation lo establisfa a militsiry post eventually
at the raouth of this river.
YeUow water, r. which rises in Alabama, and
passing into Florida, runs into Pensacola bay,
Yemen, the finest and most fertile province of
Arabia, surrounded by the Red sea, and by the
provinces of Hadramaut, Nedsjed, and Hedsjas,
Yemen is naturally divided into two paits, differ
ing greatly in soil and elimale : that bordering on
the Red sea is a dry and sandy plain, scorcfaed by
the raost torrid heats; the other, lying beyond
tfais, is hilly and teraperate.
Yen-king, city, China, 62 m, N, N, W, Peking.
Lon, 125° SO' E. Lat 40° SO' N,
Yenne, t. France, in Mont Blanc, near the
Rhone, 14 m, N, W, Chambery,
Yen-ngon, city, China, on the Yen, 390 m, S.
W, Peking, Lon, 108" 49' E. Lat, 36° 44' N,
¥an-ping, city, China, 820 m. S, Peking, Lon,
117°54'E. Lat 26° 40* N-.
Yen-kheau, city, China, in Tche-kiang, 650 m.
S. S. E, Peking, ijOa. 119° 14' E, Lat^9°38' N-

802

YON

Y O R

Yen-icheou, city, Cfaina, in Chan-tong, 267 m. S.
Peking, Lon, 116° 36' E. Lat 35" 44' N,
Yeovil, t. Eng, in Somerset co, on the Ivel, 46
m, E, Exeter, 123 W, S, W. London, Lon, 2"
48' W, Lat 50° 56' N, Pop, 3,118,
Yeourtun-ouei, t, Chinese Tartary, Lon, 121°
19' E, Lat 41° 8' N,
Yeou-yu, isl, in the Chinese archipelago, 62 m,
S, W, Macao,
Yepes, t. Spain, in New Castile, 17 ra, E, To
ledo, Yerkie, t. Russia, on an island at the moulfa of
tfae Volga, 60 m. S, Astracan,
Yermo. See Jermo.
YerviUe, t France, in Lower Seine, 16 m. N, N,
W, Rouen,
Yesd, t Persia, in Irak, on.the borders of Seges-
lan and Kerman, The inhabitants manufacture
stuffs and carpeto, 190 ra, E, Ispafaan, 210 N, E,
Scfairas, Lon, 56° E- Lat Sl" 57' N,
Yesd, t, Persia, in Laristan, 40 ra, N. Lar,
Yesdikhast, or Jesdhast, t Persisi, in Farsistan,
42 m, S. Ispahan, 120 N, Sehiras,
Yethan, r. Scotland, whicfa runs into the Ger
raan sea, 10 ra, N, Aberdeen,
Yetholm, t. Scotland, in Roxburgfa co. 10 m, E,
N, E, Jedburgfa, 66 S, Edinburgfa, Pop. 1,011.
Yevering, v. Eng. in Northumberland, 6 m. W.
N.W- WooUer.
Yeula, t. Hind, in Baglana, 5 m. E. Bahbel
gong. Yevre le Chateau, t. France, in Loiret, 6 ra. S.
E. Pithiviers.
Yeyeapour, t Hind, in Lahore, 16 m. S. Nagor
cote. 'Yffinioc, t Franoe, in North Coasts, 6 ra. S. E.
Sf. Brieuc.
Ygea, t Spainj in Old Castile, 12 ra. S, Cala
horra, Ygualada, t. Spain, in Catalonia, 28 m. N. W,
Barcelona, Yieti, t, Paraguay, 120 m, S, E, Assumption.
Ylivieska, t. Sweden, 38 m, S, Ulea,
Yk, or Ik, seaport, Peru, Lat 17° 38' S.
Ylum Oe, isl, Denmark, in tfae LitUe Belt Lon.
10° 7'E, Lat 55° 8'N,
Yniesta, t. Spain, iu New Castile, 20 m, S, E,
Alarcon, Yohogany. See Youghiogeny.
Yoingt, or Joingt, t, Franoe, in Rfaone-and-
Loire, 7 m, E, Roanne, 2 W, S. W, Ville-francfae,
Yolotou, or YuUus, or Cyalis, t. Little Bukha
ria, 85 m, N. N, W, Hami,
Yam-nim-kien-Hotun, t. Chinese Tartary, ou
the coast of the gulf of Leao-tong, 263 m. E. Pe
king. Lon. 121° 34' E. Lat. 40° N.
Yan, r. France, in Vendee, which passes by La
Roche sur Yon.
Yang-ning, city, China, of the first rani;, in
Yun-nan, on the borders of Thibet, 1,095 ra. S,
W, Peking, Lon, 100° 24' E. Lat, 27° 50' N.
Yong-ngoo, isl, near the coast of China, in
Quang-tong, 20 m, S, 6, E, Macao.
Yong-pe, city, China, iu Yun-nan. 1,150 m, S.
W, Peking. Lon. lOQ" 3^' E. Laf, 26° 42' N.
Yang-ping, city, China, in Pe-tche-li, on a riv
er whicn runs into the gulf of Leao-tong, 115 ra,
E, Peking, Lon, 118° 34' E, Lat. 39° 56' N,
Yong-lehang, or Yung-khang, city, Cfaina, in
Yun-nan, 270 m, S, W, Peking, Lon, 99" E. Lat
25" 6'N,
Yong-tcheou, city, China, ita Hou-quang, 882

m, S, S. W. Peking. Lon. 111° 15' E. Lat 26°
lO'N. , Yonkers, p-t Westehester co. N. Y. 21 m. from
New York. Pop. 1,366.
Yonne, r. France, which joins the Seine, at
Montereau. .
FonTie, a department of France, bounded N.E.
by Aube, S. E. by Cote d'Or, S, by Nyevre, W,
by Loiret, and N, W, by Seine-and-Mame. Pop.
325,994. Auxerre is the capital,
YoakUogee, v. in the Cherokee country, 60 m.
S, E. Brainerd. A scfaool was established here by
the American Bosu-d of Foreign Missions, in 1819,
Yopa, t, Mexico, in Cnliacan, 100 m, E, N, £,
CuUacan, Yapas, Las, r. Mexico, which runs into the Pa
cific ocean, in lat, 17° 10' N,
York, city, England, and see of an archbishop,
on the Ouae, in the Weat Riding, near the centre
of fhe county to which it gives name, ll has al
ways been considered as the capital of the north
part of England, aod the second in the kingdom in
rank. The walls of this ancient city are all en
tire, being repaired every year, if there is occa
sion. In the reign of Henry V. it bsul 44 parish
cfaurches, besides 17 chapels, 16 hoapitala, and 9
religioua houses. Tfae cathedrsil, silike venerable
for size, style, and ornamente, vras two centuries
in buUding, frora 1227 lo 1426. The whole length,
frora E. to W, ia 524 feef, the breadth 109 feet of
tfae cross-aiale, and the height of the lantern atee-
ple 180, Il sends two members lo parliament
197 m, N, London, 191 S. Edinburgh. Lon, I" W,
Lat, 54°N, Pop, 16,145,
York, t the capital of Upper Canada, formerly
called Torento, is situated on the N. W. coast of
lsike Ontario, witfain an excellent hsirbor made by
a large peninsula, sufiicienUy Isirge to contsiina
considerable fleet On tfae exfreraity of the pe
ninsula, called Gibraltar Point, are block-houses
and stores. The town contains some fine build
ings, among which are a court-house, council-
house, and a cfaurch for Episcopalians. 170 m. W.
S. W. Kiugston. Lon. 79° 20' W. Lat 43° 25' N.
Pop. about 3,000.
York, CO, Lower Canada, on the N. side of the
St Lawrence, extending sdong Ottawa riifer.
York, CO, New Brunswick, ou both sides of the
Sf , Johns,
York, r, Msune, in York co, affording for 7 or 8
miles, a good faarbor for vessels of 200 tons,
York, CO, Maine, bounded N, by Oxford co, N,
E, by Cumberland co, S. E, by tfae Atlantic, and
W. by New Hampsfaire. Pop. 41,877.
York, port of entry, p-t. and cap. York co,
Maine, 9 ra, N. N, E. Portomoulh, 42 S, W, Port
land, 67 N, E. Boston, Pop, 3,046, The courts
of the county are held alternately here and at Al
fred, The river on whicfa it stands is navigable
for vessels of 250 tons. The shipping amounted
in 1816, to 1,470 tons,
York, or Yorkto'wn, t Westchester co, N, Y, 45
m, N, New York, Pop. 1,924,
York, t Genesee co, N, Y,
York, CO, Pa, on tfae W, side of the Susquehan
nah, Pop, 31,958,
York, borough, and cap, York co, Penn, on Co
dorus creek, a branch of the Susquehsranah, 22
ra, W, S, W, Lancaster, 30 S, E, Cariisle, 50 E,
Chambersburg, 48 N, Baltimore, 84 W, PhUadel
phia, It is regularly laid out and contains a court
house, jail, acaderay, almshouse, and 8 houses of

YOU
(lublic worship, for as many different denomina
tions. Lon. 76" 40' W. Lat. 39" 58' N. Pop.
a.fi,i7.

Y U N

803

York, r. Va, which is formed by the union of tfae
Mattapony and Pamunky, and runs into tfae Ches
apeake, S. of Mobjack bay, opposite Cape St,
Charles, It has 4 fatfaoms water for 20 miles
above Yorktown,
York, CO, Va, on the western shore of the Cfaes
apeake, bordered on the N, by York river. Pop,
5, 187, incluaing 2,931 slaves, Cluef town, York-
town, York, disfrict, S. C, on Catabaw river. Pop,
10,032, including 3,164 slaves. At the court
house is a post-office.
York, t. Belmont co. Ofaio, on tfae Ohio, 14 ra.
S, St ClairsvUle. Pop, in 1819, 715,
York, t, Montgoraery co, Ohio, 7 m, N, Dayton.
YorkBay, a bay on tfae S, W, coast of the isl
and of St, Vincent, 2 ra, N, W, Kingstown bay,
York Fort, fort at the mouth of Nelson's river,
in Hudson's bay, Lon, 92" 46' W, Lat 67" 2' N.
York Minster, alofty-promontory on the coastof
Terra del Fuego. Lon. 70" 25' W. Lat 55" 26' S.
York Point, a cape in the strsuto of Msigellan.
Lon. 73" 32' W. Lat 63" 39' N.
York Road, a road for sfaips in the straits of M a-
gellau, near the coast of Patagonia. Lon. 73° 62'
W. Lat 53° 39' S.
Yorkshire, county, England, and by far tfae lar
gest in tiie kingdom, bounded N. by Durham, E.
Eind N. E. by the German sea, S. by Lincolnshire,
Nottingfaarasfaire, and Derbyshire, S. W. by
Chesfaire and Lancashire srad N. W. by West
moreland. It is divided into three ridings, Nortfa,
East, aud West. Pop. in 1811, 973,117.
Yorktown, or York, p-t. port of entry, and cap.
York CO. Virginia, on tfae S. side of York river, II
miles from its mouth, at the point wfaere the river
is suddenly contracted lo tfae width ofa raile. The
banks of tiie river are very high, and vessels of
the Isurgest burthen may ride close under tfaera
with the greatest safety. The harbor is said lo be
the best in Virginia, The araount of sfaipping
owned in tfais district in 1816, waa 733 tons. This
town -wiU ever be famous in the Araerican annsds
for the capture of Lord Cornwallis and fais array,
on the 19th of October 1791, 29 ra, N. W, Nor-
foUi, 72 E. S. E, Richmond, 187 S, S, E, Wash
ington, Lat 37° 22' N. Lon, 76° 52' W, Pop,
about 70O,
Yo-tcheou, city, China, in the province of Hou
quang, on the Yang-tse river, and on the Tong-
tinglake, 575 m, S. Peking, Lon, 112° 36' E. Lat
29°23'N. Youb, El, t. Algiers, 60 m. S. W. Tremecen,
Youghall, seaport, Ireland, in Cork co, on a bay
to which it gives name, al the raouth of! Blackwa
ter river. There is a bar at the raouth ofthe port,
whicfa makes it difficult and sometimes dangerous,
31 ra. S. W, Waterford, 25 E, Cork,
Youghiogeny, r. Pa, whicfa pierces the Laurel
mountains, and flowing N, W, joins tfae Monon
gahela, 15 m. S, E, PiUsburg, From tfae falls at
tfae Laurel mountains, to Cumberland on the Po
tomac, is 40 miles,
Yovis, t. Africa, in Whidah, 9 m, E, N. E. Sabi,
Young Poinl, cape on the E, coast of St, .Vin
cent Lon, 61° 9' W, Lat 13° 12' N,
Young's Island, isl, near the S, coast of the isl
and of St. Vincent, 2 ra. S, E. Kingston bay.
Toungoule, seaport on the W, coast of Mada
gascar, Lon, 47° 4' E, Lat, 23° 30' S.

Youngstoum, t, Niagara co, N, Y, 6 m. from
Lewiston, Youngstown, p-v, Westmoreland co. Pa,
Youngstown, p-t. Trumbull co. Ohio, 14 ra, S, £.
Warren. Pop. 773.
Yowry, isl. in the E. Indian sea, near the N.
coast of New Guinea. Lon. ISO" 45' E. Lat 0°
15' S.
Yox glades, p-v. AUegfaany co, Md,
Ypres, or Ipres, city, Netherlands, in Flanders,
on the Yperlee, In the year 1242, the population
amounted to 200,000, principally weavers and
tradesmen. The inhabitants carried on a great
trade in woollen cloth, but by the severity of tfae
duke of Alva, tfae principal manufacturers were
driven to England, At this lime, they carry on a
considerable manufacture of linen, of excellent
fabric, Ypres has sustained several reraarkable
sieges, 54 posto S, Ostend, 4 N, W. Lisle, Lon,
2" 53' E, Lat 50° 48' N. Pop, 15, 148,
Yrsee Abbey, a princely abbey, Germany, 3 m,
N, W, Kaufbeuren, 25 S, W, Augsburg.
Yrun. See Iran.
Ysendyck, or Isendyck^ t, and fort, Flanders, on
the arm of the Scheldt, caUed the Blie, 8 m, E.
Sluys, 17 N, W, Ghent Lon, 3° 28' E, Lat 51°
21' N,
Ysni. See Isny.
Yssel. See Issel.
Yssengeoux, or Issengeaux, t France, in Upper
Loire, 12 ra. N, E. Le Puy, Lon. 4° 10' E, Lat
45° 8' N. Pop. 6,482.
Ystad, or Ydstad, seaport, Sweden, 26 m, S. E.
Lund. Lon. 13° 44' E, Lat 66°' 22" N, Pop.
3,021. Yu, T. China, which rises in Hofaan, and joins
tfae Hoai, 20 m. E, S, E, Sin-toai,
Yu, r. Cfaina, which rises in Kiang-si, and runs
into tfae Kankiang, 7 m. N, N, E, Lin-kiang,
Yucatan. See Merida. . .
Yuen-kiang, city, China, of the first rank, in
Yun-nan, on the Ho-li river, 1,250 m. S, W, Pe
king, Lon, 101° 44' E, Lat 23° ST N,
Yiserdun, or Ifferten, t. Switzerland, in Vaud,
on the lake of Neufchatel, at the mouth of the
river Orb, which divides into two branches, form
ing a good port, and an island, on wfaicfa the town
is situsited. It has a large and strong castle, a
college, hospital, divers magazines, &c, 34 m,
S. W, Berne, 16 N, Lausanne, Lon, 6° 14' E, Lat,
46° 48' N. Pop, 2,500.
Yvetot, t. France, in Lower Seine, 18 ra. N, W,
Rouen, 6 N. Caudebec, Pop, 9,800. Lat. 46"
47' N.
Yuma, Of; Yumba, or Long Island, one of the
Bahama islands, about 50 railes long. Lon. 74"
60' W. Lat 23° 20' N.
Yumba Bay, bay on the E, coast of Hispaniola,
S. of Cape Spada.
Yumetos, a cluster of islands aniong the Bahama
islands, 20 ra. S, W, Yuraa.
Yun-hingf city, China, in Ho-nan, 430 ra, S,
Peking. Lon- 113° 52' E. Lat 33° N,
Yun-nan, province, Cfaina, bounded N, by Se-
tcfauen and Tfaibet, E, by Quang-si and Koei-
tcheou, S, by Laos, and W, by Ava and Pegu ;
about 300 miles long, and 250 broad. It is reck
oned one of the most fertile in China,
Yun-nan, city, China, of the first rank, and
capital of Yun-nan, al the N, exfremity of a lake,
and formerly celebrated for ito extent, and tfae
beauty of its public edifices ; but the Tartars, ia
their different invsisions, destroyed all these monu-.

804

Z A L

Z A N

mento, 1,152 m. S. S, W, Peking, Lon, 102° 28'
E, Lat 25° 6'N,
Yuntoi, isl, near tfae coast of China, in the
Eastern sea, 30 miles in circumference, Lon,
119° 19' E, Lat 34° 35'N,
Yupura, r„Peru, wfaich branches off from the
Caqueta, about lat 1° N. and after an easterly
course of about 600 miles, runs into the river of

the Amazons by many mouths, 100 m, W, Fort Rio
Negro, Lat4°S.
Yurna, isl. on the coast of Brazil, at the mouth
of the river Amazons, near the equinoctial Kqe,
Lon. 50° 40' W,
Yutij t. Paraguay, on a river of the same nsune,-
wfaich runs iuto the Paraguay, 115 m, S, E, As
sumption.

z

Zaab, or Zeb, district, Africa, in Sahara, Lat.
between 34° SO' and 35" N, ¦
Zaondam. See Sardam,
Zoora. See Sahara.
Zabacha. See Azoph.
Zaber, r. Germany, which runs info the Neckar,
near Lauffen,
Zabukn. See Zebulon.
Zacatecas, intendancy, Mexico, bounded N, by
Durango, E, by San Luis Potosi, S. by Guauax-
ato, and W, by Guadalaxara, Area, 18,039
square raUes, Pop, 153,300.
Zacatula, or Sacatula, t. Mexico, on a river of
the same narae, near the Pacific oee-an, 95 m, S.
Mechoacan. Lon, 103" W. Lat 18° 35' N,
Zochea, or Desechio, small isl. in the West In
dies, between Hispaniola and Porto Rico, 27 ra,
N, E, Mona,
Zadaon, r. Portugal, which runs into the At-'
lantic, near Setuval,
Zodensk, t. Russia, in Voronez, on the Don,
92 m, N, Voronez, Lon, 39° 14' E, Lat S3°
4'N, Zafra, t A, Turkey, in Trebisond, oh tfae Black
sesi, 60 m. N, W, Trebisond.
Zafro, t- Spain, in Estreraadura, 22 m, E, Xeres
de los CabaUeros, Pop, 6,000,
Zagara, (an. Helicon,) mountsun of Greece, iu
Livadia, Zogatai, country, Asia, on each side of tfae Gi
hon, including Samarcand and Bukharia.
Zogowa, city, Africa, in Bornou, on a river,
Lon, 25° 50' E, Lat, 19° 10' N,
Zagara, t, Eu, Turkey, in Romania, on a lake
which comraunicates with the Black sea, 12 ra, S,
W, Burgas,
Zoharo, t Spain, in Seville, 36 m, S, E, Se
ville, 40 N, W, Madrid, Lon, 5° 33' W, Lat 36°
60' N,
Zoharo. See Sahara.
Zainah, t Algiers, 40 m. S, W, Constantina,
Zoine, or Wadel Berber, r. Africa, which
runs into the Mediterranean, in lon, 9° 16' E, lat,
36°64'N, Zaire, or Soire, or Congo, r. Africa, which
rises in the country of Matsunba, about lat, 10°
S, and takes a northerly course to lat 3° in the
kingdom of Congo ; after which it takes a S, W,
direction, and runs into the Atlantic, in lon, 12"
20' E. lat. 6" S, An expedition under Capt Tuck
ey was sent from England in 1816, to explore this
river, and ascended in a sloop 120 miles, and on
fool 150 miles further, but meeting with insupera
ble difficulties, was then obliged to return,
Zal Aleksa'ndroi'skoi, bay of the Caspian sca»

260 m. S. S. E, Asfrachan, Lou, 61° 14'E. Lat
43° N,
Zambose, or Cumana, r, Africa, wfaich runsinto
the Indian sea. Lon. 37° E. Lat. 19" S,
Zamfora, or Zonforo, t Africa, and cap, of a
kingdom ofthe same name, 170 m. E. N, E, Wan
gara, Lon, 16° 15'E, Lat 18° 20' N,
Zamora, t. Spsun, in Leon, on tfae Duero,- the
see of a bishop, it is a frontier town against Por
tugal. 120 m. N. W. Madrid, 50 S. S, W. Leon;
Lon. 6° W. Lat 41° 60' N. Pop. 8,600.
Zamora, t Mexico, 80 ra. N. W. Mechoacan.
Lon. 103° 40' W. Lat 20° 54' N,
Zamora, t, S. AmericE^ 200 ra. S, Quito, Lon.
78° 46' W. Lat 4° S,
Zamoscie, or Samastzic, t and fortress, Austrian
Poland, in GaUcia, with a stately catfaedral, sev
eral other cfaurcfaes, and a decayed university,
60 m, N. W. Lemberg, 40 S. S. W. CheUn. Lon,
23° 15' E. Lat 50° Sl'N, Pop, 3,500.
Zompala, or Chempaalla, or Zempoala, city,
Mexico, 90 m. E. Puebla de los Angelos. Lon,
97° 60' W, Lat 20° lO'N,
Zone, t. Logan co, Ofaio, Pop. iu 1815, 315,
Zonestoton, t Logan co- Ohio.
Zanesville, p-t. and cap, Muskingum co, Ohio,
on tfae E, side of Muskingum river, at tfae falls, op
posite Putnam, 80 m. W, Wheeling, in Virginia,
61 N,W. Marietta, 70 N. E, ChilUcoUie, 68 E,
Colurabus, It is a very fiourisfaing town, and well
situated for trade and manufactures, the naviga
tion of the Muskingum being uninterrupted from
ils moulfa, tfae fsUls affording numerous fine mill-
seato, and tfae surrounding country abounding
witfa inexhaustible beds of coal for such estsiblisfa-
mento as require tfae use of fuel. Here are al
ready erected 2 glass-houses, several flour-mills,
an oil-raill, saw-raiUs, a nail factory, and woollen
factory, "The town contains besides 2 banks, 2
printing-offices, a court-house, and several public
offices. There are 2 bridges over the river althis
place, A company was incorporated in 1814, for
the construction of a csinal and locks around the
falls, and the work is now rapidly progresang.
The expense is estimated at from 70,000 to 100,000
dollars, and tfae corapsmy intend to unite with the
canal extensive water works, for manufacturing
purposes, Lon, 82° 3' W. Lat 39° 58' N, P<*p.'
about 1,500,
Zanfara. See Zamfora.
Zangesair, or Sangueseer, s-p. Hind, in ConJ
can, 15 ra, S, Severndroog, Lon. 72° 64' E, Lat
17° 38' N.
Zanguebar, a name given to a large territory
on the eastern coast of Africa, -embracing the

Z A V
aounfries of Melinda, Mongala, Mozarabique, &c.
The name is said to iraport " the coast of the
Negroes," all the inhabilanto being blacks, with
curled vroolly hair. It extends from lat 2° N. to
21" S,
Zanhago, or Zansaga, or Zenhaga, province of
Africa, in Sahara, bordering on the Atlantic,
Zante, isl, in the Mediterranesm, near tfae coaat
of tfae Morea, about 12 milea long and 6 broad,
cfaiefly inhabited by Greeka, The Greeks faave
40 churcfaes, besides convente, srad a bisfaop ; the
Roman Catholics faave tfaree convents and a bisfa
op. By tfae treaty of Campo Formio, Zante was
given to France ; but in 1799, it wsis tsiken by tfae
united fleets of Russia and Turkey, and soon af
terwards connected witfa other neighbouring isl
ands to form tfae republic of tfae Seven Islands,
See lonicm islands. The island produces excel
lent wine, and currants, olives, figs, melons, peach
es, and other choice fruito. It is much subject to
earthquakes; The London Society have a mis
sionary on tills islsrad, Lon, 21° 4' E. Lat 37° 40°
N. Pop, 40,000,
Zante, t and capital of tfae island of Zante, sit
uated on the N, E, side, with a hsu-bour safe and
commodious for vessels of any size. On a raoun
tain above Ifae town is a citadel wfaich comraands
the harbour, Zante is the see of a Greek and
Latin bishop, Lon, 21° 8' E, Lat 37° 50' N,
Pop, 12,000,
Zanzibar, or Zangibar, isl, Africa, in the Indian
sea, near tfae coaat of Zanguebar. Lon. 41° 15'
E, Lat 6° S.
Zara, city and s-p. Dalmatia, tfae see of au arch
bisfaop, surrounded on all sides by tfae sea, saving
tfaat it faas a communication with tfae continent,
by means of a draw-bridge, coramanded by a fort.
It is deemed almost irapregnable. The harbour,
whicfa lies to the north, is capacious, safe, and
weU guarded. 28 m, N. W, Scardona, Lon, 16°
38' E, Lat 44" 22' N, Pop. 6,000,
Zaro Vecchia, Old Zara, or Biograd, or Albi
Maritima, t Dalmatia, now little better than a
village, 18 ra. S, E, Zara.
Zaraisk, t. Russia, in Riazan, on the Oser, 24
m, S. W, Riazan. Lon, 38'; 24' E, Lat, 64" 30' N.
Zared, in Sac. Geog, t Palestine, in the tribe of
Manasseh. Zareng^ or Segeston, t. Persia, and cap- of Se-
gestan, celebrated for ito beautiful pottery. 222
m, W, Candahar, 162 E, Ispahan. Lon, 61° 32'
E,Lat32°S'N, Zarepthah, in Sac, Geog, t, Palestine, between
Tyre and Sidon,
Zarethan, in Sac, Geog, See Zared.
Zarp, r. Asia, wfaich runs into the Tigris, 40 m,
below Mosul,
Zarpana, or Rota, or St. Ann, one of the La
drone islanda, about 40 railes in circumference, 21
m. from Guam,
Zoshiversk, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, 1,320 m. N, N,
E, Irkutok, 1,732 E, N, E, Kolivan. Lon, 138° 14'
E. Lat 67" 26'N,
-Zatmar, t Hungary, 56 m. N, N, W, Colosvar,
170 E, Presburg, Lon, 22° 24' E, Lat, 47° 47' N,
PUp, 8,209, ,
Zator, t. Austrian Poland, 22 ra, W, S, W, Cra
cow, Zaindei, isl, Russisi, at the entrance of the gulf
of Tchaunskaia, in the Frozen sea, 60 miles in
circumference, Lon, 166" 14' E. Lat, 71° 50' to
72° SO'N.

Z E I

805

Zaurgatch, t, Russia, in Tobolsk, on the Irtisch,
80 ra. E, S, E, Tobolsk.
Zaweh, district, Persia, bounded N, by Ka-
rasra, E, by Cfaorasan, S. by MazanderEm, and W,
by the Caspian sea,
Zaweh, t Persia, and capitalof a district, on the
river Tedjen, 24 m, from tbe Caspian sea, 81 m,
N, Meschid, 45 N, N, E, Asterabat
Zawichost, t. Poland, 8 ra, N, Saudorairz,
Zavnch, t. A, Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Eu
phrates, 24 ra, E, Anah,
Zayre, See Zaire.
Zborrow, t, Austrian Poland, 63 ra, E, Lem-
burg, 26 N, W, Braclaw,
Zealand, or Zeeland, or Seelond, (in Danish'
SUeland,) the largeat ialand belonging to the king
dom of Denmark, bounded N, by the Scaggerac^
E, by the Sound, S. by the Baltic, and W, by the
Great Belt ; about 65 miles long from N, to S.
and wfaere widest, 60 from E. to W, The aoil is
generally fertile, and produces corn more than
suflicient for tfae infaabilanto, with excelleut pas
tures, Lon, 10° 68' to 12° 40' E, Lat, 55° 2' to 56°
6'N, Zealand, one ofthe States ofthe kingdom ofthe
Netherlands, consisting of islands forraed by
branches and outlets ofthe Scheldt On the N, it
is bounded by Holland, E, by. Brabant, S,by Flaur
ders, and W, by tfae Nortfa sea. The islands of
Walcheren and Schouwen are defended against
tfae violence of tfae sea, by downs or sand-faills on
one side, sind on tfae otfaer like the rest of tfae isl
ands of Zealand, by vast dykes, Tfae soil is very
fruitful, and famed for ito excellent wfaeat and
madder. Pop, 112,000,
Zealand, New, See New Zealand
Zeb, ar Zib, t Syria, near the sea coast, (an,
Achsaph, Achzib, and Ecdippa,) 9 ra, from Acre,
Zebid, city, Arabia, in Yemen, once the most
coraraercial city in all Tehama ; but since tfae faar
bour of Gfaalefka was cfaoked up, ito trade faas
been transferred to Beit el Fakifa and Mocfaa, and
it now retains notfaing but the shadow of its former
splendour. 52 m, N, Mocha, Lon, 43° 15' E,
Lat 14" 12' N,
Zebaim, in Sac, Geog, a valley iu the tribe, of
Benjamin, Zechini, small isl, in the Grecian arcfaipelago,
2 m, S, E, Stanchio, Lon, 26° 51' E, Lat 36°
48' N,
Zedic, t Africa, cap, of a district of Tripoli, on
abay ofthe Mediterranean, caUedthe Bay of Ze
dic, 150 m. E. S, E, Tripoli, 120 S, E, Mesurada,
Zegedin, or Szeged, t. Hungary, near the con
flux ofthe rlrers Maros and Theisse, It is strong,
and a place of sorae trade, 68 m,-N, Belgrade, 60
N. W, Teraesvar, Lon, 19" 56' E. Lat, 46" 15' N.
Pop, 25,347,
Zegma, t. A. Turkey, in Diarbekir, on the Eu
phrates, opposite Rorakala,
Zegzeg, cityj Africa, and cap. of a country of
the sarae name, 370 ra, N, N, E, Cashna; Lbn,
16"E, Lat20"45'N. :
Zehdenick, t. Prussian States, in Brandenburg,
on the Havel, 28 m, S. S. W. Prenzlow, 28 N.
Beriin. Lon. 13° 22' E. Lat. 62° 68' N, Pop,
2,500, Zeila, or Zeila, or Sy'la, s-p, Africa, in Adel, oil
the coast of the Arabian sea, at the mouth*- of the
Hsmazo, wfaicfa forms a bay called tfae Gidf of
Zeila. Lon, 44° 20' E. Lat 10" 45' N,
Zeithayn, t. Saxony, in Meissen, 8 ra. W, N.
W. Grossenhayn.

806

Z E R

Zeitan, t Eu. Turkey, in Tfaesaly, on a gulf to
which it gives name. 48 m, S. S, E. Larissa, 62
N, Corinth, Lon, 22° 68' E, Lat, 39° 6' N, Pop.
4,000, Zeiton, gulf Or bay ofthe Egsean sea, on the E,
coast of 'Thessaly, N, W, of the island of Negro
ponte, Zeitoun, t, Asiatic Turkey, in tfae govemment
of Sivas, ou the Kizilemark, 33 m, W. Sarasoun.
Zeite, t. Prussian Stoles, in Saxony, 16 m, E. S.
E, Naumburg, 64 W, Dresden. Lon, 12° 2' E.
Lat 51° 3'N, Pop. 5,800,
Zekelheib, t Hungary, 8 ra. N. N. W, St Job,
Zelandy, sraall isl, near the W. coast of Suma^
tra, Lon, 98° 14' E. Lat, 0" 63' N.
Zelanica, cape on the N, coast of Nova Zembla.
Lon, 77° 24'E, Lat 78° N.
Zekh, I, A. Turkey, in Sivas, (au, Zela,) 21 m,
W, S, W. Tocat, 65 W. N. W, Sivas.
Zdenin, small isl. in the Frozen ocean, near the
S. W. coast of Nova Zembla. Lon. 56° 24' E.
Lat 70° 50' N.
Zeksenskaia, fort, Russia, in Kolivan, on tfae E.
side of the Irtisch, Lon, 75° 40' E. Lat 53° 26' N.
Zell am Hammersbach, t. Baden, in the vale of
Haramersbach, 9 m. W. Freudenstadt, 26 N, W.
RothweU, Lon, 8° 7' E, Lat 48° 23' N, Pop,
1,112, Zelle, city,Hanover, in the principality of Lune
burg, fortified and well built, on the AUer, whicfa
is here navigable. Here are manufacturers and
artificers in various brancfaes, particularly in gold
and silver, 40 ra, S, Luneburg, 128 W, Berlin,
Lon, 10° 14' E, Lat. 53° 52' N, Pop 8,800,
Zelkrfdd, t. Hanover, in tfae Harz Forest ; sil
ver to the value of 20,000 imperial crowns is an
nually coined in tfais town, 6 ra. S. S. W, Goslar,
Zelkr See, lake, Gerraany, 28 ra, S, S, W. Salz
burg, Zemaraim, in Sac, Geog. t Palestine, in the
tribe of Benjamin.
Zembla. See Nova Zembla.
Zemlin, or Semlin, t. and fortress, Sclavonia, at
the union of tfae Save and tfae Danube, opposite
Belgrade, Pop, 7,089,
Zemorget, or Zermogete, small isl, in tfae Red
sea, 30 ra, frora the coast of Egypt Lon, 63° 5'
E, Lat 23" 25'N,
Zenderoud, r. Persia, wfaicfa passes by Ispafaan,
and loses ifaelf in a lake, 16 ra. S, W, Lauristan,
Zengon, or Zenigan, t. Persia, in Irak. II has
been frequentiy sacked and destroyed by the Tar
tars and the "Turks, 21 m, N, W, Sultania, 120
S, S, E. Tauris,
Zenguia, t. Syria, on the Euphrates, 55 m. N.
N, E, Aleppo, 90 E. Alexandretta.
Zenia. See Xenia.
Zenta, t. Hungary, on tbe river Theys, memo
rable for a signal victory obtained in the year
1697, by Prinoe Eugene over the Turks, 52 ra,
N, Belgrade, 52 W, Temesvar,
Zephiro, small isl. in the Grecian archipelago,
near the N, coaat of Antiparos,
, Zerbst, I. Germany, in the duchy of Anhalt-
Dessau, and the largest and handsomest town in
the whole principality of Anhalt, In tfae town are
2 Lutfaeran cfaurches, with an university, 8 ra,
N; N, W, Desaau, 44 S, W, Potadam. Lon, 12°
10' E, Lrit 52" 3' N. Pop, 8,000,
Zei-eB, t, Peraia, in Faraistan, 18 m, N, N, E.
Schiras, Zermagna, r. Dalmatia, which runa into the
Adriatic, opposite Pago,

ZIN
Zero, I , Italy, which runs into the sea, 7 bi.-N.
Venice, Zevaco, amall ial, in the Pacific ocean, near the
coast of Veragua, Lon, 81° 46' W, Lat 8° N.
Zeuknroda, t. Germany, in tfae principality of
Reuss-Greitz, 10 m. W. Greitz, 17 N, N, VV, Lo
benstein, Lon. 11° 51' E, Lat 50° 36' N, Pop,
3,600, Zeyland, small isl. near the coast of Lapland,
Lat 70" 10' N.
Zezare, r, Portugal, wfaicfa runa into the Tagua,
at Tancos,
Zesorine, or Kierasin, sraall isl, in the Persian
gulf Lat 28" 8'N,
Zlio, r. Africa, whicfa forms tfae east boundary
of Fez, and runs into the Mullooiah,
Zia, isl, in the Grecian archipelago, (an, Ceo»
and Hi/drajsffl,) about 16 leagues iu cfrcumference.
The inhabilanto are Greeks, who have a bishop.
The soil is fertile. Of four cities in this island, tho
only one at present remaining is Zeia, containing
about 3,000 infaabitonto, with a faarbour capable
of receiving vessels of considerable burden, 10
ra. E. Cape Colonni, Lon, 24° 24' E, Lat 37"
SO'N, Ziber,t. Eu, Turkey, in Bulgaria, onthe Dan
ube, 24 ra, S, S. E. Viddin.
Zibreira, t. Portugal, in Beira, 30 m. S. Alfay
ates, 12 N, N, W, Alcsmtsu-ain Spain,
Zibritz, r. Eu. Turkey, whicfa runs in the Dan
ube, nearZiber, in Bulgaria,
Ziegenhols, t Silesia, fsimous for ite manufac
tures of beautiful glasses, 10 m. S. Neisse, 20 ff.
W. Jagemdorf. Lon. 17° 17' E. Lat 50° 12' N.
Pop. 2,000.
Ziegenhayn, t. Germany, and chief place of
a province of the same name, in Hesse Casael,
16 ra. S. Fritzlar, 26 S. Cassel, Lon. 9° 15' F..
Lat 50° 50' N. Pop, 1,-570,
Ziegenruck, I, Prussian States, in Saxony, on the
Saal, 10 ra, S. Neustadt, HE. SaaUeld. Lou, 11°
42' E, Lat 50° 32' N, Pop, 740,
Zidensig, t Prussian Stotes, in Brsradeubnrg,
18 m, S, E, Custrin, 22 N, E. Francfort on the
Oder, Lon. 16° 16'E. Lat 52° SO'N, Pop, 3,100,
Zierenberg, t Hesse-Cassel, 11 m, N, W. Cas
sel, 10 N. N, W. Naumburg, Lou, 9° 20' E. Lat
61° 22'N, Pop, 1,180,
Zigonsk, t. Russia, in Irkutok, on Uie Lena,
1,472 m, E, Tobolsk, 1,340 N. E, Kolivan. Lon.
120° 32' E. Lat 67" N.
Ziget, t. Hungary, between the streams of a
small river, which unite below the town, and soon
after run into the Drave. It is on every side sur
rounded by a morass, and defended by moats,
walls, and "bastions, 44 m, S, E. Canischa, ISO
S, S, E. Vienna, Lon. 17" 56' E, Lat 46° 8' N,
Zimbaoa, or Zimbao, t Africa, in Sofala, and
capital of Mocaranga. Lon. 33" 40' E. Lat. 16°
40' S.
Zimiti, t. ^ew Granada, near a lake, 60 m. S,
Santa Fe de Bogota, 190 S, S, E. Carthagena,
Lon, 74° 6' W, Lat, 7° 42' N,
Zinari, isl, in the Grecian arcfaipelago, Lon,
26° 10' E, Lat 36° 59' N,
Zingsl, small isl, in the Baltic, near the coast of
Pomerania, . Lon, 12° 50- E, Lat 54° 28' N,
Zinten, t. Prussia, in Nalfuigen, 30 m, S. S, W.
Konigsberg, Lon. 20° 20- E, Lat 54° 23' N,
' Zinu, or Sinu, t New Granada, 90 m, S, Car
tfaagena, Lon, 76° 48' W, Lat 8° 58' N.
Zinzig, or Sinsig, t Franoe, in Roer, 18 m. N-
N, W, Coblentz, Lou, 7° 12' E, Lat, 50" 33' N,

ZON
Ziph, in Sac, Geog, t, Palestine, iu the tribe of
Judah, Ziriese, t Netherlands, in Zealand, and capital
of Schouwen. Lon. 3" 48' E. Lat. 61" 40' N.
Zirua, small isl. inthe Mediterranean, near the
¦coast of Tunis. Lon. 11° 39' E. Lat. 33° 39' N.
Zis, r. North Africa, which loses itself in tfae
sands, in TafUet
Zislersdorf, t Ausfria, witfa a citadel, 20 m. N.
E. Vienna, 28 N. W. Presburg. Lon. 16° 43' E.
Lat. 48" 28' N.
ZUara, t. New Granada, 120 m. S. W. Santa
Fe de Antioquia, 210 N. Popayan. Lon. 76° SO' W.
Lat6°N. Zittau, r. Gerraany, wfaich runs into the Saal,
4 ra. S. S. E. Bernburg.
Zittau, t. Saxony, in Upper Lusatia, on the
river Neiase, and fortified in the ancient manupr.
ll contains 2 cfaurcfaea within the walla, and 3
without, with 3 hospitals and an orpfaan-faouse. 17
m. S, Gorlilz, 62 N, N, E, Prague. Lon, 14° 66'
E. Lat 50° 49' N. Pop. 9,000.
Znaym, t. Moravia, in tfae circle of the sarae
name, near the Teya. It contains a citodel, and
a coUege. 68 m. S. W. Olmutz, 38 N. W. Vien
na, Lon. 15° 51' E. Lat 48° 48' N. Pop, 6, 190,
Zaan, in Sac, Geog. t Lower Egypt, on the E,
side of the Nile,
Zoar, in Sac, Geog. t. Palestine, at the S, ex
fremity ofthe Dead sea.
Zoar, t Arabia, iu Hedsjas, on the S, coast of
the Dead sea, al the raouth of the Safia, 30 ra. N.
Karac. Zoar, V. Delaware co, Ofaio, 12 ra, S, E. Dela
ware, Zoom, t. Africa, in Barca, 140 ra, S, W, Tolo
meta. Lon. 1 1° 66' E. Lat, 32° 36' N ,
Zabah, in Sac. Geog, t Mesopotamia, wfaicfa
gave name to a province. It is now called Nisibin.
Zablitz, t. Saxony, in tfae circle of Erzgebirg,
The infaabitants subsist principally by working
the serpent-stone, which is found here, into pitch
ers, bowls, tea and coffee-dishes, mortars, cups,
&c, 17 ra. S, Freyberg, 30 S. W. Dresden. ,Lon,
13° 1 1' E, Lat, 50° 36' N. Pop, 925,
Zablen, t SUesia, 9 ra, E, N. E, Scfaweidnitz, 16
S, S, W, Breslau, Lon. 16° 41' E. Lat, 50° 48' N,
Pdp, 1,000,
Zofalo. See Sofala,
Zoffingen, t. Switzerland, in Berne, on the Wig
ger, 26 m. N, N. E, Berne, 24 N, N. W, Lucerne.
ZaUern, eastle, Germany, on a mountain, in the
principality of HofacnzoUern, to wfaicfa it gives
name, 10 ra. S. Tubingen.
Zolnak, t. Hungary, on tfae Theysse, 48 m. W.
S, W, Debriczin,
Zokger, t. Russia, in Charcov, 24 m. N, N, W.
Charkov, Lon. 35° 44' E, Lat 60° 20' N,
Zaktitsa, t. Russia, in Archangel, on the E,
coast ofthe White Sea, 60 m. N, Archangel,,
Zombor, t. Hungary, 40 m. S, Colocsa, 30 N.E.
Eszek. Lon. 19° 12' E, Lat 45° 56' N, Pop, 14,966,
Zonchio, cape, Eu, Turkey, on tfae coast ofthe
Morea. 12 ra. N, N, W, Navarin, Lon, 21° 30' E,
Lat 37° 12' N,
Zonchio, s-p. Eu. Turkey, in the Morea, 8 ra.
N. Navsirin.
Zondags, r. Africa, which runs into the Indian
Sea. Lon. 29° E. Lat. 31" 20' N.
Zons, t. Gerraany, on the Rhine, with a castle,
13 m. N. N. W. Cologn, 66 N. E. Liege. Lon. 6°
43'E. Lat 61" 4'N

Z U N

807

Zorah, in Sac, Geog, t, Palestine, in the, plains
, of Judah, but assigned lo the tribe of Dan,
Zorah, t. Africa, on the coast of Barca, Lon,
18° 30' E, Lat 30° 45' N,
Zorbig, or Little Zerbst, t. Prussian States, in
Saxony, with a citadel, 15 m, S. Dessau, 22 N, N,
W, Leipsic, Lon. 12° 18' E, Lat 61° 40' N, Pop.
1,940. Zam, r, France, which rises in Lower Rhine,
and coraraunicates with the Rfaine, 8 ra. N. Stras
burg. Zomdarf, t. Brandenburg, near Custrin, where
the King of Prussia defeated tfae Russians iu the
year 1758. ,
Zour d Hamman, or Island of Pidgeons, small
isl, in the Mediterranean, near tfae coast of Al
giers, Lon, 12" 38' E, Lat. 36" 26' N,
Zowomore, or Zimbro, isl, in tfae Mediterranean,
near tfae N, E. coast of Tunis, 18 m, N, N. W,
Cape Bon, Lon, 1 1" 8' E, Lat 36" 60' N,
Zow-won, or Zagwan, t. Africa, in tfae kingdora
of Tunis, famous for tfae dying of scarlet caps, 36
m. S, W, Tunis, Lon, 10° 6' E, Lat, 36° 14' N,
Zrin, t. near tfae river Unna, 40 m, E, S, E,
Caristadt, 12 S. Petrinia. Lon. 16° 55' E. Lat. 46°
16' N.
Zubtsov, t. Russia, in Tver, on the Volga, 68 m.
S. W. Tver. Lon. 34° 50' E. Lat 66° 46' N.
Zuekmandel, t. Silesia, tfae see of a bishop, 17
ra. N, N, W. Jagerndorf, 10 S, Neisse, Lon, 17"
16' E, Lat. 50" 8' N,
Zueela, or Zawila, t. Africa, in the kingdom of
Fezzan, 60 ra, E, N. E, Mourzouk, Lon, 16" 45'
E, Lat 27" 35' N,
Zueva, t. Russia, in Irkutsk, at the union ofthe
Kotoi and the Angara, 60 ra. N, N. W. Irkutok,
Zug, a canton of Switzerland, bounded N, and
E. by Zuric, S, by Schweitz, and W, by Lucern ;
only about ten miles long, and as rauch broad,
Tfae govemraent is entirely deraocratical, Tfae
people are reckoned tfae raoat restless of Switzer
land, Pop, 14,735,
Zug, t Switzerland, and capital of a canton of
the sarae narae, al the N, E. extremity of the lake
of Zug, 15 m. S. Zurich, 12 N, N, E, Lucerne.
Lon. 8" 16' E. Lat 47" 6' N. Pop. 2,000.
Zug, lake, Switzerland, 8 raUes long and 2 wide,
which takes its narae frora the town on its coast,
Zullichou, t. Prussian Slates in Brandenburg,
situated in a low plain, half a Gerraan raile dis
tance from the Oder, and about the sarae distance
frora tfae Ober, Without the walls is a seat be
longing to the king of Prussia, fortified witfa walls
and raoals, ZuUicfaau contains a good woollen
manufaclura; In tfae year 1759, a battle was
fougfat near this town between the Prussians and
the Russians, in wfaich tfae former were defeated.
37 ra. S. E, Francfort on tfae Oder, 17 E, Crossen.
Lon. 1 5° 45' E. Lat 52° 8' N. Pop. 5,500,
Zulpha, t. Persia, in Irak, on tfae S. side of tfae
Zenderoud, about a mile and a half from Ispahan.
Zulpha, or Julfa, t. Persian Armenia, on the
Aras, 60 ra, N, Tauris, 110 S, E, Erivan.
Zulpich, or Zulch, t. Prussian Slates, in tfae
province of Juliers-Cleves-Berg, 18 m, S. W, Co
logn, 43 E. Liege, Lon 6° 34' E. Lat 50° 43' N,
Zults, or Biala, t, Silesia, 20 ra, S, S, W, Op
peln, 14 E. S, E, Neisse. Pop. 1,400,
Zumaia, or. Cumaia, t, Spain, in Guipuscoa,
near tfae coast of the bay of Biscay, 14 ra, W, St,
Sebastian, Lon. 1" 51' W, Lat 43° 17' N,
Zung-gar, t Tunis, (an, Z'uchara,) 48 m. S. W.
Tunis.

808

Z W A

Zurara, t. Portugal, in Entre Duero e Minfao,
at the mouth of the Ave, opposite Villa de Conde,
Zuric, or Zurich, canton, Switzerland, bounded
N. by Gerraany and the canton of Scaffhausen, E,
by Thurgau, S, by the cantons of Schweitz and
Zug, and W. by Argow, This c-dnton is not un
aptly called an epitome of all Switzerland; as con
taining in it hills, vallies, plains, corn lands, vine
yards, lakes, and rivers. Pop, 182,123,
Zurich, city, Switzerland, and cap, ofa canton
of the same name, situated on a large lake, where
tfae river Liramat, is discharged, wfaich divides it
into two parts. The old part is surrounded with
the same batllemeuto and lowers which existed in
the 13th century, Tfae inhabilanto carry on seve
ral manufactures : theprincipal are those of lin
ens and cottons, muslins and silk handkerchiefs.
Pop, 10,353, 41 ra. S. E. Bale, 36° S, W, Con
stance, Lon, 8° 26' E, Lat 47" 18' N,
Zurich, lake, Switzerland, in a canton to which
it gives name, 22 m, long, and 2 wide,
Zurzach, t. Switzerland, on the Rhine, chiefly
celebrated for ito fairs, 26 ra, E, Bale, 9 N. Baden.
Zutphen, city, Netherlands, in Guelderland, on
the river Berckel, whicfa passes througfa tfae mid
dle ofit, and immediately joins tfae Issel, 7 m. S,
Deventer, 40 E, Utrecht Pop, 6,878, Lon, 6°
5' E, Lat. 52° 10' N, ,
Zutphen Islands, sraall islands, in the Sfraits of
Sunda. Lon. 105° 42' E. Lat. 5" 50' S.
Zuyder-Zee, or Zuider-See, a great gulf or bay
of the Gerraan Ocean, which extends frora south
to nortfa, in tfae Kingdom of tfae Netherlands, be
tween Friesland, Overissel, Guelderland, and
Holland. Zwommerdam, or Zwadenburgerdam, t. Nether
lands, on the Rhine, 6 m, N. Gouda, 10 E, S, E.
Leyden,

Z Y P
Zwartkops Bay, or Algoa Bay, bay oa the g-
coast of Africa, where ships may lie in five fath
om water a mile frora tbe general landing place.
600 m. E, frora the Cape, Lon, of the landing-
place, 26° 53' E, Lat, 33° 66' S,
Zwenckau, t Saxony, on the Elster, 5 m, S,
Leipsic, 18 E, S. E. Merseburg. Lon. 12° 18' E.
Lat 51° 14' N. Pop. 1,400.
Zwetl, t Austria, 26 m. W. N. W. Crems, 56
W. N. W. Vienna. Lon. 15° T E, Lat 48" 33' N.
Zwickau, t. Saxony, in Erzgebirg, on the Mulda,
with a citadel, three churches, and a Latin school,
in whicfa is a good library, 38 m. S, S, E. Leipsic,
40 S. E, Naumburg. Lon, 12° 25' E. Lat 50° 39'
N, Pop, 5,600.
Zwingenberg, t Hesse Darmatadt, ou the Berg-
strasse, 10 ra, S, Darrastadt, 20 N. Manheim. Pop.
1,200. Zwitta, or Zwittawa, t Moravia, 30 m, N, W.
Olrautz, 84 E, Prague, Lou, 16° 16' E, Lat 49°
43' N, Pop, 2,740,
Zwol, or Swal, t Netherlands, in Overissel, on
the river Asi, belween tfae Issel and tfae Vecht
It is strong, weU fortified, and surrounded with a
double ditch, filled witii the waters of tfae Aa, Its
situation is very advsratageons, on an eminence
wfaicfa coraraands tfae country, and is tfae ordinary
passage frora Holland to the provinces of Friesland,
Groningen, and OverisseL 28 m. S. W. Covor
den, 15 N.Deventer, Lon, 6° I'E. Lat 52°32' N.
Pop. 12,220,
Zwomick, t Bosnia, 68 m. S. W, Belgrade, 60
E, Serajo, Lon, 18° 5^ E. Lat 44° 37' N, Pop-
14,000, Zype, isl. of North Holland, formed by canals
cut frora the Zuyder-Zee to the German Ocean.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS.

Albion, p-t, Edwards co, lUinois, 40 ra, S. W,
Vincennes, It contained in 1818, about 50 bous
es, and a large market faouse. It is settled entire
ly by the EngUsh,
Amedobad, city, Hind, on the river Mehindry,
which is navigable to the gulf of Cambay, 108 m,
N. Surat, 200 S, W. Agiraere, It was anciently
a magnificent city, and celebrated for ito vast cora
merce, Lon, 72° 40' E. Lat, 23° N,
Aurungabad. See Ghurka.
Bardstawn. See Bairdstown,
Bhagirutly. See Hoogly.
Black Sea. See Euxine Seo.
Burrampooter, or Bromapoatra, r, Asia, which
rises in Thibet, near the source of the Ganges, and
runs east through Thibet almost sis far as China,
It joins the Ganges about 40 miles from its mouth,
aftera course of 1,500 miles,
Canannicut, isl, in Narragansett bay, 7 railes
long and 1 broad, lying west of tfae island of R,
island, Choctaws. Instead of the three last lines of this
irticle, read, ."and $l,000ayear is allowed lothe
istablishment at Brainerd, araong the Ch*™k*es,
''nd .i|;l.O0p to that at Elliot"

Domingo, St. See Hispaniola.
Greits. See Groitz.
Guadiamar, r. Spain, which runs into the Gua
dalquivir, a few leagues below Serille,
Jackson, p-t and cap, FeUciana parish, Louisi
ana, on Thompson's creek, 12 m, W, of Uie Mis
sissippi, Its public buildings are a large court
house, jail, and academy. Pop, 200,
Narbudda, See Nerbuddcu
New Hebrides. See Hebrides, -Veir,
Patterson, New-Jersey, A letter justreceived
slates, that this town now (1821) contains 11 cot
ton raiUs, 3 flax raiUs, where the duck for the U.
S, navy is msraufactured, a miU for roUing sheet
iron, a nail factory, a grist mill, and saw mill, all
on two canals within the space of half a mile.
The miU seats are onlv 4J miles from tide water,
and each has 22 feet"head and fall. At least 10
more raiUs might be erected with similar advan
tages of water power, Patterson still forms a part
of tfae lownsfaip of Aquackanock. It containa 1
Presbyterian, 1 Metiiodist, 1 Roman CathoUc, and
2 Dutch reforraed churches. Pop, in 1820, more
than 1,700,

APPENDIX.

INDIANS,
Statistical Table of all the Indians within the limits of the United States, east of the
Rocky Mountains, the names of the several tribes, the number of souls in each tribe,
and the places of their residence,
1 , Indian Tribes East of the Mississippi River,

Nsunes of the Tribea,

No,of aouls.

Q <
o

' g f St John's Indiana
-g } Paasaraaquoddies
1^ f Penobacoto
Marshpee
^ Herring Pond
§ 1 •Martha's Vineyard
I Troy
1^

Narragansett
"¦§ J *Moheagan
s^ I Stooinston
Total m New England
; '*Moiitauk Indians
BrothertontStockbridge tOneidsis tTuscaroras Onondagas Senecas and a few
Onondagas
Senecsis, with a few
Dela-wares
Senecas, Cayugas, &
Onondagas
Senecsis Emd other In
dians Total in New York
"Wyandoto Do, Do,Do,
Shawanees Do,
Do,
Senecas Do,
DelawaresMohawksOttawas Do,
Do.Do. Total in Ohio

300 150
277

40
340 60

420

350

On St John's river, Meductic Point, 60 miles above Fredericktowpi,
Pleasant Point, town of Perry, 5 miles N, of Esistport
Indism Old Town, Penobscot river, 12 milea above Bangtfr.
78 milea S, E. frora Boston, county of Barnstable,
In the town of Sandwich, 14 railes from Marshpee.
On the S. cosist of Massachusetts.
50 miles S. from Boston, in the town of Troy.

Al (llharlestown, 40 miles S. W. of Providence.

Al Montville, half way between New London and Norwich.
In the township of Stonington, S. E. corner of Connecticut^

2,247

300400
438
1,031 314 229 597
389 686456

4,840

Places of Residence.

At Montauk Poinl, E, end of Long Island, N, Y.
Al Brotherton, near Oneida lake.
At New Stockbridge, 7 mUes S. of Oneida caatle.
At Oneida caatle, near Oneida lake.
Adjoining New Stockbridge.
At Onondaga village, near Onondaga lake.
On the AUeghany river.
At Cataragua,
At Buffalo, 3 milea E. of lake Erie.
On five Reservations, on Genesee river, and one at OU creek.

364 4437 97
559 72
169
348 203 8057
107 64
66
150

Uppper Sandusky, on Sandusky river, 44 mUes S. of Sanduaky bay.
Zanes, Mad river, on tfae faead of Mad river, Cfaampaign co. Ohio.
Fort Finley, walers of the .4»glsiize, on Hull's road.
Solomon's Tow% on the waters of tfae Great Miarai river of Ofaio.
Wapaghkonetta, head of the Au^aize river, 27 miles N. of Piqua.
Hog creek, waters ofthe Auglaize, lOmUes N. of Wapaghkonetta.
Lewis Town, head of the Miami of Ohio, 35 mUes N. E. of Piqua.
Seneca Town, Sandusky river, between upper & lower Sandusky.
Lewis Town, head of the Miarai of Ofaio, 36 mUes N. E. of Piqu^a.
Upper Sandusky, Sandusky river.
Hdney creek, near Upper Sandusky, Sandusky river.
Blancfaard's fork, waters of tfae Auglaize, 45 railes N. of Wa-

2,407

pagfakonetla. , -.o -i tit
LitUe Auglaize, waters of tfae Miami of the Lake, 12 miles W.
) of Fort Defiance. . ,, , t. ¦
Rock de Boeuf, near the fool of the rapids of the Miauu of l^e Erie.
Not stationary, about Miami bay, and on the S. shore of lake Erie,

* The numbers in these tribes are conjectural, no particular account; of them having been
t These tribes live within the limits of the original Oneida Reservation,
102

received.

810

APPENDIX— INDIANS.

Names of the Tribes,

WysmdotePottawattamies Chippawas *bttawas Do, Do, Do,
Do, Do,Do,
Do,*Do,*Do.*Do,
Chippewas or Soteux
Do,Do,Do,Do.
Do,Do, Do,
Chippewas or Soteaux
Do,
Do,
Do, Do.
Do,

Do.Do,Do,
SiouxPetit Corbeau
Chippewas and Ottawas
Meuominees or Folle-
savoines
WinnebagocsTotal in Miohigan and )
N, W, Territories ]

No. of
souls.

37
166

476
,020 67
187 40
160
760 27
264646
166
200 76
45 60
100

660

375263 60
1,600 120

160
1,020 689
1,182 60
1,600
3,900 5,800

27,480

Places of Residence,

On Huron river, SO miles frora Defroit, Micfaigan Territory,
On Huron river and -vicinity, Michigan Territory,
On Ssigsmau bay, river, smd vicinity, Michigan Territory, S.
sfaore of lake Huron,
Calamazar, or Kekalemago river, E. of Michigan lake, 140
miles N, E, from Chicago, 240 S, frora Mackinaw, Mich, T,
Grand river, 30 mUes from Calamazar, Mich, T,
( Mastige, on Maskegro river, 12 railea N, from Grand river,
( in Mich, T,
White river, 6 raUes frora Grand river, Mich, T,
( Dead Man's creek, 30 mUes frora Grand river, 170 from Mack-
l inaw, Mich, T,
Bladk river, N, E, of St, Joseph's river, S, E, Mich, lake,
L'Arbre Croche, 36 m, S, W. of Mackinaw, Mich. T.
Ministick river, S. of L'Arbre Croche.
Sbabouagan, 21 railes S. from Mackinaw, Mich. T.
Labaide Roches, Mich. T.
Manisty, 80 miles S. from Mackinaw, Mich. T.
( From Mackinaw, N. W. to the Saul of St Mary's. Hunters, not
( stationary, Mich. T.
SSf . Mary'a, 80 miles N. W. from Mackinaw. Hunters ; fish at
faUs in suraraer. Mich. T.
5 Grand Isles, S. side of lake Superior, 210 railes from Macki-
( naw,N. W.T.
SBaigne, or Pancsike point, S. side of lake Superior, 300 mUes
W. Mackinaw.
Mouth of Ontanagon river, near the fsunous copper raines.
W. of Sandy point
< FoUevoine, 500 miles W. of Mackinaw, rove in hunting season,
\ winter — summer at horae — gather much wild rice. N. W. T.
S Flambeaux lsike, 480 miles W. of Mackinaw. Hunt in winter,
make corn, gaffaer rice, and fish in summer. N. W. T.
' Courtereille lake, 492 m. W. of Mackinaw, hunt in -winter,
gather rice, and fisfa on lake, in suraraer and autumn. N.W. T.
Fond du Lac, 581 W. of Mackinaw. Tfaey faave no fixed resi
dence, country poor, faunt iu winter, fish in suramer. N.W. T.
Sandy lake, 649 railes W. of Mackinaw. Gather rice, raake a
little sugar, faunt in -winter, stay at home two menths in sum
mer. N. W. T.
On Rice lake, 25 miles S. Sandy lake.
' Leech lake, 799 miles W. of Mackinaw. Hunters, at horae in
suraraer, gather rice, and raake much sugsir. N. W. T.
Round lake, 845 miles W. of Mackinaw. Hunters, make much
sugar, and gather rice, dwell near tbe N. boundary of the
United States. N. W. T.
Red Cedar lake, 1,030 miles W. of Mackinaw. Hunters, use
horses, kill buffsdo, make sugar, fish in summer, are near the
N. boundary of United States, and frequent Red river setUe
ment N. W, T.
Red lake, do, do, N,W,T,
On Sl. Croix and Chippeway rivers, in two villages,
' At Uie raouth of St Croix river. There su^e two viUsiges of
these Indians, between Prairie du Chien and St Peters,
Grand Morals, 15 miles below the moulfa of St Peter's river.
' In villages scattered from the S. side of lake Superior, along fhe
W, side of Green bay and Michigan lake to Chicago,
'On the W. side Green bay, on Menomine river, but chiefly on
Fox river and Winnebago lake, a few are scattered at Prairie
du Cfaien,'Upper and Lower Mississippi, sradatMillwackey,
on tfae W. shore of lake Micfaigan, Hunt in winter, make
1^ sugar and gather rice in summer, N, W, T,
On Winnebago lake, Rock, Fox, and Ouisconsin rivers. N, W, T

Those with this mark are a mixture of Chippewas Ottawas, and Winnebagoea.

APPENDIX— INDIANS,

611

Names of the Tribes,

Delawsu-es, Munsees, )
Moheakunnucks, & S
Nanticokes \
Potla-wattaraies
ChippewasMeuominees?Peorias, Kaskaskias, )
and Cahokias, ^
Kickapoos Miamies
Eel River Indisuis
WeasPottawattamies
Sacs
FoxeslowaysKickapoos Total in lUiuois and
Indisuia
Nottoways Pamunkies, Mattaponies
Catowbas

si

Palaches
EarausesKsdoosas ,S \ Mikasukeys
¦§ \ Fowl Towns
i^ f Oka-tiokinans
s S
,§ < Ucfaees
Ehawho-ka-les Ocfaeeses TamatlesAltopulgasTelmocresses
CfaeskitalowasWekivas
Emusses UfallahsRed grounds
Eto-fausse-wakkes Tatto-whe-hallysTallehassas
Owassissas Cfaehaws Talle-whe-anas
Oakmnlges
Cherokees
Creeks(inclu. Seminoles)
ChoctawsChickasaws,Total Southern Indians
.E,of Misssissippi river

No, of
souls

1,700

2,000 500 270

400 839213 122
1,442
3,400 1,800
1,0001,800

On White river, Indiana, in 5 villages, in a compass of 36 miles.
Scattered in 6 villages in the vicinity of Chicago, within 80
railes, around the southern part of Micfaigan lake.
In several villages among the Potawatlamies,
Ou Illinois river.
Once inhabited a large part of IlUnois and Indiana,
On the head walers of an eastern branch of IlUnois river, near
, the centre of the stale of lUinois. They have sold their lands
and are about lo remove beyond the Mississippi,
On Mississinua and Eel rivers, branches of the Wabash, 4 villages.
On Eel river,
> In the vicinity of tfae above.
( On Rocky river, 4 mdes E, of Mississippi, 400 railes above Sl.
[ Louis. In 2 divisions,
I In 3 divisions, 1st, near Fort Armsfrong, 4 miles from the Sacs ;
: 2d. SO miles above, at Mine la Buke, on W, side of Missis-
' sippi ; 3d, 3 miles below Prairie du Chien,
telow tfae Sacs, on loway aud Lamoioe rivers,
i Some on Osage river, with tfae Sacs, and tfae remainder intend
[ to remove to tfae Osage river.

16,622 27
a few 460

l,40o 300 680 130 150

100
580250 20
670 1001003ISO 16
100
670 210220 E,

11,000
20,00025,000 3,625

60,102

Places of Residence.

( Iu Soutfaampton co. N. E. corner of Virginia, on W. side of
( Nottoway river, 2 miles frora Jerusalem.
SOn Catawba river, on tfae boundary line between Nortfa aud
South CaroUna.
f These ancient possessors of this country were dispossessed by
5 the vagabond Seminoles, sorae time after the first settlement
J made in this country by tfae Spaniards. None of their de-
' scendanto now remain in tfae country.
J 30 mUea N. N. E. from Fort St Mark, on a pond, 14 miles long,
( 2 or 3 -wide — land fertile, and of beautiful aspect.
12 mUea E. Fort Scott — land tolerable.
Near Fort Gaines.
Nesu- tfae Mikasukeys.
On Appalacfaicola, 12 railes below Ocheese bluff.
At the bluff of their name.
7 railea above tfae Ocfaeeaes.
On Little river, a brancfa of Okalokina, 16 miles above the Mi-
kasukey path, frora Fort Gadsden — fine body of lands.
W. side of Chalahoocfaee, 15 miles above tfae fork — good land.
On the W, side of Chatalioochee, 2 miles above the line,
4 railes above the Cfaeskitalowas.
2 miles above tfae Wekivat
12 miles above Fort Gaines.
2 miles above tfae line,
miles above Fort Gaines,
Scattered among otfaer towns — dishonest,
Ou the road frora Okalokina to Mikasukey,
On the eastern waters of St. Mark's river.
On Flint river, in the fork of Makulley creek,
E, side of Flint river, not far from the Chehaws.
, of Flint river, near the Tallewfaeanas,
SN, E, corner of Alabama, N, W, corner of Georgia, and S, E.
corner of Tennessee,
Western part of Georgia, and Eastern part of Alabama.
Eastem parto of Mississippi, and Western part of Alabaraa,
Mississippi and Tennessee,

* In the war kindled against these fribes by the Sauks and Foxes, in revenge for Uie death of their
chief, Pontiac, tfaese 3 fribes were nearly exterminated. Few ofthem now remain. About 100 of the
Peorias are settled on Current riyer, W, ofthe Mississippi. Ofthe Kaskaskias, 36 only remain in IlUnois,

812

APPENDIX— INDIANS.

2. Indians West of the Mississippi, and South ofthe Missouri,

Names of tfae Tribes.

aEl, o05
mQ <
&O

ArrapahaysPawnees and Missouries
Pawnee Nation
Do. Republican
Pawnees Loups
Pawnees 4lh Band
Ksininavisch Staitan or Kite Indians
Wetapahato or Kiawa
Castahana
Calaka , '
Dolami CherokeesShawanees
Delawares PiankashawsPeoriasQuapaws Ottowas and Missouries
Msihas
PancaesCliians or Chayennes
RicsiriesMandans MinituriesSioux "^
Roving Bands
KanzasGreat Osage
Little Osage
Wate-pana-loes and
Ryuwas
Padoucas
Kanne-na-wisfaPasta-now-nas Ayulans or Camarsches
Blue Mud and Long )
Hair'd Indians \
TotalbelweentfaeMis- 1
souri and Red rivers >
W.of the Mississippi )

No. of
souls.

10,000 1,000
2,500
1,250 1,400
2,000 2,000 600
1,0001,600 376

6,000 1,3831,809 207 97
700
1,400
2,000 600
2,000 3,000 1,500
3,500
10,000
20,000 1,800
4,200 1,800 900
1,000
5,000 1,500
8,0003,000

Places of Residence.

Their territory extends from the head waters of the Kansas,
a soutfaem brancfa of the Missouri, S, to the Rio del Norte,
S. side of Platte river, 30 miles from ito raoutfa,
45 miles from the mouth of Platte river, S, side.
United with the Pawnee nation.
On the Wolf fork ofthe Platte, 90 raUes from the Pawnee Nation,
On Red river. All these tribes Uve in villages, raise corn,
and hunt tfae buffalo.
Beyond the Pawnees, have no abiding place, but rove through
the plains.
Wander and faunt on the sources of the Platte river, thence
16 the Rocky mountains.
Next to the above,
f Supposed to be remnanto of the Great Padouca Nations, now
< under that name extinct, wfao occupied the couutry between
f the upper parto of the river Platte, and tfae river Kanzas,
C On tfae Arkansaw, on both sides, from Point Renou, (400 miles
) up tfae river,) to tfae Big Mulberry, to the Osssige line, the
I best tract of land on the Arkansaw,
Cape Girsu'deau, and Merimac river, aud Fourche a Courtois,
On Current river.
On St, Francis river.
On Current river.
On tfae S, bank of tfae Arkansaw, 260 miles below the Chero
kees, (about 140 railes from the mouth of the Arkansaw,)
They have 4 viUages,
On the Missouri and Platte rivers.
On the Missouri, about the Council Bluffs.
Do. above tfae Mafaas.
Wandering tribe on the head of Chiaun river, S. of the Missouri.
On the S. bank of the Missouri, above the Chiaiui river.
On tfae banks of Missouri, 1,600 nules from ite moulfa. ^
On Missouri, belween CouncU Blnffi and Msradsms.
On tfae walers of the Missouri, high up, including the Black-
feet, Assinaboius, Crow bands, and otfaers, witfain the preaent
extenaive bounds of Missouri Territory.
On Mississippi smd Kansas rivers.
Head walers of Ossige river, and waters of the Arkansaw.
Do, do.
On the Padonoas fork.
On tfae Padoncas.
A wandering people on tfae faeads of Yellow Stone river.
Between the Padoncas fork and the Platte.
S. W, of tfae Missouri.
Supposed to reside somewhere on the heads ofthe Columbia.

105,021

APPENDIX— INDIANS.

813

3. Indians West of the Mississippi, and North ofthe Missouri,

Names of the Tribes,

¦ibe

No. of
souls.

n E-i
U< OEf cc O tocn

B Ehb, OaE-i a o

Sioux or Dacorta Indians
1st The Yonktons
2d. Tetous of the
burnt woods
3d, Tetous Okandanda^
4th, Tetons Minnake'
nozzo
5th, Tetons Saone
6th, Yanktons of the '.
Plains, or Big Devils ;
7th, Wahpatone
8th, Minda war Carton )
or proper Sioux, or >
Dacorta Indisms )
Wsdipatoota or Leaf )
Beds )
Sistasoone
Kristineaux, csdled for'
the sake of brevity,
Qrees,
Assiniboins,Algonquins,Msmdsras, Rapid Indians,
Blood Indisuis,
Sursees,Coutouns,Paunch Indians
Gros Ventres of the
Prairie,

1,000 1,500 600
1,0001,500
2,500 1,000
11,000 760
1,000

15,000

Places of Residence.

Ou the Sioux, Dea Moinea, and Jaques rivera.
Do. as above.
¦This tribe rove on both sides of Uie Missouri, White smd Teton
rivers.
This tribe inhabit both sides of tfae Missouri, below Chayenne
river.
Inhabiting both sides of the Missouri, above the Chayenne river.
< This tribe inhabit both sides of the Missouri, below the War-
( renconne river.
Rove on tfae heads of the Sioux, Jaques, and Red rivers.
A nation residing on the St Peters, just above the raoutfa of
tfaat river.
These possess the original seat of tfae Sioux, and are properly
so denominated. 'They rove on both sides of the Mississippi,
and about the falls of St. Anthony.
Tfais nation inhabits both aides of the river St. Peters, below
Yellow Wood river.
•This tribe reside althe head of the St. Peters' river.
'These tribes, says Mr. Harmon, (who resided araong them six
years, from 1800 to 1806,) dwell in a plain or prairie coun
try, between the Mississippi, Missouri, Red, and Se se satch-
wine rivers, extending W. to the Rocky raountoins, 'spread
ing frora lat. 44° to 61° N. The climate is similar fo that of
Lower Canada. GenersiUy, throughout tfais tract of coun
try, the soil is good ; it hsis very little timber. Some of the
prairies are 100 miles in length, on which not even a shrub
is to be seen.
2,500 N. E. of Missouri river, near. "its head,
2,000 Do. Do,

41,350

4, Indians West of the Rocky mountains.
The counfry west of the Rocky mountains faas been very imperfectly explored, and our knowledge
of its inhabitants is very limited, but the number of Indians raay be estimated in round numbers
at 140,000,

RECAPITULATION,

Indians in New England,  2,247
in New York,  4,840
in Ohio,  2,407
in Michigan and North-West Territorils, - - 27,480
in Illinois and Indiana, ----- 16,522
in tfae Southern States, East of the Mississippi, - 60,102
West of tfae Miaaissippi, and South of the Miaaour^ 105,021
Weat of the Miasissippi and North of the Missouri, 41,350
Total East of the Rocky Mounteins, in round nurabers, 260,000
Total West of the Rocky Mountains, - - 140,000
Total in Uie United State.s, about 400,000

814

APPENDIX.— MONEY TABLE,

MONEY TABLE,
Containing the Moneys of the principal commercial countrie.s in the world, with the
value of each in cents, and the fractional parts of cents in decimals.
Note, — An Asterisk is annexed to imaginary money, or raoney of account, not represented by a real coin.

UNITED STATES,
An Eagle is equal to 10 dols, 247 1-2 gr, fine gold

A half eagle
A quarter eagle
A dollar
A faalf dollar -
A quarter dollar
A dime
A cent

6 dels, 123 6-8 ' do,
¦ 21-2dols,617-8 do,
100 cento, 371 4-16gr,pr,silv,
50 cento, 185 10-16 do,
25 cento, 92 13-16 do.
10 cento, 37 2-16 do.
11 dwt copper
A milF the tenth of a cent, and the thousandth of
a dollar.

GREAT BRITAIlf,
Sterling value reduced io Cents ond Decimals.
Sterling. Cents. Dec.
1 farthing ... equal fo 00 4627
2 farthings  00 9365
3 farthings  01 3882
4 farthings, or a penny - - - 01861
2 pence .-.-.. 03 702
3 pence - - - - 05 562
4 pence, a groat - - - - 07 404
5 pence . . - . 09 265
¦6 pence  - II 106
7 pence ... - 12 967
8 pence  14 808
9 pence - - - 16 659
10 pence - - - » - - 18 61
II pence  20 361
12 pence, or 1 shiUing - - - 22 222
A crown, or 5 shilUngs . . - 11II6
* A pound, or 20 shillings - - . 444 444
A guinea, or 21 shillings - . . 466 666
Irish raoney ia leaa in value by oue thirteenth —
a ahilUng sterling being 13 pence Irish — a pound
Iriah ia 18a, 5d, 1-2 aterling — and au Engliah guin-
eaj 22e, 9d, Irisfa,

HOLLAND,
Amsterdam, Rotterdam, &c. Cents. Dec.
A penning* ia - . equal to 00 ¦ 12
A grole* - 8 penninga
A sliver - 2 groles
A guUder or florin 20 stivers
A rix-dollar - 50 stivers
A pound fleraish* 6 guilders

00 1
38 97
233

GERMANY, Hamburgh.

A pfening is
AscfaiUinglub - 12 pfenings
A mark - 16 schillings
A rix dollar - S marks
A pound flemish 120 schiUings

Cents. Dec.
equal to 00 18
02 083
33 333
100

250

Leipsic, Berlin, &c. Cents, Dec.
A heller is - . equsdto 00 135
A pfening 2 hellers 27
A grosche - 12 pfenings 3 24

A rix dollar* -
A specie doUar

24 groschea
32 groschea

CenU. Dec.
11 7S
103 7

Vienna, Frankfort, Augsburg, &c.

A pfening is
A creutzer
A batze
A florin
A rix doUar* -

4 pfenings
4 creutzers
60 creutzers
90 creutzers

Cents, Dec.
equal to 00 215

0003 51 77

86
44 8576

PRUSSIA, Dantzic.

A groscfae is
A florin or gulden
A rix doUar* .
A Frederic D'or

30 groecheu
3 florins
6 rix dollars

Cents. Dec.
equalto 00 861

25 77
383

9276 8

DENMARK,
Copenhagen, Sic.

A skiUing
A mark*
A rix mark
A rix dollar

16 skilUngs
20 skiUings
6 marks

Cents. Dec.
equal to 1 04

16
20
100

SWEDEN,
Stockholm, Upsal, &c,
A copper mark is
A copper doUar
A silver dollsu- .
A rix dollar

Cents. Dec.
equalto 2 88
4 copper marks 11 52
3 copper doUars 34 56
48 skUUngs 103 7

A copeck
An altine
A griven
A paetalten
A polupolteu
A pollen
A rouble

RUSSIA,

3 copecks
10 copecks
15 copecks
25 copecks
50 copecks
100 copecks

Cents. Du.
equal to 01 3
1015
25 50
100

FRANCE.
Old coins and denominations. Cenis. Dec.
A denier is . . equal to 00 07
A sol or sou - 12 deuiers 025
A livre - 20 sols 18 517
An ecu of exchsmge 3 Uvres 65
An ecu or crown 6 livres 110
A pistole* - 10 Uvres 185 17
A louis d'or - 24 livres 444 44

New coins and denominations.

A ceutim
A decira
A franc
80 francs

10 centims
10 decims
81 livres

00 187
1 874
18 741

APPENDIX,— MONEY TABLE,

PORTUGAL,
Lisbon, Oporto, &c

A ree is
A viutin
A testoon
Au old crusEide -
A new crusade -
A raUree*
A moidore
A joanese

20 reea
100 reea
400 rees
480 rees
1000 rees
48 testoons
64 teatoons

Cenk. Dec.
equalto 00 125

A Ura . 20 soldi
A ducat current 124 soldi
A ducat effective 156 soldi

SPAIN.

Madrid, Cadiz, &«,

A msu^vedi
A real
A pisterine
A dollar
A dollar of plate

2
12
5060
126
600800

Cents. Dec.

equal to 00 3

10
20
100 80
110

18

34 maravedis
2 reals
10 reals
8 reals
A ducat of excfaange* 375 raaravedis
A pistole of excfaange 4 dollars of plate 320
N, B. Vellon, tfae current raoney of Spsun, is to
old plate as 17 to 32 ; that is, S 17 reals or raara
vedis of old plate.

32 reals or rasuavedis vellon =

ITALY,

Genoa, &c

A denari

is

equalto 00 06

A soldo

.

12 denari 00 8

A lira*

-

20 soldi 16 92

Apezzaof es

6i Ure 92 6
Thirin, &c. Cents. Dec.

A denari

is

equal to 115

A soldo

-

12 denari 1 388

A Ura

-

20 soldi 27 77

Leghorn, Florence, &c.

Cents. Dec.
A denari
is
equal to 00 064
A soldo
.
12 denari 78
A lira*
.
20 soldi 15 43
A piaster of ex.
6 lire 92 6
A ducat
-
7i Ure 115 7
A pistole
22 lire 339 5
Rome. Cents. Dec.
A quattriuo
is
equalto 00 28
A bajocco
-
6 quattrini 1 4
A Julio
-
8 bajoochi 11 11
A testoon
-
24 bajocchi 33 S3
A crown current
lOjulios 111 11
A crown staraped*
I2juli03 133 S3
Naples.
Cents. Dec.
A grain
is
equalto 00 7
A carUn
.
10 graias 07 4
A ducat of es, -
100 graina 74 07
Venice.
Cents. Dec.
A piccoli
is
equal to 00 051
A soldo
12 piccole 00 617
815
Cents. Dec.
12 35
76 85
96 28
A caveer
A coraasfaee
A larin
A piaster*
A sequin
A toraond*
A coz
A larin
An abashee
An or
A tomond*
A pice
A laree
A quarter
A rupee
A pagoda
A gold rupee
A pice
Anana
A rupee
A pagoda
A candareen
A mace
A rupee
A tele
ARABIA,
Mecca, Mocha, &c. Cents. Dec.
equal to 1 26,
7 carreto
80 earreto
60 comasfaees
100 comasfaees
80 larins
1
18
100 166
1500
61
7466
PERSIA,
25 COZ
40 coz
5 abashees
50 abasfaees
Cents. Dec.
equal to 00 , 74
18
29
148
1431
6162 13 5
INDIA,
Bombay, &c.
16 pices
20 pices
4 quarters
14 quarters
60 quarters
Calcutta, &c.
Cents. Dec.
equal to 00 62
10 12
60
175
750
12 pices
16 anas
66 anas
CHINA,
10 candareens
S7i candareens
10 maces
Cents. Dec.
equal to 00 29
3 47
55
194 3
Cenis. Dec.
equalto 00 148
14 8
56 148 12
AFRICA,
¦Cairo, Alexandria, &c. Cents. Dec.
An asper is - - equal to 01 028
A pisistre - 80 aspers 88 88
A sultanin - 200 aspers 222 22
A pargo dfllar - 210 aspers 233 33
An asper
A mediu
A sequin
A pistole
A blsraquil
A quarto
A sequin
A pistole
Algiers, Tunis, Tripoli, ~~... Cents. Dec.
, &c.
3 aspers
180 aspers
300 aspers
equalto 01 028
OS 088
196 3
373
Fes, Tangiers, Sic. Cents. Dec.
is - - equal to 03 7
14 blanquils 51 8
66 blanquils 200
- 100 blanquUs 373
816

APPENDIX,-MEASURIfS,

MEASURES,

)

Fed.

trwk

Derahor cubit of Cairo -

1824

21.888

Table I, Scripture Long Measures,

Persian arish . - -

3197

38.364

Eng,feet.
A digit .... 0
A palra = 4 digits - - 0
A span = 3 palras - - 0
A cubit = 2 spans - - 1
A fathora = 4 cubito - - 7
Ezekiel's rod ... 10
Arabian pole ... - 14
Scoenus or measuring Une . 145

inch, dec,
0,912
3,648
10,944 9,888
3,562
11,328 7,104 1,104

' Great Turkish pike ^
¦ Leaaer Turkiah pike - -

22002131

26,4 •
25,572

Braccio at Florence -
B raccio for woolen at Sienna -
Braccio for linen at Sienna .
Canna at Naplea
Vera al Almeria and Gibraltar
Palrao di Archletti at Rome
Fanna di Archletti
Palrao di bracchio di raercanlia

19131242 1974
6880 276073207320 696i

22,956 14,904 23,68882.5633,1287,84
87.84 8.S46

Table II, Grecian kngmeasures reduced to Eng
lish

Genoa palm ...
Bolognian foot ...

815
1250

9,78
15

lls/i, ^

Antwerp ell . . . -
22ai
27.396'
Eng. yds. feet.
inch, dec.
Araaterdam eU - - -
2268
27,216
A digit ..00
0,7554
Leyden eU - - - -
2260
27,12
A doron= 4 digito - 0 0
3,0218
Paria draper's ell
3929
47.148
AUchas .-00
7,6646
Paris mercer's ell -
3937
47,244
An orthodoron - 0 0
8,3101
Aspitfaarae - - 0 0
9,0656
Table VI, Attic Dry measures
reduced lo Eng-
A pons ... 0 1
0,0876
lish.
A pygme - . 0 1
1,6984
Pecks. Gall Pis.
Sol inch.
Apygon - - 0 1
3,1094
Cochliarion - 0 0
0
0,276
A pecus - 0 1
6,13^2
Cyathus - - 0 0
0
2,763
Apaceororgya .06
0,525
.Oxybaphon - 0,0
0
4,144
A stadium, - 201 1
7,78
Cotylus ... 0 0
0
16.579
A raile - 1612 I
2,24
Xestes . - 0 0
0
33,158
Tfae stadiura was of different lengtfas
in diifer-
Cfaoenix .--DC
1
15,705
ent places.
Medimnus - - 4 0
6
3,501
Table III, Jewish Long or Itinerary measures.
Table VII, Attic reduced to English wine meas
Eng. miles, paces
feet.dec.
ures.
A cubit - - 0 0
1,824
GaU.
Pk.
SaU Inch.
A stadium - - 0 145
4,6
A CocliUarion - - 0
rio
0.0356
A Sab, day's journey - 0 729
• 3,0
A Cfaeme ... 0
e\
0.712
Eastem mUe - 1 403
1,0
A Myston - . 0
A Concha ... 0
A Cyathus . . 0
O 0
JU
0.0892
Parasang - - 4 163
Aday'sjoumey - - 33 172
3,0 4,0
4 B
0.1785 0.3565
Table IV, Roman long measures reduced ta Eng
An Oxybathon - - 0
i
0.5364
lish.
A Cotylus - . - 0
i
2.1415
Eng. paces, feet.
Digitus transversus - 0 0
Unciaorinch -00
inch. dec.
0.725 0,967
An Xestes - - - 0
ACfaous - - -0
A Melretes, or araphora 10
1
6 2
4.28S0
25.698 19.626
Palma rainor ... 0 0
2,901
Pes or foot - 0 0
11.604
Table VIII, Roman reduced to English wine
Palmipes - - - 0 1
2,605
measure.
Cubitus . . 0 1
5,406
GaUs.
Pts.
Soi inch.
Gradus - - 0 2
5.01
AUgula ... 0
tV
0.117
Passus - - - - 0 4
10.02
A cyathus - - - 0
tVt
0.469
Stadium - - 120 4
Milliare - - - 967 0
4,50
An acetabulum - - 0
1 2
0.704
A quartarius - - - 0
;
1,409
Table V, Proportions of the long Measures of
A hemina ... 0
4
2.818 5.636
4942
several nations to tfae Englisfa Fool, taken from
A sextarius . .0
A congius - . 0
1
7
Messrs, dreaves, Auzout, Picard, and Eisens-
cfamid. The English standard foot being div
An urna - - - 3
44
5.S3
ided into
An amphora - - - 7
1
10,66
1000 equal parto, the other measures will faave the
A culeus . . 143
3
11,095
proportions to it which follow : Feet.
Inches.
Table IX, Jewish Dry measures reduced lo Eng
English foot - - - 1000
12
lish.
Paris foot . - - - 1068
12.816
Pecks. GaUs
Pts.
Sol. inch.
Venetian foot - - - 1162
13.944
Agaohal .-00
m
0,031
Ufaiuland foot - - - 1033
Strasburg foot - - - 952
12,396
A cab - - - 0 0
2i
0,073
11,424
Agoraor - - 0 0
A seah - . - 1 0
Anepfaa -.30
6
5 I
1,211
Norimberg foot - - - 1000
Dantzic foot ... 944
Danish foot .... 1042
12
11,32812,504
1
3
4,036
12,107
Swedish fool - 977f
11,733
Aletteeh - 16 0
A chomeroroorou 32 0
0 1
26.500 18,969
APPENDIX— MEASURES.

81?

Table X. Jewish reduced to English wine measure.
Galls. Pts. Sol. inch.

A caph
A log
A cab -
A fain
A ^eah . . .
A batfa or epha -
A coroner cliom^

0
- 0
* 0
- 1
2
- 7
76

6
3i

4 4
5

0.177
0.2110.8442.533 5.067
16,2 7.626

Table

As
DeunxDextransDodransBesSeptunx SemisQuincunxTrieusQuadransSextons
Uncia

XI. Raman square measure.
fed Eng. roads, poles.
28,800 2 18

26,400
24,00021,600 19,20016,80014,400 12,000 9,600
7,200
4,8002,400

10 2
34 25 17 9 1
32
24 16 8

feet. 250 183 117 51
257 191125 58
261 193
132 66

Ta|[Le XII. Roman dry measures reduced ta
English. peck. gal. pints, satin.
A Ugula ... 0 0
A cyathus - - 0 0
An acetabulum - 0 0
A faeraina - 0 0
A sextarius - 0 0
A semi d. - - 0 1
A modius - 1 0

0.010.04 0.06
0.240.48 3.84
7.68

Table XIlI, English Long Measure,

S barley corns
12 incfaes
3 feet
6i yards
40 rods or percfaes
8 furlongs
6 feet

1 incfa
I foot
I yard
1 pole, perch, or rod
1 furlong
1 mile
I fathom

Table XIV, English square measure.
Inches

144

1296

39204

1568160

62726401 43560

Fed

10890

Yards

SOi

1210

4840

Poles

40

Roods

160 I 4 \Acre

TABI.E XV, English dry measure.
Solid In.

31tV

Pint

272i

8

Galkn

544i

16

2

Peck

2178

64

8

4

Bushel

256
32
16
4
Coom
5120
.640
320
80
20 1
Last 103
Table XVI, Aglish wine measure.
SoUd In.
28,875
Pint
231
8
Gallon
7276,5
252
31 i
Barrel
9702
336
42
U
Tierce
14553
504
63
2
14
Hhds.
19404
672
84
2S
2
nl
Table XVII, English ate and beer measure.
Salidln. 35,26
Pint
282
8
GaUan
2538
72
9
Firkin
10152
15228
30456
288
36
4
Band
432
54
6
H Hhds.
864
108
12
S 1 2
Butt
Table XVIII. French measures on the old system^
An inch or pouce is 1.06578 English inches.
Afoot . 12.78933 do, do,
A sonde - - 63,9967 or 6 French feet
A loise or fathom 76.7360 or 6 do. do.
A perche - 230.2080 or 18 do. do.
A league - 2282 toises.
A square inch - 1.13582 English sq. inch.
An arpent - 100 square percfaes,
about i acre English.
Table XIX. French measures on the new system.
I, Measures of Length.
Eng. inch.
MiUimetre .03937 »
Centimetre .39371
Decimetre 3.93710
.Metre - 39.37100 or 3.281 feet
Decametre 393,71000 or 10 yards, 2 feet, 9.7
incfaes,
Hecatometre 3937.10000 or 100 yards, 1 foot, 1 in,
ChUiometre 39371,00000 or 4 furlongs, 213 yards,
1 fool, 10,2 inches,
Myriometre 393710.00000 or 6 mUes, I furiong,
136 yards, 6 inches,
2. Superficial or square measures.
Eng. sq. yards.
Are, a square decametre 119.6046
Decare - - 1196.0460
Hecatare - - 11960.4600 or 2 acres, 1
rood, 36.4 perches.
S. Measures of capacity.
Eng. cubic inch.
.06103
MiUilitreCentilitre Decilitre
Litre, a cubic decimetre
.61028
6.10280
61.02800 or 2.113 wine
pints.
818

APPENDIX.— WEI GHTS.

Eng. cubic inch.
DecaUtre - - 610,28000 or 2.64 wine
gallons.
Hecatolitre - - 6102,80000 or 26,4 wine
gallons.
The standard of measure, according lo the new
French system, is a meridional circle ofthe earth,
whicji for this purpose faas been accurately ascer
tained by raen of science, Tfae whole circle is
divided into 40 miUion parto, or the quadrant into
10 million parts, one of wfaich is tfae unity of
lengtfa called a metre. In order to express deci
mal proportions in tfais new system, tfae following
terms have been adopted, "rhe terra Deca pre
fixed denotes 10 times ; Heca, 100 times ; Chik,
1,000 times ; and Myrio, 10,000 tiraes. On the
other hand, Deci expresses tfae 10th part; Centi,
tfae 100th part; and MUU, tfae 1,000tfapart: so
tfaat Decametre signifies 10 metres ; and Decime
tre, the lOtfa part of a metre, &c. The Metre is
the element of long mesisures ; Are, that of square
measures ; the Litre is tfae element of all meas
ures of capacity ; and the Gramme, whicfa is the
Weight of a cubic centimetre of distilled water,
is the element for all weighfa. For bulky articles,
like wood, tfae stere is tfae unity of measure. It is
equal to a cubic metre, containing 35,31.71 cubic
feet English,
Table XX, Faot measures of various countries
red'uced to Englishfed. Eng.feet.

Amsterdam,Antwerp,Augsburg, Barcelona,Berlin,
Bern,Bologna,Bremen,Breslau, Brussels,
China, matheraatical,
China, iraperisd,
Constantinople,Copenhagen, Dantzic,
Dresden,Florence, Geneva,Hamburg,Leghorn,Leipsic,Lisbon, Madrid, Marseilles,
Moscow, Munich,
Palerrao, Paris,
Prague,
Riga, Rome,
Stockholm,Turin,
Venice, Vienna,
Ulm, Utrecht,
Waraaw,Zurich,
The ancient Roman fool was 1 1

,930 ,940
,972,992,992
,962
1,244 ,965
1.125 ,902
1,1271.051
2.195 1.049 .923
.929 .995
1.919 .933
.992
1.034 .952
.915 .814
.928.947.747
1.066 .987 .933
,966
1.073 1.6761.137
1,036 ,826.741
1,169 ,979 Engliah

inches, the Greek foot 12.090, the Arabic foot
10,544.

WEIGHTS,

Table I,

Jewish Weights reduced to English
Troypoeight.

Shekel

lb., oz.
- 0 0

pwt. gr,
9 24

Maneh

2 3

6 lOf
1 lOf

Talent

113 10

Table II,

Grecian and Roman weights reduced
to English Troy weight.

Lentes

lb. oz.
0 0

pwt. gr.
0 OJ/j

Siliquae
Obolus

- 0 0
- 0 0

0 3ij
0 g/r

Scriptulum
Drachma

0 0
- 0 0

P 18Jj
2 6^

Sextula

0 0

3 Of

Sicilius

0 0

4 ISf

Duella

0 0

6 14

Uncia

0 0

18 5|

Libra

0 10

18 13f

Table IIL Of Troy weight.
As used by Goldsmiths.
24 grains, gr, - I pennyweight, dwt.
20 dwt - I ounce, oz.
12 oz. - - 1 pound, lb.
As used by Apothecaries.
20 grains - - 1 scruple, 3
3 3 - - - 1 dram,3
8 3 - - - 1 ounce, ^
12 I - . - 1 pound, Jb
Table IV. Of Diamond Weight.
Diamonds and other precious stones are weigh.
ed by carats, tfae carat weighing 3|- grsiins troy.
Diamond weight. Troy weight.
16 parts = 1 grain = 0y\- grain.
4 grains = 1 carat = 3^ grains.

Table V. Of Avoirdupois weigh I.
Drachms

16

Ounce

256

16

Pound

7168

448

28

^uar.

Hund.

28762

1792

112

4

673440

S5840

2240

80

20 1'

144 lb. avoirdupois
192 oa;, do.

Table VI,

Ton
175 lb. ti-oy,
175 OS. troy.

New French weights reduced to Troy
weight.
The element of all French weights is tfae Gram
me, wfaicfa is the weight of a cubic centimetre of
distilled water, aud is equal to 16.4441 grains troy.
grains, dec.
A milligramme ia - - - 0.0154
A centigramme ... 0.1544
A decigrsunme - - . 1.6444

APPENDIX— GENERAL TABLE OF U, STATES,

81 »

A gramme
A decagramme
A hectogramme
A chilogrsirame
A myriagrararae

¦« .

grains, dec.
16.4441
154,441 &.C.
1544,41 &c,
154441 &c,
154441, Sic.

Table VII, Containing a comparison of Uie
weigfats of diferent places, sfaewing the nuraber
of pounds of each place that are equal to 100
pounds avoirdupois,
100 pounds avoirdupois English are equal lo
91.80 lb. of Amsterdara. I 92.69 lb. of Bilboa.Bologna.
Bourdeaux.Breraen. Breslau.
Cop&hagen
Cracow.

96.76
112.60 92.64
9196.8036.85

Antwerp,

126.31

Barcelona,

91.72

Basil.

90.93

Bergen.

111.9Q

Berlin.

90.80

Bern.

112

103,07 lb,:
97,14
133,56 97,0293,63
93,20
119,27 133,56 97,14
98.80
100 ,93,83
136,59104,10 143,20
143,70111.63
141.93 113.58

ofDantzic,

90,79 lb, of Morea,

Dresden.

110.86

Moscow,

Florence

80,87

Munich,

Frankfort.

88.94

Nuremberf.

Haraburgh.

139.33

Parma,

Hanover.

139.22

Pisa,

Konigsberg.

88,16

Prague,

Leghorn.

108.46

Riga,

Leipsic.

133,69

Rome.

Lisbon.

91,80

Rotterdam.

Loudon.

87,40

Rouen.

Lubec,

110,86

Russia.

Lucca,

114.29

Sardinia.

Madeira,

98.40

Spain.

Malta,

98,77

Teneriffe.

Mantua,

122,93

Turin.

MarseiUes,

96,77

Ulm.

Modena,

112,26

Warsaw.

Montpellier,

TABLES,

ILLUSTRATING THE POPULATION, COMMERCE, AND RESOURCES OF THE
UNITED STATES.

General Table,

Showing the extent, population, number of mUitia, manufactures, and value of
houses and lands in eacfa of tfae United States,

s «-

Manufac
Value of
Value of hou
States, •
¦^ «
Is
Popula tion in
1820,*
Militia
in 1821,
tures in
1810,
jhonses and
lands in
1799,
ses and lands
in 1814-15.
DoUars.
Dollars.
Dolldrs.
1, Maine ....
31,750
297,839
30,990
3,741,116
. -
-
2, New Hampshire ...
9,491
244,161
27,012
6,225,045
23,175,046
38,745,974
3, Verraont ....
10,212
235,749
20,781
6,407,280
16,723,873
32,461,120
4, Massachusetto . - .
7,'260
621,725
48,140
21,895,528
t83,992,468
tl43,765,660
5, Rhode Island . - -
1,580
83,059
8,666
4,106,074
11,066,357
20,907,766
. 6. Connecticut ....
4,764
275,248
22,100
7,771,928
48,313,424
88,534,971
7, New York
46,000
1,379,989
121,653
25,370,286
100,380,706
269,370,900
8. New Jersey ....
8,320
277,575
35,240
7,064,594
36,473,899
95,899,333
9. Pennsylvania . . -
46,000
1,046,844
115,231
33,691,111
102,145,900
346,633,889
10, Delaware ....
2,120
72,749
7,451
1,733,744
6,234,413
13,449,370
11. Maryland ...
13,969
407,300
32,189
11,468,794
32,372,290
106,496,638
12. Virginia ...
64,000
-
88,915
16,263,473
71,225,127
165,608,199
IS, North CaroUna
48,000
640,000
46,782
6,653,152
30,842,372
51,517,031
14, South Carolina
24,000
¦ -
23,729
k 3,623,595
17,465,012
74,325,262
15, Georgia ...
60,000
328,673
29,661
3,658,481
12,061,137
31,487,658
16, Alabama ...
44,000
-
11,281
1 419,073
-
.
17. Mississippi ...
46,000
-
5,292
.
-
18. Louisisraa ....
48,000
166,000
10,267
1,222,367
.
.
19, Tennessee . . -
40,000
422,505
36,146
3,611,029
6,134,108
24,243,750
20. Kentucky ....
42,000
664,371
61,062
6,181,024
21,408,090
66,878,587
21. Ofaio . . - .
39,000
681,434
83,247
2,894,290
-
61,347,215
2S, Indiana ....
36,000
147,600
14,990
300,000
-
.
23. IlUnois ....
52,000
50,395
2,031
120,000
.
.
24, Missouri ...
60,000
.
12,030
200,000
-
.
Columbia District
100
- ' .
- -
1,100,000
- ,
•
Micfaigan Territory
40,000
- -
1,707
60,000
- -
_
. Total United States
899,541 172,762,676
619,977,247
1,631,657,224
* Tfae census for 1820 is uot yet published, and we have not been able to obtain the results for all
tfae States, t Including Maine,
g20

APPENDIX— POPULATION TABLES,

Table I, Containing the total population of each of the United States according to the enumerations
in 1790, 1800, and 1810, with the increase and rate of increase between those periods.

rof ants )0,

ber of litants 1800,

r of ants 10,

»-:fi

f 111- fromi 1810

fin- "rom 1810

States,

,S'^F-

.S'^S

g S5

S Bl S ¦

•^ fflii

o 0) 2

Num infaal iul

B'-

Nura infaal in

Incre 10 ye 1790

Kate creas 1790
1 £§
per ct
«
per'ct.
Maine ...
96,540
151,719
228,705
65,179
132,165
57,2
50.7
New-Hampshire -
141,885
183,858
214,460
41,973
72,576
29,6
16.6
Vermont
85,539
154,465
217,895
68,926
132,356
80,5
41.0
Massachusetts
378,787
422,845
472,040
44,068
93,253
11.5
11.6
Rhode-Island -
68,826
69,122
76,931
497
8,106
0.4
11.4
, Connecticut
237,946
251,002
261,942
13,056
23,996
5,5
4,3
New- York -
340,120
586,050
959,049
245,930
618,929
72.0
63.6
New-Jersey
184,139
211,149
245,562
27,010
61,423
14.3
16,3
Pennsylvania
434,373
602,548
810,091 72,674
168,175
375,718
38.6
34,4
Delaware
59,094
64,273
6,179
13,580
8.7
13.0
Maryland . - -
319,728
349,692
380,546
29,964
60,818
6,8
11.4
Virginia
747,610
886,149
974,622
138,539
227,012
17.6
10.7
North CaroUna
393,751
478,103
555,500
84,352
161,749
21.4
16.2
South Carolina -
240,073
345,591
415,115
106,618
175,042
38.6
20.1
Georgia ...
82,548
162,686
252,433
80,138
169,885
97.0
55,1
Alabama - - - )
Mississippi - - \
8,850
31,502
- -
-
356,0
Louisiana - - -
.
-
76,556
_
.
.
-
Tennessee - . -
3,5,691
103,602
261,727
69,911
226,036
196.0
147.8
Kentucky
73,677
220,959
406,511
147,282
332,834
200.0
83.9
Ohio
3,000
45,365
230,760
42,366
227,000
1400.0
-
Indiana - - -
-
4,875
24,520
-
408.6
Illinois . . -
.
216
12,282
.
.
5609,0
Missouri - " ' ^
Arkansaw Territory - 5
20,845
- -
* -
-
- -,
Michigan Territory
5,51
4,762
- -
'-
-
764.2
District of Columbia - , - J
- - -
14,093
24,023
- - ¦
- - ¦
70.0-
Total in the U, States - -
3,929,328
6,306,035
7,239,903'
1,376,707
3,310,575
35.li 346 1
Table II, Containing the free white population of each ofthe United Stotes, according to the enu
merations in 1790, 1800 and 1810
witfa tfae
increase and rate of
increase
between these periods.
States,
Number of free white persons
in 1790,
Nuraberof free white persons
in 1800,
Number of free while persons
in 1810.
Increasein 10 years, from 1790 to
1800,
Increase
in 20 years, from 1790 to
1810,
Hale of
in crease
from 1790tol800
Rate of
in crease
from ISOOtolOlO
per et.
per ct
Maine ....
96,002
150,901
227,736
54,89ft
131,734
57,2
50.9
New Harapshire ...
141,097
182,995
213,490
41,898
72,393
29.6
16,6
Verraont ...
85,298
153,908
217,145
68,610
131,847
80,S
41.1
Msissachusetts ...
373,324
416,393
465,303
43,069
91,979
11.4
11.7
Rhode Island . . . -
64,470
65,438
73,214
968
8,744
1.5
11.8
Connecticut ...
232,374
244,751
255,179
12,377
22,805
.5,3
4,3
New York ....
314,142
555,063
918,699
240,921
604,657
76.7
65.5
New Jersey ...
169,954
194,325
226,868
24,371
56,914
14,4
' 16.7
Pennsylvania ...
424,099
586,278
786,804
162,179
362,706
38.2
S4.3
Delaware -
46,308
49,852
55,361
3,544
9,053
7.6
11.0
Maryland ...
208,649
221,998
235,117
13,349
26,468
3.6
8.0
Virginia '- - . -
442,117
518,674
551,534
76,557
109,417
16.3
7.2
Nortfa Carolina ...
288,204
337,864
376,410
49,660
88,206
17.0
11.4
South Carolina ...
131, 17l!
196,259
214,196
65,081
83,018
40.0
9,1
Georgia ....
52,886
101,068
145,414
48,182
92,528
93.6
42,2
Alabaraa r - - - ^
Mississippi - - - - J
- -
5,179
23,024
- -
- .
.
344,5
Louisiana - - . .
- -
- -
34,311
.
^
.
.
.Tennessee ...
31,913
91,709
216,876
,59,796
183,962
187,3
135.4
Kentucky - - - -
61,133
179,875
324,237
118,742
263,104
194,2
80,2
Ohio 
3,000
45,028
228,861
42,000
225,861
.
408.2
Indiana ....
- •
4,577
2Sj890
.
.
421.9
lUinois . - - . .
- .
208
11,501
.
_
.
.
' Missouri
Arkansaw Territory - '
-
- -
17,227
- -
- -
-
-
Michigan Territory
. .
534
4,618
. .
.
764.8
District of Columbia
- -
10,066
4,304,306
16,079
5,862,093
- -
. .
-
-
Total in the United States
3,172,120
1,132,186
2,689,973
35,6
35,0
APPENDIX-DEPOPULATION TABLES, 821
Table III, Containing the black population of each of the United States, according to the enu
merations in 1790, 1800, and 1810, with the increase and rate of increase between those rteriods.

States,

Sfumber of
blacks in 1790.

Nuraber of
blacks in 1800,

Number of
blacks in1810,

icrease
in 10 years )ral790to 1800.

(icrease
in 20 years rom
1790 to
1810,

aleof
in- ease
from OOtoISOO.

ate of
in. ease
from OOtolSIO.

538

818

280

431

SS SS'

«bS

Maine, - ^

969

perct 52,i

per ct.
18,4!

New Hampshire,

78ji

860

970

72

182

9,1

12,7

Vermont, ....

271

667

760

286

479

105,; 18,1

34,6

Massachusetts, ...

6,463

6,452

6,737

989

1,274

4,4

Rhode Island,

4,365

3,684

3,717

—671

—638

— I3,C

0.9'

Connecticut, - . . -

6,572

6,281

6,763

709

1,191

, 12,7

7,61

New York,

; 25,978

30,988

40,350

5,010

I4,S72

19,2

30,2

New Jersey, ....

14,185

16,824

18,694

2,639

4,509

11.5

11,11

Pennsylvania, ...

10,274

16,270

23,287

6,996

13,013

68.6

43.1 1

Delaware, - - -

12,786

14,421

17,313

1,635

4,527

1S.6

20,0 !

Marylsmd, . . . -

111,079

125,222

146,429

14,143

34,350

12.8

16.1 ,

Virginia, ....

305,493

365,920

, 423,088

60,427

117,595

19,4

15.8

North CaroUna, ...

105,547

140,339

179,090

34,792

73,543

33,0

27,6

South Csurolina, . - -

108,895

149,336

200,919

40,441

92,024

37.0

34.5

6eorg&, ...

29,662

60,423

107,019

30,761

77,357

103.7

77.1;

Alabama, - - %
Mississippi, . . . ,

- -

3,671

17,328

- -

-

.-

372,0 1

Louisisina, ....

- -

-

42,245

.

.

- .

_ ,. 1

Tennessee, ...

3,778

13,893

45,852

10,115

42,074

267,7

230.0 1

Kentucky, ....

12,544

41,084

82,274

28,540

69,730

227,5

100.2

Ohio, ....

- -

337

1,899

-

.

. .

463,0 1

Indiansi, ....

-

298

630

-

.

- -

211.41

lUinois, ...

- .

7

781

.

.

. .

11000,0 ;

Missouri, . - - i
Arkansaw Territory, . . ' ,

- -

- -

3,618

- -

- -

'

Michigan Territory,

• .

17

144

.

.

- .

747.0

District of Columbia, .

- - .

4,027
1,001,729

7,944

- -

. -

- -

97.2,

Total in the United States,

737,208

lJ,377,8I0' 244,5211 620,602

32,4

32.8 i

Table IV. Containing the number of Free Blacks, and the number of Slaves in'eadi of the United
States, according to the enuraerations in 1790, 1800 and 1810.

"B,S .
"o^ . ¦
¦zJi .
¦o a
Oa
¦^
¦ o o
raber e
Blac nl800
u o
.0
a
° a
States.
raber eBla nl79
raber e
Bia nl81
raber aves 1790.
raber avesi 1800.
fr,— ' o
sis
a <D —
a o-"
s »¦-
Sfc
= co
3-
Ki
•Z,*
969
None
None
^Cfi
Maine - . -
538
818
None
New Hampsfaire -,
630
852
970
158
8
None
Vermont - - - ;
255
557
750
16
None
None
Massachusetts . . -
5,463
6,462
. 6,737
None
None
None
Rfaode Island
3,407
3,304
, 3,609
948
380
108
Connecticut - - -
2,808
5,330
6,453
2,764
951
310
New-York
4,664
10,374
25,333
21,324
20,614
16,017 j
New-Jersey •
2,762
4,402
7,843
11,423
12,422
10,851 '
Pennsylvania
6,537
14,664
(.22,492
3,737
1,706
795 :
Dela'ware . - -
3,899
8,268
13,136
8,887
6,153
4,177 i
Maryland
8,043
19,587
33,927
103,036
105,635
111,302 i
Virginia
12,866
20,124
30,670
292,627
345,796
r/'-2,5iii
Nortfa Carolina ...
4,975
7,043
10,266
100,572
133,296
168,824 1
Soutfa Carolina
1,801
3,185
4,554
107,094
146,1,51
196,365
Georgia . . . -
398
1,019
1,801
29,264
59,404
105,218
Alabsuna ' ' ' \
Mississippi - - - )
- -
182
240
- -
3,489
17,088
Louisiana . - .
-
-
7,585
-
34,660
Tennessee ...
361
309
1,317
3,417
13,584
44,535
Kentucky ...
114
741
1,713
12,430
40,343
80,561
Ofaio
-
337
1,899
-
None
None
Indiana ...
-
163
393
135
237
lUinois ....
- ¦-
5
613
2
168
Missouri ~ ' ' \
Arkansaw Territory - J
- - .
- -
607
- -
3,011
Michigan Territory -
. ..
14
120
-
3
3,244
24 J
¦District of Columbia
- -
783
2,549
-
5,395
Total inthe U.States
59,511
108,413
186,446
697,697
893,316
1,191,364 1
322 APPENDIX— POPULATION TABLF.S,
Table V, Showing ihe proportion ofthe sexes in the free white population of each state, according
to the enumerations in 1790, and 1810,

States,

1790,

1810. 1

Males, 49,132

Females, 46,870

Excess,

Males, ^

[Females,

Excess, I

Maine - . . .

2,262 males

116,50811 112,227

3,282 males

New.Hampshire

70,937

70,160

777

do.

105,982

107,580

1,526 females

Vermont - . - .

44,763

40,505

4,258

do.

109,951

107,194

2,757 males

Massacfausetts

182,742

190,582

7,840feraales

229,742

235,561

5,8I9females

Rhode-Island , -

31,818

32,652

834

do.

35,743

37,47]

1,728 do.

Connecticut - - -

114,926

117,448

2,522

do.

126,373

128,806

2,433 do.

New-York

161,822

152,320

9,502 males

474,281

444,418

29,863 males

New-Jersey - . -

86,667

83,287

3,380

do.

116,351

111,511

3,840 do.

Pennsylvania

217,736

206,363

11,373

do.

401,666

385,238

16,328 do.

Delaware ,- - -

23,926

22,384

1,542

do.

28,006

27,355

651 do.

Maryland ....

107,254

101,395

5,859

do.

120,210

114,907

5,303 do.

Virginia ...

227,071

215,046

12,025

do.

280,038

271,496

8,642 do.

North CaroUna . . -

147,494

140,710

6,784

do.

188,632

187,778

854 do.

South Carolina

73,298

66,880

6,418

do.

109,-587

104,609

4,978 do.

Georgia ....

27,147

25,739

1,408

do.

75,845

69,569

6,276 do.

Alabama ~ ~ ' \
Mississippi - - - J

- -

• -

- -

- i

12,860

10,174

2,676 do.

Louisisraa ...

.

. -

.

18,940

15,371

3,569 do.

Tennessee ...

16,548

15,365

1,183

do.

111,763

104,112

7,651 do.

Kentucky ...

32,211

28,922

3,289

do.

168,805

155,432

13,373 do.

Ohio 

. .

. .

.

.

119,657

109,204

10,453 do.

Indiana ....

- .

.

.

.

12,570

11,320

1,260 do.

Illinois . . . ,

-

.

.

.

6,380

6,120

1,260 do.

Missouri ' ' ' \
Arkansaw Territory . J

- -

- -

- -

¦ \

9,387

7,840

1,547 do.

Michigan Territory -

.

.

.

2,837

1,781

1,056 do.

District of Colurabia

- ¦

- -

- -

-

8,130

7,949

181 do.

Total iu the U, States

1,615,492

1,556,628

58,864 raales

2,988,141

2,873,952;1 14,189 males |

Table VI.— Shewing tfae ages of the free white population of each state according to the enumeration
in 1810. 1

States.

Free

White Males,

Free While Females, |
Ji
n
¦a ,
^ " a
O a
18,463
Of sixteen p and under g twenty-six.
m
o, 22,078
ii
"C a,
<S a
39,131
Of ten and undersix teen.
Of sixteen and under twenty-six.
Oftwenly-six and under forty-five.
Offorty-five and upwards.
Maine
41,273
13,291
17,827
21,290
21,464
: 12,5151
N. Hampshire
34,284
17,840
18,865
20,531
14,462
32,313
17,259
20,792
21,940; 15,204
Vermont
38,082
18,347
19,678
20,791
13,053
36,621
17,341
30,983
20,7921 11,547
Massachusetts
66,930
34,964
46,018
45,854
34,976
66,881
33,091
46,366
49,229| 39,-894
Rhode-Island
10,735
6,554
7,250
6,766
5,439
10,555
5,389
7,520
7,635
6,372
Connecticut
37,812
20,498
23,880
23,699
20,484
35,913
18,931
24,973
26,293
22,696
New-York
165,933
73,702
85,779
94,882
53,985
157,946
68,811] 86,139
¦ 85,805
46,718
Ne'w-Jersey
37,814
18,914
21,231
21,394
16,004
36,06-:
17,787j 21,194
21,359
15,109
Pennsylvania
138,464
62,606
74,203
74,193
52,100
131,769
60,943 75,960
70,826
45,740
Delaware
9,632
4,480
6,150
6,866
2,878
9,041
4,370; 5,541
5,527
2,876
Msu-yland
38,613
18,489
22,688
25,266
15,165
36,1S7
17,833 23,875
22,908
14,154
Virginia
97,777
42,919
51,473; 62,667
35,30'^
90,7 H
42,207: 54,899
51,163
32,512
N. Carolina
68,036
30,321
34,630' 34,456
21,189
65,421
30,053 37,933
33,944
20,427
S. CaroUna
39,669
17,193
20,933! 20,488
11,304
37,497
16,6-39 20,583
18,974
10,926
Georgia
28,002
11,951
14,085 14,372
7,435
26,28L<
11,-237 13,461
12,350
6,238
Alsibama Mississippi
I 4,272
1,637
2,632. 3,160
1,144
4,015
1,644
2,187
1,763
675
Louisiana
5,848
2,491
2,963 5,130
2,608
5,384
2,588
2,874
,3,026
1,49!
Tennessee
44,494
17,170
19,486
19,957
10,656
41,810
16,329; 19,864
17,634
8,485
Kentucky
65,134
26,804
29,772
29,553
17,542
60,776
25,743
29,511
25,920
13,482
Ohio
46,623
18,119
20,189
22,761
11,965
44,192
16,869
19,990
19,436
8,717
Indiana
4,923
1,922
2,284
2,316
1,125
4,566
1,863
2,228
1,880
794
Illinois
2,266
945
1,274
1,339
556
2,019
791
1,053
894
364'
Missouri Arkansaw ter.
I 3,438
1,345
1,568
2,069
967
3,213
1,266
1,431
1,369
562
Michigan ter.
800
351
468,183
583
547,597
763
672,347
340
364,736
640
981,426 16.75'"
332
448;334
368 - 311
130
338,37^
Total
1,035,278
561,668
544,166
Proportion
17,6pr,ct,
8.0
9,3
9.8
6,2
7,65
9,6 {
9.1
5.8
Note. Several of theStates in tfae six preceding tables were not admitted into tfae Union till after
1810. The numbers in such cases have reforenee to the territory at present included within the lim
its of the State, except that Louisiana does not include the portion of West Florida which was sumexed
to the State in 1812.
APPENDIX,— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES,

823

COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.

Table I, Showing the quantities of the principal articles exported from the United States annually
during specified periods.

Articles Exported,

.Ashes, Pol .... tons
Pearl - - - - do.
Beef ..... barrels
Cotton ..... lbs.
Flour .... bsirrcls
Fisfa, dried , . - . quintals
pickled ... bsirrels
Flaxseed .... busfaels
Indian corn - . ... do.
Pork ..... barrels
Rice ..... tierces
Tobacco .... hogsheads
Tar ..... barrels
Pitch .... do.
Rosin . - ... do.
Turpentine . - - .do.
Wheat .... busfaels

3,0833,197
62,371
189,316
619,681
383,237 57,424
409,444
1^13,241 26,63573,329
101,272 51,044 3,818 228
68,107
1,018,339

a SoT,^

4,305 2,264
65,586
5,527,063 701,625395,681 57,904
316,413
1,316,155 51,358
108,230 78,81663,165 9,3068,798
43,445
423,7551

a a
*^'°'Z •
2 Q XI v

432

4,537 1,910
76,319
43,127,223 909,910
418,978 61,528
257,095
1,107,964 58,996 84,65371,53667,107 5,7465,373
69,432
409,467

•a s Ml
3 S a9

2,702 757
39,214
42,136,686 1,039,092 115,512 25,247
220,115
1,451,920 18,093
91,622
31,140 58,753 6,2287,252
46,648
1 16,366

^¦B-3 rt ^ O

8,348
2,191
37,889
85,649,328 1,479,198 267,514 44,426
222,594387,454 14,462
79,29662,36537,120 8,378 8,038
73,48496,407

Table II. Showing the aversige annual value of tfae exports of each of the U. States, for tfae period
of ten years from 1802 to 1812.

Aversige annual value of exports for the

Value of exports for the year,

¦
states.

ten years, from 1802 to 1812.

ending Sept SOth, 1820,

Domestic

Foreign

Total.

oncom- wilfaUie United

Domestic

Foreign

Total

Produce.

Produce.

Proporti pared wfaole States

Produce,

Produce

Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
per cent
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Maine*
.
.
.
.
1,082,568
25,463
1,108,031
New Hampsfaire
312,225
139,072
451,297
0.66
223,082
17,718
240,800
Vermont .
185,246
46,110
230,357
0.33
395,869
.
395,869
Massacfausetts*
5,347,764
8,103,476
13,461,241
19.77
3,861,435
7,147,487
11,008,922
Rhode Island -
756,166
696,574
1,451,732
2.13
669,902
602,860
1,072,762
Connecticut .
1,065,148
49,948
1,115,096
1.63
415,831
6,101
421,931
. New York
7,822,745
7,693,404
15,516,150
22.81
8,250,676
4,912,569
13,163,244
New Jersey -
80,981
10,842
91,823
0.13
20,531
. .
20,531
Pennsylvsmia
4,165,151
6,479,588
10,634,740
15.63
2,948,879
2,794,670
5,743,549
Delaware
97,030
172,850
269,880
0.39
89,948
-
89,498
Maryland
3,385,378
4,867,300
8,252,678
!2.1S
4,681,598
1,927,766
6,609,364
District of Columbia
.
.
-
. . -
1,156,468
48,447
1,204,915
Virginia
4,101,923
266,135
4,358,058
6,40
4,549,137
8,820
"4,557,967
North Carolina
626,488
6,235
632,723
0.93
807,944
375
808,319
South CaroUna -
4,77I,25£
1,437,348
6,208,606
9.12
8,690,539
192,401
8,882,940
Georgia
1,746,889
19,299
1,766,189
2.57
6,525,013
69,610
6,594,623
Ohio
11,875
.
11,875
0,01
2,218
.
2,218
Louisiana -
.
.
.
7,242,416
353,742
7,596,167
Mississippi
.
.
.
. .
96,636
. .
96,636
Micfaigan Territory
- -
- -
- -
"
73,408
- -
73.408
United States
37,454,583130,563,563
68,018,147
51,683,64018,008,029
69,691,669
For want of data, Louisiana is omitted in the preceding statement
¦^ Maine -was a part of Massachusetts from 1802 to 1812.
824

APPENDIX,— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES,

Table IIL Showing tfae estiraated value of tfae domestic and foreign produce, exported from the
United States to foreign countries daring each yeso- f4-oin 1790 to 1820.

TEARS,

Domestic Produce,

ForeignProduce,

Total,

TEARS.

Domes lim
Produce,

Foreign Produce.

Total.

For the year
ending Sept,

For the year
ending Sept

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

DolUirs.

SOth,

1790

- -

. .

20,205,166

SOth, 1806

41,253,727

60,283,236

101,536,963

1791

- -

- -'

19,012,041

1807

48,699,692

59,643,658

108,343,150

1792

- -

- -

20,753,098

1808

9,433,546

12,997,414

22,430,960

1793

- -

. -

26,109,672

1809

31,405,702

20,797,531

52,203,283

1794
— —
. -
33,026,233
1810
42,366,675
24,391,295
66,757,970
1796
- -
- -
47,989,472
1811
45,294,043
16,022,790
61,316,833
1796
40,764j037
26,300,000*
67,064,097
1812
30,032,109
8,496,127
38,527,236
1797
29,850,206
27,000,QpO*
56,850,206
1813
25,008,152
2,847,845
27,855,997
1798
28,527,097
33,000,000*
61,627,097
1814
6,782,272
145,169
6,927,441
1799
33,142,522
45,523,000
78,665,522
1815
45,974,403
6,583,350
52,557,753
1800
31,840,903
39,130,877
70,971,780
1816
64,781,896
17,138,556
81,920,452
1801
47,473,204
46,642,721
94,115,925
1817
68,313,500!l9,358,069
87,671,569
1802
36,708,189
35,774,971
72,483,160
1818
73,854,43719,426,696
93,281,133
1803
42,205,961
13,594,072
55,800,033
1819
50,976,83819,165,683
70,142,521
1804
41,467,477
36,231,597
77,699,074
1820
51,683,640 18,008,029
69,691,669
1805
42,387,002
53,179,019
95,566,021
1
* These numbers are estimates. Tfaere was no discrimination mside in tfae general accounts be
tween the value of domestic and foreign articles untU tfae year 1802.
Table IV. Destination of tfae Exports. Sfaowing tfae annual value of the produce exported lo each
foreign country, calculated on the average of ten years, ending September SOtfa, 1812 ; also, the val
ue ofthe produce exported to eacfa country in tfae year ending September SOth, 1820.
Average
.
Average
1 Average
•
Value of
ts
annual va
i
annual va
§ annual va-
1
the whole
Produce
exported in 1820,
o
Foreign countries.
lue of Do
mestic pro
duce ex
1
lue of For
eign pro
duce ex
% lue of the
§, [whole pro-
S duce ex-
8
i
ported.
P4
ported
°- Iported
0^
pr,ct
Dollars.
per ct.
Dollars.
per ct| Dollars.
per ct
DoUars.
Russia
307,717
0.82
1,919,303
S.S3| 1,327,020
1.95
1,382,321
2.0
Prussia
96,030
0.25
178,948
0,58 274,979
0.44
4,839
0,01
Sweden and Swedish W.
Indies
1,400,868
3.74
1,015,741
3.32 2,416,605
3.65
646,866
0.97
Danish dominions, including
Norway
1,832,827
4.89
1,961,150
6.42
3,793,977
5.56
2,469,638
3,55
HoUsmd and Dutch colonies
1,790,967
4.78
6,803,503
2.22
8,594,471
12.63
7,688,336
11.0S
British dorainions
16,863,102
44.99
1,812,674
6,92
18,666,777
27.44
28,891,916
41,47
Germany
736,652
1.96
1,695,606
5,54
2,432,059
3.57
2,591,275
3.7
French dominions
3,118,217
8.32
5,874,694
19.18
8,992,912
13.19
9,111.215
13,7
Spanish dominions -
5,692,220
15.19
6,598,596
18,28
11,190,817
16,45
6,840,024
9,8
Portuguese dominions -
4,154,999
11,09
696,284
2.97
4,851,283
7,13
1,325,751
1.9
Italy
152,968
0.40
1,881,681
6.16
2,034,649
2,99
1,211,190*
1,8
Trieste and Austrian ports
on the Adriatic
14,380
0,03
216,504
0,70
230,886
0,33
587,582
.84
Turkey, Levant, and Egypt
15,431
0.04
260,701
0.84
276,132
0,40
693,1861
1.0
Cape of Good Hope
60,198
0,13
70,286
0.22
120,484
0,17
.
China ...
193,430
0.51
139,634
0,45
333,065
0,48
1,479,701
2.1
Asia generally
6,976
0.01
14,991
0,04
11,968
0.02
63,427
0,1
East Indies do.
128,136
0.34
351,189
1.14
479,324
0.70
. .
West Indies do.
1,123,275
2.99
390,057
1.27
1,513,332
2.22
2,508,956
3,6
Europe do.
168,293
0.42
458,268
1.49
616,661
0.90
965,024
1,4
Africa do.
213,819
0,67
227,395
0.14
441,214
0,62
76,909
,11
South Seas
4,366
0.01
20,162
0.06
24,529
0,03
26,961
,04
NorUi-West coast
19.011
0,05
147,771
0.48
166,782
0,24
234,4*1
,34
Hayti
-
- •
-
-
-
- -
644,358
,92
Soutfa America -
-
- -
-
. -
-
. .
241,193
,35
Barbary Stotes
93,287
0,24
179,743
0.58
273,031
0,40
4,571
,00
100
Total
37,454,5831100
30,563,563
iOO 168,018,147
IOO
69,681,669
* Including Malta.
t Including Mocfaa and Aden.
Table V, Domestic Exports classified according to the sources whence they are derived ; with the value of the various articles annually exported from 1806 to 1817,

Articles,

*I806,

1807.

1808.

1809.

1810.

1811,

1812,

1813,

1814.

1 1815, 1 1816.

1817,

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.

>

1, Produce of the Sea.
Dried salt fish,
Pickled fish, • -
Whale oil smd bone,
Sperraaceti oil and candles.

2,160,000 366,000 418,000182,000

1,896,000 302,000476,000 130,000

623,000 98,000 88,000
23,000

1,123,000 282,000 169,000 136,000

913,000214,000222,000 132,000

767,000
305,000 78,000
273,000

592,000 146,000 66,000
141,000
935,000

210,000 81,000 2,500
10,500

128,000 60,000 1,000
9,000

494,000218,000 57,000
143,000

935,000
221,000 116,000 69,000

1,003,000 325,000
231,000 112,000

ia
f

Total of the sea,

3,116,000

2,804,000

832,000

1,710,000

1,481,000

1,413,000

304,000

188,000

912,000

1,331,000

1,671,000

n

2. Produce of the Forest.
Ginseng, peltry, &c.
Naval stores.
Pearl and Pot ashes,
Luraber, masts, &c. -

980,000
409,000 935,000
2,637,000

995,000335,000
1,490,000
2,656,000

161,000
102,000
408,000 728,000

468,000737,000
1,506,0001,872,000

317,000
473,000
1,579,000
2,609,000

393,000834,000
752,000
3,307,000

133,000
490,000333,000
1,746,000

58,00091,000
204,000754,000

61,000
31,000
- • 217,000
¦' 261,000

419,000456,000865,000
2,171,000

653,000 798,000
1,630,000
4,312,000

790,000345,000
1,967,000
3,196,000

i

Total of the forest.

4,861,000

6,476,000

1,399,000

4,683,000

4,978,000

5,286,000

2,701,000

1,107,000

570,000

3,910,000

7,293,000

6,484,000
2,069,000
22,954,000 9,230,000
22,628,000

o

3, Produce of Agriculture.
Animal food sind Anim-ils,
Vegetable food.
Tobacco,Cotton, - - - -

3,274,000
11,050,000 6,672,0008,332,000

3,086,000
14,432,000 ^76,000
14,232,000

968,000
2,550,000 838,000
2,221,000

1,811,000
8,761,0003,774,0008,515,000

2,169,000
10,750,000 5,048,000
15,108,000

2,866,000
20,391,000 2,150,000 9,652,000

1,657,000
17,797,000 1,514,000
3,080,000

1,101,000
19,041,000 319,000
2,324,000

482,000
2,179,000 232,000
2,683,000

1,332,000
11,234,000 8,235,000
17,629,000

, 2,093,000
13,151,000 12,809,000
24,106,000

t^
1

Total of Agriculture,

130,125,000

f3t,832,000

16,746,000

+23,234,000

+33,500,000

+35,556,000

+24,565,000

+23,119,000

+5,613,000

+38,808,000

+53,354,000

+57,222,000

4, Produce af Manufactures.
From domestic materials,
From foreign materials,

1,889,000 818,000

1,652,000 468,000

309,000 35,000

1,266,000 240,000

1,359,000 658,000

2,062,000 314,000

1,135,000 220,000

372,000 18,000

233,200 13,100

1,321,000 232,000

1,415,000 340,000

1,517,000 685,000j

i

Total of Manufactures,

2,707,000

2,120,000

344,000

1,506,Q00

1,917,000

2,376,000

1,355,000

390,000

246,300

1,553,000

1,755,000

2,202,000!

u*

5. Uncertain articles.

- -

- -

- -

373,000

488,000

663,000

486,000

88,000

164,700

791,000

1,049,000

734,000

to

Grand total of Domestic '
Exports, ;

41,253,000

48,700,000

9,433,000

31,406,702

42,366,675

45,294,043

30,032,000

25,008,000

6,782,000

45,974,000

64,782,000

68,313,000

* Note, The year referred to is the year ending September SOth, 1806, and so for all the rest,
+ These numbers include some articles not embraced by either of the four enumerated articles.

^,.,

to tn

APPENDIX— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES.

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Table VII, — Showing the real valWe- of all imports and exports between Great Britain and the United States for three years, being exclofiVe of the
trade of Scotland,
(From an official return made to an order of the House of Commons of 13th February, 1809,

IMPORTS FROM THE UNITED STATES,

Articles,

AnUottoAshes, pearl and pot -
Cochineal Coffee - - -
Cotton wool -
Corn, grain and meal -
Hides ...
Indigo . . ^
Pitch and tar - -
Seeds, ilas and linseed
Skins aud furs
Sugar - - - .
TobaccoWood, deals, &c.
MahoganyMasts Staves -
TurpentineOtfaer articles

Total imports

Dolls

Years ending lOtfa October,

1806

£
28,33968,336 76,824
25,893
2,028,123 359,981 9,296
43,85225,884 3,387
65,464
53,128
361,140 55,442 19,860 9,823
115,978 89,20568,525

3,508,480 or
15,577,651

1807

£
52,020 94,716 19,908
43,737
3,036,392 901,613 20,064 70,835
35,266 2,757
23,855 3,307
340,827 124,699 66,920 5,493
148,818 80,194
130,490

5,201,909 or
^,096,475

1808

£
14,020
46,976 184
123,950
1,780,396 195,257 3,629
15,829
35,148 2,473
17,187
109,331
258,480 42,208 19,620 582
41,030
37,566 62,804

2,804,707 or
12,452,899

EXPORTS TO THE UNITED STATES,

Articles,
I, British produce and manufactures, viz.
Brass and copper manufactures
Cotton goods . . - . -
Glass and earthen ware - - -
Haberdashery . - - . -
Hats 
Iron and steel . . - . -
Lead ------
Salt 
Silk manufactures - . . .
Linens - -
Tin and pewter - - . .
Woollens ,,
Otfaer articles - - . .
Total Britisfa produce, &c, - ~
2,' Foreign mercfaaudize - - -
Total exports - - - - £
Dolls.
Deduct imports . . . -
Balance againstthe U, States -

Years ending 10th October,

1806

£
84,004
4,401,112 163,242
299,040 90,389
661,3.32 46,756 93,664
447,484 125,015 68,498
4,894,008 342,076

11,716,620

458,875

12,175,495 or
54,059,197 15,577,651

1807

£
156,960
4,385,787 156,371
295,4^ 60,855
620,714 29,101 93,181
423,880 118,075 79,185
4,288,866 311,671

11,119,048

11,372,870 or
50,495,542
23,096,475

38,481,546127,398,066

1808

£
- 82,612
2,887,797 43,42546,672 4,940
260,798 35,45636,976 13,726
26,18942,967
1,994,902 242,155

5,718,615

65,788

5,784,403 or
25,682,749 12,452,899

13,229,850

•V
a
r
o
oS
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tdo
aCH
a>
M ID

-40 IS -1

828

APPENDIX— COMMERCE OF THE UNITED STATES,

Table Vlft, Showing the annual value of the several species of merpfaandize imported into the U,
Stales, tfae amount re-exported with allowance of drawback, and the "balance, or amount consumed
within the U, States, also, the annual amount of duties levied, drawbacks allowed, and net duties
collected on said merchandize, calculated on the average of the tfaree years ending Sept 30tb 1804

(J

\om Seybert's Statistical Annah.)

<

Articles imported.

Value im
ported.

Exported with al-
lovirance of
drawback.

On which
duties
were actu
ally col
lected.

Gross a-
mounl of
duty.

Draw back,

? Net duty.

Dolkirs.

Dollars.

Dollars.

DoUars.

DoUars.

Dollars.

Merofaandize paying ad valorem )
duties, 5
Nails and spikes.

39,489,590

4,411,332

35,078,258

5,177,824

560,232

4,617,542

479,041

34,982

444,059

75,776

5,375

70,401

Lead and manufactures of lead,

227,002

12,750

214,252

25,209

1,367

23,842

Steel, - . . - -

147,957

4,145

143,812

9,862

267

9,595

Beer, ale, and porter, ¦

76,020

2,118

73,902

13,822

374

13,448

Cfaeese, - - . -

77,150

40,767

36,383

21,601

11,015

10,586

Boots and shoes, - J -

101,300

11,331

89,969

15,278

1,668

13,610

Coal, - - - -

36,407

185

36,222

20,226

99

20,127

Salt, ....

771,996

6,283

765,713

727,152

165,199

561,953

Rum, .....

3,881,089

125,568

3,755,521

1,858,561

68,347

1,800,214

Geneva, ....

675,430

91,083

584,347

320,918

41,218

279,700

Brandy, ....

2,077,601

313,918

1,763,683

635,495

87,520

547,975

Wines, ....

2,962,039

810,348

2,151,691

986,730

260,662

726,068

Teas, ....

2,360,507

963,028

1,397,479

785,026

307,777

475,249

Coffee, ....

8,372,712

6,837,690

1,535,022

1,854,990

1,461,758

393,232

Sugar, - . . . .

7,794,254

3,821,965

3,972,289

2,560,712

1,223,107

1,337,605

Molasses, ....

1,930,592

8,112

1,922,480

321,765

1,305

320,460

Cotton, ....

804,125

748,831

55,294

96,495

86,715

9,780

Pepper, -• -

633,041

512,383

120,658

345,295

269,700

75,595

Indigo, ....

436,941

279,271

157,670

72,824

44,916

27,908

Cocoa, ....

310,773

132,289

178,484

41,187

17,021

24,166

Pimento, ....

71,927

35,227

.. 36,700

23,829

fl,33I

12,498

Hemp, .....

919,443

-

919,443

102,160

- -

102,160

All other articles.

680,000

166,493

513,507

102,360

24,974

77,386

Total,

75,316,937

19,370,099

55,846,838

16,195,097

4,643,997

11,551,1001

Table IX, Showing the average annual amount of several articles of foreign merchandize con
sumed in the United States at different periods.

Periods,

Foreign Spirits,

Molasses,

Wines,

Teas.

Coffee. I Sugar.

Average annual amount
from 1790 to 1792, ¦ -
from 1803 to 1812,

Galkns.

Gallons.

GaUons.

Pounds.

Pounds.

Pounds.

4,108,8026,833,193

5,423,1227,354,964

1,091,478 1,737,002

2,215,749
3,445,932

3,836,391
16,158,703

^397,370
54,396,470

Table X, Showing the amount of tonnage belonging to each of the United States in 1795, 1805, and 1815, and distinguishing the amount
employed in the foreign trade, coasting trade, and fisheries ; also the proportion of shipping belonging to each State, compared wittothe
-whole United States,

States,

1795,

1805.

I8I6. 1

ill

-a-o d
,ig u.a

-2 ,
il <^ce¦p a,
?^
3 °
w'"

Total,

1

&14
III;2§a

o Cl.-"
3 a u
a S.S
ll.a

-a
is"
a>-g
SI
P
Tons.

Total.

11
pr.ot, 2.0 .0
37.3 2,944
17,0 2.07.9 ,6
9,5 1.2
6,2
3,03,9." ,9

its 0)
9 a) T3
III
III

'2'S" ^ a be
Ut
ll.g

¦a
is
2 s
1!

Total,

ao
!

Tans.

Tons,

Tons. 534
32,538 240743 33

Tons.

pr.ot 2,6
34.7 3,6
4,7
17,3 1,2
12.2 ,6
9,3
7,0
2,5 4,0 ,6

Tans.

Thns.

Tons.

Tons.

Tons.

Tons. 1,721
34,298 6
1,749 478

Tons.

pr,ct_ 2.2
33.2 2,24,4
21,0 2,37.7 .7
11,2 1.6
5.23.0
2.3 1.1 1,3

New Hampshire,
Vermont,Massachusetts,* -
Rfaode Island,
Connecticut, New York,
New Jersey, - -
Pennsylvania,Delaware, ¦
Maryland, District of Columbia,
Virginia,
North Carolina,
South Carolina, -
Georgia,
Mississippi Territory,
Orleans Territory, -
Kentucky and Ohio,
Michigan Territory,

13,463
171,748 20,3.2723,549 93,421 637
83,623 t,290
48,00731,767 12,601
25,483 3,548

1,085
55,413 6,666
11,190
35,849 8,3107,3242,714
24,470 20,868 6,278
4,465 756
184,397

15,082
259,699 27,23335,482
129,303 8,947
90,946 4,004
7.2,47752,635 18,879
29,948 4,304

19,719 301
285,689 28,53129,563
121,614 1,293
77,238 1,715
62,004 8,512
37,674
22,576 35,107 8,592 8,361 845

1,693 2,279
89,89250,369 6,602 577
16,772 4,453
71,185 679
21,664 - -
11,000 - .
5,865 - -
46,035 - -
4,918 - -
33,138 - -
11,513 - -
9,144 - -
2,360 - -
872 - -

23,691 301
425,950 35.710
50,788
193,478 22,957 88,238 7,580
108,039 13,430
70,81234,089 44,251 10,952 9,233 845

24,532
299,298 29,01933,472
180,664 2,465
77,199 1,305
88,16111,280
31,152
25,82624,501 11,253
tl3,766 27
159

3,491
120,653 9,171
24,880
106,358 28,735
22,359 8,285
65,047 10,473
40,344 15,18512,667 4,035 145
t3,437 ¦ 392

29,744
454,249 38,19660,091
287,500 31,200 99,558 9,590
153,208 21,753
71,496
41,011
37,168 15,288 145
tl7,203 419 159

United States,

529,470

34,0951747,963

100,

749,341

332,66358,363

1,140,368

100,

854,294 475,664,38,16611,368,1271 100, |

Including Maine,

t Louisiana.

>
•nt^O
t
ost^pjow o
W2!
oOJ>
W

03 to

830 APPENDIX— POST-OFFICE ESTABLISHMENT,
Table XI, — Sho-wing the tonnage of the U, States each year, from I7ffl to 1820, distinguishing the
amount emyloyed in tfae foreign trade, coaating trade^and fisfaeries.

Foreigntrade

Coasting trade.

lisfaeries.

Total tonnage
of every de
scription.

Enrolled
EnroUed
Licensed
Years,
Registered tonnage.
Enrolled
tonnage.
Licensed
vessels un
der 20 tons.
tonnage em
ployed in
the Whale
tonnage em
ployed in
the Cod
vessels un-
der 20 torn
in the Cod
>
'
fishery.
fishery.
fishery.
* , „
1789
123,893
68,607
.
.
9,062*
- .
'601,562
1790
346,254
103,775
.
. .
28,348*
.
478,377
1791
363,110
106,494
. .
-
32,542*
-
502,146
1792
411,438
120,957
-
.
32,062*
.
564,437
1793
367,734
114,853
7,217
.
38,177
1,985
491,780
1794
438,862
167,227
16,977
4,139
23,121
5,549
628,816
1795
529,470
164,795
19,601
3,162
24,887
6,046
747,963
1796
576,733
195,423
22,416
2,363
28,509
6,453
831,900
1797
597,777
314,077
23,325
1,103
33,406
7,222
. 876,912
1798
603,376
227,343
24,099
763
35,476
7,269
898,328
1799
669,197
220,904
25,736
592
23,932
6,046
946,408
1800
669,921
24,5,296
27,196
651
22,306
7,120
972,492
I80I
718,549
246,255
28,296
7.36
31,279
8,101
1,033,218
1802
560,380
260,543
29,079
580
32,987
8,533
89^101
1803
597,157
268,676
30,384
1,142
43,416
8,396
949,147
1804
672,530
286,840
30,696
323
43,088
8,925
1,042,403
1805
749,341
301,366
31,296
898
48,479
8,986
1,140,368
1806
808,234
309,977
30,562
728
50,353
8,829
1,208,735
1807
848,306
318,189
30,838
907
60,689
8,616
1,268,548
1808
769,05^
387,684
33,135
724
43,597
8,400
1,242,595
1809
910,059
371,500
33,661
573
26,109
8,376
1,350,281
1810
984,269
371,114
34,-230
339
26,250
8,577
1,424,783
1811
768,852
386,258
34,103
54
34,360
8,872
1,232,502
1812
760,624
443,180
34,790
941
21,822
8,636
1,269,997
1813
674,853
433,404
37,703
788
12,255
8,622
1,166,628
1814
• 674,632
425,713
40,443
561
8,863
8,892
1,169,208
1815
854,294 ,
43.5,066
40,598
1,229
26,510
10,427
1,368,127
1816
800,759
479,979
42,185
1,168
37,879
10,246
1,372,218
1817
809,724
525,029+
. -
--- .
65,157i
1,399,911
1^18
608,088
549,374+
.
69,722±
-
1,165,184
1819
612,930
571,058+
- -
- -
76,782t
- -
1,260,751
~*These numbers include the enrolled tonnage employed in the Whale fishery.
t These numbers include the licensed vessels under 20 tons, employed in the coastings trade.
^ These numbera include all the enrolled and licensed tonnage employed in the fisheries.
S3a
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CO
spB0a-^s6d JO sayira
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lOiOCOCO'-'LOiOiOCOCDCO
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^sTrT'^t^co'> e* Oi m CD
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t-lT-C-t-t-t-t^t^t-t-t-COCOOOCOCOCOODCCCoScOCOCOCOCOCOCOOOCO
APPENDIX,— REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE UNITED STATES, 831

REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE OF THE UNITED STATES,
Table I, Shovring the expenditure of the U. Stales for each year, from the commencement of the
present government to 1815, on account ofthe military, naval, and Indian departments, public debt, &c.

i

Military
establish ment.

Indian
depart ment.

Naval de
partment.

?Foreign inter
course.

tCivil list.

Total,

Expendi
ture on ac
count of

t-

publicdebt Dollars.
DoUars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
Dollars.
1791
632,804
27,000
570
14,733
1,043,021
3,797,436
5,287,949
1792
1,100,702
13,648
53
78,766
572,905
8,962,9-20
7,263,665
1793
1,130,249
27,282
- -
89,500
460,316
6,479,977
5,819,505
1794
2,639,097
13,042
61,408
146,403
640,395
9,041,593
6,778,602
1795
2,480,-910
23,475
410,562
912,685
522,963
10,151,240
6,084,411
1796
1,260,263
113,563
274,784
184,859
658,458 679,370
8,-367,776
5,824,282
1797
1^039,402
62,396
382,631
669,788
8,625,877
5,792,421
1798
2,009,522
16,470
1,381,347
457,428
758,454
8,583,618
3,990,294
1799
2,466,946
28,302
2,858,081
271,374
863,460
11,002,396
4,596,876
1800
2,560,878
31
3,448,716
395,287
1,006,455
11,952,534
4,578,369
1801
1,672,944
9,000
2,111,424
W5,676
891,624
12,273,376
7,279,792
1802
1,221,148
52,000
915,561
550,925
• 997,443
13,270,487
9,539,004
1803
882,056
- -
1,215,230
1,110,834
794,692
11,253,983
7,203,444
1804
938,923
53,000
1,189,832
1,186,652
1,084,446
12,615,113
8,171,787
1805
768,281
141,000
1,597,500
2,798,126
1,052,423
13,598,309
7,369,889
1806
1,383,555
75,000
1,649,641
1,760,421
1,211,590
15,021,196
8,989,884
1807
1,388,285
104,825
1,722,064
577,825
1,190,560
11,292,292
6,307,720
1808
3,041,434
72,975
1,884,067
304,982
1,200,868
16,762,702
10,260,245
1809
3,470,772
212,503
2,427,758
166,305
1,148,331
13,867,226
6,452,554
1810
2,389,923
82,025
1,654,244
81,366
1,103,521
13,309,994
8,008,904
1811
2,122,828
61,875
1,965,566
264,904
1,177,430
13,592,804
8,009,204
1812
12,022,798
72,845
3,959,365
347,702
1,426,786
22,279,121
4,449,622
1813
19,747,013
72,358
6,446,600
209,961
1,606,484
39,190,520
11,108,123
1814
20,507,906
10,294
7,311,290
177,179
2,120,960
38,547,916
7,900,543
1815
15,208,704
111,750
8,660,000
290,891
1,210,645
25,522,089
12,628,922
1816
i - -
- -
-
- -
-
24,871,062
1817
- -
- -
- -
- -
27,358,671
* Including Barbary Powers,
t Including miscellaneous civil.
Table II,
Showing the receipts at the Treasury of the United States, for each year from the com
mencement ol the present government, to 1815.
1791 17921793 1794
17951706 1797179817991800
1801 1802
1803 180418051806 18071808 180918101811
1812 181318141815
Imposts Sl
tonnage.
Internalrevenue. Dollars. 311
209,060349,38630.1,138360,755
554,415 725,348696,343837,848
1,637,314 1,833,5531,056,306 473,401 620,647 608,245
884,628523,206 680,169
460,690 696,888
1,068,173 809,128887,351
5,072,079
8,269,541
Loans and
Treasury notes.
Miscella neous
receipts.
Aggregate amount of
receipts.
Jixcess of
receipts fi
ver expen
ditures.
Excess of
expendi
tures over
receipts, DoUars. 190,461 29,782
635,481404,447 194,886
788,806 37,616
6,093,753 1,175,780
3,669,483
Dollars. 4,399,4723,433,070 4,255,3064,801,065
5,588,461 6,567,787
7,549,649 7,106,0616,610,4499,080,932
10,750,77812,438,235 10,479,41711,098,56612,936,48714,667,69816,845,521 16,363,550 7,296,0208,683,309
13,313,222 8,958,777
13,224,623 5,998,7727,282,942
Dollars. 361,391
5,102,4981,797,272
4,007,9503,396,4i4 320,000 70,000
200,000
5,000,000 1,565,229
2,760,000
12,837,900
26,184,13523,327,826
35,264,320
Dollars. 10,167
17,828 48,230
326,701 170,117
1,297,926 413,783 176,265 98,515
130,602
361,123
1,501,251 111,278107,094- 15,960 7,604
84,112 11,970
117,160
- 179,602
- 208,052 97,737
253,006 429,668 6,673
Dollars.
4,771,3428,772,4586,450,1959,439,8559,515,768 8,740,329
, 8,758,7808,179,170
12,646,813
12,413,978 12,945,45514,995,793 11,064,097
11,826,30713,560,693 15,559,93116,398,019
17,060,661 7,773,473
12,134,21414,422,634
22,639,03240,524,84434,878,432 51,283,946
Dollars. 973,905
¦ 398,262372,552 132,903
1,544,416
. 461,444 672,079
1,725,306 538,734
5,105,726 297,959 830,029369,911
1,334,324
25,761,866
832 APPENDIX— PUBLIC DEBT.
Table III. — Sho-wing the aggregate receipts and disbursements of the Treasury from the 4th of
March, 1789, to the 31st of March, 1815.

Receipts. *

Expenditures. j

From imposts and tonnage
" internal revenue
" direct taxes
" postage of letters
" sales of public lands ,
" miscellaneous - . .
From loans ....
Total receipts ....

Dalkrs.
222,530,374 9,016,3424,476,826 747,388
8,658,369 1,590,001

Pay and subsistence ofthe army
Fortifications of posts and harbors
Other military expenses
Indian department ...
Naval department ...
Foreign intercourse*
Barbary powers . . . -
Civil list 
Miscellaneous civil ...
PubUc debt . . . -
On account of revolutionary gov- )
ernment - . . . ^
Total expenditure . . -
Balance in the Treasury -

Dollars.
88,270,562 4,374,805
4,983,611 1,338,040
J7,818,303 10,678,015 2,405,322
14,940,695 9,909,978
167,524,588 316,268

247,019,302 107,138,184

354,167,487

352,560,193 1,597,294

354,157,487

* Exclusive of Barbary powers.
Table IV. — Showing the receipts and disbursements of the Treasury during three years of war :
 viz. 1812, 1813, 1814. 

Receipts.

Expenditures,

From revenue
" loans
" treasury notes
Total

1812

9,801,132
10,002,400 2,836,500

22,639,032

1813

14,340,709
20,089,635 6,094,500

40,524,844

1814

11,500,60615,080,546 8,297,280

34,878,432

Civil and miscel
laneous
Military estab
lishment
Naval do.
Public debt

Total receipt^ for 3 years, $98,042,309.

1812

1,791,360
12,078,773 3,959,366
4,449,622

22,279,121

1813

1,833,308
19,802,488 6,446,600
11,108,123

Total -
Expenditure for 3 years, ,$100,017,557,

39,190,520

1814

2,337,897
20,510,238 7,312,899 8,386,880

38,547,915

PUBLIC DEBT,

Table I,-

-Showing the amount of public debt on the Isl of January in each

year, from

1791 to 181T.

Years.

Amount,

Years,

Amount,

Years,

Amount.

Years.

Amount.

Dolkirs.

Dollars.

Dollars.

Dollars.
1791
75,169,974
1798
78,494,165
1805
80,534,058
1812
45,035,123
1792
76,373,767
1799
77,399,909
1806
74,542,957
1813
55,907,452
1793
77,587,997
1800
81,633,325
1807
67,731,645
1814
80,986,291
1794
75,996,170
1801
82,000,167
1808
64,742,326
1816
99,824,410
1795
78,149,937
1802
78,754,668
1809
56,732,379
1816
123,016,375
1796
81,642,272
1803
74,731,922
1810
63,156,532
1817
118,822,865
1797
80,934,023
1804
85,353,643
1811
47,856,070
Table ll. — Showing the amount ofthe Evidences of the Public debt of the U. States, possessed by
Creditors within the U. States andin Foreign countries, on Ihe'Ist of January 1818.
(From Seyberfs Statistical Annak.)
Slocks.
Old six per cent.
Deferred six per cent. • -
Three per cent.
Exchanged six per cent,
LouisianaSix per cent, of 1812
Do, 1813
Do, 1814
Do, 1815
Six per cent. Treasury note
Seven per cent, do.
Five per cent.
Six per cent. 1796
Within the
U, States,
343,335
1,874,8096,056,208
2,408,909 2,648,200 5,684,318
19,505,253 10,633,865 8,076,897 1,118,712
8,247,8137,000,000 80,000
By the
British.
29,957
376,127
2,601,208 242,922
2,386,900 465,321
2,384,276 1,992,6631,327,788 138,313
360,416
By the
Dutch.
By all oth
er foreign-
310,918
1,464,663
3,765,721 13,000
5,013,400 12,600
373,300 72,71545,249 6,000
Total by
foreigners.
38,305
184,267
1,025,012 1,712
339,700 43,862
305,212 72,321
43,812 4,676 1,800
379,181
2,026,058 7,391,942 257,634
7,740,000 521,783
3,062,789 2,137,600 1,416,851 148,990
362,216
Total,
722,517
3,899,868
13,448,150 2,666,544
10,288,200 6,206,102
22,568,042 12,771,466 9,493,748 1,267,702
8,610,030 7,000,000 80,000
*73,678,322 I2,3a';,797 11,077,569 2,060,68325,444,049 99,022,372|
were owned by the States, 24,374,544 by incorporated bodies, anfl
*Ot this sum, 2,341, 66ii dollars
46,862, UB by individuals.