YALE UNIVERSITY
LIBRARY

wm n if m hea^ mm castle.
A SEAT OF THE RIGHT HOITf* THE FAME. OF LOJfSJIALE K.G. F S.A.
S. Jefferson, Carlisle 1842

THE

©igtorg antr gCntitiuitit&

OF

ALLEKDALE WARD,
ABOVE DERWENT,
IN THE COUNTY OP CUMBEELAND:
WITH
l3togvapt)tcal &otite* an» jHemotrsu
BY
SAMUEL JEFFERSON,
AUTHOR OF "THE HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES OP LEATH WARD," "THE
HISTORY OF CARLISLE," &C.

iflluBtrateO tottfi numerous plates aim iEngrabings

CABLISLE:
S. JEFFEESON, 34, SCOTCH-STEEET.
LONDON: J. B.NICHOLS AND SON,25,PARLIAMENT-STREET,
AND WHITTAKER AND CO., 13, AVE-MARIA-LANE.
NEWCASTLE: E. CHARNLEY.
M DCCC XLII.

B

2L

TO THE RIGHT HONORABLE
aaailUam, iEarl of HonsrtraU, It*®* dF&.&»
VISCOUNT AND BARON LOWTHER, OF WHITEHAVEN,
AND A BARONET,
LORD LIEUTENANT OF THE COUNTIES OF CUMBERLAND AND
WESTMORLAND, &c, &c., &c.
THIS VOLUME,
BY HIS LORDSHIP'S GRACIOUS PERMISSION,
IS MOST RESPECTFULLY DEDICATED
BY HIS LORDSHIP'S VERY OBEDIENT AND HUMBLE SERVANT,
S. JEFFERSON.

PREFACE.
In presenting to the Public the second Volume
of this History of Cumberland, I can refer with
some degree of pleasure to the additional in
formation it contains, now first published, respect
ing the Ward of Allerdale above Derwent. At the
same time, I cannot but express my regret that,
from the circumstance of that Ward being in the
diocese of Chester, there are few MS S. in the library
of theDEAN and Chapter of Carlisle, which con
tain any thing illustrative of the civil or ecclesiasti
cal history of that portion ofthe county. In reply
to my application to ascertain if there were any
MSS. preserved at Chester, I was informed that
there are none in the Chapter library there,
which relate to this portion of the diocese.
Allerdale Ward above Derwent being the only
division of this county which is not in the diocese
of Carlisle,* no such difficulty will occur in col
lecting materials for the future volumes. The
library of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle
is rich in MSS.f relating to the other portions of
the county : and from them a mass of original
and highly interesting information may be col
lected. The account of this Ward in Nicolson and
Burn's History of Cumberland and Westmorland
* Excepting one or two parishes and chapelries in Derwent Ward.
t See Catalogue ofthe MSS., Leath Ward, p. vi.

VI PREFACE.
is exceedingly meagre and brief, (even more so
than that of the other parts of the county,) some
of the parishes not occupying a page. The
second volume containing Cumberland, is much
inferior to the first (Westmorland), which is
usually attributed to Dr. Burn, the learned chan
cellor of the diocese.
In the year 1840, a new division of the county
was made by the magistrates, which, after recon
sideration, and with a few unimportant changes,
was enrolled and settled in June, 1841. — This
History of Cumberland is, therefore, the only
one based on the present division of the county
into six Wards.
To the churches and the ecclesiastical affairs
I have paid more particular attention than any
"of my predecessors ; but I have not succeeded
in obtaining any thing approaching to a perfect
list of the Incumbents of each parish, although
application was made to the register office at
Chester. Many of the Clergy have assisted me
in this and in other respects ; but still the result
is by no means satisfactory. The Messrs.
Lysons give no list of the Incumbents of any of
the parishes. Nicolson and Burn's History,
while.it contains lists for the other parishes, has
none for those in Allerdale Ward above Derwent :
and that History of Cumberland which bears Mr.
Hutchinson's name, contains very imperfect lists
for some parishes ; and for others, none at all.
To the politeness of the Clergy, I have been
much indebted in these researches: and have
now the pleasure of expressing my obligations
to the Rev. Andrew Hudleston, D.D., incumbent
of the chapel of St. Nicholas, Whitehaven ; the

preface. vu
Rev. Robert Pedder Buddicom, M.A., F.A.S.,
Principal of St. Bees College, and incumbent
of the parish of St. Bees ; the Rev. Thomas
Dalton, incumbent of the chapel of the Holy
Trinity, Whitehaven; the Rev. George Wil
kinson, B.D., incumbent of the parish of
Arlecdon ; the Rev. Alexander Scott, M.A.,
rector of Bootle ; the Rev. Henry Low-
ther, M.A., rector of Distington ; the Rev.
Joseph Gilbanks, rector of Lamplugh ; the Rev.
Francis Ford Pinder, M.A., rector of Gosforth ;
the Rev. Peter von Essen, B.A., rector of Har
rington ; the Rev. Fletcher Woodhouse, rector
of Moresby; the Rev. William Henry Leech,
rector of Egremont ; the Rev. Henry Pickthall,
B.A., vicar of Millom ; the Rev. John Grice, in
cumbent of Drigg and Irton ; the Rev. Joseph
Taylor, B.A., curate of Muncaster ; the Rev.
John Bragg, curate of Whicham ; the Rev.
Jeremiah Walker, incumbent of Ulpha ; &c.
To the Right Hon. William, Earl of Lons
dale, K.G., F.S.A., I am deeply indebted for
permission to dedicate the work to his lordship.
I beg also to express my gratitude, for the loan
of books, to the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle,
to the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle-on-
Tyne, to Henry Denton, Esq. of Lincolns Inn, and
John Bell, Esq., of Gateshead. For much val
uable information respecting St. Bees, I am in
debted to the Rev. George C. Tomlinson, F.A.S.,
Chaplain to the Marquis of Huntley ; and for
assistance in various parts of the volume, to the
Rev. John Lingard, D.D., Bernard Gilpin,
Esq., of Ulverston, Miles Ponsonby, Esq., of
Hale Hall, Richard Taylor, Esq., Ravenglass,

vm preface.
Mr. William Dickinson, North Mosses, Mr.
John Gibson, Whitehaven, Mr. Isaac Clements,
B.A., Drigg, Mr. Robert Abraham, of Liverpool,
and many other Gentlemen, whose polite atten
tion I have great pleasure in thus acknowledg
ing. S. J.
Carlisle, October, 1841.

SUBSCRIBERS.

NOTICE.
The other Wards ofthe county of Cumberland yet remaining to be pub
lished, in completion of the present work, are —
Allerdale below Derwent.
Cumberland Ward.
Eskdale Ward.
Derwent Ward.*
Title-pages will be given for binding the series as a complete History of
Cumberland. Those Gentlemen who intend to subscribe lor the whole work,
but have hitherto neglected to express such intention, will oblige by sending in
their names to S. Jefferson, Carlisle, or Nichols and Son, and Wiiy taker
and Co., London, or any Bookseller in the county.
* This ig a newly-formed Ward, comprising portions of Alierdale above and Allerdale below,
as anciently divided. The whole ofthe Wards of the county have been lately remodelled, excepting
Leath Ward, 'which remains unaltered. \

Mr. HettfyTfraggrwnrtenaverr. 
Joseph Brayton, Esq., Black-Cock, near Whitehaven.
Robert Brisco, Esq., Low-Mill House.
John Trotter Brockett, Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Thomas Brocklebank, Esq., Liverpool, largo, paper.
Mr. William Brough, Harrington.
Mr. Jeremiah Brown, Harraby Green, Carlisle.
The Rev. John Brunt, Incumbent of Cleator.
Mr. George Buckham, Whitehaven.
The Rev. Robert P. Buddicom, M.A., F.A.S., Principal of St Bees
College, and Incumbent ofthe parish of St. Bees.
Isaac Burns, Esq., Whitehaven. b

SUBSCRIBERS.

His Grace the Duke of Devonshire, K.G., large paper.
The Right Hon the Earl of Carlisle, K.G, F.R.S., large paper.
The Right Hon. the Earl of Lonsdale, K.G., F.S.A., Two large paper
The Right Hon. Baron Lowther, F.R.S., F.S.A., large paper.
The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Durham, large paper.
The Hon. and Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of Carlisle, large paper.
The Honorable Charles W. G. Howard, M.P., largepaper.
Sir George Musgrave, Bart. Edenhall, One large paper, Two small paper.
The Dowager Lady Musgrave, Leamington, large paper.
The Worshipful the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle, large paper.
The Venerable the Archdeacon of Carlisle.
The Society of Antiquaries, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, largepaper.
Thomas Ainsworth, Esq, Flosh, near Cleator.
Mr. John Airey, Keswick.
William Armstrong, M.D., M.R.C.S.L., &c.
The Rev. Joseph Askew, M.A., Whitehaven.
Mr. William Barclay, York.
John Barwise, Esq., Granby Row, Whitehaven.
J. A. Beck, Esq., Esthwaite Lodge, Hawkshead.
Mr. William R. Beck, London, large paper.
James Bell, Esq., Whitehaven.
Messrs. Joseph and John Bell, Whitehaven.
Mr. Edward Bell, Whitehaven.
Mr. Daniel Bell, South-Castle-street, Liverpool.
Mr. Joseph Benn, Whitehaven.
Robert Benson, Esq. Cockermouth.
Mr. John Birley, Whitehaven.
Mr. Thomas Blain, London.
Lancelot Bouch, Esq., Workington.
Mr. Henry Bragg, Whitehaven.
Joseph Brayton, Esq., Black-Cock, near Whitehaven.
Robert Brisco, Esq., Low-Mill House.
John Trotter Brockett, Esq., Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
Thomas Brocklebank, Esq., Liverpool, large paper.
Mr. William Brough, Harrington.
Mr. Jeremiah Brown, Harraby Green, Carlisle.
The Rev. John Brunt, Incumbent of Cleator.
Mr. George Buckham, Whitehaven.
The Rev. Robert P. Buddicom, M.A., F.A.S., Principal of St. Bees
College, and Incumbent of the parish of St, Bees.
Isaac Burns, Esq., Whitehaven. b

X SUBSCRIBERS.
The Rev. Thomas Caddy, Incumbent of Whitbeck.
William Carruthers, Esq. Solicitor, Carlisle, large paper.
Mr. Emerson Charnley, Newcastle-upon-Tyne.
The Rev. Matthew Chester, incumbent of St. Helen's, Auckland,
Durham.
Mr. Joseph Clarke, Warwick-Bridge.
Mr. Isaac Clements, B.A., Drigg.
Mr. Joseph Collins, Coleman-street, London.
Bernard Gilpin Cooper, Esq., Hazel Grove, Stockport.
Mr. William Cormick, Whitehaven.
W. B. Curwen, Esq., Workington-hall.
Richard Cust, Esq., Carlisle.
The Rev. Anthony Dalzell, Close End, near Workington.
Mr. Isaac Dalzell, Whitehaven.
The Rev. Thomas Dalton, Incumbent of Holy Trinity, Whitehaven.
Henry Denton, Esq., 6, Lincolns Inn, London.
The Rev. C. Jones Denton, East Walton Vicarage, Norfolk.
John Dickinson, Esq., Red How, Lamplugh.
Joseph Dickinson, Esq., M.D., F.L.S., Great George's Square, Liver
pool.
Mr. William Dickinson, Mosses, near Whitehaven.
W. L. Dickinson, Esq., Workington.
Mr. John Dixon, Whitehaven.
Thomas Dixon, Esq., New York, largepaper.
Mr. William Dixon, Workington.
Mr. Stephen Dodd, Whitehaven.
Mr. James Dornan, Whitehaven.
Mr. George Edger, Carlisle.
Mr- John Faulder, Unthank.
Mr. Jonathan Fell, Workington.
Mr. Daniel Fidler, Coekermouth.
William Fisher, sen., Esq., Liverpool.
William Fisher, junr., Esq., Workington, large paper.
Mr. Peter Fisher, Parton, near Whitehaven.
Mr. James Fitzsimons, Whitehaven.
Mrs. Forrester, Whitehaven.
Mr. Ralph Forster, Corkicle, near Whitehaven.
Mr. John Gibson, Post Office,- Whitehaven.
Joseph Gillbanks, Esq., Whitefield House.
The Rev. Joseph Gilbanks, Rectory, Lamplugh.
Bernard Gilpin, Esq. Ulverston.
The Rev. Samuel J. Goodenough, M.A., Prebendary of Carlisle
Thomas Henry Graham, Esq., Edmond Castle, largepaper.
The Rev. John Grice, Incumbent of Drigg and Irton.
Mr. John Guy, Green Hill Academy, Whitehaven.
Mr. William Haige, Winscales, near Workington.
The Rev. Amos Hall, M.A., Hensingham.
E. H. Hare, Esq. Workington.

SUBSCRIBERS. XI
Mr. Harris, Cockermouth,
Mr. Thomas Hams, Carlisle.
John Harrison, Esq., Whitehaven.
George Harrison, Esq., Linethwaite, near Whitehaven.
Mr. David Harkness, Workington.
John Hartley, Esq., Moresby House, near Whitehaven.
Thomas Hartley, Esq., Gillfoot, near Whitehaven.
John Hobson, Esq., Lonsdale-place, Whitehaven.
Mrs. Hodgson, North-end, Burgh-upon-Sands.
Mr. Isaac Hodgson, Millom Castle.
Christopher Holliday, Esq., Seaton.
Philip H. Howard, Esq., M.P. Corby Castle.
Henry Howard, Esq., Greystoke Castle.
Mr. Robert Howe, Whitehaven.
Mr. John B. Howe, Carlisle.
The Rev. Andrew Hudleston, D.D,, Whitehaven.
William Hughes, Esq., F.R.G.S., Professor of Geography in the
College of Civil Engineers, London.
Peter Hurd, Esq., Workington.
Samuel Irton, Esq. M.P., Irton Hall, largepaper.
Thomas Irwin, Esq., Calder Abbey.
Mr. Daniel Jackson, Whitehaven.
The Rev. R. Jackson, B.A., Wreay.
Joseph Jackson, Esq., Calva, Workington.
The Rev. William Jackson, M.A., Incumbent of St. John's Chapel,
Workington.
Mr. Thomas Jackson, Seaton Mill.
Mr. T. Elgar Jefferson, Ulverston, large paper.
W. M. Johnston, Esq., Harrington.
Mr. C. King, Cheapside, London.
Mr. James Kirkconel, Post Office, Workington.
Thomas Langhorn, Esq., Lairbeck, near Keswick, largepaper.
Richard Law, Esq., Carlisle, large paper.
Mr. William Ledger, Whitehaven.
The Rev. T. B. Levy, M.A., Kirkby-Thore, largepaper.
The Rev. George Lewthwaite, B.D., Rector of Adel, near Leeds.
Isaac Littledale, Esq , Whitehaven, large paper.
The Rev. Henry Lowther, M.A., Rector of Distington.
William Lumb, Esq., Fox-houses, Whitehaven, large paper.
Mr. Duncan M'Alpin, Blackhall.
Mr. M' Farlane, Whitehaven.
Mr. E.. R. M' Gaa, Workington,
Mr. Charles Magee, Whitehaven.
Mrs. M ' Knight, Whitehaven, large paper.
M. Heron Maxwell, Esq., St Bees.
William Miller, Esq., Whitehaven.
Joseph Miller, Esq , Whitehaven.
Mr. E. Murdaunt, Browtop, Workington.
Mr. Isaac Mossop, Whitehaven.
b 2

Xll SUBSCRIBERS.
Mr. William Newton, Woodside, Cheshire.
Mr. Richard Nicholson, Liverpool.
William F. Nicholson, Esq., Cartgate, near Whitehaven.
Mr. Nimmo, Whitehaven.
John Norman, Esq., Excise Office, London.
William Patrickson, Esq., Crosby-on-Eden.
John Peile, Esq., Somerset House, Whitehaven.
Mr. John J. Peile, Whitehaven.
Williamson Peile, Esq., Whitehaven, large paper.
Captain Rowland Pennington, Whitehaven.
Mr. William Perry, Royal Bank Buildings, Liverpool.
Wilson Perry, Esq., Whitehaven.
The Rev Henry Pickthall, B.A., Vicar of Millom.
The Rev. Francis Ford Pinder, M.A., Rectory, Gosforth.
John Ponsonby, Esq., Whitehaven.
Miles Ponsonby, Esq , Hale Hall.
W. J. Postlethwaite, Esq., Whitehaven.
J. B. Postlethwaite, Esq., Solicitor, Whitehaven.
Robert Postlethwaite, Esq., The Oaks, Millom.
William Postlethwaite, Esq , Banker, Ulverston.
Mr. William Postlethwaite, Whitehaven.
Isaac Powe, Esq., Waterloo-terrace, Whitehaven.
William Randleson, Esq., Croft Hill, near Whitehaven.
Mr. John Roan, Whitehaven.
Mr. John Robinson, Whitehaven.
Mr. William Rodgerson, St. James's street, Liverpool.
Mr. Thomas Rome, Rockliff.
Mr. Joseph Rooke, Cheetham, Manchester, largepaper.
John Roper, Esq., Calder Cottage, Calder-Bridge.
Mr. George Routledge, London.
Mr. Henry Routledge, Baldock, Herts. ,
The Rev. Edward Salkeld, M.A., Vicar of Aspatria.
Henry Salkeld, Esq., Stainburn.
Mr. Thomas Sanderson, Workington.
Mr. Thomas Sanderson, 39, Paternoster-Row, London, large paper.
Mr. John Sawer, Breckonhill.
The Rev. Alexander Scott, M.A., Rectory, Bootle.
Mr. John Scott, Trinity CoUege, Dublin.
Captain Isaac Scott, junr., Browtop, Workington.
Sampson Senhouse, Esq., Parsonage, Ponsonby, largepaper.
Humphrey Senhouse, Esq., Fitz, Cockermouth.
The Rev. John Shackley, St, John's, Micklegate, York, large paper.
George Sibson, Esq., Solicitor, Carlisle.
Captain Jonathan Sim, Whitehaven.
William Slack, Esq., Anns Hill, Cockermouth, large paper.
William Smith, Esq., Hensingham.
Mr. John Russell Smith, London.
Mr. Edward Smith, Harbour-master, Workington.
Mr. William Sowerby, Aldersgate-street, London.
John Spencer, Esq., Whitehaven.
Mr. Joseph Stamper, Solicitor, Cockermouth.

SUBSCRIBERS. Xlll

Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P., Ponsonby Hall, largepaper.
Major Steel, St. Helens, Cockermouth.
John Steel, Esq., Solicitor, Cockermouth.
Anthony Benn Steward, Esq., Whitehaven.
Mr. John Borrowdale Steward, Whitehaven.
Mr George Stockdale, London.
The Rev. Joseph Taylor, B.A. Curate of Muncaster.
Charles Thompson, Esq., Workington.
Isaac Thompson, Esq., Workington.
John Thompson, Esq. Kelswick House, near Whitehaven.
Major Tolson, F.S.A., United Service Club.
The Rev. G. C. Tomlinson, F.S.A. &c, Staughton Rectory, Hunts.
Mr. John Tomlinson, Whitehaven.
Mr. William Todd, Whitehaven.
W. B. D. D. TurnbuU, Esq., F.R.S.E., Secretary to the Camden
Society.
Mr. Joseph Turner, Whitehaven.
Mr. James Turner, Low House, near Whitehaven.
The Rev. John Vicars, Incumbent of Hale.
Mr. John Waldie, Harraby Green, Carlisle.
James Robertson Walker, Esq., Gilgarron, High-sheriff of the county-
Mr. John Walker, Market-place, Whitehaven.
The Rev. William Walton, M.A., F.R.S., AUenheads.
The Rev. John Watson, Incumbent of Cumrew.
Mr. George Watson, Whitehaven.
Richard Watts, Esq., Clifton House, large paper.
Mr. Wattleworth, Whitehaven.
William Whitehead, Esq., Ribton House, Whitehaven.
The Rev. Robert Whitehead, M.A., Incumbent Minister cf St. John's
chapel, Hensingham.
Robert Grose Whitehead, Esq., Hensingham.
Richard Whiteside, Esq., Chapel House, Hensingham.
Mr. Thomas Williamson, Whitehaven.
Mr. William Wilson, Whitehaven.
Mr. Jonathan Wilson, Birk-bank, Cockermouth.
The Rev. Fletcher Woodhouse, Rector of Moresby,
Mr. William Yeates, Whitehaven.

ADDITIONAL SUBSCRIBERS.
J. H. Attwood, Esq. Troughton House, near Whitehaven.
Mr. William Burnyeat, Whitehaven.
The Rev. Robert Coulthard, M.A. Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford.
Mr. Dickinson, Kidburngill, near Whitehaven.
John Douglas, Esq. Crofts, near Whitehaven.
William Dowson, Esq., Rock Ferry, Liverpool.
Mr. John Wilson Fletcher, Greysouthen.
The Rev. John Fox, D.D. Provost of Queen's College, Oxford, large
paper.
Henry O. Huthwaite, Esq., Solicitor, Maryport.
W. B. Jones, Esq. Beech Cottage, Grasmere.
Mr. Kinnebrook, Artist, Whitehaven.
Mr. Thomas Mandell, Distington.
John Nicholson, Esq. Nether Stainton.
Captain Henry Pearce, Whitehaven.
Charles Rawson, Esq., Wasdale Hall, largepaper.
Captain William Robinson, Liverpool.
Mrs. Scott, William-street, Workington, large paper.
Humphrey Senhouse, Esq., Netherhall, two copies, large paper.
The Rev. William Singleton, Drigg Hall, near Irton.
Colonel Spedding, Ingwell, near Whitehaven, two copies, large paper.
Edward Tyson, Esq., Solicitor, Maryport.
The Rev. J. Wilson, Crozier Lodge, Carlisle.

CONTENTS.

Introduction ....
Church Livings, and Population of each Parish
The Parish of Harrington
The Parish of St. John, Beckermet
The Parish of Egremont
The Parish of Cleator
The Parish of Hale
The Parish of Moresby .
The Parish of Arlecdon .
The Parish of Distington
The Parish of Lamplugh
The Parish of Waberthwaite
The Parish of Corney
The Parish of Whicham
The Parish of Drigg
The Parish of Whitbeck
The Parish of Bootle
The Parish of Millom
The Parish of Irton
The Parish of Muncaster
The Parish of Workington
The Parish of Ponsonby
The Parish of Gosforth
The Parish of St. Bridget, Beckermet
The Parish of St. Bees
Appendix
Additions and Corrections
Index of Monuments and Epitaphs .
Index of Persons
Index of Places and Subjects

Page 1
4
5—14
15—2021—50
51—5455—57
58-7071—7576—81
82—91
92—9495—97
98—103
104—114
115—123 124-144
145—192193—208
209—238239—277
278—294295—303
304—325 326—434
435—446

LIST OF ENGRAVINGS.
Whitehaven Castle, a Seat ofthe Earl of Lonsdale, K.G. Frontispiece.
Cross in Irton Church-yard . . . Page 207 220
321331 ib.
349 359
370

The Church of Muncaster
Calder Abbey ....
The Arms of Archbishop Grindal, on a bridge at St. Bees
Cross in the Church-yard of St. Bees
The Priory of St. Bees
Lowther Street, Whitehaven
Arms of the Right Hon. the Earl of Lonsdale, K.G. .

THE

OF
CUMBERLAND :
SHBitJj litograpfjiral Notice anti jfHemoirg.
BY
SAMUEL JEFFERSON,
AUTHOR OF "THE HISTORY AHD ANTIQUITIES OF CARLISLE," &C.

lillustratctt toitlj numerous ^latrs aurj ISngtabings.

VOL. IL— ALLERDALE WARD ABOVE DERWENT.

C AELISLE:
S. JEFFERSON, 34, SCOTCH-STREET.
LONDON: J. B.NICHOLS AND SON, 25, PARL I AMENT-STREET,
AND WHITTAKER AND CO., 13, AVE-MARIA-LANE.
NEWCASTLE: E. CHARNLEY.
MDCCC XLII.

THE

ffli&toxy atttr &ntt<*tttifeg

OF

CUMBERLAND :
212attf) iSiograptjtcal &otite& antx itumotrs.
BY
SAMUEL JEFFERSON,
AUTHOR OF "THE BISTORT AND ANTIQUITIES OP CARLISLE," &C.

Ellustratelr toiflj numerous plates anlr ISngrabmgs.

VOL. I.— LEATH WARD.

CARLISLE:
S. JEFFERSON, 34, SCOTCH-STREET.
LONDON: J. B.NICHOLS AND SON,25,PARLIAMENT-STREET,
AND WHITTAKER AND CO., 13, AVE-MARIA-LANE.
NEWCASTLE: E. CHARNLEY.
M DCCC XL.

THE
HISTORY AND ANTIQUITIES
or
ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
JEntrofcutttott. HE Ward of Allerdale
above Derwent comprises
the south-western portion
of the county of Cumber
land, extending along the
coast from Workington to
Millom. Its length from
north to south is 35 miles,
and its greatest breadth
about 15 miles. It is
bounded on the south, by the Duddon, which di
vides it from Lancashire; on the west, by the Irish
Sea ; on the north, by the Derwent, which divides
it from Derwent Ward ; and on the east, by
Derwent Ward and Lancashire. It forms part
of the deanery of Copeland, in the archdeaconry
of Richmond and diocese of Chester.
This ward is watered by the Derwent, the
A

2 INTRODUCTION.
Duddon, the Esk,* the Calder, the Bleng, the
Ehen or Enn, the Irt, and the Mite.
The Ward of Allerdale above Derwent, until
lately, included the whole ofthe barony of Cope
land, now called Egremont, and the honor of
Cockermouth, and was given to William de
Meschines,f Earl of Cambridge, by his elder
brother,* Ranulph, Earl of Chester, who had
received a grant of the county from William the
Conqueror. At this time, the barony was
bounded by the Derwent, the Duddon, and the
Irish Sea ; but " so much of the same as lieth
between the rivers of Cocker and Derwent,"
William de Meschines re-granted to Waldieve,
Lord of Allerdale, son of Gospatrick, Earl of
Dunbar, with the honor of Cockermouth and the
lordship of "the five towns above Cocker" —
Brigham, Dean, Eaglesfield, Braithwaite, and
Greysouthen. William de Meschines built his baronial castle
at Egremont, and changed the name ofthe barony
from Copeland to Egremont. All lands which
he or his successors, lords of Copeland, granted
within the barony, were to be holden of the
castle of Egremont. William de Meschines gave
Workington, Salter, Kelton, and Stockhow, to
Ketel, son of Eldred, son of Ivo de Talebois,
¦ baron of Kendal ; the manors of Beckermet, Fris-
ington, Rotington, Weddicar, and Arlecdon, to
 Fleming ; Kirkby Begog (St. Bees) to the
* There is another river of this name in the northern part of the
county, which gives name to Eskdale Ward.
t The re-founder of the monastery of Kirkby Begog or St. Bees.
« By some authorities, Ranulph de Meschines is said to have been the
father of William.

INTRODUCTION. 3
abbey of St. Mary, at York ; Mulcaster to an
ancestor of the Penningtons ; Drigg and Carleton,
to .... Stuteville ; Millom, to Godard Boyvill ;
and Stainton, Bolton, Gosforth, and Hale, to
Thomas Multon of Gilsland. Further particulars
respecting this barony may be found under the
account of the parish of Egremont, in a subse
quent part of this volume.
By a recent division of the county, which oc
curred in 1840, the Ward of Allerdale above
Derwent has been deprived of the parishes of
Brigham (including the borough of Cockermouth)
and Dean, the parochial chapelries of Lorton
and Loweswater, and the townships of Great and
Little Clifton, in the parish of Workington ; all
of which are now included in the newly-created
Ward of Derwent. The parishes now retained
in the Ward of Allerdale above, are enumerated
in the following table : —

A 2

TABLE OF PARISHES, CHURCH LIVINGS, AND POPULATION, OF ALLERDALE WARD,
ABOVE DERWENT.

PARISH.

CHURCH LIVING.

NET
VALUE .

PATRON.

POPULATION.

16S8

1801

1811

1821

1 1831

Arlecdon

Perpetual Curacy

94

The Bishop of Chester.

430

354

438

478

475

Bootle

Rectory

525*

The Earl of Lonsdale

555

547

602

656

737

Cleator

Perpetual Curacy

77

T. R. G. Braddyll, Esq.

330

362

571

818

487

Corney

Rectory

140

The Earl of Lonsdale

480

222

231

289

292

Distington

Rectory

301*

The Earl of Lonsdale

410

721

910

988

960

Drigg

Perpetual Curacy

88

Samuel Irton, Esq., M.P.

560

367

"373

433

432

Egremont

Rectory '

249*

General Wyndham

1410

1515

1556

1741

1741

Gosforth

Rectory

85*

Sir H. F. Senhouse, K.C.H.

630

652

6S5

888

935

Hale

Perpetual Curacy

82

The Earl of Lonsdale

430

220

247

249

272

Harrington

Rectory

250*

Henry Curwen, Esq.

485

1357

1621

1845

1758

Irton

Perpetual Curacy

96

Samuel Irton, Esq., M.P.

515

466

490

566

531

Lamplugh

Rectory

256*

John Lamplugh L. Raper, Esq.

710

535

532

661

624

Millom

Vicarage

189*

Ch : of Duchy of Lancaster

900

1502

1625

1815

2037

Moresby

Rectory

105

The Earl of Lonsdale

545

731

881

934

983

Muncaster

Perpetual Curacy

97

Lord Muncaster

620

248

591

555

657

Ponsonby

Perpetual Curacy

113*

Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P.

375

78

147

150

180

St. Bees

Perpetual Curacy

103

The Earl of Lonsdale

3345

13246

16520

19969

20013

St. Bridget's, Beckermet

Perpetual Curacy

87

H. Gaitskell, Esq.

485

490

469

545

574

St. John's, Beckermet

Perpetual Curacy

57

H. Gaitskell, Esq.

430

328

391

549

397

Waberthwaite

Rectory

131*

Lord Muncaster

375

122

114

138

139

Whicham

Rectory

243*

The Earl of Lonsdale

445

235

261

301

285

Whitbeck

Perpetual Curacy

76*

The Earl of Lonsdale

435

180

191

221

234

Workington

Rectory

966*

Henry Curwen, Esq.

945

6440

6533

7188

7196

* The pet annual value is on an average of three years, ending, Dec. 31, 1831, as certified to the Commissioners respecting Ecclesiastical Revenues An asterisk(*l
denotes that there is a glebe-house fit for residence. The various Chapelries, and the names of the Incumbents of the above Parishes, are given under each Parish.

€$e ©ariaf) of Hjatrtngtou.

|HIS parish, formerly spell-
led Haveringham or Ha~
\verington, was the inheri
tance of, and gave name
to, the ancient and baroni
al family of Harrington :
jit extends about two miles
and a half along the sea-
coast, and is about one
mile in breadth. It ad
joins the parishes of Workington and Distington.
The commons, which formed the greater part of
this parish, were enclosed about the year 1770,
and it still retains a bare appearance from its
want of trees.

The Manor,

Soon after the Conquest, this manor was grant
ed, with Workington, to the Talebois family,
barons of Kendal in Westmorland, and was holden
as a fee of Workington : but at an early period
it passed to the family of Harrington, of which
house there were several branches, — of Beaumont,
in Cumberland ; of Witherslack,in Westmorland ;
of Aldingham, in Furness, Lancashire ; of Rid-
lington, co. Rutland, Baronets ; and the Barons
Harrington of Exton.

6 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT,
The eldest branch of this family were lords of
Harrington ; one of whom married the heiress of
Seaton, in the parish of Cammerton, below Der
went, and therefore confirmed Flemingby or
Flimby to the abbey of St. Mary, Holme Cultram ;
but her grandfather, surviving her, gave the lord
ship to her uncle Patric de Culwen.
Philip and Mary, by letters-patent, bearing
date in the third and fourth of their reign, grant
ed to Henry Curwen, Esquire, all that demesne
and manor of Haverington with the appurtenances
in the county of Cumberland, late parcel of the
possessions of Henry duke of Suffolk convicted
and attainted of high treason ; and also all and
every messuages, mills, houses, buildings, tofts,
cottages, barns, stables, dove-cotes, gardens,
orchards, pools, ponds, lands, tenements, meadows,
pastures, feedings, commons, ways, wastes, furze,
heath, moors, mosses, rents, reversions, and ser
vices reserved upon any grants or leases ; and
also fee farm rents, knights' fees, wardships, mar
riage, escheats, reliefs, heriots, fines, amercia
ments, courts leet, view of frankpledge, profits,
waifs, estrays, bondmen, villeins with their fol
lowers ; and all rights, commodities, emoluments,
and hereditaments whatsoever, with the appur
tenances, situate, lying, and being in Harrington
in the said county of Cumberland and elsewhere
to the said manor belonging ; and all woods and
underwoods of, in, and upon the premises grow
ing and being, and the land, ground, and soil
thereof. The same being of the yearly value of
18/. 14s. 8d. (Except all advowsons of livings.) 
To hold to the said Henry Curwen, his heirs and
assigns, of the king and queen and the heirs and

PARISH OF HARRINGTON. 7
successors of the queen in capite, by the 40th
part of one knight's fee, for all rents, services,
and demands.
Henry Curwen, Esq., of Workington Hall, is
the present lord of the manor and patron of the
rectory of Harrington. The demesne is within
the inclosure of Workington park.
Harrington of Harrington.*
Arms : — Sable, a fret argent.
 de Harrington married the heiress of 
Seaton, in the parish of Cammerton, below Derwent ; she
died in the life-time of her grandfather, Thomas, son of
Gospatrick. Robert de Harrington, in the reign of Edward I., married
the heiress of Cancefield, Agnes, sister and heir of William,
son of Richard de Cancefield, who married Alice, sister and
heir of Sir Michael le Fleming, son of William, son of the
first Sir Michael le Fleming, of Beckermet, knight. He had
a son and heir,
John de Harrington, knight, first baron by writ, who was
summoned to parliament from 30th December, 1324, (18th
Edward II.) to 13th November, 1345, (21st Edward III.)
in the early writs he is called " Johanni de Haveriugton".
His eldest son, Robert, married Elizabeth, one of the three
sisters and coheiresses of John de Multon of Egremont, and
died in the life-time of his father, leaving John, son and heir,
his successor.
John de Harrington was summoned to parliament in 1348
and 1349, and died in 1363, leaving issue, a son and heir.
Sir Robert de Harrington, knight, son and heir of John,
received the honor of knighthood at the coronation of
* Of this family, H. Harrington, M.D., Alderman ofthe city of Bath,
the editor of Nugce Antiquoe, who died in 1816, was a descendant. The
short but significant motto, nodofirmo, and the fret, from them denomin
ated the Harrington knot, have served to grace the assumptive arms of
many modern shields.

8 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT,
Richard II., and was summoned to parliament from 1st
Richard II., 1377, until his death in 1405. He married
Isabel, daughter and coheiress of Sir Nigel Loring, knight
of the most noble order of the garter, by whom he had issue,
Sir John de Harrington, knight, son and heir, died with
out issue, in 1418*.
Sir William de Harrington, knight, brother and heir, was
summoned to parliament from 1421 to 1439. He married
Margaret, daughter of Sir Robert Nevil of Hornby, knight,
by whom he had issue a daughter, Elizabeth, who married
William, Lord Bonville ; by this marriage she carried into
that family the accumulated estates of Harrington, Fleming,
and Cancefield, a third part of the great estate of
Multon, and a moiety of that of Loring. Sir William was
summoned to parliament from 1421 to 1439, and died in
1457, without male issue, leaving his grandson his next heir,
who became Baron Harrington, jure matris.
William, Lord Bonville, and (jure matris) Baron Harring
ton, married Catherine, daughter of Richard Nevill, Earl
of Salisbury, (see vol. i. Leath Ward, p. 70), who was slain
at the battle of Wakefield, in 1460. The Yorkists, on whose
side he fought, prevailing soon after, his estates were not
confiscated. He left an only daughter,
Cecily, who married, firstly, Thomas Grey, first Marquess
of Dorset, K.G,, by whom she had issue ; and, secondly,
Henry Stafford, Earl of Wiltshire, who died s.jp.
Thomas Grey, second Marquess of Dorset, K.G., son and
heir ofthe above, married Margaret, daughter of Sir Robert
Wotton, knight, and died in the 22nd Henry VIII., 1530,
leaving issue,
Henry Grey, third Marquess of Dorset, K.G. created
* The name of Robert de Harington occurs regularly in the Sum
monses to parliament from 1st Richard II. (1377,) to 3rd September
4th Henry V. (1417 ;) but as Robert, the last baron died in 1405, and as
John Baron Harington is stated in the Rolls of parliament to have been
present on the 22nd December, 8th Henry IV. (1406,) it may be infer
red that all the Writs after the 7th Henry IV. were directed to this Baron
and that tho Christian came of Robert on the Rolls after that year was
an error. — Nicolas.

PARISH OP HARRINGTON. 9
Duke of Suffolk, 1551 ; and Lord High Constable, 1547.
He married Frances, daughter and coheiress of Charles
Brandon, Duke of Suffolk, by Mary queen-dowager of France,
and sister of Henry VIII. ; by whom he had three daughters,
Jane, Katherine, and Mary. The lady Jane Grey, his eldest
daughter, was proclaimed queen of England, on the death of
Edward VI., and was soon after beheaded. Herfather also,
for countenancing this honor, so unwillingly " thrust upon"
her, was attainted and beheaded in 1554, when the demesne
and manor of Harrington, with other of his estates, became
forfeited to the crown.

The Church
Was given, with that of Workington, to the
abbey of St. Mary, York, by Ketel, son of Eldred,
son of Ivo de Talebois.
After the dissolution of religious houses, Henry
VIII. by letters-patent, bearing date, August 20,
in the 36th year of his reign, (1544), granted to
Robert Brokelsbye and John Dyer, the advowson
and right of patronage of the churches of Hav-
erington and Workington ; to hold of the king
in free socage by fealty only, and not in capite.
On the 27th January, 1545, they conveyed by
fine those two rectories to Thomas Dalston, of
the city of Carlisle, Esquire.
On the 12th of October, in the 6th of Eliza
beth, (1564,) there was a licence of alienation to
John Dalston, Esq., to convey the advowson and
right of patronage ofthe churches of Haverington
and Workington, parcel of the late monastery of
St. Mary, York, to Henry Curwen, Esq., in
whose posterity they have since remained. But
in 1721, the lord of the manor being a Roman
Catholic, the university of Cambridge presented
the Rev. Charles Richardson to the rectory.

10

ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.

In the Ecclesiastical Survey, 26th Henry VIII,
the rectory is thus valued : —
Hav'ingham Hector1 EccVie.
Nich'us Cowerson incumbens Rector' p'dca.

valet in
Mansione cum gleba per ,
annu.
Decim' garbas. iiijJ. feni
ixs. pisciu. marinos. ij*.
Ian' et agnell' iijs. ixd.[
minut' et privat' decim'
cum oblac' ut in libro'
paschal' xlvs. xd. In tot'

Repris' vis. in
Sinod' xiijd. procurac' ij*. iijd.

£ s. d.

>vy — vy

£

s.

d.

^vij

X

vij

£

s.

d.

£

s.

7

vij

xiiij viij ob' q'

Et valet clare
Xma. ps. inde

In the King's Books the benefice is valued at
11. 7s. 3JJ. : and it was certified to the governors
of Queen Anne's bounty at 37£ ; viz. glebe, 8/. ;
all tithes belonging to the rectory, 25 1. ; prescrip
tion for Mr. Curwen's demesne^ 21. ; Easter dues
and surplice fees, 21.
List of Rectors.
 Nicholas Cowerson, occurs 1535.
 .... Hudson, occurs c. 1642.
1661 R. Chr. Mattinson.
1662 Jeremiah Topping.
1690 John Proctor*
1695 Thomas Orfeur.
1721 Charles Richardson.
1724 Charles Richardson,

* Presented by the Duke of Somerset.

PARISH OP HARRINGTON. 11
1734 Charles Noble.
1753 Darcey Otley, M.A., ob. 1780.
1780 John Bird.
1785 Joseph Adderton.
1795 Peter How, M.A*
1817 William Curwen.
1823 John Curwen, ob. 1840.
1840 Peter Von Essen, B.A.
The church of Harrington, dedicated to St.
. . . ., is picturesquely situated closely adjoining
the rectory-house, on an eminence overlooking the
green knolls by which the port is surrounded.
It consists of a nave and chancel, with a square
tower at its western end, and a vestry on the
north side of the nave. The nave, which is low
and narrow, is lighted by windows of modern in
sertion. The entrance is from the west, under
the tower ; and the step is an ancient grave-stone
on which is visible part of a cross-floree. The
chancel is a modern addition, built in 1811, and
is both loftier and of greater breadth than the
nave : it has a large eastern window of three
lights. The pulpit is here placed, having been
removed from its former situation on the enlarge
ment of the church. The tower contains one
bell with the date 1670.
A plain slab on the floor of the nave bears the
following inscription : —
In Memory of
The Rev. DARCY OTLEY, M.A,
Rector of Harrington, who died
the 15th of September 1780,
aged 53 years.

* Died rector of Workington, 1834.
B 2

12 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
On the south wall of the nave is a marble
tablet, inscribed Sacred to the Memory of
Mr. JAMES KEY,
who departed this life November the 23rd 1822,
aged 77 years,
and of ANN, his wife,
who died January the 25th, 1829,
aged 76 years,
In fulfilment of whose last wishes, this Tablet
is erected, by her Executors.
Near the above are three plain black slabs on
the wall with these inscriptions : —
Mr. ROBERT BANNISTER died June 30th, 1734, aged 82 years.
MARY ye Wife of Robert Bannister died October ye 27th 1752 aged
82yrs MARY ye Daughter of Robert and Mary Bannister died the 9'h June
1737 aged 31 years.
On the north side of the church-yard, near the
rectory-house, under an old thorn, (a spot selected
by himself,) is a tomb-stone surrounded with iron
rails, bearing this inscription : —
Sacred
to the Memory of
The Rev. JOHN CURWEN,
Rector of Harrington for sixteen
years, and also Rector of Plumbland ;
youngest son of
John Christian Curwen, Esq.
of Workington Hall,
M.P. for the county of Cumberland,-
who departed this life Feb. 24th, 1840,
aged 40 years.
Also of
JOHN CHRISTIAN CURWEN,
his infant son,
who died March the 3rd, 1828,
aged three months.

PARISH OF HARRINGTON. , 13
In the churchward near the west end, is a
grave-stone bearing an inscription for William
Sanderson, who " was dark at Harrington, church
62 years."
At the east end are several inscriptions to the
memory of different^ members of the family of
Crosthwaite ; and on the north side to' the M'
Gaas. The Port of Harrington
Is situated at the mouth of a rivulet called the
Wyre, two miles and a half south of Workington,
and five miles north of Whitehaven. The first
quay here was built by Henry Curwen, Esq.,
grandfather to the present lord of the manor ;
and his son, John Christian Curwen, Esq., M.P.,
improved the harbour at considerable expense.
" In 1760 there was not one house here, nor one
ship belonging to the port." About the year 1794,
there were nearly sixty vessels belonging to
Harrington, averaging 100 tons burthen. In
1828, the number of vessels was stated to be
forty-three, of an agregate burthen equal to
5,479 tons. The number in 1840 was 44, and
their burthen about 6000 tons.
The principal trade is in exporting lime to
Scotland, and coals to Ireland : the former is
brought from the adjoining parish of Distington ;
and the latter are raised in this parish from the
mines of Henry Curwen, Esq.
Near the harbour are two yards for ship-build
ing, a ropery, and a manufactory of copperas and
vitriol. Iron-stone has been formerly got here, above

14 allerdale ward, above derwent.
the seams of coal ; and about 2000 tons were
for many years annually exported to Scotland
and Wales.
The school-house at Harrington was built in
18.. by John Christian Curwen, Esq. The
school has no endowment.

€$t If attef) of £t DotliT.

IHE parish of St. John,
I Beckermet, or Becker-
I mont, is bounded by the
[parishes of St. Bridget,
St. Bees, Hale, and Egre
mont. It extends rather
more than three miles
from east to west, and
from the north to south
about one mile and a half.
Carleton-moor and Grange-brow, in this parish,
were enclosed under an act of parliament passed
in 1813. This parish contains the south-eastern
suburbs ofthe town of Egremont, and a part of
the village of Beckermet, as divided by the Kirk-
beck. Wotobank, near the village of Beckermet, is
the seat of Mrs. Hartley. The name is derived
by traditionary etymology from — Woe to this
bank. The legend is as follows : — a lord of the
manor, with his lady and servants, were one day
hunting a wolf, and in the ardour ofthe chase the
lady was lost. After a long search and heart-rending
suspense, her body was found lying on the bank,
slain by a wolf, who was then in the act of tear-*
ing her to pieces. In the first transports of his
grief, the distracted husband cried — "Woe to
this bank." This tragedy is the ground-work of

16 allerdale ward, above derwent,
a long poem, by Mrs. Cowley, called " Edwina ;"
which is contained in Hutchinson's Cumberland.
The Manor of Little Beckermet,
Thus designated to distinguish it from the manor
of Great Beckermet in the adjoining parish of
St. Bridget, has been for several centuries held
by the Flemings, of Rydal hall, Westmorland, as
demesne of the barony of Egremont. The
possessors and land-tenants of Rotington, Frising-
ton, Arlecdon, and Weddicar, held their lands as
fees of Beckermet. Lady le Fleming, of Rydal
hall, is the present possessor of this manor.
The Church.
The church of St. John was given by the
Flemings to the abbey of St. Mary, at Calder ;
and in the year 1262, on the petition ofthe abbot
and convent, it was totally appropriated to that
house. They represented in that petition to
Godfrey de Ludham, archbishop of York, " that
although they had the right of patronage in the
churches of St. John Baptist of Beckermet, and
of St. Michael in Arlekden, yet by reason of the
importunity of great men, and provisions of the
benefices, they had not free liberty to present unto
the same ; and therein, where they obliged one
great man they disobliged many more; they
therefore request, that the archbishop would take
such order therein, as may be more beneficial to
the said abbot and convent, and also to the arch
deacon of Richmond, to whom the sequestration
of, and institution to vacant benefices doth belong,

PARISH OF ST. JOHN. 17
and the collation thereof for various causes may
appertain : Therefore the said archbishop grants
to the said abbot and convent, that the church
of St. John of Beckermet, which is nigh to the
house of Calder, and contiguous to their parish
of St. Bridget, shall, after the death or cession of
William the then rector, be converted and per
petually remain to their own use, for the increase
of their alms, and better sustentation of the con
vent : And that the archdeacon of Richmond may
not be prejudiced thereby in his right to seques
trations, institutions, and collations, he grants in
recompence thereof, that the church of Arlekden,
after the death or cession of Alan the then incum
bent, shall be perpetually annexed to the arch
deaconry, and converted to the use of the arch
deacon, so that he may have a house in Coupland
unto which he may resort, when he or his officials
go into those parts, through bogs, and floods,
and various tempests, to discharge their ecclesi
astical function."*
In this, as in many other cases, the church of
St. John was served by the monks of that religious
house to which its revenues had been appropriated.
But on the dissolution of religious houses, the
cupidity of Henry VIII. who had seized on their
revenues, would not allow him to restore them to
the churches, which were then left totally desti
tute, proving the truth of that expression of the
single-minded and pious Roman Cathohc bishop,
John Fisher, (with reference to Henry VIII.)
that " it is not so much the good, as the goods of
the church, that is looked after."
* Nicolson and Burn.
C

18 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
By this act of injustice the churches of St.
John and St. Bridget were so impoverished, that
they have been until 1841, supplied by the same
curate, who officiated in each alternately. In the
time of Bishop Bridgman, who held the see of
Chester from 1619 to 1657, these two paiishes
paid synodals and procurations jointly ; but since
that time, in consequence of their poverty, they
have paid nothing.
In the year 1702, a curate was nominated to
the two parishes, by Richard Patrickson, Esq;
In 1767, Henry Todd, Esq. was the impropriator
and patron ; and in 1828, the curacy was in the
impropriation and patronage of the Rev. Henry
John Todd, F.S.A. rector of Settrington, co.
York, and chaplain in ordinary to his majesty.
The patronage was sold about the year 18. . to
Henry Gaitskell, Esq. the present impropriator
and patron. The living was certified to the
governors of Queen Ann's bounty at 11. per
annum. The Rev. Anthony Dixon is the present
incumbent, and the resident curate is the Rev.
John Sheffield.
The old church, which was taken down about
thirty years ago, had a south porch ; it was not
pewed, and was seated with forms.
The present church dedicated to St. John
Baptist, is a small, neat, ivy-covered edifice, re
built about 1810. It is beautifully situated on
the side of a hill near the Kirkbeck, and near the
junction of the parishes of St. John, St. Bridget,
and Hale. It consists of a nave and chancel,
with a west porch, over which is a bell-turret
carrying two bells, and a vestry on the north
side of the chancel. The porch is entered by a,

PARISH OF ST. JOHN. 19
pointed arch, preserved from the old church, en
riched by a triangular canopy, ornamented with
crockets, terminating in two heads, all much
mutilated, and the finial is lost. The church is
lighted by sash windows ; the font is placed im
mediately in front of the reading-desk. On the
east end of the chancel are the remains of a cross
preserved from the old church. A grave-stone
with a cross and sword, in good preservation, but
with no inscription, is built into the north wall
of the porch.
On the east wall of the chancel is a marble
monument with this inscription : —
Sacred to the memory of
JOHN RICHARDSON of Carleton Lodge, Esq.
Who died the 10th day of May, 1811, aged 26 years.
His remains were interred at
St. Nicholas's Chapel, Whitehaven.
He bequeathed, by will, the interest of one hundred pounds, to be
distributed annually on Easter Day, to such poor inhabitants of this
parish as do not receive any benefit from the poor rates.
His widow, Jane Richardson, (in grateful tribute to hia memory)
caused this monument to be erected.
Near the above is another mural monument
inscribed — To the memory
of ELIZABETH and ISABEL TODD,
daughters of the late Mr. Henry Todd,
of St. Bees, gentleman ;
who were impropriators of this parish,
and whose remains are interred
in the church of St. Bees.
Eliz. died June 14, 1811, aged 83.
Isab. died May 6, 1808,
aged 79.
On the south wall of the nave is a marble
c 2

20 ALLERDALE WARD], ABOVE DERWENT.
monument to the memory of the widow of the
above John Richardson Esq*, hearing this, in
scription: — Sacred.
• To the Memory of
JANE BIRLET .
late of Carleton Lodgo,
¦who died on the 6th day of September,
1833, agedf forty-seven years.
Her remains were interred at
St. Nicholas's Chapel, Whitehaven.
She bequeathed by her will, the interest of
fifty pounds, tp be distributed, annually, on
Easter Day, to such poor inhabitants of this
parish as do not receive any benefit
from the poor rates.
Charities.
Mr. John Richardson, of Carleton, in this
parish, who died in 1811, bequeathed the interest
of 100/. to be distributed annually at Easter,
among the poor of this parish who do not receive
parochial relief.
Mrs. Jane Birley, who had been left a widow
by the above Mr. Richardson, left by will, in
1833, the interest of 50/. to be distributed
annually on Easter-day, to the poor ofthe parish
who do not receive parochial relief.

Wtte Cartel) of ISfltremotit
S bounded by the parishes of
j St. Bees, Cleator, Hale, and St.
John Beckermet,and the chapel-
ry of Ennerdale. The whole
parish is included in one town
ship of its own name. It ex
pends about three miles from
north to south, and two and a
half from east to west. The
Messrs. Lysons state that of the
parishioners buried here from 1805 to 1814, one
in ten were aged from 80 to 89 inclusive, and
about one in fifty-eight were aged from 90 to 99
inclusive. The parish is traversed by the road
from Whitehaven to Ulverston, and is watered
by the Ehen and some other small streams.
In this parish are two iron-stone mines worked
by Anthony Hill, Esq. and the Messrs. Lindows.
The ore is shipped at Whitehaven, and is chiefly
sent to Cardiff and Newport, in Wales. Lime
stone also is plentiful in the parish, and there are
some quarries of red free-stone.
The common called Cowfield, on which each
of the burgesses had a right of pasturage for a
cow, is now enclosed : it was sold by mutual
consent. It is stated in Hutchinson's Cumberland that
there were then (1794) remaining near the town>.
several tumuli, particularly one of loose stones,

22 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
forty paces in circumference : not far from it was a
circle of large stones, ten in number, forming an
area of sixty paces in circumference, without any
elevation of ground.
On the north side of the town near a field
called Gibbet-holme, on the Langhorn estate,
several skeletons have been found at various
times. Egremont
Formerly a borough, is an ancient market-town,
situated on the west or right bank of the Ehen,
over which there is a modern bridge of two arches.
It is nearly six miles north-east of Whitehaven,
and within three miles of the Irish Sea. It was
anciently the principal town in the barony of
Copeland or Egremont, and Ward of Allerdale
above Derwent, and still retains marks of its an
tiquity and of its former importance as the baro
nial seat and residence of the lords of that great
barony. This ancient borough presents a strange
contrast to the neighbouring town of Whitehaven;
—for while the latter, of a modern date, has arisen
to opulence and commercial importance; the
former, if it have not retrograded, has remained
nearly stationary.
About the reign of King John, Richard de
Lucy, lord of the barony, granted a charter of
certain privileges, containing rules and orders
for the burgesses of Egremont. All the other
records respecting the privileges of the burgesses
are supposed to be lost. By Richard de Lucy's
burgage tenure the people of Egremont were
obliged to find armed men for the defence of the
castle, forty days at their own charge. • The lord

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 23
was entitled to forty days' credit for goods, and
no more; and his burgesses might refuse to
supply him, till the debt which had exceeded that
date was paid. They were bound to aids for the
redemption of the lord and his heir from cap
tivity, for the knighthood of one of the lord's
sons, and the marriage of one of his daughters.
They were to find him twelve men for his mili
tary array. They were to hold watch and ward.
They could not enter the forest with bow and
arrow. They were restrained from cutting off
their dogs' feet within the borough, as being a
necessary and customary defence : on the bor
ders, the dogs appointed to be kept for defence
were called slough dogs: this restriction points
out, that within the limits of forests, the inhabi
tants keeping dogs for defence were to lop off
one foot or more, to prevent their chasing the
game ; which did not spoil them for the defence
ofa dwelling. A singular privilege appears in
the case of a burgess committing fornication with
the daughter of a rustic, one who was not a
burgess, that he should not b e liable to the fine
imposed in other cases for that offence, unless he
had seduced by promise of marriage. The fine
for seducing a woman belonging to the borough
was 3s, to the lord. By the rule for inspecting
the dyers, weavers, and fullers, it seems those
were the only trades at that time within the
borough under the character of craftsmen. The
burgesses who had ploughs were to till the lord's
demesne one day in the year, and every burgess
to find a reaper : their labour was from morning,.
ad nonam, which was three o'clock, as from six to
three.* • Hutchinson.

24 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The charter was as follows : —
Sciant tarn prsesentes quam futuri, quod ego Richardus de
Lucy dedi, et hac prsesenti charta mea confirmavi, burgen-
sibus meis de Acrimonte et haeredibus suis, has scilicit sub-
scriptas leges, libertates, et consuetudines habendas de me
et haeredibus meis; scilicit, Quod iidem burgenses non
debent ire extra portas burgi de Acrimonte per alicujus
summonitionem nisi ad januam castelli cum domino vel
ejus senescallo ad namium capiendum vel stricturam facien-
dam intra Coupland. Et sciendam est, quod si werra
advenerit, iidem burgenses mei invenient mihi et haeredibus
meis 12 homines cum armis suis in castello meo defendendo
de Acrimonte per 40 dies ad eorum proprias expensas ; in
caeteris vero, pannos et cibos et aliud mercatorium mihi
accredent per dies 40 : et si eis debitum suum intra termin-
um non persolvero, non teneantur mihi alia mercatoria sua
accredere, donee debitum suum reddidero. Item, debent
mihi auxilium ad faciendum militem unum de fUiis meis :
et illud auxilium dabunt ad maritandum unam ex filiabus
meis. Item, si necesse fuerit ad corpus meum vel haere-
dum meorum redimendum, mihi auxilium dabunt. Item,
aliud auxilium mihi facient, quando milites terrae meae mihi
auxiliabuntur, et illud debet fieri per 12 burgensium. Et
dabunt multuram ad molendinum meum, scilicet tertium
decimum vas de proprio blado suo; de blado suo vero
empto, dabunt sextum decimum. Item, si quis emerit
burgagium, dabit mihi 4 denarios de seisina sua. Item, si
quis burgensis summonitus fuerit rationabiliter per leges
suas veniendi ad placita burgi, et defecerit ; dabit 6 denarios.
Item, burgenses mei quieti erunt de pannagio suo, intra
divisas suas de porcis suis, scilicet, a Crokerbec usque ad.
rivulum de Culdertun (salvo maeremio). Et sciendum est,
quod si porci sui exeunt praedictas divisas, dabunt mihi
pannagium, sc. vicesimum porcum. Et si forte aliquis bur
gensium habeat unum viginti porcos, dabit mihi pro unoquo-
que porco denarium. Et si porci sui venient sine licentia
raea in forestam meam Innerdale, dabunt eschapium. Item,
vigiliae burgi debent incipere a burgensibus; et si quis
defecerit in eisdem vigiliis dabit mihi 6 denarios. Item, si
burgensis ceciderit in placito, pro defectu responsi ; dabit 4
denarios domino de forisfacto, et recuperabitplacitumsuum.
Item, si convicium apertum dixerit aliquis burgensis vicino
suo, dabit domino tres solidos pro forisfacto, si ipse convic-
tus fuerit inde. Et si quis percusserit vicinum suum sine

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 25
sanguine tracto, dabit domino pro forisfacto tres solidos, si
inde convictus fuerit. Et si quis traxerit sanguinem de
vicino suo cum armis, dabet domino pro forisfacto 18 solidos,
si convictus fuerit. Item, talis est consuetudo burgensium,
et viventium omnium secundum legem villae, si latrocinium
alicui praedictorum imponitur, purgabit se per 36 homines,
semel, secundo, tertio, et postea ejectus erit a communione
burgi, et omnia catalla sua et domus ejus et omnia quae
possidet saisiabuntur in manu domini. Item, si quis ver-
beraverit praepositum villae, dabit domino pro forisfacto
dimidiam marcam, si inde convictus fuerit ; et si traxerit
sanguinem de eo, quoquo modo fuerit, dabit domino pro
forisfacto 18 solidos, si inde convictus fuerit. Item, proposi
tus debet fieri per electionum burgensium. Item, si aliquis
burgensis vendiderit res suas alicui non burgensi, et ille
noluerit reddere ; licet eidem burgensi capere namium suum
intra burgum, sine alicujus licentia. Item, si aliquis burgen
sis voluerit vendere terram suam, sc. burgagium suum, licet
ei vendere et ire libere ubi voluerit. Item, si burgensis
emerit burgagium intra villam et ille tenuerit per annum et
diem absque calumpnia alicujus; terra illi remanebit quieta,
nisi aliquis possit monstrare jus suum, et extra regnum
fuerit in negotiatione vel peregrinatione. Item, si uxor
burgensis dixerit aliquod convitium vicinae suae, et ilia inde
convicta fuerit; dabit domino pro forisfacto 4 denarios.
Item, omnes burgenses et liberi eorum quieti erunt a theo-
lonio in toto terra mea de propriis catallis burgensium.
Item, licet burgensibus ire in foresta mea de Innerdale, ad
mercatorium suum faciendum, sine arcu et sagittis. Item,
si aliquis extraneus venerit in burgum, et sit burgensis per
annum et diem sine calumpnia alicujus ; liber deinceps re
manebit, nisi sit de dominico regis. Item, burgenses non
amputabunt pedes canum suorum intra divisas suas : et si
forte aliquis canis sequitur aliquem burgensem extra divisas
suas in via, excepta foresta mea de Innerdale, non calump-
niabitur inde a quoquam. Item, burgenses non placitabunt
pro aliqua re ad me pertinente, extra placitum burgi ; nisi
de foresta mea, et de corona regis. Item, si aliquis qui
vixerit secundum legem villae fornicatus fuerit cum filia
alicujus rustici intra burgum ; non dabit merchet, nisi earn
desponsaverit. Item, siquis burgensis non aedificaverit bur
gum suum intra terminum sibi statutum, scilicet intra an
num; dabit domino pro forisfacto 12 denarios. Item,
assessus tinctorii, textorii, fullonici debent fieri per visum
12 burgensium; et si quis statutum eorum transgressus
P

26 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
fuerit, dabit domino pro forisfacto 12 denarios, si inde con
victus fuerit. Item, licet burgensibus emere quicquid
voluerint intra burgum, et vendere, sine calumpnia alicujus.
Item, burgenses qui carucas habent, arabunt mihi uno die,
de mane usque ad nonam, annuatim, ad summonitionem
praepositi mei ; et umrmquodque burgagium inveniet unum
hominem in autumno ad metendum, et habebunt prandium
suum quando arabunt et metent. Et sciendum est, quod
pro hoc servitio habebunt communem pasturam de Corker-
bee usque ad praedictum rivulum de Culdertun, quando
praedicta pastura vacua sit a blado et fceno domini. Item,
burgenses capiant necessaria ad propria tedificia sua intra
praedictas divisas, sine visu forestariorum (salvo maeremio).
Item, sciendum est, quod si forte animalia burgensium
transeant ultra rivulum de Culdertun, dabunt in aestate pro
decern animalibus unum denarium, et pro quinquies viginti
ovibus unum denarium. Hiis testibus ; D. abbate de Chal-
dra, Roberto priore de Sancta Bega, Henrico filio Arthuri,
Alano filio Ketelli, Willielmo fratre ejus, Hugone filio
Sywardi, Alano Benedicto, Gilberto filio Gilberti, Roberto
de Haverington, Ado de Landplogh, Ricardo Anketill,
Roberto de Willona.
Egremont was anciently a parliamentary
borough : it was first summoned in the 23rd
Edward I., but was disfranchised on the petition
of the burgesses.
In the year 1300, Thomas de Mult on and
Thomas de Lucy claimed to have assize of bread,
&c. and the chattels of felons condemned and
beheaded throughout the whole land of Copeland;
a gallows at Egremont ; a market at that town
on Wednesday, and a fair for two days at Lady-
day, which market and fair had been granted in
1266. The market, which is now held on Saturday,
is a large corn-market, and well supplied with
butchers' meat and other provisions. The fair is
now held on the 18th of September for cattle, &c.
There is another fair on the third Friday in May.

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 27
There are also certain great markets or cattle-
fairs held on the market-days in the summer
months. A court-baron for the recovery of debts under
40s. is held here, by adjournment, every sixth
Friday, under General Wyndham, the lord of
the barony of Egremont. A court-leet and a
customary court are held annually in the spring.
The ancient court-room in the castle being de
cayed, they are holden by adjournment, at the
King's Arms inn. Two bailiffs and two consta
bles are annually appointed at the court-leet.
The ancient office of borough-serjeant is still
preserved ; but it is not now an annual appoint
ment : he summons the juries for the court-baron,
court-leet, and coroner's inquests.
Gillfoot, a mansion about half a mile north of
the town, is the residence of Thomas Hartley,
Esq. There are in and near Egremont, a paper-mill,
carried on by Messrs. Harrison, Barker, and Co. ;
four tan-yards ; and a thread-mill, worked by
Messrs. Gibson and Co.
The Church.
The church of Egremont was given by William
de Meschines, — who had a grant of the barony
from his brother Ranulph, who received it, with
the whole county, from William the Conqueror, —
to the priory of Kirkby Begog, (St. Bees,) which
was a cell to the mitred abbey of St. Mary, York.
It still pays a pension to the church of St. Bees.
Edward VI. in the 2nd year of his reign,
granted to William Ward and Richard Venables
d 2

28 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
one messuage, one garden, and two acres of land
in Brisco, in the county of Cumberland, which
formerly had been assigned towards the support
of a chantry priest in the church of Egremont.
And the. same king, in the 3rd year of his
reign, granted. to Henry Tanner and Thomas
Bocker, messuages and tenements in the parish of
Egremont, in the possession of 18 different per
sons, late belonging to a stipendiary in St. Mary's
church of Egremont.
The benefice is a rectory, in the patronage of
General Wyndham. It was valued in the King's
Books at 91. lis. ; and was certified to the
governors of Queen Ann's bounty at 457. 15s. lOd,
The following are the particulars given in the
Valor Ecclesiasticus, Hen. VIII. : —
Egremo'd Bectoria EccVie.
Edmund' MetcalfFe incumbens. Rectoria
p'dca. valet in £ s. d.
Mansione cum gleba per >  . >.
annum $ VJ
Decim' granos. & feni cxs. } £ s. d.
Ian' &agnell'xxs. minut'/ Vix — vj
& alijs privat' decim' cu. S viij xv —
oblac'ut in lib ro paschal' V I
xiv*. In tot' J J
Repris' vis. in
Annual' pens' priori See. 3 £ s. d.
. Bege xxijs. sinod' ijs. jd. > — xxviij vj — xxviij vj
pcurac' iiijs, xd. J
£ s. d.
Et valet clare vij xij —
Xma. ps. inde — xv jj ob?
In 1426, the abbot of St. Mary's presented to
this church. Henry, the sixth Earl of Northum-

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 29
berland, who died without issue, having given up
his estates, manors, and advowsons, to Henry
VIII., Queen Mary, in the 4th and 5th Philip
and Mary, returned inter alia the advowson of
the rectory of Egremont to his nephew and
successor, Thomas the seventh Earl. But within
a few years from this period (in 1569,) Queen
Elizabeth presented to this church.. In the year
1673, the Earl of Essex and William Pierpont,
Esq. presented ; as did the Duke and Duchess of
Somerset,. in 1685 ; and the advowson has since
remained in the lords of the barony.
List of Rectors.
 Edmund Metcalfe, occurs 1535:
  Antrobus, occurs, c. 1642.
16  Halsell.*
1673 Richard TickelLf
1685 Richard TickelLj
1692 Henry Ogle.
1700 Thomas Robinson.
1737 Joseph Ritson.
1758 Thomas Jameson, ob. 1776.
Thomas Jameson.
Nicholas Turner.
Robert C. Herbert.
Alexander Scott, M.A.
1835 William Henry Leech.
This church, dedicated to St. Mary, is a neat1
edifice, consisting of a nave and chancel, a square-
» Ejected, in 1662, for nonconformity.
t Presented by the Earl of Essex and William Pierpont, Esq.;
| Presented by the Duke and Duchess of Somerset.

30 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
tower at the west end, containing two bells, and
a vestry on its north side. The outer walls are
plastered ; and the antiquity of the church has
been carefully disguised by extensive modern
alterations. The north and south windows are
square ; supplying the places of the narrow lan
cets with which the more correct taste of our
ancestors had appropriately lighted the church.
On the north wall of the nave is a row of
corbels, supposed to mark its original height:
the south wall is four feet in thickness. The
nave, which is destitute of a middle aisle, has
three galleries. Its eastern end is almost the
only part of the church which is not disfigured
by "the pseudo-restorations, the tasteless im
provements, the wanton and avaricious destruc
tions, and useless, jobbing, re-edifications of the
present [age]." Here, however, are preserved
four beautiful lancet windows, with slender shafts,
and capitals richly ornamented with a profusion
of sculptured foliage. On the outside the mould
ings of these windows, are enriched with the tooth
ornament. The chancel — a mere recess with a
rounded east end — is an unsightly projection of
a modern date. The tower was repaired and
heightened in 1716: it contains two bells; the
larger one bears the date 1 788, and the name of
the founder ; the other is more ancient, and has
a Latin inscription. There is a narrow circular
stair-case in its south-west angle. The font is of
stone, and of an octagonal figure : it bears marks
of antiquity, but is painted.
On the north side of the chancel is a mural
monument of white marble, with this inscrip
tion : —

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 31
Sacred
to the memory of
THOMAS HARTLEY, Esq.,
of Gillfoot,
who departed this life, Jan. 16th, 1831,
aged 64 years.
On the south side, a black marble slab is
affixed to the wall,, bearing this inscription, partly
defaced : —
Mr. JAMES POOLE, son of Rowland Poole, Esq., and Bridget his
wife, and grandson to Sr James Poole, Bart, was Interr'd Nov. 28th,
1725, in the 5th year of his age. Mary his sister  an
 Poole 
On the wall at the west end of the nave is a
marble monument inscribed —
Sacred
to the memory of
JANE BIRLEY,
Late of Carleton Lodge,
who died on the 6th day of September, 1833,
aged 47 years.
Her remains were interred at
St. Nicholas's chapel, Whitehaven.
She bequeathed by her will, the interest of
Fifty pounds, to be distributed annually on
Good Friday, to such poor inhabitants of this
Parish as do not receive any benefit
from the Poor Rates.
There is here also> a slab inscribed to the
memory of several members of a family of the
name of Benson.
The rectory-house was rebuilt about 23 years
since, by the Rev. Alexander Scott, M.A., the
then rector, who now holds the rectory of
.Bootle. At the east end of the church-yard is a sar-

32 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT,
cophagus, enclosed with iron rails, on which is
inscribed — H . s . E
AGNES . SCOTT
Quae . vixit . annos . xiv
Decessit . Kal . Mai . MDCCCXXXIV
Conjygi . optymae
Contra . votvm . posuit
Alexander . Scott
HTi . Eccl . Min.
The Castle.
The ruins of this fortress, which was once the seat
of the noble and potent lords of the great barony
of Copeland or Egremont, occupy an eminence
about 200 yards to the south-west of the town.
Some parts of its walls exhibit indubitable traces
of great antiquity, from the occasional introduc
tion of that peculiar kind of masonry known as
herringbone; and, "from the similarity of its
arrangement to the grains in an ear of corn,
sometimes more classically termed, ' spicata tes-
tacea.'"*
* " Herringbone work has been called by some a sign of early work,
but others regard it rather as a sign of late Norman. Guildford castle
is late Norman, and has a good deal of herringbone work in its walls.
' Opus reticulatum' is occasionally found in late Norman work, as at the
west end of Rochester cathedral, There is also another kind of masonry
sometimes found in late Norman work, which appears to be used by way
of ornament (as in fact is the ' apus reticulatum' J . . . .perhaps it may be
called herringbone ashlar." — Glossary of Architecture.
"This kind of angular masonry is rare in England, where it occurs
only in a few courses alternating with horizontal masonry, as in Lincoln
City walls, Castletoh, Colchester, and Guildford Castles, the round tower
of Bungay Church, and the walls of Cambridge Castle. Mr. Essex says
' the age of this sort of masonry is not easily ascertained.' It has been

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 33
This castle was built about the conclusion of
the eleventh century, by William de Meschines,
on whom the barony of Copeland was bestowed
by his brother, Ranulph, who had received a
grant of the whole county from William the
Conqueror. From the extreme paucity of any recorded
facts connected with its history, we can gather
nothing forming a connected narrative. Indeed,
it appears to have formed a singular exception to
the genera] fate of castles situated so near the
troubled district of the borders : we have no
account of any siege it has undergone ; nor are
we informed when it was dismantled and ceased
to be the residence of the descendants and suc
cessors of the noble families of Seymour, Percy,
Multon, Lucy, and Meschines. The successive
lordly possessors of this castle and barony are
enumerated in subsequent pages.
Egremont castle, — of which there are now few
remains, but those indicative of great strength —
occupies the summit of a mount apparently arti
ficial, supposed by Mr Hutchinson, in his Excur
sion to the Lakes, to have been of Danish origin.
The principal remains are, a square tower,*
attributed to that ofthe Romans and Saxons. Morant states, that ' the
easternmost wall of Colchester Castle is built in the Roman, i. e. the
herring-bone fashion.' Others call it Roman, for no better reason than
because they sometimes find it forming part of edifices, which, from their
containing Roman bricks, have been supposed to be of Roman origin.
It is probable, however, that all such buildings were erected by the Sax
ons, with the old materials of the Roman stations to which many of their
towns succeeded." — Gent. Mag., March, 1834, p. 270.
* It is near the foundation where the herringbone work is to be seen :
there are about ten successive courses of it, and not alternating with ho-
rizontal masonry. E

34 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
entered from the south-west by a semi-circular
archway with a groined roof; and a part of the
wall which probably divided the inner and outer
wards, where are two windows, and a gateway
with grooves for a portcullis, of a more recent
date, with pointed arches. The moat is still to
be traced, nearly encircling the castle ; and a
stream of water, by which it was formerly sup
plied, flows on the eastern side. The site of the
ancient court-room, in which were held the courts
of the lords of the barony, is yet distinguishable ;
and near it is a cock-pit — the scene of barbarous
sports for many years, but now happily abolish
ed. This castle has suffered materially from wanton
spoliation by boys, until measures were taken for
its prevention by the late Earl of Egremont. In
1739, when Buck's view of the castle was taken,
considerable remains of a round tower* graced
the summit of a hill, on the north side of the
ruins, "seventy-eight feet perpendicular height
above the ditch :" this tower is mentioned by Mr.
Hutchinson, in his Excursion to the Lakes (1776,)
as having fallen down "some few years ago."
* The round towers in Ireland and Scotland are always situated near
a church, although detached, and they unquestionably date from a very
early period. Of the ecclesiastical round towers in Suffolk and Norfolk,
Mr. Gage observes (Archseologia, vol. xxiii.) that they exhibit "pure
Norman architecture, or the Circular style, highly finished in some, and
plainer in others, until it became more or less mixed with the English ox
Pointed ; and with surprise I found the early pointed style prevalent in
a great many. There was but one tower which I conceived might rank
higher in antiquity than the twelfth century, and that one not being
earlier than the Norman time. None could properly be said to be
doubtful in the date of their construction ; though some were so mutilated
and altered that the original character was lost."

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 35
Nicolson and Burn give no description of the
l-uins as seen when they wrote, about 1774 ; but,
>y a strange anachronism, the Messrs. Lysons, in
;heir Magna Britannia (1816,) represent con
siderable portions of the round tower as then
standing. Mr. Hutchinson also states, as above,
^and this is copied by the compiler of that Histo
ry of Cumberland to which that gentleman's name
has been appended,) that " on the side next the
town a postern is standing."
There may probably have been a Roman station
or encampment here, as a Roman road from
Egremont castle to Cockermouth " passed in a
direct line through the Town-head and the
Wood-end estates, in the parish of Egremont ;
through the Cleator-hall estate, and close by the
village of Cleator ; through the estate of Tod-
holes, in which it is now (1815) digging up,
and part of the Warth estate, in the parish of
Cleator ; through the parish of Arlochden and
township of Frisington ; through the parish of
Lamplugh, and close by Lamplugh Cross and
Street-gate, and approaches Cockermouth in a
straight Une. The road is eighteen feet wide,
and formed of cobbles and freestone, all seemingly
gathered from the adjacent grounds."*
The Barony of Egremont,
Anciently called the barony of Copeland, was
included in the grant of Cumberland, by William
the Conqueror, to Ranulph de Meschines, who
bestowed it on his brother, William de Meschines,
* Lysons.
E 2

36 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Earl of Cambridge. We have already stated
(pages 2, 3,) some particulars respecting this.
barony ; and its successive lords are given in the
following pagea.
Lords of the Barony of Egremont.
De Meschines.
Arms : — Or, a lion rampant, his tail erected, gule&
William de Meschines received this barony by grant from
his brother Ranulph, as before stated, pp. 2 and 35. He
left, at his death, an only daughter, Alice, married to Robert
de Romley, lord of the honor of Skipton in Craven.
De Romley.
Arms .• —
Robert de Romley, lord of the honor ofSkipton in Craven,
succeeded to the lordship of the barony of Egremont, in
right of his wife, Alice, daughter of the above William de
Meschines. He had issue a daughter, Alice, married to
William Eitz-Duncan.
Fitz-Duncan.
Arms .• —
William Fitz-Duncan, Earl of Murray, nephew of David,
king of Scots, being the son of his brother Duncan, by
Ochthreda, his wife, sister and heiress of Waldieve, son of
Alan, son of Waldieve, first lord of Allerdale, who was the
son of Gospatrick, Earl of Dunbar, (see page 2.) William
Eitz-Duncan had issue by the said Alice his wife, William,
who died an infant, and three daughters coheiresses,
1. Cicely, was married to William le Gros, Earl of Al
bemarle, and had issue only a daughter named Haw.ise,
who was married to three husbands successively ; first,
to William de Mandevill Earl of Essex, to whom she
had no child; secondly, to William deFortibus; and
thirdly, to Baldwin Beton, Earl ofthe Isle of Wight.

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 37,
To her second husband, William de Fortibus, who in
her right assumed the title of Earl of Albemarle, she
had a son, William de Fortibus, who had issue the
third William de Fortibus; whose daughter and heir,
Aveline, (wife to Edmund Crouchback, brother of
Edward I.) dying without issue, the third part of
William Fitz-Duncan's lands (which was Skipton in
Craven) came to the king's hands, and by king Edward
II. was granted to Robert de Clifford, in exchange
for the Clifford's lands in the county of Monmouth,
in whose posterity it still remains.
2. Amabil, the second daughter of William Fitz Duncan,
had for her part of the inheritance this barony of
Egremont; and was married to Reginald Lucy, of
whom hereafter, as lord of Egremont.
3. Alice, third daughter and coheiress of William Fitz
Duncan, was married to Gilbert Pippard, who was
justice-itinerant in Wiltshire in the 23rd Hen. II.,
and afterwards was married to Robert Courtney; but
had no issue of her body: wherefore her part of
her father's inheritance (which was the liberty of
Cockermouth, Aspatric, and the barony of Aller
dale below Derwent) was divided between the Earl
of Albemarle her eldest sister's husband, and Richard
de Lucy her other sister's son. And so it contiuued
divided until the eldest sister's issue was extinguished
by the death of Aveline aforesaid, daughter of the
last William de Fortibus ; after whose death, all the
Romley's lands, both above and below Derwent, came
wholly to the heirs of Reginald Lucy and Amabil
Romley his wife, second daughter to the said William
Fitz Duncan.
Lucy.
Arms.— Gules, three lucies, hauriant, argent.
Reginald Lucy, whose parentage Dugdale declares his
inability to discover, married, as stated above, Amabil Fitz-
Duncan. During the rebellion ofthe Earl of Leicester, in the
reign of Henry II., he was governor of Nottingham for the
king; and he was present at the coronation of Richard I. By
his wife, Amabil, he had issue, his successor,
Richard Lucy, who granted the charter to the burges-

38 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
ses of Egremont (see page 24). In the 1st of King John he
paid a fine to the crown of three hundred marks for livery of
his lands, and licence to marry with whom he should think
proper. In four years afterwards, he paid five marks and
one palfrey to the king, that he might have jurors to inquire
what customs and services his tenants had used to perform,
and to do, him and his ancestors for their lands in Coupland.
And the same year he obtained a grant from the king to
himself and Ada, his wife, daughter and coheir of Hugh de
Morvill, of the forestership of Cumberland. The next year
he paid nine hundred marks, and five palfreys, to have livery
ofthe property ofthe said Ada, and to enjoy the forestership
of Cumberland as amply as Hugh de Morvill had it, without
any partition whatsoever.
He died on or before the 15th of King John, for then Ada,
his widow, gave a fine of five hundred marks for livery of
her inheritance ; as also for her dowry of his lands, and that
she might not be compelled to marry again. She espoused
without compulsion, however, and without the king's licence,
Thomas de Multon, in consequence of which the castle of
Egrement, and her other lands, were seized by the crown.
But upon paying a compensation they were restored, and she
had livery of them again. Her first husband, Richard de
Lucy, left two daughters, his coheirs, who became wards to
her second husband, on his payment of 1000 marks to the
crown, and were married to his sons.
Amabil espoused the eldest son, Lambert, and conveyed
to him the lordship of Egremont ; Alice was married
to the younger, Alan, and their son, Thomas de Mul
ton, assumed the surname of his maternal family, and
was ancestor ofthe barons Lucy of Cockermouth.
Multon.
Arms: — Argent, three bars gules.
Thomas de Multon, lord of Multon, co. Lincoln, before
his marriage with Ada, widow of the above Richard Lucy,
in the 17th King John, being in arms with the rebellious
barons, was taken prisoner and confined in Corfe castle;
but on the accession of Henry III. he obtained his liberty
and restitution of his lands. Three years after his marriage,
he paid 100 J. fine to the king, and one palfrey lor the office
of forester of Cumberland, it being the inheritance of Ada,

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 39
his wife. In the 17th of Henry III., he was sheriff of Cum
berland, and remained in office for several succeeding years.
Moreover, he was one of the Justices of the king's Court of
the Common Pleas, from the 8th Henry III., and a justice
itinerant for divers years, from the 9th of the same reign.
Matthew Paris says of him, " In his youth he was a stout
soldier, afterwards very wealthy, and learned in the laws ;
but overmuch coveting to enlarge his possessions, which lay
contiguous to those of the monks of Crowland, he did them
great wrong in many respects."
By his first wife  he had issue as above stated ; and
the issue of his second marriage were —
Thomas, ancestor ofthe Multons of Gilsland; and
Julian, married to Robert le Vavasour.
He died in 1240, and was succeeded by his eldest son,
Lambert de Multon, who, as before stated, married Ama
bil, eldest daughter and coheiress of Richard Lucy. In the
year 1246, he obtained an extraordinary privilege from the
pope, that no one should have the power to excommunicate
him, but by a special mandate from his holiness. But he,
who had this liberty, says Matthew Paris, to sin without
punishment, aud to do injury to others, riding with rich
trappings very proudly, from a trial at law, no sooner
alighted from his horse, but (meriting God's judgment) was
suddenly smitten with a grievous disease, of which falling to
the ground, he died before his spurs could be taken ofF,
being then at his house at Multon, in Lincolnshire. By his
first wife he had a son, Thomas, his successor. He espoused
secondly, Ida, widow of Geoffrey de Oilli, but had no issue.
His death occurred in 1247,, when he was succeeded by his
son, Thomas de Multon, designated " of Egremont ;" who in
the 49th Henry III., was in arms against his sovereign. In
the 22nd Edward I., he had a grant of free warren in all his
demesne lands at Egremont. He married  and dying
in 1294, was succeeded by his son, Thomas.
Thomas de Multon, son and heir, was summoned to par
liament from 27th Edward I., 1299, to 14th Edward IL,
1320; after the 1st Edward II. with the addition of "de
Egremund." He was previously summoned in the 25th
Edward I. ; but, says Nicolas, it is doubtful if that writ was
a regular summons to parliament. He was much engaged

40 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
in the Scottish wars. Lord Multon died in 1322, and was
succeeded by
John de Multon, son and heir, , second baron, who was
summoned to parliament from 6th Edward III., 1332, to 8th
Edward III., 1334, as " Johanni de Multon." He married
Annabel, daughter and heiress of Laurence de Holbeche ;
but dying without issue, in 1 334, his estates, including the
manors of Thurstaneston, in Suffolk, and Egremont and
Cockermouth, in Cumberland, were divided amongst his
three sisters, thus, viz. —
Joane, wife of Robert, Baron Fitz- Walter, had for her
share the castle of Egremont, with the third part of
that manor, and the third part of other manors.
Elizabeth, married to Robert, eldest son of Sir John
de Harrington, of Harrington, knight,* (ob. v,p.)\&A
certain lands at Gosforth, parcel of the manor of
Egremont, and a proportion of other manors.
Margaret, married Thomas, Lord Lucy, had certain
lands in Cumberland, and parcel ofthe manor of Egre
mont, besides a proportion of other estates.
Among their descendants and representatives, the barony
of Multon, of Egremont, is now in abeyance. Thus, says
Mr. John Denton, "this barony was broken into parts, which
from the conquest had continued entire, except Lowes-water,
and the lands between Cocker and Derwent, and the five
towns granted to Waldeof, as aforesaid ; but now of late, it
is re-united by the Earls of Northumberland, who are lords
thereof, by gift and purchase but not by descent from any
ofthe coheirs."
Thomas, Lord Lucy, second baron, who married one of
the sisters and coheiresses ofthe last male heir of the Mul-
tons of Egremont, as stated above, had issue by her,
Anthony, who succeeded as third baron.
Maud, or Matilda, who was twice married ; firstly, to
Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus; who died s. p. •
and secondly, to Henry Percy, first Earl of Northum
berland. Upon the marriage of this lady, then sole
heiress of the Barons Lucy, with the Earl of Northum
berland, it was stipulated that the castle and honor of
Cockermouth, part of her inheritance, should be
settled upon the earl and herself, and the heirs male
• Nicolas and Burke say, Walter de Bermichan.

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 41
of their two bodies ; failing which, upon the heirs of
her body; and in case she should die without issue,
then upon Henry, Lord Percy, the earl's son and heir
by his first wife, and the heirs male of his body, upon
condition that the said Henry and his heirs male
should bear the arms of Percy quarterly with the
arms of Lucy, viz. " gules, three lucies, ar.," in all
shields, banners, &c. The said Maud died without
issue.
Thomas, Lord Lucy, died in 1365, and was succeeded by
his son Anthony.
Anthony, Lord Lucy, third and last baron, was never
summoned to parliament. He was joined with Roger de
Clifford in the guardianship of "the marches towards Cum
berland and Westmorland." He died in 1368, leaving by
Joane, his wife, widow of William, Lord Greystoke, an infant
daughter who died in the following year, when the above
Maud, Countess of Angus, succeeded to the barony of Lucy
and the honor of Cockermouth, with the other estates.
Percy.
Arms : — Quarterly, four grand quarters : first and fourth,
or, a lion rampant, az. (being the ancient arms of the Duke
of Brabant and Lovain;) second and third, gu. three lucies,
or pikes, haurient, ar. for Lucy ; second grand quarter, az.
five fusils, in fesse, or, for Percy ; third, gu. on a saltier,
ar. a rose ofthe field, barbed and seeded proper for JVeville;
fourth, quarterly gu. and or, in the first quarter a mullet ar.
for Vere.
Crest : — On a chapeau gules, a lion passant azure.
Supporters: — On the dexter side, a lion azure; on the
sinister, an unicorn argent, collared gobone, or and azure.
Motto : — Esperance en Dieu.
The illustrious family of Percy, says Burke,* is descended
from one ofthe Norman chieftains (William de Percy) who
accompanied William the Conqueror into England in 1066;
and it derives its name from the village of Percy, near Ville-
dieu. The family of Percy, of Normandy, deduced its pedi
gree from Geoffrey, (son of Mainfred, a Danish chieftain,)
• Extinct Peerage.
F

42 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
who assisted Rollo, in 912, in subjugating that prinqipality,
and aquiring considerable possessions there.
Henry Percy, fourth Lord Percy of Alnwick, Earl Marshal,
was advanced to the Earldom of Northumberland, on the
day ofthe coronation of Richard II. in 1377 ; and was made
K.G. in the 7th Richard II. He was appointed Lord High
Constable for life, in 1399. By his first wife, Margaret,
daughter of Ralph, Lord Nevill of Raby,he had issue,
Sir Henry, K.G. the gallant and renowned Hotspur,
who married Philippa, daughter of Edmund Mortimer,
Earl of March. He fell at the battle of Shrewsbury,.
in 1403, during the life-time of his father, leaving
issue, Henry, who succeeded as second Earl.
Elizabeth, married firstly, to John Lord Clifford ;
and secondly to Ralph Nevill, second Earl of
Westmorland.
Sir Thomas, who married a daughter and coheiress of
the Earl of Athol.
Sir Ralph, who married the other daughter and co
heiress.
Alan. Margaret.
The Earl married secondly, Maud, sister and heiress of
Anthony, Lord Lucy, as stated above. Some years after
wards, however, being proclaimed a traitor, and his lands
declared forfeited by King Richard, his lordship, in conjunc
tion with his son, Sir Henry Percy, surnamed Hotspur, and
Henry, Duke of Lancaster, accomplished the dethronement
of that monarch, and placed the crown upon the head of
Henry Duke of Lancaster, under the title of Henry IV.
The Earl of Northumberland fell (in 1407-8) iu arms
against that king in assisting to place whom on the throne he
had been so eminently conspicuous ; when his honors became
forfeited under an attainder, but were restored in 1414, to
his grandson, only son of the valiant Hotspur.
Henry Percy, second Earl of Northumberland, married
the lady Eleanor Nevill, widow of Richard, Lord Spencer,
and daughter of Ralph Nevill, first Earl of Westmorland,
K.G. His lordship was made Lord High Constable by
Henry VI. ; he was present at the battle of Agincourt; and
fell at St. Albans, 23rd May, 1455, fighting under the banner
of that monarch. Of the issue of this Earl the following
curious account is given in a MS. in the British Museum,

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 43
stated to be extracted " Ex Begistro Monastery de Whit-
bye" — " Of this Alianor his wife, he begat IX sonnes and
III daughters, whose names be Johanne, that is buried at
Whitbye ; Thomas (created) Lord Egremont ; Katheyne
Gray, of Ruthyn, (wife of Edmund, Lord Gray, afterwards
Earl of Kent) ; Sir Raffe Percy ; William Percy, a byshopp* ;
Richard Percy; John, that dyed without issue; another
John, (called by Vincent, in his MS. baronage in the herald's
office, John Percy, senior, of Warkworth) ; George Percy,
clerk ; Henry, that dyed without issue ; besides the eldest
sonne and successor, Henry, third Erie of Northumberland."
He was succeeded by his eldest surviving son,
Henry Percy, third Earl, who had married Eleanor,
daughter and sole heiress of Richard Poynings, who died in
the life-time of his father, Lord Poynings ; by which marriage,
the baronies of Poynings, Fitzpayne, and Bryan, came into
the family of Percy ; and Sir Henry Percy was summoned to
parliament, while his father, the Earl of Northumberland, yet
lived, (29th Henry VI.,) as Baron Poynings. His lordship
fell, leading the van of the Lancastrians, sword in hand, at
the battle of Towton, on the 29th March, 1461, and his
honors became subsequently forfeited, by an act of attainder,
but were restored to his only son,
Henry Percy, fourth Earl, K.G. who was confined in the
Tower from the death of his father until 1469, when he was
restored to his freedom and dignity. He married Maud,
daughter of the Lord Herbert, and had issue four sons and
three daughters. He was slain in a riot at his house at Cox-
lodge, co. York, 28th April, 1489, having rendered himself
unpopular by the discharge of his duties as lord lieutenant of
the county in levying a tax for the king's service. His
lordship was buried at Beverley, and was succeeded by his
eldest son,
Henry-Algernon Percy, fifth earl, K.G., who married
Catherine, daughter and coheiress of Sir Robert Spencer,
Knt., of Spencer-Combe, Devon, by Eleanor, his wife,
daughter, and at length coheir, of Edmund Beaufort, Duke
of Somerset, by whom he had issue,
Henry, his successor.
Thomas (Sir), executed for Ask's conspiracy, 29th Henry
VIII., leaving two sons,
• Bishop of Carlisle, 1452—1462.
F 2

44 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Thomas, ? successively Earls of Northumber-
Henry, \ land.
Ingelram (Sir).
Margaret, married to Henry Clifford, first Earl of Cum
berland.
Maud, married to Lord Corners.
His lordship died in 1527, and was succeeded by his eldest
son, Henry-Algernon Percy, sixth earl, K.G. This nobleman
married Mary, daughter of George Talbot,~Earl of Shrews
bury; but dying without issue, in 1537, and his brother, Sir
Thomas Percy, having been previously attainted and executed,
all the honors of the family became forfeited, and the Duke
dom of Northumberland was conferred by King Edward VI.,
upon John Dudley, Earl ot Warwick ; but that nobleman
having forfeited his life and honors, by treason against Queen
Mary, in 1553, her majesty was pleased to advance, by letters
patent, Thomas Percy, seventh earl, K.G. son of the attainted
Sir Thomas Percy (second son of the fifth Earl.) He was
created by letters-patent, bearing date 30th April, 1557,
Baron Percy, of Cockermouth and Petworth, Baron Poyn
ings, Lucy, Bryan, and Fitz-Payne; and on the following
day Earl of Northumberland. His lordship married Anne,
daughter of Henry Somerset, second Earl of Worcester, by
whom he had issue. He was made Lord Warden of the
marches ; but being concerned in the rebellion with the Earl
of Westmorland, he was attainted in 1571, and beheaded at
Yorkj in the following year.
Henry Percy, eighth earl, brother and heir, succeeded,
notwithstanding the attainder of his brother, in consequence
of the special entail to him in the patent. He married
Katherine, eldest daughter and coheiress of John Nevill,
Baron Latimer, by whom he had a numerous family. He
remained loyal during the defection of his brother, but falling
under suspicion of favouring the cause of Mary, Queen of
Scots, he was confined in the Tower, where he was found
dead in his bed, having been shot through the heart, 21st
June, 1585.
Henry Percy, ninth earl, K.G., son and heir, married
Dorothy, sister of the Earl of Essex, and widow of Sir
Thomas Perrot, knight, by whom he had issue. Although

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 45
he was a Protestant, yet having a kinsman, Henry Percy,
concerned in the gunpowder plot, he fell under suspicions of
treason, and, like his predecessor, was confined in the Tower,
and sentenced to pay a fine of 30,000J. By a singular coin
cidence, his death occurred on the anniversary of the day
which had cost him so much trouble,— 5th November, 1632.
Algernon Percy, tenth earl, K.G., son and heir, succeeded
his father. He was twice married ; firstly, to Anne, daugh
ter of William Cecil, Earl of Salisbury, and secondly, to Eliza
beth, daughter of Theophilus Howard, Earl of Suffolk, the
mother of his heir, and through whom he became possessed
of Northumberland House, Charing Cross, built by Henry
Howard, Earl of Northampton. His lordship died, 13th
October, 1668, and was succeeded by his only son,
Josceline Percy, eleventh earl, who married Elizabeth,
daughter of Thomas Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton, by
whom he had an only daughter, Elizabeth. The earl died,
21st May,. 1670, aged 26.
The Lady Elizabeth Percy, his sole daughter and heiress,
married, 1682, Charles Seymour, sixth duke of Somerset, of
whom hereafter. Seymour.
Arms .- — Quarterly, first and fourth, or, on a pile gules
between six fleur-de-lis, az. three lions of England, (being
the coat of augmentation, granted by Henry VIII., on his
marriage with Jane Seymour,) second and third gu, two
wings conjoined in lure, tips downwards, or.
Charles Seymour, sixth Duke of Somerset, K.G., married
the sole heiress of the last Earl of Northumberland, by
whom he had issue,
Algernon, who was summoned, on the death of his
mother, as Baron Percy, and afterwards succeeded as
Duke of Somerset.
Choi's K ^*e<^ unmarrie^-
Elizabeth, married to Henry O'Brien, Earl of Thomond,
ob. s. p.
Katherine, married to Sir William Wyndham, Bart.,
and had issue,

46 ALLERDALE WARD> ABOVE DERWENT.
¦Charles, second Earl of Egremont, of whom here
after.
Percy O'Brien, created Earl of Thomond, who
died unmarried.
Frances, died unmarried.'
Anne, married Peregrine Osborn, Marquess of Carmar
then, and afterwards Duke of Leeds.
The Duke married secondly, Charlotte, daughter of Daniel
Finch, Earl of Winchelsea, and had two daughters,
Frances, married to John Manners, the celebrated
Marquess of Granby, and was mother of Charles,
fourth Duke of Rutland.
Charlotte, married Heneage Finch, Earl of Aylesford.
His Grace who was known as " the proud Duke," died in
1748, and was succeeded by his eldest son,
Algernon Seymour, seventh Duke, who married Frances
Thynne, grand-daughter of Thomas, first Viscount Wey
mouth, by whom he had issue,
Elizabeth, married to Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart., after
wards created Duke of Northumberland, K.G.,
grand-father of the present Duke.
George, who died vita patris, unmarried.
On the 2nd October, 1749, he was created Baron Wark-
worth and Earl of Northumberland, with remainder to his
son-in-law, Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart, aforesaid; and the
next day, he was created Baron Cockermouth and Earl of
Egremont, with remainder to the sons (Charles and Percy,
aforesaid) of his sister the Lady Katherine Wyndham. He
died 7th February, 1750, when the Dukedom of Somerset
descended to the heir-male, Edward, and the Earldoms of
Egremont and Northumberland, according to their respective
limitations.
Wyndham.
Arms. — Azure, a chevron, between three lions' heads,
erased, or.
Crest: — A lion's head, erased, within a fetterlock, or.
Supporters: — On the dexter side, a lion rampant azure,
winged invertedly or; on the sinister side, agriphon, argent,
gutte de sang.
Motto : — Au Ion droit.
The family of Wyndham, which is traced back to the time

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 47
of the Conquest, is of Saxon origin. Ailwardus de Wymond-
ham, being possessed of lands at Wymondham, now Wynd
ham, co. Norfolk, soon after that period assumed that surname
from his possessions.
On the death of Algernon, seventh Duke of Somerset,
who was created Earl of Egremont and Baron Cockermouth,
which occurred 7th February, 1750, those titles devolved on
Charles Wyndham, second earl, son of Sir William Wyndi
ham, third Baronet, M.P. (Master of the Buck Hounds to
Queen Anne, and Chancellor ofthe Exchequer, 1713,) by
his wife, Katherine, daughter of Charles, sixth Duke of
Somerset. Sir William died 17th July, 1740. His lordship
was born in 1710; was Secretary of State, 1761 ; and Lord
Lieutenant of Cumberland and Sussex. He married 12th
March, 1751, Almeria, sister of George Carpenter, first Earl
of Tyrconnel and by her (who remarried in 1767, Count
Bruhl, of Saxony, and died 1794) had issue,
George 0' Brien, his successor.
Elizabeth Alicia Maria, married Henry Herbert, first
Earl of Carnarvon.
Frances, married Charles Marsham, first Earl of Romney.
Percy Charles.
Charles William, married, firstly, Anne Barbara Fran
ces, daughter of George Bussey Villiers, fourth Earl
of Jersey, and widow of William Henry Lambton;
Esq.
' William Frederick, married firstly, Frances Hartford,
daughter of Frederick Calvert, Lord Baltimore;
and secondly, Julia de Smorsewski, Countess de Spy—
terki : by the first marriage he had issue,
George Francis, captain R.N. married Jane, daugh
ter of the Rev. William Roberts,- Vice-Provost
of Eton College.
Frances, married William Miller, Esq.
Laura, married the Rev. Charles Boultbee.
This Earl, while a commoner, represented the borough of
Cockermouth in one parliament, chosen 21st George II.
On the 30th April, 1751, his lordship took the oaths before
the king, at St. James', as Lord-Lieutenant and Custos-
Rotulorum of the county of Cumberland.
His lordship died 21st August, 1763, and was succeeded
in his titles by his son,
George O'Brien Wyndham, third Earl, F.R.S. and F.S.A.

48 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
who was born, 18th December, 1751, and educated at Eton.
His majesty George II. was sponsor at his baptism.
On the death of Charles, Duke of Richmond, his lordship
was appointed Lord-Lieutenant of Sussex, 6th November,
1819. He executed that important office until, in 1835, his
increasing infirmities compelled him to resign it. During the
two following years, his health rapidly declined, until his
death, which occurred at the advanced age oi 85, 11th No
vember, 1837, at Petworth. His lordship's remains were
deposited on the 21st, in a vault built by himself at Petworth.
The Earl of Egremont was distinguished no less for the
princely style of magnificence in which his correct taste
patronized the fine arts, than for the countless acts of charity
and liberality which brought down upon him the blessings of
the needy living in the neighbourhood of his palace — the
" princely Petworth," described as " the temple ofthe noblest
productions of genius, of whatever the scholar, the sculptor,
and the painter could produce." Had he not been possessed
of a splendid fortune, with a rental, of late years, of 81,0001.
per annum, his liberal spirit could not have derived enjoy
ment from dispensing during the last sixty years of his life
the immense sum of 1,200,000J. in acts of charity and libe
rality. By a lady, now deceased, who bore the name of Mrs.
Wyndham, (daughter of the Rev  Iliff, of Westminster
school,) the Earl had issue,
George, a Colonel in the army.
Henry, a Major-General in the army, of whom hereafter,
as lord of Egremont.
Charles, a Colonel in the army.
Frances, married to Sir Charles Merrick Burrell, Bart.,
and has issue.
Mary, married to George, Earl of Munster, eldest son
of his late Majesty, William IV., and has issue.
. . . ., married to John King, Esq.
The Earl left by will, Petworth, and the adjoining estates,
to Colonel George Wyndham, his lordship's eldest son ; the
Cumberland estates, to Major-General Wyndham, the second
son; to Colonel Charles Wyndham, the youngest son, the
whole of his funded property, amounting to about 220,0002.
To each of his daughters he left 45,0002.
An excellent portrait of the noble Earl, is engraved in
mezzotinto, by Reynolds, from a painting by T. Phillips,
Esq., R.A. ; a smaller copy ofthe same is in Fisher's " Na
tional Portrait Gallery."

PARISH OF EGREMONT. 49
The present Earl, George Francis, his lordship's nephew,
being the son of the Hon. Frederick William Wyndham,
(see p. 47, born 30th August, 1785,) succeeded to the old
family estate of Orchard- Wyndham, co. Somerset, and others
in Cornwall and Devonshire.*
Major-General Henry Wyndham, second son of George,
third Earl of Egremont, succeeded, on the death of his
father, in 1837, to the lordship of the barony of Egremont,
and the honor of Cockermouth, with other his estates in
Cumberland. General Wyndham is one of that annually-
decreasing number of field-officers who were present at the
brilliant achievements which have immortalized the field of
Waterloo. His Cumberland residence is Cockermouth
castle — a baronial fortress supposed to have been built
soon after the Conquest, — the seat of the lords of Allerdale,
and whose history is closely connected with that of Egre
mont, having been possessed by William de Meschines,
Fitz-Duncan, the Lucys, the Multons, the Percys, the
Seymours, and the Wyndhams.
Charities.
The National School. — This school, which is
chiefly supported by voluntary subscriptions,
affords education to about 65 children. The
present master is Mr. John Walker. It has an
endowment of about 31. per annum.
The Rev. Thomas Bern's Charity. — The Rev.
Thomas Benn, who died vicar of Millom, in 1743,
bequeathed the interest of 251. to be given in
bread to the poor, in the parish church of Egre
mont ; this charity, however, is now lost.
Mrs. Jane Birley's Charity. — Mrs. Jane Birley,
of Carleton Lodge, who died in 1833, left by
* For the above particulars respecting the late Earl of Egremont I am
mainly indebted to the Gentleman's Magazine, Jan. 1838 ; the peerages
of Collins, Sharpe, and Burke, have supplied great portions of the pedi-
greea of the former families. G

50 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
will the interest of 50/. to be distributed annually
on Good Friday to the poor of the parish who
are not receiving parochial relief.

sn&e If arte!) of Cleator.
HE parish of Cleator, —
anciently called Kekell-
terr, from the rivulet Ke-
kell, — extends about three
miles from north to south,
and one and a half from
east to west. It adjoins
the parishes of St. Bees,
Egremont, and Arlecdon,
and the chapelry of Enner-
dale. This parish claims (with Egremont) an
extensive right of common on Dent Hill — an
eminence on the opposite or left bank of. the
Ehen. A Roman road, from Egremont castle to
Cockermouth, passed through the Cleator hall
estate, and close by the village, through the estate
of Todholes, (in which it was dug up in 1815,)
and part of the Wath estate. The road was
described as eighteen feet in width, and was
formed of cobbles and freestone, all apparently
gathered from the adjacent grounds, (see page
35.) Major-General Wyndham is lord of the manor
of Cleator common.
The exhausted iron mine at Crowgarth was
worked from 1784 to about the year 1810. For
a short time it yielded annually upwards of 20,000
tons of ore, which was chiefly snipped for Hull,
g 2

52 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
and the Carron foundry, in Scotland. It was
raised from the depth of twelve fathoms ; the
thickness of the band, which was a superior kid
ney ore, was about twenty-four feet.
In this parish is a lake ; one of the islands
with which its surface is studded, is remarkable
for being the resort of a species of sea-gull, called
the Blackcap, whose nests are so numerous, that
it is a difficult matter to walk here in breeding
time, without crushing the eggs.
Near the village of Cleator is Flosh, a modern
handsome mansion, in the ancient style, erected
about 1832, the seat of T. H. Ainsworth, Esq.
The Manor.
Cleator is mentioned in an ancient chronicle
as a manor belonging, in 1315, to the monastery
of St. Bees ; at which time, James Douglas, with
a party of Scots, burned the manor house.* The
manor was enfranchised in or before the reign of
Henry VIII. : in the 35th Henry VIII., on an
inquisition of knights' fees in Cumberland, it was
found that the free tenants of Cleator held jointly
the manor of Cleator of the king in capite as of
his castle of Egremont, by the ninth part of one
knight's fee, rendering homage and suit of court,
and \2d. seawake. The Church
Was wholly appropriated to the abbey of St.
Mary at Calder. It does not occur in the Valor
* Lysons.— See Leland's Collectanea, i. 24.

PARISH OF CLEATOR. 53
Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. ; and in licenses to
the curates it was anciently called the chapel of
St. Leonard de Cleator. The original endow
ment was seven marks per annum. It was
certified to the governors of Queen Ann's bounty,
ofthe clear annual value of 67. 13s. 4d. viz. 41.
13s. 4d. from the impropriator, and 21. pension
from the crown, arising from the property of the
knights of St. John of Jerusalem. In 1702, Mr.
John Robertson had the impropriation and pa
tronage. It subsequently passed to the Gales,
and is now in the impropriation and patronage
of Thomas Richmond Gale Braddyll, Esq., of
Conishead priory, Lancashire. The registers
commence in 1572.
We have no more perfect Ust of the incum
bents of this parish than the following : —
Incumbents.
1728 John Stamper.
1730 Peter Richardson.
1731 Joseph Dixon.
1755 T. Brocklebank.
1761  Jennings
1762 John Lowther.
1763 William Stockdale.
1764 H. Nicholson.
1765 .... Aarey.
1769 Joseph Harrison.
1769 Ralph Tunsdale.
1770 John Fisher.
1772 H. Mossop.
1822 John Brunt.
The church of Cleator is an ancient building,

54 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
in a most damp and dilapidated condition. It
consists merely of a nave and chancel, of equal
height, with a bell-turret and a porch at its
western end. The turret carries two bells. The
windows are modern, excepting one on the south
side ofthe chancel, which is square-headed, of two
lights. The chancel arch is pointed. The top
of a beautiful cross is built in the south wall,
which, until of late years, enriched the apex of
the gable of a south porch,now destroyed. There
was formerly another cross on the east end of the
chancel. A new church is now (1841) about to
to be erected.

&t)r $art0f)of?f}ale.

JHE parish of Hale extends
[about four miles from
east to west, and one mile
and a half from north to
I south. It contains the
Ijoint townships of Hale
I with Wilton ; and is bound-
Jed by the parishes of Eg-
jremont, St. John's, St.
Bridget's, and St. Bees.
It includes a few of the houses in the village of
Beckermet. This parish was enclosed under an act of par
liament passed in 1811, by which, lands were
allotted to the Earl of Lonsdale, as impropriator

of the tithes.

The Manor.

This manor was granted soon after the Con
quest, with Gosforth, Bolton, and Stainton, to
Thomas Multon of Gilsland. It was subsequently
possessed by a family who took their name from
the place : in the reign of Henry III. it was
held by Alexander de Hale ; and in the 23rd Ed
ward I., Agnes and Constance, his daughters,
held it of Thomas de Multon. In an inquisition
post mortem of John de Multon in the reign of
Edward 1 1., the name of Christian appears as the
proprietor.

56 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Agnes, one of the coheiresses of the above
Alexander de Hale, brought her moiety to the
Ponsonbys ; and they eventually became possess
ed of the remainder.
The Ponsonbys of Hale were originally of
Ponsonby, where they are to be traced before the
reign of Edward II. At an earlier period, the
first of the family of whom we find any mention
was called Ponson, and his son, Fitz-Ponson.
Two younger brothers of the Ponsonbys of Hale,
Sir John and Henry, went into Ireland in 1649,
with Oliver Cromwell, who had been appointed
to reduce that country. Sir John, the elder
brother, was ancestor of the noble families of
Besborough and Ponsonby ; and Henry of the
Ponsonbys of Crotto, in Ireland. The arms of
Ponsonby are, Gules, a chevron between three
combs argent. Miles Ponsonby, Esq. died lord
of this manor in 1814 ; it is now the property of
his grandson, Miles Ponsonby, Esq. who resides
at Hale hall. Hale Hall.
This Hall was formerly " a commodious and
pleasant mansion," and has for many ages been
the residence of the ancient family of Ponsonby :
it is now the seat of Miles Ponsonby, Esq. lord
ofthe manor. The Church.
The church of Hale was appropriated, in 1345,
by the archdeacon of Richmond, to the priory of
Conishead, in Lancashire, reserving to himself
a yearly pension of 61. 8s. The benefice is not
includedinthe Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII.

PARISH OF HALE. 57
It was certified to the governors of Queen Ann's
bounty, by the Lord Viscount Lonsdale, at 11.
It is a perpetual curacy, in the patronage of the
Earl of Lonsdale, who is impropriator of the
tithes, to whom lands were allotted on the inclo-
sure of the commons. It is charged 3s. 4d.
synodals, and 6s. 8d. procurations, to be paid by
the impropriator. The present incumbent is the
Rev. John Vicars.
The church is a plain building, chiefly remark
able for its beautiful and secluded situation, at
some little distance from the village.

Cft t |Jari0t) of JHoresfij?

OMPRISES two townships,
1 Moresby and Parton, and
contains about three square
miles, extending a mile and
a half in length and breadth.
It is bounded on the south,
by the township of White
haven ; on the west, by the
sea ; on the north, by the parishes of Harrington
and Distington ; and on the east, by Arlecdon. Ac
cording to Mr. John Denton, Moresby derives its
name from one Maurice or Moris, a Welshman,
" who first seated himself there ; the ruins of
whose mansion-house, yet appearing, approves
the same." One of his family gave lands in
Moresby to the abbey of St. Mary, Holme-
Cultram. The commons were enclosed about
the year 1774 ; since which time the land in this
parish has been greatly improved by careful cul
tivation. The village of Moresby, which was described
about fifty years ago, as consisting of " a few in
different cottages," now contains some very good
houses. It is pleasantly situated on the road
from Whitehaven to Workington, about two
miles n. by e. of the former place.
The parish abounds with coal ; the colliery
from which coals were formerly shipped from
Parton, was disused for many years following

PARISH OF MORESBY. 59
1770, but has been since worked; and there is
also a quarry of excellent free-stone.
Moresby-house, the seat of John Hartley, Esq.
is a modern mansion, pleasantly situated in the
village of Moresby. The Roman Station.
Of this Station, Horsley, in the essay on the
Notitia, in his " most admirable work," Britannia
Romana, says, " Arbeia appears to me to have been
the most iiortherlv of the stations, which were
ar '
next to those per lineam valli : for after mention
of the stations garrisoned by horse, which were in
the southern part of Yorkshire, the Notitia sets
down those which were garrisoned by several
numeri ; and of these, Arbeia is the first. Cam
den, from affinity of names, took this for Ireby in
Cumberland ; but as there are no remains of a
station at Ireby, so I could never learn upon
inquiry, that there were any other Roman anti
quities ever found there : and the argument from
affinity of names is of less force, because there
is another place of the same name in Lancashire.
Harby-brow, or Harby-burgh, by the name might
bid as fair at least, as Ireby, from which it is dis
tant about two or three miles ; but I found the
same objections lie against that. I met with the
hke disappointment at Workington, where some
have said, that there must have been a Roman
station ; for I could discover no appearance of it,
nor hear of any Roman coins, inscriptions, or
other antiquities found thereabout : The borough
walls, where the station is supposed to have been,
is about a mile from the town, and not much less
h 2

60 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
from 1;he river, but on the opposite side : a good
part of the walls are yet standing ; by which it
appears to have been only one of those old towns,
which we so frequently see in the north, and
which sometimes bear the name of Burgh or
Brugh : I saw no appearance of a ditch, no re
mains of other buildings about it, or near it ; and
in short, nothing that looked hke a Roman sta
tion or town : if it has ever been a Roman fort
of any kind, I think it must only have been one
of those small exploratory castella, which some
observe to have been placed along the' coast : it
has a large prospect into the sea, but little to
wards the land. At Moresby I met with evident
proofs, though little remains, of a station. In a
field which lies between that town and Parton,
called the Crofts, they continually plough up stones
and cement, which have all the usual appearance
of being Roman ; and besides the Roman inscrip
tions mentioned in Camden, I saw two other
monuments of that nature myself; yet it is not
easy now to discern the limits of the station.
The field in which the stones are now ploughed up
looked to me rather like the place of the town,
than the station. There appeared, as I thought,
somewhat like two sides of a fort near the church.
Perhaps the station, or part of it, has been de
stroyed, or washed away by the sea, towards which
there is a very large prospect. The order, in
which Arbeia, is mentioned in the Notitia, suits
very well with the supposition that this is the
place ; for Moresby is nine or ten computed miles
from EUenborough, which station I take to be the
last of those contained under the title per lineam
valli. The remains indeed are not so large and

PARISH OF MORESBY. 61'
conspicuous, as might be expected in a Notitia
station ; but those have different degrees as well
as others. According to the Notitia-, the Numer-
us Barcariorum Tigritensium were in garrison at
Arbeia." Dr  Lord Bishop of Cloyne, remarks
on the above account by Horsley: — -"there is
great reason to think Arbeia, another of these
stations, mentioned in the Notitia, was at Mores
by, two miles north-east of Whitehaven, though
Camden was inclined to fix it at Ireby. That
there was a station at Moresby is evident by its
remains, and it is one of the few instances in
which the accuracy of Horsley has failed him :
for though he allowed the inscriptions found here
to be Roman, he has too hastily observed that
there are hardly any marks of the station itself;
other antiquaries have been more fortunate in
discovering it ; the site is in a field, on the side
of the village, towards Parton, called the Crofts,
and the church stands (as is often the case,)
within its area. It is a square of 400 feet, on an
elevation, overlooking several creeks still fre
quented by small craft, and shews that one reason
of its being placed here was to protect the coast
against the invasions of the northern and western
pirates. The west Agger is perfectly plain, and
the stones of the south wall still appear through
the turf that covers them. A body of Africans
formed its garrison ; Stukeley saw a Roman road
pointing over the moors towards Papcastle ; but
as if the spot was to be fatal to the characters of
all our antiquaries, he has read Horsley's 75th
Cumberland inscription, which was found here,
in a manner almost .as erroneous, as his very lu-

62 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
dicrous interpretation of the Greek line on the
altar at Corbridge."
Camden says,* " here the shore goes on a little
retreating, and it appears from the ruins of walls,
that wherever the landing was easy it was forti
fied by the Romans. For it was the extreme
boundary of the Roman empire, and this coast
was particularly exposed to the Scots when they
spread themselves like a deluge over this island
from Ireland. Here is Moresby, a little village,
where, from these fortifications, we may conclude
was a station for ships. Here are many traces
of antiquity in the vaults and foundations, many
caverns called Picts holes, many fragments of
inscriptions are here dug up, one of which has
the name of LVCIVS SEVERINVS ORDI-
NATVS ; another COH. VII. I saw there this
altar, lately dug up, with a small horned statue
of Silvanus : DEO SILVAN..
COH. II. LING.
CVI PRiEiES..
G. POMPEIVS M...
SATVRNIN.. Deo Silvano
Cohors 2da Lingonum
Cui praeest
G. Pompeiiis M.
Saturninus.
"The following fragment was copied and
transmitted to me by J. Fletcher, lord of the
place :
* Gough's ed. iii. p. 421.

PARISH OF MORESBY. 63.

OB PROSPE..
RITATEM CVLMINIS
INSTITVTI.

" But none has yet been found that determine
it to have been Morbivm, where the Equites
Cataphractarii were stationed, which the name
in some sort insinuates."
Mr. Horsley, who gives the above minute
account of the station as it appeared when he
wrote, about the year 1730, says : —
" There is an original inscription yet remain
ing at a style, in a field called Inclose, a little
east of Moresby Hall, but pretty much effaced
and broken. D M
..SMERT OMAC
MCOHI ..HRAC. .Q.STII
XVICSIT
XXX. QV
" It is sepulchral, and has contained the name of
the person deceased, with his age, and the years
he had served in the army : for I take the last
letters in the last line but two to have been stip^
for Stipendiorum, and vicsit in the following line
to stand for vixit. This soldier may have had
three names, the letter for the prsenomen seems
to have been defaced ; the other two might be

64 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Smerius Tomacius, for Smerius is a family name
in Gruter. I think the fourth and fifth hnes
must have been Miles Cohortis Secundce Thra-
cum. I prefer Secundas before Primse, though
only one letter appears, because there is room
for another ; and this second Cohort of Thraci
ans, according to the Notitia, kept garrison at
Gabrosentum : and though I do not imagine that
Moresby was Gabrosentum, yet this may favour
the opinion, that Gabrosentum was at the western
end of the wall. The head of the deceased is in
the pediment at the top, and I believe, the inscrip
tion has been continued further at the bottom.
The Q in the last line, I believe, stands for Que :
and though it be placed before the V for quinque,
yet I beheve, it is designed to join it to the pre
ceding numerals.
"There is another curious sculpture, though
not executed with a fine taste. I know not
whether it may have been sepulchral, for there
is no inscription upon the stone. The dress and
scroll in the hand look senatorial. The features
of the face are become very obscure. I found
this stone at a style near the other.
" The originals of those inscriptions, what
Camden has given us, I could not discover ; no
doubt since his time they are lost or destroyed.
" It is hard to know what to make of the last
inscription, since the former part is wanting. It
seems as if some edifice had been built or repaired,
to which it has a reference ; and the seventh
Cohort, mentioned before, which was probably
of the 20th legion detached from Chester, might
be employed in this* wOrk> and Severinus have
the charge of it : but this is- uncertain.

PARISH OF MORESBY. 65
" As for the altar inscribed to the god Silvanus
by the Cohors secunda Luigonum, there is no
difficulty in it, except in the fourth line at the
end, and the M there must either have been
another name of the commander, or else there
may have been an F after it, for Marci films''
The Manor.
Moresby is supposed to have taken its name
from a possessor, Moris, in the time of William
Rufus ; and " in process of time this place gave
name to its owners, the Moresbys" or Moricebys,
of which family was Ucknard, who gave common
here to the abbot of St. Mary's of Holme-Cultram.
That family held the manor for many generations,
until the male line failed in Sir Christopher
Moriceby, knight, which ocurred before the year
1500. His daughter and heiress, Anne, married
Sir James Pickering, of Killington, co. Westmor
land, knight, who had a daughter Anne, heiress
both to the Moresby and Pickering estates. She
was thrice married: her first husband was Sir
Francis Westby ; she married secondly, Sir Henry
Knevett ; and thirdly, John Vaughan, Esq. In
an inquisition of knights' fees in Cumberland, in
the 35th Henry VIII., it was found that Henry
Knevett and Anne his wife, in right of the said
Anne, held the manor of Moresby, with the ap
purtenances, of the king, as of his castle of Egre
mont, by knight's service, and rendering for the
same yearly 52s. 7c?. cornage.
In the 19th of Elizabeth, the lady Anne being
yet living, this manor was sold by Thomas Knevett,
Esq., probably her son by the second husband,

66 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
to William Fletcher, of Cockermouth, gentleman,
descended from an elder branch of the Fletchers
of Hutton. His son and heir, Henry Fletcher,
of Moresby, Esq., had a son, William, who died
unmarried, and was succeeded by his brother
Henry: his son, William, had a son, Thomas,
who became possessed of Hutton by the gift of
Sir Henry Fletcher, Bart., a distant relation, who
retired to a monastery at Douai, in Flanders, and
settled nearly all his property upon him. (See
vol. i. Leath Ward, p. 430.)
After the death of the above Thomas Fletcher,
the last of his family, Moresby was sold, under a
decree in Chancery, in 1720, to John Brougham,
Esq. of Scales, by whom, in 1737, it was convey
ed to Sir James Lowther, of Whitehaven, Bart,
ancestor of the Earl of Lonsdale, the present
proprietor. Moresby Hall
Is situated on the west side of the road leading
from Workington to Whitehaven. It has a
spacious front, of three stories, facing the south :
the principal windows have alternate rounded
and angular pediments ; and over the principal
entrance is a shield, charged with the arms of
Fletcher, formerly lords of the manor, by whom
probably the hall was repaired. A copious spring
of water rises from under the foundation of one
of the walls in the small court-yard on the north
side of the hall. The interior is so much mo
dernized, at least in the principal apartments, as
scarcely to retain any marks of its antiquity : the
ancient and spacious stair-case, however, is yet

PARISH OF MORESBY. 67
preserved. Some years since several skeletons
were dug up in the entrance-hall : they were
enclosed in slates, but had no coffins. The hall
is now the residence of the Misses Tate.
The Church.
The benefice is a rectory, in the patronage
of the Earl of Lonsdale, the lord of the manor.
It is valued in the King's Books at 6/. 2s. 3|e/.,
and was certified to the governors of queen Ann's
bounty at 23/. clear yearly value ; viz. tithe corn
12/., glebe 21., modus for hay tithe 21. 10s., wool
and lamb 11., prescription for the tithes of the
demesne lands of Moresby hall 41., other small
tithes and Easter offerings 11., surplice fees 10s.
The hving is thus entered in the Valor Eccle-
siasticus of Henry VIII.
Moresby Sector' Eccl'ie.
Karolus Martingdall incumbens. Rector'
p'dca. valet in „ ,
Mansione cum gleba per an- > ' .~s
num
Decim' granos. lxxiijs. iiijrf.

- v vi
num J J
acim' granos. lxxiijs. iiijrf.^
Ian' & agnell' xiijs. iiijd. I
feni ix*. decim' pisciu. I
marinos. vjs. iiijd. minut' & )>vj — —
privat' decim' cu. oblac' I
ut in libro paschal' xviijs.

£ a. d.
>vj v vj

In tot' Eepris' vis. in £ s. d.
Sinod' xiijd.procurac' ijs.iiij^. — uj jjij
£ a. d.
Et valet clare vj ij ij
Xma. ps. inde — xij ij ob' q'
i 2

68 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
List of Rectors.
 Charles Martindale, occurs 1535.
1668 Ra. Calvert.
1711 Francis Yates.
1720 Peter Farrish.
1728 Francis Yates.
1735 Peter Richardson, ob. 1754.
1754 W. Watts.
1789 Henry Nicholson, ob. 1812.
 Richard Armitstead, M.A.*
 .... Thompson.
 Andrew Hudleston, M.A.
1837 Fletcher Woodhouse.
The old church, taken down about 1822, con
sisted of a nave and chancel, with a south porch,
and a bell-turret at its western end. The arch
which formed the communication between the
nave and the chancel, is left standing in the church
yard. It is obtusely pointed, with plain mould
ings springing from circular piers.
The present church, a modern structure erect
ed in 1822, dedicated to St. Bridget, stands
detached from the village, and within the area of
the Roman station. Many Roman coins were
found in digging for the foundation. The church
is a handsome edifice, with a square tower, en
gaged, and three galleries. Over the stair-case
door leading into the gallery are the arms of the
Earl of Lonsdale, the lord of the manor.
The church contains the three following mon
umental inscriptions. — A tablet on the south
wall is inscribed. —
* Died in 1831, incumbent of St. James's chapel, Whitehaven.

PARISH OF MORESBY. 69
In Memory of
MARY HARTLEY, the Wife of
Milham Hartley, of Rose Hill,
who died the 19 December, 1833,
Aged 56 years.
MILHAM HARTLEY, Esq.
of Rose Hill,
who died the 30 May, 1839/
Aged 68 years.
On another —
To the Memory of the REV. PETER RICHARDSON,
Late Rector of this Parish, who died March ye 13, 1754,
aged 48 years.
MARGARET his Widow died April 18, 1773, aged 79 years.-
PHEBE their daughter died May 22, 1759, aged 24 years.
MARGARET their daughter died August 7, 1785,
aged 49 years.
Near the entrance to the gallery —
In memory ofthe
REVEREND HENRY NICHOLSON,
late Rector of this Parish, who died
March 17, 1812, aged 56 years.
JOHN their son died April 25, 1817,
aged 22 years.
WILSON their son died March 30, 1797,
aged 6 weeks.
The REV. HENRY NICHOLSON their son, who •
died October 22, 1824, aged 26 years.
Parton.
Parton is a considerable fishing village, on the
sea shore, below the precipitous heights occupied
by the Roman station, and half a mile south-west
of Moresby. Attempts at constructing a harbour
at Parton were made by the Fletcher and Lam
plugh family in 1680 and 1695 : the proceedings

70 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
being stopped by an injunction from the court of
exchequer. In 1695, Mr. Lamplugh was allowed
to repair the small old pier. An act of parlia
ment for enlarging the pier and harbour of Parton
passed in 1705 ; another act for rebuilding the
pier and harbour passed in 1724; and a third
act, for enlarging the term of that last-mentioned,
in 1 732. Several vessels were employed in the
coal-trade here till the year 1795, when the pier
was washed away by an unusually high tide, and
has not since been rebuilt.*
The Free School at Parton was built in 1818,
by the late Joseph Williamson, Esq., who en
dowed it with a freehold estate, which produces
42/. per annum, and is situated in Arlecdon
parish. The founder's nephew, Chilwell William
son, Esq., of Luton, in Bedfordshire, has since
bequeathed a house, in Parton, for the residence
of the master, who, by the deed of settlement, is
to teach 60 free scholars, under the superinten-
dance of three resident trustees, and five other
respectable gentlemen. The benefit of this charity
is restricted to the poor children of Parton ; and
the bishops of Carlisle and Chester are appointed
governors and visitors. The trustees, &c, are to
hold an anniversary meeting on the first Tuesday
in July, to scrutinize the master's conduct, and
the proficiency of his pupils.f
* Lysons. t Parson and White.

€l)t Uarigij of &rIedron.

IHE parish of Arlecdon,
Arlecden, or Arlochden,ex-
tends about four miles
from north to south, and
two and a half from east
to west. It is bounded
by the parishes of St.
Bees, Distington, Mores
by, and Cleator, and the
parish of Dean and the
parochial chapelry of Loweswater, in Derwent
Ward. It contains the manors of Arlecdon and
Frisington, and the townships of Arlecdon, High
and Low Frisington, and Whillimore. The
principal part of the parish is customary tenure,
holden under the Right Hon. the Earl of Lons
dale, and the Lady le Fleming of Rydal Hall,
Westmorland. Coal, iron ore, and limestone are
obtained in this parish.
Neither the situation, nor the component parts
of the word, favour the derivation given of the
name of this place by Nicolson and Burn, who sup
pose it is derived from the Erse or Irish Ar-fioch-
den, signifying " a place at the bottom of a deep
Valley." From the stone quarries in various
parts of the parish, we should be more inclined
to derive it from the British word Arlech, signi
fying, upon a rock, and dun, elevated ground.

72 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The village of Arlecdon is situated about six
miles east by north of Whitehaven : cattle-fairs
are held here, April 24th, the first Friday in June,
and September 17th.
The Roman road leading from Egremont castle
to Cockermouth passed through this parish and
the township of Frisington.
The Messrs. Lysons state, it appears from the
register, that of the parishioners buried here, one
in six were aged from 80 to 89 inclusive ;* and
about one in forty, from 90 to 99 inclusive.
In this parish are two Sunday schools in con
nection with the established church ; one of
which has been licensed hy the bishop for Divine
service. The Manor of Arlecdon.
This manor, which is a fee of Beckermet, was
granted by William de Meschines, lord of Egre
mont, to Sir Michael le Fleming, knight, ancestor
of the Lady le Fleming, of Rydal hall, the present
proprietor. The Manor of Frisington
Is also a fee of Beckermet, and was anciently
held by a family of the same name, whose last
heir male in the reign of Henry IV. left three
daughters and coheiresses : — Johanna, married to
Richard Sackfield ; Agnes, married to John Law-
son ; and Margaret, who married John Atkinson ;
by whom it was sold to William Leigh, in whose
* The general average proportion of those who attain the age of 80, is
said to be one in thirty-two ; and in London, one in forty. — lysons.

PARISH OF ARLECDON. 73
family it remained until purchased of a descendant
by Anthony Patrickson. From that family it
passed to the Williamsons, who sold it (excepting
the Parks) to Sir James Lowther, of Whitehaven,
Baronet, ancestor of the Right Hon. the Earl of
Lonsdale, the present lord.
A grandson of the above Anthony Patrickson
sold the Parks, part ofthe demesne of this manor,
to the Fletchers of Hutton, from whom it passed
by purchase to the Lamplughs. The lands in
this manor were enclosed under an act of parlia
ment passed in 1805.
The following boundary of the manor of Fris
ington, taken in the year 1410, is "from the re
cords of Arlecdon parish :" —
Ye Ambulation and y° Bounder of ye Lordshipp of Fris
ington, made and viewed in the ye presence of divers
worshippful gentlemen, and by xii tenants, sworne and
tryed, whose names hereafter follow, ye 14th daye of
June, in ye yeare and reigne of our Sovaraigne dread
Kyng Henry* ye iv Kyng of Englande ye xith.
Ye Ambulation and Bounder of ye Lordshipp of Frizing-
ton, made and viewed in yc presence of" Sir William
Martyndale, Knight, being Steward to the Earle of Northum
berland within ye Honor of Cockermouth, John deLamplough,
Christopher Curwen, knights, William Osmotherlie, knight ;
Thomas Sandys, Thomas de Louther, Esq1* by the bodilye
oathes of John Robinson of Erizington, William Hird, Robin
Mylner, Eichard Johnston, Eichard Dickinson, William
Gibson, Nicholas Woode, Thomas Hird, Richard Towerson,
Nicholas Benn of Bowthorne, John Reison, Wm. Gill, Robin
Thompson, Richard Richardson, sworne, tryed and examined,
and upon y'a bodylie oaths sayes att ye beginnynge, First att
ye foote of Millgille going upp bye ye Long-tayle and soe
upp Millbeck to Sawtor Pyke to Wynder Scotle, and soe upp
ye chaunnel to ye Smyddie Syke, and soe lyen and lyen to
ye Harper Stone to ye Berent Keld falling into ye Dubb
Beck, and soe down ye channell to ye Hollow Dyke where
* Henry was crowned Oct. 13, 1399.
K

74 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
sometyme dwelled John Humson, and soe downe ye channel!
to Lynebank Cragg, and soe downe ye chaunnel falling into
Keekle to ye foote of Gaytwray, and soe upp ye chaunnel to
ye foote of Uter Croft to ye Crooke of Wenar, and soe downe
ye channel bye Bowthorne to ye Sandyefforde of Norbeck,
and soe upp.ye channell bye Ingrehowe and yn about Thar-
sagamell and soe through ye Black Moss to ye Borren of
Stones, and soe from ye Borren of Stones lyen and lyen to
ye Stones in ye Damage Dubb, and soe from Damage Dubb
to ye great Stone in ye breaste of Rattanrowe Dyke, and spe
upp ye Dyke lyen and lyen to ye Mere Syke, and soe downe
ye Mere Syke to three Stones in ye Crooke of Rattanrowe
Dyke, and soe upp ye Dyke to ye Wholebeck, and soe downe
ye chaunnel to Kinnysyde, and soe into Eyne, and soe upp
Eyne to ye foote of Millgille, with common of pasture for
ye Lordshipp of Frizington with ye Lord Harryngton and
within ye Lordshipp of Lamplough to a place called Kidr
bornegille in Arlechden.  Given ye daye and yeare above.
A true copie of ye Bounder of Frizington made in ye
xith yeare of" Henry ye ffourth, transcribed by me, William
Williamson.
The Church.
The church of Arlecdon is dedicated to St-
Michael ; the hving was a rectory until the thir
teenth century. In the 26th Henry III. (1241)
it was given by John le Fleming to the abbey
of St. Mary, Calder, and soon afterwards, (47th
Henry III.) was appropriated and annexed to
the archdeaconry of Richmond, by Godfrey de
Ludham, archbishop of York.*
The benefice is now a perpetual curacy : the
Bishop of Chester is appropriator and patron.
It was certified to the governors of Queen Anne's
bounty at the clear annual value of 10/. ; and in
or about the year 1764 was augmented with 600/.
* See further particulars, under the account of the parish of St. John,
page 16.

PARISH OF ARLECDON. 75
by the Countess-dowager Gower in conjunction
with the above bounty; and again in 1810, with
the sum of 200/., being part of the parliamentary
grant of that year. The lessees ofthe tithes
are the land-owners ; the lessor is the Bishop of
Chester. This benefice does not occur in the
Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII.
Incumbents.
c. 1725 Thomas Baxter,* ob. 1787.
c. 1787 John Baxter, ob. 1798.
c. 1198 Joseph Fullerton, ob. 1829.
1829 George Wilkinson, B.D.
The present Church, which was built about
the year 1829, consists ofa nave and chancel, with
a bell turret. The only monument in the church
is one erected In Memory of JOSEPH STEELE, Esq.
of Acrewalls,
Who departed this life, Sept. 30th, 1835,
aged 87 years.
* Incumbent curate for the long space of 62 years ; ob. 1787, aged 87.
It is not a little remarkable that this parish has had only four incumbents
for the space of 116 .years.

K 2

Wtft $arisi) Of IDtstington

IS of small extent, containing
] about three square miles, and is
divided into two constablewicks.
It is bounded by Moresby,
Harrington, Arlecdon, and Lam-
lplugh, and Dean in Derwent
j|jWard, and contains coal-mines
i and extensive limestone quarries
I and kilns, the property of the
HP^ Earl of Lonsdale and James
Robertson Walker, Esq. now (1841) high-sheriff
of the county. At Barngill is a quarry yielding
millstones and grindstones. The lands are of
freehold tenure under the Earl of Lonsdale.
The parish contains three mansions : — Gilgar
ron, the seat of James Robertson Walker, Esq.
the present (1841) high-sheriff of the county ;
Belle Vue, the residence of John Stanley, Esq.
M.D. ; and Prospect Hill, the seat of Captain
Caldecot. The parochial school, erected in 1754, has no
endowment, excepting three acres of land taken
out of the common when the school-house was
built. The village giving name to the parish is
on the high-road from Whitehaveruto Working
ton. In the year 1811 or 181 2, a number of silver
coins were found in a field belonging to Mr. Isaac
Dixon, of Distington; the greatest part were

PARISH OF DISTINGTON. 77
struck in the reigns of Elizabeth, James I. and
Charles I. They were found beneath an oak
tree, — supposed to have been planted as a guide
to the concealed treasure.
The Messrs. Lysons state that the register
shews that of the parishioners buried here, from
1784 to 1814, about one in six had attained the
ages of 80 to 89 inclusive ; and about one in
thirty-one, from 90 to 99 inclusive.
The Manor.
The manor of Distington, in the reigns of
Richard I. and King John, belonged to Gilbert
de Dundraw, son of Sir Gilbert de Dundraw,
knight, son of Odard de Logis, lord ofthe barony
of Wigton. This Gilbert was lord of Distington,
Crofton, and Dundraw, and he gave lands in the
two former places to the abbey of St. Mary,
Holme-Cultram, and the priory of St. Mary,
in Carlisle. He had issue a daughter, Isolda,
married to Adam de Tinemouth. In the 42nd
Henry III, they gave the fourth part of Distington
and the advowson of the rectory to Thomas, son
of Lambert de Multon. Another daughter was
married to Stephen de Crofton, and they gave,
in the 6th Edward I., their part of Distington to
Thomas de Moresby and Margaret his wife.
This Margaret exchanged it with her brother
Thomas Lucy for lands in Thackthwaite ; and
he parted with it to the Moresbys, for Bracken-
thwaite in Loweswater.
It appears from the escheats in the reign of
Richard III. that Distington became vested in
the family of Dykes ; and in the 2nd year of that

78 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
reign, 1484, William Dykes presented to the
rectory. In the 35th Henry VIII. Thomas
Dykes held the manor of the king, as of his castle
of Egremont, by homage and fealty, and suit of
court, paying 10s. cornage, lid. seawake, and
puture of the Serjeants ; and in the 4th Philip
and Mary, Leonard Dykes presented a rector.
This manor passed by marriage to the Fletchers,
and after the death of the last of that family, it
was sold under a decree of chancery in 1720.
John Brougham, Esq. of Scales, who was then
the purchaser, in 1737, conveyed it to Sir James
Lowther, Bart. It is now the property of the
Earl of Lonsdale. Hayes Castle
Is supposed to have been the ancient manor-house.
Camden mentions it as "respectable for its an
tiquity, which the people told me once belonged to
the noble families of Moresby and Distinton."
This castle, of which there are now few remains,
occupies a mount about half a mile south of the
village. Mr. Hutchinson, in his Excursion to the
Lakes, published in 1776, described it as being
then " a confused heap of broken walls, defended
anciently by an outward wall, and a deep ditch
of circular form." Its gray ruins are yet dis
tinguishable from the road.
It has been severed from the manor, and is
now the property of Thomas Hartley, Esq. of
Gillfoot, near Egremont, whose ancestor purchas
ed it of Anthony Dickenson.

parish of distington.
The Church.

79

The church of Distington is in the patronage
of the Earl of Lonsdale. The living is a rectory ;
valued in the King's Books at 11. Is. 0|d, and
was certified to the governors of Queen Ann's
bounty at 67/. 19s. 2d. : — "house, garden, church
yard, and glebe 25/. ; tithe corn of Distington 16/.
5s. ; of Gilgarren and Stubskills 13/. ; of the out
side of Smith's gill 51. ;. wool and lamb 3/. ; pre
scription for hay and hemp 41. ; Easter dues and
surplice fees 21. 10s. — Deductions: tenths and
acquittance 14s. 5d. ; synodals and acquittance
Is. 5d."
The glebe belonging to the rectory consists of
530 acres.
In the Ecclesiastical Survey made in the year
1535 this rectory is valued as follows : —
Distington Bector' Eccl'ie.

Will'm's Curwen incumbens. Rector p'dca.
valet in
Mansione cum gleba per an
num
Decim' granos. et feni iiijfS"
vj*. viij^. decim' Ian' &
agnell xijs.pisciu. marinos.
iijs. lini & canabi ij«. ijd.
minut' & privat' decim'
ut in libro paschal' xxs.
In tot' ¦
Repris' viz. in
Sinod' xiijd. procurac' xxijd.
Et valet clare
Xma. ps. inde

£ s. d.^

 XXV 

£
s.
d.
>vij
»j
X
— cxviij x
-
£
*.
d.
—
ij
xj
£
s.
d.
vij
—
xj
—
xiiij
ja*
80 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
List of Rectors.
 William Curwen, occurs 1535.
 .... Fletcher, occurs about 1642.
1669 Richard Armstead. ,
1685 Richard Tickell.
1692 Lancelot Teasdale.
1712 John Dalton.
1729 W. Briscoe.
1745 Thomas Sewell.
1747 Thomas Spedding.
1753 W. Lowther.
1785 Thomas Wilson Morley.
1813 Henry Lowther, M.A.
The church is situated on an eminence, west
of the village, commanding an extensive prospect
of mountain scenery. It is an ancient building,
and consists of a nave and chancel, a south porch,
a bell-turret at the western end, carrying two
bells, and a vestry on the north side. The porch
is seated and has a pointed arch. The west
window is of three round-headed lights, but is
covered by a modern stair-case leading into the
gallery ; in the wall is a shield, apparently charged
with the arms of Curwen, fretty and a chief. The
north windows of the nave are modern ; but
those on the south side have each two round
headed lights under dripstones. There is a stone
font, of a square form, under the organ, at the
western end, which bears the date, 1662. The
nave and chancel are connected by a pointed
arch; the latter is lighted by a modern east
window, and a square window on each side.
On the north wall of the chancel is a plate
inscribed —

PARISH OF DISTINGTON. 81
Under y« stone, marked P. W. lyes the body of JANE the wife of
Mr. Peter Walker of Parton, who departed this life, September yc 5th
Anno Dom. 1725, aged 66. She was syster to the Rev, Mr. Teasdale,
late Rector of this Parish.
On the south wall of the nave is a marble tab
let, beneath these arms, — a chevron,,charged with
five ermine spots, between three leopards' heads,
and the motto, Auxilium meum ab alto. The
tablet is inscribed —
Sacred to the Memory
of
ROBERT BLAKENEY, Esq.
(The last surviving son of George Augustus
Blakeney, Esq. and Mary his wife,)
who died upon the 6th day of November, 1822,
aged 64 years.
He was an acting Magistrate, and a
Deputy Lieutenant of this County.
In the church-yard are two tomb-stones in
memory of some other branches of this family.
Near the church is a very neat Sunday School,
" erected by the Parish, 1836."

®f)C ©arial) of &am»Iug!i.
I HIS parish is bounded on
the south, by the chapelry
of Ennerdale ; on the west,
by Arlecdon and Disting
ton parishes ; on the north,
by Dean, in the Ward of
Derwent ; and on the east,
by the parochial chapelry
of Loweswater,inthe same
ward, and Crummock-wa-
ter. It extends about six miles from north to south,
and its breadth is about three miles. This parish is
divided into four townships — Lamplugh, Kelton,
Murton, and Winder. Its mineral products are
lime and iron : the former is much wrought ; but
the latter is dormant at present.
Mr. John Denton supposes that " the place was
originally named Glan-Flough, or Glan-Fillough,
of the Irish inhabitants before the Conquest,
which word signifies the Wet Dale, vallis humida ;
and thereof is formed the present word, Lamplugh,
or Lanflogh."
The same writer also says, " Lamplugh in the
fells, is that manor-house and seignory in the
barony of Egremont, which gave name to the
ancient family of Lamplughs ; a race of valourous
gentlemen, successively for their worthyness
knyghted in the field, all or most of them."
On an eminence in the Stockhow Hall estate,

PARISH OF LAMPLUGH. 83
in this parish, are the remains of a druidical circle,
called Standing Stones. Only the northern seg
ment is now to be seen ; the remainder having
been blasted and removed a few years ago to
make fences with. The part remaining consists
of six large stones, of the kind provincially called
the smooth blue cobble, placed at irregular dis
tances, varying from eighteen paces to one ; and
the circle, when perfect, may have been one
hundred paces in diameter. The stones are
mostly of an oblong figure, placed endwise in the
circumference of the circle ; four of the largest
are nearly four feet in height above ground, and
are supported in an upright position by other
large stones around their bases underground.
The neighbouring rock is of limestone. We can
ascertain no tradition relating to the stones
beyond the name, which is common to similar
erections in other parts of the kingdom.
There is a tradition of an oak-tree having
grown in the forest, on the steep southern side
of Blake Fell, where now is nothing but the naked
and moving debris of the slate rock, and from
which a table was made of a single plank, nearly
four feet in width, and several yards in length,
to grace the hall of the manorial residence of
the Lamplughs. On the demolition of the an
cient residence, for materials wherewith to erect
the modern house and farm buildings, the table
was cut into two lengths, and the half of it now
stretches entirely across the roomy farm kitchen —
a noble, though much diminished specimen of the
growth of the oak in the days when the squirrel
was chased from Lamplugh Fells to Moresby,
without its alighting on the ground. So closely
l 2

84 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
was the country afforested for many miles, where
now are only stunted hedgerows.
The Roman road from Egremont to Cocker
mouth passed through this parish, "close by
Lamplugh Cross and Street gate."
A great part of this parish is very elevated,
and commands an extensive prospect in Scotland,
and on the Irish Sea, including the Isle of Man.
Near Lamplugh Hall is a mineral spring, of a
powerful astringent quality. An ancient cross,
which until lately remained in the parish, has
shared the fate of the old hall, and has been
wantonly destroyed. The Manor.
The manor of Lamplugh, at a very early period,
belonged to William de Lancaster, baron of Ken
dal, who gave it with Workington, in exchange
for Middleton, in Lonsdale, to Gospatric, son of
Orme, lord of Seaton, in Derwent Ward. William
de Lancaster was "a great commander under
Henry II. in the wars against David of Scotland,
and Earl Henry, his son, and helped to recover
the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland
from the Scots, which King Stephen had given
them." Gospatric died seised of Lamplugh, and
his son Thomas gave it to Robert Lamplugh and
his heirs, " for paying yearly a pair of gilt spurs
to the lord of Workington."
Lamplugh of Lamplugh.
Arms: — Or, a cross floree, sable.
Crest. — A goat's head couped proper ; according to Ly
sons, A goat's head argent, attire and beard 6r.

PARISH OF LAMPLUGH. 85
Of the knightly family of the Lamplughs, the late Rev.
Thomas Lamplugh, prebendary of York, and rector of Cop-
grove, co. York, was the last male heir: he died in 1783.
His sisters and co-heiresses married Wolley, Raper, and
Pawson. Richard Lamplugh, Esq. the last of a branch of
this family settled at Ribtonand Dovenby, in Derwent Ward,
died in 1764.* The present lord of the manor and patron
of the rectory of Lamplugh is John Lamplugh Lamplugh
Raper, Esq.
The pedigree of this family certified by John Lamplugh,
Esq. at Sir William Dugdale's visitation, in 1665, is as fol
lows : —
Sir Robert de Lamplugh, knight, lord of Lamplugh and
of Hailkard, co. Lancaster, temp. Henry II. and Richard I.,
who was succeeded by his son,
Sir Adam de Lamplugh, knight, who lived in the reigns
of Richard I. and King John. He had a confirmation of
Lamplugh to him and his heirs, with divers rights and im
munities, from Richard de Lucy, lord of Egremont, as lord
paramount. Sir Robert de Lamplugh, knight, 43rd Henry III. He
married Meliora ....," an inheritrix ; for on her marriage
her husband paid a relief to king Henry the third."
Ralphe de Lamplugh,. 7th Edward I. Margaret, his
widow, was impleaded by the lord of Workington for the
wardship of Robert her son, whereby she lost the tuition of
him. Sir Robert de Lamplugh, knight, married Constance ....
and had issue, John, Raphe, William, and a daughter,.
Christian. Sir John de Lamplugh, knight, 9th Edward I.
Raphe de Lamplugh, 13th Edward III. ; married Eliza
beth, daughter of ... . Preston.
John de Lamplugh.
Sir Thomas de Lamplugh, knight, had issue John, Robert,.
Nicholas, Thomas, William, and Raphe.
* Lysons.

86 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
John de Lamplugh 20th Richard II.
Hugh de Lamplugh, 12th Henry IV. ; married Margaret,
daughter of Thomas Pickering.
Sir John de Lamplugh, knight, married Margaret, daughter
of John Eglesfield.
Thomas de Lamplugh, 7th Edward IV. ; married Eleanor,
daughter of Henry Fenwick.
¦John de Lamplugh, 19th Edward IV.
John de Lamplugh, 1st Henry VII. ; married Isabel,
daughter of John Pennington. He had a daughter, Eleanor,
married to Thomas Senhouse, Esq.
Sir John Lamplugb, knight, 27th Henry VIII. ; married
Catharine, daughter and co-heiress of Guy Eorster, of How-
some, co. York.
John Lamplugh, Esq. married Isabel, daughter of Christo
pher Stapleton, of Wighill, co. York, Esq.
John Lamplugh, Esq. married Isabel, daughter of Sir John
Pennington, knight.
Sir John Lamplugh, knight, married Isabel, daughter of
Sir Christopher Curwen, knight, by whom he had issue,
John, Anne, and Elizabeth.
John Lamplugh, Esq. married, firstly, Jane, daughter of
.... Blenuerhasset, by whom lie had issue, Edward; and
secondly Isabel, daughter of  Stapleton, and by her
he had issue, Bichard.
Edward Lamplugh, Esq. eldest son and heir died without
issue, and was succeeded by his brother,
Richard Lamplugh, Esq. second son, married Alice,
daughter of .... Ward, and had issue, John, George,
Elizabeth, and Dorothy.
John Lamplugh, Esq. son and heir, married Elizabeth,
daughter of Sir Edward Musgrave, knight, and had issue,
John, Francis, Richard, Edward, Henry, George, and Anne.
He died 12th Charles I.
John Lamplugh, Esq. son and heir, was of the age of 46,
when this pedigree was certified. He was colonel of foot in

PARISH OF LAMPLUGH. 87
the service of CharleB I. and was wounded and taken prisoner
at the battle of.Marston moor, in 1644. He was thrice
married : his first wife was Jane, daughter of Roger Kirkby,
of Kirkby, co. Lancaster, Esq. by whom he had no issue : he
married, secondly, Frances, daughter of Christopher Lancas
ter, of Sockbridge, co. Westmorland, Esq. and widow of Sir-
Christopher Lowther of Whitehaven ; by whom also he had no
issue : his third wife was Frances, daughter of- Thomas
Lamplugh, of Ribton, Esq. and by her he had issue Thomas,
who was eight years old at the time of the said visitation,
John, Edward, Elizabeth, and Phoebe. Elizabeth was the
second wife of Henry Brougham, of Scales,. Esq.
The Hall.

Of the old hall, the residence of the ancient
and knightly family of the Lamplughs, no vesti
ges now remain, excepting a gateway which bears
the date of 1595. The Messrs Lysons supposed
the hall (which was remaining when they visited
this county) to have been of no earlier date than
the sixteenth century. Until of late years part
of a strong tower remained : this, however, from
a want of taste, was taken down in 1821, with
vast trouble, the mortar being harder than the
stone itself; and the walls, being eight feet in
thickness, required the force of gunpowder to
rend them asunder. The old hall has been re
placed by a substantial farm-house.
The Church.
The benefice is a rectory, and the patronage
has always been annexed to the manor. In the
King's Books it is valued at 10/. 4s. Id. In the
Valor Ecclesiasticus, temp. Henry VIII., it is
entered as follows : —

88 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
1 Lamplewgh Sector' Eccl'ie.
Rob'tus Layburne incumbens. Rector' p' dca,
valet in £ s. d
Mansione cum gleba per annum — x —
Decim' granos. et feni lxs. Ian' }
et agnell' Ixxs. minut' et pri- f •• 
vat' decim' cum oblac' ut int ^
libro paschal' lxxijs. )
Repris' vis. in
Sinod' iijs. jd. pcurac' iiijs. xd.
Et valet clare
Xma. ps. inde
List of Rectors.
 Robert Layburn, occurs, 1535.
 .... Braithwaite, occurs, c. 1642.
1700 Galfrid Wibergh.
1701 David King.
1730 Thomas Jefferson.
1768 Richard Dickenson.
1817 Joseph Gilbanks.
A conjecture is entertained, founded upon
some rather vague traditions, that the chancel of
this church was formerly the family chapel ofthe
Lamplugh family, serving them and their tenants
in the townships of Lamplugh and Murton, for a
chapel, as the parish church was in the hamlet of
Kirkland, at a distance of three miles ; and that
when the advowson became the property of the
Lamplughs, it was removed, and a nave added to
that part which now forms the chancel.
This is in some measure confirmed by the
following extract from an old MS. :* — " Sir
* Machell MSS., voL6, p. 671.

PARISH OF LAMPLUGH. 89
Robert de Lamplugh, knt  [temp. Hen. II.]
held Lamplugh of Gospatrick, fit. Orm. lord of
Wirkinton, whose son and heire, Thomas, fil.
Gospatrick, gave to the said Robert Lamplugh
the patronage of the Rectories of KeteU's Towne,
alias Kelton, and Arlochden : But Robert trans
lated the church and glebe to Lamplugh from
Kelton, and thenceforth it was named the parson
age of Lamplugh."
The church is an ancient edifice, situated near
the hall. It is dedicated to St. Michael, and
consists of a nave and chancel. The former is
very plain with whitewashed walls, and square
sash windows ; the chancel, however, is of a
superior character, and retains marks of its
antiquity. In the church are memorials of Thomas Lam-
plugh, Esq., no date, (ob. 1737) ; Frances, his
wife ; setat, 80, 1745 ; and Richard Briscoe, Esq.
1750. The Manor of Kelton.
Kelton (i. e. villa Keteli) was parcel of the
manor of Lamplugh, from which it was separated
by Ketel, son of Eldred, son of Ivo de Talebois,
baron of Kendal ; and it was holden as a fee of
Beckermet, as that was of Egremont. Kelton,
being in the Harrington division of the Multon
estate, came from them by an heiress to. the Bon-
vills, and from them to the Greys, Marquesses of
Dorset, and by the attainder of Henry, the third
Marquess, (see p. 8,) Duke of Suffolk, it was for
feited to the crown.
Philip and Mary, in the 3rd and 4th of their
M

90 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
reign, granted to Christopher Morys (or Moor-
house) and Elizabeth his wife (laundress to queen
Mary,) and their heirs, the manor of Kelton, and
the appurtenances thereto belonging.
The manor was afterwards successively in the
families of Leigh, Salkeld, and Patrickson, and
having been purchased ofthe latter by Sir John
Lowther, Bart., is now the property of the Earl
of Lonsdale. Salter Hall.
This demesne is extra-parochial, and was given
by Gospatric, son of Orme, son ofthe above Ketel,
to the abbey of St. Mary, York, and was subse
quently consigned to the priory of St. Bees.
After the dissolution of rehgious houses, it was
bought by Dr. Leigh ; Henry, grandson of
William, the doctor's brother, sold Salter to the
Salkelds of Whitehall, from whom it passed to
the families of Patrickson, Robertson, and Fryer.
The coheiresses of the latter married Mr. John
Dickinson and the Rev. John Baxter, incumbent
of Arlecdon.The hall was built by Thomas Salkeld, in 1586,
as appears by an inscription over the principal
entrance. Murton.
Murton, or Moortown, is parcel of the Lam
plugh estate and is held of the barony of Egre
mont. It gave name to a family who resided
here for many generations ; and in the reign of
Edward II. became the property ofthe Lamplughs..

PARISH OF LAMPLUGH. 91
The present lord is John Lamplugh Lamplugh
Raper, Esq. Charities.
The School at Lamplugh was endowed in 1731
or 1732, by Richard Briscoe, Esq. who married
the daughter of Thomas Lamplugh, Esq, with a
rent-charge of 61. 8s. payable out of an estate
called Skeelsmoor, in Lamplugh; the sums of
40s. per annum for the purchase of books for
the children, and 31. 12s. for poor housekeepers,
are charged on the same estate.

m 2

Ufa mvi&f) of asaatort&ioato.

HE parish of . Waber-
thwaite, otherwise Way-
bergthwaite or Wyber-
thwaite, is less populous
than any other parish in
this Ward, containing at
the last census, in 1831,
only 139 inhabitants. It
extends about two miles
and a half in length and
breadth ; and is bounded on the south and east
by Corney ; on the west, by Bootle ; and on the
north, by the river Esk, which divides it from
Muncaster. An ancient poor-stock of 20/. belonged to this
parish, to which the Rev  Park, rector of
Barton, co. Norfolk, added 80/., the interest
thereof to be distributed annually.
The Manor
Belonged to an ancient family, who took their
name from this the place of their residence, and
whose posterity afterwards resided at St. Bees ;
at Clifton, in Westmorland; and now of late years,
at Isell. One of that family married a daughter
or sister of Arthur Boyvill, third lord of Millom,
son of Godard Dapifer, with whom the said Ar
thur gave this manor in frank marriage. It came

PARISH OF WABERTHWAITE. 93
to the Penningtons, ancestors of Lord Muncaster,
the present proprietor, according to Nicolson and
Burn, by sale ; but according to Lysons, by the
marriage of a heiress. The customary tenants
paid ".arbitrary fines, rents, heriots, and boon
services ;" but the manor has been enfranchised,
and many of the farms are now occupied by their
respective owners. The Church
Is dedicated to St. John; and the benefice is a
rectory, in the patronage of Lord Muncaster. In
the years 1421 and 1425, Sir Richard de Kirkby
presented; and in 1580, the rector was instituted
on the presentation of Henry Kirkby. At as
early a period, at least, as 1608, the advowson was
invested in the family of Pennington, with whom
it has since remained.
The rectory is valued in the King's Books at
31. lis. 8d., and was returned to the governors of
Queen Ann's bounty, of the clear annual value of
18/. 16s. 6d. It has since been augmented by
that bounty. In the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry
VIII. it is thus entered : —
Waykerwhate Sector' Eccl'ie.
Will'm's Walker incumbens. Rector' p'dca.
valet in £ s. d.
Mansione cum gleba per annum — viij viij
Decim' granos. & feni xlvjs. ~\ t £
viij A molend' xjs. xiijd. Ian'/ f , .... ..'.
et agn' vjs. minut' & privat'S— Ixv xijf '
decim' ut in libro paschal' (
vj*. iijc?. In toto

94 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.

Repris' vis. in

£ s. d.

Sinod' xjd. procurac' xxd.

— ij vij

£ s. d.

Et valet clare

— lxxj viij

Xma. ps. inde

— vij ij

List of Rectors.

 William Walker occurs, 1535,

1677 William Granger.

1698 Henry Holmes.
1704 Robert Manston.
1708 John Steele.
1737 John Steele.
1776 Thomas Nicholson.
1825 Joseph Stanley.
CBe ©ariat) of Cornet?.

HE parish of Corney,
otherwise Cornhow or
Corno, extends about
three miles in length,
and two in breadth. It
is bounded on the north,
by the parish of Wa-
berthwaite ; on the south,
by Bootle ; and on the
east, by a range of lofty
fells extending to the mountain of Black-comb.
This parish consists of about forty scattered
houses, and the hamlet of Middleton-Place. It
is remarkable for the longevity of its inhabitants :
in the year 1768, Mark Noble died here, at the
age of 113 ; in 1772, John Noble died aged 114;
in the year 1790, William Troughton died aged
102 ; and in the year 1828, when the population
amounted to only about 290, ten persons were
living in this parish, whose ages averaged 86
years.

The Manor.

This manor belonged at an early period,
to "Michael the falconer," whose posterity
assumed the name of Corney. In the reign of
King John or Henry III. they were enfeoffed of

96 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the manor. This family is supposed to have be
come extinct in the reign of Henry III. when
the heiress brought it, by marriage to the Pen-
ningtons, ancestors of the present Lord Muncaster,
in whose family it has since remained.
The manor-house, which is gone to decay, was
at Middleton-Place, where the manor-court is
held. It was the residence of, and gave name
to, the ancient family of Middletons.
The Church
Is dedicated to St. John Baptist ; and the bene
fice is a rectory, in the patronage of the Earl
of Lonsdale, who purchased the advowson of
John, first Baron Muncaster, in 1803. It for
merly belonged to the abbey of St. Mary, York,
who presented to the living in 1536. It is
valued in the King's Books at 91. lis. Id. ; and
was certified to the governors of Queen Ann's
bounty at 22/. lis. lOd. It is thus entered in
the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. : —
Corney Bectoria Eccl'ie.
Rob'tus Hutton incumbens. Rector' p' dca.
valet in £ s. d.
Mansione cum gleba per am. — x — }
Decim' granos. cxvjs. viij<#. de-} §£ s. d.
cim' agnell' xxs. minut' et de- f . s x 
cim' privat' ut in libro paschal' f K x C
liij*. iiijd. In tot' ) j
Repris' vis. in £ s. d.
Sinod' xjd. procurac' ij*. — ij xj
£ s. d.
Et valet clare ix xvij j
Xma. ps. inde — xix viij ob'

PARISH OF CORNEY. 97
List of Rectors.
 Robert Hutton, occurs 1535.
1661 Francis Berkeley.
1666 Robert Crompton.
1677 William Benson.
1738 John Fisher.
1787 Peter How.
 Allison Steble.
18.. Thomas Harrison, M.A.
1840 William Benn, B.A.
A grave-stone with a cross and sword, but
without any inscription, is placed as a hntel over
the door of an out-house at the rectory.
Charities.
The sum of 30/. has been left to the poor of
the parish of Corney who do not receive parochial
rehef; the interest of which is distributed an
nually on Christmas-day.

N

Cfje $?ari$f) of miffict)Am

OMPRISES only onetown-
h ship, and has no village of
its own name. It extends
about three miles east and
H| west, and one mile along
'"" the coast, north and south.
It is bounded on the north,
byWhitbeck; on the south
and east, by Millom ; and on the west, by the
sea. This parish has been variously called
Whittingeham, Whitcham, and Wicheham.
" At the west end of Donerdale, near the fells,
foranenst Milium, stands Whitcham, or Wicheham,
alias Whittingeham, all which (or the most part
thereof) was another fee holden of Milium. And
(as I take it) ye place tooke that name of one
Wyche, the first feoffee of the same. He livd
about the time of Kg- H. 1. two of his sonns,
Will. fil. Wyche and Godfrey, were witnesses to a
mortgage of Kirksanton in the time of Ks' H. 2.
But their issue generall brought the land unto
other familyes about the time of Kg- H. 3. for
then one Radulf de Bethom had the land ; and
the 6° of Ed. 1. he granted estovers to John
Parson of Whitcham, in his woods there : and
one Rob. fil.Radi. de Bethom warranted lands in
Sellcroft and Satterton in Millom ix° Ed. 1.
But the mannors of Selcroft and Whitcham were
in another family, nono Ed1 Secundi; as appeareth

PARISH OF WHICHAM. 99
by a fine thereof levyed betwene Will. Corbet
and Alicia his wife, q. and John de Corney,
def'."* The manor of Whichamshall or Whichall be
longed at an early period to the family of Bethom ;
it was afterwards divided into severalties. Sir
James Lowther, Bart, purchased this estate, a
considerable portion of which had belonged to
Mr. Henry Fearon : it is now the property of
the Earl of Lonsdale. The manor of Whicham
and Silcroft belonged to the family of Latus of
the Beck, in the parish of Millom, who for some
time resided at Whicham hall. It was also the
property of the Mulcasters or Muncasters of
Cockermouth. Part of the parish is annexed to
the lordship of Millom.
A tradition has been preserved that a battle
was fought between the Enghsh and the S cotch
in a field near Whicham hall, which retains the
name of Scots' croft. The Church.
The church of Whicham is dedicated to St.
Mary, and was given by " Reynard the Fewer"
to the abbey of St. Mary at York. After the
dissolution of rehgious houses, the patronage was
held by Hugh Askew, Esq. who presented a rec
tor in 1544. In the year 1717, .... Pennington,
Esq. was certified as patron : it remained in that
family until sold, by Lord Muncaster, to the
Earl of Lonsdale, the present patron.
The benefice is a rectory, valued in the King's
* From a MS. "penes Dr. Denton," in the Machell MSS. vol. vi.
p. 531.
N 2

100 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Books at 8/. 15s. lOd. ; and was certified to the
governors of Queen Ann's bounty at 49/. 13s. 3d.
The rector pays an annual pension of 10s. to St.
Bees. In the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII.
it is entered as follows : —
Whitingham Sector' Eccl'ie.
Joh'es Wodall incumbens. Rector' p'dca.
valet in -

Mansione cum gleba pomar' > 
& orto S
Decim' feni et garbas. xls.
Ian' et agnell' riijJ. pisciu.
marinos. xs. decim' mo-
lend' iijs. iiijd. minut' &
privat' decim' cu. oblac'
ut in libro paschal' xxxs.
In tot'

s. d. .
xxxj viij

J>-viij iij iiij

£
ix

s. x

d.

Repris' vis. in

Annual' pens' piori. See. Bege 1

£

s.

d.

xs. sinid' xxjd. procurac' > — xv j

—

XV

j

iijs. iiij<#. 3

£
s.
d.
Et valet clare
viij
xiiij
XJ
Xma. ps. inde
—
xvij
vj
List of Rectors.
John Wodall, occurs, 1535.
1630 Robert Crompton.
 .... Tubman, occurs, c. 1642.
1720 John Lawrey.
1745 William Smith.
1794 Robert Scott.
1804 James Satterthwaite.
1814 Allison Steble.
1832 Alexander Scott, M.A.
parish of whicham. 101
The Grammar School of Whicham and
Millom.
It is not clearly ascertained, says Sir Nicholas
Carlisle, who was the founder of this school,
which was formerly called " the Gramer Schole
of Whicham and Milham," being free for both
parishes. In the chancery suit between the inhabitants
of these two parishes, which continued from
1687 to 1691, — -it was contended by the inhabi
tants of Millom, that the school had been endowed
by one of the Kings of England, prior to the
reign of Queen Elizabeth, — whereas it was insist
ed upon by the inhabitants of Whicham, that the
school had been endowed by a person of the
name of Hodgson, a native of this parish.
The probability is, that the inhabitants of
Whicham Were in the right, because as the parish
of Millom both in extent and in population is six
times greater than the parish of Whicham, it
is not likely the school would have been called
"Whicham and Millom School," unless the
founder had been born in the parish of Whic
ham. However that may be, it appears from a decree,
in the year 1540, that 16/. a year were then
ordered to be paid annually out of the revenues
of the crown in the county of Cumberland, re
maining with the auditor of the county. And it
is a certain fact, that that sum has been regularly
paid by the auditor of the revenues of the county
of Cumberland, from the year 1540 until the
present time.
There has been no subsequent endowment ;

102 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
and, until within the last fifty years, the master
never received any quarter-pence, nor any other
emolument for instructing , the children born
within either of these parishes, excepting a gra
tuitous offer, entirely at the option of the parents
of the children, called a " Cock-Penny," at
Shrovetide. The necessaries of life having, however, con
siderably increased in value, and the 16/. per an
num remaining as it did in the time of Queen
Elizabeth, have brought about an amicable ar
rangement between the master and the inhabitants
of the two parishes ; in consequence of which the
master receives a payment with his scholars,
augmenting the stipend to about 50/. per annum.
Ten scholars, however, are taught free. The
school-house was built at the expence of the
inhabitants. The right of electing and of removing the
master is vested in twelve trustees or governors,
six out of each parish, including the rector of
Whicham, and the vicar of Millom, in pursuance
of a decree in chancery, made in the 2nd James II.
There are no exhibitions, nor any university ad
vantages, belonging to this school.
The Rev. John Postlethwaite, head-master of
St. Paul's school, who died in 1713,* received
the rudiments of his education in this school ; he
was a benefactor to the adjoining parish of Millom,
in which he was born.f
* He was buried, 13th September, 1713, in the church of St. Augus
tine, London.
t The above particulars are mainly derived from Carlisle's Grammar
Schools.

parish of whicham. 103
Charities.
A poor-stock of 33/. belongs to the parish. Of
this sum 3/. was given by Daniel Mason, the
interest to be distributed to six poor widows.
The Rev. Robert Crompton, rector of the parish
(1630), gave 5/. the interest to be distributed
annually to the poor. The remainder was left
by unknown benefactors, half of the interest
thereof to be applied to the repairs of the church,
and half to the poor.

Cf)f ilarie!) of JBrigg.
I HIS parish extends about
four miles along the coast,
its greatest breadth being
about two miles and a half.
It is divided by the Irt info
two parts, Drigg and
Carleton, which form but
one township; and is
bounded on the north, by
the parish of Gosforth ;
on the west, by the Irish Sea ; on the south, by
the river Mite, which divides it from Muncaster ;
and on the east, by the parish of Irton, and the
chapelry of Wasdale.
Nicolson and Burn say, " it is very observable,
that the lands which lie on each side of the Irt
are of such different soils, as hath hardly been
known elsewhere ; those on the east side being
altogether a deep clay, and those on the west
and north nothing but beds of sand."
Sir William Pennington, of Muncaster, the
first baronet, made a horse course on the sands
at Drigg, in the reign of Charles II. where a plate
ofthe value of 10/. was run for annually in the
month of May.
Drigg is remarkable for producing, in large
quantities, the finest potatoes of any part of
Cumberland. In the latter end of the last
century they were supposed to produce in the

parish of drigg. 105
market of Whitehaven the annual sum of 300/.*
At about the same period, Lord Muncaster, the
lord of the manor and the lay rector, took com
mon land in lieu of tithes, and enfranchised
his customary tenants.
Near the sea-shore is a chalybeate spring, which
is held in esteem for its medicinal properties.
It was once a place of high repute, and visited by
invalids and others from many parts of the king
dom. It possesses every physical advantage for
becoming one of the most fashionable resorts of
the kind in the kingdom : the adjoining beach is
a beautiful sheet of level sand ; the surrounding
scenery is beautiful and romantic in the extreme,
— perhaps one of the best views in the county
being obtained from that point ; — and it is within
an hour's drive of Wast- Water, Devock- Water,
and many other minor sheets of water in that
locality. Some few years ago, three hollow tubes of a
vitrified substance, were observed projecting from
the surface of a sand-hill on the sea coast. One
of them was traced downward to the depth of
about 30 feet, without coming to a termination,
though its diameter was contracted to half an
inch. The substance of these tubes, which are
longitudinally corrugated, appears to be the
melted sand of the coast, but is extremely diffi
cult of fusion. The only agent which appears
sufficient to account for this production, is the
electric fluid ; and they were probably produced
by the action of lightning on the drifted sand.f
* Not 3000Z. as stated in Hutchinson.
t See an article in the Transactions ofthe Geological Society (vol. ii.
1814), " On the Vitreous Tubes found near to Drigg in Cumberland."
O

106 allerdale ward, above derwent.
Mr. John Denton says, " Dregg, on the other
side of Irt, had great sort of oakes in the elder
times, and thereof the Scots and inhabitants (at,
and before the conquest) called the manor, Dregg
of Derigh, or Dergh, which is Oak in the Scottish
or Irish language. And much old wood, beaten
down with the wind from the sea, is yet digged
up out of the mosses and wet grounds there, as
in divers other places in the country ; and in
Scotland there are several places which have got
their names from Derig Oaks, as Glendergh ; and
some others in Cumberland, as Dundragh ; and
in our English, Aikton, Aikhead, Aikskeugh."
The Irt is frequented by salmon, and abounds
with trout. Camden speaks of the shell-fish in
this river producing pearls ; and Sir John Haw
kins obtained from government the right of fish
ing for pearls in the Irt. The pearls were ob
tained from muscles, by the inhabitants of the
neighbourhood, who sought for them at low-water,
and afterwards sold them to the jewellers. About
In the " Archives of Discoveries in France, in 1813," are two papers on
some remarkable tubular cavities which exist in St. Peter's hill, near
Maestricht. They are described under the title of geological organ -pipes
from their peculiar figure. They are supposed to have been formed by
the water, that formerly covered the strata in which they exist, displac
ing some soft or loose materials and filtering through the mass. Tubes
of this description are not confined to the neighbourhood of Maestricht
and it is conceived that their formation may be all referred to the same
cause. Among Dr. E. D. Clarke's Experiments with ignited hydrogen and
oxygen gas highly compressed and passed through Newman's Blow Pipe
is the following: — Sand Tubes of Drigg, in Cumberland. — On exposure
to the ignited gas the fusion was instantaneous; and similar to the fusion
of hyalite ; leaving a bead of pure limpid glass, containing bubbles,
like rock crystal after fusion.

PARISH OF DRIGG. 107
the year 1695, a patent was granted to some
gentlemen, for pearl fishing in this river ; but
how. the undertaking prospered is uncertain. The
pearl muscles do not appear to have been very
plentiful here for many years; Nicolson and
Burn observe, that Mr. Thomas Patrickson, of
How-Hall in this county, is said to have obtained
as many from divers poor people, whom he em
ployed to gather them, as he afterwards sold in
London for 800/.
The pearl-muscle is not known or spoken of
under that name ; although we have no doubt
but the fish from which these gems were obtained,
still exists in the stream, and is locally called a
" horse-fish." It is a bivalve of the muscle species,
but much larger than the muscle used as an
article of food, sometimes measuring as far as six
inches in length. They are found on muddy
banks where the water is nearly stagnant, and
are a great nuisance to ground-fishers.
The Rev. William Singleton, rector of Hanslope,
Bucks, is a native of this parish : he is the
author of a pamphlet " On the Duty of keeping
holy the Sabbath Day and on the Sacraments,"
8vo. 1805 ; and he wrote several papers which
appeared in the Monthly Magazine.
The Manor
Belonged in the reign of Henry II. to the Estote-
vills, and descended by a daughter to Baldwin,
Lord Wake, Baron of Liddell, " of which Baldwin,"
says Mr. John Denton, "William, the son of
Thomas de Graystoke, and the Lady Adingham,
in Fourness, in the tenth year of Edward I. held
o 2

108 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
a knight's fee between them in Dregg ; and in
the 29th Edward I. the Abbot of Caldre, Patrick
Culwen, and the Lady Margaret Multon, held
Dregg of John de Graystock, and of John, the
son of Robert Harrington, and they over of John
Wake." Harrington's part subsequently passed with a
heiress to the Curwens of Workington Hall ;
and was sold, under the title of the manor and
advowson of Drigg, in the reign of James I., by
Sir Nicholas Curwen, knight, to Sir William
Pennington, of Muncaster, ancestor of Lord
Muncaster, the present possessor. Major-General
Wyndham, of Cockermouth castle, is lord-para
mount of the whole ; and a considerable part of
the parish is held immediately under his barony
of Egremont.
The lord of the manor claims flotsam — wreck
floating on the water, jetsam — goods cast from
any vessel or thrown on the shore, and lagan —
goods that are sunk. These rights were tried
and adjudged on a trial, in the reign of Queen
Elizabeth, between Henry, Earl of Northumber
land, and Sir Nicholas Curwen, knight. A degree
in chancery confirmed the said prescription, and
secured those rights against the lord-paramount.*
The sea, which forms the western boundary of
the parish, has evidently made considerable en-
* The rights or privileges of the lord of the manor with respect to
flotsam, %c, do not appear to be very accurately defined or clearly
understood : some maintaining that all wreck whatever belongs exclusively
to the crown ; others, exclusively to the lord of the manor : but the most
correct opinion appears to be, that whatever is taken out ofthe sea whilst
afloat belongs to the crown, and that whatever is left aground by the
retreat ofthe tide is the property ofthe lord ofthe manor.

PARISH OF DRIGG. 109
croachments on the land, as at low-water exten
sive plots of vegetable soil or peat-moss are visible,
from one of which, two or three years ago, an
inhabitant of the parish, named Mandle, dug
several cart-loads, which, as an article of fuel,
was found to be far superior to the peat com
monly in use in the neighbourhood.
Carleton.
Carleton is a constablewick, lying between the
Irt and the Mite, containing the hamlet of Hall
Carleton, and Carleton Hall, the seat of Joseph
Burrow, Esq. It contains about twelve farms,
formerly holden ofthe Penningtons of Muncaster,
as of their manor of Drigg, but the tenants were
enfranchised by the grandfather of the present
lord. The Church.
The church of Drigg is dedicated to St. Peter,
and was appropriated to the priory of Conishead,
in Lancashire. The abbots of Calder had part
of the manor ; and Bishop Gastrell notices that
Anselm, son of Michael de Furness, gave the
chapel of Drog to the priory of Conishead, and
supposes it may have been a mistake in the
manuscript for Dreg or Drigg. In the Valor
Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. in the list of the
possessions of that priory, the church of Drigg is
entered as follows : —
Decim' capelle de Digidrege viz. xmis. granos. '
& feni iiijj. vjs. viij5. Ian' & agn' xxxs. vitul' f £ s. d.
porcell' auc' & gallin' xs. oblac' tribs. diebs. S vij vij iiij
prencipalibs vj*. xi\)d. minut' &privat' decim' (
ut in libro paschal' xxs. In tot'.

110 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
However, so totally was the church appropri
ated, that it became a perpetual curacy, and was
certified to the governors of Queen Ann's bounty
of the annual value of 51. 6s. 8d.
On the dissolution of religious houses, this
church was granted to the Curwens, and was
sold, with the manor, by Sir Nicholas Curwen,
as aforesaid, to the Penningtons of Muncaster,
in whose family the tithes, demesne, and manor re
mained, until Lowther, Lord Muncaster, enfran
chised his customary tenants and took common
land jn lieu of tithes. The advowson was sold,
by the late Lord Muncaster, to Samuel Irton,
Esq., M.P. of Irton Hall, the present patron. The
present incumbent is the Rev. John Grice, who
has for his curate the Rev. Francis Shaw.
The parish church of this place is very humble
and unassuming in its appearance ; being entirely
destitute of all architectural ornament both in
ternal and external. It has a chancel, and a
porch at the western end, which constitutes the
principal entrance into the body of the building.
It is dedicated to St. Peter. The nave may be
considered the original erection, but at this re
mote period its precise date cannot be accurately
ascertained. Two stone crosses until lately sur
mounted the apices of the eastern and western
gables ; but on rebuilding the chancel a few years
ago which was in a very decayed, dilapidated
condition ; these Christian symbols were sacri
legiously knocked off by the workman's hammer,
and wrought as materiels into the new wall.
We have no List of Incumbents previous to the
year 1 676 : since that period they have been as
follows : —

PARISH OF DRIGG. Ill
1676 John Benson.
1681 Joseph Benn, buried May 25th, 1730.
1730 Edward Burrough,* buried February
21st, 1776.
1775 John Steble, buried April 17th, 1780.
1780 Clement Watts.
1797 John Grice.
There are no inscriptions in the interior, ex
cepting a small tablet erected in memory of the
Rev  Steble, a former incumbent of the
parish. There is an old register belonging to the
church, by which it appears, that a Mr. Thomson
who resided at Thornnat in this parish, (during
the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell,) married
several couples, acting as magistrate under the
usurper, when the ministration of the incumbent
was superseded.
There is a series of entries of marriages ex
tending over a space of two years, 1656 and 7 :
* Father of the Rev. Stanley Burrough, M.A. rector of Cottesbach,
co. Leicester ; 1763 — 1768 ; rector of Sapcote, to which he was present
ed in 1778; and many years master of Rugby school ; ob. 1807. "He
was a very worthy man, and an excellent parish priest." He was a native
of Drigg, and was educated by his father, who kept a school, and was
minister of that parish and Irton. At the usual age he was sent to Queen's
college, Oxford, on the old foundation ; and was contemporary with Mr.
Gilpin of Boldre, Dr. Harrington of Bath, &c. About the time of his
taking his degree of M.A. he was invited to Rugby by Dr. Richmond,
a fellow of Queen's college, then lately elected upper master of that
school, as his assistant. Upon the Doctor's resignation he became upper
master, and continued to preside over that school, with considerable repu
tation, for 23 years, which he resigned in 1778, and removed to Sapcole,
to which living he had been presented that year by his brother-in-law,
the late Mr. Frewen-Turner, of Cold Overton. — Gent. Mag. June 1807.

112 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
in the solemnization of which, the services of the
clergy seem to have been entirely dispensed with,
and their sacred functions usurped by a layman.
The following may serve as examples of the en
tries : — 1656.
Richard Gaytskell and Annow Hunter were married the
xxixth of June before WiUm. Thomson one ofthe Justices of
the Peace for this County. 1657.
Nicholas Powe and Margrat Layton were married the
xviith day of September before WiUm : Thomson one of the
Justices of the Peace for this County.
Schools.
Drigg — unlike most country parishes — can
boast of two endowed places of public instruction.
The original school, which stands in the Carleton
division of the parish, dates the period of its
erection as far back as the year 1723, and in
1727, was endowed by Joseph Walker in the
amount of 260/. for the education ofthe children
of such as had previously contributed to the
erection of a school-house ; subject however to
the payment of a small annual gratuity to the
master at Shrovetide, locally denominated Cock-
Penny. The endowment, however, through the
indiscreet investment and imprudent management
of the trustees, is now almost wholly alienated,
the capital being reduced so low that the interest
accruing from it is scarcely adequate to meet the
contingent expenses of the building.
There is a brass tablet inserted in the wall
immediately over the fire-place bearing the fol
lowing inscription : —

PARISH OF DRIGG. 113
Joseph Walker de Salt Coats hano
Scholam fundavit Anno Dom. 1723.
I add four pounds to year Building of this
School as a cheerfull giver,
That the poor of the Parish may be
free in it for ever.
Idem Joseph Walker hoc dixit et fecit.
Trustees

Edw. Burrough

Wm. Postlethwaite

John Thompson

Wm. Singleton

Moses Nicholson

John Cappage

Wm. Beeby

John Pool

Wm. Thompson

Drigg.

Carleton.

A school-house was erected in 1828, by the
Rev. William Thompson, M.A., a native of the
parish, curate of Farn worth, near Prescot, Lan
cashire. This school is vested in seven trustees, —
the Bishop of Chester, Lord Muncaster, the
rector of Gosforth, the incumbents of Muncaster
and Drigg, the master of St. Bees school, and
the founder's heir-at-law in perpetuity. The
Bishop of Chester is appointed visitor, "with the
usual visitorial powers incident to the office of
visitor of a charity." The master is to teach
eight poor children, natives of the parish, for the
payment of Is. entrance, and Is. per quarter
each ; but he is allowed to take other pupils,
who pay a regular quarterage for the different
branches of learning in which they are instructed.
The school-house stands upon a new site
adjoining the church ; the master is limited to
53 scholars including the 8 charity children.
The quarter pence for the remainder is left to
the master's discretion.
The site was conveyed by deed of gift to the

114 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
founder by the late Lowther, Lord Muncaster.
The endowment is 42/. per annum, arising from
moneys invested for the purpose in the 3 per
cent, consols : 40/. of the proceeds go directly to
the master in half-yearly payments, and the re
maining 40s. are at the disposal of the trustees,
to be employed in the repairs of the school
and school-house. There is an elegant and
commodious house adjoining the school, for the
gratuitous reception of the master ; also built at
the expence of the founder. The present master
is Mr. Isaac Clements, A.B.

€f)e ©art0f) of JMUjitorrfe,
NCLUDED in the lordship of
Millom, extends along the coast
\ about three miles ; and, inland,
trather more than two miles. It
fis bounded on the south, by
¦ Whicham ; on the east, by the
j mountain Black-Comb ;* on the
(north, by Bootle; and on the
I west, by the Irish Sea. The
whole parish is comprised in one
township of its own name. Its remarkable sa
lubrity appears from the number of persons who
have attained to a great age : the Messrs. Lysons
state that the register shows that of the inhabi
tants buried here (previous to 1816,) rather more
than one in five were aged from 80 to 89 inclu
sive ; f and about one in eleven from 90 to 99
inclusive^ The surface of the parish is uneven and irregu
lar, but there are few trees to give it a picturesque
appearance. Some parts, however, command
extensive views, including the shipping on the
Irish Sea, the Isle of Man, and the Welsh and
Scottish mountains. A vein of peatmoss, con
taining, in some places, near one-fifth of the
• See an account of Black-Comb under the parish of Bootle.
t The general average proportion of those who attain the age of 80, is
said to be one in thirty-two ; and in London, one in forty.
p 2

116 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
breadth ofthe parish, runs longitudinally through
the middle of the greatest part of the land, and
divides it into two kinds of soil ; that part near
the sea is sandy, inclining to a clay as it comes
nearer the moss, and bears the name oiLowfields;
that part above the moss consists of heavy mould,
with many stones ; this soil becomes more gra
velly as it approaches the base of the mountain,
and is called the Highfields.
The sea has encroached considerably on the
land in some parts of this parish ; " old roads
and hedges are visible a considerable way beyond
[low] water mark." Near Gutterby-bay is a
large rock, called Blacklegs, visible when the
tide is out, on which many vessels have been
wrecked. A medicinal spring near the shore was
formerly much frequented, and was held to be
" a sovereign remedy for the scurvy and gravel."
Large trunks of oak and fir-trees have been
found in the peat-moss ; and about the latter end
of the last century, a tree was dug up, with its
roots and branches in a good state of preserva
tion ; the trunk was about seven yards in length,
and two in diameter, and was sawn into planks.
Nut and acorns have been frequently found at a
great depth.
One mile south of Bootle, on the Barfield
estate, there is a small lake, provincially called a
tarn, about 600 yards in circumference, which
abounds with perch and trout. Around here and
on the neighbouring morasses, ignes fatni are
frequently seen in the evenings. Another tarn,
near Gutterby, produces a great quantity of
leeches. It is stated, in a communication oy the Rev.

PARISH OF WHITBECK. 117
William Pearson, in Hutchinson's Cumberland,
that " when the wind blows from the east over
Black Comb, the inhabitants of the houses
which stand close under its base, find it most
violent ; when the wind blows from the sea, the
most temperate. In Whicham, behind the moun
tain, it is quite the reverse : so that when ever it
is calm in one parish, it is stormy in the other,
when it blows from the east or west."
The same writer also mentions the following
customs and superstitions as then (1794) observ
ed in this parish : — " Newly- married peasants beg
corn to sow their first crop with, and are called
cornlaiters. People always keep wake with the
dead. . . .The labouring ox is said to kneel at 12
o'clock at night, preceding the day ofthe nativity ;
the bees are heard to sing at the same hour. On
the morn of Christmas-day, the people breakfast
early on hack-pudding, a mess made of sheep's
heart, chopped with suet and sweet fruits. To
whatever quarter a bull faces in lying on All
Hallow-Even, from thence the wind will blow
the greatest part of the winter."
The Manor.
This manor* Sir William Morthing gave by
fine to the prior and convent of Conishead, to
which monastery the church also was given by
Gamel de Pennington. Mr. John Denton says,
" These Morthings and Corbets were anciently
seated in Milium ; I have seen of their names in
writings and evidences, made in the time of
* Mr. John Denton says, " the church or chapel."
Q

118 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
King Henry, or King Edward II., and to have
been men of good worth and quality there ; as,
namely, one William de Morthing and John de
Morthing, William Corbet and Radulph Corbet.
Divers of the Corbets seated themselves in Scot
land, in those famous wars of King Edward I.,
where their posterity do remain to this day."
The manor, with the rectory and advowson,
were granted in 1687, to Mr. Lawrence Parke,
in whose descendants they continued till the year
1807, when they were sold by Charles Parke,
Esq., to the Earl of Lonsdale, who is the present
proprietor. The Parkes resided at an old mansion
at Whitbeck, now occupied as a farm-house.*
Monk-Force, a small manor within this parish,
was given by William de Meschines to the abbey
of St. Mary, in Furness ; and on the dissolution
of that house was granted to the Hudlestons of
Millom, who sold it. In 1777, it belonged to
Edmund Gibson, Esq., of Whitehaven; from
that family it passed to the Lewthwaites, and is
now the property of Miss Lewthwaite.
Scoggerbar, another manor, was given by Sir
William Hudleston to his second son Joseph,
who, by the death of his elder brother Ferdinand,
became possessed ofthe lordship of Millom, when
the manor was reunited to the said lordship.
The Church.
The church of Whitbeck, having been given
by Gamel de Pennington to the priory of
Conishead, is now only a perpetual curacy. It
• Lysons.

PARISH OF WHITBECK. 119
is not entered in the Valor Ecclesiasticus of
Henry VIII. It was certified to the governors
of Queen Ann's bounty of the annual value of
91. 14s. 8d. The advowson and tithes, as stated
above, were granted in 1687, to Mr. Lawrence
Parke, with whose descendants they remained
until 1807, when they were purchased of Charles
Parke, Esq., by the Earl of Lonsdale, the present
patron and lay-rector. His lordship is proprietor
of half the tithes. The benefice was augmented
in 1747 with 200/. by the governors of Queen
Ann's bounty, and 250/. given by the patron and
impropriator, being the produce of the sale of a
portion of the tithes ; a further sum of 200/. was
given by the governors about the year 1760:
with these benefactions an estate was bought
near Dalton, in Furness. In 1785, the benefice
received a further augmentation of 200/. in addi
tion to 200/. from Queen Ann's bounty, with
which were purchased a house and land in Whit
beck, now the minister's residence.*
In a list of the possessions of the priory of
Conishead, the church of Whitbeck occurs as
follows : —
Decim' ecclie. de Whitbeke viz granos. et ~\
feni iiijJ. vjs. Ian' & agn' liijs. i\\}d. yitul'/ £ s. d.
pore' auc' & gallin' xijs. oblac' tribz diebus s viij xviij viij
prencipalibz vijs. iiijetf. in libro paschaliC
xxs. In tot'. 3
List of Incumbents.
1624 John Davies.
16 . . Richard Huatson. • Lysons.
Q 2

120 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
1673 William Robinson.
1679 Lancelot Walker.
1709 John Sawrey.
1725 Daniel Noble.
1731 John Romney.
1734 John Jackson.
1736 John Bradley.
1737 Thomas Green.
1773 Thomas Smith.
1775 John Atkinson.
1791 John Brocklebank.
1825 Thomas Caddy.
The church is dedicated to St. Mary. It is
an ancient edifice, but much modernized by the
insertion of sash windows. It consists ofa nave
and chancel of the same height and width, with
a bell-gable at its western end, which carries two
bells, surmounting the entrance, The font is
of stone, and is placed near the door. The roof
of the nave is open to the timber work. About
sixty years since, many of the beams were cut
down by Mr. Edmund Gibson, of Barfield, stew
ard for the lordship of Millom, by which the
north wall sustained serious injury. In 1794,
the chancel was left unroofed : this was probably
occasioned by the alterations now mentioned.
It has been "curtailed of its fair proportion;" and
a monumental effigy, said (we know not on what
authority) to be " of one of the lords of Whit
beck," is now lying exposed to the weather, the
east wall having been rebuilt some feet nearer
the nave. There is a pointed arch between the
nave and chancel, the piers of which have been
removed. The Ten Commandments, the Lord's

PARISH OF WHITBECK. 121
Prayer, and the Apostles' Creed, are placed on
the north and south walls.
The only monument in the church is one on
the south wall of the nave — a marble tablet,
bearing this inscription :
To the Memory
of those regretted Relatives
of whom, within half a Century,
Four successive generations departed.
This record of mortality is inscribed
by a grateful Survivor.
JOHN PEARSON, was interred Feb. 7, 1772, aged 81.
FRANCES, his wife, (a Postlethwaite,). .Nov. 23, 1772,  70.
WILLIAM, their son  Feb. 8, 1795,  62.
HANNAH, his wife, (a Ponsonby)  June 15, 1800,  61.
JOHN, the eldest son of William  Oct. 31, 1816,  51.
f HANNAH,  Mar. 7, 1802,  8.
His Children 5 JOHN  July 19, 1818,  17.
( ELIZABETH,  Nov. 2, 181 8,  20.
JOSEPH,  May 9, 1829,  19.
HANNAH,  July30, 1830,  20.
Eheu ! fugaces labuntur anni.
Miscellaneous Antiquities.
At Hall-foss are the remains of a Druidical
monument, called Standing Stones, which formed
a circle twenty-five yards in diameter. In 1794,
they were described as consisting of " eight mas
sy rude columns ; some of which have lately been
broken and taken away."
At Annaside, near the sea, is a similar monu
ment of antiquity, forming a circle twenty yards
in diameter, consisting of twelve stones. On the
nbrth-west side are the ruins ofa building through
which an old road leads ; but nothing is known
respecting its antiquity.

122 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
In a field near Gutterby is another monument
composed of thirty stones, and called Kirkstones.
They form parts of two circles, an exterior and
an inner one,— similar in position to those at
Stonehenge in Wiltshire. The interior range
has two sides. The stones are larger, and the
circles have been more extensive, than those in
this parish previously described. About 200
yards to the south, is a large cairn of stones,
about fifteen yards in diameter, having massy
stones for its base. Charities.
Mr. Henry Parke, of Kendal, mercer, (a native
of this parish,) left 400/. the interest thereof to
be distributed to six poor people, nominated by
the churchwardens and four of the most substan
tial inhabitants, who are to be nominated and
appointed by the Bishop of Chester. In 1722,
it was certified that an hospital was built for the
said poor people, and that the money left by Mr.
Parke had been invested in lands which yielded
24/. per annum. The hospital was built by the
parishioners. In 1722, there was a poor-stock of 30/. the
interest of which was applied to the use of the
poor. The following benefactions to the parish are
entered in the register : — In the year 1580, John
Kitchin gave 20 marks, of which half the interest
was to be applied to the use of the poor, and the
other half to the church. In 1617, Lawrence
Parke gave 10/. for the like purpose. In 1634,
Arthur Myers gave 10/. for the use ofthe school
master. In 1674, Henry Robinson gave 51. for

PARISH OF WHITBECK. 123
the hke purpose. Henry Parke and John Hud-
dleston gave each a donation for the use of the
poor, on their going into the hospital. In 1735,
Agnes Walker gave 10/. for the use of the poor.
And in 1737, Hudleston Parke gave the interest
of 61. for the hke purpose.

€%e IJavist) of iSootle.

JHE parish of Bootle, other-
1 wise Butle, Bothill, or Bo-
\tyll, forms part of the
seigniory of Millom, now
belonging to the Earl of
Lonsdale. It extends about
six miles along the coast,
and is about two miles in
breadth. It is bounded on
the south, by Whitbeck;
on the east, by Corney and the mountain Black-
Comb ; on the north, by Waberthwaite ; and on
the west, by the Irish Sea.
This parish appears remarkable for the longevity
of its inhabitants. Since the year 1778, but not
previously, the ages of those buried here have
been given in the register ; and like many other
places in this county, the average age is very
great. The Messrs. Lysons state that of the in
habitants buried here, before the year 1816, about
one in six were aged from 80 to 89 inclusive ;*
and one in forty-two were aged from 90 to 99
inclusive. In a population of nearly 800 inhabi
tants, there were, during the last year (1840),
only four funerals ; the ages were as follow : —
88 years, 92 years, 14 months, and the fourth (a

• The general average proportion of those who attain the age of 80, is
said to be one in thirty-two ; and in London, one in forty.

PARISH OF BOOTLE. 125
pauper, whose age was unknown) was supposed
to be the oldest.
In this parish is a small bay called Selkers Bay,
where it is said that in calm weather the sunken
remains of small vessels or gallies can be seen,
which are traditionally said to have been left
there on an invasion by the Romans.
Esk-Meols, which extends along the coast, is
remarkable for containing a large rabbit-warren ;
and on this estate there are the remains of an
entrenchment, certainly Roman, as altars and
coins have been found in it. " It was doubtless
one of the smaller stations constructed for the
defence of the coast in that remote corner."
Mr. John Denton says, " Next unto Whitbeck,
in the comon high street,* more towards the
west, is Butle, where of old stood a mansion of
the family of the Cowplands. They bear for
arms, or, a bend sable, on a canton and 2 barrs
gules. I have seen a register of their descent ;
namely Sr Richard Cowpland, k', Alane his son,
father to Richard (who dyed seized hereof in the
26th year KB Ed. i.) and left his estate to John
his son, father to another Richard Cowpland.
They continued in the issue maile till the time
of Richard the second and king Henry the ini.
and now their lands are transfer'd into other
familyes." The family of Copeland of Bootle, where they
had a mansion-house, became extinct about the
time of Richard II. Their arms were — Or, two
bars and a canton, gules, over all a bend, sable.
The coheiresses married Hudleston, Penington,
and Senhouse.
* The road leading from Bootle to Whitbeck.
R

126 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The name of this parish is supposed by some
to be derived from the beacon* on the top of the
hill above the town, which was fired upon the
discovery of any ships upon the Irish seas which
might threaten an invasion, by the watchmen
who lay in booths by the beacon. And for the
support of this service, the charge or payment
of seawake was provided.f
• " All the ancient altars found in Ireland, and now distinguished by
the name of Cromlechs, or sloping stones, were originally called Bothal,
or the house of God; and they seem to be of the same species as those
mentioned in the Book of Genesis, called by the Hebrews, Bethel, which
has the same signification as the Irish, Bothal." — Beauford's Druidism
Revived. The Greeks had their Betulia. Sanchoniatho mentions stones
called Betulia, which possessed the power of motion, as if they were instinct
with life. These were, in all probability, sacred rocking stones ; num
bers of which, erected by the Druids, are to be found in various parts of
our own island. — Faber's Dissert, on the Cabiri, vol. 2, p. 389, note, vol.
i. pp. 110 — 112. Setullo, a city in Spain, mentioned by Pomponius
Mela, lib. 2, cap. 6, is derived from Beth-El, the house of God. Ibid,
vol. i. p. 242, note. Bethulia, Judith 4, 6, and elsewhere in that book.
Bootle may possibly have the same derivation.
f In the 7 Eliz. there was a decree in the Duchy court of Lancaster,
for settling the customs of the queen's tenants, late belonging to the
abbey of Furness : Inter alia — It is further ordered and decreed, by the
said chancellor and council, by the full assent, consent, and agreement
of the said customary tenants [in the parish of Hawkshead], that the said
customary tenants, their heirs and assigns, being tenants of the premises,
shall for ever, at their own proper costs and charges, prepare, furnish,
and have in readiness, when they shall be thereunto required and com
manded by the queen's majesty her heirs and successors, or by any of
her other officers sufficiently authorized for the same, forty able men,
horsed, harnessed, and weaponed according to their ability by statute of
armory, and horse meet to serve in the war against the enemies of the
queen's majesty her heirs and successors, for the defence of the haven
and castle called the Peel of Fodra, or otherwise upon that coast, with-
out allowance of wages, coat, or conduct money : or elsewhere ; as need

PARISH OF BOOTLE. 127
Many of the rude weapons and tools of the
early inhabitants of Britain, formed of hard stone
or flint, and resembling those of the South Sea
Islands, have been discovered in this neighbour
hood. A heavy stone hammer, seven inches in
length, and four and a half in width, was found
at Bootle in 1813.
Black-Comb, a solitary mountain of gloomy
aspect, takes its name from the blackness of the
heath with which its sides are clad. He who
loves " to sit on rocks, to muse o'er sea and fell,"
will be amply repaid by climbing to the summit
of Black-Comb.
" Close by the Sea, lone sentinel,
Black-Comb his forward station keeps ;
He breaks the sea's tumultuous swell, —
And ponders o'er the level deeps.
He listens to the bugle horn,
Where Eskdale's lovely valley bends ;
Eyes Walney's early fields of corn ;
Sea-birds to Holker's woods he sends."
Although the elevation of this mountain is
greatly inferior to that of many of its neighbour
giants, — being only two-thirds of that of Sea-Fell,
Helvellyn, and Skiddaw, — yet on the authority
of that experienced surveyor, the late Colonel
Mudge, it is said to command a more extensive
view than any other point in Britain. " Ireland
he saw from it more than once, but not when the
sun was above the horizon." The summit of this
mountain was used during the late ordnance sur
vey, whence it is said that fourteen counties of
shall require, and shall be thereunto commanded and appointed out of
the realm, having allowance of coat and conduct money and wages as
inland men have. — Nicolson and Burn.
R 2

128 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
England and Scotland can be seen. On a clear
day Talk-on-the-Hill, in Staffordshire, can be
distinguished at a distance of nearly 100 miles;
and it is distinctly visible from the high lands
above Everton, near Liverpool, and from Bid-
stone, in Cheshire. Black-Comb is one of the
first objects seen by the mariner on coming from
Ireland. " The base of the mountain being on
the sea-shore, the prospect from its summit
abounds with great variety. The sublime ocean oc
cupies one half of the circumference : rising from
its surface, on the south, are seen Peel Castle and
the Isle of Walney. The Isle of Man is a con
spicuous object in the west. A fine indented
coast is the bulwark of Cumberland against the
sea ; on which are seen Egremont, Bootle, Mun
caster, Ravenglass, Broughton, and the pecu
liarly beautiful shores of Duddon. Far in the
east is an assemblage of mountains that we sup
posed to be those of Coniston and Ambleside :
perhaps Hardknot and Wrynose, Langdale Pikes,
and Helvellyn."
A cavity on this mountain is supposed to have
been the crater of a volcano at some distant
period : out of the lower corner flows a rivulet
into Whicham, which springs from the centre of
the crater : the depth and diameter of the cavity
is several hundred yards ; the fragments on the
margin are of vitrified matter, with some chrys-
talizations. There is a similar crater or cavity,
on the Old Man, at the head of Coniston Water
in Lancashire, and another on Helvellyn ; but
these differ so far, that they have each a lake at
the mouth of their cavities.*
* Rev. W. Pearson, in Hutchinson.

parish of bootle. 129
The Town of Bootle.
Bootle is an ancient market-town, " supposed
to be the smallest in England." It is about six
miles S.S.E. of Ravenglass, and about nine N.N.E.
of Millom church. The market was granted to
John de Hudleston, in 1347, to be held on Wed
nesday, and a fair for four days at the feast ofthe
Exaltation of the Holy Cross* (September 14.)
A butcher-market is now held on Saturday ; but
there has been no corn-market for many years.
There are also fairs holden here, but the dates
are often changed.
The market-cross is surrounded by steps, and
has four shields at the base of the shaft ; three of
which, if not originally plain, are now defaced ;
but that on the south side is charged with the
arms of the Hudlestons — formerly lords of Mil
lom. The dissenting chapel was built in 1780 by
Mr. Joseph Whitridge, a native ofthe parish, and
a member of Lady Huntington's connection, for
the use of which it was erected and endowed
with 1000/. vested in trustees, who have since
placed it in the hands of the Independents.f
Captain Shaw, R.N., the founder of the new
School in this parish, has a residence near the town.
Cross-house, a httle to the north of the church,
is the residence of Christopher Hobson, Esq.
The Church.
The benefice is a rectory, and the church is
dedicated to St. Michael. It was given to the
• Cart. 21 Edw. III. m. 17. t Parson and White.

130 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.

abbey of St. Mary, at York, by " Godard the
Sewer," or Godard Dapifer, the second lord of
Millom. In the year 1527 the abbot and convent
presented a rector ; in 1660 William Pennington,
Esq. presented ; and in 1664, a rector was in
stituted on the presentation of the king. In 1717
Robert Pennington, Esq. was certified as the patron.
Lord Muncaster, his descendant, sold it to ....
Wakefield, Esq. of Kendal, from whom the ad
vowson was purchased by the Earl of Lonsdale,
the present proprietor. The benefice is valued
in the King's Books at 19/. 17s. 3\d. and was
certified to the governors of Queen Ann's bounty
at 70/. 2s. 2d. It pays a pension of 4s. to St. Bees.
The registers commence in 1655 : but, in se
veral places, they have been most negligently
kept, and have suffered very much from damp.
The present rector, however, bestows more care
on them : under his surveillance, they will be
preserved from future injury. There are no en
tries of marriages before justices of the peace
during the Commonwealth.
The rectory of Bootle is thus entered in the
Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. : —
Botyll Sector' eccVie.
Ricus. Broune incumbens. Rector' p'dca.
valet in «
Mansione cum gleba ette- } __
nement' p. am. $
Decim'granos.xjJ xiijs-iiijd^

s.
xij

»u

feni xiijs. iiijd. decim'
Ian' et agnell' Ixiijs. iiijd.
decim' pisciu. marinos.
vjs. viij^. lini & canabi
iijs. iiijrf. columbar' ijs.
minut' et privat' decim'
cum oblac' ut in libra
paschal' lxxiijs. iiijd. .
In tolo

>-xix xv iiij

£ s. d.
>xx vij viij

PARISH OF BOOTLE. 131
Repris' viz in
Sinod' ij*. jd. procurac' 3 £ s. d.
iiijs. xd. annual' pens' > — x vj — x vj
priori See. Bege iiijs. ) £ s. d.
Et valet clare xix xvij ij
Xma. ps. inde — xxxixviijob'q'
List of Rectors.
 Richard Brown, occurs 1535.
1660 Richard Hutton.
1664 Richard Hutton, S.T.B., ob. 1104*
1704 Henry Holmes.
1729 Daniel Steele, ob. 1764.
1764 Miles Wennington.
1771 Henry Crookbaine.
1776 Thomas Smith.
1789 Thomas Smith, ob. 1807.
1807 James Satterthwaite, D. D.f
1813 John Fleming, Senior, ob. 1835.
1835 Alexander Scott, M.A.
Within the last three or four years the church
has been enlarged at a very considerable expence.
The parishioners came forward with their sub
scriptions in a style of liberality which reflects
the highest credit upon them ; and they were
assisted in the good work by a donation of 84/.,
from The Society for building and enlarging
Churches ; and " though last, not least" by the gift
of 100/., from William, Earl of Lonsdale, the
patron of the living.
The church of St. Michael of Bootle is an an-
• A benefactor to the school.
t Afterwards rector of Lowther.

132 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
cient structure, but has undergone very extensive
alterations. It was repaired in the latter end of
the last century, and again, as already stated, in
the year 1837, when north and south transepts
were added to the simple original plan of a nave
and chancel. The entrance, by a porch at the
western end, is surmounted by a bell-turret, car
rying two bells. The alterations effected lately
have been so extensive as to render it impossible for
one previously unacquainted with the church to
form any opinion of its former appearance. The
changes, however, in this instance have happily
been made in good taste. The windows are
narrow lancets with dripstones. The interior is
neatly pewed ; and the middle aisle is not en
cumbered by the pulpit and reading-desk. The
chancel arch is circular. A gallery has been
lately erected over the entrance at the western
end. The font, placed in a pew at the west end, is
octagonal,* with a capacious circular basin. It is
quite plain, excepting a string-course round the
centre. The top part, which is larger than the
pedestal, bears eight shields, two on each side,
* The octagon had a mystical meaning in the ancient Christian
church, and has been designated as " the most appropriate form for the
font, and the most beautiful as well as the most ecclesiastical." Some
verses may be appropriately added here, which were written by St,
Ambrose, upwards of fourteen centuries ago, and inscribed over the font
of St. Tecla. " Octachorum sanctos templum surrexit in usus,
Octagonus fons est, munere dignus eo.
Hoc numero decuit sacri baptismatis aulam
Surgere, quo populis vera salus rediit
Luce resurgentis Christi, qui claustra resolvit
Mortis, et e tumulis, suscitet examines."

PARISH OF BOOTLE. 133
with this inscription in text-hand : — In nomine
patrt * fflit *r Spirit' sartia. There are also
the initials, R. B. and on another shield, a bugle
horn* and the initials, j f). The former letters
might be the initials of the lord of the seigniory
of Millom, or the incumbent, or the abbot of St.
Mary's, at York, to whom the church belonged.f
* Erroneously stated in Hutchinson's Cumberland to be an " emble
matical anchor." The font is incorrectly described, and the inscription
is given wrong, in that publication : see Gentleman's Magazine, Jan.
1795, where the work is severely censured for its general inaccuracy.
f "By an antient Ecclesiastical Constitution (A. D. 1236,) a font of
stone was required to be placed in every church, and it was to be capaci
ous enough for total immersion. At this early period Fonts appear to
have been regarded with peculiar reverence, and are frequently preserved,
whatever changes the church may have undergone : for this reason
Norman fonts are very numerous: they are frequently richly orna
mented and well worthy of preservation : their form is usually
square, supported on five legs, or small pillars ; or circular, at first sup
ported also upon legs, but at a subsequent period assuming the form of a
cup, supported on a single pillar or pedestal, and richly ornamented,
many examples of which occur during the later Norman period : some.
times they are in the form of a tub, richly ornamented, or with four small
pillars placed against it, giving it the appearance at first sight of being
square: they are also sometimes octagonal. Early English Fonts are
frequently octangular, but commonly circular, and sometimes square ; it
is not always easy to distinguish them from the later examples of the
preceding style, excepting where the ornaments peculiar to this style are
found. Fonts of this style are less common than any of the others, ex
cepting perhaps the Decorated : these are usually octagonal, sometimes
hexagonal ; and though the cup-like form is frequently continued, the
pedestal is also octagonal or hexagonal. In the Perpendicular style, the
octagon form is almost invariably used ; but in othei respects the variety
is almost endless. Fonts of this style are frequently very splendid, and
the workmanship is usually better than in any of the others ; they are
frequently richly panelled. At this period we often find wooden covers
of a pyramidal form, corresponding in ornaments and workmanship with
the font itself: a few of these may, possibly, remain of an earlier period.
S

134 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
This font, which is of marble, has been (perhaps
unnecessarily) painted. It is placed in a corner,
This cover is, in some rare instances, fixed to the font, with an opening
at the side to enable the priest to make use of it. On the continent,
fonts are frequently enclosed in a distinct building, either attached to the
church, or enclosed within it, and called a Baptistery : the only example
remaking in England is believed to be that at Luton, Bedfordshire.
Fonts are usually of stone or marble, but sometimes of lead ; and that of
Canterbury cathedral, used for the baptism of infants ofthe royal family,
was of silver. They are usually placed at the west end, near the south
entrance of the church.
" From the time of the Reformation to the days of puritanic fury in the
reign of Charles I., there was a strong propensity to remove or neglect
the Font, and use a basin instead. This was checked by the church as
much as possible on all occasions; and by the 81st Canon of 1603 it is
directed that, ' According to a former constitution too much neglected in
many places, there shall be a Font of stone in every church and chapel,
where baptism is to be ministred : the same to be set in the antient usual
place. In which onely Font the minister shall baptize publickly.' And
among the enquiries directed to be made by the churchwardens, in 1597-
1604, &c, one is, whether the Font has been removed from its accustomed
place, and whether they use a basin or other vessel. That all these efforts
were ultimately in many cases of no avail, may be learned from the nu
merous examples we continually meet with, but we rarely have the tale
so well told as in the following extracts from the parish accounts of St.
Martin's church, Leicester.
1645. 'For a bason to be used at baptism, 5s.
' For a standard to bear the same, 15s.
' For laying the same in marble colour, 5s.
1651, May 7. ' Received of George Smith, for a stone belonging to the
Font, 7s.'
1661, Feb. 4. 'Agreed, that the Font of stone formerly belonging to the
church shall be set up in the antient place, and that the other now
standing near the desk be taken down.'
' At a parish meeting the new Font, fashioned and placed agreeable
with the puritanic times, was ordered to be taken down, and the old
stone one to be erected where it formerly stood.'
1662, April 8. ' Paid widow Smith for the Font-stone, being the price
her husband paid for it, 7s.'

PARISH OF BOOTLE. 135
so that six of its sides are now concealed by the
walls and pews.
A brass plate on the south wall of the chancel
bears the effigies of a knight in armour, with the
following inscription* : —
&ere liettj Sir i^uglje &B6eto, Sit88!lt, late of flje seller to ©sitae
lEatoartr tijr b}. totjt'cj) Sir i&ualje toss matte ftit£gfjt,at j$tus8eU>orougf)
fel&e, to se sere of oure ILortr, 1547, attfc Weir fje secoirti ua» of iKarcje,
in tjje sere of our Uorti <8ou, 1562.
On the north wall of the chancel is a tablet
with this inscription : — In
Memory of
JOHN BENSON
of Esk Meals,
interred in this church, July 19th, 1764,
aged 38 years.
And also of
BRIDGET his wife,
and daughter of Daniel Steele,
Heretofore rector of Bootle,
Interred May 30th, 1761,
Aged 24 years.
On the south wall of the chancel is a hatch
ment, with these arms — Argent, on a fess sable
three stags' heads cabossed, or, impaling . . , three
" Unfortunately ' the fashion of the puritanic times' still prevails in too
many instances, to the disgrace of the authorities, whose duty it is to see
that the canons of the church are obeyed. So lately as the year 1838
the only Font in a parish church, Cambridge, was a pint basin standing
upon a four-legged stool. If such examples are suffered to remain in like
places, how can we be surprised at the prevalence of so unseemly a cus
tom." — Glossary of Architecture.
* See an account of this Sir Hugh Askew, under Seton.
s 2

136 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
greyhounds current in pale, sable; and bearing
this inscription : —
RICARDVS HVTTON, S.T.B.
Ecclesiae Botelensis Rector Doctissimus,
Immortalitatem, quam Parochianis per Quadraginta
Annos, tam Moribus, quam Doctrina, sedulo praedicavit,
Ipse tandem consecutus est, Calend. Jul.
A. D. MDCCIV.
Cum Vixisset annos LXXI.
A board on the front of the west gallery bears
this inscription : —
This church was enlarged in the year 1837, by which means 148 addi
tional sittings were obtained ; and in consequence of a grant from the
incorporated society for promoting the enlargement, building, and repair
ing of churches and chapels, 84 of that number are hereby declared to
be free and unappropriated for ever, in addition to 315 sittings formerly
provided, 30 of which were free.
ALEXANDER SCOTT, Minister,
JOHN SHAW, 1 Churchwardens,
JOHN BROCKLEBANK, '
We the undersigned certify to the above :
ALEXANDER SCOTT, Minister,
ISAAC SHAW, Esq. 1 Inhabitants.
WILLIAM GRICE, Sen. >
Signed, H. JONES UNDERWOOD, Surveyor.
Bootle, dated this eighth day of January, 1838.
There are also inscriptions to the memory of
the Rev. Daniel Steele, rector of the parish, ob.
1764, aged 75 ; and the Rev. John Wennington,
B.A., ob. 1764, aged 34.
The rectory-house, a substantial stone building,
closely adjoining the church, and surrounded by
noble trees, was rebuilt about three years since.
Seton Nunnery.
Lands in Seton, or, as it was then called, Leke-
ley, were granted to the abbey of St. Mary,

PARISH OF BOOTLE. 137
Holme-Cultram, by Gunild, daughter of Henry
de Boyvill fourth lord of Millom, in the following
form : —
Universis sanctae matris ecclesiae filiis, Gunilda filia Hen-
rici filii Arturi, salutem in domino. Noverit universitas
vestra me merae charitatis intuitu, in libera potestate et
viduitate mea, dedisse, concessisse et hac praesenti carta mea
confirmasse, Deo et beatae Marias de Holmcoltram et mona-
chis ibidem Deo servientibus, in liberam et perpetuam ele-
emosynam, pro salute animae meae et omnium antecessorum
et successorum meorum, totam terram meam quam Henricus
pater meus dedit mihi in maritagium et carta sua confirmavit
in Lekeley, cum omnibus pertinentiis et aisiamentis ad ean-
dem terram pertinentibus, sine ullo retenemento, in bosco,
in piano, in agris, in culturis, in pratis, pascuis, et pastursi,
in aquis et molendinis, et omnibus aliis locis et rebus, libere,
quiete, pacifice, integre, et honorifice, ab omni seculari ser-
vitio, consuetudine, exactione (salvo forinseco servitio quan
tum pertinet ad tantam terram de feodo unius militis de tota
terra quae est inter Esk et Doden). Praeterea, dedi et con-
cessi et hac praesenti charta mea confirmavi eisdem monachis
et hominibus ipsorum, omnes libertates mihi concessas per
cartam Henrici filii Arturi patris mei, scilicet ut habeant
scalingas ubi utilius visum fuerit in Crocherch, et communem
pasturam cum hominibus praedicti Henrici filii Arturi et
haeredum et successorum suorum. Et ut animalia eorum et
hominum suorum tam longe eant ad pascendum in forestam
praedicti Henrici et haeredum et successorum suorum ubi
voluerint, ut noctibus possint redire domum. Et si forte
contigerit animalia sua una nocte in foresta manere absque
consuetudine, sine placito et calumpnia domum redire permit-
tentur. Hanc autem praedictam terram cum omnibus perti
nentiis, ego et haeredes et successores mei warrantizabimus
praefatis monachis contra omnes homines in perpetuum. In
cujus rei testimonium, &c.
John de Hodeliston (Hudleston) for the health
of his soul, and of the souls of all his ancestors
and successors, confirmed to God and the monks
of Holme-Cultram serving God there, all the land
of Lekeley, which they had by the gift of
Gunild, the daughter of Henry Boyvill, fourth

138 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
lord of Millom, son of Arthur. The witnesses
were — "Miche. de Hartecla tunc vice-comitte
Cumbr. . Thom. de Culwenne . Robto. de
haverington . Robto. de Feritate . Thom.
de Neuton . & Robto. de Whyterigg militi-
bus . Hugone de Moriceby . Rico, de
Cleterue . Johe. de Morthing & aliis."*
Joan, widow of the above John de Hodeliston,
for the health of her own soul, of her late hus
band's, and of all her ancestors and successors,
made a confirmation to the monks of Holme-
Cultram, of all the lands in Lekeley which they
had by the above charter of Gunild, daughter of
Henry Boyvill. Witnesses — "Dno. Patric. de
Wirkinton . Dno. Johe. de Langeluierth .
Dno. Wydone de Boyuilla . Nicholao de Mo-
risceby . Johe. de Cambtona . Hugone fre.
dni. patricii de Wirkinton . Johe. de Thuay-
thes . Willo. de Estonhing . Et aliis."f
We cannot ascertain the precise date of the
foundation of this nunnery : it appears to have
taken place in or before the time of Henry Boy
vill, fourth lord of Millom, (see parish of Millom)
who lived about the commencement of the thir
teenth century, as Mr. John Denton says, " the
said Henry Fitz Arthur gave other lands in
Leakley, now called Seaton, unto the nuns of
Leakley, or Seaton, which of late were granted
unto Sir Hugh Askew, Knight. J
* From an ancient charter (published in Archosologia jEliana,) the
original of which was, in 1830, " in the possession of William John Charl
ton, of Hesleyside, Esq. and came into his family, in 1680, by the marriage
of his great-great-grandfather with Mary, daughter of Francis Salkeld, of
Whitehall, in the parish of All-Hallows, in Cumberland, Esq."
f Ibid.
{ The Askew family derive their descent from Thruston de Bosco,

PARISH OF BOOTLE. 139
"The deed of feofment, made by the said
Henry Fitz Arthur to Goynhild his daughter,
approves the same, for therein is excepted as
follows — ' Excepta terra in Leakley quam dedi
Sanctis monidlibus servientibus Deo et Sanctce
Marice in Leekleya.' "
The nunnery was founded for Benedictine nuns,
and was dedicated to St. Leonard. The church
of Irton appears to have been appropriated to the
nunnery very soon after the foundation. The
date of that appropriation, A.D. 1227, is given by
Tanner on the authority of the register of Walter
Grey, Archbishop of York.
Henry, Duke of Lancaster (afterwards Henry
IV.), by his charter, in 1357, setting forth that
the priory of Seaton was so poor that it could
not sufficiently maintain the prioress and nuns,
grants to them in aid the hospital of St. Leonard
at Lancaster, with power to appoint the chantry
priest to officiate in the said hospital, in the fol
lowing form : —
Henricus dux Lancastriae, comes Derbiae, Lincolniae, &
Leycestriae, & Senescallus Angliae, Omnibus ad quos prae-
sentes literae pervenerint salutem. Sciatis pro eo quod
accepimus ex testimonio fidedigno, quod Prioratus de Seton
in comitatu Cumbriae ita exilis existit, quod ad sustenta-
tionem Priorissae & monialium ejusdem Prioratus sufEcere
non possit : Nos in honore Dei & sancti Leonardi, & prae-
textu licentiae excellentissimi principis domini nostri Eegis
Angliae & Franciae illustris, nobis, & praefatis Priorissae &
monialibus per literas Patentes ipsius Eegis factae, de Hos-
pitali sancti Leonardi de Lancastria, quod jam vacat, &
collationi nostrae de jure spectat, auxilium sustentationis
who lived, in the reign of John, at Aikskeugh, near Millom, and after
wards at Graymains, near Muncaster. Anne Askew, whose name stands
so eminent in the pages of martyrology, was one of his descendants. —
Beauties of England §c. xv. 234.

140 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
earundem Priorissae & monialium apponere volentes, dedi-
mus, & concessimus pro nobis et haeredibus nostris, quantum
in nobis est, praefatis Priorissae & monialibus dictum Hos-
pitale, cum omnibus terris & possessionibus ad idem Hos-
tale spectantibus. Habendum eisdem Priorissae et Monial
ibus, et successoribus suis, in puram & perpetuam elemosi-
nam, tanquam dicto Prioratui annexum imperpetuum.
Concessimus etiam eisdem Priorissae & monialibus quod
ilia cantaria, quae solebat esse in dicto Hospitali de uno
capellano, divina singulis diebus celebrando, valeat in dicto
Prioratu, per easdem Priorissam & moniales inveneri sine
impedimento nostri, vel haeredum nostrorum. Ita semper
quod Burgenses nostri de Lancaster, ad hoc concordare
voluerint, & quod faciant elemosinas, & alia onera eidem
Hospitali, de jure et ab antiquo incumbencia. In cujus rei
testimonium has Literas nostras fieri fecimus Patentes. Teste
 apud Prestone, primo die  ducatus nostri
sexto.* De eodem Hospitali.
Juratores dicunt super Sacramentum suum quod Johannes
rex Angliae fundabat Hospitale sancti Leonardi apud Lan
castrian!, pro uno Majistro, & uno capellano & novem pau-
peribus, quorum tres erint leprosi, 8r alii sani. Quilibet
eorum capiet per diem unum panem qui ponderabit octavam
partem unius petrae, Sf habebunt potagium tres dies in sep-
timana ; videlicit, die Dominica, die Lunae Sf die Veneris.
valet 6.lib. 6.s. 8.d.\
Thomas York, abbot of Holme-Cultram, by
indenture, dated 18th October, 1459, leased to
Elizabeth Creft, prioress of Seton, all the lands
between the rivers Esk and Duddon, for twelve
years, at the yearly rent of 20s.
The following are the particulars of the entry
of the nunnery in the Valor Ecclesiasticus of
Henry VIII.
Prioratus Monialiu' De Seton.
Joh'a Seton priorissa ib'm.
Com' Cumbr'. Tempalia.
* Dugdale's Monast. Ang. — "Ex autog. in officio armorum."
t Ibid.— Inq. ad quod damnum.

PARISH OF BOOTLE.

141

£ s. d.
— xxx —
— xiiij iiij

£ s.
vj —
d.
viij

d.
"ij

£ s. d.^
— xj viij

Valet in
Situ prioratus pdict'. cum terr' dnicalibs.
eidm. annexat' per annu.
Redd' Sf firmis divs'. tent', in Whitebyke
xs. tent', in Purdes iijs. iiijrf. un' tent'.
in Bolle xjs. In toto.
Com' Lancastr'. Tempalia.
Valet in
Redd' Sf firmis divs'. terr' Sf tent', in villa
Lancastr' p. annu. £ s.
viij iiij
Com' Cumbr'. Sp'ualia.
Valet in
Gleba ecclie. de Hirton cu
terr' adjacen' p. am.
Decim' granos xxijs. xiijd.
agn' xs. Ian' xvjs. gall' auc'
pore' & vitul' ijs. iiijd. ob- (  . _ _ y — cxij viij
lac' tribz diebz prencipa- r J ~
libz xs. minut' & privat' I
decim' ut in libro paschali J
xls. In tot' £ s. d.
Sma. omi'. tempaliu. & sp'ualiu. ? 
priorat' pdc'. P ^iy xvy mj
Repris'.
Pens' 8r Sinod' viz in
Pens' anti'. solut' priori Sci. Bigge xij<#.
sinod' Sf pcurac'. ecclie. de Hirton iiijs. '
iijd. ob' Elemos' viz in
Elemos' dat anti'.paupibz.in die parasphise
tam in pcio. duos, quarterios. siliginis
qam.in denar' ex fund' $*antiqua consuet' £ t

d.

s.X

s.
XX

d.
iij ob'

Et valet clare
Xma. ps. inde

d.
— xxv — ob'
£ s. d.
xij xij — ob'
— xxv ij ob'

142 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
At the dissolution, the possessions of this
nunnery were of the annual value of 12/. 12s. 6d.
according to Dugdale, or, by Speed's valuation,
13/. 17s. 4d. Tanner says "Henry Kirby was
accounted patron about the time of the dissolu
tion." In the year 1542 (33rd Henry VIII.),
the nunnery was granted to Sir Hugh Askew,
knight, to hold of the king in capite by the ser
vice of the twentieth part of one knight's fee, and
the rent of 9s. 2d. to be paid yearly into the
court of augmentations. Sir Hugh settled the
same upon his wife (a daughter of Sir John
Hudleston), and she, after his death, marrying
into the family of the Penningtons of Muncaster,
gave the same to her younger son, William
Pennington. It is now the property of Edward
Wakefield, Esq. of Kendal, by purchase of John,
Lord Muncaster, a descendant of the Penning
tons. In the 5th and 6th Philip and Mary, Thomas
Reve and Nicholas Pynde, of London, gentlemen,
purchased of the crown the above-named rent of
9s. 2d. together with divers free rents in Seton
late belonging to the nunnery.
Of Seton and the above Sir Hugh Askew, we
have the following account in Sandford's MS.
Account of Cumberland : — " Ffour miles south
ward stands Seaton, an estate of .£500 per annum,
sometimes a religious house, got by one Sir Hugo
Askew, yeoman ofthe seller to Queen Catharine
in Henry Eight's time, and born in this contry.
And when that Queen was divorced from her
husband, this yeoman was destitute. And he
applied for ,help to [the] Lo. Chamberlain for
some place or other in the king's service.

PARISH OF BOOTLE. 143
The Lord Steward knew him well, because he
had helpt to a cup [of] wine ther before, but
told him he had no place for him but a Charcoal
carrier. ' Well' quoth this monsir Askew, ' help
me in with one foot, and let me gett in the other
as I can.' And upon a great holiday, the king
looking out at some sports, Askew got a courtier,
a friend of his, to stand before the king ; and
Askew gott on his velvet cassock and his gold
chine, and baskett of chercole on his back, and
marched in the king's sight with it. ' O,' saith
the king, ' now I like yonder fellow well, that
disdains not to doe his dirty office in his dainty
clothes : what is he ?' Says his friende that stood
by on purpose, ' It is Mr Askew, that was yeoman
of the seller to the late Queen's matie' and now
glad of this poor place to keep him in yr matie's ser
vice, which he will not forsake for all the world.'
The king says, 'I had the best wine when he was
i'th celler. He is a gallant wine-taster : let him
have his place againe ;' and afterwards knighted
him ; and he sold his place, and married the
daughter of Sir John Hudleston; (and purchased*
this religious place of Seaton, nye wher he was
borne, of an ancient freehold family,) and settled
this Seaton upon her, and she afterwards married
monsir Penington, Lo : of Montcaster, and had
Mr. Joseph and a yonger son with Penington,
and gave him this Seaton."
There are few remains of the conventual build
ings now left : some part of the priory-chapel is
still standing, particularly a fine window with
* Qu. Had a grant of J
T 2

144 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
lancets, in the style of the thirteenth century.
Seton-hall, formerly a part of the conventual
buildings, and subsequently the residence of Sir
Hugh Askew, is now occupied as a farm-house.
Charities.
The Old School. — This school is endowed with
about 21/. per annum arising from several be
quests : — 200/. was given by Mr. Singleton ; 50/.
by the Rev. Richard Hutton, B.D. rector of
Bootle, who died in 1704; and several other
benefactors. The sum of 416/. lis. is vested in
the harbour of Whitehaven. For the endowment
the master educates gratuitously six children of
this parish, and also the children from three estates
in the parish of Corney — Middleton-place, White-
stone, and Kinmont; and from the estate of
Annaside, in the parish of Whitbeck.
The New School. — A very handsome and com
modious school-house was erected, in 1830, by
Captain Shaw, R.N. who resides in this parish.
Both boys and girls receive their education here.
The salaries of the master and mistress are raised
by subscription.
Poor Stock. — There is an antient poor-stock of
20/. belonging to the parish ; the interest of which
was distributed annually to the poor, on St.
Thomas's day. This has not been paid since the
new poor-law came into operation.
Ann Hodgson's Bequest. — Ann Hodgson, a
native of Bootle, left 50/. the interest to be given
annually to the poor who do not receive parochial
relief.

£!je Cartel) of Millom

ONTAINS the townships
1 of Birker and Awsthwaite,
Millom Above, Millom Be
low, and Chapel Sucken,and
the parochial chapelries of
Ulpha and Thwaites. It
W has been otherwise spelt —
Millum,Milham,andMillam.
This parish is the extreme southern part of the
county; and is bounded on the east, by the
Duddon, which divides it from Furness in Lan
cashire ; on the north, by the Esk, which divides
it from the parish of Muncaster, and the chapelry
of Eskdale ; on the west, by tbe parishes of
Waberthwaite, Corney, Bootle, Whitbeck, and
Whicham ; and on the south, by the mouth of
the Duddon. The length of this parish, from
north to south, is about eighteen miles, and its
average breadth from two to four.
This parish appears isolated by the mountains
and the Duddon. The southern part is in general
fertile ; but a large portion in the north consists
of wastes and pasture-grounds. The chapelry of
Ulpha contains extensive woodlands and mountain
tracts, with some good grazing ground; and
Thwaites chapelry affords excellent pasture. Part
of the parish is much exposed to the winds from

146 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the Irish Sea, and vegetation is frequently retarded
by the beating rains or the driving sands.
Mr. T. Denton, writing in 1688, speaks of iron
forges in this parish, to supply which, oak to the
value of 4,000/. had been cut down in the park.
The forges were probably near the brook which
yet retains the name of Furnace-beck. Iron ore
has been sometimes got at Hodbarrow and in
Millom park. There is abundance of limestone
in the parish, which is quarried in several places.
Copper ore has been obtained at different times,
but not in sufficient quantities to repay the
working : Joshua King, Esq. of Queen's College,
Cambridge, a few years since made an unsuccessful
attempt. A vein has been recently discovered
in the manor of Ulpha, which promises to be very
productive, (see Ulpha.) No coal is found in the
parish. There are slate beds in Millom park
and in the chapelry of Thwaites, but they do not
break sufficiently large to be valuable. Blue
slate is plentiful in the chapelry of Ulpha.
The Duddon produces salmon and fine sand-
eels, and the bay in which it joins the ocean has
long been well-known for its mussels and cockles.
Mr. Sandford, who wrote about 1675, speaks of
the Duddon as " a brave river, where the famous
cockles of all England is gathered in the sands,
scraped out with hooks like sickles, and brave
salmons and flookes, the bravest in England,
hung up and dried like bacon, and as good feeding
as Ireland salt wi. . ."*
There was formerly a market here on Wed
nesday, and a fair for three days at the festival of
* MS. Deau and Chapter Library, Carlisle.

PARISH OF MILLOM. 147
the Holy Trinity, which was granted to John
Hudleston in 1250.* Nicolson and Burn, who
wrote in 1777, say the market "hath been long
discontinued." Black-Comb, the mountain between Millom
and Bootle, is described in another part of this
volume, in our account of the latter parish, (page
127). On Birker moor, in the northern part of
Millom, is a small lake called Devoke Water,
well-known for its fine red trout ; it is frequented
by a bird of the Larus kind, called Devoke Wa
ter Mew. In its bosom is a single rock which,
owing to its neighbourhood to the sea, is — " The
haunt of cormorants and sea-mew's clang." This
lake is six miles east of Ravenglass, nearly half
a mile in length, and has an outlet which runs
into the Esk. Near it are the water-falls of Stan
ley Gill and Birker Force. The latter is one of
the finest cascades in the county. " The height
of the fall is comparatively inconsiderable ; but
the characteristic features of the scene it presents,
differ so remarkably from those of any other in
this neighbourhood, that the tourist will be
highly gratified with the spectacle. The rocks
in which it is situated, assume a pointed and
glacier-like appearance ; and the fir and larch
trees which cluster round their bases, unite with
them in producing a truly alpine effect. Indeed,
such another scene is not to be met with in the
lake district, wherein the most admired features
of the continental picturesque are blended with
the rich and varied forms that compose an En
glish landscape." » Cart. Rot. 35 Hen. III.

148 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
In the township of Millom Above, are several
springs below Marsh-side, impregnated with salt,
and of a purging nature ; there is also a similar
one at Hodbarrow ; and all are called by the
neighbours, Holy Wells.
Burrow Crails, or Barwick Rails, on Duddon
Sands, in the township of Millom Below, eight
miles S.S.E. of Bootle, is a natural harbour or
creek where slate, corn, &c. are shipped, and
coals imported, in vessels of about 100 tons bur
then. Near Burrow Crails is Holborn Hill, said to
have been so called from the following circum
stance : — " The tradition is, that a lady of Millom
returning from her first visit to court, was so
struck with its resemblance to the well known
locality of that name, that she gave it to it, and
it has borne the name ever since. The curious
traveller, who has faith in tradition, may form
from this spot some idea what the present centre
of the British metropolis was two centuries ago."*
" It is supposed there was anciently a church
at Kirksanton, in the township of Chapel Sucken,
which it is presumed, was formerly an independent
rectory, though the vicar of Millom now receives
from it tithes of corn, and a modus in lieu of
hay."f Kirksanton, with its appurtenances, was
granted by the Boyvill family to the abbey of St.
Mary, in Furness.
At Lowscales, in this parish, several relics of
antiquity have been found at various times : in
1824, an ancient British battle-axe was dug up
here, 13 J inches in length.
$ Liverpool Journal. f Parson and White.

parish of millom. 149
The Seigniory of Millom.
This great lordship is the largest within the
barony of Egremont ; it contains the parishes of
Millom, Bootle, Whicham, Whitbeck, Corney,
and Waberthwaite. It is of a triangular form,
about 1 8 miles in length, and its greatest breadth
is about 8 miles. It is bounded on the east, by
the Duddon ; on the south, by the isle of Wal-
ney, and the Pile of Fouldra ; on the west, by
the Irish Sea ; and on the north, by the Esk,
and the mountains Hardknot and Wrynose. It
contains several manors which are holden imme
diately of Millom, as Millom is of Egremont,
with some difference of service.
This seigniory anciently enjoyed great privi
leges : it was a special jurisdiction into which the
sheriff of the county could not enter ; its lords had
the power of life or death, and enjoyed jura regalia
in the six parishes forming their seigniory. Mr.
Denton, writing in 1 688,says that the gallows stood
on a hill near the castle, on which criminals had
been executed within the memory of persons then
living. To commemorate the power anciently
possessed by the lords of this seigniory, a stone
has been recently erected, with this inscription —
"Here the Lords of Millom exercised Jura Regalia."
Mr. John Denton gives the following account
of this seigniory : " This great manor, in the time
of King Henry I. was given by William Meschines,
Lord of Egremont, to ***** de Boyvill, father
to Godard de Boyvill, (named in ancient evidences
Godardus Dapifer) who, being lord of Milium, did
give unto the abbot and monks of Furness a car-
rucate of land there, with the appurtenances, called

150 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
yet to this day Monk Force, which Arthur, the
son of Godard, confirmed unto the abbey, and
after him, in like sort, his son and heir, Henry,
the son of Arthur, reserving only the harts and
hinds, wild boars and their kinds, and all airies of
hawks. " But whatsoever the Lord of Egremont, Wil
liam Meschines, reserved upon the first grant of
the Boyvills, whether demesne or forest liberties,
Dame Cicely Romely, (one of the coheirs of Wil
liam Fitz Duncan) Countess of Albemarle, to
whose posterity this Milium was allotted by par
tition, gave and fully confirmed the same to the
said Arthur Fitz Godard, and to Henry his son,
and their heirs, by her charter yet extant, under
seal, bounding the same thus — " Dedi et concessi
Henricofilio Arthuri et Haeredibus suis jus Hceredi-
tarium, viz. totam terram et totum feodum inter Esk et
Doddon cum p'tinentiis," fyc. And Dame Hawise,
her sole daughter and heir, then the wife of Wil
liam de Mandevill, advised her husband to confirm
it. "And for a recognition ofthe grant made to the
Boyvills, Arthur, and Henry his son, by Dame
Cicely, the Countess, they paid to King Henry II.
for a post fine, one hundred pounds, and five
couples of hounds, the records terming them,
decern fugatores.
" And an old tradition* makes these Boyvills
to have been very near of kin to the Lords
of Egremont, and gives us an account of the
occasion upon which Milium was transferred to
the said Boyvills, which is said to be thus ; the
* This tradition is also given in Sandford's MS.

PARISH OF MILLOM. 151
Baron of Egremont being taken prisoner beyond
the seas by the infidels, could not be redeemed
without a great ransom, and being far from Eng
land, entered his brother or kinsman for his surety,
promising, with all possible speed, to send him
money to set him free ; but upon his return home
to Egremont, he changed his mind, and most
unnaturally and unthankfully suffered his brother
to lie in prison, in great distress and extremity,
until his hair was grown to an unusual length,
like to a woman's hair. The Pagans being out
of hopes of the ransom, in great rage most cruelly
hanged up their pledge, binding the long hair of
his head to a beam in the prison, and tied his
hands so behind him, that he could not reach to
the top where the knot was fastened to loose
himself. During his imprisonment, the Paynim's
daughter became enamoured of him, and sought
all good means for his deliverance, but could not
enlarge him : she understanding of this last cruelty,
by means made to his keeper, entered the prison,
and taking her knife to cut the hair, being hastened,
she cut the skin of his head, so as, with the weight
of his body, he rent away the rest, and fell down
to the earth half dead ; but she presently took
him up, causing surgeons to attend him secretly,
till he recovered his former health, beauty, and
strength, and so entreated her father for him,
that he set him at liberty.
" Then, desirous to revenge his brother's ingra
titude, he got leave to depart to his country, and
took home with him the hatterell of his hair, rent
off as aforesaid, and a bugle-horn, which he com
monly used to carry about him, when he was in
England, where he shortly arrived, and coming
u 2

152 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
towards Egremont Castle about noontide of the
day, where his brother was at dinner, he blew
his bugle-horn, which (says the tradition) his
brother the baron presently acknowledged, and
thereby conjectured his brother's return ; and
then sending his friends and servants to learn his
brother's mind to him, and how he had escaped,
they brought back report of all the miserable
torment which he had endured for his unfaithful
brother the baron, which so astonished the baron
(half dead before with the shameful remembrance
of his own disloyalty and breach of promise) that
he abandoned all company, and would not look
on his brother, till his just wrath was pacified by
dihgent entreaty of the friends. And to be sure
of his brother's future kindness, he gave the lord
ship of Milium to him and his heirs for ever.
Whereupon the first Lords of Milium gave for
their arms the horn and the hatterell.
" But whatever the occasion of the grant was,
the Boyvills were from the place called De Mil
ium, and have anciently held the same with great
liberties, and had Jura Regalia there. John
Hudleston did prescribe thereto in the 20th
year of King Edward I. and was allowed before
Hugh de Cressingham in the pleas of quo warranto,
holden for the king."
The Boyvills or Boisvilles took their surname
from the place, and were styled de Millom ; they
held the same in their issue male, from the reign
of Henry I. to the reign of Henry III. — a space
of one hundred years, when their name and family
ended in a daughter.
Boyvill, or de MiLlom, Lords of Millom.
Arms : — Argent, a bend between two mullets sable.

parish of millom. 153
Godard de Boyvill to whom William de Meschines granted
the lordship of Millom.* He gave the manor of Kirksanton
to his second son William, in whose posterity it remained
until the reign of Edward II.
Godard de Boyvill, second lord of Millom,! Save iMonk-
force to the abbey of St. Mary, in Furness, as aforesaid, with
the churches of Bootle and Whicham; and " all the parishes
between Esk and Milium, to the abbey of St. Mary's, York;"
to which abbey Matilda, his wife, gave also Anderset or Ag
nes Seat. He is called in ancient evidences, Godardus
Dapifer. Arthur Boyvill or de Millom, son of Godard, confirmed
his father's grants to the abbeys of Furness and York. To
the former abbey he granted the services of Kirksanton in
Millom, which Robert de Boyvill, his cousin-german, then
held of him ; and soon after he mortgaged the same to the
abbot of Furness, until his return from the Holy Land.
Henry de Millom, son of the above, confirmed the grants
of his ancestors, and enfeoffed Ranulph Corbettandhis heirs
ofthe manor of Brattaby, in Millom, with the appurtenances.
" He also gave Raisthwaite, in Dunnersdale, to one Orme,
the son of Dolphin; and Leakley to Henry Fitz William in
frank marriage with his daughter, Goynhild Boyvill, with
shields for her cattle, and common of pasture in 'Croch-beege
and the forest,' which Goynhild afterwards (being a widow)
gave to the Abbey of Holm Cultram, and William de Milium
(the son of Henry de Milium, the son of Arthur de Milium)
brother of the said Goynhild, did after confirm the same.
And afterwards John Huddleston, and Joan his wife, sole
daughter of Adam de Milium, son and heir ot the said Henry,
confirmed Leakley, and the liberties aforesaid (so granted by
Goynhild) unto the Abbot and Convent of Holm Cultram
and his successors.
" The said Henry Fitz Arthur gave other lands in Leakley,
now called Seaton, unto the nuns of Leakley, or Seaton, which
of late were granted unto Sir Hugh Askew, Knight.
"The deed of feofment, made by the said Henry Fitz
Arthur to Goynhild his daughter, approves the same,- for
» See pages 2, 3.
t In the 26th Henry II. ihe name of Walter de Milium occurs as the
abbot of St. Mary's, in Furness.

154 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
therein is excepted as follows — ' Excepta terra in Leakley
quam dedi Sanctis monialibus servientibus Deo et Sanctce
Marice in Leekleya.' "
William de Millom, son ofthe above.
Adam de Millom, brother and heir of William.
Joan de Millom, daughter and heiress ofthe above, married
Sir John Hudleston, Knight, and thus transferred the seigniory
into that family, with whom it continued for a period of about
500 years.
Mr. John Denton says, " all the residue of the
fees of Milium were thus granted by the Boyvills,
Lords of Milium, to their kinsmen or friends, or
with their daughters or sisters in marriage ; and
accordingly by the Hudlestons and their heirs,
some as manors, and some as lesser freeholds, as
namely, Ulf hay, Thwaites, Dale-garth, and Way-
bergthwaite, and some in mortmain, as Leakley
and Kirksanton, all which places gave sirname to
the posterity of the feoffees, as Thwaite, of
Thwaites, Wayberghthwaite, of Wayberghthwaite
and the rest whereof, some do yet remain, and
some names are worn out ; but ancient records
report and remember them."
In Mr. Sandford's MS. we have the following
account : — " Eastward from Seaton you goe into
Millome lordship, 20 miles to the head of the
foresaid Dudden great river : all the lands and
freeholds of the Lord of Millome castle, great-
great-grandchild of the said Sir John Hudleston,
of grand estate ; but he gave much away with
daughters ; and married Dalavaise of Sowtham
besides Teuxberry, ,£500 per annum, in Glouces
tershire. And yet it is a lord-like living, £3000
per annum, and £500 per annum, at Hasley,
some 10 miles beyond Oxford. And Ffardinando

PARISH OF MILLOM. 155
now lord thereof, and all the estate of Millome
castle at it, and sonne of Sr William Huddleston,
and a daughter of Montcastre, and colonel of a
regiment of horse and foote ; and seven brothers,
captains under him, in the royal armies. And
his grandfather, a great swash buckler in Queen
Elizabeth's time, and great gamester ; lived at a
rate beyond his income. A great countes, his
friend, asking him how he lived so gallantly :
quoth he, 'of my meat, and my drink!' quoth
she, ' I even looked for such an answer.' "
The lordship of Millom still retains its own
coroner ; that office is now (1841) held by Chris
topher Hobson, Esq., of Cross House, Bootle.
Hudleston, Lords of Millom.*
Arms: — Gules, a fret argent.
Crest: — Two arms, dexter and sinister, embowed, vested,.
argent, holding in their hands a scalp proper, the inside
gules. Motto : — Soli Deo honor et gloria.
The pedigree of this very ancient familyf is traced back
to five generations before the Conquest. The first, however,
of the name who was lord of Millom, was
Sir John Hudleston, knight, who was the son of Adam,
* This pedigree differs in several particulars from that given by
Nicolson and Burn. The corrections and additions in the former part
were very kindly supplied to me by the Rev. John Lingard, D.D.; the
others are from Burke's Commoners, &c.
t The Hudlestons of Hutton-John were descended from a younger
branch of the family at Millom ; as were the Hudlestons of Sawston, co.
Cambridge, who settled there (te .np. Henry VIII.) in consequence of a
marriage with one of the coheiresses of the Marquis Montague. A
pedigree of the Hutton-John branch may be found in vol. i. Leath
Ward.

156 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
son of John, son of Richard, son of Reginald, son of Nigel,
son of Richard, son of another Richard, son of John, son of
Adam, son of Adam de Hodleston, in co. York. The five
last named (according to the York MS.) were before the
Conquest. Sir John de Hoddleston, knight, in the year 1270, was
witness to a deed in the abbey of St. Mary, in Furness.
By his marriage with the Lady Joan, Sir John be
came lord of Anneys in Millom. In the 20th of Edward I.
(1292) he proved before Hugh Cressingham, justice
itinerant, that he possessed^'wra regalia within the lordship
of Millom. In the 25th (1297) he was appointed by the
king warden or governor of Galloway in Scotland. In the
27th (1299) he was summoned as a baron ofthe realm to do
military service. In the next year (1300) he was present
at the siege of Carlaverock. He is thus mentioned in the
roll:

Johan de Odelston ensement
Ke bien et adessement
Va d'armes tontes les saisons
Au Counte estoit. Si est raisons
Ke nomes soit entre sa gent,
Rouge portoit frette d'argent.

John of Hodelston also
Who well aud promptly
Goes in arms at all times, [is right
Was with the Earl.* Therefore it
That he be named with his follow-
H e bore gules fretty of silver, [ers.

In the 29th (1301), though we have no proof that he was
summoned, he attended the parliament at Lincoln, and sub
scribed as a baron the celebrated letter to the pope, by the
title of lord of Anneys. He was still alive in the 4th of
Edward IV. (1311).
Sir John had three sons. John who died early, and
Bichard and Adam.
Richard Hudleston, son and heir, succeeded his father.
Both he and his brother Adam are noticed in the later writs
of Edward I. They were both of the faction of the Earl of
Lancaster, and obtained, in the 7th of Edward II. (1313) a
pardon for their participation with him in the death of the
king's favourite Gavasten. Adam was taken prisoner with
the Earl in the battle of Boroughbridge, in 1322, when he
bore for arms— gules fretted with silver, with a label of
azure. Richard was not at that battle, and in the 19th of
the king (1326) when Edward II. summoned the knights of
* The Earl of Lincoln, afterwards of Lancaster.

PARISH OF MILLOM. 157
every county to the parliament at Westminster, was returned
the first among the knights of Cumberland. — He married
Alice, daughter of Richard Troughton, in the 13th Ed. II.
and had issue,
John Hudleston, son of the above-named Richard, succeed
ed his father in 1337, and married a daughter of Henry
Fenwick, lord of Fenwick, co. Northumberland.
Richard Hudleston, son of John.
Sir Richard Hudleston, Knight, served as a banneret at
the battle of Agincourt, in 1415. He married Anne, sister
of Sir William Harrington, K.G. and served in the wars in
France, in the retinue of that knight.
Sir John Hudleston, Knight, son of Sir Richard, was ap
pointed to treat with the Scottish commissioners on border
matters, in the 4th of Edward IV. (1464.); was knight of the
shire in the 7th (1467); appointed one ofthe conservators
of the peace on the borders in the 20th (1480) ; and again
in the 2nd of Richard (1484); and died on the 6th of Nov.
in the 9th of Henry VII. (1494.)
He married Joan, one of the coheirs of Sir Miles Stapleton
of Ingham in Yorkshire. He was made bailiff and keeper
of the king's woods and chaces in Barnoldwick in the county
of York, sheriff of the county of Cumberland by the duke of
Gloucester for his life, steward of Penrith, and warden of the
west marches. He had three sons,
1. Sir Richard, K.B. ob. v.p. 1st Richard III. He
married Margaret, natural daughter of Richard Nevill,
Earl of Warwick, and had one son and two daughters,
viz. Richard, married Elizabeth, daughter of Lady Mabel
Dacre, and died without issue, when the estates
being entailed passed to the heir male, the des
cendant of his uncle John.
Johan, married to Hugh Fleming, of Rydal, Esq.
Margaret, married to Lancelot Salkeld, of Whitehall,
Esq.
2. Sir John.
3. Sir William.
Sir John Hudleston, second son of Sir John and Joan
his wife, married Joan, daughter of Lord Fitz-Hugh, and
dying in the 5th Henry VIII., was succeeded by his son,
X

158 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Sir John Hudleston, K.B., espoused, firstly, the lady Jane
Clifford, youngest daughter of Henry, Earl of Cumberland,
by whom he had no issue. He married secondly, Joan,
sister of Sir John Seymour, knight, and aunt of Jane Sey
mour, queen-consort of Henry VIII., and by her he had
issue, Anthony, his heir.
Andrew, who married Mary, sister and co-heiress of
Thomas Hutton, of Hutton-John, Esq. from whom
descended the branch at that mansion.*
A daughter, who married Sir Hugh Askew, knight,
yeoman of the cellar to Henry VIII.,f and Ann,
married to Ralph Latus, of the Beck, Esq.
Sir John died 38th Henry VIII.
Anthony Hudleston, Esq., son and heir, married Mary,
daughter of Sir William Barrington, knight, and was suc
ceeded by his son,
William Hudleston, Esq., knight of the shire in the 43rd
of Elizabeth, married Mary, daughter of .... Bridges, of
.... co. Gloucester.
Ferdinando Hudleston, Esq., J son and heir, was also
* See pedigree of the Hudlestons of Hutton. John, in vol. i. p. 372
&c, Leath Ward.
t See an account of Sir Hugh Askew, under the parish of Bootle.
J In West's Antiquities of Furness we have the following account of
a skirmish which took place near Lindale-cot, Ulverston, in which one
of this family was engaged : — "On Sunday the first of October, 1643, a
slight skirmish took place between a number of troops for the king
under the command of Colonel Hudleston, of Milium Castle, and others
for the Parliament, commanded by Colonel Rigby. Colonel Hudleston's
company giving way at the commencement of the battle, Rigby's pur
sued them, killed three or four men, (perhaps unintentionally) and took
Colonel Hudleston, and 300 of his men prisoners."
The same work contains some extracts from a MS. written by Thomas
Park, of Millwood, high constable of Furness during the Great Rebellion.
Mr. Park says : " September 28, 1643. Colonel Rigby continuing his
siege at Thurland castle (which continued six weeks before agreement
was made) was let know that Mr. Kirkby,* Mr. Rigby, and colonel
* Richard Kirkby, of Kirkby Ireleth.

PARISH OF MILLOM. 159
knight ofthe shire, in the 21st James I. (see p. 155.) He
married Jane, daughter of Sir Ralph Grey, of Chillingham,
knight, and had issue nine sons, William, John, Ferdinando,
Richard, Ralph, Ingleby, Edward, Robert, and Joseph ; all
of whom were officers in the service of Charles I. John
was colonel of dragoons. Ferdinando, a major of foot.
Richard, lieutenant-colonel of foot, was slain in the minster
yard at York. Ralph, a captain of foot. Ingleby, a captain
of foot. Edward, a major of foot. Robert, a captain of foot.
And Joseph, a captain of horse.
Hudleston,* were in commotion in Furness, and that they had gotten
together 1500 horse and foot, many of them out of Cumberland, young
Mr. Penningtonf being there with a company, and the rest of Furness :
they were about 200 firemen, and the rest clubmen ; { and they kept
their rendezvous at Dalton.
" Whereupon Colonel Rigby, at the earnest desire of divers of Furness
who fled thither, marched with seven or eight companies of foot, and
three troops of horse, all firemen, except about 20, who had pikes; they
were all complete, and very stout fellows. I being prisoner at Hornby
castle at that time, and three weeks before, was appointed to go with the
colonel ; and the last of September they came to Ulverston, and rested
there that night ; and early the 1st of October, 1643, being Sunday, they
set forward and had prayers on Swartmoor; which being ended, they
marched forward till they came to Lyndal ; and there the foot halted ;
but the horse went on to Lyndal cotte, and drew up in a valley facing,
and shouting at Mr. Hudleston's horse, who were drawn up on the top
of Lindal Close, who did shout also in return ; which lasted about an
hour, while the foot were receiving powder, shot, and match; which
being ended, the foot marched up to the horse : then the king's horse
fled ; whereupon they raised a great shout, and did pursue them very
hotly, and took Colonel Hudleston prisoner, Mr. Stanley and Mr. Latus ,
Mr. Earton with 300 common soldiers, or thereabouts : they took most
part of their arms, six colours, two drums, and all the money and ap
parel the common soldiers had on, with a coup laden with magazeen,
drawn by six oxen. The common soldiers plundered Dalton and the
parish, and returned that night to Cartmel. There were three or four
of the king's men killed, and some hurt, but none of  "
* Sir William Hudleston, of Millom castle.
f William P ennington, Esq.
t See Clarendon's Hist, of Reb. v. 4, p. 665.
x 2

160 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
He was succeeded by his eldest son,
Sir William Hudleston, a zealous and devoted royalist,
who raised a regiment of horse for the service of his sovereign,
as also a regiment of foot ; the latter he maintained at his
own expence during the whole of the war. For this good
service and his great personal bravery at the battle of Edge-
hill, where he retook the royal standard, he was made a
Knight-banneret by Charles I. on the field. He married,
Bridget, daughter of Joseph Pennington, of Muncaster, Esq.
He had issue (besides his successor,) a daughter Isabel, who
married Richard Kirkby of Kirkby, in Furness, Esq., and
was succeeded by his son,
FerdinandHudleston.Esq. who married Dorothy, daughter
of Peter Hunley, of London, merchant, and left a sole
daughter and heiress, Mary, who married Charles West,
Lord Delawar, and died without issue. At his decease the
representation ofthe family reverted to
Richard Hudleston, Esq. son of Colonel John Hudleston
(second son of Ferdinando Hudleston and Jane Grey his wife).
This gentleman married Isabel, daughter of Thomas Hudles
ton, of Bainton, co. York, and was succeeded by his son,
Ferdinando Hudleston, Esq., who married Elizabeth,
daughter of Lyon Falconer, Esq. of Rutlandshire, by whom
he had issue,
William Hudleston, Esq. This gentleman married Ger
trude, daughter of Sir William Meredith, Bart., by whom he
had issue two daughters Elizabeth and Isabella. Elizabeth,
the elder, married Sir Hedworth Williamson, Bart., who in
1774, sold the estate for little more than 20,000/. to Sir James
Lowther, Bart., by whom it was devised to his successor, the
Earl of Lonsdale.
The Castle.

Millom Castle, of which there are considerable
remains, is pleasantly situated in the township of
Millom Below, near the mouth of the Duddon,
on a slight eminence fronting the south, and

PARISH OF MILLOM. 161
sheltered from the north winds by Black Comb
and a range of hills.
This castle was fortified and embattled, in 1335,
by Sir John Hudleston, in pursuance of the king's
licence. It was anciently surrounded by a park,
adorned with noble oaks, and well-stocked with
deer ; and was for many centuries the seat of the
lords of the great seigniory of Millom.
The lords of Millom appear to have been
happily placed at a sufficient distance from the
troubled scenes of the border warfare, and to have
enjoyed the blessings of peace, — otium cum digni-
tate, — when their countrymen in the northern
and centre parts of the county were involved in
skirmishes and forays. It would appear, however,
from an incidental notice in Darnell's " Life and
Correspondence of Isaac Basire, D.D.," that this
quiet was disturbed during the Great Rebellion,
although no particulars respecting the occurrence
have been recorded. In that work it is stated
(p. 34), that the Rev. Nathanael Ward, " vicar of
Staindrop, remained on his living till 1644. He
then entered into King Charles's army, and was
slain at Milium Castle, in Cumberland .... His
nuncupative will, made as it should seem, after
he had received his mortal wound, is in the
Registrar's Office at Durham. It consists of a
very few lines, and is attested by five cavahers,
Robert Grey, John Hudleston, John Tempest,
Thomas Hulton, Jo. Heath."
The opinion that this castle was attacked
during the Great Rebellion, is corroborated by
the fact that the old vicarage-house, which was
near the castle, was pulled down at that period,
"lest the rebels should take refuge therein."

162 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Mr. Thomas Denton, writing in 1688, says the
castle was then much out of repair ; that the
gallows where the lords of Millom exercised their
power of punishing criminals with death, stood
on a hill near the castle ; and that felons had
suffered there so recently as to be within the
memory of persons then living. He describes
the park as having within twenty years abounded
with oak, which, to the value of 4000Z. had been
cut down and used for the iron forges, see p. 146.
" Milium castle," says Mr. John Denton, " the
ancient seat and capital mansion of this mannor,
is plac'd at the foote of the river Dudden, and
through length of time threatneth ruine. How-
beit the lords thereof make it yet their dwelling
place and aboade, holding themselves content,
that the old manner of strong building there,
(with the goodly demeisnes and commodityes
which both land and sea afford them, and the
stately parke full of huge oakes and timber,
woods and fallow deere,) doe better witness their
ancient and p'sent greatness and worth, fhan the
painted vanityes of our time do grace our new
upstartes." Buck's view of the castle — published in 1 739,
and dedicated to the last lord of Millom, of the
Hudleston family — represents the building as
much in the same state as it appears at present.
Its shattered walls were decorated with shrubs
that had found crevices in which to take root ;
but in front was a row of palisades, with a long
parallel line of yew-trees, formally trimmed and
cut in the style which once prevailed, shewing how
much inferior in appearance were such artificial
trees to the graceful and flowing outline of those

PARISH OF MILLOM. 163
left to the care of nature. Those trees are still
remaining, but they have attained to a much
larger size.
So lately as 1774, when Nicolson and Burn
wrote, the park was " well stored with deer." It
was disparked by the present Earl of Lonsdale
about the year 1802, when 207 deer were killed ;
and the venison was sold, in Ulverston market
and elsewhere, at from 2d. to 4d. per pound.
This castle — no longer the residence of the
lords of Millom — is now occupied as a farm
house : — Sic transit gloria mundi. The principal
part now remaining is a large square tower, for
merly embattled, but at present a plain parapet
wall surrounds the leads on the top, commanding
a delightful view of the mouth of the Duddon.
In a wall ofthe garden are the arms of Hudleston,
as also in the wall of an outhouse, painted in
proper colours, with the motto — Soli Deo honor
et gloria. The latter is well executed : it was
found in a heap of rubbish, and was placed in its
present situation by the care of Mr. Isaac Hodgson,
a respectable farmer, who lives in the castle. The
moat is visible on the south and west sides. The
principal entrance appears to have been in the
east front, by a lofty flight of steps : the walls in
this part are festooned with ivy, and their rent
sides are partially concealed by trees, closely
tenanted by rooks. Two other rookeries are
seen at a short distance. Some old oak chairs —
formerly part of the appropriate furniture of the
castle while the residence of the lords of Millom
— are now in the possession of Bernard Gilpin;
Esq., of Ulverston, a lineal descendant from " the
apostle of the north," whose name he bears.

164 allerdale ward, above derwent.
The Church.
The church of Millom was rectorial until the
year 1228, when it was given to the abbey of St.
Mary in Furness. One moiety was appropriated
by Walter de Grey, Archbishop of York, to that
monastery, the abbot and convent to have the
right of presentation ; the other moiety (which
the Archbishop reserved for his own disposal,) he
assigned, in 1230, for the maintenance of three
chaplains, with clerks and other charges, for the
support of his chantry ordained at the altar of
St. Nicholas, in the cathedral church of York.
In the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. this
vicarage is entered as follows : —
Millome Vicar' Eccl'ie.
Rector* appropriat' monaster' de Furnesse.
Edmund' Staneforth incumbens.
Vicar' p'dca. valet in
£ s. d.
Mansione cum orto & po- }  . ...^\
maria p. am. <j VJ V11J
Decim' garbas. & feni iiijli } \ £ s. d.
xjs. xiijd. Ian' et agnell'/ £ s. d. ^viij xv —
xiijs. iiij^. porcell' etSviij viij iiij i
gall' vs. finibz. quadra- 1
gesimalibz. Ixiijs. injd. j J
Repris' viz in £ s. d.
Sinod' iijs. procurac' vjs. viijt?. — ix viij
£ s. d.
Et valet clare viij v iiij
Xma ps. inde — xvj vj ob'
In a survey (now remaining in the First-Fruits
Office) of the abbey of Furness, taken in pursu
ance of an act of parliament, 26th Henry VIII.
there is this entry : —

PARISH OF MILLOM. 165
Tithes of the Rectory of Myllom.
Tithes of Grain, 12/. of Lambs, 41. 13s. 4d.
In Wool, 41. In lent fines, 81. In all,
28/. 13s. 4d*
In "a survey of the lordship or manor of
Furness," taken by a special commission, in the
year 1649, this entry occurs : — " The rectory of
Milium (from the farmer whereof there is due
the yearly rent of 36/. 13s. 4d.) is in Cumberland,
and (as we are informed) in lease to Mr. Ayloff,
sometime secretary to the Lord Nuburgh, chan
cellor of the Dutchy."f
The living was valued in the King's Books at
8/. 5s. 8d. and was certified to the governors of
Queen Ann's bounty of the annual value of
26/. Is. 8d.
The following particulars respecting the glebe,
&c. belonging to the vicarage of Millom, are ex
tracted from the terrier : — " There is no house
or outhouse or any other edifice belonging to the
vicarage ; for in the time of Oliver Cromwell's
rebellion, the vicarage-house was pulled down,
as it stood near unto the castle, by the then Lord
of Millom, or order, as it is reported lest the rebels
should take refuge therein. The whole of the
glebe consists only of the church-yard, and a field
adjoining, commonly known by the name of Vi
carage Field, containing together 3\ acres or
thereabouts. This field (on which the vicarage-
house formerly stood) is one half arable, the other
meadow, chiefly earthen fenced, &c.
" According to the best information and records
that can be met with at present, somewhere about
* West's Furness. f Hud-

166 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the year 1721, the sum of 256/. was given to the
vicarage, by the Rev. John Postlethwaite, master
of St. Paul's School, London, and about the same
time the governors of Queen Ann's bounty were
pleased to add thereunto the sum of 200/. ; where
with an estate was purchased called Fawcett
Bank, near Sedbergh, in Yorkshire, the yearly
rent of which is paid to the vicar." This farm
at Fawcett Bank is at present (1841) let for 40
guineas per annum.
The patronage of this church is vested in the
duchy of Lancaster. The impropriated tithes
which belonged to the Earl of Lonsdale, have
(with very few exceptions) been redeemed by the
different landed proprietors, since the passing of
the act for the commutation of tithes.
The present vicarage-house and the glebe at
tached to it were purchased about the year 1781, for
the sum of 240/. : 200/. of this money was obtained
from Queen Ann's bounty, and the remainder
was paid by the incumbent, the Rev. John Smith.
List of Vicars.
 Edmund Staneforth, occurs, 1535.
1661 Roger Askew.
1670 William Wells, ob. 1698.
1699 Joseph Taylor.
1713 Thomas Benn.
1743 Matthew Postlethwaite.
1778 Edward Nicholson.
1781 John Smith, ob. 1796.
1797 John Bolton, ob. 1820.
1821 John Smith, ob. 1822.
1822 Henry Dixon, B.D., ob. 1836.
1836 Henry Pickthall, B.A.

PARISH OF MILLOM. 167
The church of Millom, dedicated to the Holy
Trinity, is situated in the township of Millom
Below, closely adjoining the castle. Indeed, so
close is their proximity, that from some points of
view they appear as one building ; very nearly
resembling, in this respect, not in grandeur, the
castle and church of Lancaster. The church
consists of a nave and chancel, a south aisle, and
a modern porch on the same side. Two bells are
hung in a turret at the western end. In the
church-yard are the remains of a cross, the shaft
of which bears four shields ; those on the east
and west sides are charged with the arms of
Hudleston, on the north and south with ....
impaling Hudleston.
This church is a venerable edifice ; but it is to
be lamented that some of its wardens have been
so deeply imbued with the love of improvements,
that they have left few of the old windows
— their places being supplied by very unecclesi-
astical substitutes.
The roof of the nave was open to the timber
work, but it is now concealed by a modern ceil
ing. The north door has been walled up ; it is
circular-headed, and has a niche over the arch.
The pulpit and reading-desk are placed against
the north wall ; both are of oak, but painted ofa
mahogany colour ! The base appears to be of
stone, and it was the opinion of that accomplished
antiquary, Dr. Whitaker, that it is a portion of
an ancient stone pulpit. A gallery at the west
end contains an organ. Below this is an octagonal
stone font, ornamented with quatrefoils and a
shield charged with the arms of Hudleston and a
label.
y 2

168 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The south aisle, or at least a portion of it,
appears to have been a chapel belonging to the
Hudlestons, lords of Millom. It opens from the
nave by four pointed arches, springing from massy
circular and octangular piers. The roof of this
part of the church, until of late years, was open
to the timber work, under which a ceiling is now
placed. At the western end is an oval shaped
window, now walled up. A large decorated
window of five lights nearly fills the east end ;
this has been most barbarously walled up from
the bottom to the spring of the arch, and two
sash windows inserted. Near this window is a
piscina, which sanctions the opinion that the
whole or part of the south aisle has been a cha
pel. This aisle was the burial-place of the Hudle
stons, who for a period of about five centuries
were lords of the seigniory. Here is an altar-
tomb, ornamented with Gothic tracery and
figures bearing shields of arms, on which recline
the effigies of a knight and his lady, in alabaster,
very much mutilated : the knight is in plate
armour, his head resting on a helmet, and having
a collar of S.S. ; the lady is dressed in a long
gown and mantle, with a veil. They appear to
have originally been painted and gilt, but the
greater part has been rubbed off. Near the altar-
tomb are the very mutilated remains of an effigy
of a knight, carved in wood, " apparently of the
fourteenth century." A few years ago there was
" a lion at his feet."
The chancel is not ceiled ; it has a pointed east
window of three lights, a small circular one, a
narrow window with a rounded head, and another

PARISH OF MILLOM. 169
of two lights, with trefoiled heads, under a square
dripstone. Near the above monument is a mural marble
tablet bearing this inscription : —
Heic juxta jacet depositum Mortale
JOSEPHI HUDDLESTON Armigeri
Filij Wilhelmi Huddleston Equitis,
Qui,
Vna cum tota Familia causa Caroli primi,
Regium Optimi,
Vitam atq. Fortunas ssepius exposuit.
Matrem habuit D. Bridgetiam Pennington
Josephi Pennington de Muncaster Armigeri
Filiam Unicam.
Uxorem duxit D. Bridgettam Huddleston
Andrew Huddleston de Hutton-John Armiger
Filiam,
Ex hac Unicum melioris spei Filium suscepit,
Quem, proh Dolor !
Circiter decimum ^Btatis Animum amisit
1682.
Dominia cujus et lura
Sine Sobole MorieDs
Uxori Charissima? donee ilia in vivis foret.
Conjugum Amantissimus donavit
Obijt
Decimo Die Septembris
Ano yEtatis sexagesimo tertio, et Christianorum
1700.
In charissimam cujus Memoriam
Hoc Amoris et Officii Monumentum erexit
Domina Pientisshna.
Catera loquantur Legata sua Nobiliora,
Et
Munificentia centum Librarum
Ad Liberam Scholam Grarnmaticalem fundan.
Et bonas Literas promovendum
Conspicita.
En pauois !

170 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Vir erat Nobili, et Antiqua Familia
Verus Ecclesia? Anglicanse Filius,
Modestia et Integritate singulari,
Alieni Abstinens, nee sui profusus.
Abi,
Lector curiose, et fac similiter,
Et,
Cum non minus sis Mortalis
Omnem crede Diem Tibi diluxisse Supremum.
Non procul hinc jacent Reliquia? Bridgettje Huddleston,
Josephi Huddleston Armigeri supradicti Viduae,
Quae superstes marito quatuordecim Annis,
Sex mensibus septemq. diebus :
Cum esurientes cibo saturasset, Nudos amicuisset, AfHictos Invisisset,
Amicis Munificam, Inimicis benignam se prrestitissit,
Obijt Decimo septimo Die martij Ann. AStat. 72.
Ann. Dom. 1714.
A marble tablet on the wall of the south aisle
bears this inscription — Sacred
to the Memory of
The Rev. JOHN SMITH, Vicar of Millom,
who departed this life, 30th of Nov. 1796,
aged 46 years.
BETTY, his -wife, died 5th June, 1823,
aged 73 years.
WILLIAM GILLIAT, their son, died at sea,
aged 24 years.
JANE, their daughter, died 17th April, 1818,
aged 32 years.
A stone slab fixed to one of the piers of the
south aisle bears the arms of Hudleston with a
crescent, and is thus inscribed—
DominusBarr; HUDLE
STON obijt Decimo
tertio Die Sep. Anno
Dom. MDCCXX, .ffitat.
78.

PARISH OF MILLOM. 171
Verus fuit Ecclesiee Anglicanee
Filius Principi suo subditus
fidissimus Et pertotum Vitee
Cursum adeo Pietate, Justitia, &
Amore, Patriee Claruit Ut
Omnibus merito lugendus
decesserit.
At the east end of the south aisle is a marble
tablet with this inscription —
Sacred to the Memory of
JOHN MYERS, Esquire, of Pow House
in this parish, Barrister-at-law,
whose remains were interred near this place
on 9th day of January, 1821.
And of RACHEL PHILLIPS his wife,
daughter of Cyprian Bridge, Esquire,
of Dover Court, in the county of Essex,
who also was interred here
on 8th day of February, 1816.
A brass plate on the wall of the south aisle
bears the following inscription —
Here lyeth the body of JOHN
LATVS of Beck, Esq. Justice of Peace
of the covntie of Cvmberland and
Lancashire, in the reigne of their
Majesties King William and Queen
Ann, who married Catherine Dav-
ghter of William Orfeur of Plum-
bland, Esq. by whom he had issve
Ferdinando, Julia, Bridget, and Ag
nes ; and after married Agnes
daughter of Andrew Huddlest
on of Hutton-John, Esq. who depa
rted this life, ye 16th October, 1702.
On one of the piers of the south aisle is a brass
plate with the following inscription, and the arms
of Askew impaling Musgrave : —

172 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Under this lies the body of
DOROTHY late wife of WILLIAM
ASKEW of Standing Stones,
gentleman,
daughter and coheiress of
William Musgrave of Crookdake
in this county, Esq.
She dyed ye 22 day of April,
1705,
and in the 66 year of her age.
She left one daughter who married John Archer
of Oxenholme, in Westmorland, Esq.
On the east wall of the chancel is a stone
tablet inscribed —
Near this place lieth interred
the Body of Mr. Wm. WELLS,
late vicar of Millom. He
died Jan. ye 4th' Anno Dom.
1698. Etat's suas 50.
On the north side of the chancel is a mural
tablet with this inscription —
Erected
by his widow
to the memory of the
Rev. JOHN BOLTON,
Vicar of this parish,
who died on the 5th of November, 1820,
in the 62nd year of his age.
And
of their child, MARY BOLTON,
who died on the 7th of September, 1822,
at the age of 8 years.
Latus of the Beck.
Arms.- —
This family, of which the coheiresses married Hudleston
and Blencowe, is supposed to have come from Gloucester-

PARISH OF MILLOM. 173
shire into the north, early in the reign of Henry VIII. They
were for some period seated at Whicham-hall, which place
was sold by William Blencowe, Esq. about the year 1740.
In the year 1582, Richard and Henry Latus purchased the
rectory of Kirkby-Ireletb, in Furness, Lancashire, of Sir
William Layland, of the Morleys, in the said county.
Eichard Latus of the Beck, Esq. was succeeded by
Ralph Latus, Esq. who married Ann, youngest daughter
of Sir John Hudleston, of Millom castle, Knight, (see page
158,) by his second wife, Joan, sister of Sir John Seymour,
Knight, and aunt of Jane Seymour, queen-consort of Henry
VIII. In consideration of which marriage he obtained from
his father-in-law, a freehold tenement called Overbeck, and
another called Netherbeck, and Harrats, all in the lordship
of Millom. By Ann his wife he had issue,
Ralph Latus, Esq. son and heir.
Anthony Latus, Esq. married Margaret, daughter of Willi
am Hudleston, Esq., probably grandson of the above Sir John
Hudleston, and had issue,
William Latus, Esq. son and heir,* married to Agnes,
daughter of John Ambrose, Esq. of Lowick hall, co. Lancas
ter, and was succeeded by
John Latus, Esq. son and heir, who was twice married.
Firstly, to Catherine, daughter of William Orfeur,of Plumb-
land hall, Esq. ; and, secondly, to Agnes, daughter of Andrew
Hudleston, of Hutton-John, Esq. By his first wife he had
issue, Ferdinando, his successor, Julia, Bridget, and Agnes,
Mr. Latus was a justice ofthe peace forthe counties of Cum
berland and Lancashire. He died, 16th October, 1702, and
was buried in the church of Millom, where is a brass plate
to his memory. The manor of Lowick was conveyed to him,
in 1681, by his uncle John Ambrose, Esq. of Lowick-hall.
Ferdinando Latus, Esq. son and heir, counsellor-at-law,
married Henrietta,! daughter of Sir John Tempest, of Tong,
co. York, Baronet, (so created by Charles II.) by his wife,
* One of the family about this time appears to have been in arms for
Charles I. see page 159, note.
f There is an engraved portrait of this lady, in 4to. mezzotinto, in
Pepys's Col. class v. — Noble's Contin. to Granger, i. p. 357.
Z

174 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Henrietta Catherine, daughter of Sir Henry Cholmondely, of
Newton Grange, in the said county, Knight, by whom he
had issue, FSdinandoJdiedinfants- Henrietta, married .... Hudlestpn, of Millom castle,
Esq.
Elizabeth, married, firstly, Thomas Fletcher, of Hutton-
hall, Esq., who died without issue ; and secondly, W.
Blencowe, Esq., (second son of Henry Blencowe,* of
Blencow-hall, Esq.) who was in the commission of the
peace, and died at Lowick-hall, co. Lancaster, 10th
June, 1769, aged 55. By her second husband she
had issue,
George Blencowe, in holy orders, ob. s.p.
Henry Blencowe, ob. s.p.
John Blencowe, ob. s.p. 26th Nov. 1 777.
William Ferdinando Blencowe, M.D. who succeed
ed to the estate.
Elizabeth Blencowe, married to Joseph Blain, M.D.
of Carlisle.
Thwaites.
Thwaites is a manor, township, and parochial
chapelry, within this parish. It extends along
the Duddon, south of Ulpha, from Duddon Grove
to Millom Green. It contains the hamlets of
Hall-Thwaites (near which the chapel is situated),
Duddon Bridge, and Lady Hall.
The manor of Thwaites was held under the
lords of Millom by a family of that name, as
early as the reign of Edward I., and here was
their ancient manor-house, until they removed to
Unerigg-hall. Their arms, according to Sir Daniel
Fleming, of Rydal, Bart, "who was very curious in
those matters," were — Argent, a cross sable, fretty
* See a pedigree of the family of Blencowe of Blencow, in vol. i.
Leath Ward.

parish of millom. 175
or ; but, according to Mr. T. Denton, they were —
Vert, a cross argent, fretty gules. The Messrs.
Lysons agree with the former; but Nicolson and
Burn blazon their arms — Or, a cross argent, fretty
gules. In the 35th Henry III. Eleanor, wife of John
Boyvil and Michael de Cornee, passed this manor
by fine levied ; and in the 16th Edward I., John
Hudleston impleaded William, son of John
Thwaites, for 200 acres of pasture there. The
manor was conveyed by the Hudlestons in the
seventeenth century to Sir John Lowther, Bart.
and is now the property of the Earl of Lonsdale.
Duddon Grove, the mansion-house of Miss
Millers, is delightfully situated on the banks of
the river from which it takes its name, about two
miles from Broughton, and six from the castle
and church of Millom. It is seated among
luxuriant trees, and is surrounded by rocky and
picturesque scenery. A little higher up the river
is Haws-bridge, or Wha-house-bridge, spanning
the river with two arches, which spring from
perpendicular rocks.
At Duddon Bridge, in this chapelry, is a large
iron furnace.
The Chapel of Thwaites, dedicated to St. Anne,
is situated near Hall-Thwaites, about three miles
from the parish church. It was rebuilt in 1807.
The former edifice, was erected about the year
1721, at the expence of the inhabitants, by whom
it was endowed with 200/. It has also received
800/. from Queen Ann's bounty, a private dona
tion of 100/. and a parliamentary grant of 1000/. :
the latter was received in 1 825. In the year 1715,
this chapel was certified to the governors of
z 2

176 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Queen Ann's bounty as having no endowment.
The patronage is vested in the proprietors of the
estates of Beck-Bank, Broadgate, Oaks, and
Graystone House, and the Earl of Lonsdale,
who, as lord of the manor and lay-rector, has a
casting vote. It was returned to the commis
sioners for enquiring respecting Ecclesiastical
Revenues, as of the average value of 99/. with a
glebe-house fit for residence. The register is
very imperfect. The present incumbent is the
Rev. John Ormandy, who was appointed in
1822. A library of 48 volumes was founded here, in
1757, by the associates of Dr. Bray : only two or
three volumes are now left.
A sum of money has been secured on two
closes in the Bridge-End estate, purchased by
the governors of Queen Ann's bounty, for the
use of the incumbent : the interest of which is
paid as follows : — one half (16s.) to the school
master, and the other half (16s.) in bread to the
poor of Thwaites ; which latter half appears by
a tablet in the chapel to have been left by Ann
Smithson of Bank-house, in the year 1778.
List of Incumbents.
17. . Daniel Steele.
c. 1755 Daniel Stephenson, ob. 1778.
1778 John Parke, ob. 1815.
1815 Henry Borrowdale, ob. 1822.
1822 John Ormandy.
The druidical temple, at Swineside, is thus de
scribed by Mr. Gough, in his additions to Cam-

parish of millom. 177
den* : — " It is nearly a circle of very large stones,
pretty entire, only a few fallen upon sloping
ground in a swampy meadow. No situation
could be more agreeable to the druids than this ;
mountains almost encircle it, not a tree is to be
seen in the neighbourhood, nor a house, except a
shepherd's cot at the foot of a mountain, sur
rounded by a few barren pastures.
" At the entrance, there are four large stones,
two placed on each side, at the distance of six
feet. The largest on the left side, is five feet six
inches in height, and ten feet in circumference.
Through this you enter into a circular area, 29
yards by 30. This entrance is nearly south-east.
On the north or right hand side, is a huge stone,
of a conical form, in height nearly nine feet.
Opposite the entrance is another large stone,
which has once been erect, but is now fallen
within the area ; its length is eight feet. To
the left hand or south-west is one, in height
seven feet, in circumference eleven feet nine
inches. The altar probably stood in the middle,
as there are some stones still to be seen, sunk
deep in the earth. The circle is nearly complete,
except on the western, some stones are wanting.
The largest stones are about 31 or 32 in number.
The outward part of the circle, upon the sloping
ground, is surrounded with a buttress, or rude
pavement of smaller stones, raised about half a
yard from the surface ofthe earth.
"The situation and aspect of the druidical
temple, near Keswick, is in every respect similar
to this, except the rectangular recess, formed by
* Vol. iii. p. 432.

178 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
ten large stones, which is peculiar to that at
Keswick ; but upon the whole, I think a prefer
ence will be given to this at Swineshead, as the
stones in general appear much larger, and the
circle more entire.
" This monument of antiquity, when viewed
within the circle, strikes you with astonishment,
how the massy stones could be placed in such
regular order, either by human strength or
mechanical power."
The Rev. Jeremiah Gilpin, A.M. of Broughton
in Furness, was so much interested in these vene
rable remains of a remote and, comparatively
speaking, unknown period, that he was at the
expense of having a view of them engraved, which
appeared in the Gentleman's Magazine, for the
year 1785.
John Wennington gave 30/. for the use of the
poor of this chapelry ; and Bernard Benson gave
51. for the like purpose : these sums are secured
upon two tenements in the neighbourhood.
Birker and Austhwaite.
The township of Birker and Austhwaite is
bounded on the north and west, by the Esk,
which divides it from the parish of Muncaster ;
and on the east, by the chapelry of Ulpha. It
contains the small lake called Devoke Water (see
p. 147), and the water-falls of Stanley Gill and
Birker Force. The inhabitants have the privi
lege of marrying, burying, &c. at the neighbour
ing chapel of Eskdale (part of the parish of St.
Bees), by reason of their distance from the parish

PARISH OF MILLOM. 179
church and the chapels in their own parish. " In
the manor of Austhwaite some small veins of
copper have been discovered, but no mines have
been wrought."
Austhwaite was granted, in 1102, to the an
cestor of a family who assumed that name, by
Arthur de Boyvill or de Millom. That family
became extinct in the reign of Edward III.,
about the year 1345j when the heiress (Constance, -
daughter of Thomas Austhwaite) married Nicho
las Stanley, Esq., ancestor of the present lord,
Edward Stanley, Esq. M.P., of Ponsonby-hall.
The arms of Austhwaite were — Gules, two bars
argent, in chief three mullets of six points pierced,
or. Dalegarth-hall, the ancient manor-house of
Austhwaite, was the residence of that family, and
afterwards of the Stanleys, until the seventeenth
century, when John Stanley, Esq. removed into
the parish of Ponsonby, where they have since
resided. Great part of the hall has been pulled
down ; it is now occupied as a farm-house. The
curious carved oak bedstead, now at Ponsonby-
hall, was removed from this house. It was a
very spacious building ; but some parts of it were
pulled down about the middle ofthe last century.
"The remains shew the mode of architecture
used in those distant ages, when that country
abounded in timber trees, each beam is formed
of the entire stem of an oak, and each step in
the stair-case is a solid block of the same wood :
this profusion it not to be wondered at, when we
are informed that a squirrel could travel from
Dalegarth to Hardknott mountain, by the tops
of the trees, the forest was so closely wooded

180 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The old dining room is twenty-four feet long,
and twenty-one feet wide ; on the ceiling are the
initials, E.S.A.,* surrounded with figures of
hounds, stags, &c. in the stucco, with the date,
1599. In almost every window of the house,
were the arms of the different branches of the
family, blazoned in painted glass."
Chapel Sucken.
Chapel Sucken, a long narrow township in the
south part of the parish, comprehends the ham
lets of Kirksanton and Haverigg. It has been sup
posed, (we know not on what authority, excepting
the very doubtful one of its name) that there
was formerly a church or chapel in the former
hamlet, and from which it took its name, (see
page 148).
At Kirksanton is a small tumulus, on the sum
mit of which are two stones standing perpendicu
larly, about eight feet in height, and placed
fifteen feet asunder. Near these, it is stated in
Hutchinson's Cumberland, that "several other
large stones stood lately, placed in a rude
manner." Ulpha.
The chapelry of Ulpha, Ulfhay, or Ouffa,
eleven miles in length and rather more than three
in breadth, comprises about one-third of this ex
tensive parish. It lies to the north of the chapelry
of Thwaites, extending along the Duddon, from
* The initials of Edward Stanley, Esq. and of Ann his wife, daugh
ter of Thomas Briggs, Esq., of Caumire, co. Westmorland.

PARISH OF MILLOM. 181
Duddon-Grove to the north of the mountains
Hardknott and Wrynose, near the three shire
stones, where meet the counties of Cumberland,
Westmorland, and Lancashire.
" Ulf hay was granted to one Ulf, the son of
Evard, whose posterity enjoyed it till the time of
King Henry III. Ulf had issue Ailsward and
Ketell : Ailsward paid to King Henry III. in the
17th year of his reign, 20 marks for a fine as
sessed upon him for an attaint. Ketell had
divers sons, Bennet, William, and Michael ; Ben-
net lived in King John's time, and had a son
named Allan. But now the land is reduced to
demesne again, and Mr. Hudleston, the pre
sent lord of Milium, and divers of his ancestors,
have made there a park, inclosed for deer, which
yet to this day is called Ulf hay park."*
Having reverted to the Hudlestons, lords of
Millom, it was again made parcel of that manor.
Sir Hedworth Williamson and his lady (heiress
of the Hudlestons, see page 160) sold the Ulpha
estate to Mr. Singleton of Drigg. The manor
was subsequently the property of Lord Muncas
ter, having been sold by Miss Singleton to the
first baron. It was afterwards purchased by
.... Burrow, Esq. of Carleton Hall, and is now
the property of George Harrison, Esq., of Line-
thwaite, near Whitehaven.
A very valuable vein of copper has been lately
discovered in this manor. Report for some time
was abroad that the workmen engaged a few years
ago then made the discovery, but from some
selfish motives immediately abandoned the work-

* J. Denton's MS.
2 A

182 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
ing to try some other place, first taking care to
cover up their treasure. In consequence of these
reports, George Harrison, Esq. the present lord
of the manor, lately set workmen to clear away
the superincumbent earth, and after about four
week's labour they succeeded in discovering, from
all appearance, a rich and extensive vein of ore,
the further pursuit of which, we are glad to hear,
he has ordered the workmen to commence.*
The southern part of this chapelry is good
land and well wooded ; but the northern part is
mountainous, and presents a variety of romantic
scenery to those who are not deterred visiting
this secluded district by the badness of the roads.
When Nicolson and Burn wrote, in 1774, the road
from the chapel of Ulpha to the parish church was
" in some places rugged and almost impassable ;"
we may suppose it is now in a better state than
it was at that period, although still very bad.
There was formerly a deer-park in Ulpha;
the deer are mentioned by Mr. Thomas Denton,
as the largest and the fattest in the north of
England. A very splendid view of Ulpha and the valleys
of Seathwaite and Dunnerdale, in Furness, is
obtained from the road over Stoneside from
Muncaster to Duddon Grove. After climbing
the rugged ascents over which the road leads,
those delightful valleys burst on the sight. They
are near the river Duddon; embosomed amid
barren mountains, they form pictures of surpass
ing beauty, on which the eye loves to dwell.
Dunnerdale, verdant and well-cultivated, looks
* Whitehaven Herald.

PARISH OF MILLOM. 183
like a rich garden — an oasisin the desert. Beyond,
the mountains stretch away far into the north, —
Coniston Old Man, Wrynose, Hardknott,Langdale
Pikes, Scafell, and Scafell Pikes. The summits
of the latter were clad with snow, although
the sun scorched us with heat.
The river Duddon which forms the eastern
boundary of this chapelry and of the parish, is
well-known throughout the kingdom by the Son
nets of the venerable poet, Wordsworth, who says
that it may be compared, such and so various are
its beauties, to any river, of equal length of course,
in any country.
" Child ofthe clouds ! remote from every taint
Of sordid industry thy lot is cast ;
Thine are the honors of the lofty waste ;
Not seldom, when with heat the valleys faint,
Thy hand-maid Frost with spangled tissue quaint
Thy cradle decks ; — to chaunt thy birth, thou hast
No meaner Poet than the whistling Blast,
And Desolation is thy Patron-saint !
She guards thee, ruthless Power ! who would not spare
Those mighty forests, once the bison's screen,
Where stalk'd the huge deer to his shaggy lair*
Through paths and alleys roofed with sombre green,
Thousand of years before the silent air
Was pierced by whizzing shaft of hunter keen!"f
Wallow-Barrow Crag is a rock nearly opposite
the Old Man on Coniston Fell. The bed of the
Duddon is here strewn with large fragments of
rocks fallen from aloft. Mr. Wordsworth says,
" the chaotic aspect of the place is well marked
by the expression of a stranger, who strolled
* The deer alluded to is the Leigh, a gigantic species long since
extinct. f Wordsworth.
2 a 2

184 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
while dinner was preparing, and, at his return,
being asked by his host, which way he had been
wandering, replied, ' as far as it is finished.' "
On the summit ofthe first ascent of Hardknott,
a mountain near the northern extremity of the
parish, are the remains of a British or Roman
fort, called Kardknott Castle.* Camden speaks
* On the summit of Gogmagog hills, near Cambridge, " is a triple
entrenchment with two ditches rudely circular. This is supposed by
some writers to have been a British, and by others a Roman, camp; but
it was probably occupied in succession by both parties." Similar re
mains are to be seen in Cornwall : those of Chun Castle " occupy the
whole area of a hill, commanding an extensive tract of country to the
east, some low grounds to the north and south, and the ocean to the
west. It consists of two walls, or rather huge heaps of stones, one with
in the other, having a vallum, or kind of terrace, between them. This
terrace is divided by four walls ; and towards the west-south-west is the
only entrance to the castle, called the Iron Gateway. This turns to the
left, and is flanked with a wall on each side, to secure the ingress and
egress of the inhabitants. The outer wall measures about five feet in
thickness ; but on the left of the entrance it is twelve feet ; whilst the
inner wall may be estimated at about ten feet ; but, from the ruinous
confusion of the stones, it is impossible to ascertain this decidedly. The
area inclosed within the latter measures about 125 feet in diameter, and
contains a choaked-up well, and the ruined foundations of several circu
lar tenements, or habitations. These are connected to the inner wall,
and run parallel all round it, leaving an open space in the centre. The
present state of these ruins demonstrate that this castle was constructed
before any rules of architecture were adopted in military buildings ; for
there appear no specimens of mortar, nor door-posts, nor fire-places with
chimnies ; and had any of these ever been used in this singular and rude
fortress, it is exceedingly improbable but that some traces might be now
discovered amidst its vast ruins. On the north side of the castle appears
a passage, or road, partly excavated out of the soil, and guarded by high
stones on each side. This communicates with the fortified retreat, and
the ruined buildings of a village or town, which occupy the north face of
a hill, and consist of numerous foundations of circular huts. These are
from ten to twenty feet in diameter, with a narrow entrance between two

PARISH OF MILLOM. 185
of it as " Hardknott, a very steep mountain, on
whose summit were lately discovered huge stones
upright stones, without any chimney ; and the walls composed of various
sized stones, rudely piled together without mortar. The knowledge of
lime as a cement, says Mr, Whitaker, was first introduced into this
country by the Romans." — Beauties of England and Wales.
" As security was the primary object studied by the Britons in con
structing a town, we may readily believe that the nations which occupied
the more mountainous districts of the island, chose the site of their places
of retreat on the summit of elevations, difficult of access, and command
ing extensive views. Accordingly, we find in several parts of Wales,
and in Cornwall, in Lancashire, Shropshire, Cambridgeshire, Hereford
shire, and other counties of England, the remains of castrametations on
tall precipitate hill tops, which are confidently believed to have been the
fastnesses, or towns of retreat, constructed by the ancient inhabitants of
the island.
" These fastnesses enclose a considerable area, and are of an irregular
form, the outlines complying with the natural shape of the hill on which
they are constructed. Where the sides are not defended by precipices,
they are guarded by several ditches, and by ramparts, either of earth or
of stones, worked without the use of mortar. They have sometimes only
one, but more frequently have two entrances. One of the most impor
tant of these strong holds may desirably be adduced in this place, as a
specimen of their prevailing character, since it is situated, according to
the remark of Mr. King, 'on a spot that could not but be an object of
the utmost attention to the original inhabitants of those territories, which
afterwards were deemed distinctly England and Wales, from the very
division here formed.' This is now termed the Herefordshire. Beacon,
and is reared on the summit of one of the highest of the Malvern ridge
of hills. The area of the castrametation comprises an irregular oblong,
of 175 feet by 110 feet, and is surrounded by a steep and lofty vallum of
stones and earth, and by a deep ditch on the outside. Attached to the
principal area, are two outworks, of considerable extent, situated lower
on the sides of the hill. Each of these enclose a plain, probably intend
ed for the reception of cattle in times of exigency and retreat ; and both
are artificially connected by a narrow slip of land, secured by a bank and
ditch. The acclivity of the hill, in its approach towards the summit, is
guarded by several rude, but formidable, banks and ditches." — Brewer's
Introduction to Beauties of England and Wales.

186 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
and foundations of a castle, to the astonishment
of the beholders, it being so steep as hardly to
be ascended." Bishop Gibson says, "these stones
are possibly the ruins of some church, or chapel,
which was built upon the mountain. For Wor-
mius, in his Danish monuments, gives instances
of the like in Denmark ; and it was thought an
extraordinary piece of devotion, upon the planting
of Christianity in these parts, to erect crosses,
and build chapels in the most eminent places, as
being both nearer heaven and more conspicuous :
they were commonly dedicated to St. Michael."
Mr. Gough, also, in his additions to Camden,
supposes the ruins may be those of "a chapel, or
cross," erected on this mountain, as was the case
on Cross-fell.
In 1792, E. L. Irton, Esq. of Irton-hall, and
Mr. H. Serjeant, of Whitehaven, made a careful
survey of this fort ; the latter gentleman took a
ground-plan of these remains, and communi
cated the following account for Hutchinson's
Cumberland.* He describes it as " being situat
ed on the west side of Hardknot-hill, about 120
yards on the left of the road leading towards
Kendal ; and has evidently been intended as a
fortress, for the defence of that pass over the
mountain. It is, as will appear by the plan, as
nearly square as the ground would admit ; the
sides being 352, 348, 347, and 323 feet respectively.
The irregularity of the position of the gates, or
entrances, is in like manner, owing to the inequa
lity of the ground. It is built of the common

* Vol. i. page 569 : where it is erroneously placed under the parish
of Muncaster.

PARISH OF MILLOM. 187
fell-stone, except the corners, which, according
to the report of the country people, among whom
it is known by the name of Hardknot Castle,
were of free-stone, but has been all taken away
for buildings in the neighbourhood ; there being
no free-stone nearer than Gosforth : but for that
circumstance, it is probable, the fortress would
have been standing at this day, in a state of ad
mirable perfection. In digging, to clear the
foundation of the inner buildings, Mr. Serjeant
says, they met with a great many fragments of
brick, apparently Roman, which must necessarily
have been brought from a considerable distance ;
also several pieces of slate, and near the entrances
some small arching stones, or pen stones, of free
stone, with remains of mortar on them ; shewing,
that in all probability, these entrances, or gate
ways were arched. The gateway to the east,
leads to a piece of ground of about two acres, at
the distance of 150 yards, which, by great labour,
has been cleared of the stones that encumbered
it, used perhaps for a parade, and military exer
cise. On the north side of that plot, is a forced,
or artificial bank of stones, now slightly covered
with turf, having a regular slope from the summit,
near which, on the highest ground, are the remains
of a round tower. From this,- the road is continued
along the edge of the hill to the pass, where it
joins the highest part of the present road to
Kendal." Another correspondent, in the same work (the
Rev. Aaron Marshall) says, " a road leading to
Ambleside, is called the King's Coach Road ; not
many years ago, several pieces of a leaden pipe
were found in a direction to the fort, leading

188 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
from a well, called Maddock-how-well, about a
mile and a half distant, which indisputably sup
plied the fort with water."
Hardknott castle commands a magnificent view
of Scafell and the Pikes — the loftiest of the moun
tains in the lake district : the former being ac
cording to the trigonometrical survey, 3166 feet,
and the latter Mr. Otley estimates at 3100. The
Irish sea is also in sight, and a pleasing variety
of mountains and lowlands. " It is in the recol
lection of several old people, now living, of pack-
horses leaving the wool-pack-yard [Kendal] for
Whitehaven, over Hardknot and Wrynose ; a
road now only seldom visited except by the soli
tary shepherd and the lake tourist."
Ulpha, like many other parts of Cumberland,
is remarkable for the longevity and robust
persons of its inhabitants ; one of whom, Mr.
Joseph Stephenson, a yeoman of Panelholm,
living in 1829, was 6 feet 8 J inches in height.
At that time it was stated that "six brothers and
sisters of the name of Jackson, are now living,
though the youngest of them is 86 years of age,
and their father died at the age of 103. Besides
these, here are three widows and a wife, whose
united ages amount to 333 years."
"The Old Hall, now a farm-house, bears
marks of great antiquity, and was probably the
seat of the lords of Ulpha. Near to it is a well,
called ' Lady's Dub,' where tradition says a lady
was killed by one of the numerous wolves that
formerly infested this wild region, the soil of
which has been greatly improved by cultivation,
especially in the low lands, where wheat was first
grown in 1784. The higher lands are mostly

PARISH OF MILLOM. 189
sheep farms, but a large portion of the chapelry
is covered with woods and coppices, the latter
of which yield a large and regular supply of ma
terials for making hoops, bobbins, &c. — Rains-
barrow Wood is famous for producing immense
crops of fine hazel nuts, which in a favourable
year, are worth about 200/. In the northern
part of Ulpha is an excellent quarry of light blue
slate, of which about 1 400 tons are raised an
nually. Two copper mines were formerly
wrought here, and zinc has been found in the
chapelry. This part of the Duddon contains
fine trout, and was the resort of salmon till 1805,
when Mr. Towers built a wear across ' the river
at Duddon Grove, but this obstruction has been
lessened, pursuant to a legal decision, made by
arbitration in 1826, after a trial at Lancaster in
1821."* The Chapel of Ulpha was certified to the gov
ernors of Queen Ann's bounty of the annual
value of 51. " whereof 31. 6s. 8d. was the ancient
chapel salary." It has been since augmented by
Queen Ann's bounty, and was returned to the
commissioners for enquiring respecting Ecclesi
astical Revenues, of the average annual value of
49/., with a glebe-house fit for residence. This
"unwealthy mountain benefice" is a perpetual
curacy, in the gift of the vicar of Millom. The
present incumbent is the Rev. Jeremiah Walker,
who was appointed in 1828. The chapel, dedi
cated to St. John, is a humble edifice, situated in
a " wave-washed church-yard," seven miles north
of the mother-church. It is the theme of one of

* Parson and White.
2 B

190 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Wordsworth's beautiful sonnets, which shall en
rich our page.
"The Kirk of Ulpha to the Pilgrim's eye
Is welcome as a Star, that doth present
Its shining forehead through the peaceful rent
Of a black cloud diffused o'er half the sky ;
Or as a fruitful palm-tree towering high
O'er the parched waste beside an Arab's tent ;
Or the Indian tree whose branches, downward bent,
Take root again, a boundless canopy.
How sweet were leisure ! could it yield no more
Than mid that wave-washed Church-yard to recline,
From pastoral graves extracting thoughts divine ;
Or there to pace, and mark the summits hoar
Of distant moon-lit mountains faintly shine,
Sooth'd by the unseen Biver's gentle roar."
At the time the chapel was consecrated, it was
endowed with the small tithes of the district, or
rather a modus in lieu of them, as it is a fixed
annual payment from every tenement and land
holder in the chapelry.
Mr. William Danson, of the parish of St.
Clement Danes, Westminster, who died in 1 797,
possessed of property in this chapelry, direct
ed by his will that the sum of 31., chargeable on
Folds estate, should be annually and for ever
paid by his heirs to the churchwardens of Ulpha,
to be by them distributed amongst the most
needy of the poor in that parish, of which he was
a native. This sum continued to be paid to the
churchwardens, though not always distributed
by them exactly as directed, until the year 1816,
when the Commissioners appointed to inquire
into Charities, although they ordered the bequest
to be " paid and distributed as directed," at the
same time expressed an opinion that, according
to the statute of mortmain, its payment could

PARISH OF MILLOM. 191
not be enforced. This coming to the ears of
the person who at that time farmed the estate,
he took advantage of the circumstance, and dis
continued the payment. H. Danson, Esq., of
London, however, who lately came to the Ulpha
property, has directed his agent, Mr. William
Poole, of River Bank, to deduct 3/. annually
from the rents of his estates, to be distributed by
himself and the Rev. E. Tyson, of Seathwaite,
each Christmas day, according to the direction
of his grandfather's will. This act of liberality
on the part of Mr. Danson is highly creditable
to him, and has been received with much grati
tude by the poor persons who have partaken of
the bounty.*
This chapelry had the advantage of a parochial
library, established in 1761, by the associates of
Dr. Bray : none of the volumes, however, are
now remaining. Charities.
The School at Millom-Below. — Joseph Hudles
ton, Esq. of Millom castle, (son of Sir William
Hudleston, Knight,) who died in 1700, endowed
this School with 100/. ; but that endowment has
been irrecoverably lost by the insolvency of a
person in whose hands it was deposited. It now
enjoys, in common with the two schools atMillom-
Above and at Thwaites, a share of a bequest of
800/. bequeathed in 1 8 1 1 by Mr. William Atkinson,
of Bog-house, " who ordered it to be invested in
government-stock, and the interest, (except 21.
\2s.) to be applied half-yearly for the education
* Whitehaven Herald.
2 b 2

192 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
of poor boys and girls in these three townships,
at the discretion of the trustees ; provided ' that
not more than 4s. be given for teaching any poor
scholar for a quarter of a year, nor even that if
the scholars can be well and diligently taught for
less.'" Fifty shillings of the interest is to be
given annually to the customers at Upper Beck-
stones-mill ; no family to have more than three
shillings, nor less than one shilling.
The Grammar School of Whicham and Millom.
— The particulars relating to this school, founded
for the benefit of the two parishes, have been
already stated, at page 101.
The School at MiUom-Above. — This school has
an equal share in the above-named legacy of Mr.
William Atkinson.
The School at Thwaites also enjoys one-third
of the interest arising from Mr. W. Atkinson's
legacy. Poor Stock. — In 1722, it was certified that
there was a poor-stock of 30/. 2s. Od. belonging
to this parish ; " given by several persons not
known." School at Rally-green. — On the 4th December,
1809, this school was opened; being solely insti
tuted and supported by the Rev  Myers, of
Shipley-hall, rector of Edenham, co. Lincoln, for
the instruction of twenty girls, in all the necessary
and useful branches of female education, the
children of sober and industrious labourers belong
ing to this parish.
The particulars respecting some other charities
are given under the accounts of the chapelries of
Ulpha and Thwaites.

ffilje parte!) of Irton.

|HIS parish contains the
I two townships of Irton
I and Santon, with Mel-
I thwaite, and is of small
jt^ extent, being only two
H miles in length, and one
111 and a half in breadth. It
is bounded on the south,
by the Mite, which divides
it from the parish of
Muncaster ; on the west, by the parish of Drigg ;
on the north, by the parish of Gosforth ; and on
the east, by the manor of Miterdale and the
chapelry of Wasdale, in the parish of St. Bees.
This parish was enclosed pursuant to an act of
parliament, passed in 1809, under which an allot
ment of land was given to the impropriator in
lieu of tithes, and two statute acres were allotted
for the better support of the school.*
The Irt, which gives name to the parish, flows
through it in a south-westerly direction. Camden
mentions this river as being famous on account
of its shell-fish producing pearls. They appear
at a former period to have been very plentiful in
this river.f * Lysons.
f See further particulars, under the parish of Drigg, pp. 106, 107.

194 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The surface of this parish is rather hilly, but
in no part is it mountainous. The soil varies,
being in some parts gravelly, in others clayey, or
formed of a mossy earth. Granite is plentiful
near Irton Hall ; but neither coals, limestone,
nor freestone, are found in the parish.
There was formerly a corn-mill in this parish
to which all who held under the lord ofthe manor
were bound, but all vestiges of it have long since
been swept away ; the farm, however, upon part
of which it stood, still retains the name of Mill-
Place. Another mill has been erected some dis
tance higher up the stream at San ton-Bridge,
which also is the property ofthe lord ofthe manor,
but without making any pretensions to the ex
clusiveness of soccage.
Facing Irton Hall, on the opposite or Santon
side ofthe river, are the extensive nursery-grounds
of Mr. Gaitskell, — much and deservedly-admired
for the neat and elegant manner in which they
are laid out. His conservatory of rare and valu
able exotics attracts every summer great numbers
of visitors.
A little lower down is Greenlands, a beautiful
villa, with extensive demesne attached, belonging
to Thomas Brocklebank, Esq. the opulent mer
chant and ship-owner of Liverpool.
The Manor of Irton.
This manor has been held by the ancient
family of that name from at least as early a period
as soon after the Conquest, whose descendant,
Samuel Irton, Esq., M.P. for the western diyision
of the county of Cumberland, is the present lord.

PARISH OF IRTON. 195
The demesne is large ; " the tenants pay cus
tomary rents, arbitrary fines, and heriots, with
other boons and services."
Irton of Irton.*
Arms: — Argent, a fess sable, in chief three mullets gules.
Crest : — A Saracen's head.
Motto : — Semper constans etfidelis.
Mr. Burke, in his " History of the Commoners of Great
Britain and Ireland," says, the first of the family mentioned
by Mr. Warburton, Somerset herald, is
Bartram d'Yrton, who lived in the beginning of Henry I. ;
and Richard is mentioned soon after the Conquest, as appears
by a deed of gift in the exchequer of lands given to the abbey
at York, by Andrew de Morwick, to which Bartram was an
evidence. He was succeeded by
Adam d'Yrton, of Yrton, who was one of the knights of
St. John of Jerusalem, and attending Godfrey of Boulogne,
and the other christian princes to the Holy Land, was at the
siege of Jerusalem. During the war he slew a Saracen
general, and is said to have severed at one blow the infidel's
head from his body. He married Joan Stutville, and was
father of
Hugh d'Yrton, who married Gertrude Tiliol, of an ancient
and eminent family, which possessed Scaleby castle and a
large estate on the borders, and was succeeded by his son,
Edmund d'Yrton, who joined the crusade under Eichard
I. and participated in all that monarch's wars. He lost his
life in the journey to Jerusalem, and left by his wife, the
daughter of Edmund Dudley, of Yanwath, in Westmorland,
a son and successor,
Stephen d'Yrton, who married Jane Dacre, (who was
surety to Henry III. for her brother, Thomas Dacre, for his
safekeeping ofthe castle of Bridgenorth, in Salop, against
the incursions ofthe Welsh), and had two sons, namely,
* A great portion of this pedigree has been suppUed by Burke's
Commoners.

196 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Soger, his heir.
Randolph, who was bred a priest at Rouen, in Norman
dy. On his return to England, he was made prior of
Gisburn, in Yorkshire, and being a man of great
learning and piety, was constituted in 1280, bishop of
Carlisle. He was a firm defender ofthe rights of his
church, and maintained a suit against Sir Michael de
Harcla, by which, in 1281, he recovered the manor
and church of Dalston. He was also a party in a suit
for tithes of newly-cultured lands, within the forest of
Inglewood, claimed to be granted to the church of
Carlisle by Henry I., who enfeoffed the same per
quoddam cornu eburneum. The right to the tithes,
however, was adjudged to the king, (Edward I.,) who
afterwards granted the same to the prior and convent.
Bishop Irton was joined in commission with the
Bishop of Caithness, to collect tenths within the
kingdom of Scotland. He was one of the king's most
confidential commissioners, for adjusting the claims
to the crown of Scotland, in 1291. He was one of
the plenipotentiaries empowered to contract Prince
Edward in marriage with Queen Margaret of Scotland ;
and was a person of great note in many other of the
most important political transactions of his time.
He died at Linstock, March 1st 1292. The Chro
nicle of Lanercost reports, that being fatigued with a
tedious journey in deep snow, in returning from
parliament in. London, after due refreshment he
retired to rest; and a vein bursting in his sleep, he
was found suffocated with blood.
The elder son,
Roger d'Yrton, married, and had a son and successor,
William d'Yrton, who married Grace Hanmer, of Shrop
shire, a near relative ofthe Hammers, of Hanmer, in Flint
shire, and was succeeded by his son,
Roger d'Yrton, living in 1292, who married Susan, daugh
ter of Sir Alexander Basinthwaite, and sister of Sir Alexander
Basinthwaite, who was slain at the battle of Dunbar, in 1296.
By this lady, Roger d'Yrton acquired the manors of Basin
thwaite, Loweswater, Unthank, and divers others lands of
considerable value, and had a son and heir,
Adam d'Yrton, who wedded Elizabeth, sole heiress of Sir

PARISH OF IRTON. 197
John Copeland, and obtained with her the manors of Berker,
Berkby, and Senton. He left two sons, of whom, the
younger, Alexander, married a lady of the family of Oding-
sels, and settled at Wolverly, in Warwickshire. The elder,
Richard d'Yrton, married Margaret, daughter of John
Broughton, of Broughton, in Staffordshire, and was father of
Christopher Irton, of Irton, who married Margaret, daugh
ter of Richard Redman, of Herwood castle, and was succeed
ed by his son,
Nicholas Irton, of Irton, who occurs 12th Henry VI., in
the list of the gentry of the county returned by the commis
sioners, (see Leath Ward, p. 495). He married a daughter
of William Dykes, of Wardell, in Cumberland, and was suc
ceeded by his son,
John Irton, Esq., of Irton, living temp. Edward IV., who
married Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Lamplugh, Knt., by
Eleanor, his wife, daughter of Sir Henry Fenwick, of Fen
wick, and had, with another son, Joseph, (who left two
daughters, Elizabeth, married to William Armorer, Esq. ;
and Mary, married to John Skelton, Esq., of Armathwaite
castle), a son,
William Irton, Esq., of Irton, who was appointed in 1493
general to the Duke of Gloucester, and (as appears by an old
grant in the family) his deputy lieutenant. He married a
daughter of the ancient house of Fleming of Rydal, and was
succeeded by his son,
Thomas Irton, Esq., of Irton, who received the honour of
knighthood from the Earl of Surrey, at Floddenfield, and
was slain in a skirmish at Kelso, with the Scotch. He died
s.p. and was succeeded in 1503 by his brother,
Richard Irton, Esq. of Irton, who was high-sheriff of the
county of Cumberland, in the 22nd Henry Villi He married
Anne, daughter of Sir William Middleton, knight, of Stokeld
Park. In the 35th Henry VIII. it was found by inquisition
that he held the manor and town of Irton, of the king, as of
his castle of Egremont, by homage, and fealty, Id. rent, and
suit at the court of Egremont. He also possessed Cleter,
and a moiety of the manor of Bassenthwaite.
Christopher Irton, Esq. son and heir, married in 1543,
2 c

198 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Mallory, knight, of Stud-
ley park, and was succeeded by his son,
John Irton, Esq. who married in 1577, Dorothy, daughter
of Roger Kirkby, Esq. of Kirkby in Furness.
John Irton, Esq. son and heir, appears in the list of the
gentry of the county who contributed to the support of the
garrison of Carlisle, during the great rebellion. He married
in 1638, Anne, sister of Sir Harry Ponsonby, ancestor ofthe
Earls of Besborough, and left a son and successor,
John Irton, Esq. who married in 1658, Elizabeth, daughter
of ... . Musgrave of Mealrig, younger brother of Sir William
Musgrave, Knight, of Crookdake. See an anecdote of this
Mr. Irton, under our account of Irton Hall, page 199.
George Irton, Esq. son and heir, married Elizabeth,
daughter of Thomas Lamplugh, Esq, of Lamplugh, and was
succeeded by his son,
George Irton, Esq. who, in 1753, was high-sheriff of the
county of Cumberland. In 1695, he married Elizabeth, eldest
daughter of David Poole, Esq. of Knottingley and Syke-
house, co. York, by whom he had two sons and five daughters.
Mr. Irton died 7th December, 1 749, aged 82, and was buried
in the same grave with his wife (who died in 1744) in the
chancel of the parish-church of Irton, where is a monument
to their memory.
Samuel Irton, Esq. son and heir, married Frances, only
daughter and heiress of Robert Tubman, Esq. of Cockermouth,
by whom he had three sons and three daughters, all of whom
survived him. Mr. Irton was high-sheriff of the county in
the 5th George III., and died in London, 12th April, 1766,
aged 50. His remains were brought to Irton, and interred
in the chancel of the church there, where is a monument to
his memory. His widow remarried to ... . Brathwaite, Esq.
and dying in 1802, was buried in the church of Hawkshead.
Mr. Irton was succeeded by his eldest son,
Edmund Lamplugh Irton, Esq., who married, firstly,
.... daughter of ... . Hodgson, Esq., of Hawkshead ; and,
secondly, (2nd August, 1787), Harriet, daughter of John
Hayne, Esq., of Ashbourn Green, co. Derby. By the latter
he had issue,
Samuel, his successor, the present lord.

PARISH OF IRTON. 199
Richard, a major, in the rifle brigade, who married
Sarah, daughter of Joseph Sabine, Esq.
Anne, married to Joseph Gunson, Esq. of Ingwell.
Frances.
Mr. Irton died 2nd November, 1820, and was succeeded
by his eldest son,
Samuel Irton, Esq, M.P. who was born 29th September,
1796. Mr. Irton is in the commission of the peace for
Cumberland, and has represented the western division of the
county of Cumberland in several parliaments. In 1825,
(July 25th) he married Eleanor, second daughter* of Joseph
Tiffin Senhouse, Esq., of Calder Abbey, an officer in the
guards, by his second wife, Sarah, daughter of John Sunder
land, Esq. of Cartmel, co. Lancaster.
Irton Hall.
Irton Hallf has been for many centuries the
manorial-house and seat of the ancient family of
the Irtons. The present mansion, however, is
of a more recent date, excepting the fortified
tower, which is still retained. It is pleasantly
seated amid noble trees on the summit of an ac
clivity sweeping up from the Irt, about a quarter
of a mile east from the parish-church.
Mr. Sandford's MS. contains the following
notice of this mansion, and a pleasing anecdote
of the loyalty of one of the ancestors of the pre
sent lord of the manor : — " A litle above nye the
montanes towards Moncastre,a great tower-house
of ancient family of Squire Iretons of Ireton, but
not of that fatall Iretons, of Oliver's tribe ; for
this now [circa 1675] lord of Ireton hall came to
attend at the King's [Charles IL] returne to
* Mary, the elder sister, married Thomas Irwin, Esq., who nowresides
at Calder Abbey.
t A view of Irton Hall is published in Neale's Seats.
2 c 2

200 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
London ; and some gallants brought him to kiss
the king's hand. 'And now,' quoth he, ' I have
blessed my eyes with a sight of [the] king : I'le
even goe home, and end my days in Godd's peace,
I hope.' "
The most striking architectural feature of this
building is a quadrangular tower, built in the
castellated style, with embrasures, which — from
its great antiquity, and from the circumstance of
the other parts of the mansion being of various
and more modern dates — we may reasonably
presume to have constituted the principal part
of the manorial hall.
" Thou stand'st a monument of strength sublime,
A giant, laughing at the threats of Time !"
The site of this mansion has been most judi
ciously selected, as it is extremely picturesque,
and commands an extensive view of the sublime
scenery in its immediate vicinity, and of the Isle
of Man and the southern part of Scotland.
The present representative of the family is
Samuel Irton, Esq., M.P. for the western division
of the county of Cumberland, who is lord of the
manors of Irton and Melthwaite.
In front of the hall stands an oak of gigantic
dimensions, its circumference being so great that
three men can scarcely encompass it with their
extended arms. It was, at a former period,
remarkable for its great spread of limb, covering
an area of almost incredible extent, and was an
object of universal admiration in the neighbour
hood. At present, however, it is sadly " shorn
of its fair proportions," all its principal branches
having dropped off by natural decay, and nothing

PARISH OF IRTON. 201
remaining but the trunk and a few apparently
thriveless shoots. It bears evident marks of very
great antiquity ; and judging fromits appearance,
it would perhaps be "no extravagant arithmetic"
to say, that this "brave old oak" — this venerable
sylvan patriarch has
"  brav'd a thousand years-
The lightning and the breeze."
The Manor of Santon.
Santon, in the time of Henry III. was held by-
Alan de Copeland, whose mansion-house was in
the township of Bootle. " He held of Thomas
de Multon of Gilsland, who held over of the lord
of Egremont." He was succeeded by his sons,
Alan and Richard, and they by John and Richard.
In the 22nd Richard 1 1., Alan son of Richard^
Copeland held lands here. In the year 1777,
Santon was held by the families of Irton and;
Winder ; the moiety held by the latter having
been purchased of .... Latus, who bought it
from the Lancasters. It is now the property of
Skeffington Lutwidge, Esq., of Holm-Rook Hall..
The Church..
The church of Irton, {Eccl. S. Michael de
Yirrton, Archidiac. Richmond,*) it appears from
Tanner, was appropriated in the year 1227, to
the nunnery of Seton or Lekely : on the dissolution
of religious houses, it was granted to the Penning-
tons, of Muncaster, ancestors of the present Lord.
* Tanner.

202 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Muncaster. The tithes and the right of advow
son remained in that family until the year 18. .
when Lord Muncaster sold them to Samuel Irton,
Esq. M.P. the present patron. The benefice does
not occur in the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII.
It was certified to the governors of Queen Ann's
bounty at the annual value of 41. 13s. 4d. The
dedication, according to Nicolson and Burn, is
to St. Paul, although Tanner speaks of it as,
ecclesia S. Michael de Yirrton. The present in
cumbent is the Rev. John Grice, who is also the
perpetual curate of the parish of Drigg. On the
enclosure of the parish, pursuant to an act of
parliament passed in 1809, an allotment of land
was given in lieu of tithes.
The parish church of Irton, dedicated to St.
Paul, is a very handsome modern structure, pre
senting an appearance of external elegance not
frequently met with in remote rural districts;
nor are its internal appointments calculated to
disappoint those favourable impressions which
its prepossessing exterior cannot fail to inspire.
It has a chancel, nave, and quadrangular
tower of considerable elevation, in three stories ;
the basement forming a commodious vestibule
before entering the body of the building ; the
second story being fitted up for the purposes of
a vestry-room ; and the uppermost containing the
bells. The whole is surmounted by four balls of
proportionate dimensions.
As the site of this church is on elevated
ground, it forms a very conspicuous object in the
surrounding scenery ; and throughout an area of
several miles, on reaching the summit of any
eminence, its white airy outline is almost invari-

PARISH OF IRTON. 203
ably the first thing that meets the eye of the
spectator. An inscription on the front of the gallery in
forms us that the church was rebuilt in the year
1795. The registers of this parish do not contain
any thing worth extracting ; the truth is, they
have been very negligently kept, not extending
farther back in any instance than 100 years. It
is very probable that those of an older date have
been lost or destroyed at the time of rebuilding
the church.
An oval tablet of white marble, on the north
side of the nave, is thus inscribed —
MeritO
Parentibus,
THOMCE MOSSOP,
(Ob. XVIII Cal. Sep. MDCCXXXIV
ML LXXIL)
Nee non
Conjugi Anna;,
(Ob. XII Cal. Ap. Eodemque Anno
Mt LXXII),
J. Mossop Cler. A.M.
Faciundum Curavit.
On the same side is the following inscription,
in gilt letters on a framed board : —
This erected to the memory of JOHN
WINDER of Stangends, Gentlem11 who departed
this life the 24th November, 1750, aged 82 years.
By his nephew John Freers.
On the same side, at the head of the family
pew of the Lutwidges, is a monument remarkably
chaste and classical in its design, elegant and

204 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
masterly in its execution, imposing by its height
and the richness and dazzling polish of the ma
terials, but above all, fascinating for the studied
correctness and laboured finish of its minutest
details ; in fact, one of those splendid specimens
of art to which the eye of the connoisseur may
revert again and again, and still find something
new to admire and applaud. It bears the follow
ing inscription : — To the memory of
SKEFFINGTON LTJTWIDGE, of Holm Rook, Esquire,
Admiral of the Red,*
Who commanded in 1773, H. M. S. Carcass, on a voyage
of Discovery towards the North Pole.
He bore many high and important Commands
With honor to himself and advantage to the public service.
In private life
* Of covtrse, the rash and chivalrous adventure of Nelson and one of
his juvenile associates in pursuit of a bear on the ice is familiar to our
readers, as it is as notorious and as much a matter of history as any of
his most illustrious achievements in after-life ; but as it is not sg generally
kown that the embryo hero of the Nile and of Trafalgar was serving at
the time of the occurrenceof this incident under the gallant admiral whose
obituary is recorded above, we hope the following extract, which estab
lishes this fact, will not be considered uninteresting. — " When the ex
pedition of discovery towards the North Pole, under Commodore Phipps,
sailed next year, (1773) Nelson had used all his interest to be permitted
to go with Captain Lutwidge, in the Carcass, as his cockswain. In this
object of his ambition he succeeded ; and during the voyage, displayed
gome of his characteristic traits. We can mention only the following.
One night, when they were surrounded by ice, the young cockswain and
a ship-mate, undaunted by their danger, stole from the vessel to hunt a
bear. They were soon missed ; and the signal was made for their return,
which they were obliged to obey, and much to their mortification,
without securing their prey. ' What reason could' you have,' said
Captain Lutwidge to Nelson, 'for hunting a bear?' ' Sir;' replied he,
' I wished to get the skin for my father.' "

PARISH OF IRTON. 205
He was distinguished by the sweetness of his manners;
A kind relation and warm friend.
He died on the 15th of August, in the year 1814,
In the 78 Year of his age.
His remains were deposited near this Place,
In the same grave with CATHERINE, his wife,
Daughter of Richard Hakvey of Londonderry, Esq.
Who died on the 21st day of January 1810, aged 48 years.
This monument is dedicated by their grateful nephew,
Major S. Lutwidge.
On the north side of the altar-table is a marble
monument with this inscription —
Near this place
Lies the body of SAM. IRTON, Esq.
Who died in London, April the 12th, 1766, in the 51 year of his age.
,He was a sincere and faithful friend,
An affectionate and tender Husband,
A careful and indulgent parent.
He left issue three sons and three daughters
By Frances, Daughter of Robt. Tubman
Of Cockermouth in this County, Gent.
Who in Testimony of her sincere regard and
Esteem for his memory has caused this
monument to be erected, 1767.
On the south side ofthe altar-table on a marble
monument is the following—
Under this monument in one grave are deposited the remains of
GEORGE IRTON Esq. of Irton Hall in this parish, and ELIZABETH
his wife. She departed this life ye 19th February, 1744 aged 70 years,
and he December ye 7th, 1749, aged 82. They were the best of Parents
to their children, and the sincerest of friends. After a long life spent
with the greatest Industry they retrieved an Estate almost lost. She was
Eldest Daughterof David l'oole of Knottingly in the East Riding of York,
Esq. They left issue living 2 sons and five Daughters, Sam'- the youngest
son who survived his father and mother, erected this monument out of a
due filial and affectionate regard to the memory of both of them.
2 D

206 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
On the south side of the chancel there is an
oblong marble slab surmounted by a sarcophagus ;
the latter bears this inscription —
In memory of
LIEUTENANT COLONEL SAMUEL IRTON,
Who after a residence
of Thirty three years in India,
In the service of
The Honorable East India Company,
Returned to England in Sept. 1811,
And died 13th March, 1813,
Aged 49 years.
On the slab are the following verses : —
Those who were taught from earliest youth to view,
With pleasure, his return so long protracted ;
Now saw with transport, every vision true,
That hope had form'd or memory contracted.
Saw every social virtue, sweetly blending,
Where valour's self stood prompt at glory's call ;
And fame and honor, on his steps attending,
Yet generous, kind, affectionate to all.
Against the south wall, over the pew of the
Irton family, is another marble monument bearing
the following inscription : —
In memory of
FRANCES BRATHWAITE, formerly IRTON,
Who died July XIX, MDCCCII, aged LXX years,
And was buried in Hawkshead Church.
This monument was erected
From a filial affection for one of
The best of Parents;
By E. L. Ikton, of Irton Hall,
And Samuel Irton, a major in the service
oithe East India Company at Madras,
wo of her sons by her first husband
Samuel Ikton of Irton, Esq.
She searched the scriptures daily.

Etched- by Scan. Soughs

Crci's in Irton Church Yard.

S. Jefferson,, Carlisle

PARISH OF IRTON. 201
In the church-yard, is an ancient cross, nearly
ten feet high, the four sides of which are very
richly carved, as represented in the engraving.
They are sculptured with the most elegant scrolls,
knots, and frets, very much in the style of the
decorations of the celebrated MS. — Textus Sancti
Cuthberti, preserved in the British Museum,
which was written about the close of the seventh
century.* Holme-Rook Hall.
Holme-Rook Hall, on the north banks of the
Irt, three miles north east from Ravenglass, is a
neat edifice, in a picturesque locality, situated on
the summit of an eminence overlooking the river,
and commanding a very extensive prospect,
The present occupant is Skeffington Lutwidge.
Esq., a retired Major in the honorable E. I. C's.
service, who is lord of the manors of Santon, in
this parish, and of Upper and Lower Bolton, in
the adjoining parish of Gosforth.
The School.
This school was founded in the year 1718, and
its management vested in the following trustees :
— George Irton, Esq., Nicholas Nicholson, Wil
liam Caddy, John Nicholson, Henry Caddy, and
 This information is obtained from a free
stone tablet, inserted into the wall of the porch,
which is so defaced and mutilated as to require
the greatest care and patience to decypher it.
• Lysons.
2 d 2

208 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Henry Caddy of Katch-Ground, the founder,
endowed it with the sum of 100/., that it might
be free to the parish on condition of certain pay
ments. There was also another grant of 10/. a
year, arising out of the Gasketh estate, which,
however, is lost, or at least has been withheld
for several years.
The master's direct income is at present about
8 guineas per annum : 11. 6s. of which occurs as
interest from 180/. invested in the hands of
Samuel Irton, Esq., M.P., and the remainder as
the rental of an allotment of land which was
awarded to the school at the time of the en
closure of Irton Moor, pursuant to an act of
parliament passed in 1809. The 180/. is supposed
to be the original grant with some trifling accu
mulations.

W&t Parts!) of jfHuncaater.

HE parish of Muncaster
is bounded on the south,
by that of Waberthwaite;
on the west, by the Irish
Sea; on the north, by
the parishes of Irton and
Drigg; and on the east,
by the chapelries of Ulpha
and Eskdale. It consists
of two townships, Mun
caster and Birkby, which are divided by the Esk.
It extends about four miles, east and west ; and
in breadth, from north to south, nearly three
miles. The Esk and Mite abound with trout,
and some salmon are taken in those rivers : the
fishery belongs to Lord Muncaster and Major-
General Wyndham, of Cockermouth castle. The
township of Muncaster lies between those rivers ;
the township of Birkby is on the south side of
the Esk : the former contains the market-town
and port of Ravenglass.
The soil of this parish is loamy and rather
fertile towards the sea ; but farther eastward it
is mossy, and gravelly near the mountains. A
mountainous ridge extends along the middle of
the parish. Neither coal, limestone, nor freestone
are found here.
There was formerly so great an abundance of

210 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
woodcocks in this parish, that, "by a special
custom, the tenants were obliged to sell them to
the lord for one penny each ; they were taken by
springs, and traps ; but since the country was
stripped of wood, they make a short stay here in
their passage, and are, of late years, become very
scarce." Mr. Sandford's MS. account of Cumberland
gives the following particulars : — " Monkaster,
the ancient seite of the Peningtons, but no Kts of
late, from whence come the aldermen Peningtons
of London, and I think the quondam famous
captain Penington : for I had an uncle of my
own name, Edm : Sandford, prentis to his cousin
Penington at London, which must needs be one
of this house. Ther is a brave parke, and all
belonging to this grand house of Montcastre, full
of ffallow dear, down to Ravenglass, so called of
a brood of ravens there, and I have seen a white
raven .... and very tame for a marvaile, and
.... like a hauke to kill partridge and other
fowles." In ancient evidences Muncaster is called
Meolcastre, Mealcastre, and Mulcaster. Walls
Castle, near Ravenglass, is the name given to the
ruins of an old building which is said to have
been the ancient place of residence of the Pen-
ningtons, ancestors ofthe present lord Muncaster :
but with much greater probability is supposed to
be of early British origin. The walls are cement
ed with run lime. Roman and Saxon coins have
been found around it, with stone axes and arrow
heads, " the undoubted arms of our Celtic an
cestors." "A small brass kettle, with two handles,

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 211
standing on three legs, in form exactly resembling
the iron ones still in use, was found, a few years
since at the Roman station on Eskmeals, in this
parish, and is now in the possession of E. L. Irton,
Esq. " This vessel does not exhibit any thing the
least like Roman workmanship, but it has the
appearance of great antiquity ; having undergone
frequent repairs, apparently long after it was
manufactured. Several small holes have been
stopped, by bits of copper cut out and rivetted
on : and one of the legs which has been broken
is spliced in a very clumsy manner by a piece of
metal soldered on. Another of the same form,
has been found at the same place, and is also in
the possession of Mr. Irton."*
A very singular custom - obtains here on the
eve of the new year, when the children go from
house to house, singing a ditty, and begging the
bounty "they were wont to have in old king
Edward's days." Nothing is known respecting
the origin of this custom. Has not the name
been altered from Henry to Edward ? and may
it not have an allusion to the time when the sixth
Henry was entertained here in his flight from his
enemies ?
On Birkby-Fell, near the foot of Devoke Water,
are some remains of a fort or an encampment,
called the Ruins of the city of Barnscar, tradition
ally ascribed to the Danes, of which the Rev.
Aaron Marshall communicated the following ac
count to that History of Cumberland which bears
Mr. Hutchinson's name : — " This place is about
* Lysons.

212 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
300 yards long, from east to west ; and 100 yards
broad, from north to south ; now walled round,
save at the east end, near three feet in height :
there appears to have been a long street, with
several cross ones ; the remains of house-steads,
within the walls, are not very numerous, but on
the outside of the walls they are innumerable,
especially on the south side and west end : the
circumference of the city and suburbs, is near
three computed miles; the figure an oblong
square : there is an ancient road through the city,
leading from Ulpha to Ravenglass. About the
year 1730, a considerable quantity of silver coin
was found in the ruins of one of the houses, con
cealed in a cavity, formed in a beam ; they were
claimed by the lord of the manor."
The Manor.
Mr. John Denton says ; — " the next fee unto
Milium, holden immediately of the barony of
Egremont, is Mulcaster, seated on the north side
of the seigniory of Milium. The manor is bounded
between the river Esk, and a little rill or beck,
called Mite. It is in form, a long ridge or rising
ground of hills from the foot of Esk, extended
along, between those rivers unto the great and
vast mountains belonging to Egremont, in Esk-
dale, Wastdale, and Mitredale. There are not
many under fees belonging to this manor.
" The place is now corruptly called Moncaster ;
howbeit, the right name is Mulcastre, or Meol-
castre, of an old castle there towards the water
side, near unto Eskmeal, which was the ancient
dwelling-house of the Penningtons, and is yet

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 213
visible in the ruins, they call it the Old Walls ;
for their present mansion-house is of later erection,
made by some of them much better, and more
conveniently set for slate, and for avoidance of
the air, and sharp distempers of the sea. It was
called Meol-castre, or Mulecastre, from the meal
on which it anciently stood ; and it is accordingly
written Mulecastre, and Mealecastre, in all their
old evidences and records. Eskmeal (whereon
the antient castle stood) is a plain, low, dry,
ground, at the foot of Esk, between the moun
tains and the sea, which sort of grounds, lying
under mountains and promontories into, or at
the sea, are commonly called Mules or Meils, as
it were the entrance or mouth, from the sea into
a river, or such like place, as this Meil of Esk,
Kirksanton Meil, Cartmeil, Mealholme, the Mule
of Galloway, and Milium itself, and many other
such like.
" The estate is now in the possession of Joseph
Pennington, Esq., whose ancestors have enjoyed
the same ever since the conquest, sometimes col
laterally, but for the most part lineally descend
ing by their issue male to this time. They were,
for the most part, knights successively, and men
of great valour in the king's services, on the bor
ders and marches, and in other expeditions,
where it pleased the king to command them.
They took their name from Pennington in Lan
cashire ; and though this manor (of Mulcaster)
was always theirs as aforesaid, yet some have
greatly mistaken the same to have been, first, the
Miilcaster's patrimony, and to have come from
them to the Penningtons, by marriage or pur
chase. All the Mulcasters are descended from
2 E

214 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
one David de Mulcaster, the son of Benedict
Pennington, who lived in king John's time. He
had two sons, John and Adam, called both de
Mulcaster, and so their posterity take their sur
name of the place where their first ancestor,
David, died." Muncaster Castle.
Muncaster castle* is a handsome and spacious
modern structure, having been nearly rebuilt by
John, first Baron Muncaster. The late Lord
also added a quadrangular tower. The principal
tower of the ancient fortified mansion has been
preserved, but it has lost its original external
appearance. The castle is delightfully situated
on the side of an eminence, north of the Esk,
rather more than one mile east of Ravenglass.
It is surrounded by plantations, and commands
an extensive view of the vale of the Esk, bound
ed by wild mountain scenery. Hardknott,
Wrynose, and Scafell form the eastern boundary
of Eskdale, which, viewed from the richly wood
ed hills about Muncaster Castle, at the opposite
extremity, exhibits one of the finest views in
Cumberland. The park was much improved by
John, first Lord Muncaster, who planted many
thousand trees, and " introduced here the best
breeds of cattle, from which he reared some of 1 00
stones weight." Previous to this the park had
a bare appearance on account of its want, of trees.
The memorable storm of January 7th, 1839,
proved very destructive to the trees and plan-
* Engraved in Fisher's Northern Tourist.

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 215
rations ; many of the former in the avenue
approaching to the castle, were broken or torn
up by the roots. The deer-park is situated a
short distance from the castle : it contains about
100 deer.
The windows of the entrance-hall contain some
very fine and valuable stained glass : the chimney-
piece is of carved oak ; and that in the drawing-
room is a very costly one of marble, exquisitely
carved. King Henry's bed-room contains a full
length portrait of Henry VI. kneeling before an
altar, with the luck of Muncaster in his hand.
The bed-stead is of carved oak ; it has the initials
H. H. and bears a crown. The chairs, the doors,
and the chimney-piece in this room, are of old
carved oak. In the library are the arms of the
families with whom the Penningtons have been
allied by marriage.
On the stair-case is a curious portrait of
Thomas Skelton, " the fool of Muncaster, who is
said to have lived here at the time of the civil
wars, and of whose sayings there are many tradi
tional stories. He is dressed in a check gown,
blue, yellow, and white ; under his arm is an
earthen dish with ears ; in his right hand a white
wand ; in his left, a white hat, bound with pink
ribbands and with blue bows ; in front, a paper,
on which is written Mrs. Dorothy Copeland.
The following lines are inscribed on the picture x
" Ths Skelton late Fool of Muncaster's last Will and Testament.
" Be it known to ye, oh grave and wise men all,
That I Thom Fool am Sheriff of ye Hall,
I mean the Hall of Haigh, where I command
What neither I nor you do understand.
My Under Sheriff is Ralph Wayte you know,
2 e 2

216 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
As wise as 1 am and as witty too.
Of Egremond I have Burrow Serjeant beene,
Of Wiggan Bailiff too, as may be seen
By my white staff of office in my hand,
Being carried streight as the badge of my command :
A low high constable too was once my calling,
Which I enjoyed under king Henry Rawling ;
And when the Fates a new Sheriff send,
I'm Under Sheriff prick' d World without end.
He who doth question my authority
May see the seal and patten here ly by.
The dish with luggs which I do carry here
Shews all my living is in good strong beer.
If scurvy lads to me abuses do,
I'll call 'em scurvy rogues and rascals too.
Fair Dolly Copeland in my cap is placed ;
Monstrous fair is she, and as good as all the rest.
Honest Nich. Pennington, honest Ths. Turner, both
Will bury me when I this world go forth.
But let me not be carry'd o'er the brigg,
Lest falling I in Duggas River ligg ;
Nor let my body by old Chamock lye,
But by Will. Caddy, for he'll lye quietly.
And when I'm bury'd then my friends may drink,
But each man pay for himself, that's best I think.
This is my Will, and this I know will be
Perform' d by them as they have promised me.
" Sign'd, Sealed, Publish'd, and Declared Ta! Skelton,
in the presence of 'A his Mark.
Henry Rawlinq,
Henry Troughton,
Ths Turner."
The Luck of Muncaster, which has been pre
served here for several centuries, is " an ancient
glass vessel of the basin kind, about seven inches
in diameter, ornamented with some white enam
elled mouldings." According to family tradition,
Sir John Pennington, who lived in the reign of

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 217
Henry VI. entertained that unhappy and thrice-
deposed monarch, at his mansion, whither he
had fled from his enemies ; and on his leaving
Muncaster (A.D. 1461) he presented his host
with this vessel, "to the preservation of which a
considerable degree of superstition has attach
ed."* The castle contains a large number of pictures
and family portraits ; among which we noticed
the following. In the Drawing Boom.
John, first Lord Muncaster, a full length, with other
portraits in the same picture.
In the Dining Boom.
Sir William Pennington, first baronet, ob. 1730.
Sir Joseph Pennington, fourth baronet, father of the first
Lord Muncaster, ob. 1773.
Sir Joseph Pennington, second baronet, ob. 1744.
John, first Lord Muncaster.
The Hon. Margaret Lady Pennington, sister of Henry,-
Lord Viscount Lonsdale. On the Grand Stair-Case.
A large painting representing " King Henry the Sixth
giving to Sir John Pennington, on his leaving his castle, 1461,
The Luck of Muncaster."
Another, Caxton presenting the first book printed in
England to Edward IV. In the Library.
Sir John Pennington, Lord High Admiral.
Sir William Pennington, first baronet, ob. 1730.
Sir James Lowther, Bart., son of Sir John Lowther, of
Whitehaven, Bart., ob. 1755.
John, first Lord Viscount Lonsdale, born 1655.
Sir John Lowther, of Whitehaven, Bart.
William Pennington, Esq., ob. 1652.
* A similar relic is preserved at the seat of Sir George Musgrave,
Bart., well known as the Luck of Edenhall, see vol. i. Leath Ward, pp.
406-411.

218 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Sir Joseph Pennington, fourth Baronet.
Bichard, Viscount Lonsdale, ob. 1713.
James, Earl of Balcarres.
Thomas, Lord Coventry. In another Boom.
Henry VI. with the Luck of Muncaster in his hand; date
1461. Dame Askew, wife of Sir William Pennington, knight,
"A.Dni.,157\." Henry, Lord Viscount Lonsdale, ob. 1751.
The Manor of Birkby.
This manor is on the south side of the Esk : it
has long been the property of the Stanley family,
and is now held by Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P.,
of Ponsonby Hall.
The rolls of the manor contain the following
rigorous orders : — "Item, we do order and put in
pain, that every the inhabitants, within the manor
of Birkby, who shall hereafter take, or catch, kill,
or come by any wild fowl whatsoever, shall not
sell them to any foreigner or stranger, but shall
bring them to the lord, or his bailiff, for the time
being, at the prices and rates hereafter specified,
viz. for every mallard, 4d.< — Duck, 3d. — Every
long mallard or widgeon, 2d.' — Woodcock or
partridge, Id. — Feelfaws, throstles, ousles, each
four for Id.— Every curlew, 3d. — For two seals,
Id. — Plover, Id.— Lapwings, one halfpenny; un
der pain and forfeiture of 3s. 4d. for every fowl,
otherwise sold, as formerly accustomed."
The Church.
The church of Muncaster was appropriated to
the priory of Conishead, by Gamel de Penning-

parish of muncaster. 219
ton, in the reign of Henry II., which appropria
tion was confirmed by Edward II. On the
dissolution of religious houses, it was granted
back to that family, who have since retained
possession ofthe advowson. The value of the
benefice was "returned at 10/.;" we suppose to
the governors of Queen Ann's bounty ; from
which source it received in 1723, an augmenta
tion of 200/. by lot. Lord Muncaster is the
patron of the church ; the Rev. Joseph Stanley,
rector of Waberthwaite, is the present incumbent ;
and the Rev. Joseph Taylor, B.A., is his assistant-
curate. The benefice was returned to the com
missioners for enquiring concerning Ecclesiastical
Revenues, as of the average annual value of 97/.
The living is not entered in the Valor Ecclesias
ticus of Henry VIII., excepting an incidental
notice in a list of the possessions of the priory
of Conishead, where the church of Muncaster
occurs as follows : —
Decim' ecclie. de Molcastre viz. granos. xliu. }
lini & feni iiij&. Ian' & agn' Is. vitul poroell'/ £ s. d.
auc' et gallin' iijs. iiij<#. oblac' tribz diebzSviij viij viij
prencipal' viij*. viijrf. in oblac' & alijs •amis. V
ut in libro paschal' xxvjs. viijrf. In tot' )
The church of Muncaster is an ancient edifice,
dedicated to St. Michael, standing near the centre
of the parish. It is in the park, closely adjoining
the castle; and being entirely surrounded by trees,
it has a picturesque and peculiarly interesting
appearance. Nor does this impression, produced
at first sight, vanish on a closer inspection. The
venerable windows and ivy-clad walls ofthe sacred
edifice harmonize well with the solemn solitude of

220 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the place, and dispose the mind to reverential fear
while treading the green sod where
" The rude forefathers ofthe hamlet sleep ;"—
where the last solemn rites ofthe Christian church
are performed alike over peer and peasant, the
lordly possessor of the adjoining castle, or the
humble and unknown inhabitant of a cottage ;
and where they both repose in the silence of the
grave. This church, "in the stillness of the
country, is a visible centre of a community of the
living and the dead ; a point to which are habitu
ally referred the nearest concerns of both."*
<<* * * * may ne'er
That true succession fail of English Hearts,
That can perceive, not less than heretofore
Our Ancestors did feelingly perceive,
What in those holy Structures ye possess
Of ornamental interest, and the charm
Of pious sentiment diffused afar,
And human charity, and social love."j-
This church, although greatly superior in its
external appearance to many others in the neigh
bourhood, presents in its plan the same simple
details of a nave and chancel, with a bell-turret
at its western end carrying two bells. The
masonry is good and remains free from those
coats of plaster and whitewash with which the
indiscreet zeal of many churchwardens for "beau
tifying" our churches has spoiled so many of those
edifices. J A south porch has been converted
* Wordsworth. f Ibid.
t The Cambridge Camden Society has recently published a small
pamphlet entitled " A Few Words to Churchwardens on Churches and
Church Ornaments," price 3d. ; which may be very advantageously con
sulted by authorities superintending the repairs or alterations of churches.

Sitf ' i imk
B8K8m ¦-,.--- - --_

W.EnaeT)ro<jfc SbT.

MTOCA^TTiaiR <CHtHJ]E.SIE.
S.Jefferson Carlisle 1842

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 221
into the vestry ; its gable bears what appears to
have been the pedestal of a cross. The south
front and east end are covered with ivy. The
stone used in the walls is unusually hard, and
supposed to have been brought from a distance,
as we were informed there is no quarry in the
neighbourhood whence it can have been procured.
The principal entrance is from the west, be
neath a window of three lights with cinque-foiled
heads under a circular arch. On the apex ofthe
gable at the east end of the nave is a small tur
ret, which, if not originally intended as an- orna
mental appendage to the roof, may have been
built for the Sancte^bell or Mass-bell.* The
parapets ofthe nave and chancel are battlement-
ed. The walls of the nave are hung with boards
inscribed with texts of Scripture.f Over the
* Variously termed Sancte-bell, Sacring-bell, Mass-bell, Saints'-bell,
Saunce, Sac-ringe ; it was rung " when the priest came to those words of
the mass ' Sancte, Sancte, Sancte, Deus Sabaoth,' that all persons who
were absent might fall on their knees in reverence of the holy office which
was then going on in the church." »
" These small turrets frequently remain, and are generally very elegant
and ornamental, but it is rare to find the bell still remaining in its origU
nal position ; this is however the case at Long Compton, Warwickshire,
and in the same neighbourhood, at Halford, Whickford, Sutton, and
Brailes ; but in the two latter instances the bell-frame is a modern wooden
erection, though in its original position : in all these cases the bell-rope
hangs down just within the entrance of the chancel, and is fastened on
one side of the chancel arch : the bell is still in use, though for a some
what different purpose, being used as the little bell to announce the arrival
of the clergyman. The bell-frame very frequently remains in its original
position on the apex ofthe eastern gable of the nave, which is usually
somewhat higher than the chancel."
t The introduction.of such inscriptions is of great antiquity. Few,
however, now remain that have not been placed in our churches since
the practice was enjoined by the eighty-second canon.
2 F

222 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
western door is a gallery containing an organ.
The nave is lighted by square-headed windows
of two lights. The north door is walled up.
The pulpit and reading-desk are placed under
the chancel arch, on the south side, leaving the
whole interior exposed to view.
The walls of the chancel are nearly covered
by monuments to the family of the Penningtons,
ancestors of the present Lord Muncaster : many
of which were placed here by John, first Lord
Muncaster. The chancel is lighted by an east
window, and three on the south side, of two round
headed lights each, under square dripstones.
The east window is the largest in the church : it
is a perpendicular one, of three lights, with a
battlemented transom, under a circular head,
with a dripstone terminating in two shields, one
of which is charged with the arms ofthe Penning
tons, the other,  The north door is a
'ancet arch, under a very bold dripstone ; that
on the south side is walled up. There is a small
painting over the altar. Lord Muncaster's pew
is on the north side ofthe chancel.
The following inscriptions (with four others
illegible) to the memory of the ancestors of
Lord Muncaster, are in the church.
A brass plate bears the following inscrip
tion — En memorg of
afflltll ire periston son of g>it jjorjn ire ^pennton
son of ggr fflSatllm. tie foeiroeo ffiltjaliettj irauotjter
of Ctjos. ire jUSuIton ire ffiaremont ;
je teas tjeireir &g Ijts sonne Sir aian ire ^engton
tofjo toeooeir liialfjarinc lie Preston
1390.

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 223
Another is thus inscribed —
^prag for ttje souls of
£>gr 323illiam prmngton Snigfjt ano
jfrances ^aatane fjt's toife ngaft>
feinnrtr tooman unto CTtjarlra irufte of Suffolfcc
1533.
On another —
In memory of WILLIAM PENYNGTON Arm*
whose first wife was Joan Wharton daughter of Thos. Lord Wharton
His second wife was dame Bridget Askew
Daughter of Sir John Huddlestone
By whom he had 3 sons Joseph John and Willm
Willm Penyngton and all his tried Horsemen were called out
upon service ofthe Borders 1543.
Quorum animabus propitietur Deus.
Amen.
A square freestone bears this inscription —
IScrc Iicth cntombcB
SYTR $®W8 ViE^SWffi®©^ sone ot 3!ohn Hhngngtone
anU laabell Boghter of 3ohn broughton, ffiranBrfnlB of ge Sgr 3ohn
fobo ressebeb holge "Singe "Ejarcge at JWoItastre
3§e toeBBeB Bame Sane ©gle aaeBBotoe of Sgr Robert ©gle
be mas a braube ffiapitcn anB toifh the lEile Surrie teliebeB jftorbam Caatell
XVS. geres attgr he stoutelfe heaBeB bis soulBfera at floBBen fielB
BieB JWBXiTEHE.
fits {({ gones toere Joint, ?llan, anB EffltHfam.
Ertb goutb upon lEarth as moIB upon moIB
lErfh goutb upon lEarth as glgsiermg in golB
^ts thogh ertb to erfh net turn shoIB
3nB get must ertb to ertb sooner than be moIB.
On another —
To the memory of JOSEPH PENINGTON Aem»
son of William and Katharine Penington.
He married Margaret Fleetwood,
leaving one son William an Infant,
died 1658.
2 f 2

224 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
On a freestone slab —
Here lieth the remains of JOSEPH PENINGTON, Esq.
and DAME ISABELL SAVILL
He was a benefactor to this Parish leaving by will a sum
of money to remane continue and be
as a Stocke for releifebf the poore ofthe Parish
to be bestowed and employed in maner and forme following,
that is to say, my will and mind is that the same be bestowed
in loaves of Bread to be weeklie dealt,
twelve loaves every Sundaie throughout
the whole yeare to the poOre of the said parish.
He bequeathed the like to the Parish of Drigg.
To him King James granted the Church of Muncaster. died 1641.
Vivit post funera virtus.
On a freestone slab —
To the memory of
WILLIAM PENNINGTON Esqr
Eldest son of Joseph Pennington Esqr
and Dame Isabell Savill
He married Katharine Sherbourne
He left 4 sons
Joseph Alan Richard and Will™
and 4 daughters Isabell Katharine Elizabeth and Bridget.
died about 1652.
On another —
©f goure Cljertttepretje for trje Satof of
£>gr Boffti ire f?engttgton Sonne of J>gr aian ire iBengnnton torja
Ijairae to agBgfe eifjabetlj ifofa'fer of ^ur^trljoKire aaaBtliffe
Be itertrjenttoater a tooman of noble bloire gte J>gr gotjn
rejtee&eir fiolte Kjmcre $?arrge fotjgrfje txmsi igenrg ge JSrtjrtt) at
^KoIraStrei461itBnp;e|§arrgeBat)e^tr3otJH a braube toorSgc
<®Iaft»e ©tippe, tottrj IjtjS ittoir before gattoljgngS tlje
famglte gtjoltr&eep Ijtt tmbrec&en tTjetSbolB aretelge ttjrff
Jnrjijrtje Cuppe ii ftalleir flje luclteof JflolrajStre
3§e inatf a arete Captain onii rjeireo flje left totntje of tije armte
aflagn? tije ^rottteS ) fcrljgUeg «Me of JJoittjumberlanir fKtteir
ttje magne fioirte.

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 225
Another is thus inscribed —
To the memory of
SYR JOHN PENYNGTON Kt.
second son of William Penyngton Armr
One of the Gentlemen in ordinary of his Majesty's
privy chamber Governor and Captain of Sandown Castle
in Kent and vice Admiral of his Majesty's fleet to maintain the
sovereignty of the British seas
Sir John Penington was a man of great courage openness
and generosity and what heightened every one of his
virtues of uncommon piety he was appointed by the
King 1642 Lord High Admiral
The parliament strongly invited him to enter into their service
but he never could be prevailed upon
to serve against the king
Ob Sep' 1646.
A marble tablet is thus inscribed —
Near this place
lieth the body of
CAPTAIN PHILIP PENNINGTON
younger son of
Sr William Pennington Baron
of Muncaster 1731.
On another —
Here lies interred the body of the most worthy friend and patriot
SIR JOSEPH PENNINGTON Bart oi Muncaster
who died much lamented 1743 the 67 of his age
Member in Parliament
For the County of Cumberland
He married the Honourable Margaret Lowther
Sister to the right Honourable
The Lord Viscount Lonsdale.
On another — Near this place
are deposited the bodys of
SYR WILLIAM PENNINGTON Baronet
and DAME ISABELL his wife
to whose memory this is inscribed
by their dutiful eldest son I. P. 1731.

226 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
On a freestone slab —
Here lieth the body of ELIZABETH STAPLETON wife to John
Stapleton of Wartor Esqr. Daughter to Sir Wilfrid Lawson of Isell
who departed this life the fifteenth day of September, in the year of our
Lord God 1677.
On a marble slab — In memory of
SYR JOHN PENNINGTON Bart.
who succeeded his Father Syr Joseph Pennington Bart.
as member for the County of Cumberland 1744
He represented the said County in the 3 successive parliaments
He was Lord Lieutenant and Custos Rotulorum of
the county of Westmoreland
died 1768.
On another —
GAMEL DE PENNINGTON
Son of John Lord Muncaster and Penelope
his wife
Born 1st July 1780
Departed this life 9 Feby. 1788.
Yes thou art fled, and Saints a welcome sing
Thine infant spirit soars on Angel wing
Our dark affection led to hope thy stay
The voice of God has called his child away
Like Samuel early in the temple found
Sweet rose of Sharon plant of holy ground
Aye, and as Samuel blest to thee tis given
The God he served on earth to serve in Heaven.
On a marble tablet —
Near the Altar
PENELOPE
The dearly beloved daughter of John
and his incomparable wife
Penelope
April 23, 1811
A marble tablet bears this inscription to the
memory of the lady of the first Lord Muncaster,
who lost her life by an accidental fall : —

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 227
Johannes Conjugi Incomparabili
To the memory of
PENELOPE
One of the very best of Wives
One of the very best of Mothers
One of the very best of Women
Who met her melancholy fate
in the house of
One of the very best of Friends
at Copgrove near Knaresboro' Yorkshire
Where she departed this life
Upon the 15 of November 1806
Aged 62
Expressing
Her fullest hope of a blessed Resurrection.
On another — In memory of
SIR JOHN PENNINGTON BAR* LORD MUNCASTER
In whose Character were eminently distinguished
The virtues of a Christian,
Patriot, Husband, Father, Friend,
He lived the life of the righteous
and now that time hath led him to his end
Goodness and He fill up one monument
He died Member for the County of Westmoreland
on the 8th day of Oct* 1813 aged 76.
The following inscription, on a marble tablet,
is the only one in the nave : —
Memento mori
THE REV. THOMAS POOLE
of
Cropplehow in this Parish died
July 31. 1766 aged 73 years
MARY POOLE his wife died June 9. 1760 aged 63 years.
JOHN POOLE Esqr their son
died on Sunday December 22 — 1805
aged 67 years
Sic transeunt
mortales.

228 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
On the south side of the church-yard, is an
ancient cross,* four feet nine inches high, and
ornamented with guilloches. Near it are two
venerable yew-trees which have survived the
storms of several hundred winters.
Pennington, Lord Muncaster.
Arms : — Or, five fusils in fess azure.
Crest: — On a wreath, a cat-a-mountain, passant guardant,
proper. Supporters: — On the dexter side, a lion guardant, proper,
chaged on the breast with an oak branch, vert ; and on the
sinister side, a horse reguardant, proper, bridled, or.
Motto: — Amor vincit patriae.
This ancient family took their name from Pennington, in
Furness, Lancashire, where they resided until about the year
1242, and where " there is still visible the foundation of a
square building, called the Castle, near the centre of the
vill. . . . Here the family of Pennington resided before the
Conquest."! " The first ancestor of this family, that occurs after the
Conquest, is Gamel de Pennington, aperson ofgreat note and
property.''^ From him descended another Gamel, who had
two sons, Meldred and Gamel. In the reign of King John,
Jocelin de Pennington, of this family was abbot of Furness :
he was eminent for learning, and obtained from the pope
some special privileges for his abbey. " The next that
occurs is Benedict§ de Pennington : he was father of another
Gamel, and gave the church pf Molcastre (Muncaster) and
the chapel of Aldeburg to the hospital of Conishead. The
same Benedict|| and Meldred, his brother, with consent of
their heirs, gave to the abbey of Furness, Skeldon Moor.
Alan, son of Alan de Pennington, gave to the hospital of
Conishead, after it was erected into a priory, an acre of land
in Overton (Orton) in Westmorland ; and after that, Gamel
de Pennington gave, to the priory of Conishead, the church
of Pennington, with appurtenances ; and confirmed the grant
* Engraved in Lysons's Magna Britannia.
t West's Furness. % Ibid. § Monast. Ang.
|| Dodsworth's MS,

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 223
of the church of Muncaster from Benedict de Pennington;
and also gave the church of Whitbeck and Skeroverton,
(Orton) and Pulton to the said priory. These benefactors
flourished between the beginning ofthe reign of king Henry
III. and the first of king Edward III. The hospital of Con
ishead was founded by the third William de Lancaster,
eighth baron of Kendal, in the reign of king Henry IIL
and the foundation was confirmed by king Edward II. which
sufficiently proves the time of their occurrence.
" Alan* de Pennington, knt. is witness to the grant of five
hides of land from Elizabeth, late wife of Sir Eichard le
Fleming, to the abbey of Furness, A. D. 1254.
" Alan-f- de Pennington, knt. had a dispute with the monks
of Furness, about land which laid to the high road that leads
from Pennington to Kirkby Ireleth, in the reign of king
Henry III. A. D. 1278, Sir AlanJ de Pennington is witness
to a grant from Gilbert de Bardesey to the Monks. 33 Hen,
III. Agnes, daughter of Sir John de  late wife of T. de
Pennington, came to an agreement with the abbot of Furness
concerning some land in dispute. The same Agnes, § A. D.
1254, released to the abbot of Furness the marriage of her
children, by T. Pennington, son and heir of Alan de Pen->
nington. Hence it appears, that T. de Pennington died before
his father; and the Alan, who occurs in the reign of Edw. I.
was the son of Thomas, and succeeded his grandfather Sir
Alan. "William|| de Pennington, A.D. 131 8, made an agreement
with the abbot of Furness for the suit and service of his
manor of Pennington."
This pedigree, as given by West, differs from that in
Nicolson and Burn ; they give it as follows ; —
Gamel de Pennington, temp. Henry II. gave the churches
of Mulcaster, Penington, Whitbeck, and of Orton in West
morland, to the priory of Conishead; which grant was con*
firmed by Edward II. in the 12th year of his reign. His son,
Benedict, had several children. Alan, son of Alan, son of
Benedict, granted lands at Orton aforesaid to his uncle
Simon, son of the said Benedict: but according to their
family pedigree, (after the death of an elder son Robert,)
he was succeeded by his son David, father of John, father of
Alan, to whom Richard Lucy, as is hereafter mentioned, in
the reign of King John, granted the fee of Ravenglass.
• Dodsworlh's MS. f Ibid, t H>id- } N>id. II H>i&
2 G

230 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Thomas, son of Alan ; Alan, son of Thomas ; John, son of
Alan, of whom mention is made in the 21st Edward I.
William, son of John. Thus far Nicolson and Burn.*
Of this family was Sir John Pennington, knight, son of
Sir Alan, who was steadily attached to the unfortunate
monarch, Henry VI., whom he had the honor of entertaining
at Muncaster castle, in his flight from the Yorkists.^ In
acknowledgement of the protection he had received, the
king presented his host with a curious glass cup (which is
still preserved at the castle, see page 216) with a prayer that
the family should ever prosper, and never want a male heir,
so long as they preserved it unbroken : hence the cup was
called " the luck of Muncaster." Sir John is said to have
been a distinguished military character, and to have com
manded the left wing of the English army in an expedition
against Scotland.}:
• The pedigrees of this family do not agree in the earlier part ; nor do
the monumental inscriptions in the church, many of which were erected
by tho first Lord Muncaster, correspond with any account of the family
which I have met with. I have therefore preferred giving an incomplete
rather than an inaccurate pedigree. The monumental inscriptions to thi a
family are given in a preceding part of this volume, pages 222 to 227.
f This event is supposed to have taken place in 1461 : and that date is
assigned to it in a picture at Muncaster castle, as also on the monument
erected to the memory of Sir John Pennington, in the chancel of the
church of Muncaster. That monument, however, has been recently
erected. It is a well-known fact that after the battle of Towton, which
was fought on Palm Sunday, 29th March, 1461, terminating in favor of
the Yorkists, Henry VI. took flight into Scotland. We have no evidence
that he was then received here, neither on his journey northward, nor on
his return. It appears to be equally probable that Henry was here after
the battle of Hexham, 14th May, 1463, when his troops sustained another
defeat, and " Henry owed his safety to the swiftness of his steed."
Hume says, " some of his friends took him under their protection, and
conveyed him into Lancashire ; where he remained concealed during a
twelvemonth." This unfortunate monarch was also concealed for some
time al Bolton-hall, in Yorkshire, see Gent. Mag. May and June, 1841.
J His grandson, Sir John Pennington, was in the battle of^Flodden-
field, (see p. 223 ;) another descendant of the same name, was admiral
to King Charles I., and much trusted by that monarch in naval affairs.

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 231
John* Pennington, Esq. his son, married Mary, daugh
ter of Sir John Hudleston; on which marriage in the 23rd
Edward IV. the estate was settled upon the issue male. Aud
he having only a daughter Isabel, married to Thomas Dykes,
of Warthole, Esquire, the estate came to the second brother,
William Pennington, Esq., who was succeeded by
Joseph Pennington, Esq,, son and heir.
Sir William Pennington, knight, son and heir, mar^
ried Isabel, daughter of John Farrington, of Warden, in
Lancashire, Esq., with whom he had the manor of Farring
ton. On an inquisition of knights' fees in Cumberland, in
the 35th Henry VIII., it is found that this Sir William held
the manor of Muncaster of the king as of his castle of Egre
mont, by the service of the sixth part of one knight's fee,
rendering to the king yearly for seawake I2d., and the pu*
ture of two Serjeants ; and that he held the hamlet of Raven
glass in like manner, by homage and fealty, and the service
ofthe 17th part of one knight's fee, and puture of Serjeants
as above.
Joseph Pennington, Esq., married Margaret, daughter
of John Fleetwood, of Penwortham, co. Lancaster, Esq. He
was succeeded by his son and heir,*
Sir William Pennington, first Baronet, so created 21st
June, 28th Charles II., 1676. He married Isabel, eldest
daughter of John Stapleton, of Warter, co. York, Esq., (son
of Sir Philip Stapleton, knight,) with whom the manor of
Warter came to the Penningtcns. He had issue,
Sir Joseph, 2nd baronet.
Philip, died 1731, without issue.
Elizabeth, married, firstly, John Archer, of Oxenholme,
co. Westmorland, Esq. ; and secondly, Thomas
Strickland, of'Sizergh, in the same county, Esq.
Margaret.
Sir William died 1st July, 1730, when he was succeeded by
his son,
Sir Joseph Pennington, second Baronet, who married the
* Among the gentry of the county of Cumberland who were chosen
by Charles II. to be invested with the projected Order of the Royal Oak
appears the name of William Pennington, Esq.
2 g 2

232 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Hon. Margaret Lowther, daughter of John, Viscount Lons
dale. By her (who died 1738) he had issue,
John, 3rd baronet.
Joseph, 4th baronet.
Katherine, married, 1731, Robert Lowther, Esq.,
governor of Barbadoes, father of James, first Earl of
Lonsdale.
Sir Joseph represented the county of Cumberland in two
parliaments. He died in 1743, and was succeeded by his
eldest son.
Sir John Pennington, third Baronet, eldest son and heir,
was lord-lieutenant and custos-rotulorum of the county of
Westmorland ; and knight of the shire for the county of
Cumberland, in three parliaments. Sir John died unmarried,
in 1768, when he was succeeded in the title and estates by
his brother,
Sir Joseph Pennington, fourth Baronet, married to Sarah,
daughter and sole heiress of John Moore, Esq., by whom he
had three sons and three daughters : —
John, his successor.
Joseph.
Lowther, 2nd baron.
Jane.

Katherine, married Humphrey Brookes Osbaldiston, of
Hunmanby, co. York, Esq.
He died in 1773, and was succeeded by his eldest son,
Sir John Pennington, fifth Baronet, who was created a
peer of Ireland, 21st October, 1783, as Baron Muncaster,
with remainder to his brother, Lowther Pennington, Esq.
His lordship was the author of " Historical Sketches of the
Slave Trade, and its Effects in Africa," 8vo. 1792; he nearly
rebuilt Muncaster castle, greatly improved the park, and put
up a series of memorials of his family in the chancel of the
church of Muncaster, (see pages 222 to 227.) He repre
sented the county of Westmorland in several parliaments.
His lordship married Penelope daughter and coheiress of
James Compton, Esq., a lineal descendant of the Earls of
Northampton, (who died in 1806*) by whom he had issue,
• This lady died in consequence of a fall received while her noble
husband was contesting the county of Westmorland.

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 233
Gamel, } ,. ,
Ann Jane Penelope, ^ young.
Maria-Frances-Margaret, married, 1811, the Hon. James
Lindsay, afterwards Earl of Balcarres.
His lordship died at Muncaster castle, 8th October, 1813,
and was buried in the church of Muncaster. Leaving no
male issue, the peerage devolved, according to the limita
tion, upon his brother,
Lowther, second Baron Muncaster and sixth Baronet, a
general officer in the army, and colonel of one of the royal
veteran battalions. His lordship, while a commoner, married
in 1802, Esther, second daughter of Thomas Barry, Esq.,
of Clapham, co. Surrey, and widow of James Morrison, Esq.,
by whom (who died in 1827) he left at his decease an only
son, his successor. His lordship died in London, 29th July,
1818, after a lingering illness, aged 73.
Lowther-Augustus-John, third Baron Muncaster and
seventh Baronet, succeeded, while a minor, to the title and
estates on the death of his noble father, the late lord. His
lordship was born 14th December, 1802 ; and married in
1828, Frances-Catherine, youngest daughter of Sir John
Ramsden, of Byrom, co. York, Bart., by whom he had issue,
Fanny Caroline, baptized August 26, 1829.
Gamel Augustus, born December 3rd, 1831.
Joslyn Francis de Pennington, born December 25th,
1834.
Alan Joseph, born April 5th, 1837.
Louisa Theodosia, baptized July 17th, 1838.
His lordship died in 1838, aged 35, and was succeeded by
his eldest son,
Gamel Augustus, fourth Baron Muncaster, and eighth
Baronet, was born 3rd December, 1831, and is consequently
a minor.
Mulcaster of Muncaster.

The Messrs. Lysons say this was a younger
branch of the Penningtons of this parish. Some
of the family were sheriffs of Cumberland in the
reigns of Edward I. and III. and members for

234 allerdale ward, above derwent.
Carlisle in the reign of Richard II. and in that
of Queen Elizabeth ; one of this family married
a coheiress of Tilliol. Richard Mulcaster, a
native of Carlisle, was the first master of Merchant-
Taylors' school, and afterwards upper master of
St. Paul's. Arms : — Barry of six,arg. and gules,
over all a bend, azure. Ravenglass.
Ravenglass is a small sea-port and market-town,
about sixteen miles S.S.E. from Whitehaven, situ
ated on a small creek, into which flow the rivers
Mite, Esk, and Irt.
Camden says, it was supposed to have been
called anciently Aven glass, or the blue river, and
that there were current in his time "many stories
about King Eveling, who had a palace here."
Nicolson and Burn derive the name from the
Irish renigh fern, and glass green, meaning " a
green of ferns."
Ravenglass appears from Mr. Sandford's MS.
to have been of old a place of some importance
as a fishing-town : that worthy gentleman appears
in this case to have indulged in a little exaggera
tion. — He says, here were " some salmons and
all sorts of fish in plenty : but the greatest plenty
of herrings fresh [it] is a daintye fish of a foot
long ; and so plenteous a fishing thereof and in
the sea betwixt and the ile of man, as they lye in
sholes together so thike in the sea at spawning,
about August, as a ship cannot pass thorow : and
the fishers go from all the coast to catch them."
Mr. John Denton's account of Ravenglass is as
follows : — " Ravenglass, now a village, anciently

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 235
a green of ferns (corruptly called of two Irish
words, Rainigh Fernsald, Glass Green) was
anciently another fee of Egremont. It stands at
the foot of Esk, where, by King John's grant,
made to Richard Lucy, then Lord of Egremont
(dated the tenth year of that king's reign) was
kept a market and a fair yearly, in right of the
haven there, by the lords of Egremont, as lords
paramount : and the same Richard Lucy, in the
same year, confirmed by fine, levied to the mesne
lords, and terr-tenants, all the land and fee of
Ravenglass, namely to Alan Pennington, William
Fitz Hugh, and Roger Fitz Edward, to hold the
same of the said William and his heirs, and gave
them, moreover, estovers, to make their fish-
garths in the river Esk, which is continued to
this day ; the Penningtons have long enjoyed
the manor, and other lands there near ad
joining." King John granted to Richard de Lucy, as lord
paramount, a yearly fair* to be held here on St.
James* day and a weekly market every Saturday.
But the said Richard Lucy the same year, by fine
levied to Alan Pennington, confirmed to him as
mesne lord and his tenants all the land and fee
of Ravenglass, to hold to him and his heirs,
with estovers to make fish garths in the river
Esk.f Until of late years the fair was attended by
some singular circumstances, which had been
observed in all probability from the period when
• Rot. Cart. 10 John, n. 27. — Lysons. Nicolson and Bum say tho
fair was granted for St. George's day (April 23,) and the market fox
Friday. f Nicolson and Bum.

236 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the fair was granted. Nicolson and Bum say—
" at present, the earl of Egremont holds the fair
of Ravenglass on the eve, day, and morrow of St.
James. On the first of these days in the morn
ing, the lord's officer at proclaiming the fair, is
attended by the Serjeants of the bow of Egre
mont, with the insignia, belonging thereto ; and
all the tenants of the forest of Copeland owe a
customary service to meet the lord's officer at
Ravenglass to proclaim the fair, and abide with
him during the continuance thereof; and for
sustentation of their horses, they have two swaiths
of grass in the common field of Ravenglass in a
place set out for that purpose. On the third
day at noon, the earl's officer discharges the fair
by proclamation; immediately whereupon the
Penningtons and their tenants take possession of
the town, and have races and other divertisements
during the remainder of the day."*
Mr. Sandford speaks of it as " a grand fair of
three dayes long at St, James' time, for all sortes
of cattle especially, and all other commodities
from Ireland, Isle of Man, and Scotland." Oysters
are found along the coast, but they are not very
numerous. Other shell-fish, such as mussels and
cockles, are more plentiful, and many salmon and
morts are caught in the season by a fisherman
from Scotland, bearing the significant name of
Walter Scot, who rents what is called the Har
bour-mouth fishery, from Major-General Wynd
ham. The shipping trade of this port is very incon
siderable : it consists chiefly in exporting coast-
/*
• Nicolson and Bum.

PARISH OF MUNCASTER. 237
wise, spars, wooden hoops, corn, flour, oysters,
oatmeal, and bacon.. It is expected that iron
ore from Eskdale and Corney will shortly be
shipped here : the company have advertised for
carting. The imports consist chiefly of coals for
the neighbourhood, a few cargoes of foreign grain,
and merchant goods. There is only one vessel
belonging to the port — a small sloop, the Duchess
of Leinster. On the bar at the mouth of the
harbour or creek there are 22 feet of water in
spring tides, and 12 feet at neap tides.
John, Lord Muncaster, in 1796 procured a
charter for two weekly markets at Ravenglass, on
Wednesday and Friday, and three fairs for one
day each, 11th March, 14th April, and 12th
October. These are at present unattended.
Two ancient fairs for horses and horned cattle
are still held ; one on the 8th of June, belonging
to Edward Stanley, Esq. M.P. of Ponsonby-hall ;
the other on the 5th of August (the festival of
St. James, O.S.) to Major-General Wyndham.
There is also a cattle-fair on the 6th of May.
The market is held on Friday. The ancient
custom of riding the fair is occasionally observed
by the tenants of Major-General Wyndham, on
the 8th of June. Some of the steps of the mar
ket-cross are yet remaining in the street.
Charities.
The School. — This school was founded by
Richard Brookbank, who endowed it with the
interest of 160/. It subsequently received an
augmentation from Sir William Pennington.
Both of these benefactions, however, have been
2 H

238 allerdale ward, above derwent.
lost ; and the school has now no endowment.
The present master is the Rev. Joseph Taylor,
B.A., the assistant curate of the parish.
There is a poor stock of 23/. belonging to this
parish. Many benefactions were lost on the
death of John, Lord Muncaster. Twelve penny
loaves were distributed in the church, every Sun
day, to the poor of the parish, in pursuance of
the will of one of his ancestors, Joseph Penning
ton, Esq. who died in 1641. This charity is now
given in one loaf to one poor person, each Sun
day throughout the year : but the like bequest
to the parish of Drigg has been discontinued.

snfje Cartel) of fflsaorfcingtom

[HE parish of Workington
1 contains the five townships
of Workington, Winscales,
Stainburn, Great Clifton,
and Little Clifton. The
two latter are not in the
Ward of Allerdale above
J Derwent, but are included
in the newly-formed Der
went Ward. This parish
contains about nine square miles : it is bounded
on the west by the Irish Sea ; on the south, by
Harrington ; on the east, by the Maron, which
divides it from the parishes of Brigham and
Dean, in Derwent Ward ; and on the north, by
the Derwent, which divides it from the parish of
Cammerton in the same Ward. The townships
of Workington and Winscales have been enclo
sed in pursuance of an act of parliament passed in
1809. Allotments of land were made to the
rector, to John Christian Curwen, Esq., as lord
of the manor, and to the latter and Thomas
Harrison, Esq. for a certain portion of tithes in
Winscales. In 1812, an act passed to enclose
the township of Stainburn, and in 1814 another
for enclosing those of Great and Little Clifton.
Under both these acts allotments of land were
given in lieu of tithes.
2 h 2

240 ALLERDALE ward, above derwent.
The Messrs Lysons state that ofthe inhabitants
buried here, before the year 1816, about one in
thirteen were aged from 80 to 89 inclusive ; and
about one in one hundred and sixteen were aged
from 90 to 99 inclusive. This shews a remark
able contrast to the returns from other parishes
in the county, as enumerated by them, {Magna
Britannia, iv. p. xlvi.) ; although it presents a
very favourable account of the salubrity of this
parish when compared with the general average
proportion of those who attain the age of 80, which
is said to be only one in thirty-two ; and in Lon
don, one in forty.
There is a considerable salmon-fishery in the
Derwent, belonging the Earl of Lonsdale, which
extends from Workington harbour to Bassen-
thwaite lake. Henry Curwen, Esq., of Working-
ton-hall, has the draught at the mouth of the
harbour and to the Merchant's Quay. The cause
between the Earl of Lonsdale and Mr. Curwen,
respecting the right of fishing in the Derwent,
was tried at Carlisle assizes, in the year 1807,
and was finally determined in favour of his lord
ship. A correspondent in Hutchinson's Cum
berland gives the following curious account of
salmon-hunting. " The salmon hunter is armed
with a spear of three points, barbed, having a
shaft fifteen feet in length. When the fish is
left by the tide, intercepted by shallows, or sand
banks, near the mouth of the river, or at any
inlets on the shore, where the water remains
from one foot to four feet in depth, or when their
passage is obstructed by nets, they shew where
they lie by the agitation of the pool : when my
horse is going at a swift trot, or a moderate gal-

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 241
lop, belly deep in the water, I make ready my
spear with both hands, and at the same time
hold the bridle : when I overtake the salmon, I
let go one hand, and with the other strike with
the spear, and seldom miss my stroke, but kill
my fish ; then with a turn of my hand I raise
the salmon to the surface of the water, turn my
horse's head the readiest way to shore, and so
run the salmon on to dry land without dismount
ing. In the fishery I am establishing at Work
ington, in the proper season, by different modes,
I can kill, one day with another, one hundred
salmon a day ; methods of my own invention I
intend to put in practice, which never were
practised before in any part of the world ; I have
tried them, and they answer, and when known,
they may become a public good. I can take the
fish up at sea in ten fathom water. A man, in the
ordinary way of salmon hunting, well mounted,
may kill forty or fifty in a day ; ten salmon is not
a despicable day's work for a man and a horse.
My father was the first man, I ever heard of, who
could kill salmon on horseback."
Camden mentions Workington as being "famous
for the salmon fishery"; and Mr. Thomas Denton,
writing about 1688, says, "the famous salmon
fishing here (mentioned in Camden) is worth
300/. per annum ; three hundred of those great
fishes having been frequently taken at a draught."
The fish have not been so plentiful of late years;
the fishery is now worth only about one-third of
what it was formerly.
Good durable stone for. building is quarried
about a mile from the town, and limestone is
plentiful at a distance of two miles. But the

242 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
principal mineral is coal, on which the prosperity
of the town has hitherto depended. The collieries
on the estate of the Earl of Lonsdale have not
been worked for half a century. About the year
1792 there were nine pits in this parish belonging
to John Christian Curwen, Esq. M.P., and five to
Mr. Walker, as agent to the trustees of Anthony
Bacon, Esq. M.P. of London. The daily ship
ments averaged about 150 waggons each day;
two-thirds of which were shipped by Mr. Curwen ;
each waggon containing three English tons,
charged to the owner of the vessel ten shillings
and sixpence. The pits were described as "from
forty to ninety fathoms in depth, having generally
two or three workable bands ; the first, three
feet ; the second, four feet ; and the third from
ten to eleven feet : the roofs of the two former
vary ; that of the main coal is of the finest
white free-stone, generally twenty yards in thick
ness." Mr. Curwen had then recently erected
six steam-engines, which were employed in wind
ing up coals and pumping water ; and the number
of persons employed was between 500 and 600.
For the five years ending with 1813, the aver
age of the annual exports from the Workington
collieries belonging to Mr. Curwen was about
28,000 waggon-loads. About the year 1816,
Mr. Curwen had only four pits in working, in
which about 400 persons were employed. Ten
years later, 200,000 tons were annually shipped
from the collieries of Mr. Curwen, Mr. John Flet
cher, and Mr. Thomas Westray.
In the year 1837, there were 15,734 waggon-
loads (each containing 48 cwt.) shipped at
Workington from the coal mines of Henry Curr

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 243
wen, Esq. In that year the workings in three
of the mines were suspended in consequence of
an irruption of the sea. Since that period new
borings have been made.
In the fields between Workington and Harring
ton, about a mile from the former town, is an
ancient roofless building, generally known as the
Old Chapel, and called by mariners How Michael.
Pennant mentions having noticed " on an emi
nence near the sea, a small tower, called Holme-
Chapel, said to have been built as a watch-tower,
to mark the motions of the Scots in their naval
inroads :" but it is much more probable that it
has been, as its name imports, the chantry chapel
which was granted (with some land) by Queen
Elizabeth, in the 17th year of her reign, to Per-
cival Gunson and John Soukey, and described as
"three acres of land called Chapel Flatt, in
Workington, and also one chapel, together with
one acre of land there." There is a tradition that
the sea formerly flowed round this building. The
masonry is rude : the ground floor is arched ; and
a narrow winding staircase, sufficient only for the
passage of one person, leads to the upper floor.
The windows are narrow loopholes, excepting
two on the land side, which are of larger dimen
sion, but destitute of all ornament. The building
is useful to mariners as a land-mark ; from its
conspicuous situation on a high land near the
shore it forms a prominent object along the coast.
Workington Hall.
Workington Hall, the seat of Henry Curwen,
Esq., is situated on the summit of a wooded

244 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
acclivity overlooking the Derwent and the Irish
Sea. The old mansion, of which there are scarcely
any traces, was castellated pursuant to the royal
licence, granted by Richard II. in 1379, to Sir
Gilbert de Culwen.* Camden speaks of Work
ington as "the seat of the antient knightly family
of the Curwens, who derive their descent from
Gospatric earl of Northumberland, and took their
surname by agreement from Culwen, a family of
Galloway, whose heir they married. They have
a noble mansion like a castle, and from them, if
I may be allowed to mention it without the im
putation of vanity, I derive my descent by the
mother's side." Mr. Gough adds: — "the mansion-
house is a large quadrangular building, which
still bears marks of great antiquity, notwithstand
ing various alterations and improvements, which
have been made during the last thirty years.
The walls are so remarkably thick, that they
were able, a few years since, in making some im
provements, to excavate a passage sufficiently
wide lengthways through one of the walls, leaving
a proper thickness on each side of the passage,
to answer every purpose of strength."
Mary, Queen of Scots, landed at a short distance
from the hall, on Sunday, May 16, 1568, and
was hospitably entertained here by Sir Henry
Curwen, until she took her departure for Cocker
mouth on her route to Carlisle. On the following
day she wrote a letter (in French) to Queen
Elizabeth, of which a translation is given in the
subjoined note.f Mr. Gough, in his additions to
* Pat. Rot. 3 Richard II. — Lysons.
t MADAM, MY GOOD SISTER,
I believe you are not ignorant, how long certain of my subjeets, who

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 245
Camden, says, " the chamber in which she slept
from the least of my kingdom I have raised to be the first, have taken
upon themselves to involve me in trouble, and to do what it appears they
had in view from the first. You know how they purposed to seize me
and the late King my husband, from which attempt it pleased God to
protect us, and to permit us to expel them from the country, where, at
your request, I again, afterwards, received them ; though, on their return,
they committed another crime, that of holding me a prisoner, and killing
in my presence a servant of mine,' I being at the time in a state of preg
nancy. It again pleased God, that I should save myself from their hands;
and, as above said, I not only pardoned them, but even received them
into favour. They, however, not yet satisfied with so many acts of kind
ness, have, on the contrary, in spite of their promises, devised, favoured,
subscribed to, and aided in a crime, for the purpose of charging it falsely
upon me, as I hope fully to make you understand. They have under
this pretence arrayed themselves against me, accusing me of being ill
advised, and pretending a desire to see me delivered from bad counsels, in
order to point out to me the things that required reformation. I, feeling
myself innocent, and desirous to avoid the shedding of blood, placed myself
in their hands, wishing to reform what was amiss. They immediately
seized, and imprisoned me. When I upbraided them with a breach of
their promise, and requested to be informed why I was thus treated, they
all absented themselves. I demanded to be heard in Council, which was
refused me. In short, they have kept me without any servants, except
two women, a cook, and a surgeon; and they have threatened to kill me,
if I did not sign an abdication to my Crown, which the fear of immediate
death caused me to do, as I have since proved before the whole nobility,
of which I hope to afford you evidence.
After this they again laid hold of me ; and they have accused, and
proceeded against me in Parliament, without saying why, and without
hearing me ; forbidding at the same time, every advocate to plead for me ;
and compelling the rest to acquiesce in their unjust usurpation of my rights,
they have robbed me of every thing I had in the world; never permitting
me either to write, or to speak, in order that I might not contradict their
false inventions.
At last, it pleased God to deliver me, when they thought of putting me
to death that they might make more sure of their power, though I re
peatedly offered to answer any thing they had to say to me, and to join
them in the- punishment of those who should be guilty of any crime. la
2 i

246 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
at Workington-hall is still called the Queen's
chamber." A detail of the movements of Queen
short, it pleased God to deliver me, to the great content of all my subjects,
except Murray, Morton, the Humes, Glencarne, Mar, and Semple, to
whom, after that my whole nobility was come from all parts, I sent to say,
that notwithstanding their ingratitude and unjust cruelty employed against
me, I was willing to invite them to return to their duty, and to offer them
security of their lives and estates, and to hold a Parliament for the pur
pose of reforming every thing. I sent twice. They seized and imprisoned
my messengers, and made proclamation declaring all those persons" trai
tors who assisted me, and were guilty of this odious crime. I demanded
that they should name one of them, and that I would give him up, and
begged them at the same time to deliver to me such as should be named
to them. They seized upon my officer, and my proclamation. I sent to
demand a safe conduct for my Lord Boyd, in order to treat of an accom
modation, not wishing,' as far as I might be concerned, for any effusion
of blood. They refused, saying that those who had not been true to their
Regent, and to my son, whom they denominate King, should leave me,
and put themselves at their disposal : a thing at which the whole nobility
was greatly offended .
Seeing therefore that they were only a few individuals, and that my
nobility were more attached to me than ever, I was in hope that, in the
course of time, and under your favour, they would gradually be reduced;
and seeing that they said they would either retake me, or all die, I pro
ceeded toward Dumbarton, passing at the distance of two miles from them:
my nobility accompanying me, marching in order of battle between them
and me : which they seeing, sallied forth, and came to cut off my way
and take me. My people seeing this, and moved by that extreme malice
of my enemies, with a view to check their progress, encountered them
without order, so that, though they were twice their number, their sud
den advance caused to them so great a disadvantage that God has per
mitted them to be discomfited, and several killed and taken ; some of
them were cruelly killed, when taken on their retreat. The pursuit was
immediately interrupted, in order to take me on the way to Dumbarton ;
they stationed people in every direction, either to kill, or take me. But
God, through his infinite goodness, has preserved me ; and I escaped to
my Lord Herris's, who as well as other gentlemen have come with me
into your country, being assured that hearing of the cruelty of my enemies,
and how they have treated me, you will, conformably to your kind dis-

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 247
Mary in Cumberland is subjoined in the follow
ing note.*
position and the confidence 1 have in you, not only receive me for tho
safety of my life, but also aid and assist me in my just quarrel ; and I
shall solicit other Princes to do the same. I entreat you to send to fetch
me as soon as you possibly can, for I am in a pitiable condition not only
for a Queen, but for a gentlewoman ; for I have nothing in the world
but what I had on my person when I made my escape, travelling sixty
miles across the country the first day, and not having since ever ventured
to proceed except in the night, as I hope to declare before you if it pleases
you to have pity, as I trust you will, upon my extreme misfortune ; of
which I will forbear complaining, in order not to importune you, and to
pray God that he may give to you a happy state of health and long life,
and to me patience, and that consolation which I expect to receive from
You, to whom I present my humble commendations. From Workington,
the 17th of May. Your most faithful and affectionate good
sister and cousin, and escaped prisoner,
MARY, R.
Cotton. MS. — Ellis's Original Letters.
* After the disastrous battle of Langside, in 156S, Mary, Queen of
Scots, attended by the Lord Herries, and a small retinue of tried friends,
fled from the scene ofbattle. Lord Herries advised her Majesty to sail
for France, where she had many relations on whose kindness she might
rely. But Mary was unwilling to submit to the humiliation of appearing
as a fugitive where she had formerly shone in the splendour of majesty -
and she now indulged the hope that Elizabeth's animosity had given
place to kinder feelings. She therefore resolved to enter England, and
throw herself on the generosity of her rival. To this, Lord Herries,
and her other attendants, had the strongest objections ; but, notwith
standing their remonstrances, she desired his lordship to. write to the
Lord Warden at Carlisle, making enquiry if she would be received into
that city. Her impatience would not allow her to wait for a reply ; and
soon after the letter was despatched to Carlisle, Mary, and her train of
about twenty persons, embarked in a small fishing-boat, on Sunday,
May 16, and landed the same day at Workington. She thence proceed
ed to Cockermouth, where she was received by Henry Fletcher, Esq.
When her letter arrived at Carlisle, the Lord Warden was from home,
having appointed as his deputy, Mr. (afterwards Sir Richard) Lowther.
2 i 2

248 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Mr. Sandford* gives the following account of
the hall, written about the year 1676 : — "A fair
parke of fallow dear there, adjoining to the de
mesne lands of Workington, a very fair large
village, and fair haven, but not so much now
frequented with ships, the coleyery being decay
ed thereabout ; and a very fair church and par
sonage of 220/. per annum, and one Mr. Madison
now ther pastor. And a very fair mansion-house
and pallace-like ; a court of above 60 yards long,
and 40 yards broad, built round about ; garreted
turret-wise, and toores [towers] in the corner ; a
gate-house, and most wainscot and gallery roomes;
and the brave prospect of seas and ships almost
to the house, the tides flowing up. Brave orchards,
gardens, dove-coats, and woods and grounds in
the bank about, and brave corn-fields and meadows
below, as like as Chelsay fields. And now the
habitation of a brave yong Sq. his father Monsir
Edward Curwen, and his mother the grand-child
of Sir Michael Wharton o'th' Wolds in Yorkshire.
" Now let me tell you the family and pedegree
of this ancient great house [of] Chivilirs of Work
ington for five or six descents : my owne great-
great-grandmother being either sister or daughter
to Sir Tho : Curwen, Kt. in Henry the eight's
time  at  and went up with his
men to  that King Henry 8 at the disso
lution of Abbeys. And the King said to him,
"Curwen why doth thee begg none of thes Abbeys.
I wold gratifie the some way." Quoth the other,
Mary remained at Cockermouth until Mr. Lowther had assembled a body
of the gentry to escort her to the castle of Carlisle, in a manner becoming
her high birth. * MS. Dean and Chapter Library, Carlisle.

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 249
" I thank you." He afterwards said, "he wold
desire of him the Abbie of Ffurneis (nye unto him)
for 20 one years." Says the King, " Take it for
 " Quoth the other, "It is long enough,
for you'le set them up againe in time." But they
not hkely to be set up againe. This Sir Tho :
Curwen sent Mr. Preston, who had married his
daughter, to renew the lease for him ; and he
 it in his own name. Which when his
father-in-law questioned: quoth Mr. Preston,
" You shall have it as long as you live ; and I
think I may as well have it with your daughter
as an other." I think this Sir Harry Curwen's
wife was Fairfax, York.
" Then comes his sone and heir, old Sir Henry
Curwen, Kt. and heir of his gallantry, and with
Sir Symond Musgrave wear both knighted at the
progress of an English army into Scotland, and
brought away with him the iron-gate of a tower
Carlaverick castle, the house of Lord Maxwell,
and [it] is now the gate of a tower dower at
Workington. " Then comes his sone, Sir Nicolas Curwen,
married Sir Symond Musgrave daughter, and
Monsir Christopher Musgrave marries his sister,
the grandmother ofthe now noble Sir Philip Mus
grave, governor of the Carlisle castle, and citie
and garrison there, and protects the contry from
moss-troopers. "Then comes Sir Henry Curwen, p'lament
man for the county, and Patricius Curwen, his
sone and heir, and colonell in the late Royal ar-
mie and his brother, Cap. Eldred Curwen, father
of the now Monsir Curwen, in minority, Lord of
Workington."

250 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Mr. Denton, who wrote at about the same
period, says, " I do not know any one seat in all
Britain so commodiously situated for beauty,
plenty, and pleasure, as this is. The demesne
breeds the largest cattle and sheep in all the
country. The famous salmon fishing here (men
tioned in Camden,) is worth 300/. per annum,
three hundred of those great fishes having been
frequently taken at a draught. They are like
wise plentifully stored here with very good sea
fish and fowl, and here is a large rabbit-warren,
worth 20/. a year, besides what serves the house,
and a great dove-cote, stored with a huge flight
of pigeons ; a salt pan and colliery, worth 20/.
per annum, within the demesne."
The hall was almost entirely rebuilt by John
Christian Curwen, Esq. M.P. (father of the pre
sent lord of the manor, Henry Curwen, Esq.)
from designs by Mr. Carr, of York, when the
grounds were extended and improved by Mr.
White, of Retford. It stands near the edge of
the park, and is approached through a gateway,
on each pillar of which is a unicorn's head— the
crest of the Curwens. The building (as already
stated) is quadrangular, with battlemented para
pets ; the principal entrance is in the south-west
front, where a gateway opens into a court-yard.
Over the entrance-door is a shield bearing the
arms of Curwen with quarterings: it has the date
1665. The Queen's bed-chamber (see page 245)
retains no appearance of antiquity.

parish of workington. 251
Curwen of Workington-Hall.*
Arms: — Argent, fretty gules, a chief azure.
Crest: — A unicorn's head erased argent, armed or.
Motto : — Sije n'estoy.
" The antient knightly family of the Curwens," says Cam
den, " derive their descent from Gospatric, Earl of
Northumberland, and took their surname by agreement from
Culwen, a family of Galloway, whose heir they married.
They have here a noble mansion like a castle, and from them,
if I may be allowed to mention it without the imputation of
vanity, I derive my descent by the mother's side."
Ivo de Talebois, or Talboys, first lord of the barony of
Kendal, brother ofFulk, earl of Anjou and king of Jerusa
lem, espoused Elgiva, daughter of our Saxon monarch
Ethelred, and was father of
Eldred or Ethelred, second feudal lord of Kendal, who
married Adgitha, and was suceeded by his son,
Ketel, third Baron of Kendal. He married Christiana,
as appears by his grant of the church of Morland to the
abbey of St. Mary's in York, to which she was a witness.
By her he had issue,
Gilbert, who succeeded to the barony of Kendal, whose
son, William, according to Dugdale, from being gover
nor of the castle of Lancaster, assumed the sur
name of Lancaster. From him descended
John de Lancaster, summoned to parliament
as a baron in 1299.
Orme, his successor.
William.
He received from William de Meschines a grant of Work
ington, Salter, Kelton, and Stockhow. He gave the parish-
church of Workington, with two carucates of land and a mill
there, to the Abbey of St. Mary, at York.
Orme, second son, wedded Gunilda, sister of Waldieve,
first lord of Allerdale, (see p. 2,) son of Gospatric, Earl of
• This pedigree is chiefly compiled from Burke's Commoners and
Nicolson and Burn.

252 allerdale ward, above derwent.
Dunbar, and acquiring by grant from the said Waldieve the
manor of Seaton, took up his abode there. By the same
conveyance he had also the towns of Camberton, Craiksothen,
and Flemingby. Mr. John Denton says, the walls and ruins
of the mansion-house at Seaton were visible in his time,
Gospatric, son and heir of Orme, received from Alan,
second Lord of Allerdale (his cousin-german) High Ireby,
which remained in a younger branch of the Curwens, until
it terminated in heiresses. Gospatric received the manors
of Workington and Lamplugh, from his cousin-german,
William de Lancaster, in exchange for Middleton, co. West
morland ; in which exchange, the said William reserved to
himself and his heirs a yearly rent of 6d. at Carlisle fair, or a
pair of gilt spurs, and bound Gospatric and his heirs to do
homage, and to discharge his foreign service for the same, to
the barony or castle of Egremont. He gave two parts ofthe
fishing in Derwent to the abbey of Holme Cultram, with the
appendices ; except Waytcroft, which he gave to the prior of
Carlisle. John, theii prior of Carlisle, regranted Waytcroft to
Thomas, son of Gospatric, and his heirs, to be holden of the
priory freely, paying yearly 7s. rent at Pentecost and Martin
mas. He had issue, Thomas, Gilbert, Adam, Orme, and Alex
ander. Thomas, son and heir, succeeded his father in the inheri
tance. He received a grant ofthe great lordship of Culwen
in Galloway ; and granted Lamplugh to Robert de Lamplugh
and his heirs, to be holden by the yearly presentation of a pair
of gilt spurs. He died 7th December, 1152, and was buried
in the abbey of Shap, co. Westmorland, to which he had been
a benefactor. His issue were
Thomas, who married Joan, daughter of Robert de
Veteripont, but died in the life-time of his father,
leaving an only daughter who married Harrington, of
Harrington,
Patric, his successor.
Alan, who acquired by gift of his brother Patric, lands
of Cammerton, and thence deriving their surname,
the Cammertons descend from him.
To his second son, Patric, he had given, during the life of
his eldest son, the lordship of Culwen, and the said Patric,
assuming his surname therefrom, became,
Patric de Culwen : his elder brother dying subsequently,

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 253
without male issue, he succeeded to the entire estate, and
was thenceforward designated " Patric de Culwen of Work
ington." He was succeeded by his eldest son,
Thomas de Culwen, of Workington, who died s. p. and
was succeeded by his brother,
Gilbert de Culwen, of Workington, who left by his wife
Editha, a son and heir,
Gilbert de Culwen, of Workington, who died in the 3rd
Edward HI., and was succeeded by his son,
Sir Gilbert de Culwen, knight of the shire in the 47th,
48th, and 50th, of Edward III.*
Sir Gilbert de Culwen, son and heir, was knight of the
shire in the 5lh Richard II. , and died about two years after.f
Sir Christopher de Culwen, son and heir of Sir Gilbert,
represented the county in the 2nd Henry V., and in the 2nd,
3rd, 6th, and 9th Henry VI. He was sheriff of Cumberland
in the 2nd, and 6th, and again in the 12th Henry VI., by the
name of Culwen, and in the 6th ofthe said king by the name
of Curwen, to which last name the family hath ever since
adhered. Sir Christopher, (with Sir Thomas Dacre of Gilles-
land, and Sir William Fitz-hugh, knts.,) was commissioned
by Henry VI. A.D. 1442, to take the oaths of the wardens
of the west marches for the observance of the truce conclud
ed with the king of the Scots.
Sir Thomas Curwen, son and heir, represented the county
in the 13th, 20th, 27th, and 38th Henry VI. , and died in the
3rd Edward IV.
Sir Christopher Curwen, son and heir, died in the 7th
Henry VII.
Sir Thomas Curwen, son and heir, died in the 34th Henry
VIII. ; in which year, on an inquisition of knights' fees in
Cumberland, it is found, that Thomas Curwen, knight, held

* In the 49lh Edward III. John de Culwen was presented to the
rectory of Newbiggin, co. Westmorland, which he soon after exchanged
fol the vicarage of Bromfield.
t Nicolson and Burn. Burke, however, supposes they were the same
person.
2 K

254 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the manor of Workington of the king by knights' service,
as of his castle of Egremont; viz. by the service of one knight's
fee, 45*. 3d. cornage, As. seawake, and puture of two Serjeants.
He held at the same time the manor of Thornthwaite, and
one third ofthe manor of Bothill, and the manors of Seaton
and Camerton, and divers tenements in Gilcrouse, Great
Broughton, and Dereham.
He appears in the list of the gentry of the county, who
were called out by Sir Thomas Wharton, in 1543, " on the
service of the Border" when he was to furnish " horse at his
pleasure." He had issue,
Henry.Lucy, married to Sir John Lowther.
A daughter, married to .... Preston.
Sir Henry Curwen, son and heir, knight of the shire 6th
Edward VI. and 1st Elizabeth, (see page 249.) He was twice
married : firstly, to Mary, daughter of Sir Nicholas Fairfax,
by whom he had issue,
Nicholas, his successor ;
and, secondly, to Jane Crosby, by whom he had
George, ob. s.p.
Thomas,* who left, with two younger sons,
Darcy, who had (with four other sons, who died
without issue)
Henry.
Eldred, who also succeeded to the estate.
Sir Henry had the honor of receiving at his mansion-house
Mary, Queen of Scots, May 16, 1568, when she landed at
Workingtonf on her way to Carlisle (see page 244). He died
« This is probably he who lies buried in the church of Ponsonby, where
there is a monument to his memory.
+ The Earl of Northumberland procured from the council of York, an
order to " the Sheriffe, Justices of Peace, and gentlemen of our county e
of Cumberland, and to everie of them," to the following tenor : —
" By the Quene. — Trustie and wel beloved, we grete you well. And
for as muche as we be informed that our sister, the Scotishe Quene, is
arryved within our realme, at Wyrkington, in our county of Cumberland,
within the lordship and segnory of our right trustie and right wel beloved
cosyn, the Earl of Northumberland ; who hathe alreadie sent certen
gentlemen honorablie to see to her enterteynment and safe keping in this
our realm, untill our pleasure anal be further kno wen. This is, therefore,

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 255
in the 39th Elizabeth, and was succeeded by his eldest son,
Sir Nicholas Curwen, M.P. for Cumberland, who married,
firstly, Anne, daughter of Sir Simon Musgrave, of Edenhall,
Bart, (by whom he had do issue); and, secondly, Elizabeth,
daughter of Judge Carus. He died in the 2nd James I.,
and was succeeded by his son and heir,
Sir Henry Curwen, knight ofthe shire in the 18th James
I., who died in the 21st of that reign. He married Catherine,
daughter aud co-heiress of Sir John Dalston, by whom he
had issue, Patricius, his heir.
Thomas, who succeeded his elder brother.
Sir Henry married, secondly, Margaret, daughter of ....
Wharton, by whom he had issue,
Eldrcd, who succeeded Thomas Curwen, Esq.
Sir Patricius Curwen, Baronet, eldest son and heir of Sir
Henry, represented the county in parliament in several par
liaments in the reigns of Charles I., and Charles II. He
was created a baronet in 1626. He married  , but
dying without issue, in 1664, the title became extinct, while
the estates devolved upon his brother,
Thomas Curwen, Esq. who also died without issue, in the
25th Charles II. when the estates passed to his half-brother,
Eldred Curwen, Esq. who died in the 26th Charles II.
Henry Curwen, Esq. son and heir, dying without issue,
12th George I. the estate and representation reverted to his
cousin, Henry Curwen, Esq., eldest surviving son of Darcy, son
of Thomas, son of Sir Henry Curwen, by his second wife,
to wil and commande you and everie of you, as you shal be appoynted by
our sayd cousin, the Earl of Northumberland, to se her and hir'companye
well and honorably used, as to evcrie of them apperteynethe ; and also
to see them in safetye, that they, nor any of them, cskape from you, un-
till you shall have knowledge of our further pleasure therein.
"Wherof we pray you not to fayle, as we spe<-iallye truste you, and as
ye will answer to the contrary at your perilles. Given under our signet,
at our citie of Yorke, the xixth daye of Maye, the tenthe yeare of our
reign." — Sir C. Sharpe 's Memorials of the Rebellion.
2 k 2

256 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Jane Crosby. He died without issue in the 13th George I.
and was succeeded by his brother,
Eldred Curwen, Esq. M.P. for Cockermouth, in the 7th
George II. and dying in the 18th of the same reign, was
succeeded by his son,
Henry Curwen, Esq. M.P. for the city of Carlisle in 1 762 ;
and for the county of Cumberland in 1768. He married
Isabella, daughter of William Gale, Esq. of Whitehaven, by
whom he had an only daughter,
Isabella (born 1765), who married John Christian, Esq.
of Unerigg Hall,* and conveying to him the family
estates, he assumed, in 1790, their surname and arms,
and thus became
John Christian-Curwen, Esq., who had previously been
married to Miss Taubman, of the Isle of Man, by whom he
had issue, John Christian, Esq. of Unerigg Hall, one of the
Dempsters of that island. By the heiress of the Curwens
(his second wife) he had issue,
Henry, of whom hereafter.
William, in holy orders, rector of Harrington, 1817-1823.
Edward, of Belle Grange, co. Lancaster.
John, in holy orders, rector of Harrington, 1823 to 1840,
in which year Iig died.
Bridget, married to Charles Walker, Esq. of Ashford
court, Salop.
Christiana-Frances, of Uppington, Salop.
Mr. Curwen served the office of high-sheriff for Cumber
land in 1784. In 1786, he was returned to parliament for
Carlisle ; and he continued to represent that city in several
parliaments. He was subsequently M.P. for the county,
and so remained until his decease. " Mr. Curwen acquired
distinction by his rural pursuits ; and as a practical farmer
introduced numerous valuable improvements, under his own
immediate superintendence, which gave a novel direction to
the business of the agriculturist." Mr. Curwen was the
author of " Observations on the state of Ireland, principally
directed to its Agriculture and-Rural Population, &c." 2 vols.
8vo. 1818.
He died on the 9th December, 1828, and was succeeded
• A pedigree of the Christians of Unerigg-hall will be given in a subse
quent volume.

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 257
in his own estates by his eldest son, John Christian, Esq.
and in those of the Curwens, by his second son,
Henry Curwen, Esq. who was born 5th December, 1783.
On the 11th October, 1804, he married Jane, daughter of
Edward Stanley, Esq. of Whitehaven, by whom he had issue,
John. Edward Stanley, formerly of the 14th Dragoons, married
22nd January, 1833, Frances, daughter of Edward
Jesse, Esq. of Hampton Court, Middlesex, and has
issue.
Henry, in holy orders, rector of Workington, married
to Dora, daughter of Major General Goldie, and has
issue.
Charles.
William Blamire.
Isabella, married to the Rev. John Wordsworth, M.A.
rector of Plumbland, and vicar of Brigham.
Julia. Jane.
Mr. Curwen succeeded to the estates on the decease of his
father, 9th December, 1828. He is in the commission of the
peace for Cumberland, and filled the office of high-sheriff of
the county in 1834.
The Town of Workington.
Workington is a considerable market-town and
sea-port, at the mouth of the Derwent, 307 miles
from London, 8 from Whitehaven, and about 34
from Carlisle. Leland says, its name is derived
from the Wyre, a rivulet that flows into the sea
at Harrington : but this is not very probable,
(although the ancient spelling, Wyrekinton,
Wyrkenton, and Wyrkington, may appear to
sanction it) as the stream is upwards of two miles
from the town. That author (who was chaplain
to Henry VIII.) speaks of Workington, in his
Itinerary, as a place " whereas shyppes cum to,
wher ys a litle prety fyssher town, cawled Wyr
kenton, and ther is the chef howse of Sir Thomas

258 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Curwyn." It does not appear to have been a
port of any consequence at this period, although,
within a few years after, it was the place of dis
embarkation chosen by Mary Queen of Scots,
(see page 244).*
About the year 1770, according to Mr. Pennant,
there were 97 vessels belonging to this port, some
of which were of 250 tons burthen. About 1790,
the number was 160, averaging about 130 tons. In
April, 1810, 134 ships, tonnage, 18,911. In Jan
uary, 1822, 117 ships, tonnage, 18,094. In Jan
uary, 1828, 126 ships, tonnage, 19,930. The
present number of vessels belonging to this port
is 95, and the tonnage is estimated at 17,681.
The river is navigable for vessels of 400 tons.
The chief trade is in exporting coals to Ireland ;
some of them trade to America and the Baltic.
The imports are timber, bar iron, &c.
A considerable trade was formerly carried on
* It appears from Hutchinson's Cumberland, vol. i. pp. 32, 33, that
in 1566, there was only one vessel belonging to the county, of ten tons
burthen ; and the mariners were fishermen, obtaining a hard subsistence
from their hazardous employment. And that " at the latter end of the
sixteenth century, even under the auspicious reign of Queen Elizabeth,
when the naval power of this empire was advancing into a rivalship with
all Europe, when trade and commerce, as from their native land, began
to flourish in Britain, superior to the rest of the European states; when
our interior strength and power displayed itself to the astonishment of
the world, this county still languished under its inauspicious star ; dis
tant from the capital, unhappy in its vicinage, its improvements were
much behind those of the southern counties. At this period, in or about
the year 1582, the Earl of Lincoln, being Lord High Admiral, caused
an account to be taken of the ships and mariners within this county,
when all the vessels amounted only to twelve, and not one carried eighty
tons. Mariners and fishermen made up the number 198, of whom many
had never navigated a vessel superior to an open boat."

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 259
here in ship-building ; but this has suffered in
the general depression felt by the town. Vessels
of from 400 to 600 tons are built here for the
merchants in Liverpool, &c.
The manufactories are chiefly confined to
those connected with the shipping, such as sail
cloth, cordage, &c, excepting a patent Leghorn
hat manufactory, established by Messrs. Guy and
Harrison, which affords employment to several
hands. The town has been built without any
reference to regularity of design ; it is a long,
narrow, straggling place, extending about a mile
in length.
The markets (supposed to be of no ancient
origin) are held on Wednesday and Saturday ;
the former is the principal one, and is well sup
plied with corn, &c. The fairs have fallen into
disuse ; they were formerly holden on the Wed
nesday before Ascension Day, and on the 18th
of October.
The bridge over the Derwent, according to
Mr. T. Denton, was rebuilt by the county in
1650. This was replaced in 1763, by one of
three arches ; but so exceedingly narrow and
dangerous, that after having been the source of
numerous accidents, it was resolved to build
another, a few yards below the site of the former.
The new bridge is a noble structure of three
elliptic arches, now building by Mr. Thomas
Nelson, of Carlisle ; the works were commenced
during the last year, and are now in a state of
great forwardness.
In 1840, acts of parliament were obtained for
lighting and improving the town and harbour of
Workington.

260 allerdale ward, above derwent.
The Church.
The parish church of Workington is dedicated
in honor of St. Michael. It was given by Ketel,
(son of Eldred, son of Ivo,) third baron of
Kendal, with two carucates of land and a mill
there, to the abbey of St. Mary, at York. The
latter appears to have been included in the grant
made, by letters patent, by Queen Elizabeth, in
the 5th year of her reign, to Percival Gunson,
gentleman, of divers messuages, lands, tenements,
and other hereditaments in Workington, and
one messuage in Clifton, late belonging to that
abbey. In 1534, the abbot of St. Mary's, York,
presented to the rectory. In the following year it
was thus entered in the Valor Ecclesiasticus of
Henry VIII. WirJclyngton Sector' EccVie.
Edmund' Whalley incumbens. Rector'
p'dca. valet in £ 5. d.
Mansione cum gleba p. am. — lx  v
Decim' granos. et feni xvjl. "\ j
xs.lan'&agnell'xxvjs.viijd. m I £ s. d.
pisciu. marinos.xls. minutT ... ^xxvj x
et privat' decim' cum ob-/>xxuJ x
lac' ut in libro paschal' V
Ixxiijs. iiijrf. In tot. j
Repris' viz in
Sinod'iijs.jcZ.pcurac'.vjs.viijrf. } £ 8. d.
annual' pens' monaster'. > — Ixv j — Ixv j
See. Bege lvs. iiijaf. j
£ s. d.
Et valet clare xxiij iiij xj
Xma. ps. inde  xivj v(
After the dissolution of religious houses, Henry
VIII. by letters-patent, bearing date, August 20,

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 261
in the 36th year of his reign, (1544), granted to
Robert Brockelsby and John Dyer, the advowson
and right of patronage of the churches of Work
ington and Haverington ; to hold of the king in
free socage by fealty only, and not in capite. On
the 27th January, 1545, they conveyed by fine
those two rectories to Thomas Dalston, of the
city of Carlisle, Esquire. In 1556, John Dalston,
Esq. presented to the rectory of Workington.
Henry VIII. made a second grant of the ad
vowson of the church of Workington to John
Bird, the first bishop of Chester, in exchange for
divers temporalties ; and it was exchanged again,
by queen Mary, for Childwall and other places.
But it having been granted before to Brockelsby
and Dyer, it was found that the bishop had no
title. On the 12th of October, in the 6th of Eliza
beth, (1564) there was a licence of alienation to
John Dalston, Esq., to convey the advowson and
right of patronage of the churches of Workington
and Haverington, parcel of the late monastery of
St. Mary, York, to Henry Curwen, Esq., in whose
posterity they have since remained.
The living (which is the richest in the county)
was valued in the King's Books at 23/. 5s. It
continues to pay a pension of 21. 15s. 4d. to St.
Bees. The present curate is the Rev. Joseph
Hetherington, M.A. List of Rectors.
 Edmund Whalley, occurs 1535.
  Lowther, occurs c. 1642.
1662 Christopher Mattenson.
1679 John Bolton. 2 L

262 allerdale ward, above derwent.
1724 Robert Loxam.
1726 John Stanley*
1753 William Thomas Addison, ob. 1792.-J-
1792 Edward Christian.
1803 Peter How, M.A. ob. 1831.f
1831 Edward Stanley, M.A. ob. 1834.+
1834 John Wordsworth, M.A.§
1837 Henry Curwen, B.A.
The parish-church of Workington was rebuilt
in 1770. It is a neat and handsome structure;
but, unfortunately, and like too many others
erected in this county during the last century, it
is not in the Ecclesiastical or Pointed (miscalled
Gothic) style of architecture. || It consists of a
nave, with a low square tower which formed part
of the old church ; and is lighted by two rows of
windows with round heads. At the east end is
a recess containing the altar-table, over which is
a window of three lights, the top filled with stain
ed glass. On the north side is a painting repre
senting the Descent from the Cross, and on the
south another of the Ascension. There are two
side galleries, and one at the west end containing
an organ.
* Son of John Stanley, Esq., of Ponsonby-hall.
t See monumental inscription.
X Ob. 1834; Rector of Plumbland, one of his Majesty's Justices of the
Peace, and a deputy lieutenant for this county. See monumental in
scription, p. 264.
§ Rector of Plumbland, and vicar of Brigham.
|| This remark applies to many ofthe modem erections in this county ;
including St. Cuthbert's, Carlisle ; St. John's, Workington ; the three
chapels in Whitehaven, and the parish churches of Penrith, Wigton, and
Cockermouth : of which some are handsomely fitted up, but apparently
built with the intention of giving them the appearance of meeting-houses
or assembly-rooms.

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 263
Under the tower is an altar-tomb on which
recline the effigies ofa knight and his lady.
He is in plate armour ; his head rests on a cushion,
placed against an animal, and there is another at
his feet. An inscription runs round the top edge
of the altar-tomb, but it has been defaced and
rendered illegible by coats of paint. Previous to
its last painting the date 1440 was to be seen.
On the front side are five recesses with cinque-
foiled heads containing these shields : 1. Fretty
and a chief, Curwen ; impaling Lozengy  :
2, Curwen, impaling Fretty of six, .... 3, Cur
wen, without impalement. 4, Curwen, impaling
Six annulets, three, two, one, .... 5, Curwen,
impaling Five fusils in fess, with a label of five
points,  The head of the lady reclines on
a cushion supported by angels. Near this tomb
is part of an ancient octagonal stone font.
The pew of the Curwen family has some fine
old carved work, apparently preserved from the
former church. The arms of Curwen occur twice ;
in one place impaling on a fess two lions' heads
between three St. Andrew's crosses.
The tower contains six bells ; one of which
bears the date 1 775. On each side ofthe western
door is placed a board : one commemorates Mr.
Robert Jackson's bequest of 800/. ; the other,
the bequest of a like sum by Jane Scott, widow.*
On the east wall, south of the altar-table, is an
elaborate monument of white marble, by Dunbar,
with two figures representing Justice and Faith,
and bearing this inscription : —
• See particulars of both, at a subsequent page, under " Charities."
2 l 2

264 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Sacred
to the memory of the
REVEREND EDWARD STANLEY, A.M.
Rector of Workington
and of Plumbland,
one of his
Majesty's Justices ofthe Peace,
and a Deputy Lieutenant
for this county.
Born 9th March, 1776.
Died 5th January 1834.
He was a kind and benevolent Pastor,
an upright, intelligent, and
active magistrate,
and a zealous promoter
of every measure connected with
the welfare of those
amongst whom he resided.
To mark the high estimation
in which he was held,
and as a tribute
of sincere respect to his memory,
this memorial was erected
by public subscription
A. D. MDCCCXXXIV.
Near the south door is a mural monument of
white marble, with this inscription : —
Sacred to the memory of
THE REV. PETER HOW, A.M., and MARGARET his wife.
He was for more than 37 years
The beloved and respected minister of this parish,
first as curate, and afterwards as rector.
He died at his son's house in the town of Shrewsbury,
On the 18th of July, 1831, aged 72.
His dear Partner survived him but a few days,
and died at the parsonage house in this town,
on the 1st of August, 1831, aged 76.
They are, it is humbly hoped, reunited
in a more blessed state of existence.

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 265
At the west end of the church is a plain mural
monument inscribed — In Memory of
ELDRED CURWEN, ESQ., of
Workington Hall, who died the 23rd
of January, 1745,
Aged 53.
Under the tower are the following inscriptions
on mural tablets : — Within
This church
Lie the Bodies of
JOHN and B1LHAH
SHERWEN.
Bilhah Sherwen
was buried here April 14, 1762,
Aged 47 years.
John Sherwen
January 19, 17 03, aged 55 years.
To their
Memory
this monument
was gratefully inscribed
A. D. 1818. •
Honour thy Father and thy Mother
that thy days may be long
in the land
Thy God giveth thee.

Erected
to the memory of
CAPTN. MILHAM PONSONBY,
of the Royal Navy,
who departed this life, on the 21 October, 1815,
Aged 60 years.

266 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Sacred
To the
Memory of
CATHERINA MARGARETTA MARIA
The wife of
JOHN BECK, ESQ.
Comptroller of his Majesty's Customs,
Only daughter of the lale Rev. Bryan Allot,
Rector of Burnham in Norfolk, Neice to the
Very Rev. Richard Allot, D.D., Dean of Raphoe in
Ireland, and nearly related lo David Kennedy, Esq.
of Kirk-Michael House, in North Britain,
and to tho Earls of Cassilis and of Eglington.
She died on the 23 February, 1812,
After an illness of one hour only, without
any previous indisposition,
Aged 48 years.
" Watch therefore for ye know not
" What hour your Lokd doth come."
Her spotless life, which was a real Ornament
to hor sex, was replete with every virtue
¦w hich could adorn the character of
a true Christian.
Also
To the memory of
JOHN BECK, Esq.
who died the 22 day of December, 1832,
Aged 83 years.

In Memory of
WILLIAM FLASKET, Esq.
who died on the 15 June, 1828,
Aged 59 years.

Sacred to the Memory of
Thb Rev. WILLIAM THOMAS ADDISON, Rector of this Parish.
His unremitting attention during a space of 40 years

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 267
To all the important duties of his sacred function,
His pious zeal and spirited exertions
(made more conspicuous by surrounding obstacles)
In raising from unseemly ruin this House of God,
Conspire much more than this Imperfect Tablet
To speak his worth and consecrate his memory.
He died January 14, 1792, in the 65 year of his age,
deservedly lamented.
His first wife, daughter of Eldred Curwen, Esq.
died December, 1755.
His second wife, MARIANNA daughter of Adam Craik, Esq. of
Arbigland, Dumfriesshire, died December, 1759,
His third wife, DOROTHY, daughter of Richard Cooke, Esq.
of Cammerton Hall, died 23 September, 1831,
Aged 97 years.

Erected
in memory of
Mr. JOHN HODGSON,
Merchant,
who died June 3, 1799,
M 78.
And also
In memory of
ELIZABETH, his wife,.
who died July 23, 1754,

In the church-yard is a stone bearing this in
scription to the memory of the first minister of
the Scotch church in this town : —
In Memory of the
Revd. Mr. Wm. THOMPSON, who
with renewed diligence and great activity
raised and formed a Society of
Protestant Dissenters in Workington,
collected funds, and built a Meeting
and dwelling House, and exerted the eminent Talents

268 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
He was endowed wi'.h to the Glory of, GOD
with exemplary fidelity and Zeal,
Forty years as their Pastor.
His modest wisdom,
Extensive learning,
Strict integrity,
and Unaffected Piety,
rendered him the just object
of Esteem and Love.
Ho died 24 March, 1782,
Aged 73 years.
Another has this inscription : —
Sacred to the Memory of
The Rev. JOHN SELKIRK,
who was 46 years Minister ofthe
Scotch Church, Workington,
who departed this life, June 11, 1829,
In the 79th year of his age.
This Stone is erected by a few
Friends who long enjoyed the
benefit of his ministry, as a token
of their affection and grateful
remembrance of his Unfeigned Piety,
exemplary diligence, and unwearied
exertions in the cause of GOD.
Another stone, commemorating Joseph Glen-
dinning, who was murdered in 1808, has these
elegant lines —
Ye villains when this stone you see
Remember that you murdered me.
You bruised my head, you pierced my heart,
Also my bowels did suffer part.
St. John's Chapel.
This chapel was erected in the year 1823, by
the commissioners for building churches, and

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 269
affords a lamentable proof of modern degeneracy
in church-building. — Built at the almost incredi
ble cost of 10,000/. its miserable masonry and
unecclesiastical style of architecture afford a sad
contrast to those appropriate edifices which the
more correct taste of our ancestors erected for
Divine worship. It has a Doric portico, closely
resembling that of the church of St. Paul, Co-
vent-garden, London, the entablature supported
by four massy pillars. The chapel is calculated
to accommodate 1600 hearers. The seats on the
ground-floor are free, and the minister is paid by
the rents of those in the galleries. The living is
a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the rector of the
parish. In 1835, by an order in the Privy Coun
cil, the parish of Workington was ecclesiastically
divided into two districts : one of which was as
signed to the mother-church, and the other to St.
John's. List of Incumbents.
1823 John Curwen.*
1828 Joseph Simpson, B.A.
1831 Peter von Essen, B.A.f
1840 William Jackson, M.A.
Chapels.
There are in this town chapels belonging to
the Independents, the Roman Catholics, the
Church of Scotland, the Primitive Methodists,
and one for seamen.
* Rector of Harrington and of Plumbland.
f Rector of Harrington.
2 M

270 allerdale ward, above derwent.
Charities.
The Grammar School. — Sir Patricius Curwen,
Bart, by will, dated 13th December, 1664, be
queathed 10/. towards erecting a school-house,
and he thereby further gave and bequeathed the
annual sum of 6/. 6s. 8d. towards the maintenance
of such master or masters as should be appointed
by the ministers of Workington and Harrington,
with the consent-of any two of the churchwardens
of the former parish. The latter sum was a rent-
charge upon his demesne of Workington.* A
school-house was built upon the common, soon
after the decease of Sir Patricius, by his widow
and executrix.
Thomas Curwen, Esq., his brother and succes
sor in the estates, by will, dated 18th December,
1672, granted the three closes or enclosures known
as Colker close, Dobby Miller's close, and Moor
close, for the use of the master.
In 1803, John Christian Curwen, Esq., M.P.
having at that time discovered, by reference to
his title deeds, that Thomas Curwen, the devisor,
had no power to devise the closes above-mention
ed, having been only tenant for life of that pro
perty, determined to apply the rents and profits
thereof to some other charitable purpose, which
he thought more advisable. He appointed,
however, the Rev. Anthony Dalzell to the office
of schoolmaster, then vacant, and agreed to give
him a salary of 10/. 10s. per annum. The closes
above-mentioned contain 70 acres of land, and
are worth 140/. per annum.
• The commissioners for enquiring concerning charities say that it does
not appear that this rent-charge left by Sir Patricius was ever paid.

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. ' 271
It appears that by deed of settlement, dated
29th September 1612, and a fine levied thereon,
Sir Henry Curwen settled the manor and estate
of Workington upon himself for life, with remain
der to his first and other sons in tail under this
settlement. Sir Patricius Curwen, the eldest
son of Sir Henry, became tenant in tail, and died
without issue, leaving a brother, Thomas Curwen,
who succeeded him. Sir Patricius, therefore,
had no power to change the inheritance.
By deed of settlement, dated 26th February
1666, and a fine levied thereon, Thomas Curwen
and Eldred Curwen settled the said manor and
estates on the said Thomas Curwen for life, with
remainder to his first and other sons in tail ; and
in default of issue, on the said Eldred Curwen,
for life, with remainder to his first and other sons
in tail. Thomas Curwen died without issue, and
was succeeded by Eldred Curwen, who died,
leaving a son, so that Thomas Curwen was only
tenant for life, and had no power of devising the
closes above mentioned.
The site of the school-house, which was built
upon the waste, appears never to have been con
veyed to any person, in trust, for the charity ;
the soil, therefore, remained in the lord of the
manor. In 1813, the building was pulled down
by Mr. Curwen, and a room in the town was
appropriated by him for the purposes of a school.
The waste has since been enclosed under an act
of Parliament ; and the site of the school, with
the adjoining land, has been set out and allotted
by the commissioners.*
* Report of the Commissioners.
2 m 2

272 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Sir Patricius Curwen's Charities. — Sir Patricius
Curwen, Bart, left also to the poor of the parish,
51. per annum,* charged upon his demesne at
Workington : but this payment has not been
made by his successors, for the reason assigned
in the preceding account of the Grammar School.
Scott's Charity. — Jane Scott, widow, by will
dated 24th January, 1816, bequeathed 800/. stock,
five per cents, to the Rev. Peter How, M.A.
Benjamin Thompson, Robert Jackson, and Wil
liam Piele, on trust, to pay sixteen poor women
40s. each, annually on new-year's day : all of whom
are to be residents in the township of Workington.
The remainder of the dividends, after payment of
all expences, to be retained by the trustees as a
compensation for their trouble : their number is
to be always four ; one of whom must be the
rector or resident minister of Workington, if a
suitable person. On the death of any of the
annuitants, the trustees to appoint another to fill
up the vacancy.
Kay's Legacies. — John Kay, by will dated 11th
of February, 1806, amongst other things,bequeath-
ed to the rector of Workington, 50 guineas, to
be by him laid out in a handsome brass gilt
chandelier, to be hung up in the middle aisle in
the parish church of Workington. He also gave
to twenty poor widows annually, in the township
of Workington, on Christmas-day in each year
for years after his decease, a fore-quarter of
mutton, and a shilling loaf each; and in the
margin of the said will, opposite to the last-men-
* He left also sums of money to be distributed to the poor of the parish
of Harrington, and to the jioor of Cammerton and Seaton.

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 273
tioned bequest, was written, "to be charged upon
the lands."
These legacies, however, have failed. — A decree
in chancery, dated 18th February, 1 8 14, was made
by several legatees and relations of the testator
against his Majesty's attorney-general, the execu
trix of the testator, and other persons, when it
was ordered, that it should be referred to the
master. On the 1st November 1819, the master
reported, that the personal estate of the testator
had proved insufficient for the payment of the
debts and legacies charged thereupon ; and that
part of the testator's real estate had been sold, to
supply the deficiency thereof.
Jackson's Bequest. — Mr. Robert Jackson, who
died 4th April, 1826, left by will 800/. the interest
arising therefrom to be distributed by four trustees
to sixteen poor women, in the sum of 40s. each
annually : the rector or resident-minister being
one of the trustees. The original trustees, named
in the will, are the Rev. Peter How, M.A., Joseph
Pearson, William Plaskett, and Edward Henry
Hare. The funds of this charity have been di
minished; — first, in 1830, by the conversion of
the new 4 per cent, into the new 3| per cent
stock ; and secondly, by a decree in chancery, in
a suit against the executors and trustees, which
reduced the bequest to the sum of 430/. 3s. stock.
The Lancasterian School. — This school was
founded in 1808, by John Christian Curwen, Esq.
M.P., and affords instruction to about 194 boys
and 86 girls, each of whom pays Id. or 1§<£ per
week, towards providing books. All necessary
expenses are paid by the family of the founder.
A building, comprising rooms for an Infant

274 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
School, a School of Industry, &c. was erected in
1831, by Thomas Wilson, Esq. of this town.
Over the entrance is the following inscription : —
These Schools
for the Education
of the Children of the Poor
in Religious and Useful Knowledge
were erected
from the bounty of a kind Providence
by
Thomas Wilson, 1831.
Mr. Wilson has regularly conveyed the build
ing in trust, for the above purposes, to the clergy
of the town, with the churchwardens and over
seers for the time being. On the east wall ofthe
Infant School is a tablet inscribed as follows : —
As a testimony of my approval
Of the Infant School and School of Industry
In Guard Street,
dedicated to charitable uses,
It is my intention to remit the ground rent
For the premises during my life
To the charity,
On being called upon by the Governors
Annually for my receipt ;
And I trust my successors
will continue to do the same.
The Hall, Woikington. Heney Cubweh.
December 14, 1831.
In addition to these foundations and endow
ments, there are many other charitable societies
and institutions, and Sunday schools, supported
by voluntary contributions.
Stainburn.
Stainburn is a hamlet and township one mile
east of Workington. The name is supposed to

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 275
be derived from stoney burn or beck. Waldieve,
lord of Allerdale, son of Gospatric, Earl of Dun
bar, gave this whole vill, consisting of three
carucates of land, to the abbey of St. Mary's at
York, for the proper use of the cell of St. Bees.
The prior of St. Bees built here a chapel or
oratory. Afterwards Henry IV. presented one
Robert Hunte to this as a free chapel in the gift
of the crown. The abbot of St. Mary's, York,
remonstrated, setting forth the above particulars :
and the king, upon inquiry and trial, revoked this
grant.* Clifton.
The Chapelry of Clifton includes the two
townships and villages of Great Clifton and Little
Clifton. These townships form a manor, and
were given by William de Meschines to Waldieve,
son of Gospatric, Earl of Dunbar; and by the
heiress of that family came to the Lucys ; from
them to Benedict Eglesfield, who had a son
Richard Eglesfield, whose daughter and heiress
carried the same by marriage to Adam de Berdsey.
He had a son Nicholas de Berdsey, who had a
son William de Berdsey, which William in the
35 Henry VIII. was found by inquisition to hold
his messuage and vill of Clifton of the king as of
the manor of Dean, by knight's service, rendering
for the same 2s. 10c?. cornage, and 17s. Id. free
rent, and suit of court, homage, and witnesman in
the five towns.f He held Kirk Clifton, (or Great
Clifton) by the service of 3s. 4d. cornage, with
suit of court, witnesman as aforesaid, and puture
* Nicolson and Burn. f See page 2.

276 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
of the Serjeants.* By a daughter and coheir of
the said William these villages came to the Salk-
elds of Whitehall, who sold them to Sir James
Lowther, Bart., from whom they came to the
present possessor, the Earl of Lonsdale.
Great Clifton, or Kirk Clifton, in Derwent
Ward, is an ancient village, 2\ miles east from
Workington, " where it is said a market was for
merly held," and in support of the truth of which
tradition the remains of an ancient cross are
pointed out. Clifton-house, the mansion of
Richard Watts, Esq., is near the village, situated
on rising grounds which command an extensive
prospect, the beauty of which is much enhanced
by the meanderings of the Derwent. It has at
present an. exposed appearance, but this will be
remedied in a few years, when the plantations
around it have attained a fuller growth.
Little Clifton is a village in Derwent Ward,
3\ miles east of Workington, at the junction of
the Maron with the Derwent.
The Chapel was certified to the governors of
Queen Ann's bounty at 31. per annum. In the
year 1717, "it was certified that there was then
no maintenance for a curate, or any divine service
performed ; that formerly every family in the two
hamlets, being about 40 in number, paid 6d. each
to one that read prayers, and taught the children
to read, and the rector gave 21. a year, and offi
ciated there every sixth Sunday ; but that these
payments had then ceased for about 40 years
last past."
The chapel is very picturesquely situated on
* Nicolson and Burn.

PARISH OF WORKINGTON. 277
the summit of a cliff overlooking the village. It
is an ancient edifice, but has been much modern
ized by repairs and alterations. In the sixteenth
and early part of the seventeenth century, marri
ages were solemnized in this chapel. The burial
ground was disused, and the walls were in a state
of decay, from 1736 until 1821, "When Dr. Law,
Bishop of Chester, consecrated an additional
piece of ground. The living is a perpetual cura
cy, in the gift of the rector of Workington, and
was returned to the commissioners for enquiring
concerning ecclesiastical revenues as of the aver
age annual value of 89/. The present incumbent
is the Rev. Anthony Dalzell, who was appointed
in 1804.
In 1814 an act of parliament passed for enclos
ing the townships of Great and Little Clifton, under
which allotments of land were given in lieu of
tithes.

2 N

W§t IDariet of ^oiwonug

fe bounded on the south, by the
1 parish of Gosforth ; and on the
north and west, by the Calder,
jj| which divides it from the parish
J of St. Bridget's Beckermet. With
f the single exception of Waber-
'' " BHfS^^l thwaite, this is the least populous
Hf!" IIB Sfe^Sl parish in the Ward. It extends
^^B^^g HI about four miles in length, from
ipF east to west, and from north to
south, one mile and a half. "The air here is
particularly pleasant and salubrious ; insomuch,
that a neighbouring physician, eminent both for
his practice and knowledge, calls this the Mont-
pellier of Cumberland."
Until the latter end of the last century this
parish was not well wooded ; but it was greatly
improved in this and in other respects by George
Edward Stanley, Esq., who was high-sheriff ot
the county in 1774. The Rev. Matthew Hall,
in his account of this parish, written for Hutchin
son's (?) Cumberland, says : — " This parish has
been greatly improved within these twenty
years, since Mr. Stanley took up his residence
here, who is, himself, very skilful in agriculture ;
and gives every encouragement to his farmers, to
prosecute that plan of husbandry, which is most
likely to turn out to their own profit and advan-

PARISH OF PONSONBY. 279
tage ; by which means his rents are not only well
and exactly paid, but he has the satisfaction of
seeing his grounds in a high and improved state
of cultivation, and his farmers in a happy and
flourishing condition, several of whom, the last
year, had from 500 to 1000 stooks of wheat
each, on ground which, upon Mr. Stanley's com
ing to the estate, was entirely covered with furze
and broom."
The same gentleman, George Edward Stanley,
Esq., father of the present lord of the manor,
Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P., planted on his estate
here " upwards of one hundred thousand of dif
ferent sorts of forest trees," — a noble legacy for his
descendants, as in too many parts of the kingdom,
" the axe is often heard, but the planter is seldom
seen." The parish abounds with free-stone ; but it
produces neither coal nor limestone, which are
so plentiful in some of the adjoining parishes.
" The soil, in general, is a hasel mould, but near
the sea, a strong clay, and produces crops of
wheat and other grain, inferior to few in the
county." Mr. Housman says that about the
latter end of the last century, lands here were let
for about 15s. per acre, on an average. Since
that time they have been much improved, and
are now let for about 23s. an acre.
The Calder, which forms the northern and
western boundary of the parish, is the only river;
it is well supplied with salmon and trout. Mr.
Stanley has a fishery at the mouth. This river,
which flows near the picturesque ruins of Calder
abbey, is remarkable for the beauty of the
scenery presented by its wooded banks, while the
2 n 2

280 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
stream itself is half hidden by the luxuriant foliage
of the trees.
The parish is divided into two quarters or con-
stablewicks, Ponsonby and Calder. The tene
ments were "mostly either purchased or enfran
chised" by George Edward Stanley, Esq. Two
or three tenements in the parish of Gosforth
belong to the manor of Ponsonby. In 1792,
there was only one pauper in the parish, — an
aged woman, in her one hundredth year.
On Infell, a hill in this parish, are vestiges
of castrametation, supposed to have been a
Roman camp : but as the ground has not been
explored, no antiquities have been found to de
termine its origin.
From the year 1723 to 1743, the number of
baptisms in this parish was 80 ; funerals, during
the same time, 57 ; and 19 marriages. From
1771 to 1791, the baptisms were 78 ; funerals,
38; and marriages, 21.
This parish was the seat of, and gave name to,
the ancient family of Ponsonby, originally named
Ponson, who, at a subsequent period, settled at
Hale-hall, (see page 56, and a pedigree in the
appendix.) The Manor.
The manor of Ponsonby belonged, at a very
early period, to the family of Ponson, afterwards
called Ponsonby. Nicholas Stanleigh, lord of
Austhwaite, " bought the manor and demesne of
Ponsonby of Adam de Eskdale, as appeareth by
deed, anno 11th of king Richard IL, 1388," since
which time the manor has belonged to his family,

PARISH OF PONSONBY. 281
through whom it has descended to the present
lord, Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P.
Stanley of Dalegarth and Ponsonby.*
Arms : — Argent, on a bend azure, cottised, vert, three
stags' heads cabossed, or; quartering the arms of Austhwaite ,
Gules, two bars argent, in chief three mullets of six points
pierced, or.
Crest: — A stag's head argent, attired or, collared vert.
Motto : — Sans clmnger.
The family of Stanley is one of the most ancient in the
kingdom, and occupies an eminent and conspicuous place in
its history. Camden mentions them as having been of im
portance for at least half a century before the Conquest.
This illustrious family is represented by the Stanleys of Hoo-
ton, co. Chester, Baronets. One branch has furnished thir
teen Earls of Derby, of whom many have been knights of the
most noble Order of the Garter: the Stanleys of Cumber
land, and the Stanleys of Alderley park, co. Chester, Baronets,
are also branches from the same stem, (see page 282).
The Stanleys of Cumberland have been " located in the
north for several centuries, and the most ancient of their
estates in this county have descended through an unbroken
succession of father and son over a period of not less than
five hundred years, to the present proprietor."
Henry Stanleigh deStoneley " lived about forty years before
the Conquest, and for some years after."
Henry de Stanleigh, son of Henry, is mentioned by Cam
den, as having large possessions confirmed to him by Henry
William de Stanleigh, son of the above Henry, was suc
ceeded by his son,
William de Stanleigh, " who is stiled milite," and had two
sons, William and Adam.
* A pedigree of this family, on parchment, with the armorial bearings
of families with whom they have intermarried, is preserved at Ponsonby
HaU : it bears the autographs' of Sir William Dugdale, and Edmund
Knight, Norroy.

282 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Sir Adam de Stanleigh, the younger son, succeeded to his
father's estates ; he was succeeded by his son,
Sir William de Stanleigh, who was stiled, William de Stan
leigh, in the county of Stafford, and of Stourton, in the county
of Chester, and foresiure foresta, or chief- ranger in the forest
of Wirral, by grant dated 10th Edward II. 131d, and " there
upon assumed the armorial bearings since used by his de
scendants, — three stags' heads on a bend." He married Joan,
eldest daughter and co-heiress of Sir Philip Baumville, lord
of Stourton ; and by her had a son John, who succeeded him.
John Stanleigh, lord of Stanleigh, and of Stourton, married
Mabil, daughter of Sir James Hansket, knight, and had issue,
Sir William, lord of Stanleigh and Stourton, 26th
Edward III., 1322. He married Alice, daughter of
Hugh Massey, of Timperley, co. Chester, and had
issue three sons : —
1. William, who succeeded his father in tbe lord
ships of Stanleigh and Stourton, ancestor of the
Stanleys of Hooton, Baronets, the representa
tives of the family. He married Margery,
daughter and heiress of William Hooton of
Hooton.
2. Sir John, K.G., second son, married Isabel,
daughter and heiress of Sir Thomas Lathom,
Lord of Lathom. From him derives the noble
family ofthe Earls of Derby.
3. Henry.
John, ancestor of the Cumberland branch of this family.
John Stanleigh, second son, purchased lands at Gres-
withen (Greysouthen), co. Cumberland, "and represented
the city of Carlisle in parliament, 29th King Edward III."*
His son and' heir,
John Stanleigh, of Greswithen, Esq., was living in the
33rd Edward III. He bought lands in Embleton and
Brackenthwaite, co. Cumberland, as appears bv a deed
dated A.D. 1335. '
Nicholas Stanleigh, of Greswithen, Esq., son and heir,
married Constance, daughter and heiress of Thomas de
Austhwaite, lord of Austhwaite, now Dalegarth, in the parish
» There is some error here, as Thomas Stanley occurs as a burgess
for the city of Carlisle at that date.

PARISH OF PONSONBY. 283
of Millom, by whom he became possessed of that manor, as
appears by a deed, dated, A.D. 1345. He "bought the
manor and demesne of Ponsonby of Adam de Eskdale, as
appeareth by deed, anno 11th of King Eichard II., 1388."
He was succeeded by his son,
Thomas Stanleigh, lord of Austhwaite, called in records,
Stanlaw, who represented the city of Carlisle in parliament,
25th Henry VI.
Nicholas Stanleigh, lord of Austhwaite, son and heir,
appears among the list of the gentry of the county returned
by the commissioners, 12th Henry VI., 1433.* He was
living in 1437.
Thomas Stanley, of Dalegarth, Esq., son and heir, mar
ried Ann, daughter of Sir Richard Hudleston, of Millom
castle, knight, by whom he acquired certain lands called
Hyton, as appears by deed, dated 38th Henry VI., 1437.
William Stanley, of Dalegarth, Esq., son and heir, married
Alice, daughter of Sir Richard Ducket, knight, and was
living in the 17th Henry VII. He was succeeded by his
son, Thomas Stanley, of Dalegarth,Esq., whomarried Margaret,
third daughter of John Fleming, of Rydal, Esq., and had
issue, John, his successor.
Thomas, who was appointed master ofthe mint in 1570,
and obtained from his father the ancient family estates
of Greswithen, Embleton, and Brackenthwaite. He
married Lady Mytford, relict of Sir James Mytford,
knight, by whom he had an only daughter and heiress,
Mary, who married the Hon. Sir Edward Herbert,
second son of William, Earl of Pembroke, after
wards created Earl of Powis.
John Stanley, Esq., eldest son ofthe above Thomas, mar
ried Margaret, daughter of Thomas Senhouse, Esq., and was
succeeded by his son, «
Thomas Stanley, Esq., who purchased the manor of Birkby,
in the parish of Muncaster, from his cousin-german, the
* In the same list appears " Tho. Stanley, Abbatis de Wederhill,"
(Wetheral.)

284 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Countess of Powis. He married Isabel, daughter of John
Leake, of Edmonton, Esq.
To this period the pedigree was certified by Edmund
Knight, norroy king-at-arms.
Edward Stanley, Esq., only son and heir, bought (from
Sir Thomas Challoner) the tithes of Eskdale, Wasdale, and
Wasdale-head, — three chapelries in St. Bees, on the disso
lution of the priory which gave name to the parish. He
married Ann, daughter and co-heiress of Thomas Briggs, of
Cawmire, co. Westmorland, Esq.
John Stanley, Esq., his successor, was an active and zeal
ous royalist,* and as"such was heavily fined by the parliament ;
but the penalty is said to have been subsequently mitigated.
The following certificates, which are still preserved by his
family, at Ponsonby-hall, are strongly indicative of the
troubled times on which he fell. —
L. S.
Whereas it appeareth by certificate, under the hand of Mr.
Leeck, dated January the 29th, 1648, that John Stanley of
Dalegarth, in the county of Cumberland, Esquire, hath com
pounded and paide in, and secured his fine, at the committee
at Gold Smith's hall : these are therefore to require you, on
sight hereof, to forbear to offer any violence to his person,
or to any of his family, at his house at Dalegarth, in the
county of Cumberland, or to take away any of his horses, or
other things, they doing nothing prejudicial to the parlia
ment or array. — Given under my hand and seal the 1st of
February, 1648.
T. FAIRFAX.
To all Officers and Souldiers under
my command.
L. S. Six quarterings.
Whereas John Stanley of Dalegarth, in the county of
Cumberland, Esquire, hath subscribed to his composition,
and paid and secured his fine, according to the direction of
parliament : these are therefore to require and command
you, to permit and suffer him and his servants, quietly to
« It will scarcely be necessary to remind the reader of a member of
another branch of this family— James, seventh Earl of Derby, who was
beheaded for his loyalty, at Bolton, A.D. 1651.

PARISH OF PONSONBY. 285
pass into Dalegarth abovesaid, with their horses and swords,
and to forbear to molest or trouble him, or any of his
familie there ; without seizing or taking away any of his
horses or other goods, or estate whatsoever ; and to permit
aud suffer him or any of his family, at any tyme, to pass to
any place, about his or their occasions, without offering any
injury or violence to him or any of his family, either at Dale
garth, or in his or their travells, as you will answer your
contempt at your utmost perills. — Given under my hand and
seal, this second of February, 1648.
O. CROMWELL.
To all Officers and Souldiers, and all others,
whom these may concern.
Mr. Stanley purchased the manor of Birker, in the parish
of Millom, still holden by his family, and obtained a grant
from the crown ofa fair and weekly market at Ravenglass.
He married, firstly, Mary, daughter of Thomas Stanley, of
Lee, co. Sussex, Esq. ; and secondly, Dorothy, daughter of
Henry Fetherstonhaugh, of Fetherstonhaugh, co. Northum
berland, Esq.
Edward Stanley, Esq., son and heir, was one ofthe gentle
men chosen by Charles II. to be invested with the projected
Order of the Royal Oak. Mr. Stanley was high-sheriff of
the county and proclaimed William III. He married
Isabel, eldest daughter of Thomas Curwen, of Sella Park,
Esq. John Stanley, Esq., son and heir, bought the advowson of
the rectory of Ponsonby, with the tithes and church-lands
thereunto belonging, and valuable estates in that parish. On
his marriage (A.D. 1689) he built (the old) Ponsonby Hall,
whither he removed from Dalegarth, the ancient residence
of his family. Mr. Stanley married Dorothy, one of the co
heiresses of Edward Holt, Esq., of Wigan, co. Lancaster,
by whom he had issue three sons,
Edward, his successor.
' John, in holy orders, rector of Workington, who marri
ed Clara, daughter of John Philipson, Esq., of Cal-
garth, co. Westmorland, and had a son, Edward (living
1794), who married Julia, daughter of John Christian,
Esq., of Unerigg, by whom he had several children.
Holt, a lieutenant in Brigadier-General Wentworth's
regiment of foot, died unmarried, in the expedition
against Porto Bello.
2 o

286 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Mr. Stanley was succeeded by his eldest son,
Edward Stanley, Esq., who was bora in the year 1690. He
married (1737) Mildred, youngest daughter of Sir George
Fleming, Bart., Lord Bishop of Carlisle, who survived him,
and was buried in the south aisle of the cathedral church of
Carlisle, where there is a monument to her memory. -By his
said wife Mr. Stanley had issue,
George-Edward, his successor.
Dorothy, married to Lieutenant Joseph Dacre, eldest
son of Joseph Dacre, Esq. of Kirklinton, who died
without issue in the year of her marriage, and was
also buried in the cathedral church of Carlisle.
And four other daughters, who all died unmarried.
Mr. Stanley died in the year 1751, and was succeeded by
his only son.
George-Edward Stanley, Esq., was born in March, 1748.
He built the present mansion-house, was high-sheriff of the
county in 1774, and married (in the same year) Dorothy,
youngest daughter of Sir William Fleming, of Rydal-hall,
Bart., (who died in 1786, and was buried in the church of
Ponsonby, see monument) by whom he had issue,
Mildred.Elizabeth.
Mr. Stanley married, secondly, in 1 789, Elizabeth, second
daughter of Morris Evans, co. Middlesex, Esq., by whom
he had issue,
Edward, his successor.
George, born 1791.
Jane, born 1792.
Mr. Stanley died in 1806, and was succeeded by his eldest
son, the present lord ofthe manor.
Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P., was born in 1790, and suc
ceeded to the estates on the death of his father, 1 7th Novem
ber, 1806. In December, 1821, Mr. Stanley married Mary,
daughter of William Douglas, Esq., one ofthe judges in the
East Indies, and has had issue,
Edward, born September, 1822, ob. 1825.
Jane.
Mary. Helen le Fleming.
William, born 14th September, 1829.
George-Edward, born 21st November, 1831.
Henry, died young.

PARISH OF PONSONBY. 287
Constance.
Douglas-Austhwaite.
Mr. Stanley is a magistrate and deputy-lieutenant of the
county of Cumberland, and filled the office of high-sheriff in
1823. He has been returned knight of the shire for West
Cumberland in several parliaments. Mr. Stanley is the
twenty-fourth in lineal descent from Henry Stanleigh de
Stoneley, " who lived forty years before the Conquest."
Ponsonby Hall.
Ponsonby Hall, the seat of Edward Stanleyj
Esq. M.P., was built about the year 1780, by the
father of the present proprietor. It is situated
about half a mile from Calder bridge ; the park
is entered through a gateway, the pillars of which
are surmounted by the crest of the family. The
hall is seated on the summit of an eminence, and
commands an extensive and varied prospect of
sea and land, including the beautiful ruins of
Calder abbey, the Welsh mountains, and the
Isle of Man. The entablature of the portico is
supported by four columns, thirteen and a half
feet in height, each cut from one solid block of
stone. A very curious carved oak bed-stead is
preserved here, which was brought from Dale-
garth-hall (see page 179) ; the pillars are massy,
and the carving is unusually rich. On the cor
nice are shields charged with the arms of Stanley
quartered with Austhwaite; it bears the date
1345, rudely carved on the back, and may be
considered as one of the most curious in the
kingdom. The apartments contain many valuable paint
ings, including six on copper, by Holbein, —
Henry VIII., Ann Boleyn, his queen, Chaucer,
Ben Jonson, Latimer, and Cranmer; John Stanley,
2 o 2

288 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Esq. the royalist, (see page 284) ; Sir George
Fleming, Bart., Lord Bishop of Carlisle, by Van-
derbank; the late George Edward Stanley, Esq.,
by Opie ; and his lady, by Romney ; Edward
Stanley, Esq., M.P., by Lonsdale ; and Mrs.
Stanley, by Mrs. Carpenter ; Henry, Lord Vis
count Lonsdale ; and Mrs. Dacre, aunt of Mr.
Stanley (see page 286).
The gardens are laid out with great taste, and
are rich in choice flowers and shrubs. No pen,
however, can do justice to the scenery on the
banks of the Calder: overhung by luxuriant trees,
beneath which winding paths lead to the stream
dashing over its rocky bed, it presents remarkable
combinations of beauty with grandeur, rendering
it one of those delightful places which when once
seen are never forgotten. The walks embrace
both sides of the river, whose troubled yet trans
parent waters are crossed by a rustic bridge.
The Church.
The church of Ponsonby was given by John
Fitz-Ponson to the priory of Conishead in Furness.
In a list of the possessions of that house (Valor
Ecclesiasticus, Henry VIII.) this church is enter
ed as follows : —
Decim' ecclie. de Ponsonby viz. granos. etfeni "}
lxxiijs. iiij<2. W & agn' xls. vitul' procell' / £ s. d.
auc' & gallin' iiijs. oblac' vijs. viij<£. privat' S vij viij iiij
& minut' decim' ut in libro paschali xxiijs. C
iiijd. In tot' j
In the year 1689, " a presentation from the
crown was procured to this church as a vicarage,

PARISH OF PONSONBY. 289
but afterwards revoked, and there was none be
fore that in the institution books."
The living was certified to the governors of
Queen Ann's bounty at 9/. 12s., viz: 61. paid by
the impropriator ; 31. given by William Cleator,
M. D., for monthly sermons ; and 2s. surplice
fees. In 1717, it "was certified that the said Wil
liam Cleator, abovementioned, who was doctor of
physic, gave by his will, 100/. to the minister for
preaching twelve sermons every year, till the
impropriation should be restored to the church,
and then to go to a school in the parish. And
the executors refusing to pay the money, the
minister sued and recovered it in chancery, with
20/. arrears of interest ; 91. of this money was
then lost, and 43/. thereof in the hands of the
churchwardens not disposed of. The rest was
laid out in lands."*
In 1789, "the income was 22/. besides the
surplice fees, viz. 61. paid by the impropriator ;
12/. the rent of an estate called Nun-house, in
the parish of Dent, Yorkshire, (now let for 15/.
15s.) purchased with 200/. obtained by lot, from
the governors of the bounty of Queen Anne, in
the year 1744 ; and 41. being the interest of an
other sum of 200/. obtained also by lot, in the
year 1780, and those undisposed of in lands."f
In the following year, " a benefaction of 200/.
was procured by Mr. Stanley's interest; with
which 200/. more was obtained from the gover
nors of the bounty of Queen Anne. In 1791,
the further sum of 200/. fell to the said church
* Nicolson and Burn. f Hutchinson.

290 ALLERDALE WARD, AROVE DERWENT.
by lot ; and on or before the 25th of March,
1792, Mr. Stanley obtained by his interest, a
further benefaction of 200/. which being placed
in Queen Anne's funds, obtained from the gover
nors 200/. now making altogether, the sum of
1200/. which was laid out in the year 1793, in
the purchase of a freehold and tithe-free estate,
called Green-moor-side, situate in the parish of
St. Bridget (Beckermet). The premises are
well built, contain between sixty and seventy
acres of arable land, and are not more than one
mile and a quarter from Ponsonby church."*
The benefice is a perpetual curacy, in the im
propriation and patronage of Edward Stanley,
Esq., M.P. The resident curate is the Rev.
Clement Fox. " There is no register in this
parish of an earlier date than 1723 !"
List of Incumbents.
—  George Cannell,f occurs 1723.
1789 Matthew Hall.
18.. John Gaitskell, B. A.
1829 John Fleming. J
The Church of Ponsonby, dedicated in honor
of  , is situated in the park, about the cen
tre of the parish, and at a short distance from the
hall. It is an ancient structure, but has been
* Hutchinson.
f Of Trinity college, Dublin. Mr. Cannell was " so expert a mathe
matician, that after he became blind he could have solved any problem in
Euclid. He performed the duties of his church, and taught a school in
the parish, for many years after he lost his sight."
J Vicar of Llangwym, co. Monmouth,

PARISH OF PONSONBY. 291
much modernized in its appearance ; it consists
of a rjave and chancel of equal height, with a
tower and spire at its western end, beneath which
is the entrance. The chancel-arch is pointed,
and the pulpit and reading-desk are placed beneath
it, one on each side. The east window contains
some stained glass : — the arms of " Stanlye and
Brigge"* and of " Hutton and Brigge," and the
arms and crest of the Stanley family. There are
also some other fragments ; all of which appear
to have been preserved from an older building ;
probably some might be brought from Dalegarth
hall, which was the ancient seat of the Stanleys.
The old oak roof has been recently concealed by
a new ceiling ; when the antique windows, of all
sizes and styles, were replaced by modern inser
tions. The tower and spire were erected in 1840,
by Edward Stanley, Esq. M.P., the impropriator
and patron of the living. The church-yard being
surrounded by a ha-ha-fence, the prospect across
the park is unbroken by walls. On the south
side of the church are the remains of a cross ;
little, however, is now left to indicate the pro
bable period of its erection.
A brass plate on the north wall of the nave
bears this inscription : —
&m Igetfj tlje fco&se of f ranees pairs cftson &auatj=
ter to St'r ffiljomaB Mfiset, Rnt'flljt, one of tlje most
fjonoraile prgbe Councell to Ssnge fjenerge tlje bt'tt.
Some tome tofife of Stomas Iioje of Callrer, & at t(je
frag of her Ueatlj, tonfe of SISBiiltam patracltson, gentleman,
• Edward Stanley, Esq.. son of Thomas, married Ann, daughter and
coheiress of Thomas Briggs, Esq. of Caumire, co. Westmorland, {see
page 284).

292 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
ffiolr gabe tjis tonfe a tonntre to pane, in groneB an& pangs of tret8,
& to tjeaben elebattng harrtifs anlr rjirg, smnlinglne to neltt iretf) ;
anJr thus at age of Ibt. to grabe sfie toSe Ijer toaae,
(Soft grante that slje & toe man mete, in jone at tje last Itage.
Slje trgelr tje ibt. of Jiilii, in tlje nere of our ttotti, 1578.
On the south side of the chancel is a mural
monument of white marble, bearing this inscrip
tion : — Here rest in peace
the transient Remains of
DOROTHY the Wife of
GEORGE EDWARD STANLEY,
of Ponsonby-hall, Esquire,
the Daughter of
Sir William Fleming
of Rydal-hall, Baronet ;
She died
July 10—1786,
Aged 30.
The remembrance of her virtues,
like her person
exquisitely amiable,
is stamped upon the minds
of her sorrowing connexions
in a character
bold and indelible.
Near the above is another mural monument
which is thus inscribed —
Within
this Church
are deposited the remains of
GEORGE EDWARD STANLEY, Esq.
with whose benevolence
as a
Christian,
in all the social duties of
Husband, Father, and Friend,

PARISH OF PONSONBr. 293
were happily blended
the refined manners
ofthe
Gentleman.
He departed this life,
Nov. 17, 1806,
Aged 59,
transmitting to his son,
who with veneration erects this tablet
to his memory,
A name and property,
honorably upheld through many
a Generation.
On the same wall, farther eastward, is a free
stone tablet, with arms, and two rude figures, to
the memory of Thomas Curwen, Esq., ob. 1633,
son of Sir Henry Curwen, of Workington-hall,
knight; the whole surrounded by a moulding
enriched with the tooth ornament, of a much
older date, and apparently removed for that pur
pose. In the church-yard, on the south side of the
church, is a gravestone, bearing the following
remarkable inscription, which records an honor
able instance of self-denial, well deserving of being
placed on record : —
Within this Tomb is contained all that was mortal of JOHN FLET
CHER of Struddabank, who willingly laid down His frail corruptible
Body in the dust, because he firmly believ'd it would be restored to him
again incorruptible and full of Glory. As to his conversation the last
Day will discover what manner of man he was. He marryed Anne
daughter to William & Elizabeth Mawson, by whom he had one son ;
Short were the joys of his marriage state, but many, Laborious and full
of trouble the Days, of his widdowhood, But as the love of his son brought
all these upon him, so he cheerfully underwent them to procure for him
a most Liberal Education ; Nor was he disappointed in his wishes, for
notwithstanding the narrowness of his Circumstances, he gave him Eleven
2 p

294 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
years University Eduoation, and liv'd to see him Chaplain of Queen's
College in Oxford. This stone was plaoed by order of his gratefull and
sarxowfuU son, to perpetuate so rare an Instance of Paternal affection so
far beyond the Father's abilities, and of so uncommon a Desire in a man
of his Education to Promote Religion and Learning. He was Born in
Wasdale-Head, Uv'd 73 years, and dyed on the 5th of August — Anno
Dom: 1716.
Thus man Ueth down & riseth not till ye Heavens be no more.
B Cole, Oxon Feet. —

€f)e ifartet) ot ©o^fortft

lONTAINS the four town
ships or constablewicks of
Gosforth, Boonwood and
Seascale, High Bolton, and
Low Bolton. It extends
about five miles in length,
I and two in breadth ; and is
bounded on the west, by
the Irish Sea ; on the south, by the parishes of
Drigg and Irton ; on the east, by the parish of
Irton and the chapelry of Nether- Wasdale ; and
on the north, by, the parish of Ponsonby.
It appears from the register that in the year
1599, upwards of one hundred deaths ocurred in
this parish, which at that period contained only
about 600 or 700 inhabitants. This great mor
tality was probably occasioned by the plague, as
that terrible scourge visited several parts of
Cumberland at about the same period.
The population of this parish, at Easter, 1840,
was 1041, as taken by the Rev. Francis Ford
Pinder, M.A. the rector, who has in his possession
a Pictish axe of stone, which was found here a few
years since in a moss. A copper battle-axe was
also found at the depth of four feet in the moss
at Bolton Wood.
This parish, although not mountainous, has
rather a high situation ; it consists chiefly of a
2 p 2

296 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
light red sandy soil, and abounds with freestone.
Neither coal nor limestone are found here. The
lands were enclosed under an act of parliament
passed in 1810, by which allotments were made
to the rector in lieu of tithes. By that act also
six acres of land were allotted for the purpose of
holding the two annual fairs at Boonwood ; — on
the 25th of April, for horned cattle ; and on the
18th of October for foals and cattle.
The poor-stock belonging to this parish was
certified in 1717, ofthe value of 24/. the interest
of which was distributed annually at Easter : 25s.
per annum are now paid from this source.
The village of Gosforth, which is irregularly
built, is near the road from Whitehaven to Ul
verston, six miles S.S.E. of Egremont, and five
miles north of Ravenglass. Near the village is a
modern mansion — the seat of Sir Humphrey le
Fleming Senhouse, K.C.H. and C.B., a younger
brother of Sampson Senhouse, Esq. of the Par
sonage, Ponsonby.
Near Seascale is the site of a Druid's temple,
the stones of which were all removed and buried
by a person who farmed the Seascale-hall estate,
excepting one which was left standing.
The Manor of Gosforth.
Mr. John Denton says, " above Dregg lies the
parish, manor, and town of GosfOrd, whereof the
Gosfords, an ancient family in those parts, took
their sirname ; Robert Gosford, the last of their
house, left his lands to be divided amongst five
coheirs; 1st, Mariotte, the wife of Allan Caddy,
eldest daughter and coheir of Robert Gosford. —

PARISH OF GOSFORTH. 297
2nd, Isabel, the wife of Henry Hustock, his second
daughter. — 3rd, Johan, the wife of John Garth,
his third daughter. — 4 th, Ellen, the wife of Wil
liam Kirby, his fourth daughter. — And 5th, John
Multon, the son of Agnes Eastholme, the fifth
daughter and coheir of Robert Gosford. In the
2nd year of King Edward III. Sarah, the widow
of Robert Leybourn, held Caddy's part ; John
Penyston, Kirkby's part ; and the said John Mul
ton the residue ; but now Pennington, Kirkby,
and Senhouse of S°askall, hold it."
Mr. Robert Copley — who was for seventeen
years steward to Sir William Pennington of
Muncaster, during his minority, and who held
the office of chief-bailiff of Copeland forest under
the Earl of Northumberland — purchased Kirkby's
part, and is said to have " built a large handsome
house, with orchards and gardens suitable," which,
in 1776, were represented as "much in decay."
Gosforth Hall, which formerly belonged to the
Gosforths or Gosfords, closely adjoins the church,
and is now occupied as a farm-house. The pre
sent structure was probably built by the Copleys,
about the reign of Queen Elizabeth. Over an
C
old chimney-piece, in a knot, are the initials t> t
(Richard and Jane Copley) and the date 1673.
The family of Gosforth became extinct early
in the fourteenth century : the coheiresses mar
ried Caddy, Hustock, Garth, Kirkby, and Est-
holme, as stated above.
The Manor of Bolton.
This manor in the reign of Edward I. belonged

298 allerdale ward, above derwent.
to the Waybergthwaites ; and in the 23rd year
of that reign William de Waybergthwaite held 10/.
lands there, of Thomas de Multon of Gilsland,
and his land in Waybergthwaite of the lord of
Millom. In the 35th Henry 8. William Kirkby held the
manor of Bolton of the king as of his castle of
Egremont, by knight's service, paying yearly 10s.
cornage, and seawake, homage, suit of court, and
witnessman. At the same time he held lands
and tenements in Gosforth and Cleator, by the
like homage, fealty, and suit of court, and paying
to the king a fee farm rent of 8s. for the lands in
Gosforth, and 2s. for the lands in Cleator; and
2s. seawake, and also puture of two Serjeants.
It was afterwards the estate of Lancelot Sen-
house, whose father was third brother ofthe house
of Seascales, and he had it by grant from the
lord thereof, his brother.*
Charles Lutwidge, Esq., (in 1777) and his
younger brothers, Henry and Admiral Skeffington,
were successively proprietors of this manor. It
was sold after the death of Henry, and purchased
by the Admirahf from whom it descended to his
nephew, Major Skeffington Lutwidge, the present
lord. The Manor of Seascale and Newton.
Seascale was anciently the seat of the family
of SenhouseJ who possessed it for many genera-
* Nicolson and Burn. f See page 204.
J A pedigree of this ancient family will be given in Derwent Ward,
under the parish of Cross-Canonby, in which they have resided for about
a century and a half.

PARISH OF GOSFORTH. 299
tions. In 1688 it was the seat of John Senhouse,
Esq., and was subsequently purchased by Mr.
Blaylock, a Whitehaven merchant, whose daugh
ter and heiress married Augustus Earl, Esq. from
whom it passed to his two sisters, coheiresses,
and eventually to the Lutwidge family. After
the death of Charles Lutwidge, Esq. the manor
of Newton and Seascale was purchased by Samp
son Senhouse, Esq., of London, (nephew of the
late Humphrey Senhouse, Esq., of Netherhall)
whose younger brother, Sir Humphrey le Fleming
Senhouse, K.C.H., C.B., is the present lord. The
mansion, Seascale-hall, is now a farm-house. On
the wall is an escutcheon, cut in stone, of the
arms of Senhouse quartered with Ponsonby, with
the initials T. S. and M. S. and the date 1606.
It is remarkable that the arms of Senhouse as
put up here are — party per pale, argent and
gules, on the first a parrot, and not (as now
borne by the family) or, a parrot proper.
The Church.
The benefice is a rectory, rated in the King's
Books at 17/. 14s. Id. and was certified to the
governors of Queen Ann's bounty at the clear
yearly improved value of 351.
In the 8th Edward III., William Pennington,
of Muncaster, Esq., died seized of the advowson
of this church. Afterwards, the patronage ap
pears to have been in the crown ; and in the 6th
Edward VI., the said king, by his letters patent,
granted the advowson and right of patronage to
Fergus Greyme, gentleman, his heirs and assigns.
And in the 6th Elizabeth, March 22, there was

300 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
a licence to Fergus Greyme to alienate the same
(holden of the queen in capite) to Thomas Sen-
house, gentleman, for the fine of 16s. lOd. paid
into the hanaper.
The advowson and right of patronage of this
rectory and church was acquired, 6th Elizabeth,
by Thomas Senhouse, Esq., and the church is
now in the patronage of Sir Humphrey le Flem
ing Senhouse, K.C.H. and C.B. (captain of H.
M. S. Blenheim) as lord of the manor of Sea
scale. On the enclosure of the commons (under
an act passed in 1810), lands were allotted to
the rector in lieu ot tithes. The living is entered
as follows in the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry
VIII :—
Gosforthe Sectoria Eccl'ie.
Edw'dus Kellett inoumbens Rector' p'dca.
valet in „ ,
Mansione cum eleba per an-? ' .. '
° r >  XXXVI] •
num S
Decim' granos. vij£. ijs. viijd.
Ian' et agnell' iiij£. xiijs.
minut' et privat' decim'1
cum oblac' ut in libro/XVJ 1I1J
paschal' iiij£. viijs. iiijd.
In tot' Repris' viz in £ s. d.
Sinod' ijs. jd. procurac' iiijs. xd. — vj vj

£ s. d.
Xxviij — xij

£ s. d.
Et valet clare xvij xiiij vij
Xma. ps. inde — xxxv v ob'
List of Rectors.
 Edward Kellett, occurs, 1535.
1662 John Benn.
1676 Thomas Morland.

PARISH OF GOSFORTH. 301
1738 Peter Murthwaite.
1774 Charles C. Church.
1809 Henry Bragg, ob. 1827.
1827 James Lowther Senhouse, M.A.*
1835 Francis Ford Pinder, M.A.f
The Church of Gosforth, a remarkably neat
structure, dedicated in honor of St. Mary, under
went a very extensive repair, a considerable por
tion having been rebuilt, in 1789, by which nearly
all its marks of antiquity were effaced. It consists
of a nave and chancel, of equal height. The
western end is surmounted by a bell-turret (carry
ing two modern bells), which formed part ofthe
old building, and bears the date 1654. The
chancel-arch also remains : it is pointed ; the
piers are Norman, with grotesque heads, and the
architrave may be of the time of the second or
third Edward. The chancel extended several
yards farther eastward, until the alterations were
effected in 1789. The windows are all modern
and barbarous in design. The bell-turret stood
formerly at the east end of the nave, and was at
that time removed to its present position. The
church is crowded with three galleries ; that at
the west end contains an organ. The font is
uncanonical both in size and situation, — it is not
sufficiently capacious, and it is placed near the
altar, (see pages 132 — 135). In an old chest on
the staircase is a black letter copy of the Book of
Homilies, folio, 1633. The registers commence
in 1571.
* Of Trinity College, Cambridge ; resigned in 1835 : now vicar of
Sawley, co. Derbyshire.
t Of Trinity College, Cambridge.
2 Q

302 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The only monument in the church is one on
the north wall of the chancel, — a marble tablet,
with this inscription : —
CATHERINE
youngest daughter of
Robert Allan, of Edinburgh, Banker, and
Wife of Charles Parker, of Parknook,
Died the 11th of February 1825,
Aged thirty-nine.
'•Blessed are the dead which die in the Lord."
Rev. 14 e. 13 v.
In the church-yard, on the south side of the
church, is a cross of British or Danish origin.*
It is fourteen feet in height ; and about fourteen
inches mean diameter ; the lower part, which is
fixed in a pedestal of three steps, is rounded, but
the upper part, being rather more than half the
length, is nearly square. The summit is perforated
with four holes. " The four sides, are enriched
with various guilloches, and other ornaments,
besides several figures of men and animals in bas-
relief ; it is remarkable that the figure of a man
on horseback on the north side is repeated upside
down, and another is represented in the same
manner, on the west side." There was formerly
" a fellow column, at about seven feet distance,
with an horizontal stone between the two, on
which was rudely cut the figure of a large and
antique sword. This stone has been taken away
within memory [in 1799]; and the cross which
crowned the two columns, after that column was
cruelly cut down and converted into a style for
a sun-dial, was put into the parson's garden of
• Engraved in Lysons's Magna Britannia, and in the Gentleman's
Magazine, 1799.

PARISH OF GOSFORTH. 303
Gosforth and there remains."* On the column
which was destroyed were two indistinct "figures
of horses and men." The cross and the pillar
were probably placed at each end of a grave, at
some very remote period, like the two pillars in
the church-yard of Penrith (see vol. i. Leath
Ward, page 57).
The present rector, the Rev. Francis Ford
Pinder, M.A. has in his possession fragments of
one or two other crosses, supposed to have been
found in different parts of the church-yard. They
appear by their workmanship to have been erected
at least at as early a period as before the Con
quest ; and are probably portions of the cross
which was destroyed.
The church-yard is kept in good order : neither
nettles nor rubbish-heaps are allowed to offend
the eye within the consecrated enclosure. Two
aged yew-trees stand to the east of the church.
The church-yard affords an extensive prospect,
terminating in the east by a magnificent mountain
range. The rectory-house is a pleasant residence,
closely adjoining the church-yard.
• Gentleman's Magazine, Oct. 1799.

2 q 2

€!)* $ atrial) of St. iSritrget.

HE parish of St. Bridget,
[Beckermet, is of a long
parrow shape,, extending
east and west nearly eight
miles, but its breadth in
no part exceeding one mile
and a half. It is bounded
on the south-east by the
Calder, which divides it
from the parish of Pon
sonby ; on the west, by the Irish sea ; on the
north, by the parishes of Hale and St. John's, and
on the east, by the mountains of Copeland Forest.
The parish is not divided into townships : it con
tains part of the villages of Beckermet and Cal-
der-Bridge, and the hamlets of Yotton-Fews,
Sella-Field, and Skalderskew.
The soil of the western part of this parish is
light and fertile ; but towards the east, nearer the
fells, it is cold and barren. Neither lime nor coal
are found here, but the parish contains some
quarries of free-stone. At the latter end of the
last century the rents of the land in this parish
averaged only 15s. per acre. There is a salmon-
fishery at the mouth of the Calder. Sella-field
tarn, in this parish, is a small lake, containing
perch and other fish. Towards the eastern ex-

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 305
tremity of the parish are Cald-fell (the source of
the Calder) and Wasdale-fells, which afford pas
ture for large flocks of sheep.
The following is Mr. Sandford's account of this
parish : — " Two miles southward you have the
little river of Cawder, a pretty stone bridge but
of one arch, and a church upon the hill above it,
and the said river, a little above the bridge, com
ing thoroogh the abbie of Cawder, whose ruins shew
their antiquity and  and sometime after
the fatal fall of Abbies, this came into the hands
and possession of the late judge Hutton of the
Comon pleas [?] and he exchanged it with Monsr.
Kighley of Yorkshire, for Goldsborow in York
shire, a little from Wetherby : where the said
judge Hutton's name and fame lives at this
day."* The Manor of Great Beckermet
Is so called to distinguish it from the manor of
Little Beckermet, in the adjoining parish of St.
John. This manor has constantly attended the
demesne of the barony of Egremont; it was
the property of the late Earl of Egremont, by
whom it was bequeathed, with his other Cum
berland estates, to his son, Major-General Henry
Wyndham, of Cockermouth castle, the present
lord. One estate, however, called Calder lordship, in
which the church is situated, is held under the
Earl of Lonsdale.
* Mg. Dean Mid Chapter Library, Carlisle.

306 ALLERDALE ward, above derwent.
Sella Pare.
Sella Park is an ancient retired mansion-house,
one mile and a half from the mouth ofthe Calder.
This was formerly the property of the monks of
the adjoining abbey of Calder, who had here a
deer-park. On the dissolution of chantries, Sella
Park was granted to Sir Henry Curwen, of Work
ington, knight, (knight ofthe shire 6th Edward VI.
and 1st Elizabeth) whose grandson Darcy Curwen,
Esq. built the present dwelling, now occupied as
a farm-house. Having been purchased from that
family by George Edward Stanley, Esq. of Pon
sonby-hall, it is now the property of his son,
Edward Stanley, Esq. M.P.
Mr. Sandford speaks of it as " a pretty house
called Scella park hall ; But neither parke nor
deer about it, but brave sport with riding and
striking of fflounders and other fish, with fishers
in the shallow river running brood upon the sand;
which sport I myself have been at ; and have
seen two men, one at either end of the nett, the
tide coming upon the sands, wade into the sea
with a nett of a great compass, till the waves have
stroke above their sholders, so as you could see
nothing but their heads, and bring forth some
times pretty store of salmon, codlins, killings, and
other fishes, and sometimes nothing."*
The Church.
The church of St. Bridget was appropriated to
the adjoining abbey of Calder, previous to the
* MS. Dean and Chapter Library, Carlisle.

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 307
year 1262. Until the dissolution of that abbey,
this parish, and those of St. John's and Arlecdon,
(see page 16,) were under the spiritual care of
the monks of that house. On the dissolution of
religious houses, the parish was left nearly desti
tute, as the revenues of the church were not
restored, but granted to the Flemings of Rydal :
so that from this time until about the year 1838,
the adjoining parishes of St. Bridget and St. John
were under the spiritual care of one curate, who
officiated in each church alternately. In the
time of Bishop Bridgman, who held the see of
Chester from 1619 to 1657, these two parishes
paid synodals and procurations jointly ; but, since
that time, they have been exempt, "by reason of
their poverty." The church of St. Bridget was
certified to the governors of Queen Ann's bounty
of the clear annual value of 11.
John Fleming, Esq. gave the church of St.
Bridget to Sir Jordan Crossland, knight, on his
marriage with his daughter ; . whose daughters
and coheiresses sold it to Richard Patrickson, Esq.
It afterwards passed to the families of Todd and
Gaitskell; and in 1840, was purchased by Thomas
Irwin, Esq. of Calder abbey.
The living is not entered in the Valor Ecclesi
asticus of Henry VIII. excepting as being appro
priated to Calder abbey.
This church is detached from the village of
Beckermet ; from which it is distant about half
a mile south-west. It stands in a lonely situation,
and although not on a low ground, yet scarcely a
house can be seen from the church-yard. The
church is an ancient edifice, but hke many others
in this county, its antiquity has been carefully

308 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
concealed by modernizing improvements. It con
sists of a nave and chancel : at the west end, over
the entrance, is a bell-turret, carrying two bells.
The chancel-arch is pointed, with plain mould
ings ; beneath it are placed the pulpit and read
ing-desk. There are no monuments in the interior.
The oak-roof was covered about the year 1808,
by a plaster ceiling, as dazzling as white-wash
can make it. This is probably the concluding
improvement. At the same the church was pewed.
The south porch has been destroyed — probably
under the idea that it was no longer necessary to
have an appendage to the church which modern
religious utilitarians consider as convenient only
for scraping shoes in. There was formerly a
narrow square-headed door on the south side of
the chancel : this is blocked up ; as also two
windows of two round-headed lights each, under
square dripstones.
On the south side of the church-yard are two
stone pillars, in close juxtaposition, each fixed
in a large flat stone ; the lower part of each is
round, the upper part square : one of them, five
feet eight inches high, is ornamented with the
double guilloche, so common among the Roman
architectural ornaments ; the other with an elegant
double scroll, enriched with foliage on the east
side : and on the west, are the remains of an inscrip
tion, apparently Saxon, but in too decayed a state
to afford any satisfactory conjecture as to its
import ; it is probably only a fragment, as the
upper part of each of these pillars is broken off.*
A new church is now being erected at Calder-
* Lysons.

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 309
Bridge, in this parish, at the sole expence of
Thomas Irwin, Esq. of Calder-abbey. The lo
cality of the old church being very inconvenient
for the parishioners, Mr. Irwin has been induced
to erect another in a more central part of the
parish. It is in the form of a cross, and has a
tower with four pinnacles at the end. The win
dows are narrow lancets. It is in a crowded site,
and has no room for a burial ground.
Calder Abbey.
Calder abbey was founded A.D. 1134, by
Ranulph de Meschines (the second of that name),
for monks of the Cistercian order,* and dedi
cated (as was usual with houses of that order) in
honor of the blessed Virgin Mary. Leland
speaks of it, as " Caldher abbey of whyte monks
yn Copeland, not very far from St. Beges and
nere to Egremont Castle." Mr. John Denton
says, " howbeit, I think it was not perfected till
Thomas de Multon finished the works, and estab
lished a greater convent of monks there."
This was a filiation from the abbey of St. Mary,
in Furness,f and West's "Antiquities of Furness"
contains the following account of the proceedings
• There appears to have been only one other religious house of that
order in the county -the abbey of Holme-Cultram, whose very ruins
have been most disgracefully pilfered away, leaving only a portion of the
nave, which is now fitted up as a parish-church.
t The rich abbey of Furness had under her nine houses, four of which
were filiations from that monastery : — 1, Calder abbey ; 2, Swinshead,
or Swynsheved abbey, in Lincolnshire ; 3, the abbey of Russin, in Man ;
4, Fermoi, in Ireland; 5, Ynes; 6, Holy Cross; 7, Wythnea; 8, Cork-
onrouth; 9, Ynefelughen; with Arkelo, and Bello-Becio.
2 R

310 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
of those who detached themselves from that
monastery. — Gerold, abbot of Calder, having
been "detached from the abbey of Furness, anno
35 Hen. I. with twelve monks, to found the ab
bey of Caldre, in Coupland, in the county of
Cumberland, which, as has been observed, they
had by the gift of William, nephew to David,
king of Scots, and where they remained four
years, when David, making an inroad into those
parts, Gerold with his brethren, returned for
refuge to the mother monastery, in Furness.
This happened about the third of king Stephen.
"The abbot of Furness refused to receive
Gerold and his companions, reproaching them
with cowardice for abandoning their monastery,
and alleging that it was rather the love of that
ease and plenty which they expected in Furness,
than the devastation of the Scottish army, that
forced them from Caldre. Some writers say, that
the abbot of Furness insisted that Gerold should
divest himself of his authority, and absolve the
monks from their obedience to him, as a condi
tion of their receiving any relief, or being again
admitted into their old monastery. This, Gerold
and his companions refused to do, and turning
their faces from Furness, they, with the remains
of their broken fortune, which consisted of little
more than some clothes and a few books, with
one cart and eight oxen, taking providence for
their guide, went in search of better hospitality.
" The result of their next day's resolution was
to address themselves to Thurstan, archbishop
of York, and beg his advice and relief: the re
ception they met with from him, answered their
wishes ; the archbishop graciously received them,

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 311
and charitably entertained them for some time,
then recommended them to Gundrede de Aubig-
ny, who sent them to Robert de Alneto her
brother, a hermit, at Hode, where she supplied
them with necessaries for some time. Gerold
afterwards went to Serlo, abbot of Savigni, who
received his dependance on that house, anno
1142 ; but dying at York on his return, Roger,
one of his companions from Caldre, succeeded
him in his abbacy.
" The abbot of Furness, understanding that
Gerold had obtained a settlement at Hode, in
the east riding of Yorkshire, sent another colony,
with Hardred, a Furness monk, for their abbot,
to settle at Caldre. After Roger had quitted
Hode, and obtained a seat at Byland, Hardred
abbot of Caldre challenged a jurisdiction over his
house at Byland, in right of filiation, as belong
ing to the abbey of Caldre, from whence they
had departed ; but after some altercation, Hard-
red renounced all right to Roger.
" The abbot of Furness still claiming a sub
jection from Roger and his monks, the question
was at last submitted to a reference, of which
Aldred, abbot of Reival, was umpire ; when in
presence of several abbots and monks, of different
monasteries, judgment was given against the
abbot of Furness."
The possessions of the abbey at an early period
will appear from the following confirmation of
grants by Henry II.
Henncus rex, Sfc. salutem. Sciatis, nos intuitu Dei et
pro salutse anitnse nostrae et animariim anteccssorum et
haeredum nostrorum, concessisse ct hac carta nostra confir-
masse abbati et monachis de Kaldra, omnes terras et tene-
menta subscripta; viz. Ex dono Kadulphi Meschin terrain
2 r 2

312 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
de Kaldra, cum pertinentiis suis, in qua abbatia de Kaldra^
fundata est; et Bemertone et Holegate, cum omnibus perti
nentiis suis; et unam mansuram in burgo de Egremount;
et duas Salinas de Withane ; et piscariam de Derwent ; et
piscariam de Egre ; et pascua ad omnia animalia eorum in
foresta ipsius Radulphi, quantum eis opus fuerit ; et ea quae
necessaria fuerint salmis et piscariis suis, et aedificiis domo-
rum suarum, et porcis suis sine pasnagio, per totam terram
praedicti Radulphi, sicut suis propriis. — Ex dono Johannes
filii Adae et Matthei fratris ejus, totam terram de Stavenerge
cum pertinentiis suis. — Ex dono Roberti Bonekill unam
carucatam terrse in Parvo Gillecruz, quam Radulphus cleri-
cus de Karl' tenuit, cum omnibus pertinentiis suis ; et 12
acras et unam perticatam terras in Minori Gillecruz ; et
unam acram prati quod est inter Minorem Gillecruz et
Majorem Gillecruz; et pasturam ad 20 boves et 12 vaccas
et 6 equos cum sequela eorum unius anni. — Ex dono Ro-
geri filii Willielmi, totam terram quam habet in Ikelinton et
Brachampton, et totam partem quam habet in molendino de
Brachampton. — Ex dono Richardi de Lucy, medietatem
molendini de Ikelinton, cum tota sequela ad ipsam medieta
tem molendini pertinente. — Ex dono Beatricis de Molle,
quinque bovatas terras cum pertinentiis suis in Minori
Gillecruch, et quartern partem molendini de Majori Gille
cruch. — Ex dono Thomas filii Gospatricii unum toftum sex
perticarum & quartas partis unius perticatas in longitudine et
quatuor in latitudine in Wirkintone ; et 20 Salmones annua-
tim ad festum Sancti Johannes Baptistae; et unum rete in
Derewent, inter pontem et mare. — Ex dono Thomae de
Moleton medietatem villae de Dereham in Airedale, cum
advocatione ecclesias ejusdem villas, et cum omnibus aliis
pertinentiis suis. Quare volo, &c. quod praedicti abbas et
monachi et eorum successores habeant et teneant omnes
terras et tenementa prsedicta, bene et in pace, libere et in-
tegre, cum omnibus libertatibus et liberis consuetudinibus
ad praedictas terras et tenementa pertinentibus, sicut cartae
praedictornm donatoriim quas inde habent rationabiliter
testantur. Hiis testibus; H. de Burgo, S. de Sedgrave,
Philippo de Albim, Radulpho filio Nicholai, Godefrido de
Caucrumbe, G. Dispensatore, H. de Capella, et aliis. Datum
apud Westmonasterium 19 die Aprilis.*
In the year 1262, the churches of St. John
• Dugd. Mon., i. 774.

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 313
Baptist, Beckermet, and St. Michael, Arlecdon,
were appropriated to this abbey ; as stated in the
following extracts from the register of Godfrey
de Ludham, archbishop of York : —
Concessio abbatis & conventus de Caldra quod archiepisc.
ordinet de ecclesiis de Bekermet & Arlokedene.
Reverendo in Christo patri Godefrido Eboracensi archi-
episcopo Angliae primati devoti obedientiae filii Willielmus
Dei patientia abbas de Caldra, et ejusdem loci conventus,
salutem reverentiam, & honorem. Licet in ecclesiis sancti
Johannes Baptistae de Bechermet, & sancti Michaslis de
Arlokedene in Coupland jus habeamus patronatus, cum
exinde nullus, vel rarus fructus provenit, cum propter preces
magnatum, provisiones, Sc alia varia quae obsistunt, nobis
cum vacaveriijt, libera facultas non suppetat presentandi.
Immo dum quoruiidam precibus annuimus, & inviti, aliorum
frequenter multorum indignationem incurrimus, & magno-
rum: ideoque paternitati vestrae reverendae, devote sup-
plicamus, quatinus de praedictis ecclesiis ordinationemfacere
velitis purpetuo duraturam, per quam commodum monas-
terio nostro accrescat, Sc archidiaconatui Richemundias, ad
quern institutiones sequestra ecclesiarum vacantium pertinent
& collatio posset ex causis variis pertinere. Nos autem
ordinationem quam feceritis de predictis ecclesiis gratam
habebimus, 8c acceptam, & imperpetuum observabimus, &
scripti nostri munimine confirmabimus, & faciemus futuris
temporibus inviolabiter observari. In cujus rei testimonium
praesenti scripto sigillum nostrum duximus apponendum.
Datum mense Novembris anno domini MCClxij.
Ordinatio archiepiscopi super ecclesiis predictis.
Universis presentes literas inspecturis G. Dei gratia Ebor-
acensis archiepiscopus, Angliae primas, salutem in domino
sempiternam. Dilecti filii abbas de Caldra, & ejusdem loci
conventus Cisterciensis ordinis, ecclesias sancti Johannis
Baptistae de Bechirmet, & sancti Michaelis de Arlokedene
in Coupland archidiaconatu Richemundias, nostra diocesi,
commiserunt nostrae ordinationi perpetuo duraturae, in
quibus licet jus obtineant patronatus, rarus tamen, vel
modicus eis exinde fructus pervenit, cum eis non suppetat,
praesentandi libera facultas, propter preces potentum, pro
visiones, & alia varia quae obsistunt. Nos igitur eorum votis
innuentes, de praedictis ecclesiis taliter ordinamus ; videlicet

314 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
quod ecclesia sancti Johannis de Bechirmet, quae domui de
Caldra propinqua Sc parochiae sanctae Bridgittae quam habent
contigua, ipsis assignavimus post decessum vel cessionera
Willielmi nunc rectoris, in usus proprios convertendam, S:
perpetuo rctinendam, ut per hoc elemosina domus augeatur,
& conventus sustentatio amplietur. Et quia per hoc in se-
questris, institutionibus, §¦ collationibus, quae variis accidere
posscnt, non detrahatur juri archidiaconi Kichemundiae: in
recompensationom horum, ecclesiam de Arlokedene, post
decessum, vel ccssionem Alani, qui earn nunc tenet, ordina
mus archidiaconatui fore perpetuo annexam, 8f in usus archi
diaconi convertendam, qui nullum in Coupland habet recep-
taculum, cum ipsum oporteat tif suos oflicialcs ad partes
illas, per loca fabulosa, §• a.juarum inundationcs, Sf varias
tcm]<estates accedere pro causis discutiendis $¦ excessibus
cogncsccndis, ^-corrigindis, uthabcnsreceptaculumproprium
libei ius Sf plenius excerceat ea quae ad curam pertinent anima-
rum, quae in transitu fieri commode non valerent. Et ut
haec nostra ordinatio rata Sf stabilis imperpetuum perseveret
earn sigilli nostri munimine duximus roborandam. Actum
apud Cawode xiiij. kalendas Januarii anno Domini MCClxij.
Sir John le Fleming, of Beckermet, knight,
ancestor ofthe Flemings of Rydal-hall, Westmor
land, gave lands in Great Beckermet to this
abbey, in the 26th Henry III., 1242. He died
duiing that long reign, and was buried in the
abbey. It was either he or his father who gave
the rectory and advowson of the church of St.
John to this abbey.
Cicely, Countess of Albemarle and lady of
Copeland (daughter of William Fitz-Duncan,
Earl ot Murray, son of Duncan, brother of David,
King of Scotland), made a confirmation to the
house of Chaldra (Calder) and the monks there,
of Chaldra, Bemerton, and Holgate, a manse
{mansuram) in the borough of Egremont, two
salt-pans in Withoue, one fishery in the Derwent
and another in the Egre, with sufficient pasture
in her forest, and all things necessary for their

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 3l5
salt-pans, fisheries, houses, and swine, without
pannage — all which possessions and privileges
were granted to that house, by her great-grand
father, Ranulph de Meschines — and to which she
added in this charter the gift of Stovenerge, with
its appurtenances, in free alms for ever, and
whatever had been granted to them in the charters
and writings of former donors ; and all privileges
they had enjoyed under her ancestors, particularly
soe and sac, toll and them, and infangenthef.
The witnesses to this charter are — " Rob.
ostabulario . Ysaac d. scheftling . Symone
d. scheftlig . Willo. d. chirtelig . Willo. d.
scheftling . Thoma capellano comitisse."*
William de Esseby and Hectred his wife, for
the health of their own souls, ofthe souls of their
parents, and of their lord, William, Earl of Albe
marle/}" and of his wife Cicely, and of Ingelram,
the earl's brother, &c. gave to Almighty God and
the Blessed Virgin, and to the abbey of Chaldra,
in free alms, Beckeremet and its appurtenances,
as well in waters as pastures, with the mill and
the fishery in the Ehgena. The deed is signed
by the following ecclesiastics, in the adjoining
parishes: — "Ricardus prior de Sancta Bega;
Robertus, presbyter de Puncunesby; Rogerus,
presbyter de Egremund ; Jurdanus, persona de
Goseford ; Ricardus, filius Osberti de Sancta
• From an ancient charter (published in Archaologia JEliana) the
original of which was, in 1830, "in the possession of William John
Charlton, of Hesleyside, Esq., and came into his family, in 1680, by the
marriage of his great-great-grandfather, with Mary, daughter of Francis
Salkeld, of Whitehall, in the parish of All-Hallows, in Cumberland,
Esq.." t Husband ofthe above-named Cicely, lady of Copeland.

316 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Brigida ; Ricardus, ejusdem ecclesie vicarius ;
Ketel, Alius Vlf."*
Richard de Boisville, (whose name does not
occur in any pedigree of the family we have
seen) in like manner gave to the abbot of Caldra
and the monks serving God there, nine acres of
land in his part of Caldretun, with common of
pasture and other appurtenances. The witnesses,
including many of the neighbouring ecclesiastics,
are — "Robtus. decanus . Robt. psbr. de 'pun-
chunebi . Robt. psbr. d. Egremd. . Ricard.
psbr. d. becchiremd . Wills, de boisuilla . Johs.
fili. ade . Alexand. fili. ade . Gilebtus. fr.
ei. . Gilebt. de boisuile . Woldef de beckir-
meth . Ada. fili. Ketelli . yuuain de Hale.
et mlti. alij."f
The three preceding charters bear no date.
Another, preserved as above, states that John de
Hudleston, J in the 15th Edward I., granted to
the abbey of Caldra pasture for four horses, and
for six cows and their calves of one year's old, and
for forty sheep and their lambs until one year's
old, in the common-pasture of Milnum, on condi
tion of not keeping a greater quantity of cows,
horses, or sheep as appendages to their salt pans
there, saving to the monks there the other pri
vileges granted to them in the charters of his
ancestors ; and further granting to them that
their place for carrying on their salt works, at
Sandslof, should contain two acres, and that thev
might turn the Ruttanpul on such manner that
it should do no injury to their said works. Wit-
• From an ancient charter, as stated in p. 315. + Ibid.
% This must be Sir John Hudleston, knight, see pp. 155, 156.

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 317
nesses — "Dno. Robto. de hauerington . Willmo.
de Betham . Willmo. de Thuaytes . Johe.
Corbet . Johanne de Morthing. et aliis. Dat.
apud Milnum in mense aprilis Anno Regni Reg.
Edwardi filii Reg. Henr. quintodecimo."
Another document, preserved as above, is very
curious, being an assignment made in 1291, by
John, son of John de Hudleston, of William, son
of Richard de Loftscales, formerly his native, with
all his retinue and chattels, to the abbot and
monks of Caldra. " It is, in fact, that species of
grant of freedom to a slave, which is called ma
numission implied, in which the lord yields up all
obligation to bondage, on condition of the native
agreeing to an annual payment of money on a
certain day. The clause, ' so that from this time
they may be free, and exempt from all state ser
vitude and reproach of villainage from me and
my heirs,' is very curious, especially to persons
of our times, in which there has been so much
said about the pomp of Eastern lords, and the
reproachful slavery in which their dependents are
still kept. Here the monks of Caldra redeemed
a man his family and property from slavery, on
condition of his paying them the small sum of
two-pence a year. The Hudleston family were
seated at Milium, in the time of Henry the Third,
when they acquired that estate, by the marriage
of. John de Hudleston with the lady Joan, the
heiress ofthe Boisville family. Slavery, continued
to thrive on the soil of Northumberland long af
ter the time of Edward the First : for in 1470,
Sir Roger Widdrington manumitted his native,
William Atkinson, for the purpose of making him
2 s

318 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.

I £ S. d.-
>— lx —

his bailiff of Woodhorn."* The witnesses to this
deed are — Willmo. Wailburthuait . Willmo.
Thuaites . Johe. de mordling . Johe. Cor
bet . Johe. de Halle et aliis."
The possessions of this abbey are thus entered
in the Valor Ecclesiasticus, 26th Henry VIII.
1535 :—
Abbathia de Cauder.
Ric'us abbas ib'm.
Com' Cumbr'.
Templia. Valet in
Situ abbathie pdce. cum gar-'
dinis pomar' pvis. claus' 8c
molend' infrapcint.'ejusdm
abbathie p. annu. . .
Dnijs. terr' 8c tent', villis 8T
villat' subscript' vis. dnii.
de Cauder xiijj. villa de
Ponsaby xiijs. iiijc?. Bra-
shaw xviijs. Bekarment
xxvjs. xiijd. Pycheyng xs. yxlv xv —
Egremund' iijs.vj<#.Butty 11
et Mellom iiijl. villa de
Drege Ixxiijs. injd. villa de
Deram viij?. iijs. xjd. villa
deGylcrouse viij/.vjs.viij<#.
Yklyngton cs. In tot'
Com' Combr'.
Sp'ualia. Valet in
Decim' capelle See. Brigide
viz in aven' ordeo & silig'^
xls. Ian' xxvjs. xiijd. agn'
xiiijs. auc' 8c gall' xs. ob
lac' tribz diebz principa-
libz xjs. minut' & privat'
decim' ut in libro pas-
chali xls. In toto

£ s. d
>xlviij xv —

>xj xvj viij

* Archseologia -cEliana.

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET.

319

lllj Vlj VIIJ

Decim' ecclie. Sci. Johis viz
aven' ordij et siliginis
xxvjs. xiijd. agn' viijs. Ian' i
xiiijs. iiijrf. oblac' tribz\
diebz principal' vs. auc' et/
gallin' iijs. x'djd. minut' et\
privat' decim' ut in libro .
paschal' xxxs. In toto
Decim' ecclie. de Cleter' viz
aven' ordei 8c siliginis
xxxixs. Ian' xjs. xiijd. agn' j
vjs. auc' 8c gallin' iijs. ixd. '
oblac' tribz diebz prenci-/
palibz iiijs. minut' 8c pri-'
vat' decim' ut in libro
paschal' xxs. In tot'

Sma. omi'. tempaliu. 8c sp'ualiu.
abbathie pdce.

£
^¦xv

lllj lllj V

8.
viij

£ s.
lxiiij iij

ilcrowsse 8c 1
Holme p. > .
l. vjs. xiijd. }

s.
xiij

d. ix

Repris'.
Lib'a Firma viz. in
Liba. firma. dno.Rs.ballo. de Gilcrowsse 8c ]
Deram vjs. xiijd. abbat' de
liba. firma de Calder p. annu.
Pens' & Sinod' viz in
Pens' solut' vicar' de Gylcrowsse per com- 3 £ s.
poss' liijs. i\i]d. sinod' & pcurac' pro > — lxiiij
ecclis. predict' xjs. jd. ob' In tot' 3

d.
"ij

d. vob*

Feod' viz in
Feod' Thome Lamplew sen. terr' xxvjs.
viijcf. Thome Dachaund sen. cur' xiijs.
iiijd. Willi. Ponsonby balli. monaster'
lxvjs. viijcf. Johis. Dawson balli. de
Deram xxs. Johis. Adason. balli. de
Gyelcrowse xxs. In tot'

£

8.

2 s 2

d.
viij

320 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.

Elemos' viz. in
Elemos' dat' quatuor paupibz.
senio et infirmitate gra-
vat' diatim existent' infra
abbathiam ex fundac' fund
singli. eos. capiet'. ad vict'
et vestitu. xxs. In tot'
Consili. elemos' dat' 8c dis-""
tribut' paupibz. in festo
Sci. Luce Evangiliste. p.
aiabz. fundat' ex antiqua
fundac' ut in precio uni'
bovis xiijs. iiij c?. et in Cena
Dni. paupibz. ut in pcio.
panis 8c allic' rubeis 8c
albis 8c in argent' pueris
ex antiqua fund' fundat'
xxxvjs. viijc?. Sma. repris'

Et valet clare

d.

s. 1
X

d.

£ s. d.
xiij xiiij v ob'
xvij xiiij v ob'
£ s. d.
1 ix iij ob'
xlvj ix iij ob'

Xma. ps. inde

d.
xj q'

The dissolution of Calder abbey, it is probable,
occurred in 1536, when Henry VIII. dissolved
about 380 of the lesser houses. The revenues of
this abbey were valued by Dugdale, at 501. 9s. 3d.;
and by Speed, at 641. 3s. 9d. By letters patent,
dated 26th July, in the 30th of his reign (1538),
that king granted to Thomas Leigh, L.L.D.* and
his heirs, " the demesne and site of the late abbey
or manor of Calder, and the church, steeple, and

' * Probably this is he who was one of the commissioners for visiting
the monasteries in the four northern counties.

W Kinnebroolc doP

WHLizais sculpt

P J!\i.Lwi IW J-Ca IRi. Jc\±13JS lil> i

5. Jefferson, Carlisle 1842.

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 321
churchyard thereof, and all messuages, lands, te
nements, houses, buildings, barns, dovecotes,
gardens, orchards, waters, ponds, mills, ground
and soil, as well within as nigh unto the site and
precinct of the said monastery ; as also all lands,
tenements, granges, meadows, pastures, woods,
common of pasture, with divers inclosures by
name, containing in the whole 217 acres, at
Calder aforesaid (with divers granges elsewhere)
of the clear yearly value of 13/. 10s. 4d. To hold
of the king in capite by the tenth part of one
knight's fee, and the rent of 27/. Id. in the name
of tenths, to be paid into the court of augmenta
tions." Dr. Leigh's grandson, Ferdinando, sold this
property to Sir Richard Fletcher, of Hutton,
knight, who gave it in marriage with his eldest
daughter, Bridget, to John, second son of Thomas
Patrickson, of Caswell-How, Esq.* His son sold
it to Mr. John Tiffin, of Cockermouth, by whom
it was given to his grandson, John Senhouse, Esq.
The estate passed to Thomas Irwin, Esq. the
present possessor, on his marriage with Mary,
eldest daughter of Joseph Tiffin Senhouse, Esq.
Mr. Irwin resides in a modern mansion closely
adjoining the ruins of the abbey.
Calder Abbeyf is seated on the north banks of
the Calder, nearly a mile west ofthe road leading
from Whitehaven to Ulverston. Like other
houses built by the Cistercians, it is seated in a
secluded valley, beautifully sheltered by hanging
woods, and watered by the river from which it
* See a pedigree ofthe Patricksons under the chapelry of Ennerdale,
in a subsequent part of this volume.
t Engraved in Buck's Views, and Fisher's Northern Tourist.

322 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
takes its name. The ruins are approached from
Calder-Bridge by a pleasant walk on the banks
of the river, well shaded by majestic trees, and
rendered more agreeable by the dashing of the
transparent water over its rocky bed.
At a short distance from the west end of the
abbey stands the porter's lodge, which has a
gateway terminating in two pointed arches.
Of the west front little more than the Norman
door-way now remains, — one of small dimensions,
with three shafts on each side, supporting a
circular arch with plain mouldings, excepting
the exterior one, which is enriched with the
elliptic arched ornament. The nave is late Nor
man ; the south side is entirely gone, not even
the foundations are left, to determine whether
it had a side aisle.* The north side remains :
it is divided from the aisle by five pointed arches
with flat mouldings, springing from circular piers
beautifully festooned with ivy and honeysuckles.
The conventual-church formed a cross, having
north and south transepts, with a tower at the
intersection. Great part of the tower remains,
and the weather-mouldings of the roofs shew them
to have been high pitched. It is supported by
four lofty pointed arches.
On the south side of the choir are four arched
recesses :¦ — one of them forms a door-way to a
side chapel ; the other three having been used
as sedilia, where the officiating priests sat during
the chanting of the Gloria in excelsis, and some
* Two prints, published about forty years since, represent the nave as
then having both north and south aisles.— But perhaps little dependence
can be placed on these as authorities.

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 323
other parts of the church service. The east end
is entirely gone ; and if it extended no further
than the walls now standing, the choir has been
very small, with no side lights, and must have
been lighted solely by the three lancet windows,
which, in all probability, surmounted the high
altar. "There are the remains of cloisters on the
south side, sufficient to show them to have been
beautiful specimens of Early English." A little
to the north-east of the ruins are the remains of
a large oven.
The situation of the abbey is well suited for a
life of retirement from the bustle and business of
the world : " soothed by the unseen river's gentle
roar," the monks might here indulge in medita
tion and study, undisturbed by all, until Dr. Leigh
cast his eye upon the pile, and obtained a grant
of it from the eighth Harry.
How often has this consecrated edifice resound
ed with the vocal chant and the peahng organ, and
echoed the solemn strains of Te Deum, the Ju
bilate Deo, and other parts of the church service ;
at other times the hush of midnight has been
made more impressive by funeral obsequies, when
the De Profundis was chanted, and
" through the glimmering aisle faint misereres died."
" How much of all that men most value must have
been sacrificed to raise this pile ! How much of
thought, and science, and rare intellect concentred
on every part ! How many generations have dwelt
beneath the shadow of this temple, upheld its
worship, added to its splendour, and so engraven
upon the very stones their witness to the truth

324 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
of that invisible world, of which they are, in every
part, the symbol and the type."
A modern mansion-house has been erected on
the south side ofthe ruins, occupying the site of
the conventual buildings : the dining-room is said
to be on the site of the refectory. This is the
residence of Thomas Irwin, Esq. who is building,
at his sole expence, the new church at Calder-
Bridge. It is much to be lamented that a little
more taste had not been displayed in building
this mansion in a style of architecture suited to
itslocality. On approaching the abbey it forms the
most conspicuous object, and great portions of
the venerable and " time-honoured" pile are hid
den from sight. Mr. Irwin preserves the ruins
in excellent order.
A slab near the south transept has the follow
ing inscription in Lombardic capitals : — Hicjacet
dompnus Robertus de Wilughby Abbas de Caldra,
cujus anima? propicietur Deus.
Another slab has this fragment of an inscrip
tion, Ricardus Gra  de Kendale 
In the north transept are three effigies of
knights, in mail armour and surcoats, very much
mutilated ; two of them having shields ; one
charged with . . . lions rampant, and a label of
five points ; the other is fretty. The latter is
probably the effigy mentioned by Sir Daniel
Fleming, who says that in his time (in the seven
teenth century) here was " a very ancient statue
in free-stone of a man in armour, with a frett (of
six pieces) upon his shield, lying upon his back,
with his sword by his side, his hands elevated in
a posture of prayer, and his legs across ; being so
placed probably from his taking upon him the

PARISH OF ST. BRIDGET. 325
cross, and being engaged in the holy war. Which
statue was placed there most probably in memo
ry of this Sir John le Fleming," (see page 314)
who was a benefactor to the abbey.

2 T

©be mvi&f) of $t ism.
HIS is the most extensive
and populous parish in the
county, including the large
and opulent town of
Whitehaven ; the five
chapelries of Hensingham,
Ennerdale, Eskdale, Was
dale-Head, and Nether-
Wasdale ; and the town
ships of St. Bees, Enner
dale, Ennerdale-High-End, Eskdale and Wasdale,
Hensingham, Kinneyside, Lowside-Quarter,
Nether-Wasdale, Preston-Quarter, Rottington,
Sandwith, Weddicar, and Whitehaven.
It extends ten miles along the coast, and
reaches far inland, so that some of its chapelries
are ten and fourteen miles distant from the
mother- church.
The parish takes its name from Bega, an Irish
saint, the founder of the monastery of St. Bees,
and in whose honor the church was dedicated.*
" When Bega sought of yore the Cumbrian coast,
Tempestuous winds her holy errand cross'd :
She knelt in prayer — the waves their wrath appease ;
And, from her vow well weighed in Heaven's decrees,
Rose, where she touched the strand, the Chantry of St. Bees."
• See further particulars respecting St. Bega under the account of
the priory at a subsequent page.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 327
The rocky coast about St. Bees Head and the
valley of St. Bees are well described in an expen
sive work, little known in this county,* from
which we make the extracts in the subjoined
note.f * Daniel's Picturesque Voyage round Great Britain.
t "Onreturning to the sea-shore we were pleased with the re-appearance
of a description of coast that we had been strangers to since we quitted
North Wales, consisting of tremendous precipices of naked rock. About
half a mile to the westward ofthe abbey rises the south of St. Bees Head.
This promontory is formed by the western face of a huge hill, which rises
to the height of about 500 feet above the level of the sea, sloping down
with a steep declivity till it terminates in a precipice, varying from one
hundred and fifty to two hundred feet in height, and projecting into the
sea like a vast semicircular bastion. Its whole length extends rather
more than two miles, and when seen from the sea it has a very magnifi
cent effect, awing the mind with its vastness, and the turns of its preci
pices, and the signs of violence and ruin impressed upon its shattered
front by the battering of the waves. The rock of which it is composed
is a red sand-stone, in horizontal strata of enormous thickness, and inter
sected at irregular intervals by thin layers of white sand-stone. In places
the red face of the cliff is thickly marked with stripes of this white stone,
and has a curious appearance, not unaptly compared by our guide to fat
and lean on a joint of beef. The rock is seamed all over by vertical fis
sures, which, with the horizontal divisions of the strata, cut it into square
blocks, loosely held together, and often thrown down in prodigious heaps
as the sea undermines it at the base,
" This promontory, together with a narrow hilly tract, running from its
north end as far as Whitehaven, was once an island, which is mentioned
in some ancient records by the title of Preston Isle. It is now connect
ed with the mainland by a narrow valley, one extremity of which opens
into the sea near St. Bees, and the other into the small bay of White
haven. This valley, though now verdant and fruitful, was without doubt,
at no very remote period the bed of the sea. The surface of it in its whole
length is uniformly flat and even, and the soil at a trifling depth com
posed entirely of sand and thel s. A few years ago an anchor was dug
up in it of a size which proves that the channel was navigable for vessels
of considerable burthen. It is not known at what time this revolution
2 t 2

328 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
St. »«*•
The village of St. Bees is situated in a deep
valley about four miles south from Whitehaven,
took place, but it must have been prior to the foundation of St. Bees'
abbey, which stands within the mouth ofthe valley. St. Bees' abbey is
said to have been founded about 650. The retreat of the sea does no^
appear to have been aided by any assistance of art, which indeed would
have been unprofitably employed in this instance, for the difficulties op
posed to navigation by the loss of this channel are by no means compen
sated for by the recovery of the land. With certain winds, vessels sailing
either to or from Whitehaven are much hampered in rounding the head,
and in rough weather are subject to delays which might Tje avoided were
a passage open for them round the back of the promontory. It his been
thought very practicable to cut a new channel for the sea through this
valley, and though the expense of such a work would be great, it would
be well bestowed in facilitating the trade of such a port as Whitehaven.
" We made a trial of walking along the base of the Head, intending to
work our passage round it, but the fragments of rock that are strewed in
rugged heaps along the shore rendered the task impracticable, at least
on one pair of legs. Near the south end there has lately occurred a most
awful fall of the rocks, a segment from the whole front of the cliff of
many thousand tons having given way, and now forming a stupendous
pile of ruins thrown together in the wildest disorder, and threatening
another crash as you gaze upon them. The rocks lie in vast blocks,
squared and placed with a regularity as if done by human art, and the
whole mass might be supposed the ruins of a castle, of a magnitude it
must be confessed, suitable only for a race of giants.
" Ascending to the summit of the Head we walked (with perfect safety
let me say to those who would follow us) along the edge of the precipice
till we came to a singular ravine intersecting the cliff from top to bottom,
the sides almost perpendicular and meeting at their bases. The sea flows
into it for a few yards over a beach noted for the beauty of its pebbles.
From the north side of this chasm we had a fine view of the precipice to
the south, which exhibited a very grand front, sometimes broken by hol
lows and overhanging crags, and in places as smooth and perpendicular
as a wall.
"We proceeded, frequently peeping over the precipice, to tremble at

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 329
and near the rocky promontories anciently called
the cliff of Baruth, and now known as St. Bees
its depth or note some change in the configuration or posture of the rocks,
till our particular admiration was called forth by Cloven Barf (I think
that was the name), a rude and enormous column, separated from the
summit ofthe cliff by a cleft about 12 feet wide and 60 feet deep. The
rock at its base is so much broken, that it appears to stand very insecurely
and ere long the huge mass must come thundering down. A crazy plank,
not more than a foot wide, was thrown across the chasm, » pass for the
boys in their attacks upon the sea-mews' eggs. * * *
" At the most northern point of the promontory the cliffs rise to a great
height and from thence to its termination east are hollowed out into a
series of deep recesses, with huge buttresses projecting between them,
presenting an endless variety in the forms of the broken rocks, which
roughen their multiplied precipices. Near the east are some large
quarries, which have been worked to a great extent. The stone has the
advantage of being very easily cut, but the quality of softness which re
commends it to the quarriers and masons, rather unfits it for the purposes
of building. It hardens on exposure to the air, but when first
used is very susceptible of injury from rain. It is a practice in
Whitehaven to rub over the houses built of this stone with oil, which
entirely spoils the beauty of its colour, but is found materially to preserve
its substance.
" St. Bees' Head is far loftier than any of the neighbouring hills, and
jutting out at least a mile beyond the line of coast on each side of it, is
rendered a very conspicuous object, easily distinguished and identified
by seamen at a great distance. From its northern side a steep descent
leads down to a lower slip, but still at a considerable elevation above
the sea, the country continuing to the northward in a series of gentle
wavy hills, beautifully smooth and rounded, their broad swelling surfaces
unvaried by trees or hedgerows, but covered with corn. They are of
extraordinary value, fruitful on the surface, and containing within them
inexhaustible beds of coal. Some of them yield stone for building, and
limestone of a very pure quality, which, and as a manure, gives fertility
to the whole country round. They terminate along the shore in a range
of low cliffs, composed principally of white sandstone, between the strata
of which appear at intervals thin layers of a shattery, slaty stone, with
veins of coal. Those cliffs, from the incompactness of' their structure,

330 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Head. The village is "a place distinguished,
from very early times, for its religious and scho
lastic foundations :" having been the seat of a
monastery from a very remote period, and in later
times distinguished by its Clerical Institution and
the Grammar School of Archbishop Grindal, —
there is, perhaps, no other place in the north of,
England, of an otherwise unimportant character,
the name of which is so well and so generally
known.*
have suffered more than common injury from the violence of the sea,
and along their whole lines have a most ruinous appearance. The shore
is strewed with fragments tumbled together in vast heaps at their base ,
and here and there a detached mass shews itself above the sea, beyond
low water mark. They rise to a considerable height immediately south
of Whitehaven, where they are remarkable for the intermixture of rocks
that appear on the surface. The main rock is white sand-stone, alterna
ting with strata of red sand-stone, and intersected by frequent layers of
slate and coal. The face of the cliff at this point is singularly broken,
being divided by seams and fissures of all inclinations, and composing a
pile of fragments very insecurely held together, with masses projecting
from it of various forms, and in various threatening postures. Portions
of the rock are continually falling, and the whole body is in so infirm a
state, that a slight concussion is able to bring it in heaps to the ground.
Some guns standing on a fort above it are now never fired, the shock of
the explosion having been found sufficient to dislodge these tottering
rocks. Two poor women were dashed to pieces here about two years
ago, by a falling fragment, which they had brought down by imprudently
picking away some coal that lay under it."
* In the library of the Dean and Chapter of Carlisle is the following
curious account of the discovery of a giant at St. Bees : —
" A true report of Hugh Hodson, of Thorneway, in Cumberland, to
S' Rob. Cewell [qy. Sewell] of a Gyant found at S. Bees, in Cumb'land,
1601, before X'. mas.
"The said Gyant was buried 4 yards deep in the ground, w^ is now
a corn feild.
" He was 4 yards and an half long, and was in complete armour : his
sword and battle-axe lying by him.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 331
A bridge over the rivulet Pow or Poe in the
village bears the date 1585, and the arms of
Archbishop Grindal. This rivulet, called in the
language of the country, The Poe Beck,* which
divides the Church, School, and College of St.
Bees from the village, though small, is very sin
gular. It takes its rise nearly in the middle of
the vale, and in its course is fed by two smaller
streams, one called Myre's Beck, the other, Low-
hall-gill Beck. After having received these sup
plies it forms itself into, or rather, is absorbed
by, a large pool or basin, called Scale-gill pit,f
" His sword was two spans broad and more than 2 yards long.
" The head of his battle axe a yard long, and the shaft of it all of iron,
as thick as a man's thigh, and more than 2 yards long.
" His teeth were 6 inches long, and 2 inches broad ; his forehead was
more than 2 spans and a half broad.
"His chine bone could containe 3 pecks of oatmeale.
" His armour, sword, and battle axe, are at Mr. Sand's of Redington,
[Rottington] and at Mr. Wyber's, at St. Bees." — MachelMSS. vol. vi.
* Beck for rivulet is familiar, not only as a local word, in the north of
England, but is retained in the names of places in the south, as it is also,
with little variation, in the Danish, High and Low Dutch, tongues.—
Leodiensis Ducatus, 183.
f On the first of March, 1792, " the ground in a meadow, part of the
farm or estate of Stanley, the property of the Right Hon. the Earl of
Lonsdale, suddenly sunk to the depth of some feet, making a circular
break on the surface. Immediately after, a horrent of water was heard,
which appeared lo rush out from various parts of the broken soil, and
falling, as it was conjectured, into a receptacle which could not at that
time be perceived, occasioned a most tremendous noise, while the shrink
ing was evidently ificreasing upon the surface. In the morning, this
extraordinary spot was visited by numbers, of people. The aperture then
exhibited the appearance of an immense funnel: it was yet enlarging,
consequently no admeasurement could be made : but the computation
generally agreed to was from 60 to 70 yards in diameter, and 30 yards
in depth to the vortex, the diameter of which appeared to be about 6 or
7 yards.

332 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
which serves to supply the steam-engines em
ployed in the collieries with water. From this
basin, as from a centre, the little river issues in
two directions. The one, taking its meandering
course by the Church, &c, falls into the ocean
at St. Bees ; the other, being towards White
haven, where, for about a mile from the harbour,
it is arched over, passing under the market place,
and then mingles with the ocean in the harbour.
The Priory of St. Bees.*
A small nunnery was founded here about the
year 650 by Bega an Irish saint,f from whom
the parish takes its name, and where a church
was subsequently erected, dedicated in honor of
" During this time, large heaps of earth were falling from the sides,
and water gushing out in an amazing abundance ; the water also was
sometimes forced a considerable height above the vortex, or gulph, as if
from a. jet d' eau ; the whole presenting to the eye a scene of the most
awful and horrible grandeur, while the ear was filled with sounds the
most terrifying and alarming, often resembling distant thunder, as the
deluge poured into the subterraneous workings of Scalegillcolliery, which,
it is said, is now rendered useless. It was a land sale colliery of small
compass, and the coal nearly exhausted. Providentially, the people
employed in it had quitted their work a short time before the sinking
happened." — Gentleman's Magazine, 1792.
* Preparing for publication, The Life and Miracles of Sancta Bega,
the Patroness of the priory of St. Bees. Written by a monkish historian.
To which are added, Explanatory Notes and a Preface : by the Rev. G.
C. Tomlinson, F.S.A., &c.
f From the calender of saints' days it appears that St. Bega or St.
Bees is commemorated on the 6th of September; and St. Bega, virgin,
on the 22nd of November. Sancta Bega died the day before the calends
of November. — Life of the Saint. Ingulphus mentions a litttle bell at
Croylaud, which is called Bega.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 333
the foundress. The priory and parish are vari
ously called in ancient evidences — Kirkebybetok,
Kirkby Begock and Begoth, which latter name is
British, and derived from Beg og, signifying little
young. Sandford's M.S.J gives the following tradition
ary account of the foundation of the nunnery : —
" This Abbie, by tradition, built upon this occa
sion, (for the time I refer you to the chronicles) : —
That there was a pious religious lady-abbess, and
some of her sisters with her, driven in by stormy
wether at Whitehaven, and [the] ship cast away
ith harbour, and so destitute. And so she went
to the lady of Egremont castle for reliefe. That
lady, a godly woman, pittied her distress, and
desired her lord to give her some place to dwell
in; which he did, at the now St. Bees. And
she and her sisters sewed and spinned, and
wrought carpets and other work, and lived very
godly lives, as gott them much love. She de
sired Lady Egremont to desire her lord to build
them a house, and they would lead a religious
life together ; and many wolde joine with them
if they had but a house and land to live upon.
Wherewith the Lady Egermond was very well
pleased, and spoke to her lord he had land
enough and [should] give them some to lye up
tresure in heaven. And the Lord laughed at
the Ladye, and said he would give them as much
land as snow fell upon the next morning and in
midsummer day. And on the morrow looked
out at the castle window to the sea side, 2 miles
from Egremont, all was white with snow for

* Dean and Chapter Library, Carlisle.
2 u

334 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
three miles together. And thereupon builded
this St. Bees Abbie, and give all those lands was
snowen unto it, and the town and haven of
Whitehaven ; and sometimes after, all the tithes
therabout, and up the montains and Inerdale for-
rest, eastward, was appropriated to this abbey of
St. Bees ; which was got by one Mr. Dacres, of
kindred to the Lord Dacres ; gott a long lease
of it at fall of Abbies, and married one Mrs. Latos
of the beck hall, Millom ; who afterwards married
Squire Wybridge [Wybergh] of Clifton in West
morland, who purchased the inheritance of this
Abbie of the crowne, and sold it to old Sir John
Lowther, who gave it to his yonger son, Sir
Christopher Lowther, Kt. Bart, soon after."
The accounts which are given of the first
foundation of the nunnery of Saint Bees, are, as
might be expected, contradictory in their charac
ter. The common version is that given in Mr.
Sandford's MS., namely, that the extent of the
territories of the nunnery were originally desig
nated by a preternatural fall of snow on the eve
of St. John's day. Such is the tradition :
" Old legends say, to prove her wond'rous right,
Still on the eve of midsun's sacred light,
When the deep shades have mantled o'er the skies,
The silent forms of shadowy shapes arise,
And the mild Saint amid her pious train
Retakes with printless steps her course again,
And spreads her snow white mantle o'er the plain."*
That snow is occasionally seen even now, on
midsummer day, on the Cumberland mountains
is certain. A correspondent of the Carlisle
* Unpublished MS.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 335
Journal, states that on midsummer day, 1838, the
snow was lying two feet thick upon Glencowen-
dale fell. Whether, however, the parish is indebted
to the legend, for its singular form, or whether
the legend has been invented from the shape of
the parish, cannot be decided. One thing is
certain, that the name of Sancta Bega is insepar
ably connected with the miracle of snow. All
accounts agree in this. The Life of Sancta Bega
places the snow miracle many hundred years after
the death of the mild saint, in the time of Ran
ulph Meschines. The monkish historian relates
that certain persons had instilled into the ears
of that nobleman, that the monks had unduly
extended their possessions. A dispute arose on
this subject, for the settlement of which, by the
prayers of the religious, the whole land became
white with snow, except the territories of the
church which stood forth dry.
It does not appear that the nunnery of Sancta
Bega was ever endowed, or that it continued for
any length of time as a voluntary society. It is
probable enough that it was ruined and dispersed
in the Danish wars. Indeed the historian of her
life, refers to the Danish ravages, as the cause
which wrapped in oblivion the tomb of Bega for
centuries. But although no succession of Ab
besses has been transmitted to us, and no histo
rian can give us any intelligence of the endow
ment of this nunnery, still it seems scarcely
probable that it would have been of such brief
duration as is generally supposed. If the bell at
Croyland abbey were named Bega, in commemo
ration of the Cumbrian Saint, nearly three
centuries after the foundation of Saint Bees
2 u 2

336 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
nunnery, it would seem as if there had been succes
sors in the nunnery who cherished the name of their
first foundress, and transmitted it to posterity.
Otherwise the name would scarcely have attracted
the notice of Abbot Turketul. Moreover, the
recorded fact, that the monastery was afterwards
built on the site of the nunnery, is another reason
which would induce us to assign a longer existence
to the nunnery than is usually supposed. Nearly
five centuries elapsed between the foundation
of the nunnery and that of the priory, in which
time the site would have been forgotten, had the
nunnery perished upon the death of Bega. Who
shall now assert that the abbot of Croyland did
not attempt to commemorate the name and virtues
of the Cumbrian abbess, at a time when he be
held her nunnery visited with a recent but
overwhelming desolation, and her name in danger,
for the first time, of perishing amidst the ruins
of her own foundation ?
In the reign of Henry I. William de Meschines,
son of Ranulph,* and brother of Ranulph, first
Earlof Cumberland/)- restored the religious house,
making it a cell of a prior and six Benedictine
monks to the mitred abbey of St. Mary of York. %
By his charter he granted to God, St. Mary of
York, and St. Bega, and the monks serving God
there, all the woods within their boundaries and
* Founder of the priory of Wetheral. f Founder of Calder abbey.
% The priory of Neddrum, in Ulster, was cell to the priory of St. Bees
having been granted by Sir John de Courcy, a descendant of William
Meschines. Respecting this Irish dependency of Saint Bees, a small
parchment roll considerably mutilated remains in the Cottonian Collection.
It consists of nine documents very closely written, concluding with a bull
of pope Honorius III. dated 1216, confirming the endowment.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 337
every thing within the same, except hart and
hind, boar and hawk ; and all liberties within
their bounds which he himself had in Coupland,
as well on land as on the water both salt and
fresh. Ranulph de Meschines, son of the above Wil
liam, confirmed his father's grants to the priory
of the church of St. Bees, and seven carucates
of land there ; the chapel (capella) of Egremont,
and the tithes of his demesne in Copeland, and
of his men there ; and the tithes of all his fish
eries, hogs, venison, pannage, and vaccaries
throughout all Copeland ; and the manor of
Anenderdale ; the grant by Waltheof of the
church (chapel) of Stainburn ; and Ketel's grant
of the church of Preston ; and two bovates of
land and one villein, in Rotington ; which Rei
ner gave unto them : and the churches of Whit-
tington and Botele, which they had by the gift
of Godard : and Swarthoft, given to them by
William de Lancastre son of Gilbert. And he
granted to them all the woods within their
boundaries, from Cuningshaw to the sike between
Preston and Hensingham, which runs down to
Whitehaven, and there falls into the sea ; and
whatever they can take in those woods, except
hart, hind, boar, and hawk.*
William de Fortibus, Earl of Albemarle, by
his charter, (circa A.D. 1192,) confirmed to the
priory the grants of his ancestors,' — fourteen sal
mons which they had by the gift of Alan, son of
Waltheof ; and by the same gift, half a carucate
of land in Aspatric ; and six acres of land in the
* 1 Dugd. Mon., 395.

338 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
same vill, by the gift of the said Alan : and six
salmons, which they had by the gift of the lady
Alice de Romeley ; and half a mark of silver, by
the same donation, out of the fulling mill at
Cockermouth, and one messuage in the same
vill. He also granted to them one mark of silver
out of the said fulling mill yearly. " Hiis testi-
bus. Domino Galfrido de Chandever. Domino
Thoma Keret. Domino Willielmo de Ireby.
Willielmo de Driffeld tunc senescallo de Coker-
mutha. Alano persona de Caldebec. Hugone
de Moricebi. Ada de Haverington. Galfrido
de Talentir. Johanne de Brigham, et multis
aliis."* By the voucher book of Furness abbey, it
appears that the prior of Saint Bees was includ
ed in a commission from Pope Honorius, about
the year 1200. This commission was respecting
the right of sepulture at Hawkshead, Dalton, the
mother church, being twenty miles distant.
In 1315, during the invasion of Robert le Brus,
the priory of Saint Bees, together with the manor
houses of Stainburn and Cleator, and the
western part of Cumberland, were visited by a
party of Scots, under the command of James
Douglas. The priory was pillaged, and the
manor-houses were destroyed. In this occasion,
although the religious house fared better than
the neighbouring secular ones, still it seems not
improbable that the holy prior, and his company
of " six monks at the least," would experience
that treatment from the hostile Scots, which Sir
Walter Scott makes Wamba describe in Ivanhoe.
* 1 Dugd. Mon., 396.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 339
" Pray for them, with all my heart," says he, " but
in the town, not in the green wood, like the
abbot (prior) of Saint Bees, whom they caused to
say mass, with an old hollow oak tree for his
stall." About the year 1523 the monks of St. Bees
appear to have been alarmed by a meditated
invasion of this " angle of Cowplande." The
following letter J was written by the Prior, Alan-
by, to the Lord William Dacre, lord-warden of
the West Marches, praying for help. —
To the Lord Dacres.
My right honorable and myst speciall good Lord, in my
most lawley maner I recomende me unto your good Lordship,
ever more beseking our Lorde God to reward your good
Lordship for me at all tymes. And now as specially as I
can think, I besiche your good Lordship of your good con-
tynuance. For my good Lord, it is thus of surtie, that
great nombre of Shippis are sene upon this Cost both upon
Fridaye and Saturdaye last past. And we have warnying,
that they are of the Duke of Albany's company, and woll
land upon us here in Cowplande, and destroye us utterly.
Wherefore my speciall good Lorde, I besiche your good
Lordship, to regard this pour cost and countrey, whiche be-
longeth unto your merchies and undre your protection, and
is not accustomed with sich weres, but only such certein
gentilmen and their company, as your said Lordship have
called upon heretofore at your time of nede, that ye wol be
so goode Lorde now, as to assigne and commande Mr.
Christopher Curwen of Wirkington, and Mr John Lamplew
leutenaunt of Cokermouth, and Mr Richard Skelton of
Branthwate, to gyve attendaunce with the help and aide
with the hole company of this litle Angle of Cowplande, to
resist and defende the countrey with the grace of God and
prayer of his holy sainctes, to whome your Lordship now
maye bynde us ever more to prey for your good preservation
and good spede. And els I cannot see, but this countrey
{ Frcm a scarce book "Duo rerum Anglicarum scriptores veteres" —
Oxon. 1732.

340 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
shalbe utterly destroyed for ever, whiche God forbide, whom
I hartely besiche to preserve and prosper your good Lord
ship, with all goodnes, after your deasire. Amen. Scriblyd
in hast at Sainct Bees upon Sainct Luke day the evangelist.
by your awne dayely bedeman
Dan Robert Alanby, Prior of Sainct
Bees aforesaid.*
An inspeximus was dated at St. Bees, Septem
ber 11, 1473, by Henry Percy, fourth Earl of
Northumberland, and lord of the honor of
Cockermouth, of the charter of William de For
tibus, earl of Albermarle.
" In the reign of Henry IV. a Richard Hunte
was appointed to Saint Bees, as a free chapelry
in the gift ofthe Crown, but the abbot of Saint
Mary's remonstrated with the King, and the
grant was revoked. Bishop Tanner mentions
that under this cell there was a small nunnery
situate at Rottington, about a mile from St.
Bees. This is confirmed by the ancient names
of places still retained there, but few other vesti
ges are now to be found."
Whilst on the subject ofthe priors of St. Bees,
their rank as barons of the Isle of Man cannot
justly be overlooked. As the abbot of the
superior house, St. Mary's, at York, was entitled
to a seat amongst the parliamentary barons of
England, so the prior of St. Bees was Baron of
the Isle of Man. As such he was obliged to
give his attendance upon the kings and lords of
Man, whensoever they required it, or at least,
upon every new succession in the government.
The neglect of this important privilege would
* This letter, according to Hearne, was written A.D. 1523, 15 Henry
VIII.

PARISH OF ST. BEES.

341

XV  

probably involve the loss of the tithes and lands
in that island, which the devotion of the kings
had conferred on the priory of St. Bees. An
abbot from Ireland, and another from Scotland,
were also constrained by the same religious
liberality, to appear in Man, as Barons, when
called upon.
In a list of the possessions of St. Mary's abbey
at York, (Valor Ecclesiasticus, Henry VIII.) the
priory of St. Bees is valued as follows : —
Com' Cu'br'.
Cella Sancte Bege in Com' Cumbr'.

Joh'es Poule Incumbens.
Temp'aP valent in
Scit' cella pdict'. valet in terr' dnic'. cu.
claus' ibm. p. annu.
Libis. firm' divs'.libos. tenenciu. in divs'."
dnijs. & villat' subscript' viz in villat'
de Homsyngham xxiiijs. Rybton cu.
ptin'. p. annu. xxs. Harras p. annu.
xxd. & p. divs'. terr' int' aquas de Eske
&. Dodyn lxxijs. iijd. Et reddit' &
firm divs'. dnios. terr' &tentos. tenen
ciu. ad volut'. dni. p. annu. viz mane-
riu. de Stanburne cu. ptin'. p. annu.
xjl. vijs. xd. Kyrkeby Becok cu. mo-
lendino & patis. xxi. ijs. iiijd. Lowke-
rige p. annu. vjs. xijd. ob' Wodend p.
annu. xs. Catgill p. annu. xxiijd. Wray
p. annu. ijs. Walton cu. ptin'. p. annu.
xxxs. Sandwatth cu. ptin'. p. annu. vij?.
xjs. iijd. Rotyngton cu. ptin'. p. annu.
vijs. iiij<#. Preston Howse cu. ptin'. p.
annu. xxiiijs. Whithanewod p. annu.
xiijs. iiijd. Rescow Pke. p. annu. xs.
Arathnayte cu. ptin'. p. ann' xxxiiijs.
Whithaven cu. ptin'. p. annu. liiijs.
Flatt cu. ptin'. p. annu. xxvjs. xii]d.
Blakenthvayte p. annu. viijs. Corkgill
2 x

£

s. d.
vij x ob'

342 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.

p. annu. iiijs. Hensyngham, cu. ptin'.
xxxvjs. xiijd. Wynder & Rowray cu.
ptin'. p. annu. lxxvijs. viij<2. Clifton
cu. ptin'. iijs. Wyrkyngton cu. ptin'. p.
annu. xxjs. Cokermouth xxs. Talan-
tyre cu. ptin'. ixs. Aspatry cu. ptin'. p.
annu. viijs. viij^. Whynbanke cu. ptin'.
p. annu. vjs. xjd. molendin' bladal' xls.
In toto p annu.
Westm'V. Temp'al' val' in £ s
Reddit' & firm' de una claus' in Kendale p. } _
annu. Cu'br'. Sp'ual' val' in
Exit' & pfic'. decim' garbas. & feni ac
alias. decimabiF & oblac' ecclie. See.
Bege & de capellis infa. pochia. ibm.
viz de capellis de Lowswat. Evdale.
Esshdale & Wasdall coibz. annis
Pquis'. cur' ibm. singlis. annis £ s.
cxlix xix

d.

 XXVJ VIIJ

Sma. valoris huj. celle

£ s.
cxlix xix

Repris'. Feod' videl't
Johi. Lamplough militi sen- ? _
lo. terr' celle pdict'. $
Crisofora Culwen militi sen- ? _
lo. de Stanburne \
Rico. Orfer senlo. cur' cell' ?
pd'. \~
Johi. Nicholson ballio de }
Kyrkebybecok $
Willmo. Poule rec' pecun' "
ibm.
Et tribz. ballivis de Coupe-
land in feod' viz Johi.
Ponsonby iijs. injd. An
tonio Patrikson iijs. iiijd.
& Thome Tobson iijs.
iiijt?. p. annu. In toto

D' quibz

d.

ob'

XXVJ VIIJ

— xxvj viij

VJ

s.

d.
i»j

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 343
Sma. repris' pz supa. £ s. d.
Et val' clare cxliij xvj ij ob'
Xma. ps. inde xiiij vij vij ob'
On the dissolution, the revenues of this priory,
according to Dugdale, were 143Z. 17s. 2d. ; or,
by Speed's valuation, 149/. 19s. 6d.
From these statements it appears that there
were only two religious houses in the county
more amply endowed than the priory of St. Bees.*
How lamentable a fact that from the revenues of
this house, equalling about 3000/. per annum of
the modern value of money, the parish was
sacrilegiously robbed not only ofthe endowments
which had been appropriated for works of charity
and education, but even of a suitable maintenance
for its ministers, "to whom pertaineth the service
of God," and to such an extent, that, in 1705,
the church was certified of only the annual value
of 12/. ! Why was not a portion of its revenues
appropriated to similar purposes as those founda
tions of later piety — the College and the Free
Grammar School ? Reformation would have
been accomplished, and more efficiently, without
sacrilege, had the voices of Latimer, and Cranmer,
and other churchmen prevailed.f
* The priory of Holme-Cultram, and the priory of St. Mary, Carlisle:
the latter was constituted a cathedral-church at the Reformation.
t A modern publication, " A Sketch of the Reformation in England,"
by the Rev. I. J. Blunt, Fellow of St. John's College, Cambridge, con
tains the following judicious remarks : —
" Cranmer was not (as may be well believed) an unconcerned specta
tor of this great revolution in the possessions of the church ; but though
he agreed with Cromwell in the desire of the dissolution, he differed from.
him with regard to the application of the proceeds. Indeed, the views
2x2

344 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Edward VI. in the seventh year of his reign
(1553) granted to Sir Thomas Chaloner, knight,

they respectively took of the nature of ecclesiastical property do not
appear to have coincided. The one was rather acting in a political, the
other in a religious spirit. Cromwell was concerned to right the
monarchy, Cranmer to save a church. The former was for the suppres
sion of the religious houses, because the supremacy of the crown could
not be otherwise secured ; the latter had this for his object too, but still
more the annihilation of the abuses of purgatory, masses for the dead,
saint-worship, and pilgrimage, of all which the abbeys were the incor
rigible patrons. So far, therefore, they went hand in hand. But in the
disposal of the vast fund which accrued from the confiscation of the
church estates, Cranmer did not, like Cromwell and the parliament,
regard it as a matter for the king to take his pastime with, according to
his own mere will and motion. Nor would he dissipate, nor did he
think it lawful to divert from its original destination, and that the pro
motion of God's glory, so ample a revenue, and make it over at once,
and for secular purposes only, to the crown. He, therefore, was for
considering it as still a sacred treasure, to be applied to sacred ends ; and
out of the old and corrupted monasteries he was desirous to see arise new
and better foundations : houses attached to all the cathedrals, to serve
as nurseries for the clergy of the diocese in religion and learning ; an
addition made to the incomes of the inferior class ; and the number of
sees increased, with a corresponding diminution in their extent, that the
bishop might be in deed as well as in name the overseer. To these wise
and good propositions Latimer added another, no less commendable,
that a few ofthe greater abbeys should be left for pious and charitable
uses. For the priory of Malvern, above all, he intercedes with great
earnestness ; not that it ' should stand in monkery, but so as to be con
verted to preaching, study, and prayer ;' and then he adds, ' Alas ! my
good Lord' (it is to Cromwell that he makes his fruitless appeal), ' shall
we not see two or three in every shire changed to such remedy ?'
"As a further proof of the honest motives which had actuated many
in their spoliation of the church, the very men who had been denounced
as unfit to live whilst they were monks, were now inducted into bene
fices and stalls by the parties to whom the spiritual welfare of the people,
forsooth, had been so dear an object, in order that they might be thus

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 345
the manor, rectory, and cell of St. Bees, with all
its rights, members, and appurtenances, and all
relieved from the payment of the pitiful pension with which their pro
perty was charged for their support.
" Another defect imputed to the Re'ormation is the inadequate support
it provided for the lower orders ofthe clergy. Four thousand livings, and
upwards, of less than one hundred and fifty pounds a year each, many
very far less, with no parsonage houses whatever, or with such as the
most Sabine economist would pronounce unfit for a clergyman to oc
cupy ; — this is the forlorn condition, as to temporals, in which the church
has stood for a long season ; a condition to which it could not have been
reduced, had even a portion of the vast revenues dispersed at the Re
formation been husbanded, and applied to the legitimate purpose of
bettering the situation of the inferior clergy.
" Church endowments in general, and tithes in particular, were goods
set apart for the promotion of religion from time immemorial, the posses
sor of a manor erecting upon it a church, and charging it for ever with
the maintenance of a man whose business it should be to teach the peo
ple upon it the law of God, and thus acknowledging on his own part his
tenure to be under God, 'the land His, and himself a stranger and so
journer with Him.' This was the origin of parishes ; the parish co-ex
tensive (as it is still almost always found) with the manor, so that even
where the latter chances to have a part distant and detached, the parish,
however inconvenient it may be for pastoral superintendence and in
struction, usually claims it too. The fulfilment of the conditions annex
ed to these grants, it was only equitable that the donor and his heirs
should exact and regulate ; they were the natural guardians of the
charities ; and when the lapse of years, the oourse of events, and public
convenience, had caused this guardianship to devolve upon the state, the
state, like any other guardian, had a right to superintend the trust so as
to carry into effect the designs of the donor, but no right whatever to
alienate it, apply it to purposes of its own, and thereby frustrate those
intentions. It had a right, for instance, to provide the best religious
instruction which was to be had, even though it was such as the bene
factor had not contemplated ; and to exclude such as was found, on a
more mtimate knowledge of the subject, to be erroneous, even though
it was such as the benefactor had sanctioned ; it being obvious that his

346 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the possessions belonging to the same in St. Bees
and Ennerdale, and elsewhere in the county of
intention was to guide, not to mislead, those for whom he had shown so
lively an interest ; but it had no right to withhold all religious instruction
whatever, dispose ofthe trust to the best bidder, and putting the produce
in its pocket, say that it was corban.
" Whoever might be the advisers of the measure, out of
the spoils of the monasteries six new bishoprics were founded, — those of
Westminster (since suppressed), Chester, Gloucester, Peterborough,
Oxford, and Bristol, together with deaneries and prebends respectively
annexed, all slenderly endowed, and upon the whole a sad falling off
from the splendid expectations which the king had originally held forth
of eighteen new sees, together with a proportional Dumber of suffragans,
— expectations which the act of suppression had encouraged, and by
which many were reconciled to the confiscation of church property, as
hoping that it was only to be fused and cast into a better mould. Its
authors, however, ' liked not that paying again ; it was double trouble.'
Accordingly they compounded with the creditor, and the dividend (with
the addition of funds for the endowment of some" of the metropolitan
hospitals, a few professorships in either university, and a college in Cam
bridge,) was what we have seen. The cathedrals fared better than the
monasteries; having been hitherto in the hands of the regulars, they
were now put upon the same footing as the new institutions of the like
kind, and their revenues appropriated to the maintenance of secular
dignitaries." " The progress of the Reformation was attended (as all great national
convulsions are) with many and sad excesses. The work of destruction,
when long continued, is in itself a thing which hardens the heart; and
the Reformation was full of it. Monk and nun turned out of house and
home, pensioned indeed, but (except in the case of superiors, who were
treated with more lenity) pensioned with a miserable equivalent ; their
dwelling-places, beautiful as many of them were, laid low, that all hope
of return might be cut off; their cells surrendered to the bats and owls ;
their chapels made a portion for foxes, the mosaic pavements torn up, the
painted windows dashed in pieces, the bells gambled for, or sold into
Russia and other countries, though often before they reached their desti
nation buried in the ocean — all and utterly dismantled, save where, hap-

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 347
Cumberland (not granted away by the crown
before) ; to hold to the said Thomas Chaloner,
his heirs and assigns, in fee farm for ever, of the
king, his heirs and successors, as of his manor of
Sheriff-Hutton in Yorkshire, in free and common
socage, by fealty only, and not in capite ; paying
to the crown yearly the fee farm rent of 1 43/.
16s. 2\d.
In the 4th and 5th Philip and Mary (1557),
the king and queen granted to Cuthbert Scot,
Bishop of Chester, and his successors, the said
yearly rent, subject to the payment of 43/. 8s. 4d.
per annum to the crown.
The Wybergh family succeeded Sir Thomas
Chaloner in the possession of the estates, who
having been sufferers for their loyalty during
pening to be parish churches also, as was the case at [St. Bees,] St. Al-
ban's, Tewkesbury, Malvern, and elsewhere, they were rescued in whole,
or in part, from Henry's harpies, by the petitions or the pecuniary con
tributions of the pious inhabitants ; libraries, of which most monasteries
contained one, treated by their new possessors with barbaric contempt ;
' some books reserved for their jakes, some to scoiir their candlesticks,
some to rub their boots, some sold to the grocers and soap-boilers, and
some sent over sea to bookbinders, not in small numbers, but at times
whole shipsful, to the wondering of foreign nations ; a single merchant
purchasing at forty shillings a piece two noble libraries to be used as
grey paper, and such as having already sufficed for ten years were abun
dantly enough (says the eye-witness whose words are here quoted) for
many years more' ; these were some cf the coarser features of those
times; howbeit there were many besides these. For the churches
were treated with gross irreverence ; horses and mules were led through
them ; they were profaned by dogs and hawks, by doves and owls, by
stares and choughs; they were plundered of their plate by church
wardens, or other powerful parishioners, who might argue, that if they
spared, others would spoil ; or who might wish ill to the cause of the
Reformation, and take such means to scandalise it."

348 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the Great Rebellion, mortgaged St. Bees to the
Lowther family ; and on a suit instituted by Sir
John Lowther of Whitehaven, the equity of re
demption was foreclosed, and the estate decreed
in chancery to him and his heirs, in the year
1663, in which family it has still remained, and
now forms part of the possessions of the Earl of
Lonsdale. In 1622, Bishop Bridgman, who then held the
see of Chester, ordered the inhabitants of the
five chapelries of Eskdale, Ennerdale, Wasdale-
Head, Nether-Wasdale, and Loweswater, to
contribute to the repairs of this, the mother
church. In 1705, the church of St. Bees was certified
by James Lowther, Esq., of Whitehaven, the
impropriator, at 12/. per annum. The benefice is
a perpetual curacy, in the impropriation and pa
tronage of the Earl of Lonsdale.
In 1723, a dispute arose between the then in
cumbent of St. Bees, the Rev. R. Jackson,* and
the curates of the old and new chapels in
Whitehaven. The subject of this dispute was
the right to certain fees, in respect of these chapel
ries, claimed by Mr. Jackson, as the clergyman
of the mother church. In consequence of this
jurisdiction being disputed, application was made
to the bishop, who confirmed the right of the
incumbent of Saint Bees church, to certain fees,
on the baptisms, churchings, &c, solemnized in
the dependent chapelries. By a memorandum,
dated May 26, 1724, and now remaining at Saint
* This gentleman was for the long period of fifty-two years, Master
ofthe Grammar-school, as appears by his tombstone in the church.

V-KuLaebcoolc del

ff.mn®iRY-(eiaii!jmsiE ©if §?ib.isiss;h.is.
S.Jefferson, Carlisle 1842.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 349
Bees, Mr. Jackson assents to and notifies the
bishop's regulation, " Salvo jure matris ecclesiae,
salva authoritate canorum ecclesia?, authpritate
Reverendi in Xto. patris Episcopi Cestriensis, et
durante beneplacito nostro, et successorum
meorum." The conventual church is in the usual form of
a cross, and consists of a nave with aisles, a choir,
and transepts, with a low square tower at the
intersection. The south side of the priory is
sheltered with trees. The cemetery is on the
north side. The house of the Principal of the
-college is near the west end.
The tower has an embattled parapet, and a
turret at the north-east angle, containing a very
narrow staircase. The old bells were removed,
and their places are supplied by three modern
ones. The roof commands a fine view ofthe sea
and the vale of St. Bees.
The west front of the nave has three lancet
windows, and a Norman doorway with chevron
mouldings, in some places ornamented with the
beak head. This is much defaced by the weather.
On the south side of the nave there was formerly
a wooden figure, in mail armour, supposed to
have been the effigies of Anthony, the last Lord
Lucy of Egremont, who died, A.D. 1368. The
nave has north and south aisles, with six pointed
arches on each side, alternately octagonal and
circular, excepting one which is clustered. Two
of the arches are walled up for a west gallery;
near this is the font, the upper part containing
the basin is hexagonal, and supported on a round
pedestal. The windows on the north and south
2 Y

350 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
sides are barbarous insertions, in the very worst
taste. Those in the clerestory are of two round
headed lights. The nave is now used as the
parish church.
The south transept has been used for a cem
etery, and contains some monumental inscrip
tions, but none of an old date.
The north transept contains the college library.
Here is a portrait, by Lonsdale, of the late
Principal, Dr. Ainger, in his academical dress, as
a doctor in divinity.
The choir, which had been a roofless ruin for
two centuries, was fitted up as a lecture-room
for the college, in 1817, at the expence of Wil
liam, Earl of Lonsdale. The south aisle is gone,
and the arches, which are pointed, are walled up,
with sash windows inserted. " The interior ar
rangement at the east end of the choir is singu
lar ; three beautiful lancets rise from a string,
the centre one being higher and wider, as is
usually the case, and between each are two tiers
of niches, one above the other, having clustered
shafts and ornamental capitals, and a common
dripstone runs round the whole. The north
side of the choir is lighted by a series of lancets,
having single shafts set on the sides, the interior
shafts being plain, whilst the exterior are filleted."
The communion-plate appears to have been
presented by the benevolent archbishop, whose
memory is so intimately connected with the place,
as the founder of the Free Grammar School.
It bears the date, 1571, and the arms of the
archiepiscopal see of York, impaled with those
of Grindal.
Near the steps leading up to the college are

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 351
two mutilated stone figures, to which common
report has assigned the names of Lord and Lady
Lucy ; the sculpture appears to be of great
antiquity.*
* In their original state, they were of gigantic size. The features and
legs are now destroyed. The Lord is represented with his sword sheath
ed, but whether indicative of being vanquished in battle, a paucity of
information on this subject must leave undecided. There is a shield on
his arm, which appears to have been quartered, but the bearings upon it
are entirely defaced, so that even fancy, usually sufficiently creative, is
in this case, unable to detect any semblance of the three pikes, or lucies,
thereon, which might have been expected. On the breast of the
Lady is an unshapely protuberance, which the incurious would totally
disregard, and the enquiring be troubled to account for. This was origi
nally the roughly sculptured limb of a wolf, which even so lately as the
year 1806, might be distinctly ascertained. These figures were formerly
placed in an horizontal position, at the top of two raised altar tombs,
placed at no great distance from their present locality. The tomb of the
Lady was at the feet of her Lord, and a wolf was represented as standing
over it. The protuberance above mentioned, on the breast of the Lady,
was the paw of the wolf, and all that now remains of the animal. About
a century since, the figure of the wolf wanted but one leg, as many of
the inhabitants, whose immediate ancestors remembered it nearly entire,
can testify. The horizontal position ofthe figures, rendered them pecu
liarly liable to injuries, from the silent and irresistible ravages of time.
Their present state is, however, principally to be attributed to the falling
in of the outer walls of the priory, and more particularly to the fact of
having been used, many years since, by the boys of the free grammar
school, as a mark to fire at. It is supposed that the limb of the wolf has
reference to a melancholy catastrophe which happened to one of the
Ladies Lucy, (see page 15) who in walking through the neighbouring
woods, was attacked by this animal and destroyed. Such is the tradition.
It may not however be unworthy of remark, that the Lucies were con
nected, through the family of Meschmes, with Hugh de Abrincis, Earl of
Chester, who in 1070 bore azure a wolf's h£ad erased argent, and who
had the surname of Lupus.
" Be y* notid that Wyllyam Myschen son of Ranolf Lord of Egre-
mond founded the monastery of Saint Beysse of blake monks. And
2 y 2

352 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
On the north side of the church is part of
an ancient cross. Its situation is remarkable, as
those in this county are almost invariably placed
on the south side.
The registers commence in 1538, and are,
perhaps, the most perfect in the county.
In the church-yard, on the north side of the
nave, is a tombstone inscribed to the memory
of the late Rev. W. Ainger, D.D.—
Here lieth the body of
WILLIAM AINGER, D D.
formerly Fellow of St. John's College
Cambridge,
Prebendary ofthe Cathedral-Church
of Chester,
first Principal
of the Clerical College of St. Bees,
and 24 years Perpetual Curate
of this Parish.
He died 20th October, 1840,
aged 55 years.
I wait for the Lord, my soul doth wait,
and in his word do I hope.
A monument, with a bust by Lough, will
shortly be erected in memory of the deceased
Principal.
heyres to the said Meschyn ys the Lords Fitzwal. the Lord Haryngton,
and the Lord Lucy, and so restyth founders of the said monastery therle
of Sussex the Lord Marques Dorset, therle of Northumberland as heyres
to the Lords aforesaid." — MS. Harl. Coll.
The family of Meschines is said to be descended from that at Rome
called by the nameMfficenas, from which word theformerone is corrupted.
Certainly it has proved itself the Macenas ofthe priory of St. Bees, not
merely in the foundation of that religious house, but also in the charters
for a long course of years, which have been granted by persons of dif
ferent names, indeed, but descended from, or connected with, the same
beneficent stock.

parish of st. bees. 353
The College.
This Institution, for the instruction of candi
dates for holy orders, was established in 1817 by
the Right Reverend George Henry Law, D.D.
Lord Bishop of Chester (now of Bath and Wells).
The first Principal of the college was the Rev.
William Ainger, B.D. (afterwards D.D.) who was
also perpetual curate of St. Bees. Bishop Law
gave 200/. to procure from Queen Ann's bounty
the further sum of 300/. to build the Princi
pal's house.
The choir of the priory-church, which had
been roofless for upwards of two centuries, was
repaired and fitted up for the purposes of the
Institution, at the expence of the Right Honor
able William, Earl of Lonsdale.
On the death of Dr. Ainger, which occurred
20th October, 1840, the Rev. Robert Pedder
Buddicom, M.A., F.A.S., was appointed Principal
by the present Lord Bishop of Chester, Dr. J. B.
Sumner. The theological-lecturer is the Rev.
D. Anderson, M.A. The present number of
students is 49.
One of the lecture-rooms is used as the library,
and contains some valuable works. Here is a
full-length portrait ofthe late Dr. Ainger, the first
Principal ofthe college,paintedby Lonsdale, partly
at the expence of the students. " The students,
previous to admission, are expected to be well
versed in the Classics, so that the course of study
does not exceed two years. In this period the
standard divinity works are diligently studied,
and such principles inculcated as are likely to
form faithful ministers of the Gospel, who, as far

354 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
as their spheres for exertion will permit, may be
able to preserve the church in its original purity,
free from those errors which indistinct notions
are apt to engender."
" Who with the ploughshare clove the barren moors,
And to green meadows changed the swampy shores ?
Thinned the rank woods ; and for the cheerful grange
Made room where wolf and boar were used to range ?
Who taught, and showed by deeds, that gentler chains
Should bind the vassal to his lord's domains?
The thoughtful Monks, intent their God to please,
For Christ's dear sake, by human sympathies
Poured from the bosom of thy Church, St. Bees !
" But all availed not ; by a mandate given
Through lawless will the Brotherhood was driven
Forth from their cells ; — their ancient House laid low
In Reformation's sweeping overthrow.
But now once more the local Heart revives,
The inextinguishable Spirit strives.
Oh may that Power who hushed the stormy seas,
And cleared a way for the first Votaries,
Prosper the new-born College of St. Bees!" — Wordsworth.
The Free Grammar-School.
In the year 1583, Edmund Grindal, Archbishop
of Canterbury, (a native of Hensingham, in this
parish,) intending to found a school here, applied
to Queen Elizabeth, who, by her letters patent,
dated 24th April, 1583, granted that there should
be a grammar school in Kirkby Beacock or Saint
Beghes, to be called "The Free Grammar School
of Edmund Grindal, Archbishop of Canterbury."
It was provided that there should be seven gov
ernors,- — the provost of Queen's College, Oxford,
and the rector of Egremont for the time being,
always to be two, John Lamplugh, of Lamplugh,

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 355
Esq., Robert Sandes, of Rottington, Esq., Wil
liam Davies, of St. Bees, gentleman, Richard
Skelton, of Walton, yeoman, and Robert Grin
dal, of Hensingham, yeoman, to be the first
governors. In case of death it was provided
that the vacancy should be filled up by the sur
vivors. During the life of the founder, he was to have
the nomination ofthe master ; but after his death
that power was to be vested in the provost of
Queen's College, Oxford, if " a person of learn
ing," and a native of one of the counties of Cum
berland, Westmorland, York, and Lancaster.
If he should neglect for two months', then the
master of Pembroke-Hall is to nominate.
The statutes and ordinances drawn up by the
archbishop for the governance of his grammar-
school, bear date the 3rd of July, 1583 ; and the
pious founder appointed certain lands, &c, to be
purchased of the yearly value of 50/. for the
maintenance of his school, to be employed as
follows : —
Imprimis, for the finding of one Fellow and
two Scholars in Pembroke-hall, according
to special statutes appointed for the same £20
Item, to the Schoolmaster
Item, to the Usher 
Item, to the Receiver, for his fee
Item, for the dinner at the annual meeting
of the Governors 

The residue, with all penalties and fines
paid, to be appropriated in repairs and other
necessary charges.
The archbishop died 6th July, 1583, before

£20

0

0

20

0

0

3

6

8

1

0

0

0

13

4

£45

0

0

356 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the foundation was fully completed, leaving 500/.
in the hands of his executors, for the purchase
of lands of the annual value of 30/. for the fur
ther maintenance of the school.
A second patent, reciting and confirming the
former, was granted by Queen Elizabeth, 15th
June, 1585.
James I. by letters patent, dated 25th June,
1604, in augmentation of the endowment of this
school, granted sixteen messuages or tenements
in Sandwith, late parcel of the possessions of the
priory of St. Bees, with pasture for 300 sheep on
Sandwith marsh ; forty-eight messuages in Kirk
by Begog, parcel of the manor of St. Bees, with
divers quit-rents, foggage, and after-pastures in
certain fields there; a yearly rent of 16s. 8d.,
called Walk-mill silver, payable in common
among the tenants ofthe manor of St. Bees ; a
rent of 24s. out of the manor of Hensingham ;
and four messuages in Hensingham and Wray ; —
all of which were parcel of the lands and posses
sions of Sir Thomas Chaloner, knight, deceased,
and of the yearly rent of 28/. 8s. 0^d. ; to be
holden as of the manor of Sheriff-Hutton, co.
York, in free soceage. These grants were soon
after confirmed by act of parliament.
In the year 1629, William Lickbarrow, the
master, addressed a petition to the Bishop of
Chester, in which he complained of the state and
misgovernment of the school, that the statutes
were not observed, nor the arrears of rent paid,
. and that during sixteen years' labour, "both in
schole and church," he had received nothing but
calumny and abuse.
Sir John Lowther, who died in 1705, gave 51.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 357
per annum, and a valuable library to this school ;
to which Sir Joseph Williamson, Secretary of
state to Charles IL, made considerable additions.
Dr. Lamplugh, Archbishop of York, also gave
51. per annum to the library, but this has been
withdrawn. Bishop Barlow presented some
valuable books. William, Earl of Lonsdale, has
also been a benefactor to this institution. The
site of the school and the master's house was
given by Thomas Chaloner, Esq.*
The increased revenues of the school arise
chiefly from coal pits : the royalty of St. Bees
belongs to the school.
The school is in reality free only to the coun
ties of Cumberland and Westmorland, although
no distinction is now made : every scholar pre
senting the head-malter and the second-master
with an annual offering (called a Cock-penny,) on
Shrove Tuesday, varying according to the means
and inclinations of the donors. The children of
the poor of the parish pay merely the fourpence
required by the statutes.
The number of scholars has greatly varied, — it
has exceeded 150, and is now reduced to 30.
The present governors are, — The Right Hon
orable William, Earl of Lonsdale, K.G. ; the
Rev. John Fox, D.D., Provost of Queen's College,
Oxford, ex officio; the Rev. William Henry Leech,
Rector of Egremont, ex officio ; Humphrey Sen-
* By an indenture, made 28th Elizabeth, Thomas Chaloner, of Gray's
Inn, Esq., gave the ground on which the school was built, and also 40
loads of coals at his coal-pits in St. Bees, for the use of the school. In
consideration of these gifts, two boys, to be called Chaloner's scholars,
were to be placed in the school by the said Thomas Chaloner and his
heirs for ever : they do not, however, avail themselves of that privilege.
2 z

358 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
house, Esq., of Nether Hall ; Major Spedding,
Summergrove, Whitehaven; Edward Stanley,
Esq., M.P., Ponsonby Hall ; and the Rev. Alex
ander Scott, M.A., Bootle.
There are two exhibitions of 25/. per annum
each, at Queen's College, Oxford, (founded by
Dr. Thomas, Bishop of Rochester,) for the sons
of clergymen of the diocese, and educated at the
grammar-schools of Carlisle and St. Bees. A St.
Bees scholar has also the privilege of becoming
a candidate for one of the five valuable exhibi
tions founded by the Lady Elizabeth Hastings.
There are two scholarships and one fellowship
at Queen's College, Oxford, for scholars of St.
Bees. The nomination is in the College.
Bishop Hall, Master of Trinity College, Dub
lin, was educated at this school, as was probably
also Archbishop Sandys.
The head-master has a comfortable dwelling-
house, adjoining the school, upon which William,
Earl of Lonsdale, expended 700/. His lordship
made additions to the library in 1 803, and fitted
it up with book-cases. The present head-master
is the Rev. John Fox, M.A., and the usher or
second-master is Mr. James Armstrong.
In 1815, the revenue of the school was
112/. 10s., exclusive ofthe house and garden for
the master, and about five acres of land. The
present revenue is about 75/.
The school-house is a plain substantial build
ing, near the church. Over the door are the in
itials of the benevolent founder and the following
inscription : — E 1587 G
INGREDERE UT PROFICIAS

"W Knn.8"br o ale deiT

IL®W3TIIIEIE" S.THIB1E.T WffiHTISlIA^ISJSr.
S.Jefferson, Carlisle 1642.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 359
List of Head Masters.
158 . Nicholas Copelande, B. A.
 William Brisco, occurs 1610.
.... William Lickbarrow, occurs 1623.
.... Rev. R. Jackson.*
 Rev. John Hutchinson, M. A.f
179 . Rev. John Barnes, M. A. J
181 . Rev. William Wilson, M. A.||
1817 Rev. Thomas Bradley, M. A.
1830 Rev. John Fox, M. A.§
ffl28t)itrt)atati.
Whitehaven is a large and opulent sea-port
and market-town, 307 miles N.W. from London,
and 42 miles S.W. from Carlisle. It is seated
on the Irish Sea, near a small creek which forms
the harbour, bounded and overlooked on the
other sides by green hills which rise abruptly
from the outskirts of the town.
In the sixteenth century Whitehaven was so
inconsiderable a place as to be unnoticed by
Camden. It owes its rise to its present rank as
a sea-port to the exertions of the family of the
Earl of Lonsdale, who have been lords of the
manor for about two centuries.
* Ob. 1738, aged 80, vicar of Barton, 33 years minister ofthe parish,
and 52 years head master of the Grammar School.
f Fellow of Queen's College, Oxford ; ob. at Egremont, 1794.
X Curate of Loweswater, a native of Red-hall, near Wigton, ob. 1810.
|| Mr. Wilson published an expurgated edition of Juvenal, with Eng
lish notes, Collectanea Theologica, and Christianas Pietatis Prima Insti-
tutio. Now D.D. vicar of Holy-Rhood, Southampton.
§ Of Queen's College, Oxford ; a nephew ofthe Rev. John Fox, D.D.,
provost of that college.
2 z 2

360 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The town is very regularly built, the streets
intersecting each other at right angles, and con
tains, as do the suburbs, many good mansions.
A market on Thursday, and a yearly fair on
the 1st of August, were granted to Sir John
Lowther, Bart., by Charles II. in 1660. There
are now three weekly markets — Tuesday, Thurs
day, and Saturday. The fair of late years has
been held on the 12th of August, but it is now
nearly obselete.*
"The Cumberland Pacquet," published at
Whitehaven by Mr. Robert Gibson, is the oldest
newspaper in the county, having been established
in 1774. Two other newspapers have been
published here — " e The Chronicle,' which lived
only a short period, and the ' Gazette,' which
was continued from 1819 to 1826, when it was
purchased and annihilated by the proprietor of
the 'Pacquet'." Another newspaper, "The
Whitehaven Herald," was commenced in about
1830 : and is now published by Mr. George Irwin.
Whitehaven is called in ancient records, Qwit-
ofthaven, Whitofthaven, and Whyttothaven (i. e.
White-toft-haven), and is supposed by some to
derive its name from the whiteness of the rocks
near the harbour, when compared with the dark
red sand-stone about St. Bees Head ; others er
roneously think the name arose from the circum
stance of the first fisherman who frequented the
bay, being of the name of White, and that he
built a small cottage here in the Old Town, over
the door of which was carved the date 1592.f
* In the year 1792 there was "a diligence once a week" from White
haven to Carlisle. f This house fell down in 1817.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 361
This latter supposition cannot be correct, as in
the Register of the priory of St. Bees the place
is very frequently mentioned, at a much older
period, as Witofthaven and Qwitofthaven, — suffi
cient evidence to prove the fallacy of the latter
etymology. "It was belonging to St. Begh's of antient time,
for the Abbot of York, in Edward I's time, was
impleaded for wreck, and his liberties there, by
the king, which he claimed from the foundation,
to be confirmed by Richard Lucy, in King John's
time, to his predecessors."
In the reign of Queen Elizabeth (A. D. 1566),
as appears from a survey of the shipping and
trade of the county of Cumberland, taken by
virtue of a commission under the great seal,
Whitehaven was a small fishing village, contain
ing six houses. The only vessel belonging to
the place was a pickard of eight or nine tons,
employed in fishing. And in 1582, the Earl of
Lincoln, Lord High-Admiral, having commanded
a general muster of ships and mariners within
the county, there were only twelve small ships,
under 80 tons, and 198 mariners and fishermen
in the county. In the return of ships at the
time of the Spanish invasion, the Bee of White
haven, 10 tons, appears as the largest belonging
to the county.
The lands here, which had formerly belonged
to the Priory of St. Bees, were bought by Sir
Christopher Lowther, (second son of Sir John
Lowther, of Lowther,) who settled at this place
during the life-time of his father. His mansion
was at the west end of the town, at the foot of

362 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the rock.* Sir John, dying in 1 644, was succeeded
by his son and heir, Sir John Lowther, who built
a new mansion-house, (on the site of the Castle,)
described by Mr. T. Denton, in 1688, as " a stately
new pile of building, called the Flatt."
At this period, as appears from an old print,
" The South-east Prospect of Whitehaven in the
year 1642," Whitehaven consisted of about forty
houses ; " the little old chapel," mentioned by
Nicolson and Burn, was an humble edifice, with
a bell-turret, and a cross at the east end. A few
pack-horses, probably just arrived from Kendal,
over Hardknot and Wrynose, (see page 188),
are seen approaching the town along a road
strewed with large stones, and partly overgrown
with grass.
This chapel was situated in Chapel-street : the
burial-ground extended to the bank in Lowther-
street. In May, 1831, when excavating for the
foundations of the bank, a number of skulls and
bones were found here, and a tomb-stone, with
this inscription : — Here'lieth the
body of Rodger
Browne who died
Ivly 25, 1654.
In connection with this, the Rev. W. Ainger,
D.D., principal of the college of St. Bees, copied
the following entry from the parish register : —
"Anno Dni., 1654, 27th day of July, Rodger
Browne, a Welshman, buried."
* There are yet remaining in this part of the town two ancient houses
which bear marks of having " seen better days ;" and have, in all
probability, been the mansions of some of the principal families in tho
town.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 363
About the year 1666, Sir John Lowther, of
Whitehaven, obtained from Charles II. a grant
of all the "derelict land at this place," which yet
remained in the Crown ; and in 1678, all the lands
between high and low water marks, for two miles
northward, on payment of a yearly rent to the
Crown. The latter grant contained about 150
acres, being in breadth 200 yards. " Sir John
having thus laid the foundation of the future
importance of Whitehaven, commenced his great
work, and lived to see a small obscure village,
which in 1633 had consisted only of nine thatched
cottages, grown up into a thriving and populous
town, which in 1693 contained 2,222 inhabit
ants." A pier was erected by Sir John Lowther be
fore 1687. Mr. T. Denton describes the harbour
as rendered so commodious by it, as to be cap
able of containing a fleet of 100 sail.
From this period, Whitehaven rose to com
mercial importance in a steady yet rapid manner :
in 1685, there were 46 vessels belonging to this
port, exclusive of boats, of from 12 to 94 tons,
equal to 1871 tons. The largest of these, the
Resolution, of 94 tons, was "commanded by
Richard Kelsick, in which he crossed the Western
Ocean oftener than once to the province of Vir
ginia, and there took in a cargo of tobacco, and
discharged the same at Whitehaven."
One of the most important historical facts
connected with the annals of Whitehaven, is the
daring attempt of Paul Jones, the noted pirate,
to fire the shipping in the harbour. On Thurs
day, 23d April, 1778, he landed here with about
thirty armed men, from an American privateer,

364 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Ranger, mounting eighteen six-pounders and six
swivels, which had been equipped at Nantes,
expressly for this horrid attempt. Jones, who
was a native of Galloway, had served his ap
prenticeship, as a seaman, on board a vessel
belonging to Whitehaven, and his acquaintance
with the port enabled him to undertake its de
struction. He and his men set fire to three ships,
expecting the flames would spread through the
two hundred then in the harbour ; but in con
sequence of the defection of one of the men
(David Freeman), who alarmed the inhabitants,
this was prevented by their timely defence.*
" Before any force could be collected, Jones
and his crew had re-embarked in two boats, and all
the guns ofthe nearest battery were found spiked.
Three of them were, however, soon cleared, and
several shots were fired, a few of which .were ob
served to fall between the two boats, but not to
take effect. The boats were afterwards seen to
reach the ship, which, about nine o'clock, stood
audaciously towards the harbour, with the flow
ing tide, and with the appearance of bombarding
it, but on a discharge from one of the fort-guns
she sheered off, and, as it afterwards proved, the
crew landed upon the opposite shore of Galloway,
where they plundered the house of the Earl of
Selkirk." After this daring attempt great exertions were
made to put the harbour into a proper state of
defence. A subscription for this purpose amount
ed in the space of four days to £851 5s. 3d.
" Grim visaged war having smoothed his wrinkled
* Mr. David Williams, a Welshman, was one of the seamen taken
from Whitehaven by Paul Jones : he died in the town a few years ago.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 365
front," the batteries had been long neglected, and
they required the chief part of that sum to
render them efficient for defence : an additional
number of guns was received from Woolwich.
At the latter end of the last century the bat
teries were thus described : — " The whole number
of cannon is now 98, amongst which are 12
forty-two-pounders, and 18 of thirty-six. — At
one of the forts, (commonly called Old Fort) the
military guard is kept ; and it is always the depot
of the regiment. It is situated at the entrance
to the New Quay, and commands the whole of
the harbour, and the approach to it from the
northward. — At about two hundred yards dis
tance, nearer St. Bees Head, is the Half-Moon-
Battery, so situated as to command the whole
bay. — On the opposite side of the harbour is
the open battery on a place called Jack-a-Dandy,
in which are mounted four of the heaviest pieces,
and some smaller guns. — The fourth battery is
upon the height, (or brow, as it is generally called)
in front of the bowling-green, almost directly
above the Half-Moon-Battery, and capable of
commanding not only the whole bay, but the
coast towards Harrington and Workington, and
¦a great part of the road from Whitehaven to
these places, by Bransty-Brow, &c."
About thirty years ago there were eighteen
guns mounted on the different batteries : three
42-pounders, eight 32-pounders, seven 18-pound-
ers, besides eight 24-pounders unserviceable ; and
of dismounted guns, three 42-pounders and three
18-pounders serviceable, and four 42-pounders
unserviceable. 3 A

366 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
There is now only one battery : it is neglected,
and not all prepared for defence.
Acts of parliament for improving the town
and harbour of Whitehaven were passed in 1708
and 1711; other acts, for making the former
more effectual, and for repairing the roads leading
to the town, passed in 1740, 1816, and 1818.*
The Manor.
The manor of Whitehaven formed part of the
possessions of the Priory of St. Bees, and was
purchased by Sir Christopher Lowther, (second
son of Sir John Lowther, of Lowther,) in the
* "On the 31st of January, and 2nd of February 1791, the inhabitants
were greatly alarmed by the falling in of some of the old coal works
under the town near Duke-street and George-street, where 18 houses,
including the elegant mansion of H. Littledale, Esq. were injured, but
fortunately the inmates had time to escape unhurt, and from 60 to 80
families deserted that part of the town, till they were assured that no fur
ther danger was to be apprehended. This accident was caused by a,
great body of water bursting suddenly from the old workings into the
new mines, where two men, a woman, and five horses perished in the
overwhelming torrent."
" The town and harbour sustained much damage on the 24th, 25th, and
26th of January, 1797, by the most tremendous storms of wind and rain,
that were ever witnessed on this coast. The tide rose so high that the
water overflowed the market-place, was three feet deep on the Custom
house quay — washed up part of the pavement in Marlborough-street, and
entered the king's cellars. The mole which extended from the Half-moon
Battery, was entirely destroyed, together with most of the new quay, and
part of the new Tongue. Every part of the harbour and shipping re
ceived much injury ; and a fine vessel, belonging to New York, was
forced from her moorings and wrecked near Harrington, but allthe crew
were providentially saved. The quays, on the coast northward as far as
Solway Frith, were greatly injured, and several houses were washed
down."

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 367
life-time of his father. Sir Christopher built
a manor-house here, (see page 362,) and his
son, Sir John, also built one on the site of
the Castle. Sir James, second son of the last
named, and the fourth and last baronet of this
branch, died without issue in 1755, and was suc
ceeded in his Whitehaven estates by Sir James
Lowther, of Lowther, Bart., who in 1784 was
created Earl of Lonsdale. By a subsequent
patent, in 1797, he was created Viscount Lowther
of Whitehaven, with remainder to the heirs male
of the late Rev. Sir William Lowther, of Swil-
lington, Bart. The Earl dying without issue in
1802, was succeeded in the title of Viscount
Lowther by Sir William Lowther, Bart, (eldest
son of Sir William above-mentioned) to whom he
bequeathed almost the whole of his princely
fortune. Whitehaven passed under the will of
Sir James Lowther, who died in 1755.* William
Viscount Lowther was in 1807 created Earl of
Lonsdale ; and is the present lord of the manor
of Whitehaven. The Castle.
Whitehaven Castle, a seat of the Right Honor
able the Earl of Lonsdale, K.G., F.A.S., (a view
of which forms the frontispiece to the present
volume), is a large quadrangular building, near
the south-eastern entrance to the town. It oc
cupies the site of the manor-house, built about
the year 1644, by Sir John Lowther, described
by Mr. T. Denton, in 1688, as " a stately new
pile of building called the Flatt." The greater
* Lysons.
3 a 2

368 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
part of the castle was erected by James, first Earl
of Lonsdale. The principal front is towards the
town, which is nearly concealed by trees sur
rounding the lawn.
In the entrance-hall are two Roman altars :
one of which " is the largest which has been
discovered in Britain, being no less than five feet
in height ; it is formed of a dark reddish grit
stone, and was found before the year 1559, at
EUenborough." An engraving of it is given in
the third edition of Camden's Britannia, from a
drawing made by his friend Sir Robert Cotton ;
as also in Gough's edition, and in Lysons's Mag
na Britannia. The inscription is as follows : —
GENIO LOCI
FORTUNE RED
ROM.E ^TERN^l
ETFATO BONO
G. CORNELIUS
PEREGRINVS TRIB.COHORT.
EX PROVINC
MAVR. CMSA
DOMOS ET jED
DECVR 
which may be read thus : — " Genio loci Fortuna?
reduci Roma; JEterna? et Fato bono Gains Cornelius
Peregrinus Tribunus Cohortis ex provincia Mauri
tania; Ca?sariensis Domos et JEdem Decurionum,
[restituit.]" On the back of the altar, near the top, is in
scribed Volanti Vivas.*
The other altar was found at Moresby, by the
Rev. George Wilkinson, B.D., now incumbent of
* Not Volantii, as in Camden.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 369
Arlecdon, by whom it was presented to the Earl
of Lonsdale. It has this inscription : —
IMP.CAES
TRAIN . HADRI
ANI.AVG.P.P LEG . XXVV.
The stair-case and apartments contain some
fine paintings by eminent masters ; among which
may be mentioned — the Marriage at Cana, by
Tintoret ; Hero and Leander, by Guido ; and five
large groups of animals, by Snyders. Among
the family portraits are — an excellent likeness
(in his younger days) of the present venerable
William, Earl of Lonsdale, K.G., in his robes, by
Hoppner ; Sir Christopher Lowther, first Baronet,
of Whitehaven; Sir James Lowther, fourth
Baronet, ob. 1755 ; James, first Earl of Lonsdale,
in a masquerade dress, ob. 1802; Mrs. Hannah
Lowther, of Marske, ob. 1757, aged 103; and
some others, of which we did not learn the
names.
Lowther, Earl of Lonsdale.
Arms: Quarterly of nine ; 1, Or, six annulets, three, two,
and one, sable, Lowther; 2, Ermine, a canton azure, charged
with a cross upon three stairs, argent, Quale ; 3, Argent, a
lion rampant sable, within a bordure azure, Stapleton ; 4,
Gules, three fishes hauriant or, Lucy ; 5, Sable, three es
callops within a bordure engrailed argent, Strickland; 6,
Sable, three covered cups argent, Warcop ; 7, Sable, three
martlets volant argent,  ; 8, Or, two bars gules, on
a canton of the second, a mullet of the field, Lancaster ; 9,
Argent, three bugles. . . .
Crest : On a wreath a dragon passant, argent.
Supporters: — Two horses argent, each gorged with a
chaplet of laurel, proper.
Motto: — Magistratus indicat virum.

370 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.

Town Besidence: — 12, Charles-street, Berkeley-square.
Seats.- — Lowther castle, co. Westmorland; Whitehaven
castle ; Cottesmere park, Eutlandshire.

Of this ancient knightly family, who are intimately con
nected with the history of this county, the first whose names
are recovered are William de Lowthere and Thomas de
Lowthere, appearing as witnesses to a grant in the reign of
Henry II. : the names of Sir Thomas de Lowther, Sir Ger-
vase de Lowther, knight, and Gervase de Lowther, arch
deacon of Carlisle, occur in the reign of Henry III. The
regular pedigree commences in the reign of Edward I., with
Sir Hugh de Lowther, knight, . attorney-general in the
20th Edward I. and knight of the shire in the 28th and 33rd
Edward I. He was subsequently justice-itinerant, and es-
cheator on the north side of the Trent, and in the 5th Ed
ward III. was made one ofthe justices ofthe court of king's
bench. He married .... daughter of Sir Peter de Tilliol,
of Scaleby castle, knight, by whom he had issue,
1. Hugh, son and heir.
2. Thomas, juror on the inquisition^, m. of Alexander,
king of Scotland, 21st Edward I.
Sir Hugh de Lowther, knight, son and heir, married
firstly, a daughter of Lord Lucy of Cockermouth, and second
ly, Margaret, daughter and heiress of William de Quale.
lathe 18th Edward II. he was one ofthe commissioners to
array all men at arms in Cumberland,to assist in the expected
invasion from France. He served the office of Sheriff of
Cumberland for three successive years, was thrice returned
knight for the county of Westmorland^ and twke for Cum
berland.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 371
Sir Robert de Lowther, knight, probably son and heir of
Hugh, had two brothers, John and William. He often re
presented the county of Cumberland in parliament. He died
in the 9th Henry VI. (1430), and was survived by his widow.
In the church of Lowther there is a brass plate bearing this
inscription to his memory : —
Moribus expertus, et miles honore repertus,
Lowther Robertas jacet umbra mortis opertus.
Aprilis mense decimante diem, necis ense
Transit ad immense celestis gaudia mense.
Mille quadringentis ter denis, mens morientis,
Annis, viventis escas capit omnipotentis.
He is said to have married " Margaret daughter and heir of
William Strickland, Bishop- of Carlisle ;" but this is probably
incorrect, as his being a churchman would compel him to
celibacy. He had issue,
1. Hugh.
2. Anne, married to Sir Thomas Curwen, of Working
ton, knight.
3. Mary, married to Sir James Pickering, of Killington,
knight.
4. Elizabeth, married to William Lancaster.
Sir Hugh de Lowther, knight, son and heir, married
Margaret, daughter of John de Derwentwater. He was at
the battle of Agincourt, " there being with him Geffrey de
Louther and Richard de Louther." He served the office of
sheriff of Cumberland, 18th Henry VI.
Sir Hugh de Lowther, knight, son and heir of the above,
married Mabel, daughter of Sir William Lancaster, of Sock
bridge. He was knight of the shire and sheriff of the county
of Cumberland. He died 15th Edward IV.
Sir Hugh de Lowther, knight, son and heir, married Anne,
daughter of Sir Lancelot Threlkeld, by Margaret Bromflet,
heiress of Vescy, and widow of John, Lord Clifford. In the
17th Henry VII. he was made knight ofthe Bath. He died
circa 2nd Henry VIII. leaving issue John, Lancelot, Robert,
Joan (married John Fleming, Esq.), and Mabel (married
John Leigh, Esq.)
Sir John Lowther, knight, married Lucy, daughter of
Sir Thomas Curwen, of Workington. He had issue a son
Hugh, and a daughter Mabel married to Christopher Dalston,

372 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
of Uldale, Esq. Sir John was called out on the border
service, A.D. 1543, with one hundred horse and forty foot,
and was sheriff of Cumberland for three years. He had
issue, Sir Hugh Lowther, knight, son and heir, married Dorothy,
daughter of Henry, Lord Clifford, and by her had issue,
1. Bichard.
2. Gerard, a bencher in Lincoln's Inn.
3. Margaret, married John Richmond, of High-head
castle, Esq.
4. Anne, married Thomas Wybergh, of Clifton, Esq.
5. Frances, married Sir Henry Goodyer, of Powels-
worth, knight.
6. Barbara, married Thomas Carleton, of Carleton,
Esq.
Sir Hugh died before his father ; his eldest son Richard
succeeded his grandfather Sir John.
Sir Richard Lowther, knight, grandson and heir, married
Frances, daughter of John Middleton, of Middleton-hall,
Esq. He succeeded Henry, Lord Scrope as lord-warden
of the West Marches. In 1568, when deputy- warden, he
conveyed Mary, Queen of Scots, from Cockermouth to the
castle of Carlisle ; (see pages 244, 254) and on her way to
Bolton, where she was subsequently confined, he entertained
her majesty at Lowther-hall. In the church of Lowther
there is a mural monument to his memory. By his wife he
had issue, 1. John, ob. v. p.
2. Christopher.
3. John, ob. s. p.
4. Gerard, Chief-Justice ofthe Common Pleas in Ire-
ob. s.p. .
5. Hugh, a "captain in the army.
6. Richard, ob. s.p.
7. Lancelot, one of the Barons of the Exchequer in
Ireland.
8. William, married Eleanor Welberry, of Ingleton, co.
York, from whom are descended the Lowthers of
Ingleton.
1. Anne, married Alexander Fetherstonhaugh of
Northumberland, Esq.
2. Florence.
3. Frances, died young.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 373
4. Margaret, died unmarried.
5. Dorothy, died young.
6. Mabel, died young.
7. Frances, married Thomas Clyburne of Clyburne.
Sir Christopher Lowther, knight, eldest surviving son
and heir of Sir Richard, married Eleanor, daughter of Sir
William Musgrave of Hayton, co. Cumberland; and by her
had issue, 1. John.
2. Gerard, a captain, slain in the service of the king of
Poland.
3. Richard, a barrister-at-law.
4. Christopher, in holy orders, rector of Lowther.
5. William, clerk of the warrants of the Common Pleas
in Ireland.
6. Lancelot, in holy orders, rector of Marton, married
Esther Pierce of Dublin, and by her had issue,
Christopher Lowther, of Colby Laithes, who had
a son, Gerard Lowther, rector of Bowness, father of
Henry Lowther, rector of Aikton, who had
a son, William Lowther, B.A. rector ofLow-
ther.
7. Robert, alderman of the city of London, married
firstly, Margaret, daughter of of Thomas Cutler, of
Steinburgh, co. York : and secondly, .... Holcroft,
by whom he had two sons,
1. Anthony, who had issue,
Sir William Lowther, of Mask, Bart., who, by
his first wife, Catherine, daughter and heir of
Thomas Preston of Holker, Esq., had issue,
Sir Thomas Lowther of Holker, Bart., who
by his wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Wil
liam Cavendish, Duke of Devonshire,
had issue
Sir William Lowther of Holker and
Whitehaven, Bart., who died un
married.
2. John, married the widow of George Preston, of
Holker, Esq., and died in 1697.
8. George.
1. Eleanor, married Richard Fallowfield, of Strickland-
hall, Esq.
3 B

374 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
2. Anne.
3. Frances, died young.
4. Frances.
Sir Christopher had also a natural son, Sir Gerard Low
ther, one of the judges in Ireland.
Sir John Lowther, knight, eldest son of the above was
knight of the shire for Westmorland in four parliaments.
He married Eleanor, daughter of William Fleming of Rydal,
Esq., by whom he had issue,
1. John.
2. Sir Christopher, created Baronet in 1642, for
whom his father purchased the estates of St. Bees
and Whitehaven. He died in 1644. Sir Christopher
married Frances, one of the coheiresses of the Lan
casters of Sockbridge, and by her had issue,
Sir John Lowther, second Baronet, of Sockbridge,
afterwards the founder of Whitehaven, who
married Jane, daughter of Webley Leigh, co.
Surrey, Esq., and had issue, (with three daugh
ters, Elizabeth, Catherine, and Jane,)
Sir Christopher, third Baronet, died s. p. in
1731.
Sir James, fourth Baronet, died unmarried in
1755, worth nearly 2,000,000/. which de
volved to Sir James Lowther afterwards
the first Earl. At his death the Baronetcy
of 1642 expired. He was M.P. for the city
of Carlisle, and vice-admiral of the couuty.
3. Sir William, of Swillington, from whom descended
the present Earl.
1. Agnes, married to Roger Kirkby of Furness, co.
Lancaster, Esq.
2. Frances, married to John Dodsworth of Thornton
Watlass, co. York, Esq.
Sir John died Sep. 15, 1637, and was succeeded by his
eldest son,
Sir John Lowther, first Baronet of Nova Scotia ; so creat
ed in the year 1640. He was a great sufferer in the royal
cause. During the usurpation he lived retired ; but was
one of the knights of the shire for Westmorland in the par
liament at the restoration. He married, firstly, Mary,
daughter of Sir Richard Fletcher, of Hutton, by whom he
had issue,

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 375
1. John, ob. v. p. He married, firstly, Elizabeth,
daughter and coheiress of Sir Henry Bellingham, of
Levens, Bart., by whom he had issue,
John, aged 9 at Sir W. Dugdale's visitation in
1664; of whom hereafter as first Viscount
Lonsdale.
Mary, married, firstly, George Preston, of Holker,
gentleman; and secondly, John Lowther, Esq.,
one of the commissioners of the revenue in
Ireland.
By his second wife, Mary, daughter of William Withens,
of Eltham, co. Kent, Esq., he had issue,
William, M.P. for the City of Carlisle, died un
married.
2. Richard, who died young.
3. Richard, of Mauds Meaburn, M.P. for Appleby,
grandfather of-Sir James Lowther, Bart., from whom
descended James, first Earl. He married Barbara,
daughter of Robert Pricket, of Wresel Castle, co.
York, Esq., and had issue,
Robert, son and heir, was storekeeper of the
Tower, captain-general and governor-in-chief of
Barbadoes. He married Catherine, only daughter
of Sir Joseph Pennington, of Muncaster Castle,
Bart., by Margaret, his wife, fourth daughter of"
John, Viscount Lonsdale. He died Sept. 1745,
leaving issue,
James, first Earl of Lonsdale.
Robert, M.P. for Westmorland.
Margaret, married to Henry, Earl of Darling
ton.
Catherine, married to Harry, Duke of Bolton.
Barbara.
Christopher, who married Anne, daughter of Sir
John Cowper, cousin-german to the Lord Chan
cellor Cowper.
Richard, a captain.
Eleanor, married to .... Barnard, M.D. of York.
4. Christopher, a Turkey Merchant in London.
5. Hugh, a merchant in London.
1. Mary, died young.
2. Eleanor, married Sir Christopher Wandesford, of
Kirklinton, co. York, Bart.
3. Barbara, married John Bielby, of Grange, co. York,
Esq.
3 B 2

376 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
4. Anne.
5. Mary, married Edward Trotter, of Skelton Castle,
co. York, Esq.
6. Frances, married Sir Thomas Pennyman, of Ormesby,
co. York, Bart.
By his second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John
Hare, of Stowe-Bardolfe, co. Norfolk, knight, and widow of
Wooley Leigh, Esq., he had issue,
1 . Ralph, father of John Lowther, M.P. for Pontefract
in 1722. "
2. William, counsellor-at-law,
3. Robert.
And four daughters, Mary, Anne, Elizabeth, and
Margaret, the latter of whom married Sir John Au
brey, of Llantrithed, co. Glamorgan, Bart.
Sir John died in the year 1675, and was succeeded by his
grandson, Sir John Lowther, of Lowther, second Baronet, grandson
and heir, was born 1655, at Hackthorp-hall, and educated
at the Free Grammar School at Appleby and Queen's college,
Oxford. He was a considerable benefactor to the above
school, and was often returned M.P. for Westmorland. Sir
John rebuilt the rectory-house and church of Lowther. He
distinguished himself by influencing the counties of Cum
berland and Westmorland in favour of William III., and
secured the city of Carlisle. For these services, on the
accession of king William, Sir John was constituted vice-
chamberlain of his majesty's household, a member of his
privy council, and lord-lieutenant of the county of West
morland in 1689. In the following year, he was appointed
one of the lords of the treasury.
On the 28th of May, 1696, Sir John was created Baron
Lowthe* of Louther, and Viscount Lonsdale. In the year
1699, he was made lord privy-seal, and was twice appointed
to the office of one ofthe lords justices for the government
of the kingdom during the absence of the king.
Viscount Lonsdale left in MS. " Memoirs ofthe Reign of
JamesII." which the present Earl of Lonsdale printed in
4to. at York, in 1808, with the " Life and Character of
John, first Viscount Lowther," prefixed to it. In this Life
it is said that when ill health in 1699, " compelled him to
decline his attendance upon Parliament fc-r some time he
returned to his seat at Lowther, where he enjoyed that
happy solitude which he called ' his dearest companion and

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 377
entertainment.' " " He took great pleasure in adorning his
magnificent house, with paintings ofthe most eminent artists ;
and indulged his taste for rural elegance in improving the
aspect of the whole country, in embellishing and enriching
its noble scenery, by those extensive plantations, which he
formed and nurtured with the tenderest care. Relieved
from the toil and fatigues of public engagements, he experi
enced a never-failing source of gratification in the recreation
of his garden."
He died 10th July, 1700, aged 45, leaving issue, (by his
wife, Catherine, daughter of Sir Henry Frederick Thynne,)
1. Bichard.
2. Henry.
3. Anthony, one ofthe commissioners of the revenue
in Ireland, M.P. for Cockermouth in 1714, and after
wards knight ofthe shire for Westmorland. He died
unmarried, in 1741.
1. Mary, married to Sir John Wentworth of North
Elmsal, co. York. Bart.
2. Elizabeth, married to Sir William Ramsden, of By-
rom, co. York, Bart.
3. Jane, who died unmarried, in 1752.
4. Margaret, married to Sir Joseph Pennington, of
Muncaster, co. Cumberland, Bart.
5. Barbara, married to Thomas Howard, of Corby
castle, co. Cumberland, Esq.
Richard Lowther, second Viscount Lonsdale, son and heir,
died at Lowther, unmarried, in the year 1713, aged 21.
Tickell dedicated his " Oxford" to this nobleman. He was
succeeded by his brother and heir, Henry.
Henry Lowther, third Viscount Lonsdale, in 1715 was
constituted custos rotulorum, and subsequently lord-lieuten
ant of the counties of Cumberland and Westmorland. In this
year he assembled a body of upwards of 10,000 men to op
pose the Pretender, (see Leath Ward, page 24.)
Lord Lonsdale was appointed one of the lords of the
bedchamber, constable of the tower of London, lord-lieu
tenant of the Tower-hamlets, and lord privy-seal. He also
died unmarried, " universally esteemed and lamented," 12th
March, 1750, when the peerage became extinct, but the
baronetcy descended to James Lowther, Esq. grandson of
Richard, third son of Sir John, first baronet, who died in
1675.

378 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Sir James Lowther, of Lowther, Baronet, (son and heir of
Robert Lowther of Mauds Meaburn, Esq.,) by the death of
his father, and of Henry Viscount Lonsdale, and of Sir
William Lowther, baronet, became possessed of the three
great inheritances of Mauds Meaburn, Lowther, and White
haven. Sir James was an alderman of the city of Carlisle, M.P.
for the counties of Westmorland and Cumberland, and lord-
lieutenant and custos rotulorum for those counties. In 1755,
he succeeded to the immense property of his kinsman Sir
James of Whitehaven, which was estimated at 2,000,000/.
In 1761 , he married Lady Margaret, daughter of John Stuart,
Earl of Bute. In the year 1784, he was elevated to the
peerage by the titles of Baron Lowther and Baron Kendal,
co. Westmorland, Baron Burgh, co. Cumberland, Viscount
Lonsdale, Viscount Lowther, and Earl of Lonsdale ; and in
,1797, his lordship obtained a new patent, creating him Baron
and Viscount Lowther, of Whitehaven, with remainder to the
heirs male of his third cousin the Rev. Sir William Lowther,
of Swillington, Bart., in holy orders, prebendary of York.
The Earl of Lonsdale died 24th May, 1802, without issue,
when the titles of 1797* descended to his kinsman Sir
William Lowther, Bart., son and heir ofthe above Rev. Sir
William. William Lowther, second Earl of Lonsdale, K.G., F.S.A.
The present Earl succeeded as Viscount Lowther, in 1802 ;
in the year 1807, he was created Earl of Lonsdale, and soon
after was installed a knight of the most noble Order of the
Garter. His lordship was recorder of the city of Carlisle,
is a lieutenant-colonel in the army, and lord-lieutenant of the
counties of Westmorland and Cumberland. In 1781, his
lordship married the Lady Augusta Fane, eldest daughter of
John, ninth Earl of Westmorland. This excellent and
benevolent lady died in 1838, and was interred in the church
of Lowther. By this lady his lordship had issue,
1. William, Viscount Lowther, M.P., F.R.S., F.S.A. is
a Commissioner of Greenwich Hospital ; born 30th
July, 1787.
2. Henry-Cecil,born 27th July, 1 790, M.P., alieutenant-
colonel in the army ; married, 1817, Lucy-Eleanor
eldest daughter of Philip, fifth Earl of Harborough^
by whom he has had issue,
1. Henry, born 27th March, 1818.
* Those of 1784 and the baronetcy of 1640, expired at his death.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 379
2. Arthur, born 12th July, 1820.
3. William, born 14th Dec. 1821.
4. Eleanor-Cecily, born 20th Dec. 1822.
5. Augusta-Mary, born 24th Dec. 1825.
6. Constantia, born 4th July, 1831.
7. A daughter, born 9th October, 1832.
1. Elizabeth, born 1st Sept., 1784.
2. Mary, born 28th October, 1785; married 1820 Lord
Frederick Bentinck, son of William Henry Cavendish,
third Duke of Portland, K.G., and has issue.
3. Anne, born 14th Dec. 1788; married, 1817, the
Right Hon. Sir John Becket, Bart.
4. Caroline, born 17th Feb. 1792; married, 1815, Lord
William John Frederick Pawlet, son of William
Harry, Marquis of Cleveland.
The Chapel of St. Nicholas.
Until the year 1693 there was no place for
Divine service in Whitehaven, excepting "a little
old chapel" (see page 362,) which was then taken
down. The present spacious edifice was erected
by Sir John Lowther, Bart, and the inhabitants,
at the expence of 1066/. 16s. 2\d. The conse
cration was performed 16th July, 1693. The
inhabitants petitioned the House of Commons
(as in the subjoined note) that this chapel might
be made a parish-church ; but their request was
not granted.* Although the building was com-
* The Case of the Inhabitants of the Town and Port of Whitehaven, m
the parish of Saint Bees, in the county of Cumberland, in Relation
to their being made a separate parish, %c. humbly offered to the con
sideration of the Honourable House of Commons —
The said town and port of Whitehaven is situated on the sea shore,
near four miles distant from the parish church, which said town about
sixty years since, consisted but of nine or ten thatched cottages.
That there are now above four hundred and fifty families in the said
town, producing in all two thousand two hundred and twenty-two inha
bitants, of whom, not above fifteen have estates in the parish, and the

380 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
menced in or before August, 1687, it was not
completed until 1693.
The chapel was certified to the governors of
Queen Ann's bounty at about 60/. per annum ;
of which 40/. arose from the seats, and the re
mainder from contributions. Since that period
it has received a parliamentary grant of 800/.
The benefice is a perpetual curacy. On a vacancy
occurring in the incumbency, the seat-holders
chose two, one of whom the lord of the manor
nominates to the Bishop. The living was re
turned to the commissioners for enquiring con
cerning ecclesiastical revenues as of the average
rest of them, only such riches as are in casualties, depending on their
trade at sea, and the security of their ships and harbour, which are sub
ject to many dangers by fire, enemies, or otherwise.
The said town is, of late years, very much improved in trade ; and, by
great expence and charge of the Honourable Sir John Lowther, Baronet,
and the inhabitants, it is made a convenient port and harbour for ships,
to the great increase of his majesty's revenue, and the benefit of the ad
jacent country.
The inhabitants ofthe said town and port (being sensible of the great
inconveniences they, and the strangers resorting thither, did daily suffer,
for want of a church sufficient to receive all persons frequenting divine
service there) did readily and cheerfully contribute, with the said Sir
John Lowther, Baronet, to the building of a convenient church, for the
service and worship of God, which church was consecrated by his Lord
ship the Bishop of Chester the 16th of July, 1693.
But, there being no regular provision made for the repairs and support
of the said church, or for the preservation of the said harbour so that
both are in great danger of falling to decay and utter ruin, for want of an
equal distribution of the charge such public works require, for the main
tenance thereof; the said inhabitants, therefore, are now humble peti
tioners, with the said Sir John Lowther, Baronet, That the said town
may be made a distinct parish of itself, and they thereby enabled to finish
and support their church, and preserve their harbour, on which their
happiness and welfare do absolutely depend.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 381
annual value of 188/. The ecclesiastical courts
for the deanery of Copeland are holden in this
chapel ; and here the Bishop of Chester holds
visitations and confirmations. Four houses (three
of which are of small value) belong to this chapel.
As a further augmentation of the endowment of
this and the chapels of the Holy Trinity and of
St. James, William, Earl of Lonsdale, gave the
small tithes of St. Bees, the profits of which are
to be equally divided between the ministers of
the three chapels. The Rev. Joseph Askew,
M.A., is the assistant-curate. List of Incumbents.
1693  Yates.
.... Francis Yates, L.L B.f
1738 Curwen Hudleston, M.A.+
1771 Wilfrid Hudleston, B.A.||
1811 Andrew Hudleston, D.D.
The Chapel of St. Nicholas is a plain building,
with nothing ecclesiastical in its external appear
ance excepting the tower. Internally, however,
it is handsomely fitted up. The organ (built by
Snetzler) is placed over the altar ; beneath it is
a painting of the Last Supper, by Matthias Reed.
The pew of the Earl of Lonsdale has some elab
orate carving.
Near the altar-table is this mural inscription —
Sacred
To the Memory of
JAMES RICHARDSON of Carleton Lodge,
t Married Ann, daughter of Charles Orfeur, Esq., by whom he had
issue, Lowther Yates, D.D., master of Catherine Hall, Cambridge, and
prebendary of Norwich ; and John Orfeur of Skirwith abbey, Esq.
X See monumental inscription.
I Rector of Handsworth ; see monumental inscription, page 384.
3 c

382 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Esq,, who died the 10th d*y of May, 1811,
Aged 26 years.
His widow, Jane Richardson, caused this monument
to be erected in grateful tribute to his memory.
JANE, his Widow,
who died on the 6th day of September, 1833,
Aged 47 year's.
Under the tower is a mural tablet with this
inscription — JOHN HARTLEY, Esquire
Died the 12th of March, 1801,
aged 66 years.
ELIZABETH HARTLEY,
his wife,
Died the 13th of September, 1801,
aged 63 years.
On another: —
ELIZABETH HARTLEY
wife of Thomas Hartley, of Gillfoot, Esq.
Died the 5th of April, 1800,
in the 51st year of her age.
THOMAS HARTLEY, Esq.
of Gillfoot,
Died the 23rd of March, 1815,
in the 71st year of his age.
On another : — Mr. WILLIAM GALE
departed this life
May the 9th, 1774,
In the 81st year of his age.
MARGARET his Wife
Died the 25th of September, 1759,
In the 70th year of her age.
In whose memory this plain
monument is erected by theii
Son John Gale,
And Daughter
Isabella Curwen.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 383
On another : —
Near this place lies interred
Mr. GEORGE GRIFFIN,
who died 6th March, 1756,
Aged 39 years.
He was a man remarkable
for his honest industry
and filial duty.
On another : — Sacrum Memorise
ELIZABETHS Dilectissimee Conjugis
CURWENI HUDLESTON hujus Eccl. Ministri
(Qua? brevi Vita? Spatio
Filia? pies, Uxoris amantissima?
Parentis indulgentissimse, Sociae fidelissima?
Christiana? demum Optima?
Officiis fa?liciter functa
Puerperio abrepta
Objit 6, Decbris. 1738, Annos natu 24;
Superstitious relictis, duabus Filiabus
Isabella & Jocosa :
Hoc (quaVecunqsit) perpetuee Charitatis Monumentum
Qua erga pra?stantissimam Conjugem tenetur
Ma?rens posuit
C. H.
Omecum reputa, qui hsec legis
Quam brevis Suavissimas hujus Vitse Delicias
Voluit Esse Deus Opt. Max,
Et tandum Monitus ad eas aspirare discas
Qua? Sterna? sunt futura?.
A mural tablet near the tower bears this in
scription :¦ — Sacred
To the memory
Of the Rev. CURWEN HUDLESTON, A.M.,
formerly Minister of this Chapel,
who died on the 24th of March, 1771 ;
Of WILLIAM SHAMMON, his Sen-in-Law,
3 c 2

384 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Lieutenant in the Royal Navy,
who died on the 29th of November, 1795 ;
Of JOHN HUDLESTON, his Son,
who died on the 24th of April, 1803 ;
And of JOYCE SHAMMON, his only Daughter,
and Widow of said William Shammon,
who died on the 9th of April, 1824,
and at whose desire this tablet is erected.
Also of the
Reverend WILFRID HUDLESTON, his Son, B.A.,
late Minister of this Chapel,
who died on the 7th of April, 1829,
and is interred in the Church yard of the
Parish of Handsworth, near Sheffield,
of which Parish he was Rector.
On another : — Erected
to the memory of
HENRY LITTLEDALE, Gentleman,
late an eminent Attorney
and most valuable member of Society,
who departed this life
on the 24th day of April, 1779,
aged 33 years.
Having lived an ornament to the
Profession and to human nature,
He died universally respected.
Henry Littledale married
Mary, the eldest Daughter of
Robert Watters, Esq.,
on the 1st day of February, 1776,
by whom he had issue two Daughters,
CATHARINE, the Younger,
who died August the 7th, 1793,
aged 1 5 years, and is interred here ;
ANN, the Eldest, who died March 11th, 1794,
aged 17 years, and is interred at
Twickenham, in Middlesex,
where a monument is erected.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 385
MARY, their Mother, who afterwards married
Anthony Benn, Esq., of Hensingham,
Died the 7th of February, 1818, aged 65 years,
and was interred here.
" The patient abiding ofthe meek
shall not perish for ever."
On the wall, outside of the church, is a tablet
with the following inscription. The arms are
three steel morions, impaling a lion statant guar
dant : — Near to this Monument lyes the Body
ofthe truly virtuous and pious HANNAH,
Wife of THOS. LUTWIDGE, Mercht ,
obt. Jun. 6, 1721, Stat. 48, interred
in the same grave with their Son,
PALMER, born Jun. 19, 1703, ob, Aprl. 10, 1704.
Near this place lies CORDELIA, ye
Daugh. of Mr. Thos. & Mrs. L. Lutwidge.
And also LUCY, their Daugr., died
Augt. ye 12th. 1736, aged 15 mos.
On another : — To the Memory of
JOHN, ELIZ., and ANN BENN ; the first
killed on the Coast of Africa, the
two last interred near this place. This
Monument is erected at the request
of the sd. Ann, by her Executors,
1786.
The Chapel of the Holy Trinity.
This chapel was erected in the year 1715, by
James Lowther, Esq. and others of the inhabi
tants, on ground given by Mr. Lowther. It
was certified at about 60/. ; of which 10/. arose
from the seats, by agreement before the conse
cration ; and the remainder from contributions.

386 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The benefice is a perpetual curacy. The nomi
nation of the incumbent is alternately in the Earl
of Lonsdale and the seat-holders. The living
was returned, in 1831, to the commissioners for
enquiring concerning ecclesiastical revenues as
ofthe average annual value of 250/. ; and is now
worth 280/. It has been augmented by William,
Earl of Lonsdale (see page 381). There are
two houses belonging to this chapel. The Earl
of Lonsdale gave 200/., and the like sum was
given by the late incumbent, the Rev. Thomas
Harrison, M.A., with which 400/. was procured
from Queen Ann's bounty.
List of Incumbents.
1715 John Dalton.*
1729 William Brisco.f
1745 Thomas Sewell.
1781 Charles Cobbe Church.*
1808 Thomas Harrison, M.A., ob. 1840
1840 Thomas Dalton.
The chapel of the Holy Trinity is built in a
similar style to that of St. Nicholas. The altar-
table is placed in a semicircular recess, and is
surmounted by a painting of the Ascension, by
Matthias Reed. The organ was built by Wren
of Manchester.
Near the tower is a marble monument to the
memory of Sir James Lowther, the fourth and
last baronet of his branch of the family, who died
without issue in 1 755, and was succeeded in his
* Rector of Distington, 1712— 1729; see monumental inscription p
388. ' *'
t Rector of Distington.
X See monumental inscription, p. 389.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 387
Whitehaven estates by Sir James Lowther, of
Lowther, Bart., afterwards first Earl of Lons
dale. It bears the following inscription : —
Sera? posteritati consecretur
memorise JACOBI LOWTHER Babonetti,
viri perantiqua majorum prosapia oriund.
naturae & fortuna? dotibus locupletati ;
qui patris pra?stantissimi vestigiis insistens,
non tam sibi quam in publicos usus largas erogavit opes.
Judicio gravi et subacto, ingenio prompto et aeuto prseditus,
summo effecit consilio, ut oppidum hoc
in quo, pauculis abhinc annis, nihil ante oculos observabantur
prater magalia et humiles piscatorum casulas,
quasi in splendidam urbem,
florentissimam commercii sedem exsurgeret,
porta tutissimo, a?dificiis ama?nis, perpulchro platearum ordine
& magna hominum frequenlia exornatum.
In senatu se incorruptum & patria; ornatissimum adhibuit ;
ecclesia? Anglicanse, libertatis legum vindex accerrimns ;
nee privati civis munia minus fideliter administravit,
omni sane laudatione dignus
propter temperantiam et prima?vam morum simplicitatem :
pietatem erga Deum, & charitatem erga pauperes et egenos,
non speciosam istam & commentitiam
qux in propatulo gaudet famam inanem aucupari,
sed veram et genuinam,
sejunctam scilicet et a publica luce semotam.
Diem obiit supremum iv nonas Januarii
Anno salutis MDCCLV et a?tatis LXXXI.
GUMELMUS VICEOOMES DE LOWTHEE,
cui luculenta ejus et magna ha?reditus obvenit,
marmor hoc poni curavit,
gratissimi animi et amoris fidissimi testimonium.
In the church-yard is a gravestone inscribed
in memory of nine persons of the name of Birk-
head, whose ages average 72 years. The family
was well-known in the town from their connec
tion with the post-office through a very long
period.

388 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
In the vestry is a mural tablet with this in
scription —
' Here lies the body of the Rev. JOHN DALTON, Rector of Dis
tington, and first minister of this chapel. A diligent, learned, and most
persuasive preacher ; for his doctrine was enforced by the irresistible
eloquence of an example conspicuous for unaffected piety and universal
charity. He was in the most trying conjunctures, an able and zealous
advocate for the constitution in Church and State ; But treated those
who had imbibed prejudice against them with much candour and meek
ness ; has convinced many of the Goodness of his Cause ; all of the
uprightness of his intentions. Devoted to the duties of his holy profession,
he was perhaps too regardless of temporal concerns, but the defect was
supplied by the prudent care and economy of a faithful and affectionate
wife, and the Blessing of that Gracious Providence in which he always
trusted, and which has never forsaken his posterity. He had five children,
Jane, John, Jonathan, Henry, and Richard. Jonathan died before
Henry, a few years after his Father. Their mother died in London
Anno Domini 1747. His surviving children visiting this place many
years after his death, had the unspeakable pleasure of finding their
father's Piety and virtue still revered by his parishioners, his example
esteemed by a worthy clergy, and his memory dear to all. To perpetuate
that, and for a testimony of their gratitude to such excellent Parents,
Jane, John, and Richard Dalton, erected this monument Anno Domini
1754. Born Anno Dom. 1674.
Died 1729.
On another : — To the memory of
DOROTHY
The wife of JAMES JACKSON, Merchant,
who was
Virtuous, Pious, Charitable,
A sincere Friend,
A tender and most loving Wife.
This monument is erected
as a testimony of his inviolable affection,
by
Her sorrowful and much afflicted Husband.
She was bora at Kirklinton, being the

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 389
Daughter of Joseph Appelby, Esq., and by her
mother descended from the antient and
honorable family of the Dacres in
Gilsland, and died universally esteemed
and lamented, July the 19th, 1740, aged
48 years.
Mr. JAMES JACKSON died July 16th,
1757, aged 72 years.
SARAH JACKSON his wife,
Died Augt. 10th, 1763, aged 61 years.
A mural tablet on the north side of the church
bears this inscription : —
To the memory of
CHARLES COBBE CHURCH,
who was 24 years minister
of this chapel, and died March the 26th, 1808,
in the 64th year of his Age.
A mural tablet on the north side of the church
bears this inscription : —Sacred
To the memory of
MARY ANN, the affectionate and beloved wife
of JOHN MOORE, who soon after delivery of
a still-born male child, died Feb. 14th, 1836,
Aged 29 years.
This monument is erected as a tribute of respect
By her bereaved husband.
A handsome mural monument of white marble
on the south side of the church bears this in
scription : — In Memory of
JOHN LITTLEDALE, Esq.,
Collector of Customs of this poit,
who departed this life, the 29th of Octr., 1834,
aged 63 years.
And of
SARAH, his wife, who died the 12th of Jan., 1825,
3 D

390 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
aged 49 years.
And of
Six of their children who died in infancy.
Another is thus inscribed : —
In
Memory of
JOHN SPEDDING, Esq.
of Armathwaite Hall,
who died Sep. 26th 1781, aged 34 years :
And of MARGARET, his wife,
who, for the happiness of their children, was spared till
June the 7th 1797, when, at the age of 49 years,
On her road from Bristol Hot Wells,
She was taken from her sorrowing Family.
Her remains are interred
at Berkley, in
Gloucestershire.
On the east wall, north of the altar-table, is a
marble monument, with a head of the deceased
in a medallion, and bearing this inscription : —
Sacred to the Memory
of
JAMES SPEDDING, Esq.,
who departed this life 22nd of August,
1788,
In the sixty-eighth year of his age.
This monument
was caused to be erected
by his affectionate widow, ELIZABETH,
who died on the 12th of August,
1821,
In the seventy-sixth year of her age.
On the south side of the altar-table is a mural
tablet, with arms, and this inscription : —
Sacred
To the memory
of

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 391
JOHN BATEMAN, Esq.,
Who departed this life
in the sixty-seventh year of his age,
A. D: 1816.
Under the tower is a mural monument of
marble, with this inscription : —
Mr. James Spedding
Erected this Monument
In memory of his virtuous parents,
Mr. CARLISLE SPEDDING, who died Aug 8th, 1755, M. 59 years,
and
Mrs. SARAH SPEDDING, who died July 10th, 1771, M. 74 years.
And also
In memory of his amiable and affectionate Wife
Mrs. MARY SPEDDING,
Second Daughter ofthe late Mr. Henry Todd, of St. Bees,
who died March 11th, 1777,
M. 56 years.
On another : — Sacred to the Memory of
JOHN PENNYFEATHER,
Who died at Whitehaven Castle, on the 4 day of April, 1840,
Aged 84 years,
Seventy of which he spent as Gardener in the service of the
First and Second Earls of Lonsdale.
In the exercise of an extensive Benevolence, Mr. Pennyfeather contri
buted liberally to the support of several charitable Institutions in this
Town, as well as to others in the County of Westmorland ; and at his
Death bequeathed various sums of money for the like laudable purpose.
The beneficence thus exemplified, and the munificent donation towards
the erection of an Organ in this Chapel, will long cause the name of the
deceased to be held in grateful remembrance.
The Chapel of St. James.
This Chapel was erected in 1752; and has
also received a grant of 800/., and an augmenta-
3 d 2

392 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
tion by William, Earl of Lonsdale, (see page 381.)
The benefice is a perpetual curacy, in the gift
of his lordship. It was returned to the commis
sioners for enquiring concerning ecclesiastical
revenues as of the average annual value of 200/.
List of Incumbents.
1752 Thomas Spedding, M.A. *
1783 Richard Armitstead, M.A.f
182UWilliam Jackson, B.D. %
1833 John Jenkins.
Under the tower is a marble mural monument,
with this inscription : —
In memory of the
Reverend THOMAS SPEDDING, A.M.,
first Minister of this Chapel,
who died April 24th, 1783, M. 61 years.
In him were most agreeably united
The tender husband,
The affectionate parent,
The faithful friend,
The worthy Pastor, and
(Reader, if thou requirest yet more)
The honest man.
He was sincerely respected through life, and
In his death, universally lamented,
But by none
More than by his numerous
Admiring Congregation.
ISABELLA, the wife ofthe
Revd. Thos. Spedding, A.M.
Died May 29th, 1787, aged 62 years.
* See monumental inscription, page 392,
t Rector of Moresby; ob. 1821.
X Now D.D. Rector of Lowther.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 393
On another : — In memory of
JOHN DIXON, Esq., who died on the 26th May, 1801, aged 71 years.
ISABELLA, his wife,
who died on the 19th of July, 1781, aged 48 years.
Six of their children
who died in their infancy.
HENRY DIXON, their son,
who died on the 27th of June, 1796, aged 27 years.
GEORGE DIXON, their son,
who died in London, on the 29th of October, 1803,
aged 29 years.
JOSEPH DIXON, their son,
Who died on the 26th Jan. 1815, aged 50 years.
FRANCES, relict of Jno. Dixon, Esq.
Who died on the 24th of July, 1837, aged 79 years.
Another is thus inscribed : —
In memory of
Reverend WILLIAM STAMPER, A.M.
Of Queen's College, Oxford,
Who died the 24th of February, 1811,
Aged 30 years.
Near the tower is a mural monument in
scribed — In memory of
The Revd. RICHARD ARMITSTEAD, A.M.,
Rector of Moresby, and upwards of
XXX years Minister of this Chapel.
He departed this Life 18th May, A.D. MDCCCXXI,
Aged LV1 years.
A mural tablet bears this inscription : —
Near this place lie the remains of
Mr. JOSEPH WOOD,
Ob. 25th September, 1827, M. 67.
With unwearied assiduity he taught Mathematics
During 48 years,
Possessed the affection and gratitude of his pupils,

394 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
And was justly esteemed by the
Inhabitants of Whitehaven and its vicinity.
Another is thus inscribed : —
Sacred
to the memory of
SAMUEL GRUNDY,
of Kirkby Lonsdale,
who died at Whitehaven,
on the 18th of December, 1834,
after a short illness,
aged 44 years.
He was not less distinguished in life for his vocal talents than
for the many kindly virtues which graced humanity.
This Memorial was erected by the voluntary subscriptions
of his Friends.
MDCCCXXXV.
On the south side of the altar-table is a mural
tablet with this inscription : —
In memory of
ANNE, the Wife of
JONATHAN BROWN, late of
Falmouth, Jamaica, who died
May 11th, 1817, aged 35 years.
WILLIAM, their Son, died
April 29th, 1817, aged 13 days.
On another : — Sacred to the memory ofj
'the Children ofthe
Rev. Thos. Spedding, M.A.,
and Isabella, his wife :
Carlisle, born 1752, died- 1755.
Isabella,  1755,  1755.
Carlisle, ¦  1757,  1784.
Thomas,  1766.  1 789.
Langton,  1761,  1789.
Frances,  1748,  1803.
Sarah, .  1750,  1818.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 395
Mary,  1759,  1819.
Jane,  1768,  1828.
Ann,  1765,  1839.
On the north side of the altar-table is a mural
marble monument bearing this inscription : —
To the memory of
THOMAS HARRISON, Esquire,
Who died on the 13th day of July, 1812,
Aged 68 years.
Also BETTY HARRISON, his Wife,
who died on the 26th day of Jany., 1787,
Aged 46 years.
On a mural tablet : —
Sacred to the Memory of
Mr. ISAAC FORSTER, late of this place,
Who died on the 22nd day of May, 1822,
In the 73rd year of his age.
Also
AGNES, his Sister,
Who died on the 29th day of February, 1824,
In the 77th year of her age.
On another : — In memory of
JOHN SARJEANT, Esq.
He was born 19th November, 1732,
And died 7th February, 1803.
SARAH SARJEANT, his Wife,
Was born September 26th, 1728,
And died Feby. 6th, 1793.
On another, in the north gallery : —
Erected
To the memory of
WILLIAM RICHARDSON, of this town
who died at Carlingford, in Ireland
On the 17th day of November, 1810,
aged 37 years.

396 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Also SARAH, his wife,
who died at the city of Carlisle,
On the 27th day of November, 1834,
Aged 56 years.
Also of HENRY, their son,
who died in his infancy.
Dissenting Chapels.
There are in Whitehaven chapels belonging to
the Church of Scotland, the Roman Catholics,
the Wesleyan Methodists, the Independents, the
United Secession, the Society of Friends, the
Baptists, the Wesleyan Association, and the Pri
mitive Methodists.* The Harbour
Is rather spacious and secure than easy of access.
It has seven stone piers, some of which are on a
magnificent scale. On these piers are three light
houses : the two principal ones have been recently
built, and are highly ornamental to the port.
" A tonnage duty has been established by two
acts of parliament, passed in the 7th and 11th
years of Queen Anne, for the purpose of improv
ing the harbour, to which many additional works
have been added during the last fifty years. The
New Quay was lengthened in 1767 ; the North
Wall was begun in 1770, and finished in 1784 ;
the new work formerly called the Bulwark, has
been entirely rebuilt on a larger plan ; the Old
* This was built as a chapel for the Church of England, by Mr. Hogarth,
and was to have been consecrated in 1789, but a caveat having been en
tered against it by the impropriator of St. Bees, it did not receive conse
cration.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 397
Quay was lengthened in 1792, and various other
improvements were effected about the year 1809 ;
so that several hundred large vessels may now
lie with safety in the harbour."
The new West Pier was commenced in 1824,
and finished in 1839 : it is a noble building of
great strength, and was erected under the super
intendence of Sir John Rennie, at a cost of up
wards of 100,000/. The magnificent round head,
on which the light-house is built, cost 30,000/.
The new North Pier is also a noble structure,
but is not yet completed.
The port of Whitehaven includes within its
jurisdiction the harbours of Workington, Mary
port, Harrington, Ravenglass, and Millom, with
all the intermediate coast, extending from mid
stream in the river Duddon, northward to Mary
port, a distance of nearly fifty miles. It also
extends seaward to 10 fathoms water. Two acts
of parliament, passed in the 7th and 11th of
Queen Anne, incorporated " twenty-one trustees
of the harbour and town of Whitehaven," with
power to levy duties for the purpose of building
quays, piers, and otherwise improving the haven
and town. Their power has since been extended
by acts of parliament passed in 1739, 1766, 1788,
1792, and 1818. Twenty of the trustees are
elected triennially ; the inhabitants who pay
harbour dues choose 14 of them by ballot, and
6 are appointed by the lord of the manor who is
always to be one. The jurisdiction of the harbour
trustees extends northward from the Old Quay
to Redness Point. By the act of 58 Geo. III.
the lord of the manor and eleven or more of the
other trustees, have power to reduce and vary
3 E

398 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
the harbour dues, which have consequently been
reduced 25 per cent.f
The spring-tides rise twenty feet, and the
neap-tides twelve feet ; yet the old harbour is dry
at low water. Inside of the New West Quay
there is nine feet at low water. The depth of the
haven below the adjoining banks is of peculiar
advantage in loading the vessels with coals from
the adjoining collieries, by means of staiths or
hurries extended over the quay.
In the year 1772 there were 197 vessels be
longing to this port; in 1790, 216 vessels; in
1810, 188 vessels, tonnage, 29,312 ; in 1822, 181
vessels, tonnage, 26,220; in 1828, 197 vessels,
tonnage, 30,960; in 1840, 217 vessels, tonnage,
36,800. The average annual quantity of coals exported
from this port, from the year 1781 to 1792, was
80,000 chaldrons; for the five years ending De
cember, 1814, the average annual amount was
about 100,000 waggon-loads, besides a very con
siderable inland consumption. In 1826 upwards
of 135,602 chaldrons were exported ; and in 1827
1 1 4,692 chaldrons. The average quantity of coals
now exported amounts annually to about
250,000 tons.
A life-boat was stationed at this port in 1803.
The custom-house was erected in 1811. Avery
considerable part of the shipping is engaged in the
coal-trade with Ireland. Several large vessels,
however, are employed in the importation of West
Indian, American, and Baltic produce. Large
quantities of. lime are shipped here for Scotland,
and iron ore, from the parishes of Arlecdon and
Cleator, for the furnaces in Wales.
t Parson and White.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 399
" Ship-building is carried on here to a consid
erable extent, and on a system that has acquired
for the artificers a high reputation. Strength is
the great desideratum in vessels employed in the
coal-trade, and the shipwrights here have the art
of giving them great solidity and firmness without
clumsiness, so that they are said not only to be
more durable, but to sail faster than vessels of
the same description from any other port in the
kingdom. Ships of 500 tons are frequently built
here, and some have been built of considerably
greater burthen." *
The CoAL-PiTs.f
The collieries of Whitehaven are supposed to
have been first wrought for foreign consumption
about the middle of the seventeenth century. J
The first steam-engine in use at Whitehaven was
erected by Sir James Lowther, early in the last
century, at the Ginns, for raising water. The
first steam-engine used for raising coals was put
up in 1787, at George-pit, in Whingill colliery ;
others were erected for the same purpose in
1793, 1794, and 1795.§ * Daniell's Voyage.
t Further particulars respecting the coal-pits — which the nature and
limits of the present volume prevent oux detailing — may be found in
Daniell's " Picturesque Voyage round Great Britain," and in Dr. Dixon's
Life of Dr. Brownrigg.
X In the year 1306 " both houses of parliament complained of the use
of coals as a nuisance, corrupting the air with its stink and smoke; and
the use thereof in London was prohibited by royal proclamation."
§ " Cumberland has the merit of the discovery of gas-lights, and it
belonged to Mr. Spedding of Whitehaven, the agent of Sir James
3 e 2

400 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
" The coal seams that lie in the bowels of the
earth, and below the bed of the sea, have been
wrought for many years with such spirit and
perseverance that a kind of subterraneous city
is formed ; and Whitehaven, with the adjacent
coast, may be said to rest upon continued ranges
of columns composed of coal. Several bands or
seams of coal shew themselves in various places
on the sloping surface, on the west side of the
vale, above and on the sea-shore near the town.
On the first attempt to work the coal near
Whitehaven, a level, or watercourse, was driven
from the bottom of the valley, near the Pow-
beck, till it intersected a seam of coal, known by
the name of Bannock Band, and drained a con
siderable field of coal, which was drawn out of
pits from 20 to 60 yards deep. After this
another level was driven westward, from near
the farm house called Thicket, across the seam
called the Main Band. This level also effectually
drained a large bed of coals, which were drawn
out of the pits by men with jack-rowls, or wind
lasses, and then carried to the ships on the backs
of galloways, in packs of 14 stones each."
" There are five workable coal seams in the
Howgill colliery, viz. the Crow Coal, which is
about 2 feet thick and 60 yards deep ; the Yard
Band, 4 feet thick and 160 yards deep; the
Bannock Band, 8 feet thick and 200 yards deep ;
Lowther, who was killed by the fulminating damp, in 1755. Mr. Sped
ding offered to supply the trustees of the harbour with whatever gas they
wanted to light the town, if they would be at the expence of conducting
it through the streets. The gas was accordingly conducted by pipes
from the pits to the open air, where [the flame was constantly seen
burning." — Monthly Magazine, May, 1817.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 401
the Main Band, 11 feet thick and 240 yards
deep ; and the bottom seam, which is 5 feet
thick and 320 yards deep. To the southward
of Howgill, these seams are thrown much nearer
the surface by Dikes, or perpendicular rents of
the solid strata, varying from two feet to several
fathoms in breadth, and filled with clay, stones,
&c. The largest of these dikes runs nearly in
the direction of east and west. The coal seams
always keep at equal distances from each other,
and dip or descend sloping nearly due west,
about one yard in ten.
" Sir James Lowther, who died in 1755, was
at considerable expense for the purpose of im
proving the manner of working his coal mines,
and despatched one of his agents, Mr. Carlisle
Spedding, to inspect some of the principal col
lieries in Northumberland, where he remained a
considerable time in the capacity of a ' hewer,'
under the assumed name of Dan. When Mr.
Spedding returned, he introduced many improve
ments in the coal mines at Whitehaven, and
invented the steel wheel and flints, by which
sparks of fire were produced to light the collier
in those parts of the mines where a burning can
dle would have ignited the carburetted hydrogen
gas, or fire damp,* by the explosion of which so
* " In the coal mines at Whitehaven, the fire-damp and choak-damp
are found in great abundance. The former may be considered of the
same nature as hydrogen gas ; though its specific gravity is greater on
account of a small quantity either of hepatic gas, or carbonic acid gas ;
which forms a part of its composition. It is, however, considerably
lighter than atmospheric air, and, in consequence, ascends to the upper
part of the mine. To prevent its accumulation, it was formerly a prac
tice with the workmen to set fire to it by the flame of a candle ; using.

402 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
many lives have been lost at different periods.
On one of these melancholy occasions Mr. Sped
ding fell a victim to the burning fluid, about the
the precaution of lying prostrate on the ground during its explosion ; but
this dangerous expedient has been long relinquished. It is inflamed the
moment when a combination is formed between it and atmospheric air ;
the difference, however, of their specific gravity renders some agitation
of the latter necessary to produce the combination. The miners are
often burnt, maimed, or killed by its sudden explosion, when in contact
with an ignited body. Such accidents, have happily become less fre
quent, and fatal, in consequence of an ingenious invention of Mr. Carlisle
Spedding. This is a steel wheel, moved by tooth and pinion, which is
turned round with great velocity, and strikes against a large piece of
flint. The sparks which are emitted by this collision are a sufficient
substitute for the light of a candle, and expose the workmen to little or
no danger.
" The fire-damp appears to have first attracted the notice of philoso
phers in 1733. Bladders filled with it were presented to the Royal So
ciety by Sir James Lowther, who had procured it from the collieries at
Whitehaven ; and so carefully had it been confined in the bladders, that
on applying the flame of a candle, it was observed to retain its inflam
mability. An artificial fire-damp was obtained in 1736, by Mr. John
Maud, from iron dissolved in oil of vitriol. Being received into bladders,
it was exhibited to the Royal Society, and on examination was dis
covered to possess the same qualities as the native fire-damp.
" The choak-damp derives its name from its power of suffocation. It
is distinguished by the properties of being equally injurious to combustion
and respiration. It extinguishes the flame of a candle, deprives animals
of life, and precipitates the lime of lime-water. Its specific gravity ex
ceeds that of atmospheric air, and it therefore occupies the bottom of the
mine. It agrees, in a great measure, with that subtile exhalation long
known to Leonardo di Capoa, and other Italian philosophers, under the
appellation of Moffette. It appears to be similar to the spiritus sylvestris
of Paracelsus, the gas sylvestre of Van Helmont, the spiritus sulphureus
aereo-a?therio-elasticus of Hoffman, the acidum centrale perpetuum in-
exhauribile of Becher ; the acidum vagum fodinarum of Boerhaave •
and the detached or elastic air of Dr. Hales. It has a near affinity also
to that permanently elastic fluid extracted by Dr. Black from magnesia

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 403
year 1755, since which several effective inven
tions have been produced for the purpose of pre
venting accidents in coal mines."
A description of the coal mines, and of the
operations carried on in those subterraneous
regions, is given in the subjoined note,* from the
limestone, chalk, and other substances, which was called by him fixed
air, from its being supposed to exist in those bodies in a fixed state ; but
long preserved the name of mephitic air ; and is now, with peculiar pro
priety, termed, according to the French nomenclature, carbonic acid
gas." — Literary Life of Dr. Brownrigg.
* " We fixed ourselves in the basket, standing with our hands grasp
ing the chain, the word was given, and down we glided with a smooth
and scarcely perceptible motion through a duct about six feet in diameter,
and wooded all round. I kept my eyes fixed on the aperture above,
which contracted as I fell, till at a vast depth I was obliged to look down
as my head grew dizzy, and small pieces of coal and drops of water struck
with unpleasant force against my face. As we descended lower all be
came darkness, noise over our heads grew gradually more indistinct,
till it died away, and a dreary silence ensued, broken only occasion
ally by the grating of the basket against the walls. At length, after
a descent of five hundred and seventy six feet, I heard the voices of men
below me, and presently perceived two dim lights. These were at the
High Eye, formerly at the bottom of the shaft, on a level with which is a
great extent of workings. I asked no questions here — " steady the bas
ket," cried our guide, and in a moment we were again in utter darkness.
In a quarter of a minute more I heard other voices below me — the basket
stopped and we soon found ourselves on our feet at the bottom of six
hundred and thirty feet from the light.
" I could here distinguish nothing but a single candle, with the obscure
form of a man by it — all around was pitch dark, not a ray of light reach
ing the bottom from the mouth of the shaft. Before we proceeded to ex
plore the mine, we were recommended to remain quiet a little in order
to collect ourselves, and while we were thus striving to be composed, my
nerves were momentarily shocked by a combination and succession of
strange noises, among which the loud clank of the chain as the empty
basket dashed to the ground, was particularly offensive. I never saw

404 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
pen of a gentleman who was an eye-witness of
what he describes; the pit he visited was the
the object, and had no notice of its approach, till its infernal crash always
came to make me jump out of myself.
" While we were conversing here on the possible accidents that might
occur in ascending or descending in the basket, we were told of a poor
woman who lately had an extraordinary escape. It was her business to
attach the chain of the basket, and while she was doing this her hand
became somehow entangled, and the man at the engine setting it in
motion before the proper time, she was pulled from the ground before
she could extricate herself, and dragged up as she hung by one arm, to
the top of the pit, with no injury but a slight laceration of her hand.
" I had not become quite reconciled to the clank when we were sum
moned to go on. From the foot of the shaft we proceeded through a
very long passage cut through rock, with the roof arched, and the
sides faced with bricks and whitewashed. All the rock passages through
out the mine are faced with bricks in a similar manner, an enormously
expensive precaution, but absolutely necessary to prevent the falling
down of loose fragments of stone. I cannot describe scientifically, or
with any degree of clearness and certainty, all the methods of proceeding
that have been adopted in laying out these vast subterranean works, and
indeed such an account is scarcely called for, as the mine no doubt very
much resembles in its general plan many others that have been often
described. In its present state as far as I could ascertain as I groped
my way through the darkness, it appeared in the meeting and crossing of
its numerous passages, to resemble the streets of a city — and of a city of
no mean extent, for we sometimes walked for nearly half a mile without
turning, between walls of coal or rock. To the right and left of the
long lanes are workings, hollow spaces, five yards wide and twenty deep,
left for the support of the roof, so that only one third of a bed of coal
is taken away. Mr. Pennant observed, that these columns appeared to
him to be stores for future fuel, but they are left standing merely from
necessity, and no material portion of them could be removed without
danger to the great superstructure which they tend to uphold.
"The coals are dragged from the workings in baskets, one at a time,
by horses, and carried to a place of general rendezvous, where by means of
a crane they are placed on to the trams, nine of which, bearing a burthen
of nearly six tons, are drawn by a single horse to the shaft. A tram is a

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 405
William pit, " the last opened, and said to be the
best planned work of its kind, and the most
square board supported by four very low wheels, and a horse drags nine
of them with their full cargo along an iron railway without any apparent
effort. " The ventilation of the mine in its remotest corners is said to be as per
fect as is necessary, though I confess that in some places I felt no little
difficulty in breathing. The air is rarefied by heat from a large fire kept
constantly burning, and the current directed to the various workings
through conduits formed by boarded partitions placed about a foot dis
tant from the walls. Doers are placed at intervals in the long passages
which stop the air in its course and force it through the conduits in the
workings to the right or left. * * * *
" The sensations excited in me as I was descending down the pit did
not readily subside, and I wandered about the mine with my mind
very much upon the alert, and under an indistinct apprehension of some
possible danger which gave intensity to my interest in every thing that I
heard and saw. A dreariness pervaded the place which struck upon the
heart — one felt as if beyond the bounds allotted to man or any living
being, and transported to some hideous region unblest by every charm
that cheers the habitable world. We traced our way through passage
after passage in the blackest darkness, sometimes rendered more awful
by a death-like silence, which was now and then broken by the banging
of some distant door, or an explosion of gunpowder, that pealed with a
loud and long report through the unseen recesses of the mine, and gave
us some idea of its vast extent. Occasionally a light appeared in the
distance before us', which did not dispel the darkness so as to discover
by whom it was bome, but advanced like a meteor through the gloom,
accompanied by a loud rumbling noise, the cause of which was not ex
plained to the eye till we were called upon to make way for a horse,
which passed by with its long line of baskets, and driven by a young
girl covered with filth. * * * *
" Our guide now led us to a passage where, in a small stream of water
that flowed through it, we heard some air bubbling up, which he knew to
be hydrogen : he applied a candle to it, when it instantly took fire,
burning with a clear blueish light, in a flame not larger than that from
a small lamp. It continued visible when we had receded to a consider.
3 F

406 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
complete in all its conveniences of any in the
kingdom."

able distance from it, and had a very beautiful appearance, shining like
a brilliant star in the daikness, and giving an effect of exceeding depth
to the gloomy avenue before us. While we were gazing at it, with the
profoundest stillness around us, we were startled by a report as loud as
a clap of thunder, proceeding from an explosion of gunpowder. On
going to the spot from whence it came, we found some men working a
passage through abed of rocks, called in the language of miners, a, fault,
a phenomenon too familiar in coal mines to require any comment from
me. This part of the mine was very remote from the shaft, and so im
perfectly ventilated, that the heat and stench in it were scarcely sup -
portable. " Not far from this place our guide regarded me with a very big and
significant look, and produced all the effect he intended on my mind,
when he informed me that I was walking under the sea, and had probably
ships sailing over my head. Considering this as the most extraordinary
situation that we had been in during our subterranean excursion, he pulled
out a bottle of spirits from his pocket and drank our healths and a safe
return to us, with all due solemnity. This rite fulfilled, we turned our
steps towards the shaft, oppressed by the heat and foulness of the air,
and anxious again to see the day. We had walked about four miles, in
various directions, but had not explored half the mine, even in its lower
part, and had a labyrinth of excavations over our heads as numerous
and extensive as those through which we had beeD rambling, and sepa
rated from them by a roof only nine fathoms thick. I was astonished to
hear that the whole of this immense work was the labour of scarcely ten
years ; that the extensive space through which we had passed, and the
whole mine that we had left unexplored, were within this short period a
solid body of coal and rock. The labour going on before our eyes ap
peared quite insignificant, and imagination could scarcely conceive the
formation by such means of this vast place, which struck one as some
strange creation by the giant hands of nature.
" We ascended to the higher works by a very steep path, which, at an
elevation of about sixty feet from the lower level, opens into the shaft.
The miners figuratively call the shaft the eye ofthe mine, and this inlet
into the upper excavations is denominated the High Eye. It was here

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 407
The new Wellington pit, which is now sinking
on the western side of the harbour, will be work
ed deeper than any other in the kingdom : it is
now sunk to a depth of seventy fathoms, and
thirty years may elapse before it is completed.
The principal workings will extend under the sea
to a distance of one mile and a half.
that our guide had given his warning of ' steady the basket,' lest it strike
against the landing in its descent. All the coals procured from under-
workings were formerly dragged up to the point by horses, but the task
was found so difficult and tedious that it was thought expedient to sink
the shaft to its present level. From the edge of the landing place at the
High Eye, I had a peep .at the day through the opening which appeared
at a dreadful height above my head, and contracted to a spot not bigger
than the palm of my hand.
'• As we were not promised the sight of any novelty in the upper
mine, we did not enter it, but returned to the lower one, from whence
we proceeded to the shaft of the James mine, through a long up-cast
passage, which, in consequence of a, late accident, exhibits one of the
most Awful spectacles that can be conceived. An unusual quantity of
coals were taken from it, and it was thought necessary, for the support
of the roof, to plant two rows of posts under it, which were composed of
the trunks of the largest oaks that could be procured. They had not
been fixed long when the roof began to sink, descending very slowly,
but with irresistible force, and bending or breaking every tree that stood
beneath it. It did not sink much more than a foot, and people now pass
fearlessly under it, in the conviction that it has permanently settled.
The passage, however, bears a very tremendous appearance, and I did
not go through it without some agitation. The broken and splintered
trees remain, and are such formidable mementos ofthe insecurity ofthe
roof, that I voluntarily quickened my pace as I looked at them, lest I
should hear the coals again cracking over my head. This part of our
expedition was rendered exceedingly disagreeable by a sulphureous
stream of water which flowed down the steep, casting forth an odour
which touched even the nose of our guide. At the top of the passage
are the stables belonging to the two mines, in which forty horses are
kept, which never see the light." — Daniell's Voyage.
3 f 2

408 allerdale ward, above derwent.
Charities.
The Marine School was founded in 1817, by
Matthew Piper, Esq., of Whitehaven, a member
of the Society of Friends, who munificently en
dowed it with 2000/. navy five per cent, annui
ties, vested in the hands of fifteen trustees, "for
the 'education of sixty poor boys resident in the
town of Whitehaven or the neighbourhood, in
reading, writing, arithmetic, gauging, navigation,
and book-keeping.' The present school-room
was erected by William, Earl of Lonsdale, in
1818, and opened in 1822. Previous to being
admitted to this seminary, every boy must be
able to read the New Testament, and be upwards
of eight years of age. None are allowed to re
main more than five years. Although this school
is intended to convey such nautical instruction
as shall qualify its pupils to act as mates and mas
ters of vessels, they are not placed under any
obligation to go to sea, as the name of the insti
tution may be supposed to imply."
On the wall is this inscription : —
MARINE SCHOOL
endowed by
MATTHEW PIPER, ESQ.,
1818.
The same benevolent gentleman left 1000/. for
the use of the soup kitchen ; and in 1825,
Joshua Dixon, Esq., M.D., late of Whitehaven,
left a legacy of 50/. for the like purpose.
The following benefactions are distributed by
the churchwardens to the poor, at the chapel of
the Holy Trinity, annually at Christmas : —
" 11 18s., the interest of 200/., left about 50

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 409
years ago, by the Rev. Thomas Sewell, for twenty
poor widows ; 51., the interest of 100/., vested in
Maryport Harbour, and bequeathed by Joseph
Glaister, Esq., in 1773; and 41. 4s., being part
of the interest of 400/., vested in government
stock four per cents, and bequeathed, in 1819,
by Mrs. Barbara Birkhead, who directed the re
mainder ofthe interest, (12/. 12s.) to be paid to
two individuals during their lives."
There are in Whitehaven a number of religious
and charitable institutions, unendowed ; — among
which may be named — the Dispensary, the House
of Recovery, a Humane Society for the recovery
of persons apparently drowned, the Ladies' Be
nevolent Society for visiting and relieving the
sick poor, the Ladies' Charity for married women
in childbed, the Blanket and Clothing Society,
the Samaritan Society, &c, besides several Day
and Sunday Schools, which are supported by
voluntary contributions. Mottington.
Rottington is a hamlet and township near the
sea-shore, thus noticed by Mr. Sandford: —
" one mile from St. Bees you have Rotington
Hall and Towne, the ancient seat of Mr. Sands,
from whence Bishop Sands was derived 
Nye there* I have gott many fine Aggots and
precious stones that wold cut glass like diamonds."
Rottington belonged anciently to a family who
took their name from the manor. It passed from
* At Fleswick, on the sea-shore, where many valuable pebbles are still
found.

410 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
them by marriage to the Sandes,* who were
originally seated at Burgh-upon-Sands, " where
they had their capital mansion-house, at a place
called to this day Sandsfield, from which they
took their surname." It passed from them by
sale (for the sum of 700/.) to the Curwens of
Workington-hall. Henry Curwen, Esq., devised
it to Henry Pelham, Esq., from whom it was
purchased, in 1762, by Sir James Lowther, Bart,
afterwards Earl of Lonsdale. It is now the pro
perty of the present Earl.
The manor of Weddicar, which formerly be
longed to the Ponsonby family, is now also the
property of the Earl of Lonsdale.
By an inquisition, post mortem, of Thomas de
Multon, of Egremont, 15th Edward II., it ap
pears that John, son of Rayner le Fleming, held
of the said Thomas, the hamlets of Rotington,
Wedacre, Beckermet, Frisington, and Arlocden,
by homage and fealty and suit of the court of
Egremont, &c.
* Sandes, or Sandys, of St. Bees. — This family was originally of
Burgh-on-Sands, being called in ancient evidences De Sabulonibus.
One of the family was knight of the shire, temp. Ric. II. They had
been settled at Rottington in St. Bees, for five descents, at the time of
the visitation in 1615. The family has been long extinct in Cumberland ;
but some of the male descendants still remain ; from William Sandys,
a younger son of this family, who went into Lancashire, descended
Archbishop Sandys, common ancestor of the late Lord Sandys of Om-
bersley, the baronets of Cambridgeshire and Kent, all extinct, Sir Edwin
Bayntun Sandys, Bart., now of Miserden Park, in Gloucestershire, and
other branches.
The arms are not described in St. George's Visitation, 1615 • it is un
certain, therefore, what coat was bome by the Cumberland family. The
several branches above-mentioned have borne three moors' heads and
three cross crosslets variously combined, with one or with two chevrons
and of various colours. — Lysons.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 411
Netfjerstssaastlrale.
Nether- Wasdale is a chapelry at the foot of
Wast-Water, and contains the whole of that ro
mantic lake.* The lord of the manor is Major-
* The Rev. W. Ford, B.A., in his Guide to the Lakes, gives the fol
lowing account of Wast-Water, and the magnificent mountain scenery
with which it is environed : — " Wast-Water is three miles and a half
long, and three quarters of a mile broad, the depth is from forty to fifty
fathoms, and it is probably owing to this, in proportion to the extent of
its surface, that it has never been known to freeze. Trout in great
quantities, and a few char, frequent its waters. The chief feeders are
Over Beck on the south of Yewbarrow, and Nether Beck on ths-norfh
of Middle Fell, issuing from tarns near the Haycocks, and running
through Bowderdale. The waters are discharged by the Irt at Raven
glass. " Being a border lake, its end lying in the low country, whilst its head
is nestled in the mountains, it appears from the foot to the greatest ad
vantage, and is under that aspect most distinguished for sublimity. The
mountains are naked to their base, their sides and summits are uniform,
shooting up into lofty points and ending in pyramidical form s. Looking
upwards, Yewbarrow forms a fine apex ; Kirkfell pushes forward its front
to the left ; and at the head of the dale, the Gable appears conspicuous.
On the right, Lingmell comes finely forward, over which the pikes of Sca
fell reign supreme. Up the side vale of Bowderdale, is the Haycock; and
the Pillar crowns the head of Mosedale. Middle Fell runs along the margin
ofthe lake; and on the opposite side are the Screes, which seem going
to decay, their foundation in the water, and their surface and soil being
gone, while immense debris and torrents of rocks and stones cover their
sides. This range of fell prevents the circumambulation of the lake.
Proceeding onwards, a retrospective view of Yewbarrow, the Gable, arid
the Pikes, seen over Over Beck Bridge, is a fine picture. From Nether
Beck Bridge the road passes over a rising ground, and from a field in
front of Crookhead, where a beautiful cottage has been built by Stans-
field Rawson, Esq., of Halifax, is one of the finest views of Wastdale
Head and Water."
" On the top of the Screes, stoodforages, avery large stone, called WiL-

412 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
General Wyndham, of Cockermouth Castle, to
whom it was bequeathed by his noble father, the
late Earl of Egremont.
Wasdale-hall,* the beautiful seat of Stansfield
Rawson, Esq., of Halifax, is situated at Crook-
head, on some cultivated land, amid this barren
district, and "derives an interest from the as
semblage of picturesque magnificence in its
vicinity." The Chapel. — The Chapel of Nether- Wasdale
was certified to the governors of Queen Ann's
bounty at 51. per annum, and was returned to
the commissioners for enquiring concerning ec
clesiastical revenues as of the average annual
value of 661. The living is a perpetual curacy,
in the gift of the incumbent ofthe mother-church
of St. Bees. The impropriation belongs to
Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P., of Ponsonby-hall ;.
the tithes having been purchased by his ancestor,
Edward Stanley, Esq., from Sir Thomas Chaloner,
to whom they had been granted on the dissolu
tion of the priory of St. Bees. The chapel is ten
miles distant from the mother-church. The
present incumbent is the Rev. J. Douglas, who
was appointed in 1827.
ffl23asHralfc=i&ealr.
The chapelry of Wasdale-Headf forms part of
son's horse, but about twenty years ago it fell down into the lake, when
a cleft was made about 100 yards long, four feet wide, and of incredible
depth." * Engraved in Fisher's Northern Tourist.
t The chapelries of Wasdale-Head, Nether- Wasdale, and Eskdale,
adjoin each other, and form a large mountainous district of about forty
square miles, very thinly populated.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 413
the manor of Eskdale, of which Major-General
Wyndham, of Cockermouth castle, is lord, Mr.
John Denton speaks of Wasdale as a waste full
of red deer,f "the inheritance of the earl of
Northumberland ; and before, the Lucy's lands,
being a parcel of their third part of the barony
of Egremont, which Thomas Lucy got with his
wife Margaret, one of the daughters and coheirs
of John Moulton, last of that name, Baron of
Egremont." This lonely district, surrounded by barren and
lofty mountains, comprises a level area of about
400 acres, "divided by stone walls into small
irregular fields, which have been cleared with
great industry and labour ; as appears from the
enormous heaps of stones, piled up from the sur
plus after completing the enclosures." In Hut
chinson's Cumberland it is stated, that " one of
the land-owners, whose name is Fletcher, derives
the family possessions here, from a course of not
less than 700 years."
This small hamlet is supposed to have been
formerly more populous : in 1792, it contained
only 47 inhabitants.
The Chapel — Was certified to the governors
of Queen Ann's bounty, of the value of 31. per
annum. In 1719, it received an augmentation
by lot of 200/. It is situated fourteen miles from
the mother church. This " unwealthy mountain
benefice" is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the
incumbent of St. Bees ; and was returned to the
commissioners for enquiring respecting ecclesias
tical revenues as of the average annual value of
t Nicolson and Bum say, here " is a large forest of deer, which ex.
tends as far as Styhead in Boredale."
3 G

414 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
49/. The present incumbent is the Rev. Joseph
Kitchen, who was appointed in 1819. The tithes
belong to Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P., of Pon
sonby-hall, having been purchased by his ancestor,
Edward Stanley, Esq., from Sir Thomas Chaloner,
to whom they had been granted on the dissolu
tion ofthe priory of St. Bees. In 1792, the in
cumbent's certain income was only about 20/. per
annum, arising from lands purchased entirely
from Queen Ann's bounty: this, however, was
increased by contributions from the inhabitants.
The dispute between the Earl of Lonsdale and
Mr. Banks, of Wasdale, respecting the right of
presentation to this living, was terminated in
1819 : the Bishop of Chester, to whose considera
tion the matter was referred, having expressed
his opinion in favour of the latter, the noble Earl
withdrew his claim.*
The Chapel is a very small humble edifice,f
* Carlisle Journal, Nov. 13, 1819.
f Mr. Wordsworth, in his " Description of the Scenery of the Lakes,"
makes the following beautiful remarks on the mountain churches and
chapels : — " The architecture of these churches and chapels, where they
have not been recently rebuilt or modernised, is of a style not less ap
propriate and admirable than that of the dwelling-houses and other
structures. How sacred the spirit by which our forefathers were directed !
The religio loci is no where violated by these unstinted, yet unpretend
ing, works of human hands. They exhibit generally a well-proportioned
oblong, with a suitable porch, in some instances a steeple tower, and in
others nothing more than a small belfry, in which one or two bells hang
visibly. But these objects, though pleasing in their forms, must neces
sarily, more than others in rural scenery, derive their interest from the
sentiments of piety and reverence for the modest virtues and simple
manners of humble life with which they may be contemplated. A man
must be very insensible who would not be touched with pleasure at the
sight of the chapel of Buttermere, so strikingly expressing, by its dimi-

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 415
(near the half-dozen houses composing the ham
let,) containing eight pews, and unprovided with
a burial-ground: the dead are buried at the
chapel of Nether- Wasdale. iStmetftali.
Ennerdale is a chapelry under St. Bees, in
cluding the townships of Ennerdale, Ennerdale-
High-End, and Kinneyside. Although it has by
some been considered as a separate parish or
parochial chapelry, yet its dependency under St.
Bees was established by a verdict given at Carlisle^
in 1690, and it was returned as such under the
population act. The interest of 24/. is distributed
yearly to the poor ofthe chapelry ; but the donor
is unknown. Mr. John Denton says, the Irish named it
Lough Eanheth (lacus volucrum), from the fowls
that bred there in the islands ; the river they cal
led Eanheth ; and the dale, Eaner, or Ar-ean : the
Saxons, retaining the Irish name, called the valley
Enerdale. In the register of St. Bees it is called
Avenderdala.
nutive size, how small must be the congregation there assembled, as it
were, like one family ; and proclaiming at the same time to the passenger,
in connection with the surrounding mountains, the depth of that seclu
sion in which the people live, that has rendered necessary the building
of a separate place of worship for so few. A patriot, calling to mind the
images of the stately fabrics of Canterbury, York, or Westminster, will
find a heart-felt satisfaction in presence of this lowly pile, as a monu
ment of the wise institutions of our country, and as evidence of the all-
pervading and paternal care of that venerable Establishment, of which
it is, perhaps, the humblest daughter. The edifice is scarcely larger
than many of the single stones or fragments of rock which are scattered
near it."
3 g 2

416 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Ennerdale was formerly a forest ; Mr. Sand
ford, in his M.S., mentions more than once " the
bow-bearer of Enerdale forrest," and speaks of
" The montaines and fforest of Innerdale, wher
ther is reed dear, and as great Hartts and Staggs
as in any part of England. . . . The bowbearer is
a brave gentleman. I have been at his house in
the lower end of Enerdale." The deer-park is
now called the Side.
" At Low-Mere beck, in the township of Kin
neyside, a lead mine was opened in the year
1791. It was first discovered in the apertures
of the shaken rocks, and at first working had a
very promising appearance, the metal being good,
and the situation convenient ; but by the negli
gence or unskilfulness of the workmen, the vein
was lost, and the undertaking given up after a
short trial." The lead mines are now leased by
a company of the lord of the manor.
The Manor. — Ranulph de Meschines, son of
Wilham, gave this manor, or rather a portion of
it, to the priory of St. Bees. The remainder
passed in the division of the barony of Egremont
to the Harringtons, of Harrington, (see page 7),
and, having passed by successive heiresses to the
Bonvilles and Greys, was forfeited to the crown,
in 1554, by the attainder of Henry, third
Marquess of Dorset, and Duke of Suffolk, K.G.
The whole of the manor is now vested in the
Earl of Lonsdale.
Castle-How. — Castle-How, Caswell-How, or
How Hall, an ancient mansion on the banks of
Ennerdale-lake, was a seat of the Patricksons.
" The representative of this ancient family, whose
property in this county has been long since ali-

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 417
enated, is William Patrickson, Esq., of Crosby-
on-Eden, as descended from William, eldest son
of Hugh Patrickson, Esq., of Stanwix, who died
in 1711."
A pedigree of this family, brought down to the
present period, is not now to be recovered, in
consequence of the accidental destruction of the
register of the parish of Stanwix, where the
family subsequently resided. We are enabled,
however, to give several generations, copied from
the visitation of the county of Cumberland,
A.D. 1665, in the Herald's College, London.
The manor, which includes the lake, was sold
by the Patricksons in the seventeenth century ;
in 1816, it was the property of Henry Birley,
Esq., of Whitehaven ; it now belongs to John
Dickinson, Esq., of Red-How. The mansion,
now occupied as a farm-house, is seated near the
foot of the lake. It was rebuilt by Joseph Sen-
house, Esq., of Calder Abbey, who received it
in marriage with the daughter and heiress of
John Tiffin, Esq. Mr. Senhouse preserved many
of the antiquities of the old mansion, including
part of the private chapel.
Patrickson of Caswell-How.
Arms: — Or, a fess between three greyhounds current,
sable, with a crescent for difference.
Crest: — On a mount vert, a stag current, proper, hoofed
and attired, or.
William Patrickson, of Caswell-How, Esq., married
Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Wyet, knight, (one of the
most honorable privy council to Henry VIII. who was
attainted in Queen Mary's reign for the rebellion in Norfolk,)
and widow of Thomas Lee, of Calder-Abbey, Esq. She
lies buried in the church of Ponsonby, where there is an
inscription to her memory, (see page 291).

418 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Henry Patrickson of Caswell-How, Esq., son and heir,
married Bridget, daughter of .... Lee, and sister of Sir
Henry Lee, of Calder Abbey, knight.
Thomas Patrickson, of Caswell-How, Esq., son and heir,
married Jane, daughter of Lancelot Fletcher, of Tallentire,
and widow of Francis Richmund, of High-head castle, co.
Cumberland, by whom he had issue,
Joseph. John, who married Bridget, eldest daughter of Sir
Eichard Fletcher, of Hutton, knight, by his second
wife, Barbara, daughter of Ilenry Crackenthorpe, of
Newbiggin, co. Westmorland, Esq. Mr. Patrickson,
on his marriage with Sir Bichard's daughter, became
possessed of Calder Abbey. He had issue,
Barbara, who married John Aglionby, Esq. recorder
of Carlisle, and had issue,
John Aglionby, of Nunnery, Esq.
Bridget, married to George Watson, Esq., of
Goswick Castle, co. Durham.
Bridget, wife ofthe loyal Sir Timothy Fetherstonhaugh,
of the college, Kirkoswald, knight, who was taken
prisoner with James Stanley, seventh Earl of Derby,
and beheaded for his loyalty, at Chester, 1st October,
1651, (see Leath Ward, pp. 291, 472.)
Dorothy, wife of Lancelot Lowther, a younger brother
ofthe Lowthers of Ingleton, co. York.
He died in or about the year 1614, and was succeeded by
his eldest son,
Joseph Patrickson, of Caswell-How, Esq., son and heir,
was aged 56 years, in 1665, at the time of Dugdale's visita
tion of the county of Cumberland.* He married Catherine,
daughter and coheiress of Thomas Salkeld, of Brayton, co.
Cumberland, Esq. by whom he had issue,
Thomas, " son and heir, aged 23 years, 3 April, 1665,"
at the time of the said visitation.
George.Joseph.Jane, married to Charles Hudson, of Bootherbeck, co.
Cumberland.
* In the list of the contributors for the support of the garrison of Car
lisle, during the Great Rebellion, appears the name of " Mr. Patrickson
of Paiswellhow." See Tullie's " Narrative of the Siege of Carlisle, is
1644 and 1645."

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 419
Isabel. Catherine.Bridget.
Patrickson of Stockhow.
Arms: — Or, a fess between three greyhounds current,
sable. Crest : — On a mount vert, a stag current, proper, hoofed
and attired, or.
Anthony Patrickson, of Stockhow, co. Cumberland, gentle
man, was succeeded by his son and heir,
Anthony Patrickson, of Stockhow, gentleman, who died
in or about the year 1624. He married .... daughter of
George Fletcher, of Tallantire, co. Cumberland, by whom
he had issue,
Henry, of Frisington and Loweswater.
William.
Anthony, \ So]dsmiths in London.
William Patrickson, of Stockhow, gentleman, son and
heir, died in December, 1 645. He married Frances, daugh
ter of Thomas Salkeld, of Brayton, Esq., by whom he had
issue, Thomas.
John, a captain, in the service of Charles I., who was
slain at Scarborough, in 1644.
Richard. Anthony, died unmarried.
Jane.Clare, wife of John Potter, of Whitehaven.
Barbara, wife of John Patrickson.
Helen, wife of Robert Grendall.
Isabel, wife of Nicholas Taylor.
Thomas Patrickson, of Stockhow, gentleman, eldest son
and heir, was a major in a_ regiment of foot, under the com
mand of Sir Patricius Curwen, Bart, " in his now majesty's
service, aged 47 years, 3rd April, 1665." He married
Frances, daughter of Thomas Benson, of Skategill, co.
Cumberland, by whom he had issue,

420 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Thomas, "aged 17 years, 3rd April, 1665," at the time
of Dugdale's visitation.
William.Anthony.
Frances. Bridget.
The Chapel. — The chapel is distant about six
miles from the parish-church of St. Bees. It was
certified to the governors of Queen Ann's bounty
at 41. 13s. 4d. ; which was paid by the impropri
ator; and was returned, in 1831, to the commis
sioners for enquiring respecting ecclesiastical
revenues, as of the average annual value of 84/.
It is a small edifice, and was repewed in 1786 at
the cost of 40/., which had been levied as a fine
on the overseer for refusing to relieve a poor
woman who died for want upon the fell, in con
sequence of his inhumanity. The thorn hedge,
which enclosed the burial ground, was removed
in 1825, and a stone wall built on its site.*
The living is a perpetual curacy, in the patron
age of Henry Curwen, Esq., of Workington-hall.
The Rev. John Campbell Shaw, is the present
incumbent. Eskdalef is a chapelry and joint-township
with Wasdale-Head. The road from White
haven to Kendal leads through this part of the
parish, up the romantic vale of the Esk. This
is a very mountainous district. Scafell Pike is
* Parson and White.
t This is usually pronounced Eshdale ; it is a curious coincidence that
in the Valor Ecclesiasticus of Henry VIII. the place is spelled Esshdale.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 421
the highest eminence in England ;* until the
last century several red-deer bounded along its
rocky sides, one of which was chased into Wast-
Water and drowned, " within the memory of
persons now living" [1792]. In the year 1813,
there were thirteen births in this chapelry, and
only one burial.
The manors of Eskdale and Miterdale belong
to Major-General Wyndham, of Cockermouth
castle, as parcel of his barony of Egremont,
Austhwaite and Birker, which are in the parish
of Millom, although generally included in the
accounts of this chapelry, have been already
described in a previous part of this volume (page
178.) " On a stone near Buck-Crag, are the impres
sions of the foot of a man, a boy, and a dog,
without any marks of tooling, or instrument ; and
much more wonderful than the heifer's foot in
Borrowdale, shewn by the guides on the lake, to
the amazed traveller. Doe-Crag and Earn-Crag
* "The South Pike," says the Rev. W. Ford, "which is 3092 feet
in height, is most accessible from Wastdale or Eskdale. This aspiring
pinnacle presents a more sublime and not less elegantly-varied range of
mountains, dales, and sea views, than either Helvellyn or Skiddaw ; a
considerable part of the Lancashire, Cumberland, and Scotch coasts,
with the Isle of Man and Snowdon in Wales being visible. The Pike
which is 3160 feet in height on the north peak of the fell, commands a
view of Windermere and Derwent lakes ; and, upon the whole, presents
a more complete panorama than the other point. These, though only
1200 yards in a direct distance, are separated by a chasm called the
Mickle Door, costing a distance of two miles' severe travelling to overcome .
Very little or rather no vegetation is to be seen on this fell ; rocks, and
large blocks of stone piled one upon another, are the principal features,
and the geographicus lychnicus appears in peculiar beauty."
3 H

422 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
are remarkable precipices, whose fronts are po
lished as marble, the one 160 perpendicular yards
in height, the other 120 yards."
"The lands within Eskdale and Miterdale
manors, save only two tenements, have lately
been enfranchised, and are now discharged of
fines, heriots, and customary services, except the
payments of door-toll, and greenhew, doing suit
and service at the leet and court baron, and
riding Ravenglass fair on St. James's day, the 5th
of August, when the tenants of the manor are
bound to join in the procession. The two cus
tomary tenants hold under arbitrary fines, set at
the will of the lord, and payable on the death of
lord and tenant, or upon alienation, they render
a heriot, and pay a customary rent ; the special
services, due by custom, we are not informed of."
Edward Stanley, Esq., High-sheriff of the
county, temp. William III., who gave 100/. to the
chapel, gave also 40/. to the poor of this chapelry ;
and there was then a poor-stock of 13/. In 1792
the poor-stock amounted to 97/. 10s. " The
interest of 137/. has been left by several donors,
for the education of the poor of Eskdale ; as also
has the interest of 400/. which is divided among
the indigent inhabitants of the chapelry on the
Sunday after Easter."
A fair is holden here on the north side of the
chapel-yard, on the 5th of December, O. S. being
the feast of St. Catherine, virgin and martyr,*
to whom the chapel is dedicated.
The Chapel. — The chapel was certified in
* There were no less than six of the name of Catherine, or Katherine,
who obtained canonization : the festival of St. Catherine, virgin and
martyr, occurs November 25th.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 423
1717 at 9/. per annum, of which sum 51. arose
from the interest of 100/. given by Edward
Stanley, Esq., high sheriff of the county, temp.
William III. There is a small glebe belonging
to it, and the benefice has been augmented by
Queen Ann's bounty. The living is a perpetual
curacy, " to which the inhabitants anciently pre
sented," but the patronage, which has been some
time in the Stanley family, is now held by
Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P., of Ponsonby-hall.
In 1792, this benefice was worth about 30/. per
annum. In 1831, it was certified to the com
missioners for enquiring concerning ecclesiastical
revenues ofthe average annual value of 661., with
a glebe-house fit for residence. The great tithes
belong to Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P., of Pon
sonby-hall, whose ancestor purchased them, in
1577, from Sir Thomas Chaloner, to whom they
were granted on the dissolution of the priory of
St. Bees.
" There is a tradition that the chapel bell hung
in an oak tree, on an eminence on the north side
of the chapel ; and this notion is supported by
the name of Bell-hill ; as there is no other evi
dence, we are rather inclined to believe that this
hill was the place of the Bel-teing, from the many
remnants of antiquity, which we have before
noted." List of Incumbents.
1716 Thomas Parker,* ob. 1769.
* Educated at the college of Glasgow; for twentyyears before his
death he was totally blind, yet during that time he preached, and per
formed every ministerial duty, except reading the lessons and psalms,
which his son read for him.
3 h 2

424 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
1770 Aaron Marshall, ob. 1814.
1814 Robert Powley.
The , chapel of Eskdale is dedicated to St.
Catherine, virgin and martyr,* and is fourteen
miles distant from the mother-church. Some of
the windows contain stained glass, among which
is conspicuous the figure of the patron saint and
her wheel. There are two bells ; the larger is
said to have two dates, 1287 and 1687. A well
near the chapel still retains the name of St.
Catherine's Well. i&sttgtngtjaim
Hensingham is a large village and chapelry,
about one mile south-east from Whitehaven. It
contains many good houses and detached man
sions, and being situated on the summit of a hill
it commands a fine view of the town and har
bour of Whitehaven. Within the township are
the following gentlemen's seats : — Hensingham
Hall, the residence of Henry Jefferson, Esq. ;
Linethwaite, a mansion undergoing a very ex
tensive repair, the residence of George Harrison,
Esq. ; Ingwell, the seat of Mrs. Gunson ; Sum-
mergrove, the seat of Major Spedding ; Chapel
House, the residence of John Steward, Esq. ;
and the villas of Thomas Millward, Esq., William
F. Nicholson, Esq., &c.
At Overend are some extensive lime quarries,
the property of the Earl of Lonsdale. In the
village is a linen thread and check manufactory.
* See page 422.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 425
The parochial school is chiefly supported by
subscription. This village had the honor of being the birth
place (A.D. 1519) of Edmund Grindal, Arch
bishop of Canterbury, the founder of the Free
Grammar School of St. Bees.*
The Manor. — At the time of the Conquest
this manor was held by Gillesby, Gilby, or Gills-
bueth, whose sons, Roger and William* granted
to the abbot of St. Mary's, at York, two bovates
in Hensingham, and the land of Snarthever.
" The tenants were also given to the said abbey."
Alan, son of Ketel, at the instance of Christian,
his wife, gave millstones to the abbot of Holme-
Cultram out of his lands at Hensingham.
A moiety of this manor was held of Adam de
Moresby, by the Branthwaite family, in the reign
of Edward I. From them it descended to the
Whitrigs, lords of Little Bampton, and passed
from them to the Skeltons of Branthwaite, by
marriage of a coheiress of Thomas Whitrig. In
the reign of Henry VI., " it was holden of the
abbot of St. Maries, at York, per quartam partem
feodi militis, by the Skeltons." From the Skel
tons it passed, by sale, to the Salkelds of Brayton,
"whose coheiresses sold it to Sir Wilfrid Lawson,
before the year 1688."+ About the year 1748,
the manor was purchased by Anthony Benn, Esq.
There was a dispute concerning the manor be
tween the Lowther family and the Benns, which
was determined by the purchase of Mr. Benn's
part, by James, first Earl of Lonsdale. It is
now the property of the present Earl.
* See memoir of Archbishop Grindal, page 427.
t T. Denton. — Lysons.

426 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
The Chapel. — This chapel, licensed in the
year 1791, was built at the expence of Anthony
Benn, Esq., and others of the inhabitants. It was
purchased of his executors, by William, Earl of
Lonsdale. Whilst the chapel was in the posses
sion of Mr. Benn, it was only a licensed place of
worship ; but after being purchased by the Earl
of Lonsdale, it was consecrated, and endowed by
his lordship with an estate, called Keekle Bank,
valued at about 100/. per annum. The estate,
however, has seldom produced that sum, but the
noble Earl collects the rents, and pays to the
incumbent the full 100/. annually. The benefice
is a perpetual curacy, in the gift of the lord of the
manor, the Earl of Lonsdale, and was returned to
the commissioners for enquiring concerning
ecclesiastical revenues as of the average annual
value of 126/. with a glebe-house fit for residence.
The chapel is dedicated to St. John. The
resident-curate is the Rev. Amos Hall, M.A.
Previous to the year 1811 there was no stated
minister, and no registers were kept. The
chapel contains 618 sittings, 182 of which num
ber are free.
There is but one monumental inscription in
the chapel, to the memory of the Rev. Charles
Church, which bears this inscription : —
To the memory of
the Rev. CHARLES CHURCH, A.M.
formerly minister of this chapel,
and afterwards
chaplain to the Hon. the East India Compy.
on the Madras establishment ;
who died on his passage home,
April XV, MDCCCXXII
AgedXXXVII.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 427
List of Incumbents.
1811 Charles Church, M.A.
1817 George D. Whitehead, M.A.
1832 Robert Whitehead, M.A.
Memoir of Archbishop Grindal.
This benevolent and pious prelate — whose name cannot
be mentioned without veneration, and whose memory is
intimately connected with this part of the county, as the
founder of the Free Grammar School of St. Bees* — was born
at Hensingham, A. D. 1519.
"After a suitable foundation of school-learning, he was sent
to Magdalen College in Cambridge, but removed from thence
to Christ's, and afterwards to Pembroke Hall; where, hav
ing taken his first degree in Arts, he was chosen fellow in 1538,
and commenced M.A. in 1541. In 1549, he became president
of his college ; and being now B.D. was unanimously chosen
Lady Margaret's public preacher at Cambridge ; as he was
also one of the four disputants in a theological extraordinary
act, performed that year for the entertainment of King Ed
ward's visitors.
" Thus distinguished in the university, his merit was ob
served by Ridley, Bishop of London, who made him his
chaplain in 1550 ; perhaps, by the recommendation of Bucer,
the king's professor of divinity at Cambridge ; who, soon
after his removal to London, in a letter to that prelate, stiles
our divine, " a person eminent for his learning and piety."
And thus a door being opened to him into church prefer
ments, he rose by quick advances. His patron, the bishop,
was so much pleased with him, that he designed for him the
first preferments that should fall ; and in 1551 , procured him
to be made chaplain to the king. July 2nd, 1552, he obtained
a stall in Westminster Abbey ; which however he resigned
to Dr. Bonner, whom he afterwards succeeded in the bishop-
rick of London. In the mean time, there being a design,
on the death of Dr. Tunstall, to divide the rich see of Durham
into two ; Grindall, as being a northern man, was nominated
into one of them. " But a great topping courtier," says
Strype, "put an end to this pious purpose of supplying those
* See an account of this school, pp. 354 to 359.

428 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
parts, where ignorance and superstition most prevailed, with
two bishops, for, by his sway, he got the whole bishoprick
dissolved, and settled as a temporal estate upon himself."
" In 1553, he fled from the persecution under Queen Mary,
and was one of the exiles for religion in Germany; where he
diligently collected materials for a martyrology, and greatly
assisted John Fox in compiling his laborious work. Settling
at Strasburgh, he there made himself master of the German
tongue, that he might preach in German churches. In the
disputes at Frankfort, about a new model of government
and form of worship, varying from the last liturgy of King
Edward, he sided with Cox and others against Knox and his
followers. Returning to England, on the accession of Queen
Elizabeth, he was employed, among others, in drawing up
thenewliturgy,to be presented to the queen's first parliament;
and was also one of the eight protestant divines, chosen
about that time to hold a public dispute with the popish
prelates. His talent for preaching was likewise very service
able : and he was generally appointed to that duty upon all
public occasions. At the same time he was appointed one
of the commissioners in the north, on the royal visitation for
restoring the supremacy of the crown, and the Protestant
faith and worship. This visitation also extended to Cam
bridge, where, Dr. Young being removed for refusing the
oath of supremacy, from the mastership of Pembroke Hall,
Grindall was chosen by the fellows to succeed him, in 1559.
" In the month of July, the same year, he was nominated to
the bishoprick of London, vacant by the deposition of Bon
ner. The juncture was critical, and the fate of the church
revenues seemed to depend on the event. An act of parlia
ment had lately passed, whereby her.majesty was empower
ed to exchange the ancient episcopal manors and lordships
for tithes and impropriations : a measure extremely regretted
by these first bishops, who scrupled whether they should
comply in a point so injurious to their respective sees ; and
by which all hope would be cut off of restoring the tithes, so
long unjustly detained from the respective churches, for the
maintenance of the incumbents. In this important point, as
well as about some scruples respecting certain habits and
ceremonies, our bishop, who (tinctured, perhaps, a little with
some of that puritanic spirit, "fished," as Bishop Hall ex
presses it, " out of the Lake of Geneva," with which most of
the reformed in his day were more or less infected) seemed
to think, that in order completely to free the church of
Christ from the errors and corruptions of Rome, every usage

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 429
and custom practised by that church should be abolished ;
that all the ceremonies and circumstances of religious wor
ship should be entirely abrogated, and the service of God
rendered as simple as possible ; and thereon he consulted
Peter Martyr; and would not accept of the bishoprick, till
he had received his sanction and authority. In 1560, he was
made one of the ecclesiastical commissioners, in pursuance
of an act of parliament, to inspect the manners of the clergy,
and regulate the affairs of the church ; and the same year,
he joined with Cox, Bishop of Ely, aud Parker, Archbishop
of Canterbury, in a private letter to the queen, persuading
her to marry. In 1561, he held his primary visitation. In
1563, he assisted the Archbishop of Canterbury, together
with some civilians, in preparing a book of statutes for Christ
church, Oxford. He was also very serviceable, this year,
in procuring the English merchants, who were ill used at
Antwerp and other parts ofthe Spanish Netherlands, a new
settlement at Embden in East Friesland.
"April 15th, 1564, he took tbe degree of D.D., at Cam
bridge ; aud the same year, executed the queen's express
command, for exacting uniformity in the clergy ; but he
proceeded so tenderly and slowly, that the archbishop
thought fit to excite and quicken him : whence the Puritans
thought him inclined to their party. However, he brought
several Nonconformists to comply ; to which end he pub
lished a letter of Henry Bullinger, minister of Zurick in
Switzerland, to prove the lawfulness thereof; which had a
very good effect. The same year, October 3rd, on the
celebration of the Emperor Ferdinand's funeral, he preached
a sermon at St. Paul's, which was afterwards printed. In
1567, he executed the queen's orders, in proceeding against
the unlicensed, prohibited preachers; but was by some so
treated with rude language and reproaches, that it abated
much of his favourable inclinations towards them. May the
1st, 1570, he was translated to the see of York. He owed
this promotion to Secretary Cecil, and Archbishop Parker ;
who liked his removal from London, as not being resolute
enough for the government there. The same year, he wrote
a letter to his patron, Cecil, that Cartwright, the famous
Nonconformist, might be silenced ; and in 1571, at his me-
tropolitical visitation, he shewed an hearty zeal, by his in
junctions, for the discipline and good government of the
church. In 1572, he petitioned the queen to renew the
ecclesiastical commission. In 1574, he held one for the
purpose of proceeding against papists, whose number daily
3 i

430 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
diminished in his diocese, which he was particularly careful
to furnish with learned preachers, as being, in his opinion,
the best method to attain that end. On the death of Parker,
he was translated to Canterbury ; in which see he was con
firmed, Feb. 15th, 1575. May 6th, 1576, he began his
metropolitical visitation, and took measures for the better
regulation of his courts ; but, the same year, fell under her
majesty's displeasure, by reason of the favour he shewed to
what was called "the exercise of prophesying."
" Grindal laboured to redress these irregularities by setting
down rules and orders for the management of these exer
cises : however, the queen still disapproved of them, as
seeing probably how very apt they were to be abused. She
did not like, that the laity should neglect their secular affairs,
by repairing to those meetings, which she thought might
fill their heads with notions, and occasion dissensions and
disputes, and perhaps seditions, in the state. And the arch
bishop being at court, she particularly declared herself offend
ed at the number of preachers, as well as the exercises, and
ordered him to redress both ; urging, that it was good for the
church to have few preachers, — that three or four might
suffice for a county, and that the reading of the homilies to
the people was sufficient. She therefore required him to
abridge the number of preachers, and put down the religious
exercises. This did not a little afflict him ; he thought the
queen infringed upon his office ; to whom, next to herself,
the highest trust of the church of England was committed ;
especially as this command was peremptory, and made with
out advising with him, and that in a matter so directly con
cerning religion. He therefore wrote a letter to her majesty,
declaring that his conscience, for the reason therein men
tioned, would not suffer him to comply with her commands.
"This refusal was dated Dec. 20th, 1576. The queen,
therefore, having given him sufficient time to consider well
his resolution, and he continuing unalterable therein, she
sent letters next year to the bishops, to forbid all exercises
and prophesyings, and to silence all teachers and preachers
not lawfully called, of whom there was no small number.
The case was a trying one ; that some disagreeable and mis
chievous consequences resulted from these prophesyings,
has already been remarked ; and that, possibly, the arch
bishop was mild to an excess, and even blamably indulgent
to these beginnings of those popular innovations, which soon
after overturned all order in the church, and the church
itself, is as much as the utmost rigour could possibly charge

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 431
him with ; whilst it must be acknowledged, that he gave
very strong, if not sufficient reasons, for a continuance of
the practice; and remonstrated to his sovereign, with be
coming deference and modesty, though at the same time,
with a firmness suitable to the high character with which he
was invested. The queen was inflexible, not to say in
tolerant; and so, our prelate still refusing to comply, was
with an high hand, ordered to be confined to his house, and
sequestered from his jurisdiction for six months. At the
expiration of this term, the lord treasurer wrote to him
about making his submission; with which as he still refused
to comply, the sequestration was continued ; and ere long,
there were thoughts of depriving him; which, however, did
not take place. In 1579, his confinement was either taken
off, or else he had leave to retire to his house at Croydon ;
for we find him there consecrating the Bishop of Exeter that
year, and the Bishops of Winchester, Lichfield, and Coven
try, the year following. This part of his commission was
exercised by a particular commission from the queen ; who,
in council, appointed two civilians to manage the other
affairs of his see, the two of his nomination being set aside.
Yet sometimes be had special commands from the queen
and council to act in person, and issued out orders in his
own name ; and in general was as active as he could be, and
vigilant in the care of his diocese, as occasion offered. The
precise time of his being restored does not appear ; but, it
is in evidence, that the severity used towards him was far
from bringing him over. The farthest advances he made,
were only such a submission as became a dutiful subject to
his sovereign. In 1582, several of his proceedings shew
that he was then in full possession of all his metropolitical
power; and in that year he lost his eye-sight. In 1583,
finding himself under great infirmities by the loss of his
sight, and also by the stone, strangury, and colic, he resign
ed his archbishopric ; retiring, on a small but honourable
pension, to Croydon, where, two months after, viz. July 6th,
1583, he died, aged 63."
In his will he ordered his body to be buried "in the
choir ofthe parish church of Croydon, without any solemn
herse or funeral pomp." The register of the church con
tains the following entry : —
Edmunde Grindall, L. Archbishop of Canterburie, de
ceased the vj day of Julye, and was buried the fyrste day of
Auguste, annodni 1583, and anno regni Elizabethee, 25.
A noble monument on the south side of the altar in the
3 i 2

432 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
above church commemorates the good archbishop. On a
sarcophagus within an arched recess, the entablature of
which is supported by Corinthian columns, lie the painted
effigies of a churchman in his scarlet robes. Surmounting
the entablature are three shields of arms, viz. centre shield,
the arms of the see of Canterbury impaling quarterly or and
az., a cross quartered erm. and or, between four pea-hens
collared and countercharged ; dexter shield, the arms of
the see of York; sinister shield, the arms of the see of
London, both impaling the same. Beneath his effigies are
these verses: —
Grindall' doctus, prudens, gravitate verendus,
Justus, munificus, sub cruce fortis erat.
Post crucis aerumnas Christi gregis Anglia fecit
Signiferum, Christus ccelica regna dedit.
In memoria seterna erit Justus. — Ps.iL. cxii.
At the top of the monument —
Beati mortui qui in Dno moriuntur :
Requiescunt enim a laboribus suis.
Et opera illorum sequuntur illos.
Apoc. 14.
Under the above are the two following verses in juxta
position — Prtesulis eximii ter postquam est auctus honore,
Pervigiliq greges rexit moderamine sacros :
Confectum senio durisq laboribus, ecce
Transtulit in placidam Mors exoptata quietem.
Mortua marmoreo conduntur membra sepulchro
Sed mens sancta viget, Fama perennis erit,
Nam studia et Muss, quas magnis censibus auxit,
Grindali nomen tempus in omne ferent.
And immediately above the effigies is this inscription : —
Edmund* Grindall' Cumbriensis, TheoF D', Eruditione, Prudentia,
et Gravitate clams ; Constantia, Justitia, et Pietate insignis, civibus et
peregrinis charus ; ab exilio (quod Evangelii causa subiit) reversus ad
summum dignitatis fastigium (quasi decursu honorum) sub R. Eliza
beths evectus, Ecclesiam Londinen. primum, deinde Eborac. demu.

PARISH OF ST. BEES. 433
Cantuarien. rexit. Et cum jam hie nihil restaret quo altius ascenderet,
e corporis vinculis liber ac beatus ad ccelum evolavit 6° Julii an. Dni
1583. jEtatis sua; 63. Hie prseter multa pietatis officia quae vivus
preestitit, moribundus maxima, bonorum suorum partem piis usibus
consecravit. In Paraecia Divas Beghse (ubi natus est) Scholam Gram-
matic. splendide extrui et opimo censu ditari curavit. Magdalenensi
coetui Cantabr. (in quo puer primum Academise ubera suxit) discipulum
adjecit, Collegio Christi (ubi adultus liris. incubuit) gratum Mnemosunon
leliquit; Aula? Pembrochinffi (cujus olim Socius, postea Praefectus,
extitit) .lErarium & Bibliothecam auxit, Grsecoq. Prselectori, uni Socio,
ac duobus Discipulis, ampla stipendia assignavit. Collegium Regin®
Oxon. (in quod Cumbrienses potissimum cooptantur) nummis, libris et
magnis proventibus locupletavit. Civitati Cantuar. (cui moriens prfe-
fuit)centu. libras, in hoc, ut pauperes honestis artificiis exercerentur,
perpetuo servandas, atq. impendendas dedit. Residuum bonoru. Pietatis
operibus dicavit. Sic vivens moriensq. Ecclise, Patriae et bonis literis
profuit. " Archbishop Grindal lived and died unmarried. His only
brother, whose name was Robert, with his wife and only
son, all three died in the space of three weeks, in 1567,
leaving behind him four orphan daughters. Of these, Anne,
contrary to the wish of her uncle, married " William Dacre,
son of Richard Dacre, gent, who dwelt beside Carlisle :"
this person is supposed to have been of the Gilsland family,
and to have been nearly connected with Leonard Dacre,
who was attainted for high treason, and banished for being
concerned in the affair of Mary, Queen of Scots. The arch
bishop had likewise several nieces by his sister, Elizabeth
Woodhall. He does not seem to have amassed much wealth;
which is more admirable, considering the large revenues he
possessed, and the length of time he enjoyed them in the
three sees of London, York, and Canterbury, and all the time
free from the incumbrance of a family. This, as Fuller ob
serves, may perhaps be erroneously imputed to his being an
expensive man ; but it is more truly to be ascribed to his
indifference about worldly interests, and his being unwilling
to die guilty of much wealth. The little he had was well
got, and well disposed of, in benefactions to the two univer
sities, and in founding the school at St. Bees.
" Strype, who wrote his life, in order to vindicate him from
the calumnies to which the troubles in which he was involved
exposed him, says, that he was much celebrated among his

434 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
cotemporaries, who best knew him, for his great learning*
and piety. From the effigy on his monument, in which his
blindness is certainly described, Strype infers that his face
was comely, and his beard long, black, and somewhat forked,
and curling.f He was a man of great firmness and resolution,
though of a mild, affable temper, and friendly disposition.
His deportment was courteous and engaging; in his elation,
not at all affecting grandeur or state ; humane, indulgent,
and liberal. He is said to have excelled as a preacher ; and
thence, perhaps, in some degree, his supposed predilection
for preaching and preachers. That he was moderate and
mild, and indulgent to the Puritans, more than, as it after
wards appeared, was either quite prudent, or they deserved,
heeds not be denied. Collier, who will hardly be suspected
of partiality to innovators in religion, expressly vindicates
him from the imputations of Latitudinarianism, and indiffer
ence to the peculiar and proper interests of the church. In
short, he appears, upon the whole, well to have deserved the
glorious character, given of him by one of the first and
greatest men of that, or any other age, Lord Bacon, viz.
that he was the gravest and greatest prelate ofthe land."
Grindal is the Algrind of Spencer, which is the anagram
of his name. It is recorded of him that he first introduced
into England the useful medicinal plant, the tamarisk.^
* Holinshed says, he was so studious, that his book was his bride,
and his study his bride-chamber, in which he spent his eyesight, his
strength, and his health.
t There is a portrait of Dr. Grindal on wood, in the Combination-room
of Pembroke Hall, Cambridge : and a copy from Vandyke, by old Stone,
is in the library of Lambeth Palace. There are several engraved por
traits of the archbishop.
X For the above memoir we are mainly indebted to an account of the
archbishop, written for Hutchinson's Cumberland, by the Rev. Jonathan
Boucher, M.A., F. A. S. vicar of Epsom; and to Steinman's History of
Croydon.

appotHix

PONSONBY OF PONSONBY AND HALE.
Arms ¦¦ — Gules, a chevron between three combs argent.
Crest : — On a ducal coronet three arrows, one in pale and two in
saltire, the points downward, eDtwined by a serpent, proper.
Motto : — Pro rege, lege, grege.
The family of Ponsonby are descended from an ancient and noble
family in Picardy in France ; and their ancestor accompanied William,
Duke of Normandy, in his expedition to England. His posterity settled
at Hale, in Cumberland, where they took the name of Ponsonby from
the lordship of Ponsonby, and had the office of barber to the kings of
England conferred upon them.
Owing to a change of name from Ponsonby to De Hale, it is not easy
to give their descent regularly.
There was one Ponson in the reign of king Stephen and Henry I.
His son, John Fitz-Ponson, lived in the reign of Henry II. This is
probably he who gave the church of Ponsonby to the priory of Conis
head. Alexander, son of Richard Ponsonby, lived about the time of Edward
II. William in the reign of Edward III. Robert, in Richard II.'s
time. In the reign of Henry III., Hale was the property of Alexander de
Hale ; his daughters, Agnes and Constance, held it of Thomas de Mul
ton of Gilsland, in the reign of Edward I., at which time the Ponsonbys
got Agnes' part, and in the time of Richard II. the Ponsonbys became
possessed ofthe whole.
John Ponsonby of Hale, Esq., married and had issue,
Simon Ponsonby, Esq., married to Anne Eglesfield, of Alneburgh
Hall, Cumberland, who had issue,
Henry Ponsonby, Esq., who married Dorothy Sandys, of Rottington,
in the parish of St. Bees, and had issue,
1. Henry, ancestor ofthe Crotto family, in Ireland.
2 John, married Dorothy, daughter of John Brisco, of Crofton, in
Cumberland, Esq., and had issue,
John, of whom hereafter.
These two brothers, Henry and John, went into Ireland with
Oliver Cromwell, in whose army they were colonels of horse, and
were made knights.
Sir John secondly married Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Folliot,
widow of Richard, son and heir of Sir Edward Wingfield, and

436 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
was mother of Folliot, Viscount Powerscourt, from whom des
cend the Earl of Besborough and Lord Ponsonby of Imotrilly.
3. Anne married  Irton, of Irton, Esq.
4. Jane.
5. Ellen, married  Crosby, of Ireland, Esq.
John Ponsonby, Esq. married Anne, daughter of Copley, of Gosforth,
Esq., and had several children.
John Ponsonby, Esq. married Isabella, daughter of Thomas Patrick-
son, of Scalegill Hall, in the county of Cumberland, and had issue nine
children. John Ponsonby, Esq., married Dorothy, daughter of Miles Wilson,
of Ashness, in the county of Cumberland, Esq., and had issue,
1. John, who died in Cumberland, a minor.
2. Miles, of whom hereafter.
3. Anthony.
4. William.
5. Mary.
6. Isabella.
7. Dorothy, married .... Steel, Esq., of Cockermouth, and had
issue.
Miles Ponsonby, Esq. married Catherine, daughter of Wilfrid Cle-
mentson, of Cockermouth, Esq., and had issue,
1. John, who died in the East Indies.
2. Richard, died in the East Indies.
3. Miles, died in Cumberland.
4. Anthony, died in the West Indies.
5. William, died, a minor, in Cumberland.
6. Martha, died in Cumberland.
7. Catherine, died in Cumberland.
8. Dorothy, of whom hereafter.
9. Mary, married E. C. Knubley, Esq., of Whitehaven, and has
issue.
10. Catherine.
Dorothy Ponsonby, married John Fisher, Esq., of Whitehaven, who
in right of his wife assumed the name and arms of Ponsonby, by the
list will and testament ofthe late Miles Ponsonby, Esq., of Hale Hall,
and has issue,
1. Thomas, died in Cumberland, a minor.
2. Miles, of whom hereafter.
3. Mary.
4. Catherine.
5. Dorothy.
6. John.
Miles Ponsonby, Esq., of Hale Hall, married Barbara, daughter of
Christopher Wilson, Esq., of Rigmaden Park, Westmorland, and has
issue, i. Catherine Cumpstone Florence.
2. Dorothy Jane.
3. Miles De Hale, born 14th May, 1841.

APPENDIX.

LAMPLUGH OF LAMPLUGH.

437

The following additions to the pedigree of the Lamplughs of Lam
plugh (see page 84) bring it down to the present time. They are taken
from Burke's Commoners.
John de Lamplugh, living 1st Henry VII., married Isabell, daughter
of Sir John de Pennington, Knt., and had issue,
John, his heir.
Thomas, of Skellsmore, in Cumberland, whose son,
Adam, marrying Agnes, daughter of Robert Ben, of Cumber
land, had, with two daughters, Jane and Mary, a son,
Thomas, of Little ltiston, in Yorkshire, anno 1584, who
married Jane, daughter of Robert Fairfax, Esq. of Poek-
thorpe, and had isssue,
1. Christopher, of Riston, in 1612, who married
Anne, daughter and co-heir of Thomas Roper, of
Octon.
2. Thomas, who purchased the manor of Ribton, in
Cumberland, and died in 1670, aged 83, leaving by
Agnes his wife, (with another son Richard,* who
married Frances, daughter of Sir Christopher Low
ther, Bart., of Whitehaven),
Thomas, D.D. Archbishop of York,f who mar
ried Catherine, daughter of Edward Davenant,
D.D., nephew of John Davenant, Bishop of
Salisbury, and had a son and successor,
Thomas Lamplugh, D. D. archdeacon of
Richmond, born in 1661, who married a lady

* This Richard de Lamplugh left a daughter, Jane, married first, to
John Senhouse, Esq., of Netherhall ; and secondly, to Charles Orfeur,
Esq., of Plumbland, in Cumberland.
t Dr. Lamplugh, sometime fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, was
successively rector of Binfield, in Berkshire, of Charlton-on-Ottmore, in
Oxfordshire, principal of St. Alban's Hall, Oxford, archdeacon of Lon
don, prebendary of Worcester, vicar of St. Martin's in the Fields, dean
of Rochester, bishop of Exeter, and archbishop of York, in which see
he was cnthronized by proxy, 19th December, 1688. He died at Bishop-
thorpe, 5th May, 1691, aged 76, and was buried in York Minster, where
his monument bears the following inscription : " Hie in spe resurgendi
depositum jacet quod mortale fuit Reverendissimi in Christo Patris
Thomae Lamplugh, archiepiscopi Eboracensis, S. T. P. ex antiqua et
generosa Lamplughorum de Lamplugh, in agro Cumbriensi Familia
oriundi." There is no positive proof that his Grace was exactly descend
ed as stated in the text, though the presumptive evidence of the fact is
strong.
3 K

438 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
named Margaret, and had, with other issue,
a son and heir,
Thomas Lamplugh, rector of Bolton Percy,
and canon residentiary of York, of whom
hereafter, as inheritor of Lamplugh, upon
the demise and under the devise of
Thomas Lamplugh, Esq.
John de Lamplugh was succeeded by his son,
Sir John de Lamplugh, knight, of Lamplugh, sheriff of Cumberland
29th Henry VIII. who married first, Isabella, daughter of Sir Christopher
Curwen, of Workington, and had by her a son,
John, his heir.
He married secondly, Catherine, daughter and co-heir of Guy Foster, of
Howsam, and had three daughters, viz.
Mary, married to Thomas Skelton.
Mable. Frances, married to David Fleming, third son of Hugh Fleming.
Sir John was succeeded by his son,
John Lamplugh, of Lamplugh, who married two wives : by the first,
Jane Blennerhasset, he had one son, Edward, who died issueless, and by
the second, Isabel, daughter of Christopher Stapleton, of Wighill, another
son, his successor,
Richard Lamplugh, Esq., of Lamplugh, father, by Alice Warde his
wife, of
John Lamplugh, Esq., of Lamplugh, who married Elizabeth, daughter
of Sir Edward Musgrave, knight, and dying in 1636, was succeeded by
his son,
John Lamplugh, Esq., of Lamplugh, born in 1619. This gentleman,
devoted to the royal cause during the civil war, was colonel of a regiment
of foot under Prince Rupert, and fought at Marston Moor, in 1644,
where, commanding the Yellow Colours, he received several wounds,
and was taken prisoner. He married first, Jane, daughter of Roger
Kirby, Esq., of the county of Lancaster ; secondly, Frances, Lady Low
ther, daughter of Christopher Lancaster, Esq., of Sockbridge, in West
morland, and thirdly, Frances, daughter of Thomas Lamplugh, Esq. of
Ribton. By the last only he had issue, viz.
Thomas, his heir.
Edward, died unmarried.
John, died s. p.
Elizabeth, second wife of Henry Brougham, Esq., of Scales, in
Cumberland. Upon the demise of Elizabeth, daughter of Thomas
Lamplugh, in 1773, the male line failing, this Elizabeth became
heir general of the senior branch of the house of Lamplugh of
Lamplugh, which is now represented by her eldest male descend
ant, Henry, Lord Brougham and Vaux.
Phcebe, appears to have died unmarried.
Colonel Lamplugh was succeeded at his decease by his eldest son,
Thomas Lamplugh, Esq., of Lamplugh, born in 1657, who served the
office of sheriff for Cumberland in the 13th William III. His son and
successor,

APPENDIX. 439
Thomas Lamplugh, Esq., of Lamplugh, by Frances his wife, had an
only daughter and heiress,
Elizabeth, married to George Irton, Esq., of Irton, but died s. p.
devising by will, dated 6th November, 1773, her estate at Dovenbyi
to the Rev. Thomas Lamplugh, of Copgrove, in the county o
York, for life, with remainder, in default of male issue, to Peter
Brougham, descended from Elizabeth Lamplugh of Lamplugh"
He succeeded in 1783, and died in 1791 * p. when Dovenby
passed to his niece and heiress, Mary Dykes.
Mr. Lamplugh died in 1737, and bequeathed, by will dated 1734, "the
capital messuage of Lamplugh Hall, and the demesne lands of Lamplugh,
&c. to his, the testator's cousin,"
The Rev. Thomas Lamplugh, rector of Bolton Percy, and canon resi
dentiary of York Minster, grandson of the archbishop of York. This
gentleman married 17th April, 1721, Honor, daughter of William Cha
loner, Esq., of Guisborough, in the county of York, and had issue,
Thomas, his heir.
Honor, died unmarried 2nd January, 1795.
Mary, died unmarried before 1783.
Katherine, co-heir to her brother Thomas, married the Rev. Godfrey
Wolley, rector of Thurnscoe, and of Warmsworth, and, dying in
1804, left issue,
Edward Wolley, of Fullord Grange, and Nether Hall, in the
county of York, who assumed the surname and arms of
Copley in 1810. He died in 1813.
Thomas Wolley, vice-admiral of the White, married, and has
issue.
Godfrey Wolley, in holy orders, rector of Hutton Bushel, died
in 1822.
Isaac Wolley, captain R.N. married and had issue.
Honor Wolley, married to the Rev. Anthony Fountayne Eyre.
Cordelia Wolley, married to George Bower, Esq., of Sheffield.
Katherine Wolley, married to John Raper, Esq., of Lotherton,
and was mother of the present John Lamplugh Lamplugh
Raper, Esq., of Lamplugh.
Mary Wolley.
Anne, co-heir to her brother, who married 8th October, 1750, John
Raper, Esq., of Abberford, in the county of York, and dying in
July, 1783, left a son,
John Raper of Abberford and Lotherton, who succeeded his
uncle, Thomas Lamplugh, at Lamplugh.
Jane, married to Samuel Pawson, of York, merchant.
Sarah, died young.
The Rev. Thomas Lamplugh was succeeded by his only son,
The Rev. Thomas Lamplugh, of Lamplugh, rector of Copgrove and
Goldesborough, and prebendary of Wistow, who married Mary, daughter
of James Collins, gent, of Knaresborough and Foleyfote, but, dying
without issue in 1783, was succeeded by (the son of his sister Anne) his
nephew, John Raper, Esq., of Abberford and Lotherton, who then became also
"of Lamplugh." He married at Fulford, 16th October, 1789, Katherine,
third daughter of the Rev. Godfrey Wolley, by Katherine, his wife,
3 k 2

440 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
daughter of the Rev. Thomas Lamplugh, of Lamplugh, and had two
sons and one daughter, viz.
John-Lamplugh Raper , his heir.
Henry Raper, of Lincoln's Inn, barrister-at-law, born 12th February,
1795, married 16th December, 1824, Georgiana third daughter
of John Moore, Esq. captain in the 5th regiment of Dragoon
Guards.
Ann Raper, married to James Brooksbank, merchant, of London,
second son of Benjamin Brooksbank, Esq., of Healaugh Hall,
in the West Riding of York.
Mr. Raper died the 3rd of July, 1824, and was succeeded by his elder
son, John Lamplugh Lamplugh-Raper, Esq., of Lamplugh, in the county
of Cumberland, and of Lotherton, in Yorkshire, born at Abberford 19th
July, 1790; married 25th October, 1813, Jane, second daughter of
Benjamin Brooksbank, Esq,, of Healaugli Hall, in the West Riding of
York. This gentleman, whose patronymic is Raper, assumed by sign
manual, 10th March, 1825, the additional surname and arms of Lamplugh.
LEWTHWAITE OF BROAD GATE IN MILLOM.
•
Arms : — Ermine a cross flory azure fretty or.
Crest: — A garb or, bound by a serpent nowed proper, holding in the
mouth a cross crosslet fitchee gules.
Motto : — Tendens ad a; thera virtus.
Thomas Lewthwaite, of Whicham, married a daughter of ... . Newby,
of Haverigg, and had a son,
Thomas Lewthwaite, born 8th December, 1588, married a daughter
of ... . Askew, of Greymains. This Thomas purchased Broad Gate,
and settled there : he died in 1667, having had three children,
1 John, a captain in a regiment of foot raised by Sir William Hud
leston. of Millom Castle, for the service of King Charles I. in
which loyal cause he was slain at Edge Hill, in 1642, a. p.
2. James, who succeeded his father.
3. Margaret, married William Benson of Waberthwaite.
James Lewthwaite, of Broad Gate, married Agnes, daughter of Wil
liam Dickson, Esq., of Beck bank, and had issue.
1 . John, who succeeded his father.
2. Ralph, died in London, 1697, s.p.
3. William, born at Broad Gate, 7th December, 1667, a merchant
at Gateshead, co. Durham, married Catherine, daughter of Sir
Gilfrid Lawson, of Brayton, Bart, and had issue,
1 . Alfred, who died an infant.
2. John, a merchant at Whitehaven, married Grace, daughter
of Robert Jackson, Esq., of Bransty House, and had a son,
Gilfrid, drowned -whilst bathing behind the North Pier
Whitehaven, and was buried at St. Nicholas's, in that
town, August 3rd 1779, s. p.
4. James, of Lady Hall, married a daughter of Myles Wennington
Esq., of Greystone House, and had two sons,
1. James, settled in Chester,! and had issue.

APPENDIX. 441

2. John, married Elizabeth, daughter of James Lancaster, and
had issue two sons,
1. John, settled in London, and had issue.
2. George, of Ulverston, died s. p.
5. Anthony, died at Lancaster, s. p.
1. Elizabeth, J
2. Agnes. > all died s. p.
3. Margaret. j
4. Ellen, nurried William Robinson, of Waberthwaite, and had
a daughter, Elizabeth, married John Halied, and had issue one
son, William Halied, who died in Dublin in 1780, s. p.
John Lewthwaite, of Broad Gate, married Eleanor, daughter of George
Wingfield, Esq., of Woodland, in the parish of Kirby Ireleth, co. Lan
caster, and had issue,
1 . James, died young, s. p.
2. William, succeeded his father.
1. Eleanor, married John Lewis, of St. James' Street, London,
and had issue,
1. Charles Lee Lewis, a celebrated comedian, married and
had issue.
1. Elizabeth Lewis, married .... Dawkins, and died s. p.
2. Elizabeth, married Jobn Addison, gentleman, of Ravenglass,
and had issue,
1. Henry Addison, died in London, s. p.
2. John Addison, died in London, s. p.
1. El izabethAddison, married George Fenwick, Esq. of Lamb-
ton, co. Durham, and had issue,
William Fenwick.
George.John.
Addison. Ralph.Robert.
2. Elizabeth, died unmarried.
William Lewthwaite, of Broad Gate, married Elizabeth, daughter of
John Towers, Esq., of Hockler Hall, in the county of Lancaster, and
had issue, 1. John, who succeeded his father.
2. William, of whom hereafter.
3. George, a merchant in Antigua, and died there, s. p.
1. Eleanor, married William Postlethwaite, of Ellenfoot, gentle
man, and had issue,
1. Thomas Postlethwaite, died in London unmarried.
2. William, died in London unmarried.
1. Elizabeth, died unmarried.
2. Agnes, married John Wilde, of Broughton, gentleman, and
died s. p.
2. Elizabeth, married William Hunter, of Cross House, in Millom,
gentleman, and died s. p.
3. Agnes, married Thomas Bailey, of Broughton, in Furness, and
died s. p.
4. Margaret, married  Taylor, a solicitor in Liverpool, and
died s. p

442 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
John Lewthwaite, a merchant in Lancaster, died on his plantation, at
Check Hall, in the Island of Dominica, in June, 1781. Havingmarried
Mrs. Grice, ofthe Island of Antigua, and leaving no issue, he was suc
ceeded by his brother,
William Lewthwaite, of Broad Gate and of Whitehaven, in the com
mission of the peace for the county of Cumberland, married Mary,
daughter and coheir of Joseph Nicholson, of Millholm, in Bootle, gen
tleman, and had issue,
1. William, succeeded his father at Broad Gate.
2. John, married Margaret, eldest daughter of Roger Taylor, of
Stott Park, in co. Lancaster, and had issue,
1. William.
2. Gilfrid.
1. Marianne.
2. Frances-Jane.
3. George, formerly of Queen's College, Oxford, B.D., rector of
Adel, in the county of York, a magistrate for the West Riding,
married Martha, daughter of Thomas Birley, Esq., of Low Mill,
co. Cumberland, and of Kirkham, co. Lancaster, and have issue,
1. William-Henry, of Trinity College, Cambridge, A.B.
2. George, of University College, Oxford.
1. Margaret.
4. Joseph, a merchant in the West Indies, died at Dominica, in
1818, unmarried.
5. Myles, died an infant.
6. Thomas, died young, unmarried.
1. Agnes, married the Rev. Richard Armitstead, A.M., Rector of
Moresby, and minister of St James', Whitehaven, and had issue,
1. Richard, a solicitor in Whitehaven.
2. William, in holy orders, incumbent of Lorton.
3. John, a solicitor in Sidney.
4. Joseph, died in Jamaica, s, p.
1. Mary.
2 Agnes.
3. Frances.
2. Mary, married Milham Hartley, of Rose Hill, Esq., in the
commission of the peace for the county of Cumberland, high
sheriff for the said county in 1818, and has issue,
1. John, of Moresby House.
2. Milham, died young.
3. George.
4. Gilfrid- William, of Rose Hill.
1. Mary Ann.
2. Isabella, died young.
3. Margaret, died young.
3. Ann, married Peter Dixon, Esq., of Newington, Surrey, and
died in 1803, s.p.
4. Margaret, married Peter Taylor, of Bellfield, in the county of
Westmorland, Esq.
5. Frances, died young.
6. Elizabeth, of Hazel Mount.
William Lewthwaite, who succeeded his father in 1809, is in the
commission of the peace for the county of Cumberland. He married

APPENDIX. 443
Eleanor, daughter of Thomas Cragg, of Lowescales, Esq., and has
issue, 1. John, of Broad Gate, born in 1792, married Anne, daughter of
William Kirkbank, Esq., of Whicham, and has issue,
1. William.
2. Joseph.
3. George.
1- Mary.
2. Elizabeth.
3. Eleanor.
4. Agnes.
5. Ann.
1. Mary, married William Postlethwaite, merchant and banker in
Ulverston.
2. Agnes, married Robert Postlethwaite, of Broughton, Esq., and
have issue,
1. Robert, died young.
2. John.
3. William.
1 . Margaret, died young.
3. Eleanor, died young unmarried.
4. Elizabeth, died young unmarried.
ORDER OF SUCCESSION OF THE BISHOPS OF
CHESTER.*
1542 John Bird. Translated from Bangor 13 April, 1542 ; deprived by
Queen Mary in 1553 ; ob. 1556.
1554 George Cotes, Master of Baliol College, Oxford. Consecrated 1
April, 1554 ; ob. Dec. 1555.
1556 Cuthbert Scot, Prebendary of St. Paul's. Appointed 24 April,
1556 ; deprived by Queen Elizabeth circa 1560.
1561 William Downman. Prebendary of Westminster. Elected 1
May, 1561 ; ob. 3 Dec. 1577.
1579 William Chaderton, Prebendary of York and Westminster. Con
firmed 7 Nov. 1579 ; translated to Lincoln in 1595.
1595 Hugh Bellot. Translated from Bangor 25 June, 1595; ob. 1596.
1597 Richard Vaughan. Translated from Bangor 23 April, 1597 ;
translated to London in 1604.
1604 George Lloyd. Translated from Sodor and Man, 1604; ob. 1
Aug. 1615, aet. 55.
1616 Thomas Moreton, Dean of Winchester. Elected 22 May, 1616;
translated to Lichfield and Coventry 1619.
George Massie was nominated, butdied before consecration.
1619 John Bridgman, Prebendary of Lichfield. Elected 15 March,
1619; ob. 1657. THE SEE VACANT THK.EE YEAES.
1660 Brian Walton, Prebendary of St. Paul's. Consecrated 2 Dec.
1660; ob. 29 Nov. 1661.
1662 Henry Feme, Dean of Ely. Consecrated Feb. 1662; ob. 16
March following, set. 59.
* Nicolas's Synopsis.

444 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
1662 George HaU, Archdeacon of Canterbury. Consecrated 11 May,
1662 ; ob. 23 Aug. 1668.
1668 John Wilkins, Prebendary of York. Consecrated J 5 Nov. 1668;
ob. 19 Nov. 1672.
1673 John Pearson, Prebendary of Salisbury and Ely. Consecrated 9
Feb. 1673 ; ob. July, 1686.
1686 Thomas Cartwright, Prebendary of Durham. Consecrated 17
Oct. 1686 ; ob. 15 April, 1689.
1689 Nicholas Strafford, Dean of St. Asaph. Consecrated 15 Sept.
1689 ; ob. 1708.
1708 Sir William Dawes, Bart. Prebendary of Worcester. Consecrated
8 Feb. 1708 ; translated to York 1714.
1714 Francis Gastrell, Canon of Christ Church, Oxford. Consecrated
4 April, 1714; ob. 1725.
1725 Samuel Peploe, Warden of Manchester. Elected 1725; ob. 1752.
1752 Edmund Keene. Elected 1752 ; translated to Ely 1771.
1771 William Markham, Dean of Christ Church, Oxford. Elected
1771 ; translated lo York 1777.
1777 Beilby Porteus. Elected 1777 ; translated to London 1787.
1787 William Cleaver, Prebendary of Westminster. Elected 1787 ;
translated to Bangor 1800.
1800 Henry William Majendie, Canon Residentiary of St. Paul's.
Elected 1800 ; translated to Bangor 1809.
1809 Bowyer Edward Sparke. Elected 1809; translated to Ely 1812.
1812 George Henry Law. Elected 1812; translated to Bath and
Wells 1824.
1824 Charles James Blomfield. Elected 1824 ; translated to London
1828.
1828 John Bird Sumner, Prebendary of Durham, formerly fellow of
King's College, Cambridge.
PARISH REGISTER BOOKS
Earlier than the new Registers commencing with a. d. 1813 [according
to 52 Geo. III. u. 146J remain at the following places : —
Arlecdon P. C. -Nos I. — IV. contain Baptisms, Burials, a. d. 1730
—1812; Marriages, 1730- -1794, 1798-1812.
St. Bees P. 0.— Nos I. II. bap. 1538—1553, 1558-1614,1620—1686:
bur. 1538-1616, 1620—1683; marr. 1539-1613, 1620-1683, interrup
ted by No III. bur. 1678-1700— Nos IV.— VII. bap. bur. 1697—1812-
man-. 1697—1753— Nos VIII.— XI. marr. 1754—1812.
Bootle R.— Nos I.— III. Registers, 1655— 1812— No IV. marr. 1766
—1812. St. Bridget's P. C. — No. I. (loose paper, scarcely legible) bap. bur.
man-. 1675— 1733— No. II. bap. bur. 1734—1801 ; marr. 1734— 1753—
No. III. bap. bur. 1802—1812 -No. IV. marr. 1751—1812.
Cleator P. C— No. I. bap. bur. marr. 1572—1727 (imperfect)— No.
II. (parchment) bap. bur. 1728—1808; marr. 1728— 1753— No. III.
bap. bur. 1809— 1812— Nos. IV. V. marr. 1754—1812 (first eight leaves
; deficient. Corney R. — No. I. General Register, 1751—1782 — Nos. II. III.
(parchment) 1783—1812.
Distington R. — Nos. I.— III. bap. bur. 1653 — 1812; marr. 1653—
1753— Nos. IV- V. marr. 1754—1812.

APPENDIX. 445
Drigg P. C— Nos. I.— III. bap. bur. 1631—1812; marr. 1631—1753
No. IV. marr. 1754—1812.
Egremont R. — No. I. bap. bur. marr. 1630 — 1706 (imperfect) — Nos.
II. IV. bap. bur. 1707— 1812; marr. 1707— 1753— Nos. V. VI. marr.
1754—1812. Ennerdale C— Nos. I.— III. Registers, 1643—1812.
Eskdale C— No. I. Registers, 1626—1770, defective 1651—1654.
1708—1712, 1726— 1728— No. II. Register, 1770—1812.
Gosforth R.— No. I. bap. bur. marr. 1571—1584, 1592—1613, 1631—
1647, 1662—1674, 1680—1701, 1703—1728, 1730— 1740— Nos. II. III.
bap. bur. 1741—1812; marr. 1741— 1753— No. IV. marr. 1754—1812.
Hale P. C— No. I. Register (parchment) 1545—1710 (very imper
fect)— Nos. II. III. (parchment) 1711— 1812— No. IV. (parchment)
marr. 1800—1812.
Harrington R. — No. I. bap. bur. marr. 1653 — 1719, (imperfect) —
Nos. II. III. bap. bur. 1720—1812 ; marr. 1720— 1753— No. IV. marr.
1754—1812. Hensingham C— bap. 1811—1812; bur. 1812.
St. John P. C. — No. I. (loose sheets scarcely legible) bap. bur. marr.
1680— 1734— No. II. bap. bur. 1735—1812; marr. 1735— 1753— No.
III. marr. 1754—1812.
Irton P.C.— Nos. I.— III. (parchment) bap. 1697—1755, 1757 —
1812; bur. 1697—1754, 1757—1812; marr. 1697— 1750— No. IV.
marr. 1754—1812.
Lamplugh R.— Nos. I. II. bap. bur. marr. 1581—1660, 1686—1724—
Nos. III. IV. bap. bur. 1725—1812; marr. 1725— 1753— No. V. marr.
1754—1812. Millom V. — No. I. General register, 1598 — 1657 (imperfect) — Nos.
II. III. 1658— 1788— No. IV. 1789— 1812— No. V. banns marr. 1754—
1812. Moresby R.— bap. bur. marr. 1717—1812.
Muncaster P. C— bap. 1720—1812; bur. 1724—1812; marr. 1724—
1759, interrupted by 1734—1812.
Nether Wasdale C.-Nos. I. II. General registers, 1711—1812.
Ponsonby P. C. — No. I. (parchment) bap. bur. 1723 — 1776; marr.
1723— 1753— No. II. bap. bur. 1777— 1812— No. III. marr. 1754—1812.
Thwaites C. — one book (parchment) bap. bur. marr. 1724 — 1812.
Ulpha C. No. I. bap. bur. 1703 -1812— No. II. marr. 1754—1812.
Waberthwaite R.— No. I. bap. 1695—1776; bur. 1695—1764; marr.
1695— 1752— No, II. bap. 1777— 1812; bur. 1778— 1812 ; marr. 1754
—1812. Wasdale Head C— one book, bap. 1721—1812; marr. 1724—1812.
Whicham R.— No I. bap. bur. marr. 1569—1606, 1625— 1745— Nos.
II. III. bap. bur. 1746-1812; marr. 1746— 1753— Nos. IV. V. marr.
1754 -1812.
Whitbeck P. C— No. I. General Register (parchment) 1597—1778—
No. II. bap. bur. 1779— 1812— No. III. marr. 1754—1812.
Whitehaven, St. James C. — No. I. contains bap. bur. 1753 — 1812 ;
marr. for 1753— Nos. II.— V. marr. 1754—1812,
Whitehaven, St. Nicholas C— Nos. I.— VIII. bap. 1694—1715, 1718
—1720, 1724—1744, 1753—1812; Bur. 1694—1715, 1717—1719,
1724—1812; marr. 1694—1715, 1718—1723, 1725— 1753— No. IX.
marr. 1754—1812.
Whitehaven, Holy Trinity C  No. I. bap. 1715—1783; bur. 1716 —
3 L

446 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
1783; marr. 1715— 1753— Nos. II. III. bap. bur. 1784_1812_Nos. IV.
V. marr. 1754—1812.
Workington R  Nos I  IV. bap. bur. 1663—1812 ; marr. 1663—
1753— Nos. V  VII. marr. 1754—1812.
GEOLOGY OF THE WARD OF ALLERDALE
ABOVE DERWENT.*
The principal geological features of the ward of Allerdale above Der
went, are very easily described. It joins the south-western slope of the
great group of mountains familiarly known as the " lake district," and
presents in regular series, the difierent formations which commence in
the order of nature with the plutonic rocks, and close with the new red
sandstone. At the back of the Ward we find mountains of red granite. Gable is
the centre, at the head ofthe valleys of Wasdale, Ennerdale, and Borrow-
dale, and tbe minor ones of Miterdale and Calder. In the depths of
these valleys lie the lakes, cavities scooped out when the elevation ofthe
mountains took place, and afterwards filled with water. Reposing on
the granite are mountains of great elevation, of trap or primitive rocks.
At the bases of these, climbing their sides, or occupying the valleys, we
find the transition rocks, principally grauwacke and clay-slate. In the
latter are found the minerals, namely calcareous and siliceous spars, and
the ores of zinc, silver, lead, antimony, manganese, and other metals.
Coming now to the secondary formations, we have first the blue or
mountain limestone, full of marine remains, and rich in the hapatic iron
ore. A broad belt of it extends from the Derwent to the Ehen,. namely
from Cockermouth to Egremont. At the latter town it is lost, and is
not seen again until we reach the other extremity of the Ward, the bor
ders of the Duddon, near Broughton in Furness.
The next formation is the coal measures, which in various degrees of
productiveness occupies the whole country from the limestone to the sea
under which it dips, from the Derwent to Whitehaven. This formation
contains the gray iron ore, plastic clay, and ferruginous shale.
To the southwest of Wbitehaven, at St. Bees head, we find the new
red sandstone with gypsum and magnesian limestone, overlying the coal
measures, which are thrown down ninety fathoms and cut off by dykes
injected with trap or basalt from beneath.
The explored coal measures cease two or three miles to the south of
Whitehaven, but on the way to the Duddon, with the exception of
Ravenglass, where the granite comes down to the edge of the sea, we find
red sandstones of unknown geological positicn, some referring them to the
coal measures, and others supposing them to be of older formation.
Covered here and there by diluvium, they occupy the whole country
between the mountains and tho sea.
* Communicated by Mr. Robert Abraham, of Liverpool.

Stepfjarms Jtofjnston et Jofjnston ^ttflton.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 447
&tftitioit$ antr arormtionsi.
Page 4. The present patron of the perpetual curacy of St. Bridget,
Beckermet, is Thomas Irwin, Esq., of Calder Abbey.
Page 30. One of the bells in the church of Egremont bears this
inscription :
And below 1Et  parocfjiatu me fieri 
Page 51. There is abundant proof of the now totally denuded moun
tain Dent having been formerly a dense forest, nearly or quite to the
summit. The foundations of numerous charcoal pits have been recently
turned up by the plough, wherever that implement has been put to work,
in various parts of the mountain. The pits are about 150 or 200 yards
apart from each other, evincing that the forest has been close and regular.
A burial ground has formerly been established in a field, on the west
side of the river Keekle, called Sepulchre Meadow. A few legible
tombstones yet remain, and the mounds of some graves are discernible ;
but the fence is removed, and the once-sacred place laid open to the
adjoining meadow.
A small inclosure near Crossfield is said to have been a, Quakers'
burial place, but it has so long gone to disuse that the forms of graves
are no longer visible, and no monumental stones are to be seen. Per
haps it may have belonged to some other denomination, as the Society
of Friends are in general more careful of their connexions.
Page 59. To the account ofthe Roman Station at Moresby add the
following particulars, communicated by the Rev. George Wilkinson,
B.D., incumbent of Arlecdon: —
Here was one of the secondary or supporting stations which the
Romans deemed it necessary to maintain as subsidiary to the great
Northern Wall. The site, as Dr. Bennet correctly states, is in a field
on the side of the village towards Parton, called " the Crofts," and the
church stands, as is often the case, within its area. " It is a square of
400 feet, on an elevation, overlooking several creeks, and shews that one
reason of its being placed here was to protect the shore against the
Northern and Western Pirates. The west agger is perfectly plain, and
the stones ofthe south wall still appear through the grass around them."
The northern boundary is no longer apparent above ground; nor could
any traces of it be discovered by a local antiquary who broke the ground
for that purpose some years ago. By far the strongest part of the station,
judging by the remains, appears to have occupied the eastern line,
possibly because that side was least favoured by nature. While the
ramparts to the west and south, on being cut through, present nothing
more than a slight admixture of stone with the turf, without any appear
ance of mortar, those on the east, on examination, disclose the foundations
of a wall of great strength, grouted with hot lime and sand, and resisting
the utmost efforts of the sexton's pick and mattock. — In the same
direction have been considerable buildings, which also occupied the site
ofthe present church-yard. In 1822, when the foundations ofthe new
church were dug, a great quantity of stones, flags, &c, was discovered,
evidently the remains of a building, though not one stone had been left
on another, that had not been thrown down. Underneath these, and
deeply imbedded in one of the trenches, a large stone* or flag was dis-
* This stone was presented to the Earl of Lonsdale, by the Rev
3 l 2

448 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
covered, with its face downwards, containing an inscription in large and
beautiful characters [see page 368] in honour of the Emperor Hadrian ;
and consequently testifying the existence ofthe station early in the 2nd
century, with a garrison, not, as hastily assumed by the Bishop of Cloyne,
of Africans, but of Roman veterans. Connecting this inscription with
coins of Constantine and Constanthis, previously found within its area,
we may fairly infer that the station at Moresby, by whatever name it
was called, was held by the Romans for at least 300 years. That the
area of the station is rich in Roman antiquities, and would amply reward
a search, the present writer, who has once or twice slightly explored it,
entertains no doubt ; though the richness and depth of the soil almost
forbid all hope of a future attempt. The vicus, or town for the camp
followers, lay, as usual, to the south of the station ; the foundations of
its walls were very conspicuous a few years ago, when the neighbouring
field was drained.
The garrison, as appears from centurial stones, and other vouchers,
consisted, first, of a part ofthe XX. Legion, afterwards of auxiliaries,
as Thracians, Lingones, &c. See the inscription.
Page 68. The order of succession of the Rectors of Moresby, from
and after Mr. Nicholson, down to the present time, is as follows ; but
we have not the dates of the respective presentations : —
Mr. Lowther.
Mr. Armitstead.
Mr. Hudleston.
Mr. Wordsworth.
Mr. Leech,
Mr. Thompson.
Mr. Woodhouse.
Page 72. There is an ancient cross at Crosslacon in Frisington,
whose height may be about 3J feet. The part cut out at the top is said
to have been for holding the book while the monk read to the bearers of
the corpse, in resting on their way to the priory of St. Bees, for inter
ment. No inscription is visible, and the whole is of rude workmanship.
Page 73. The parks estate in Frisington was sold by the late Sir
F. F. Vane, of Armathwaite, to the late Joseph Steele, Esq., of Acre-
walls, and by him left to his housekeeper, Miss Harrison.
Page 77. The longevity of the inhabitants of the parish of Distington
is remarkable. In 1831, there were two persons aged 92 years buried
here. In 1832, one aged 88. In 1833, one aged 86. In 1834, one 87.
In 1836, one 98. In 1837, one 95. In 1839, one 86, and one 88. In
1840, one 86, and one 100.
Page 78. Hayes Castle is the property of the widow of the late
Thomas Hartley, Esq., of Gillfoot.
Page 79. During the time that the rectory of Distington was held
by the Rev. Thomas Spedding, the tithes were commuted for common
land; and independent of 90 acres of ancient glebe, there are near 600
acres of the above land which are under a lease for three lives.
Page 99. The Earl of Lonsdale is the present lord of the manors of
Whicham and Silcroft, having purchased the latter from Mr. J. Muncas
ter. Page 104. Since the account of the parish of Drigg was printed, the
George Wilkinson, and is now preserved in the castle at Whitehaven,
though not nearly in so perfect a state as when found. See page 368.

ADDITIONS AND CORRECTIONS. 449

following communication has been received from Mr.Isaac Clements,
B.A. On traversing the sea-coast of this parish northwardly, an object pre
sents itself, which, on account of its colossal proportions, cannot fail t o
arrest the attentive observation of even the most illiterate and inobser
vant ; which would form an interesting study to the painter, and would
be regarded as an ecstatic object of contemplation by the enthusiastic
geologist. This is one of those detached masses of rock, known among
naturalists by the name of Boulder Stones, which, by some unknown
agency, and at spme unascertainable period, have been removed from
their native beds, and deposited in situations where they may be regard
ed as " strangers in a strange land." The one in question, which is call
ed by the inhabitants Carl-Crag, measures 12 feet in length,
9 in breadth, and 5§ in height. These dimensions, it must be observed,
apply only to that part which is visible ; for, as it is deeply imbedded in
the sand, it is not improbable but as much of its altitude may be con-
cealed from as revealed to the view. It is a very fine-grained sienite
divided into transverse parallel sections of about two feet each by a vein
of shale of half an inch in breadth between two narrower stripes of quartz,
which, to the eye at least, are as true in their parallelism, and as uniform
in their distances, as if traced by the hand of man with the nicest care,
and with the most correct mathematical instruments. Such are the
dimensions and general features of this immense concretion of matter,
but how it came to occupy its present site — there being no strata of rocks
made up of the same component materials within many miles of the
place — is a point upon which I cannot form even a plausible conjec
ture, and forms a problem whose solution will, in all probability, baffle
the united efforts ofthe naturalist and philosopher to the latest period of
time. As the vulgar are ever prone, when reason fails them, to have
recourse to superhuman agency, so there are numerous legendary tradi
tions prevalent in the neighbourhood relative to this " great unknown;"
of which the following seems to be the most popular — His Satanic majesty,
on a certain occasion took it into his head to unite the Isle of Man to the
English main by means of a bridge, and selected this particular spot for
the projected erection, as being the nearest point of junction between the
two extremities, but, unfortunately, in conveying this huge mass, doubt
lessly intended as his foundation stone, to its destination, his apron
strings broke, and not possessing sufficient skill to remedy this, apparently,
trifling misfortune, he was compelled to abandon his engineering enter-
prize, which he has never since thought proper to resume ; and as a proof
of the truth of this "very probable theory," they say the mark of his
apron remains upon the stone to this day, which, we need scarcely inform
the intelligent reader is one ofthe transverse parallel sections, above-
mentioned. Page ] 10, line 32. For materiels, read materials.
Page 184. Hardknott castle is on an estate belonging to Edward
Stanley, Esq., M.P., of Ponsonby Hall, called Brotherelkeld — a sheep-
farm containing about 14,000 acres, which was presented to the Stanleys
on the dissolution of Furness abbey.
Page 195. Tbe whole of the parish of Irton, with the exception of
about three farms, is now enfranchised, and consequently does not pay
customary rents, fines, &c. There are some few original freeholds, the
proprietors of which are lords of their own manors.
Page 202. The parish of Irton still continues to pay tithes. The
united livings of Irton and Drigg have been held from time immemorial
by the same clergymen.

450 ALLERDALE WARD, ABOVE DERWENT.
Page 208. The present master of Irton school is the Rev. Isaac
Smith. Page 293. In the church of Ponsonby a mural marble tablet of singu
lar beauty has been recently erected, by Browne of London, in memory
of two children of Edward Stanley, Esq., M.P. It bears the following
inscription, remarkable for its conciseness and expressive beauty : —
Aspice
Immensi Doloris Monumentum angustum
Heu ! supremum Munus
Edvardus et Maria Parentes deflent
EDVARDUM HENR1CUM
Ex Luce migravit
Hie A. D. MDCCCXL. MT. VI.
Ille A. D. MDCCCXXV. MT. III.
Page 321. Calder abbey is on the east side ofthe road.
Page 340, line 14. For St. Bees, read Stainburn.
Page 360, line 20. Dele in.
Page 362, line 1. For Sir John, read Sir Christopher.
Page 367, line 25. For F.A.S., read F.S.A.
Page 376, line 40. For Viscount Lowther, read Viscount Lonsdale.
Page 378. Lord Lowther has been recently appointed Post-Master-
General, and has been called to the upper house, by the title of Baron
Lowther, of Whitehaven.
Page 412. List ofthe Incumbents of Nether- Wasdale : —
1769 Thomas Poole.
1779 John Scott.
1782 Richard Poole
1788 Allison Steble.
1793 Gabriel Hill.
1822 William Coward.
1827 John Douglas.
Page 414. The statement respecting the disputed presentation to the
chapelry of Wasdale-Head, is not strictly correct. — When, in 1819,
there was a dispute between the Earl of Lonsdale and the inhabitants,
respecting the presentation, it did not terminate in favour of the latter ;
but the noble Earl proposed to relinquish his claim, provided the in
habitants would allow the Rev. W. Ainger, D.D., Principal of St. Bees
College, to present, whom his lordship considered most suitable, as being
the Incumbent of the mother-church of St. B ees ; to this proposal they
consented, and Dr. Ainger then appointed the present incumbent, the
Rev. John Douglas.
Page 423. The burial-place of the Stanley family, while they resided
at Dalegarth Hall, was for many ages in Eskdale chapel ; but was dis
continued in 1687, when they removed to Ponsonby.

INDEX OF MONUMENTS AND EPITAPHS.

Addison, William, 266, Marianna
and Dorothy, 267.
Ainger, William, DD. 352.
Armitstead, Richard, 393.
Askew, Sir Hugh, 135, Dorothy,
172.
Bannister, Robert, 12, Mary, ib.
Bateman, John, 391.
Beck, Catherina and John, 266.
Benn, John, Eliz. and Ann, 385.
Benson, John and Bridget, 135.
Birkhead, 387.
Birley, Jane, 20 and 31.
Blakeney, Robert, 81.
Bolton, John and Mary, 172.
Brathwaite, Frances, 206.
Briscoe, Richard, 89.
Brown, Anne and William, 394.
Church, Charles, 426.
Church, Charles Cobbe, 389,
Crosthwaite family, 13.
Curwen, John, 1 2 ; John Christian,
ib  263; Eldred, 265; Thomas,
293.
Dalton, John, 388.
Dixon, John, Isabella, Henry,
George, Joseph, and Frances, 393.
Fleming, Sir John (?) 324.
Fletcher, John, 293.
Forster, Isaac and Agnes, 395.
Gale, William and Margaret, 382.
Glendinning, Joseph, 268.
Griffin, George, 383.
Grindal, Archbishop, 432.
Grundy, Samuel, 394.
Harrison, Thomas and Betty, 395.
Hartley, Thomas, 31 ; Mary, 69 ;
Milham, ib. John, Elizabeth
Elizabeth, Thomas, 382.

Hodgson, John and Elizabeth, 267.
How, Peter and Margaret, 264.
Hudleston,  168 ; Joseph and
Bridget, 169 ; Barr, 170 ; Eliza
beth, 383 ; Curwen, 383 ; John
and Wilfrid, 384.
Hutton, Richard, 136.
Irton, Samuel, George, and" Eliza
beth, 205; Samuel, 206.
Jackson, Dorothy, 388 ; James and
Sarah, 389.
Key James, 12 ; Ann, ib.
Lamplugh, Thomas and Frances,
89 ; Archbishop, 437.
Latus, John and Agnes, 171.
Littledale, Henry, Catberine, and
Ann, 384; Mary, 385; John and
Sarah, 389.
Lowther, Sir Robert, 371; Sir
James, 386.
Lucy, Anthony Lord, 349.
Lucy, Lord and Lady, 351 ; Lord,
349.
Lutwidge, Skeffington and Cather
ine, 204 ; Hannah, Palmer,
Lucy, and Cordelia, 385.
M' Gaa family, 13.
Moore, Mary Ann, 389.
Mossop, Thomas and Anne, 203.
Muncaster, John Lord, 227.
Myers, John and Rachel, 171.
Nicholson, Henry, John, and Wil
son, 69.
Otley, Darcy, 11.
Parker, Catherine, 302.
Patrickson, Frances, 291.

452

INDEX OF PERSONS.

Pearson, John, Frances, William,
Hannah, John, Elizabeth, Joseph,
121.
Pennyfeather, John, 391.
Poole, James, 31 ; Thomas, Mary,
and John, 227.
Pennington, Will., 222 ; Sir Wil
liam, Frances, William, Sir John,
Joseph, 223 ; Joseph, William,
Sir John, 224 ; Sir John, Philip,
Sir Joseph, Sir William, and
Isabel, 225; Sir John, Gamel,
and Penelope, 226; Penelope,
227.
Plasket, William, 266.
Ponsonby, Milham, 265.
Richardson, John, 19; Peter,
Margaret, and Phebe, 69;
James, 381 ; Jane, 382 ; Wil
liam, 395; Sarah and Henry,
396.
Sanderson, William, 13.
Sarjeant, John and Sarah, 395.
Savill, Isabel, 224.
Scott, Agnes, 32.
Selkirk, John, 268.

Sherwen, John and Bilhah, 265.
Shammon, William, 383; Joyce,
384.
Smith, John, Betty, William, and
Jane, 170.
Stanley, Edward, 264, George-Ed
ward and Dorothy, 292 ; Henry
and Edward, 450.
Stamper, William, 393.
Stapleton, Elizabeth, 226.
Steele, Joseph, 75 ; Daniel, 136.
Spedding, John, Margaret, James,
and Elizabeth, 390; Carlisle,
Sarah, and Mary, 391 ; Thomas
and Isabella, 392 ; Carlisle,
Thomas, Langton, Frances, Sa
rah, Mary, Jane, and Ann, 394.
Thompson, William, 267.
Todd, Elizabeth and Isabel, 19.
Walker, Jane, 81.
Wells, William, 172.
Wennington, John, 136.
Wilughby, Robert, 324.
Winder, John, 203.
Wood, Joseph, 393.

INDEX OF PERSONS.

Addison, 262, 441.
Aglionby, 41 8 bis.
Ainger, 350, 352, 353 ter, 362.
Ainsworth, 52.
Alanby, 339,
Albermarle, Earl of, 36, 337.
Albermarle, Countess of, 150, 314.
Ambrose, 173 bis.
Anderson, 353.
Appleby, 389.
Archer, 231.
Armitstead, 68, 392, 442, 447.
Armorer, 197.
Armstrong, 358.
Askew, 99, 138, 142 bis, 144, 158,
166, 218, 381, 440.
Atkinson, 72, 191, 192.
Aubrey, 376.
Austhwaite, 179, 282.
Bailey, 441.
Balcarres, Earl of, 218, 232,
Barker, 27.

Barlow, 357.
Barnard, 375.
Barnes, 359.
Barrington, 158.
Barry, 233.
Basinthwaite, 196.
Baumville, 282.
Baxter, 74, 90.
Becket, 379.
Beckermeth, 316.
Bees, St., 326, 332, 334.
Bega, St., 326, 332, 335, 336.
Bellingham, 375.
Ben, 437.
Benn, 49, 73, 97, 111, 166, 300,
385, 425, 426.
Benson, 419, 440.
Bentinck, 379.
Benson, Bernard, 178.
Berdsey, 275.
Besborough, 436.
Bethom, 98 bis, 99, 317.
Bielby, 375.

INDEX OF PERSONS.

453

Birkhead, 387, 409.
Birley, 20, 49, 417, 442.
Blain, 174.
Blaylock, 299.
Blencowe, 173, 174.
Blennerhasset, 86, 438.
Bocker, 28.
Bolton, Duke of, 375.
Bonville, 8 bis, 89, 416.
Boultbee, 47.
Bower, 439
Boyvill, 92, 137, 149, 150, 152, 175,
316 ter.
Boyvill, pedigree, 152.
Braddyll, 53.
Bradley, 359.
Bragg, 301.
Branthwaite, 425.
Brathwaite, 198.
Bridges, 158.
Briggs, 284.
Briscoe, 80, 91, 359, 386, 435.
Brocklebank, 120, 194.
Brockelsby e, 9, 261.
Bromflet, 371 .
Brookbank, 237.
Brooksbank, 439 bis.
Brougham, 66, 78, 87, 438, 438 Us.
Broughton, 197.
Brunt, 53.
Brus, 338.
Buddicom, 353.
Burrell, 48.
Burrough, 111 bis.
Burrow, 109, 181.
Caddy, 120, 207, 208, 296.
Caldecot, 76.
Camden, 244.
Cancefield, 7.
Carleton, 372.
Carnarvon, Earl of, 47.
Carus, 255.
Chaloner, 284, 344, 356, 357 bis,
439.
Cholmondely, 174.
Christian, 256 bis, 257, 262, 285.
Church, 301, 386, 426.
Cleator, 289 bis.
Clements, 114, 449.
Clementson, 436.
Clifford, 37, 42, 44, 158, 371, 372.
Clyburne, 373.
Collins, 439.

Compton, 232.
Copeland, 125, 197, 201 bis, 215,
359
Copley, 297 bis, 436, 439.
Corbet, 99, 117, 118, 153,317, 318.
Corney, 95, 175.
Cowper, 375.
Cragg, 443.
Crofton, 77.
Crompton, 103.
Cromwell, 285.
Crosby, 254, 436.
Crossland, 307.
Culwen, 108, 138, 343.
Curwen, pedigree of, 251.
Curwen, 6 bis, 7, 9, 11 bis, 13 bis,
14, 80, 86, 108 bis, 239, 240, 242,
243, 244, 248, 249,250, 261, 262,
263, 269, 270, 272, 273, 274, 285,
306, 339, 371 bis, 410, 419, 420,
438.
Cutler, 373.
Dacre, 157, 195, 253, 286, 288,
334, 339, 433.
Dalston, 9 bis, 255, 261, 371.
Dalton, 386 bis.
Dalzell, 270, 277.
Danson, 190, 191.
Darlington, Earl of, 375.
Davenant, 437.
Davies, 355.
Dawkins, 441.
Derby, Earls of, 281.
De Fortibus, 37.
De Hale, 435 bis.
De Millom, 152.
Derwentwater, 371.
Dickenson, 78, 88.
Dickinson, 73, 90, 417.
Dickson, 440.
Dixon, 18, 166, 408, 442.
Dodsworth, 374.
Douglas, 286, 338, 412.
Ducket, 283.
Dudley, 195.
Dunbar, 263.
Dyer, 9, 261.
Dykes, 77, 78 ter, 197, 231, 439.

Earl, 299.'
Eastholme, 297.
Eglesfield, 86, 275, 435.

3 M

.454

INDEX OF PERSONS.

Egremont, Earl of, 34, 47, 49, 305,
412.
Eldred, 251.
Eskdale, 280, 283.
Esseby, 315.
Essex, Earl of, 29.
Estotevill, 107.
Evans, 286.
Eyre, 439.
Fairfax, 249, 254, 284, 437.
Falconer, 160.
Fallowfield, 373.
Fane, 378.
Farrington, 231.
Fearon, 99.
Fenwick, 86, 157, 197, 441.
Fetherstonhaugh, 285, 372, 418.
Fisher, 436.
Fitz-Duncan, 36.
Fitz-Hugh, 157, 253.
Fitz-Ponson, 56, 288, 435.
Fleetwood, 231.
Fleming, 2, 7, 16 bis, 71, 72, 74,
131, 157, 197, 229, 283, 286 bis,
288, 290, 307 bis, 314, 371, 374,
410, 438.
Fletcher, 66, 73, 78, 174, 321, 374,
418 bis, 419.
Folliot, 435.
Foster, 438.
Fox, 290, 357, 358, 359.
Fryer, 90.
Gaitskell, 18, 290, 307.
Gale, 53, 256.
Garth, 297.
Gibson, 27, 118, 120, 360.
Gilbanks, 88.
Gillesby, 425.
Gilpin, 163, 178.
Glaister, 409.
Godardus Dapifer, 149, 153.
Goldie, 257.
Goodyer, 372.
Gosford, 296, 297.
Gosforth, 297.
Gospatric, Earl of Northumberland,
251.
Gower, Countess, 75.
Graystoke, 107.
Grendall, 419.
Grey, 8, 9, 89, 158, 164, 416.
Greyme, 299, 300.
Grice, 110, 202, 442.

Grindal, 330, 331, 350, 354, 355,
425, 427.
Gunson. 199, 243, 260, 424.
Guy, 259.

Hale, 55, 56.
Halied, 441.
Hall, 358, 426.
Halle, 318,
Hanmer, 196.
Hansket, 282.
Harborough 378.
Harcla, 138, 196.
Hare, 273, 376.
Harrington, pedigree of, 7.
Harrington, 5 bis, 26, 40, 108, 138,
157, 252, 317, 338, 416.
Harrison, 27, 97, 181, 182, 239,
259, 386. 424.
Hartley, 15, 27, 59, 78, 442, 448.
Hastings, 358.
Hawkins, 106.
Hayne, 198.
Henry VI. 2I7 6z's, 230.
Herbert, 283.
Hetherington, 261.
Hill, 21, 450.
Hobson, 129, 155.
Hodgson, 101, 144, 198.
Hogarth, 396.
Holcroft, 373.
Holt, 285.
Hooton, 282.
How, 11,262,272,273.
Howard, 377. ¦
Hudleston, pedigree of, 155.
Hudleston, 68, 118 bis, 123, 129,
137, 138, 147, 152, 153, 154 ter,
155, 161 bis, 173 ter, 174, 175,
181, 191,283,316,317, 381 ter,
440.
Hudson, 418.
Hunter, 441.
Hustock, 297.
Hutchinson, 359.
Hutton, 97, 131 bis, 144, 158, 305.

Iliff, 48.
Irton, pedigree of, 195.
Irton, 110, 186, 194, 199, 200, 201,
202, 207, 208, 21 1 bis, 436, 439.
Irwin, 199, 307, 309, 321, 324, 360,
446.

INDEX OF PERSONS.

455

Jackson, 263, 269, 272, 273, 348,
359, 392, 440.
Jefferson, 88, 424.
Jenkins, 392.
Jesse, 257.
Johnston, 447.
Jones, 363.
Kay, 272.
Ketel, 251, 260.
King, 48, 146.
Kirby, 142, 158,297,438.
Kirkbank, 443.
Kirkby, 87, 93 bis, 160, 198, 297,
298, 374.
Kitchen, 414.
Knevett, 65.
Knubley, 436.
Lamplugh, 69, 70, 73 bis. 82, 89 ibis,
917 197, 198, 252, 339, 342, 355,
357, 438 bis.
Lamplugh, pedigree of, 84 and 437.
Lancaster, 87, 251, 252, 371 bis,
374,438,441.
Lancaster, Duke of, 139.
Landplogh, 26.
Lathom, 282.
Latus, pedigree of, 172.
Latus, 99, 158, 201, 334.
Law, 277, 353 bis.
Lawson, 72, 425, 440.
Layland, 173.
Leake, 284.
Lee, 417, 418.
Leech, 29, 357, 448.
Le Gros, 36. „„,
Leigh, 72, 90 bis, 320, 321, 371,
374, 376.
Lewis, 441.
Lewthwaite, 118.
Lewthwaite, pedigree of, 440.
Leybourn, 297.
Lindow, 21.
Littledale, 366.
Lonsdale,' Earl of, pedigree, 369.
Lonsdale, Earl of, 55, 57, 66, 68,
71, 73, 76, 78, 79, 90, 96, 99 bis,
118,119,124,130,131,160,163, 166 175, 176, 240,242,276,305,
348 bis, 350, 353, 357 bis, 358,
359, 367, 368, 369 ter, 381, 386,
392, 408, 410 bis, 414, 416, 424,
425, 426 ter, 447, 448, 450.

Lonsdale, Viscount, 217 bis, 218 bis,
288.
Loring, 8.
Lowther, pedigree of, 369.
Lowther, 53, 66, 73 bis, 78, 80 bis,
90, 99, 160, 175, 217 bis, 232 bis,
254, 261, 276, 334, 348 bis, 356,
360, 361, 362, 363 ter, 366, 367,
369, 379, 385, 386,399,401, 402,
410, 418, 437, 438, 448, 450.
Lucy, 22, 24, 26, 37 bis, 40, 41, 77,
235 bis, 361, 370. 413.
Ludham, 16.
Lutwidge, 201, 203, 204 note, 207,
298, 299.

Mallory, 198.
Mandevill, 150.
Martyndale, 73.
Mary, Queen of Scots, 244—247,
254, 372.
Mason, 103.
Massey, 282.
Meredith, 160.
Meschines, 2 ter, 27, 33, 35, 36,
118, 149, 275, 309, 336, 337, 351
bis, 352 bis, 416.
Michael the Falconer, 95.
Middleton, 197, 372.
Miller, 47.
Millers, 175.
Millward, 424.
Montague, Marquis, 155.
Moore, 232, 437.
Mordling, 318.
Moresby, 65, 77.
Moriceby, 138 bis, 338.
Morrison, 233.
Morthing, 117,118, 138, 317.
Morvill, 37.
Morys or Moorhouse, 90.
Mulcaster, 213, 214, 233.
Multon, 3, 7, 26, 38—41, 55 bis, 77,
297, 298, 309, 435.
Muncaster, Lord, pedigree of, 228.
Muncaster, Lord, 96 bis, 99, 105,
110 bis, 114, 130, 181, 202, 209,
214, 2 17, 219, 222, 237, 238, 413.
Muncaster, 99, 448.
Munster, Earl of, 48.
Murray, Earl of, 36.
Musgrave, 86, 198, 217, 249 ter,
255, 373, 438.
Myers, 192.
Mytford, 283.

3 m 2

456

INDEX OF PERSONS.

Nelson, 259.
Nevil, 8.
Nevill, 8, 42 ter, 157.
Newby, 440.
Nicholson, 207, 424, 442.
Noble, 95 bis.
Northumberland, Earl of, 28, 29,
108, see Percy.
Orfeur, 10, 173, 437.
Ormandy, 176.
Osbaldiston, 232.
Park 92.
Parke, 118 ter, 119, 122 bis, 123.
Parson, 98.
Patrickson, pedigree, 417.
Patrickson, 18, 73 bis, 90 bis, 107,
307, 321, 342, 416, 417, 436.
Pawlet, 379.
Pawson, 439.
Pearson, 273.
Pelham, 410.
Pennington, pedigree of, 228.
Pennington, 86 bis, 93 bis, 96, 99,
104, 108, 110, 117, 118, 131 bis,
142, 143, 159, 160, 201, 210, 213,
216, 217, 218 bis, 235 bis, 237,
238, 299, 375, 377, 437.
Pennyman, 376.
Penyston, 297.
Percy, pedigree of, 41.
Percy, 40.
Philipson, 285.
Pickering, 65, 86, 371.
Pickthall, 166.
Piele, 272.
Pierce, "373.
Pitrpoint, 29.
Pinder, 295, 301, 303.
Piper, 408.
Plaskett, 273.
Poole, 198.
Ponsonby, pedigree, 435.
Ponsonby, 56, 198, 279 bis, 299,
319, 342, 410.
Postlethwaite, 102, 166 bis, 441,
443 bis.
Potter, 419.
Powerscourt, 436.
Powis, Countess of, 284.
Powley, 424.
Poynings, 43.
Preston, 249, 254, 373 bis, 375,
447.

Pricket, 375.
Quale, 370.
Ramsden, 233, 377.
Raper, 85, 91, 437 ter.
Rawson, 412.
Redman, 197.
Rennie, 397.
Reynard the Fewer, 99.
Richardson, 20.
Richmond, 372, 418.
Roberts, 47.
Robertson, 53, 90.
Robinson, 441.
Romely, 150.
Romley, 36.
Romney, Earl of, 47.
Roper, 437.
Rottington, 409.
Sabine, 199.
Sackfield, 72.
Salkeld, 90 ter, 157, 276, 418,419,
425.
Sandys, 73, 331, 358, 409, 410, 435.
Sandes, 355, 410.
Satterthwaite, 131.
Scott, 29, 31, 100, 131, 263, 358.
Scrope, 372.
Senhouse, 86, 199, 283, 296, 297,
298 bis, 299 ter, 300 bis, 301,
321, 357. 417, 437.
Serjeant, 186.
Seton, 141.
Sewell, 386, 409.
Seymour, 45, 1 58.
Shaw, 110, 129, 144, 420.
Sheffield, 18.
Simpson, 269.
Singleton, 107, 144, 181 bis.
Skelton, 197, 217, 339, 355, 425,
438.
Smith, 166, 449.
Smithson, 46, 176.
Somerset, Duke of, 29, 45, 46.
Spedding, 80, 358, 392, 399, 400,
401, 402 bis, 424.
Spencer, 43.
Stanley, pedigree of, 281.
Stanley, 76, 94, 179 bis, 218, 219,
237, 257, 262 bis, 278—293, 306,
358, 412, 414, 422, 423 gu., 449,
450 bis.
Stapleton, 86 bis, 157, 231, 438.

INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS.

457

Steble, 97, 100, 111, 450.
Steel, 436.
Steele, 448.
Steward, 424.
Strickland, 231, 371.
Stuteville, 3.
Stutville, 195.
Stuart, 378.
Sumner, 353.
Sunderland, 199.
Talebois, 2, 5, 9, 89, 251,
Tanner, 28.
Tate, 67.
Taubman, 256.
Taylor, 219, 238, 419, 441, 442 bis.
Tempest, 173.
Thomas, 358.
Thomond, Earl of, 46.
Thompson, 68, 113, 272,
Threlkeld, 371.
Thwaites, 154, 174, 175, 317, 318.
Thynne, 377.
Tiffin, 321, 417.
Tilliol, 195, 370.
Todd, 18 bis, 307.
Tomlinson, 332.
Towers, 189, 441.
Trotter, 376.
Troughton, 157.
Tubman, 198.
Ulf, 181.
Vane, 448.
Vaughan, 65.
Venables, 27.
Veteripont, 252.
Vicars, 57.
Von Essen, 11, 269.
Wailberthwaite, 318.

Waybergthwaite, 92, 154, 298.
Wake, Lord, 107.
Wakefield, 130.
Waldieve, 2, 36, 275 bis.
Walker, 76 bis, 112, 189, 256.
Wandesford, 375.
Ward, 27, 161.
Warde, 438.
Watson, 418.
Watts, 276.
Welberry, 372.
Weunington, 178, 440.
Wentworth, 377.
Westby, 65.
Westmorland, Earl of, 378.
Wharton, 255.
Whitehead, 427 bis.
Whitridge, 129.
Whitrig, 425.
Wilde, 441.
Wilkinson, 75, 368, 447 bis.
Williamson, 70 bis, 73, 160, 181,
357.
Wilson, 274, 359, 4366is.
Winder, 201.
Wingfield, 435, 441.
Withens, 375.
Wolley, 439 bis.
Woodhouse, 68.
Wordsworth, 183, 190, 220, 257,
262, 414, 448.
Wotton, 8.
Wybergh, 88, 331, 334, 347, 372.
Wyet, 417.
Wyche, 98.
Wyndham, pedigree of, 46.
Wyndham, 27, 28, 45, 51, 108,
209, 236, 305, 411, 413, 421.
Yates, 68 bis, 381 bis.

INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS.

Ainger, William, D.D.,hisportrait,
350, 353.
Alanby, prior of St. Bees, his letter
to Lord Dacre, 339.
Allerdale Ward above Derwent,
boundaries, 1 ; rivers, ib.; to
whom granted, 2 ; redivided, 3 ;
table of parishes, church livings,
and population, 4.

Annaside, 121.
Arbeia, 59, 61.
Architecture, church, see Churches
described.
Arlecdon parish, 71 ; the manor,
72 ; manor of Frisington, ib. ;
the church, 74 ; additions, 448.
Askew, Sir Hugh, anecdote of, 142.
Austhwaite, 178.

458

INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS.

Austhwaite family, 179.
Barngill, 76.
Barnscar, city of, 211.
Barwick-rails, 148.
Batteries at Whitehaven, 365.
Beacons, 126.
Beck, used for rivulet, 331 note.
Beck-Bank, 176.
Beckermet village, 15.
Beckermet, Little, manor of, 16.
Beckermet, Great, manor of, 305.
Beckermet, St. Bridget, parish,
304; manor of Great Beckermet,
305 ; Sella Park, 306 ; the old
church, 306; the new church,
308 : Calder abbey, 309.
Beckermet, St. J ohn's parish, 15;
manor of Little Beckermet, 16 ;
the church, ib.; charities, 20.
Bees, St. village, 328.
Bees, St. Priory, 332 ; building
described, 349.
Bees, St. College, 353.
Bees, St. Heads, 327.
Bees, St. Free Grammar-School,
354.
Bees, St. parish, 326 ; village of,
328 ; Priory, historical account
of, 332 ; church described, 349 ;
College, 353; Free Grammar-
School, 354 ; Whitehaven, 359 ;
manor of, 366 ; Whitehaven
castle, 367 ; pedigree ofthe Earl
of Lonsdale, 369 ; Chapel of St.
Nicholas, 379; Chapel of the
Holy Trinity, 385; Chapel of
St. James, 391 ; Dissenting cha
pels, 396 ; the harbour, ib. ; the
coal-pits, 399 ; charities, 408 ;
Rottington, 409; Nether- Was
dale, 411 ; Wasdale-Head, 412 ;
Ennerdale, 415; pedigree of
Patrickson of CaswelJ-H ow, 417 ;
pedigree of Patrickson of Stock
how, 419 ; Eskdale, 420 ; Hen
singham, 424 ; memoir of Arch
bishop Grindal, 427.
Bega, St., founds the nunnery of
St. Bees, 326, 332.
Belle-Vue, 76.
Birkby, 209 ; manor, 218.
Birker, 178.
Birker-force, 147.
Birker-moor, 147.

Bishops of Chester, list of, 443
Black Comb, 127.
Black-legs, 116.
Blake fell, 83.
Bolton, High, 295.
Bolton, Low, 295.
Bolton, manor of, 297.
Boonwood and Seascale township,
295.
Bootle parish, 124 ; Black Comb,
127; town of Bootle, 129; the
church, ib. ; Seton nunnery, 136;
charities, 144.
Boulder-stones, 449.
Boyvill family, 152.
Bride, St., see Beckermet.
British camps, 184.
Broad Gate, 176.
Buck-crag, 421.
Burrow-crails, 148.
Calder Abbey, historical account
of, 309 ; description of, 321.
Calder lordship, 305.
Calder river, 288.
Calder, 280.
Calder-Bridge, 304, 308.
Cald-fell, 305.
Carleton, 109.
Carleton-moor, 15.
Castle-How, 416.
Castles: Egremont, 32, Hayes,
78; Millom, 160; Muncaster,
214; Whitehaven, 367,
Caswell-How, 416.
Chapel Sucken, 180.
Chester, Bishops of, List of, 443.
' Choke-damp' in coal pits, 401 note.
Chun Castle, Cornwall, 184 note.
Churches described : Harrington,
11 ; St. John Beckermet, 18 ;
Egremont, 29; Cleator, 53;
Moresby, 68; Distington, 80;
Lamplugh, 89; Drigg, 110;
Whitbeck, 120; Bootle, 131;
Millom, 167 ; Ulpha, 189 ; Irton,
202; Muncaster, 219; Working
ton, 262; St. John's chapel,
Workington, 268 ; Ponsonby,
290 ; Gosforth, 301 ; St. Bridget,
Beckermet, 307 ; Calder abbey,
321 ; St. Bees Priory, 349.
Churches, hints for repairing, 220
note.
Church-livings, table of, 4.

INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS.

459

Church property and endowments
misapplied at the Reformation,
343-347 note.
Churchwardens, duties of, 220 note.
Cleator parish, 51 ; manor, 52 ;
church, ib. ; additions, 447.
Clergy, robbed at the Reformation,
343, 345.
Clerical Institution of St. Bees, 353.
Cliff of Baruth, 329.
Clifton chapelry, 275 ; manor, ib. ;
chapel, 276.
Clifton Great, 276.
Clifton Little, 276.
Clifton -house, 276.
Cloven Barf, 329.
Coal-pits, at Workington, 242 ; at
Whitehaven, 399; .operations
described, 403 note.
Coals, their use in London prohi
bited by royal proclamation, 399
note.
Coins found, 76.
College, see St. Bees.
Copeland family, 125.
Copper-mines in Ulpha, 181.
Corney parish, 95; manor, ib. ;
the church, 96 ; charities, 97.
Cranmer not a party to the sacri
lege of Henry VIII. at the Re
formation, 343 note.
Crook-head, 412.
Crosses : Bootle, 129 ; Millom,
167 ; Irton, 207 ; Muncaster,
228 ; Gosforth, 302 ; St. Brid
get, Beckermet. 308 ; St. Bees,
352.
Cross-house, 129.
Crowgarth, 51.
Dalegarth HaU, 179.
De Millom family, 152.
Dent Hill, 51, 447.
Devoke-water, 147.
Distington parish, 76 ; the ma
nor, 77 ; Hayes Castle, 78 ; the
church, 79 ; additions, 448.
Doe-crag, 421.
Drigg parish, 104; the manor,
107 ; Carleton, 109 ; the church,
ib. ; Schools, 112; Additions,
448.
Duddon River, 146, 183;
Duddon Bridge, 175.
Duddon Grove, 175.

Earn-Crag, 421.
Egremont parish, 21 ; Town of,
22 ; the Church, 27 ; the Castle,
32; the Barony of Egremont,
35 ; Pedigrees of its lords, 36 ;
Charities, 49 ; Additions, 447.
Egremont, Barony of, 35; Lords,
36.
Ennerdale, 415 ; Manor, 416 ; Cas
tle-How, ib. ; Pedigree of Pa
trickson, 417 ; the Chapel, 420.
Eskdale, 420; the Chapel, 422,
450.
Eskdale and Miterdale, Manor of,
421, 422.
Esk-meols, 125, 213.
Fire-damp in coal-pits, 401.
Fitz-Duncan family, 36.
Flosh, 52.
Fonts, remarks on, 132, 133 — 135
note.
Fool of Muncaster, 215.
Forestership of Cumberland, 38.
Frisington High and Low, 71 ;
Manor, 72.
Furnace-beck, 146.
Gallows at Millom, 149, 162.
Gas-lights, origin of, 399, note.
Geology of Allerdale Ward above
Derwent, 446.
Giant at St. Bees, 'true report of,'
330, note.
Gilgarron, 76.
Gillfoot, 27.
Gosforth parish, 295 ; manor of
Gosforth, 296 ; manor of Bolton,
297 ; manor of Seascale and
Newton, 298 ; the church, 299.
Gosforth hall, 297.
Gosforth or Gosford family, 296.
Grange-brow, 15.
Greenlands, 194.
Greystone House, 176.
Grindal, Archbishop, founds the
Free Grammar School of St.
Bees, 354; gives communion-
plate to the church, 350 ; me
moir of, -427.
Gutterby, 116.
Hale parish, 55 ; the manor, ib.;
Ponsonby family, 56 ; Hale H all,
ib. ; the church, ib.

460

INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS.

Hall-foss, 121.
Hall-Thwaites, 174.
Hardknott Castle, 184, 449.
Harrington parish, 5 ; manor, ib.
family of Harrington, 7; the
church, 9 ; the port, 13.
Harrington family, 7.
Haverigg, 180.
Hayes Castle, 78, 448.
Henry VI., his visit to Muncaster
castle, 217 bis, 218, 224, 230.
Hensingham, 424; manor, 425;
the chapel, 426 ; memoirof Arch
bishop Grindal, 427.
Hecsingham-hall, 424.
Herringbone masonry described,
32 33.
Hodbarrow, 146, 148.
Holborn-hill, 148.
Holme-Rook hall, 207.
Holy-wells, 148.
How-hall, 416.
How-Michael, 243.
Hudleston family, 155.
Infell, 280.
Ingwell, 424.
Irton of Irton, pedigree, 195.
Irton parish, 193; manor, 194;
pedigree of Irton of Irton, 1 95 ;
Irton-hall, 1 99 ; manor of San
ton, 201 ; the church, ib. ; Holme
Rook hall, 207 : school , ib ; ad
ditions, 449, 450.
Irton hall, 199.
John, St., see Beckermet.
Jones, Paul, his attempt to destroy
the shipping of Whitehaven, 363.
Kelton, 82 ; manor, 89.
'King's coach-road,' 187.
Kinneyside, 415.
Kirkby Begock, 333.
Kirksanton, 148, 180.
Kirkstones, 122.
Lady-Hall, 174.
Lamplugh family, 84 and 437.
Lamplugh parish, 82 ; manor, 84 ;
pedigree of Lamplugh, ib. and
437 ; the hall, 87 ; the church,
ib.; manor of Kelton, 89; Sal
ter hall, 90; Murton, ib. ;
charities, 91.

Latimer, Bishop, his wish that
some of the abbeys should be
left for pious and charitable uses,
344 note.
Latus family, 1 72.
Law, Bishop, establishes the col
lege of St. Bees, 353.
Lewthwaite of Broadgate, pedigree
of, 440.
Linethwaite, 424.
Longevity, instances of, 21, 72, 77,
95, 115,124, 188,240,387.
Lonsdale, Earl of, fits up the col
lege of St. Bees, 350.
Low-mere-beck lead mines, 416.
Lowscales, 148.
Lowside quarter, 326.
' Luck of Muncaster,' 216, 224, 230.
Lucy family, 37, 351.
Lucy, Lord and Lady, their effigies
at St. Bees, 351.
Marriages by justices of the peace
during the Commonwealth, 111,
112.
Mary, queen of Scots, her letter to
Queen Elizabeth, from Working
ton, 244; her visit to Workington,
244, 247 note, 254.
Mass bell, 221.
Meschines, family of, 352.
Meschines, Ranulph de, founds
Calder abbey, 309.
Meschmes, William de, founds the
priory of St. Bees, 336,
Middleton place, 95, 96.
Millom parish, 145; seigniory, 149 ;
pedigree of Boyvill or de Millom,
152; pedigree of Hudleston, 155;
the castle, 1 60 ; the church, 164;
pedigree of Latus of tbe Beck,
172; Thwaites, 174; Birker and
Austhwaite, 178 ; Dalegarth hall,
179; ChapelSucken,180; Ulpha,
ib.; Hardknott castle, 184; Ulpha
chapel, 189 ; charities, 176, 178,
190, 191.
Moresby family, 65.
Moresby parish, 58; Roman sta
tion, 59, and 447 ; the manor,
65; Moresby hall, 66; the church,
67 ; Parton, 69 ; additions, 447.
448.
Mountain churches and chapels,

INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS.

461

described by Mr. Wordsworth,
414 note.
Mulcaster, family of, 233.
Multon family, 38.
Muncaster parish, 209; manor,
213; castle, 214; manor of
Birkby,218; church.ii.; pedigree
of Pennington, Lord Muncaster,
228; Mulcaster of Muncaster,
233; Ravenglass, 234; charities,
237.
Murton, 90.
Neddrum priory, in Ulster, a. cell
to the priory of St. Bees, 336,
note.
Nelson, Lord, anecdote of, 204,
note.
Nether-Wasdale, 41 1 ; chapel, 412 ;
additions, 450.
Newspapers, 360.
Oaks, 176.
Old Castle, 213.
Old Chapel, 243.
Overend, 424.
Parishes, origin of, 345, note ; co.
extensive with manors, ib.
Parish registers in Allerdale Ward
above Derwent, account of, 444.
Parton, 69.
Patrickson of Caswell-How, pedi
gree of, 417.
Patrickson of Stockhow, pedigree
of, 419.
Patrons of livings, 4.
Pearl fishery in the Irt, 106.
Pearl muscle, 107.
Pedigrees : — Harrington, 7; Fitz-
Duncan, 36; Lucy, 37, 40;
Multon, 38 ; Percy, 41 ; Wynd
ham, 46; Lamplugh, 84 and
437 ; Boyvill or De Millom, 152 ;
Hudleston, 155; Latus of the
Beck, 172; Irton of Irton, 195;
Pennington, Lord Muncaster,
228; Curwen, 251; Stanley,
281 ; Lowther, Earl of Lonsdale,
369; Patrickson of Caswell-how,
417 ; Patrickson of Stockhow,
419; Ponsonby, 435; Lewth
waite, 440.
Percy family, 41, 3

Ponsonby, family of, 56; pedigree
of, 435.
Ponsonby hall, 287.
Ponson by parish, 278 ; manor, 280 ;
pedigree of Stanley, 281 ; Pon
sonby hall, 287; church, 289;
additions, 450.
Population table, 4.
Poe-beck, 331.
Preston Isle, 327 note.
Preston-quarter, 326.
Prospect Hill, 76.
Rainsbarrow Wood, 189.
Ravenglass, 234.
Reformation, its defects and abuses,
343—347.
Registers of parishes in the Ward,
444.
Religious houses, their suppression,
343.
Rivers in Allerdale Ward above, 1 .
Roman road from Egremont to
Cockermouth, 35.
Rottington, 340, 409 ; manor, ib.
Round towers described, 34, note.
Salter hall, 90.
Salmon-hunting, 240.
Sancte or Saints' bell, 221.
Sandes or Sandys family, 410.
Sandwith, 326.
Santon manor, 201.
Sea-fell pike, 420, 421 note.
Scale-gill pit, 331.
Screes, 411 note, bis.
Seascale-hall, 299.
Seacale and Newton, manor of,
298.
Sedilia, their former use, 322.
S elk ers bay, 125.
Sella-field, 304.
Sella-field tarn, 304.
Sella Park, 306.
Seton-hall, 144.
Seton Nunnery, 136.
Seymour family, 45.
Shippingof Cumberland, a.d. 1566,
258, 361.
Silcroft, 98.
Skalderskew, 304.
Slavery, curious instance of, 317.
Slough-dogs, 23.
Spedding, Mir. destroyed by an ex
plosion in a coal-pit, 402.
N

462

INDEX OF PLACES AND SUBJECTS.

Stainburn, 274.
Standing stones, 83, 121.
Stanley, 331.
Stanley-gill, 147.
Stanley, family of, 281.
Stock-how Hall, 82.
Stoneside, 182.
Storm on the west coast, 366 note.
Summergrove, 424.
Superstitions, 117.
Swineside, 176.
Thwaites, 174 ; manor, ib ; cha
pel, 175 ; Druidical temple, 176;
charities, 178.
Thwaites family, 174.
Ulpha, 180; manor, 181; Hard
knott castle, 184; chapel, 189;
charities, 190.
Ulverston, skirmish near, 158, 159,
note.
Vitreous tubes found at Drigg, 105.
Waberthwaite parish, 92; ma
nor, ib. ; the church, 93.
Wallow Barrow Crag, 183.
Walls castle, 210, 212.
Wasdale hall, 412.
Wasdale head, 412; chapel, 413;
additions, 450.
Wast-water, 411, note.
Weddicar, manor of, 410.

Whicham parish, 98 ; the manors,
99 ; the church, ib. ; the gram
mar school of Whicham and
Bootle, 101 ; charities, 103 ; ad
ditions, 448.
Whicham hall, 99.
Whillimore, 71.
Whitbeck parish, 115 ; manor,
117; the church, 118; antiqui
ties, 121 ; charities, 122.
Whitehaven, 359 ; the manor, 366;
tbe castle, 367 ; pedigree of the
Lowther family, 369 ; chapel of
St. Nicholas, 379 ; chapel of the
Holy Trinity, 385 ; chapel of St.
James, 391 ; dissenting chapels,
396 ; the harbour, ib. ; the coal
pits, 399 ; charities, 408.
Wilton, 55.
Winscales, 239.
Wokkington parish, 239 ; the
hall, 243; pedigree of Curwen,
251 ; the town, 257 ; church,
260; St. John's chapel, 268;
dissenting chapels, 269; chari
ties, 270 ; Stainburn, 274 ; Clif
ton, 275.
Workington, 257.
Workington-hall, 243.
Wotobank, 15 ; tradition respecting,
ib.
Wyndham family, 46.
Yotten-Fews, 304.

Caslislb : Fainted by Samuel Jefperson, 34, Scotch-Street.

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