¦ ¦ . :• ¦ - . v . . ' gggg* ¦ataaga >:'-*-'- . - :: ; ¦¦ smmBmmmMnMf^::: YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Bought with the income of the ALFRED E. PERKINS FUND n; THE HISTORY OF $Btii&0or, AND ITS BY JAMES HAKEWILL, ARCHITECT. LONDON: PRINTED FOR EDMUND LLOYD, HARLEY STREET, CAVENDISH SQUARE. 1813. JLonOon ; PRINTED BY A. J. VALPY, TOOKE'S COURT CHANCERY LANE. 1813. TO THE Right Honorable HENRY JAMES LORD MONTAGU, irsrt* aaiotft IS, WITH A GRATEFUL SENSE of his LORDSHIPS UNVARYING KINDNESS, MOST RESPECTFULLY INSCRIBED. INTRODUCTION. iFirat Section* W indsor, a spot favored by nature with every combination of beautiful scenery, diversified with hill and dale, with luxuriant forests and verdant meadows, animated by the windings of a noble river, selected for the residence of the sovereigns of England, and enjoying for centuries the support and presence of a rich and elegant court, would naturally present a pleasing field of research to the gentleman, the historian, the antiquary, and the artist; b VI and such are the strong incitements which have given rise to the present work. The history of a structure, which forms, as it were, a part of the national magnificence, seems necessarily to involve a certain circuit of the country of which it is the central object, and this has been accomplished (to give connection and regularity to the descriptions) by four distinct tours or progresses, involving such local histories as appeared to claim insertion, and the decorative part has been preferred, from the interest excited either by the antiquity or picturesque effect of the several subjects. The immediate neighbourhood of Windsor, from its necessary connection with the court, from the beauty of the country, and the salubrity of the air, would be early enriched with the residences of the great and opulent, but the same causes have operated to diminish much of those remains, which contribute to adorn the site of less attractive situations. The decays of time have in most cases, been almost imme diately repaired ; the caprices of fashion, or the dawnings of a better taste, have been constantly employed in altering those features, which give character and consequence to the mansions of many of our nobility ; for in such a country as this, no residence would remain long untenanted ; its Vll natural beauties are too striking to escape notice, too desirable to meet neglect. Here hills and vales, the woodland and the plain, Here earth and water, seem to strive again ; Not chaos-like, together crush'd and bruis'd, But, as the world, harmoniously confus'd ; Where order in variety we see, And where, tho' all things differ, all agree. Pope. There, too, was established that earliest order of knight hood, which may be said to have been the origin of those chivalrous distinctions, which have so long added, and still continue to add, to the splendor of the courts of every European nation, and which, through all the intermediate changes and chances of time, amid the downfal of thrones and ruin of states, has retained its consequence, its dignity, and original superiority, to the day that is passing by us. In the consideration of its history, we shall view the progress of man from ignorance and barbarity, to the cultivation of science and the enjoyment of the arts of refinement and elegance ; from the ferocious warfare of Vlll unprincipled power, to the reign of justice and reason ; from the bigotry of crafty superstition and the slavery of despotic rule, to the enlightened and unshackled dominion of true religion and the enjoyment of civil liberty. " The natural effect of the whole contemplation, whilst we rejoice in such advantages as we have now obtained beyond our predecessors, will be to excite in our minds still further efforts, for the promoting the increase of good order, arts, science, industry, and ingenuity, and of whatever may tend to the general welfare of mankind, and to the higher enjoyment of future ages." 1 The ground work of any subsequent* History of Windsor and its Castle must be Pote's account of it, published in 1749. No common pains were taken in producing that publication; and, as a collection of historical facts and documents, it enjoys the full estimation it deserves ; but even that is now a scarce book. This volume will be found to contain all the essential parts of Mr. Pote's History, with an account of every material 1 King's Munimenta anticjua. IX circumstance relating to Windsor since the date of that publication. To Mr. Lysons, acknowledgments must be necessarily due from any one who has undertaken to consider those parts of the kingdom, which have already been the objects of his curious, accurate, and able research. The author of the Architectural Antiquities has afforded us essential assistance ; and in every thing relating to the royal farms, we are much indebted to Mr. Kent's letter to the Society for the Encouragement of Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce. Many of the nobility and gentry, residing in the vicinity of Windsor, have assisted us with valuable communications ; and we have much pleasure in gratefully acknowledging our more particular obligations to Lord Montagu, Lord Braybrooke, and Mr. Crutchley, to Mr. Penn, Mr. Granville Penn, Mr. Blane, and Mr. Dawson, to Mr. Blagrove, the Rev. Wm. Warrington, and Mr. Seeker. In the earnest hope of gratifying curiosity by authentic information, and affording pleasure by accurate description, this work is now most respectfully presented to the public. SeconD Section* Our subsequent pages will detail the history of what Windsor has been, and what it now is ; and it may not be improper to bestow a few lines upon the consideration of what it might be. As a royal residence, it has all the requisites of situation, extent, and antiquity ; and for the opportunity of state pageantry, the arrangement of the apart ments, and the connection of the various divisions of the Castle, give ample scope. But something is yet wanting to accommodate the demands of private comfort, and some thing may yet be added to external grandeur. For the enjoyment of the exercise of riding or walking, without exposure to the gaze of those whom national respect and personal attachment will always lead to attend the move- XI ments of the Royal Family, the means are now no-where to be had at Windsor, and we would therefore recommend, that that portion of the little park, which immediately fronts the east terrace, should be inclosed for that very desirable purpose ; a wall being erected from the north east angle of the Castle across the north terrace, and the east terrace reserved to the exclusive use of the Royal Family. The southern boundary wall of the pleasure ground would run in a line with the south front of the Castle ; and at the eastern extremity, might be placed the royal stables. The advantage of this proposed improvement to the residents in the Castle seems great and desirable ; the inconvenience attendant upon its execution, trifling ; and the use and enjoyment of it, immediate. For increasing the external grandeur of the Castle, altera tions rather more material present themselves ; but as they consist almost entirely of the removal of buildings, which, from the late increased accommodations of the Castle, would not require to be supplied by others, no consideration of expense would prevent their adop tion. Xll We would first recommend the entire removal of the lower lodge, and of those few houses which would interfere with the completion of the original design of entering the upper ward, in a direct line from the stately avenue of elms in the Great Park, commonly called the Long Walk. Imagination cannot picture an approach of greater mag nificence, produced by circumstances which ages alone can bring about, and of which ages alone can produce a rival. It is not possible to dissent, too strongly from the scheme for altering the entrance to the upper ward, by opening a gateway to the westward of the Maids of Honor, or Devil's Tower. If the turn for carriages on entering or leaving this court, (the only plea for this alteration) be now too abrupt, the grass plot might be sacrificed to this necessary purpose, although the inconvenience would be greatly remedied, even by the adoption of the pro posed new approach, which should not be less than one hundred and fifty feet wide, and might be flanked by dwarf walls, the line being broken at intervals by gothic niches, forming the shelter of the sentinels on guard. xm The alterations which we have here ventured to suggest should be commenced with a spirit, not of little, tempo rary, and contracted substitution, but of liberal and expand ed improvement ; they should be planned with a forcible recollection of the effect which the distant view of the Castle must have had upon the traveller, and with a conside ration, that as it is the object of his ultimate regard, it should impress him on his near approach with increased emotions of respect and admiration. Passing from the upper to the lower ward, we come upon a building which has long disgraced its neighbourhood, and its original purpose of a guard-room being now more pro perly answered by the application of the town-gate to that service, we should rejoice to witness its removal. For the accommodation of the numbers who weekly press to view the Sovereign, the ostensible head of the Church establishment, proceeding to give his personal attendance on the ceremonial of our holy religion, we will venture to recommend, that the Chapel of the Royal Cemetery should XIV become the principal approach to their Majesty's closet, an entrance being made at the South East angle. By this arrangement might the public be gratified without inconve nience or unmannerly pressing, (unavoidable in the con fined space of the present approach,) and the courtly procession receive additional solemnity. There is but one other improvement which we think it necessary to notice, and as it may be thought to abridge some portion of the comforts of those, who have not received of this world's goods a more than mode rate share, we do it without urging its adoption, though we think it necessary to mark its propriety. This is, the removal of the gardens in the horse-shoe-cloister, and the laying the space down with gravel, to give more room for marshalling religious and military pro cessions, and an opportunity of viewing with greater ease and advantage the beauties of the west end of the Chapel. Alpha, Regent's Park. SUBSCRIBERS. His Royal Highness the Prince Regent. Her Royal Highness Princess Charlotte of Wales. His Royal Highness the Duke of York. Her Royal Highness Princess Elizabeth. Her Grace the Duchess of Buccleugh, Montagu G. Blackshaw, Esq. Hawthorn Hill. House. H. Mackenzie, Esq. Portland Place. Right Hon. Lady Douglass, 16, Bruton Street. Sir J. B. Walsh, Bart. Warjield. The Hon. Miss Townsend, Windsor Castle. John Penn, Esq. Stoke Park. The Right Hon. Lord Viscount Ash brook, Granville Penn, Esq. ditto. Beaumont Lodge. The Right Hon. Lord Montagu, Ditton Park. Right Hon. Lord Braybrooke, Billingbear. Right Hon. Lord Boston, Hedsor. William Dawson, Esq. St. Leonard's Hill. John Wood Nelson, Esq. Upton. Sir Theophilus Metcalfe, Bart. Fern Hill. K. Mackenzie, Esq. Portland Place. B. Torin, Esq. Englefield Green. J. Neave, Esq. Binfield. James Beale Bonnell, Esq. Pelling Place. John Blagrove, Esq. Ankerwyke. D. Raymond Barker, Esq. Montagu Square. Robert Graham, Esq. Harley Street. Thomas Hope, Esq. Duchess Street. George Powney, Esq. Bishopsgate. Daniel Agace, Esq. Ascot Place. Sir R. Bateson Harvey, Bart. Langley Park. G. H. Crutchley, Esq. Sunning Hill Park. Colonel Taylor, Windsor Castle. XVI G. H. Vyse, Esq. Stoke House. David Scott, Esq. Sunning Hill. The Hon W. H. Irby, Brightwell Court. Captain Hobson, High Street. M. Duffield, Esq. Hinde Street. Sir Henry Martin, Bart. R. Hall, Esq. Portland Place. G. Purling, Esq. Hertford Street. G. Simson, Esq. Sunning Hill. Francis Hartwell, Esq. ditto. John Townley, Esq. Park Street, Westminster. William Blane, Esq. Winkfield Park. Lieut. Gen. Sir Brent Spencer. Augustus Schutz, Esq. Sunning Hill. George Ellis, Esq. ditto. Right Hon. Lord Grenville, Dropmore. Rev. Dr. Cookson, Binfield. D. Burton, Esq. Newcastle Street. R. C. Bazett, Esq. York Place. Lord Grey, Twickenham. Earl Harcourt, St. Leonard's Hill. Hon. and very Rev. the Dean of Windsor, Windsor Castle. Hon. Augustus Phipps, Harley Street. C Smith, Esq. Portland Place. H. Hakewill, Esq. Lower Brook Street. Mrs. Pauncefort, Queen Anne Street. John Seeker, Esq. Windsor. Lionel Place, Esq. Waddington Hall. Right Hon. Earl Mulgrave, Harley Street. Right Hon. Dowager Lady Harcourt. A. J. Valpy, Esq. Tooke's Court. P. Williams, Esq. Eton. Hon. and Rev. R. B. Stopford, Windsor Castle. D. P. Watts, Esq. Portland Place. Martin Pearkes, Esq. Upper Harley Street. William Mitchell, Esq. Harley Street. H . Harford, Esq. Down Place. J. Morris, Esq. Baker Street. Rev. Dr. Stephens, Devonshire Place. Right Hon. John Sullivan, Richings Lodge. I. Halliday, Esq. Great Mary-le-bone Street. Sir C. Mordaunt, Walton, Warwickshire. R. Farquhar, Esq. Portland Place. T. Marsham, Esq. Baker Street. H. Littledale, Esq. Wimpole Street. Earl Harewood, Harewood Place. Archibald Spiers, Esq. Elderslie House, Renfrew, North Britain. INDEX TO THE PLATES. Windsor Castle from Eton play fields - - - _ Frontispiece. 1st Large plan ~\ 2nd Small plan J To face Page 1 South West View of Windsor - - - _ - - 48 North Terrace, Windsor Castle, looking Westward - . - - 52 View from the North Terrace, looking Northward - - _ -121 Lower Ward, Windsor Castle - - - _ _ jgg Map of the Neighbourhood of Windsor - 205 LangleyPark ... - - - - 222 Stoke Park - - - - - _ __ 254 Windsor, from High-standing Hill - _ _ 27a St. Leonard's Hill - - 283 Frogmore - - - - . . _ _ ggg Beaumont Lodge ---___ 303 View from the Upper Grounds, Beaumont Lodge - 394 St. Anne's Hill, from Egham Hill - - - - 306 Sunning Hill Park - - - - _ --S11 View from Cliefden - - - - _ - - 3]Q Windsor Castle from Brockhurst meadow - - _ . 335 Ditton Park .... _ ^qq Old Windsor Church Yard ----- . 33Q TO THE VIGNETTES. Round Tower, Windsor Castle - - - - 70 Entrance to the New Commons - - - - - - 105 xvin Eton College Chapel - - - - - - - 211 Eton Play fields - - - - - - - 215 Upton Church - - - - '- - - - 217 St. Leonard's, — The seat of William Dawson, Esq. . . - 285 Grotto at Ascot Place - - - - - - - 293 Sandpit Gate .... ... 295 Hermitage in Frogmore Gardens - - - - - - 302 Monkey Island ....-- 324 Piers of Datchet Bridge - - - - ... 327 Ancient Tower of Ditton House .... _ 329 Princess Elizabeth's Cottage - - ... 332 Magna Charta Island - - 336 History OF WINDSOR. :*o Si References to tfie Lower Ward. ^L J? Ceirrqes C3ix3pel. P GitarcL Souse. B. Thwricks ChdpeL. Q ~Wi>1sq*s Tornb Souse. ~uie Tuzaer part now C. RuSartcL €haf>el. preparrno for a. Royal Cenxetrj: D. Chapter Souse . R. Tietctensarts Tower, E. Choir. S. Rodainxis of j£tms Rhx^qJcts. F. Srcqf CfuupcL, T Gov ernor of Aims Rhfahtr. C. SP2£arys or the Reerafurb Chanel. V Carters Sad-. H. Apartnherds of 2fznor Canons. TX RortersTodoe (Or Castle Rriron, caRed I. Julius Cassarr, or Red Tower. flit. Town Cote, tile Cujzrd Room, above J. .Aptf of Canons-. them now appropriated to the use of K. Gxrums Cloister. the JTO~\'eyor of the Ivories. L. Deans Cloister. W Chancellor of Carters Tower. M. Deanery. X. Sir Trances G-aruzs Ruddznos. 3T wfaLchester Tower. T. Carters Tower. 0. Powder Tower. Z. Sorseshoe Cloister. References to the Round ' a. Red Chamoa "b. Drawing Room,. c. Dtiuiu} Room,, A. Armoury. e. Bed Cfuanben £ OpervGntrt. d. . Deputy CavernonrS? Housekeepers ApajimenL: JfcaU> &f\* kr QTaetlc ^RffcrcHcr to (lie Upper Ward. 7. g0. 10. 27. Q-ueen. > '¦' '< --¦¦¦"'> . The Closet ZA/tti room to itie Lionov. F. Library (l. p" II D° Teaduiq to anoffier -under (hum EluzabeiJis (ittReri- I. Admirals room.. Kl Bnclc (Jbio't li. Porters Lodge. M. oRars kCWuxs N. Horn. (mat. O.AntLK&am,. T. PcUfesRooni, Q. Wardrobe. H.Red Chamber S. ThtLaracr. H.TIuiRbtxhen lT ThePldtttehau V ThcPtadry. W.Eiudten. Cintrt \X. Rqueruv dwmoRoom. THE 3|tetori> OF WINDSOR. W indsor is a borough and market-town, situate in the hundred of Ripplesmere, at the eastern extremity of the county of Berks, and at the distance of twenty-one miles from the metropolis. It covers a bold brow on the banks of the Thames, and has ever had the addition of New, to distinguish it from Old, Windsor, an agreeable village in the neigh- bourhood, which has long lost the consequence it originally possessed. It appears indeed from the ancient account of it, that it contained, in the reign of William the Conqueror, no less than a hundred houses, twenty-two of which were exempt from taxes, and, according to the expression of the times, out of the rest there went thirty shillings. It appears, when the Domesday Survey was made, that the spot, on which Windsor now stands, was neither a parish nor a manor; as the castle, which had been lately erected by William the Conqueror, A was within the parish and manor of Clewer, a village about a mile to the west of it, of which it had been a chapelry ; and that it then con tained a hide of land, being a parcel of that manor. Camden conjectures, that it derives its name from the winding shores of the river that flows in a meandring course beneath it. Hence he supposes, and the circumstance justifies the supposition, that it received from the Saxons the denomination of Windleyhopa. Thus, in ancient records, the place was written Wyndleshora, from Avhich there is a small deviation by Leland, who calls it Windelesore, and long since it has been contracted into Windsor, the name which it has borne through the subsequent course of several centuries. Having been distinguished as a favorite residence of our Monarchs, it became the seat of an extensive honor, as well as of the most noble order of the Garter. The earliest notice of Windsor appears in an instrument of donation made by Edward the Confessor, whereby he grants this place, among other lands, to the monastery of Saint Peter, Westminster ; wherein it is declared that the king, "for the hope of eternal reward, the remission of all his sins, for the souls of his father and mother, and all his progeni tors, and to the praise of Almighty God, has granted as an endowment and perpetual inheritance to the use of the Monks there that served God, Wyndleshora, &c. with all its appurtenances."- ¦" Ego ipse pro spe retributionis aeternae, et pro remissione delictorum meorum, et pro animis patris mei et matris mere, et omnium parentum meorum, ad laudem omnipotentis Dei, posui in dotalitium et perpetuam haereditatem, super altare varia ornamentorum genera, qui bus ecclesia serviretur, vel in quotidianis, vel solennibus ministeriis, et ad usus fratrum inibi Deo ser- ventium, -de meo jure quod mihi soli competebat, absque ullius recla- matione vel coritradictione, (inter alia) Windlesoram, cum omnibus ad se pertinentibus."' 1 Monast. Angl. vol. i. p. 61. s The Monks, however, were not permitted to remain long in pos session of this grant of the Confessor ; for William, in the first year of his reign, was so pleased with the attractive beauties of this situation, its convenience for the pleasures of the chase, the pureness of the air, and its vicinity to woods and waters, as the charter expresses it, that he wished to possess it with the view of forming a forest. He therefore gave the Monastery in exchange for it, Wakendune, in Ceaford Hundred, in the province of the East Saxons, or Essex, and a house called Feringes, in Lexedene hundred in the same province. The charter, which regulates this exchange, is addressed to William, bishop, and Swein, sheriff. But, by subsequent charters, having, as it may be supposed, added lands to Feringes, he confirms it as a manor, and afterwards grants to that place, and Wakendune, very ample privileges and im munities. Nor did he delay to render this spot subservient to the purposes for which he obtained it ; as he appears to have employed the utmost expedition in erecting a mansion or castle, which is described as being placed on the summit of the hill. He also formed parks and forests of great extent around it, for the accommodation of his favorite amusement of hunting, and framed a very rigid code of laws for the preservation of deer, as well as of every kind of game. It is said, indeed, that in the fourth year of his reign, 1070, he kept his court, and ordered a synod to be held there at Whitsuntide.1 In the year 1072, it also appears that he held a synod at Windsor, when the province of York was declared to be subject to that of Canterbury.1 William Rufus likewise kept his Whitsuntide there in the year 1095 ;' his Christmas,4 in 1096, and celebrated Easter in 1097.5 It is certain that Henry the first kept his Christmas at Old Windsor, in " Sax. Chron. 1 Holinshed. 3 Ibid. * Eadmer. s Sax. Chron. 4 1105;' and Easter in 1107.2 It is therefore to be presumed, as the greater probability, that the Conqueror and his son Rufus kept the festivals, already mentioned, at the same place ; as the castle seems to have been designed rather for a military post by William, than a royal residence. It does not, indeed, appear to have acquired the latter character, till the reign of Henry the first, who is recorded to have strengthened, beautified, and enlarged the castle with many fair buildings ; and that in the tenth year of his reign, he summoned his nobility thither, when he celebrated the feast of Pentecost there, for the first time, with great splendor and magnificence.' This monarch was married at Windsor to his second queen Adelaide or Adelicia, daughter of Godfrey, Duke of Lovain, in 1122 :4 in 1127, he kept his Whitsuntide at Windsor, when David, King of Scotland, and the English Barons, swore fealty to the Empress Maud, the King's daughter.5 There is no reason to suppose that Windsor Castle sustained any siege in those wars ; but on the peace which followed, it, being then considered as the second fortress in the kingdom, was entrusted to the care of Richard de Lucy.6 When Richard the first engaged in his romantic expedition to the Holy Land, he appointed Hugh de Pudsey, Bishop of Durham and Earl of Northumberland, one of the regency during his absence, and gave the Castle of Windsor to his care and custody. That nobleman made it the place of his residence, on account of its strength ; till his ambitious colleague, William Longchamp, Bishop of Ely, then also Lord Chancellor, insidiously obtaining possession of his person and retaining him in prison, compelled him to surrender it.7 In consequence of the agreement which took place in 1191 > between the King's brother i Sax. Chron. '- Ibid. ' Ibid. + Ibid. 5 Sax. Chron. and Rennet's Parochial Antiquities. 6 In a charter of peace between King Stephen and Duke Henry, afterwards Henry the second this castle is called Mota de Windesor. 7 John Brompton. Earl John, and the Lord Chancellor, the King being still in Palestine, the castle of Windsor was delivered in trust to the Earl of Arundel.' When, however, the account of King Richard's imprisonment arrived in Eng land about two years after, Earl John took possession of this castle, which was in a short time surrendered to the Barons, who were in the interest of the King.1 By a subsequent treaty it was consigned to the custody of Eleanor the Queen Dowager.5 Maud, daughter of Reginald de St. Valery, who possessed the Isle of Man, and wife of William de Braose, a powerful Baron, having made her escape from a castle in the county of Meath in Ireland, was seized by order of King John, on his subjugation of that island, and sent prisoner to Windsor Castle, Avhere her resolute conduct so inflamed the inhuman monarch, that he suffered her and her son to be starved to death.4 King John kept his Christmas at Windsor, in 1212 ;J and in 1215, he took refuge in the castle, as a place of security against the growing power of the Barons : nor did he quit the protection which its walls afforded him till the signature of Magna Charta; which great event took place on the fifteenth of June in that year, at Runnymede, a spot on the banks of the Thames, between Windsor and Staines, as the Barons had refused to attend the King's summons to attend him in his own castle. The King, however, continued to reside at Windsor for some time after this memorable ceremonial. On the renewal of the war, the castle was garrisoned, in the course of the following year, by William Earl of Salisbury, and Faukes de Brent, who commanded one of the King's armies employed to subdue the Barons.6 In 1216, the castle was besieged by a numerous army on the part of the Barons, under the com mand of the Earl of Nivernois, but was successfully defended by sixty Holinshed. 2Ibid. 3 Ibid. * Holinshed and Kennet's Parochial Antiquities. Holinshed. ° Ibid. 6 Knights and their followers, who were commanded by Captain Inglehard de Achie, against the repeated assaults of the besiegers.' It appears that Henry the third added a barbican or outwork to strengthen the castle.1 Matthew Paris relates, that in 1264, during the war between Henry and the Barons, Prince Edward garrisoned Windsor Castle with foreigners, who in a great measure destroyed the town, and did much injury to the adjacent country.3 In the same year it was given up to the Barons, and the King issued an order that Eleanor the wife of Prince Edward, with her daughter and all her household, should, with out delay, retire from the castle.4 In a short time afterwards it was again garrisoned for the King, and given up by Prince Edward to Simon de Montford, Earl of Leicester,1 who appears to have placed Geffrey de Langele there as Governor, as on the patent roll of the year 1263, there appears a safe conduct for one Geffrey, who had held Windsor Castle against the King.6 On the same roll is the appointment of Sir Drugo de Barentine, as Keeper of the castle, and a summons from him and other Knights, who had defended it, to attend the King in London, on business of importance. The Castle of Windsor, how ever, was never for any length of time out of the King's possession, and in 1265, the principal citizens of London were committed thither, and remained as prisoners till they had paid the fines to which they had been sentenced, for their adherence to the Earl of Leicester and his rebellious adherents.7 Four of the royal issue of Edward the first and his Queen Eleanor, were born in this castle, which appears to have been a favorite resi dence of that monarch. Thus, by the royal favor and presence, New Windsor increased in its population, and grew into a considerable town. ¦Mat. Paris. * Esch. H. 3. 'Holinshed. * Pat. 48. H. 5. ' Mat. Paris. R Pat. 48. H. 3. 7 Holinshed. As an additional mark of the royal regard, in the year 1276, and in the fifth year of his reign, this prince granted his charter to this place, by which it was declared to be a Free Borough, with various privileges to its inhabitants. This instrument, which is here given at large, is in the Bodleian Library among Mr. Dodsworth's manuscript collections. " Edwardus, Dei gratia, &c. salutem. Sciatis quod concessimus pro nobis et Haeredibus nostris, quod villa nostra de Nova Windesore, de caetero Liber Burgus sit, et quod probi homines nostri ejusdem villae, et eorum HaeTedes et successores liberi Burgenses sint, et Gildam Mercatoriam habeant, et eisdem Libertatibus et liberis Consuetudinibus utantur in eodem Burgo, quibus alii Burgenses aliorum Burgorum nostrorum in regno nostro ration abiliter usi sunt, et quod quieti sint de Theoloneo praestando, in omnibus Burgis, et Villis, et Dominiis, per totum reg- num nostrum predictum, et quod habeant porcos suos proprios de pannagio, quod dicitur Fencake, quietos in Burgo predicto. Et quod justiciarii nostri, in comitatu Berks itinerantes, tam ad Communia Placi- ta, quam ad Placita Forestarum, Itinera sua de cetero teneant in eodem Burgo. Et etiam quod Capitalis Gaola nostra ejusdem comitatus sit in ipso Burgo liberatio dicta Gaole semper facienda ibidem. Quare voluimus et firmiter precipimus, &c. His testibus, &c. Dat. per manum nostram apud Windsore, 28 Die Maii, Anno regni nostri quinto." Henry the sixth, in the seventeenth year of his reign, granted a charter which confirmed that of Edward the first, by the literal insertion of it. Another of the same King, in the twenty-third year of his reign, conveyed several privileges to this town ; and both of them are preserved among its archives. Edward the fourth, in the seventh year of his reign, granted a charter to this borough expressed in the following terms. " Concedimus Ed- mundo Fury, nunc Majori, necnon Thomce Shernan et Willielmo Stephen Ballivis dictae Villec de Nova Windsor, et habitantibus ejusdem Villa?, 8 quod ipsi Burgenses et Inhabitantes, de caetero sint, in perpetuum unum corpus in re et nomine, et Una Communitas perpetua corporata, de uno Majore et duobus Ballivis, ac Burgensibus ejusdem villae, ipsique Major, Ballivi et Burgenses et successores sui per nomine Majoris, Balli- vorum et Burgensium de Nova Windsor, placitare et implacitari, &c." It appears by the recorded transactions of the Burgh and its Corporation, that these Burgesses were especially selected from the principal inha bitants of the place. These Burgesses were originally the King's tenants, as appears by a charter of Edward the fourth, granted in the second year of his reign. — — " Sciatis quod cum Edwardus nuper Rex Angliae primus post Con- questum, concesserit pro se et Haeredibus suis quod Villa sua de Nova Windsor, deinceps Liber Burgus esset, et quod probi homines sui ejusdem Villae et eorum Haeredes et Successores, Liberi Burgenses essent, et Gildam mercatoriam haberent, &c." In the fifteenth year of Henry the seventh, the twenty-third of Henry the eighth, and the third of Edward the sixth, successive charters or grants of privileges were made to this Borough, which also form a part of its Archives, and whereby former charters are fully confirmed. The trading guild, fellowship, community, or fraternity, with the pri vileges belonging to it, was, in those times, says Brady, in his history of Burghs, the constitution of a Borough, consisting of a select number of persons, distributed into several ranks and orders, with certain appro priate offices and duties : and the entire fraternity or fellowship of the Guild of New Windsor, according to the ancient usage or custom of the town, is explained and confirmed by a charter of James the first, dated August 26, 1602, and in the first year of his reign. In this charter, the name of the Burgh or Corporation is continued under the description of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of New Windsor. By the same instrument, twenty-eight, or not above thirty of the best and most 9 worthy inhabitants of the Burgh, are appointed to be the number of the Fraternity of the Guildhall of the Burgh, and to be the Common Coun cil of the same, and to be the assistants of the Mayor and Bailiffs, in its affairs and government. Of these twenty-eight or thirty brethren, thirteen were to be called Fellows or Benchers of the Guildhall, of which ten were to bear the title of Aldermen or chief Benchers, from whom the Mayor is to be chosen, while the Bailiffs are to be elected from the brethren of the Burgh. In the civil wars which troubled, and may be said to have terminated, the reign of Charles I. and during the usurpation which followed, Windsor participated in the common disasters of the nation, both as a corporation and a royal residence. The ancient charters and privileges of the former were not only disregarded, but trodden under foot, while the latter was not only plundered and despoiled, but converted into a prison for the confinement of a monarch who had lived there, as so many of his royal predecessors had done, in all the splendor of sovereign power. On the- restoration of the Royal Family and the kingdom to its ancient order and uniform government, Windsor was frequently visited by Charles II. and on February 9, in the sixteenth year of his reign, that monarch was pleased to grant the corporation a new charter, by which he confirmed all the ancient rights and privileges by the name of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of Windsor. This instrument we shall give at large : " Insuper voluimus ac per presentes ordinamus, et de uberiori gratia nostra speciali pro nobis, haeredibus et successoribus nostris, concedimus et confirmamus, praefato Majori, Ballivis et Burgensibus et successoribus suis, quod in perpetuum sint et erint in Burgo predicto viginta octo homines, vel aliquis alius numerus> non excedens numerum triginta in numero, tantum de melioribus et probioribus inhabitantibus ejusdem Burgi de tempore in tempus in hujusmodi modo et forma eligendos et B 10 constituendos, sicat ex antiquo et temporibus retroactis secundum ordinal tiones, usus et consuetudinem Burgi illius, antehac usi fuerunt aut consue- verunt, qui erunt, vocabuntur et nominabuntur fratres Guildhall Burgi de Nova Windsor, ac sic continuabuntur et permanebunt in fraterni- tate ilia, quamdiu sese bene gesserint in eadem ; nisi interim pro aliqua causa rationabili ab officio et loco predictis amovebuntur, aut eorum aliquis amovebitur. Qui quidem fratres sic in forma superius specificatij electi, prefecti et nominati facient et erunt, et in perpetuum futuris temporibus vocabuntur Commune Concilium Burgi predicti pro omnibus rebus, materiis, causis et negotiis Burgum predictum ac bonum regimen, statum et gubernationem ejusdem Burgi tangentibus sive concernentibus, ac erunt de tempore in tempus assistentes et auxiliantes Majori et Ballivis ejusdem Burgi pro tempore existentibus, in omnibus causis et materiis eundem Burgum tangentibus, sive concernentibus. Voluimus insuper ac per presentes pro nobis haeredibus et successoribus nostris ordinamus et concedimus, quod ex numero predicto fratrum Guildhaldce Burgi predicti sic ut prefertur electorum et prefectorum eligendorum et prefi- ciendorum tredecim eorum in perpetuum de cetero erunt, et vocabuntur ac nominabuntur socii, anglice, Benchers, Burgi predicti. Ac etiam erunt et perpetuis futuris temporibus vocabuntur et nominabuntur socii, anglice, Benchers of the Guildhall, infra Burgum predictum ac in forma inferius in presentibus mentionata de tempore in tempus eligentur et constituentur. Ex quoque quidem tredecem sociorum numero sic electorum et prefectorum eligendorum decern eorum in perpetuum de cetero erunt, vocabuntur et nominabuntur Aldermanni sive primarii socii, anglice, Chiefe Benchers, Burgi illius. Qui quidem Aldermanni, sive primarii socii, anglice, Chiefe Benchers, Burgi predicti de tempore in tempus eligendi et constituendi in forma inferius in presentibus men tionata et expressa, de tempore in tempus eligentur et constituentur. Ex cmoque quidem decern Aldermannorum numero unus annuatim 11 eligetur in officium Majoris Burgi predicti, modo et forma inferius speci- ficatis, et officio suo Majoris Burgi predicti peracto deinde perpetuis futuris temporibus erit, vocabitur et nihilominus remanebit unus de Aldermannis sive primariis sociis, anglice, Chiefe Benchers, Burgi pre dicti. Et ulterius voluimus, ac per presentes pro nobis haeredibus et successoribus nostris ordinamus, quod de cetero in perpetuum sint, et erunt in Burgo predicto duo Ballivi in numero tantum de fratribus Burgi predicti in forma his Uteris patentibus specificata eligendi et constituendi, &c. &c. &c." James II. in the first year of his reign, granted a new charter to this town, containing reservations and restrictions which narrowed and limited certain privileges granted by former sovereigns. The two following are sufficient to mark the spirit with which it was composed. " Provided always, and we do reserve full power and authority to us, our heirs and successors by these presents, from time to time, and at all times hereafter, to amove, and to declare to be amoved, the Chief Steward, Recorder, Mayor, or any other or others of the Bailiffs, Aldermen, Benchers, and younger Brethren of the borough aforesaid, by these presents named and appointed, or hereafter to be elected and appointed at the will and pleasure of us, our heirs, or successors, made in Privy Council, and signified to them respectively under the seal thereof; and as often as we, our heirs and successors, shall, by any such order of Privy Council, declare such persons or officers for the time being, or any or either of them to be so amoved from their respective offices, that then, and from thenceforth, all such persons or officers, or any or either of them for the time being so amoved, or declared to be amoved from their respective offices, shall, ipso facto, and without any further process, be really removed to all intents and purposes whatever; and so often as the case shall happen, any thing to the contrary notwithstanding." It also recites,— 12 " That this charter shall hold good, notwithstanding any rights en joyed by reason or pretence of any charters or letters patent by the Lord Edward the First, formerly King of England, or by the Lord Edward the Fourth, late King of England ; or by the Lord Henry the Sixth, late King of England ; or by the Lord Henry the Seventh, late King of England ; or by the Lord Henry the Eighth, late King of Eng land ; or by the Lord Edward the Sixth, late King of England ; or by our most dear grandfather, James, late King of England ; or by our most dear brother, Charles the Second, late King of England, in any wise heretofore made, confirmed or granted." Thus the town and corporation of Windsor, though confirmed in some of the advantages which they had hitherto enjoyed, were fettered with the chains of a bigoted and arbitrary policy. It is said, in Pote's History, that this charter of James II. was repealed at the Revolution ; but there are no indications in the records of this borough, that such a repeal was obtained ; and such an act could not have taken place without sufficient notices remaining of its being claimed, granted, and carried into execution. On the contrary, it appears, that the corporation, at the period of the Revolution, availed themselves of the favorable circumstances of that important event, to pass a sentence of oblivion on the obnoxious charter of James II. and to revert at once to that of Charles II. by the regulations of which, under the following form, they have since continued to be constituted, and have administered their municipal concerns and duties. " There shall and may be twenty-eight men in number, or any other number not exceeding thirty, to be elected and constituted out of the better and more substantial inhabitants of this Borough : and to be called Brethren of the Guildhall of the said Borough : thirteen of the said twenty-eight or thirty Brethren to be called Benchers, and ten of those Benchers to be called and styled Aldermen; and out of the num- 13 ber of these ten Aldermen, one to be annually chosen Mayor, or Chief Magistrate of the said Borough, and when his said office of Mayor is finished, he is to remain or be one of the Aldermen or Chief Benchers, till such times as he may be re-chosen Mayor." " There are likewise two Bailiffst to be chosen out of the younger Bre thren, annually, by the Mayor and Aldermen." " The Mayor, Bailiff's, and Burgesses, are to choose one eminent and discreet man, to be the Capital or High Steward ; and also one other discreet and learned man, to be the Under Steward and Common Clerk of the said Borough : and they also have the power to make bye-laws, rules, and ordinances, for the more due and better government of the said Borough." " The Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, are to have and hold within the said Borough, one Court of Record every Monday, in every week, before the Mayor, Aldermen, and Bailiff's, and Under Steward, or at least three or more of them, of whom the Mayor is to be one. This Court may hold all manner of pleas, actions, suits, and demands, as well personal as mixed ; of all manner of trespasses, by force of arms, and all other trespasses ; and of all manner of debts, pleas upon case, accounts, debt upon covenant, detaining of charters, writings, immunities and chat tels ; of taking and detaining beasts and cattle, and all other contracts whatsoever, and of all causes and things emerging, or hereafter happen ing to emerge, within the said Borough, the suburbs, liberties, and pre cincts thereof; although the said trespasses, debts, accounts, covenants, deceipts, detentions, or other contracts, do amount or do not amount to, or do exceed, the sum or value of, forty shillings ; and such pleas, plaints, suits, and actions, shall be there heard and determined before the Mayor, Aldermen, and Bailiffs, &c. or any three or more of them, of whom the Mayor, for time being, must be one." " The said Mayor, Aldermen, Bailiffs, and Under Steward, or any three 14 of them, the Mayor always being one, may in open court nominate and appoint, as many discreet and fit men to be Attornies to attend the Court of Record, as shall seem reasonable to the said Mayor, Aldermen, &c. so that the number do not exceed four." " There are two Justices of the Peace for the said Borough, the Mayor being always one during the time of his Mayoralty, and the other is either one of the Aldermen or the Under Steward, nominated yearly by the younger Brethren, and elected by the Aldermen and Benchers ; and the said Justices have power to hold Sessions, in the same manner and form as all other Justices in the Kingdom." " The Mayor is, likewise, Clerk of the Market, in such manner, that the Clerk of his Majesty's Household shall in no wise concern himself with the assize of bread, wine, or ale, &c. within the said Borough or the Pre cincts thereof; nor shall he presume to enter the said Borough, to exe cute any thing relating to his office." " There is likewise granted by the said several Kings of England and Great Britain, to the said Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, a power to have a market on Saturday, in every week throughout the whole year ; and also three fairs yearly, the first beginning at the feast of St. John the Baptist ; the second at the feast of St. Edward, which is a fortnight after the feast of St. Michael, and the third on Tuesday in Easter Week ; and each fair to continue two days ; that is, the day of each feast, and the day after : and the said Mayor to have the power to hold a Court of Fie Powder during the said fairs, to determine any differences or disturbances which may happen in the said fairs, between the merchants and tradesmen, &c. toge ther with all tolls, stallage, pickage, fines, and amerciaments belonging to the said fairs, &c." " The Mayor is Coroner of the Burgh, and has power to summon juries, take inquest, and to execute in all cases, the office of Coroner, within the said Burgh and liberties ; and the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, have 15 likewise power to erect a gaol ; and the Bailiffs of the Borough are the keepers of the said gaol, who have return of all writs of assize, as of all other, and all manner of writs, bills, and warrants, &c. of the King's Majesty ; and all summons, estreats, and precepts, &c. of the Exche quer, and the estreats and precepts of the Justice in Eyre ; as well as pleas of the forest, as common pleas of other justices whatsoever : and also of attachments, as well as of pleas of the crown as others, in the said Borough, suburbs, and precincts thereof: and the execution is to be made by the said Bailiffs for the time being ; so that no Sheriff, Under Sheriff, or other minister belonging to the Crown, shall enter into the said Borough, suburbs, or precincts thereof, to do any thing or things relat ing to their office or offices, unless in default of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, Sec." " The corporation also pays into the receipt of his Majesty's Exche quer, or to those to whom it is granted, ten pounds per annum for all their lawful privileges, franchises, immunities, quittances, executions, and jurisdictions, they formerly have enjoyed, or do at present enjoy, by any incorporation, or any lawful custom or prescription to them and their successors for ever." " The corporation pays also, annually to the Crown, the sum of four pounds five shillings and threepence farthing, as a quit-rent for the Manor of Windsor, or Windesore, which they hold by charter of King Charles II. including all and singular the messuages, mills, houses, edifices, buildings, barns, stables, pigeon-houses, orchards, gardens, curtillages, lands, tene ments, meadows, pasture grounds, commons, demesne lands, wastes, bush-wood, furzes, leas, marshes, woods, under-woods, tythes of sheaves of corn, grain, hay, wool and lambs, and all other tythes whatsoever, as well great as small : and also oblations, obventions, fruits, profits, waters, fisheries, &c. ; with all jurisdictions and hereditaments, by whatsoever names they are called or known to be, situate, lying, or being, arising, 16 growing, or emerging, within the County of Berks, in the said manour, except, nevertheless, the right of the King, his heirs and successors, to all advowsons, donations, and right of patronage, of all and singular, churches, vicarages, chapels, and ecclesiastical benefices whatever, belonging to the said manour and premises." * These large and ample privileges evidently prove with what particular regard and favor, those princes, who so graciously granted them, consi dered this place of their residence ; till at length it grew under their suc cessive protection, into its present state of populousness, extent, and con sideration. The town consists of several streets, the principal of which are paved and lighted by a rate levied on the inhabitants, by an act passed in the ninth year of his present Majesty. Castle-street is on the east, Prescod- street on the west, High-street on the south, and Thames-street on the north, all of which meet or terminate in the middle of the town, where a handsome cross once stood, which was erected in the year 1380, and the fourth year of Richard II. It was repaired and surmounted by a crucifix, in 1635, by Godfrey Goodman, Canon of Windsor, and after wards Bishop of Gloucester. This addition to it gave great offence at the time, and was the probable cause of the whole being demolished in 1641. — Some of its inferior parts however escaped the popular rage ; but they were entirely removed soon after the present Town-hall was built, and no vestiges of it now remain. The spot, indeed, where it stood, still retains the denomination of the structure itself, in common with some of the principal towns of the kingdom ; in which the tradition is preserved of their having been decorated with similar symbols of the religion of former centuries. All proclamations 1 The Manour of Windesore, as described in the charter of Charles II. includes the Queen's Lodge and Gardens, and the boundary, passing down the High-street to the Thames, takes the course of the river to Datchet. 17 and municipal notices continue to be read and published on the spot where the cross stood.' The Guildhall, or Town-house, which is a handsome structure, is situate in a principal part of the town, and supported with columns and arches of Portland stone. It was erected in the year 1686, from the design of Sir Thomas Fits, Surveyor of the Cinque Ports, at the expense of two thousand and six pounds fourteen shillings and fourpence, defrayed by the corporation, except the sum of six hundred and eighty pounds, seven shillings, and sixpence, which was subscribed by the following gentlemen. William Child, Doctor of Music <£20 0 0 James Graham, Esquire Theodore Randue, Esquire ••• • Chiffinch, Esquire • Richard Graham, Esquire •¦• ¦ Richard Reeve, Esquire £20 0 0 100 0 0 175 0 0 100 0 0 50 0 0 100 0 0 Mr. Wilcox 10 0 0 Charles Aldsworth, Esquire • • • • 50 0 0 Mr. Peter Welch 5 7 6 Mr. Meystnor 20 0 0 James Paule, Esquire 50 0 0 680 7 6 The Hall, or Court-room, where the corporation meet for the trans action of public business, is spacious and convenient. It is decorated * All proclamations, 8tc. continued to be read and published, among other places, on the spot in St. Paul's Church Yard, where the Cross, called Paul's Cross, once stood. 18 with the portraits of the Sovereigns Charles I. Charles II. and James II. of William III. Queen Mary, and Queen Anne : to which may be added those of George Prince of Denmark, Prince Rupert, Archbishop Laud, and Theodore Randue, as well as of other benefactors to the town. In the year 1707, the corporation, as a mark of their grateful and venerating regard for her Majesty Queen Anne, who made Windsor the place of her summer residence, erected her statue, in the robes, and bearing the insignia, of royalty, and placed it in a niche at the North end of the structure. Beneath, in the frieze of the entablature of the lesser columns, is the following Inscription : ANNO REGNI SUO VI.0 DOM. 1707. ARTE TUA SCULPTOR, NON EST 1MITAB1LIS ANNA ; ANN-2E VIS SIMILEM SCULPERE? SCULPE DEAM. S. CHAPMAN PRJETORE. ERECTED IN THE SIXTH YEAR OF HER REIGN, 1707. Sculptor, thy art is vain. — It cannot trace The semblance of the Royal Anna's grace ; Thou may'st as soon to high Olympus fly, And carve the model of some Deity. S. Chapman, Mayok. 19 In another niche on the South side, is the statue of Prince George of Denmark, her Majesty's Royal Consort, in a Roman military habit, with this inscription beneath it : Serenissimo Principi Georgio Principi Dania Heroi omni sasculo venerando, Christopherus Wren, Armiger, Posuit MDCCXII1. In the Area, under the Hall, is held the weekly market. On the East side of the High-street stands the Parish Church, an ancient and spacious structure, dedicated to Saint John the Baptist. It is a vicarage, in the deanery of Reading, and diocese of Salisbury. It formerly belonged to the Abbey of Bisham, in the county of Berks ;' and in various changes, to which ecclesiastical, as well as lay estates, were subject, it was afterwards transferred to Waltham-Abbey, in Essex,1 but is now in the patronage of the crown. — It was originally a chapel to Clewer. 3 It contains some remarkable monuments. That of Thomas Pagett, Esquire, one of the Barons of the Exchequer, who died in 1638, has bustos of himselfand his lady, Nazareth, daughter of Robert Harris, of Reading : she had been already married twice ; and after surviving her last husband twenty-eight 3"ears, died in 1666, at the age of eighty- eight. The monument of Topham Foot, Esquire, who died in 1712, is decorated with a busto of the deceased, by Scheemaker. That of * Dugdale's Monasticon, torn. 3. 1 Leland's Collect, torn. 1. 3 The organ belonged to the Collegiate Chapel of St. George, and was presented to the parish by his Majesty, when he caused a new instrument to be erected in that choir. 20 Rebecca, daughter of Sir George Southcot, of Dartmouth Castle, who died in 1642, is by Marshal. But the principal monument is that which was erected to perpetuate the memory of the learned Sir Thomas Reeve, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Common Pleas, who resided at Windsor, and died in 1736. It was erected at the expense of Dr. Mead, and is distinguished by the bustos of the Chief Justice and his lady, by Scheemakers. The inscription was written by Doctor Friend. Juxta hunc locum, Una cum uxore situs est Thomas Reeve, Eques Auratus, Plumtonia in Agro Northamptoniensi, Patre Ricardo Arm. oriundus, Londini vero natus ; Qui in Collegio S. S. Trinitatis apud Oxonienses Disciplinis Liberalibus excultus, Ad patrii Juris Studium sese convertens, In Medii Templi Societatem adscribi voluit, Ubi inter Adsessores Lectus Quaestorque factus est : Anno autem MDCCXVII. e concilio Domini Regis, Dein Anno MDCCXXH. Attornatus Generalis Pro Ducatu Lancastrensi designatus, Utrumque munus summa integritate administravit ; Donee A.MDCCXXXIII. in Judicum Ordinem de Banco, A potentissimo principe Georgio secundo evectus est, Cui Fidem suam adeo adprobavit Ut demum MDCCXXXV. Equestri dignitate ornatus, Sine sua ambitione vel gratia aliorum, Curiae ejusdem Capitalis Justiciarius Ipsique a secretioribus Consiliis constitueretur. Vir acumine ingenii Morumque probitate Pariter insignis, nee ceteris vita? officiis, In quibus versabatur, minus spectatus, Quam in jure dicundo aequi rectique studiosus. 21 A.MDCCXII. Arabellam Johannis Topham Hujus Parochiae Armigeri Filiam, Et Samuelis Foot Mercatoris Londinensis Viduam, Lectissimam Foeminam in Matrimonium duxit. Qua XII. Cal. Oct. A. MDCCXXXII. tristi morte abrepta, Ipse Maritus semper amantissimus XIV. Cal. Feb. A. D. MDCCXXXVI. aetatis suae LX. Magno sui desiderio Relicto decessit. Ricardus Mead Archiater Uxoris Cognatus Utriusque optime de se meritis hoc Monumentum D. S. P. F. C. There are memorials also of Sir Thomas Reeve, of Holy port, heir of the Lord Chief Justice, who died in 1777; the families of Braham, Starkey, Foot, Hale, Topham, and Litton ; and a tablet to the memory of the late celebrated physician and excellent man, Doctor William Heberden, who died in the year 1801. * — Nor can we pass unnoticed the inscription which Doctor Foster, one of the first scholars of the age in which he lived, and for some years Master of Eton School, himself wrote, to distinguish the grave where his ashes repose, in the church yard of the place which gave him birth. Hie jaceo, Johannes Foster, S. T. P. Vindesoriae natus anno Domini 1731 ; Obii anno 1773. 1 Doctor Heberden had a house at Windsor, near the Castle, which has been lately purchased by his Majesty for the residence of the Princess Charlotte, daughter of His Royal Highness the Prince of Wales. 22 Litems, quarum rudimenta Etonae hauseram, Cantabrigiae in Coll. Regali excolui, Etonae postea docui. Qui fuerim, ex hoc marmore cognosces. Qualis vero, cognosces alicubi ; Eo scilicet supremo tempore, Quo Egomet, qualis et tu fueris cognoscam. Abi viator, et fac sedulo Ut ibidem bonus ipse tunc appareas. * ' Doctor Foster was the boast of Eton during his education there, and may be ranked amon» the most eminent scholars which that illustrious seminary has produced. His father was a trades man of Windsor, and its vicinity to Eton probably induced him to give his son the advantages which would be derived from his being placed there. Nor was it long before he gave a more thau common promise of that scholastic distinction, which he afterwards attained. The Reverend Septimus Plumptree, who had deservedly the reputation of being among the first Greek scholars of his time, was at that time one of the assistants at Eton, and took Foster under his immediate care and protection. He was also warmly patronised by Doctor John Burton, the very learned Vice-Provost of the College, and he continued to advance in reputation for superior scholarship, till he was elected to King's College, Cambridge, in 1748, a place to which, as Mr. Pote observes, in his advertisement to his Registrum Regale, Eton annually sends forth her ripe fruit. Here he diligently pursued his studies, and increased his literary reputation, under Doctor George then Provost of King's College ; of which he became a Fellow, as is usual at the expiration of three years. But he was soon called to be a Master where he had been a Scholar. That eminent and highly-distinguished character, Doctor Edward Barnard,' on his appointment to be Head 1 Doctor Barnard possessed unrivalled qualities for the situation which he had been chosen to fill and so long adorned. He had that power of impressing his dictates and opinions on his scholars, which lessened the necessity of the detestable practice of corporeal correction. He knew how to awaken love and create fear with admirable address. Boys, who would have been hardened by the infliction of punishment, trembled at his rebuke. There was beside, a dignity in his manner, and a liberality in his conduct and sentiments, which illuminated classical instruction and instilled the principles of a gentleman. He had large acquaintance with men and manners, and as he preferred to work by persuasion, he possessed in a superior degree the power of employing it. He gave up his whole mind to the duties of his important situation ; and those distractions and discontents which may be occasionally expected to break forth, in a school so constituted, and numerously composed, as Eton, and which his predecessors had continually experienced, were restrained by the wise policy of his government, though the school greatly exceeded in the number of its scholars any period of its establishment, previous to his administration of it. On the death of Doctor Sleech in 1765, he was appointed Provost by his present Majesty, and by his weight in the College, procured Doctor Foster to be his successor as Head Master. 23 The great tithes of Old and New Windsor were successively appropri ated to the Monasteries of Waltham Abbey, Chertsey, and Bisham, and Master of Eton College, selected Mr. Foster to be one of his assistants. This was no small honor, and no ordinary testimonial of his learning and capacity. Such a mark of preference, from such a man, was in itself sufficient to stamp the character of the person who was so fortunate as to be the object of it. Tn classical attainments, and the learning connected with them, the man did not exist who was better qualified for his situation ; and though he was not so familiar with the great writers of his own age and country as his distinguished predecessor, he was very apt, and he must be supposed to have been judicious in his introduction of them, to illustrate similar passages of antiquity, and notice the conformities of kindred genius. Judicious observations, happily insinuating the principles of a correct taste, and exciting a love of virtue, were daily suggested by Doctor Foster. His favorite, above all productions of Roman poetry, was the Georgics of Virgil ; though, in a detached view, he considered many of those parts of Lucretius, where the philosopher drops his Epicurean subtleties, and soars into the poet, as perfect models in diction and sentimental harmony. He highly estimated the nervous character and original manner of Plautus. But his superior admiration was excited by the Orations of Demosthenes. The glow of invention, the chastity of diction, the skill and energy of argument, the powers of composition, and the noble enthusiasm of that great orator, he felt, analysed, and represented, in a manner suited to his strong and acute discrimination, and his consummate knowledge of the Greek language. He was of the same opinion as Blackwall as to the style of the New Testament, at least so far as to vindicate many expressions, which have been erroneously suspected of barbarism, by the purest authorities. Of the divine morality of those sacred writings, and the advantage of an unmixed, authoritative system of morals, he was a strenuous assertor. He was a sincere lover of that virtue which he taught and practised; and what ever in ancient or modern history was calculated to cherish the spirit of social duty, and the sense of unbending rectitude, he never failed to impress on the minds of his scholars, and to suggest as the subjects of their exercises. Indeed, his zeal in these great points of education could not be excelled, and the judgment with which he displayed it, has not often been equalled. His memory was great, and, joined to a clear and firm intellect, prevented any embarrassment in his ideas from the great extent of his reading. He was a strict disciplinarian ; severe against all immoral conduct, inexorable when he discovered meditated deception, and considering the deviation from truth to be an act of baseness, which it would be equally wrong to pass without correction as to commit. If his knowledge of the world was that of a man who had lived more in his study, and in the discharge of professional duty, than in the social habits of life ; if it was not in his temper, or his talents, 24 are now the property of Henry Isherwood, Esquire. The Vicarage House was the benefaction of William Evington, in 1487- Two hundred to break forth in flashes of wit, or to emit a brilliance of thought ; if he wanted the more striking advantages of exterior deportment, he had a simplicity of manners, a composed, self- possessing gravity of demeanour, and an unaffected benevolence of heart, which attracted the esteem of those who love the milder virtues, can distinguish latent excellence, and had the opportunities of knowing, by intimate communication, that Doctor Foster was amply possessed of them. But learning is not the only requisite qualification for the management of such a school as Eton. Other qualities are necessary, to constitute the character suited to such an important and difficult charge. He, unfortunately for himself, succeeded a man, who pre-eminently possessed all the requisite talents for his situation : the comparison was replete with disadvantage to the successor of Doctor Barnard ; and not being able to adopt his mode of management and regula tion, he rested upon, and employed, the severity of discipline. He therefore became unpopular among his scholars : the inferiority of his birth, which would never have suggested itself, if he had rendered himself beloved, was a circumstance that helped to augment dislike, and dispose the higher classes of his scholars frequently to display a contempt for his person, and sometimes to resist his authority. After an irritating contest, in which he felt the severest anxieties and mortifications, and wherein his health suffered, and the school was threatened with a diminution of its scholars, he judged it best to resign, and withdraw himself from a situation which he found himself unable to support. He did not, however, retire without his reward, which his anxious, well-intended, though unsuccessful endeavours, well deserved. His Majesty, on the death of Doctor Sumner, in 1772, bestowed on him a canonry of Windsor. Being advised, from his ill state of health, to have recourse to the waters of the German Spa, he visited that place, where he died in September of the following year. There his remains were interred, but afterwards removed to Windsor, and re-deposited near those of his father. Doctor Foster published, in 1 762, an Essay on the different Nature of Accent and Quantity, with their use and application in the pronunciation of the English, Latin, and Greek Languages ; containing an account and explanation of the ancient tones, and a defence of the present system of Greek accentual marks, against the objections of Isaac Vossius, Henuinius, Sarpedonius, Doctor Gaily, and others. In this learned Essay, which sufficiently exalted his character as a scholar, not only superior acuteness, and variety of learning, are conspicuous, but justness of composition, an animated elegance, and an exemplary candor. Many of his Exercises are extant, which are among the finest effusions of the Etonian Muses 25 pounds was also given by Theodore Randue, Esquire, for the augmenta tion of the Vicarage. On the North side of the church-yard is a Free-School, erected in the year 1706, for the reception of thirty boys and twenty girls, who are clothed and educated by the interest of various legacies, assisted by a subscription of the inhabitants. Theodore Randue, Esquire, gave five hundred pounds ; Doctor Hale, five hundred pounds ; Richard Topham, one hundred pounds ; and Lord Chief Justice Reeve, one hundred pounds, towards its support and maintenance. February 15, 1503, John Thomson and William Huntred, Chaplains, and John Combe, gentleman, founded an Alms-house in Sheet-street, for eight men and women, which, in the year 1510, was endowed by Thomas Brotherton, otherwise Hunt. The revenue of this Alms-house, which has been augmented by Richard Gallis, amounts at present to about thirty- five pounds per annum. The pensioners, who are now twelve in number, receive each ten shillings per quarter. Thomas Jenkinson, of New Windsor, gentleman, bequeathed by his will, about the year 1596, five acres and a half of land, in the parish of Ruscomb, Berks, called East Mead, and the eyot for ever, that the rents and profits thereof should be distributed amongst the poor inhabitants, by the Mayor, and the three senior Aldermen, and Minister for the time being. Thomas Needham, gentleman, of the parish of New Windsor, left also by his will, in the year 1603, to the Vicar and Church-wardens, and their successors, for ever, three houses in New Windsor, two near the Church-gate, and one in Peascod-street, for the relief of twelve poor persons not living in the Alms-houses ; they being to receive the same every Sunday after morning prayer. Thomas Aldem, gentleman, in 1604, gave a close near Puttocks gate, in this parish, for the purpose of erecting a pest-house. D 26 It appears by a decree of the commissioners for charitable uses, held in the vestry of the parish-church of Clewer, April the 6th, Anno Regni septimo Jacobi primi, that one John Phippes, owner of a tenement in Moor-street, and of a tenement and four acres of Land at Clewer, his heirs, executors, &c. should stand chargeable with the following payments : — Ten shillings to be paid quarterly to the poor of New Windsor ; six shillings to the two poorest couples that shall be married within the year ; and three shillings and fourpence to the church, payable at Easter : which several sums were decreed to be in full of the benefactions designed by the last Will of Henry Franklin, made Anno 17°, Reginae Elizabeths. William Larde, in 1618, gave to the poor of this parish, out of the garden next to the pest-house, three shillings and fourpence per annum. Doctor Challoner, Rector of Agmondesham, in the county of Buck ingham, gave by his will, about the year 1621, after the decease of Christian his wife, an annuity of six pounds, out of his estates in East Oakley, Fifield, and Bray, to be distributed half-yearly to twelve of the godliest poor of this parish, to foe named by the Dean of Windsor, the Mayor, and parochial Minister. Arthur Windsor, Esquire, of Bentley, in the county of Southampton, by his last will, bearing date August 2, 1653, did give and bequeath unto the Dean and Mayor of New Windsor, and their successors and assigns for ever, the sum of two hundred pounds ; and appointed the same to be laid out in the purchase of lands, or to be preserved as a stock, whereby the poor might be employed in weaving cloth ; which money was accordingly received, and a rent-charge of fourteen pounds per annum, was in lieu thereof charged upon Windsor-mill, which mill being sold and conveyed to her Majesty Queen Anne, by the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses of New Windsor ; they by deed, dated June 24, 1705, settled a like rent-charge of fourteen pounds per annum, to be for ever issuing 27 and payable out of the butcher's shambles, in the market-place of New Windsor aforesaid. William Day, son of Matthew Day, Alderman of this Town, gave a house and garden, in Peascod-street, by a deed dated August 16, 1664, the issues and profits thereof to be distributed among the poor inhabi tants, by the Mayor and three senior Aldermen : also four acres of meadow-ground, by a deed bearing date July 28, 1668, called Mead- Hay, in Langley, in the county of Buckingham, to the Mayor, three senior Aldermen, and Chamberlain, to the same intents and pur poses. Richard Gallis, of this parish, gentleman, gave by indenture, dated July 30, 1666, a legacy to this corporation, with which was purchased Munday-Close, lying between Woodbridge-lane and Moat-park, in this parish ; the revenues of which he assigned to the support of seven Alms houses, and appointed the corporation to be the trustees. Doctor John Heaver, Vicar of this parish, one of the Canons of the Collegiate Chapel of Windsor, and Fellow of Eton College, gave fifty pounds, of which sum he ordered the interest to be applied towards apprenticing poor boys in the parish. Mrs. Agnes Urmston, in the year 1671, gave four acres and a half in Meadfeld, in the parish of Langley, in the county of Buckingham., to purchase bread for the poor, and named the Church-wardens to be the dispensers of this donation. Archbishop Laud gave fifty pounds per annum to this parish, to be employed two succeeding years in apprenticing poor boys, and every third year in giving marriage portions to poor maidens of the town of Windsor. This charity was carried into execution by Sir John Robinson, and others his executors, as appears by the deed of settlement, bearing date October 2, 1672. — Theodore Randue, Esquire, having given the sum of one thousand pounds in augmentation of Archbishop Laud's 28 charity, his executors, by a discretionary power vested in them, added two hundred and fifty pounds, with which joint sum an estate was pur chased, out of the rents whereof fifty pounds per annum is disposed of in the following manner ; — Ten pounds, two succeeding years, to five boys, who have been apprenticed by Archbishop Laud's charity, and duly served their apprenticeships : and every third year the same sum to three maidens, born in Windsor, who have faithfully lived in one service during three whole years. The parish bought of Francis Ridley, Esquire, of Windsor Castle, for thirty-six pounds, by indenture dated May 20, I67S, one acre and a rood and a half of meadow, lying in Mead-Hay, in the parish of Langley Marsh, in the county of Buckingham. The profits to be applied, under the direction of the corporation, as trustees, to the use of the poor for ever. Katherine Carey, late wife of John Carey, Esquire, of Stanwell, in the county of Middlesex, by a deed dated August 1, I673, gave one hundred pounds, to be distributed to six poor widows, at the discretion of John Carey and Giles Gent, Esquires. John Carey, by a deed dated December 20, 1679? also charged an Annuity of six pounds per annum, for ever, on the Catherine-wheel, at Colnbrook. The election of widows of this parish to be in the Mayor and Burgesses, in a Common Hall held for that purpose. Richard Reeve, of Dagnell, in the county of Buckingham, gentleman, by a deed dated October 11, 1676, gave to this corporation a close of pasture ground, in the parish of Wingfield, in the county of Berks, con taining five acres of land ; the profits of which the corporation and overseers are to hold in trust, and to nominate fifty poor people, who receive no other charity, to whom they are to pay yearly, on the 12th day of January, and on the same day in July, one shilling in bread ; all to continue during their lives, and their vacancies to be supplied by the trustees. 29 He, also, by a deed dated August 20, 1688, gave four brick tenements, or alms-houses, near the Pitt's Fields, with the gardens, for the use of four poor men or women, during their lives, unless they should be removed for any heinous crime ; to be elected by the Mayor, two senior Aldermen, Chamberlain, Vicar, and the two senior Church-wardens, within two months after any vacancy, and upon their default, the election to lapse to the Dean and Canons of Windsor. The persons to be elected are to be upwards of fifty years of age, members of the Established Church of England, and not to marry after their election on pain of expulsion. The same person, also, by his last will, dated December 9» 1688, gave two hundred pounds, to purchase lands, for the support of the alms houses ; and one hundred pounds towards finishing of the new market- house of this corporation. William Galland, late of New Windsor, gentleman, by his last will, dated April 13, 1693, gave three pounds per annum, out of a house, called the Three Tuns, near the Market-house, to be paid at two half- yearly payments, and laid out in bread for the poor, at the discretion of the Mayor, and the three senior Aldermen, the Church-wardens, and Overseers of the poor. Mrs. Margaret Osborne, by her last will, gave twenty-five pounds towards founding of a stock of corn and coals, for the poor of the parish, and appointed the corporation to be the trustees. William Child, Doctor of Music, Organist of his Majesty's Chapel Royal, at Whitehall, and of his Majesty's Free Chapel, at Windsor, during the long term of sixty-five years, gave, in the year 1696, fifty pounds to this corporation, for such charitable uses as the Mayor, &c. shall think fit ; with which they have settled an annual charge of five pounds towards binding one poor boy apprentice yearly. 30 Mrs. Mary Parker, 1704, gave one hundred and twenty pounds towards building the charity-school in this parish. Mrs. Elizabeth Metcalfe, of Isleworth, in Middlesex, widow, by her will, dated October 14, 1709} gave eighty pounds ; the interest of which is to be given to four poor house-keepers, not receiving alms ; two to be elected by the Vicar, and two by the Overseers, to be paid in half-yearly payments. John Clark, late Mayor of this town, by his will, dated December 27, 1710, gave sixty pounds towards building the charity-school in the church yard, or elsewhere, as the trustees shall think fit. By a codicil, also, dated February 4, 1711-12, fifty shillings more was charged on his dwelling-house, in New Windsor, to be paid eight days after Shrove- Tuesday, to twenty poor house-keepers, not receiving alms ; at the discretion of the Minister and Church-wardens for the time being. Theodore Randue, Esquire, by his last will and testament, 1724, gave to the charity-school of this parish five hundred pounds ; for augmenting the Vicarage two hundred pounds ; also to the corporation of New Windsor, the sum of one thousand pounds, for an addition to Archbishop Laud's charity ; to which his executors, Richard Topham, Esquire, and the Reverend Doctor Jones, Canon of Windsor, by a discretionary power in his last will, made a farther addition of two hundred and fifty pounds. With these twelve hundred and fifty pounds, the corporation purchased a land estate in Wingfield and Bray parishes, and annually dispose of fifty pounds in the following manner. — To five boys, who were put apprentice by Archbishop Laud's charity, and have duly served their respective times, ten pounds each; and every third, the same fifty pounds, is given equally to three maidens, born in Windsor, who have faithfully lived in one service three entire years : the young men and maidens are elected by the corporation, in the same manner as is regulated by Archbishop Laud's donation. 31 Richard Hale, M. D. 1738, gave to the charity-school five hundred pounds. Mrs. Barbara Jordan, 1730, gave to three old maids, not receiving alms, each one pound per annum. Richard Topham, Esq. by his last will and testament, 1730, gave five hundred pounds to build a Workhouse, to employ the poor ; and one hundred pounds to the charity-school ; also eight pounds per annum for ever, to be thus divided at Christmas : and ten shillings to twelve poor house-keepers, not taking alms of this parish ; and ten shillings each to four poor persons legally settled in Mr. Richard Reeve's alms-houses. Mrs. Arabella Reeve, 1732, gave five hundred pounds to complete the Workhouse, designed by her brother Richard Topham, Esq. and six pounds annually, for ever, on the l6th of November, to six poor widows lame or blind, born in -and inhabiting this parish. The trust to be vested in the corporation. Also, one hundred and twelve penny loaves annually, on the 20th of May, to one hundred of the poor people of the parish, according to the direction of the churchwardens and overseers. The Right Honorable the Lord Chief Justice Reeve, completed the Workhouse, and in the year 1736, gave one hundred pounds to the charity-school.1 'Donations to New Windsor Charity School. Mr. John Porter, brewer and an alderman of this borough, by his will, dated the 4th of January, 1711, gave the sum of twenty shillings a year forever, out of his dwelling-house in Priest-street, in New Windsor, to be paid at Easter to the charity-school. Mr. George Pyle, master bricklayer to Windsor Castle, gave, by a deed, dated the 29th of January, 1713, seven acres and a half of arable land, with the appurtenances, situate in the parish of Winkfield, Berks,, to the said school. Thomas Rutter, Esq. one of the aldermen of Windsor, I769, left eleven hundred pounds in the three per cent, consols, to the charity-school. Mrs. Mary Gregory, in 1772, left fifty pounds to be laid out in bread annually on the 10th of September. This sum is in the three per cent. reduced, in the names of Samuel Parker, F. Burtt, Charles Jarman, as trustees. Richard Benning, Gent, by his last will and testament, 1795, gave one thousand pounds stock in the four per cent, consols, to the treasurer and managers of the subscription school in Peascod-street, Windsor. Also, four hundred pounds to the treasurers and trustees of the charity-school, for the uses of the said schools respectively. John Marratt, Esq. of the parish of Clewer, in the county of Berks, by his will, dated December the 16th, 1795, gave among other things in the following words : " Also, I give and bequeath unto the vicar and churchwardens of the parish of New Windsor, in the county of Berks, for the time being, the capital sum of six hundred pounds four per cent, consolidated bank annuities, being the remainder of the stock standing in my name upon trust, to pay and apply the interest and dividends, yearly arising therefrom, in the manner following, that is to say, " Three pounds three shillings (part thereof yearly) for three sermons The Revd. Thomas Cleaver, minor canon of Windsor, by his will, dated the 7th of Novem ber, 1719, gave four pounds a year to the charity-school for ever. Mrs. Lowther gave one hundred pounds, by her will, dated the 26th of May, 1757. Horatio Ripley, Esq. gave one hundred pounds, by his will, dated October, 1789. Richard Farrington, Esq. gave fifty pounds, by his will, dated February, 1793. 33 to be preached by the vicar or his curate in every year, that is to say, one on every New Year's Day, Ash- Wednesday and Good-Friday, and in case of any New Year's Day falling on the Sunday, then the one pound one shilling be laid out that year in bread, and given on that day to the poor of the said parish. " Fifteen pounds twelve shillings, further part thereof, for the teaching twelve boys of New Windsor or Clewer parish, from six years of age, their catechism, and to read their bible well. And also six girls, their catechism, to read the bible, and sew plain- work well. " And five pounds five shillings, the remainder of the said interest, towards the support of the sunday-school now established in Windsor. And in case the said sunday-school should not be continued, then the said five pounds five shillings, the said residue of the interest, towards the teaching a greater number of children the catechism, bible, and sewing plain-work, than those above mentioned." The testator died, and the will was proved by his brother and exe cutor, Webb Marratt, in the Prerogative Court, the third of August, 1797- James Panton, Gent, late an alderman of Windsor, by his will dated in the year 1798, gave fifty pounds in the five per cent, consols ; the dividends of which he directed to be distributed in bread on the 12th of January, and 12th of July, yearly, to twenty-five poor persons. The Mayor of Windsor being the trustee. Also fifty pounds to the sunday-school, which is vested in the three per cent, consols, in the names of the vicar and churchwardens. Charles Ballard, Esq. late of New Windsor, by his last will and tes tament, 1803, gives as follows : " I hereby order and direct my son and executor Charles Ballard, as soon as conveniently may be after my decease, to purchase in his own name, out of the produce of my personal estate, the sum of two hundred E 34 pounds, consolidated three per cent, bank annuities ; Upon trust, never theless, that he the said Charles Ballard, his executors or administrators, do, and shall pay, apply, and dispose of the interest, dividends and produce thereof, either in bread or in money, at his or their discretion, for the use of such of the poor of the parish of New Windsor aforesaid, as he or they shall think are proper objects. My will and mind is, that the said sum of two hundred pounds three per cent, consolidated Bank annuities shall be purchased free and clear of every expense and de duction whatsoever ; and that the interest, dividends and produce there of, shall be for ever applied to the use of the poor of the parish of New AVindsor, and that the same shall be so applied from time to time, as soon after the said interest, dividends and produce, shall become due and payable as possible." Extracts from the will of Elizabeth Hopkins, widow, of New Windsor, dated the 20th of September, 1803. " I bequeath to the treasurer and managers of the ladies' charity- school for girls, in New Windsor, two hundred pounds for the general purposes of the said charity. " I bequeath to the treasurer and managers of the parish charity-school of New Windsor, one hundred pounds, for the general purposes of the said charity. " I bequeath to the parish of St. Gregory,1 New Windsor, one hundred pounds, the interest thereof to be laid out in bread, to be distributed to the poor every Sunday morning, and on Good Friday." September the 12th, 1804, the churchwardens received of the executor Mr. Baker, of St. Paul's Church-yard, ninety-four pounds, and with six pounds deducted for duty on legacies, made up the hundred : when they purchased one hundred pounds stock in the five per cent, consols 1 This is an error of the testatrix, the church is dedicated to St. John. 35 navy, and fixed fifty shillings to be given in bread every Sunday, and fifty shillings on Good Friday. Elizabeth Jarman, late of New Windsor, by her last will and testa ment, dated the 24th of July, 1809. gives as follows : " I give and bequeath to the trustees or treasurer of the charity or free school, of the said parish of New Windsor, in the county of Berks, for the time being, the sum of five hundred pounds stock in the said three per cent, consolidated annuities ; upon trust, that they, the said trustees or treasurer, and their successors do, and shall lay out and invest the same in their name or names, and the interest thereby arising, as the same shall be got in and received, pay and apply in such way, manner and form, as they the said trustees or treasurer shall deem best, for the promoting the good of the said charity." The Hon. and Revd. Edward Legge, D. D. Dean of Windsor, the Revd. Henry Plimley,Vicar, Edward Boringdon, then Mayor, and James Egelstone, of Windsor, (treasurer) are the trustees. " And I give to the Vicar, Mayor, and Churchwardens of the parish and borough of New Windsor, in the said county of Berks, and their successors, one hundred pounds East-India stock, upon trust, to pay and apply the interest thereof annually, on every sixteenth day of March in every year, unto the four persons residing in the alms-houses called Reeves's alms-houses, equally between and amongst them." The Revd. Henry Plimley, Vicar, Edward Boringdon, Mayor, Joseph Sharman, and William Cooper, Churchwardens, are the Trustees. The parish of New Windsor was favored by the following grants from the Crown. By a grant from King William and Queen Mary, dated July 27, 1693, Anno Regni Quinto, the sum of fifty pounds per annum was settled towards the maintenance of the church and poor, payable to the 36 Mayor and Churchwardens quarterly, out of the rents and revenues of the Honor of Windsor Castle. By another grant from King William, April 17? 1700, in the twelfth year of his reign, was settled the additional sum of fifty pounds per an num, payable without impost or charge quarterly, to the Mayor and Churchwardens, being in lieu and compensation for certain Lands in closed in the Little Park ; and also the profits of thirty-one acres of land lying between the park wall and the river Thames, which was usually let at the yearly rent of twenty-six pounds per annum. These grants were removed into the Pension Office, in the reign of George the first ; and one hundred pounds is payable per annum to the overseers of the poor, and twenty pounds per annum to the Churchwardens, by virtue of a receipt signed by the Mayor. There is but one Church in this large and populous parish, but divine service is performed daily at St. George's Chapel in the castle, in all the beauty of choral music, and to which the inhabitants may resort. It may here also be added, that when that chapel was repaired and adorned some years since, by the command, and according to the plea sure of his present Majesty, he was pleased to present the old organ to the parish church. On the north side of the church-yard was erected, in the year 1706, a neat edifice, for a free school, for thirty boys and twenty girls belong ing to this parish, who are clothed, and instructed in reading, writing, arithmetic, and the principles of the Christian religion. This excellent institution receives some support from the several legacies which have been mentioned at large, but its principal maintenance is derived from the subscriptions and charitable contributions of the inhabitants. The Dean of Windsor, and the two senior Prebends of the college in 37 residence, and the Mayor and two senior Aldermen of the corpora tion, for the time being, are the Trustees for the care and administration of this charity. The principal country seat of the Dukes of St. Albans was in this town, on the side of Little Park ; but on the King's making Windsor his general residence, it was purchased by his Majesty, to add to the accommodations of the house which had been fitted up for the re ception of the Royal Family. New Windsor was, for a certain time, the county town, under the charter of King Edward the first, which has been already stated to bear date 1276, by which that monarch grants, that the Justices itine rant for the county of Berks, should hold their assizes at Windsor, and that the county gaol which had been before at Wallingford, should be removed thither ; but this alteration having been found very incon venient, Windsor being situate in a remote corner of the county, the gaol was again removed in consequence of a petition to Parlia ment in 1314.' It appears, indeed, by a record lately discovered at the Tower, that the King, Edward the second, had, in the first instance, given a decided negative to the petition, and declared that the gaol should not be in any other castle than his own.4 The borough of New Windsor appears, from the records in the Tower, to have sent two Burgesses to Parliament at such an early period as the reign of Edward the first, and in the following historical succession. 30. Edward the first. Two Burgesses returned for New Windsor. 7- Edward the second. Two Burgesses returned for Windsor. 1 See Rolls of Parliament. a The words of the record are — " Le Roi ne veut pas avoir sa Gaole in altre chatel qu' en le 38 25. Henry the sixth. 'The return for Windsor ran thus. " Indentura facta, &c. testatur quod nos Major et Communitas Burgensium Burgi de Nova Windsore, eligimus et nominavimus de communi consilio nostro Rogerum Funiam et Rogerum Scherman, dicti Burgi Burgenses ad com- parandum, &c. In quorum testimonium sigiUum commune omnium et singulorum Burgensium et Communitatis praedictae habentium, electio- nem interessentium praesentibus est appensum, Dat. apud Windsore, &c. praesentibus Johanne Avelyn, Majore, Burgi praedicti, Willielmo Scher man, Willielmo Trowe, Rogero Weyte, Johanne Notewey, Ballivis, Johanne Bethewood, Thoma Swan, Johanne Ruwelond, Thoma Pers, Richardo Bernard, Constabulariis et aliis." 27. Henry the sixth. The return is in the same precise words and ex pressions. By these returns, it appears, that the parliamentary Burgesses were chosen by the Mayor and Community of the Burgesses of the Borough, and the common seal of all and singular the Burgesses and Commonalty, which had voices in elections affixed thereto : but about twenty-four years after, in the seventh year of Edward the fourth, the return assumes a different form. — " Testatur quod Johannes Scot et Willielmus Kemsale, Ballivi Burgi de Windsore, et Comburgenses Burgi praedicti elegerunt Willielmum Evinton et Henricum Franceys, Bur genses Essendi ad Parlem. In cujus rei Testim. SigiUum commune apposuerunt. (i. e.) Ballivi et Comburgenses sigillum apposuerunt." 35. Henry the sixth. Major, Ballivi, et Burgens. eleger. dat. sub com muni sigillo, in Gilda Aula Regia. 39. Henry the sixth. Major, Ballivi, et tota Communitas eleger. Dat. sub sigillo Majoritatis. 1 This borough omitted making auy returns from 1340 to 1446. Browne Willis supposes this omission to have happened through the indulgence of the Crown, it being then esteemed a burthen to send members to Parliament. 39 7. Edward the sixth. Major simul cum Ballivis Burgens. et Com- munitate eleger. In cujus testim. sigillo com. Burgi in Gilda ibid. apposuimus. 1, 2. Philip and Mary. Major, Ballivi, et Burgenses, simul cum et Marc. Communitate ex communi assensu eleger. Dat. sub sigillo Com. Burgi in Gilda Aula. 2, 3. Philip and Mary, and 4 and 5. of the same reign, the returns are in the same forms and words. 1. Elizabeth. Major simul cum Ballivis, Burgens. et Communitate eleger. Which form seems to have been generally preserved throughout the reign of that princess and her immediate successors, all which re turns are by the Mayor, Bailiffs and Burgesses, and under the common seal, and most of them dated in the Guildhall of Windsor. Some differ ence, however, appears occasionally to have prevailed. In the 15th of Charles the first, 1639, an indenture of return for Par liament Burgesses ran thus. This indenture, made the sixth day of March, in the fifteenth year, &c. between the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Bur gesses of the Burgh of New Windsor, on the one part, and George Purefoy, Esquire, High Sheriff of the count}' of Berks, on the other part, witnesseth, that the said Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, with their mutual free assent and consent, have elected and chosen Sir Arthur Ingram, and Sir Richard Harrison, Burgesses, &c. A similar return appears in the 39th year of Queen Elizabeth, and for the greater part of the succeeding reigns of James the first, and Charles the first, until, the year 1641, &c. By these and other records it is evident, that the returns of members to serve in Parliament, had sometimes been made by the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, not exceeding thirty ; and sometimes by the Mayor, Bailiff's, Burgesses, and Inhabitants at large, but more generally by the 40 former only, till the year 1640, when at a committee of elections, Ser jeant Maynard reported, and it was resolved, " That all the inhabitants had a right to elect." After the restoration, 13. Charles the second, Richard Braham, Esquire, and Sir Thomas Higgons, were returned to Parliament by the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses ; but the election being disputed in Parliament, it was reported by Serjeant Charlton, and resolved, " That the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, not above thirty in number, have the exclusive right to elect :" and it was made to appear from the book of entries of the town of Windsor, that three several elections in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, were by number, not exceeding thirty. These varying resolutions frequently occasioned double returns to Parliament, and March 19, anno 1678, the petition of Richard Winwood and Samuel Starkey, Esquires, was brought into Parliament, complain ing of an und ue return of Sir John Ernie, Knight, and John Powney, Esquire, as Burgesses of the said Borough ; and a committee was ap pointed to inquire into the matter of the said petition, and report the same to the House : when it appeared on the examination of the witnesses, that Sir John Ernie, and Mr. Powney, had been unanimously elected on the 27th of February preceding, by the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Bur gesses, in the Town-Hall ; and that Mr. Winwood, and Mr. Starkey, were the same day elected by above two hundred of the Inhabitants at the Market Cross. It became, therefore, a question on the debate, " whether the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, not exceeding the num ber of thirty, or whether the Inhabitants at large, had a right to vote in elections of members to represent the said Borough." Several re cords and returns to Parliament were produced, to support the sole right of the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses; as also the right of the Inhabitants at large ; whereupon the committee came to the following resolutions. 41 1. " That the Mayor, Bailiffs, and Burgesses, of New Windsor, have not the right of electing members to serve in Parliament for the said borough. 2. That the borough of New Windsor has a right to send Burgesses to Parliament by prescription. 3. That all the Inhabitants of the said borough have a right of electing members to serve in Parliament for the said borough. 4. That Sir John Ernie, and Mr. Pouney are not duly elected to serve, &c. 5. That Mr. Winwood and Mr. Starkey are not duly elected to serve, &c> — On this resolution the committee divided, Ayes 125, Noes 131. 6. That the late election of members to serve, &c. is a void election." The first, second, third, and fourth resolutions were, on the questions being severally put, agreed, to by the House ; but the fifth resolution being read a second time, and the question put, that the House doth agree with the committee therein, the House divided, Ayes 153, Noes 189- It was therefore resolved by the House that Mr. Winwood and Mr. Starkey are duly elected to serve in the present parliament for the Borough of New Windsor ; and it Was accordingly ordered that the clerk of the crown, and the Mayor of the Borough of New Windsor, do meet on Monday Morning next at ten o'clock, and amend the said return. Nevertheless, In 1689, May 2, upon the petition of William Adderley, Esquire, against the return of Henry Powle, Esquire, for New Windsor, the committee came to the following Resolutions : 1. That it is the opinion of this Committee, " that the right of electing Burgesses to serve in Parliament, is in the Mayor, Bailiffs, and select number of the Burgesses only." 2. "That Henry Powle, Esq. is duly elected to serve in Parliament"-— To which Resolutions the House agreed, nemine contradicente. F 42 August 6, in the same year, Sir Algernon May was, on the same reso lutions, voted to be duly elected Burgess, to serve in Parliament for the Borough of New Windsor. On the dissolution of this Parliament, a petition of Sir Charles Porter and William Adderley, Esquire, stated that they were duly elected Burgesses for the said Borough by the majority of legal Electors ; and a return was demanded from the Mayor of such their election : but that, not withstanding, the said Mayor had made an undue return of Baptist May and Sir Christopher Wren in prejudice to the rights of the -petitioners. The inhabitants also of the Borough presented a counter-petition, stating that they had duly elected at the Market Cross, Sir Charles Porter and William Adderley, Esquire, for their Burgesses in Parlia ment, but that the Mayor had made an undue return; and, therefore, they pray the House to assert their ancient right by causing the Mayor to amend the said return. These petitions being respectively referred to the Committee of privi leges on elections, the original question, and on which such varying determinations had been produced, was taken once more into serious consideration : " Whether the right of election was in the Mayor, Bailiff's, and Burgesses, or in the inhabitants paying scot and lot." On this occasion the Committee came to the following resolutions. 1. That the right of electing Burgesses to serve in Parliament for the Borough of New Windsor is in the Mayor,, Bailiff's, and select number of the Burgesses only. 2. That Sir Christopher Wren and Baptist May, Esquire, are duly elected Burgesses to serve in the present Parliament for the Borough of New Windsor. But on the question being put in the whole House to agree with the Resolutions of the Committee, it was carried in the negative by a majo rity of 152, against 140. — So that Sir Charles Porter and William Adder- 43 ley, Esquire, were declared to be the sitting Members : and, on the 19th of May, 1690, the Mayor was ordered to alter the return in their favor. Since this time the election of Members to serve in Parliament for this Borough has taken place at the Market Place, where the Cross formerly stood, by the Mayor, Bailiffs, Burgesses, and all the inhabitants paying scot and lot, which mode of election has been confirmed by the follow ing resolutions in Parliament, on succeeding disputed elections. April 14, 1715, on the petition of Henry Ashurst and Samuel Travels, Esquire, against the return of Christopher Wren and Robert Gayer, Esquire, it was resolved by the House : " That the right of electing mem bers to Parliament for the Borough of New Windsor, is in the inhabi tants paying scot and lot." The two former candidates were, therefore, declared duly elected. March 23, 1737, on the double return of Lord Vere Beauclerk and Richard Oldfield, Esquire, the House came to a similar resolution, and the noble Lord, who had been elected by the inhabitants paying scot and lot, took his seat in Parliament. The members in the present Parliament are : Edward Desbrowe, Esquire, Vice Chamberlain to the Queen. John Ramsbottom, Esquire, of Clewer Lodge, near Windsor." The town of Windsor gives a title to two noble families of this king dom ; the Earl of Plymouth, and the Lord Mountjoy and Windsor of the Isle of Wight, whose ancestor, a noble Italian of Rome, came into England with William I. and was by that monarch created a Baron, and 1 The variations in the decisions of the House of Commons, on the several applications to it from the Borough of Windsor, evidently prove, that the political principles of the candidates finally determined the election. It was this abuse that induced Mr. George Grenville to bring a bill into Parliament, and to get it passed into a law, which determines upon the principles of justice. This act has, indeed, proved a powerful check to corrupt elections, and in a great measure annihi lated ministerial influence in the final decision on disputed returns. 44 Castellan, or constable of the castle of Windsor, and keeper of the forest in Berkshire. The Duke of Leinster in Ireland is also descended from Walter de Windsor. Roger of Windsor, who was historian to Henry the Third, was a native of this town, and among other persons of less celebrity, we may select Richard Topham, Esquire, who made it the place of his residence : his extensive learning and knowledge in every thing that related to the fine arts, gave him so distinguished a character, as to add import ance to the spot where he cultivated science, and improved the taste of his country. He made the finest collection of drawings which had been possessed by any person in England previous to his time. They were chiefly copied from the works of the great masters of the different schools ; and he rendered them useful by admitting artists at all times to the examination and study of them. These and his splendid library were given after his death, which happened in the year 1730, to Eton College, by the Lord Chief Justice Reeve and Doctor Mead, his executors; and form a curious part of its valuable library. Sir Thomas Reeve, Knight, Lord Chief Justice of the Court of Com mon Pleas, constantly resided at Windsor, which might well boast of pos sessing among its inhabitants, a person, whose great abilities and venerated character raised him to such an exalted station ; while his private virtues, his piety and benevolence, gained him the love of all who lived within the circle of their influence. A more detailed account of this great and good man has already been given, as recorded on his tomb. Fairs are held in this Borough, June 24, which is a great fair for wool ; on Saint Edward's day, October 13; and on Easter Tuesday. Saturday is the Market Day. The officers of the Corporation are chosen annually : and the Mayor enters on his office the first Monday in October. 45 THE PRESENT CORPORATION OF WINDSOR. His Royal Highness the Duke of York, High Steward. Mr. Snowden, Mayor. ALDERMEN. Mr. Lgelstone, Mr. Knight, Mr. Parker, Mr. Coombs, Mr. Hanson, Mr. Bovingdon, Mr. Atkins, Mr. Millns. Mr. Thomas, BENCHERS. Mr. Hatch, Mr. Layton, Mr. Grace. BURGESSES. Mr. M'Bean, Mr. J. Clode, Mr. Davis, Mr. Baverstock, Mr. Phillips, Mr. J. Voules, Mr. Chapman, Mr. Jenner, Mr. Banister, Mr. Tebbott, Mr. Brown, Mr. William Clode. Mr.'Cooper, Griffin Wilson, Esq. Recorder. John Secker, Eso. Town Clerk. The buildings in this town are chiefly of brick : the number of houses about five hundred and fifty : the inhabitants are computed at three thousand.1 In the year 1784 his Majesty was presented with a piece of * A strange and inexplicable circumstance attracted the curiosity of this town and its neigh bourhood about the year 1740, which, from its singularity, and the authority of the narrative, may not be considered as an intrusive assertion. — It appears in the published correspondence between the Countess of Hertford and Lady Pomfret, Vol. n. p. 89. — It forms the subject of a letter from the former, dated Richings, near Iver, Bucks, August 4, 1740. " I cannot help giving your Ladyship an account, which I have had lately from persons of veracity and good sense, of a family who have lived upwards of fifteen years in the town of Windsor. This 46 land by the Corporation for the erection of an hospital for sick soldiers. The building was begun and completed in the same year. It consists of family consists of an old woman and two sons, the eldest of whom appears to be about forty, and the other only three or four years younger. Since they have first settled here, they have never been out of their house, (except once one of the sons,) nor have they suffered any body to go into it. When they had lived there three or four years, some malicious people broke all their windows towards the street, in order to provoke them to show themselves ; but the poor creatures did not make the least noise or complaint ; nor did they even mend their windows. Some years after, in a wet winter, the neighbours observed one morning that they had put up wooden shutters : these, however, were also soon broken, but they did not appear, nor did they in any shape resent the injury. They mended them, as it is supposed, themselves ; for the shutters appeared patched in an awkward manner with rough pieces of wood and old board. Since the breaking of the win dows they have always lived backwards, which was first discovered by the officers of the land-tax, who go regularly once a year, and break open their doors to demand it. This intrusion they never strive to resent, but always pay very readily and justly. At their first coming to Windsor, they took up goods of a mercer of that town to the value of seven or eight pounds, but did not pay for them. He has been ever since endeavouring to see or speak to them, in order to get his money; and has several times employed bailiffs to serve them with writs, but in vain, for they did not dare to break open the doors ; and people may knock, call, and insult them for four and twenty hours together, aud they will not answer nor seem to hear. This year, however, the officers of the land-tax gave the bailiffs notice when they were to go, and they got in along with them ; and though the original debt was increased to nearly double, by the various law expenses, they paid it without the least dispute. The recluses have two estates near Windsor, one of which has tenants upon it, but they never demand any rent, nor can their farmer get a sight of them. The tenant of the other died some years ago, since which time the ground has lain uncultivated, nor have they ever endeavoured to let it. The neighbouring cottagers put in cows, horses, hogs, or whatever they please, and the owners never inquire about the matter. The land-tax gatherers say they are hale, well-looking people, who speak little ; but that little courteously and sensibly. When they are asked the reason of their living in this manner, aud how they procure food and clothes, they are entirely silent. " This odd behaviour has raised my curiosity so much, that I have set three or four emissaries to work, to try if 1 can get any particulars respecting them, that can give me an insight into the principle, which occasions so strange a manner of living. If I succeed, I shall certainly inform you of the result of my inquiry. F. HERTFORD," 47 two wards sufficiently spacious to accommodate upwards of forty men, with some additional apartments for the use of the attendants. In the summer of 1793, a small, but pretty theatre was erected here at the expense of Mr. Thornton, the manager ; but the seasons of repre sentation are specially restricted, by the Lord Chamberlain's licence, to the Eton vacations. The corporation, however, indulge the company with a few nights' performance, during the time of Ascot Heath races. The system adopted by government, to concentrate the military force, was carried into effect at Windsor in the year 1795, when extensive and convenient barracks were built for 750 infantry ; and a large building was erected in 1801, for the reception of about 400 cavalry. The parish of New Windsor, according to a late survey, contains two thousand six hundred and eighteen acres, which, exclusive of the space occupied by the build ings, are principally disposed in parks, gardens, and pleasure grounds. No further notice is however taken of these persons; and the interest which this account may have excited, we shall endeavour to gratify. Their name was Olave, and an old pye-woman carried them provisions, but never saw them. On a signal being made, a hand took. in the basket, and returned it with money and orders. When the mother died they gave no notice, till the neigh bours were incommoded and insisted on the burial of the corpse. After the death of one brother, the other sometimes appeared : he was a deplorable figure, with a sallow complexion and a long beard. It was supposed to be parsimony, though of a very singular kind, which induced these people to such an extraordinary life, and that they had hidden money in the house : for, soon after the death of the last of these strange mortals, the landlord rebuilt the house, and appeared suddenly rich. Uffilint)0or Castle. It has already been observed, in a former chapter, that this Castle is indebted for its origin to William the Conqueror. Henry I. considerably improved and enlarged it ; and to give it additional security, sur rounded the whole with a strong wall. Indeed, so numerous and im portant were his alterations, that many writers have attributed to him the honor of the foundation. The whole extent of the building and in closed ground, according to Doomsday Book, contained half a hide of land, or about fifty acres. Castellum de Windesores est in dimidia Hida? But all our historians agree, that this structure owes its subsequent mag nificence to the affection which Edward III. bore to the place of his nativity. The improvements made by this prince extended to nearlv the whole of the ancient fabric, which, with the exception of the three towers at the west end of the lower ward, was entirely taken down, and the chief part of the present structure, as it now stands, erected on its site. * This does not at all answer to its present dimensions, as according to Langley's measurement, the circumference of the whole Castle is 4180 feet ; the length from east to west is 1480 ; and the area or superficial quantity of ground on which it stands, exclusive of the terrace walks, is 12 acres 2 roods, aud 30 poles. ^ ^ V 49 Holinshed says, " that in 1359> the King set workmen in hand to take down much old buildings, belonging to the Castle of Windsor, and caused divers other fair and sumptuous works to be set up in and about the same castle ; so that almost all the masons and carpenters that, were of any account within the land, were sent for and employed about the same works." It appears, however, that various commissions for appointing surveyors, and impressing workmen, had been issued some years before ; and that in 1356, William of Wickham, then one of the King's chap lains, Avas appointed clerk of the works, with ample powers, and a fee of one shilling a day, whilst at Windsor, and two shillings, when he went elsewhere on the duties of his office. His clerk also had three shillings a Aveek. In 1359, the architect's powers Avere considerably enlarged ; and he was appointed keeper of the manors of Old and New Windsor.1 In the course of the following year, 360 Avorkmen were impressed, to be employed on the buildings at the King's wages; some of whom having clandestinely left Windsor and engaged in other employments to greater advantage, writs Avere issued, prohibiting all persons from employing them, on pain of forfeiting all their goods and chattels, and ordering the com mittal of such refractory workmen to NeAvgate, The plague, also, having carried off a great number of the King's workmen, in 1362, writs were issued to the Sheriffs of several counties, to impress 302 masons and diggers of stone, to be employed in the King's works. The Coun ties of York, Salop, and Devon, were to furnish sixty men each. Gla ziers Avere impressed in the year 1363 : but very few commissions Avere issued after the year 1369; and none after 1373: it may therefore be presumed, that this princely work Avas then completed ; comprising the ' Having nearly finished the building of the Castle, he caused the words " This made Wyckham," to be inscribed on the wall of it : which circumstance, it is said, excited the King's displeasure to such a degree, that Wyckham had no means of saving himself from disgrace, but in the ambiguity of expression. G 50 King's Palace, the great hall of St. George, the lodgings on the east and south sides of the upper ward ; the Round Tower, the Chapel of St. George, the canons' houses in the loAver Avard, and the whole circumfer ence of the Avails, with the toAvers and gates. The appeal of high treason, brought by the Duke of Lancaster against Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, in 1398, Avas heard by King Richard II. on a stage erected within the Castle at Windsor, Avhen it being found impossible to reconcile them, a day of combat Avas appointed to take place at Coventry. The Earl of Salisbury and other lords, who conspired against King Henry IV- soon after his acquisition of the CroAvn, Avere for a short time in possession of this Castle.1 It continued to be the occasional residence of our monarchs, Avho, from time to time, made various alterations in the buildings, particularly King Henry VII. No remarkable events however occur Avhich are connected with its history, for many years, till the disastrous period of the civil war, in the reign of Charles I. This Castle was garrisoned by the Parliament,soon after the breaking out of the war, and Colonel Venn, afterwards one of the King's Judges, Avas appointed the Governor. Prince Rupert made an unsuccessful attack upon it, in the autumn of 1642 ; and it continued in the hands of the Parliament during the Avhole Avar. At length, in the year 1648, it became the prison of its unfortunate master, Avho, as Heath expresses it in his Chronicle, kept his sorrowful and last Christmas at Windsor. Major-general Browne, who had been Governor of Abingdon, a very active officer in the Parliamentary service, having incurred the displeasure of his employers, Avas sent prisoner to Windsor Castle in 1648. Judge Jenkyns was, during several years, a prisoner in this Castle, from Avhence, in 1656, he Avas removed to Wallingford : about this time Sir John Lent- hall Avas Governor of the Castle, under Cromwell. In the month of December, 1659, Colonel Ingoldsby and Major Wildman having appeared before Windsor Castle with a party of horse, it Avas surrendered to them ' Holinshed. 51 by Colonel Whichcote, Avho was then Governor, for the use of the Parlia ment. — The Earl of Lauderdale, the Earl of Lindsey, and Lord Sinclair, Avho had been confined for a length of years in Windsor Castle, were discharged in the month of March, 1660. After the Restoration, Charles II. restored the Castle from the state of dilapidation in which he found it, causing it to be completely repaired, and richly furnished. He made Windsor the place of his residence during the greater part of his reign. James II., in 16875 received the Pope's Nuncio at Windsor Castle, Avith great state and ceremony. William III. occasionally resided here ; and Queen Anne, who, when Princess of Den mark, lived in a small house adjoining the Little Park, had acquired an habitual partiality for Windsor. During the t\vo succeeding reigns, Hampton Court and Kensington were the favorite royal residences. The Castle consists of two courts or wards, between which is the Keep, or Round Tower, sometimes called the middle ward. The upper court contains, on the north side, the state apartments, chapel and the hall of St. George. The east and south sides have been lately fitted up for the residence of their Majesties and the Royal Family. In the area is a bronze equestrian statue of Charles II. executed by Strada, at the ex pense of the munificent Tobias Rustat, formerly housekeeper at Hamp ton Court. The pedestal is enriched with fruit, fish, and other orna ments, exquisitely sculptured by Gibbons, and displays the following inscription.' Carolo Secundo, Regum optimo, Domino suo clementissimo, Tobias Rustat Hanc effigiem humillime, Dedit et Dedicavit, Anno Domini MDCLXXX. * Horace Walpole represents this equestrian figure as having little or no merit, but that of attracting the attention to the beauties of the pedestal. 52 On the hoof is cast, Josias, Ibach, Strada, Bremensis l679fudit Beneath this statue is a water-engine, of a curious construction, invented by Sir Samuel Morland, Master of the Mechanics to Charles II. for the purpose of supplying the palace with Avater from Blackman Park, near Winkfield ; but the whole building has long since been furnished, with more convenience, from the Thames. The windows on the north side of this ward have been enlarged, and formed in the pointed style of architecture, Avhich was to have been con tinued through the whole : but this, and many other projected improve ments, have been suspended, by an event which a venerating nation never ceases to deplore. The lower ward, which is much more spacious than the upper, is divided into two parts, by the Collegiate Church or Chapel of St. George, behind which are the houses of the Dean and Canons, in what are called the Dean's and Canons' cloisters. The apartments of the minor canons, clerks, and other officers of the college, are situated at the west end of the chapel ; and are built in a semicircular form, in a supposed allusion to the fetlock of a horse, a device of the founder, King Edward IV. Hence they are commonly deno minated the horse-shoe cloisters. On the south and Avest sides of this court, are the houses of the alms-knights, or as they are generally called, the poor knights, of Windsor. In this ward, also, are several towers, belonging to the officers of the croAvn, and the order of the garter, with the store- tower, guard-chamber, and court of record. On the north side of the Castle is the terrace made by Queen Eliza beth, which was extended by Charles II. along the east and south sides ; its whole length being 1870 feet. The ditches Avhich skirted the east and south sides of the Castle, have been filled up and levelled. Though this magnificent structure has been the residence of so many sovereigns, it has been the birth-place only of two : the heroic Edward III., and the meek, unfortunate Henry VI. This stately palace, after it had been so long neglected by its royal pos- *N •¦•- ^ "X, X . -.X 53 sessors, has at last become the favorite, and, in a great measure, the constant residence of his present Majesty ; its apartments having been rendered habitable, and the more modern comforts introduced into its arrangements, under the direction of James Wyatt, Esq. surveyor-general. The alterations consist chiefly in rebuilding the grand staircase, fitting up a range of libraries, and commencing a series of restoration of the pointed style of architecture of Edward III. for which Charles II. had substituted the circular headed windows that are still visible round a considerable portion of the upper ward. The munificence of the monarch has been seconded, as might Avell be expected, by the superior ability of the architect. The state apartments, with their splendid furniture, will be immediately described ; but the names and dimensions of the different rooms and chambers Avill be best understood by referring to the annexed plan. The former entrance to the royal apartments was through a vestibule, the ceiling of which was supported by Ionic columns, with intervening niches filled with antique busts. It led to the grand staircase which was painted by Sir James Thornhill, from Ovid's Metamorphoses. The adjoining back staircase Avas also embellished with similar subjects by the same master. Both these communications have been removed, and on the space which they occupied, has been erected a superb staircase, suited to the character of the building to Avhose apartments it forms the principal approach. The length from the entrance to the foot of the staircase, is forty-five feet, exclusive of the porch. The breadth of the central division of this vestibule is fourteen feet, the sides seven feet each, and their extent in a right line is one hundred and eight feet. In each of these peristyles, are four large and three smaller niches for the reception of statues : the latter are crowned with canopies. The staircase consists of one flight of thirty-four steps, the ascent being relieved by a broad landing in the middle of it. The height is ninety-nine feet, the building having been raised 54 about twenty feet, exclusive of the lantern, which is of an octagonal shape, forming, on the outside, an embattled tower. In the centre of the dome are the royal arms, encircled Avith the garter, Avith the date 1801 ; and the angles of the ceiling are embellished with various devices, judiciously assorted to the place. The balustrade is composed of bronze, with bases and capitals of polished brass. This staircase was begun in the year 1800, and finished in 1804. At the head of the stairs over the door of the King's Drawing Room, is placed the royal arms in artificial stone, and on the sides are six figures of angels, holding shields. Queen's Guard-Chamber. — The arms, Avhich form an appropriate part of its furniture, are arranged in a variety of devices, intermixed with ornamental carving. The ceiling displays the Queen Consort of Charles II. in the character of Britannia, Avith her attributes ; and deco rated Avith allegorical embellishments. Over the chimney is the portrait of Prince George of Denmark, on horseback, by Dahl, and views of shipping by Vandervelde. This apartment is fitted up as a temporary, private chapel. Queen's Presence-Chamber. — The same illustrious personage is also the principal figure of the ceiling of this room, attended by Religion and the Cardinal Virtues, with other allegorical representations. In this apartment hung three of the Cartoons of Raphael which have been returned to their original situation in Hampton Court. The following portraits remain to decorate it. Two princesses of Brunswick, painted in 1609. The Duke Albert of Saxony, by Rubens. Charles I., his Queen, and tAvo of their children: with James I. and Charles I. on horseback, Avith the Duke D'Epernon, by Vandyck. In this room are three silver chan deliers brought from Hanover. Queen's Audience-Chamber. — The Royal Consort of Charles is again seen on the ceiling in the character of Britannia, in a new form, and with another series of allegorical decorations. The chande liers and glasses are appropriately magnificent. The portraits are 55 those of Frederick-Henry, Prince of Orange, Prince Rupert, and William, Prince of Orange ; by Honthorst. Ann, Duchess of York, by Sir Peter Lely. James the First's Queen, by Van Somer. The Queen of Charles I. by Vandyck, and a landscape by Zuearelli, Here is also a chandelier from Hanover. In this room was hung the large picture, by Sir William Beechey, representing his Majesty, accompanied by his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales, and his Royal Highness the Duke of York, and attended by the Generals Sir William Fawcett, Dundas, and Golds- worthy, in the act of reviewing the 3rd, or Prince of Wales's Dragoon Guards, and the 10th, or Royal Hussars. It has, however, been lately taken down, on account of the alterations of the Avindows, and is to be removed to Hampton Court.' Ball Room. — Charles II. is represented on the ceiling in the character of the Pacificator of Europe, which is illustrated by an abundance of allegorical figures. Four large glasses in massive silver frames, Avith correspondent tables and chandeliers of the same valuable material, distinguish this apartment. The portraits are those of the Duke of Hamilton by Hanneman ; the Earl of Pembroke, Lord Chamberlain to James I., by Vansomer ; the Countess of Carlisle, Madame St. Croix, and the Duchess of Richmond, in the character of St. Agnes, by Vandyck. Her present Majesty, the Prince of Wales, and the Duke of York, by Ramsay. The Princesses Mary, Sophia, and Amelia, by Copley. St. John, after Correggio, and a large landscape by Zucarelli. Queen's Drawing Room. — An Assembly of the Gods is the sub ject of its ceiling, which is enlivened by Cupids and flowers. The follow ing pictures are the principal embellishments. A large landscape Avith the figures of Pharaoh's Daughter and Moses in the Bulrushes, and six 1 This intended removal, it is to be hoped, will speedily take place ; for should this interesting picture remain, for any length of time, rolled up as it is at present, it will, in all probability, be materially injured, and not only the artist, but the public at large have reasonable cause of regret. 56 smaller ones, by Zucarelli ; a Magdalen, by Sir Peter Lely ; Earl of Surry, by Holbein ; De Bray, the painter, and his family, in the charac ters of Anthony and Cleopatra, by himself; Killigrew and Carew, by Vandyck ; and, by the same master, the interesting portrait of Lady Digby, the wife of Sir Kenelm Digby. The Queen's State Bed-chamber. — This room has been lately enlarged to twice its former length, as is discoverable by the painted ceiling, the old part of Avhich still remains and represents the fabulous story of Endymion and Diana. The subject of the new part is Jupiter presenting the boAv to the same Goddess, and is from the pencil of Rigaud. The paintings are, Cupid shaping his bow, by Parmegiano; Vulcan presenting the Armour of Achilles to Thetis; and Achilles pre sented to the Centaur, by Ballestra ; two views in Italy, by Carlo Veres ; an Indian Market, by Post ; Christ, the Virgin Mary, St. Luke, and Ignatius, by Tintoret ; Titian, and a Senator of Venice, by Titian ; a Magdalen, by candle-light, by Schalken ; the Continence of Scipio, by Sebastian Ricci ; Cupid and Psyche, by Lazarino ; St. John, after Correggio ; the Holy Family, school of Raphael ; two landscapes, Italian Markets, Bamboccio; Peter the Great, Sir Godfrey Kneller; a Charity, Carlo Cignani ; an Officer of the Pope's Guards, by Parmegiano ; two views of Windsor Castle, by Boston; and William, Duke of Gloucester, by Sir Peter Lely. — In this room is a beautiful amber cabinet. The Room of Beauties and Queen's Dressing Room. — These rooms have been thrown together, and are not, at this time, in a state to be shoAvn. The former of them derives its title from the portraits of the distinguished ladies which adorn it. The Beauties of Windsor, in the opinion of Horace Walpole, form the Court of Paphos, and ought to be engraved for the Memoirs of the Count de Grammont." ' This has since been accomplished in a superb edition of that work. 57 Frances, Duchess of Richmond. — This lady, if her intellectual qualities had been in any proportion, equal to the charms of her person, Avould have been unrivalled in the age which her beauty illumined. That Charles II. intended to elevate her to the throne is Avell known ; but while the design was in agitation to procure a divorce from the queen, she Avas married to Charles, Duke of Richmond ; a match, Avhich was supposed to have been contrived by Lord Clarendon, to obviate the ill consequences that might follow to the kingdom from a disputed succes sion. Such a disappointment naturally awakened the most violent indignation in the royal breast against that nobleman. Lady Rochester, the Avife of Lawrence Hyde, created Earl of Rochester, 1682. Lady Denham. — This unhappy, ill-fated lady Avas a relation of George Digby, Earl of Bristol, and had been introduced into all the parties of pleasure, which that nobleman contrived for the amusement of the king ; but was preserved by the jealous}' of Lady Castlemaine from adding another triumph of his Majesty over female virtue. She was after wards strongly solicited by the Duke of York, but preferred the honorable proposals of Sir John Denham, Avho, having passed his whole life in ridi culing the marriage state, made the amende honorable to Hymen by marrying, at the age of seventy-nine, a lively girl of eighteen. This circumstance, however, proved fatal to her ; for she yielded to those soli citations of the Duke of York as a wife, which she resisted as a virgin : and the amour being discovered by her husband, she became the victim of his jealousy. According to the general belief of that period, a poisonous infusion in a cup of chocolate put an end to her life. Lady Sunderland, daughter of George Lord Digby. Miss Brooks, Lady Denham's sister, afterwards Lady Whit- mohe. H 58 Mrs. Jane Middleton. — The account given of her Avill be considered as very unfavorable to the preservation of virtue, in such a scene of dissi pation and profligacy as the court of Charles. She is, indeed, reported to have been very handsome, of a coquetish disposition, and with a small for tune. As she loved splendor, her admirers were obliged to gratify it, in order to gain her favor. It is said of this frail fair one, that her affectation of Avit and prosing conversation were so remarkable, that this part of her character continued to be the subject of recollection, when her beauty was but faintly remembered. Elizabeth, Countess of Northumberland, Avife of Joceline, Earl of Northumberland. Miss Hamilton, afterwards Lady Grammont.— This lady, Avho was the daughter of Sir George Hamilton, fourth son of the first Earl of Abercorn, was the brightest ornament of the court of Charles II. Avhose dangers she surmounted, and preserved a spotless character. Such Avere the charms of her person, and the solidity of her understanding, that she fixed the Avavering volatile character of the Count de Grammont, whom she married. Sarah, Duchess of Somerset. The Duchess of Cleveland. — This lady became the declared mistress of the king in 166 1, and. continued in that character till 1672. She was a woman of strong passions, and not unfrequently outrageous in her conduct towards him, but preserved her influence by bearing him children. Bishop Burnet says, that she was a woman of great beauty, but enormously wicked and ravenous, foolish, but imperious; very uneasy to the king by her frequent infidelities, and, at the same time pretending to be jealous of him. She became Countess of Castlemaine in right of her first husband, but Avas created Duchess of Cleveland in the year 1670, as a peace-offering after one of their violent quarrels. She died of a^dropsy in 1679. These portraits Avere executed by Sir 59 Peter Lely ; but those of the Countess of Ossory, Mrs. Lawson, and Mrs. Knott were painted by Wissing, a pupil of that eminent master. The remaining portrait is of a doubtful character, as it does not seem to be determined Avhether it represents Lady Byron or Lady Bellasis. It was the work of Huysman or Houseman. The King's Dressing Room. — This apartment has been consider ably enlarged, and the ceiling which exhibited the fable of Jupiter and Leda, has been removed. The more appropriate legend of St. George and the Dragon, by Mr. MattheAV Wyatt now supplies its place. The hangings of scarlet cloth, enriched with gilded mouldings, display Avith admirable effect the following pictures : James, Duke of York, by Sir Peter Lely ; St. Sebastian, by Guido ; the Angel appearing to the Shep herds, by Poussin ; an Old Woman watering Flowers, by G. Douw ; a head of the Virgin, by Carlo Dolci ; Head Avith a Scull, the master unknown ; the Misers, by Quintin Matsys ; a Girl playing on the Virginal, by Meyres ; St, Catherine, by Leonardo da Vinci ; Christ in the Garden, by Poussin ; Nymph and Satyr, by Albano ; Head of Christ, by Carlo Dolci; William, Prince of Orange, by Wissing; a Head, by Parmegiano ; Erasmus, by Penn ; a landscape, by Breugel ; a Head, Raphael ; Martin Luther, by Holbein ; a landscape, by Breugel ; Mary, Princess of Orange, by Wissing ; St. John, Carlo Maratti ; a Head, by Denner ; a landscape, by Suanefeld ; Edward VI, by Holbein ; Duke of Norfolk, by Holbein ; the Last Supper, a sketch, by Rubens ; St. Catherine, by Correggio ; a Head, by Denner ; Peter delivered from Prison, by Steenwick ; and Anne, Duchess of York, Sir Peter Lely. The King's Closet. — The hangings of this room are also of scarlet cloth ; and the subject of the ceiling, which has been lately painted by Mr. Matthew Wyatt, is the Nursing of St. George. The pictures are, George, Prince of Denmark, by Kneller ; a Bishop of Antwerp, a copy of Vandyck ; James, Duke of York, by Russell ; a Head, by Holbein ; a 60 Holy Family, by Titian; Charles the First's Queen, by Vandyck; a Head, by Gainsborough ; a Holy Family, by Garafala ; Head of a Dutch Merchant, by Holbein ; the Virgin and Child, by Titian ; Charles II. by Russell ; Herodias' Daughter, &c. by Carlo Dolci ; Christ, St. John, and the Virgin, by Guercino; St. Catherine, by Guido; Jacob and his family, by F. Laura; A Magdalen, Carlo Dolci; St. Paul, by Guercino ; Christ and the Madona, by the same ; a Head, Leonardo da Vinci ; a Landscape, Wouvermans ; a Holy Family, School of Raphael ; Cleopatra, and a Madona, by Guido ; Silence, by A. Carracci ; St. Peter, Guercino ; Countess of Desmond, by Rembrandt ; a Landscape, by Wouvermans ; a Holy Family, the School of Raphael, and John, Duke of Marlborough, by Dahl. The King's old State Bed-chamber. — The ceiling displays Charles II. arrayed in the robes of the Garter, seated on a throne, with the figures of the four quarters of the world, paying him obeisance. The hang ings are of crimson, with gilded mouldings. The bed has been some time removed. The paintings are Charles II. when a boy, by Vandyck ; the Princess, afterwards Queen Elizabeth ; George II. ; Henry VIII. when a child ; Henry Duke of Gloucester, and four figures, the painters unknown. The Queen of James I. by C. Jansen ; Duke of Savoy, by Moore ; Charles the First's Children, by Vandyck ; the Emperor Charles V. after Titian ; Charles the Second's Queen, by Sir Peter Lely ; the late Duke of York, in the habit of the Order of the Garter, by Dance ; the Princess, afterwards Queen Mary, by Sir Peter Lely. The King's Drawing Room. — The ceiling represents another picture of Charles II. seated on a triumphal car, drawn by the horses of the Sun, and various allegorical figures allusive of his restoration ; the Avhole enriched with flowers, fruitage, and gilded ornaments. This room has been lately fitted up Avith great elegance. The paintings are, Peter, James, and John, by Caravaggio ; a Holy Family, and the Battle of Nordlingen, by Rubens ; a Converted Chinese, by Sir Godfrey Kneller ; 61 the Vision of Augustus, by Pietro di Cortona ; Christ before Pilate, Schiavone ; Venus adorned by the Graces, and Perseus and Andromeda, by Guido ; the Wise Men's Offering, by Luca Jordano ; the Stoning of Stephen, the master unknoAvn. The carving which forms the ornament of the chimney-piece is the Avork of Gibbons. The King's State Bed-chamber. — The Banquet of the Gods is the subject of the ceiling ; and in several parts of the coving is repre sented a great variety of fish and fowl. The exquisite carved work, by Gibbons, Avhich was a principal decoration of this apartment, has been removed to Hampton Court, and hangings of scarlet cloth supply its place. The paintings consist of a piece of Still Life, by Kalf ; Mary Queen of Scots, by Jannette ; a whole-length portrait, by Vandyck ; Mary Duchess of York, by Sir Peter Lely ; Religion driving Hypocrisy from the Church, by Titian ; A Preceptor and his Pupil, by Bassano ; The Apotheosis of the Princes Octavius and Alfred, by West ; A Philo sopher, by Spagnoletto ; Sampson betrayed to the Philistines, by Vandyck ; Ann Duchess of York, by Sir Peter Lely. The King's Audience-chamber. — The subject of the painted ceiling is an allegorical representation of the Re-establishment of the Church by the Restoration of Charles II. This apartment is fitted up and furnished Avith suitable magnificence. The throne is splendid, and the canopy, with its ornamental appendages, were wrought under the direction of Mrs. Pawsey, from paintings by Miss Moser : the drawings which decorate the richly gilded columns, were executed by Rebecca. The paintings consist of seven large pictures, by West, Avhich represent some of the most glorious achievements of English bravery. They were executed in the years 1787» 1788, and 1789- The subjects have been selected with a most judicious appropriation to the character and circumstances of the Royal structure which they adorn. 62 The Surrender of Calais to Edward III. An Entertainment given by Edward III. after defeating the French in their attempt upon Calais. The passage of Edward III. over the river Somme. The Interview between the King and his victorious Son, the Black Prince, after the battle of Cressy, in 1346. The Battle of Poictiers. The Battle of Neville's Cross. . The first Installation of the Order of the Garter in St. George's Chapel. The King's Presence-chamber. — Another Portrait of Charles II. with various allegorical figures, forms the best ceiling picture in the Castle. In this apartment were the other four of the Cartoons of Raphael, which have been removed to Hampton-Court. The remaining pictures are, Prometheus, by young Palma ; Charles II. and James II. by Sir Peter Lely ; King William and Queen Mary, by Sir Godfrey Kneller ; Queen Anne, after Sir Godfrey Kneller ; George II. and Queen Caroline, by Zeeman. Their present Majesties, by Ramsay ; Dun's Scotus, by Spagnoletto. The King's Guard-chamber. — The ceiling is painted in water colors, and represents the Pagan Deities of War, Peace, and Plenty, with ornamental trophy Avork. The magazine of arms and Avarlike instru ments, are arranged in various fanciful devices. The armour of Edward the Black Prince is placed over the door, which opens into St. George's Hall. In this room the Knights of the Garter dine, on the occasion of an Installation of that Order, when the Sovereign does not honor the ceremonial with his presence. The paintings in this room are the por trait of Charles XL King of Sweden, on Horseback, by Wyck, and eight views of Battles and Sieges, by Rugendas. 63 At the North end of this chamber a building has been lately erected, which is to be called Blenheim Tower, in Avhich will be deposited the banner of ancient France, annually delivered at the Castle on the 2d of August, from the Duke of Marlborough, by Avhich feudal ensign and ceremonial he holds Blenheim, in Oxfordshire. This banner was formerly deposited in a closet in Queen Elizabeth's Gallery, which is no longer shown. St. George's Hall. — This magnificent apartment, which is one hundred and eight feet in length, is dedicated to the Festal Assembly of the most noble Order of the Garter. In a large oval in the centre of the ceiling, Charles II. is represented in the habit of the Order, attended by the personifications of England, Scotland, and Ireland, with various attri butes allegorically displayed. Near the Throne, on Avhich the Sovereign is seated, appears St. George's Cross, encircled by the garter within a star, and supported by winged boys, with the motto, Honi soit qui mal y pense. In the lower compartments of the ceiling is the collar of the garter, supported by boys of a similar description, and encom passed with various characters, emblematic of this most illustrious Order of Knighthood. On the North wall of this noble room, is painted the triumph of Edward the Black Prince, son of Edward the Third, Founder of the Order. At the East end of the Hall is the Sovereign's Throne, the ascent to which is by three steps of marble, to which the pencil of the painter added three more on the wall ; and they Avere so skillfully managed, as, at a certain distance, to deceive the eye, and give them the appearance of reality. Above was painted a large canopy Avith its drapery, on which was represented St. George encountering the Dragon : beneath it Avas the portrait of William III. in the habit of the Order, painted by Sir Godfrey Kneller. On the drapery was displayed the motto, Veniendo restituit rem. The canopy on the cove of the ceiling, and the upper part of the wall, still remain ; but the figure of King 64 William, and the lower part of the painting, have given way to an improved finishing of that part of the Hall. The carved and gilt screen that went round the Throne, is converted into a handsome music-gallery over it, in which is an organ. Beneath is a canopy, brought from Han over. At the lower end of this spacious room is a gallery enriched with gilding and carved work, supported by four figures, representing, as it is said, a father and his three sons, whom Edward the Blaek Prince had taken prisoners in battle. Over this gallery is the following inscription : Antonius Verrio, Neapolitanus, Non ignobili stirpe natus, Augustissimi Regis Caroli Secundi Sancti et Georgii Molem hanc Felicissima Manu, Decoravit. St. George's, or The King's Chapel. — This Chapel adjoins the Hall. The ceiling represents the Resurrection. Over the Communion table is a picture of the Last Supper ; and on the North wall are painted several of the Miracles of Christ. The various carved work, by Gibbon, is displayed in scriptural devices : but this Chapel has been dismantled of its canonical furniture, with the design of being converted into a Saloon ; when a new Chapel was to be built in the Court adjoining, called Horn-Court. On the ground floor of the Castle, and immediately beneath the Ball-room, is a spacious apartment, which Avas fitted up in the year 1805, for the reception of the Knights of the Garter at an installation. It is called the Admirals' Gallery, and contains the following pictures : 65 Sir William Penn, for whose services, added to debts due to him from the crown, the province of Pensylvania was granted to his son, by Sir Peter Lely. The Earl of Sandwich, ditto. Prince Rupert, ditto. The Duke of Albemarle, ditto. Sir Thomas Tiddyman, ditto. Sir Joseph Jordan, ditto. Sir Jeremiah Smith, ditto. Sir William Bartlett, ditto. Sir Christopher Mimms, ditto. Sir John Hardman, ditto. Sir George AskeAV, ditto. Sir John Lawson, ditto. Sir Thomas Allen, ditto. Edward III. by Belcamp. Edward the Black Prince, • • • ¦ ditto. James Duke of York, with a Page, who was afterwards John Duke of Marlborough, by Gasker. A view of Boscobel, in Staffordshire, by Streetor : a picture of con siderable size, representing a bird's-eye view of the manor-house and sur rounding country. But the feature, which gives the principal interest to the scene, is King Charles the Second, concealing himself in the branches of a spreading oak, Avhile a troop of the parliament forces are passing nigh in search of him. C&e Hotmij Cotoer, AND LITTLE PARK. Between the two Wards of the Castle, on the spot Avhich is some times called the Middle Ward, stands the Keep, or Round ToAver, built on a lofty artificial mount : its curtain is the only battery in the Castle, on which are mounted seventeen pieces of ordnance. This statelv structure is the residence of the principal officers intrusted Avith the charge of the Castle. These honorary appointments are at present held by The Right Hon. the Earl of Harrington, Governor. The Hon. Lincoln Stanhope, Deputy Governor. The Hon. Georgiana Townshend, Housekeeper. The Office of Governor, or, as it Avas formerly denominated, Constable of the Castle, is of great antiquity and honor, as well as extensive authority, both civil and military. He is invested Avith full powers to guard the Castle against all enemies, foreign and domestic, and to take charge of all prisoners brought thither. Lord Surrey, the disciple, or rather the imitator of Petrarch, and one of our early poets, was confined in this Castle, for violating the Canons of the Church, by eating flesh in Lent. His imprisonment, says Doctor Thomas Warton, gave occasion to one of his most sentimental and pathetic poems.1 Its intimate connexion Avith the subject of our history and the commendation bestoAved upon it by this celebrated critic will render any apology for its insertion unnecessary. 1 Hist, of English Poetry, Vol. III. p. 12. 67 So cruel prison, how coulde betyde, alas, As proude Windsor ! where I, in lust and joye, With a Kinges sonne my childishe yeres did passe, In greater feast than Priam's sonnes of Troye. Where eche swete place returnes a taste full sower : The large grene courtes where we were wont to hove," With eyes cast up into the mayden's tower/ And easie sighes, such as men draw in love : The statelie seates, the ladies bright of huve, The daunces shorte, long tales of great delight, With wordes and lookes that tygers coud but ruve, Where ech of us did pleade the other's right. The palme-play,3 where dispoyled for the game,* With dazed yies, oft we by gleams of love Have mist the bell, and got sight of our dame To bayte her eyes which kept the leads above. The gravel ground, with sieves tied on the helme On fomyng horse, with swordes and frendly hartes, With cheare s as though one should another whelme, Where we have fought and chased oft with dartes. * To hove, to loiter in expectation. So Chaucer, Troil. Cress, bk. 5. ver. 33. x The maiden tower was common to other castles, and means the principal tower, of the greatest strength and defence. Maiden is a corruption of the old French magne, or mayne, great. Thus Maidenhead, (properly Maydenhithe,) in Berkshire, signifies the great port, or wharf, on the river Thames. So also May den-Bradley, in Wiltshire, is the great Bradley. The old Roman camp near Dorchester, in Dorsetshire, a noble work, is called Maiden-Castle, the capital fortress of those parts. We have Maiden-Down, in Somersetshire, with the same signification. — A thousand other instances might be given. 3 At Ball. 4 Rendered unfit, or unable, to play. 5 Looks 68 The secret groves, which oft we made resounde, Of pleasant playnt, and of our ladies praise, Recording ofte what grace ech one had founde, What hope of speede, what drede of long delayes. The wilde forest, the clothed holtes * with grene, With raynes avayled,1 and swift ybreathed horse, With crie of houndes, and merry blastes betwene Where we did chase the fearful harte of force. The wide vales 3 eke, that harbourd us ech night Wherewith, alas, reviveth iu my brest The sweete accord ! Such slepes as yet delight : The pleasant dreames, the quiet bed of rest. The secret thoughts imparted with such trust ; The wanton talke, the divers change of play ; The frendship sworne, eche promise kept so just Wherewith we past the winter night away. And with this thought the bloud forsakes the face ; The teares berayne my chekes of deadly huve, The which as sone as sobbing sighs, alas, Upsupped have, thus I my plaint renuve ! 1 Thick woods. 1 With loosened reins. So in his Fourth iEneid, the fleet is " ready to avayle ;" that is, " loosen from shore" So used by Spencer and Chaucer. 3 Probably the true reading is wales, or walls ; that is, lodging, apartments, &c. These Poems were very corruptly printed by Tottel. 69 " O place of blisse, renuver of my woes ! " Give me accompt, where is my noble fere" " Whom in thy walles thou dost " ech night enclose " To others leefe, but unto me most dere !" Eccho, alas, that doth my sorrowrew, Returnes therto a hollow sound of playnte. Thus I alone, where all my freedom grew, In prison pine, with bondage and restrainte : And with remembrance of the greater griefe, To banish th' lesse, I find my chief reliefe. The last state prisoner confined there was Marshal Belleisle. As a civil officer, the Constable is Judge of a Court of Record, held by pre scription, for the determination of pleas, Avithin the precincts of Windsor Forest, and its liberties, which an old manuscript description of this manor, written by John Norden, and preserved in the British Museum, represents as seventy miles in circumference. From this court an appeal might be made, by Avrit of error, returnable in the King's Bench, or * Companion. * We should read didst. — The comparison of his past and present circumstances, recals their juvenile sports and amusements, which were more to be regretted, as young Richmond was now dead. Having described some of these with great elegance, he recurs to his first idea by a beautiful apostrophe. He appeals to the place of his confinement, once the source of his highest pleasures. " O place of bliss, renuver of my woes ! And where is now my noble friend, my companion in these delights, who was once your inhabitant ! Echo alone either pities or answers my question, and returns a plaintive hollow sound!" He closes his complaint with an affecting and pathetic sentiment, much in the style of Petrarch — " To banish the miseries of my present distress, I am forced on the wretched expedient of remembering a greater !" This is the consolation of a warm fancy. It is the philosophy of poetry. 70 Common Pleas at Westminster ; but its practice is at present suspended. As chief Forester he has cognizance of all offences against the Forest laws* with power to imprison offenders : but the prison, the room where the Court of Record Avas held, and the apartments of its officers, which were at the entrance of the lower ward, are now converted into a magazine, guard-room, and apartments for the officers on guard in the Castle. _zAeu-n*t ',tfa\ (:>cu>Hr?. J.lm^nJuia.-:f-2. MarchJ ' W3.~by7,tiiimrul '2L-. .t JJarty- JtreO,. Gnentkih S^iul 71 The first Governor of Windsor Castle, who was appointed bj' William the Conqueror, by the name of Castellan, Avas Walter Fitz-Other, ancestor of the Earls of Plymouth, who, from that circumstance, took the name of De Windsor. Hubert Walter, Lord Chancellor, and Archbishop of Canterbury, Avas made Keeper of Windsor Castle and Forest by King John, in 1201 ; Sir Simon de Burley, K. G. was appointed to this high office by Richard II. 1377, and it was confirmed to him for life, in 1383 ; Sir Piers de Courteney, son of Hugh, Earl of Devon, was made constable in 1389 ; Sir John Stanley was constable in 1409 ; John Walerton, in the reign of Henry V. ; Edmund Beaufort, Earl of Dorset, afterwards Duke of Somerset, in 1439 ; and Thomas Windsor, a descendant of the first Governor, in 1483. During the Protectorate of Cromwell, this office was held by the learned Sir Bulstrode Whitlocke : it has since been successively filled by Henry Duke of Norfolk ; George Duke of Northumberland ; Charles Earl of Carlisle ; Charles Duke of St. Alban's ; the last Duke of Montagu ; and the late Earl of Cardigan : the Earl of Harrington is the present constable. The entrance is through a square paved court, in which is a reservoir of water, contrived in the reign of Charles II. to receive the drains from the upper leads. The court is hung round Avith buckets, to be employed in any accidental fire. Here was also erected, in the year 1784, an engine for raising Avater upAvards of three hundred and seventy feet ; but the contrivance failed of its object. The ascent to the upper apartments is by a flight of an hundred stone steps, guarded by a cannon planted at the top, and levelled at the entrance. The Guard Chamber contains a small magazine of arms, curiously disposed. They consist of ancient matchlocks, whole, half, and quarter pikes, with bandoleers of various figures. The cornice is decorated with breast-plates, helmets, and drums, &c. fancifully arranged. Over the chimney the Star and Garter are carved in wood, encompassed with 72 arms. The pillars of the door opening into the dining-room, are com posed of pikes, on the top of which are two coats of mail, said to be those of John, King of France, and David, King of Scotland, Avho were prisoners here : they are both inlaid with gold ; the former Avith fleurs de lis, and the latter with thistles. In the centre of the staircase leading to the dining-room, is an engraved horse-shield, encompassed Avith arms, which is said to have belonged to David Bruce, as also some pieces of King James and King William. The tapestry of the dining-room is disposed in six compartments, and represents the history of Hero and Leander. The bedchamber is also hung writh tapestry, which is wrought with gold and silver. The other rooms do not merit particular notice. The summit of the building presents a view of great extent, and replete with variety and beauty. The windings of the Thames through a wide display of country ; the blended succession of toAvns and villages, open cultivated country, and emb'oAvered mansions, Avith the scenery of the forest, forms a circumjacent landscape, a panorama at once beautiful and magnificent, which no pencil can distinctly delineate, or language accurately describe. The names of the following counties, Avhich are visible from the top of the Tower, are inscribed on a board. They are tAvelve in number. Middlesex, Essex, Hertford, Berks, Bucks, Oxford, Wilts, Hants, Surry, Sussex, Kent, and Bedford. On a clear day, the dome of St. Paul's may be distinguished. The royal standard, Avhich is fourteen yards long and eight broad, is displayed on the summit of the Tower when the King is at Windsor, and on all state holidays. We feel it impossible to quit this proud and interesting feature of the Castle, Avithout expressing our regret, that any opinion should have been urged, which procured the authority to fill up the fosse that once sur rounded it. The majestic trees Avhich shaded its deep abyss, and Avhose tops had almost reached the frowning battlements of the Keep, gave it a characteristic and solemn dignity Avhich age alone can produce. We 73 trust that no further trace of its antique grandeur will/be removed; -that the almost irremediable demolition which has been permitted, will proceed no further. Adjoining to the Little Park, and opposite to the south side of the Castle, is the Queen's Lodge. It Avas formerly called the King's House, but after its enlargement for the residence of the Royal Family, it received its present name. At a small distance from it is another handsome mansion that belonged to the Duke of St. Albans, of whom it was pur chased by his present Majest}', and is called the LoAver Lodge. Since their Majesties have made the Castle the place of their residence, these buildings are occupied by persons belonging to the household, or occa sional visitors. The Little Park extends on the east and north sides of the Castle, and contains about five hundred acres of land, parts of Avhich are beauti fully shaded Avith trees. It is about four miles in circumference, and was inclosed with a brick Avail by William III. It is chiefly stocked with sheep, cattle, and a small herd of red deer : it also abounds Avith hares, and afforded his Majesty the di\rersion of coursing. The ground on the north Avas laid out as a garden in the reign of Queen Anne, and the outlines of the parterres Avere visible till, some years since, they were levelled and formed into a spacious lawn. At the same time, the emi nence on the east, Avhich had been converted into a bowling-green for the amusement of Charles II., Avas considerably lowered. The earth taken from the summit was spread on the declivity of the hill, which has been planted with forest trees, and has added a pleasing feature to the scene. On the south east is the Ranger's Lodge, the Royal Dairy, and a kennel for the King's Harriers. This part of the Park Avas, within these few years, distinguished by a venerable tree, immortalised by Shakespeare, and known by the appellation of Heme's Oak. K 74 In the Merry Wives of Windsor, Mrs. Page recounts the traditionary story of Heme in these lines, There is an old tale goes, that Heme the Hunter, Some time a keeper here in Windsor Forest, Doth all the winter time, at still of midnight, Walk round about an Oak, with ragged horns ; And there he blasts the tree and takes the cattle, And makes milch-kine yield blood, and shakes a chain In a most hideous and dreadful manner. The traditional account is, that Heme Avas a keeper of the forest in the timeof Elizabeth, and having committed some offence which would have occasioned a dismissal from his office, took the desperate resolution to hang himself upon this oak. The credulity of the times may be supposed to have encouraged the story that his ghost haunted the spot; and con sequently rendered it a fit scene of action to expose the cowardice of the lascivious knight. This celebrated tree has been lately cut doAvn ; but the people of Windsor show their respect for it by the estimation in AA'hich they hold the little articles of furniture and ornament, that have been formed from its remains. The toav of trees called Queen Elizabeth's Avalk, from the belief that they Avere planted by the direction of that Princess, has also yielded to the stroke of the axe. The present ranger is His Royal Highness the Duke of York. Cfje (Stoat ^arfe. J. his Park, on the death of the late Ranger, his Royal Highness the Duke of Cumberland, in the year 1791. reverted to his Majesty, since which period it has undergone a variety of useful and material alterations. The principal entrance is skirted by a majestic avenue of trees, which extends three miles in length, through the lower part of the Park, and terminates at the summit of a bold rise, which commands a prospect of vast extent and uncommon beauty. Near this spot is Cumberland Lodge, a handsome edifice, which was the residence of the late Royal Ranger, and his illustrious predecessor, William Duke of Cumberland, to Avhom it was granted in the year 1744.1 It is noAV undergoing considerable alterations, preparatory to its becoming the summer residence of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent. It is rich in forest scenery, and possesses that variety of surface, Avhich is essential to landscape ; but its more attractive circumstances may be thought to arise, from its having become the scene of splendid and curious agriculture, under the 1 The Rangership of the Great and Little Parks was given about the year 1696, to the Earl of Portland : on his death in 17 19, it was granted to Sarah Duchess of Marlborough, by Queen Anne, for three lives, at the expiration of which term, that of the Great Park was given to his Royal Highness William Duke of Cumberland. 76 direction of his present Majesty. The Ranger's Lodge, together Avith a great part of the Park, is Avithin the parish of Old Windsor. This Park, according to Norden's Survey, contained 3650 acres, but according to the last survey, Avhen his Majesty was pleased to reserve it to his OAvn immediate disposition, it appeared to consist of 3800 acres, of which about 200 acres were covered Avith water, 200 plantation, 300 meadow, and 200 in arable. The remainder was in park. The arable land Avas ill selected and disposed ; and instead of lying compact, was scattered in pieces, a mile or two apart ; some of it was in single parcels, surrounded Avith high pales, separating fine valleys, and concealing ground of the most beautiful shapes. The greatest part of the Park Avas covered with high ant-hills, moss, fern or rushes, and abounded in bogs and swamps, which, in many places, it Avas dangerous to cross. There were about 3000 deer, in very bad health and condition, kept in it. In this state, it fell into his Majesty's hands; and the whole has been since managed in such a manner, as not only to be greatly improved in its general beauty, but, in parts of it, to have become a practical school of agriculture. The Park is now reduced to 1800 acres. The detached pieces of arable, Avhich intersected and concealed some of the finest parts of it, are laid down and thrown into it. The wet parts are rendered firm and sound, by the Essex mode of under-ground draining. The rushes are Aveakened and destroyed, by draining and rolling ; the moss and small hillocks extirpated, by harrowing ; the large ant-hills cleared, by the scarifier ; the fern weakened by mowing ; the irregular banks levelled ; the pits filled up ; the vallies opened and smoothed ; the hills ornamented with new plantations ; and the stiff lines of trees, the vestiges of former hedge-rows, judiciously broken ; by which means, a renewed * The agricultural account of these farms is correctly given from Mr. Kent's statement ; and though subsequent experiments may have produced some change in the process of their cultivation, the general principle continues to predominate. 77 beauty is produced in every part; and it is apparent that the Park thus diminished, supports the same number of deer as it did before, and in the best health and condition. The remainder of what was park, being about 1,200 acres, may be considered as a neAv creation of fertility, rich in its produce, and charming from its variety. At the extreme north end of the Park, about 200 acres are added to about half that quantity of the old meadow land, Avhich form what is called the Flemish Farm ; about 80 acres of which are in arable, and Avere originally cropped alternately, as the land is invariably in Flanders, for man and beast. The soil, however, being found very strong and heavy, the plan has been in some degree relinquished, for a mode adopted in some parts of Gloucestershire. First year, Avheat ; second, cabbage or clover; third, oats; fourth, beans. The arable land on this farm is 160 acres. At the opposite end of the Park, towards the great western road, that passes over Bagshot Heath, is the Norfolk Farm. It consists of about 1000 acres, half of which is allotted to sheep Avalks ; the remainder is disposed in arable land, managed under a five course shift of a hundred acres each : first, wheat or rye ; second, vetches, rye, and potatoes ; third, turnips; fourth, barley or oats ; fifth, clover. The ploughing is chiefly performed with the Norfolk plough ; and, from the advantage of running sheep in the Park, this farm has been rendered surprisingly productive; so that a great part of it, Avhich produced nothing but heath and moss, and Avould have been dear at five shillings an acre to rent, now produces crops worth more than the original fee simple of the land. From 600 to 800 Wiltshire Avethers are commonly kept as a folding stock. The irre gular ground which surrounds the beautiful lake, called Virginia Water, has been disposed into a separate Avalk for Ryeland Avethers, as best adapted to the coarseness of the herbage. At the same time the waste water of the lake gives motion to an overshot mill, Avhich has been erected 78 to grind corn for the laborers. Here a sufficiency of corn, two-thirds wheat and one-third rye, is ground, dressed, and given to them at Is. 4d. per stone of fourteen pounds, in quantities suitable to their families, which is a saving of at least 20 per cent, from what it would cost them to buy it from the mealmen or shopkeepers. The flour ground by this mill is also sold to the laborers and other workmen in the Park at 6s. 8d. per bushel, let the price of wheat be Avhat it may. The comparative advantages of the labor of horses and oxen have long divided the opinion of experimental agriculturalists : but the practice of his Majesty has induced him to decide in favor of oxen, which have been found to answer so Avell in his different farms, parks, and gardens, that not a horse is noAV kept for the purpose of husbandry. The oxen kept on the farms and in the Park are 200. Forty are yearly purchased as succession oxen ; the same number are fatted and sold, and 120 are under Avork. The absurd practice of coupling these animals with yokes, is abandoned, and collars only are used : in this state their step is more free, and their labor performed Avith greater ease. They are also used Avithout shoeing. The kinds employed are suited to the soils and busi ness. On the light soils, the Devonshire sort are used ; on those which are more strong and heavy, the Herefordshire kind are employed : for carting, harroAving, and rolling, those of Glamorganshire. The Avorking oxen are generally divided into teams of six, and as one of that number is daily rested, no ox labors more than five days in the Aveek. This treatment enables the animal to retain his strength, Avith the ordinary keep. Harder labor and higher feed Avould be injurious; for the nature of the ox Avill not admit of his being kept in condition, like a horse, artificially, by pro portioning his food to increased exertions. Their summer food is only a few vetches, and Avhat they obtain from the leasowes, or coarse meadoAvs. In w inter they have cut hay and Avheat straAV, one third of the latter being mixed with two thirds of the former. 79 Such is the general state of the agricultural improvements Avhich have been effected in the Great Park of the Castle : at the same time, a studious attention has been paid to its landscape beauty, which has been evidently increased. From some points, the views are peculiarly picturesque, as well as romantic, and exhibit delightful examples of forest scenery. Virginia Avater, Avhich forms a noble lake, terminates in a grand fall, that is afterwards broken with considerable judgment into several streams, flowing through artificial rock-work, and giving a very pleasing variety to the scene. The Belvidere on Shrubs Hill commands the whole of this view, as Avell as a prospect of great extent. It is a triangular building, Avith a tower at each corner, and contains an elegant banqueting-room. It stands on a pleasing eminence, surrounded with a fine grove; and Avas erected by his late Royal Highness William Duke of Cumberland. But, as Mr. Kent has judiciously observed, in his Letter, on the subject, to the Society for encouraging Arts, Manufactures, and Commerce, the true light in Avhich the improvements in this Park are to be considered, refers to the public utility connected Avith them. For as it is an incontrovertible fact, that the reduced number of acres in the Park, from their improved state, support as many deer and other cattle as the whole did before, the produce from the farms may be considered as clear gain : and as the crop of wheat and rye from the 140 acres sown, upon the most moderate calculation, may be set at 3360 bushels; and, alloAving nine bushels to a human mouth, this gives a yearly provision in bread for 400 people, exclusive of the fatting off of forty oxen, the breed of 800 sheep, and the growth of, at least, 5000 bushels of oats and beans, all of which, it must be observed, the Avork being done entirely by oxen, goes in aid of the public market. Ultnteor jForest J. his royal domain was formerly of much greater extent than appears from the surveys of modern times, as it once comprised a part of Bucking hamshire, as Avell as a considerable district in the County of Surrey, and ranged over the whole of the south eastern part of Berkshire, as far as Hungerford. The vale of the Kennet, was disforested by charter in 1226.' The Forest, on the Surrey side of the Thames, included Cobham and Chertsey ; and, following the course of the Wey, extended up to the toAvn of Guildford, as appears by a survey taken atthelast Court of SAveinmote, about the middle of the 17th century, now in possession of T. B. Richards, Esq. Its original circumference was computed at 120 miles ; but according toNorden's map, taken in the year l607>its circuit Avas seventy-seven miles and a half, exclusive of the liberties extending into Buckinghamshire, the exact limits of Avhich he could not ascertain.* According to Roque's Map of Berkshire, and subsequent surveys made under the * Cart. 11. Hen. 3. * In the British Museum. 81 authority of two acts of the 46th and 47th of his present Majesty, for inquiring into the state of Windsor Forest, ascertaining its boundaries, and the lands of the Crown within the same, its circumference appears, at this time, to be about fifty-six miles. It extends into the five hundreds of Ripplesmere, Cookham, Charlton, Wargrave, and Soninge, compre hending the whole of some of them, and part only of others. The entire parishes within its circuit are twelve in number, but including parts of five others. It contains also fifteen principal or chief manors, with several subordinate or mesne manors within them. The whole quantity of land in the Forest, according to the survey made by John Robinson, Esq. surveyor of the woods in the year 1789, and three following years, amounts to 59,600 acres, in Acres. R. P. Inclosed property of the Crown 5,454 2 6 Individuals 29,025 2 36 Open Avood-lands on the wastes of different manors . 2,230 0 28 Open heath and commons, &c 22,333 0 39 Land covered with water 165 1 9 Encroachments claimed by the Crown 491 0 2 59,600 0 0 The number of deer have of late years been very much diminished, there being no more than 318 deer in the Avhole forest: and by a return made in November, 1731, the herd then consisted of 1300.' The officers of the Forest are a Lord Warden and his Deputy, four Verderers, an Out Ranger, Steward of the Forest Courts, Riding Forester, ' See Second Report of the Commissioners, on the state of the Forest of Windsor, &c. L 82 Woodward, Head Keeper, and Under Keepers of the fifteen different walks into which the Forest is divided. The present Lieutenant, or Lord Warden, is his Royal Highness the Duke of York, and the Earl of Harcourt Deputy Lieutenant of Windsor Forest. The following extracts from a description of this Forest, as given by J. Norden, Surveyor of the Woods to James I., and copied from the original in the British Museum, cannot but be considered as a curious and interesting addition to the account which has here been given of it. A Description of the Honor of Windesor, Namelie, of the Castle, Foreste, Walkes, Parkes, Rayles, Lodges, fyc. Townes, Parishes, Hamletts, Howses of Note, Woodes, Riuers, Rills, Brookes, Bridges, Hills, Highwaies, and all other thinges memorable, within, or belonging unto the saide Honor, and the Liberties of the same, Liynge within, and extending into, the Counties of Barke, Surrey, and Buckingham, taken and performed by the Perambulation, XJiew, and Delineation of John Norden. In Anno 1607. — Suauispost laborem finis. To the Most Mightie and Magnificent Prince, James, by Diuine Grace, Kinge of Great Bri- tane, France, and Ireland, and of all the lies and Seas adiacent, sole Emperor, Principal main- tainer of the most true Christian Religion, Yovre Maiesties Loyall Poore Subiect, John Norden, most humbli exhibiteth theis his imposed Labors of the Description of your Maiesties Castle and Honor of Windsore, aud the Principall Particulars belonging to the same. TABLE I. In this table is contained an ample and trew description of your Maiesties Castle of Windesor, the chappell, and of all other materiall things thereof, as far as by a topographicall delineation can be expressed. It seemeth, that before this Castle came to its full perfection of beautie and strength, it belonged to the Abbot of Westminster, with whom William the Conqueror exchanged for other thinges, as appeareth by the wordes of a charter thereof made, viz. Cum consensu et fauore vene- 83 rabilis Abbatis Westmonastery conuentionem feci de regia possessione Windlesora quod locus ille utilis et comodus uisus est propter contiguam aquam, et siluam uenatibus aptam. Et alia plura quae ibi sunt Regibus comoda, imo regia? prehendationi aptus existit pro qua Wokendune et Feringes concessi, 8tc. In this place Edward III. was borne, who increased and beautefied the buildings, and fortefied the same with towres and deepe drye ditches. John Kinge of France, and Dauide Kinge of Scotland, being vanquished by the same Edward, were prisoners in this place. This Castle is diuided, (as it were) into two partes, whereof the upper parte belongeth onlye to your Maiestie. And the lower, for the moste parte, to the ecclesiasticall gouernors and almes knightes. In which lower parte is that beautiful chappell consecrate to S. Marie the Virgine, and to St. George by Kinge Edward IV. In this chappell is usuallie solempnized the indowment of the worthie nobles, with the dignitie of the order of the garter, founded by Edward III. And as some thincke by Richard I. There belong vnto this chappell a deane and twelve prebendes. There are also twelve poore knightes or soldiers, for so are they, or owghte to be, by the insti tution which intitles, milites, soldiers, or knightes, for the title of knighte is the approbation of a deserving soldiere. Also within this Castle is a rounde towre, called Winchester towre, costelie raysed vpou an artificial mount verie auntient. There belong unto the libertie of this Castle, sundrie Bayliwickes lyinge within seuerall Shires. The Seaven Hundredes of Cookeham et Braye, and the Hundred of Sunninge, within Barkshire; the Manaors of Vpton and Burneham ; the Manaors of Wicadesbery and Langley Maries ; the Manor of Datchet, the Manor of Farneham Royall ; the Manor of Eaton, within Buckingham shire ; the Hundredes of Oking ; the libertie of Oking, and the Hundred of Godley within Surrey. Together also with their foram liberties, namelie, the Liberty of the Ladie Elizabeth Piriam, of the Hundred of Wargraue ; the Libertie of Sir Henrie Neuell, of his Hundred of Wargraue ; the Libertie of the Manor of Bustlisham, within Barkshire ; the Libertie of Andrew Windlesore, Esq. of his Manor of Eaton ; the Libertie of Sir Edw. Cooke, Lorde Chiefe Justice of the Cornon Plees, of his Manor of Stoke Poges, within Buckinghamshire. All theis are liable to the Castle warrantes; though for want of due exequation, some of them begin to be denied, and the warrantes disobayd, the true limites and boundes being also nere worne out of knowledge, and will shortlie be worne out of mind without meanes of reformation. 84 TABLE II. Swinley Walke, Sir Henrie Neuell keper ' 100 deere : antler ; stags Easthamstead Walk, Sir Richard Comsbie keper- 'Barkshire. < Redd «< Deere, Sandhurste Walke, Sir Charles Howard / > keper Bigshott Walke, Sir Charles Howard J C 100 dee \ 30 of 8 t 16 staj { i i ^Fynes Bayliwicke, Sir Henry Neuell keper, by inheritance 'Chertsey Walke, Sir Richarde Weston keper 40 deere 15 of antler 6 stags 70 deere 32 of antler 16 stags 100 deere 40 of antler 18 stags 6 stags ) 200 deere ) 80 of antler • 30 stags ..Surrey. <[ Egham Walke, Windlesham Walke, Brookewood Walke, Purbrighte Walke, Frimley Walke, Creswell keper • Walters keper- • • Twitcher keper ¦ Hobson keper- • • Taylor keper • • i deere " antler 12 stags 300 deere ^Ashe Walke, Sir Richard Weston keper, with Linchforde ^ 100 of antler 50 stags Beare Wood Walke, Sir Francis Knoles keper- • • Crambourne Walke, Sir Richard Louelaee keper • New Lodge Walke, Stafordton keper • • f 70 de ¦\ 30 of L 12 sta {10de. 20 of 8 St£ f 180 de S 70 of t 30 sta f 200 de* • < 70 of t 20 sts { { {80 de 30 of 14 bu { { deere antler 8 stags i deere " antler 30 stags deere antler stags 16 deere 7 of antler 4 stags deere antler bucks '110 deere 120 of antler 11 bucks ' 200 deere 80 of antler 40 bucks By inform- ^ ation 310 Intoto ¦ 1332 'ofstags 212 By inform ation 1016 By information 830 of bucks 109 J> Besides Fines Bayli wicke, Sir Henrie Neuells, the deer whereof are your Maiesties. The intervening tables are occupied with more enlarged accounts of the contents of Table II. drawn up in the following mode— and severally accompanied by a map of the ground, with a bird's-eye view of the houses and deer of the Park, &c. &c. There are likewise several bird's-eye views of the Castle. 85 TABLE XVI. In this table or mapp is contaiued the delineation of Langley Parke, liying within Buckingham shire, whereof M. Edmond Kederminster is keper, and hath about 140 fallow deere, about 35 of antler, about 14 buckes. This Parke is divided into two partes by a new erected pale. The groundes also differing in nature. The vpper grounde heath and full of bogges, vnprofitable and impassible. The lower grounde reduced to a better use, for the game, and more delightfuU to hunte in, by reason of the faire artificial lawns latelie made and leueled with maine conuenient and pleasant standinges. The circuite of this Parke is 6£ mile. It.paleth 75 mile, whereof certaine confining tenantes, by custome, doe pale about \. There is noe greate store of timber trees. This Parke is about 3\ mile from Windesore. TABLE XVII. Ditton Parke in Buckinghamshire, whereof Sir Charle Howard is chiefe keper under the Earl of Nottingham, and hath about 220 deere, about 50 of antler, and 20 buckes. The circuite of this Parke by the pale is 2J mile litle timber. It containeth in quantitie about 195 akers good grounde. THE ROYAL CHAPEL AND COLLEGIATE CHURCH OF ST. GEORGE. ' A his Chapel is situated in the Lower Ward of the Castle. Henry I. built a Chapel at Windsor, dedicated to St. Edward the Confessor, and placed in it eighty Canons, Avho received their maintenance from the 1 Among the different kinds of Chapels, each of which had, originally, some distinctive and peculiar character, may be named the Chapel of Ease, dependent on, or subordinate to, the Parish Church. Domestic Chapel, built for the purpose of domestic worship, and forms a part of the mansion. Free Chapel, founded by a monarch, with exemption from episcopal jurisdiction. The King may also license any subject to build and endow a Chapel, free from the visitation of the Ordinary. College Chapel, belonging to any collegiate foundation. The Collegiate Chapel, like that of St. George at Windsor, differs from a College Chapel, as it does not belong to a scholastic establishment, but to an ecclesiastical or monastic foundation. In England there are several Collegiate Churches, as Rippon, Westminster, Southwell, 8tc. but this at Windsor appears to be the only Collegiate Chapel now remaining, and retains this name from its having been founded by a King. Sepulchral Chapel contains an altar tomb for the interment of a family, and endowed for the officiation of priests. Chapels, according to Whitaker, were very early denomi nated Ecclesiola, or little churches, and in their origin are nearly as old as our churches them selves. — Arch. Antiq. v. 3. p. 22. 87 Royal Exchequer. This Chapel appears to have been rebuilt or consi derably enlarged, and decorated by King Henry III. In the year 1243, that monarch issued a commission to Walter de Grey, Archbishop of York, to expedite the works at the King's Chapel at Windsor, for which purpose he was ordered to impress workmen, and to take care that they should proceed, in the winter as well as in the summer, till the whole was completed ; that a lofty wooden roof, like that of the new work at Litchfield, should be made to appear like stone-work, with good ceiling and painting; that the Chapel should be covered with lead, and four gilded images be placed in it, Avhere the King had before directed images of the same kind to be stationed ; and that a stone turret should be made in front of the Chapel, of sufficient size to hold three or four bells.1 Nor is it a mere fanciful conjecture that, from the style of the arches and architectural decorations, some remains of the building of Henry III. are discoverable on the north side of the Dean's Cloisters, and at the east end of the Chapel, behind the altar. King Edward II. founded a chauntry for four chaplains and two clerks, and built a Chapel in the Park for four other chaplains, whom he afterwards removed to the Chapel in the Castle. King Edward III. Avho had been baptised at Windsor, rebuilt Saint Edward's Chapel there, and dedicated the new structure to the Virgin Mary and St. George. He augmented the number of canons to twenty- three, besides a warden, and appointed twenty-four poor knights; for all of whom he built habitations, and granted land for their support. In 1351, the College was settled upon a new establishment, by the Bishop of Winchester, Avho acted on the occasion, in the character of delegate from the Pope, and made to consist of a Custos or Warden, ^ k twelve secular canons, thirteen priests or vicars, four clerks, six choristers, ' Claus. Rot. 27. Hen. 111. p. 1. m. 5. 88 and twenty-six poor or alms knights, besides other officers. The title of Warden Avas changed to that of Dean in the reign of Henry IV., and the change was recognised by a charter of Henry VI. In the reign of Henry IV- the College was incorporated ; and, accord ing to the injunctions of that monarch, four Tuesdays in the year Avere set apart for commemorating the bounty of benefactors. A commemoration of this nature is still observed, on the Sunday preceding each quarter day, as directed by a statute of Queen Elizabeth. These are called Obit Sundays, Avhen a particular form, Avhich is to be found in the prayer-books printed for the use of the Chapel, is read in addition to the usual service of the day. The College now consists of a dean, tAvelve canons, seven minor canons, twelve lay clerks, one of Avhom is generally the organist, and ten choristers. The present beautiful structure, which rivals in size and character, and excels, in the variety and elegance of its enrichments, many of the Cathe dral Churches of this kingdom, displays a splendid specimen of that highly ornamented species of architecture, which prevailed towards the close of the 15th, and the beginning of the 16th centuries, Avas begun by King Edward IV., who, having found it necessary to take down the Old Chapel, on account of its decayed state, resolved to build another on the same site, on a larger scale, and committed the superintendance of the building to Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury. The work was not completed till the reign of Henry VIII., the beautiful roof of the choir having been put up in the last year of the preceding reign. Sir Reginald Bray, Prime Minister to Henry VII., and one of the Knights Companions of the Garter, who died in 1502, succeeded Bishop Beau- champ in the superintendance of this great work, and was a liberal contributor to the building of the choir, and other parts of this fabric. His cognizance is frequently repeated on the roof of the choir, as are the 89 royal arms, and those of several noble families, with the Order of the Garter. The rood loft and lanthern Avere erected in 1516, the early part of the reign of Henry VIII. For its present state of beauty, decoration, and improvement, this admirable and interesting structure, is indebted to the patronising taste and pious bounty of his present Majesty. Having thus given a general sketch of the history of this Collegiate Chapel, we shall endeavour to particularise, as far as authentic documents will enable us, the progressive circumstances of its history to the present period, Avhen it is regarded Avith every venerating sentiment of pleasure, as a rare example of the beauty of holiness." 1 The charter of 23d Edward III. sets forth, that he had been baptised in the Chapel of his Castle at Windsor, of eight secular canons, begun by his ancestors, in honor of God, his mother the glorious Virgin Mary, St. George, and Edward the Confessor, and that he had finished the same. That he had added to the aforesaid canons fifteen more, and a warden, twenty-four poor knights, to be maintained from the revenues of the Chapel, and other ministers under the direction of a warden : he and all of them to pray for him and his successors ; and, therefore, he had given them the patronage and advowson of Wyradsbury, in the diocese of Lincoln ; Southampton in that of Exeter ; and Uttoxeter in that of Litchfield and Coventry, which they might appropriate to their own uses, with a non obstante, to the statutes of Mortmain. Moreover, that they should be allowed out of his treasury so much as, with the revenues of the said churches, would be sufficient for their decent maintenance and expenses incumbent on them, until they should have lands, churches, See. settled on them to the yearly amount of one hundred pounds. Pope Clement the Sixth, by his bull, dated the ninth year of his pontificate, authorised the Archbishop of Canterbury and the Bishop of Winchester, to establish this Chapel, and to prescribe such rules and ordinances for the same, as they should think expedient for its regulations and government. The same Pope, by another bull, dated in the same year, exempted the said Chapel, and all that belonged to it, from the jurisdiction of the Archbishops and Bishops, placing the same immediately under the protection of the Apostolic see ; and allowing the warden thereof perpetual ecclesiastical jurisdiction over canons, priests, poor knights, and others belonging to the Chapel M 90 King Edward III. by letters patent, in the twenty-third year of his reign, appointed John Peyntour, Richard de Rochelle, Robert de Burnham, and other surveyors, whom he empoAvered to press heAvers of stone, carpenters, and other artificers; as Avell as to provide timber and other materials for the service of the Chapel. The same monarch, in the following year, granted to John de Spondlee' the office of Master of the Stone-hewers, and gave him poAver to take and press, as well within the liberties as without, so many masons and artifi cers as were necessary, and to convey them to Windsor, to Avork at the King's pay, but to arrest and imprison such as should disobey or refuse, until the King took other order : Avith a command to all Sheriffs, Mayors, Bailiffs, &c. to be assisting to him on the King's behalf. The folloAving year, this monarch appointed James de Dorchester % Sub- Constable of the Castle, to keep a control upon all provisions whatever, bought for the Avorks of the Chappell, as also on the payments made for the same, and all other things relating thereto.5 With this sacred structure he erected several houses near adjoining, for the commodious habitation of the Custos and Canons : and afterwards King Henry IV- granted a void place in the Castle called Wode-hawe, and cure of souls. The said warden, as an acknowledgment, to pay one mark sterling yearly to the Apostolic see. Edward III. in the twenty-fourth year of his reign, gave to the canons the advowson of Datchet, near Windsor, and by several after charters, he settled upon them other considerable property. By another charter in the same year, he allowed William Bohun, Earl of Northampton, t» confer on them the advowson of the Church of Dadynton. — Vide Dugdale's Monasticon. * Pat. 24. Edward III. p. 1. M. 21. a Pat. 25. Edw. III. p. 1. M. 10. 3 Ashmole, p. 135. 91 on the west end of this lower ward, for the erection of houses and cham bers for the vicars, clerks, choristers, and other officiating ministers of the Chapel. In 1356, the thirtieth year of Edward III. William de Wickham, who was afterwards promoted to the See of Winchester, and appointed the Second Prelate of the Garter, ' Avas constituted Surveyor or Clerk of the works at Windsor, with ample powers, which afterwards in the year 1359 were greatly enlarged. It is evident that some considerable architectural works were carried on at Windsor in the following year, though the means of specifying them are not now attainable, as three hundred and sixty men Avere impressed for that purpose, and directed to be there by the Sunday next after the feast of St. George. A great pestilence also having carried off several of the workmen, writs AVere issued in 1362, to the sheriffs of several counties, requiring them, under the penalties of two hundred pounds each, to send to Windsor, three hundred and two able and skilful masons and diggers of stone. From this time to the year 1369, artificers Avere annually pressed, according to Ashmole, and the buildings of Windsor diligently forwarded, among which may be included the Chapel of St. George, and its appro priate buildings. No further notices, however, are noAV to be found relative to this structure till 1390, the fourteenth year of the reign of Richard II. , when Geoffrey Chaucer, the poet, was appointed Clerk of the works to St. George's Chapel; Aviththe power to impress carpenters, stone-cutters, and other Avorkmen, for the operations necessary to the said Chapel, Avhich appears, at that time, from the language of the patent, to have 1 William de Edington, a native of Edington in Wiltshire, and Bishop of Winchester was appointed by the royal founder, in 1350, the first Prelate of the Garter. An interesting sketch of this Prelate's life is given in Milner's History of Winchester, Vol. I. 92 been in great want of repair.1 Chaucer, however, does not appear to have possessed the appointment of Clerk of the Avorks longer than above tAventy months ; as John Gedney held this office in the fifteenth and sixteenth years of Richard II. No circumstance of any importance is to be collected relating to this Chapel till the reign of Edward IV., who, in the first year of it, granted a charter confirming Avhatever grants had been made by Henry IV. and Henry V., whom he treats as Kings de facto and not dejure, and Avhose acts, being consequently void in themselves, required his confirmation. By subsequent charters he vested in this collegiate body several valua ble possessions, and in the eighth charter, granted in the nineteenth year of his reign, he recites and confirms all the grants of his predecessors, the last of Avhich is by King Henry VI. whom he treats as acting under a usurped title, and whose acts of course require that sanction Avhich he proceeds to give them. In the fifteenth year of his reign, this monarch appointed Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury, who, according to Gough, Avas consi dered as the Wickham of his day, master and surveyor of the Avorks at Windsor; indeed, the design and greater part of the present edifice are generally attributed to this prelate. He was constituted Chancellor of the Garter by his sovereign, Avho, in the preamble to the patent, says, " that out of mere love towards the order, he had given himself the leisure daily to attend to the advancement and progress of this goodly structure." 1 Life of Chaucer, vol. iv. p. 67. The patent of his appointment is to be found in the appendix to that volume, and is as follows. De Capella Castri regis Wyndesore emendanda. Rex dilecto armigero nostro Galfrido Chaucer, clerico operationum nostrarum, salutem. Scias quod assignavimus te ad capellam nostram collegialem Saucti Georgii, infra castrum nostrum de Wyndesore, &c. &c. &c. 93 Edward IV. having ordered the Chapel to be surveyed, and it being reported to him as being in a ruinous condition, and considering it, at the same time, deficient in stateliness and grandeur, formed an immediate design to re-erect it on a plan of real splendor and magnificence. For this purpose he employed the Bishop of Salisbury, giving him full power to remove whatever buildings might be impediments to his meditated plan ; particularly the ancient buildings on the east side of the Chapel, which reached to the walls on the north side of the Castle, where the towers commonly called Clure ys Tower, Le Amener ys Tower, and Barner ys Toaver were situated ; as Avell as those on the south side of the Chapel including the belfry. Thus from this new foundation arose, like a Phoenix out of its ashes, the elegant, beautiful, and enlarged struc ture, Avhich still remains a splendid example of this monarch's taste, piety, and munificence. He was also pleased to order residences to be built for the dean and canons on the north side of the Chapel, as Avell as those for the minor canons, raised at its Avestern end, in the form of a Fetter Lock, Avhich was thus vulgarly denominated, and was one of the royal badges of King Edward IV. Sir Reginald Bray, Prime Minister to King Henry VII., and one of the Knights Companions of the Order of the Garter, succeeded Bishop Beauchamp in the superintendence of this great work.' * This eminent, excellent, and distinguished person, who took a very active part in those measures which advanced the Earl of Richmond, afterwards Henry VII. to the throne, was the son of Sir Richard Bray, one of the Privy Council of Henry VI., who lies buried in the north aisle of Worcester Cathedral. His family came to England with the Conqueror, and florished in the Counties of Northampton and Warwick ; but Edmund, the father of Sir Richard, is styled of Eton in the County of Bedford, which continued the seat of the family for some descents. Whether Sir Reginald had taken part with Henry VI., or in what public transactions he was engaged, in the time of Edward VI. does not appear; but that he had not been an inactive spec tator of the varying, and important events of that period, may be reasonably conjectured, as he 94 That the Chapel of St. George at Windsor owes much to the skill, as well as to the munificence, of Sir Reginald Bray, there can be no doubt received a general pardon in the first year of King Richard III. He was Receiver-General to Sir Henry Stafford, who married Margaret Countess of Richmond, mother to the Earl of that title, afterwards Henry VII. and continued in her service after the death of Sir Henry, and her subsequent marriage with Thomas Lord Stanley. — When the Duke of Buckingham had concerted with Morton, Bishop of Ely, then his prisoner at Brecknock in AVales, the marriage of the Earl of Richmond with the Princess Elizabeth, daughter of Edward IV., as well as his advancement to the throne, the Bishop recommended Sir Reginald for the transaction of the affair with the Countess, telling the Duke that he had an old friend then in her service ; a man sober, secret, and well-witted, called Reginald Bray, whose mild sagacity and prudent policy he had known to have compassed matters of great importance ; and accordingly wrote to him in Lancashire, where he was with the Countess, to come to Brecknock with all speed. He immediately obeyed the sum mons, and being entrusted with the conduct of this important business, returned to the Countess, who having obtained the Queen Dowager's consent to the marriage, made Reginald the chief manager of the proposed scheme, and employed him to engage as many persons of distinction and consequence whom he could trust, to assist in the prosecution of it. In a few days, he brought in Sir Giles, afterwards Lord Daubeney, Sir John Cheney, Richard Guilford, Esquire, afterwards Sir Richard, who were all much employed by Henry when he ascended'the throne, Thomas Rame, Esquire, who was taken and executed by King Richard, and many others. Sir Reginald preserved the favor of Henry VII. as long as he lived, and received great honors and accumulated wealth from the affectionate bounty of his royal master. He was made a Knight banneret, but whether on the field after the battle of Bosworth, or on Blackheath when the Cornish rebels were routed, is uncertain. He was also made a Knight of the Bath at the King's coronation ; and in the first year of his reign, his Majesty appointed him Joint Chief Justice, with Lord Fitzwalter, of all the forests south of Trent, and called him to the Board of Privy Council. He was afterwards chosen one of the Knights of the Garter, appointed Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, High Steward of Oxford, 8cc. Stc. He was at the battle of Blackheath, when Lord Audley having joined the Cornish rebels, was taken prisoner, and having suffered the punish ment due to his treason, his estates were forfeited, when his manors of Shere, Vachery, and Cranley, in the County of Surrey, with a considerable estate, were given to Sir Reginald. He also held the Isle of Wight, in fee farm from the King, at three hundred marks per aunum. His skill in architecture is established by his works in the Chapel at Windsor, and it may be presumed, by that of Henry VII. at Westminster, which it cannot be supposed was begun and 95 His arms, sometimes single, sometimes impaling, with those of Huse, into Avhich family he married, and his device of a flax-breaker, are in so many parts of the ceiling and windoAvs, that they would not have been placed there, without a more than ordinary claim to such a position of them. The Chapel on the south side, still called Bray's Chapel, was built by him to receive his body, as appears by his will, which is dated August 4, 1503, and he thereby directs that his body shall be buried in the Chapel on the south side of the Church of our Lady and St. George, in the Castle of Windsor, which he had expressly made for that intent, and also, in honor of Almighty God, &c. He wills that his executors, after his decease, should with his goods, and the issues and profits of his lands, make and perform the new Avorks of the body of the said church, and thoroughly finish them, according to the form and intent of the foundation, in stone-work, timber, lead, iron-work, and glass, and all other things necessary ; that they should cause a tomb to be made for him in the said Chapel, and he gave forty marks a year to the dean and canons, to distribute thirteen pence every day to thirteen poor men or women, at the door of the said Chapel.1 undertaken without his advice and direction. In the middle of the south aisle of the former, he was buried as above-mentioned, but without any. tomb, though his will expressly requires that one should be erected. It is, however, supposed that his remains were interred under the stone which covers the grave of Dr. Waterland, as on opening the vault for his sepulture, who died in 1740, a leaden coffin of ancient form and make was found, which, from other appearances also, was judged to be that of Sir Reginald, and was, by order of the Dean, immediately arched over, as an act of respect to his ashes. He died August 5, 1501, in possession of a very large estate, acquired by the favor of the King and his great employments. Nevertheless, and though he was for seventeen years the active minister of a King who extorted so much money from his subjects, historians appear to agree in giving him an excellent character. Polydore Virgil, Hall, &c. represent him as the father of his country, a sage and grave person, a fervent lover of justice, and one who would often admonish the King, when he did any thing contrary to justice or equity. * See Britton's Architect. Antiq. vol. iii. passim. 96 From the expressions in the will relative to the finishing of this church, it may be fairly inferred, not only that great Avorks had been there carried on at his expense, but that he had a share at least in the designing them. The roof or groined ceiling of the choir Avas not begun till the twenty- first year of Henr}r the Seventh's reign, when John Hylmer and William Vertue, freemasons, agreed by indenture, dated June 5, 1507, Avhich was after Sir Reginald Bray's death, to construct that part of the vaulting for the sum of seven hundred pounds, and to complete it by Christmas, 1508. In the time of Henry VIII., betAveen the years 1516 and 1521, it is related by Ashmole as Avell as Pote, that a rood loft and a lanthorn Avere erected : but where they were placed, or at Avhat time they were destroyed, is not specified in either of their Avorks. That it was in the original design to have a toAver or lanthorn, over the present organ-screen, is very proba ble, as the four piers at the intersection of the nave with the transept Avere formed on a principle of much greater strength than those of the nave and choir. Several chantries had been founded in this Chapel, and endowed Avith lands and sufficient revenues, for the maintenance of chaplains and priests to perform masses there, for the souls of the several founders and their respective kindred. William of Wickham, Bishop of Winchester, gave tAVO hundred marks, for the purpose of purchasing an annual rent of twenty marks, to main tain a chaplain to celebrate mass for the souls of himself, his father, mother, and benefactors, and the soul of EdAvard III. The covenants entered into between him and the dean and chapter for the due execution of his pious purpose, bear date at Windsor, the 29th of May, in the third year of Henry IV. November 26, in the eighteenth year of Edward IV., the Feoffees of 97 Richard Duke of Gloucester confirmed and delivered to the dean and chapter, the manors of Benfieldbury, in the County of Essex, Knapton, in the County of Norfolk, and Chellesworth, in the County of Suffolk, and thereon appointed, among other things, that they and their successors, should cause yearly for ever, a mass to be celebrated daily in this Chapel, for the good estate of the said Duke, and of Ann his Duchess, while they lived, and their souls after death ; as also for the souls of their parents and benefactors. By indenture, bearing date March 30, in the twenty-first year of Edward IV., Sir Thomas Seyntleger, Knight, the husband of Ann Duchess of Exeter, sister to King Edward, appointed several obits to be held in this Chapel, to pray for the healthful estate of that King, and for his beloved Avife, Elizabeth Queen of England, while they lived, and for their souls when they should pass out of this transitory Avorld ; and for the good estate of Cicely Duchess of York, mother of Edward IV., the most famous Prince, Richard Duke of York, Sir Thomas Seyntleger. Knight, Richard Bishop of Salisbury, and his Avife, Ann Duchess of Exeter, while they lived, and for their souls after their death. This office was appointed to be performed by tAvo secular priests, in a Chapel called the Middle North, or Rutland Chapel, several of that noble family being buried there. Edward IV., by his last Avill and testament, ordained a chantry to be founded for two priests to serve at his tomb, with an annual salary each of twenty marks. Thomas Pasche, a canon of this Chapel, also founded a chantry for daily prayers for his soul, and those souls of William Hermer, John Arundel, and John Seymore, who Avere also canons, and of Mr. Thomas Brotherton, after they shall have departed this life. Another chantry priest was also assigned to pray for the same services for the aforesaid canons, Pasche and Hermer, as well as for John Plumer, Verger of the Chapel, and Agatha his wife ; to be performed at the altar N 98 on the north side of the new church. The settlement appointing this ceremonial, bears date March 18, in the ninth year of Henry VII. 1492. March 1, 1495, being the twelfth year of Henry VII. Margaret Countess of Richmond obtained a licence from the King, that she or her executors might found a chantry of four chaplains, to pray for her soul, the souls of her parents and, ancestors, and of all the faithful departed this life. The celebration of this pious ceremony was to be performed in a place near the east part of the new works of the Chapel; and in the following year the dean and chapter made the necessary grant that such chantry should be erected. King Henry VII., by indenture, dated December 17, in the twentieth year of his reign, granted the annual sum of six pounds thirteen shillings and fourpence, to the dean and canons of Windsor, to pray for the good and prosperous estate of him and his kingdom every year on the eleventh day of February ; and for the Princess Elizabeth Queen of England, his Avife, and the royal issue, &c. &c. &c. and for their souls after their decease. By indenture, bearing date July 30, in the twenty-first year of Henry VII., Charles Somerset, Knight, Lord Herbert and Gower, and Elizabeth his wife, daughter and sole heir of William, late Earl of Huntingdon, gave an obit to pray for the souls of this lord and his lady, during their lives and after their death. This ceremonial Avas ordered to be performed in a Chapel at the lower end of the south aisle, in the body of the church, where the said lord and lady lay. On the north side of St. George's Chapel, was formerly a small house, but noAV decayed, which was erected for the residence of this chantry priest ; and over the door Avas the founder's arms, Avithin a garter, cut upon stone. Its foundation is dated July 30, in the twenty-first year of Henry VII. By another indenture, bearing date the 21st day of February, in the tAventy-third year of Henry VII., Katherine Hastings, late wife and 99 executrix of the Right Honorable William Lord Hastings, Chamber! > to King Edward IV., and Sir Edzvard Hastings, Knight, Lord Hastings and Hungerford, son and heir of the said William Lord Hastings, gave an obit in this Chapel, to be performed June 13, in a Chapel built at the expense of that nobleman, for the celebration of a service for himself, his ancestors, and relatives, King Edward IV., and his Queen Elizabeth, •Sec. &c. to be performed by one secular priest, in a Chapel on the north aisle about the middle of the choir, Avhere the body of his lordship's father lies interred, as appears by his arms in several parts of this chantry chapel. Adjoining to the house built for the Lord Herbert's chantry priest, is another similar building, erected for this chantry priest; and over the door Avas the Lord Hastings' arms, cut also upon stone, surrounded with a garter. Various other chantries were founded for the celebration of anniversa ries or obits, in memory of benefactors to the church and other pious persons, all of which are mentioned by Ashmole, but it is not necessary to enlarge the account of ceremonials which are no longer observed, and are almost forgotten. Since the Reformation, four commemorations are annually made, which include the whole of the founders, patrons, and benefactors to this church and the Order of the Garter, when an appro priate service is used, and the several officers of the church have an addi tional stipend. It would not, however, be a justifiable omission, were we to pass by the ceremonials which were appointed by King Henry VIII., who, by his last will and testament, bearing date the thirtieth day of December, 1546, and in the thirty-eighth year of his reign, ordered four solemn obits to be kept yearly after his decease in this College of Windsor, and as this appears to have been the last appointment of this kind in England, and there being also several orders relating to his interment in this Chapel, and several other particulars Avhich may serve to gratify curiosity, the 100 former part of it is here accurately given, though its dispositions appear to have been but partially executed. " In the name of God, and of the glorious and blessed Virgin our Lady Sainct Mary, and of all the holy company of heaven. " We, Henry, by the grace of God, King of England, Fraunce, and Irelande, defender of the faith, and in erth, ymediately under God, the supreme hed of the church of England and Irelande, of that name, height, &c. &c. &c. &c. calling to our remembrance the dignite, estate, honor, rule, and gouvernance, that God hath called us unto in this Avoorld, and that neither we, nor any other creature mortall knoAvith the tyme, place, Avhenne, ne Avhere it shall please Almighty God to call him out of this transitory Avoorld. Willing, therefore, and minding Avith God's grace before our passage out of the same, to dispose and ordre our latter mind, will and testament in that sort, as we trust it shall be acceptable to Almighty God, our only Saviour, Jesus Christ, and all the hole company of heaven, and the due satisfaction of all godly brethren in erth. Have, therefore, now being of hole and perfaict mynde, adhering holy to the right faith of Christ and his doctrine, repenting also our old and detest able lief, and being in perfect Avill and mynd by his grace never to return to the same, nor such like, and minding, by God's grace, never to vary therefro, as long as any remembrance, breth, or inward knowledge doth, or may remayn, within this mortal body, moost humbly and hartly do commend and bequeath, our soul to Almighty God, who in personne of the sonne, redeemed the same with his most precious body and blood in tyme of his passion. And for our better remembraunce thereof, hath left here with us in his church militant, the consecration and administration of his precious body and blood, to our no little consolation and comfort, if we as thankfully accept the same, as he lovingly, and undeserved on man's behalf, has ordeyned it for our only benefit, and not his, &c. &c. &c. &c. 101 *' And as for my body, which when the soul is departed, shall then re- mayne as a Cadaver, and so return to the vile matter it was made of, wer it not for the crowne and dignite which God hath called us unto ; and that we would be noted as an infringer of honest worldly policies and custumes, whenne they be not contrary to gode laAves, we would be content to have it buryed in any place for christian folke, were it never so vile, for it is but ashes, and to ashes it shall agen. Nevertheles, bicaus we woold be lothe in the reputation of the people, to do injury to the dignitie, AvhichAve unworthily are called unto; We are content, and also by these presentes, our last will and testament do will and ordeyn, that our body be buryed and enterred in the Quere of our College of Windesour, midway between the Statte and the high Aultare, and there to be made and sette as soon as conveniently may be doon after our deceasse, by our executours, at our coste and charge, if it be not doon by us in our lief time, an honourable tomb for our bones to rest in, which is well onward, and almoost made therefor alredye, with a fayre grate about it, in which we will also, that the bones and body of our true and loving Queene Jane be put also; and that there be provided, ordeyned, made and sett, at the coste and charge of us, or of our executours, if it be not doon in our lief, a convenient Aulter, honorable prepared and apparailled Avith all manner of thinges requisite and necessary for daily masses, there to be said perpetually while the Avorld shall endure. " Also we will that the tombes and aultars of King Henry VI., and also of King Edward IV., our great uncle and graunt-father, be made more princely, in the same place where they now be, at our charge. " And also will and specially desyre and requyre, that where and when soever it shall pleas God to call us out of this world transitory to his in finite mercy and grace, be it beyond the sea, or in any other place, without our realme of England, or Avithin the same, that our executours, as soon as conveniently they may, shall cause all diAane service, accus- 102 tomed for dead folke to be celebrated for us, in the nixtand mostpropirs place, where it shall fortune us to depart out of this transitory lief. " And over that Ave will, that whensoever and wheresoever it shall pleas God to call us out of this transitory lief to his infinite mercy and grace, &c. &c. in as goodly, brief and convenient haste as they reasonably canne, or may, ordeyn, prepare and cause our body to be removed, conveyed and brought into the sayd college of Windesour, and the ser vice of Placebo and Dirige, with a sermon and masse on the morroAv at our coste and charge, devoutly to be done, observed and solemnly kept, there to be buried and enterred in the place appointed for our said tombe, or to be made for the same entent, and all this to be doon, in as devout wise as may or can be doon. And we will and charge our executors, that they dispose and give an aulmes, to the moost poore and nedy people that may be found, commyn beggars as much as may be, avoyde, in as short space as possibly they may, after our departure out of this transi tory lief, oon thousand marke of lawful money of England, part in the same place, and thereabout, Avhere it shall pleas Almighty God to call us to his mercy, part by the way, and part in the same place of our bury all, after their discretions, and to move the poore people Avho shall have our alms, to pray heartily unto God for remission of our offenses and the wealth of our soul. " Also we will, that Avith as convenient spede as may be doon, after our departure out of this world, if it be not doon in our life, that the Deane and Channons of our Free Chappell of Sainct George, within our castle of Windesour, shall have manours, lande, tenement, and spiritual pro motions, to the yerly Aralue of six hundred pounde, over all charge, made sure to them and their successors for ever, upon these conditions hereafter ensuying. • " And for the due and full accomplishment and performance of other things conteyned with the same, in the forme of an indenture, signed 103 Avith our oun hande, which shall be passed by way of covenant for that pur pose, between the sayd Deane and Channons, and our executours ; if it pass not between us and the said Deane and Channons in our life, that is to saye, the sayd Deane and Channons, and their successors forever, shall find two Priests to say masses at the sayd aulter, to be made, Avhere we have before appointed our tombe to be made and stand ; and, also, after our decease, keepe yearly four solemn Obits for us, within the sayd college of Windesour ; and at every of the same Obits to cause a solemn sermon to be made. And also, at every of the said Obits to give to poore people in aulmes tenne pounds. " And also to give for ever yerely, to thirtene poore men, which shall be called Poore Knights, to every of them twelf pens every day, and ones in the yere yerely for ever, a long goune of white cloth, with the garter upon the breast, embrodered Avith a shelde and crosse of Sainct George Avithin the garter, and a mantle of red cloth, and to such one of the sayd thirtene poore knights, as shall be appointed to be hed and governor of them, 81. 6s. 8d. yerely for ever, over and beside the sayd tAvelf pennes by the day. " And also to cause every Sonday in the yere for ever, a sermon to be made at Windesour aforesaid, &c. &c. willing, charging, and requiring our sonne Prince Edward, all our executours and counsellours which shall be named hereafter, and all other our heirs and successours, which shall be the kings of this realme, as they shall ansAver before Almighty God at the dreadful day of judgement, that they and every of them do see, that the seyd indenture and assurance to be made between us and the sayd Deane and Channons, or between them and our executours, and all things therein conteyned may be duly put in execution, and observed and kept for ever perpetually, according to this our last will and testa ment, &c. &c. &c." At a chapter held here May 10, in the tenth year of the reign of Henry 104 VIII., the King, and several knights of the garter being present, it Avas decreed, that certain parts of the chapel should be completed, and that the knights should be called upon to assist in completing the work. Accordingly, the Duke of Suffolk paid 401. the Earl of Arundel the like sum, the Earl of Surrey 301. Lord Burgavenny 201. and that Lord Dudley, Lord LeAvare, Lord Mountryle, Lord Darcy, Sir Henry Marney, should each contribute 201. The Earl of Shrewsbury, who had already given ten pounds towards the building, added 301. on the present occasion.1 At the same time mention his intention of making this cha pel the place of his sepulture. It appears, therefore, that the building was not completed in the year 1519- The fitting up and decorations of the stalls, &c. in the choir, were chiefly accomplished during the reign of Henry VIII. ; and it is conjectured that the Avhole masonry of the edifice, Avith the roof, side chapels, and interior embellishments were left either Avholly or nearly finished at the time of that monarch's decease. Since that period many alterations and reparations must have taken place ; but its complete restoration has been the work of the reign, under Avhich Ave have been so happy as to live, and was commenced, continued and completed under the auspices of his present Majesty, the effects of whose predominating taste Avill have a particular description in a future page. There are some buildings connected with the Chapel, which claim a passing attention, and one of them, called the Tomb House, Avhich is at the east of it, is become an object of solemn regard from the purpose to Avhich it is hereafter to be applied. On the north side of this building is a complete cloister, at the eastern end of Avhich are the buildings occupied by the Dean, some of whose walls bear the appearance of an cient times. At the north-west angle of the cloister is a covered way, 1 Ansti's Register of the Garter, vol. ii. p. 281. 105 the ceiling of which possesses a tracery enrichment. Between this and the Chapel is the Chapter House, with some rooms in which records are deposited. Near the north transept of the Chapel is an entrance door and embattled Avail, belonging to a building called New-Commons, which Avas erected in the time of Henry VIII. Over the door is the following inscription, in ancient characters, Avhich has suffered from the corrosion of time. ^EDES PRO SACELLANORUM CHORISTARUM CONVIVIIS EXTRUCTA, A. D. 1579- 2h-awn by J~Ba,'ce?-\ Ui " ""- ~~ ./.".' I'ujML.^d Jf.ir.JiJ.JJ/S, ii TJ-il,,: ¦' /.i.n-4.. nortec St. at tjr.7i.i„ 106 This building was erected in the eleventh year of Henry VIII., by James Denton, one of the Canons of the college, and sometime Dean of Litchfield, for the lodging and dieting of those chantry and stipendiary priests and choristers, Avho had no place assigned thein in the College, where to keep their Commons, but Avere under the necessity of taking their daily meals in the town. This house was provided, with a culinary apparatus, and every other necessary accommodation for its residents ; the whole charge of Avhich amounted to 4891- 7s. Id. In the statutes which he formed for the government and regulation of their conduct, they are directed to repeat certain prayers, Avhen they entered the chapel ; and after death to pray for the peace of his soul. The Tomb House Avas begun by Henry the seventh, as a burial-place for himself, and not by Cardinal Wolsey, as has been erroneously stated by Ashmole, Bishop Kennet, and other Avriters. This is evident from a bull granted by the Pope for that purpose, in consequence of an application from the King, Avherein it is said, — " Proponat unam Capellam in Ecclesia S. Georgii in qua sepulturam suam eligere intendit, de propriis bonis suis fundare et construere."* King Henry, however, aftenvards laid aside his intention of applying this building to that purpose, when he began the chapel at Westminster, which continues to bear his name, and contains his ashes. This circumstance is thus particularly stated by Leland.2 " Quum Henricus septimus memoria mortis tactus, locum sepulturse sua? aptum quaereret, diruto Edwardino templo veteri illo, novum a fundamentis loco eodem construxit, quod et hodie vacat, muta- verat enim de sepulchro sententiam, et alteram Visimonasterii inchoavit." Cardinal Wolsey, however, afterwards obtained a grant of this build ing from Henry the eighth, Avhere, Avith the same profusion of expense, which marked all the public acts of his life, he began to prepare it as a 1 Rymer Feed. vol. xii. p. 565. *Not. ad lyg. Cant, vide Itin. vol. ix. p. 100. 107 receptacle for his remains after his death. This appears, from the in structions he gave to his servant Ralph Sadler, on his retirement to York after his fall, avIio was ordered to request Cromwell, in the language of the commission, " to procure the sending hither, (to York) of mine image, with such part of the tomb as it shall please the King that I shall have, to the intent, that now being at my church at York, I may order and dispose of the same for my burial." ' Lord Bacon also mentions that this monument was begun by one Bene detto, a statuary of Florence, and continued till 1529, Avhen the artist Avas paid 4250 ducats, for that part of the design Avhich Avas then ex ecuted : to use that great man's Avords, " it Avas so glorious, that it far exceeded that of King Henry the seventh." Fiddes also mentions a letter from Antonio Cavallieri to the Cardinal, av herein he says, " that for gilding part of this tomb, which is already done, being the half he hath laid out, 3801. 13s. sterling." He seems also to doubt Avhether the Cardinal de sired to have the tomb completed ; otherwise he recommends him, " to order the gilder leave to go home to Antwerp, and also to Benedict,- a carver, to return to Italy." It Avas afterwards Ihe design of Charles the first, to enlarge and fit up this structure as a royal mausoleum ; but the troubles of his reign inter posed. The place Avas aftenvards defaced, and the unfinished tomb de molished by the republicans, April 6, 1646, Avhen the statues and figures of gilt co'pper, Avhich are represented as the Avork of superior skill, to gether with superb ornamental enrichments made for the tomb, were taken from thence, and sold to aid the purposes of the rebellion. This chapel was, however, destined to a very unexpected transforma tion, as, after having been left in the state of dilapidation into which it had been brought by republican fury, it was fitted up for the service of * Fiddes' Life of Cardinal Wolsey, p. 257. 108 popery, by the bigotry of James II., and the ceremonials of the Romish church were publicly performed in it. Verrio, who had been for many years employed in decorating the royal apartments of the castle, was called to give the interior of this structure all the splendor which his pencil could bestow. The ceiling which has been suffered to decay, and is generally mentioned as the best of his works, represented King James the second, in the robes of the garter, bearing a sceptre in his hand ; Avhile, seated in a triumphant position on an arch, he trampled a hydra under his feet. Near him Mars appeared to be beating down and overwhelming Faction, Rebellion, and the attendant furies. Over the head of the Monarch an Imperial Crown was supported by the allegorical figures of Time and Peace ; and above Plenty was seen to hold a scroll, on Avhich was written Concordia Fratrum. On the right hand was Jupiter attended by a group of figures ; one of whom held a crosier as a representative of the church ; while, to heighten the egregious absurdity of the design, Mercury appeared to be relating the glorious annals of the Monarch. At the east end of the building, the figure of Fame appeared, holding in her right hand an oval medallion of King Charles the first ; and in her left, a similar representation of Charles the second. Over the head of the for mer of these sovereigns, is a scroll inscribed, Avith the affecting motto, Calamitas publica. There were other representations of Plenty and Peace ; also the Rose and Thistle, denoting the union of the two kingdoms, Avith the emblems and insignia of the Order of the Garter. Other paintings and ornamental decorations Avere suffered to decay, and the Avhole building had long borne a most ruinous appearance, till the summer of the year 1800, Avhen his Majesty was pleased to order the AvindoAvs and other external parts to be repaired. It is now preparing for a Royal Cemetery, after a design of Mr. Wyatt. THE ENDOWMENT OF THE COLLEGE. The endowments which Edward the third granted to this College will appear in the perusal of the grant itself, a translation of which is given below from the Latin original to be found in Ashmole's Appendix.1 1 Edward, by the grace of God, King of England and France, and Lord of Ireland, to all who shall see these present letters, greeting. — It becomes the majesty of a King to delight always in acts of piety ; that when he shall stand before the tribunal of the Most High King, (with whom there is no acceptance of persons, but every one shall receive, according to what he hath done in the body, whether it be good or whether it be evil,) he may be able to stand among the good on the right hand, and not to be condemned with the reprobates, as a slothful and unprofitable ser vant. We truly, with grief of heart, carefully remembering the various labors of our life, and our own small deserts, as also rightly considering the divine favors showed unto us, and the graces and honours wherewith above others, the Most High has presented us, do greatly repent of those goods, which, being granted us by God, we have above measure so often vainly ex pended. And there remains nothing else for us to do, but only unto Christ and his Mother the glorious Virgin, who hath never failed to defend us, but has hitherto by her blessed prayers, pro tected us when we were set in many dangers, we wholly convert our mind, and give thanks unto him for his favors, and ask pardon for our offences. And because it is a good way of mer chandise, whereby we exchange transitory things for those things which are eternal ; — We have caused a certain chapel formed with convenience and beauty, for eight secular Canons, situate within our castle of Windsor, wherein we were washed with the water of holy baptism, magni ficently begun to the honor of Saint Edward the Confessor, by our progenitors, to which Canons they allowed a certain sum of money at their pleasure, and gave it them for alms out of their exchequer, to be finished at our royal charge, to the honor of God Almighty, and of his Mo ther the glorious Virgin Mary, and of the Saints George the Martyr, and Edward the Confessor. And earnestly desiring and effectually endeavouring, that the said Canons being there to serve the Lord, may be augmented, as well with an increase of revenue, as in the number of other Canons, ministers, and servants ,• and that in the said chapel, the glory of the Divine Name may be ex alted with greater worship : unto the aforesaid eight Canons we think fit to superadd one Custos, 110 It appears, however, that the advowsons of Uttoxeter and Southstanton were not, at that time, vested in the King, but in Henry Earl of Lan caster, and Thomas Earl of Warwick; as June 18, in the tAventy-third year of his reign, Edward the third granted a special licence to those lords to assign these advoAvsons to the perpetual use of the chapel of St, George, Windsor, in the same Avay as is stated in the royal grant. A similar licence passed January 26, anno 24. Edward the third, to presiding over them, and fifteen other Canons more, and twenty-four Knights, impotent of them selves, or inclining to poverty, to be perpetually maintained of the goods of the said chapel, and other ministers of the said chapel perpetually serving Christ, under the command of the said Custos, and there cause to be received, as well the Canons and Knights, as other Ministers of the said Chapel, as is premised. And this we firmly decree, inviolably ordain, and by our royal authority, as much as in us lies, establish for ever, willing that the said Canons and Ministers perform divine offices for us, and our progenitors and successors, in part of satisfaction for those things, whereof in the last judgment we are to give an account, they being to celebrate for ever, according to the form of our ordination thence more fully to be made. Unto whom the rights of patronage and the advowsons of the churches of Wyrardsbury, in the diocese of Lincoln, South stanton, of Exon, and Uttoxeter, of Coventry and Litchfield, which we have lately purchased for that cause, for us and our heirs, we have given and granted, and do give and grant, to have and to hold to them, and their successors, for free, pure, and perpetual alms, altogether free and quiet for ever, from all secular exaction. We have also granted unto them for us and our heirs, and given leave that they, the Custos or Warden and Canons, may appropriate the said churches, and hold them so appropriated to their own uses, to them and their successors for ever : notwith standing the statute set forth, concerning lands and tenements not to be put to mortmain. We will also, that unto the said Warden, Canons, Knights and other ministers of the said chapel, there to serve, so much to be paid every year out of our exchequer, as together with the profits arising from the said churches, shall seem sufficient and honest for their diet, and the support of the burthens incumbent on them, according to the decency of their condition, until there shall be provided by us, in goods immoveable, lands, benefices or rents to an agreeable sufficiency and to our honor the sum of one thousand pounds yearly. All which we promise, for us and our heirs, effectually to fulfil. Witness ourself at Westminster, August 6, in the year of our reign, or* England 22, of France 9. Ill William de Bohun, Earl of Northampton, to enable him to assign the advoAvson of Dadyngton, in the county of Oxford, Avhich he held of the King in Capite, to the same purposes. On the 28th of the same month of January, the King gave to. the Col lege, by the name of Custos and Chaplains of his Free Chapel of Windsor, one messuage, seventeen acres of lands, one acre of pasture, and three shillings rent, with the appurtenances lying in Wyrardsbury, in the county of Buckingham, Avhich bad been conveyed to him by Richard de Gloucester, heir to Isabella de Ditton : and on the 22d of May ensuing, he also granted unto them the ad voAvson of the church of Datchet, near Windsor, to their perpetual use, &c. In the folloAving year, on the first of March, the King appropriated to the College, the churches of Cure in Buckinghamshire, of Riston, in the county of Norfolk, and of Whaddon and Caxton, in the county of Cam bridge ; and on the ninth of the succeeding May, he assigned to it the church of Symondesbourn, and of St. Stephen's Saltash, which, after some intervening appropriations, were confirmed to the College by Edward the fourth. October 26, in the same year, the King granted to the College for ever, one hundred marks per annum out of the farm of the town of Northampton. April 1, Anno 26 of Edward the third, the bailiffs and commonalty of Yarmouth granted, at the instance of the King, and under their com mon seal, a last of red herrings yearly, well dried and cleansed, that the corporation might be remembered in their prayers ; though it has been said that it Avas enjoined them as a penance, for murdering one of their magistrates. July 18, Anno 26 of Edward the third, the same patronising favor conferred on the college the manors of Eure, near Weybridge, and Cran- well, in the parish of Bray, and a certain Aveir called Braybrook, &c. &c. and a wood called Temple Wood, in Stoke-Pugeys, 112 Nevertheless, the King considering the lands which he had assigned to the college as being insufficient for its support, he made certain grants, and ordered as much money to be annually paid out of the exchequer, as should complete the sum intended for its support, till he should have provided it with lands or rents to that value. Lastly, April 2, Anno 39 of Edward the third, this King bestowed a piece of ground in New Windsor, in exchange for the great garden lying on the south part of the castle, formerly given them by him, for the use of the Custos and Canons ; and also a garden opposite thereunto on the other side of the way, Avith its appurtenances, for the use of the alms- knights, vicars, clerks, choristers, and other officers of the college ; and here closed this pious monarch's endowments. But this collegiate church was indebted to the piety of several private persons, for donations in free, pure, and perpetual alms for ever, which when added to the first foundation, were declared by the bishop to form a full and sufficient revenue for the support of the college. — They are as folloAvs : The manor of Dodingtoii Castle ; two pastures called Frith and Ashcroft ; the chapel of Langley ; the parsonages of Esbriton, Langley Maries, Wantynge, Shaldeborne, Wedonbeck, Clynde and Ryslepe ; the pensions of the vicarages of Wantynge, Clyffe, Tyltchey and Gottesford ; Avith the portions of Basyngborne, Prestewyke, in Hasley Magna, Chal- grave, Adewelle, Aston, Rowhand, Sebyngdon, Hyngeston and Hcnton, in Stoke Basset, and Clopecote, in Gatehampton, Whytechyrche Maplederham, Retherfld,Esthenrith, Stretham, of 'Thernecroft, in Letherhead, of Totynbeck, in Wodesdon, Evyngton, Woodmershborne, of Fordham, Ethorpe, Newen- ham, and in Tollesworth. In succeeding times, there were many other considerable donations bestoAved on the College, by the Sovereigns and Knights Companions of the Garter, in honor of their order, or from a spirit of devotion. Richard the second, the grandson and successor of the royal founder, 113 gave to the college, February 13, in the thirteenth year of his reign, one croft, in the town of Northmolton, together with the advowson of the church in the diocese of Exeter. John Duke of Bedford, third son of Henry the fourth, bestowed on the college, by his deed, dated December the third, Anno 9> of Henry the fifth, the priory of Okeborne, in the county of Wilts, which Avas a cell to the abbey of Bee, in Normandy, which gift was confirmed by Henry the fifth, and Edward the fourth. Edward the fourth, who manifested a particular regard for this college, July 18, in the seventh year of his reign, bestoAved on it the manors of Atherston, in the county of Warwick, a member of the priory of Okeborne, the manors and advowsons of the churches of Chesingbury, in Wiltshire, and of Quarle, in Hampshire ; the church and priorate of Uphaden, and the deanery or chapel of Saint Burien, in Cornwall, &c. &c. as also an annual pension which the abbot of Sautre paid for the church of Ful- burne, to the Abbey de bona Requie, and another annual pension of twenty pounds, paid by the abbot of Rousford, for the half of the church of Rotheram. January 29, in the thirteenth year of his reign, he gave the manor or priorate of Munelune, in the county of Hereford, &c. &c. February 27, in the following year, 1474, he granted to the custos, or dean chapter of this college, the custody, patronage, and free disposi tion of the hospital or free chapel of Saint Anthony's, London, a precep- tory of the monastery of Saint Anthony at Vienna, &c. &c. He also gave on the 17th of the following May, the priorate of Brimsfield, in the, county of Gloucester, the manor of Mackenham, in the county of Suffolk, being parcel of the priory of Okeborne, the priory of Saint Clene, in the Isle of Wight, in Hampshire ; the priorate or manor of Charlton, in Wiltshire, and all the lands, tenements, rents, and services in North- umudon, Compton, and Welegh, in the counties of Sussex and Soulh- P 114 ampton, which sometime belonged to the abbey of Lucerne, in Nor mandy ; the manor of Ponyngton and Wedon, in the county of Dorset, parcel of the possessions of Okeborne Priory ; one annual pension of twelve marks, payable by the prior of the priory of Monte Acuto, together with all the lands, advoAVSons, &c. &c. About two months after, this King gave also to the college, the manor of Membury, in Devonshire, with the lordships of Preston and MonkesiU ver, in the county of Somerset ; the advowsons of the churches of Puryton and Wollavington, in the said county, being parcel of the priory of Golalyf, in Wales, together with the knights' fees, &c. &c. In the eighteenth year of his reign, the Queen, Thomas Archbishop of York, and several bishops, noblemen and others, being seized, to the use of the King, his heirs and successors, of the manor of Wykecombe, called Basset's bury, the fee farm of the town of Great Wyke- combe, the manor of Crendon, in the county of Buckingham ; and of the manors of Hasely and Pyrton, in the county of Oxford, parcel of the lands of the duchy of Lancaster; — they, by the special command of the King, granted these premises, with all their appurtenances, to this college, until such time as the King, his heirs or successors, should grant to them other lands of the same annual value. On the twenty-first of the same month of February, the King Avas pleased to unite the custody or deanery of the free chapel of Wolver hampton, in the county of Stafford, to the custos or dean of this college, and his successors for ever.' King Edward the fourth, likeAvise gave them the advowson or patronage of Ewern, in the county of Dorset, Sep tember 27» in the twentieth year of his reign, with all its rights, &c. Sec. ' This church was exempted by a Papal Bull from the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry, and was subject to no civil power but that of the King, and under him to visitation of the Lord Chancellors or Keepers of the Great Seal. 115 And lastly, November 21, of the following year, this munificent Monarch granted them two parts of the manors of Old Swynford and Gannow, in the county of Worcester, and the reversion of the third part of them, after the death of Margaret, wife of Fulk Stafford, Esquire, with the advoAvson of the church of Old Swynford. He did not however confine his regard to this college, to his own princely liberalities ; but encouraged others to follow his royal and pious example. Thus, in the first year of his reign, he granted a licence to all his subjects in general, to give any lands, rents, or advoAvsons, to the deans and canons, within the value of three hundred marks per annum, notAvithstanding the statute of mortmain, Avhich he afterwards extended to lands of the annual value of five hundred pounds.1 Hence it appears, that June 29, in the second year of the reign of this king, John Duke of Suffolk, and Elizabeth his wife, Avho was the King's sister, assigned the following lands to the College for ever. The manor or lordship of Grovebury, otherwise called Leighton Busard, in the county of Bedford. The church of Tintegell, in Cornwall ; also nineteen messuages, seven tofts, one hundred and forty acres of land, fourteen acres of ineadoAV, one hundred and forty acres of pasture, one hundred acres of wood, and four pounds' rent, &c. in Newford and Blandford, in the county of Dorset : seventy messuages, twelve tofts, five hundred acres of land, one hundred acres of meadow, three hundred acres of pasture, one hundred acres of wood, one hundred shillings' rent, &c. in Stokeley, Northall, Edelsburgh and Rodenach, in Buckinghamshire : twenty messuages, eight tofts, three hundred acres of land, sixty acres of meadow, two hundred acres of pasture, forty acres of Avood, and twenty shillings' rent, &c. in Portsmouth and Burghegge, in Hampshire ; and one messuage, three tofts, sixty acres of land, six acres of meadow, ' Henry the eighth extended this licence to one thousand pounds per annum. 116 forty acres of pasture, and twenty shillings of rent, &c. in Stodeham, in the county of Hertford. January 10, in the folloAving year, Sir Walter Devoreux de Ferrers, Knight, together with Sir John Devoreux, and others his feoffees, granted the manor of Sutton Courtney, with the advoAvson and patronage thereof to the College of Ne\v Windsor for ever. All these endowments are called the lands of the Old Dotation, to distinguish them from those settled on the College by King EdAvard the sixth, Avhich bear the title of lands of the New Dotation which Avill be mentioned hereafter.1 The Dean and Canons having by deed under their chapter seal, con veyed unto Henry the eighth, the manor and rectory of Ivor, in Buck inghamshire, the manor of Dummery Court, in Dorsetshire, and divers other lands, portions, &c. &c. in the counties of Somerset, Hants, Mid dlesex, Oxford and Sussex, that Monarch having made them no recompense for the same in the course of his life, charged his son, his J The following grants, however, of Edward the fourth, were never enjoyed by the College. — The manor of Atherstone, the manor and advowson of Quarle, Uphaven, Saint Burien, Fulburne pension, Brimfield, St. Elen, Charlton, Blackenham, Ponyngton, Wedon, Old Swinford and Gannow, and of some others, they were seized but during a short time, viz. — Chesirrgbiuy manor and advowson, the lands in Newford, Blandjord, and Portsmouth. Besides these, the College was dispossessed of Gottesford, in the reign of Henry the sixth ; of the advow son of Cheshunt, in the reign of Henry the seventh ; and in the time of Henry the eighth, or some time before, of Woodmerthorue, Tylteliey, Retherfeld, Levetigden, Stoke Basset, Stretham, Totingbeck, Fordham, Ethorp, Newenham and Tollesworth. The Chapter afterwards surren dered to Henry the eighth the manors and advowsons of Ewe, Cliff, Ashton, Rowhand, Kingston, East-Henrith, Northumunden, Campion, Weleg, Compton St. John's, and Shobingdon Portion. The College also lost 1000 marks per annum at the reformation, which arose out of the hospi tal of St. Anthony, London ; and also 500Z. per annum, the offerings of Sir John Shome's shrine, at Northmaston in Buckinghamshire. The advowson was obtained of the priory of Dunstable, in exchange for the church of Wednesbury, Bedfordshire. 117 executors, and all his heirs and successors Kings of England, as they would answer at the judgment seat of God, that they should see assur ance made to the Dean and Canons, for settling an equal portion of lands upon them and their successors. In obedience therefore to the will of his father, Edward the sixth, in the first year of his reign, to give, and grant to the said Dean and Canons, by his letters patent, bearing teste at Hampton Court, October 7, 1546, these rectories, impropriations, parsonages, chapels, portions, tithes, Sec. Sec. equal in annual value to the lands transferred by the Chapter of Windsor to the late King, amounting to 160/. 2s. 4di By the said letters patent, Edward the sixth granted * They were as follows. — The rectories and churches of Bradnynche, Northam, Iplepen, Ilsington and Southmolton, in Devonshire, and the tithe of corn of Ottery, in that county, part of the Duke of Somerset's possessions ; as also Blossom's Inn, in Saint Lawrence Lane, London, sometime in the possession of the college of Ottery. The tithes of grain, &c. of the rectory of Ambrosbury in Wiltshire; and all the tithes of Bedwin, Stoke, Wilton, Harden, Tun- ridge, Knoll, Pathall, Chisbury, East-Grafton, West-Grafton, Grafton Marten and Wex- combe, parcel of the prebend of Bedwyn in that county: also the prebend of Alcannyngs and Urchefounte, the rectories of Urchefounte, Stapleford, Tytcombe and Froxfield, in the ^aid county : and the annual pension of eight pounds, issuing out of the manor of Icombe, in the county of Gloucester: the rectory and vicarage of Ikelington in Cambridgeshire: the rectory of East Beckworth, in the county of Surrey : the reversion of the portion of the tithes of Trequite, in Cornwall, and the rent of 1 3s. 4d. reserved upon the same, and the part of its tithes belong ing to the priory of Saint Germans, in Cornwall. The rectory and church of Plympton; the chapels of Plymstoke, Wembury, Shagh, Sanford Spone, Plymton, St. Maurice, and Bryrton, in Devonshire, belonging to the late priory of Plymton; the rectory of Isleworth and Twicken ham, in the county of Middlesex, parcel of the possessions of the college of Saint Mary of Winchester, and the rectory of Shiplake, in Oxfordshire, which had sometime before belonged to the monastery of Missenden, in Buckinghamshire : as also the reversion of the rectory of Aber- guilly, and of the chapels of Llanlawett, alias Llanbadock, and Llanpenysauut, part of the monastery of Caermarthen, in South Wales, with the rent of 30/. per annum reserved thereon : the reversion of the rectory of Galgarth, part of the priory of Brecknock, in South Wales, with the reserved rent of 1 1/. 6s. 8d. the reversion of the rectory of Mara, in the county of Brecknock, 118 also, to the Dean and Canons, court-leets or views of frank-pledge, and to have fines and amerciaments, free warrants, waifs, and felons' goods, and all other profits, commodities, liberties, emoluments, and hereditaments whatsoever. All which rectories, &c. &c. before-mentioned, and all gifts and grants in the possession of the Dean and Canons, were confirmed and made good to them and their successors, by an Act of Parliament passed in the second year of James the first. Thus did these lands remain, Avith the addition of certain subordinate regulations, arising out of the nature of their tenure, till the settlement made by Queen Elizabeth, for the disposition of the whole revenue, which was then accounted to the College, but at the value entered in the King's books : on which settlement her Majesty appointed the Dean and Canons to convert the rents of these new lands, from time to time, to such uses and intents, and in such manner and form, as had been entered in a book, sanctioned by her sign manual, and annexed to an indenture, bearing date August 30, in the first year of her reign, made between her on the one part, and the Dean and Canons on the other ; by Avhich the latter covenant to distribute and employ, at all times, for ever, the rents and profits of these lands in such manner, as is in the said book declared and appointed, &c. &c. and in default thereof, they are to abide such order, as shall be made by the Queen, her heirs, successors, &c. or by any of the Knights Companions of the Order, &c. belonging to the priory of Brecknock, and 61. rent : the reversion of the rectory of St. Germans, in Cornwall, appertaining to the monastery or priory of St. Germans, with 61/. 13s. 4d. rent, to the Dean and Canons for ever, except the tithes of Woolcall and Fitzwarren, in Wilt shire, belonging to the priory of Bedwyn, the vicarage house of Ikelington, the monies called marriage money, dirge money, and mass money, and the whole profit of the Bedrolls of Ikeling ton; nevertheless, to pay the King and his successors in the court of augmentation, for the rectories of Aberguille, Targarth and Mara, the chapels of Llanbadock and Llanpenysaunt, 4/. 2s. 8d. in the name of tenths ; and for all rents and services, 8tc. of the other rectories, &c. 48/. 7s. 4d. annually at Michaelmas. 119 £. s. d. In this book the total of the revenue, reckoned at the ancient value, amounts to - - - - - -66l68 The annual charge and disbursement to the College therein setdoAvn, is 430 19 6 Remainder 230 7 2 Which remainder was assigned for payment of tenths to the Crown, Vicars', and Curates' annual stipends, officers' fees, reparation of the pre mises, and for the relief of the Dean and Canons, in maintenance of the said lands.' The Privileges, originally granted to this Chapel and College, with respect to its spiritual offices and temporal concerns, were such as naturally arose from its having Kings for its nursing fathers, and Queens for its nursing mothers. They are noAV in a great measure matters of antiquarian curiosity, rather than of existing advantage: but history will not allow of their omission, and they are accordingly inserted.2 1 It may be proper to observe, that Fullmere rectory, in the county of Buckingham, in the presentation of the Dean and Canons of Windsor, was formerly annexed to Datchet, but made a parochial church, and endowed with the great tithes, by the Dean and Canons, and the first donation to it, as appears by the college books, was in the seventh year of the reign of Edward the sixth. 1 This chapel was exempted from all episcopal jurisdiction ; and all ceremonial of investiture, institution, &c. was in the resident Canons, by letters from the King. Wills were also proved before the Dean, who possessed also the power of excommunication and designation, within his jurisdiction. After the act for uniformity, past Anno 14, Charles the second, the Canons still continued to subscribe before the Dean, instead of the Archbishop or his Ordinary, as ordained by that 120 The residences of the Dean and Canons are situated behind the colle giate Chapel. The apartments of the deanery are large and commodious, and have received various improvements by their very reverend occupants^ particularly by Dean Keppel, Avho Avas also Bishop of Exeter, and his predecessor Dr. Booth, who inhabited it upAvards of thirty years. The old part Avas built in the reign of Henry the eighth, Avhen Doctor UrsAvick was Dean, as appears by his arms, yet remaining on the building with this inscription. — " Christofor Urswick Decanus 1500." In the hall are act; and though some of them, in majorem tautionem, subscribed also before the Archbishop of Canterbury, they did not omit the reservation of the rights and privileges of this Free Chapel. By the charter of the founder Edward the third, dated March the sixth, in the 27th year of his reign, the following profits, privileges, and immunities were granted to this college. It was exempted from knights' fees, talliages, aids and contributions to the King; as well as from all ecclesiastical impositions ; and this exemption is carried so far as to free the college from the payment of any tax or imposition on the King's domains laid by the King himself, or by the Pope, on the clergy for the royal use and service ; or any charge for the arraying of soldiers for the service of the kingdom. Their houses, as well those within the Castle of Windsor, as elsewhere, should be free from any livery of the King's stewards, marshals, purveyors, officers, &c. And that no duke or nobleman, nor any escheators, &c. should on any pretence, lodge or stay in the houses of the Custos or Canons, without their consent. That they and their tenants should be free from all tolls and payments of every kind, which were levied upon others ; as well as from suits in the county court, and all other courts, &c. That they should have within their lands and fees, the chattels of all felons and fugitives, and seize them to their own use. That they should have all fines for trespasses, and all other contempts and misdemeanors, and all other causes. That they should have cognizance of a plea betwixt their tenants, as well of trespasses andcon- tracts, as others, in their own courts. In short, without entering into the minutiae of the privileges which were granted, it may be observed at once, that the incorporated persons who formed this collegiate establishment, enjoyed every privilege, and were freed at least from every temporal duty, which it was in the power of a royal charter to express. 7V.Z..71 *v JBular.^-Ul v/v/' ///y// >//rc\, i- ii/'/// ^/r/i'tftr ¦¦'////f??>fr (,'irf,j/ja ,-f // '/ f/i if d > (C fff>/,-i ti (i i.ivuttm. riiijr? 121 the arms of the Sovereign, and Knights companions of the Garter. In the apartment called the Garter Room, the Knights robe, preparatory to the installation. In this room is a very ancient screen, on Avhich are painted and properly blazoned, the arms of Edward the third, and the several Sovereigns and Knights Companions, from the foundation to the present time. In the inner cloisters are the houses of the Canons, several of which enjoy, in common with the North Terrace, the principal range of State, and His Majesty's private, apartments ; the commanding and delight ful view represented in the engraving which accompanies this page. The eye, after it has glanced over the beautiful river below, rests awhile on ' The distant spires, the antique towers That crown the wat'ry glade ; Where grateful science still adores Her Henry's holy shade ;' it then takes its luxuriant survey of the rich, expansive landscape, that extends to a far distant horizon. The Library which is at the lower end of the court, is well furnished with ecclesiastical writers and authors in the various classes of polite literature. It received a considerable addition from the Earl of Rane lagh, who bequeathed his valuable library to the College. Q 122 SUCCESSION OF THE DEANS AND CANONS OF WINDSOR. CUSTODES, OR DEANS OF WINDSOR. William Mugge was appointed the first Custos by the King's letters patent, dated Aug. 6, 1348. 22 Edward HI. Walter Almaly or Almary, February 26, 1380. 4 Richard II. Thomas Butiler, in 1403. 3 Henry IV. Thomas Kingestone, the first who was presented by the title of Dean, as all his successors have been, in 1412. 13 Henry IV. John Arundel, 1417. 6 Henry V. Thomas Manning, 1452. 31 Henry VI. John Faux, in 1462. 2 Edward IV. William Morland, installed by proxy, February 26, 1470, and in person March 8, in the same year. 10 Edward IV. John Davison, October 30, 1471. 11 Edward IV. William Dudley, December 4, 1473. 13 Edward IV. Peter Courteney, LL. D. October 11, 1476. 16 Edward IV. Richard Beauchamp, LL. D. Bishop of Salisbury, March 4, 1477-— He was the first Chancellor of the most noble Order of the Garter. 17 Edward IV. Thomas Danett, S.T. P. 1481. 21 Edward IV. William Benley, 1483. 1 Richard III. John Morgan, LL. D. 1484. 2 Richard III. Christopher Urswicke, November 20, 1495. 12 Henry VII. 123 Christopher Bainbridge, or Bainbrigge, LL.D. Dean of York, 1505. 22 Henry VII. Thomas Hobbes, S. T. P. 1507. 23 Henry VII. Nicholas West, LL. D. 1510. 1 Henry VIII. JohnVoysey, alias Harman, LL.D. 1515. 6 Henry VIII. John Clerk, S. T. P. 15 19- 1 1 Henry VIII. Richard Sampson, LL. D. by proxy, November 14, 1523, and in person, May 20, 1526i 15 Henry VIII. William Frankling, December 19, 1536. 28 Henry VIII. Owen Oglethorp, S.T. P. March 1, 1553. Mary I. — He was the first Dean who enjoyed the office of Register of the Order of the Garter, which had, till his appointment, been enjoyed by one of the Canons. Hugh Weston, S. T. P., was translated from the Deanery of Westminster to that of Windsor, 1556. S and 4 Philip and Mary. John Boxall, S. T. P. 1557. 4 and 5 Philip and Mary. George Carew, 1559. 1 Elizabeth. William Day, S.T. B. August 22, 1572. 14 Elizabeth. Robert Bennet, S. T.P. March 24, 1595. 38 Elizabeth. Giles Thompson, S. T. P. March 2, 1602. 45 Elizabeth. Anthony Maxey, S. T. P. June 25, 1612. 10 James I. Marcus Antonius de Dominis, Archbishop of Spalatto, May 1 1, 16 18. 16 James I. Henry Beaumont, S. T. P. Dean of Peterborough, was removed hither and installed May 18, 1622. 20 James I. Matthew Wren, S. T. P. July 24, 1628. 4 Charles I. Christopher Wren, S. T. B. April 4, 1635. 1 1 Charles 1. Edward Hyde. — This dignity was conferred on him by King Charles II. when in exile ; by letters patent, dated July, 1658. He died a short time before the Restoration, never having been installed. Bruno Ryves, S. T. P. was removed from the Deanery of Chichester to the same dignity in this church, September 3, 1660. 12 Charles II. John Durell, S.T. P. July 27, 1677. 29 Charles II. Francis Turner, S.T. P. July 20, 1683. 35 Charles II. Gregory Hascard, S. T. P. September 29, 1684. 36 Charles II. Thomas Manningham, S. T. P. February 26, 1708. 7 Anne. John Robinson, S. T. P. Decembers, 1709. 8 Anne. George Verney, S.T. P. Baron Willoughby de Broke, March 24, 1713-14. 13 Anne. Penyston Booth, S. T. P. April 26, 1729. 2 George II. 124 The Honorable and Reverend Frederick Keppel, afterwards Bishop of Exeter, November 6, 1765. The Honorable and Reverend John Harley, afterwards Bishop of Hereford, March 24, 1778. John Douglas, D. D. afterwards Bishop of Salisbury, March 24, 1788. The Honorable and Reverend James Cornwallis, afterwards Bishop of Litchfield and Coventry, September 28, 1791. The Honorable and Reverend Charles Manners Sutton, afterwards Bishop of Norwich, and now Archbishop of Canterbury. February, 1794. The Honorable and Reverend Edward Legge, the present Dean, March 9, 1805. CANONS OF WINDSOR SINCE THE RESTORATION.1 Edward Fulham, S.T. P. was installed July 12, 1660. Anthony Howies, S.T. P. July 18, 1660. John Lloyd, A. M. July 18, 1660, Ralph Briderake, S.T. P. July 18, 1660. George Hall, S.T. P. July 18, 1660. George Evans, A. M. July 30, 1660. William Chamberlain, S. T. P. August 2, 1660. John Heaver, S.T. P. March 12, 1661. Henry Carpenter, S.T. P. May 20, 1662. Peter Mews, LL. D. October 20, 1662. John Durell, A.M. February 11, 1662. Richard Milward, S.T. P. June 30, 1663. John Butler, S.T. P. January 26, 1668. • Antiquarian curiosity may be gratified by the information, that the names of the canons pre vious to the Restoration, may be found in Ashmole, and Le Neve's Fasti Ecclesia Anglicana. 125 Henry Wotton, A. M. May 28, 1669- Thomas Viner, S. T. P. July 29, 1670. John Saumeres, A. M. Dean of Guernsey, April 19, 1671. Gregory Hascard, A. M. May 9, 1071. Peter Scot, LL. D. July 13, 1671. Thomas Doughtie, S. T. P. February 14, 1672. Isaac Vossius, LL. D. May 12, 1673. Robert Young, A. M. December 19, 1673. Richard Meggot, S. T. P. August 2, 1677. John Roswell, S. T. P. October 26, 1678. Thomas Sprat, S. T. P.January 14, 1680. John Barrow, A. M. August 26, 1682. Edward Jones, A. M. September 29, 1684. John Wickart, A. M. November 7, 1684. William Cave, S. T. P. November 21, 1684. John Fitzwilliams, S.T. P. April 1, 1685. John Mesnard, S. T. P. June 11, 1689. John Hern, S. T. P. January 16, 1689. John Hartcliffe, S. T. P. June 8, 1691. Thomas Manningham, S. T. P. January 28, 1692. Maurice Vaughan, February 2, 1694. Samuel Prat, S. T. P. December 18, 1697. George Verney, S. T. P. December 20, 1701. William Fleetwood, A. M. June 2, 1702. Thomas Goddard, A. M. May 26, 1707. John Adams, S.T. P. August 21, 1708. John Mandeville, S. T. P. February 26, 1708. Francis Brown, S. T. P. May 6, 1713. Andrew Snape, S. T. P. November 23, 1713. John Pelling, S. T. P. May 13, 1715. William Derham, S.T. P. September 16, 1716. William Wade, A. M. February 19, 1720. Richard Sleech, S. T. P. February 15, 1721. Nathaniel Marshall, S. T. P. May 2, 1722. Peniston Booth, A. M. May 12, 1722. Henry Bland, S. T. P. December 13, 1723. James Barclay, A. M. November 3, 1724. Daniel Waterland, S. T. P. October 13, 1727- Robert Friend, S. T. P. May 1, 1727. Robert Tyrwhitt, S. T. P. March 2, 1730. Michael Stanhope, S. T. P. June 3, 1730. William George, S. T. P. July 6, 1731. Hugh Lewis, S. T. P. May 17, 1733. Edmund Marten, LL. D. May 17, 1733. George Stephens, A. M. May 17, 1735. Matthew Hutton, S. T. P. March 26, 1737. The Right Honorable Lord James Beauclerk, A. M. March 3, 1737-8. John Ewer, A. M. March 4, 1737-8. William Burchett, A. M. May 26, 1739. John Fountayne, A. M. January 17, 1740. Richard Terrick, A. M. June 16, 1742. Edmund Gibson, A. M.June 29, 1742. Samuel Haynes, A. M. March 29, 1743. Frederick Cornwallis, May 29, 1746. William Gibson, A. M. August 9, 1747. Richard Willmot, S. T. P. February 26, 1747-8. Theophilus Lowe, A. M. March 26, 1748. John Fulham, A. M. 1750. Walter Harte, A. M. 1750. John Sumner, S. T. P. 1750. John Hinton, S.T. P. 1750. Erasmus Saunders, S.T. P. 1751. Balthasar Regis, S. T. P. 1751. Frederic Keppel, A. M. 1754. Richard Blacow, A. M. 1754. Lord Francis Seymour, LL. B. 1755. Honorable James Yorke, A. M. 1756. John Bostock, A.M. 1757. John Lockman, A. M. 1758. 126 Edward Barnard, S.T. P. 1760. Robert Horte, D. LL. 1762. John Douglas, S. T. P. 1762. Thomas Hurdis, A. M. 1766. Thomas Dampier, S. T. P. 1769. Philip Duval, LL. B. 1772. John Forster, S. T. P. 1772. William Buller, A. M. 1773. John James Majendie, S.T. P. 1774. James King, S.T. P. 1774. Robert Martin, 1774. John Hallam, A. M. 1775. Montague North, S. T. P. 1775. Thoma* Bray, S. T. P. 1776. Anthony Shepherd, S.T. P. 1777- S. Barrington, 1778. William Arnald, S. T. P. 1779- Jonathan Davies, S.T. P. 1782. George Hamilton, S. T. P. 1783. E. Wilson, A. M. 1784. F. H. W. Cornewall, A. M. 1784. Henry William Majendie, A. M. 1785. John Fisher, A.M. 1786. Honorable William Stuart, S. T. P. 1793. Honorable Thomas Powis, S. T. P. 1796. Samuel Goodenough, LL. D. 1798. William Beaumont Busby, A. M. 1803.' The vieAv which accompanies this page, embraces the most prominent objects of the lower Ward of the Castle, the most interesting feature of Avhich, is the Southern front of the collegiate Chapel. This, with a por tion of the Royal cemetery, or tomb-house (as it has till lately been called), occupies the left of the picture ; on the right are the residences of the poor knights, the square tower in the centre being appropriated to the use of the governor. — Beyond the houses of the poor 'knights is Lieutenant's tower. — The view is closed in, on the front, by the Keep or Round tower, and the gate of Communication betAveen the upper and lower Avards. 1 The present establishment of the chapel will be found at the conclusion of this division of the work. V v V ¦N. 4 127 The interior of this Chapel presents a perspective of singular beauty and the most solemn impression. Its architectural symmetry, appro priate ornaments, and characteristic devices, are curiously calculated to prepare the mind for those emotions which it is the object of devotional service to inspire and to establish. The roof is composed of stone, and executed with great skill ; the pillars are in the best style of the English church architecture of its period, Avhile the ribs and groins which support the ceiling are so judiciously disposed, as to become striking, parts of its elegance and beauty. The interior space of the building is formed into a choir, a nave, and correspondent aisles. The ceiling is decorated with heraldic insignia, displaying the arms of Edward the Confessor, Edward III., Edward the Black Prince, Henry VI., Edward IV., Henry VII., Henry VIII.; with the arms of England and France quartered, the Holy Cross, the Shield or Cross of St. George, the Rose, Portcullis, Lion rampant, Unicorn, Fleur de lis, Dragon, Prince's feathers, &c. together with the arms of the Bourchier, Stafford, Hastings, Beaufort, Manners, and other noble families. In the nave,- or centre a^rch, are curiously designed and blazoned the arms of Henry VIII. sovereign, and several Knights, companions of the Garter in the year 1528 : among which are those of Charles V., Emperor of Germany, Francis I., King of France, Ferdinand, Infant of Spain, and King of the Romans. The arms of the other knights, Avith those of the prelate, are disposed with suitable regu larity* The choir is replete with the most admirable workmanship: It was erected by Edward III., but received a great accession of enrichments during the reigns of Edward IV. and Henry VII. The vaulting of. the roof was not completed till the latter end of the year 1508. This divi sion of the church is appropriated to divine service, the installation oi the knights of the garter, and the preservation of their names and honors^ 128 It is separated from the nave by the organ gallery, Avhich is supported by alight and elegant colonnade, in unison, both as to its design and deco rations, with the rest of the chapel. It is composed of Coade's artificial stone. The organ Avas built by Mr. Green, and the organ-case which harmonises Avith the stalls, is after a design by Mr. Emlyn. The stalls of the sovereign and companions of the order are ranged on each side of the choir. Formerly their number was twenty-six, but six more have been lately added. The ancient stall of the sovereign Avas removed in the year 1788, and a neAv one erected under the direction of Mr. Emlyn. In the centre of the canopy are the arms of the King, encircled Avith laurel, and crowned with the royal diadem ; the Avhole being surrounded with fleurs de lis, the letters G. R., and the star of the order. The curtains and cushions are of blue velvet, fringed Avith gold. The stalls of the knights display a profusion of carved work. On their pedestals is represented the history of our Saviour, from his nativity to his ascension ; and on the front of the stalls at the west end of the choir, is also carved the history of St. George, and on a girth, on the outside of the upper seat, is cut in old Saxon characters, the twentieth Psalm in Latin, supposed to be designed as a prayer or petition for the royal founder, Edward III., and the future sovereigns of the order of the garter. On the fronts of the new stalls are carved the attempt of Mar garet Nicholson to stab the King ; a representation of the Queen's Charity School ; the procession of the King to St. Paul's, on the occasion of his recovery, in the year 1789, and the ceremony Avhich took place in the Cathedral of St. Paul's on that occasion. The mantle, helmet, crest, and sword of each knight are placed on the canopies of their respective stalls. Over the canopies, the banner or arms of the knights are displayed, elegantly emblazoned on silk ; and at the back of each stall are the titles of the personage to whom it belongs, with his arms engraved on a plate of burnished copper. The banner of the sovereign is of rich velvet, and much 129 larger than those of the knights : the mantling is of rich brocade. The carved Avork of the choir abounds with various imagery, consisting of the figures of saints, patriarchs, and kings. These, previous to the late repairs, Avere much mutilated and defaced, but are now restored to their original state and appearance. The altar was formerly adorned Avith costly hangings of crimson velvet and gold, Avhich, together with other furniture and consecrated vessels, appropriated to the use of the altar, amounting to 3580 ounces of Avrought plate of curious Avorkmanship, were, in 1642, seized by order of the Parliament, in a general plunder of this royal foundation. The sacrilege, however, Avas compensated by Charles II., Avho, assisted by the knights companions, supplied the altar Avith Avhatever Avas necessary for its service and ornament. The same monarch also decorated the altar with twenty-two pannels of tissue and purple damask : it was like wise decorated with two pieces of arras ; one representing Christ and his disciples, given by Doctor Bryan, Bishop of Winchester; the other, the same divine personage and his two disciples at Emaus, from a picture by Titian, and presented to the College by Lady Mordaunt, both of Avhich were appropriated to the decoration of the altar till the year 1707, when, on removing the wainscot in Urswick Chapel, a painting of the Last Supper Avas discovered. This picture had been thus secreted for preservation during the destructive period of the republican government ; and being sanctioned by the approbation of Sir James Thornhill, Verrio, and other eminent masters, it Avas repaired and placed over the commu nion table, Avhere it remained till the general repair of the Chapel in 1788, when, Avith the old organ, it Avas presented by order of his Majesty to the Parish Church. The present embellishment of the altar is a picture of the Last Supper by Mr. West, in his early, and as it is rather generally thought, his best style of coloring. The design, however, seems so far ill-conceived, as R 130 the prominent figure of Judas displays a countenance so expressive of deceit, as to justify the very obvious remark, that the suspicion naturally excited by such a marked display of features would have rendered abortive the design he meditated of betraying his master. For though Jesus knew the traitor, the disciples must be supposed to have been deceived by him ; otherwise, their affectionate zeal for their Lord, Avould have attempted, at least, to thwart his perfidious intention. The carved wainscoting round the altar Avas designed by Mr. Thomas Sandby. It contains the arms of Edward III., Edward the Black Prince, and those of the original knights of the garter, with various symbols of the order, displayed within two circular compartments. The ornaments consist of pelicans, wheat, grapes, sacramental vessels, and other appropriate devices disposed and executed Avith great taste. We now proceed to the description of the painted windows. These, Avith the exception of the great west AvindoAV, have been executed from designs by Mr. West, and their tracery has been removed, that the sub jects might be preserved unbroken and unincumbered. But hoAvever serviceable to the character of the pointed architecture the introduction of the still and subdued light which is admitted through such a medium may be, it must yet remain a subject of much doubt, whether it does not suffer on the Avhole, by the insertion of these transparent pictures. In the ancient cathedrals, Avhere this portion of their magnificence is set in rich and varied tracery, and where the deep-stained glass, pierced by a gloAving sun, reflects, on the Avails and pavement, the splendid, solemn dye of the ruby, the topaz, and the emerald, the truth of the poet's descrip tion never fails to be poAverfully and immediately felt — The storied window, richly dight, Casting a dim, religious light. 131 But this effect is not obtained by such an innovation ; nor does the pro priety of the design, nor the correctness of the drawing, repay us for annihilating the original character of the window, by a removal of its tracery, and the consequent absence of the richness and variety flowing from its many deeply colored compartments. The Avindow above the altar Avas executed by Messieurs Jarvis and Forest : the subject is the Resurrection, and is divided into three parts. In the fore-ground of the central division, the Roman soldiers are represented as gazing with extreme astonishment on the Saviour ascend ing from the sepulchre, preceded by the Angel of the Lord : above, in the clouds, is a Host of Cherubim and Seraphim, among whom is introduced a portrait of the Prince Octavius. In the compartment on the right, Mary Magdalen, with Mary, the mother of Jesus, and Salome, are displayed as approaching the sepulchre with ointments and spices, for the purpose of anointing and embalming the body of their crucified Lord. In the compartment on the left are the disciples Peter and John, who are supposed to have been informed that the body of Christ had been removed, and are hastening towards the sepulchre. On two windows, the one on the north, and the other on the south, side of the altar, are the arms of the sovereign and the knights who subscribed towards defraying the expense of beautifying and repairing the Chapel.1 The arms of the sovereign and the Prince of Wales have their supporters couchant, but those of the other knights are omitted. The arms of each knight are encompassed with the star and garter, and surmounted with his crest and coronet. Beneath is the George pendant to a ribbon, on which the Christian name and title are written. ' The King contributed from his own purse more than £ 15,000 ; the Knights of the Garter paid their quotas, and the Dean and Chapter added ,£5000. The Chapel was shut up, on the occasion, nearly three years, and was re-opened October 17, 1790. 132 On the South side. G. R.II1. 1782. William Henry, Duke of Gloucester. Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick. Henry Frederic, Duke of Cumberland. Prince William Henry, of Brunswick Lunenburg. Charles, Prince, Duke of Brunswick. Henry, Duke of Newcastle. Hugh, Duke of Northumberland. Charles, Marquis of Rockingham. George, Duke of Marlborough. Granville, Earl of Gower. Thomas, Viscount Weymouth. William, Earl of Shelburne. On the North side. G. P. 1782. Frederic, Prince of Hesse Cassel. William, Prince of Orange. Frederic, Bishop of Osnaburgh. Adolphus, Duke of Mecklenburgh. Thomas, Duke of Leeds. George, Duke of Montague. Francis, Earl of Hertford. John, Earl of Bute. Augustus, Duke of Grafton. Sir Frederic North. William, Duke of Devonshire. Charles, Duke of Rutland. 133 The east Avindow in the south aisle was put up in June, 1792, and is painted in half tints by Mr. Forest. It represents the angels appearing to the shepherds, and announcing the nativity of our Saviour. Above them are the words of their celestial anthem, " Glory to God in the highest ; on earth peace, good-will towards men." On different scrolls, held by the rest of the heavenly host, are parts of sentences from Luke, chapter ii. verses 10 and 11. "Fear not; for behold, I bring you tidings of great joy, which shall be to all people, for unto you is born this day in the city of David a Saviour which is Christ the Lord." In the back-ground are the shepherds, with their sheep and dogs, by moonlight. The west window of this aisle was put up in 1794, and was also designed by Mr. West, and executed by Mr. Forest. It represents the Nativity of Christ. The Virgin Mary is seated with the infant Jesus sleeping in her lap, while Joseph, Avho bears a lamp, appears to regard them Avith a most devout attention. Near them is a beautiful figure of an angel, with the olive branch, accompanied by a group of cherubs. In the back and fore-ground various objects are displayed, allusive to the great work of Redemption, and the humble birth of the Redeemer. The west windoAv of the north aisle is the work of the same artists, and Avas completed in 1796. The subject is the Adoration of the Magi, and represents the Infant Jesus reclining in the lap of his mother, and Joseph behind her. In the front are the wise men of the East presenting their offerings : above is an angel and a luminous star. The window at the west end of the body of the Church is ancient, and composed of eighty compartments or lights, each six feet high, by one foot five inches Avide, the embellishments consist of a variety of figures of kings, patriarchs, bishops, and other canonical characters, together Avith the insignia of the garter, the arms of prelates, &c. This superb 134 window, a splendid specimen of the architecture of the age in which it was designed, Avas intended to be removed, and its place supplied by modern glass, painted by Mr. Forest, from a design by Mr. West. It was an unexampled undertaking, as the whole window would contain a thousand square feet. Many years had been employed upon it, Avhen the death of Mr. Forest rendered its completion doubtful. Such is the admirable figure, form, and beauty, of this ancient structure: but it possesses a heightened character, and claims, as it cannot fail to produce, an affecting interest, in having been the sepulchre of many royal and illustrious personages. At the east end of the north aisle, the remains of Edward IV. are deposited, in a tomb covered with blue marble ; over Avhich is erected a beautiful monument of steel, representing a pair of gates, betAveen tAvo toAvers of curious workmanship. The trophies of honor over the grave of this monarch, were ornamented Avith pearls, rubies, and gold, till they were despoiled by the republican plunder of 1642. On a black marble slab in the front, is the name Edward IV. inlaid in brass, in old English characters ; above, are his arms and croAvn, supported by angels, and on a flat stone, at the base of the monument, are the folloAving titles. King Edward IV. and his Queen Elizabeth Widville.' On a stone adjoining, in similar characters, is inscribed, George Duke of Bedford, and Mary, fifth Daughter of Edavard IV. ' This lady died in confinement at Bermondsey Abbey, about three years after the death of the King ; and is supposed to have been secretly interred. %* The date of the discovery of the body of King Edward IV. mentioned on the next page, should have been 1789 instead of 1739. 135 On the 13th of March, in the year 1739» the workmen employed in preparing the ground for a new chapel, perceived a small aperture in the side of the vault where Edward was interred, which was soon rendered sufficiently large to admit an easy entrance to the interior part, when a leaden coffin was discovered near seven feet long, containing a perfect skeleton. The head Avas reclined to the north side, without any appear ance of cere-cloth, or wrapper, rings, or other insignia. The bottom of the coffin Avas covered Avith a glutinous, muddy liquor, about three inches deep, of a strong, saline taste. Near that of the King was another coffin, supposed to have contained the body of Elizabeth Widville, but this was entirely empty. Several names, inscribed with chalk, appeared on the inside of the vault, the characters of which resembled those of the times in which it was made, and are supposed to have been written by the work men, or the attendants on the funeral. Henry VI. was also buried in this Chapel, near the choir door in the opposite aisle. The arch under Avhich his body was deposited was sumptuously embellished, according to the directions of Henry VIII., and there still appears, on the centre of the stone, the royal arms sup ported by two antelopes, connected Avith a golden chain, Avhich on the late repair of the Chapel, were cleaned and emblazoned ; but various ensigns and devices with which the arch had been decorated, are entirely decayed. The body of this monarch was first buried at Chertsey, from Avhich place it was removed, by the order of Richard III. to its present situation. The popular opinion that, from the sanctity of his life, miracles were Avrought through his intercession, induced Henry VII. to apply to the Court of Rome for'his admission into the Calendar of Saints, as well as for permission to transfer his remains to Westminster Abbey ; but the exorbitant demands of the Pope determined that avaricious monarch to give up his design. This application occasioned a report that the body Avas actually removed ; and Stowe observes, that it was 136 not generally knoAvn Avhat became of these royal remains. The wills, however, of both Henry the Seventh and Eighth, are decisive, as to the fact of its being at Windsor. Pope has noticed the circumstance of these Kings being interred in the same sanctuary, in the following beautiful and plaintive lines — Let softest strains ill-fated Henry mourn, And palms eternal florish round his urn. Here o'er the martyr King, the marble weeps, And fast beside him, once-fear'd Edward sleeps ; Whom not extended Albion could contain, From Old Bolerium to the German main, The grave unites; where e'en the great find rest, And blended lie th' oppressor and oppress'd. In the royal vault in the choir, Henry VIII., his Queen, Jane Seymour, Charles L, and a still-born child of the Princess of Denmark, afterwards Queen Anne, are deposited. Lord Clarendon mentions, that the remains of his royal master were sought for after the Restoration, by order of Charles, and that they could not be found. But Pote observes, in his History of Windsor Castle, that this search must have been negligently made, as from a manuscript memorandum, in the possession of the executrix of Mr. SeAvell, a person of known probity, and avIio Avas Chapter Clerk of the College upAvards of forty years, it authentically appears, " that, upon opening this vault, for the interment of the child of the Princess of Denmark, he went into the vault, and there saw the coffins of King Henry VIII. and Queen Jane, also the coffin of Charles I., covered with velvet, Avith a label on the cover, Avhereon Avas marked King Charles, 1648 : that the velvet of the coffin and pall Avas sound, and no Avays rent; and that the pall laid over the coffin as at first flung in at the burial: that the vault Avas small, and the infant placed on the coffin 137 of Charles I. After the interment of the child, the vault was closed, and has never since been opened. Lincoln Chapel. — At the south-east corner of this church is a small chapel, wherein are interred the remains of Edward, Earl of Lincoln, Lord High Admiral during thirty years of the reign of Queen Elizabeth, and a monument Avas erected to his memory by his lady, who also lies buried beneath it. This memorial is of alabaster, with square porphyry pillars, each surmounted by a ball. On the tomb is the figure of that nobleman in armour, lying prostrate on a mat curiously wrought, with his feet resting on a gre}'-hound, collared and chained. By his side lies his lady, arrayed in robes of state, her head resting on an embroidered cushion, and her feet on some animal. Round the monument are the figures of their children, five sons and three daughters, kneeling on cushions. Many parts being very much defaced, the Avhole was repaired in 1789> by order of the Duke of Newcastle, who, previous to his succes sion to that dukedom, had enjoyed the title and honors of Earl of Lincoln. Richard Beauchamp, Bishop of Salisbury, the first Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, is likewise buried in this part of the aisle. In an arch opposite to his tomb, there formerly lay a missal, or breviary, as appears by the inscription beneath it. " Who leyde thys booke here ? The Reverand Fader in God Richard Beauchamp, Bischop of thys Dyocese of Sarysbury. — And wherfor? To this entent, That Priestes and Ministers of Goddis Church may here have the occupation thereof, seyying therein theyr Divyne Servyse, and for all othir that lysten to sey thereby ther devocyon. — Askyth he any spiritual mede ? Yee as moche as owre Lord byst to reward hym for hys good entent ; praying euery man wos dute or devocyon is eased by this booke, they avoII sey for hym thys comune oryson. — Dne Jhu Xye, Knelyng in the presence of thys holie Crosse, for the whyche the Reverand S 138 Fader in God aboveseyd hathe graunted of the tresure of the Churche, to euy man xi dayys of pardun." — On the centre stone of the adjoining arch, the cross is rudely carved, together with the figures of Edward IV. and Bishop Beauchamp beside it, on their knees. Oxenbridge Chapel. — Lower down in this aisle is a small chauntry, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, and erected in 1522, by John Oxen- bridge, Canon and benefactor to this Church. Over the door is a lion rampant, with many escallop shells, with the rebus of the founder's name, in the obvious signs of an Ox, the letter N, and a bridge. Within the Chapel, at the back, in separate compartments, are painted three epochas of the history of St. John the Baptist : — His preaching in the wilder ness ; the offering of his head to Herodias, and its subsequent presenta tion to Herod. Aldworth Chapel. This is contiguous to the last, and contains beneath an altar monument, the remains of Doctor Oliver King, Bishop of Bath and Wells, and register of the order. Several of the Aldworth family are interred here, from which circumstance this Chapel appears to derive its name ; though, from the paintings on the wall, and other devices relating to that prelate, there is sufficient reason for assigning him to be the founder of it. The oaken pannels opposite to this Chapel are decorated with the arms, devices, bearings, and full-length portraits of Prince Edward, son to Henry VL, King EdAvard IV., King Henry VII. Beneath these paintings is a Latin inscription, desiring the reader to pray for the soul of Mr. Oliver King, Professor of Law, chief secretary to the above princes : beneath it, is a black marble tablet, on Avhich is affixed, in old English characters, of solid brass, this plain memorial : William Henry, Duke, and Maria, Duchess of Gloucester, 1805. 1807- 139 Bray Chapel.— It was built by Sir Reginald Bray, and there his body Avas deposited, according to the directions of his will. He was a liberal benefactor towards completing the body of the Chapel, as appears from his arms, crest, and appropriate devices, being sculptured on the roof and other parts of the structure. On preparing a vault for Doctor Waterland, a leaden coffin of an ancient form Avas found, Avhich was judged to be the coffin of Sir Reginald Bray, and Avas, therefore, by order of the dean, immediately closed over. Beaufort Chapel.— Many of the Beaufort family are interred in this Chapel, Avhich is situated at the Avest end of this aisle ; and from that circumstance it derives its name. It contains two splendid marble monuments. One of them is erected to the memory of Charles Somerset, Earl of Worcester, and knight of the garter, Avho died April 15, 1526, and his lady Elizabeth, daughter and heiress of William, Earl of Hunt ingdon. On the tomb reposes the figure of the Earl, dressed in the habit of the garter, Avith his head resting on a helmet ; and, on his right side, is his lady in her robes of state. On the back part of it, sit two angels weeping, while another displays the family arms encircled by the garter. It is inclosed within a screen of brass work, gilt ; and is without an inscription. The other monument, which is composed of white marble, perpetuates the memory of Henry Somerset, Duke of Beaufort, knight of the garter. The upper part is supported by Corinthian columns, whose shafts are entwined with leaves and flowers. In the centre, on the top, is the Duke's coat of arms, surmounted Avith a coronet ; and, on each side, is a flaming urn, embellished with Avreaths of floAvers. On the front, the effigy of the Duke, arrayed in his robes, reclines on a cushion; over him are curtains falling down on each side of the columns, while, on the back-ground are represented in relievo, several cherubs and two angels, bearing a crown and palm. BcIoav the figure of the Duke, St. George 140 is represented in the act of killing the dragon ; and, between the columns, on the opposite sides of the monument, are the statues of Justice and Fortitude. On the base is a Latin inscription, Avhich describes, at great length, his titles, offices, and virtues. An inscription on a marble tablet, affixed to the Avail, records that Henry, Marquis of AVorcester, who so gallantly defended Ragland Castle, in Monmouthshire, for Charles I., is also buried in this Chapel. Rutland Chapel. — Its situation is in the middle of the north aisle, and contains a neat alabaster monument, erected to the memory of Sir George Manners, Lord Roos, and of the Lady Anne his Avife, niece to Edward IV. On the tomb, Sir George lies dressed in armour, his feet resting on a helmet, and his head on a unicorn couchant. By his side lies his lady, in her robes of state, Avhich Avere once beautifully blazoned, her head resting on a cushion supported by tAvo angels. On each side of the tomb are their sons and daughters ; and at one end are angels dis playing the family arms. Sir George died October 23, 1513, and Lady Anne, April 22, 1526. Attached to the north Avail is a brass plate, charged Avith engraved figures of Sir Thomas St. Ledger, or Sentlynger, in armour, and his Avife, Anne Duchess of Exeter, sister of EdAvard IV., who died A. D. 1475, for Avhose interment, with a provision of chauntry priests, it Avas founded and endoAved, by her husband. Another brass plate, Avith enamelling and engraving on it, is also affixed to the wall, as a memorial to Doctor Robert Honeywood, Canon of Windsor, Avho died in 1522. Other memorials record the names of Baptist May, Privy Purse to Charles II., Avho died in 1696, and of Theodore Aylward, Mus. Doc, Gresham Professor of Music, and Organist of the Collegiate Chapel, who died 27th February, 1801, aged 70. Hastings Chapel. — It occupies the entire interval, in breadth, between tAvo piers of the choir, but does not rise to the top of the arch. 141 It consists of an open screen, with a door- way to the aisle, and a flat wall to the choir. Its sides are ornamented with niches, which appear to have been once filled with statues; and it has a groined roof, which Avas formerly ornamented and gilt. This Chapel was built by Elizabeth, the Avife of William Lord Hastings, who was Chamberlain to Edward IV. as well as Master of the Mint, and Avas executed by order of Richard III. for his loyalty to the issue of Edward IV. The remains of that noble man are said to have been interred here. It was originally dedicated to St. Stephen, four incidents of whose life are delineated in an old painting divided into four compartments. In the one the Saint is represented preaching to a small groupe of people ; in another, he is brought before Herod : a third displays him in the moment of his being stoned by the JeAvs : and in the fourth, the Saint lies extended on the ground ; Avhile he appears above in a state of beatification. Beneath each compartment is a suitable inscription." Urswick Chapel. — It derives its name from Doctor Christopher Urs- Avick, Dean of Windsor, who appears to have been a fellow-labourer with Sir Reginald Bray in completing this fabric. He Avas employed by Henry VII. on several important embassies to foreign poAvers, for Avhich eminent services he Avas offered the first ecclesiastical honors, all which he refused ; and, in 1505, resigned the deanery of this Church, to retire to his vicarage of Hackney, near London, where he passed the remainder of his days in the discharge of his parochial duties. There he died, and Avas buried in the year 1521.1 On a stone screen to this Chapel are the arms of Henry VII., and a Latin inscription, which invites the passenger to pray for the souls of Henry VII. and Christopher UrsAvick, some time Lord Almoner to the King, and Dean of this Chapel, &c. &c. &c. Here a ' In Gough's Sepulchral Monuments, vol. ii. p. 284., is an engraving which represents an elevation of the screen of this monument; and another of the paintings at the back. 1 His epitaph may be seen in Weever's Funeral Monuments. 142 marble tablet has been placed in memory of a most amiable man, Colonel Robert Brudenell, son of the Earl of Cardigan. He was Deputy Governor of Windsor Castle, under his brother the Duke of Montague, and died October 20, 1768. In 1805, Avere interred in a vault, near the sovereign's stall, the remains of William Henry, Duke of Gloucester, brother to his present Majesty ; and in 1807, Maria, Duchess Dowager of Gloucester, Avas consigned to her last abode beside him. In a recess of the aisle, at the back of the altar, is a marble monument, erected by Lieuten ant-General George AVade, in memory of his brother Doctor William Wade, FelloAv of Trinity College, Cambridge, and one of the Canons of this Chapel. He died February 1, 1732, in the sixty- second year of his age. Adjoining to the last, in a similar recess, is the monument of Theodore Randue, Esquire, Keeper of Windsor Palace, in the reign of Charles II., who died April 30, 1721, in the eighty-second year of his age. He bequeathed by his last will, the sum of four thousand pounds to publio charities, which are particularly specified in, and form a memorable part of, the inscription on his tomb.1 • On the left hand of the entrance of the Cloisters, is a small white marble tablet, which bears the following inscription. King George III. caused to be interred near this place the body of Mary Gaskoin, servant to the late Princess Amelia ; and also the tablet to be erected in testimony of his gratefuji sense of the faithful service and attachment of an amiable young woman to his beloved daughter, whom she survived only three months. She died the 19th of February, 1811. 143 Near the south door of the choir is buried Charles Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, Avho married Mary, Queen DoAvager of France, and sister to King Henry VIII. A marble tablet formerly bore an inscription which related these circumstances, Avith the addition that he died in 1545, and Avas interred at the expense of the King. At present the grave of this nobleman has no other distinction, but a slab of black marble, Avith his mere unassociated name, Charles Brandon. The monument of Doctor Giles Thomson, formerly Dean of this Chapel, and afterwards Bishop of Gloucester, is of alabaster, with a bust of the prelate in his episcopal habit. There is a Latin inscription which records his learning and his virtues, and that he died June 11, 1612, aged 59- Adjoining to it is a memorial of the manly and Christian virtues of Sir Richard Wortley, Knight, of Wortley, in the County of York. It is sup ported by two pillars of curious marble, and the whole encompassed Avith beautiful foliage. He died June 25, 1603. An altar monument of grey marble perpetuates the memory of William Fitzwilliams. On a plate of copper affixed to the back is an inscription, in Latin verse, Avhich gives no other account of him, than that he was wealthy, honorable, and possessed of the graces of mind as well as form, and that he died October 13, 1659- Near the last, is a monument of very indifferent sculpture, erected by a disconsolate widow, to the memory of Doctor Brideoak, Avhose talents as a preacher, and Avhose conduct in the several gradations of his sacred character, are faithfully related in the inscription. During the exile of Charles II., he Avas stripped of his property ; but on the Restoration, Avas preferred to a Canonry in this Church, and aftenvards to the Deanery of Salisbury, and Bishopric of Chichester. During a raging epidemic disorder, in Avhich he thought it his duty to attend the sick, he caught the disorder, and died October 9> 1678, in the 64th year of his age. 144 Adjoining the altar, on the north side of the choir, is a gallery called the Queen's Closet, formerly used only for the accommodation of ladies at an installation. In 1780, it Avas repaired and fitted up for their Majesties and family to attend divine service. The wainscot and canopy are suited to the general style of the Chapel, and painted in imitation of Nonvay oak. The curtains are of garter-blue silk, and the chairs and stools are covered Avith the same, and enriched Avith the letters G. R. encircled in an embroidery of floAvers. The windows are ornamented Avith painted glass. In one of them are represented the arms of their Majesties, by Bristow, a Sun-floAver by West, and a Rose by Jarvis. In another is St. Catharine, and the crowning of Queen Esther. In the east AvindoAv is a picture of Nabal receiving David's messenger : and in that on the south side of the closet, is a fine representation of the Wise Men's Offering, and a portrait of Charles II. The upper part of the AvindoAv next the choir is beautifully ornamented with Mosaic glass. In this Avindow are three pieces, representing the Dissipation, Distress, and Return of the Prodigal Son. The arms of Henry VII., and other inferior decorations, fill up the remaining parts. At the east end of the north aisle is the Chapter House. Fronting the entrance is a Avhole length portrait of Edward III. in his robes of state, bearing in his right hand a sAvord of state, Avith the croAvns of France and Scotland. Round the frame is this inscription — ¦•" Ed ward us Ter- tius Invictissimus Anglic Rex, Hujus Capell^ et Nobilissimi Ordinis Garterii Fundator." — On the side of this portrait is preserved the sword of this monarch, which is six feet nine inches in length. Adjoining the east end of St. George's Chapel is a stone edifice, built by Henry VII. , as a burial place for himselfand his successors; but that monarch having soon after determined on a similar design at Westminster Abbey, this building was neglected, till Cardinal Wolsey obtained a grant 145 of it from Henry VIII., as a burial-place for himself. Hence it obtained the name of Wolsey'sTomb House. Here the prelate began a sumptu ous monument, Avhich, according to Lord Bacon, far exceeded that of Henry VII. At the time of his disgrace, the tomb was so far advanced, that Benedetto, a statuary of Florence, had received 4,250 ducats for the work which he had completed ; and ,£380, 18s. had been paid for gilding only a part of it. In 1646, it was despoiled by republican rapacity ; and James II. aftenvards converted it into a Chapel, Avhere mass was publicly celebrated. The ceiling was executed by Verrio, and the walls Avere highly ornamented; but on a splendid banquet being given by this bigoted Prince to the Pope's Nuncio, the populace were incited to attack the structure, when they destroyed the windows, and greatly damaged the interior decorations. In the state to which religious zeal had reduced this structure, it remained till the summer of the year 1800, when his Majesty ordered the exterior parts to be repaired. It is now preparing to become a royal sepulchre, after a design of Mr. Wyatt. The first branch of the royal family who appears destined to occupy a place in it is the Princess Amelia. The remains of her Royal Highness were, on the night of the 14th of November, 1810, privately interred in St. George's Chapel. At eight o'clock a procession was formed from Augusta Lodge, in the following order : Servants and Grooms of their Majesties and the Royal Family, in State Liveries, Trumpets of the Royal Horse Guards, Blue, The Hearse, Drawn by the King's set of eight English black Horses, fully caparisoned, Escorted by Royal Horse Guards, Blue. T 146 One of his Majesty's carriages, drawn by a full set of English black Horses, conveying the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge, the executors ; also escorted by Horse Guards. Two of his Majesty's carriages, each conveying four of the attendants of the late Princess. Carriages of the Prince of Wales and the Duke of Cambridge, each drawn by six horses. The whole flanked by the Staffordshire Militia, every sixth man bearing a flambeau. Upon arrival at the Chapel, the servants, grooms, and trumpets, filed off without the south door. At the entrance, the dean and prebendaries, attended by the choir, received the body; and the remainder of the proces sion having previously been formed, the Avhole proceeded down the south aisle and up the nave into the choir, in the following order : (the procession being flanked by the Royal Horse Guards, Blue, every fourth man bearing a flambeau) Poor Knights of Windsor ; Pages of the Royal Family and their Majesties ; C. Bicknell, Esq. Solicitor to the Princess ; R. Baltiscombe, Esq. D. Dundas, Esq. Apothecary. Surgeon. Rev. Mr. Gossett, Rev. Mr. Plymley, Curate and Rector of Windsor ; Drs. Baillie and Halford, Physicians ; Equerries of the Royal Family and their Majesties ; Hon. Gen. Finch, Gen. Campbell, Hon. R. F. Greville, C. Herbert, Esqrs. Grooms of the Bedchamber to the King. Lieut. Colonel Desbrowe, Queen's Vice-chamberlain. Lord G. Thynne, and Earl of Courtown, Comptroller and Treasurer of the King's Household ; Earl Harcourt, Queen's Master of the Horse ; Lords Arden, St. Helens, Rivers, and Boston, Lords of the King's Bedchamber; Earl of Macclesfield, Capt. of Yeomen of Guard ; 147 Choir of Windsor; Prebendaries ; Dean ; Lord J. Thynne, acting as Lord Chamberlain ; Earl of Aylesford, Lord Steward of the King's Household ; Vere Warner, Esq. Gentleman Usher of his Majesty, bearing the Coronet on a black cushion; THE BODY, In a Coffin covered with crimson velvet, and a black velvet pall, adorned with eight escutcheons of her Royal Highness's arms ; the Coffin carried by eight yeomen of the guard ; the pall supported by Viscountess Cranley, Lady E. Thynne, Countess of Ely, and Lady G. Murray : Countess of Chesterfield, veiled, Chief Mourner, her train borne by a Baronet's Wife ; Lady Halford, veiled ; Countesses of Macclesfield and Uchester, supporters to the Chief Mourner, veiled ; Duke of Cambridge, Prince of Wales, Duke of York, Duke of Clarence, Duke of Kent, Duke of Cumberland, Duke of Sussex, In long Black Cloaks, the Prince's train borne by two of his Gentlemen, The Dukes' by one ; Marquisses Abercorn, Cornwallis, and Wellesley ; Earls Westmoreland, Chesterfield, Bathurst, Camden, Liverpool, Wilton, and Harrowby ; Bishop of Salisbury, Chancellor of the Garter ; Lords Walsingham, Mulgrave, and Eldon ; Right Hon. Spencer Percival, C. Yorke, R. Ryder, R. Dundas, and Sir D. Dundas ; Lieut. Gen. Calvert; Count Munster ; Major Price, Colonel Taylor ; Ladies attendant on the Queen and Princesses, viz. Lady Albinia Cumberland, Miss Goldsworthy, Mrs. Williams, Hon. Mrs. Fielding, Hon. Mrs. Egerton, Hon. Miss Townshend, Madame and Mademoiselle Beckendorff; Mrs. Adams, Miss Knight, Miss Montmollin, Miss Plauta, Miss Gaskin, Miss Byerley, Mrs. Davenport, Mrs. Robinson, the Queen's and Princess's dressers. 148 Upon entering the choir, the body was placed on tressels, the head toAvards the altar ; the coronet and cushion on the coffin. The chief mourner sat at the head of the corpse ; her supporters on either side, and the supporters of the pall in their places near the body. During the service, which was read by the Honorable and very Reverend the Dean of Windsor, the Prince of Wales and his Royal Brothers, as well as the Knights of the Garter present, occupied their respective stalls. The nobility, privy counsellors, and officers of the household, as well as others who had followed the body, were placed in the vacant and intermediate stalls. The ladies attendant were in the seats below the stalls, on the north side nearest the altar; the Grooms of the Bed-chamber, Physicians, Rector and Curate of Windsor, Surgeon and Apothecary, and Solicitor to her late Royal Highness, in the seat beloAv the stalls on the south side nearest the altar ; the Equerries, and the Queen's and Princess's other attendants, in the front seats on either side ; the Pages Avere arranged below the altar. The part of the service before the interment, and the anthem being performed, the procession moved out of the choir in the order in which it had entered, and proceeded up the north aisle of the choir, flanked by the Royal Horse Guards, Blue, to the place of burial behind the altar. The body being deposited in the vault prepared for it, till the royal cemetery is completed, and the service concluded, Sir Isaac Heard, Garter, after a short pause, pronounced, near the grave, the style of her late Royal Highness as follows : " Thus it hath pleased Almighty God to take out of this transitory life, unto his divine mercy, the late most illustrious Princess Amelia, sixth, and youngest daughter of his most excellent Majesty, George the Third, by the grace of God, of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith ; whom God bless and preserve with long life, health, and all worldly happiness !" After which the Royal Princes, the Nobility, and others, who had com- 149 posed the procession, returned, having witnessed, that every part of this mournful and afflicting ceremony had been conducted with great regula rity, decorum, and solemnity. The shops and houses in Windsor and Eton were shut up, from respect to the memory of the Princess, during the whole of the day on which the funeral took place ; and scarce an individual was to be seen in the streets, who was not attired in mourning. The following is the inscription (issued from the Herald's Office) engraved upon the plate of the coffin. Deposition Illustrissimae Principissae Amelias, Filia? sextae et natu minima; Augustissimi et Potentissimi Georgii Tertii, Dei gratia Britanniarum Regis, Fidei Defensoris, &c. Obiit i ida die Novembris, Anno Domini MDCCCX. JEtatis sus XXVII. Cfce $oor Sinigi)t0. King Edward III., from that high sense of military honor, which was a distinguished feature in his character, formed an establishment for the maintenance and comfort of a select number of Knights, who had been so reduced in their circumstances as to be unable to support them selves in a manner suited to their military name. They were originally called Milites Pauperes ; but their subsequent title has been that of the Alms, or Poor, Knights of Windsor. On their first establishment, the number of them was twenty-four, but after the institution of the Order of the Garter, two were added to assimilate them to the number of the Knights Companions. By the charter of Incorporation, they were united Avith the Dean and Canons of St. George's Chapel ; but, in con sequence of the disputes which prevailed between their respective bodies, an act was obtained in the twenty-second year of EdAvard IV., Avhich discharged them for ever from contributing to the maintenance of the Knights. From this time their subsistence Avas very precarious, and 151 their numbers continued to decrease, till Edward VI., in pursuance of a clause in his father's Avill, vested revenues in the College to the amount of six hundred pounds annually, to be employed for the use and support of a neAV establishment for thirteen Poor Knights only. In the reign of Mary, the houses in the lower ward were built for their reception, and the Queen nominated nine persons to enjoy the first-fruits of the revival of the foundation. On the accession of Queen Elizabeth, all the former grants Avere confirmed, and the Alms Knights increased to the number regulated by Henry VIII. Certain regulations were also at this time established for their election and government, which are still in force. By these rules it was declared, that the thirteen Knights should be elected from gentlemen brought to necessity through adverse fortune, and such as had passed their lives in the service of their Prince ; that one of the thirteen should be chosen governor over the rest ; that they were to be unmarried, and to forfeit their situations on entering into a state of wedlock : but these regulations, as well as others Avhich are a part of the institution, are not rigidly observed. The present number of Alms Knights is thirteen of the Royal Founda tion, and five of the foundation of Sir Peter Le Maire, in the reign of James I. The houses of those on the Royal Establishment are repaired at the expense of the crown, but those of Sir Peter Le Maire's Founda tion at the charge of the Knights who inhabit them, Avho also pay nine pounds per annum to the land tax. The annual income of each of these Knights is about .£50, exclusive of their houses. Their habit is a red gOAvn, and a mantle of blue or purple cloth, with the Cross of St. George embroidered on the left shoulder. By the will of Mr. Samuel Travers, who died in the year 1728, the residue of his estates were bequeathed for the benefit of seven superan nuated or disabled Lieutenants of English men of war, who were to be added to the Poor Knights of Windsor, and alloAved a house and <£60 152 per annum. This legacy was contested in Chancery for many years. That Court, however, having passed a decree in favor of the Avill, seven gentlemen were appointed to form the establishment, and a suitable building has been erected in conformity to the bequest. The structure is situated on the north side of the Castle, in a meadow adjoining the Park. It has a portico extending nearly the whole length of the front, and forms a pleasing object from the Terrace. 153 PRESENT ESTABLISHMENT OF ST. GEORGE'S CHAPEL. The Honorable and Reverend E. Legge, LL. D. Dean. CANONS. Reverend Dr. Frederick Dods worth. Reverend Dr. William Langford. Reverend Dr. William Cookson. Reverend Edward Northey, Treasurer. Reverend Dr. George Heath, Steward. Honorable and Reverend Jacob Marsham, D. D. Reverend George Champagne, Chanter. Reverend William Long. Honorable and Reverend Charles Digby. Honorable and Reverend Henry Ryder, Lecturer. Reverend Dr. Joseph Goodall. Honorable and Reverend R. B. Stopford. Thomas Hatch, Esq. Chapter Clerk. MINOR CANONS. Reverend William Clarke, Dean's Curate and Librarian. Reverend Arthur Edward Howman. Reverend Daniel Carter Lewis. Reverend Henry Blenkinsop. Reverend Richard Webbe. Reverend Thomas Weldon Champness. Reverend Francis Roper. LAY CLERKS. Mr. Sexton, and Organist. Mr. Butter. Mr. Heather. Mr. Miller. Mr. Salmon. Mr. Binfield. Mr. Smith. Mr. Dine. Mr. Francis. Mr. Sanders. Mr. W. Salmon. Mr. West. Eight Choristers. A Verger. Two Sextons. A Bell Ringer ; and A Porter. u INSTITUTION OF THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER. 1 he Chapel of Saint George must be considered as the Temple of the Order of the Garter, and its history would, therefore, lose a very dis tinguishing feature, did it not include some account of that illustrious confraternity, which is described by Selden, as exceeding in majesty, honor and fame, all the chivalrous orders of the world. Its origin, however, is involved in impenetrable obscurity ; for after all the re searches, which have been made by learned and ingenious antiquaries, the subject is rather perplexed than elucidated by their contradictory opinions. Joshua Barnes, in his history of EdAvard the third, affectedly deduces its origin from a superstitious custom of the Phoenicians, who, as an amulet 155 to guard them against shipwreck, Avere accustomed to encircle their bodies Avith a blue or purple fillet. Some Avriters ascribe it to Richard Cavur de Lion, who is said to have bound a leathern strap round the legs of his bravest Avarriors, as a badge of merit, at the siege of Aeon, on the borders of Palestine. It is also derived from the circumstance of Edward the third having given Garter, as a watchAVord at the battle of Cressy. Fabian, in his chronicle, speaks of this institution in the fol lowing manner. " In his 19th yere, the Kyng held a solempne feaste at his Castle of Wyndesore, wher betAvene Candel Masse and Lent, were holden or executed many marcyal acts, as Justes, Tournaments, with diverse other, at which were present many strangers of other landes, and in the ende thereof, he there devised the Order of the Garter, and after established it, as at this day it is continued ;" and this meeting Mr. Selden has observed likewise did, in truth, occasion the Institution of the Order of the Garter. Polydore Virgil, an elegant but fanciful writer in the reign of Henry the eighth, states, but in a manner that does not add to its credibility, the following circumstance as giving rise to this Order. ' At a solemn ball given at the court of Edward the third, the Garter of Joan Countess of Salisbury falling off while she was dancing, the King picked it up, and on observing the sportive humor of his courtiers ex cited by the accident, he exclaimed " Honi soit qui mal y pense," and added withal, " that in a short time, they should see that Garter ad- ' De causa autem instituendi Ordinis omnino ambigitur : fama tamen apud vulgus etiam nunc tenet, Edovardum aliquando e terra collegisse Reginae seu arnicas tibiarum tegminis ligamen, quod forte resolutum ita, ut usu venit, ceciderat, et nonnullis heroibus id videntibus ac jocose cavillantibus, dixisse, brevi tempore futurum, ut ejusmodi cingulo etiam ab illis summus haberetur honor, atque non multo post istiusmodi ordinem instituisse, ac eum adsidisse titulum quo testar- etur ipsos heroes contra quam erat, de se judicium fecisse. Et Fama vulgi talis. — Angl. Hist. Lib. 1. 156 vanced to so high honor, as to account themselves most happy to wear it." This idle story, however, has naturally enough taken the lead of the others in the popular opinion ; its familiarity to the ordinary events of life, its connection Avith beauty and gallantry, and the apparent pro priety of the motto to the supposed circumstance, has given this fabulous and improbable account a general currency, and uninquiring minds have adopted it as an historical fact. There can be little doubt, however, that the origin of this order may be truly referred to the love of military glory, Avhich predominated in the character of its Royal Founder, en livened, as it must have been, by the chivalrous spirit of the age in which he reigned. The whole of what the most intelligent writers on the sub ject have given as their opinions, may be compressed into the folloAving observations. The claim Avhich the brave and magnanimous Edward had made to the croAvn of France, naturally turned his mind to the acquisition of those means by which it might be crowned with success. Among them he naturally felt the great importance of inspiring his followers with his OAvn spirit in the pursuit of that object, and he accordingly formed the design of associating his most approved captains and warriors in an honorable society of love and brotherhood, Avhose union Avould be cemented by one common and ennobling principle, the military glory of their country. With this hope, and to give his knights the opportunity of increasing their skill and hardihood by chivalrous exercises, he determined to restore the ancient order of the Round Table ; and, Avaving the idle ceremonies of etiquette, attach them more immediately to his person, by occasionally allowing the equalising familiarities arising from such an institution. These, hoAvever, Avere not the only objects he hoped to effect by reviving the institution of King Arthur. His Avar Avith France ren dered it necessary to cultivate the assistance of foreign Avarriors ; and the martial splendor so conformable to the spirit of the age, Avhich the re- 157 establishment of this order furnished him with the means of exhibiting, Avould, he imagined, induce them to visit England, and engage them in his service. He, accordingly, ordered preparations to be made at Wind sor for a grand tournament, to be held on the nineteenth of January, 1344; and on NeAv Year's Day, issued letters of invitation and safe con duct to all foreign knights who were desirous of displaying their valor at the ensuing festival ; and, as an additional attraction, it was signified in the proclamation, that he Avould be present at the ceremony, together with his Queen, three hundred of the most beautiful ladies of her court, in their most splendid attire, and all his principle Nobles. This royal invitation ansAvered the full purpose for which it was given. Such a pro mised assemblage of beauty and magnificence, attracted the most illustri ous persons in Europe, and the result proved so favorable to the wishes of Edward, that he determined on an annual repetition of the tourna ment, and ordered a circular building to be constructed in the castle, for the accommodation and entertainment of this illustrious company. This splendid act of policy did not however escape the attentive regard, nor fail to excite the jealousy, of the French court ; and Philip, King of France, set up a round table upon the same chivalrous principle, in order to circumvent the designs of his potent rival. This scheme Avas also in its turn crowned Avith success, and Edward, sensible of its influence, was obliged to content himself Avith forming a fraternity of a more limited character, in the Order of the Garter.1 1 The first Knights of the Garter were as follows : 1 . King Edward himself first took this habit, in the chapel of Saint George, from the hands of William Edington, Bishop of Winchester, who, by statute, is always prelate of the. order, and he then proceeded to give the habit to the other twenty-five Knights Companions, who were sum moned to receive the high distinction, in the following order. 2. His eldest son, Edward Prince of Wales, then but in the fourteenth year of his age*. 158 Previous to its final establishment, the King summoned an assembly of his Earls, Barons, and principal Knights, to consult on the best mode of giving it a suitable splendor, as well as on the regulations ne- 3. His noble and valiant cousin Henry, at that time Earl of Lancaster, and afterwards Duke of the same title. 4. Thomas Beauchamp, the valiant Earl of Warwick. 5. John Greilly, Captain or Governor of Buche, a great lordship of Aquitaine; the chief town whereof is called la tite de Buche, and is about seven leagues westward of Bourdeaux. This gentleman was renowned for his valor, and most firm of all others in his attachment to the English, so that after many great exploits, being taken prisoner by the French, he chose rather to die in prison, than to swear never more to bear arms for England. 6. Ralph Lord Stafford, Earl of Stafford. 7. William Montacute, Earl of Salisbury, a young nobleman of great expectations. 8. Roger Lord Mortimer, grandson to Roger Earl of March, which earldom he afterwards obtained, with all the lands, honors and possessions annexed to that title, being renowned for his worth and valor. 9. John Lord Lisle, whose courage had, on various occasions, been fully tried and proved. 10. Bartholomew Lord Burghersh, at that time no more than twenty years of age, but fully worthy of the honor which he received. 11. John Lord Beauchamp, younger brother of Thomas Earl of Warwick, a noble warrior of that age. 12. John Lord Mohun of Dunster, a constant attendant of the Black Prince in all his wars. 13. Hugh Lord Courtney, son of Hugh Courtney, Earl of Devonshire. 14. Thomas Lord Holland, of Holland, in Lancashire, who about this time, was married to Joan, sister of the Earl of Kent, the most celebrated beauty of that age. 15. John Lord Grey, of Codonore, in Derbyshire. 16. Sir Richard Fitz-simon, whose services in war raised him to this most honorable title. 17. Sir Miles Stapleton, a man of great nobility and integrity, as well as an excellent soldier. 18. Sir Thomas Wale, a knight of great worth and virtue, and whose early valor gave him a claim to this high distinction ; but he died within three years after the institution, and was the first of these founders who made a vacant stall. 19. Sir Hugh Wrottesly, of Wrottesly in the County of Stafford, Knight. 159 cessary for its government. Here it appears to have been determined that the number of persons to be received into the order should be limited to twenty-six ; a circumstance, which Avas highly conducive to the great estimation with Avhich it has been regarded from the period of its insti tution ; no alteration in this respect having been made till the third of June, 1786, when by an injunction of his present Majesty, this superior and very limited badge of distinction, in consequence, as it may be sup posed, of his present Majesty's numerous issue, which would have ren dered the limitation unsuitable to the splendor of its distribution, was, in future, to be extended generally to the King's sons, as supernumerary Knights. The first Installation was in the year 1349, on the anniversary of Saint George, who was declared the patron of the order.1 The ceremony was 20. Sir Nele Loring, a knight of great valor and nobility, and who was first knighted for his signal courage in the naval engagement at Sluice. 21. The Lord John Chandois, an illustrious hero, who had distinguished himself by many feats of valor, and many acts of magnanimity. 22. Lord James Audley, a most daring and fortunate commander, and cousin to Nicholas Audley, Earl of Gloucester. 23. Sir Otho Holland, brother of the Lord Thomas Holland. 24. Sir Henry Earn, of Brabant, commonly called, by historians, Sir Henry of Flanders : a valiant and loyal servant to King Edward. 25. Sir Sanchet Dambichcourt, a valiant knight of Hainault, at this time naturalised in England. 26. Sir Walter Pavely, who was famous for his military exploits. 1 It is not to be supposed that this order could be established, without having recourse to that superstition which, at the time of its institution, and long after, maintained such an irresistible influence over the European world ; and to pass by, without some explanation, the particular patrons of this order, would be omitting an historical circumstance of the first importance at the period of its institution, and which not only continues to give it a name, but is 160 attended by an immense concourse of people, many of Avhom had been attracted from different parts of Europe, by the promised splendor and interesting character of the ceremonial. The sovereign and his twenty- five companions Avent in procession to the Chapel of Saint George, clothed in russet goAvns and mantles of fine blue Avoollen cloth, embroidered with garters, and decorated with the insignia of the order. After the ceremo nies of installation, the knights Avere entertained Avith great magnificence by the King. The festivities were continued for several days; Avhen the martial sports of the tournament Avere enlivened by music and the dance, and the feats of chivalry brightened by the presence of the fair, and softened by the festive intercourse Avith beauty. still discernible in the ceremonials of its installation. Edward III. looked up to the especial aid and protection of the Holy Trinity and the Virgin Mary, and caused them to be addressed with formal invocation, to animate, by their inspiring influence, and preserve, by their efficacious power, his illustrious confraternity : but as more immediate patron, whose name it was to bear, Saint George of Cappadocia was chosen for those virtues which had acquired him a place in the Calendar of the Romish Church, for that steady adherence to his faith which had obtained him the crown of martyrdom ; and for his military exploits, which had bestowed on him the title of a brave and faithful soldier of Christ. Little however is to be found of him, and his renown seems to have no better authority than the traditions of the East, where our Crusaders found it, by whom he had already been chosen as the military patron of England. But the pious fables of those times frequently prevailed against the records of history, or supplied its deficiencies, so that the distinction which this Saint had already acquired, and the great character which passive credu lity had allowed him to possess, were more than sufficient to present him to the gallant spirit, aud devout disposition of Edward, as a patron of the order of the garter. The name of Saint Edward the Confessor is also found among the declared protectors of the institution ; and it is recorded, that the King was used to invoke him as well as Saint George, in any particular menace of danger or misfortune. These four patrons are recorded together in the preamble of the foun dation of Windsor College, though in that of the statutes of the order, and in those of Henry V., St. Edward the Confessor is omitted : but he is enumerated with the rest in the preamble to those of Henry VIII. 161 The magnificent insignia of the order consist of the garter, mantle, surcoat, hood, George, and collar. These compose the superb attire of the knights, Avhich is called the Habit. The four first originated with the founder; the George and collar Avere added by Henry VIII. The garter is of blue velvet, bordered with gold Avire, and embroidered Avith the motto, Honi soit qui mal y pense, and is worn between the knee and the calf. Of what materials this principal ensign was first made, there is no satisfactory account. Polydore Virgil speaks merely of the ornamental part of it, when he represents it as adorned with gold and precious stones, and having a buckle of gold at the end wherewith to fasten it about the leg. In later ages this badge has been, and is occasionally, very much enriched. The garter sent to Gustavus Adolphus King of Sweden by Charles I., exceeded all others bestoAved by former sovereigns, each letter of the motto being composed of diamonds, in number four hundred and eleven, according toaninA'entorygiven in, by the sovereign's command, to the Dean and Chapter of Windsor. The garter, which that unfortunate monarch Avore on the scaffold, Avas composed also of diamonds to the number of four hundred and twelve. The color of the mantle is a rich blue. At the first institution it was made of fine woollen cloth, which in the beginning of the reign of Henry VI. Avas exchanged for velvet, lined Avith white taffeta, the left shoulder being adorned Avith the arms of St. George, embroidered Avithin a garter, and irradiated Avith beams of silver ; an addition made by order of Charles I. The collar is composed of pieces of gold, fashioned like garters, the ground being enamelled blue, and the letters of the motto gold, Avith a red rose in the centre of each garter. The George is appendant from the middle of the collar, and displays the figure of that Saint on horseback, tilting at the dragon. The whole is ornamented Avith precious stones. The ordinary manner of wearing the ribbon formerly, was about the neck, hanging doAvn to the middle of the breast, Avhere the lesser George X 162 hung : but as more suited to the fashion of modern apparel, the ribband is spread over the left shoulder, and brought under the right arm, where the jewel is suspended. There are certain occasions which are distinguished by wearing the Avhole habit, or only certain parts of the order. At the feasts of installa tion, they wear the former. The less solemn occasions are those which require the Avearing of the collar only, and are called collar days. These are the principal and solemn festivals of the year. The officers of this order are the Prelate, Bishop of Winchester; Chan cellor, Bishop of Salisbury; Register, Dean of Windsor, Garter and King at Arms, both offices being united in one person, and the Usher of the Black Rod. Among the numerous foreign potentates Avho have been admitted into this institution, are nine Emperors of Germany, five Kings of France, three Kings of Spain, five Kings of Portugal, two Kings of Naples, five Kings of Denmark, two Kings of Sweden, two Kings of Scotland, one King of Prussia, and seven Princes of Orange, besides many of the most illustrious characters in Europe. It does not appear necessary to this Avork to be more particular in the history of this order, and those who are anxious to be acquainted Avith all the changes it undenvent, the statutes formed for its regulation, and other curious circumstances connected with it, are referred to the learned and authentic work of Mr. Ashmole. What has been related is sufficient to prove that the origin of the order Avas military, and that the story founded on the garter of the Countess of Salisbury is as ridiculous as that of Joshua Barnes, Avhose partiality to Homer, of whose Avorks he pub lished a well-known edition, attributed the institution of EdAvard III. to the Iliad. The revival of the Round Table evidently produced this order, and the circular figure Avas originally suggested to prevent all contention about privilege of place. A fillet or garter Avas naturally considered as 163 an emblem of fidelity, as well as the color of it. Nor was the motto less appropriate to an union founded on mutual confidence. A contempo rary circumstance Avill strengthen the probability of this conjecture. Various authors, as well French as English, relate, that Philip of France, at his feast of the Round Table, seized some of the lords of the Montfort party, and treacherously put them to death, though they were his invited guests. Thus Edward's motto not only conveyed the assurance of good faith and hospitality towards his own knights, but might be considered as containing a reproach of the baseness and cruelty of his rival. Nor should it be unnoticed, for the honor of EdAvard, that of all the knights introduced into this distinguished society at its institution, not one of them failed in the most inviolable attachment to his person and govern ment : and though often tried, they ahvays proved themselves worthy of the high distinction which they had attained. The palace of Windsor, where the feasts were held, was progressively increasing in splendor, and it seemed to be the pride of Edward to render it at once the school of arms and the seat of pleasure. His own device on those occasions was a Avhite swan with the following motto : Hay, Hay, the White Swan t By God's soul I'm the man. It is not improbable that the beautiful birds, which gave a living charm to the waters of the Thames, continually flowing beneath his eye, suggested the conceit. To indemnify him for the great expense of his entertainments at Windsor, Edward issued a proclamation, requiring all who possessed estates of the yearly value of forty pounds, to repair to his presence and receive the honor of knighthood : but as that honor entailed on the person elevated to it, not only great personal danger and fatigue, but very consi- 164 derable expense, the numbers were so large of those who paid fines for permission to decline it, that he was indemnified for all the cost of his princely entertainments. An account of those noble and distinguished persons who have been the successors of the first knights, through every subsequent reign, doAvn to the present times, cannot but prove a very interesting subject of atten tion, as it must afford a proud series of English worth and honor in the recorded names of those Avho Avere elected into the order of the garter. They are as folloAvs. IN THE REIGN OF EDWARD III. 27. Richard of Bourdeaux, son of the Black Prince, afterwards Richard II. 28. Lionel of Antwerp, Earl of Ulster and Duke of Clarence. 29. John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster, afterwards created Duke of Aquitain. 30. Edmund of Langley, Earl of Cambridge, afterwards Duke of York. 31. John de Montford, Duke of Bretagne, and Earl of Richmond. 32. William de Bohun, Earl of Hereford. 33. Willi301 de Bohun, Earl of Northampton. 34. John Hastings, Earl of Pembroke. 35. Thomas Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick. 36. Richard Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel and Surrey. 37. Robert Ufford, Earl of Suffolk. 38. Hugh Strafford, Earl of Strafford. 39. Ingelram de Coucy, Earl of Bedford. 40. Guiscard de Angoulesme, Earl of Huntingdon. 41. Edward Spencer, Lord Spencer. 42. William Latimer, Lord Latimer. 165 43. Reynold Cobham, Lord Cobham of Sterborough. 44. John Nevil, Lord Nevil of Raby. 45. Ralph Basset, Lord Basset of Drayton. 46. Sir Walter Manny, Banneret. 47. Sir William Fitz-Warrin, Knight. 48. Sir Thomas Ufford, Knight. 49. Sir Thomas Felton, Knight. 50. Sir Francis Van Hall, Knight. 51. Sir Fulk Fitz-Warrin, Knight. 52. Sir Allen Boxhull, Knight. 53. Sir Richard Pemruge, Knight. 54. Sir Thomas Wright, Knight. 55. Sir Thomas Banester, Knight. 56. Sir Richard de la Vache, Knight. 57- Sir Guy de Bryan, Knight. IN THE REIGN OF RICHARD II. 58. Thomas of Woodstock, Earl of Buckingham, afterwards Duke of Gloucester. 59- Henry of Lancaster, or Bolingbroke, Earl of Derby, afterwards King of England ; the fourth of that name. 60. William, Duke of Gelderland. 61. William of Bavaria, Earl of Ostrevant, afterwards Earl of Holland, Hainault, and Zealand. 62. Thomas Holland, Earl of Kent, afterwards Duke of Surrey. 63. John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon, afterwards Duke of Exeter. 64. Thomas Mowbray, Earl of Northampton, afterwards Duke of Norfolk. 65. Edward, Earl of Rutland, afterwards Duke of Albemarle. 66. Michael de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk. 67. William Scroop, Lord Scroop, afterwards Earl of Wiltshire, and Lord Treasurer of England. 166 68. William Beauchamp, Lord Bergavenny. 69. John Beaumont, Lord Beaumont. 70. William Willoughby, Lord Willoughby. 7 1 • Richard Grey, Lord Grey. 72. Sir Nicholas Sarnsfield, Knight. 73. Sir Philip de la Vache, Knight. 74. Sir Robert Knolls, Knight. 75. Sir John Sulby, Knight. 76. Sir Lewis Clifford, Knight. 77. Sir Simon Burley, Knight. 78. Sir John de Evreux, Knight. 79- Sir Richard Burley, Knight. 80. Sir Bryan Stapleton, Knight. 81. Sir Peter Courtney, Knight. 82. Sir John Burley, Knight. 83. Sir John Bourchier, Knight. 84. Sir Thomas Granston, Knight. 85. Sir Robert Dunstanville, Knight. 86. Sir Robert de Namur, Knight. 87. Sir Sandech de Frane, Knight, alias Sanchet la Tour. IN THE REIGN OF HENRY IV. 88. Henry Prince of Wales, afterwards Henry V., King of England. 89- Thomas of Lancaster, Earl of Albemarle, and Duke of Clarence, brother to Prince Henry. 90. John Earl of Kendal, and Duke of Bedford, afterwards Regent of France, another brother of Prince Henry. 91. Humphry Earl of Pembroke, and afterwards Duke of Exeter. 92. Thomas Beaufort, Earl of Dorset, and afterwards Duke of Exeter. 167 QS. Robert, Count Palatine, Duke of Bavaria, afterwards Emperor of Germany. 94. John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, and Marquis of Dorset. 95. Thomas Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. 96. Edmund Strafford, Earl of Strafford. 97. Edmund Holland, Earl of Kent. 98. Ralph Nevil, Earl of Westmoreland. 99- Gilbert Roos, Lord Roos. 100. Gilbert Talbot, Lord Talbot. 101. John Lovel, Lord Lovel. 102. Hugh Burnell, Lord Burnell. 103. Thomas Morley, Lord Morley. 104. Edward Charlton, Lord Powis. 105. Sir John Cornwall, Knight, afterwards Lord Stanhope. 106. Sir William Arundel, Knight of the House of Fitz-Alan, 107- Sir John Stanley, Knight. 108. Sir Robert de Umfreville, Knight. 109- Sir Thomas Ramston, Knight. 1 10. Sir Thomas Erpingham, Knight. IN THE REIGN OF HENRY V. 111. Sir John Daubrichcourt, Knight. 112. Richard Vere, Earl of Oxford. 113. Thomas Camois, Lord Camois. 1 14. Sir Simon Felbryge, Knight. 115. Sir William Harmington, Knight. 116. John Holland, Earl of Huntingdon. 1 17. Sigismund, Emperor of Germany. 118. The Duke of Holland. 168 119. The Duke of Briga. 120. Sir John Blount, Knight. 121. Sir John Robessart, Knight. 122. Sir William Phillip, afterwards Lord Bardolph. 123. John King of Portugal. 124. Eric King of Denmark. 125. Richard Beauchamp, Earl of Warwick, afterwards Lieutenant General, and Governor in France and Normandy. 126. Thomas Montacute, Earl of Salisbury. 127- Robert Willoughby, Lord Willoughby. 128. Henry Fitz-Hugh, Lord Fitz-Hugh. 129. Sir John Grey, Knight, Earl of Tankerville. 1 30. Hugh Strafford, Lord Bourchier. 131. John Mowbray, Earl Marshal. 132. William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, afterwards Marquis and Duke of Suffolk. 133. John Clifford, Lord Clifford. 1 34. Sir Lewis Robessart, Knight, afterwards Lord Bourchier. 135. The Heer, or Sir Henry Van Clux, a German Lord, Captain of Creuilly in Normandy. 136. Sir Walter Hungerford, afterwards Lord Hungerford, and Lord Treasurer of England. 137. Philip Le Bon, Duke of Burgundy. IN THE REIGN OF HENRY VI. 138. John Talbot, Lord Talbot, afterwards Earl of Shrewsbury. 139. Thomas Scales, Lord Scales. 140. Sir John Falstaffe, Knight. 141. Peter, Duke of Coimbra, third son of John I., King of Portugal. 142. Humphry Strafford, Earl of Strafford, afterwards Duke of Buckinghamshire. 143. Sir John Ratcliffe, Knight. 144. John Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, and Lord Maltravers. 169 145. Richard Duke of York, the King's Lieutenant in France and Normandy. 146. Edward King of Portugal. 147- Edward Beaufort, Earl of Moriton, afterwards Earl of Dorset and Duke of Somerset. 148. Sir John Grej, Knight. 149. Richard Nevil, Earl of Salisbury, afterwards Lord Chancellor of England. 150. William Nevil, Lord Falconbergh, afterwards Earl of Kent. 151. Albert Duke of Austria, afterwards Emperor. 152. John Beaufort, Earl of Somerset, afterwards Duke of Somerset, and Earl of Kendal. 153. Ralph Butler, Lord Sudley, afterwards Lord Treasurer of England. 154. Henry Duke of Visco, fourth son of John 1., King of Portugal, and afterwards King of Portugal. 155. John Beaumont, Viscount Beaumont. 156. Gaston de Foix, Earl of Longueville and Benanges. 157. John de Foix, Earl of Kendal. 158. John Beauchamp, Lord Beauchamp of Powick, and afterwards Lord Treasurer of England. 159. Alphonsus, King of Portugal. 160. Albo Vasques d'Almada, Earl of Avranches in Normandy. 16 1. Thomas Hoo, Lord Hoo. 162. Sir Francis Kurien, Knight. 163. Alphonsus King of Arragon. 164. Casimir IV., King of Poland. 165. William Duke of Brunswick. 166. Richard Widvile, Lord Rivers, afterwards created Earl of Rivers. 167. John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. 168. Henry of Bourchier, Viscount Bourchier, afterwards Lord Treasurer of England and Earl of Essex. 169. Sir Philip Wentworth, Knight. 170. Sir Edward Hall, Knight. 171. Frederick III., Emperor of Germany. 172. John Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 1 73. Lionel Wells, Lord Wells. 174. Thomas Stanley, Lord Stanley. 175. Edward Prince of Wales. 176. Jasper Earl of Pembroke, afterwards Duke of Bedford. 177. James Butler, Earl of Wiltshire. Y 170 178. John Sutton, Lord Dudley. 179. John Bourchier, Lord Berners. 180. Richard Nevil, Earl of Warwick. 181, William Bonvill, Lord Bonvill. 182. John Wenlock, Lord Wenlo^k. 183. Sir Thomas Kyriell, Knight. IN THE REIGN OF EDWARD IV 184. George Duke of Clarence. 185. Sir William Chamberlayne, Knight. 1 86. John Tiptoft, Earl of Worcester, afterwards High Constable of England. 187. John Nevil, Lord Montague, afterwards Earl of Northumberland, and Marquis of Montague. 188. William Herbert, Lord Herbert, afterwards Earl of Pembroke. 189. William Hastings, Lord Hastings. 190. John Scrope, Lord Scrope of Bolton. 191. Sir John Astley, Knight. 192. Ferdinand King of Naples, son of Alphonsus, King of Arragon. 193. Francis Sfortia, Duke of Milan. 194. James Earl of Douglas. 195. Galliard de Duras, Lord of Duras. 196. Sir Robert Harcourt, Knight. 197. Anthony Widvile, Lord Scales and Nucelle, afterwards Earl Rivers. 198. Richard Duke of Gloucester, afterwards Richard III., King of England. 199. . Lord Mountgryson in Apulia. 200. John Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk. 201. John dela Pole, Duke of Suffolk. 202. William Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. 203. John Strafford, Earl of Wiltshire. 171 204. John Howard, Lord Howard, afterwards Duke of Norfolk. 205. Walter Devereux, Lord Ferrers of Chartley. 206. Walter Blount, Lord Mountjoy. 207. Charles, Duke of Burgundy. 208. Henry Stafford, Duke of Buckingham. 209. Thomas Fitz-Alan, Lord Maltravers, afterwards Earl Arundel. 210. Sir William Parr, of Kendal, Knight. 211. Frederick, Duke of Drbino. 212. Henry Piercy, Earl of Northumberland. 213. Edward, Prince of Wales. 214. Richard Duke of York, second son of Edward IV. 215. Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset and Earl of Huntingdon. 216. Sir Thomas Montgomery, Knight. 217. Ferdinand King of Castile and Leon. 218. Hercules d'Este, Duke of Ferrara. 219. John King of Portugal, son of Alphonsus V. IN THE REIGN OF RICHARD III. 220. Sir John Conyers, Knight. 221. Thomas Howard, Earl of Surrey, afterwards Lord Treasurer of England, and Duke of Norfolk. 222. Francis Lovel, Viscount Lovel. 223. Sir Richard Ratcliff, Knight. 224. Sir Thomas Burgh, Knight, afterwards Lord Burgh. 225. Thomas Stanley, Lord Stanley, afterwards Earl of Derby. 226. Sir Richard Tunstall, Knight. 172 IN THE REIGN OF HENRY VII. 227. John Vere, Earl of Oxford. 228. Sir Giles d'Aubeney, afterwards Lord d'Aubeney, or d'Aubigny. 229- Thomas Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. 230. George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 231. John Wells, Viscount Wells. 232. George Stanley, Lord Strange. 233. Sir Edward Wydevil, Knight Banneret. 234. John Dyneham, or Dinant, Lord Dyneham, Lord Treasurer of England. 235. Maximilian King of the Romans, afterwards Emperor of Germany. 236. Sir John Savage, Knight. 237- Sir William Stanley, Knight, Lord Chamberlain. 238. Sir John Cheney, Knight Banneret. 239- Alphonsus, Duke of Calabria and Naples, King of Sicily and Jerusalem. 240. Arthur Prince of Wales. 241. Thomas Grey, Marquis of Dorset. 242. Henry Piercy, Earl of Northumberland. 243. Henry Bourchier, Earl of Essex. 244. Sir Charles Somerset, Knight Banneret, afterwards Earl of Worcester and Lord Herbert. 245. Robert Willoughby, Lord Brook. 246. Sir Edward Poynings, Knight. 247. Sir Gilbert Talbot, of Grafton, Knight Banneret. 248. Sir Richard Poole. 249. Edward Strafford, Duke of Buckingham. 250. Henry Duke of York, afterwards Henry VIII., King of England. 251. Edward Courtney, Earl of Devonshire. 252. Sir Richard G uilford, Knight Banneret. 253. Edmund de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk. 254. Sir Thomas Lovell, Knight Banneret. 173 255. Sir Reginald Bray, Knight Banneret. 256. John King of Denmark. 257- Guido Ubaldo, Duke of Urbino. 258. Gerald Fitzgerald, Earl of Kildare. 259- Henry Strafford, Lord Strafford, afterwards Earl of Wiltshire. 260. Richard Grey, Earl of Kent. 261. Sir Rys ap Thomas, Knight Banneret. 262. Philip King of Castile. 263. Sir Thomas Brandon, Knight Banneret. 264. Charles Archduke of Austria, Prince of Spain, afterwards Emperor of Germany. IN THE REIGN OF HENRY VIII. 265. Thomas Darcy, Lord Darcy. 266. Edward Sutton, Lord Dudley. 267. Emanuel King of Portugal. 268. Thomas Howard, Lord Howard, eldest son to Thomas Duke of Norfolk, afterwards Earl of Surrey, and second Duke of Norfolk. 269. Thomas West, Lord De la Ware. 270. Sir William Marney, Knight, afterwards Lord Marney. 27 1 . George Neville, Lord Abergavenny. 272. Sir Edward Howard, Knight, second son to Thomas Duke of Norfolk, second Duke of that family. 273. Sir Charles Brandon, afterwards Duke of Suffolk. 274. Julian de Medicis, brother to Pope Leo X. 275. Edward Stanley, Lord Monteagle, second son to the Earl of Derby. 276. Thomas Dacres, Lord Dacres of Gillesland. 277- Sir William Sandys, afterwards Lord Sandys. 27S. Henry Courtney, Earl of Devonshire. 174 279- Ferdinand Prince and Infant of Spain, Archduke of Austria, afterwards Emperor of Ger many. 280. Sir Richard Wingfield, Knight. 281. Sir Thomas Bulien, Knight, afterwards Viscount Rochford, and Earl of Wiltshire and Ormond. 282. Walter d'Evreux, Lord Ferrers of Chartley, afterwards Viscount Hereford. 283. Arthur Plantagenet, Viscount Lisle. 284. Robert Ratcliff, Viscount Fitz-Walter, afterwards Earl of Sussex. 285. William Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. 286. Thomas Manners, Lord Roos, afterwards Earl of Rutland. 287. Henry Fitzroy, afterwards Earl of Nottingham, and Duke of Richmond and Somerset. 288. Ralph Nevil, Earl of Westmoreland. 289. William Blount, Lord Mountjoy. 290. Sir William Fitz- William, Knight, afterwards Earl of Southampton. 291. Sir Henry Gilford, Knight. 292. Francis I., King of France. 293. John Vere, Earl of Oxford. 294. Henry Piercy, Earl of Northumberland. 295. Anthony Montmorency, Duke of Montmorency. 296. Philip Chabot, Earl of Newblanch. 297. James V., King of Scotland. 298. Sir Nicholas Carew, Knight. 299. Henry Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. 300. Thomas Cromwell, Lord Cromwell, afterwards Earl of Essex. 301. John Russel, Lord Russel, afterwards Earl of Bedford. 302. Thomas Audley, Lord Audley of Walden, and Lord Chancellor of England 303. Sir William Kingston, Knight. 304. Sir Thomas Cheney, Knight. 305. Sir Anthony Brown, Knight. 306. Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, afterwards Duke of Somerset. 307. Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey. 308. Sir John Gage. 309. Sir Anthony Wingfield, Knight. 310. John Sutton, alias Dudley, Viscount Lisle, afterwards Earl of Warwick, and Duke of Northumberland. 175 311. William Paulet, Lord Saint John of Basing, afterwards Earl of Wiltshire, and Marquis of Winchester. 312. William Parr, Lord Parr of Kendal, afterwards Earl of Essex, and Marquis of North ampton. 313. Sir John Wallop, Knight. 314. Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel. 315. Sir Anthony St. Leger, Knight. 31 6. Francis Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 317. Thomas Wriotherly, Lord Wriotherly, afterwards Earl of Southampton. IN THE REIGN OF EDWARD VI. 318. Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset, afterwards Duke of Suffolk. 319- Edward Stanley, Earl of Derby. 320. Thomas Seymour, Lord Seymour of Sudley. 321. Sir William Paget, afterwards Lord Paget. 322. Francis Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon. 323. George Brooke, Lord Cobham. 324. Thomas West, Lord De la Ware. S25. Sir William Herbert, Knight, afterwards Lord Herbert of Cardiff, and Earl of Pembroke. 326. Henry II., King of France. 327. Edward Clinton, alias Fines, Lord Clinton, afterwards Earl of Lincoln. 328. Thomas Darcy, Lord Darcy of Chiche. 329. Henry Nevil, Earl of Westmoreland. 330. Sir Andrew Dudley, Knight. 176 IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN MARY. 331. Philip II., King of Spain, afterwards King of England. 332. Henry Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex. 333. Emanuel Philibert, Duke of Savoy. 334. William Howard, Lord Howard of Effingham. 335. Anthony Brown, Viscount Montacute. 336". Sir Edward Hastings, Knight, afterwards Lord Hastings of Loughborough. 337. Thomas Ratcliff, Earl of Sussex. 338. William Grey, Lord Grey of Wilton. 339- Sir Robert Rochester. IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ELIZABETH. 340. Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk. 341. Henry Manners, Earl of Rutland. 342. Sir Robert Dudley, Knight, afterwards Earl of Leicester. 343. Adolphus, Duke of Holstein. 344. George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 345. Henry Carey, Lord Hunsdon. 346. Thomas Piercy, Earl of Northumberland. 347. Ambrose Dudley, Earl of Warwick. 348. Charles IX., King of France. 349. Francis Russel, Earl of Bedford. 350. Sir Henry Sidney, Knight. 351. Maximilian II., Emperor of Germany. 177 352. Henry Hastings, Earl of Huntingdon. 353. William Somerset, Earl of Worcester. 354. Francis Montmorency, Duke of Montmorency. 355. Walter D'Evereux, Viscount Hereford, afterwards Earl of Essex. 356. William Cecil, Lord Burleigh, afterwards Lord Treasurer of England. 357. Arthur Grey, Lord Grey of Wilton. 358. Edmund Bruges, Lord Chandos. 359. Henry Stanley, Earl of Derby. 360. Henry Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. 36 1. Henry III., King of France. 362. Charles Howard, Lord Howard of Effingham, afterwards Earl of Nottingham. 363. Rodolph, Emperor of Germany. 364. Frederick II., King of Denmark. 365. John Casimir, Count Palatine of the Rhine. 366. Edward Manners, Earl of Rutland. 367. William Brook, Lord Cobham. 368. Henry Scrope, Lord Scrope of Bolton. 369. Robert D'Evereux, Earl of Essex. 370. Thomas Butler, Earl of Ormond and Ossory. 371. Sir Christopher Hatton, Knight, afterwards Lord Chancellor of England. 372. Henry Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex. 373. Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst, afterwards Lord Treasurer of England, and Earl of Dorset. 374. Henry IV., King of France. 375. James VI., King of Scotland, afterwards James I., King of England. 376. Gilbert Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury. 377. George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland. 378. Henry Piercy, Earl of Northumberland. 379. Henry Somerset, Earl of Worcester. 380. Thomas Burrough, Lord Burrough. 381. Edmund Sheffield, Lord Sheffield, afterwards Earl of Mulgrave. £82. Sir Francis Knolles, Knight. 383. Frederick Duke of Wirtemberg. 384. Thomas Howard, Lord Howard of Walden, afterwards Earl of Suffolk, and Lord Trea surer of England. 385. Carey, Lord Hunsdon. z 178 386. Charles Blount, Lord Mountjoy, afterwards Earl of Devonshire. S87. Sir Henry Lea, Knight. 388. Robert Ratcliffe, Earl of Sussex. 389- Henry Brook, Lord Cobham. 390. Thomas Scrope, Lord Scrope of Bolton. 391. William Stanley, Earl of Derby. 392. Thomas Cecil, Lord Burleigh, afterwards Earl of Exeter. IN THE REIGN OF JAMES 1. 393. Henry, Prince of Wales. 394. Christian IV., King of Denmark. 395. Lodowick Stewart, Duke of Lenox, and afterwards Duke of Richmond. 396. Henry Wriothesly, Earl of Southampton. 397. John Erskine, Earl of Marr. 398. William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke. 399. Ulrick, Duke of Holstein. 400. Henry Howard, Earl of Northampton. 401. Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. 402. Thomas Howard, Viscount Bindon. 403. George Hume, Earl of Dunbar. 404. Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery, afterwards Earl of Pembroke. 405. Charles Stuart, Duke of York, Prince of Wales, and afterwards Charles I. 406. Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel, afterwards Earl of Norfolk. 407- Robert Carr, Viscount Rochester, afterwards Earl of Somerset. 408. Frederick, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Prince Elector of the Empire, and afterwards King of Bohemia. 409. Maurice de Nassau, Prince of Orange. 410. Thomas Erskine, Viscount Fenton, afterwards Earl of Kelly. 179 411. William Knolles, afterwards Viscount Wallingford and Earl of Banbury. 412. Francis Manners, Earl of Rutland. 413. Sir George Villiers, Knight, afterwards Baron of Whaddon, then Earl and Marquis of Buckingham, and lastly Earl of Coventry and Duke of Buckingham. 414. Robert Sidney, Viscount Lisle, afterwards Earl of Leicester. 415. James Hamilton, Marquis Hamilton, and Earl of Cambridge. 416. Esme Stuart, Duke of Lenox, and Earl of March. 417. Christian, Duke of Brunswick. 418. William Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. 419. James Hay, Earl of Carlisle. 420. Edward Sackville, Earl of Dorset. 421. Henry Rich, Earl of Holland. 422. Thomas Howard, Viscount AndoVer, afterwards Earl of Berkshire. IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES I. 423. Claude de Lorraine, Due de Chevreuse. 424. Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden. 425. Henry Frederick de Nassau, Prince of Orange. 426. Theophilus Howard, Earl of Suffolk. 427. William Compton, Earl of Northampton. 428. Richard Weston, Lord Weston, Lord Treasurer of England, and afterwards Earl of Portland. 429- Robert Bertie, Earl of Lindsey. 430. William Cecil, Earl of Exeter. 431. James Hamilton, Marquis of Hamilton, Earl of Cambridge and Arran. 432. Charles Lodowick, Count Palatine of the Rhine, Prince Elector of the Empire, and Duke of Bavaria. 433. James Stewart, Duke of Lenox, and Earl of March, afterwards Duke of Richmond. 180 434. Henry Danvers, Earl of Danby. 435. William Douglas, Earl of Morton. 436. Algernon Piercy, Earl of Northumberland. 437. Charles, Prince of Wales, afterwards Charles II., King of England. 438. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford. 439- James, Duke of York, afterwards James II. 440. Rupert, Count Palatine of the Rhine. 441. William de Nassau, Prince of Orange. 442. Bernard de Nogaret de Foix, Duke d'Espernon and de la Valette. IN THE REIGN OF CHARLES II. 443. Maurice, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Duke of Bavaria, third son of the King of Bohemia. 444. James Butler, Marquis of Ormond, afterwards Earl of Brecknock and Duke of Ormond in Ireland and England. 445. Edward, Count Palatine of the Rhine, and Duke of Bavaria, fifth son of the King of Bohemia. 446. George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. 447. William Hamilton Douglas, Duke of Hamilton. 448. Thomas Wriothesly, Earl of Southampton. 449. William Cavendish, Marquis of Newcastle, afterwards Duke of Newcastle. 450. James Graham, Marquis of Montrose. 451. James Stanley, Earl of Derby. 452. George Digby, Earl of Bristol. 453. Henry Duke of Gloucester, third son of Charles I, 454. Henry Charles de la Tremouille, Prince de Tarente. 455. William de Nassau, Prince of Orange, afterwards William III. 456. Frederick William, Prince Elector of the Empire, Marquis of Brandenburgh. 181 457. John Gaspar Ferdinand de Marchin, Count de Graville. 458. Sir George Monk, Knight, afterwards Duke of Albemarle. 459. Sir Edward Mountague, Knight, afterwards Earl of Sandwich. 460. William Seymour, Marquis of Hertford, afterwards Duke of Somerset. 461. Aubrey de Vere, Earl of Oxford. 462. Charles Stewart, Duke of Richmond and Lenox. 463. Montague Bertie, Earl of Lindsey. 464. Edward Mountague, Earl of Manchester. 465. William Wentworth, Earl of Strafford. 466. Christian, Prince of Denmark, afterwards King of Denmark. 467. James Scot, Duke of Monmouth and Buccleugh. 468. James Stuart, Duke of Cambridge, son of James Duke of York. 469- Charles IX., King of Sweden, Goths, and Vandals. 470. John, George II., Duke of Saxony, Juliers, Cleves, and Mentz, Prince Elector of the Empire. 47 1 • Christopher Monk, Duke of Albemarle. 472. John Maitland, Duke of Lauderdale. 473. Henry Somerset, Marquis of Worcester, afterwards Duke of Beaufort. 474. Henry Jermyn, Earl of St. Albans. 475. William Russel, Earl of Bedford, afterwards Duke of Bedford. 476. Henry Bennet, Earl of Arlington. 477. Thomas Butler, Earl of Ossory. 478. Charles Fitzroy, Earl of Southampton, afterwards Duke of Southampton and Cleveland. 479- John, Earl of Mulgrave, afterwards Duke of Buckingham and Normanby. 480. William Cavendish, Duke of Newcastle. 481. Thomas Osborne, Earl of Danby, afterwards Duke of Leeds. 482. Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton. 483. William Cecil, Earl of Salisbury. 484. Charles, Count Palatine of the Rhine. 485. Charles, Duke of Richmond and Lenox. 486. George, Prince of Denmark. 4&7. Charles Seymour, Duke of Somerset. 488. George Fitzroy, Duke of Northumberland. 182 IN THE REIGN OF JAMES II. 489- Henry Howard, Duke of Norfolk. 490. Henry Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough. 49 1 . Laurence Hyde, Earl of Rochester. 492. Louis de Duras, Earl of Feversham. 493. Robert Spencer, Earl of Sunderland. IN THE REIGN OF WILLIAM AND MARY. 494. James Butler, Duke of Ormond. 495. Frederick Schonberg, Duke of Schonberg. 496. William Cavendish, Earl of Devonshire, afterwards Duke of Devonshire. 497- Charles Sackville, Earl of Dorset and Middlesex. 498. Frederick III., Marquis of Brandenburgh, Prince Elector, and Great Chamberlain of the Holy Roman Empire, afterwards King of Prussia. 499. George William, Duke of Brunswick and Lunenburgh Zell, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire. 500. Charles Talbot, Duke of Shrewsbury. 501. Prince William, Duke of Gloucester. 502. John Holies, Duke of Newcastle. 503. William Bentinck, Earl of Portland. 504. Thomas Herbert, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery. 505. Arnold Joost Van Keppel, Earl of Albemarle. 506. James Douglas, Duke of Queensbury and Dover. 507. George Lewis, Elector of Brunswick Lunenburgh, &c. afterwards George I. 183 IN THE REIGN OF QUEEN ANNE. 508. Wriothesly Russel, Duke of Bedford. 509. John Churchill, Duke of Marlborough. 510. Mynhardt Schonberg, Duke of Schonberg. 511. Sidney Godolphin, Earl of Godolphin. 512. George Augustus, Prince Electoral of Hanover, afterwards George II. 513. William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire. 514. John Campbell, Duke of Argyll. 515. James Hamilton, Duke of Hamilton and Brandon. 516. Henry Somerset, Duke of Beaufort. 517. Henry de Grey, Duke of Kent. 518. John Poulet, Earl Poulet. 519. Robert Harley, Earl of Oxford and Earl of Mortimer. 520. Thomas Wentworth, Earl of Strafford. 521. Charles Mordaunt, Earl of Peterborough and Monmouth. IN THE REIGN OF GEORGE I. 522. Charles Paulet, Duke of Bolton. 523. John Manners, Duke of Rutland. 524. Lionel Cranfield Sackville, Earl, and afterwards Duke, of Dorset. 525. Charles Montague, Earl of Halifax. 526. Frederick Lewis, Prince of Brunswick Lunenburgh, afterwards Duke of Gloucester and Prince of Wales. 184 527. Ernest Augustus, Prince of Brunswick Lunenburgh, Bishop of Osnaburg, and Duke of York. 528. Charles Beauclerck, Duke of Saint Albans. 529. John Montagu, Duke of Montagu. 530. Thomas Holies Pelham, Duke of Newcastle. 531. James Berkeley, Earl of Berkeley. 532. Evelyn Pierpoint, Duke of Kingston. 533. Charles Spencer, Earl of Sunderland. 534. Charles Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton. 535. Henry Clinton, Earl of Lincoln. 536. Charles Paulet, Duke of Bolton. 537. John Manners, Duke of Rutland. 538. John Kerr, Duke of Roxburgh. 539. Richard Lumley, Earl of Scarborough. 540. Charles Townshend, Viscount Townshend. 541. Charles Lenox, Duke of Richmond. 542. Sir Robert Walpole, afterwards Earl of Orford. IN THE REIGN OF GEORGE II. 543. William Augustus, Duke of Cumberland, second son of George II. 544. Philip Dormer Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield. 545. Richard Boyle, Earl of Burlington. 546. William Charles Henry Friso, Prince of Orange. 547. William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire. 548. Spencer Compton, Earl of Wilmington. 549. William Capell, Earl of Essex. 550. James Waldgrave, Earl Waldgrave. 551. Charles Beauclerk, Duke of St. Albans. 185 552. Charles Spencer, Duke of Marlborough. 553. Evelyn Pierpoint, Duke of Kingston. 554. William Bentinck, Duke of Portland." 555. Thomas Osborne, Duke of Leeds. 556. John Russell, Duke of Bedford. 557. John Earl Granville. 558. Prince George (the present King). 559- Frederic, Duke of Saxe Gotha. 560. Prince Frederic of Hesse. 561. George Brudenel, Earl of Cardigan. 562. Henry Clinton, Earl of Lincoln. 563. Daniel Finch, Earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham. 564. Prince Edward (late Duke of Gloucester). 565. William, fifth Prince of Orange. 566. Henry Howard, Earl of Carlisle. 567- Francis Seymour Conway, Earl of Hertford. 568. Hugh Percy, Earl of Northumberland. 569. William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire. 570. James Waldegrave, Earl Waldegrave. 571. Prince Ferdinand of Brunswick. 572. Lewis Watson Wentworth, Marquis of Rockingham. 573. Richard Temple, Earl Temple. 1 In the reign of Henry IV.— Pote adds Sir Thomas Piercy, Knight, but he does not mention on what authority, whose name is not to be found in Ashmole's List of the Order. 2 A 186 IN THE REIGN OF GEORGE III. 574. John Stuart, Earl of Bute, September 22, 1762. 575. Prince William (late) Duke of Cumberland, September 22, 1762. 576. George (now) Prince of Wales, December 26, 1765. 577- George Keppel, Earl of Albemarle, December 26, 1766. 578. Henry Frederic, (late) Duke of Cumberland, December 21, 1767. 579- Prince Frederic, Bishop of Osnaburgh (Duke of York), December 30, 1767. 580. George Spencer, Duke of Marlborough, December 12, 1768. 581. Augustus Henry Fitzroy, Duke of Grafton, September 20, 1769. 582. Henry Frederic (late Duke of Cumberland), December 21, 1769- 583. Granville Leveson Gower, EarlGower, February 11, 1771. 584. The Duke of Mecklinburgh, July 25, 1771. 585. Frederic North, commonly called Lord North, June 18, 1772. 586. Thomas Thynne, Earl of Weymouth, June 3, 1778. 587. William Henry Zulestein de Nassau, Earl of Rochford, June 3, 1778. 588. Henry Howard, Earl of Suffolk, June 3, 1778. 589. William Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire, April 19, 1782. 590. Charles Lenox, Duke of Richmond, April 19, 1782. 591. William Petty, Earl of Shelburne, April 19, 1782. 592. Charles Manners, Duke of Rutland, October 3, 1782. 593. Prince Ernest Augustus (now Duke of Cumberland), June 2, 1 786. 594. Prince Augustus Frederic (now Duke of Sussex), June 2, 1786. 187 595. Prince Adolphus Frederic (now Duke of Cambridge), June 2, 1786. 596. Henry Somerset, Duke of Beaufort, June 2, 1786. 597. George Granville Nugent Temple, Marquis of Buckingham, June 2, 1786. 598. Charles Earl Cornwallis, June 2, 1786. 599- John Frederic Sackville, Duke of Dorset, April 9, 1788. 600. Hugh Percy, Duke of Northumberland, April 9, 1788. 601. Francis Osborne, Duke of Leeds, December 15, 1790. 602. John Pitt, Earl of Chatham, December 15, 1790. 603. John Fane, Earl of Westmoreland, November 26, 1792. 604. James Cecil, Marquis of Salisbury, June 12, 1793. 605. Frederic Howard, Earl of Carlisle, June 12, 1793. 606. Henry Scot, Duke of Buccleugh, May 8, 1794. 607. Prince William Frederic (now Duke of Gloucester), July 16, 1794. 608. William Henry Bentinck, Duke of Portland, July 16, 1794. 609. Richard Howe, Earl Howe, November 21, 1797. 610. George John Spencer, Earl Spencer, March 1, 1799. 611. John Jeffreys Pratt, Earl Camden, August 14, 1799. 612. Prince William Henry, Duke of Clarence, August 14, 1799. 613. Prince Edward, Duke of Kent, August 14, 1799. 614. John Ker, Duke of Roxburgh, June 3, 1801. 615. William Landgrave of Hesse, May 29, 1802. 616. Ernest Duke of Saxe Gotha, May 29, 1802. 617- Henry Manners, Duke of Rutland, November 25, 1803. 618. Philip Yorke, Earl of Hardwick, December 3, 1803. 619- Henry Charles Somerset, Duke of Beaufort, January 17, 1805. 620. John James Hamilton, Marquis of Abercorn, January 17, 1805. 621. George Herbert, Earl of Pembroke and Montgomery, January 17, 1805. 622. George Finch, Earl of Winchelsea and Nottingham, January 1 7, ] 805. 623. Philip Stanhope, Earl of Chesterfield, January 17, 1805. 624. George Legge, Earl of Dartmouth, May 17, 1805. 625. Granville Leveson Gower, Marquis of Stafford, March 22, 1806. 626. Francis Seymour Conway, Marquis of Hertford, July 18, 1807. 627. William Lowther, Earl of Lonsdale, July 18, 1807- 628. Richard Colley Wellesley, Marquis Wellesley, March 3, 1810. 188 629- James Graham, Duke of Montrose, March 26, 1812. 630. Charles Lenox, Duke of Richmond, April 13, 1812. 631. Francis Rawdon, Earl of Moira, June 1812. 632. Henry Pelham Clinton, Duke of Newcastle, June 1812. This splendid enumeration of so many great men and illustrious cha racters of every European kingdom as Avell as our own, gives a stamp of honor to the Order of the Garter, which establishes its superiority over every institution of a similar nature, which has been adopted by the sovereigns of other nations, and confirms the opinion of the learned Selden, " that the Order of the Garter hath not only precedency of anti quity before the eldest rank of honor of that kind any Avhere established, but that it exceeds in majesty, honor, and fame, all chivalrous orders in the world. Du Chesne, a French Avriter of the sixteenth century, describes the admission into this order as an honor of the first class. " Cet ordre est la supreme marque d'honneur de la noblesse Angloise, et tres rare, et que les plus grands et puissants princes de la Chretiente tiennent meme a quelque gloire d'y etre recus et associ6s." Polydore Virgil expresses himself to the same effect. " Rex instituit Garterium Ordinem, cui tantus deinde accessit honor, ut maximos quosque reges non poeniterit in id venire collegium/' Camden also observes on the same subject, — " In hanc societatem potentissimi quique orbis Christiani principes cooptari, instar maximi honoris duxerunt." Indeed there is no royal or princely family in Europe, which has not considered it as honor 189 that the heads or branches of it should be admitted into this illustrious society, which has florished near five centuries in unrivalled dignity and splendor. A crown of such majestic towers doth grace The Gods' great mother, when her heavenly race Do homage to her, yet she cannot boast Among that numerous and celestial host, More heroes than can Windsor ; nor doth Fame's Immortal book record more noble names. Denham's Cooper's Hill. The muse of Dryden has been employed in celebrating the same asso ciation of exalted rank and martial virtue. — Behold an order yet of newer date ; Doubling their number, equal in their state ; Our England's ornament, the crown's defence, In battle brave, protectors of their prince : Unchang'd by fortune, to their sovereign true, For which their manly legs are bound with blue. These, of the Garter call'd, of faith unstain'd In fighting fields the laurel have obtain'd And well repaid the honors which they gain'd. Dryden's Flower and Leaf. The following ceremonial was observed at the last Installation of this most Noble Order, and is obtained from the printed Instructions of the College of Heralds. CEREMONIES TO BE OBSERVED IN PRESENCE OF THE SOVEREIGN, KNIGHTS COMPANIONS THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER, AT WINDSOR CASTLE, ON TUESDAY, THE TWENTY-THIRD DAY OF APRIL, 1805. (being saint george's day) AT THE installations OF THE DUKE OF RUTLAND, THE EARL OF HARDWICKE, THE DUKE OF BEAUFORT, THE MARQUIS OF ABERCORN, THE EARL OF PEMBROKE AND MONTGOMERY, THE EARL OF WINCHELSEA AND NOTTINGHAM, AND THE EARL OF CHESTERFIELD. IN A CHAPTER OF THE MOST NOBLE ORDER OF THE GARTER, Held APRIL 24, 1663, It was declared, by the Sovereign and Companions, that the sole ordering of the Ceremonies belonged unto Garter ; and accordingly it was ordered, that he should have the care thereof for the future, to direct, or order the same. 192 A SCHEME OF THE STALLS. Duke of Sussex. ft °H M fc IkO . W W « W O The SOVEREIGN. The Prince of Wales. ft « n ft fc o < 1-1 a ps w w p n P g Duke of Cambridge. DUKE OF GLOUCESTER. PRINCE WILLIAM FREDERIC. PRINCE OF ORANGE. ELECTOR OF HESSE. DUKE OF BRUNSWICK. DUKE OF MARLBOROUGH. DUKE OF GRAFTON. DUKE OF RICHMOND. DCKE OF DEVONSHIRE. MARQUIS OF LANSDOWN. MARQUIS OF BUCKINGHAM. MARQUIS CORNWALLIS. DUKE OF NORTHUMBERLAND. EARL OF CHATHAM. MARQUIS OF SALISBURY. EARL OF WESTMORELAND. EARL OF CARLISLE. DUKE OF BUCCLEUGH. DUKE OF PORTLAND. EARL SPENCER. EARL CAMDEN. DUKE OF RUTLAND. EARL OF HARDWICKE. DUKE OF BEAUFORT. MARQUIS OF ABERCORN. EARL OF PEMBROKE. EARL OF WINCHELSEA. EARL OF CHESTERFIELD. 193 The Knights Companions, in the complete habit of the Order, the officers of the Order in their mantles, the Knights elect in the under habits, having their caps and feathers in their hands, and the proxy for the Earl of Hardwicke in his ordinary habit, attend the Sovereign in the Royal Apart ment. The Officers of Arms, and the four Serjeants at Arms with their maces, attend in the Presence Chamber; the Prebends and Poor Knights, as also the kettle drums and house trumpets, in the Guard Chamber. The Proxy is not to go in the procession ; but to retire privately to his chair at the back of the Altar. The Sovereign coming under his state, G arter King of Arms calls over the Knights : and a pro cession is made from the Royal Apartment, through the Presence and Guard Chambers ; the end of Saint George's Hall ; the late Private Chapel ; the passage leading to the Great Stairs ; descend ing which, through the Hall to the Great Court ; and, from thence, to the south door of Saint George's Chapel ; in the following order. Procession from the Royal Apartment to the Chapter House. Ketde Drums, and House Trumpets. Poor Knights, Two and Two. Prebends, Two and Two. Pursuivants and Heralds of Arms, Two and Two. Norroy King of Arms. Clarenceux King of Arms. The Knights Elect, Two and Two, having their Caps and Feathers in their Hands. The Knights Companions ; each with his Companion, if present ; if not, alone ; according to their Stalls. | ° £ /'The Register, having Garter King of Arms on his right ; and"\ w ^ "•"Si J rf ¦". ° si™ I Deputy Black Rod on his left Hand ; bearing the loaS'SP Sb"H< Rods of their respective Offices. >!."§ "" 1 °° I Chancellor, with the Purse, having, on his righ^ Hand, the 1 » | % £"*[„ Prelate. J?*g 2 B 194 eS s a O.S O CD c 03 Lord Chamberlain. The Sword of State. The SOVEREIGN, in the full Habit of the Order ; His train borne by the Eldest Sons of two Dukes, and by the Master of the Robes. Band of Gentlemen Pensioners. to pa B *->% ho'O ff B •"< r^ 3CD In this manner moving to the Chapel, the procession will enter at the south door : ' pass down the south aisle ; and, up the north aisle, to the Chapter House ; the Poor Knights dividing, on either side, at some distance from the Chapter House ; then the Prebends, next above ; and the Officers of Arms nearest the Chapter House. None entering with the Sovereign into the Chapter House, but the Knights Companions, and the sworn Officers of the Order ; the Knights Elect retire to their chairs in the aisle behind the Altar. The Sovereign's train to be carried into the Chapter House by Garter ; and to be borne out of the Chapter House by Deputy Black Rod, and then again carried by the train bearers. Deputy Black Rod, and the Register, not having been sworn, remain in the aisle, opposite to the Knights Elect. The Sovereign, and the Knights Companions, being seated, the latter according to their seniority, and their Stalls in the Chapel ; Garter acquaints his Majesty, that Robert Quarme, Esquire, Deputy Black Rod, waits at the door, and humbly prays admittance to take the oath of office : and he being thereupon introduced by Garter, kneels near the Sovereign on the left hand ; when Garter, holding the Gospels, administers the oath. Deputy Black Rod having kissed the Sove reign's hand, retires to his place at the bottom of the table. Then the Chancellor, or (in his absence), Garter, acquaints his Majesty, that the Dean of Wind sor, the Honorable and Reverend Doctor Edward Legge, attends at the door, and prays admit tance to take the oath as Register of the Order. He is thereupon introduced by Garter and Deputy Black Rod ; the latter carrying the ensigns of the Register's Office : The Chancellor, or (in his absence), Garter, administers the oath ; and the Register, being invested, and having kissed the Sovereign's hand, withdraws to his place at the bottom of the table. Then, by the Sovereign's command, the Chancellor, or, in his absence, the Register, standing on the left hand of his Majesty, reads the new statute. When done, the Register returns to his place. Garter then, by the Sovereign's command, introduces the Duke of Rutland, who is received at 1 The drums and trumpets are to file off on the outside of the south door ; and the Serjeants at Arms, and the Band ef Gentlemen Pensioners, arc to stop within the said door, until the return, when they again join the procession. 195 the door by the two Junior Knights, and conducted to the table, where the Surcoat, Girdle, and Sword has been placed : And Garter presenting the Surcoat to the two Junior Knights, they invest his Grace therewith ; the Register reading the admonition, " Take this robe," &fc. Then Garter presents the Girdle in like manner, and afterwards the Sword ; which they put oh his Grace, who thereupon stands at his place near the table. Garter then introduces the proxy for the Earl of Hardwicke, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland, and Knight Elect of the Order, who is to stand at his Excellency's place near the table. Garter then introduces, severally, the Duke of Beaufort ; the Marquis of Abercorn ; the Earl of Pembroke ; the Earl of Winchilsea ; and the Earl of Chesterfield ; who are invested with the Surcoat, Girdle, and Sword, with the like ceremonies. The Knights Elect and the Proxy continue in the Chapter House while the procession to the Chapel is made down to the bottom of the north aisle, and, up the middle aisle, into the Choir, in the following order. PROCESSION TO THE CHOIR. First, the Poor Knights ; who, coming into the Choir, make their reverences, first to the Altar, then to the Sovereign's Stall, and place themselves, on each side, near the Altar. The Prebends make their reverences in like manner, and go to their places under the Stalls. The Officers of Arms, making their reverences, stand next to the Poor Knights. Then the Knights Companions, each in the order in which he had walked, singly, or with his Companion, make their reverences, and retire under their banners ; where they remain standing. The Register, Garter, and Deputy Black Rod, making their reverences together, stand before their form. The Prelate and Chancellor do the same. The Sword of State, with the Lord Chamberlain on his left hand (the Sovereign being seated), stand on the steps before, or under, the Sovereign's Stall. The Sovereign makes one reverence to the Altar ; and, being in his Stall, repeats the same ; the Train Bearers standing upon the steps leading up to the Sovereign's Stall. Garter then going into the middle of the Choir, and, making his double reverence, waves his Sceptre towards his Royal Highness the Prince of Wales; who, thereupon, coming from under 196 his Banner, makes his reverences, and ascends into his Stall ; where, repeating his reverences, he sits down. All the other Knights continue standing under their Banners. The Prelate is conducted to the Altar by the Verger of Saint George's Chapel ; and two Pre bends, by the same Verger. OFFERING OF THE ACHIEVEMENTS. Then Garter, with the usual reverences, takes up the Banner belonging to the late Duke of Saxe Gotha ; and, holding it up, the Provincial Kings of Arms join ; and, making their reverences, repair to the two Senior Knights ; who, thereupon, join, making their reverences together, and receive the Banner from Garter, which they carry, the point foremost, a little declining; and, being preceded by the said Provincial Kings of Arms, advance to the first step of the altar ; where they repeat their reverences ; and, coming to the rails, make one reverence to the altar : then, kneeling, they deliver the Banner to the Prelate ; who, assisted by the Prebends, places it upright at the south end of the Altar. The two Knights then return, with like reverences, and stand under their Banners. The Sword is then delivered by Garter to the two next Senior Knights; who, attended by the said Provincial Kings of Arms, offer the same (the hilt upwards), with like ceremonies. The Helm and Crest are offered by the two next Senior Knights, with the same ceremony, attended by the said provincial Kings of Arms. The Achievements of the late Marquis of Stafford, of the late Duke of Beaufort, and of the late Duke of Roxburghe, are offered, with the same ceremonies, by the six Senior Knights, not of the blood royal, attended each time by two Heralds, in rotation. Then Garter, bowing to each Knight, (the senior first), summons him to ascend into his Stall; when he, singly, or joining his Companion, if present, makes his reverences ; and the same are repeated when in the Stalls. 197 All the Knights being in their Stalls ; Garter summons the two Senior Knights under their Ban ners, in order to instal the Duke of Rutland : and a procession is made to the Chapter House, (all making the usual reverences on going out of the Choir), in the following order : Poor Knights. Officers of Arms. Deputy Black Rod. The Register. Garter. The two Knights, if Companions, together ; if not, singly ; who, with the Officers of the Order above-mentioned, go into the Chapter House : from whence they return to the Choir m the follow ing order : Poor Knights. Officers of Arms. r Garter -\ The Register, y carrying, on a cushion, the Man- r carrying, in his hand, the New Deputy Black Rod. < > J tie, Hood, Great Collar, andt lestament, and the Forms of the l^Book of Statutes. J Oath and Admonitions. The two Knights, having the Duke of Rutland between them : His Grace is habited in his Surcoat, and girt with his Sword ; and carries his Cap and Feather in his hand. The procession passing to the west end of the Choir only, enters the Choir, all making the usual reverences : Garter, with the Register and Deputy Black Rod, go under the Stall appointed for his Grace ; Garter placing the Cushion upon the Desk of the Lower Stall. The two Knights, with the Duke, enter into the Lower Stall ; where the Register administers the oath, Deputy Black Rod holding the Gospels. Then the two Knights conduct his Grace into the Upper Stall ; the Register and Garter enter- in<* into the Lower Stall ; and Deputy Black Rod remaining in the area. Garter then presents the Mantle to the Knights, who invest his Grace therewith, the Register reading the admonition, " Receive this robe," 3.3\rni£ i.t f.i.'y.i, H.vtc) Jlrc-cl. tUrsu^rfi Syiturt 212 The other is occupied by the Library, the Provost's Lodgings, and the apartments of the FelloAvs, The Hall and various offices are connected with it. The Chapel is a very handsome gothic structure, but the inside has none of that ornamental architecture, so much admired in King's College Chapel at Cambridge. It has, indeed, been much disfigured by injudicious alterations, made in the beginning of the last century, when several of the old monuments Avere removed, and others con cealed behind the wainscot placed at the east end. A gothic altar- piece of stone, enriched with niches, is covered by one of a very elegant design by Sir Christopher Wren, in all the (unappropriate) beauty of Roman architecture. The whole length of the chapel is 175 feet, includ ing the anti-chapel. Among the eminent persons who lie buried here, are Richard Lord Grey of Wilton, Henchman to King Henry VIII. ; John Longland, Bishop of Lincoln, confessor to that monarch ; Sir Henry Saville, Warden of Merton, and Provost of this College, Avho founded the Savillian professorships of astronomy and geometry at Oxford ; Sir Henry Wooton, an eminent ambassador, statesman, and scholar in the reign of James I., and who Avas also Provost of Eton, Francis Rowse, a distinguished writer among the Puritans, and one of the Lords of Cromwell's upper house, who died Provost of Eton in 1658, and Doctor Allestree, Provost of Eton, Avho built the upper school, with the arcade beneath, at the expense of .£1500, and died in 1680. Sir Christopher Wren Avas architect. On the monument of Sir Henry Wooton, is the following singular inscription. " Hie jacet hujus sententiae primus auctor — Disputandi pruritus sit ecclesiarum scabies." " Nomen alias quaere." 213 Doctor Nathaniel Ingelo, Avho died in 1683, was also interred in this chapel. He was the author of a romance, called Bentevolio and Urania, which is alluded to in the following passage of his epitaph. " Cujus Stylus, dum dramate pietatem ad Christi morem suaviter insinuat, an ingeniosus an patheticus sit magis, vicissim acriter et diu contenditur ; qua lite nondum sopita, feliciter quiescit autor eruditus beatam prses- tolans resurrectionem, donee decisionis dies supremus illuxerit." In the anti-chapel is a statue of the founder by Bacon, which Avas erected in 1786, the sum of .£600 having been bequeathed for that purpose, by the Reverend Edward Betham, FelloAv of the College, who died in 1783 ; and a monument of the Earl of Waldegrave, Avho was droAvned when at Eton School in 1794. In the school yard is another statue of the Founder in bronze, erected at the expense of Doctor Godolphin, Provost. In the cemetery belonging to the college is the tomb of the Learned, as he is commonly styled, the ever memorable John Hale. The library of this college contains a very large and valuable collec tion of books, having been at different times, enriched by the munifi cent bequests of Doctor Waddington, Bishop of Chester, Mr. Mann, Master of the Charter House, Richard Topham Esquire, keeper of the records in the Tower, and the late Anthony Storer Esquire. The Reve rend Mr. Hetherington so Avell knoAvn for his charities, and who Avas a Fellow of this College, left also ,£500 to the college to be expended in books. In the Provost's lodgings are portraits of Queen Elizabeth, Sir Thomas Smith, a learned statesman, who Avas Provost of the College, Sir Robert Walpole, Provost Stewart, clerk of the closet to King Charles I., Sir Henry Saville, Sir Henry Wooton, and several other Provosts of the College. Here is also a female portrait, said to be that of Jane Shore, 214 which is painted on a pannel. The forehead is large, but the features are small and uninteresting, and her hair is auburn. Her only covering is a thin veil throAvn loosely over her shoulders. The principal argument in favor of the originality of this portrait, is the tradition that a Provost of this College was the confessor of this celebrated and unfortunate woman. The manor of Eton was acquired by the college in the reign of Edward IV, of the Lovel family, Avho inherited it through female heirs from the families of Fitz-Other, Hodenge, Huntercombe, and Scudamore. * The parish church of Eton, called in ancient records Eton-Gildables, having been suffered to fall to decay, the inhabitants are permitted to attend divine service in the college chapel : but to remedy the inconveniences which they experienced, a chapel of ease Avas erected for them in the town, at the sole expense of the Reverend Mr. Hetherington. The Provost of Eton is always Rector, and possesses archidiaconal jurisdic tion within the parish. The playing fields are on the North Western side of the college. Here the grove offers its shades, Where some, on earnest business bent, Their murm'ring labor ply 'Gainst graver hours that bring constraint To sweeten liberty. ' Lysons' Magna Britannia, Vol. i. p. 560. 21^ The open laAvn invites to active recreation, To chase the rolling circle's speed, Or urge the flying ball : The view, in the accompanying vignette, describes The limits of the little reign Which bold adventurers disdain. ¦brfurn ly'IJIalawM "Vis (f>/trrty —JstWU- f-L£'l,cLj, ¦'¦'¦' '¦¦ I'.Jn. I, ¦/,?'/./>,, 1 //,;,-/,.,- ,i\., / 216 THE COLLEGE ESTABLISHMENT. Provost. Rev. Dr. Goodall. Lower Master. Rev. Mr. Thackeray. Vice-Provost. Rev. Mr. Tew. Fellows. Rev. Dr. Heath. Rev. Mr. Roberts. Rev. Dr. Foster Pigott. Rev. Dr. Roberts. Rev. Dr. G. Heath. Rev. Dr. Langford Steward. A. Moore, Esquire. Head Master. Rev. Dr. Keate. Assistant Masters, Rev. Mr. Bethell. Rev. Mr. Carter. Rev, Mr. Sumner. Rev. Mr. Drury. Mr. Yonge. Rev. Mr. Plumptre. Rev. Mr. Knapp. Rev. Mr. Heath. Extra Masters. Mr. Duclos, French. Mr. W. Hexter, Writing. Mr. Roffey, Dancing. Mr. Angelo, Fencing. Mr. Evans, Drawing. 217 Upton, a small village, but a very extensive parish, lies about half a mile to the east of Eton, and is intersected by the Great Bath road. It is in the hundred of Stoke and Deanery of Burnham. The manor of Upton cum Chalvey, which had belonged to Merton Abbey, was on lease to the family of the Barkers, in the reign of James I. It then became the property of the Lanes, and noAV belongs to George Edwards, Esq. of HenloAv, in Bedfordshire, whose family possessed it as early as the year 1725. The parish church is an ancient Saxon structure, in which are memo rials of Edward Bulstrode, Squire of the Body to King Henry VII. H! s the ancient mansion demanding very extensive repairs, and being found upon examination to be in a state of considerable decay, it was judged advisable to take it doAvn ; this Avas accord ingly done, with the exception of one Aving ; Avhich was preserved as a memorial, harmonizing with the surrounding scenery commemorated by the Muse of Gray. And in the same year, the foundation of a new and noble structure was laid, in a different part of the grounds, nearly in the centre of the park, upon a situation most happily chosen by Mr. Penn himself, for the beauty and extent of the view. The building was begun under the directions of the late Mr. Nasmith, and was covered in, in December 1790. But the whole interior plan, and the elevations, have since been entirely altered ; and the present elegant mansion completed from designs of Mr. James Wyatt, and under his sole management. We Avill now indulge ourselves in giving the poem of the Long Story by Gray, before alluded to, Avith the subsequent additions by John Penn, and Henry James Pye, Esquires. ' The patron of this institution is the Earl of Moira, as representative of the family of Hastings. The present master, is the Rev. William Nettleship. 245 a long: §>torp. In Britain's isle, no matter where, An ancient pile of building stands : The Huntingdons and Hattons there Employ'd the pow'r of fairy hands To raise the ceiling's fretted height, Each pannel in achievements clothing ; Rich windows that exclude the light, And passages that lead to nothing. Full oft', within the spacious walls, When he had fifty winters o'er him, My grave Lord Keeper ' led the brawls ; The seals and maces danc'd before him. His bushy beard and shoe-strings green, His high-crown'd hat and satin doublet, Mov'd the stout heart of England's Queen, Though Pope and Spaniard could riot trou ble it. What, in the very first beginning ! Shame on the versifying tribe ! Your hist'ry whither are you spinning ? Can you do nothing but describe ? A house there is (and that's enough), From whence, one fatal morning, issues A brace of warriors, not in buff, But rustling in their silks and tissues. The first came cap-a-pee from France,1 Her conqu'ring destiny fulfilling, Whom meaner beauties eye askance, And vainly ape her art of killing. The other Amazon 3 kind heav'n Had arm'd with spirit, wit, and satire ; But Cobham had the polish giv'n. And tipp'd her arrows with good nature. To celebrate her eyes, her air Coarse panegyrics would but tease her. Melissa is her nom de guerre. Alas ! who would not wish to please her ? With bonnet blue, and capuchine, And aprons long, they hid their armour ; And veil'd their weapons, bright and keen, In pity to the country farmer. 1 Sir Christopher Hatton, promoted by Queen Elizabeth for his graceful person and fine dancing.— Grai/. 1 Lady Schaub. 3 Miss Speed. 246 Fame, in the shape of Mr. P , (By this time all the parish know it,) Had told that thereabouts there lurk'd A wicked imp they call a poet : Who prowl'd the country far and near, Bewitch'd the children of the peasants, Dried up the cows, and lam'd the deer, And suck'd the eggs, and kill'd the pheasants. My Lady heard their joint petition, Swore by her coronet and ermine, She'd issue out her high commission To rid the manor of such vermin. The heroines undertook the task ; Thro' lanes unknown, o'er stiles they ventur'd ; Rapp'd at the door, nor staid to ask, But bounce into the parlour enter'd. The trembling family they daunt ; They flirt, they sing, they laugh, they tattle, Rummage his mother, pinch his aunt, And up stairs in a whirlwind rattle. Each hole and cupboard they explore, Each creek and cranny of his chamber, Run hurry-skurry round the floor, And o'er the bed and tester clamber ; Into the drawers and china pry, Papers and books, a huge imbroglio ! Under a tea-cup he might lie, Or creas'd, like dogs'-ears, in a folio. On the first marching of the troops, The Muses, hopeless of his pardon, Convey'd him underneath their hoops To a small closet in the garden. So Rumor says : (who will, believe ;) But that they left the door a-jar, Where safe, and laughing in his sleeve. He heard the distant din of war. Short was his joy. He littlfr knew, The power of magic was no fable ; Out of the window, whisk they flew, But left a spell ' upon the table. The words too eager to unriddle, The poet felt a strange disorder ; Transparent bird-lime form'd the middle, And chains invisible the border. So cunning was the apparatus, The pow'rful pot-hooks did so move him, That, will he, nill he, to the great house He went, as if the Devil drove him. Yet on his way (no sign of grace, For folks in fear are apt to pray) To Phoebus he preferr'd his case, And begg'd his aid that dreadful day. The Godhead would have back'd his quarrel, But with a blush, on recollection, Own'd, that his quiver and his laurel 'Gainst four such eyes were no protection. * The Note, which the ladie* left upon tije^tablf. 247 The court was sat, the culprit there ; Forth from< their gloomy mansions creeping, The lady Janes and Joans repair, And from the gallery ' stand peeping : Such as, in silence of the night, Come (sweep) along some winding entry, (Tyack1 has often seen the sight,) Or at the chapel door ' stand sentry : In peaked hoods, and mantles tarnish'd, Sour visages enough to scare ye, High dames of honor, once that garnish'd The drawing-room of fierce Queen Mary. The Peeress comes. The audience stare, And doff their hats with due submission : She court'sies, as she takes her chair, To all the people of condition. The Bard with many an artful fib Had in imagination fenc'd him ; Disprov'd the arguments of Squib, * And all that Groom 5 could urge against him. But soon his rhetoric forsook him, When he the solemn hall had seen , A sudden fit of ague shook him ; He stood as mute as poor Macleane. 6 Yet something he was heard to mutter, " How, in the park, beneath an old tree, " (Without design to hurt the butter, " Or any malice to the poultry,) " He once or twice had penn'd a sonnet ; " Yet hop'd that he might save his bacon : " Numbers would give their oaths upon it, " He ne'er was for a conj'ror taken. " The ghostly prudes, with hagged face, Already had condemn'd the sinner : My Lady rose, and with a grace She smil'd, and bid him come to dinner. " Jesu-Maria ! Madam Bridget, " Why, what can the Viscountess mean V" Cried the square hoods in woful fidget, " The times are alter'd quite and clean ! ¦ A music-gallery, which overlooked the ancient hall : a place well suited to " the chorus of ghostly old women of quality, who came to give sentence on the pulprit poet." 1 The Housekeeper. — Gray. 3 The old chapel, the door of which was at the opposite extremity of the hall. 4 Groom of the Chamber. — Gray. 5 The Steward. — Gray. His grave-stone is close to that of Tyack, in the south-west corner of the churchyard. 6 A famous highwayman, hanged the week before. — Gray. 7 The exclamation of the Ghosts is characteristic of the Spanish manners of the age when they are supposed to have lived. — Mason. 248 " Decorum's turn'd to mere civility ; " Her air and all her manners show it : " Commend me to her affability ! " Speak to a commoner and poet !" * [Here Five Hundred Stanzas are lost.] And so God save our noble King, And guard us from long-winded lubbers, That to eternity would sing, And keep my Lady from her rubbers. PART OF THE SEQUEL OF 9 long; g>torp: DISCOVERED IN THE YEAR 178S. oo say the dames with sorrowing heart, As, tumult raising round and bustle, The assembly one and all depart ; Shoes scrape the ground, and manteaux rustle. The coast now clear, they quit the loft ; And one below begins to speak — " Ye ghostly gossips, with whom oft 'r I mutter, or from closets shriek ; " The benches left a while retain, " And here debate we, since the light " That sends each dy'd and darken'd pane " Consoles us for the loss of night ; " To what behaviour (strange, absurd, " I vow !) have we to-day been witness ! " By'r Lady was the like e'er heard, " So opposite to form and fitness ? " Alas ! the sad degenerate times, " And fashion's mischievous abuses ! " 'Tis true, I cannot blame his rhymes, " But they are pitiful excuses ; " And, — by the saints, by Papal toes, " I swear, and by Loretto's shrine — " To other consciences repose " May give, but ne'er can quiet mine. 1 The Sequel follows here. See Mr. Penn's Poems, vol. i. p. 75. 249 " How then revenge us on the age ? — " Our Queen hath set a meet example. " Shall we in general schemes engage ? " Or on this single poet trample ? " Once, form and orthodoxy join'd — " The faggot flam'd— How matters alter ! " Now, felony, crime of venial kind, " Alone seems worthy of the halter." She sate : upstarted with a frown A second, in appearance older; And, slow as she arose, look'd down Alternately on either shoulder. Then, with cross'd hands and solemn mien, Thus answer'd: " Cry you mercy, Madam ! " Ask you if e'er the like was seen ? " No, never since the time of Adam ! " But in this circle if ye sit, " A signal vengeance to devise, " Your loving sister sprite permit " What most may further us to advise. " 'T were just in truth, and fully due, " That all should feel retaliation, u Who every system thus o'erthrew, " We form'd to benefit the nation ; " But seeing this 't is now no time for, " (Howe'er they ought to undergo it :) " And as a notion strikes me — I'm for " Attacking the obnoxious Poet. " For know, in early youth, The Law ' " Was first the project of the fellow : " Coke, still the manor's guardian, saw, " With pleasure saw, his genius mellow. " But, all relinquish'd for his Muse, " Has borne him since a deadly grudge : " His hopes no longer in him views ; " No longer sees the future judge. " To him then haste we, to implore " The mightier aid his wisdom boasts : " Great among mortals heretofore, " As great we '11 prove him among ghosts. " The garret,1, where he us'd to rave, " He haunts ; the wing, in which below " Slept once, and once her audience gave, " His Queen, Elizabeth, our foe. " Nor deem that he, a Protestant, " Will with us doubt to coalesce : " Experience vouches that he can't ; " The power of interest all confess." 1 " Mr. Gray removed from Peter-House to town, the latter end of 1738, intending to apply himself to the study of the Law in the Inner Temple : for which purpose his father had already either hired or bought him a set of chambers. But on an invitation which Mr. Walpole gave him to be his companion in his travels, this intention was laid aside'for the present, and never after put in execution." Mason's Memoirs, p. 5. * Below these garrets, and at the extremity of the same wing, were a state bed-chamber and dressing-room, which (according to tradition) had been occupied by Queen Elizabeth; and in the latter of which she gave an audience. The ceiling was marked in several places, with the initials E. R. and a crown. 21 250 At this the dames assenting all, To seek the Knight, and open their case. Slide without tread across the hall, And wind together up the staircase. Spirits are ne'er by bolts confin'd, Or bars, and short the matter hence cut ; For those, who crannies cannot find, Squeeze through the ceiling or the wainscot. With wary watchfulness they sweep Slow along unfrequented paths ; Now behind beams and rafters creep, Now 'twixt the bar'd aud broken laths. At length, a closet without door Displays to each the lonely Judge, Apart, and stretch'd upon the floor; As spirits, slow ere dusk to budge. In such plight, piteous to behold, As waiting erst the hour of death : — Alas ! how chang'd from him of old, Who scar'd bandittis with his breath ! His voice, the garb in which he 's clad, And aspect, every terror mingle ; And the same chains that bound him mad, Now, hanging round about him, jingle : Such as, to fall when dew begins, Homeward the villager repairing From plough, at distance, for his sins, Perceives him at the window staring.1 The prudes accost him with a smile, And court' sy low and reverential : " Bright star," they cry, " of this our isle, " Glory of Jurisprudence, when shall " Your slaves prevail on you to hear 'em, " Unfold a high and weighty matter ? " Let not religion make you fear 'em ; " Nor will it, as ourselves we flatter. " Deign then, descending now with us " Ev'n to the hall we scarcely quit, " Our urgent business to discuss ; — " 'T is yours ; as hearing you '11 admit." Long cross-legg'd held by mute suspense, Sudden he cries — "With Papists? — Hum! " But it may profit me ; — Then hence, " Ye scruples ! — sister spirits, come." He rises ; down the steps all haste ; The Knight parading in the middle, As by his suite a monarch grac'd ; Their meaning ardent to unriddle. Soon as again they reach the room, He sinks in Cobham's chair; around him The rest their places thick resume : And, at the tale's beginning, sound him ; Then show the Poet dar'd excite Their own, no less than his, resentment; Whence modern pertness punish'd, might Give him and them alike contentment. ' These lines allude to local traditions and superstitions. The ghost of Sir Edward Coke was supposed to haunt the old mansion. The known uneasiness of his mind, in consequence of his second marriage, renders this representation poetically probable. 251 Yet for his honor, they declare, Most in the Lordship's they complain'd ; And end, imputing to his share Some misdemeanors they had feign'd : " That at the door he rudely rapp'd, " Slander'd the Lady in her presence ; " And oft, at monstrous mischief apt, " Had soil'd her robe, and spilt her essence. By their persuasive accents won, Himself he feels for, them he pities :— What has not woman's influence done, Before and since the Syren's ditties ? And thus he cries, enrag'd ; " The wretch " I find on new pursuits escape me ; " Who my resemblance well might catch, " Though vainly many lawyers ape me. " For this, ye walls that long have known " Your Lord deceas'd and living both ; " Seen me rejoice, and heard me groan ; " Be witnesses of this my oath : "If the aerial ministers, " To manage human things deputed, " I can induce to aid my stirs, " And plans of hate so deeply rooted; " If I can aught of use contrive, " To accomplish some vindictive work, " To which those agents I may drive " By fair persuasion, or by quirk ; — (" He must, I see, to glory rise ; " Perhaps, too, in some abbey choir, " Where less the heart will sympathize, " A cenotaph may grace his lyre ; " But,) if I can avail, when brought " With dirges due to that churchyard " He sung, in strain pathetic ; naught " Shall mark where sleeps the fav'rite bard. " And, though each way the crowded place " Should number every pauper's days, "Him not the unletter'd Muse shall grace " Ev'n with the pittance of her praise." 252 MORE OF THE SEQUEL OF THE long g>totj?« discovered in the year 1801.1 Here, sudden from the shadowy band, A spruce and gallant spirit started ; Trim were his whiskers, white his hand, Adonis-form'd, and lion-hearted. Victor of ladies and of foes, The tilt-yard trembled at his lance ; Soft madrigals he could compose, Could strike the lute and lead the dance. 1 In courts, or camps, where'er he mov'd, Respect and fame his steps attend ; Honor'd by kings, by beauties lov'd, Eliza's subject, Sydney's friend. Thus, in the middle of his prosing, He cuts the Lord Chief Justice short : " Friend Coke, you set the audience dozing ; " T is time, Sir, to adjourn the court. " Bards can to fable truth impart, " Embellish'd by poetic diction ; " You, lawyers, have the happier art, " To make ev'n truth appear a fiction. " Though, gentle Bard ! no votive lay " Shall mark where rests thy hallow'd dust; " Though solemn fabrics far away " Receive thy consecrated bust : " Yet know a patron shall arise, " Sprung from high chiefs of Albion's band ; " From sages sprung, who humanize " With arts of peace a savage land. " He, 'mid these scenes whose shades among " The warbling Muses caught thine ear, " Worthy the poet and the song, " A monumental shrine shall rear. ¦ See Verses on Several Subjects, written in the vicinity of Stoke Park, in 1801, by Henry James P ve, Esq. a This courteous ghost is supposed to be that of Sir George Fermor, an ancestor of the present proprietor of Stoke- Park; he was a particular friend of Sir Philip Sydney, with whom he served in the Netherlands; and was of the number of those distinguished persons, mentioned by Stowe as having attended at his funeral. He entertained James I. and his Queen the first time they met in England, at the seat of his family at Easton Neston, in Northampton shire. (See Collins's Peerage under the title of ' Earl of Pomfret.') 253 " Near, are the village fathers laid, " Recorded in thy plaintive strain ; " Near, Eton's academic shade, " And lofty Windsor's proud domain. " Here, when the moon's wan lustre pours " A trembling radiance o'er the grove, " Or in pale twilight's glimmering hours, " Thy gentle spirit oft shall rove. " Not like the goblins grim that scare " The maidens as they come from milking, " And render useless Jefford's ' care, " Her hopes of cream and custard bilking • " Mild as the Sylphs that gently rise, " That glide in airy form along ; " And, unobserv'd by vulgar eyes, " Seen only by the man of song. " The massy roofs, the embattled wall, " That seem the assaults of Time to scorn, " Shall fall — but glorious in their fall, " With ruin'd state the scene adorn. " While on yon upland's breezy height, " Design'd by classic Wyatt's taste, " A polish'd dome shall charm the sight, " With Graecia's purest orders grac'd : " And in the placid wave below, " That seems through shadowy dells to glide, " With mild refulgence shall it glow, " Reflected in the silver tide. " The walls excluding every view, " The walks by line and compass laid, " Clipt to unsightly shape the yew, " And cabinets of tonsile shade, " Shall vanish all — for 'mid these seats " Lo ! a magician * waves the wand ; " And starch formality retreats " From Albion's cultivated land. " Thro' fragrant shrubs, thro' plants unknown, " From climes yet undiscover'd brought, " Smooth winds the undulating zone, " As nature had its progress taught. " Nor shall, my Lord Chief Justice, you " The change with envious eye discerning, " Your legal worth neglected view— - " For, (friend of universal learning, " Patron of worth in every form, " Revering happy Albion's laws, " With patriot ardor nobly warm, " Zealous in temperate Freedom's cause ;) 1 Mr. Penn's Housekeeper. 1 The grounds at Stoke-Park were modernised about thirty years ago, by Richmond, on a plan not much dissimilar to one of Brown, who was gardener to Lady Cobham at the time our poet was brought before her, as suggested in the Long Story. 254 " The princely owner's liberal hand " Shall to thy name A column raise; " And all who tread this fairy land, " As on its former lord they gaze, " Shall, while of taste this lov'd abode, " With never-wearied step they trace, " Bless the true votary of that code " Which guards what every Muse has grac'd." The house is built chiefly with brick, and covered with stucco, con sisting of a large square centre with four wings. The north or entrance front of 192 feet, is ornamented with a colonnade, of ten Doric columns, and approached by a flight of steps leading to the marble hall. The south front which is of the same length, is also adorned with a colonnade, consisting of twelve fluted columns of the ancient order of Doric, which is found in the ruins of the temple of Pastum in Calabria. ' The marble 1 The prevailing taste of the day has fallen upon an imitation of the pointed architecture for almost every purpose, a style of building entirely incompatible with the arrangements of modern convenience, if the character of its principal features be strictly attended to. These are, how ever, in most instances sacrificed, and while good taste is violated, comfort is scarcely secured. The larger openings for windows are made to exhibit the pointed arch, but the characteristic tracery has given way to the modern though uncongenial adaptation of a French casement ; the smaller ones are robbed of their mullions, and the paramount necessity in the climate of England of opposing all the frontage we are able, to the cheering influence of the sun, obliges us to avoid those numerous projections and irregularities which can alone, by the depth and variety of their shadows, produce the effect of Gothic solemnity. But the principles which have brought these imitations of the pointed architecture into use, to the exclusion of those examples which the Greeks, and indeed the Romans have left us, deserve to be well considered before we sanction (even were the copy more perfect,) this novel adoption, of what has been termed ecclesiastical architecture, for domestic purposes. The difficulty of the undertaking is heightened by the consideration that the examples from which we copy for these uses, are to be found only in the grand and magnifi cent cathedrals with which our island abounds, and with which we can scarcely fail to compare these modern imitations. The opposite merits of the Grecian and pointed architecture are thus described by an author of much feeling and taste. * " Since the time of Chaucer and the period of Godwin's Life of ChauccrrVol. I. p. : Drawn, lyy J. TdaJazv.-iJl, Enfray'd fry J.J.an.Ysitr. f l.ondvn J'nbluTuzsL Jfardi.J.lA'JJ by .h.J^bpy^Jlart? Jtra-l tairfn.'i.di J'aucuc 255 hall is oval, and contains four fine marble busts on Scagliola pedestals. The whole of the south front, exclusive of the wings, is occupied by one the reformation, the study of Grecian architecture has been revived ; and it has not failed to excite and engross the commendations of the connoisseurs and the learned. It undoubtedly pos sesses many advantages over the architecture of our Gothic ancestors. It is infinitely more grace ful, beautiful, and sweet; its symmetry is more exact, and its simplicity more perfect; it has a more finished character ; it is highly congenial to a tasteful, a refined, and a polished mind." He continues, " But in spite of these recommendations, the edifices of our ancestors may boldly present themselves and challenge the comparison. They are more religious We admire more the Grecian style of building; we feel more from the Gothic." Assenting to the learned author's eulogium on Grecian art, and giving to it all the preference which is justly its due, from its intrinsic excellence and admirable capability of appropriation for the purposes of domestic architecture, let us inquire why the Gothic or pointed architec ture is more religious ? Why it possesses infinitely more power to incite the passions and gene rate an enthusiastic spirit? Why though we admire more the Grecian style of building, we feel more from the Gothic ? These principles we are led to examine from observing, that this prejudice has spread far among us, and is adopted without much consideration, or fear of error. Our author says, " that the cause of this advantage on the side of the Gothic style is, partly, the bolder dimensions of the pillars of the early Gothic, the height of the roof, and the uniformity of the columns and arches, producing an artificial infinite in the mind of the spectator." But is he not aware, that all those requisites may be given to Grecian architecture ; that those proportions which are " infinitely more graceful, more beautiful, and more sweet, the symmetry of which is more exact, and the simplicity more perfect" than the Gothic, would immediately, if employed in larger buildings, acquire all that commanding influence over the mind of man, which is now so generally and so indivi dually claimed for the pointed architecture, by its numerous advocates and admirers. Is it not' education, or our early habits of association alone, that make us ascribe to it those powers ? Is it not, that destitute of all means of contrasting these venerable buildings, (made awfully impressive by the consideration of their devotion, their antiquity, and their sanctity,) with Grecian temples of equal dimensions, we are apt to ascribe to the former those advantages which consider ation and candor cannot award to them, and which, even in their most improved age, still evince a coarseness of expression, and a sad barbarity of accessory decoration ? It is in this latter character that the pointed architecture seems to fail, more decidedly than in any other, in its claim for adop- 256 beautiful library, 126 feet in length, divided into five parts by Scagliola columns, and contains an ample and well-chosen library of books. Above tion for a domestic style of building. — With what an idea of the grace, with what a charm of the propriety, with what a fascinating and delightful contemplation, do we dwell upon every part of a building embellished with the stores of Grecian art ! The Statues, the Bas-reliefs, the pictures, all tend to give a finish ; each assists the general plan, while each, individually, becomes, in turn, an object of attention, and delights both the eye of taste, and the mind educated to relish and feel its beauties. But, after expressing the wonder created by Gothic architecture, so ably described by our author, after tracing the extent of the plan, and the artist's skill in placing his roof upon pillars so apparently unequal to support that superincumbent weight, where shall the eye rest for gratification, where shall the mind dwell on the wonders of the sculptor's art, or the painter's splendid deceptions ? In the decoration and accessory parts of Grecian architecture, we frequently indeed see the representations of chimeras and monsters, of beautifully designed but unnatural for mation; but besides these, we see niches filled with statues breathing life and expression, bas-reliefs, exhibiting the actions of gods and heroes teeming with life, and composed with the highest skill and the most exquisite judgment. But though, in the pointed architecture, we may admit a mon strous and grotesque exhibition of ill-designed monkish heads, to enrich the cornice, or fill the niches, and may ornament the exterior with stiff and harshly-carved figures of kings and abbots; yet, were we to go further than this, and employ sculpture of what must be denominated a better taste, were we to refine upon the carving of our days of comparative darkness, in works of elegance and art, we should forfeit all the pretensions to character, which we had endeavoured to obtain, and should destroy the very essence of the style and taste of the original. These opinions, in favor of the Grecian or Roman over the Gothic architecture, will probably receive consequence and effect from the authority of Addison. This elegant writer, No. 415. of the Spectator, has the following observations : " In the second place we are to consider greatness of manner in architecture, which has such force upon the imagination, that a small building, where it appears, shall give the mind nobler ideas than one of twenty times the bulk, where the manner is ordinary or little. Thus, perhaps, a man would have been more astonished with the majestic air that appeared in one of Lysippus's Statues of Alexander, though no bigger than the life, than he might have been with mount Athos, had it been cut into the figure of the hero, according to the proposal of Phidias, with a river in one hand, and a city in the other. Let any one reflect on the disposition of mind he finds in himself, at his first entrance into the Pantheon at Rome, aud how the imagination is filled with something great and amazing ; and, at the same time, consider how 257 the bookcases, is a series of paintings in Chiaro-scuro by Smirke, repre senting the principal Epochas in the history of Letters and Science. The general division of the library is according to Bacon's threefold arrangement, of Reason, Memory, and Imagination. On the top of the house is an observatory, which commands an extensive view of the sur rounding and distant country. In an unfinished room, over the chimney- piece, is a large basso relievo by Deare, representing a check received by Caesar in his invasion of Britain, thus described by himself, and which forms the inscription on the base. Hoc tantum ad pristinam fortunam Ccesari defuit. On a marble base, is likewise here placed, pro tempore, a part of the trunk of the tree whose history we will give, from a part of the inscrip tion in brass, which is fixed upon it. " This part of the great Elm under which the treaty was held A.D. 1681, between William Penn and the first inhabitants of America, in the neighbourhood of Philadelphia, and which was blown down A. D. 1810, is a present from some of the Society of Friends, or Quakers, residing in Pennsylvania." It is added, " The tree was in some danger, during the American war, while the British army was in possession of that city, it being often necessary to cut down the trees in its vicinity for firing. But the late General Simcoe, who had the command of the district in which it grew, was induced, by his esteem of the character of William Penn and the history connected with it, to order a guard of British sol diers to protect it from the axe." little, in proportion, he is affected with the inside of a Gothic Cathedral, though it be five times larger than the other ; which can arise from nothing else but the greatness of the manner in the one, and the meanness in the other." 2K 258 The following good and highly interesting portraits, enrich the apart ments. The late Thomas Penn, Esquire, who purchased the estate ; by Hudson. His father William Penn, the celebrated Founder of Pennsylvania, in armour ; .St. 22. A. D. 1666, when he served under the Duke of Ormonde, in Ireland. His father Admiral Sir William Penn, Knight, Commissioner of the Admiralty and Navy in the reign of Charles II. Vice Admiral of England in the great Dutch war of 1653, and in the victories obtained in the same year over Van Tromp, by which the pre-eminence of the British Naval flag was first established. He was also great Captain-Commander under his Royal High ness, James Duke of York, in the victory obtained over the Dutch fleet commanded by Van Opdam, in 1665 ; by Sir P. Lely. Two portraits of the late Right Honorable Lady Juliana Penn, fourth daughter of Thomas, the first Earl of Pomfret. Her father Thomas Fermor, created Earl of Pomfret in 1731, and elected one of the Knights of the Bath on the re-establishment of that order ; by Zeman. Henrietta Louisa, Countess of Pomfret, his wife, and Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Caroline ; by ditto. Baron Lempster, father of Thomas Earl of Pomfret ; by Sir Godfrey Kneller. Baroness Lempster, his wife, fourth daughter of Thomas, first Duke of Leeds ; by ditto. Thomas, first Duke of Leeds ; copy of Vandyke. Bridget, Duchess of Leeds ; ditto. Sir William Fermor, Baronet, son and heir of Sir Hatton Fermor, Baronet, of Easton in Northamptonshire, father of Baron Lempster ; by Dobron. A fine picture. Lady Fermor, his wife; by Sir Peter Lely. A family picture of four figures, at full length, by Sir Joshua Reynolds, being portraits of the two eldest daughters, and two surviving sons of Thomas Penn, Esquire. A whole length portrait of John Penn, Esquire, the present possessor of Stoke Park, eldest surviving son of Thomas Penn, Esquire, in the uniform of the Bucks yeomanry ;" by Sir William Beechey. Portrait of James Duke of York ; by Sir Peter Lely. The three eldest princes, children of King Charles I., while young ; by Vandyke. The portrait of his present Majesty, at full length, in his coronation robes ; by Romney. The park, which is well wooded, is much diversified in its surface; the mansion is situated upon a swelling knoll of gravel, on a level equal 259 in elevation to Windsor Castle; and the library windows command, beyond the water, one of the grandest prospects of that magnificent structure, and its Forest, an advantage which it in a great measure repays, by becoming itself one of the most prominent objects in the view from the north terrace. Immediately behind the house, the country is finely diversified in its features, and the landscape is bounded by the commanding points of Taplow, Cliefden, Hedsor, and Dropmore. Two canals, supplied by a running brook and the division well concealed, form a handsome sheet of water, which winds round the east and south fronts of the house. The park has lately been enlarged by taking in part of a farm purchased by Mr. Penn from Lord Francis Osborne, as well as some ground be longing to the old Vicarage House which has been pulled down. A new parsonage has been built, from a design of Mr. James Wyatt, by Mr. Penn, and a liberal exchange of land given for that received into the park. The pleasure grounds have been tastefully laid out, chiefly by Mr. Penn himself, who has lately formed near his house on the west side of the plantations a Flower Garden, upon the principle of that pointed out by Mr. Mason in his poem, The English Garden. In this charming spot he has erected an elegant temple seat, with Ionic columns, designed from an ancient temple now standing on the bank of the river Ilyssus in Greece; as represented in Stuart's views of Athens. About 300 yards from the north front of the house, is a column 58 feet in height, erected from a design by Mr. Wyatt; on the top of which is a colossal statue of Sir Edward Coke, by Rossi, 260 ACCOUNT OF THE FLOWER GARDEN, IN REFERENCE TO THE TEMPLE, URNS, AND BUSTS. JL he disposition of the busts is carefully regulated according to the principle of associa tion , whether considered in respect to the scenery contiguous to each, or to one another. This principle will account for the selection of a few characters, to whom equals perhaps might have been found. Entering the Flower Garden, the first bust that appears among the trees is Horace's ; which is placed so as to have an effect at a distance, but not so that the inscription can be read from the walk. Cicero's is just after seen, but still farther among the trees. The walk leads, near enough to read the inscription, first to Mason's bust; which naturally introduces the spectator to the Flower Garden, formed upon his principles in the inscription, taken from the fourth book of his poem of the English Garden. He there recommends giving a character of simple nature to a Flower Garden, by imitating the effect of glades in a forest, over grown with wild flowers, divided by paths of grass. He advises urns to be disposed round it, at the sides of the walk ; with busts of those eminent men, "Sages and Bards," who were lovers of rural retirement, no less than possessors of great and good qualities. This plan is adhered to, in taking advantage of the former residence of some of them in the neighbourhood, to add to the interest, by allusions to those places where they respectively dwelt. 261 Pope's bust, on the left, seems next to introduce the spectator, in the same manner, to the point of view from whence the Castle and Forest of Windsor are seen : namely, to one of the two glades forming the principal parts of the Flower Garden, and allotted, the one to the Bards, and the other to the Sages. A passage from his poem of Windsor Forest forms the inscription. A succession of distant busts, the nearest of which, immediately fronting, is Gray's, now begin gradually to show themselves bordering the glade ; and after advancing a few steps, Bacon's will be visible for a moment at the farther side of the farther glade. About the same time, under the over-arching bough of a large oak, is picturesquely seen the urn, that is dedicated, in the inscription that it bears, to the Honorable R. T. Dawson, son of Viscount Cremorne; who died young, and lies buried in his family vault, in the parish church-yard. The temple is next approached on the right or opposite side of the walk to these busts. It is after a portico of the Ionic Temple at Athens on the Ilyssus. Shakspeare being less distin guished than the rest by his taste for retirement, there seemed an opportunity to place his bust here, separately, (which his poetical character deserved) as the " Child of Fancy ;" to which God dess this temple is dedicated, as is shown in large letters, under the pediment. The lines from the Fifth Scene and Fifth Act of The Merry Wives of Windsor suit the view from the temple ; which fronts Windsor Castle. A larger display of flowers, as iu every sense grateful and welcome to Fancy, together with these busts of her favorite characters, the Bards, seem to adjoin her temple as a necessary appendage to it. In looking from the temple, Pope's bust, which has been passed, is of course seen on the left of the Flower Garden, looking across it; and rather behind, appears among the trees, Seneca's, which corresponds with Cicero's, they being on one side of a grass walk. On the right of the Flower Garden, looking across it like Pope's, (but the opposite way,) is the bust of Gr A y before mentioned. The inscription under it suits the situation where it stands, near the largest branch of the oak, also before noticed. Under the shade of the same tree, is Petrarch's; the only bust to which no walk appears to lead ; according to the inscription, in which he expresses, that he is seeking a place unfrequented by human footsteps, that he may indulge unseen the grief inspired by his love for Laura. The walk passes the temple, and soon after divides. Immediately on entering that part which leads to the right, and away from these last busts, is the place for Waller's bust, facing the adjoining deer-park ; conformably with the scenery and situation described in the inscription. This is not, like the former, taken from the works of the writer under whose bust it is placed. Although the same images are to be found in his poems, yet they are here preferably introduced (on account of the interesting reflection which they suggest) in the words of Akenside, in his Pleasures of Imagination. 264 Steal on the greensward, but admit fair space For many a mossy maze to wind between. So here did Art arrange her flowery groups Irregular, yet not in patches quaint, Leading the eye to many a sculptur'd bust On shapely pedestal, of Sage, or Bard, Bright heirs of fame, who living lov'd the haunts So fragrant, so sequester'd. Ftng. Garden. C. 4. POPE. Bear me, oh bear me, to sequester'd scenes, The bowery mazes, and surrounding greens ; To Thames's banks which fragrant breezes fill, Or where ye Muses sport on Cooper's-Hill. I seem through consecrated walks to rove, I hear soft music die along the grove : Led by the sound, I roam from shade to shade, By godlike Poets venerable made : Here his first lays majestic Denham sung ; There the last numbers flow'd from Cowley's tongue. Windsor Forest. 265 THE TEMPLE. SHAKSPEARE. About, about ; Search Windsor Castle, elves, within and out: Strew good luck, ouphes, on every sacred room ; That it may stand till the perpetual doom, In state as wholesome, as in state 'tis fit ; Worthy the owner as the owner it. The several chairs of order look you scour With juice of balm, and every precious flower : Each fair instalment, coat, and several crest, With loyal blazon, evermore be blest ! And nightly, meadow fairies, look you sing, Like to the Garter's compass, in a ring : The expressure that it bears, green let it be, More fertile-fresh than all the field to see ; And, Honi Soit Qui Maty Pense, write, In emerald tufts, flowers purfled blue and white, Like saphire, pearl, in rich embroidery, Buckled below fair knighthood's bending knee : Fairies use flowers for their charactery. Merry Wives of Windsor, Act v. Sc. 5. GRAY. Where'er the oak's thick branches stretch A broader, browner shade ; 2L 266 Where'er the rude and moss-grown beech O'ercanopies the glade ; With me the Muse shall sit, and think, At ease reclin'd in rustic state, How vain the ardor of the crowd. PETRARCA. Solo, e pensoso, i piu diserti campi Vo misurando a passi tardi, e lenti ; E gli occhi porto per fuggir intenti Dove vestigio human la rena stampi. Altro schemo non trovo che mi scampi Dal manifesto accorger delle genti ; Perche negli atti, d' allegrezza spenti, Di fuor si legge com' io dentro awampi. Ode to Spring. Sonn. 28. WALLER. Different minds Incline to different objects ; one pursues The Vast alone ; the Wonderful ; the Wild : But sooth'd with gentlest beauty, Waller longs To spread his careless limbs amid the cool Of Platane shades ; and to the list'ning deer The tale of slighted vows and Love's disdain Resound soft warbling, all the live-long day. Pleas, of Imagination. 267 THOMSON. These, as they change, Almighty Father ! these Are but the varied God. The rolling year Is full of Thee ! VIRGIL. Prima Syracosio dignata est ludere versu Nostra, nee erubuit sylvas habitare, Thalia. Quum canerem reges et praelia, Cynthius aurem Vellit, et admonuit : Pastorem, Tityre, pingues Pascere oportet oves, deductum dicere carmen. MILTON. Imus,et arguta paulum recubamus in umbri, Aut ad aquas Colni, aut ubi jngera Cassibelauni ? At nuper, dum nescio quid mihi grande sonabat Fistula, ab undecima jam lux est altera nocte, Et turn forte novis admoram labia cicutis, Dissiluere tamen rupta compage, nee ultra Ferre graves potuere sonos. Tu procul annosa pendebis, fistula, pinu, Multum oblita mihi, aut, patriis mutata Camcenis Britonicum strides. Hymn. Eel. 6. Epitaph. Dam. 268 HORACE. JEquam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem, non secus in bonis Ab insolenti temperatam Laetitia, moriture Deli ; Seu mcestus omni tempore vixeris, Seu te in remoto gramine per dies Festos reclinatum bearis Interiore nota Falerni ; Qua pinus ingens, albaque populus Umbram hospitalem consociare amant Ramis. — — Hue vina, et unguenta, et nimium brevis Flores amcenos ferre jube rosae. M^CENAS. Nee Diis amicum, nee mihi, te prius Obire, Mjecenas, mearum Grande decus columenque rerum. Ah ! te meaj si partem animae rapit Maturior vis, quid moror altera ? Me nee Chimaerae spiritus igneae, Nee, si resurgat centimanus Gyas Divellet unquam : sic potenti Justitiae, placitumque Parcis ! Od. L. ii. 269 ON TWO URNS. The Right Honorable Lady Juliana Penn, to whom this Urn is dedicated, was the fourth Daughter of Thomas first Earl of Pomfret, and of Henrietta Louisa his Countess, the Donor of the Pomfret collection of ancient marbles, to the Lniversity of Oxford. Her lamented daughter united to the purity of character, to the polished manners, and to the discretion of an enlightened Mother, in youth, celebrated beauty, and through life, an eminent display of all the gentler virtues. Yet here it is just to particularize one, that Maternal Affection, most conspicuous, when the sole care of a young family devolved upon her, at the anxious period of a great political change, to them of most importance, by its immediate effects on the fortune of individuals. Having closed her virtuous career, A. D. 1801, she awaits its full, and long meditated reward ; reposing in the Church of this Parish, among her former Neighbours ; the Rich, whom she had attached, by her kind offices, and pleasing society ; and the Poor, whom she had long relieved and comforted, by her attentive charity. On the small tablet in the pedestal appear, in larger letters, the woi'ds, "The tribute of filial respect and love/' .« 270 This memorial of a Friendship, formed at the earliest age between two near relations, but terminated by the death of one, in his twentieth year, was placed here by the survivor, long after that event. The Honorable Richard Thomas Dawson, whom it removed from high earthly hopes to heavenly enjoyments, was the eldest son of Thomas, since created Viscount Cremorne, and of the Right Honorable Lady Anne Dawson, a daughter of the first Earl of Pomfret. Born A. D. 1759 ; the year distinguished by British valor, when also was born his friend, and fellow collegian at the University of Cambridge, that great statesman, the Right Honorable William Pitt: he resembled him, in extraordinary intellectual excellence, and the mostrapid progress in all academical studies. His remains, having been, at his death, conveyed to Ireland, were again brought to this country, A. D. 1802, and interred in the vault of his family, then newly built, in the church -yard of this parish. Had he been spared to a world in need of virtuous examples, it might have reasonably sought in him a conspicuous one, as well of various exalted merit, as of what adorns that neither useless, nor common, character, a perfect friend. Stoke Place is a mansion, situated on Stoke Green, which was the property and residence of the late Field Marshal Sir George Howard, K. B. from whom this estate descended to his grandson Richard Howard Vyse, Esq., the present possessor. The pleasure grounds on the south front are enlivened by a sheet of water, and the formal taste in which they were ori ginally laid out, has given way to the improvements of judicious planting and a more natural arrangement of walks ; affording a pleasing specimen of the style of Brown, who was here employed. On the lawn are some very remarkable cedars, to which tree the soil of this neighbourhood is parti- 271 cularly favorable. Windsor Castle, which is the proud and predominant feature of all this part of the country, is seen to great advantage from this point. Stoke Farm is the elegant Ferme ornie of the Earl of Sefton, pos sessing all the comforts and decorations which taste and expense could give it. Baillis is a very considerable and uniform brick mansion in this parish. It was the seat of the late Lord Godolphin, and was rebuilt about eighty years ago by Godolphin, provost of Eton, the same person to whom the College is indebted for the bronze statue of its royal founder in the school yard. The old house had been the chief seat of the Duke of Cleveland. Francis Earl of Godolphin died, leaving daughters only, the second of whom married Thomas, fourth Duke of Leeds, from which that marriage, Baillis has descended to the present owner, Lord Francis Godolphin Osborne. It was lately in the occu pation of the Earl of Rosslyn, who died there in the month of January, 1805. The grounds are flat, divided, in the taste of a former* period, by broad terraces, parterres and fishponds, and the approach to the house is through an avenue of stately firs. It is at present the sum mer residence of Sir John Chrichloe Turner. In the library, in which Sir John is making considerable improvements, are several portraits of the Godolphins ; particularly two of the great Earl Godolphin, minister to Queen Anne.. The Parish Church, of Stoke Poges is a small gothic structure, with a wooden spire. In the north wall of the chancel is an ancient tomb under an arch of rude execution, and ornamented with foliage, supposed to cover the remains of Sir John Molins. There are other tombs of the same family, and a monument for Doctor Gregory Hascard, Dean of Windsor, one of the most celebrated preachers of his day, who died in 1708. That the church-yard contains the ashes of Gray, and that post- 272 humous honors have been bestowed on his celebrated name by Mr. Penn, has been already mentioned. ' Stoke Common has been lately enclosed under an act of parliament passed in the year 1811. Dropmore House, the seat of the Right Honorable Lord Gren- ville, was erected by that nobleman on an elevated and commanding spot, which before was the site only of a small cottage ; the larger part of the domain was the property of the Freinds, the descendants of the celebrated physician and eminent scholar, Dr. Freind. The house is faced with slate, painted and sanded ; the columns of a projecting portico on the entrance front being formed of the same material. The apartments possess a commodious distribution ; a suite of rooms form the garden front, consisting of a central gallery or library, opening into a room at each end with semicircular finishings. A viranda stretches along the front, which lies to the south east. z Time alone is wanting to give to this place all the charm which the plan for its improvement promises. A winter walk, (an idea of Lord Bacon,) stretches along a commanding brow to the south, and is enlivened with those plants which never lose their verdure. There is a flower-garden also on a very superior scale, which, when completed, will rival ,the finest examples of that species of modern gardening. To the taste and judgment, the enterprise and perseverance of Lord Grenville, the neighbourhood owe this noble fea ture of country ; which, by the cultivation of wastes and the enclosure of woods beautifully disposed, has been converted into one of the grandest residences in this part of the county. In the house at Dropmore is the 1 The living of Stoke is in the gift of the Right Honorable Lord Francis Godolphin Osborne. The present Vicar, is the Rev. Arthur Bold. 2 The house is at present undergoing very considerable alterations 273 original portrait of the Right Honorable W7illiam Pitt, from which the bust of that great statesman, executed by Nollekens from a mask taken after his death, was completed. Dropmore is in the parish of Hitcham, a village, in the hundred and deanery of Burnham, about a mile north of the Bath road, and within three miles of Maidenhead in Berkshire. The manor, which probably had belonged to some religious house, was the property of Lord Chief Justice Baldwin in the reign of Henry VIII. It was afterwards in pos session of Nicholas Clerke, who married a grand-daughter of the judge already mentioned, and to his son Sir William Clerke, Queen Elizabeth paid a visit at Hitcham in 1602, when, it is recorded, " he so behaved himself, that he pleased nobody, but gave occasion to have his misery and vanity spread far and wide." * The manor at length became the property of Doctor John Freind, who lies buried in the church ; and was purchased of his representative by the present proprietor, Lord Grenville. The manor-house, which was sometime occupied as a school, has re cently been taken down. In the parish church are several memorials for the families of Ramsay and Clerke. In the chancel a black marble stone is thus inscribed : H. I. Johannes Freind, M. D. Serenissimae Reginae Carolinae Archiatrus, Et hujus Manerii Dominus. Obiit 26 Julii 1728, iEtat. 52. The windows of the chancel are decorated with stained glass, the colors of which are very brilliant. The rector of this parish is nominated by the The Progresses of Queen Elizabeth, published by J. Nichols. 2 M 274 Provost and Fellows of Eton College, pursuant to the bequest of Mr. Archer, a former fellow, who has bound his heirs to present a clerk named by the college. The parish was inclosed by an act of parliament, passed in 1778. Burnham is a large village, which gives name to a hundred and a deanery. It lies about a mile to the north of the great Bath road, and three miles to the north-east of Maidenhead in Berkshire. Richard, King of the Romans, in the year 1265, founded an abbey of Benedictine Monks at this place, which was endowed with the manors of Burnham, Cippenham, Stoke, Bulstrode and some smaller estates. When dissolved in the reign of King Henry VIII., its revenues were valued at 51/. 2s. 4d. After several grants of it, Sir Harry Fane procured a lease of it in the reign of Charles I. It was afterwards in the family of Darrell and Love lace : Lord Lovelace sold it to the Villiers family, who renewed with the crown in 1691 ; and the Earl of Jersey a few years since disposed of the lease to Lord Grenville. The site of the abbey, of which there are very small remains, is rather more than a mile from the village of Burnham, and a little to the south of the Bath road. At the Domesday survey, the manor of Burnham belonged to Walter Fitz-Other, ancestor of the Windsor family. It was afterwards given by Henry III. to the abbey. At some subsequent period, it appears to have been united to the manor of Huntercombe in this parish, of which Mr. Sayer is the proprietor. That gentleman became possessed of it in the year 1777, on the death of Thomas Eyre, Esquire, the last heir male of the family, who had been possessed of the seat and estate upwards of four hundred years. Huntercombe house was, a few years past, in the occu pation of Sir William Young, Bart., and since of the late Sir Booth Gore, Bart.; but has lately been purchased by Lord Grenville, and is at present unoccupied. The manor of Cippenham, in this parish, was a part of the ancient de- 275 mesnes of the crown, and is said to have contained a palace of the Mercian kings. It is certain, however, that there was a royal palace here in the reign of Henry III., who occasionally made it the place of his residence, as ap pears by the foundation charter of Burnham Abbey, which is dated from thence. This manor, which had long been in the family of the Goodwyns of Wooburn, was purchased by the Duchess of Marlborough, about the year 1742 ; and having passed by her bequest to her grandson, John Spencer, was sold by his representative, the present Earl Spencer, to the father of James Dupre of Wilton Park,Esq., who is the present proprietor. This district of Burnham has acquired a kind of classical character, from having been the chosen retreat of the celebrated Jacob Bryant, a name illustrious in the annals of learning and of virtue ; where he passed so many years of his prolonged period in those pursuits, which have secured to him all the immortality that letters can bestow, and where he closed his pre-eminently distinguished, and venerable life. Brighhvell court, in this parish, belonged formerly to the family of Cage, from whom it passed, by marriage, to John Hastings, Esquire, son and heir of Sir George Hastings, son of Henry, a younger son of George, the fourth Earl of Huntingdon. This house was for some time the seat of the accomplished Charles Earl of Orrery, who purchased it of Mr. Reeve, an eminent Lawyer of Windsor : it has since been the residence of Crayle Crayle, Esquire, Lady Ravensworth, Lady Camelford, John Symmons, Esquire, and Lord Grenville. It is now the property of the Honorable Mr. Irby, eldest son of Lord Boston. In the parish church of Burnham is a wooden tablet to the memory of John Hastings, Esquire, already mentioned, who died in 1656. This ordinary but proud memorial displays the arms of Hastings with 100 quarterings. There is also a handsome monument of the late Mr. Justice Willes, with a medallion, in his judicial robes. It is accompanied with an inscription to the memory of his son Edward Willes, Esquire. 276 There are likewise sepulchral notices of the families of Eyre, Evelyn, Hawtrey, and Sumner. The advowson of the vicarage was given to Eton College, by Mr. Hawtrey, sometime fellow, whose family had been a considerable time in the possession of it. In the liberty of Boveney is a chapel of ease, a very ancient structure, situated near the northern bank of the Thames. By an act of parliament passed in 1737, it was made a distinct cure : but this parochial change was prevented from taking effect, as a sufficient endowment could not be found for its support. Robert Aldrich, Bishop of Carlisle, was a native of this place. Dorney is a village in the hundred and deanery of Burnham. The manor was part of the possessions of the neighbouring abbey, and after wards became vested in the family of the Gerards ; from whom it passed, by marriage with the daughter of Sir William Gerard, who died in 1607, to Sir James Palmer, Knight, gentleman of the Privy chamber to Charles I., whose son, Sir Philip Palmer, was cup-bearer to King Charles II. On the death of Sir Thomas Palmer, Baronet, of Wingham, in Kent, in 1725, Charles Palmer, Esquire, of Dorney, succeeded to the title. His grandson, Sir Charles Harcourt Palmer, Baronet, is the present proprietor of this family possession. Roger Palmer, Earl of Castlemain, who mar ried Barbara Villiers, sole daughter and heiress of Lord Viscount Gran- dison, was a younger branch of this family ; that lady afterwards became a favorite mistress of Charles II., who created her Baroness Nonsuch, Countess of Southampton and Duchess of Cleveland. The Palmers, by their adherence to the fortunes of Charles I., suffered the loss of consi derable estates in Sussex ; and their subsequent attachment to the house of Stuart still further reduced them. Dorney Court appears, from an old picture in the hall, to be but a small part of the original mansion. In the church is a monument of Sir William Gerard. The patronage of the donative is in Sir Charles Palmer. (Brtoixom OP WINDSOR. SECOND TOUR. X r ."A ^ s; N: \ €ntrirons of Wlitibm. SECOND TOUR. yJvR second Tour, passing from Windsor by Peascod Street, takes a westerly direction, and reaching Billingbear, returns by Ascot, and through the Great Park. Although the rout does not afford much anti quarian research, yet it possesses a great variety of sylvan beauty, and to the heart rejoicing in the prosperity of its country, it gives many a pleasing reflection. It exhibits all the gradations of wealth, from the palace of the noble to the cottage of the laborer ; each placed on the firm foundation of the security of property ; and it shows, in many of the villas which the tour successively presents to our notice, the spectacle of wealth procured by a successful and laudable exertion, and dispensed with a liberal and generous propriety. The view from High-standing Hill, which the accompanying plate illustrates, offers one, and not the least pleasing, of the many beau tiful scenes, of which Windsor is the principal object. The thick forest 280 scene below, with the continued mass of foliage beyond it, forms a verdant base to the castle ; whose towers, clustered in the perspective, are crowned by the stately Keep, while the town is seen climbing up, as it were, to claim the protection of the fortress above it. The chapel of Eton College rises in the luxuriant vale, which is varied by the uplands of Bucking hamshire, and extends to its distant termination in Middlesex and Surrey. At this spot, the high road is intersected by another, which, by the left, leads us to Cranbourn Lodge, Holly Grove House, and Fern Hill, and, by the right, approaches St. Leonard's. Cranbourn Lodge was built by Richard Earl of Ranelagh, pay master of the forces in the reign of Charles II. It has been successively in the occupation of Charles, Duke of St. Albans, of the Duke of Cumber land, his Majesty's royal uncle, and of his Royal Highness the late Duke of York. The lodge is situated in the parish of Winkfield, and on an eleva tion that commands, with but little variation, the view already given from High-standing Hill. In the principal apartment are painted and regu- Jarty arranged in large pannels, the military dresses of the armies of the different European nations at the time when they were placed there by order of his Royal Highness William Duke of Cumberland : a decoration suited to his military character. This mansion was of late the residence of the Honorable George Vil liers, at that time paymaster of the marines ; but it is now vacant, and is said to be destined to suffer dilapidation, the materials being intended to be employed in the additions to be made to Cumberland Lodge, in the Great Park, to fit it for the residence of his Royal Highness the Prince Regent. Holly-Gliove House is the seat of Theodore Henry Broadhead, Esquire.. The first conveyance of this beautiful spot is an indenture 281 made in the year 1697, between William Taylor of Winkfield and John Avis of Old Windsor, for a cottage and small portion of land annexed to it. In 1772, Captain John Deacon of the first regiment of foot-guards, and equerry to the Duke of Cumberland, became a purchaser of it; and the grounds have since been enlarged by occasional grants, which have been regularly entered at the Court of Attachment for the forest. In 1783, Sir Andrew Snape Hammond became the proprietor ; and, in 1788, it passed by sale to Samuel Johnson, Esquire. In 1791, Mr. Johnson sold it to Henry Griffiths, Esquire, of Beaumont Lodge, Old Windsor ; and in the following year it was transferred to Miss Jennings, to whose taste the place is indebted for its present state of improvement. In 1803 Miss Jennings disposed of it to Spencer Mackay, Esquire, of whom it was purchased in 1807 by Theodore Henry Broadhead, Esquire, father of the present proprietor. The house is of red brick, the principal front being enlivened with pilasters of stucco. The interior is disposed in apartments of a comfort able size ; and the former drawing-room has been converted into a library, which can boast a large and very valuable collection of books. But the principal charm of the place is its situation. From both fronts, it com mands varied and extensive views over the forest, the Great Park, the castle and town of Windsor, with a fine stretch of distant prospect. During the time this place was in the possession of Miss Jennings, she had the assistance of Mr. Repton in the distribution of the grounds ; and under his direction the flower garden was created. This beautiful and sequestered spot is furnished with a grapery, green-house, and alcoves ; while the area is gay and fragrant with flowers, and rich in plants of rarity and beauty. The walk that leads to it, takes a serpentine direction round the grounds, and, at intervals, commands selected views of the surrounding country. The estate is charged with the repair of part of the high-way, leading 2 N 282 from a certain spot beyond the house in the parish of Old Windsor, to the junction of the road with the parish of New Windsor. This was a condition entered into by Mr. Griffiths on being permitted to enclose a part of the forest. Fern Hill, which is in the parish of Winkfield, was considered in the sixteenth century, as one of the principal places in the vicinity of Windsor Castle ; and is, at present, among the most desirable situations in the forest. It is about a mile west of the Great Park. The house stands on an eminence, in the centre of the grounds, commanding extensive and delightful prospects over a charming country ; while its meadows lie on easy slopes beautifully wooded. The estate is bounded on the ' east by the forest, and on the west by Hatchet lane. Two spacious rooms, forming the west aspect, were built by Governor Roger Drake, on whose death, the whole estate was sold under an act of Par liament to Thomas Dawson Lord Dartrey, now Viscount Cremorne,1 who disposed of it to Sir Francis Knollys, Bart., the lineal descendant of the 1 Even while this sheet was in the press, this amiable and much-respected nobleman paid the debt of nature, March 2, 1813, in the 88th year of his age — The Right Honorable Thomas Dawson, Viscount and Baron Cremorne, Baron Dartrev, of Dawson- Grove, in the County of Monaghan, Ireland ; and for many years one of the Representatives for that County in the Irish House of Commons, married, in 1754, the Lady Anne Fermor, youngest daughter of Thomas, first Earl of Pomfret. By her, who died in 1769, he had a son and a daughter; the former of whom died in 1778, the latter in 1767. He married, secondly, Miss Freame, only daughter of Thomas Freame, Esq. by his wife Margaretta, the daughter of the Honorable William Penn, Founder and Lord Proprietary of the Province of Pennsylvania ; by whom he had a son and a daughter, both of whom died in 1787- This most excellent man, during a life much extended beyond the common privilege of years, fulfilled all the great duties which honors and an ample fortune impose, in a manner to command, not only the highest esteem, but the most tender love, of all who had the happiness to be connected with him, either by the ties of kindred, of friendship, or of service. His generosity was unbounded, xr ,x x. ) ^~X ^ X X V X V 283 chancellor of that name in the reign of Queen Elizabeth. He died about the year 1770, and was the last male heir of the ancient family of that name at Reading. The present proprietor is Sir Theophilus Metcalfe, Bart., a director of the India Company, who lately served the office of High Sheriff for the county of Berks, and formerly represented the borough of Abingdon in three successive parliaments. Saint Leonard's Hill, the seat of Earl Harcourt, is in the parish of Clewer, which will be hereafter mentioned. It was built on the site of a cottage or keeper's lodge, by the Countess dowager of Waldegrave, afterwards Duchess of Gloucester, and at that time called Gloucester Lodge. This spot must, however, have possessed a mansion of some con sequence, previous to its purchase by her royal highness ; as it was the country retreat of Mr. Pitt afterwards Earl of Chatham, while he was Secretary at War. It was sold by the Duke of Gloucester to Mr.'Mac- namara, who, after a short residence, disposed of it to its present noble proprietor about 1781. The prospect from this place comprehends all the fine objects in its vicinity, and a vast circumference of view into and his heart, in the most comprehensive sense, charitable : which the order and regularity of his affairs enabled him always to indulge. His manners were engaging to all ; his disposition cour teous and hospitable : He was a most tender husband ; an affectionate father, so long as it pleased God to permit him that relation ; a warm and faithful friend; a kind and fostering master; a just and protecting landlord ; and a liberal encourager of arts and industry. In his public duties, he was loyally affected towards his Sovereign, an exemplary citizen, and zealously attached to his own native country, Ireland. But his most exalted character is, that he was a true Christian in mind and practice : resigned to the Divine Will, under the severe and peculiar domestic losses by which it pleased God to make trial of his virtues ; and that he died in humble, yet strong, reliance on the mercies of God, through the atonement of Jesus Christ. His Lordship was buried in his family vault at Stoke Poges, in Buckinghamshire, on Tuesday the 9th of March. 284 the adjacent counties. It has been considered by those whose taste for landscape beauty is not to be doubted, that Windsor Castle appears with a more striking effect when viewed from St. Leonard's Hill, than from any point of the circumjacent country to which it presents itself. Nor are the home beauties to be forgotten, improved as they have been by the noble owner of the place. The house, having been built at different periods, is not free from that irregular elevation, which so often proceeds from successive erections. But its interior possesses accommodation and elegance. The two rooms, built by the Countess of Waldegrave under the direction of Mr. Thomas Sandby, are spacious and handsome, and are connected with the original buildings by a vestibule, enriched with columns and decorations of the Roman doric order. There is a traditionary notion that St. Leonard's Hill once possessed an hermitage where Superstition secluded itself from the world. The belief of such a circumstance seems indeed to be justified by the established name of a field just below the house, which is called the hermitage field. A well within it, which was several years since stopped up, was called the hermitage well, a circumstance which would determine the site of the Anchorite's abode, but so effectually did they who covered up, or rather destroyed, this well, perform their office, that very active endeavours to discover it have been altogether fruitless. St. Leonard's Hill is also supposed to have been a Roman encamp ment, as many antiquities have been found on it. In 1717/ a brass lamp was discovered under a stone, with a spear-head, two pieces of trumpets, coins, earthern pots, &c. The lamp was presented by Sir Hans Sloane to the society of Antiquaries, and has since been chosen for their * Vetusta Monumenta, 1st vol. Mr. Lysons in his "Magna Britannia," Berks, page 199, says it is not certain that these anti quities were Roman. 285 crest. Many coins of Vespasian and Trajan and of the lower empire found on this hill, were purchased by the above society in 1725. On the declivity of St. Leonard's Hill, is the seat of Wm. Dawson, Esq. ,v ^ct^> . ,yL^,_,/' $//„?„, <£/}„„^n £,.„ 286 This charming and sequestered spot, is recorded by the Countess of Hertford, afterwards Duchess of Somerset, in her published letters. She thus describes it with the habitual ease and elegance of her pen. " I staid in Windsor Forest till the 13th of November, and left it more unwillingly than usual, from the circumstance of our returning there no more. The house, I own, was a very bad one, but there was something in the retiredness of its situation, and the beautiful prospect from it, that I would not, to please myself, have exchanged it for the finest apartment in Versailles or Hampton Court : but it is so much out of repair, that we could not live there any longer, without buying and in a manner rebuild ing it, which, for a very substantial reason that you may guess, was impracticable." She also mentions the hermitage, but appears to claim another situation for it than that which has been already suggested. In another letter, she writes, " Saint Leonard was certainly esteemed a tutelar saint of Windsor Forest and its purlieus, for the place we left was originally an hermitage founded in honor of him." The house was rebuilt by Lillie Agascomb, Esquire, of whom it was purchased by the Duke of Gloucester, as an appendage to Gloucester Lodge, when it received the name of Sophia Farm. I. Birch, Esq. was the succeeding proprietor, and it is now in the possession of William Dawson, Esquire, of Craven, in Yorkshire, who has enlarged and considerably improved the house, whose exterior, as well as part of the interior, is now completing in the Gothic style, under the direction of Mr. James Wyatt. From hence we shall pass immediately to Billingbear, the seat of Viscount Braybrooke, and the extent of our route. The country, through which we direct our course, is of a rural, fertile character, but possesses no great extent of view, nor any feature of particular interest. On the left of the road at Winkfield, is the residence of S. Batson, Esq. 287 Billingbear is the ancient seat of the Right Honorable Viscount Braybrooke. The grant of it, with all the manors and estates in the hundred of Wargrave, was originally made by Edward VI. to his Gentle man of the Chamber, Sir Henry Neville, the immediate and lineal ances tor of the present noble proprietor. Which Sir Henry Neville was the second grandson of Lord Abergavenny, his father dying without having enjoyed the title. The Lords and Earls of Abergavenny derive their descent from the elder brother or first grandson. This place contains a thousand acres, within a ring fence possessing much of solemn, sylvan beauty. The house has undergone many mate rial alterations, particularly by the first Sir Henry Neville, who is said to have built the north wing ; by Mr. Grey Neville the present Lord Braybrooke's grandfather in 1724, or 5, and by the noble Lord himself in 1794 and 1797, from designs of Mr. Wyatt ; the hall received its present enrichments of the gothic style, under the direction of Mr. Saun- derson of Reading. The principal pictures with which this mansion was once furnished, have been removed to Audley-End in Essex, but among those which remain, are a portrait of Edward VI., and a picture contain ing two persons, Sir Peter Lely, and his friend Baptist May the architect and surveyor general, who is displaying a plan. The canvass also repre sents a bust of Gibbons the celebrated carver, with a view of Windsor Castle in the back ground. This picture is an undoubted original from the pencil of Sir Peter Lely, and is particularly mentioned by Grainger, in his Biographical History. The portrait by Dobson is erroneously marked Colonel Richard Neville, as it is an original of Sir Charles Lucas, a copy of which is at Adderbury in Oxfordshire. He is painted with his dog, and a pistol on the table before him. He appears to be repre sented as if he were relating some story connected with that animal. There is a portrait of Moll Davies, a favorite of Charles II., and of Sir 288 Henry Neville, ambassador to France from Queen Elizabeth, and Lady Neville his wife. In the Tenant's Hall, a room in one of the wings, is a bird's eye view of Billingbear house and grounds ; but since the time of its being taken, the entrance has been changed from the west to the east front, and the old approach converted into a flower garden. Binfield, which has acquired a classical character from its having been the scene of Mr, Pope's early years, and where he poured forth the first effusions of his muse, is a pleasant village in Windsor Forest, in the hundred of Cookham and Deanery of Reading, and is about 11 miles S. W. of Windsor. The manor was in 1548 surrendered by Lord Sandys to King Edward VI., and has since continued in the crown. There are three inferior manors in this parish, the most extensive of which is the property of Claude Russel, Esquire, of Binfield : a second is possessed by Mr. Zachariah Boult, and the third is the property of Mr. Charles Cove. It appears, on the authority of Dr. Wilson, the late rector of this parish, and who employed every means his situation afforded him to ascertain the fact, that Pope was no more than six years of age, Johnson says eight, when he accompanied his father to reside in tins place ; but the subsequent circumstances of the young poet's life seem to confirm the former period. On the side of the London road is the site of his pater nal habitation, and is now occupied by Thomas Neate, Esquire. Within half a mile of this spot, in a retired part of the forest, is the scene of the poet's early dalliance with the muse, and where he received her first inspiration. First in these fields he tried the sylvan strains, Nor blush'd to sport on Windsor's blissful plains. 289 On the bark of a large tree beneath whose shade tradition relates that he composed many of his juvenile poems, the words, Here Pope Sung,. are inscribed in capital letters. The successive care of various lovers of the poetry of our elegant bard has preserved this consecrating inscription, and the pious care of Dr. Cook son promises still to protect it to future generations. In the parish church are memorials of the family of Blount of Soding- ton, baronets, and of the families of Dancastle and Lee, the latter of whom, during a considerable part of the two last centuries, inhabited an old mansion, now pulled down, which stood near the eight mile stone on the road to Windsor. The Lee family becoming extinct, the inheri tance devolved to Henry Earl of Stirling, Secretary of State for Scotland, who resided at Binfield, and was buried there in 1739 ; as appears by his tomb in the chancel. Among the more modern monuments, is that of Admiral Sir Edward Vernon, who commanded the British fleet at the taking of Pondicherry, and died in 1794. A tablet of white marble with her portrait on a medallion, has been erected to the memory of the female historian, Mrs. Macaulay Graham, who passed the closing years of her life in this village. It is thus inscribed, Catharine Macaulay Graham, Obiit Junii 22, 1791- Mcerens Conjux posuit. Catharine Macaulay Graham was the daughter of John Sawbridge, Esq. of Olantigh in Kent, and born in 1733. In 1760, she married Dr. George Macaulay, a physician, who left her a widow. In 1778, 20 290 she married the Rev. Mr. Graham, brother to the noted empiric of that name. In 1785, she went to America for the purpose of visiting General' Washington, with whom she maintained a correspondence during his life. She died in 1791. Her works are, The History of England from James I. to the accession of the house of Hanover, 8 vol. The History of England from the Revolution to the present time, 1 vol. 4to. Remarks on Hobbes's Rudiments of Government, and Society ; Observations on a pamphlet entitled, Thoughts on the Causes of the present discontents ; and some minor pamphlets addressed to the more particular circum stances of the times. At Binfield, are likewise the summer residences of C. Elliot, Esq. J. Neave, Esq. General Hotham, and Claude Russell, Esq. which latter gentleman inhabits the manor house. Hawthorn Hill in this neighbourhood, is the beautiful summer retreat of George Blackshaw, Esq. The views which the back front of the house commands, are varied and delightful. Warfield is a village in the hundred of Wargrave, and about 8 miles to the South West of Windsor. The manor is the property of Lord Braybrooke. In this parish is the seat of Richard Parry, Esquire, a modern house with pleasing grounds, which enjoy their full share of the beauties presented by the circumjacent country. Warfield House, is the seat of Sir J. Benn Walsh, Baronet. The right to a portion of the manor of Warfield was purchased by the late John Walsh, Esq. of the late R. A. Neville, Esq. from whom it descended to the present proprietor. Mr. Walsh, who had spent many years in India, gave the name of Plassey House to this seat in commemoration of the signal victory gained in the plains of Plassey by Col. (afterwards Lord) Clive, in 1752, over the vast army of the Nabob Sarajah Dowlah ; 291 by which was laid the foundation of the present extensive British empire in Hindostan. The former alterations to this mansion, were made under the able direction of Mr. Stuart, more generally known as Athenian Stuart, and considerable further improvements are now making to it. In the parish church are several monuments of the Stavertons, the former proprietors of estates here. Henry Neville, the political writer lies buried in their aisle. He married the heiress of the Stavefton family, and having no issue, bequeathed this estate to his nephew Grey Neville, some time one of the Representatives in Parliament for the county of Berks. Winkfield is a scattered village in the hundred of Ripplesmere, about six miles to the South West of Windsor. The manor which pre vious to the reformation, belonged to the Abbot and Monks of Abing don, was purchased by his present Majesty of the family of Meeke, about the year 1780. WJinkfield Park. The ancient manor of Folycion otherwise called Foliejon is also in this parish and is become the property of W. Blane, Esq. This gentleman's residence, which till lately bore the name of the manor, but which is now called Winkfield Park, was erected into a legal park by King Edward II. in 1316, being part of the conjoined manors of Folycion and Hyremeres ; and it was put out of the regard of the forest, and had other privileges granted to it, by King Edward III. Having afterwards come into the possession of the crown, partly by exchange and partly by purchase, it was finally granted by King Charles I. in 1630 to Sir H. Henne, with all the rights, royalties, franchises, hereditaments, privileges, and immunities whatsoever, in consideration of a large sum of money ; under which patent or grant it has been held ever since. The 292 property continued in the family of Sir H. Henne for about 100 years from the time he purchased it in 1630 ; after which it was for many years in the possession of the Beauclercs. It then became the property of G. Ph. Towry, Esq. and remained with him till about the year 1798, having long been the residence of his son in law, Mr. Law, now Lord Ellenborough. The house is modern and designed with taste, and its domain possesses a pleasing variety of hills and finely undulated ground, very uncommon in this part of the country. The situation of the house is upon an eminence commanding a beautiful view of the valley of the Thames from above Cliefden, to near Windsor, and a fine distant pros pect of Buckinghamshire, as far as Beaconsfield and Wycombe. The park is richly wooded and is enlivened by a spacious sheet of water. In this parish also, is the manor of Ascot, which was likewise among the possessions of the Abbe}r of Abingdon, and is now the property of Daniel Agace, Esquire. The title is deduced from the 6th of Edward II. Ascot Place, the seat of that gentleman, was erected by Andrew Lindergreen, Esquire, at whose death it was sold by a decree in Chan cery to the present proprietor, to whom the grounds are greatly indebted for the well arranged plantations which diversify and shade them. The house is of brick with wings. On the adjoining lawn, a circular Corinthian Temple produces a very pleasing effect, and at one end of a canal is a grotto, upon which much expense and labor has been bestowed. It consists of four rooms, but the tea room alone appears to be completed. It is almost entirely covered with a white spar, inter mixed with curious and unique specimens of polished pebbles and petri factions. The ceiling is ornamented with pendants of the same mate rial ; and the whole, when under the influence of a strong sun, has an almost magical effect. These and other decorations of the grounds were executed by a person of the name of Turnbull, who was employed here 293 for several years by Mr. Agace. The carving with which he has enriched the Corinthian temple, and a Gothic seat, at no great distance from it, has given very sufficient proof of his skill and ingenuity. The house contains some good pictures. In this parish is the well-known race course, where a king's plate is annually contested, and the best horses in the kingdom are generally brought thither to form the sport of several days. About a mile from this spot is Swinley Lodge, the residence of the Master of the King's stag hounds. X *-J#aa -€f/LO 6Co C?S ' i-J - i a<"^9 / /.'/iJ^7n./-r/j/>/u,7n/M.rr,r//.7. ,V7J ]rv ^dnuuu^ (./,' yd Jl wltt J/r-cci . i.ur&icbsA Sn 294 On the edge of the forest, arnong many others of smaller dimensions, exhibiting all the neatness and comfort so eagerly sought for in an Eng lish habitation, is situated Forest Farm, the villa of Miss Squire. The house is of brick stuccoed, and was built by its present owner in 1793. On the principal floor, the whole extent of the entrance front is formed into a green house, which, during the summer months, forms a saloon of considerable magnitude, while in winter it enlivens the dreary season by displaying the contrast of a florishing vegetation. The other apartments are of a convenient size, while an elegant taste reigns in the interior and exterior decorations of this charming retirement. Sandpit Gate, built after a design by Mr. Wyatt, partaking of castle character, forms a very appropriate entrance from the Forest into the Great Park; the road through which passes by Cumberland Lodge, a large red brick mansion which was much enlarged by William Duke of Cumberland, the Uncle of his present Majesty. On his death, the late Duke of Cumberland was appointed ranger of the Great Park and occu pied the Lodge till his decease, when his Majesty took the management of the Park into his own hands. It is now about to be formed into a resi dence for his Royal Highness the Prince Regent; and the small lodge on the left of the road, which was occupied by the late Thomas Sandby, when Deputy Ranger, is fitting up for the temporary accommodation of His Royal Highness, until Cumberland Lodge is in a state for his reception. From nearly this spot, the long walk forms the road to Windsor. To the admirers of landscape beauty and picturesque scenery, the ride from the entrance of this park, at Sandpit Gate to its exit by the long walk, offers a succession of features to delight and charm. The road, skirted by trees of the most magnificent growth, winds over grounds beau tifully varied in their surface and thickly studded with the most florishing 295 plantations, while the rich expanse of distance which occasionally bursts upon the eye, is relieved and broken by the fine forms and majestic effect of the castle and town beneath it. Irn.p.ntdh, 'gnu/. C ',,,ts/
    , '^W/W/'f UAt"'ii"U ./ 1 1 ¦Of 'till Kill i. "tsi 111 -5 i «SlW » IIHr'S 'SIS ililllHlillt V x x.Xt X X, X #* 303 village, and the several residences on the banks of the Thames will be given hereafter. This pleasing Villa was formerly a cottage belonging to Francis Pigot, Esq., the nephew of Doctor Pelling, Canon of Windsor, and 47 years Rector of St. Anne's Westminster, and whose name was given by his surviving relative to the Place. Of that gentleman it was purchased by Mr. Bonnell, who has enlarged and improved the house, which consists of handsome apartments, some of which are indebted for their decorations to the pencil and the needle of Mrs. Bonnell; and one of them is enriched by a fine portrait of Mrs. Bonnell by Romney. The taste which improved the house has been exerted with the best effect in the grounds. On the upper part of them is an octagonal build ing, which contains a billiard room, a tea room, and a grotto. A dairy, an hermitage, and an aviary are also placed in suitable situations, and add an interesting variety to the scene. The tea room commands a fine view of Windsor Castle with its picturesque accompaniments, and the windings of the Thames. Our attention is next arrested by the commanding elevation of the entrance front of Beaumont Lodge, the seat of Viscount Ashbrook. This place has successively been in the possession of his Royal Highness the late Duke of Cumberland, Thomas Watts, Esq., Governor Hastings, and Mr. Griffiths. Within a few years it has become the property by purchase, of the present noble occupier. To Mr. Griffiths it owes its more considerable enlargement, who, under the advice and direction of Mr. Emlyn of Windsor, embellished, (if it may be so denominated) the principal front with columns of the order which the architect has described as British.1 The gallery on the chamber floor commands a very pleasing view of the Thames and adjacent country. Lord Ashbrook has enriched some of the apartments ' Henry Emlyn's design for a new order of Architecture : published 1781. In the preface the artist says : with good pictures, and among the curiosities of this art; is an undoubted whole length portrait of Oliver Cromwell, brought from the manor-house, of Hitcham, to which property his lordship succeeded by right Of marriage. The upper grounds of this desirable domain command the extensive yiew which accompanies this page ; the succession of square towers of Windsor Castle forms the eastern front, and are appropriated to the residence of her Majesty and the Princesses. From hence, ascending Priest's Hill, we come upon Englefield Green, a pleasant village on " However, new as the attempt is, a late architect speaks much in commendation of such a one ; and some of the greatest masters of the French nation have labored therein, and their monarch, Lewis XIV., a great encourager of the arts, offered a reward to the person who should perfect it. Their attempts have been in vain; the proposed variations being so trifling, and that 4nly in the ornaments." , In continuation he says : " As the Doric, order was composed on the system of manly figure and strength, of robust and herculean proportions ; the Ionic, on the model of the easy, delicate, and simple grace of female beauty ; to which the Corinthian, on a similar design, adapted a symmetry of more artificial and complicated elegance ; this column is composed on the plan of representing the particular character of Our ancient English chivalry, in its most illustrious order." ; -Intent, therefore, on forming an order which shall interest the best feelings of the country, by recalling the glorious days of the third Edward and the prowess of his heroic son, the artist adopts for. the decorations, the insignia of the order of the garter, and forms his columns on the natural circumstance of 'the twin trees of the forest. For the more particular description we shall again quote the Artist. * " In pursuance of this double idea — the conformity to the natural object which first occasioned the design and the allusion to that order of knighthood — the columns are imitations of nature,' Jaken from the twin trees already mentioned, as the capitals are from the plumage of the caps of the knights, with the Ionic volutes interwoven, and bound together in the front with the star of the order between them, and the supporters of the arms of England, issuing out of the foliage of the Volute, and in the profile of the capital is a lion's snout rising out of a rose.'' ¦ " The ornament of the frieze over the columns is a plume of three ostrich feathers, a distin guishing mark of honor peculiar to H. R. H. the Prince of Wales: the bottom of them comes through the upper member of the architrave, and is mixed with acorns, and tied with a ribbon." X 5x x; rs- XJ 305 the eastern side of the Great Park, and remarkable for the elegant villas which adorn it. Ankerwyke Purnesh, situated on Cooper's Hill, in the parish of Egham, was the seat of the late Lord Shuldham, and is now the resi dence of Lord Langford. The prospect from this spot lives in the verse of Denham, and near it was the house in which the poet resided ; but not a vestige of it remains. Kino-swood Lodge is also situated on Cooper's Hill. It was the property of the late Gideon Bickerdike, Esq., who died there in 1811. That gentleman purchased it about eight years since, of William Smith, Esq., " In the metopes are placed the great George and collar, and in a continued frieze other symbolical ornaments, as naval and military trophies." This is the general description of the invention, which, we believe, has never been employed but at Beaumont Lodge and on the entrance of the artist's own house at Windsor : nor do we think, after his own remark, that the efforts of all the architects of the reign of Lewis XIV. failed to accomplish this object ; and the opinion of the celebrated D'Hancarville, which we here quote, that such an attempt will again occupy the serious attention of any one. " En vain dans le si^cle passe on tenta d'ajouter un ordre nouveau & ceux que nous tenons des Etrusques, des Grecs, et des Romains ; les efforts reunis que tant de gens tr^s-habiles firent en cette occasion n'aboutirent qu'a mieux faire connoitre quelles difHcultes eurent k surmonter les auteurs d'un premier systeme d'architecture, et quelle intelligence suppose une invention si simple en apparence ; mais qui a tellement rempli l'objet de l'art, que Von n'a jamais pu rien imaginer d'esssentiel a mettre a sa place, ou meme a y ajouter" Antiquites Etrusques, Grecques et Ro- maines, gravees par F. A. David, avecleurs explications, Par D' Hancarville. Tome i. fol. 37. The novelties, the graces, and the general impressive effects of architecture, must be produced in great works, by the judicious distribution of columns, by the attentive regard to a just display of well-adapted ornament, and by the repose obtained by the plain surface of less prominent and more inferior parts ; in smaller and more fanciful erections, the artist is more at liberty, and his taste may be properly exerted in designing original compositions, without any other limitation than an attentive regard to general proportions. 2Q 306 to whom it is indebted for its first improvements. Near the house is a seat placed by that gentleman, as being, according to the tradition of the country, the spot from which Sir John Denham formed his poetical picture of the prospect which it commands. These, with other residences of less consequence, occupy the eastern extremity of Englefield Green. At the western extremity is Bishopgate. Immediately on the verge of the park, and adjoining the entrance into it, is the very attractive cottage of George Powney, Esq. It formerly be longed to George Cumberland, Esq., author of the " Maid of Snowdon," and other works of taste and elegance. Of late years, considerable addi tions have been made to it by Mr. Powney, and the whole circle of our route does not present a more pleasing or more desirable retreat. On Englefield Green is likewise the embattled villa of William Freemantle, Esq., M. P. and the respectable family residences of Mrs. Torin and B. Torin, Esq. From hence we descend Egham Hill to the town of that name. In the charming prospect which this elevation affords us, St. Anne's Hill, a < marked and distinguished feature through a long tract of country, and the extent of our route, becomes a principal object, beyond which the eye stretches to the distant uplands of Surry. Egham is placed at a distance of four miles from Windsor, on the edge of Runny mead ; and eighteen from London. It has an annual fair, September 19th, and horse races in the beginning of the month. The village is of but small extent, but contains a neat alms-house, founded in 1706 by Mr. Henry Strode, merchant, of London, for six men and six women, who must be sixty years of age, and have been parishioners of Egham twenty years, without having received any parochial relief. They have each annually a chaldron of coals, clothing, and five pounds in money. The centre of the building is a good house for a school master ; who has forty pounds a year, and a chaldron of coals, (besides rv -¦ •^ *- ^ -is1 X1 307 an allowance for an assistant,) for the education of twenty boys of Egham. In addition to the Free School, the master undertakes to instruct eight pupils in classical learning, agreeable to the system pursued at Eton school. Here are also alms-houses built and endowed by Sir John Denham, one of the Barons of the Exchequer in the reign of Charles I., and the father of Sir John Denham the poet, for five poor old women. The parsonage house was a favorite seat of that eminent lawyer. In the church is a monument to the two wives of Sir John Denham, one of them with an infant in her hand, and a curious monument of white marble, the lower division of it discovering an open coffin with several skeletons. On the wall is an inscription of the date 1327, being the dedication of the church by the abbot of Chertsey Abbey. Between Egham and the village of Thorpe is Milton Place, for many years the residence of the late Richard Wyatt, Esq., a gentleman of considerable taste, and an active and intelligent magistrate. His collec tion of pictures was numerous and well chosen. Mr. Wyatt was pre ceded in the possession of Milton Place by Mr. William Edgell. At Thorpe is the mansion of Sir Edward Blackett, Bart.; and at Almner's Barns Farm resides Mr. Wapshott, whose family have lived on the same spot since the time of Alfred, by whom the farm was granted to Reginald Wapshott. Saint Anne's Hill is the residence of the honorable Mrs. Fox. This charming spot is supposed to derive its name from an hermitage, or chapel, dedicated to St. Anne, which was probably an appendage of the neighbouring abbey of Chertsey. Its modern distinction has arisen from its having been the residence of the late Right Honorable Charles James Fox. This place has been described with so much accuracy, as 308 to its character and position, by a writer so qualified by his acquaint ance with it, that we cannot do better than to give his pleasing account of it. " St. Anne's Hill is delightfully situated, commanding a rich and extensive prospect. The house, which is embowered in trees, rests on the side of the hill ; while the grounds decline gracefully to the road which bounds the bottom. Some fine trees are grouped round the house, and three remarkably beautiful ones stand on the lawn, while a profusion of shrubs are distributed throughout with taste and judgment. Here Mr. Fox was the tranquil and happy possessor of about thirty acres of land, and the inmate of a small but pleasant mansion. When I first visited St. Anne's Hill, the summer was not yet passed, and all the freshness of nature was upon that beautiful spot : its sloping glades were unparched by autumnal suns : the flowers and shrubs Avere redolent with sweets, and the full choir of birds, which burst from every tree and shady recess, filled the heart with gladness. The rich expanse of cultivated country, the meadows, corn, woods, and villages, till the sight caught the far distant smoke of London, composed the prospect ; while the graceful Thames, winding beneath the hill, gave effect to all I saw."' In describing this place, it will be naturally expected that we should say something of the distinguished character who passed, during so many years of his life, every hour he could spare from the public duties at it. His superior talents, commanding eloquence, comprehensive mind, and great attainments, were so long, so continually, and so powerfully, employed in the great concerns of his country, that no one can be a stranger to them. His private virtues, his social qualities, his winning manners, his undisguised heart, and his capacity for the endearments of friendship, all those who knew him in the privacy of life never lose the ' Trotter's Memoirs of Mr. Fox. 309 opportunity of recording. And now, when the animosities of party are buried in his grave, this tribute of respect to his memory will find no one to wish that it had been omitted. He was born January 13th, 1749, and died September 13th, 1806. Botleys, which is also in the vicinity of Chertsey, is an elegant mansion, built by the late Sir Joseph Maw bey, Bart., who for many years was a representative for the county of Surrey. He was assisted in the erection of it by Cowse. It is of stone, raised on a basement, and the east front is decorated with three quarter Ionic columns of the Roman proportions. The line of our progress requires a return to Windsor by the head of the Virginia water, whose surplus stream is formed into a cascade, which, by a judicious disposition of projecting stones, is broke into several rills, and attracts the notice of every traveller. The spot which next demands our attention is Sunning Hill, a small village on Windsor Forest, and near Ascot Heath. The salutary qualities of its mineral waters, and thie" beauty of the surrounding scenes, have been celebrated by the late Doctor Meyrick of Reading. The wells have at times attracted their portion of invalids ; and the public breakfasts and assemblies have equally invited the residents in that fashionable and elegant neigh bourhood. In the parish church, on a square pillar, between the nave and the chancel, is a very ancient inscription, commemorating the obit of Livingas, a priest. There are some memorials of the families of Buck- worth, Baronets, and Baber. Sunning Hill is in the deanery of Reading. Tittenhurst, or Titness, is the beautiful and fanciful retreat of Admiral Sir Home Popham. It has been successively the property of H. Knox, Esq. and General Charles Crosby ; but received its present extent and accommodation under the direction of its present owner. 310 On Buckhurst Hill is a neat modern mansion built by James Barwell, Esq., commanding the most luxuriant prospects of the plantations in Windsor Great Park, the island, and stone bridge over the lake called Virginia water. It was purchased in 1804 by John Vernon, Esq., who is the present proprietor. At Sunning Hill are likewise the residences of General Fitzpatrick, Augustus Schutz, Esq., and the Dowager Lady Harwood. In the parish of Sunning Hill is Bromhall Priory, the very small remains of which are occupied as farm buildings. It was formerly a convent of Benedictine nuns, founded, according to Speed, by Edward the Black Prince. In 1522, it was abandoned by the nuns, who were then only two in number ; and having been judged an escheat to the crown, was granted through the interest of Bishop Fisher, with all its appurtenances, among which were the rectory and advowson of Sunning Hill, to St. John's College, Cambridge. The letter of Henry VIII. ordering the dissolution, bears date the 10th of December, and that of Cardinal Wolsey, the 20th of October. Immediately beyond is Sillwood Park, the seat of George Simson, Esq. The estate, which consists of between two and three hundred acres, is laid out as a ferme ornee, with great taste and judgment, producing a rich variety of wood, water, and cultivation. A riding of four miles in circuit embraces the successive features of the whole. The house is situated on a rising ground, and commands, from the entrance front, an extensive prospect over a rich valley, bounded by the Thames and the Surry Hills. From the other front, is a delightful view of the pleasure grounds, terminated by the woods of Windsor Great Park. It was built by the late Sir James Sibbald, Bart., who purchased the estate and manor of James Hartley, Esq., in the year 1787- At the death of Sir James Sibbald, it became the property, by purchase, of the present owner. Both fronts are decorated with porticoes of composite columns ; Ilillilill A &. ^ X 311 and the interior is of corresponding expense. The drawing room, break fast room, and eating room, are en suite, towards the pleasure grounds, which are thrown together by folding doors, forming a range of apart ments of ninety feet in length. This floor also contains a large hall, library, dressing room, billiard room, lady's dairy, and hot and cold baths, most conveniently distributed. The great staircase deserves notice, as well from its proportions as its decorations. The dome is enriched with emblematical paintings : a screen of Ionic columns partly conceals the passages which lead to the chambers, and figures after the antique hold the lamps which illuminate this beautiful piece of architecture. Mr. Robert Mitchell was the architect. Further on is Sunning Hill Park, the seat of George Henry Crutchley, Esq., the oldest domain of this part of the country. It was formerly part of the royal demesnes, and was granted by Charles I. in the sixth year of his reign, to Thomas Cary, Esq. Sir Thomas Draper, of Sunning Hill Park, who was created a baronet in 1660, married an heiress of that family. Mr. Crutchley purchased it in 1 769 of Thomas Draper Baber, Esq., grandson of Sir Thomas Draper, who by will bequeathed it to his nephew, the present owner. The house is of considerable dimensions, and was some time since modernized under the direction of Mr. Wyatt. It is seated on a fine glade ; a spacious lake spreads itself within a pleasing distance of the garden front, and thriving woods enrich every part of the park. The accompanying plate represents one, among the many luxuriant scenes, with which this domain abounds, which appears placed as a barrier against the heathy waste that stretches itself for many miles to the south west, having its eastern termination at the boundary of this park. From hence, the liberality of Mr. Crutchley allows a free road through his park to the forest, which is here of a character wild, luxuriant, and beautiful. The timber is, unfortunately, for a great part, on the decay, 312 arising from the depredations which are constantly committed upon it, and from the constitution of the forest laws, which, by granting a large portion of the fallen tree as the perquisite of the keeper, rather encourages its downfal than protects its growth. It is here not uncommon to see persons deliberately employed in excavating, for firing, the trunk of a tree yet in its full vigor, and committing other acts of spoliation, which must inevitably end in the destruction of all prospect of obtaining valuable timber from this spot. To remedy this evil, the attention of govern ment was recently directed, but the commission under which the inquiry was authorised, was so despotic, and its powers, granted for the purpose of investigating the various claims of commonage and forestal rights, so arbitrary, that a violent opposition was created against the whole scheme, which finally crushed the then intended proceedings. Four reports were presented to parliament by the commissioners appointed under the act, and notice has been given of a further application to parliament for a bill to carry this desirable object into execution. The road over the forest leads direct to a gate of entrance to the Great Park, from whence a pleasant but not a very picturesque approach conducts us to Windsor. environs OF WINDSOR. THE THAMES. 2R €nbirons of WLittim. THE THAMES. " Though with those streams he no resemblance hold, Whose foam is amber, and their gravel gold ; His genuine and less guilty wealth t'explore, Search not his bottom, but survey his shore. — " Denham. J. he extent of our observation upon the course of this, to England most useful, and to the Environs of Windsor most ornamental, river, will extend from Hedsor, to Oatlands, comprehending a distance beyond which the progress of a day's excursion will seldom carry the traveller. The interesting display of either shore we shall describe as they success ively present themselves to our notice. 316 Hedsor is a village, in the hundred of Desborough and Deanery of Wycombe, about five miles east of Marlow, and about the same distance from Maidenhead, in Berkshire. The manor belonged anciently to a family who derived their name from it. In the 15th century it was in the possession of Restwolds, from whom it passed to the Hawtreys. Rowland Hynde became the purchaser of it about the year 1560, and having continued in his family about a century, it passed by purchase to the Chilcots, of whom it was inherited by the Parkers. Of one of that family it was purchased in 1764, by William Lord Boston, and is now the property of his son Frederic Lord Boston. Hedsor House, the residence of that nobleman, was erected in the year 1778, and is distinguished for the judgment displayed in its interior decorations and the convenience of its domestic arrangements. It stands on a commanding brow that overlooks a wide expanse of country before it. The surrounding grounds are admired for their sloping hills, deep vallies, and the luxuriant foliage of the woods, the whole forming a bold undulating slope to a rich verdant bottom, watered by the winding Thames. The House contains a small collection of pictures, chiefly por traits, of the families of Irby and Paget connected by intermarriages. In the library is a portrait of Conrad Ernest Copperman, a dwarf who was in the service of the late Princess Dowager of Wales. He died at the age of thirty-five, being no more than three feet five inches in height. In the parish-church, which is a small structure in the park, are some memorials of the families of Hynde and Parker. In the church-yard are deposited the remains of Nathaniel Hooke, author of the Roman History. To his memory a tablet has been placed with the following Inscription. — " Sub hoc tumulo corpus deponi jussit Nathaniel Hooke, 317 Armiger, qui multiplici literarum varietate et studio eruditus, Romance Histories auctor celebratus emicuit : de Uteris vero quantum meruit edita usque testabuntur opera. Ex vitd demigravit annorum plenus et vere pius vicesimo secundo die Julii Anno Domini 1763. Ad cineres patris sui pariter requiescit corpus filice dilectissimce J ana Maria Hooke, cujus anima pro- pitietur Deus. Sexagenaria obiit vicesimo octavo die Aprilis, Anno Domini 1793. Hoc pietatis signum poni voluit Fredericus Baro de Boston, 1801." Near the church is an extraordinary Yew-tree, which measures 27 feet in circumference. Hedsor House is situated on the northern extremity of that bold eleva tion of ground richly clothed with wood, which rises suddenly from the banks of the Thames, and presents, through the various openings of the foliage, the meandering course of the clear pellucid stream enlivened by the traffic of its numerous vessels and the level extent of a far distant country. The summit of the hill is formed into ornamental terraces, and the declivity towards the river is intersected by winding walks relieved by occasional seats so placed as to direct the visitor to the most interesting objects of the extended distance. This character will equally apply to the grounds of Cliefden and Taplow. Cliefden House is in the parish of Taplow. It was begun by George Villiers, second Duke of Buckingham, and completed by the Earl of Orkney, the brave associate of John, Duke of Marlborough, by whom it was obtained by purchase and in whose family it has remained ever since. Pope has finely commemorated the wretched end of the founder of this noble edifice; and as the lines at once refer to this spot and to its ill-fated convivial owner, their recital may not be thought misplaced. 318 " In the worst Inn's worst room, with mat half hung, The floors of plaister, and the walls of dung, On once a flock bed, but repaired with straw, With tape-tied curtains, never meant to draw, The George and Garter dangling from that bed, Where tawdry yellow strove with dirty red, Great Villiers lies. — Alas ! how changed from him, That life of pleasure, and that soul of whim ! Gallant and gay in Cliefden's proud alcove The bower of wanton Shrewsbury and love ; Or just as gay, at council, in a ring Of mimic statesmen, and their merry king ; No wit to flatter, left of all his store I No fool to laugh at, which he valued more. There victor of his health, of fortune, friends, And fame, this Lord of useless thousands ends." The central part of this once stately edifice was entirely destroyed by fire on the 20th of May 1795. The wings, in which are some consider able apartments having escaped the ravages of the flames, have been connected by a temporary colonnade, and are occupied by the present noble proprietor, the Countess of Orkney. By this lamentable catas trophe the valuable paintings which had adorned the principal apart ment were destroyed, but the fine tapestry hangings, representing the battles of John Duke of Marlborough, in which the Earl of Orkney had so great a share, were fortunately saved from the general devas tation. Colen Campbell has preserved in his Vitruvius Britannicus the plans and elevations of this magnificent edifice, as it was in his time, and we cannot give the description of it more satisfactorily than by quoting the architect's own words. X 319 " Cliefden House in Buckinghamshire, the seat of the Right Honorable the Earl of Orkney, was founded by the late Duke of Buckingham, but greatly improved and adorned by the present noble patron, who, after the dangerous fatigues of thirty campaigns, (forsan et hgec olim meminisse juvabit) with immortal honor to himself and country, has now the plea sure of this delightful retreat, Avhen the business of his King and country does not call for his service. I have made one single and two double plates. In the first is the general plan of the offices and first story ; the apartments are noble, richly furnished and commodious : here is one of the most considerable terraces in the kingdom, being 24 feet above the parterre, and is as high as the level of Windsor Castle, and is 433 feet long, adorned with a curious ballustrade of Portland stone : under the great court in front are arched corridores, that communicate from one side of the offices to the other : a thing of great use and conveniency : here is also a curious grotto, with a great number of large and spacious vaults, and many other subterraneous conveniences. The second and third stories contain many fine apartments magnificently furnished. The second plate is the chief front to the north, having the offices joined to the house, by corridores of the Ionic order, designed by Mr. Archer. The third plate is the south front, with the fore-named terrace ; which affords one of the most beautiful prospects in the kingdom." ' The general character of the grounds has been already described, but neither the pen nor the pencil can adequately convey the beauty of this scene. The view which accompanies this page is taken from a seat lately placed by the Countess of Orkney immediately above the woods which over shadow Cliefden Spring. This spring rises near the bottom of the hill ' It is gratifying to know that the House is now about to be rebuilt, and the plans prepared for that purpose by Mr. Shaw, promise to restore to this charming spot even more than its former magnificence. 320 and, falling over a rugged ledge, forms a small but beautiful cascade, from whence, murmuring over its pebbly bed, it adds its waters to the Thames. Poetry (says the author of the descriptive history of that river) would consider it as the crystal tribute of the dryads of the woods, paid to the Naiads of the stream. On proper application, permission is granted for parties to visit this delightful spot, an indulgence which cannot be too highly appreciated nor too gratefully acknowledged. Con siderable additions have lately been made to the banquetting room, on the model of the highly enriched pointed style of architecture of Henry VHth's Chapel, in Westminster Abbey. Taplow Court, the property and residence of the Marchioness of Thomond, ' is an ancient edifice and a very picturesque object on the southern point of the long range of woody hills which extend to Hedsor. The walks formed in the hanging woods, which are about and beneath it, are extensive, and, from buildings placed in commanding points or openings made to particular objects, the country is seen in various direc-. tions, and the circumstances of it selected into distinct pictures. There is an ancient oak in the Park, which tradition represents as having been planted by the Princess Elizabeth during her confinement here. In the parish church is the tomb of Sir Robert Manfeld and several other memo rials of that family, who were the former possessors of Cliefden. Anne, Countess of Orrery, whose beauty and virtues are displayed in the poetical works of her lord and his contemporaries, lies buried in this church. 1 This lady is niece to the late Sir Joshua Reynolds, the first president of the Royal Academy. The pre-eminent talent which he publicly employed, and the kindness and urbanity of his domestic life, will consecrate his name to distant time, and shed its lustre upon all even remotely connected with it. 321 Taplow Lodge is the seat of Patrick Crawfurd Bruce, Esq. It was originally built by Mrs. Thornhill, and afterwards much improved by Sir John Lade, who disposed of it to Mr. Fryer. By this gentleman, very considerable additions were made to the house and gardens. The grounds have lately been much improved by the present proprietor, and the green-house erected, in the upper part of the gardens, is a hand some object from the mansion and road. This erection is octagonal on the plan, with wings, the centre of the roof being supported by a massive Doric column, into which the flues are conveyed from the stoves necessary for heating the house. At Taplow are likewise the residences of Pascoe Grenfell, Esq., and Lord Riversdale. On the former of these, very considerable sums have lately been expended. The description of the country seats of the opulent will seldom admit of much variety. The general character and uses of the principal apartments are similar, and in the modes of decoration we can seldom expect any very decided variety. Here every attention has been given to take advantage of the natural shape of the ground on the exterior ; and in the interior, the principal rooms are handsomely connected by folding doors and elegantly furnished, Maidenhead. This market and corporate town is situated on the Berkshire side of the Thames, in the parishes of Bray and Cookham, and is a well-known thoroughfare on the road to Bath and Oxford. Its ancient name, according to Leland, was South Arlington, which Stow calls Sudlington : the former also remarks that, in his time, " it was neatly and well built." Camden derives its present name from the vene ration paid there to the head of some British virgin, whose virtues or miraculous powers, however, no legendary tale is known to record. The obvious derivation is from Maidenhithe or Magnehithe, a large haven or port or wharf, and by which title this place is distinguished 2S 322 in many ancient records. Leland also mentions that near the spot where the bridge now is, was a large wharf for timber. In the 14th century the passage over the river was higher up, but after a wooden bridge was built, about the time of Edward III., the place began to acquire some degree of consideration : to the repair of this bridge, the corporation of Maiden head were annually allowed a tree out of Windsor Forest. The present bridge is a handsome structure of stone, consisting of seven principal and six lesser arches : the central arch dividing the counties of Buck ingham and Berks. It was begun in the year 1772, under the direction of Sir Robert Taylor. This town was originally incorporated in the 26th year of Edward III. by the name of the Guild or Fraternity of the Brothers or Sisters of Maidenhithe, and after the reformation, by that of a warden and burgesses : but in the reign of James II., its municipal form was changed into that of High Steward, Mayor, and Aldermen. A handsome chapel stands near the entrance of the High Street ; and a Town Hall has some years since been erected for the business of the corporation. The Mayor, his predecessor in office, and the High Steward, are justices of the peace. The former is also clerk of the market, coroner, and judge of the town court, which is held once in three weeks. The market, granted by the charter of 1452, is still held on Wednesdays, being a considerable mart for corn. There are also three annual fairs. On the south side of the town is Ives Place, which was the family seat of that excellent man and indefatigable magistrate the late Portlock Peniston Powney, Esq., who some time represented the borough of New Windsor in parliament. It is now the property and residence of Thomas Wyatt, Esq. Between the town and the bridge is the pleasant villa of Sir Isaac Pocock, which commands the hills of Cliefden and Taplow, with their hanging woods and the river that reflects them. Bray. This village gives the name to a hundred which extends not beyond the parochial limits. It lies in the deanery of Reading, about 323 five miles from Windsor, and about a mile and a half from Maidenhead. The principal manor has been immemorially in the crown, and, of late years, let out on lease to private persons. The last lease was granted in 1771 to Charles Ambler Esq., an eminent lawyer, and one of his Majesty's counsel. Of him it was purchased by Lord Brudenell, after wards Earl of Cardigan, in trust for his Majesty. There is a very remark able custom in this manor, by which, in default of male heirs, lands are not divided among females of the same degree of kindred, but descend solely to the eldest. But Bray owes its chief celebrity to a story published by Fuller in his Worthies of England, who mentions an extraordinary versatility of disposition in a vicar of this parish, whom he represents as having conformed to every change of religion in the reigns of Henry VIII., Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth ; having governed himself by the determination that no change of religion should prevent him from living and dying Vicar of Bray. The well-known song on the subject brings down this event to a much later date : but whatever truth there may be in this tradition, the parochial records do not appear to confirm it. There is an alms-house in this parish, called Jesus Hospital, founded by William Goddard, Esq. in the year 1627, for forty poor persons, six of whom have an allowance of twelve shillings a week if married, and seven shillings if single; the remainder have two shillings a week. There is also a school for the education of 20 poor boys, founded by William Cherry, Esq. The principal monuments in the parish church are those of Sir William Paule, 1685, and William Norreys, Esq., usher of the Order of the Garter, 1592. There are also some memorials of the family of Hanger, &c. The parish was inclosed under an act of parliament passed in 1786, when the lands were not exonerated from tithes. Filberts is the name of a manor situated at Hollyport in this parish. The site of the manor house was formerly occupied by a mansion inhabited by Nell G wy nn, when she was a favorite of 324 Charles II. The present building is a square and spacious mansion, with embattled turrets on the angles. It was built by Mr. Fuller. At Braywick is Cannon Hill, the seat of James Law, Esq.: the grounds are disposed with great taste, and the views peculiarly picturesque. Bray wick Lodge, the seat of T. Slack, Esq., adjoins the former, and commands from the eminence on which it is seated, a various and luxuriant prospect. Bud's Place, the handsome residence of Captain Windsor, is in the same hamlet. Hollyport is also a part of the parish of Bray, which contains the seats of Mr. Hayes, Lord Lindores, and Doctor Tren chard. Monkey Island is in the middle of the river near this place. This pretty spot was purchased and decorated for the enjoyment of fishing IH .-Sm Drawn hi Jtun&j Haker, ri '^l-i?->i/c€^y,-- -^Z*U:t- >?-*:£ 325 parties, by the late Duke of Marlborough. Upon it he erected two pavilions or banqueting rooms, and it derives its name from the orna mental embellishment of one of them, the walls of which are painted with monkies dressed like men, in all the diversities of human occupation.1 The ceiling and cornice are ornamented with aquatic plants and flowers. The other building is fitted up as a saloon, and is decorated with a profusion of plaister mouldings richly gilt. It has had several successive owners since the present Duke of Marlborough disposed of it ; and was latterly the property of Mr. Townley Ward, of the Willows, near Clewer, lately deceased, who bequeathed it with other property to P. C. Bruce, Esq., of Taplow. Down place, the residence of Henry Harford, Esq., is situated on the Berkshire side of the river, immediately opposite to Dorney Court, the seat of Sir Charles Palmer, Bart., in the county of Bucks, which has been already described. The first tenant of this place, and long before it had attained its present extent and improvement, was Jacob Tonson, the bookseller, a name connected with that constellation of wit and genius, which illuminated the early part of the last century. Here it is under stood that the Kit Kat Club was first suggested and here its members occasionally enjoyed " the feast of Reason and the flow of soul." The celebrated collection of portraits of the early members of it, enriched the walls of the apartments, and the recollection still gives an interest to the spot. These pictures, with other literary curiosities, are now in the possession of William Baker, Esq., of Bayfordbury, in Hertfordshire. ' In the palace of Chantilly are several rooms painted with representations of monkeys in various occupations. They are the lowest in the building ; and almost the only part which has escaped the destruction of revolutionary fury. These apartments were formerly occupied by the late unfortunate Due D'Enghien. The idea of representing monkies engaged in the employments of men, has frequently been indulged in, by the painters of humorous subjects ; and Teniers would have rendered the fame of his pencil immortal, even were his pictures of those subjects only, preserved to our times. 326 Mr. Stephenson, who succeeded Mr. Tonson at Down Place, began those improvements, which his successor, the Duke of Argyll, continued : but the principal alterations in the house and grounds were unsparingly made by Mr. Barker Church, who disposed of it to its present proprietor. This gentleman has likewise expended considerable sums upon additions to the house, which must, however, be said to present in the river front, rather too great a mixture of the architecture of different periods. Boveney chapel, on the opposite side of the river, has already been mentioned. At a small distance nearer Windsor, and on the same bank of the Thames, is The Willows, the very pleasant villa of the late Mr. Townley Ward, but now the property of P. C. Bruce, Esq. A moorish swamp, formerly covered with osiers, has been drained and converted into a beautiful lawn, and the pleasure grounds are connected by a subterraneous passage with a small farm called Bullocks Hatch, which was also his property. Clewer, with its rural spire, now forms a sylvan foreground to the proud scenery beyond it. It is a village in the hundred of Ripplesmere, and deanery of Reading, and lies about a mile west of Windsor, but the parish extends into that town, and comprises a considerable part of it. The manor of Clewer was granted in 1257, to Matthew Besil. It was afterwards in the Cifrewasts, an ancient family which became extinct in the male line about the year 1450. Thomas Lord Sandys gave this manor to King Edward VI. in 1548. It is now the property of Arthur Vansittart Esq., in whose family it has been for nearly a century. This parish includes also the manors of Clewer Brocas, and Didworth, which are the property of the Hon. Mrs. Keppel, widow of the Bishop of Exeter, having been bequeathed to her by her father, Sir Edward Walpole, K. B. who purchased them of Topham Beauclerk, Esq. In the church are memorials of the family of Hayes, of Holyport. Some indifferent verses 327 on a brass plate commemorate Martin Expence, a famous archer, who shot a match against a hundred men, near Bray. Windsor Castle now breaks upon us in all its grandeur. The view, which accompanies this page, was taken in Brockhurst Meadow, and near the clump of trees, which forms a prominent object from the North Terrace. Passing onwards under Windsor Bridge,and along the edge of the playing fields of Eton College, the turn of the river presents the view of the north front of the castle, which has been selected for the frontispiece of this volume. Datchet is a village in the hundred and deanery of Burnham. It lies on the banks of the Thames, two miles from Eton College. The manor was granted by King Edward III. in 1335 to William de Montacute, who the same year conveyed it to Sir John Molins, and after various successive owners, it is become the property of the Duchess of Buccleugh, by inheritance, from John Duke of Montagu, who purchased it in the year 1742. In the parish church is the monument of Katherine, wife of Sir Maurice Berkley, daughter of Lord Mountjoy ; that of Christopher Barker, printer to Queen Elizabeth, who died in 1607, and several of the family of Wheeler. The bridge over the Thames at this place was J'tam, lyj FLlj^mU 7-.ufr.Li.it ~ti- RW.-hruvt. ^^t-eyu> if _r2 l/f/#(A,y/>. l<9/0 328 built by Queen Anne, but fell down in the year 1795. From that time, a ferry has been constantly established here at a very heavy annual expense, but the spirited exertions of John Richards, Esq., having compelled the counties of Berks and Bucks to reinstate the bridge, it was opened for public use in the early part of January 1812. The piers of the old bridge have been again used. Ditton Park in this parish is the sole property of the Duchess dowager of Buccleugh, and previous to its late destruction by fire, was the residence of her second son Lord Montagu. In the time of James I. we find Ditton in the possession of Sir Ralph Winwood, principal secretary of state ; whose daughter, Ann, married Edward Lord Mon tagu, of Boughton, in Northamptonshire, and became possessed of Ditton in right of his wife. It then went to their son Ralph, afterwards created Duke of Montagu, and from him it descended to his son John Duke of Montagu, who leaving two daughters, Isabella and Mary, it became their joint property. Isabella married first William Montagu, the second Duke of Manchester, and secondly, Sir Edward Hussey, K. B. created after his marriage Earl of Beaulieu. Mary married George Earl of Cardigan, afterwards created Duke of Montagu. On the death of these two daughters and their respective husbands, Ditton became the joint property of the late Duke and present Duchess Dowager of Buccleugh, the duchess being the only daughter of George Duke of Montagu, Lord and Lady Beaulieu dying without children. The house at Ditton Park was entirely consumed by fire, on the night of the 28th of April 1812. No lives were lost, and a considerable part of the furniture was saved : in the library was hung a portrait of Sir Ralph Winwood, which was also preserved. The walls of the old house were so much damaged that it was found necessary to pull them down, and preparations are now making for building a new house on the spot. Ditton is a hamlet of XC r^ 7n \ X.-I 329 Stoke Poges, with a chapel of ease. The manor was held with that of Stoke Poges by the families of Molines, Hungerford, and Hastings. The house, which was thus unfortunately destroyed, was spacious and convenient, but possessed no other claim to notice. It had been enlarged at various periods by additions to the ancient tower, which is shown in the accompanying vignette, and which is supposed to have been erected by Sir John de Molines, about the time of Edward III. or Richard II.: as we find that, in the reign of the former of those kings, he bought the manors of Datchett and Fulmere from William de Montacute, and, in 1396, obtained liberty from the king to fortify his manor houses of Stoke Poges and Ditton with walls of stone kernelled. The park is flat, but possesses some fine timber. The house and pleasure grounds were surrounded by a moat, and the accompanying plate presents the view of the entrance to the principal court. Old Windsor is a small village on the banks of the Thames, about two miles from New Windsor. It is in the hundred of Ripplesmere, and deanery of Reading, and was in ancient times a place of considerable =="" fitvV'1 330 consequence, as has been described in an early part of this work. It is now principally known for the variety of country residences and elegant villas which it contains. In the parish church, among other memorials of lesser interest, are the monuments of Penyston Powney, Esq., who died in 1758, and his son, Penyston Portlock Powney, the last of the family, who died in 1794 ; both of whom represented the borough of New Windsor, in several parliaments. In the church-yard lies interred Mrs. Mary Robinson, the beautiful and unfortunate Perdita, whose talents will be admired in those works which were the offspring of them, long after her fine form shall have mouldered into dust, and her errors have been forgotten. We shall avail ourselves of the kind permission of our very worthy friend, the author of the following lines, and describe by his pen those nicer touches of beauty and interest, which this sequestered spot possesses, and which poetry only can adequately convey. LINES WRITTEN ON OLD WINDSOR CHURCH-YARD. BY THE REV. WILLIAM WARRINGTON, Vicar. A Bard, who tasted ne'er Castalia?i spring, Nor soar'd advent'rous on Parnassus hill, Invokes each Dryad, of these sylvan shades, Each fairy Naiad, of the limpid Thames : And Clio, tliou, attune his unstrung lyre, Teach it with soft, melodious sounds to swell, Pensive, and varied as Molian tones ; Cast o'er his soul, thine energy divine, Like Cowper, moral, and like Gray, inspir'd, To sing, in numbers plaintive as the theme, The chasten'd beauties of this solemn scene. Drawn by J.JJ tLkzwiZb. JEn^rav'd, 7t W 3. Coclcc. /f,)/y( 7/- 1CJ & \J1 LI1C w - 92 315 24 Gloucester, Duke of Gloucester, Duchess of 138 ib. "¦¦ "" X lie JL. Hal Evington, William ,. _ . ¦ Ernie, Sir John - . 40,41 Goodman, Godfrey - - 16 Eton, description of _ . 206 Goodall, Dr. - - 216 first charter - . 207 Goodall, Dr. Joseph - - 153 • early foundation - - ib. Grace, Mr. - - 45 ¦ procession ad montem - 208 Graham, James, Esq. - - 17 college buildings - - 211 Graham, Richard, Esq. - - ib. Chapel - - 212 Graham, Mrs. Macauley - - 289 Library, benefactions to - - 213 Gray, Mr., anecdotes of - - 241 Playing fields - - 214 Great Park - - 75 College establishment . - 216 Gregory, Mrs. Mary - - 32 Eton, New Free School - add .349 Grenville, Lord - - 272 Evans, Mr. - - 216 Grove House - - 332 F. Fairs held at Windsor - - 44 Farington, R. Esq. - - 32 Fern Hill - - 282 Fits, Sir Thomas - - 17 Fitzwilliams, William, monument of - 143 Fitzgerald, William Thomas. Lines on an ancient yew at Ankerwyke - 334 Foote, Topham, Esq. - - 19 Foot ... - - 21 Foster, Dr. . - ib. Fox, Honorable Mrs. . . 307 Fox, Right Honorable C. J. - - 308 Forest, Windsor - . 80 Forest Farm - - 294 Francis, Mr. . - 153 Franklin, Henry - - 26 Free School, Windsor - - It i. 36 Friend, Dr. _ - 20 Friend, Dr. John _ . 273 Frogmore House - - 299 G. Gallis, Richard Gallis, Richard 25 27 H. Hale Hale, Dr. Hale, Dr. Richard Halford, Sir H. Hanson, Mr. Harvey, David, Esq. Hatch, Mr. Hatch, Thomas, Esq. Harford, H. Esq. Hastings Chapel Heaver, Dr. John Heath, Dr. Heath, Dr. George Heath, Dr. George Heath, Rev. Mr. Heather, Mr. Heberden, Dr. HedsorHenry VI., monument of Henry VIII. Henry VIII., will of Heme's Oak Herschel, Dr. Hexter, Mr. W. Higgons, Sir Thomas Hooke, Nathaniel Holly Grove House Hopkins, Elizabeth Horton, village of Howman, Rev. A. Edward 21 2531 345 45 222 45 153 325 140 27 216216 153 216 153 21 316 135 136 100 74 218 216 40 316280 34 334 153 356 Huntred, William Huntsmore Lodge Harrington, Earl of Harcourt, Earl Harewood^ Earl Harrison, Sir Richard Harvey, Sir Robert Bateson Iver Iver Church Ingram, Sir Arthur Irby, Hon. Mr. Isherwood, Henry, Esq. Isherwood, H. Esq. Jarman, Elizabeth Jarman, Charles Jenkinson, Thomas Jenner, M r. Jones, Dr. Jordan, Mrs. Barbara K. Laleham Larde, William Laud's, Archbishop, charity Laud's, Archbishop, charity Laud, Archbishop Langford, Dr. William Langford, Lord Langford, Dr. Langley, manor of Page 25 229 66 283 218 39 222 224229 39 275 24 332 353225 453031 Keate, Rev. Dr. - 216 Keppel, Hon. Mrs. - 326 Kingwood Lodge - 305 King, Oliver, monument of - 138 Kit cat club - 325 Knight, Mr. - 45 Knapp, Rev. Mr. - 216 338 26 302827 153 305 216 224 Page Lauderdale, Earl of, discharged from Windsor Castle - - - 51 Lascelles, William, Esq. - 218 Layton, Mr. - 45 Leake, J. M., Esq. - - - 333 Legge, Hon. and very Rev. Edward - 35 Lewis, Rev. D. C. - - - 153 Leinster, Duke, title of - 44 Lenthall, Sir John - - - 50 Lindsey, Earl of, discharged from Wind sor Castle - - - - 51 Lincoln Chapel, description of - 137 Litton - - - - 21 Long Story - - 245 Long, Rev. William - - - 153 Lowther, Mrs. - - - 32 Lower Ward - - - - 52 M. Maidenhead Magna Charta Magna Charta Island Marsham, Hon. and Rev. May, Sir Algernon May, Baptist, Esq. Marratt, John, Esq. Marratt, Webb Mawby, Sir Joseph M'BeanMead, Dr. Mead, Dr. Metcalfe, Sir T. Meystnor, Mr. Metcalfe, Mrs. Elizabeth Miller, Mr. Millns Milton, early years of Milton Place Military Hospital, Windsor Monkey Island Montagu, Lord Moore, A., Esq. Mountjoy, Lord N. Needham, Thomas Nelson, John Wood, Esq. - 321 - 33(5 - ib. - 153 42 - 4232 - 33 - 309 45 20 44 - 283 - 17 - 30 - 153 45 - 334 - 307 - 46 - 324 - 328 - 216 - 43 52 218 357 New Commons Norden's, John, Survey North Terrace Northey, Rev. Edward Pa^e 105 825 '2 153 O. Popham, Sir Home Powle, Henry, Esq. Powney, John, Esq. G. Esq. Pope, early account of Porter, Sir Charles — Mr. John Prince George of Denmark, statue of Pye, Henry James, Esq. Pyle, Mr. George Page - 309 - 41 40, 41 - 306 - 288 - 42 - 31 - 19 - 244 31 Oatlands - Officers of honor Old Windsor Manor House Oldfield, Richard, Esq. Olave, strange family of Orkney, Countess of Order of the Garter, institution of the various accounts of its origin first knights first installation insignia of succession of Knights Osborne, Mrs. Margaret O.xenbridge Chapel 341 66 332 43 45 319 154155157 159 161 164 29 138 Q. Queen Anne, statue of Queen Jane Seymour 18 138 R. Palmer, Sir Charles Harcomb Parker, Mrs. Mary Parker, Mr. Parker, Samuel Panton, James, Esq. Paget, Thomas, Esq. Parliament, present members of Parliament, returns to Paper Mill, Horton Painted Windows Paule, James, Esq. Penn, John, Esq. Pelling Place Phippes, John Phillips, Mr. Pigott, Dr. Foster Plassey House Plimley, Rev. Henry Plumptree, Rev. Mr. Plymouth, Earl, title of Poor Knights Randue, Theodore, Esq. - 17. 25. monument of 276 Ramsbottom, John, Esq. 30 Reeve, Sir Thomas - - 20, 45 Richard, Esq. 32 Mrs. Arabella 33 Lord Chief Justice - 25. 19 Reynolds, Sir Joshua 43 Ripley, H. Esq. 37 Richings Lodge 333 Ridley, Francis, Esq. 129 Riversdale, Lord 1 7 Roberts, Rev. Mr. 23 1 Rev. Dr. 302 Robinson, Sir John 26 Roffey, Mr. 45 Roper, Rev. F. 216 Round tower and Little Park 290 Runnymede . 35 Rupert, Prince 216 Rutter, Thomas 43 Rutland Chapel 150 Ryder, Hon. and Rev. Henry 27 . 30 - 142 - 43 21 . 44 17 . 28 31 31 . 44 - 320 - 32 - 225 - 28 - 321 - 216 - ibid. - 27 - 216 - 153 - 66 - 336 - 50 - 32 - 140 - 153 358 T. Salmon, Mr. - - Sanders, Mrs. - Sandpit gate - - - - Schutz, Aug., Esq. - Sexton, Mr. - - Sefton, Earl of Seeker, John, Esq. ... Sellwood Park - - Sharman, Joseph - Shreddings Green - Simson, George, Esq. Sinclair, Lord, discharged from Windsor Castle - - Slough - Smith, Mr. - - Snowden, Mr. - - Somerset, Duke of — Duchess of Southcot, Sir George Squire, Miss - - - State Apartments, and account of the pictures, Windsor Castle Staines - - Starkey - - Starkey, Samuel, Esq. Stanhope, Hon. Lincoln St. George's Chapel, description of ¦ endowments of interior of present establishment of Stoke Place Farm - Poges ¦ Parish Church • House described . Pictures flower garden described St. Leonard's Hill St. Alban's, Duke of St. Anne's Hill Stopford, Hon. and Rev. R. B. Sunning Hill Park Suffolk, Duke of Surry, Lord, and poems of Sumner, Rev. Mr. Sullivap, Right Hon. John Swinley Lodge Page 153 ibid. 294 310 153 271 45 310 35 229310 51 218 153 45 220225 20 294 53 337 21 1 66 87 109127 153 270271 230 217254 258260283 37 307 153 309 311 143 66 216 225293 40, 4 Taplow Court Taplow Lodge Tebbott, Mr. Tew, Rev. Mr. Thackeray, Rev. Mr. Thorp - Thomas, Mr. Thompson, Dr. Giles, monument of Thomson, John Thomond, Marchioness of Theatre, Windsor Titnes - - Townshend, Hon. Georgiana Topham Richard, Esq. - 25. 30, Tomb House, Windsor Castle Towers, Charles, Esq. Travers, Samuel, Esq. Turner, Sir I. C. V. Venn, Colonel Vernon, John, Esq. Voules, Mr. Vyse, Richard Howard, Esq. - 320 - 321 - 45 - 216 - ibid. - 307 - 45 - 143 - 25 - 320 - 47 - 309 - 66 21 31. 44 - 106 - 229 - 43 - 271 50 310 40 270 U. Urswich Chapel Urmston, Mrs. Agnes Upton Church Court 141 27 217 ibid. 218 W. Wade, Dr. William, monument of - 142 Walsh, Sir J. B. - - - 290 359 Walsingham, Lord Warfuld - - Warrington, Rev. William Webbe, Rev. R. Welch, Peter Mr. West, Mr. Windsor, Borough of i Domesday survey of Etymology of Earliest notice of Charter of Edward I. Henry VI. Edward IV. Henry VII. Henry VIII. Edward VI. Charles II. James II. 1 Arthur, Esq. Castle, early history extent Old - - • — Verses on the Church Yard Page 332 290330 153 17 153 . 16 1 2 ibid. 7 ibid.ibid. 8 ibid. ibid. 9- 1211 26 48 ibid. 329 330 Wilson, Griffin, Esq. Page Wilcox, Mr. - - - 17 William of Wyckham - - 49 Winkfield - - - 291 Park formerly Folycion Park - ibid. Winwood, Richard, Esq. - - 40, 41 Willows - - - - 326 Wyckham, William de, appointed Clerk of the works at St. George's Chapel - 91 Wortley, Sir Richard, monument of - 143 Woodside House - - - 333 Wren, Sir Christopher - - 42, 43 Wyrardsbury - 334 Wyatt, R. Esq. - - - 307 Y. Yew Tree, remarkable - - 335 York, H. R. H. Duke of - 45. 341 Yonge, Mr. • - - - 216 Young, Sir William - - - 229 lonnon : Printed by A. J, VALPY, tooke's court, chancery lane. 1813. YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY L 9002 03 98 2300 ' ... ¦ . ¦ ¦ . 1C ¦¦¦'